,transcriber's ,note ,there is a small amount of ,greek in this text1 which has been transliterated4 ,it is surrounded by plus signs like this4 ,bold text is indicated with tildes like this4 ,characters with a macron 7straight line7 over them are indicated as x1 where x is the letter in question4 ,those with a caron 7v shape7 over them are indicated as vx4 ,superscripted text is indicated with a caret 77 preceding the superscripted letters4 ,the original text indicated omitted text with varied numbers of spaced periods2 this convention has been retained4 ,,southern ,,literature ,from #aegi-ahie4 ,a ,,comprehensive ,,review1 ,,with ,,copious ,,extracts ,,and ,,criticisms ,,for ,,the ,,use ,,of ,,schools ,,and ,,the ,,general ,,reader ,containing an ,appendix with a ,full ,list of ,southern ,authors ,,by ,,louise ,,manly ,,illustrated ,,richmond1 ,,va4 ,b4 ,f4 ,,johnson ,,publishing ,,company #aijj ,,copyright1 #ahie1 ,,by ,,louise ,,manly4 ,,preface4 ,the primary object of this book is to furnish our children with material for becoming acquainted with the development of ,american life and history as found in ,southern writers and their works4 ,it may serve as a reader supplementary to ,american history and literature1 or it may be made the ground-work for serious study of ,southern life and letters2 and between these extremes there are varying degrees of usefulness4 ,to state its origin will best explain its existence4 ,this may furthermore be of some help to teachers in using the book1 though each teacher will use it as best suits his classes and methods4 ,the study of ,history is rising every day in importance4 ,sir ,walter ,raleigh in his ,historie of the ,world well said1 ,it hath triumphed over time1 which besides it nothing but eternity hath triumphed over4 ,it is the still living word of the vanished ages4 ,the best way of teaching history has of late years received much attention4 ,one excellent method is to read1 in connection with the text-book1 good works of fiction1 dramas1 poetry1 and historical novels1 bearing upon the different epochs1 and also to read the works of the authors themselves of these different periods4 ,we thus make history and literature illustrate and beautify each other4 ,the dry dates become covered with living facts1 the past is peopled with real beings instead of hard names1 fiction receives a solid basis for its airy architecture1 and the mind of the pupil is interested and broadened4 ,even the difficult subjects of politics and institutions gradually assume a more pleasing aspect by being associated with individual human interests1 and condescend to simplify themselves through personal relations4 ,to illustrate this method1 which ,i have used with great success in teaching ,english ,history3 ,in connection with the times of the early ,britons1 read ,tennyson's ,idyls of the ,king4 ,at the ,norman ,conquest1 ,bulwer's ,harold4 ,at the reign of ,richard ,i4 7,coeur de ,lion71 ,scott's ,ivanhoe and ,talisman1 ,shakspere's ,king ,john4 ,at the reign of ,elizabeth1 ,scott's ,kenilworth1 the non-historical plays of ,shakspere1 as he lived at that epoch1 ,bacon's ,essays1 and others4 ,i mention merely a few4 ,the amount of reading can be increased almost indefinitely and will depend on the time of the pupil1 the plan of the teacher1 and the accessibility of the books4 ,most of the books necessary for ,english ,history are now published in cheap form and are within reach of every pupil4 ,a great deal of reading is very desirable2 it is the only way to give our pupils any broad view of literature and history1 and to cultivate a taste for reading in those destitute of it4 ,it is often the only opportunity for reading which some pupils will ever have1 and it lasts them a life-time as a pleasure and a benefit4#a ,the reading may be done in the class or out of school hours4 ,it is well to read as much as practicable in class1 and to have some sketch of the outside reading given in class4 ,geography must also go hand in hand with history1 a point now well understood4 ,but its importance can hardly be exaggerated and its practice is of the utmost value4 ,one must use maps to study and read intelligently4 ,in ,american ,history pursue a similar course1 as for example3 ,at the period of discovery and early settlement1 read ,irving's ,columbus1 ,simms' ,vasconselos 7,de ,soto's ,expedition71 and ,yemassee1 ,john ,smith's ,life and ,writings1 ,longfellow's ,hiawatha and ,miles ,standish1 ,kennedy's ,rob of the ,bowl1 ,strachey's ,works1 ,mrs4 ,preston's ,colonial ,ballads1 c4 ,in ,revolutionary times1 the ,revolutionary novels of ,simms and ,cooper1 ,kennedy's ,horse-,shoe ,robinson2 the great statesmen of the day1 as ,jefferson1 ,adams1 ,patrick ,henry1 ,hamilton1 ,washington2 ,cooke's ,fairfax in which ,washington appears as a youthful surveyor1 and ,virginia ,comedians in which ,patrick ,henry appears1 ,thackeray's ,virginians2 and others4 ,each teacher will make his own list as his time and command of books allow4 ,and each ,state or section of our great country will devote more time to its own special history and literature2 this is right1 for knowledge like charity begins at home1 and gradually widens until it embraces the circle of the universe4 ,in collecting material for classes in ,american ,history to read in accordance with this plan1 it was found easy to get cheap editions of ,irving1 ,longfellow1 ,cooper1 and other writers of the northern ,states1 but almost impossible to get those of the southern1 in cheap or even expensive editions4 ,and the present volume has been prepared to supply in part this deficiency4 ,to fit it to the plan suggested1 the dates of the writers and the period and character of their works have been indicated1 and some selections from them given for reading1--too little1 it is feared1 to be of much service1 and yet enough to stimulate to further interest and study4 ,the materials have been found so abundant1 even so much more abundant than ,i suspected when undertaking the work1 that it has been a hard task to make a selection from the rich masses of interesting writing4 ,i fear that the work is too fragmentary and contains too many writers to make a lasting impression in a historical point of view4 ,if1 however1 it leads to a sympathetic study of ,southern life and literature1 and especially if it makes young people acquainted with our writers of the past and with something of the old-time life and the spirit that controlled our ancestors1 it will serve an excellent purpose4 ,our writers should be compared with those of other sections and other countries2 and due honor should be given them1 equally removed from over-praise and from depreciation4 ,if we1 their countrymen1 do not know and honor them1 who can be expected to do so8 ,no people is great whose memory is lost1 whose interest centres in the present alone1 who looks not reverently back to true beginnings and hopefully forward to a grand future4 ,so ,i would urge my fellow-teachers to a fresh diligence in studying and worthily understanding the life and literature of our past1 and in impressing them upon the minds of the rising generation1 so as to infuse into the new forms now arising the best and purest and highest of the old forms fast passing away4 ,my sincere thanks are hereby tendered to the scholars who have aided me by their advice and encouragement1 to living authors and the relatives of those not living who have generously given me permission to copy extracts from their writings1 to the publishers who have kindly allowed me to use copyrighted matter1 to ,miss ,anna ,m4 ,trice1 ,mr4 ,josiah ,ryland1 ,jr41 and the officials of the ,virginia ,state ,library where ,i found most of the books needed in my work1 and to ,mr4 ,david ,hutcheson1 of the ,library of ,congress4 ,my greatest indebtedness is to ,professor ,william ,taylor ,thom and ,professor ,john ,p4 ,mc,guire1 for scholarly criticism and practical suggestions in the course of preparation4 #ahie4 ,,louise ,,manly4 ,,footnote3 #a ,see ,professor ,woodrow ,wilson's excellent article on the ,university study of ,literature and ,institutions1 in the ,,forum1 ,september1 #ahid4 ,,list ,,of ,,works ,,for ,,reference4 ,appleton3 ,cyclopaedia of ,american ,biography1 #f vols4 ,duyckinck3 ,cyclopaedia of ,american ,literature1 #b vols4 ,allibone3 ,dictionary of ,authors1 #c vols4 ,kirk3 ,supplement to ,allibone1 #b vols4 ,stedman3 ,poets of ,america4 ,stedman and ,hutchinson3 ,library of ,american ,literature1 #aa vols4 ,poe3 ,literati of ,new ,york4 ,griswold3 ,poets and ,poetry of ,america4 ,prose ,writers of ,america4 ,female ,poets of ,america4 ,hart3 ,american ,literature1 ,eldredge ,bros41 ,phila4 ,davidson3 ,living ,writers of the ,south1 7#ahfi74 ,miss ,rutherford3 ,american ,authors1 ,franklin ,publishing ,company1 ,atlanta1 ,georgia4 ,southern ,literary ,messenger1 #ahcd-ahfc4 ,southern ,quarterly ,review1 #ahdb-ahee4 ,de ,bow's ,commercial ,review4 ,the ,land ,we ,love1 #ahfe-ahfi4 ,southern ,review1 and ,eclectic ,review1 ,baltimore4 ,southland ,writers1 by ,ida ,raymond 7,mrs4 ,tardy74 ,women of the ,south in ,literature1 by ,mary ,forrest4 ,fortier3 ,louisiana ,studies1 ,f4 ,f4 ,hansell1 ,new ,orleans4 ,ogden3 ,literature of the ,virginias1 ,independent ,publishing ,company1 ,morgantown1 ,west ,virginia4 ,c4 ,w4 ,coleman1 ,jr43 ,recent ,movement in the ,literature of the ,south1 ,harper's ,monthly1 #ahhf1 ,no4 #gd1 p4 #hcg4 ,t4 ,n4 ,page3 ,authorship in the ,south before the ,war1 ,lippincott's ,magazine1 #ahhi1 ,no4 #dd1 p4 #aje4 ,professor ,c4 ,w4 ,kent1 ,university of ,virginia3 ,outlook for ,literature in the ,south4 ,people's ,cyclopedia 7#ahid74 ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,in ,chronological ,order4 ,,first ,,period 444 #aegi-agej4 ,,page ,,john ,,smith1 #aegi-afca #cc ,rescue of ,captain ,smith by ,pocahontas #ce ,our ,right to ,those ,countries #ch ,ascent of the ,river ,james1 #afjg #db ,,william ,,strachey1 in ,america #afji-ab #de ,a ,storm ,off the ,bermudas #de ,,john ,,lawson1 in ,america #agjj-jh #dh ,north ,carolina in #agjj-jh #di ,harvest ,home of the ,indians #ec ,,william ,,byrd1 #afgd-agdd #ed ,selecting the ,site of ,richmond and ,petersburg1 #agcc #eh ,a ,visit to ,ex-,governor ,spotswood1 #agcb #eh ,dismal ,swamp1 #agbh #fa ,the ,tuscarora ,indians and ,their ,legend of a ,christ1 #agbi #fe ,,second ,,period 444 #agej-ahjj4 ,,henry ,,laurens1 #agbd-agib #fg ,a ,patriot in the ,tower #fh ,,george ,,washington1 #agcb-agii #ga ,an ,honest ,man #gc ,how to ,answer ,calumny #gd ,conscience #gd ,on his ,appointment as ,commander-in-,chief1 #agge #gd ,a ,military ,dinner-,party #gf ,advice to a ,favorite ,nephew #gf ,farewell ,address to the ,people of the ,united ,states1 #agif #gg ,union and ,liberty #gg ,party ,spirit #gi ,religion and ,morality #ha ,,patrick ,,henry1 #agcf-agii #hb ,remark on ,slavery1 #aghh #hd ,not ,bound by ,state ,lines #hd ,if ,this ,be ,treason1 #agfe #hd ,the ,famous ,revolution ,speech1 #agge #hd ,,william ,,henry ,,drayton1 #agdb-aggi #hg ,george ,,iii4's ,abdication of ,power in ,america #hi ,,thomas ,,jefferson1 #agdc-ahbf #ia ,political ,maxims #id ,religious ,opinions at the ,age of ,twenty #id ,scenery at ,harper's ,ferry1 and at the ,natural ,bridge #ie ,on ,freedom of ,religious ,opinion #ih ,on the ,discourses of ,christ #ih ,religious ,freedom 7the ,act of #aghf7 #ih ,letter to his ,daughter #ajj ,jefferson's ,last ,letter1 #ahbf #aja ,,david ,,ramsay1 #agdi-ahae #ajc ,british ,treaty with the ,cherokees1 #agee #aje ,sergeant ,jasper at ,fort ,moultrie1 #bh ,june1 #aggf #ajf ,sumpter and ,marion #ajg ,,james ,,madison1 #agea-ahcf #aji ,opinion of ,lafayette #aaj ,plea for a ,republic #aaa ,character of ,washington #aab ,,st4 ,,george ,,tucker1 #ageb-ahbh #aac ,resignation1 or ,days of ,my ,youth #aae ,,john ,,marshall1 #agee-ahce #aaf ,power of the ,supreme ,court #aag ,the ,duties of a ,judge #aah ,,henry ,,lee1 #agef-ahah #aai ,capture of ,fort ,motte by ,lee and ,marion1 #aghj #abj ,the ,father of ,his ,country #abd ,,mason ,,locke ,,weems1 #agfj-ahbe #abf ,the ,hatchet ,story #abf ,,john ,,drayton1 #agff-ahbb #abg ,a ,revolutionary ,object ,lesson in the ,cause of ,patriotism #agge #abh ,the ,battle of ,noewee1 #aggf #abi ,,william ,,wirt1 #aggb-ahcd #aca ,the ,blind ,preacher 7,james ,waddell7 #acb ,mr4 ,henry against ,john ,hook #ace ,,john ,,randolph1 #aggc-ahcc #acg ,revision of the ,state ,constitution1 #ahbi #ach ,,george ,,tucker1 #agge-ahfa #adj ,jefferson's ,preference for ,country ,life #adb ,establishment of the ,university of ,virginia #adc ,,third ,,period 444 #ahjj-ahej4 ,,henry ,,clay1 #aggg-aheb #adg ,to ,be ,right above ,all #adh ,no ,geographical ,lines in ,patriotism #adh ,military ,insubordination #adh ,,francis ,,scott ,,key1 #aghj-ahdc #aea ,the ,star-,spangled ,banner #aea ,,john ,,james ,,audubon1 #aghj-ahea #aec ,the ,mocking-,bird #aee ,the ,humming-,bird #aeg ,,thomas ,,hart ,,benton1 #aghb-aheh #aeh ,the ,duel ,between ,randolph and ,clay1 #ahbf #aei ,,john ,,caldwell ,,calhoun1 #aghb-ahej #afa ,war and ,peace #afd ,system of ,our ,government #afd ,defence of ,nullification #afd ,the ,wise ,choice #aff ,official ,patronage #afg ,,nathaniel ,,beverley ,,tucker1 #aghd-ahea #afg ,the ,partisan ,leader #afh ,,david ,,crockett1 #aghf-ahcf #agc ,spelling and ,grammar3 ,prologue ,to ,his ,autobiography #agc ,on a ,bear-hunt #age ,motto3 ,be ,sure ,you ,are ,right #agh ,,richard ,,henry ,,wilde1 #aghi-ahdg #agh ,my ,life ,is ,like the ,summer ,rose #agi ,,augustus ,,baldwin ,,longstreet1 #agij-ahgj #ahj ,ned ,brace at ,church #ahj ,a ,sage ,conversation #ahb ,,robert ,,young ,,hayne1 #agia-ahci #ahe ,state ,sovereignty and ,liberty #ahe ,,sam ,,houston1 #agic-ahfc #ahi ,cause of the ,texan ,war of ,independence #aij ,battle of ,san ,jacinto1 #ahcf #aic ,how ,to ,deal ,with the ,indians #aif ,,william ,,campbell ,,preston1 #agid-ahfj #aii ,literary ,society in ,columbia1 ,s4 ,c41 #ahbe #bja ,,john ,,pendleton ,,kennedy1 #agie-ahgj #bjd ,a ,country ,gentleman in ,virginia #bje ,his ,wife #bjg ,how ,horse-,shoe and ,andrew ,captured ,five ,men #baj ,,hugh ,,swinton ,,legar1 #agig-ahdc #bag ,commerce and ,wealth vs4 ,war #bag ,demosthenes' ,courage #bai ,a ,duke's ,opinions of ,virginia1 ,north and ,south ,carolina1 and ,georgia1 in #ahbe #bba ,,mirabeau ,,buonaparte ,,lamar1 #agih-ahei #bbc ,the ,daughter of ,mendoza #bbc ,,francis ,,lister ,,hawks1 #agih-ahff #bbd ,the ,first ,indian ,baptism in ,america #bbe ,virginia ,dare1 the ,first ,english ,child ,born in ,america #bbf ,the ,lost ,colony of ,roanoke #bbf ,,george ,,denison ,,prentice1 #ahjb-ahgj #bbh ,the ,closing ,year #bbh ,paragraphs #bca ,,edward ,,coate ,,pinkney1 #ahjb-ahbh #bca ,a ,health #bcb ,song3 ,we ,break the ,glass #bcc ,,charles ,,tienne ,,arthur ,,gayarr1 #ahje-ahie #bce ,louisiana in #agej-aggj #bcf ,the ,tree of the ,dead #bdj ,,matthew ,,fontaine ,,maury1 #ahjf-ahgc #bdc ,the ,gulf ,stream #bdf ,deep-,sea ,soundings #bdg ,heroic ,death of ,lieutenant ,herndon #bdi ,,william ,,gilmore ,,simms1 #ahjf-ahgj #beb ,sonnet--,the ,poet's ,vision #bee ,the ,doom of ,occonestoga #bee ,marion1 the ,swamp-,fox #bfb ,,robert ,,edward ,,lee1 #ahjg-ahgj #bfe ,duty--,to ,his ,son #bff ,human ,virtue--,at the ,surrender #bff ,his ,last ,order1 #ahfe #bff ,letter ,accepting the ,presidency of ,washington ,college #bfh ,,jefferson ,,davis1 #ahjh-ahhi #bfi ,trip ,to ,kentucky at ,seven ,years of ,age1 and ,visit to ,general ,jackson #bga ,life of the ,president of the ,united ,states #bgb ,farewell to the ,senate1 #ahfa #bgd ,,edgar ,,allan ,,poe1 #ahji-ahdi #bgf ,to ,helen #bgi ,israfel #bgi ,happiness #bha ,the ,raven #bha ,,robert ,,toombs1 #ahaj-ahhe #bhd ,farewell to the ,senate1 #ahfa #bhf ,,octavia ,,walton ,,le ,,vert1 #ahaj-ahgg #bhh ,to ,cadiz from ,havanna1 #ahee #bhi ,,louisa ,,susannah ,m',,cord1 #ahaj-ahhj #bia ,woman's ,duty #bib ,,joseph ,g4 ,,baldwin1 #ahaa-ahfd #bid ,virginians in a ,new ,country #bid ,,alexander ,,hamilton ,,stephens1 #ahab-ahhc #bif ,laws of ,government #big ,sketch in the ,senate1 #ahej #bih ,true ,courage #cja ,,alexander ,,beaufort ,,meek1 #ahad-ahfe #cja ,red ,eagle1 or ,weatherford #cjb ,,philip ,,pendleton ,,cooke1 #ahaf-ahej #cje ,florence ,vane #cje ,,theodore ,o',,hara1 #ahbj-ahfg #cjh ,bivouac of the ,dead #cjh ,,fourth ,,period 444 #ahej-ahie4 ,,george ,,rainsford ,,fairbanks1 #ahbj- #caa ,osceola1 ,leader of the ,seminoles #caa ,,richard ,,malcolm ,,johnston1 #ahbb- #cad ,mr4 ,hezekiah ,ellington's ,recovery #cae ,,john ,,reuben ,,thompson1 #ahbc-ahgc #cag ,ashby #cah ,music in ,camp #cai ,,jabez ,,lamar ,,monroe ,,curry1 #ahbe- #cba ,relations between ,england and ,america #cbb ,,margaret ,,junkin ,,preston1 #ahbe- #cbd ,the ,shade of the ,trees #cbd ,,charles ,,henry ,,smith1 7,,bill ,,arp71 #ahbf- #cbf ,big ,john1 on the ,cherokees #cbg ,,st4 ,,george ,h4 ,,tucker1 #ahbh-ahfc #cbi ,burning of ,jamestown in #afgf #ccj ,,george ,,william ,,bagby1 #ahbh-ahhc #ccb ,jud4 ,brownin's ,account of ,rubinstein's ,playing #ccb ,,sarah ,,anne ,,dorsey1 #ahbi-ahgi #ccf ,a ,confederate ,exile on ,his ,way to ,mexico1 #ahff #cch ,,henry ,,timrod1 #ahbi-ahfg #cda ,sonnet--,life ,ever ,seems #cdd ,english ,katie #cdd ,hymn for ,magnolia ,cemetery #cde ,,paul ,,hamilton ,,hayne1 #ahcj-ahhf #cdf ,the ,mocking-,bird 7,at ,night7 #cdh ,sonnet--,october #cdi ,a ,dream of the ,south ,wind #cdi ,,john ,,esten ,,cooke1 #ahcj-ahhf #cej ,the ,races in ,virginia1 #agfe #cea ,,zebulon ,,baird ,,vance1 #ahcj-ahid #ceh ,changes ,wrought by the ,war #cfj ,the ,country ,gentlemen #cfj ,the ,negroes #cfb ,,albert ,,pike1 #ahji-ahia #cfe ,to the ,mocking-,bird #cfe ,,william ,,tappan ,,thompson1 #ahab-ahhb #cfg ,major ,jones's ,christmas ,present #cfh ,,james ,,barron ,,hope1 #ahbg-ahhg #cgj ,the ,victory at ,yorktown #cga ,washington and ,lee #cgb ,,james ,,wood ,,davidson1 #ahbi- #cgc ,the ,beautiful and the ,poetical #cgc ,,charles ,,colcock ,,jones1 ,,jr41 #ahca-ahic #cgf ,salzburger ,settlement in ,georgia #cgf ,,mary ,,virginia ,,terhune 7,,marion ,,harland7 #cgi ,letter ,describing ,mary ,ball ,washington ,when a ,young ,girl #cha ,madam ,washington at the ,peace ,ball #cha ,,augusta ,,evans ,,wilson1 #ahce- #chc ,a ,learned and ,interesting ,conversation #chd ,,daniel ,,bedinger ,,lucas1 #ahcf- #chg ,the ,land ,where ,we ,were ,dreaming #chh ,,james ,,ryder ,,randall1 #ahci- #chi ,my ,maryland #cij ,,abram ,,joseph ,,ryan1 #ahci-ahhf #cib ,,william ,,gordon ,,mccabe1 #ahda- #cic ,dreaming in the ,trenches #cic ,,sidney ,,lanier1 #ahdb-ahha #cid ,song of the ,chattahoochee #cif ,what is ,music8 #cig ,the ,tide ,rising in the ,marshes #cig ,,james ,,lane ,,allen #cih ,sports of a ,kentucky ,school in #agie #cii ,,joel ,,chandler ,,harris1 #ahdh- #dja ,the ,tar-,baby #djc ,,robert ,,burns ,,wilson1 #ahej- #dje ,fair ,daughter of the ,sun #djf ,dedication--,a ,sonnet #djg ,,christian ,,reid1 ,,frances ,c4 ,,tiernan #djg ,ascent of ,mt4 ,mitchell1 ,n4 ,c4 #dji ,,henry ,,woodfen ,,grady1 #ahea-ahhi #dac ,the ,south before the ,war #dac ,master and ,slave #dac ,ante-bellum ,civilization #daf ,,thomas ,,nelson ,,page1 #ahec- #dai ,marse ,chan's ,last ,battle #dba ,,mary ,,noailles ,,murfree1 7,,charles ,,egbert ,,craddock7 #dbc ,the ,harnt that ,walks ,chilhowee #dbc ,,danske ,,dandridge1 #ahei- #dbi ,the ,spirit and the ,wood-,sparrow #dcj ,,am,,lie ,,rives ,,chanler1 #ahfc- #dca ,tanis #dcb ,,grace ,,king #dcg ,la ,grande ,demoiselle #dcg ,,waitman ,,barbe1 #ahfd- #dda ,sidney ,lanier #ddb ,,madison ,,cawein1 #ahfe- #ddb ,the ,whippoorwill #ddc ,,dixie #ddd ,,list ,,of ,,authors ,,and ,,works omitted for lack of space #dde ,,index4 ,,page ,a ,confederate ,exile on ,his ,way to ,mexico1 ,sarah ,a4 ,dorsey #cch ,address in ,congress1 #ahjj1 on the ,death of ,washington1 ,henry ,lee #abd ,a ,dream of the ,south ,wind1 ,paul ,h4 ,hayne #cdi ,advice to ,his ,nephew1 ,george ,washington #gf ,a ,health1 ,e4 ,c4 ,pinkney #bcb ,alamo1 ,fall of the #aib ,a ,learned and ,interesting ,conversation1 ,augusta ,e4 ,wilson #chd ,,allen1 ,,james ,,lane #cih ,anecdotes of ,alexander ,h4 ,stephens #bif1 #big ,an ,honest ,man1 ,george ,washington #gc ,ante-bellum ,civilization1 ,henry ,w4 ,grady #daf ,arber1 ,professor1 on ,john ,smith's ,writings #ce ,a ,sage ,conversation1 ,a4 ,b4 ,longstreet #ahb ,ascent of ,mt4 ,mitchell1 ,north ,carolina1 ,christian ,reid #dji ,ascent of the ,james ,river1 #afjg1 ,john ,smith #db ,ashby1 ,john ,r4 ,thompson #cah ,,audubon1 ,,john ,,james #aec ,bacon1 ,nathaniel #ccj ,,bagby1 ,,george ,,william #ccb ,,baldwin1 ,,joseph ,g4 #bid ,,barbe1 ,,waitman #dda ,battle of ,noewee1 #aggf1 ,john ,drayton #abi ,battle of ,san ,jacinto1 #ahcf1 ,sam ,houston #aic ,battle of the ,blue ,licks1 ,ky41 #aghb #djj ,battle of ,tohopeka1 or ,horse-,shoe ,bend1 ,ala4 #cjb ,bear ,hunt1 ,david ,crockett #age ,beauvoir #bgj1 #bgc ,beautiful and the ,poetical1 ,the1 ,jas4 ,wood ,davidson #cgc ,beauty is ,holiness #cie ,,benton1 ,,thomas ,,hart #aeh ,be sure you are right1 ,david ,crockett #agh ,big ,john1 on the ,cherokees1 ,bill ,arp #cbg ,,bill ,,arp 7,,charles ,,henry ,,smith7 #cbf ,bivouac of the ,dead1 ,theodore ,o',hara #cjh ,blind ,preacher1 ,william ,wirt #acb ,boone1 ,daniel #dja ,british ,treaty with the ,cherokees1 #agee1 ,david ,ramsay #aje ,burning of ,jamestown1 #afgf1 ,st4 ,george ,h4 ,tucker #ccj ,byrd1 ,evelyn #ef ,,byrd1 ,,william #ed ,,calhoun1 ,,john ,,caldwell #afa ,calhoun and the ,union #bge ,calhoun1 ,death of #cjj ,capture of ,fort ,motte1 ,henry ,lee #abj ,cause of the ,texan ,war of ,independence1 ,sam ,houston #aij ,,cawein1 ,,madison #ddb ,changes ,wrought by the ,war1 ,z4 ,b4 ,vance #cfj ,,chanler1 ,,mrs4 ,,am,,lie ,,rives #dca ,character of ,washington1 ,james ,madison #aab ,cherokees1 ,big ,john on the1 ,bill ,arp #cbg ,,clay1 ,,henry #adg ,closing ,year1 ,the1 ,george ,d4 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,,page ,captain ,john ,smith #cd ,rescue of ,captain ,smith by ,pocahontas #cf ,jamestown1 ,va4 ,the first permanent ,english settlement in ,america #ci ,storm at ,sea #dd ,sir ,walter ,raleigh #ej ,westover1 the ,home of ,william ,byrd #ee ,evelyn ,byrd #eg ,the ,chapel1 ,university of ,georgia1 ,athens #fb ,the ,tower of ,london #fi ,george ,washington #gb ,washington ,taking the ,oath of ,office #ge ,old ,st4 ,john's ,church1 ,richmond1 ,va4 #hc ,fort ,moultrie1 ,s4 ,c4 ,fort ,sumter in the ,distance #hh ,monticello1 the ,home of ,jefferson #ib ,harper's ,ferry #if ,jasper ,replacing the ,flag #ajd ,william and ,mary ,college1 ,williamsburg1 ,va4 #aad ,university of ,virginia #ada ,henry ,clay #adf ,star-,spangled ,banner and ,seal of the ,united ,states #aeb ,scene in ,louisiana #aed ,john ,caldwell ,calhoun and ,his ,home #afc ,the ,alamo1 ,san ,antonio1 ,texas #agd ,university of ,north ,carolina #ahh ,old ,plantation ,home #bjj ,state ,house1 ,columbia1 ,s4 ,c4 ,oppo4 #baa ,tulane ,university1 ,new ,orleans #bcd ,florida ,state ,agricultural ,college #bdd ,woodlands1 the ,home of ,w4 ,gilmore ,simms #bec ,general ,r4 ,e4 ,lee ,oppo4 #bfe ,washington and ,lee ,university #bfg ,beauvoir1 the ,home of ,jefferson ,davis #bgc ,robert ,toombs #bhe ,university of ,alabama #bii ,university of ,kentucky #cjg ,osceola #cab ,natural ,bridge1 ,virginia #cbe ,university of ,mississippi #ccg ,university of ,texas 7,main ,building71 ,austin #cdg ,state ,capitol of ,north ,carolina #cei ,tomb of ,mary1 the ,mother of ,washington1 ,fredericksburg1 ,va4 #chj ,general ,t4 ,j4 ,jackson 7,stonewall7 ,oppo4 #chh ,arkansas ,industrial ,university #djb ,mt4 ,mitchell1 ,n4 ,c4 ,above the ,clouds #djh ,grady ,monument1 ,atlanta1 ,ga4 #dad ,agricultural and ,mechanical ,college of ,mississippi #dbj ,university of ,tennessee1 ,knoxville #dbd ,model ,school1 ,peabody ,normal ,college #dcc ,mississippi ,industrial ,institute and ,college for ,girls ,oppo4 #ddf ,southern ,literature4 ,,first ,,period 444 #aegi-agej4 ,,john ,,smith4 #aegiafca4 ,,captain ,,john ,,smith1 the first writer of ,virginia1 was born at ,willoughby1 ,england1 and led a life of rare and extensive adventure4 ,lamenting and repenting1 he says1 to have seen so many ,christians slaughter one another1 in ,france and the ,lowlands1 he enlisted in the wars against the ,turks4 ,he was captured by them and held prisoner for a year1 but escaped and travelled all over ,europe4 ,he finally joined the expedition to colonize ,virginia1 and came over with the first settlers of ,jamestown in #afjg4 ,his life here is well known2 he remained with the colony two years4 ,he afterwards returned to ,america as ,admiral of ,new ,england1 but did not stay long4 ,he spent the remainder of his life in writing accounts of himself and his travels1 and of the colonies in ,america4 ,,works4 ,true ,relation 7#afjh74 ,map of ,virginia 7#afab74 ,description of ,new ,england 7#afaf74 ,new ,england's ,trials 7#afbj74 ,accidence for ,young ,seamen 7#afbf74 ,generall ,historie of ,virginia1 ,new ,england1 and the ,summer ,isles 7#afbd74 ,true ,travels 7#afcj74 ,advertisements for ,inexperienced ,planters of ,new ,england 7#afca74 ,illustration3 ,captain ,john ,smith4 ,captain ,smith's style is honest and hearty in tone1 picturesque1 often amusing1 never tiresome4 ,it is involved and ungrammatical at times1 but not obscure4 ,the critics have professed to find many inaccuracies of historical statement2 but the following1 from ,professor ,edward ,arber1 the editor of the ,english ,reprint of ,smith's ,works1 will acquit him of this charge3 ,inasmuch as the accuracy of some of ,captain ,smith's statements has1 in this generation1 been called in question1 it was but our duty to subject every one of the nearly forty thousand lines of this book to a most searching criticism2 scanning every assertion of fact most keenly1 and making the ,text1 by the insertion of a multitude of cross-references1 prove or disprove itself4 ,the result is perfectly satisfactory4 ,allowing for a popular style of expression1 the ,text is homogeneous2 and the nine books comprising it1 though written under very diverse circumstances1 and at intervals over the period of twenty-two years 7#afjh-afcj71 contain no material contradictions4 ,inasmuch1 therefore1 as wherever we can check ,smith1 we find him both modest and accurate1 we are led to think him so1 where no such check is possible1 as at ,nalbrits in the autumn of #afjc1 and on the ,chickahominy in the winter of #afjg-'h4 ,see ,life1 by ,simms1 by ,warner1 and by ,eggleston in ,pocahontas4 ,,rescue ,,of ,,captain ,,smith ,,by ,,pocahontas1 ,,or ,,matoaka4 7,from ,generall ,historie47 ,this extract from his ,generall ,historie is in the words of a report by eight gentlemen of the ,jamestown ,colony4 ,it is corroborated by ,captain ,smith's letter to the ,queen on the occasion of ,pocahontas' visit to ,england after her marriage to ,mr4 ,john ,rolfe4 ,matoaka1 or ,matoax1 was her real name in her tribe1 but it was considered unlucky to tell it to the ,english strangers4 ,illustration3 ,rescue of ,captain ,smith by ,pocahontas4 ,at last they brought him ,smith to ,meronocomoco1 where was ,powhatan their ,emperor4 ,here more than two hundred of those grim ,courtiers stood wondering at him1 as he had beene a monster2 till ,powhatan and his trayne had put themselues in their greatest braveries4 ,before a fire vpon a seat like a bedstead1 he sat covered with a great robe1 made of ,rarowcun skinnes1 and all the tayles hanging by4 ,on either hand did sit a young wench of #af or #ah yeares2 and along on each side the house1 two rowes of men1 and behind them as many women1 with all their heads and shoulders painted red2 many of their heads bedecked with the white downe of ,birds2 but every one with something2 and a great chayne of white beads about their necks4 ,at his entrance before the ,king1 all the people gaue a great shout4 ,the ,queene of ,appamatuck was appointed to bring him water to wash his hands1 and another brought him a bunch of feathers1 in stead of a ,towell to dry them2 having feasted him after their best barbarous manner they could1 a long consultation was held1 but the conclusion was1 two great stones were brought before ,powhatan2 then as many as could layd hands on him1 dragged him to them1 and thereon laid his head1 and being ready with their clubs1 to beate out his braines1 ,pocahontas1 the ,kings dearest daughter1 when no intreaty could prevaile1 got his head in her armes1 and laid her owne vpon his to saue him from death3 whereat the ,emperour was contented he should liue to make him hatchets1 and her bells1 beads1 and copper2 for they thought him as well of all occupations as themselues4 ,for the ,king himselfe will make his owne robes1 shooes1 bowes1 arrowes1 pots2 plant1 hunt1 or doe anything so well as the rest4 ,they say he bore a pleasant shew1 ,but sure his heart was sad4 ,for who can pleasant be1 and rest1 ,that liues in feare and dread3 ,and having life suspected1 doth ,it still suspected lead4 ,two dayes after1 ,powhatan having disguised himselfe in the most fearefullest manner he could1 caused ,captain ,smith to be brought forth to a great house in the woods1 and there vpon a mat by the fire to be left alone4 ,not long after from behinde a mat that divided the house1 was made the most dolefullest noyse he ever heard2 then ,powhatan1 more like a devill than a man1 with some two hundred more as blacke as himselfe1 came vnto him and told him now they were friends1 and presently he should goe to ,james towne1 to send him two great gunnes1 and a gryndstone1 for which he would giue him the ,country of ,capahowosick1 and for ever esteeme him as his sonne ,nantaquoud4 ,so to ,james towne with #ab guides ,powhatan sent him4 ,that night1 they quartered in the woods1 he still expecting 7as he had done all this long time of his imprisonment7 every houre to be put to one death or other2 for all their feasting4 ,but almightie ,god 7by his divine providence7 had mollified the hearts of those sterne ,barbarians with compassion4 ,the next morning betimes they came to the ,fort1 where ,smith having vsed the ,salvages with what kindnesse he could1 he shewed ,rawhunt1 ,powhatan's trusty servant1 two demi-,culverings and a millstone to carry ,powhatan2 they found them somewhat too heavie3 but when they did see him discharge them1 being loaded with stones1 among the boughs of a great tree loaded with ,isickles1 the yce and branches came so tumbling downe1 that the poore ,salvages ran away halfe dead with feare4 ,but at last we regained some conference with them1 and gaue them such toyes3 and sent to ,powhatan1 his women1 and children such presents1 as gaue them in generall full content4 ,,our ,,right ,,to ,,those ,,countries1 ,,true ,,reasons ,,for ,,plantations1 ,,rare ,,examples4 7,from ,advertisements for the ,inexperienced47 ,many good religious devout men have made it a great question1 as a matter in conscience1 by what warrant they might goe to possesse those ,countries1 which are none of theirs1 but the poore ,salvages4 ,illustration3 ,jamestown1 ,va4 ,the first permanent ,english settlement in ,america4 ,which poore curiosity will answer it selfe2 for ,god did make the world to be inhabited with mankind1 and to have his name knowne to all ,nations1 and from generation to generation3 as the people increased1 they dispersed themselves into such ,countries as they found most convenient4 ,and here in ,florida1 ,virginia1 ,new-,england1 and ,cannada1 is more land than all the people in ,christendome can manure cultivate1 and yet more to spare than all the natives of those ,countries can use and culturate4 ,and shall we here keepe such a coyle for land1 and at such great rents and rates1 when there is so much of the world uninhabited1 and as much more in other places1 and as good or rather better than any wee possesse1 were it manured and used accordingly8 ,if this be not a reason sufficient to such tender consciences2 for a copper knife and a few toyes1 as beads and hatchets1 they will sell you a whole ,countrey district2 and for a small matter1 their houses and the ground they dwell upon2 but those of the ,massachusets have resigned theirs freely4 ,now the reasons for plantations are many4 ,adam and ,eve did first begin this innocent worke to plant the earth to remaine to posterity2 but not without labour1 trouble1 and industry4 ,noah and his family began againe the second plantation1 and their seed as it still increased1 hath still planted new ,countries1 and one ,country another1 and so the world to that estate it is2 but not without much hazard1 travell1 mortalities1 discontents1 and many disasters2 had those worthy ,fathers and their memorable offspring not beene more diligent for us now in those ages1 than wee are to plant that yet unplanted for after-livers3 ,had the seed of ,abraham1 our ,saviour ,christ ,jesus and his ,apostles1 exposed themselves to no more dangers to plant the ,gospell wee so much professe1 than we2 even we our selves had at this moment beene as ,salvages1 and as miserable as the most barbarous ,salvage1 yet uncivilized4 ,the ,hebrewes1 the ,lacedemonians1 the ,goths1 ,grecians1 ,romans1 and the rest2 what was it they would not undertake to enlarge their ,territories1 inrich their subjects1 and resist their enemies8 ,those that were the founders of those great ,monarchies and their vertues1 were no silvered idle golden ,pharisees1 but industrious honest hearted ,publicans2 they regarded more provisions and necessaries for their people1 than jewels1 ease1 and delight for themselves2 riches was their servants1 not their masters2 they ruled as fathers1 not as tyrants2 their people as children1 not as slaves2 there was no disaster could discourage them2 and let none thinke they incountered not with all manner of incumbrances2 and what hath ever beene the worke of the best great ,princes of the world1 but planting of ,countries1 and civilizing barbarous and inhumane ,nations to civility and humanity2 whose eternall actions fils our histories with more honour than those that have wasted and consumed them by warres4 ,lastly1 the ,portugals and ,spaniards that first began plantations in this unknowne world of ,america till within this #adj4 yeares #adgf-afaf1 whose everlasting actions before our eyes1 will testifie our idlenesse and ingratitude to all posterity1 and neglect of our duty and religion we owe our ,god1 our ,king1 and ,countrey1 and want of charity to those poore ,salvages1 whose ,countries we challenge1 use and possesse3 except wee be but made to marre what our forefathers made2 or but only tell what they did2 or esteeme our selves too good to take the like paines where there is so much reason1 liberty1 and action offers it selfe4 ,having as much power and meanes as others1 why should ,english men despaire1 and not doe as much as any8 ,was it vertue in those ,heroes to provide that which doth maintaine us1 and basenesse in us to do the like for others to come8 ,surely no3 then seeing wee are not borne for ourselves but each to helpe other2 and our abilities are much alike at the howre of our birth and the minute of our death3 seeing our good deeds or bad1 by faith in ,christs merits1 is all wee have to carry our soules to heaven or hell3 ,seeing honour is our lives ambition1 and our ambition after death to have an honourable memory of our life2 and seeing by no meanes we would be abated of the dignitie and glory of our predecessors1 let us imitate their vertues to be worthily their successors2 or at least not hinder1 if not further1 them that would and doe their utmost and best endeavour4 ,,ascent ,,of ,,the ,,james ,,river1 #afjg4 7,from ,newes from ,virginia47 ,the two and twenty day of ,aprill or rather ,may1 #afjg1 ,captain ,newport and myself with diuers others1 to the number of twenty two persons1 set forward to discouer the ,riuer1 some fiftie or sixtie miles1 finding it in some places broader1 and in some narrower1 the ,countrie 7for the moste part7 on each side plaine high ground1 with many freshe ,springes1 the people in all places kindely intreating vs1 daunsing1 and feasting vs with strawberries1 ,mulberies1 ,bread1 ,fish1 and other their ,countrie prouisions whereof we had plenty2 for which ,captaine ,newport kindely requited their least fauors with ,bels1 ,pinnes1 ,needles1 beades1 or ,glasses1 which so contented them that his liberallitie made them follow vs from place to place1 and euer kindely to respect vs4 ,in the midway staying to refresh our selues in a little ,ile foure or five sauages came vnto vs which described vnto vs the course of the ,riuer1 and after in our iourney1 they often met vs1 trading with vs for such prouision as wee had1 and arriuing at ,arsatecke1 hee whom we supposed to bee the chiefe ,king of all the rest1 moste kindely entertained vs1 giuing vs in a guide to go with vs vp the ,riuer to ,powhatan1 of which place their great ,emperor taketh his name1 where he that they honored for ,king vsed vs kindely4 ,but to finish this discouerie1 we passed on further1 where within an ile a mile we were intercepted with great craggy stones in the midst of the riuer1 where the water falleth so rudely1 and with such a violence1 as not any boat can possibly passe1 and so broad disperseth the streame1 as there is not past fiue or sixe ,foote at a low water1 and to the shore scarce passage with a barge1 the water floweth foure foote1 and the freshes by reason of the ,rockes haue left markes of the inundations #h4 or #i4 foote3 ,the south side is plaine low ground1 and the north side high mountaines1 the rockes being of a grauelly nature1 interlaced with many vains of glistring spangles4 ,that night we returned to ,powhatan3 the next day 7being ,whitsunday after dinner7 we returned to the fals1 leauing a mariner in pawn with the ,indians for a guide of theirs1 hee that they honoured for ,king followed vs by the riuer4 ,that afternoone we trifled in looking vpon the ,rockes and riuer 7further he would not goe7 so there we erected a crosse1 and that night taking our man at ,powhatans1 ,captaine ,newport congratulated his kindenes with a ,gown and a ,hatchet3 returning to ,arsetecke1 and stayed there the next day to obserue the height latitude thereof1 and so with many signes of loue we departed4 ,illustration3 ,storm at ,sea4 ,,william ,,strachey4 ,,william ,,strachey#c was an ,english gentleman who came over to ,virginia with ,sir ,thomas ,gates in #afji1 and was secretary of the ,colony for three years4 ,their ship1 the ,sea ,venture1 was wrecked on the ,bermudas in a terrible tempest1 of which he gives the account that follows4 ,it is said to have suggested to ,shakspere the scene of the storm and hurricane in his ,tempest4 ,,works4 ,a ,true ,repertory of the ,wracke and ,redemption of ,sir ,thomas ,gates upon and from the ,islands of the ,bermudas4 ,historie of ,travaile into ,virginia ,brittania4 ,edited ,lawes ,divine1 ,morall1 and ,martiall4 ,william ,strachey's writings show a thoughtful and cultivated mind4 ,his style abounds in the long involved and often obscure sentences of his times1 but his subject matter is usually very interesting4 ,compare the following selection with ,shakspere's ,tempest1 ,act ,i41 scene #a and #b1 to ,ariel1 thy charge4 ,notice the reference to ,bermoothes 7,bermudas74 ,a ,,storm ,,off ,,the ,,bermudas4 7,from ,a ,true ,repertory of the ,wracke and ,redemption of ,sir ,thomas ,gates47 ,on ,st4 ,james his day1 ,july #bd1 being ,monday 7preparing for no less all the black night before7 the clouds gathering thick upon us1 and the winds singing and whistling most unusually1 which made us to cast off our ,pinnace1 towing the same until then asterne1 a dreadful storm and hideous began to blow from out the ,northeast1 which1 swelling and roaring as it were by fits1 some hours with more violence than others1 at length did beat all light from heaven1 which1 like an hell of darkness1 turned black upon us1 so much the more fuller of horror1 as in such cases horror and fear use to overrun the troubled and overmastered senses of all1 while 7taken up with amazement7 the ears lay so sensible to the terrible cries1 and murmurs of the winds and distraction of our ,company1 as who was most armed and best prepared1 was not a little shaken4 4 4 ,for four and twenty hours the storm1 in a restless tumult1 had blown so exceedingly1 as we could not apprehend in our imaginations any possibility of greater violence1 yet did we still find it1 not only more terrible1 but more constant1 fury added to fury1 and one storm urging a second1 more outrageous than the former1 whether it so wrought upon our fears1 or indeed met with new forces4 ,sometimes strikes in our ,ship amongst women1 and passengers not used to such hurly and discomforts1 made us look one upon the other with troubled hearts1 and panting bosoms1 our clamors drowned in the winds1 and the winds in thunder4 ,prayers might well be in the heart and lips1 but drowned in the outcries of the ,officers1--nothing heard that could give comfort1 nothing seen that might encourage hope4 4 4 4 4 ,our sails1 wound up1 lay without their use1 and if at any time we bore but a ,hollocke1 or half forecourse1 to guide her before the ,sea1 six and sometimes eight men1 were not enough to hold the whip-staffe in the steerage1 and the tiller below in the ,gunner room2 by which may be imagined the strength of the storm1 in which the ,sea swelled above the ,clouds and gave battle unto heaven4 ,it could not be said to rain1 the waters like whole ,rivers did flood in the ayre4 ,and this ,i did still observe1 that whereas upon the ,land1 when a storm hath poured itself forth once in drifts of rain1 the wind as beaten down1 and vanquished therewith1 not long after endureth1--here the glut of water 7as if throatling the wind ere while7 was no sooner a little emptied and qualified1 but instantly the winds 7as having gotten their mouths now free and at liberty7 spake more loud1 and grew more tumultuous and malignant4 ,what shall ,i say8 ,winds and ,seas were as mad as fury and rage could make them4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,howbeit this was not all2 it pleased ,god to bring a greater affliction yet upon us1 for in the beginning of the storm we had received likewise a mighty leak1 and the ship in every joint almost having spewed out her ,okam1 before we were aware 7a casualty more desperate than any other that a ,voyage by ,sea draweth with it7 was grown five feet suddenly deep with water above her ballast1 and we almost drowned within1 whilest we sat looking when to perish from above4 ,this1 imparting no less terror than danger1 ran through the whole ,ship with much fright and amazement1 startled and turned the blood1 and took down the braves of the most hardy ,mariner of them all1 insomuch as he that before happily felt not the sorrow of others1 now began to sorrow for himself1 when he saw such a pond of water so suddenly broken in1 and which he knew could not 7with present avoiding7 but instantly sink him4 4 4 4 ,once so huge a ,sea brake upon the poop and quarter1 upon us1 as it covered our ship from stern to stem1 like a garment or a vast cloud4 ,it filled her brimful for a while within1 from the hatches up to the spar deck4 4 4 ,tuesday noon till ,friday noon1 we bailed and pumped two thousand tun1 and yet1 do what we could1 when our ship held least in her 7after ,tuesday night second watch7 she bore ten feet deep1 at which stay our extreme working kept her one eight glasses1 forbearance whereof had instantly sunk us2 and it being now ,friday1 the fourth morning1 it wanted little but that there had been a general determination1 to have shut up hatches and commending our sinful souls to ,god1 committed the ship to the mercy of the sea4 ,surely that night we must have done it1 and that night had we then perished2 but see the goodness and sweet introduction of better hope by our merciful ,god given unto us4 ,sir ,george ,summers1 when no man dreamed of such happiness1 had discovered and cried1 ,land6 ,indeed1 the morning1 now three-quarters spent1 had won a little clearness from the days before1 and it being better surveyed1 the very trees were seen to move with the wind upon the shore-side4 ,,footnote3 #c ,pronounced ,strvakey4 ,,john ,,lawson4 ,died #agab4 ,,john ,,lawson was a ,scotch gentleman who came to ,america in #agjj4 ,in his own words3 ,in the year #agjj1 when people flocked from all parts of the ,christian world1 to see the solemnity of the grand jubilee at ,rome1 my intention being at that time to travel1 ,i accidentally met with a gentlemen1 who had been abroad1 and was very well acquainted with the ways of living in both ,indies2 of whom having made inquiry concerning them1 he assured me that ,carolina was the best country ,i could go to2 and1 that there then lay a ship in the ,thames in which ,i might have my passage4 ,he resided in ,carolina eight years4 ,as ,gent4 ,surveyor-,general of ,north ,carolina1 he wrote his ,history of ,north ,carolina1 which is an original1 sprightly1 and faithful account of the eastern section of the ,state1 and contains valuable matter for the subsequent historian4 ,it is dedicated to the ,lords ,proprietors of ,carolina1 and was published in #agad4 ,he was taken captive by the ,tuscarora ,indians1 while on a surveying trip1 and was by them put to death in #agab on the ,neuse ,river in ,north ,carolina1 because1 said they1 he had taken their land1 by marking it off into sections4 ,,work4 ,history of ,north ,carolina rare4 ,,north ,,carolina ,,in #agjj-agjh4 7,from ,history of ,north ,carolina1 #agad47 ,the first discovery and settlement of this country was by the procurement of ,sir ,walter ,raleigh1 in conjunction with some public spirited gentlemen of that age1 under the protection of queen ,elizabeth2 for which reason it was then named ,virginia1 being begun on that part called ,ronoak ,island1 where the ruins of a fort are to be seen at this day1 as well as some old ,english coins which have been lately found2 and a brass gun1 a powder horn1 and one small quarter-deck gun1 made of iron staves1 and hooped with the same metal2 which method of making guns might very probably be made use of in those days for the convenience of infant colonies4 4 4 4 4 4 ,i cannot forbear inserting here a pleasant story that passes for an uncontested truth amongst the inhabitants of this place2 which is1 that the ship which brought the first colonies does often appear amongst them1 under sail1 in a gallant posture1 which they call ,sir ,walter ,raleigh's ship4 ,and the truth of this has been affirmed to me by men of the best credit in the country4 ,illustration3 ,sir ,walter ,raleigh4 ,a second settlement of this country was made about fifty years ago1 in that part we now call ,albemarl county1 and chiefly in ,chuwon precinct1 by several substantial planters from ,virginia and other plantations2 who finding mild winters1 and a fertile soil beyond expectation1 producing everything that was planted to a prodigious increase2 4 4 4 4 so that everything seemed to come by nature1 the husbandman living almost void of care1 and free from those fatigues which are absolutely requisite in winter countries1 for providing fodder and other necessaries2 these encouragements induced them to stand their ground1 although but a handful of people1 seated at great distances one from another1 and amidst a vast number of ,indians of different nations1 who were then in ,carolina4 ,nevertheless1 ,i say1 the fame of this new discovered summer country spread through the neighboring colonies1 and in a few years drew a considerable number of families thereto1 who all found land enough to settle themselves in 7had they been many thousands more71 and that which was very good and commodiously seated both for profit and pleasure4 ,and1 indeed1 most of the plantations in ,carolina naturally enjoy a noble prospect of large and spacious rivers1 pleasant savannas and fine meadows1 with their green liveries interwoven with beautiful flowers of most glorious colors1 which the several seasons afford2 hedged in with pleasant groves of the ever famous tulip tree1 the stately laurels and bays1 equalizing the oak in bigness and growth1 myrtles1 jessamines1 woodbines1 honeysuckles1 and several other fragrant vines and evergreens1 whose aspiring branches shadow and interweave themselves with the loftiest timbers1 yielding a pleasant prospect1 shade and smell1 proper habitations for the sweet singing birds1 that melodiously entertain such as travel through the woods of ,carolina4 ,the ,planters possessing all these blessings1 and the produce of great quantities of wheat and indian corn1 in which this country is very fruitful1 as likewise in beef1 pork1 tallow1 hides1 deer skins1 and furs2 for these commodities the new ,england men and ,bermudians visited ,carolina in their barks and sloops1 and carried out what they made1 bringing them in exchange1 rum1 sugar1 salt1 molasses1 and some wearing apparel1 though the last at very extravagant prices4 ,as the land is very fruitful1 so are the planters kind and hospitable to all that come to visit them2 there being very few housekeepers but what live very nobly1 and give away more provisions to coasters and guests who come to see them than they expend amongst their own families4 4 4 ,the easy way of living in that plentiful country makes a great many planters very negligent1 which1 were they otherwise1 that colony might now have been in a far better condition than it is1 as to trade and other advantages1 which an universal industry would have led them into4 ,the women are the most industrious sex in that place1 and1 by their good housewifery1 make a great deal of cloth of their own cotton1 wool and flax2 some of them keeping their families1 though large1 very decently appareled1 both with linens and woolens1 so that they have no occasion to run into the merchants' debt1 or lay their money out on stores for clothing4 4 4 4 ,as for those women that do not expose themselves to the weather1 they are often very fair1 and generally as well featured as you shall see anywhere1 and have very brisk1 charming eyes which sets them off to advantage4 4 4 4 4 ,both sexes are generally spare of body and not choleric1 nor easily cast down at disappointments and losses1 seldom immoderately grieving at misfortunes1 unless for the loss of their nearest relations and friends1 which seems to make a more than ordinary impression upon them4 ,many of the women are very handy in canoes and will manage them with great dexterity and skill1 which they become accustomed to in this watery country4 ,they are ready to help their husbands in any servile work1 as planting1 when the season of the weather requires expedition2 pride seldom banishing good housewifery4 ,the girls are not bred up to the wheel and sewing only1 but the dairy and the affairs of the house they are very well acquainted withal2 so that you shall see them1 whilst very young1 manage their business with a great deal of conduct and alacrity4 ,the children of both sexes are very docile and learn any thing with a great deal of care and method1 and those that have the advantages of education write very good hands1 and prove good accountants1 which is most coveted1 and1 indeed1 most necessary in these parts4 ,the young men are commonly of a bashful1 sober behaviour2 few proving prodigals to consume what the industry of their parents has left them1 but commonly improve it4 ,,harvest ,,home ,,of ,,the ,,indians4 7,from ,history of ,north ,carolina47 ,they have a third sort of feasts and dances1 which are always when the harvest of corn is ended1 and in the spring4 ,the one to return thanks to the good spirit for the fruits of the earth2 the other1 to beg the same blessings for the succeeding year4 ,and to encourage the young men to labour stoutly in planting their maiz and pulse1 they set up a sort of idol in the field1 which is dressed up exactly like an ,indian1 having all the ,indians habit1 besides abundance of ,wampum and their money1 made of shells1 that hangs about his neck4 ,the image none of the young men dare approach2 for the old ones will not suffer them to come near him1 but tell them that he is some famous ,indian warrior that died a great while ago1 and now is come amongst them to see if they work well1 which if they do1 he will go to the good spirit and speak to him to send them plenty of corn1 and to make the young men all expert hunters and mighty warriors4 ,all this while1 the king and old men sit around the image and seemingly pay a profound respect to the same4 ,one great help to these ,indians in carrying on these cheats1 and inducing youth to do as they please1 is1 the uninterrupted silence which is ever kept and observed with all the respect and veneration imaginable4 ,at these feasts which are set out with all the magnificence their fare allows of1 the masquerades begin at night and not before4 ,there is commonly a fire made in the middle of the house1 which is the largest in the town1 and is very often the dwelling of their king or war captain2 where sit two men on the ground upon a mat2 one with a rattle1 made of a gourd1 with some beans in it2 the other with a drum made of an earthen pot1 covered with a dressed deer skin1 and one stick in his hand to beat thereon2 and so they both begin the song appointed4 ,at the same time one drums and the other rattles1 which is all the artificial music of their own making ,i ever saw amongst them4 ,to these two instruments they sing1 which carries no air with it1 but is a sort of unsavory jargon2 yet their cadences and raising of their voices are formed with that equality and exactness that1 to us ,europeans1 it seems admirable how they should continue these songs without once missing to agree1 each with the others note and tune4 ,,william ,,byrd4 #afgdagdd4 ,,william ,,byrd1 second of the name1 and the first native ,virginian writer1 was born at ,westover1 his father's estate on the ,james below ,richmond4 ,illustration3 ,westover1 ,home of ,william ,byrd4 ,the following inscription on his tomb at ,westover gives a sketch of his life and services well worth preserving3 ,here lies the ,honourable ,william ,byrd1 ,esq41 being born to one of the amplest fortunes in this country1 he was sent early to ,england for his education1 where under the care and direction of ,sir ,robert ,southwell1 and ever favoured with his particular instructions1 he made a happy proficiency in polite and various learning4 ,by the means of the same noble friend1 he was introduced to the acquaintance of many of the first persons of that age for knowledge1 wit1 virtue1 birth1 or high station1 and particularly contracted a most intimate and bosom friendship with the learned and illustrious ,charles ,boyle1 ,earl of ,orrery4 ,he was called to the bar in the ,middle ,temple1 studied for some time in the ,low ,countries1 visited the ,court of ,france1 and was chosen ,fellow of the ,royal ,society4 ,thus eminently fitted for the service and ornament of his country1 he was made receiver-general of his ,majesty's revenues here1 was then appointed public agent to the ,court and ,ministry of ,england1 being thirty-seven years a member1 at last became president1 of the ,council of this ,colony4 ,to all this were added a great elegancy of taste and life1 the well-bred gentleman1 and polite companion1 the splendid economist and prudent father of a family1 with the constant enemy of all exorbitant power1 and hearty friend to the liberties of his country4 ,nat4 ,mar4 #bh1 #afgd4 ,mort4 ,aug4 #bf1 #agdd4 ,an4 aetat4 #gj4 ,his daughter ,evelyn was famous both in ,england and ,virginia for her beauty1 wit1 and accomplishments4 ,she died at the age of thirty1 #agcg4--,see ,century ,magazine1 #ahia1 ,vol4 #bj1 p4 #afc4 ,,works4 ,westover ,manuscripts3 7#a7 ,history of the ,dividing ,line the survey to settle the line between ,virginia and ,north ,carolina1 #agbh4 7#b7 ,a ,journey to the ,land of ,eden ,north ,carolina1 of which ,charles ,eden was governor #agac-ai4 7#c7 ,a ,progress to the ,mines ,iron mines in ,virginia which ,ex-,governor ,alexander ,spotswood and others were beginning to open and work4 ,illustration3 ,evelyn ,byrd4 ,considered one of the most beautiful women in ,virginia1 or of her time4 ,,from ,,an ,,old ,,painting4 ,his writings are among the most interesting that we have1 being remarkable for their wit and culture1 a certain poetic vein1 a keen interest in nature1 a simple religious faith1 a fund of cheerful courage and good sense1 and a fine consideration for others4 ,,selecting ,,the ,,site ,,of ,,richmond ,,and ,,petersburg1 ,,sept41 #agcc4 7,from ,a ,journey to the ,land of ,eden47 ,when we got home1 we laid the foundations of two large ,citys4 ,one at ,shacco's1 to be called ,richmond1 and the other at the ,point of ,appamattuck ,river1 to be nam'd ,petersburgh4 ,these ,major ,mayo offered to lay out into ,lots without ,fee or ,reward4 ,the ,truth of it is1 these two places being the uppermost ,landing of ,james and ,appamattux ,rivers1 are naturally intended for ,marts1 where the ,traffick of the ,outer ,inhabitants must ,center4 ,thus we did not build ,castles only1 but also ,citys in the ,air4 ,a ,,visit ,,to ,,ex-,,governor ,,spotswood1 #agcb4 7,from ,a ,progress to the ,mines47 ,then ,i came into the ,main ,county ,road1 that leads from ,fredericksburgh to ,germanna1 which last place ,i reacht in ,ten ,miles more4 ,this famous ,town consists of ,colo4 ,spotswood's enchanted ,castle on one ,side of the ,street1 and a ,baker's ,dozen of ruinous ,tenements on the other1 where so many ,german ,familys had dwelt some ,years ago2 but are now remov'd ten ,miles higher1 in the ,fork of ,rappahannock1 to ,land of their ,own4 ,there had also been a ,chappel about a ,bow-,shot from the ,colonel's house1 at the ,end of an ,avenue of ,cherry ,trees1 but some pious people had lately burnt it down1 with intent to get another built nearer to their own homes4 ,here ,i arriv'd about three o clock1 and found only ,mrs4 ,spotswood at ,home1 who receiv'd her ,old acquaintance with many a gracious ,smile4 ,i was carry'd into a ,room elegantly set off with ,pier ,glasses1 the largest of which came soon after to an odd ,misfortune4 ,amongst other favourite ,animals that cheer'd this ,lady's ,solitude1 a ,brace of ,tame ,deer ran familiarly about the ,house1 and one of them came to stare at me as a ,stranger4 ,but unluckily ,spying his own ,figure in the ,glass1 he made a spring over the ,tea ,table that stood under it1 and shatter'd the ,glass to pieces1 and falling-back upon the ,tea ,table1 made a terrible ,fracas among the ,china4 ,this ,exploit was so sudden1 and accompany'd with such a ,noise1 that it surpriz'd me1 and perfectly frighten'd ,mrs4 ,spotswood4 ,but twas worth all the ,damage to shew the ,moderation and good humour with which she bore this disaster4 ,in the ,evening1 the noble ,colo4 came home from his ,mines1 who saluted me very civilly1 and ,mrs4 ,spotswood's ,sister1 ,miss ,theky1 who had been to meet him en ,cavalier1 was so kind too as to bid me welcome4 ,we talkt over a ,legend of old ,storys1 supp'd about #i1 and then prattl'd with the ,ladys1 til twas time for a ,travellour to retire4 ,in the mean time ,i observ'd my old ,friend to be very ,uxorious1 and exceedingly fond of his ,children4 ,this was so opposite to the ,maxims he us'd to preach up before he was marryed1 that ,i cou'd not forbear rubbing up the ,memory of them4 ,but he gave a very good-natur'd turn to his ,change of ,sentiments1 by alleging that whoever brings a poor ,gentlewoman into so solitary a place1 from all her ,friends and acquaintance1 wou'd be ungrateful not to use her and all that belongs to her with all possible ,tenderness4 ,we all kept ,snug in our several apartments till ,nine1 except ,miss ,theky1 who was the ,housewife of the ,family4 ,at that hour we met over a ,pot of ,coffee1 which was not quite strong enough to give us the ,palsy4 ,after ,breakfast the ,colo4 and ,i left the ,ladys to their ,domestick ,affairs1 and took a turn in the ,garden1 which has nothing beautiful but #c ,terrace ,walks that fall in ,slopes one below another4 ,i let him understand1 that besides the pleasure of paying him a ,visit1 ,i came to be instructed by so great a ,master in the ,mystery of ,making of ,iron1 wherein he had led the way1 and was the ,tubal ,cain of ,virginia4 ,he corrected me a little there1 by assuring me he was not only the first in this ,country1 but the first in ,north ,america1 who had erected a regular ,furnace4 4 4 ,that the #d ,furnaces now at work in ,virginia circulated a great ,sum of ,money for ,provisions and all other necessarys in the adjacent ,countys4 ,that they took off a great ,number of ,hands from ,planting ,tobacco1 and employ'd them in ,works that produced a large ,sum of ,money in ,england to the persons concern'd1 whereby the ,country is so much the ,richer4 ,that they are besides a considerable advantage to ,great ,britain1 because it lessens the ,quantity of ,bar ,iron imported from ,spain1 ,holland1 ,sweden1 ,denmark1 and ,muscovy1 which us'd to be no less than #bj1jjj ,tuns yearly4 4 4 ,then ,i inquired after his own ,mines1 and hoped1 as he was the first that engaged in this great undertaking1 that he had brought them to the most perfection4 4 4 ,he said it was true ,his works were of the oldest ,standing2 but that his long absence in ,england1 and the wretched ,management of ,mr4 ,greame1 whom he had entrusted with his ,affairs1 had put him back very much4 ,that what with ,neglect and ,severity1 above #hj of his ,slaves were lost while he was in ,england1 and most of his ,cattle starved4 ,that his ,furnace stood still great part of the time1 and all his ,plantations ran to ruin4 ,that indeed he was rightly serv'd for committing his ,affairs to the care of a ,mathematician1 whose thoughts were always among the ,stars4 ,that nevertheless1 since his return1 he had apply'd himself to rectify his ,steward's ,mistakes1 and bring his ,business again into ,order4 ,that now he contriv'd to do every thing with his own ,people1 except raising the ,mine and running the ,iron1 by which he had contracted his ,expence very much4 ,nay1 he believ'd that by his directions he cou'd bring sensible ,negroes to perform those parts of the work tolerably well4 4 4 ,our ,conversation on this ,subject continued till ,dinner1 which was both elegant and plentifull4 ,the afternoon was devoted to the ladys1 who shew'd me one of their most beautiful ,walks4 ,they conducted me thro' a ,shady ,lane to the ,landing1 and by the way made me drink some very fine ,water that issued from a ,marble ,fountain1 and ran incessantly4 ,just behind it was a cover'd ,bench1 where ,miss ,theky often sat and bewail'd her ,virginity4 ,then we proceeded to the ,river1 which is the ,south ,branch of ,rappahannock1 about #ej ,yards wide1 and so rapid that the ,ferry ,boat is drawn over by a ,chain1 and therefore called the ,rapidan4 ,at night we drank prosperity to all the ,colonel's ,projects in a ,bowl of ,rack ,punch1 and then retired to our ,devotions4 ,illustration3 ,the ,chapel1 ,university of ,georgia1 at ,athens4 ,erected #ahcb4 ,,dismal ,,swamp4 7,from ,the ,dividing ,line47 #agbh1 ,march4--,tis hardly credible how little the ,bordering inhabitants were acquainted with this mighty ,swamp1 notwithstanding they had liv'd their whole lives within ,smell of it4 ,yet1 as great ,strangers as they were to it1 they pretended to be very exact in their ,account of its ,demensions1 and were positive it could not be above #g or #h ,miles wide1 but knew no more of the ,matter than ,star-gazers know of the ,distance of the ,fixt ,stars4 ,at the ,same time1 they were ,simple enough to amuse our ,men with ,idle ,stories of the ,lyons1 ,panthers1 and ,alligators1 they were like to encounter in that dreadful ,place4 ,in short1 we saw plainly there was no ,intelligence of this ,terra ,incognita to be got1 but from our own ,experience4 ,for that ,reason it was resolv'd to make the requisite ,disposition to enter it next ,morning4 ,we alloted every one of the ,surveyors for this painful ,enterprise1 with #ab ,men to attend them4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,besides this ,luggage at their ,backs1 they were oblig'd to measure the distance1 mark the ,trees1 and clear the way for the ,surveyors every step they went4 ,it was really a ,pleasure to see with how much ,cheerfulness they undertook1 and with how much ,spirit they went thro' all this ,drudgery4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,altho' there was no need of ,example to inflame ,persons already so cheerful1 yet to enter the ,people with the better grace1 the ,author and two more of the ,commissioners accompanied them half a ,mile into the ,dismal4 ,the ,skirts of it were thinly ,planted with ,dwarf ,reeds and ,gall-,bushes1 but when we got into the ,dismal itself1 we found the ,reeds grew there much taller and closer1 and1 to mend the matter1 was so interlac'd with bamboe-briars1 that there was no scuffling thro' them without the help of ,pioneers4 ,at the same time1 we found the ,ground moist and trembling under our feet like a ,quagmire1 insomuch that it was an easy ,matter to run a ,ten-,foot-,pole up to the ,head in it1 without exerting any uncommon ,strength to do it4 ,two of the ,men1 whose ,burthens were the least cumbersome1 had orders to march before1 with their ,tomahawks1 and clear the way1 in order to make an ,opening for the ,surveyors4 ,by their ,assistance we made a ,shift to push the ,line half a ,mile in #c ,hours1 and then reacht a small piece of firm ,land1 about #ajj ,yards wide1 ,standing up above the rest like an ,island4 ,here the people were glad to lay down their ,loads and take a little refreshment1 while the happy man1 whose lot it was to carry the ,jugg of ,rum1 began already1 like sop's ,bread-,carriers1 to find it grow a good deal lighter4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,since the ,surveyors had enter'd the ,dismal1 they had laid ,eyes on no living ,creature3 neither ,bird nor ,beast1 ,insect nor ,reptile came in ,view4 ,doubtless1 the ,eternal ,shade that broods over this mighty ,bog1 and hinders the sun-beams from blessing the ,ground1 makes it an uncomfortable ,habitation for any thing that has life4 ,not so much as a ,zealand ,frog cou'd endure so ,aguish a ,situation4 ,it had one ,beauty1 however1 that delighted the ,eye1 tho' at the ,expense of all the other ,senses2 the ,moisture of the ,soil preserves a continual ,verdure1 and makes every ,plant an ,evergreen1 but at the same time the foul ,damps ascend without ceasing1 corrupt the ,air1 and render it unfit for ,respiration4 ,not even a ,turkey-,buzzard will venture to fly over it1 no more than the ,italian ,vultures will over the filthy ,lake ,avernus1 or the ,birds of the ,holy ,land over the ,salt ,sea1 where ,sodom and ,gomorrah formerly stood4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,how they ,slept in the ,dismal ,swamp4--,they first cover'd the ,ground with ,square ,pieces of ,cypress bark1 which now1 in the ,spring1 they cou'd easily ,slip off the ,tree for that purpose4 ,on this they ,spread their ,bedding2 but unhappily the ,weight and ,warmth of their ,bodies made the ,water rise up betwixt the ,joints of the ,bark1 to their great ,inconvenience4 ,thus they lay not only moist1 but also exceedingly cold1 because their ,fires were continually going out4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,we could get no ,tidings yet of our ,brave ,adventurers1 notwithstanding we despacht men to the likeliest ,stations to enquire after them4 ,they were still ,scuffleing in the ,mire1 and could not ,possibly forward the ,line this whole day more than one ,mile and #fd ,chains4 ,every ,step of this ,day's ,work was thro' a cedar ,bog1 where the ,trees were somewhat ,smaller and grew more into a ,thicket4 ,it was now a great ,misfortune to the ,men to find their ,provisions grow less as their ,labour grew greater4 4 4 4 ,tho' this was very severe upon ,english ,stomachs1 yet the ,people were so far from being discomfited at it1 that they still kept up their good ,humour1 and merrily told a young ,fellow in the ,company1 who lookt very ,plump and ,wholesome1 that he must expect to go first to ,pot1 if matters shou'd come to ,extremity4 ,this was only said by way of ,jest1 yet it made ,him thoughtful in earnest4 ,however1 for the present he return'd them a very civil answer1 letting them know that1 dead or alive1 he shou'd be glad to be useful to such worthy good friends4 ,but1 after all1 this ,humourous ,saying had one very good effect2 for that younker1 who before was a little enclin'd by his ,constitution to be lazy1 grew on a ,sudden ,extreamly ,industrious1 that so there might be less ,occasion to carbonade him for the good of his ,fellow-,travellers4 ,,the ,,tuscarora ,,indians ,,and ,,their ,,legend ,,of ,a ,,christ4 7,from ,history of the ,dividing ,line47 #agbi1 ,november4--,by the ,strength of our ,beef1 we made a shift to walk about #ab ,miles1 crossing ,blowing and ,tewaw-homini ,creeks4 ,and because this last ,stream receiv'd its ,appellation from the ,disaster of a ,tuscarora ,indian1 it will not be ,straggling much out of the way to say something of that ,particular ,nation4 ,these ,indians were heretofore very numerous and powerful1 making1 within time of ,memory1 at least a ,thousand ,fighting ,men4 ,their ,habitation1 before the ,war with ,carolina1 was on the ,north ,branch of ,neuse ,river1 commonly call'd ,connecta ,creek1 in a pleasant and fruitful ,country4 ,but now the few that are left of that ,nation live on the ,north ,side of ,,moratuck1 which is all that ,part of ,roanok below the great ,falls1 towards ,,albemarle ,sound4 ,formerly there were ,seven ,towns of these ,savages1 lying not far from each other1 but now their ,number is greatly reduc'd4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,these ,indians have a very odd ,tradition amongst them1 that many years ago1 their ,nation was grown so dishonest1 that no man cou'd keep any ,goods1 or so much as his loving ,wife to himself4 ,that1 however1 their ,god1 being unwilling to root them out for their crimes1 did them the honour to send a ,messenger from ,heaven to instruct them1 and set ,them a perfect ,example of ,integrity and kind ,behaviour towards one another4 ,but this holy ,person1 with all his ,eloquence and ,sanctity of ,life1 was able to make very little ,reformation amongst them4 ,some few ,old men did listen a little to his ,wholesome ,advice1 but all the ,young fellows were quite incorrigible4 ,they not only ,neglected his ,precepts1 but derided and ,evil ,entreated his ,person4 ,at last1 taking upon ,him to reprove some ,young ,rakes of the ,conechta ,clan very sharply for their impiety1 they were so provok'd at the ,freedom of his ,rebukes1 that they tied him to a ,tree1 and shot him with ,arrows through the ,heart4 ,but their ,god took instant ,vengeance on all who had a hand in that ,monstrous ,act1 by ,lightning from ,heaven1 has ever since visited their ,nation with a continued ,train of ,calamities1 nor will he ever leave off punishing1 and wasting their ,people1 till he shall have blotted every living ,soul of them out of the ,world4 ,,second ,,period 444 #agej-ahjj4 ,,henry ,,laurens4 #agbdagib4 ,,henry ,,laurens1 one of the patriot-fathers of our country1 was born in ,charleston1 ,south ,carolina4 ,he was educated in his native city1 and1 becoming a merchant1 amassed a fortune in business4 ,in #agga he travelled with his children in ,europe in order to educate them4 ,returning home he became in #agge a member of the ,provincial ,congress1 and on ,hancock's resignation1 president of the ,continental ,congress4 ,he was appointed in #aggi minister to ,holland1 and on his way was captured by the ,british and confined in the ,tower fifteen months4 ,he became acquainted with ,edmund ,burke while in ,london4 ,he was twice offered pardon if he would serve the ,british ,ministry1 but of course he declined4 ,during this imprisonment1 his son ,john1 called the ,bayard of the ,revolution for his daring bravery1 was killed in battle4 ,after his release1 being exchanged for ,lord ,cornwallis1 he was appointed one of the ministers to negotiate peace in #aghb4 ,his health was so impaired by the cruel treatment of his jailers1 that he could take no further active part in affairs1 and he passed the rest of his life in the retirement of his plantation4 ,on his death1 his body was burned1 according to his express will1 the first instance1 in this country1 of cremation4 ,his daughter ,martha married ,dr4 ,david ,ramsay1 the historian4 ,,works4 ,political ,papers some of which have been published by the ,south ,carolina ,historical ,society4 ,these are of great value in a study of the ,revolutionary times4 ,a ,,patriot ,,in ,,the ,,tower4 7,from ,narrative of his ,confinement in the ,tower47 ,illustration3 ,tower of ,london4 ,about #aa o'clock at night ,i was sent under a strong guard1 up three pair of stairs in ,scotland ,yard1 into a very small chamber4 ,two king's messengers were placed for the whole night at one door1 and a subaltern's guard of soldiers at the other4 ,as ,i was1 and had been for some days1 so ill as to be incapable of getting into or out of a carriage1 or up or down stairs1 without help1 ,i looked upon all this parade to be calculated for intimidation4 ,my spirits were good and ,i smiled inwardly4 ,the next morning1 #fth ,october1 from ,scotland ,yard1 ,i was conducted again under guard to the secretary's office1 ,white ,hall4 4 4 ,i was first asked1 by ,lord ,stormont1 ,if my name was ,henry ,laurens4 ,certainly1 my ,lord1 that is my name4 4 4 4 4 ,his ,lordship then said1 ,mr4 ,laurens1 we have a paper here 7holding the paper up71 purporting to be a commission from ,congress to you1 to borrow money in ,europe for the use of ,congress4 4 4 4 ,i replied1 ,my ,lords1 your ,lordships are in possession of the paper1 and will make such use of it as your ,lordships shall judge proper4 ,i had not destroyed this paper1 as it would serve to establish the rank and character in which ,i was employed by the ,united ,states4 4 4 4 4 ,from ,white ,hall1 ,i was conducted in a close hackney coach1 under the charge of ,colonel ,williamson1 a polite1 genteel officer1 and two of the illest-looking fellows ,i had ever seen4 ,the coach was ordered to proceed by the most private ways to the ,tower4 ,it had been rumored that a rescue would be attempted4 ,at the ,tower the ,colonel delivered me to ,major ,gore1 the residing ,governor1 who1 as ,i was afterwards well informed1 had previously concerted a plan for mortifying me4 ,he ordered rooms for me in the most conspicuous part of the ,tower 7the parade74 ,the people of the house1 particularly the mistress1 entreated the ,governor not to burthen them with a prisoner4 ,he replied1 ,it is necessary4 ,i am determined to expose him4 ,this was1 however1 a lucky determination for me4 ,the people were respectful and kindly attentive to me1 from the beginning of my confinement to the end2 and ,i contrived1 after being told of the ,governor's humane declaration1 so to garnish my windows by honeysuckles1 and a grape-vine running under them1 as to conceal myself entirely from the sight of starers1 and at the same time to have myself a full view of them4 ,governor ,gore conducted me to my apartments at a warder's house4 ,as ,i was entering the house1 ,i heard some of the people say1 ,poor old gentleman1 bowed down with infirmities4 ,he is come to lay his bones here4 ,my reflection was1 ,i shall not leave a bone with you4 ,i was very sick1 but my spirits were good1 and my mind foreboding good from the event of being a prisoner in ,london4 ,their ,lordships' orders were3 ,to confine me a close prisoner2 to be locked up every night2 to be in the custody of two wardens1 who were not to suffer me to be out of their sight one moment1 day or night2 to allow me no liberty of speaking to any person1 nor to permit any person to speak to me2 to deprive me of the use of pen and ink2 to suffer no letter to be brought to me1 nor any to go from me1 etc4 ,as an apology1 ,i presume for their first rigor1 the wardens gave me their orders to peruse4 4 4 ,and now ,i found myself a close prisoner1 indeed2 shut up in two small rooms1 which together made about twenty feet square2 a warder my constant companion2 and a fixed bayonet under my window2 not a friend to converse with1 and no prospect of a correspondence4 4 4 4 ,september #bc;d4--,for some time past ,i have been frequently and strongly tempted to make my escape from the ,tower1 assured1 ,it was the advice and desire of all my friends1 the thing might be easily effected1 the face of ,american affairs was extremely gloomy4 ,that ,i might have eighteen hours' start before ,i was missed2 time enough to reach ,margate and ,ostend2 that it was believed there would be no pursuit1 etc41 etc4 ,i had always said1 ,i hate the name of a runaway4 ,at length ,i put a stop to farther applications by saying1 ,i will not attempt an escape4 ,the gates were opened for me to enter2 they shall be opened for me to go out of the ,tower4 ,god ,almighty sent me here for some purpose4 ,i am determined to see the end of it4 ,,george ,,washington4 #agcbagii4 ,,george ,,washington',s life is so well known1 it is so simple1 so grand1 that a few words can tell it1 and yet volumes would not exhaust it4 ,his mother's remark1 ,george was always a good son1 sums up his character2 and his title1 ,father of his ,country1 sums up his life-work4 ,illustration3 ,george ,washington4 ,he was born at ,pope's ,creek1 ,westmoreland ,county1 ,virginia1 and became a surveyor1 being employed in that capacity at the early age of sixteen by ,lord ,fairfax1 governor of ,virginia4 ,he joined the ,english troops sent under ,general ,braddock against the ,french in #agef1 and his bravery and good sense in this expedition gained him great renown4 ,in #agge he was made commander-in-chief of the ,american forces against the ,english and he conducted the war of the ,revolution to a successful issue in #aghc4 ,he was the first president of the ,united ,states1 being elected in #aghi1 and again in #agic1 declining a third term in #agig4 ,he retired to private life at ,mt4 ,vernon1 his home in ,virginia4 ,here he died1 and here he lies buried1 his tomb being a shrine of pilgrimage for all his countrymen and admirers4 ,innumerable monuments rise all over our land commemorating his virtues and pointing him out as a model for the youth of ,america4 ,one of the finest is that at ,richmond1 designed by ,crawford1 an equestrian statue in bronze1 surrounded by colossal figures of ,jefferson1 ,mason1 ,patrick ,henry1 ,lewis1 ,marshall1 and ,nelson4 ,the marble statue by ,houdon in the ,capitol at ,richmond is considered the best figure of ,washington2 it was done from life in #aghh4 ,other noble memorials are the ,column at ,baltimore1 and the great obelisk at ,washington ,city1 called the ,washington ,monument1 the latter designed by ,robert ,mills1 of ,south ,carolina1 and intended originally to have a colonnade around the base containing the statues of the illustrious men of our country4 ,,works4 ,state ,papers1 ,addresses1 ,letters--#ab volumes4 ,washington's writings are like his character1 simple1 clear1 sensible1 without any pretensions to special culture or literary grace4 ,these extracts show his modesty1 his love of truth1 and his general good sense4 ,see under ,madison1 ,weems1 and ,henry ,lee4 ,,an ,,honest ,,man4 ,i hope ,i shall always possess firmness and virtue enough to maintain1 what ,i consider the most enviable of all titles1 the character of an honest man4--,moral ,maxims4 ,,how ,,to ,,answer ,,calumny4 ,to persevere in one's duty and be silent is the best answer to calumny4--,moral ,maxims4 ,,conscience4 ,labour to keep alive in your breast that little spark of celestial fire1--conscience4--,rule from the ,copy-book of ,washington when a school boy4 ,,on ,,his ,,appointment ,,as ,,commander-,,in-,,chief4 ,delivered in ,congress1 #af ,june1 #agge4 ,mr4 ,president3 ,though ,i am truly sensible of the high honor done me1 in this appointment1 yet ,i feel great distress1 from a consciousness that my abilities and military experience may not be equal to the extensive and important trust4 ,however1 as the ,congress desire it1 ,i will enter upon the momentous duty1 and exert every power ,i possess in their service1 and for the support of the glorious cause4 ,i beg they will accept my most cordial thanks for this distinguished testimony of their approbation4 ,but1 lest some unlucky event should happen1 unfavorable to my reputation1 ,i beg it may be remembered by every gentleman in the room1 that ,i1 this day1 declare with the utmost sincerity1 ,i do not think myself equal to the command ,i am honored with4 ,as to pay1 ,sir1 ,i beg leave to assure the ,congress1 that1 as no pecuniary consideration could have tempted me to accept this arduous employment1 at the expense of my domestic ease and happiness1 ,i do not wish to make any profit from it4 ,i will keep an exact account of my expenses4 ,those1 ,i doubt not1 they will discharge1 and that is all ,i desire4 ,illustration3 ,washington ,taking the ,oath of ,office4 ,a ,,military ,,dinner-,,party4 ,letter to ,dr4 ,john ,cochran1 ,west ,point1 #af ,august1 #aggi4 ,dear ,doctor3 ,i have asked ,mrs4 ,cochran and ,mrs4 ,livingston to dine with me to-morrow2 but am ,i not in honor bound to apprise them of their fare8 ,as ,i hate deception1 even where the imagination only is concerned1 ,i will4 ,it is needless to premise1 that my table is large enough to hold the ladies4 ,of this they had ocular proof yesterday4 ,to say how it is usually covered1 is rather more essential2 and this shall be the purport of my letter4 ,since our arrival at this happy spot1 we have had a ham1 sometimes a shoulder of bacon1 to grace the head of the table2 a piece of roast beef adorns the foot2 and a dish of beans1 or greens1 almost imperceptible1 decorates the centre4 ,when the cook has a mind to cut a figure1 which ,i presume will be the case to-morrow1 we have two beef-steak pies1 or dishes of crabs1 in addition1 one on each side of the centre dish1 dividing the space and reducing the distance between dish and dish to about six feet1 which without them would be near twelve feet apart4 ,of late he has had the surprising sagacity to discover1 that apples will make pies2 and it is a question1 if1 in the violence of his efforts1 we do not get one of apples1 instead of having both of beef-steaks4 ,if the ladies can put up with such entertainment1 and will submit to partake of it on plates1 once tin but now iron 7not become so by the labor of scouring71 ,i shall be happy to see them2 and am1 dear ,doctor1 yours1 etc4 ,,advice ,,to ,a ,,favorite ,,nephew4 ,from a ,letter to ,bushrod ,washington4--,newburgh1 #ae ,jan41 #aghc4 ,remember1 that it is not the mere study of the law1 but to become eminent in the profession of it1 that is to yield honor and profit4 ,the first was your choice2 let the second be your ambition4 ,dissipation is incompatible with both2 the company1 in which you will improve most1 will be least expensive to you2 and yet ,i am not such a stoic as to suppose that you will1 or to think it right that you should1 always be in company with senators and philosophers2 but of the juvenile kind let me advise you to be choice4 ,it is easy to make acquaintances1 but very difficult to shake them off1 however irksome and unprofitable they are found1 after we have once committed ourselves to them4 ,the indiscretions1 which very often they involuntarily lead one into1 prove equally distressing and disgraceful4 ,be courteous to all1 but intimate with few2 and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence4 ,true friendship is a plant of slow growth1 and must undergo and withstand the shocks of adversity before it is entitled to the appellation4 ,let your heart feel for the distresses and afflictions of every one1 and let your hand give in proportion to your purse2 remembering always the estimation of the widow's mite1 but1 that it is not every one who asketh1 that deserveth charity2 all1 however1 are worthy of the inquiry1 or the deserving may suffer4 ,do not conceive that fine clothes make fine men1 any more than fine feathers make fine birds4 ,a plain1 genteel dress is more admired1 and obtains more credit1 than lace and embroidery1 in the eyes of the judicious and sensible4 ,,passages ,,from ,,the ,,farewell ,,address ,,to ,,the ,,people ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states1 #agif4 ,union and ,liberty4--,interwoven as is the love of liberty with every ligament of your hearts1 no recommendation of mine is necessary to fortify or confirm the attachment4 ,the unity of government which constitutes you one people1 is also now dear to you4 ,it is justly so2 for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence2 the support of your tranquillity at home2 your peace abroad2 of your safety2 of your prosperity2 of that very liberty which you so highly prize4 ,but1 as it is easy to foresee1 that from different causes1 and from different quarters1 much pains will be taken1 many artifices employed1 to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth2 as this is the point in your political fortress against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively 7though often covertly and insidiously7 directed2 it is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national union to your collective and individual happiness2 that you should cherish a cordial1 habitual1 and immovable attachment to it2 accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity2 watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety2 discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can1 in any event1 be abandoned2 and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest1 or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts4 ,for this you have every inducement of sympathy and interest4 ,citizens by birth1 or choice1 of a common country1 that country has a right to concentrate your affections4 ,the name of ,american1 which belongs to you in your national capacity1 must always exalt the just pride of patriotism1 more than any appellation derived from local discriminations4 ,with slight shades of difference1 you have the same religion1 manners1 habits1 and political principles4 ,you have1 in a common cause1 fought and triumphed together2 the independence and liberty you possess1 are the work of joint counsels1 and joint efforts1 of common dangers1 sufferings1 and successes4 ,but these considerations1 however powerfully they address themselves to your sensibility1 are greatly outweighed by those which apply more immediately to your interest4 ,here1 every portion of our country finds the most commanding motives for carefully guarding and preserving the union of the whole4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,while then every part of our country thus feels an immediate and particular interest in union1 all the parts combined cannot fail to find in the united mass of means and efforts1 greater strength1 greater resource1 proportionably greater security from external danger1 a less frequent interruption of their peace by foreign nations2 and1 what is of inestimable value1 they must derive from union an exemption from those broils and wars between themselves1 which so frequently afflict neighbouring countries not tied together by the same government2 which their own rivalships alone would be sufficient to produce1 but which opposite foreign alliances1 attachments1 and intrigues1 would stimulate and imbitter4 ,hence1 likewise1 they will avoid the necessity of those overgrown military establishments1 which under any form of government are inauspicious to liberty1 and which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to republican liberty4 ,in this sense it is1 that your union ought to be considered as a main prop of your liberty1 and that the love of the one ought to endear to you the preservation of the other4 4 4 4 4 ,party ,spirit4--,i have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the ,state1 with particular references to the founding them on geographical discriminations4 ,let me now take a more comprehensive view1 and warn you in the most solemn manner1 against the baleful effects of the spirit of party generally4 ,this spirit1 unfortunately1 is inseparable from our nature1 having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind4 ,it exists under different shapes in all governments1 more or less stifled1 controlled1 or repressed2 but in those of the popular form1 it is seen in its greatest rankness1 and is truly their worst enemy4 ,the alternate domination of one faction over another1 sharpened by the spirit of revenge natural to party dissensions1 which in different ages and countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities1 is itself a frightful despotism4 ,but this leads at length to a more formal and permanent despotism4 ,the disorders and miseries which result1 gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual2 and1 sooner or later1 the chief of some prevailing faction1 more able or more fortunate than his competitors1 turns this disposition to the purposes of his own elevation on the ruins of public liberty4 ,without looking forward to an extremity of this kind 7which nevertheless ought not to be entirely out of sight71 the common and continual mischiefs of the spirit of party1 are sufficient to make it the interest and duty of a wise people to discourage and restrain it4 4 4 4 4 ,there is an opinion that parties in free countries are useful checks upon the administration of the government1 and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty4 ,this1 within certain limits1 is probably true2 and1 in governments of a monarchical cast1 patriotism may look with indulgence1 if not with favour1 upon the spirit of party4 ,but in those of the popular character1 in governments purely elective1 it is a spirit not to be encouraged4 ,from their natural tendency1 it is certain there will always be enough of that spirit for every salutary purpose4 ,and there being constant danger of excess1 the effort ought to be1 by force of public opinion1 to mitigate and assuage it4 ,a fire not to be quenched1 it demands a uniform vigilance to prevent it bursting into a flame1 lest1 instead of warming1 it should consume4 ,religion and ,morality4--,of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity1 religion and morality are indispensable supports4 ,in vain would that man claim the tribute of patriotism1 who should labour to subvert these great pillars of human happiness1 these firmest props of the duties of men and citizens4 ,the mere politician1 equally with the pious man1 ought to respect and to cherish them4 ,a volume could not trace all their connections with private and public felicity4 ,let it simply be asked1 where is the security for property1 for reputation1 for life1 if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths which are the instruments of investigation in courts of justice8 ,and let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can be maintained without religion4 ,whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined education on minds of peculiar structure1 reason and experience both forbid us to expect1 that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle4 ,it is substantially true1 that virtue or morality is a necessary spring of popular government4 ,the rule1 indeed1 extends with more or less force to every species of free government4 ,who that is a sincere friend to it can look with indifference upon attempts to shake the foundation of the fabrick8 4 4 4 4 ,observe good faith and justice towards all nations2 cultivate peace and harmony with all4 ,religion and morality enjoin this conduct2 and can it be that good policy does not equally enjoin it8 ,it will be worthy of a free1 enlightened1 and1 at no distant period1 a great nation1 to give to mankind the magnanimous and too novel example of a people always guided by an exalted justice and benevolence4 ,who can doubt but1 in the course of time and things1 the fruits of such a plan would richly repay any temporary advantages which might be lost by a steady adherence to it2 can it be that ,providence has not connected the permanent felicity of a nation with its virtue8 ,the experiment1 at least1 is recommended by every sentiment which ennobles human nature4 ,,patrick ,,henry4 #agcfagii4 ,this great orator was born at ,studley1 ,hanover ,county1 ,virginia2 and1 while his early education in books was not extensive1 he studied man and nature from life very deeply and thoroughly4 ,he attempted farming and merchandising for some years1 then read law and at the age of twenty-four was admitted to the bar where his splendid powers had full scope4 ,in #agfe he was elected to the ,state ,legislature1 or ,house of ,burgesses1 as it was then called4 ,in the words of ,thomas ,jefferson1 ,mr4 ,henry certainly gave the first impulse to the ball of the ,revolution4 ,during the war1 he served at first in the field1 and later in the ,legislature1 and as governor1 being elected three times4 ,he retired from public life in #agia and devoted himself to his law practice1 by which he gained wealth4 ,illustration3 ,old ,st4 ,john's ,church1 ,richmond1 ,va4 ,his most famous speech was delivered before the ,convention sitting in council in the old ,st4 ,john's ,church1 ,richmond1 #agge1 after the ,house of ,burgesses had been dissolved by the royal governor4 ,an extract from this speech1 as given in ,wirt's ,life of ,henry1 follows4 ,no faithfully exact copy of his speeches is preserved1 for he never wrote them out1 and his eloquence was so overmastering that no one could listen and report at the same time4 ,he takes his place among the great orators of the world4 ,,works4 ,speeches1 legal and political1 7as they have been gathered from traditionary reports74 ,see his ,life by ,wirt1 ,tyler1 and ,w4 ,w4 ,henry1 his grandson4 ,,remark ,,on ,,slavery4 ,slavery is detested4 ,we feel its fatal effects4 ,we deplore it with all the pity of humanity4 ,,not ,,bound ,,by ,,state ,,lines1 7from the opening speech of the first ,continental ,congress1 #aggd47 ,i am not a ,virginian4 ,i am an ,american4 ,,if ,,this ,,be ,,treason1 7,speech in ,house of ,burgesses1 #agfe47 ,csar had his ,brutus--,charles the ,first1 his ,cromwell1--and ,george the ,third--7,treason6 cried the ,speaker7--may profit by their example4 ,if this be treason1 make the most of it4 ,,the ,,famous ,,revolution ,,speech1 #agge4 7,from ,wirt's ,life of ,henry47 ,mr4 ,president1 said he1 it is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope4 ,we are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth--and listen to the song of that siren1 till she transforms us into beasts4 ,is this1 he asked1 the part of wise men1 engaged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty8 ,were we disposed to be of the number of those1 who having eyes see not1 and having ears hear not1 the things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation8 ,for his part1 whatever anguish of spirit it might cost1 he was willing to know the whole truth2 to know the worst1 and provide for it4 ,he had1 he said1 but one lamp by which his feet were guided2 and that was the lamp of experience4 ,he knew of no way of judging of the future but by the past4 ,and judging by the past1 he wished to know what there had been in the conduct of the ,british ministry for the last ten years1 to justify those hopes with which gentlemen had been pleased to solace themselves and the house8 ,is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been lately received8 ,trust it not1 sir2 it will prove a snare to your feet4 ,suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss4 ,ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our petition comports with those warlike preparations which cover our waters and darken our land4 ,are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation8 ,have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled1 that force must be called in to win back our love8 ,let us not deceive ourselves1 sir4 ,these are the implements of war and subjugation1--the last arguments to which kings resort4 ,i ask gentlemen1 sir1 what means this martial array1 if its purpose be not to force us to submission8 ,can gentlemen assign any other possible motive for it8 ,has ,great ,britain any enemy in this quarter of the world1 to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies8 ,no1 sir1 she has none4 ,they are meant for us2 they can be meant for no other4 ,they are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the ,british ministry have been so long forging4 ,and what have we to oppose to them8 ,shall we try argument8 ,sir1 we have been trying that for the last ten years4 ,have we anything new to offer upon the subject8 ,nothing4 ,we have held the subject up in every light of which it is capable2 but it has been all in vain4 ,shall we resort to entreaty and humble supplication8 ,what terms shall we find1 which have not been already exhausted8 ,let us not1 ,i beseech you1 sir1 deceive ourselves longer4 ,sir1 we have done everything that could be done1 to avert the storm which is now coming on4 ,we have petitioned--we have remonstrated--we have supplicated--we have prostrated ourselves before the throne1 and have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and parliament4 ,our petitions have been slighted2 our remonstrances have produced additional violence and insult2 our supplications have been disregarded2 and we have been spurned1 with contempt1 from the foot of the throne4 ,in vain1 after these things1 may we indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation4 ,there is no longer any room for hope4 ,if we wish to be free--if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long contending--if we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged1 and which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon1 until the glorious object of our contest shall be obtained--we must fight6--,i repeat it1 sir1 we must fight6 ,an appeal to arms and to the ,god of hosts1 is all that is left us6 ,they tell us1 sir1 continued ,mr4 ,henry1 that we are weak--unable to cope with so formidable an adversary4 ,but when shall we be stronger8 ,will it be the next week or the next year8 ,will it be when we are totally disarmed and when a ,british guard shall be stationed in every house8 ,shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction8 ,shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs1 and hugging the delusive phantom of hope1 until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot8 ,sir1 we are not weak1 if we make a proper use of those means which the ,god of nature hath placed in our power4 ,three millions of people armed in the holy cause of liberty and in such a country as that which we possess1 are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us4 ,besides1 sir1 we shall not fight our battles alone4 ,there is a just ,god who presides over the destinies of nations and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us4 ,the battle1 sir1 is not to the strong alone2 it is to the vigilant1 the active1 the brave4 ,besides1 sir1 we have no election4 ,if we were base enough to desire it1 it is now too late to retire from the contest4 ,there is no retreat but in submission and slavery6 ,our chains are forged4 ,their clanking may be heard on the plains of ,boston6 ,the war is inevitable--and let it come66 ,i repeat it1 sir1 let it come666 ,it is in vain1 sir1 to extenuate the matter4 ,gentlemen may cry1 peace1 peace1--but there is no peace4 ,the war is actually begun6 ,the next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms6 ,our brethren are already in the field6 ,why stand we here idle8 ,what is it that gentlemen wish8 ,what would they have8 ,is life so dear1 or peace so sweet1 as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery8 ,forbid it1 ,almighty ,god--,i know not what course others may take2 but as for me1 cried he1 with both his arms extended aloft1 his brows knit1 every feature marked with the resolute purpose of his soul1 and his voice swelled to its boldest note of exclamation1--give me liberty1 or give me death6 ,see also under ,wirt4 ,,william ,,henry ,,drayton4 #agdbaggi4 ,illustration3 ,fort ,moultrie1 ,s4 ,c4 ,fort ,sumter in the ,distance4 ,,william ,,henry ,,drayton was born at ,drayton ,hall1 on the ,ashley ,river1 ,south ,carolina1 and was sent in #agec to ,england to be educated4 ,he went in the care of ,chief-,justice ,charles ,pinckney1 who was taking his two sons1 ,charles ,cotesworth and ,thomas1 for the same purpose4 ,he returned home in #agfd1 studied law1 and in #agga was appointed by the king privy-councillor for ,south ,carolina4 ,he espoused1 however1 the cause of the ,revolution1 with ardor1 and was chosen president of the ,council of ,safety and of the ,provincial ,congress4 ,as ,chief-,justice of the ,state1 he declared that the king had abdicated the government and had no more authority over the people of ,south ,carolina4 ,he also dealt with the ,indians and exercised a wholesome influence over them in behalf of the ,state4 ,he left in manuscript valuable state papers and a narrative of the early part of the ,revolution1 which his son1 ,governor ,john ,drayton1 edited and published1 and from which the extract is taken4 ,his style is clear1 simple1 and flowing4 ,,george ,,iii4's ,,abdication ,,of ,,power ,,in ,,america4 ,from the ,charge to the ,grand ,jury of ,charleston ,district1 #aggf4 ,thus1 as ,i have on the foot of the best authorities made it evident1 that ,george ,,iii4 ,king of ,britain1 has endeavoured to subvert the constitution of this country1 by breaking the original contract between king and people2 by the advice of wicked persons has violated the fundamental laws2 and has withdrawn himself by withdrawing the constitutional benefits of the kingly office1 and his protection out of this country2 from such a result of injuries1 from such a conjuncture of circumstances--the law of the land authorizes me to declare1 and it is my duty boldly to declare the law1 that ,george ,,iii4 ,king of ,britain1 has abdicated the government1 and that the throne is thereby vacant2 that is1 he has no authority over us1 and we owe no obedience to him4 4 4 ,the new constitution is wisely adapted to enable us to trade with foreign nations1 and thereby1 to supply our wants in the cheapest markets in the universe2 to extend our trade infinitely beyond what it has ever been known2 to encourage manufactures among us2 and it is peculiarly formed1 to promote the happiness of the people1 from among whom1 by virtue and merit1 the poorest man may arrive at the highest dignity4--,oh1 ,carolinians6 happy would you be under this new constitution1 if you knew your happy state4 ,possessed of a constitution of government1 founded upon so generous1 equal1 and natural a principle1--a government expressly calculated to make the people rich1 powerful1 virtuous1 and happy1 who can wish to change it1 to return under a ,royal government2 the vital principles of which1 are the reverse in every particular6 ,it was my duty to lay this happy constitution before you1 in its genuine light--it is your duty to understand--to instruct others--and to defend it4 4 4 4 4 ,i think it my duty to declare in the awful seat of justice and before ,almighty ,god1 that in my opinion1 the ,americans can have no safety but by the ,divine ,favour1 their own virtue1 and their being so prudent1 as not to leave it in the power of the ,british rulers to injure them4 ,indeed the ruinous and deadly injuries received on our side2 and the jealousies entertained1 and which1 in the nature of things1 must daily increase against us on the other2 demonstrate to a mind1 in the least given to reflection upon the rise and fall of empires1 that true reconcilement never can exist between ,great ,britain and ,america1 the latter being in subjection to the former4 ,the ,almighty created ,america to be independent of ,britain2 let us beware of the impiety of being backward to act as instruments in the ,almighty ,hand1 now extended to accomplish his purpose2 and by the completion of which alone1 ,america1 in the nature of human affairs1 can be secure against the craft and insidious designs of her enemies who think her prosperity and power already by far too great4 ,in a word1 our piety and political safety are so blended1 that to refuse our labours in this divine work1 is to refuse to be a great1 a free1 a pious1 and a happy people6 ,and now having left the important alternative1 political happiness or wretchedness1 under ,god1 in a great degree in your own hands2 ,i pray the supreme ,arbiter of the affairs of men1 so to direct your judgment1 as that you may act agreeable to what seems to be his will1 revealed in his miraculous works in behalf of ,america1 bleeding at the altar of liberty6 ,,thomas ,,jefferson4 #agdcahbf4 ,,thomas ,,jefferson1 the ,sage of ,monticello1 and founder of the ,university of ,virginia1 was born at ,shadwell1 ,albemarle ,county1 ,virginia4 ,he was educated at ,william and ,mary ,college1 and early developed a rare taste for study1 music1 and general culture4 ,his is one of the greatest and most interesting figures in our history4 ,he received and adorned all the positions in the gift of his fellow-citizens1 from that of member of the ,state ,legislature to that of ,president of the ,united ,states1 which office he twice filled4 ,he is considered the founder of the present ,democratic party in politics2 and he gained imperishable fame as the author of the ,declaration of ,independence4 ,he spent five years in ,france1 succeeding ,benjamin ,franklin as minister to that country1 and he introduced into the ,united ,states the decimal system of currency4 ,illustration3 ,monticello1 the ,home of ,thomas ,jefferson1 ,albemarle ,county1 ,va4 ,his love for country life induced him to retire to ,monticello1 his place in ,albemarle ,county1 where he spent his declining years in planning and establishing the ,university of ,virginia4 ,his love of freedom in every possible form is shown in his plan for the ,university1 which was1 unlike most colleges of the times1 to be under the patronage of no church1 and the students were to be controlled like any community of citizens4 ,he was also opposed to slavery4 7,see his ,notes on ,virginia47 ,he died at ,monticello1 ,july #d1 #ahbf1 on the same day with ,john ,adams1 just fifty years after the great event of their lives1 the declaration of independence of the ,united ,states4 ,the following inscription was at his own request put upon his tombstone3 ,,thomas ,,jefferson1 ,author of the ,declaration of ,independence1 of the ,statute of ,virginia for ,religious ,freedom and ,father of the ,university of ,virginia4 ,,works4 ,autobiography1 ,essays1 ,treatises1 ,letters1 ,reports1 ,messages1 and ,addresses1 7#i volumes74 ,jefferson's style as a political writer is considered a model3 and every citizen of the ,united ,states should be well acquainted with the ,declaration of ,independence1 which has been called by competent critics the most remarkable paper of its kind in existence4 ,his writings show a well trained mind1 accustomed to observe closely and to delight in thought and truth and freedom4 ,see under ,george ,tucker4 ,consult also his ,life1 by ,tucker1 by ,morse1 by ,sarah ,n4 ,randolph1 his great-grand-daughter1 ,memoirs by ,thos4 ,j4 ,randolph 7#ahcj74 ,,political ,,maxims4 ,government has nothing to do with opinion4 ,resistance to tyrants is obedience to ,god4 7,motto on his seal47 ,equal and exact justice to all men1 of whatever state or persuasion1 religious or political2 peace1 commerce1 and honest friendship with all nations1 entangling alliances with none4 ,,religious ,,opinions ,,at ,,the ,,age ,,of ,,twenty4 7,from a letter to ,john ,page47 ,perfect happiness1 ,i believe1 was never intended by the ,deity to be the lot of one of his creatures in this world2 but that he has very much put in our power the nearness of our approaches to it1 is what ,i have steadfastly believed4 ,the most fortunate of us1 in our journey through life1 frequently meet with calamities and misfortunes1 which may greatly afflict us2 and1 to fortify our minds against the attacks of these calamities and misfortunes1 should be one of the principal studies and endeavors of our lives4 ,the only method of doing this is to assume a perfect resignation to the ,divine will1 to consider whatever does happen must happen2 and that by our uneasiness1 we cannot prevent the blow before it does fall1 but we may add to its force after it has fallen4 ,these considerations1 and others such as these1 may enable us in some measure to surmount the difficulties thrown in our way2 to bear up with a tolerable degree of patience under this burthen of life2 and to proceed with a pious and unshaken resignation1 till we arrive at our journey's end1 when we may deliver up our trust into the hands of him who gave it1 and receive such reward as to him shall seem proportioned to our merit4 ,such1 dear ,page1 will be the language of the man who considers his situation in this life1 and such should be the language of every man who would wish to render that situation as easy as the nature of it will admit4 ,few things will disturb him at all2 nothing will disturb him much4 ,,scenery ,,at ,,harper',s ,,ferry ,,and ,,at ,,the ,,natural ,,bridge4 7,from ,notes on ,virginia1 written in #agha1 published in #ahja47 ,illustration3 ,harper's ,ferry4 ,the passage of the ,patowmac through the ,blue ,ridge is perhaps one of the most stupendous scenes in nature4 ,you stand on a very high point of land4 ,on your right comes up the ,shenandoah1 having ranged along the foot of the mountain an hundred miles to seek a vent4 ,on your left approaches the ,patowmac1 in quest of a passage also4 ,in the moment of their junction they rush together against the mountain1 rend it asunder1 and pass off to the sea4 ,the first glance of this scene hurries our senses into the opinion1 that this earth has been created in time1 that the mountains were formed first1 that the rivers began to flow afterwards1 that in this place particularly they have been damned up by the ,blue ridge of mountains1 and have formed an ocean which filled the whole valley2 that continuing to rise they have at length broken over at this spot1 and have torn the mountain down from its summit to its base4 ,the piles of rock on each hand1 but particularly on the ,shenandoah1 the evident marks of their disrupture and avulsion from their beds by the most powerful agents of nature1 corroborate the impression4 ,but the distant finishing which nature has given to the picture1 is of a very different character4 ,it is a true contrast to the foreground4 ,it is as placid and delightful1 as that is wild and tremendous4 ,for the mountain being cloven asunder1 she presents to your eye1 through the cleft1 a small catch of smoothe blue horizon1 at an infinite distance in the plain country1 inviting you1 as it were1 from the riot and tumult roaring around1 to pass through the breach and participate of the calm below4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,the ,natural ,bridge1 the most sublime of nature's works1 4 4 4 is on the ascent of a hill1 which seems to have been cloven through its length by some great convulsion4 ,the fissure1 just at the bridge1 is1 by some admeasurements1 #bgj feet deep1 by others only #bje4 ,it is about #de feet wide at the bottom1 and #ij feet at the top2 this of course determines the length of the bridge1 and its height from the water4 ,its breadth in the middle1 is about #fj feet1 but more at the ends1 and the thickness of the mass1 at the summit of the arch1 about #dj feet4 ,a part of this thickness is constituted by a coat of earth1 which gives growth to many large trees4 ,the residue1 with the hill on both sides1 is one solid rock of lime-stone4 ,the arch approaches the semi-elliptical form2 but the larger axis of the ellipsis1 which would be the cord of the arch1 is many times longer than the transverse4 ,though the sides of this bridge are provided in some parts with a parapet of fixed rocks1 yet few men have the resolution to walk to them1 and look over into the abyss4 ,you involuntarily fall on your hands and feet1 creep to the parapet1 and peep over it4 ,looking down from this height about a minute1 gave me a violent head-ach4 ,if the view from the top be painful and intolerable1 that from below is delightful in an equal extreme4 ,it is impossible for the emotions arising from the sublime1 to be felt beyond what they are here3 so beautiful an arch1 so elevated1 so light1 and springing as it were up to heaven6 the rapture of the spectator is really indescribable6 ,the fissure continuing narrow1 deep1 and straight1 for a considerable distance above and below the bridge1 opens a short but very pleasing view of the ,north mountain on one side1 and ,blue ridge on the other1 at the distance each of them of about five miles4 ,this bridge is in the county of ,rockbridge1 to which it has given name1 and affords a public and commodious passage over a valley1 which cannot be crossed elsewhere for a considerable distance4 ,the stream passing under it is called ,cedar-creek4 ,,on ,,freedom ,,of ,,religious ,,opinion4 ,compulsion makes hypocrites1 not converts4 ,it is error alone that needs the support of government3 truth can stand by itself4 ,,on ,,the ,,discourses ,,of ,,christ4 ,such are the fragments remaining to us to show a master-workman1 and that his system of morality was the most benevolent and sublime that has ever been taught1 and consequently more perfect than those of any of the ancient philosophy4 ,,religious ,,freedom4 7,from an ,act ,passed in the ,assembly of ,virginia1 #aghf47 ,well aware that ,almighty ,god hath created the mind free2 that all attempts to influence it by temporal punishments or burdens1 or by civil incapacitations1 tend only to beget habits of hypocrisy and meanness1 and are a departure from the plan of the ,holy ,author of our religion1 who being ,lord both of body and mind1 yet chose not to propagate it by coercions on either1 as was in his ,almighty power to do2 that the impious presumption of legislators and rulers1 civil as well as ecclesiastical1 who1 being themselves but fallible and uninspired men1 have assumed dominion over the faith of others1 setting up their own opinions and modes of thinking as the only true and infallible1 and as such endeavouring to impose them on others1 hath established and maintained false religions over the greatest part of the world1 and through all time2 that to compel a man to furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he disbelieves1 is sinful and tyrannical2 4 4 4 that to suffer the civil magistrate to intrude his powers into the field of opinion and to restrain the profession or propagation of principles1 on the supposition of their ill tendency1 is a dangerous fallacy1 which at once destroys all religious liberty1 because he being of course judge of that tendency1 will make his opinions the rule of judgment1 and approve or condemn the sentiments of others only as they shall square with or differ from his own2 that it is time enough for the rightful purposes of civil government1 for its officers to interfere when principles break out into overt acts against peace and good order2 and finally1 that truth is great and will prevail if left to herself1 that she is the proper and sufficient antagonist to error1 and has nothing to fear from the conflict1 unless by human interposition disarmed of her natural weapons1 free argument and debate1 errors ceasing to be dangerous when it is permitted freely to contradict them3 ,be it therefore enacted by the ,general ,assembly1 ,that no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship1 place or ministry whatsoever1 nor shall be enforced1 restrained1 molested1 or burthened in his body or goods1 nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief2 but that all men shall be free to profess1 and by argument to maintain1 their opinions in matters of religion and that the same shall in no wise diminish1 enlarge1 or affect their civil capacities4 ,,letter ,,to ,,his ,,daughter1 ,,martha ,,jefferson4 7,written in ,france1 ,may #ba1 #aghg47 ,i write you1 my dear ,patsy1 from the canal of ,languedoc1 on which ,i am at present sailing1 as ,i have been for a week past1--cloudless skies above1 limpid waters below1 and on each hand1 a row of nightingales in full chorus4 ,this delightful bird had given me a rich treat before1 at the fountain of ,vaucluse4 ,after visiting the tomb of ,laura1 at ,avignon1 ,i went to see this fountain--a noble one of itself1 and rendered forever famous by the songs of ,petrarch1 who lived near it4 ,i arrived there somewhat fatigued1 and sat down by the fountain to repose myself4 ,it gushes1 of the size of a river1 from a secluded valley of the mountain1 the ruins of ,petrarch's chteau being perched on a rock two hundred feet perpendicular above4 ,to add to the enchantment of the scene1 every tree and bush was filled with nightingales in full song4 ,i think you told me that you had not yet noticed this bird4 ,as you have trees in the garden of the ,convent in ,paris1 where ,martha was at school1 there might be nightingales in them1 and this is the season of their song4 ,endeavor1 my dear1 to make yourself acquainted with the music of this bird1 that when you return to your own country you may be able to estimate its merit in comparison with that of the mocking-bird4 ,the latter has the advantage of singing through a great part of the year1 whereas the nightingale sings but about five or six weeks in the spring1 and a still shorter term1 and with a more feeble voice1 in the fall4 ,i expect to be in ,paris about the middle of next month4 ,by that time we may begin to expect our dear ,polly the younger daughter1 ,maria ,it will be a circumstance of inexpressible comfort to me to have you both with me once more4 ,the object most interesting to me for the residue of my life1 will be to see you both developing daily those principles of virtue and goodness which will make you valuable to others and happy in yourselves1 and acquiring those talents and that degree of science which will guard you at all times against ennui1 the most dangerous poison of life4 ,a mind always employed is always happy4 ,this is the true secret1 the grand recipe1 for felicity4 ,the idle are the only wretched4 ,in a world which furnishes so many employments which are useful1 and so many which are amusing1 it is our own fault if we ever know what ennui is1 or if we are ever driven to the miserable resource of gaming1 which corrupts our dispositions1 and teaches us a habit of hostility against all mankind4 ,we are now entering the port of ,toulouse1 where ,i quit my bark1 and of course must conclude my letter4 ,be good and be industrious1 and you will be what ,i shall most love in the world4 ,adieu1 my dear child4 ,yours affectionately1 ,,th4 ,,jefferson4 ,,jefferson',s ,,last ,,letter1 ,,in ,,answer ,,to ,,an ,,invitation ,,to ,,be ,,present ,,at ,,the ,,celebration ,,of ,,the ,,fiftieth ,,anniversary ,,of ,,american ,,independence1 ,,in ,,washington4--,,to ,,mr4 ,,weightman1 ,,mayor ,,of ,,washington4 ,,monticello1 ,june #bd1 #ahbf4 ,respected ,sir3 ,the kind invitation received from you1 on the part of the citizens of the city of ,washington1 to be present with them at their celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of ,american ,independence1 as one of the surviving signers of an instrument pregnant with our own1 and the fate of the world1 is most flattering to myself1 and heightened by the honorable accompaniment proposed for the comfort of such a journey4 ,it adds sensibly to the sufferings of sickness1 to be deprived by it of a personal participation in the rejoicing of that day4 ,but acquiescence is a duty1 under circumstances not placed among those we are permitted to control4 ,i should1 indeed1 with peculiar delight1 have met and exchanged there congratulations personally with the small band1 the remnant of that host of worthies1 who joined with us on that day1 in the bold and doubtful election we were to make for our country1 between submission or the sword2 and to have enjoyed with them the consolatory fact1 that our fellow-citizens1 after half a century of experience and prosperity1 continue to approve the choice we made4 ,may it be to the world1 what ,i believe it will be 7to some parts sooner1 to others later1 but finally to all71 the signal of arousing men to burst the chains under which monkish ignorance and superstition had persuaded them to bind themselves1 and to assume the blessings and security of self-government4 ,that form which we have substituted1 restores the free right to the unbounded exercise of reason and freedom of opinion4 ,all eyes are opened1 or opening1 to the rights of man4 ,the general spread of the light of science has already laid open to every view the palpable truth1 that the mass of mankind has not been born with saddles on their backs1 nor a favored few booted and spurred1 ready to ride them legitimately1 by the grace of ,god4 ,these are grounds of hope for others4 ,for ourselves1 let the annual return of this day1 forever refresh our recollections of these rights1 and an undiminished devotion to them4 ,i will ask permission here to express the pleasure with which ,i should have met my ancient neighbors of the city of ,washington and its vicinities1 with whom ,i passed so many years of a pleasing social intercourse2 an intercourse which so much relieved the anxieties of the public cares1 and left impressions so deeply engraved in my affections as never to be forgotten4 ,with my regret that ill health forbids me the gratification of an acceptance1 be pleased to receive for yourself1 and those for whom you write1 the assurance of my highest respect and friendly attachments4 ,,th4 ,,jefferson4 ,,david ,,ramsay4 #agdiahae4 ,,david ,,ramsay was a native of ,lancaster ,county1 ,pennsylvania1 was educated at ,princeton1 studied medicine at the ,university of ,pennsylvania1 and removed to ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c41 for the practice of his profession4 ,he soon acquired celebrity both as a physician and as a patriot in the ,revolutionary struggles4 ,he was a member of the ,council of ,safety and a surgeon in the army4 ,he was one of the forty prominent citizens who were sent as hostages to ,st4 ,augustine at the capture of ,charleston in #aghj and kept for eleven months in close confinement4 ,his death was caused by wounds received from a maniac1 who shot him in the street for testifying as to his mental unsoundness4 ,his second wife was ,martha ,laurens1 daughter of ,henry ,laurens1 who had spent ten years in ,europe and who was always active in intellectual and benevolent pursuits4 ,she assisted her husband in his writing and prepared her sons for college4 ,two of their daughters long had an excellent and celebrated school for girls in ,charleston4 ,,works4 ,orations2 ,medical ,essays4 ,history of ,south ,carolina4 ,life of ,washington4 ,memoir of ,martha ,l4 ,ramsay4 ,universal ,history ,americanized 7#ab volumes47 ,illustration3 ,jasper ,replacing the ,flag4 ,dr4 ,ramsay holds a high place as a historian1 being characterized by impartiality1 a fine memory1 a clear simple style1 and a personal knowledge of many of the persons and events he describes4 ,,sermon ,,on ,,tea1 7#agge74 ,touch not1 taste not1 handle not4 ,,british ,,treaty ,,with ,,the ,,cherokees1 #agee4 7,from ,history of ,south ,carolina47 ,in the course of eighty years1 or about the middle of the eighteenth century1 the most valuable lands in the low country were taken up3 and settlements were gradually progressing westwardly on favorite spots in the middle and upper country4 ,the extinction of ,indian claims by a cession of territory to the king1 was necessary to the safety of the advancing settlers4 ,this was obtained in #agee4 ,in that year1 ,governor ,glen met the ,cherokee warriors in their own country1 and held a treaty with them4 ,after the usual ceremonies were ended1 the governor made a speech to the assembled warriors in the name of his king2 representing his great power1 wealth1 and goodness1 and his particular regard for his children1 the ,cherokees4 ,he reminded them of the happiness they had long enjoyed by living under his protection1 and added1 that he had many presents to make them and expected they would surrender a share of their territories in return4 ,he informed them of the wicked designs of the ,french1 and hoped they would permit none of them to enter their towns4 ,he demanded lands to build two forts in their country1 to protect them against their enemies1 and to be a retreat to their friends and allies1 who furnished them with arms1 ammunition1 hatchets1 clothes1 and everything that they wanted4 ,when the governor had finished his speech1 ,chulochcullak arose1 and in answer spoke to the following effect3 ,what ,i now speak1 our father the great king should hear4 ,we are brothers to the people of ,carolina1 one house covers us all4 ,then taking a boy by the hand1 he presented him to the governor1 saying1 ,we1 our wives1 and our children1 are all children of the great king ,george2 ,i have brought this child1 that when he grows up he may remember our agreement on this day1 and tell it to the next generation1 that it may be known forever4 ,then opening his bag of earth1 and laying the same at the governor's feet1 he said3 ,we freely surrender a part of our lands to the great king4 ,the ,french want our possessions1 but we will defend them while one of our nation shall remain alive4 ,then delivering the governor a string of wampum1 in confirmation of what he said1 he added3 ,my speech is at an end--it is the voice of the ,cherokee nation4 ,i hope the governor will send it to the king1 that it may be kept forever4 ,,sergeant ,,jasper ,,at ,,fort ,,moultrie1 #bhth ,june1 #aggf4 7,from the ,history of ,south ,carolina47 ,the loss of the garrison was ten men killed and twenty-two wounded4 ,lieutenants ,hall and ,gray were among the latter4 ,though there were many thousand shots fired from the shipping1 yet the works were little damaged3 those which struck the fort were ineffectually buried in its soft wood4 ,hardly a hut or tree on the island escaped4 ,when the ,british appeared off the coast1 there was so scanty a stock of lead1 that to supply the musketry with bullets1 it became necessary to strip the windows of the dwelling-houses in ,charleston of their weights4 ,powder was also very scarce4 ,the proportion allotted for the defence of the fort was but barely sufficient for slow firing4 ,this was expended with great deliberation4 ,the officers in their turn pointed the guns with such exactness that most of their shot took effect4 ,in the beginning of the action1 the flag-staff was shot away4 ,sergeant ,jasper of the ,grenadiers immediately jumped on the beach1 took up the flag and fastened it on a sponge-staff4 ,with it in his hand he mounted the merlon2 and1 though the ships were directing their incessant broadsides at the spot1 he deliberately fixed it4 ,the day after the action1 ,president ,rutledge presented him with a sword1 as a mark of respect for his distinguished valor4 4 4 4 4 ,on the third day after the action1 the lady of ,colonel ,bernard ,elliott presented an elegant pair of colors to the second regiment1 which had so bravely defended ,fort ,moultrie4 ,her address on the occasion concluded thus3 ,i make not the least doubt1 under heaven's protection1 you will stand by these colors as long as they wave in the air of liberty4 ,in reply a promise was made that they should be honorably supported1 and never should be tarnished1 by the second regiment4 ,this engagement was literally fulfilled4 ,three years after they were planted on the ,british lines at ,savannah3 one by ,lieutenant ,bush who was immediately shot down2 ,lieutenant ,hume in the act of planting his was also shot down2 and ,lieutenant ,gray in supporting them received a mortal wound4 ,the brave ,sergeant ,jasper on seeing ,lieutenant ,hume fall1 took up the color and planted it4 ,in doing so1 he received a wound which terminated in death2 but on the retreat being ordered he brought the colors off with him4 ,these were taken at the fall of ,charleston and are said to be now in the tower of ,london4 ,,sumpter ,,and ,,marion4 7,from the ,same47 ,as the ,british advanced to the upper country of ,south ,carolina1 a considerable number of the determined friends of independence retreated before them and took refuge in ,north ,carolina4 ,in this class was ,colonel ,sumpter2 a gentleman who had formerly commanded one of the continental regiments1 and who was known to possess a great share of bravery and other military talents4 ,in a very little time after he had forsaken his home1 a detachment of the ,british turned his wife and family out of doors1 burned the house and everything that was in it4 ,a party of these exiles from ,south ,carolina who had convened in ,north ,carolina made choice of ,colonel ,sumpter to be their leader4 ,at the head of this little band of freemen he soon returned to his own ,state1 and took the field against the victorious ,british4 ,he made this gallant effort at a time when the inhabitants had generally abandoned the idea of supporting their own independence1 and when he had every difficulty to encounter4 ,the ,state was no longer in a condition to pay1 clothe1 or feed the troops who had enrolled themselves under his command4 ,his followers were1 in a great measure1 unfurnished with arms and ammunition2 and they had no magazines from which they might draw a supply4 ,the iron tools1 on the neighboring farms1 were worked up for their use by common blacksmiths into rude weapons of war4 ,they supplied themselves1 in part1 with bullets by melting the pewter which they were furnished by private housekeepers4 ,they sometimes came to battle when they had not three rounds a man2 and some were obliged to keep at a distance1 till1 by the fall of others1 they were supplied with arms4 ,when they proved victorious they were obliged to rifle the dead and wounded of their arms and ammunition to equip them for their next engagement4 4 4 4 4 4 ,general ,francis ,marion was born at ,winyaw in #agcc4 ,his grandfather was a native of ,languedoc1 and one of the many ,protestants who fled from ,france to ,carolina to avoid persecution on the account of religion4 ,he left thirteen children1 the eldest of whom was the father of the general4 ,francis ,marion1 when only sixteen years of age1 made choice of a sea-faring life4 ,on his first voyage to the ,west ,indies he was shipwrecked4 ,the crew1 consisting of six persons1 took to the open boat without water or provisions2 4 4 4 4 they were six days in the boat before they made land4 ,two of the crew perished4 ,francis ,marion with three others reached land4 ,this disaster1 and the entreaties of his mother1 induced him to quit the sea4 4 4 4 4 4 ,on the approach of ,general ,gates he advanced with a small party through the country towards the ,santee4 ,on his arrival there he found a number of his countrymen ready and willing to put themselves under his command1 to which he had been appointed by ,general ,gates4 ,this corps afterwards acquired the name of ,marion's brigade4 4 4 ,in all these marches ,marion and his men lay in the open air with little covering1 and with little other food than sweet potatoes and meat mostly without salt4 ,though it was the unhealthy season of autumn1 yet sickness seldom occurred4 ,the general fared worse than his men2 for his baggage having caught fire by accident1 he had literally but half a blanket to cover him from the dews of the night1 and but half a hat to shelter him from the rays of the sun4 ,,james ,,madison4 #ageaahcf4 ,,james ,,madison1 fourth president of the ,united ,states1 was born at ,port ,conway1 ,virginia1 and was a graduate of ,princeton1 where he was a profound and excellent student4 ,he and ,jefferson were always friends2 yet they differed in some political opinions1 for ,madison was a ,federalist1 and he contributed many papers to the periodical of that name4 ,in #agid he married ,mrs4 ,dorothy ,payne ,todd1 a lady of extraordinary beauty and rare accomplishments2 and the reign of ,mrs4 ,dolly ,madison at the ,white ,house is esteemed its most brilliant period4 ,memoirs and ,letters of ,dolly ,madison1 by her grand-niece1 published in #ahhg at ,boston1 is a most interesting book4 ,president ,madison died at his home ,montpelier1 ,orange ,county1 ,virginia4 ,see his ,life1 by ,w4 ,c4 ,rives1 and by ,gay4 ,,works4 ,madison ,papers 7#c vols471 ,debates of the ,convention1 #aghi4 ,unpublished ,writings4 #bi ,papers in the ,federalist4 ,professor ,fiske says of ,madison3 ,among the founders of our nation1 his place is beside that of ,washington1 ,jefferson1 and ,marshall2 but his part was peculiar4 ,he was pre-eminently the scholar1 the profound constructive thinker1 and his limitations were such as belong to that character4 ,,opinion ,,of ,,lafayette1 7,,in ,,letters ,,to ,,jefferson74 7,from ,rives' ,life of ,madison4#d7 7#ag ,oct41 #aghd47--,the time ,i have lately passed with the ,marquis has given me a pretty thorough insight into his character4 ,with great natural frankness of temper1 he unites much address and very considerable talents4 ,in his politics1 he says his three hobby-horses are the alliance between ,france and the ,united ,states1 the union of the latter1 and the manumission of the slaves4 ,the two former are the dearer to him1 as they are connected with his personal glory4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 7#bj ,august1 #aghe47--,subsequent to the date of mine in which ,i gave my idea of ,lafayette1 ,i had other opportunities of penetrating his character4 ,though his foibles did not disappear1 all the favorable traits presented themselves in a stronger light1 on closer inspection4 ,he certainly possesses talents which might figure in any line4 ,if he is ambitious1 it is rather of the praise which virtue dedicates to merit than of the homage which fear renders to power4 ,his disposition is naturally warm and affectionate1 and his attachment to the ,united ,states unquestionable4 ,unless ,i am grossly deceived1 you will find his zeal sincere and useful1 whenever it can be employed on behalf of the ,united ,states without opposition to the essential interests of ,france4 ,,plea ,,for ,a ,,republic1 ,,although ,a ,,new ,,form ,,of ,,government4 7,from the ,federalist1 #adth ,no47 ,but why is the experiment of an extended ,republic to be rejected1 merely because it may comprise what is new8 ,is it not the glory of the people of ,america1 that1 whilst they have paid a decent regard to the opinions of former times and other nations1 they have not suffered a blind veneration for antiquity1 for custom1 or for names1 to overrule the suggestions of their own good sense1 the knowledge of their own situation1 and the lessons of their own experience8 ,to this manly spirit posterity will be indebted for the possession1 and the world for the example1 of the numerous improvements displayed on the ,american theatre in favor of private rights and public happiness4 ,had no important step been taken by the leaders of the ,revolution for which a precedent could not be discovered2 no government established of which an exact model did not present itself1--the people of the ,united ,states might1 at this moment1 have been numbered among the melancholy victims of misguided counsels2 must1 at best1 have been laboring under the weight of some of those forms which have crushed the liberties of the rest of mankind4 ,happily for ,america1--happily1 we trust1 for the whole human race1 they pursued a new and more noble course4 ,they accomplished a revolution which has no parallel in the annals of human society4 ,they reared the fabrics of government1 which have no model on the face of the globe4 ,they formed the design of a great ,confederacy1 which it is incumbent on their successors to improve and perpetuate4 ,if their works betray imperfections1 we wonder at the fewness of them4 ,if they erred most in the structure of the ,union1 this was the work most difficult to be executed2 this is the work which has been new-modelled by the act of your convention2 and it is that act on which you are now to deliberate and decide4 ,,character ,,of ,,washington4 7drawn by ,mr4 ,madison1 amid the tranquil scenes of his own final retirement2 and intended 4 4 4 4 for his family and friends47 ,the strength of his character lay in his integrity1 his love of justice1 his fortitude1 the soundness of his judgment1 and his remarkable prudence2 to which he joined an elevated sense of patriotic duty1 and a reliance on the enlightened and impartial world as the tribunal by which a lasting sentence on his career would be pronounced4 ,nor was he without the advantage of a stature and figure which1 however insignificant when separated from greatness of character1 do not fail1 when combined with it1 to aid the attraction4 ,what particularly distinguished him was a modest dignity1 which at once commanded the highest respect and inspired the purest attachment4 ,although not idolizing public opinion1 no man could be more attentive to the means of ascertaining it4 ,in comparing the candidates for office1 he was particularly inquisitive as to their standing with the public1 and the opinion entertained of them by men of public weight4 ,on the important questions to be decided by him1 he spared no pains to gain information from all quarters2 freely asking from all whom he held in esteem1 and who were intimate with him1 a free communication of their sentiments2 receiving with great attention the arguments and opinions offered to him2 and making up his own judgment with all the leisure that was permitted4 ,,footnote3 #d ,by permission of ,little1 ,brown1 ,company1 ,boston1 as also the two following extracts4 ,,st4 ,,george ,,tucker4 #agebahbh4 ,,st4 ,,george ,,tucker was born in the ,bermudas1 came early in life to ,virginia1 where he married in #aggh ,mrs4 ,frances ,bland ,randolph1 and thus became stepfather to ,john ,randolph of ,roanoke4 ,he was a distinguished jurist1 professor of law at ,william and ,mary ,college1 president-judge of the ,virginia ,court of ,appeals1 and judge of the ,united ,states ,district ,court of ,virginia4 ,,works4 ,poems3 ,days of ,my ,youth1 and others4 ,probationary ,odes of ,jonathan ,pindar1 ,esq41 ,satires4 ,commentary on the ,constitution4 ,dissertation on ,slavery3 ,letters on ,alien and ,sedition ,laws4 ,annotated ,edition of ,blackstone4 ,dramas1 unpublished4 ,in addition to his ability as a writer1 he possessed fine literary taste2 and his personal character was marked by great amiability1 courtliness1 and patriotism4 ,illustration3 ,william and ,mary ,college1 ,williamsburg1 ,va4 ,,resignation1 ,,or ,,days ,,of ,,my ,,youth4 ,i4 ,days of my youth1 ,ye have glided away2 ,hairs of my youth1 ,ye are frosted and gray3 ,eyes of my youth1 ,your keen sight is no more2 ,cheeks of my youth ,ye are furrowed all o'er1 ,strength of my youth1 ,all your vigor is gone2 ,thoughts of my youth1 ,your gay visions are flown4 ,,ii4 ,days of my youth1 ,i wish not your recall2 ,hairs of my youth1 ,i'm content ye should fall2 ,eyes of my youth1 ,you much evil have seen2 ,cheeks of my youth1 ,bathed in tears have you been2 ,thoughts of my youth1 ,you have led me astray2 ,strength of my youth1 ,why lament your decay8 ,,iii4 ,days of my age1 ,ye will shortly be past2 ,pains of my age1 ,yet a while ye can last2 ,joys of my age1 ,in true wisdom delight2 ,eyes of my age1 ,be religion your light2 ,thoughts of my age1 ,dread ye not the cold sod2 ,hopes of my age1 ,be ye fixed on your ,god4 ,,john ,,marshall4 #ageeahce4 ,,john ,,marshall1 third ,chief ,justice of the ,united ,states1 was born in ,fauquier ,county1 ,virginia4 ,he served as a soldier in the ,revolution and then practised law in ,richmond4 ,with ,charles ,cotesworth ,pinckney and ,elbridge ,gerry1 he was sent to ,paris in #agig to treat of public affairs2 and it was on this occasion that ,pinckney made the famous reply to the propositions of ,talleyrand1 ,millions for defence1 not a cent for tribute4 ,he was chief-justice of the ,united ,states for thirty-five years1 being appointed in #ahjj and holding the position until his death4 ,one of the most celebrated cases over which he presided was the trial of ,aaron ,burr1 #ahjg1 in which ,william ,wirt led the prosecution1 and ,luther ,martin and ,burr himself1 the defence4 ,his services on the ,supreme ,bench were not only judicial but patriotic also1 as his decisions on points of constitutional law1 being broad1 clear1 strong1 and statesman-like1 have done much to settle the foundations of our government4 ,he died in ,philadelphia whither he had gone for medical treatment4 ,a handsome statue of him by ,story adorns the west grounds of the ,capitol at ,washington1 and his is one of the six colossal bronze figures around the ,washington ,monument in ,richmond4 ,see ,life1 by ,story1 and by ,magruder4 ,,works4 ,life of ,washington4 ,supreme ,court ,decisions4 ,writings on ,federal ,constitution1 selections by ,justice ,story4 ,he was supremely fitted for high judicial station--a solid judgment1 great reasoning powers1 acute and penetrating mind2 4 4 4 attentive1 patient1 laborious2 grave on the bench1 social in the intercourse of life2 simple in his tastes1 and inexorably just4--,thomas ,hart ,benton1 in ,thirty ,years' ,view4 ,,power ,,of ,,the ,,supreme ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states4 7,from ,case of ,cohen vs4 ,state of ,virginia1 given in ,magruder's ,life of ,marshall4#e7 ,it is authorized to decide all cases of every description arising under the ,constitution or laws of the ,united ,states4 ,from this general grant of jurisdiction no exception is made of those cases in which a ,state may be a party4 ,when we consider the situation of the government of the ,union and of a ,state in relation to each other1 the nature of our ,constitution1 the subordination of the ,state governments to that ,constitution1 the great purpose for which jurisdiction over all cases arising under the ,constitution and laws of the ,united ,states is confided to the judicial department1 are we at liberty to insert in this general grant an exception of those cases in which a ,state may be a party8 ,will the spirit of the ,constitution justify this attempt to control its words8 ,we think it will not4 ,we think a case arising under the ,constitution or laws1 of the ,united ,states is cognizable in the courts of the ,union1 whoever may be the parties to that case4 ,the laws must be executed by individuals acting within the several ,states4 ,if these individuals may be exposed to penalties1 and if the courts of the ,union cannot correct the judgments by which these penalties may be enforced1 the course of government may be at any time arrested by the will of one of its members4 ,each member will possess a veto on the will of the whole4 ,that the ,united ,states form1 for many and most important purposes1 a single nation has not yet been denied4 ,these ,states are constituent parts of the ,united ,states4 ,they are members of one great empire1 for some purposes sovereign1 for some purposes subordinate4 ,in a government so constituted is it unreasonable that the judicial power should be competent to give efficacy to the constitutional laws of the legislature8 ,that department can decide on the validity of the ,constitution or law of a ,state1 if it be repugnant to the ,constitution or to a law of the ,united ,states4 ,is it unreasonable that it should also be empowered to decide on the judgment of a ,state tribunal enforcing such unconstitutional law8 ,is it so very unreasonable as to furnish a justification for controlling the words of the ,constitution8 ,we think not4 4 4 4 4 ,,the ,,duties ,,of ,a ,,judge4 ,advert1 sir1 to the duties of a judge4 ,he has to pass between the government and the man whom that government is prosecuting2 between the most powerful individual in the community and the poorest and most unpopular4 ,it is of the last importance that1 in the exercise of these duties he should observe the utmost fairness4 ,need ,i press the necessity of this8 ,does not every man feel that his own personal security and the security of his property depends on that fairness8 ,the judicial department comes home1 in its effects1 to every man's fireside2 it passes on his property1 his reputation1 his life1 his all4 ,is it not to the last degree important that he should be rendered perfectly and completely independent1 with nothing to influence or control him1 but ,god and his conscience8 4 4 4 ,i have always thought1 from my earliest youth until now1 that the greatest scourge an angry ,heaven ever inflicted upon an ungrateful and sinning people was an ignorant1 a corrupt1 or a dependent judiciary4 ,our ancestors thought so2 we thought so until very lately2 and ,i trust that the vote of this day will show that we think so still4 ,will you draw down this curse on ,virginia8 ,,footnote3 #e ,by permission of ,houghton1 ,mifflin1 and ,company1 of ,boston1 as also the following4 ,,henry ,,lee4 #agefahah4 ,,henry ,,lee1 ,light-,horse ,harry1 of the ,revolution1 and father of ,general ,r4 ,e4 ,lee1 was born at ,leesylvania1 ,westmoreland ,county1 ,virginia4 ,his father was also named ,henry ,lee1 and his mother was ,lucy ,grymes1 the famous lowland beauty1 who first captured ,washington's heart4 ,her son was a favorite of his1 and it is an interesting fact that it was this same ,henry ,lee who delivered by request of ,congress the funeral oration on ,washington4 ,in it he used those now well-known words1 ,first in war1 first in peace1 first in the hearts of his countrymen4 ,he was educated at ,princeton1 and joined the ,american army in #aggg1 with his company1 as ,captain ,lee4 ,he rose successively to be major1 colonel1 general2 and after the war he served in the ,continental ,congress and in the ,virginia ,legislature4 ,he was injured in a riot at ,baltimore1 while trying to defend a friend1 and went to ,cuba for his health2 but he died on his way home1 at ,cumberland ,island on the coast of ,georgia1 at the home of ,general ,greene's daughter1 ,mrs4 ,shaw4 ,with his first wife1 his cousin ,matilda ,lee1 he obtained ,stratford ,house1 where ,r4 ,e4 ,lee was born2 whose mother however1 was the second wife1 ,anne ,hill ,carter of ,shirley4 ,,work4 ,memoirs of the ,war in the ,southern ,department of the ,united ,states1 edited by his sons1 ,henry and ,r4 ,e4 ,lee4 ,general ,lee's ,memoirs of the ,war is a life-like and spirited narrative of events in which he was an actor4 ,the style is plain and clear4 ,his style as an orator is seen in his celebrated ,funeral ,oration1 of which we give the closing sentences4 ,,capture ,,of ,,fort ,,motte ,,by ,,lee ,,and ,,marion1 ,,may1 #aghj4 7,from ,general ,henry ,lee's ,memoirs of the ,war47 ,this post was the principal depot of the convoys from ,charleston to ,camden1 and sometimes for those destined for ,fort ,granby and ,ninety-,six4 ,a large new mansion house1 belonging to ,mrs4 ,motte1 situated on a high and commanding hill1 had been selected for this establishment4 ,it was surrounded with a deep trench1 along the interior margin of which was raised a strong and lofty parapet4 ,to this post had been regularly assigned an adequate garrison of about one hundred and fifty men1 which was now accidentally increased by a small detachment of dragoons1 which had arrived from ,charleston a few hours before the appearance of the ,american troops1 on its way to ,camden with despatches for ,lord ,rawdon4 ,captain ,m',pherson commanded1 an officer highly and deservedly respected4 ,opposite to ,fort ,motte1 to the north1 stood another hill1 where ,mrs4 ,motte1 having been dismissed from her mansion1 resided1 in the old farmhouse4 ,on this height ,lieutenant-,colonel ,lee with his corps took post1 while ,brigadier ,marion occupied the eastern declivity of the ridge on which the fort stood4 ,the vale which runs between the two hills admitted our safe approach within four hundred yards of the fort4 ,this place was selected by ,lee to break ground4 ,relays of working parties being provided for every four hours1 and some of the negroes from the neighbouring plantations being brought1 by the influence of ,marion1 to our assistance1 the works advanced with rapidity4 ,such was their forwardness on the #ajth1 that it was determined to summon the commandant4 ,a flag was accordingly despatched to ,captain ,m',pherson1 stating to him with truth our relative situation1 and admonishing him to avoid the disagreeable consequences of an arrogant temerity4 ,to this the captain replied1 that1 disregarding consequences1 he should continue to resist to the last moment4 ,the retreat of ,rawdon was known in the evening to the besiegers2 and in the course of the night a courier arrived from ,general ,greene confirming that event1 urging redoubled activity1 and communicating his determination to hasten to their support4 ,urged by these strong considerations1 ,marion and ,lee persevered throughout the night in pressing the completion of their works4 ,on the next day1 ,rawdon reached the country opposite to ,fort ,motte2 and in the succeeding night encamping on the highest ground in his route1 the illumination of his fires gave the joyful annunciation of his approach to the despairing garrison4 ,but the hour was close at hand1 when this joy was to be converted into sadness4 ,the large mansion in the centre of the encircling trench1 left but a few yards of the ground within the enemy's works uncovered2 burning the house must force their surrender4 ,persuaded that our ditch would be within arrow shot before noon of the next day1 ,marion and ,lee determined to adopt this speedy mode of effecting their object4 ,orders were instantly issued to prepare bows and arrows1 with missive combustible matter4 ,this measure was reluctantly adopted2 for the destruction of private property was repugnant to the principles which swayed the two commandants1 and upon this occasion was peculiarly distressing4 ,the devoted house was a large1 pleasant edifice1 intended for the summer residence of the respectable owner1 whose deceased husband had been a firm patriot1 and whose only marriageable daughter was the wife of ,major ,pinckney1 an officer in the ,south ,carolina line1 who had fought and bled in his country's cause1 and was now a prisoner with the enemy4 ,these considerations powerfully forbade the execution of the proposed measure2 but there were others of much cogency1 which applied personally to ,lieutenant ,colonel ,lee1 and gave a new edge to the bitterness of the scene4 ,encamping contiguous to ,mrs4 ,motte's dwelling1 this officer had1 upon his arrival1 been requested in the most pressing terms to make her house his quarters4 ,the invitation was accordingly accepted2 and not only the lieutenant colonel1 but every officer of his corps1 off duty1 daily experienced her liberal hospitality1 politely proffered and as politely administered4 ,nor was the attention of this amiable lady confined to that class of war which never fail to attract attention4 ,while her richly spread table presented with taste and fashion all the luxuries of her opulent country1 and her sideboard offered without reserve the best wines of ,europe--antiquated relics of happier days--her active benevolence found its way to the sick and to the wounded2 cherishing with softest kindness infirmity and misfortune1 converting despair into hope1 and nursing debility into strength4 ,nevertheless the obligations of duty were imperative2 the house must burn2 and a respectful communication to the lady of her destined loss must be made4 ,taking the first opportunity which offered1 the next morning1 ,lieutenant ,colonel ,lee imparted to ,mrs4 ,motte the intended measure2 lamenting the sad necessity1 and assuring her of the deep regret which the unavoidable act excited in his and every breast4 ,with a smile of complacency this exemplary lady listened to the embarrassed officer1 and gave instant relief to his agitated feelings1 by declaring1 that she was gratified with the opportunity of contributing to the good of her country1 and that she should view the approaching scene with delight4 ,shortly after1 seeing accidentally the bows and arrows which had been prepared1 she sent for the lieutenant colonel1 and presenting him with a bow and its apparatus imported from ,india1 she requested his substitution of these1 as probably better adapted for the object than those we had provided4 ,receiving with silent delight this opportune present1 the lieutenant colonel rejoined his troops1 now making ready for the concluding scene4 ,the lines were manned1 and an additional force stationed at the battery1 lest the enemy1 perceiving his fate1 might determine to risk a desperate assault1 as offering the only chance of relief4 ,as soon as the troops reached their several points1 a flag was again sent to ,m',pherson1 for the purpose of inducing him to prevent the conflagration and the slaughter which might ensue1 by a second representation of his actual condition4 ,doctor ,irvine1 of the legion cavalry1 was charged with the flag1 and instructed to communicate faithfully the inevitable destruction impending1 and the impracticability of relief1 as ,lord ,rawdon had not yet passed the ,santee2 with an assurance that longer perseverance in vain resistance1 would place the garrison at the mercy of the conqueror2 who was not regardless of the policy of preventing waste of time by inflicting exemplary punishment1 where resistance was maintained only to produce such waste4 ,the ,british captain received the flag with his usual politeness1 and heard patiently ,irvine's explanations2 but he remained immovable2 repeating his determination of holding out to the last4 ,it was now about noon1 and the rays of the scorching sun had prepared the shingle roof for the projected conflagration4 ,the return of ,irvine was immediately followed by the application of the bow and arrows4 ,the first arrow struck and communicated its fire2 a second was shot at another quarter of the roof1 and a third at a third quarter2 this last also took effect1 and1 like the first1 soon kindled a blaze4 ,m',pherson ordered a party to repair to the loft of the house1 and by knocking off the shingles to stop the flames4 ,this was soon perceived1 and ,captain ,finley was directed to open his battery1 raking the loft from end to end4 ,the fire of our six pounder1 posted close to one of the gable ends of the house1 soon drove the soldiers down2 and no other effort to stop the flames being practicable1 ,m',pherson hung out the white flag4 4 4 4 4 ,powerfully as the present occasion called for punishment1 and rightfully as it might have been inflicted1 not a drop of blood was shed1 nor any part of the enemy's baggage taken4 ,m',pherson and his officers accompanied their captors to ,mrs4 ,motte's1 and partook with them of a sumptuous dinner2 soothing in the sweets of social intercourse the ire which the preceding conflict had engendered4 ,,the ,,father ,,of ,,his ,,country4 7,from the funeral oration1 #ahjj47 ,first in war--first in peace--and first in the hearts of his countrymen1 he was second to none in the humble and endearing scenes of private life2 pious1 just1 humane1 temperate1 and sincere2 uniform1 dignified1 and commanding1 his example was as edifying to all around him1 as were the effects of that example lasting4 ,to his equals he was condescending1 to his inferiors kind1 and to the dear objects of his affections exemplarily tender2 correct throughout1 vice shuddered in his presence1 and virtue always felt his fostering hand2 the purity of his private character gave effulgence to his public virtues4 ,his last scene comported with the whole tenor of his life--although in extreme pain1 not a sigh1 not a groan escaped him2 and with undisturbed serenity1 he closed his well-spent life4 ,such was the man ,america has lost--such was the man for whom our nation mourns4 ,methinks ,i see his august image1 and ,i hear falling from his venerable lips these deep-sinking words3 ,cease1 sons of ,america1 lamenting our separation3 go on1 and confirm by your wisdom the fruits of our joint councils1 joint efforts1 and common dangers2 reverence religion1 diffuse knowledge throughout your land1 patronize the arts and sciences2 let ,liberty and ,order be inseparable companions4 ,control party spirit1 the bane of free governments2 observe good faith to1 and cultivate peace with all nations1 shut up every avenue to foreign influence1 contract rather than extend national connection1 rely on yourselves only2 be ,americans in thought1 word and deed2--thus will you give immortality to that union which was the constant object of my terrestrial labors2 thus will you preserve undisturbed to the latest posterity the felicity of a people to me most dear1 and thus will you supply 7if my happiness is now aught to you7 the only vacancy in the round of pure bliss high ,heaven bestows4 ,,mason ,,locke ,,weems4 #agfjahbe4 ,,mason ,,locke ,,weems was born at ,dumfries1 ,virginia1 and educated in ,london as a clergyman4 ,he was for some years rector of ,pohick ,church1 ,mt4 ,vernon parish1 of which ,washington was an attendant4 ,his health demanding a change of occupation1 he became agent for the publishing house of ,matthew ,carey of ,philadelphia1 and was very successful1 being equally ready for a stump1 a fair1 or a pulpit4 ,he played the violin1 read1 recited1 and was humorous and interesting in conversation4 ,his writings are attractive and often very eloquent and forcible2 but we know not how much of his narratives to believe4 ,his ,life of ,washington is the most popular and widely read of the many lives of that great man2 to it alone we are indebted for the ,hatchet ,story4 ,,works4 ,life of ,washington4 ,life of ,franklin4 ,life of ,marion4 ,life of ,penn4 ,the ,philanthropist1 a tract prefaced by an autograph letter from ,washington4 ,,the ,,hatchet ,,story4 7,from ,life of ,washington47 ,the following anecdote is a case in point2 it is too valuable to be lost1 and too true to be doubted1 for it was communicated to me by the same excellent lady to whom ,i was indebted for the last1 a relative of the ,washington family4 ,when ,george1 she said1 was about six years old1 he was made the wealthy master of a hatchet6 of which1 like most little boys1 he was immoderately fond1 and was constantly going about chopping everything that came in his way4 ,one day1 in the garden1 where he often amused himself hacking his mother's pea-sticks1 he unluckily tried the edge of his hatchet on the body of a beautiful young ,english cherry-tree1 which he barked so terribly that ,i don't believe the tree ever got the better of it4 ,the next morning the old gentleman finding out what had befallen his tree1 which1 by the by1 was a great favorite1 came into the house1 and with much warmth asked for the mischievous author1 declaring at the same time that he would not have taken five guineas for his tree4 ,nobody could tell him anything about it4 ,presently ,george and his hatchet made their appearance4 ',george1' said his father1 'do you know who killed that beautiful little cherry-tree yonder in the garden8' ,this was a tough question1 and ,george staggered under it for a moment2 but quickly recovered himself2 and looking at his father1 with the sweet face of youth brightened with the inexpressible charm of all-conquering truth1 he bravely cried out1 ',i can't tell a lie1 ,pa2 you know ,i can't tell a lie2 ,i did cut it with my hatchet4'--',run to my arms1 you dearest boy1' cried his father in transports1 'run to my arms4 ,glad am ,i1 ,george1 that you ever killed my tree1 for you have paid me for it a thousand-fold4 ,such an act of heroism in my son1 is more worth than a thousand trees1 though blossomed with silver1 and their fruits of purest gold4' ,,john ,,drayton4 #agffahbb4 ,,john ,,drayton1 son of ,william ,henry ,drayton1 was born in ,south ,carolina1 educated at ,princeton and in ,england1 and became a lawyer4 ,he was governor of ,south ,carolina1 #ahjj-b1 and again #ahjh-aj2 and he was ,district ,judge of the ,united ,states at the time of his death4 ,,works4 ,letters written during a tour through the ,northern and ,eastern ,states4 ,a ,view of ,south ,carolina4 ,memoirs of the ,revolution in ,south ,carolina1 prepared mainly from his father's manuscripts4 ,governor ,drayton's writings are characterized by a desire to express the simple and exact truth4 ,his style carries with it a conviction of his sincerity and of the reliability of his narrative4 ,a ,,revolutionary ,,object ,,lesson ,,in ,,the ,,cause ,,of ,,patriotism1 ,,april #agge4 7,from ,memoirs of the ,revolution47 ,with all these occurrences1 men's minds had become agitated2 and it was deemed proper to bring forth something calculated to arrest the public attention1 to throw odium on the ,british ,administration1 to put down the ,crown officers in the ,province1 and to invigorate the ardor of the people4 ,and nothing was deemed more likely to effect the same than some public exhibition which might speak to the sight and senses of the multitude4 ,for this purpose effigies were brought forward1 supposed to be by the authority or connivance of the ,secret ,committee4 4 4 4 ,they represented the ,pope1 ,lord ,grenville1 ,lord ,north1 and the ,devil4 ,they were placed on the top of a frame capable of containing one or two persons within it2 and the frame was covered over with thick canvas1 so that those within could not be distinguished4 ,in the front of the frame on the top1 the ,pope was seated in a chair of state1 in his pontifical dress2 and at a distance immediately behind him the ,devil was placed in a standing position1 holding a barbed dart in his right hand2 between the ,pope and the ,devil1 on each side1 ,lords ,grenville and ,north were stationed4 ,thus finished the frame and effigies were fixed on four wheels2 and early in the morning1 this uncommon spectacle was stationed between the ,market and ,st4 ,michael's ,church in ,broad-street to the gaze of the citizens4 ,many were the surmises respecting it2 but at length by its evolutions1 it soon began to explain the purposes for which it was constructed4 ,for no sooner did any of the ,crown officers1 ,placemen1 ,counsellors1 or persons known to be disaffected to the common cause1 pass by than the ,pope immediately bowed with proportioned respect to them1 and the ,devil at the same moment striking his dart at the head of the ,pope convulsed the populace with bursts of laughter4 ,while on the other hand1 the immovable effigies of ,lords ,grenville and ,north1 appearing like attendants on the ,pope or criminals1 moved the people with sentiments of disgust and contempt against them and the whole ,british ,administration1 for the many oppressive acts which they had been instrumental in procuring to be passed through both ,houses of ,parliament4 ,in this manner the machine was exposed2 after which it was paraded through the town the whole day by the mob2 and in the evening1 they carried it beyond the town where surrounding it with tar barrels the whole was committed to the flames4 ,nor did the idea or influence of the thing end here--for boys forsook their customary sports to make models like it1 with which having amused themselves1 and having roused their youthful spirits into a detestation of oppression1 they also committed them to the flames4 ,and many of those very boys supported with their services and blood the rights and liberties of their country4 ,,the ,,battle ,,of ,,noewee1 ,,between ,,the ,,south ,,carolinians ,,and ,,the ,,cherokees1 #aggf4 7,from ,memoirs of the ,revolution in ,south ,carolina47 ,the army now crossed ,cannucca ,creek1 and was proceeding towards ,noewee ,creek when tracks of the enemy's spies were discovered about half past ten o'clock1 ,a4 ,m41 and the army was halted and thrown into close order4 ,it then proceeded on its left towards a narrow valley1 bordering on ,noewee ,creek1 and enclosed on each side by lofty mountains1 terminated at the extremity by others equally difficult2 and commenced entering the same1 for the purpose of crossing the ,appalachean ,ridge1 which separated the ,middle ,settlements from those in the ,vallies4 ,these heights were occupied by twelve hundred ,indian ,warriors2 nor were they discovered1 until the advance guard of one hundred men began to mount the height1 which terminated the valley4 ,the army having thus completely fallen into the ambuscade of the enemy1 they poured in a heavy fire upon its front and flanks2 compelling it to recoil1 and fall into confusion4 ,great was the perturbation which then prevailed1 the cry being1 ,we shall be cut off2 and while ,col4 ,williamson's attention was imperiously called to rally his men1 and charge the enemy1 he was at the same time obliged to reinforce the baggage guard1 on which the subsistence of the army depended for provisions1 in this mountainous wilderness4 ,in this extremity1 ,lieutenant-,colonel ,hammond caused detachments to file off1 for the purpose of gaining the eminences above the ,indians1 and turning their flanks2 while ,lieutenant ,hampton with twenty men1 advanced upon the enemy1 passing the main advance guard of one hundred men3 who1 being panic-struck1 were rapidly retreating4 ,hampton1 however1 clambered up the ascent1 with a manly presence of mind2 which much encouraged all his followers3 calling out1 ,loaded guns advance--empty guns1 fall down and load3 and being joined by thirty men1 he charged desperately on the foe4 ,the ,indians now gave way2 and a panic passing among them from right to left1 the troops rallied and pressed them with such energy1 as induced a general flight3 and the army was thereby rescued from a total defeat and massacre4 ,besides this good fortune1 they became possessed of so many packs of deer skins and baggage2 that they sold among the individuals of the army1 for #a1bjj currency2 and which sum was equally distributed among the troops4 ,in this engagement1 the killed of ,williamson's army1 were thirteen men1 and one ,catawba ,indian2 and the wounded were1 thirty-two men1 and two ,catawbas4 ,of the enemy1 only four were found dead1 and their loss would have been more considerable1 if many of them had not been mistaken for the friendly ,catawbas1 who were in front4 ,,william ,,wirt4 #aggbahcd4 ,,william ,,wirt was born at ,bladensburg1 ,maryland1 and received an early and excellent education4 ,he removed to ,virginia in #agia and began the practice of law1 in which profession he rose to great and singular eminence4 ,he was elected ,chancellor of ,virginia in #ahja1 led the prosecution in the ,aaron ,burr trial1 #ahjg1 and was concerned in several other famous cases4 ,in #ahag he was appointed ,attorney-,general of the ,united ,states and lived in ,washington twelve years4 ,in #ahbf he delivered before ,congress the address on the death of ,john ,adams and of ,thomas ,jefferson2 which occurred on the ,fourth of ,july1 of that year1 just fifty years after the ,declaration of ,independence4 ,his health giving way under his severe labors and distress for the death of his son ,robert1 he resigned his office4 ,he said1 ,all1 all is vanity and vexation of spirit1 except religion1 friendship1 and literature4 ,he removed to ,baltimore and resumed the practice of law4 ,he was a man of fine appearance and charming social graces4 ,it is related that on one occasion he kept a party of friends up all night long1 to their utter astonishment1 merely by the powers of his delightful conversation4 ,see ,memoirs of ,wirt by ,kennedy4 ,,works4 ,letters of the ,british ,spy4 ,rainbow1 essays4 ,life of ,patrick ,henry4 ,addresses4 ,old ,bachelor1 a series of essays by a group of friends1 ,wirt1 ,dabney ,carr1 ,george ,tucker1 and others4 ,wirt's style both in writing and speaking has been often and justly praised for its grace1 culture1 and luxuriance4 ,his ,british ,spy is composed of ten letters supposed to be left at an inn by a spy1 giving opinions on various things and an account especially of public men and orators that he has met in his travels in ,america4 ,these letters are esteemed ,wirt's best literary work1 although his ,life of ,patrick ,henry is perhaps better known on account of its subject4 ,,the ,,blind ,,preacher1 7,,james ,,waddell#f74 7,from ,the ,british ,spy47 ,it was one ,sunday1 as ,i travelled through the county of ,orange1 ,virginia1 that my eye was caught by a cluster of horses tied near a ruinous1 old1 wooden house in the forest1 not far from the roadside4 ,having frequently seen such objects before1 in travelling through those ,states1 ,i had no difficulty in understanding that this was a place of religious worship4 ,devotion alone should have stopped me1 to join in the duties of the congregation2 but ,i must confess that curiosity to hear the preacher of such a wilderness1 was not the least of my motives4 ,on entering1 ,i was struck with his preternatural appearance4 ,he was a tall and very spare old man2 his head which was covered with a white linen cap1 his shrivelled hands1 and his voice1 were all shaking under the influence of a palsy2 and a few moments ascertained to me that he was perfectly blind4 ,the first emotions that touched my breast were those of mingled pity and veneration4 ,but how soon were all my feelings changed6 ,the lips of ,plato were never more worthy of a prognostic swarm of bees1 than were the lips of this holy man6 ,it was a day of the administration of the sacrament2 and his subject was1 of course1 the passion of our ,saviour4 ,i have heard the subject handled a thousand times2 ,i had thought it exhausted long ago4 ,little did ,i suppose that in the wild woods of ,america1 ,i was to meet with a man whose eloquence would give to this topic a new and more sublime pathos than ,i had ever before witnessed4 ,as he descended from the pulpit to distribute the mystic symbols1 there was a peculiar1 a more than human solemnity in his air and manner1 which made my blood run cold1 and my whole frame shiver4 ,he then drew a picture of the sufferings of our ,saviour2 his trial before ,pilate2 his ascent up ,calvary2 his crucifixion2 and his death4 ,i knew the whole history2 but never until then had ,i heard the circumstances so selected1 so arranged1 so colored6 ,it was all new2 and ,i seemed to have heard it for the first time in my life4 ,his enunciation was so deliberate that his voice trembled on every syllable2 and every heart in the assembly trembled in unison4 ,his peculiar phrases had the force of description1 that the original scene appeared to be at that moment acting before our eyes4 ,we saw the very faces of the ,jews2 the staring1 frightful distortions of malice and rage4 ,we saw the buffet2 my soul kindled with a flame of indignation2 and my hands were involuntarily and convulsively clinched4 ,but when he came to touch on the patience1 the forgiving meekness of our ,saviour2 when he drew1 to the life1 his blessed eyes streaming in tears to heaven2 his voice breathing to ,god a soft and gentle prayer of pardon on his enemies1 ,father1 forgive them1 for they know not what they do1--the voice of the preacher1 which had all along faltered1 grew fainter and fainter1 until1 his utterance being entirely obstructed by the force of his feelings1 he raised his handkerchief to his eyes1 and burst into a loud and irrepressible flood of grief4 ,the effect is inconceivable4 ,the whole house resounded with the mingled groans1 and sobs1 and shrieks of the congregation4 ,it was some time before the tumult had subsided1 so far as to permit him to proceed4 ,indeed1 judging by the usual1 but fallacious standard of my own weakness1 ,i began to be very uneasy for the situation of the preacher4 ,for ,i could not conceive how he would be able to let his audience down from the height to which he had wound them1 without impairing the solemnity and dignity of his subject1 or perhaps shocking them by the abruptness of the fall4 ,but--no3 the descent was as beautiful and sublime as the elevation had been rapid and enthusiastic4 ,the first sentence1 with which he broke the awful silence1 was a quotation from ,rousseau3 ,socrates died like a philosopher1 but ,jesus ,christ1 like a ,god6 ,i despair of giving you any idea of the effect produced by this short sentence1 unless you could perfectly conceive the whole manner of the man1 as well as the peculiar crisis in the discourse4 ,never before did ,i completely understand what ,demosthenes meant by laying such stress on delivery4 ,you are to bring before you the venerable figure of the preacher2 his blindness1 constantly recalling to your recollection old ,homer1 ,ossian1 and ,milton1 and associating with his performance the melancholy grandeur of their geniuses2 you are to imagine that you hear his slow1 solemn1 well-accented enunciation1 and his voice of affecting trembling melody2 you are to remember the pitch of passion and enthusiasm to which the congregation were raised2 and then the few moments of portentous1 deathlike silence which reigned throughout the house2 the preacher removing his white handkerchief from his aged face1 7even yet wet from the recent torrent of his tears71 and slowly stretching forth the palsied hand which holds it1 begins the sentence1 ,socrates died like a philosopher1--then1 pausing1 raising his other hand1 pressing them both1 clasped together1 with warmth and energy1 to his breast1 lifting his sightless balls to heaven1 and pouring his whole soul into his tremulous voice--but ,jesus ,christ--like a ,god6 ,if it had indeed and in truth been an angel of light1 the effect could scarcely have been more divine4 ,,mr4 ,,henry ,,against ,,john ,,hook4 7,from ,life of ,patrick ,henry47 ,hook was a ,scotchman1 a man of wealth1 and suspected of being unfriendly to the ,american cause4 ,during the distresses of the ,american army1 consequent upon the joint invasion of ,cornwallis and ,phillips in #agha1 a ,mr4 ,venable1 an army commissary1 had taken two of ,hook's steers for the use of the troops4 ,the act had not been strictly legal2 and on the establishment of peace1 ,hook1 under the advice of ,mr4 ,cowan1 a gentleman of some distinction in the law1 thought proper to bring an action of trespass against ,mr4 ,venable1 in the district court of ,new ,london4 ,mr4 ,henry appeared for the defendant1 and is said to have disported himself in this cause to the infinite enjoyment of his hearers1 the unfortunate ,hook always excepted4 ,after ,mr4 ,henry became animated in the cause1 says a correspondent ,judge ,stuart1 he appeared to have complete control over the passions of his audience3 at one time he excited their indignation against ,hook3 vengeance was visible in every countenance2 again1 when he chose to relax and ridicule him1 the whole audience was in a roar of laughter4 ,he painted the distresses of the ,american army1 exposed almost naked to the rigour of a winter's sky1 and marking the frozen ground over which they marched1 with the blood of their unshod feet--where was the man1 he said1 who had an ,american heart in his bosom1 who would not have thrown open his fields1 his barns1 his cellar1 the doors of his house1 the portals of his breast1 to have received with open arms1 the meanest soldier in that little band of patriots8 ,where is the man8 ,there he stands--but whether the heart of an ,american beats in his bosom1 you1 gentlemen1 are to judge4 ,he then carried the jury1 by the powers of his imagination1 to the plains around ,york1 the surrender of which had followed shortly after the act complained of3 he depicted the surrender in the most glowing and noble colors of his eloquence--the audience saw before their eyes the humiliation and dejection of the ,british1 as they marched out of their trenches--they saw the triumph which lighted up every patriot face1 and heard the shouts of victory1 and the cry of ,washington and ,liberty61 as it rung and echoed through the ,american ranks1 and was reverberated from the hills and shores of the neighboring river--but1 hark61 what notes of discord are these which disturb the general joy1 and silence the acclamations of victory8 ,they are the notes of ,john ,hook1 hoarsely bawling through the ,american camp1 beef6 beef6 beef6 ,the whole audience was convulsed3 a particular incident will give a better idea of the effect1 than any general description4 ,the clerk of the court1 unable to command himself1 and unwilling to commit any breach of decorum in his place1 rushed out of the court-house1 and threw himself on the grass1 in the most violent paroxysm of laughter1 where he was rolling1 when ,hook1 with very different feelings1 came out for relief into the yard also4 ,jemmy ,steptoe1 said he to the clerk1 what the devil ails ye1 mon8 ,mr4 ,steptoe was only able to say1 that he could not help it4 ,never mind ye1 said ,hook1 wait till ,billy ,cowan gets up3 he'll show him the la'4 ,mr4 ,cowan1 however1 was so completely overwhelmed by the torrent which bore upon his client1 that when he rose to reply to ,mr4 ,henry1 he was scarcely able to make an intelligible or audible remark4 ,the cause was decided almost by acclamation4 ,the jury retired for form's sake1 and instantly returned with a verdict for the defendant4 ,nor did the effect of ,mr4 ,henry's speech stop here4 ,the people were so highly excited by the tory audacity of such a suit1 that ,hook began to hear around him a cry more terrible than that of beef2 it was the cry of tar and feathers3 from the application of which1 it is said1 that nothing saved him but a precipitate flight and the speed of his horse4 ,,footnote3 #f ,james ,waddell1 it is said1 was a relative of the celebrated teacher1 ,dr4 ,moses ,waddell1 of ,georgia1 president of the ,state ,university1 #ahai-bi4 ,,john ,,randolph4 #aggcahcc4 ,,john ,,randolph of ,roanoke1 was born at ,cawson's1 ,virginia1 being a descendant of ,pocahontas in the seventh generation4 ,he lost his father early in life4 ,his beautiful mother1 to whom he was devotedly attached1 afterwards married ,st4 ,george ,tucker1 who happily was a true father to her children and educated ,john himself4 ,her death in #aghh was a life-long distress to her gifted son4 ,he was a prominent actor in all the stirring political life of the times1 being in ,congress from #ahjj until his death1 except from #ahab to #ahad1 and again in #ahcj when he was minister to ,russia1 a position which he resigned1 however1 in order to return to the excitement of politics at home4 ,he freed his slaves by will on his death1 which occurred in ,philadelphia as he was preparing to go abroad for his health4 ,many anecdotes are told of him1 and he is one of the most interesting and striking figures in our history4 ,see ,benton's account of his duel with ,clay2 also ,life1 by ,garland1 and by ,adams4 ,,works4 ,letters to a ,young ,relative4 ,addresses4 ,john ,randolph is noted for his wit1 eloquence1 and a power of sarcasm scathing in its intensity which he often employed1 thereby making many enemies4 ,he is indeed original and unique in everything4 ,his language is simple1 though polished1 brief1 though rich1 and as direct as the arrow from the ,indian bow4--,paulding4 ,,the ,,revision ,,of ,,the ,,state ,,constitution4 7,from a ,speech in the ,legislature1 #ahbi47 ,doctor ,franklin who in shrewdness1 especially in all that related to domestic life1 was never excelled1 used to say that two movings were equal to one fire4 ,and gentlemen1 as if they were afraid that this besetting sin of republican governments1 this rerum novarum lubido 7to use a very homely phrase1 but that comes pat to the purpose71 this maggot of innovation1 would cease to bite1 are here gravely making provision that this ,constitution1 which we should consider as a remedy for all the ills of the body politic1 may itself be amended or modified at any future time4 ,sir1 ,i am against any such provision4 ,i should as soon think of introducing into a marriage contract a provision for divorce1 and thus poisoning the greatest blessing of mankind at its very source1--at its fountain-head4 ,he has seen little1 and has reflected less1 who does not know that necessity is the great1 powerful1 governing principle of affairs here4 ,sir1 ,i am not going into that question which puzzled ,pandemonium1--the question of liberty and necessity1-- ,free will1 fixed fate1 foreknowledge absolute2 but ,i do contend that necessity is one principal instrument of all the good that man enjoys4 ,the happiness of the connubial union itself depends greatly on necessity1 and when you touch this you touch the arch1 the keystone of the arch1 on which the happiness and well-being of society is founded4 ,look at the relation of master and slave 7that opprobrium1 in the opinion of some gentlemen1 to all civilized society and all free government74 ,sir1 there are few situations in life where friendships so strong and so lasting are formed as in that very relation4 ,the slave knows that he is bound indissolubly to his master1 and must1 from necessity1 remain always under his control4 ,the master knows he is bound to maintain and provide always for his slave so long as he retains him in his possession4 ,and each party accommodates himself to the situation4 ,i have seen the dissolution of many friendships1--such1 at least1 as they were called2 but ,i have seen that of master and slave endure so long as there remained a drop of blood of the master to which the slave could cleave4 ,where is the necessity of this provision in the ,constitution8 ,where is the use of it8 ,sir1 what are we about8 ,have we not been undoing what the wiser heads--,i must be permitted to say so--yes1 ,sir1 what the wiser heads of our ancestors did more than half a century ago8 ,can any one believe that we1 by any amendment of ours1 by any of our scribbling on that parchment1 by any amulet1 by any legerdemain--charm--,abracadabra--of ours can prevent our sons from doing the same thing1--that is1 from doing what they please1 just as we are doing as we please8 ,it is impossible4 ,who can bind posterity8 ,when ,i hear gentlemen talk of making a ,constitution for all time1 and introducing provisions into it for all time1 and yet see men here who are older than the ,constitution we are about to destroy 7,i am older myself than the present ,constitution3 it was established when ,i was a boy71 it reminds me of the truces and the peaces of ,europe4 ,they always begin1 ,in the name of the most holy and undivided ,trinity1 and go on to declare there shall be perfect and perpetual peace and unity between the subjects of such and such potentates for all time to come2 and in less than seven years they are at war again4 ,,george ,,tucker4 #aggeahfa4 ,,george ,,tucker1 a relative of ,st4 ,george ,tucker1 was1 like him1 born in the ,bermudas1 and came to ,virginia in #aghg4 ,he was reared and educated by ,st4 ,george ,tucker1 and practiced law in ,lynchburg4 ,he served in the ,state ,legislature and in ,congress1 and in #ahbe he was elected professor of ,moral ,philosophy and ,political ,economy in the ,university of ,virginia1 a position which he filled for twenty years4 ,his novel1 ,valley of the ,shenandoah1 was reprinted in ,england and translated into ,german4 ,illustration3 ,university of ,virginia4 ,,works4 ,essays in ,old ,bachelor ,series4 ,letters on the ,conspiracy of ,slaves4 ,letters on the ,roanoke ,navigation4 ,recollections of ,eleanor ,rosalie ,tucker4 ,essays on ,taste1 ,morals1 and ,policy4 ,valley of the ,shenandoah4 ,a ,voyage to the ,moon4 ,principles of ,rent1 ,wages1 c4 ,literature of the ,united ,states4 ,life of ,thomas ,jefferson4 ,theory of ,money and ,banks4 ,essay on ,cause and ,effect4 ,association of ,ideas4 ,dangers ,threatening the ,united ,states4 ,progress of the ,united ,states4 ,life of ,dr4 ,john ,p4 ,emmet4 ,history of the ,united ,states4 ,banks or ,no ,banks4 ,essays ,moral and ,philosophical4 ,political ,economy4 ,prof4 ,tucker was a voluminous writer and treated many subjects4 ,one or two early works of imagination and fancy gave place later to philosophy and political economy1 and his style is eminently that of a thinker4 ,,jefferson',s ,,preference ,,for ,,country ,,life4 7,from ,life of ,jefferson47 ,he tells the ,baron that he is savage enough to prefer the woods1 the wilds1 and the independence of ,monticello1 to all the brilliant pleasures of the gay metropolis of ,france4 ,i shall therefore1 he says1 rejoin myself to my native country1 with new attachments1 and with exaggerated esteem for its advantages2 for though there is less wealth there1 there is more freedom1 more ease1 and less misery4 ,declarations of this kind often originate in insincerity and affectation2 sometimes from the wish to appear superior to those sensual indulgences and light amusements which are to be obtained only in cities1 and sometimes from the pride of seeming to despise what is beyond our reach4 ,but the sentiment here expressed by ,mr4 ,jefferson is truly felt by many an ,american1 and we have no reason to doubt it was felt also by him4 ,there is a charm in the life which one has been accustomed to in his youth1 no matter what the modes of that life may have been1 which always retains its hold on the heart4 ,the ,indian who has passed his first years with his tribe1 is never reconciled to the habits and restraints of civilized life4 ,and although in more artificial and advanced stages of society1 individuals1 whether they have been brought up in the town or the country1 are not equally irreconcilable to a change from one to the other1 it commonly takes some time to overcome their preference for the life they have been accustomed to2 and in many instances it is never overcome1 but continues to haunt the imagination with pleasing pictures of the past or imaginations of the future1 when hope gives assurance that those scenes of former enjoyment may be renewed4 ,that most of our country gentlemen1 past the heyday of youth1 would soon tire of ,paris1 and pant after the simple pleasures and exemption from restraint which their own country affords1 is little to be wondered at2 but it is the more remarkable in ,mr4 ,jefferson1 and more clearly illustrates the force of early habit1 when it is recollected that he found in the ,french metropolis that society of men of letters and science which he must often have in vain coveted in his own country1 and that here he met with those specimens of music1 painting1 and architecture1 for which he had so lively a relish4 ,but in these comparisons between the life we are leading and that which we have left1 or are looking forward to1 we must always allow much to the force of the imagination1 and there are few men who felt its influence more than ,mr4 ,jefferson4 ,in one of his letters to ,mr4 ,carmichael1 he says1 ,i sometimes think of building a little hermitage at the ,natural ,bridge1 7for it is my property71 and of passing there a part of the year at least4 ,,establishment ,,of ,,the ,,university ,,of ,,virginia4 7,from the ,same47 ,we have seen that the subject of education had long been a favourite object with ,mr4 ,jefferson1 partly from his own lively relish for literature and science1 and partly because he deemed the diffusion of knowledge among the people essential to the wise administration of a popular government1 and even to its stability4 ,he had not long retired from public life1 before the subject again engaged his serious attention1 and1 besides endeavouring to enlist men of influence in behalf of his favourite scheme of dividing the counties of the ,state into wards1 and giving the charge of its elementary schools to these little commonwealths1 he also aimed to establish a college1 in the neighbourhood of ,charlottesville1 for teaching the higher branches of knowledge1 and which1 from its central and healthy situation1 might be improved into a university4 ,he lived to see this object accomplished1 and it owed its success principally to his efforts4 ,it engrossed his attention for more than eleven years1 in which time he exhibited his wonted judgment and address1 in overcoming the numerous obstacles he encountered1 and a diligence and perseverance which would have been creditable to the most vigorous period of life4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,in getting the university into operation1 he seemed to have regained the activity and assiduity of his youth4 ,everything was looked into1 everything was ordered by him4 ,he suggested the remedy for every difficulty1 and made the selection in every choice of expedients4 ,two or three times a week he rode down to the establishment to give orders to the proctor1 and to watch the progress of the work still unfinished4 ,nor were his old habits of hospitality forgotten4 ,his invitations to the professors and their families were frequent1 and every ,sunday some four or five of the students dined with him4 ,at these times he generally ate by himself in a small recess connected with the dining-room2 but1 saving at meals1 sat and conversed with the company as usual4 ,the number of visiters also to the ,university was very great1 and they seldom failed to call at ,monticello1 where they often passed the day1 and sometimes several days4 ,he was so fully occupied with his duties1 as rector of the university1 and he found so much pleasure in the occupation1 that for a time every cause of care and anxiety1 of which he now began to have an increased share1 was entirely forgotten2 and the sun of his life seemed to be setting with a soft but unclouded radiance4 ,illustration3 ,henry ,clay4 ,,third ,,period 444 #ahjj-ahej4 ,,henry ,,clay4 #agggaheb4 ,,henry ,,clay was born at ,the ,slashes1 ,hanover ,county1 ,virginia1 whence he got his title1 ,mill-,boy of the ,slashes4 ,his mother1 early left a widow1 was poor1 and on her second marriage1 to ,mr4 ,henry ,watkins1 removed to ,kentucky4 ,henry ,clay became a clerk and then a law-student in ,richmond1 ,va41 and in #agig followed his mother to ,kentucky1 making his home in ,lexington4 ,he rose speedily to eminence as a jury lawyer1 and in #ahjc entered public life as a member of the ,state ,legislature4 ,in #ahjf he entered the ,united ,states ,senate1 and after the war of #ahab he was sent to ,belgium as one of the ,commissioners to treat of peace with ,great ,britain4 ,his share in public life was most important4 ,he was the author of the ,missouri ,compromise of #ahbj1 of the ,tariff ,compromise of #ahcb1 of the ,bill for ,protection and ,internal ,improvements2 his agency in the first two and in the ,missouri ,compromise of #ahej1 gaining for him the title of the ,great ,pacificator4 ,with ,calhoun and ,webster1 he formed the triad of great statesmen who made illustrious our politics in the first half of the nineteenth century4 ,he died in ,washington ,city and was buried in ,lexington1 ,kentucky1 where an imposing column1 surmounted by his statue1 marks his tomb4 ,in the ,capitol grounds at ,richmond there is also a fine monument and statue to his memory4 ,it has been said of him that no man ever had more devoted friends and more bitter enemies4 ,see ,benton's account of his duel with ,randolph4 ,his home1 ,ashland1 on the suburbs of ,lexington1 is now a part of the ,university of ,kentucky4 ,the old ,court ,house in which so many of his famous speeches were made still stands in ,lexington1 and is cherished as an honoured reminder of his greatness in the eyes of his admiring compatriots4 ,see under ,a4 ,h4 ,stephens1 ,sketch in the ,senate1 #ahej2 also1 ,life1 by ,prentice1 and by ,schurz4 ,,works4 ,speeches1 of which several collections have been made4 ,henry ,clay was perhaps the greatest popular leader and orator that ,america has produced1 although his influence will not be so lasting as that of profounder statesmen4 ,he was a master of the feelings and could sway the multitude before him as one man4 ,his style of argument was by vivid picture1 apt comparison1 and forcible illustration1 rather than by close reasoning like ,webster's1 or impregnable logic like that of ,calhoun4--,john ,p4 ,mc,guire4 ,,to ,,be ,,right ,,above ,,all4 ,sir1 ,i would rather be right than be president4 7,in #ahej1 on being told that his views would endanger his nomination for the presidency47 ,,no ,,geographical ,,lines ,,in ,,patriotism4 ,i know no ,north1 no ,south1 no ,east1 no ,west4 ,,military ,,insubordination4 7,from the speech on the ,seminole ,war1 delivered #ahai47 ,i will not trespass much longer upon the time of the committee2 but ,i trust ,i shall be indulged with some few reflections upon the danger of permitting conduct1 ,gen4 ,jackson's arbitrary court-martial1 on which it has been my painful duty to animadvert1 to pass without a solemn expression of the disapprobation of this ,house4 ,recall to your mind the free nations which have gone before us4 ,where are they now8 ,gone glimmering through the dream of things that were1 ,a school-boy's tale1 the wonder of an hour4 ,and how have they lost their liberties8 ,if we could transport ourselves back to the ages when ,greece and ,rome flourished in their greatest prosperity1 and1 mingling in the throng1 should ask a ,grecian whether he did not fear that some daring military chieftain1 covered with glory1 some ,philip or ,alexander1 would one day overthrow the liberties of his country1 the confident and indignant ,grecian would exclaim1 ,no6 no6 we have nothing to fear from our heroes2 our liberties shall be eternal4 ,if a ,roman citizen had been asked whether he did not fear that the conqueror of ,gaul might establish a throne upon the ruins of public liberty1 he would have instantly repelled the unjust insinuation4 ,yet ,greece fell2 ,csar passed the ,rubicon1 and the patriotic arm even of ,brutus could not preserve the liberties of his devoted country4 ,the celebrated ,madame de ,stal1 in her last and perhaps her best work1 has said that in the very year1 almost the very month1 when the president of the ,directory declared that monarchy would never show its frightful head in ,france1 ,bonaparte with his grenadiers entered the palace of ,st4 ,cloud1 and1 dispersing with the bayonet the deputies of the people1 deliberating on the affairs of the state1 laid the foundation of that vast fabric of despotism which overshadowed all ,europe4 ,i hope not to be misunderstood2 ,i am far from intimating that ,general ,jackson cherishes any designs inimical to the liberties of the country4 ,i believe his intentions to be pure and patriotic4 ,i thank ,god that he would not1 but ,i thank ,him still more that he could not if he would1 overturn the liberties of the ,republic4 ,but precedents1 if bad1 are fraught with the most dangerous consequences4 ,man has been described1 by some of those who have treated of his nature1 as a bundle of habits4 ,the definition is much truer when applied to governments4 ,precedents are their habits4 ,there is one important difference between the formation of habits by an individual and by government4 ,he contracts it only after frequent repetition4 ,a single instance fixes the habit and determines the direction of governments4 ,against the alarming doctrine of unlimited discretion in our military commanders1 when applied to prisoners of war1 ,i must enter my protest4 ,it begins upon them2 it will end on us4 ,i hope our happy form of government is to be perpetual4 ,but if it is to be preserved1 it must be by the practice of virtue1 by justice1 by moderation1 by magnanimity1 by greatness of soul1 by keeping a watchful and steady eye on the executive2 and1 above all1 by holding to a strict accountability the military branch of the public force4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,beware how you give a fatal sanction1 in this infant period of our republic1 scarcely yet two score years old1 to military insubordination4 ,remember that ,greece had her ,alexander1 ,rome her ,csar1 ,england her ,cromwell1 ,france her ,bonaparte1 and that1 if we would escape the rock on which they split1 we must avoid their errors4 ,,francis ,,scott ,,key4 #aghjahdc4 ,,francis ,,scott ,,key was born in ,frederick county1 ,maryland1 and was educated at ,st4 ,john's ,college1 ,annapolis4 ,he became a lawyer1 was appointed ,district ,attorney of the ,district of ,columbia1 and spent his life in ,washington ,city4 ,a very handsome monument has been erected to his memory in ,san ,francisco by ,mr4 ,james ,lick3 his song1 the ,star-,spangled ,banner1 will be his enduring monument throughout our country4 ,it was composed during the attack on ,fort ,mc,henry in ,baltimore ,harbor1 #ahad4 ,key had gone to the ,british vessel to get a friend released from imprisonment1 in which he succeeded1 but he was kept on board the enemy's vessel until after the attack on the fort2 and the song commemorates his evening and morning watch for the star-spangled banner on ,fort ,mc,henry1 and the appearance of the flag in the morning's first beam showed that the attack had been successfully resisted4 ,the words were written on an old envelope4 7,see illustrations in the ,century ,magazine1 ,july1 #ahid47 ,,works4 ,poems1 with a sketch by ,chief-,justice ,taney4 ,illustration3 ,star-,spangled ,banner4 ,illustration3 ,obverse ,reverse ,seal of the ,united ,states4 ,,the ,,star-,,spangled ,,banner4 ,oh6 say can you see by the dawn's early light1 ,what so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming8 ,whose broad stripes and bright stars through the clouds of the fight ,o'er the ramparts we watched1 were so gallantly streaming6 ,and the rocket's red glare1 the bombs bursting in air1 ,gave proof through the night that our flag was still there2 ,o1 say1 does that ,star-,spangled banner yet wave ,o'er the land of the free1 and the home of the brave8 ,on that shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep1 ,where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes1 ,what is that which the breeze1 o'er the towering steep1 ,as it fitfully blows1 now conceals1 now discloses8 ,now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam1 ,in full glory reflected now shines on the stream2 ',tis the ,star-,spangled banner2 ,o1 long may it wave ,o'er the land of the free1 and the home of the brave6 ,and where is that band who so vauntingly swore ,that the havoc of war and the battle's confusion ,a home and a country should leave us no more8 ,their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution4 ,no refuge could save the hireling and slave ,from the terror of flight1 or the gloom of the grave2 ,and the ,star-,spangled banner in triumph doth wave ,o'er the land of the free1 and the home of the brave4 ,oh6 thus be it ever1 when freemen shall stand ,between their loved home and the war's desolation6 ,blest with victory and peace1 may the heaven-rescued land ,praise the ,power that hath made and preserved us a nation6 ,then conquer we must1 when our cause it is just1 ,and this be our motto--,in ,god is our trust-- ,and the ,star-,spangled banner in triumph shall wave ,o'er the land of the free1 and the home of the brave4 ,,john ,,james ,,audubon4 #aghjahea4 ,illustration3 ,scene in ,louisiana4 ,,john ,,james ,,audubon was born near ,new ,orleans and educated in ,france where he studied painting under ,david4 ,while still a young man1 his father put him in charge of a country estate in ,pennsylvania4 ,afterwards he engaged in mercantile persuits in ,philadelphia1 ,louisville1 ,new ,orleans1 and ,henderson1 ,kentucky1 but unsuccessfully2 for he knew and cared much more about the birds1 flowers1 and beasts around him than about the kinds and prices of goods that his neighbors needed4 ,his great literary and artistic work is ,the ,birds of ,america1 consisting of five volumes of ,ornithological ,biographies and four volumes of exquisite portraits of birds1 life-size1 in natural colors1 and surrounded by the plants which each one most likes4 ,quadrupeds of ,america was prepared mainly by his sons and ,rev4 ,john ,bachman of ,south ,carolina4 ,these works gave him a ,european reputation4 ,he died at ,minniesland1 now ,audubon ,park1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,his style in writing is pure1 vivid1 and so clear as to place before us the very thing or event described4 ,the accounts of his travels and of the adventures he met with in his search for his birds and animals are very natural and picturesque2 and they show also his own fine nature and attractive character4 ,a biography arranged from his diary by ,mrs4 ,audubon was published in ,new ,york1 #ahfh4 ,see also ,samuel ,smiles' ,brief ,biographies4 ,the ,state ,library of ,north ,carolina possesses a set of ,audubon's invaluable works1 of which there are only eight sets in ,america4 ,,the ,,mocking-,,bird4 ,it is where the great magnolia shoots up its majestic trunk1 crowned with evergreen leaves1 and decorated with a thousand beautiful flowers1 that perfume the air around2 where the forests and the fields are adorned with blossoms of every hue2 where the golden orange ornaments the gardens and groves2 where bignonias of various kinds interlace their climbing stems around the white-flowered ,stuartia1 and1 mounting still higher1 cover the summits of the lofty trees around1 accompanied with innumerable vines1 that here and there festoon the dense foliage of the magnificent woods1 lending to the vernal breeze a slight portion of the perfume of their clustered flowers2 where a genial warmth seldom forsakes the atmosphere2 where berries and fruits of all descriptions are met with at every step2 in a word1 kind reader1 it is where ,nature seems to have paused1 as she passed over the earth1 and1 opening her stores1 to have strewed with unsparing hand the diversified seeds from which have sprung all the beautiful and splendid forms which ,i should in vain attempt to describe1 that the mocking-bird should have fixed his abode1 there only that its wondrous song should be heard4 ,but where is that favored land8 ,it is in that great continent to whose distant shores ,europe has sent forth her adventurous sons1 to wrest for themselves a habitation from the wild inhabitants of the forest1 and to convert the neglected soil into fields of exuberant fertility4 ,it is1 reader1 in ,louisiana that these bounties of nature are in the greatest perfection4 ,it is there that you should listen to the love-song of the mocking-bird1 as ,i at this moment do4 ,see how he flies round his mate1 with motions as light as those of the butterfly6 ,his tail is widely expanded1 he mounts in the air to a small distance1 describes a circle1 and1 again alighting1 approaches his beloved one1 his eyes gleaming with delight1 for she has already promised to be his and his only4 ,his beautiful wings are gently raised1 he bows to his love1 and1 again bouncing upwards1 opens his bill and pours forth his melody1 full of exultation at the conquest which he has made4 ,they are not the soft sounds of the flute or of the hautboy that ,i hear1 but the sweeter notes of ,nature's own music4 ,the mellowness of the song1 the varied modulations and gradations1 the extent of its compass1 the great brilliancy of execution1 are unrivalled4 ,there is probably no bird in the world that possesses all the musical qualifications of this king of song1 who has derived all from ,nature's self4 ,yes1 reader1 all6 ,no sooner has he again alighted1 and the conjugal contract has been sealed1 than1 as if his breast was about to be rent with delight1 he again pours forth his notes with more softness and richness than before4 ,he now soars higher1 glancing around with a vigilant eye to assure himself that none has witnessed his bliss4 ,when these love-scenes1 visible only to the ardent lover of nature1 are over1 he dances through the air1 full of animation and delight1 and as if to convince his lovely mate that to enrich her hopes he has much more love in store1 he that moment begins anew and imitates all the notes which ,nature has imparted to the other songsters of the grove4 ,,the ,,humming-,,bird4 ,no sooner has the returning sun again introduced the vernal season1 and caused millions of plants to expand their leaves and blossoms to his genial beams1 than the little ,humming-,bird is seen advancing on fairy wings1 carefully visiting every opening flower-cup1 and1 like a curious florist1 removing from each the injurious insects that otherwise would ere long cause their beauteous petals to droop and decay4 ,poised in the air1 it is observed peeping cautiously1 and with sparkling eyes1 into their innermost recesses1 while the ethereal motions of its pinions1 so rapid and so light1 appear to fan and cool the flower1 without injuring its fragile texture1 and produce a delightful murmuring sound1 well adapted for lulling the insects to repose4 ,then is the moment for the ,humming-,bird to secure them4 ,its long delicate bill enters the cup of the flower1 and the protruded double-tubed tongue1 delicately sensible1 and imbued with a glutinous saliva1 touches each insect in succession1 and draws it from its lurking place1 to be instantly swallowed4 ,all this is done in a moment1 and the bird1 as it leaves the flower1 sips so small a portion of its liquid honey1 that the theft1 we may suppose1 is looked upon with a grateful feeling by the flower1 which is thus kindly relieved from the attacks of her destroyers4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,its gorgeous throat in beauty and brilliancy baffles all competition4 ,now it glows with a fiery hue1 and again it is changed to the deepest velvety black4 ,the upper parts of its delicate body are of resplendent changing green2 and it throws itself through the air with a swiftness and vivacity hardly conceivable4 ,it moves from one flower to another like a gleam of light1 upwards1 downwards1 to the right1 and to the left4 ,,thomas ,,hart ,,benton4 #aghbaheh4 ,,thomas ,,hart ,,benton was born in ,hillsboro1 ,north ,carolina1 and was partly educated at the ,state ,university4 ,he left before graduation1 however1 and removed with his widowed mother to ,tennessee1 where twenty-five miles south of ,nashville they made a home1 around which a settlement called ,bentontown gradually grew up4 ,he studied law with ,st4 ,george ,tucker1 began to practice in ,nashville1 and was elected to the ,state ,legislature in #ahaa4 ,in #ahae he removed to ,st4 ,louis1 and was elected ,united ,states ,senator in #ahbj on the admission of ,missouri to the ,union4 ,he worked heartily and successfully in the interests of settlers in the ,west4 ,his title ,old ,bullion was derived from his famous speeches on the currency1 during ,jackson's administration1 and they gained him a ,european reputation4 ,he and ,calhoun were opposed to each other on almost every question1 and they carried on a ferocious warfare in the ,senate4 ,he was a ,senator for thirty years1 #ahbj-ej1 and his great work gives an account of men and measures during that very exciting and intensely interesting period1 in which he was himself one of the most prominent actors4 ,a fine statue was erected to him in the park at ,st4 ,louis4 ,,works4 ,thirty ,years' ,view of the ,workings of ,our ,government4 ,abridgment of the ,debates of ,congress4 ,examination of the ,dred ,scott ,case4 ,benton's style as an orator was easy1 full1 and strong1 showing him well acquainted with his subject and confident of his powers4 ,the ,thirty ,years' ,view is noted for its excellent arrangement and for a style easy and fluent yet not diffuse4 ,it is a succession of historical tableaux1 of which the following extract presents one of the most famous4 ,,the ,,duel ,,between ,,randolph ,,and ,,clay4 7,from ,thirty ,years' ,view4#g7 ,saturday1 the #hth of ,april 7#ahbf7--the day for the duel--had come1 and almost the hour4 ,it was noon1 and the meeting was to take place at #d o'clock4 ,i had gone to see ,mr4 ,randolph before the hour1 and for a purpose2 and1 besides1 it was so far on the way1 as he lived half-way to ,georgetown1 and we had to pass through that place to cross the ,potomac into ,virginia at the ,little ,falls ,bridge4 ,i had heard nothing from him on the point of not returning the fire since the first communication to that effect1 eight days before4 ,i had no reason to doubt the steadiness of his determination1 but felt a desire to have fresh assurance of it after so many days' delay1 and so near approach of the trying moment4 ,i knew it would not do to ask him the question--any question which would imply a doubt of his word4 ,his sensitive feelings would be hurt and annoyed at it4 ,so ,i fell upon a scheme to get at the inquiry without seeming to make it4 ,i told him of my visit to ,mr4 ,clay the night before--of the late sitting--the child asleep--the unconscious tranquillity of ,mrs4 ,clay2 and added1 ,i could not help reflecting how different all that might be the next night4 ,he understood me perfectly1 and immediately said1 with a quietude of look and expression which seemed to rebuke an unworthy doubt1 ,i shall do nothing to disturb the sleep of the child or the repose of the mother1 and went on with his employment 4 4 4 4 which was1 making codicils to his will1 all in the way of remembrance to friends4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,i withdrew a little way into the woods1 and kept my eyes fixed on ,mr4 ,randolph1 who ,i then knew to be the only one in danger4 ,i saw him receive the fire of ,mr4 ,clay1 saw the gravel knocked up in the same place1 saw ,mr4 ,randolph raise his pistol--discharge it in the air2 heard him say1 ,i do not fire at you1 ,mr4 ,clay2 and immediately advancing and offering his hand4 ,he was met in the same spirit4 ,they met halfway1 shook hands1 ,mr4 ,randolph saying1 jocosely1 ,you owe me a coat1 ,mr4 ,clay--7the bullet had passed through the skirt of the coat1 very near the hip7--to which ,mr4 ,clay promptly and happily replied1 ,i am glad the debt is no greater4 ,i had come up and was prompt to proclaim what ,i had been obliged to keep secret for eight days4 ,the joy of all was extreme at this happy termination of a most critical affair3 and we immediately left1 with lighter hearts than we brought4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,on ,monday the parties exchanged cards1 and social relations were formally and courteously restored4 ,it was about the last high-toned duel that ,i have witnessed1 and among the highest-toned that ,i have ever witnessed2 and so happily conducted to a fortunate issue--a result due to the noble character of the seconds as well as to the generous and heroic spirit of the principals4 ,certainly1 duelling is bad1 and has been put down1 but not quite so bad as its substitute--revolvers1 bowie-knives1 blackguarding1 and street-assassinations under the pretext of self-defence4 ,,footnote3 #g ,by permission of ,d4 ,appleton and ,company1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,john ,,caldwell ,,calhoun4 #aghbahej4 ,,john ,,caldwell ,,calhoun is one of the greatest statesmen that ,america has produced4 ,he was of ,scotch and ,irish descent1 and was born in ,abbeville ,county1 ,south ,carolina4 ,he received his early education from his brother-in-law1 the distinguished ,dr4 ,moses ,waddell1 then attended ,yale ,college1 and studied law4 ,early in life1 #ahaa1 he entered the political arena1 and remained in it to the day of his death4 ,as ,secretary of ,war under ,president ,monroe1 he re-organized the department on the basis which is still maintained4 ,he was elected ,vice-president with ,adams in #ahbd1 re-elected with ,jackson1 #ahbh1 and became ,united ,states ,senator1 #ahcb1 succeeding ,robert ,y4 ,hayne who had been chosen governor of ,south ,carolina in the ,nullification crisis4 ,from this time forth until his death1 he was in the midst of incessant political toil1 strife1 and activity1 having ,webster1 ,clay1 ,benton1 ,hayne1 ,randolph1 ,grundy1 ,hunter1 and ,cass1 for his great companions4 ,edward ,everett said3 ,calhoun1 ,clay1 ,webster6 ,i name them in alphabetical order4 ,what other precedence can be assigned them8 ,clay the great leader1 ,webster the great orator1 ,calhoun the great thinker4 ,as a boy he must often have heard his father say1 ,that government is the best which allows the largest amount of individual liberty compatible with social order4 ,his most famous political act is his advocacy of ,nullification1 an explanation and defence of which are found in the extract below4 ,he was a devoted adherent of the ,union4 7,see under ,jefferson ,davis47 ,his life seems to have been entirely political2 but he was very fond of his home where there was always a cheerful happy household4 ,this home1 ,fort ,hill1 was in the lovely upland region of ,south ,carolina in ,oconee ,county4 ,it became the property of his daughter1 ,mrs4 ,thomas ,g4 ,clemson1 and ,mr4 ,clemson left it at his death to the ,state1 which has now established there an ,agricultural and ,mechanical ,college4 ,mr4 ,calhoun died in ,washington ,city1 and was buried in ,st4 ,philip's ,churchyard1 ,charleston1 his grave being marked by a monument4 ,his preeminence in ,south ,carolina during his life has not ceased with his death4 ,his picture is found everywhere and his memory is still living throughout the entire country4 ,see ,life1 by ,jenkins1 and by ,von ,hoist4 ,see under ,stephens4 ,,works4 ,speeches and ,state ,papers 7#f vols47 edited by ,richard ,k4 ,crall4 ,illustration3 ,old ,presbyterian ,church at which ,calhoun worshiped ,,jno ,c ,,calhoun ,the ,calhoun ,homestead at ,fort ,hill ,calhouns ,grave in ,st4 ,phillips ,churchyard4 ,calhoun has been called the philosopher of statesmen1 and his style accords with this description4 ,his eloquence was part of his intellectual character4 ,it was plain1 strong1 terse1 condensed1 concise2 sometimes impassioned1 still always severe4 ,rejecting ornament1 not often seeking far for illustration1 his power consisted in the plainness of his propositions1 in the closeness of his logic1 and in the earnestness and energy of his manner4--,daniel ,webster4 ,,war ,,and ,,peace4 ,war can make us great2 but let it never be forgotten that peace only can make us both great and free4 ,,system ,,of ,,our ,,government4 7,speech on ,state ,rights and ,union1 #ahcd47 ,i know of no system1 ancient or modern1 to be compared with it2 and can compare it to nothing but that sublime and beautiful system of which our globe constitutes a part1 and to which it bears1 in many particulars1 so striking a resemblance4 ,,defence ,,of ,,nullification4 7,from a ,speech against the ,force ,bill1 after the ,state of ,south ,carolina had passed the ,ordinance of ,nullification1 #ahcc47 ,a deep constitutional question lies at the bottom of the controversy4 ,the real question at issue is1 ,has the government a right to impose burdens on the capital and industry of one portion of the country1 not with a view to revenue1 but to benefit another8 and ,i must be permitted to say that after a long and deep agitation of this controversy1 it is with surprise that ,i perceive so strong a disposition to misrepresent its real character4 ,to correct the impression which those misrepresentations are calculated to make1 ,i will dwell on the point under consideration a few moments longer4 ,the ,federal ,government has1 by an express provision of the ,constitution1 the right to lay duties on imports4 ,the state never denied or resisted this right1 nor even thought of so doing4 ,the government has1 however1 not been contented with exercising this power as she had a right to do1 but has gone a step beyond it1 by laying imposts1 not for revenue1 but for protection4 ,this the state considers as an unconstitutional exercise of power1 highly injurious and oppressive to her and the other staple states1 and has accordingly1 met it with the most determined resistance4 ,i do not intend to enter1 at this time1 into the argument as to the unconstitutionality of the protective system4 ,it is not necessary4 ,it is sufficient that the power is nowhere granted2 and that1 from the journals of the ,convention which formed the ,constitution1 it would seem that it was refused4 ,in support of the journals1 ,i might cite the statement of ,luther ,martin1 which has already been referred to1 to show that the ,convention1 so far from conferring the power on the ,federal ,government1 left to the state the right to impose duties on imports1 with the express view of enabling the several states to protect their own manufactures4 ,notwithstanding this1 ,congress has assumed1 without any warrant from the ,constitution1 the right of exercising this most important power1 and has so exercised it as to impose a ruinous burden on the labor and capital of the state of ,south ,carolina1 by which her resources are exhausted1 the enjoyments of her citizens curtailed1 the means of education contracted1 and all her interests essentially and injuriously affected4 ,we have been sneeringly told that she is a small state2 that her population does not exceed half a million of souls2 and that more than one half are not of the ,european race4 ,the facts are so4 ,i know she never can be a great state1 and that the only distinction to which she can aspire must be based on the moral and intellectual acquirements of her sons4 ,to the development of these much of her attention has been directed2 but this restrictive system1 which has so unjustly exacted the proceeds of her labor1 to be bestowed on other sections1 has so impaired the resources of the state1 that1 if not speedily arrested1 it will dry up the means of education1 and with it deprive her of the only source through which she can aspire to distinction4 4 4 4 4 ,the people of the state believe that the ,union is a union of states1 and not of individuals2 that it was formed by the states1 and that the citizens of the several states were bound to it through the acts of their several states2 that each state ratified the ,constitution for itself2 and that it was only by such ratification of a state that any obligation was imposed upon the citizens2 thus believing1 it is the opinion of the people of ,carolina1 that it belongs to the state which has imposed the obligation to declare1 in the last resort1 the extent of this obligation1 so far as her citizens are concerned2 and this upon the plain principles which exist in all analogous cases of compact between sovereign bodies4 ,on this principle1 the people of the state1 acting in their sovereign capacity in convention1 precisely as they adopted their own and the federal ,constitution1 have declared by the ordinance1 that the acts of ,congress which imposed duties under the authority to lay imposts1 are acts1 not for revenue1 as intended by the ,constitution1 but for protection1 and therefore null and void4 ,mr4 ,calhoun's biographer1 ,mr4 ,jenkins1 adds1 ,nullification1 it has been said1 was 'a little hurricane while it lasted2' but it cooled the air1 and 'left a beneficial effect on the atmosphere4' ,its influence was decidedly healthful4 ,,the ,,wise ,,choice4 7,from a speech in #ahaf47 ,this country is now in a situation similar to that which one of the most beautiful writers of antiquity ascribes to ,hercules in his youth4 ,he represents the hero as retiring into the wilderness to deliberate on the course of life which he ought to choose4 ,two goddesses approach him2 one recommending a life of ease and pleasure2 the other1 of labor and virtue4 ,the hero adopts the counsel of the latter1 and his fame and glory are known to the world4 ,may this country1 the youthful ,hercules1 possessing his form and muscles1 be animated by similar sentiments1 and follow his example6 ,,official ,,patronage4 7,speech in the ,senate1 #ahce47 ,their object is to get and hold office2 and their leading political maxim 4 4 4 is that1 to the victors belong the spoils of victory6#h 4 4 4 ,can any one1 who will duly reflect on these things1 venture to say that all is sound1 and that our ,government is not undergoing a great and fatal change8 ,let us not deceive ourselves1 the very essence of a free government consists in considering offices as public trusts1 bestowed for the good of the country1 and not for the benefit of an individual or a party2 and that system of political morals which regards offices in a different light1 as public prizes to be won by combatants most skilled in all the arts and corruption of political tactics1 and to be used and enjoyed as their proper spoils--strikes a fatal blow at the very vitals of free institutions4 ,,footnote3 #h ,william ,l4 ,marcy of ,new ,york1 in the ,senate1 #ahca4 ,,nathaniel ,,beverley ,,tucker4 #aghdahea4 ,,beverley ,,tucker1 as he is usually known1 was the son ,st4 ,george ,tucker and half-brother to ,john ,randolph of ,roanoke4 ,he was born at ,williamsburg1 ,virginia1 educated at ,william and ,mary ,college1 and studied law4 ,from #ahae to #ahcj he lived in ,missouri and practiced his profession with great success4 ,he returned to ,virginia1 and became in #ahcd professor of ,law in ,william and ,mary ,college1 filling that position until his death4 ,by his public writings and by correspondence with various prominent men1 he took a leading part in the political movements of his times4 ,,works4 ,the ,partisan ,leader1 a ,tale of the ,future1 by ,william ,edward ,sydney4 ,george ,balcombe1 a novel4 ,life of ,john ,randolph1 his half-brother4 ,essays1 in ,southern ,literary ,messenger4 ,political ,science4 ,principles of ,pleading4 ,of ,judge ,tucker's style1 his friend1 ,wm4 ,gilmore ,simms1 with whom he long corresponded1 says3 ,i regard him as one of the best prose writers of the ,united ,states4 ,his novel1 ,the ,partisan ,leader1 made a great sensation4 ,it was published in #ahcf2 the story was laid in #ahdi1 and described prophetically almost the exact course of events in #ahfa4 ,it was suppressed for political reasons1 but was reprinted in #ahfa as a ,key to the ,disunion ,conspiracy4 ,the extract is from the beginning of the book and introduces us at once to several interesting characters amid the wild scenery of our mountains4 ,,the ,,partisan ,,leader1 7,,written ,,in #ahcf74 ,the scene is laid in ,virginia1 near the close of the year #ahdi4 ,by a long series of encroachments by the federal government on the rights and powers of the states1 our federative system is supposed to be destroyed1 and a consolidated government1 with the forms of a republic and the powers of a monarchy1 to be established on its ruins4 4 4 4 4 4 ,as a mere political speculation1 it is but too probably correct4 ,we trust that a benign ,providence will so order events as that it may not prove also a ,,political ,,prophecy4--,sou4 ,lit4 ,messenger1 ,jan41 #ahcg4 ,toward the latter end of the month of ,october1 #ahdi1 about the hour of noon1 a horseman was seen ascending a narrow valley at the ,eastern foot of the ,blue ,ridge4 ,his road nearly followed the course of a small stream1 which1 issuing from a deep gorge of the mountain1 winds its way between lofty hills1 and terminates its brief and brawling course in one of the larger tributaries of the ,dan4 ,a glance of the eye took in the whole of the little settlement that lined its banks1 and measured the resources of its inhabitants4 ,the different tenements were so near to each other as to allow but a small patch of arable land to each4 ,of manufactures there was no appearance1 save only a rude shed at the entrance of the valley1 on the door of which the oft-repeated brand of the horseshoe gave token of a smithy4 ,there1 too1 the rivulet1 increased by the innumerable springs which afforded to every habitation the unappreciated1 but inappreciable luxury of water1 cold1 clear1 and sparkling1 had gathered strength enough to turn a tiny mill4 ,of trade there could be none4 ,the bleak and rugged barrier1 which closed the scene on the west1 and the narrow road1 fading to a foot-path1 gave assurance to the traveller that he had here reached the ne plus ultra of social life in that direction4 4 4 4 4 ,at length he heard a sound of voices1 and then a shrill whistle1 and all was still4 ,immediately1 some half a dozen men1 leaping a fence1 ranged themselves across the road and faced him4 ,he observed that each1 as he touched the ground1 laid hold of a rifle that leaned against the enclosure1 and this circumstance drew his attention to twenty or more of these formidable weapons1 ranged along in the same position4 4 4 4 ,as the traveller drew up his horse1 one of the men1 speaking in a low and quiet tone1 said1 ,we want a word with you1 stranger1 before you go any farther4 ,as many as you please1 replied the other1 for ,i am tired and hungry1 and so is my horse2 and ,i am glad to find some one at last1 of whom ,i may hope to purchase something for both of us to eat4 ,that you can have quite handy1 said the countryman1 for we have been gathering corn1 and were just going to our dinner4 ,if you will only just 'light1 sir1 one of the boys can feed your horse1 and you can take such as we have got to give you4 ,the invitation was accepted2 the horse was taken in charge by a long-legged lad of fifteen1 without hat or shoes2 and the whole party crossed the fence together4 ,at the moment a man was seen advancing toward them1 who1 observing their approach1 fell back a few steps1 and threw himself on the ground at the foot of a large old apple-tree4 ,around this were clustered a motley group of men1 women1 and boys1 who opened and made way for the stranger4 ,he advanced1 and bowing gracefully took off his forage cap1 from beneath which a quantity of soft curling flaxen hair fell over his brow and cheeks4 ,every eye was now fixed on him1 with an expression rather of interest than of mere curiosity4 ,every countenance was serious and composed1 and all wore an air of business1 except that a slight titter was heard among the girls1 who1 hovering behind the backs of their mothers1 peeped through the crowd1 to get a look at the handsome stranger4 4 4 4 4 ,as the youth approached1 the man at the foot of the tree arose1 and returned the salutation1 which seemed unheeded by the rest4 ,he advanced a step or two and invited the stranger to be seated4 ,this action1 and the looks turned towards him by the others1 showed that he was in authority of some sort among them4 ,with him1 therefore1 our traveller concluded that the proposed conference was to be held4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,he was at length asked whence he came1 and answered1 from the neighborhood of ,richmond4--,from which side of the river8--,from the north side4--,did he know anything of ,van ,courtlandt8--,his camp was at ,bacon's branch1 just above the town4--,what force had he8 ,i cannot say1 certainly1 he replied1 but common fame made his numbers about four thousand4 ,is that all1 on both sides of the river8 said his interrogator4 ,o1 no6 ,col4 ,loyal's regiment is at ,petersburg1 and ,col4 ,cole's at ,manchester2 each about five hundred strong2 and there is a piquet on the ,bridge ,island4 ,did you cross there8 ,i did not4 ,where1 then8 he was asked4 ,i can hardly tell you1 he replied1 it was at a private ford1 several miles above ,cartersville4 ,was not that mightily out of the way8 ,what made you come so far around8 ,it was safer travelling on that side of the river4 ,then the people on that side of the river are your friends8 ,no4 ,they are not4 ,but1 as they are all of a color there1 they would let me pass1 and ask no questions1 as long as ,i travelled due west4 ,on this side1 if you are one man's friend1 you are the next man's enemy2 and ,i had no mind to answer questions4 ,you seem to answer them now mighty freely4 ,that is true4 ,i am like a letter that tells all it knows as soon as it gets to the right hand2 but it does not want to be opened before that4 ,and how do you know that you have got to the right hand now8 ,because ,i know where ,i am4 ,and where are you8 ,just at the foot of the ,devil's-,backbone1 replied the youth4 ,were you ever here before8 ,never in my life4 ,how do you know then where you are8 asked the mountaineer4 ,because the right way to avoid questions is to ask none4 ,so ,i took care to know all about the road1 and the country1 and the place1 before ,i left home4 ,and who told you all about it8 ,suppose ,i should tell you1 answered the young man1 that ,van ,courtlandt had a map of the country made1 and gave it to me4 ,i should say you were a traitor to him1 or a spy upon us1 was the stern reply4 ,at the same moment1 a startled hum was heard from the crowd1 and the press moved and swayed for an instant1 as if a sort of spasm had pervaded the whole mass4 ,you are a good hand at questioning1 said the youth1 with a smile1 but without asking a single question1 ,i have found out all ,i wanted to know4 ,and what was that8 asked the other4 ,whether you were friends to the ,yorkers and ,yankees1 or to poor old ,virginia4 ,and which are we for8 added the laconic mountaineer4 ,for old ,virginia forever1 replied the youth4 4 4 4 4 ,it was echoed in a shout1 4 4 4 4 their proud war-cry of old ,virginia forever4 ,,david ,,crockett4 #aghfahcf4 ,this renowned hunter and pioneer1 commonly called ,davy ,crockett1 was born in ,limestone1 ,green ,county1 ,tennessee4 ,his free and wild youth was spent in hunting4 ,he became a soldier in the war of #ahab3 he was elected to the ,tennessee ,legislature in #ahba and #ahbc1 and to ,congress in #ahbi and #ahcc4 ,his eccentricity of manners1 his lack of education1 and his strong common sense and shrewdness made him a marked figure1 especially in ,washington4 ,in #ahce he went to ,texas to aid in the struggle for independence2 and in #ahcf1 was massacred by ,general ,santa ,anna1 with five other prisoners1 after the surrender of the ,alamo1 these six being the only survivors of a band of one hundred and forty ,texans4 ,see ,life by ,edward ,s4 ,ellis4 ,,works4 ,autobiography4 ,a ,tour to the ,north and ,down ,east4 ,life of ,van ,buren1 ,heir-,apparent to the ,government4 ,crockett's autobiography was written to correct various mistakes in an unauthorized account of his life and adventures1 that was largely circulated4 ,his books are unique in literature as he is in human nature1 and they give us an original account of things4 ,as to literary criticism of his works and style1 see his own opinion in the extract below4 ,,spelling ,,and ,,grammar--,,his ,,prologue4 7,from ,a ,narrative of the ,life of ,david ,crockett1 of the ,state of ,tennessee4 ,written by ,himself4 #ahcd47 ,illustration3 ,alamo1 ,san ,antonio1 ,texas4 ,i don't know of anything in my book to be criticised on by honourable men4 ,is it on my spelling8--that's not my trade4 ,is it on my grammar8--,i hadn't time to learn it1 and make no pretensions to it4 ,is it on the order and arrangement of my book8--,i never wrote one before1 and never read very many2 and1 of course1 know mighty little about that4 ,will it be on the authorship of the book8--this ,i claim1 and ,i'll hang on to it1 like a wax plaster4 ,the whole book is my own1 and every sentiment and sentence in it4 ,i would not be such a fool1 or knave either1 as to deny that ,i have had it hastily run over by a friend or so1 and that some little alterations have been made in the spelling and grammar2 and ,i am not so sure that it is not the worse of even that1 for ,i despise this way of spelling contrary to nature4 ,and as for grammar1 it's pretty much a thing of nothing at last1 after all the fuss that's made about it4 ,in some places1 ,i wouldn't suffer either the spelling1 or grammar1 or anything else to be touch'd2 and therefore it will be found in my own way4 ,but if anybody complains that ,i have had it looked over1 ,i can only say to him1 her1 or them--as the case may be--that while critics were learning grammar1 and learning to spell1 ,i1 and ,doctor ,jackson1 ,l4 ,l4 ,d4 were fighting in the wars2 and if our books1 and messages1 and proclamations1 and cabinet writings1 and so forth1 and so on1 should need a little looking over1 and a little correcting of the spelling and grammar to make them fit for use1 it's just nobody's business4 ,big men have more important matters to attend to than crossing their t's and dotting their i's--1 and such like small things4 ,,on ,a ,,bear ,,hunt4 7,from the ,life of ,david ,crockett4 ,written by ,himself4 #ahcd47 ,it was mighty dark1 and was difficult to see my way or anything else4 ,when ,i got up the hill1 ,i found ,i had passed the dogs1 and so ,i turned and went to them4 ,i found1 when ,i got there1 they had treed the bear in a large forked poplar1 and it was setting in the fork4 ,i could see the lump1 but not plain enough to shoot with any certainty1 as there was no moonlight2 and so ,i set in to hunting for some dry brush to make me a light2 but ,i could find none4 ,at last ,i thought ,i could shoot by guess1 and kill him2 so ,i pointed as near the lump as ,i could1 and fired away4 ,but the bear didn't come2 he only clomb up higher1 and got out on a limb1 which helped me to see him better4 ,i now loaded up again and fired1 but this time he didn't move at all4 ,i commenced loading for a third fire1 but the first thing ,i knowed the bear was down among my dogs1 and they were fighting all around me4 ,i had my big butcher in my belt1 and ,i had a pair of dressed buckskin breeches on4 ,so ,i took out my knife1 and stood1 determined1 if he should get hold of me1 to defend myself in the best way ,i could4 ,i stood there for some time1 and could now and then see a white dog ,i had1 but the rest of them1 and the bear1 which were dark coloured1 ,i couldn't see at all1 it was so miserable dark4 ,they still fought around me1 and sometimes within three feet of me2 but1 at last1 the bear got down into one of the cracks that the earthquake had made in the ground1 about four feet deep1 and ,i could tell the biting end of him by the hollering of my dogs4 ,so ,i took my gun and pushed the muzzle of it about1 till ,i thought ,i had it against the main part of his body1 and fired2 but it happened to be only the fleshy part of his foreleg4 ,with this1 ,i jumped out of the crack1 and he and the dogs had another hard fight around me1 as before4 ,at last1 however1 they forced him back into the crack again1 as he was when ,i had shot4 4 4 ,i made a lounge with my long knife1 and fortunately stuck him right through the heart2 at which he just sank down1 and ,i crawled out in a hurry4 ,in a little while my dogs all come out too1 and seemed satisfied1 which was the way they always had of telling me that they had finished him4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,we prepared for resting that night1 and ,i can a-sure the reader ,i was in need of it4 ,we had laid down by our fire1 and about ten o'clock there came a most terrible earthquake1 which shook the earth so1 that we were rocked about like we had been in a cradle4 ,we were very much alarmed2 for though we were accustomed to feel earthquakes1 we were now right in the region which had been torn to pieces by them in #ahab1 and we thought it might take a notion and swallow us up1 like the big fish did ,jonah4 ,in the morning we packed up and moved to the harricane1 where we made another camp1 and turned out that evening and killed a very large bear1 which made eight we had now killed in this hunt4 ,the next morning we entered the harricane again1 and in little or no time my dogs were in full cry4 ,we pursued them1 and soon came to a thick cane-brake in which they had stopp'd their bear4 ,we got up close to him1 as the cane was so thick that we couldn't see more than a few feet4 ,here ,i made my friend hold the cane a little open with his gun till ,i shot the bear1 which was a mighty large one4 ,i killed him dead in his tracks4 ,we got him out and butchered him1 and in a little time started another and killed him1 which now made ten we had killed and we know'd we couldn't pack any more home1 as we had only five horses along2 therefore we returned to the camp and salted up all our meat1 to be ready for a start homeward next morning4 ,the morning came and we packed our horses with the meat1 and had as much as they could possibly carry1 and sure enough cut out for home4 ,it was about thirty miles1 and we reached home the second day4 ,i 4 4 4 had killed in all1 up to that time1 fifty-eight bears1 during the fall and winter4 ,as soon as the time came for them to quit their houses and come out again in the spring1 ,i took a notion to hunt a little more1 and in about one month ,i had killed forty-seven more1 which made one hundred and five bears ,i had killed in less than one year from that time4 4 4 4 ,motto4--,be sure you are right--then go ahead4 ,,richard ,,henry ,,wilde4 #aghiahdg4 ,,richard ,,henry ,,wilde was a native of ,ireland but was brought to this country when a child of nine4 ,his father died in #ahjb and the widowed mother took up her residence in ,augusta1 ,georgia4 ,he studied law and became a successful practitioner4 ,he was ,attorney-,general of the ,state1 and served also in the ,legislature and in ,congress4 ,he spent the years #ahcd-dj in ,europe studying chiefly ,italian literature2 in his researches he discovered some old documents relating to ,dante and a portrait of him painted by ,giotto on a wall which had become covered over with whitewash4 ,on his return to ,america he settled in ,new ,orleans and became professor of ,law in the ,university of ,louisiana4 ,he died there of yellow fever4 ,he began an epic poem1 suggested by the life and adventures of his brother1 ,james ,wilde1 in the ,seminole war4 ,but it was never finished3 all that remains of it now is the fine lyric1 ,my ,life is ,like the ,summer ,rose4 ,this song was translated by ,anthony ,barclay into ,greek and announced to be a newly discovered ode of ,alcaeus4 ,this claim was soon disproved by the scholars1 and to ,mr4 ,wilde was given his due meed of poetic authorship4 ,it appears in ,stedman's ,library of ,american ,literature1 as dedicated to ,mrs4 ,white-,beatty1 daughter of ,gen4 ,john ,adair1 of ,ky41 the beautiful ,florida ,white of ,casa ,bianca1 ,florida4--,see ,life1 ,labors1 and ,grave of ,wilde1 by ,c4 ,c4 ,jones1 ,jr4 ,,works4 ,conjectures and ,researches concerning the ,love1 ,madness1 and ,imprisonment of ,tasso1 7containing translations of poems47 ,petrarch4 ,poems1 original and translated4 ,life of ,dante1 unfinished4 ,hesperia4 ,,my ,,life ,,is ,,like ,,the ,,summer ,,rose4 ,my life is like the summer rose1 ,that opens to the morning sky1 ,and ere the shades of evening close1 ,is scattered on the ground to die2 ,yet on that rose's humble bed ,the sweetest dews of night are shed ,as though she wept such waste to see2 ,but none shall weep a tear for me6 ,my life is like the autumn leaf ,which trembles in the moon's pale ray1 ,its hold is frail1 its date is brief1 ,restless1 and soon to pass away2 ,yet when that leaf shall fall and fade1 ,the parent tree will mourn its shade1 ,the wind bewail the leafless tree2 ,but none shall breathe a sigh for me6 ,my life is like the prints which feet ,have left on ,tampa's desert strand1 ,soon as the rising tide shall beat ,their trace will vanish from the sand2 ,yet still as grieving to efface ,all vestige of the human race1 ,on that lone shore loud moans the sea2 ,but none1 alas6 shall mourn for me6 ,,augustus ,,baldwin ,,longstreet4 #agijahgj4 ,,augustus ,,baldwin ,,longstreet was born in ,augusta1 ,georgia4 ,he became first a lawyer and was elected to the ,state ,legislature in #ahba and judge of the ,superior ,court in #ahbb4 ,later he became a clergyman in the ,methodist ,church and president of ,emory ,college1 ,georgia1 being afterwards successively president of ,centenary ,college1 ,louisiana1 of the ,university of ,mississippi1 and of ,south ,carolina ,college4 ,his best-known book1 ,georgia ,scenes1 seems in his later days to have troubled his conscience and he tried to suppress it entirely4 ,but sketches so amusing and so true to life would not be suppressed4 ,see ,sketch in ,miss ,rutherford's ,american ,authors1 7,atlanta74 ,,works4 ,essays and ,articles in various magazines4 ,letters to ,clergymen of the ,northern ,methodist ,church4 ,letters from ,georgia to ,massachusetts4 ,georgia ,scenes1 ,characters1 ,incidents1 in ,first ,half ,century of the ,republic1 by a ,native ,georgian4 ,master ,william ,mitten4 ,,ned ,,brace ,,at ,,church4 7,from ,georgia ,scenes1 first edition1 #ahce4i7 ,ned ,brace was a real personage1 ,judge ,edmund ,bacon1 born in ,virginia1 #aggf1 lived in ,edgefield1 ,south ,carolina1 and died there in #ahbf4 ,he was of very social1 hospitable nature1 a practical joker1 and1 as ,dr4 ,maxcy called him1 a perfect ,garrick in his conversation4 ,he was a lawyer of great ability1 and when very young and a student at ,augusta he was appointed to deliver an address of welcome to ,washington on his ,southern tour4 ,if the following anecdotes are not true1 they might well have been1 as ,judge ,longstreet says4 ,this being the ,sabbath1 at the usual hour ,ned went to ,church1 and selected for his morning service one of those ,churches in which the pews are free1 and in which the hymn is given out and sung by the congregation1 a half recitative4 ,ned entered the ,church1 in as fast a walk as he could possibly assume2 proceeded about half down the aisle1 and popped himself down in his seat as quick as if he had been shot4 ,the more thoughtless of the congregation began to titter1 and the graver peeped up slily1 but solemnly at him4 ,the pastor rose1 and1 before giving out the hymn1 observed that singing was a part of the service1 in which he thought the whole congregation ought to join4 ,thus saying1 he gave out the first lines of the hymn4 ,as soon as the tune was raised1 ,ned struck in1 with one of the loudest1 hoarsest1 and most discordant voices that ever annoyed a solemn assembly4 ,i would observe1 said the preacher1 before giving out the next two lines1 that there are some people who have not the gift of singing2 such1 of course1 are not expected to sing4 ,ned took the hint and sang no more2 but his entrance into church1 and his entrance into the hymn1 had already dispersed the solemnity of three fifths of the congregation4 ,as soon as the pastor commenced his sermon1 ,ned opened his eyes1 threw back his head1 dropt his under jaw1 and surrendered himself to the most intense interest4 ,the preacher was an indifferent one2 and by as much as he became dull and insipid1 by so much did ,ned become absorbed in his discourse4 ,and yet it was impossible for the nicest observer to detect anything in his looks or manner1 short of the most solemn devotion4 ,the effect which his conduct had upon the congregation1 and their subsequent remarks1 must be left to the imagination of the reader4 ,i give but one remark3 ,bless that good man who came in the church so quick1 said a venerable matron as she left the church door1 how he was affected by the sarment4 ,ned went to church no more on that day4 ,about four o'clock in the afternoon1 while he was standing at the tavern door1 a funeral procession passed by1 at the foot of which1 and singly1 walked one of the smallest men ,i ever saw4 ,as soon as he came opposite the door1 ,ned stepped out and joined him with great solemnity4 ,the contrast between the two was ludicrously striking1 and the little man's looks and uneasiness plainly showed that he felt it4 ,however1 he soon became reconciled to it4 ,they proceeded but a little way before ,ned inquired of his companion who was dead4 ,mr4 ,noah ,bills1 said the little man4 ,nan8 said ,ned1 raising his hand to his ear in token of deafness1 and bending his head to the speaker4 ,mr4 ,noah ,bills1 repeated the little man1 loud enough to disturb the two couples immediately before him4 ,mrs4 ,noel's ,bill6 said ,ned with mortification and astonishment4 ,do the white persons pay such respect to niggers in ,savannah8 ,i sha'n't do it4 ,so saying1 he left the procession4 ,the little man was at first considerably nettled2 but upon being left to his own reflections1 he got into an uncontrollable fit of laughter1 as did the couple immediately in advance of him1 who overheard ,ned's remark4 ,the procession now exhibited a most mortifying spectacle--the head of it in mourning and in tears1 and the foot of it convulsed with laughter4 ,a ,,sage ,,conversation4 7,from ,georgia ,scenes1 first edition1 #ahce47 ,three old women over their pipes4 ,mrs4 ,shad4--,the old man likes a joke yet right well1 the old man does2 but he's a mighty good man1 and ,i think he prays with greater libity1 than most any one of his age ,i most ever seed1--don't you think he does1 ,mis' ,reed8 ,mrs4 ,reed4--,powerful4 ,mrs4 ,barney44--,who did he marry8 ,mrs4 ,shad4--,why1 he married--stop1 ,i'll tell you directly--,why1 what does make my old head forget so8 ,mrs4 ,barney4--,well1 it seems to me ,i don't remember like ,i used to4 ,didn't he marry a ,ramsbottom8 ,mrs4 ,reed4--,no4 ,stay1 ,i'll tell you who he married presently4 ,oh1 stay6 ,why ,i'll tell you who he married6 ,he married old daddy ,johnny ,hooer's da'ter1 ,mournin'4 ,mrs4 ,shad4--,why1 la6 messy on me1 so he did6 ,mrs4 ,barney4--,why1 did he marry a ,hooer8 ,mrs4 ,shad4--,why1 to be sure he did4--,you knew ,mournin'4 ,mrs4 ,barney4--,oh1 mighty well2 but ,i'd forgot that brother ,smith married her4 ,i really thought he married a ,ramsbottom4 ,mrs4 ,reed4--,oh no1 bless your soul1 honey1 he married ,mournin'4 ,mrs4 ,barney4--,well1 the law me1 ,i'm clear beat6 ,mrs4 ,shad4--,oh1 it's so1 you may be sure it is4 ,mrs4 ,barney4--,emph1 emph1 emph1 emph6 ,and brother ,smith married ,mournin' ,hooer6 ,well1 ,i'm clear put out6 ,seems to me ,i'm gettin' mighty forgetful somehow4 ,mrs4 ,shad4--,oh yes1 he married ,mournin'1 and ,i saw her when she joined society4 ,mrs4 ,barney4--,why1 you don't tell me so6 ,mrs4 ,shad4--,oh1 it's the truth4 ,she didn't join till after she was married1 and the church took on mightily about his marrying one out of society4 ,but after she joined1 they all got satisfied4 ,mrs4 ,reed4--,why1 la6 me1 the seven stars is 'way over here6 ,mrs4 ,barney4--,well1 let's light our pipes1 and take a short smoke1 and go to bed4 ,how did you come on raisin' chickens this year1 ,mis' ,shad8 ,mrs4 ,shad4--,la messy1 honey6 ,i have had mighty bad luck4 ,i had the prettiest pa'sel you most ever seed1 till the varment took to killin' 'em4 ,mrs4 ,reed and ,mrs4 ,barney4--,the varment66 ,mrs4 ,shad4--,oh1 dear1 yes4 ,the hawk catched a powerful sight of them2 and then the varment took to 'em1 and nat'ly took 'em fore and aft1 bodily1 till they left most none at all hardly4 ,sucky counted 'em up t'other day1 and there warn't but thirty-nine1 she said1 countin' in the old speckle hen's chickens that jist come off her nest4 ,mrs4 ,reed and ,mrs4 ,barney4--,humph--h--h6 ,mrs4 ,reed4--,well1 ,i've had bad luck1 too4 ,billy's hound-dogs broke up most all my nests4 ,mrs4 ,barney4--,well1 so they did me1 ,mis' ,reed4 ,i always did despise a hound-dog upon the face of yea'th4 ,mrs4 ,reed4--,oh1 they are the bawllinest1 squallinest1 thievishest things ever was about one2 but ,billy will have 'em1 and ,i think in my soul his old ,troup's the beat of all creaters ,i ever seed in all my born days a-suckin' o' hen's eggs4 ,he's clean most broke me up entirely4 ,mrs4 ,shad4--,the lackaday6 ,mrs4 ,reed4--,and them that was hatched out1 some took to takin' the gaps1 and some the pip1 and one ailment or other1 till they most all died4 4 4 4 ,mrs4 ,barney4--,i reckon they must have eat something didn't agree with them4 ,mrs4 ,reed4--,no1 they didn't1 for ,i fed 'em every mornin' with my own hand4 ,mrs4 ,barney4--,well1 it's mighty curious6 ,a short pause ensued1 which was broken by ,mrs4 ,barney with1 ,and brother ,smith married ,mournin' ,hooer6 ,,footnote3 #i ,by special kindness of ,mr4 ,charles ,edgeworth ,jones1 ,augusta1 ,ga4 ,,robert ,,young ,,hayne4 #agiaahci4 ,,robert ,,young ,,hayne was born in ,st4 ,paul's ,parish1 ,colleton ,district1 ,south ,carolina1 and was educated in ,charleston4 ,he became a lawyer2 he served in the war of #ahab1 and was in the ,state ,legislature from #ahad to #ahah4 ,he was ,attorney-,general of the ,united ,states under ,president ,monroe1 and in #ahbc was elected to the ,senate4 ,his most famous speech is that in the debate with ,daniel ,webster on the ,right of ,nullification4 ,south ,carolina passed the ordinance of ,nullification in ,november1 #ahcb1 elected ,mr4 ,hayne governor1 and when ,president ,jackson issued a martial proclamation against her action1 she prepared for war4 ,mr4 ,clay's ,tariff ,compromise prevented any outbreak4 ,mr4 ,hayne died in ,asheville1 ,north ,carolina1 yet in the prime of life4 ,see his ,life by ,paul ,hamilton ,hayne4 ,,works4 ,speeches4 ,mr4 ,hayne was one of the leaders in the stirring times in which he lived2 the extract following gives an example of his bold1 fearless eloquence1 and his power in debate4 ,,state ,,sovereignty ,,and ,,liberty4 7,from the ,debate with ,webster in the ,senate1 #ahcj47 ,sir1 there have existed1 in every age and in every country1 two distinct orders of men--the lovers of freedom and the devoted advocates of power4 ,the same great leading principles1 modified only by the peculiarities of manners1 habits1 and institutions1 divided parties in the ancient republics1 animated the ,whigs and ,tories of ,great ,britain1 distinguished in our own times the ,liberals and ,ultras of ,france1 and may be traced even in the bloody struggles of unhappy ,spain4 ,sir1 when the gallant ,riego1 who devoted himself and all that he possessed to the liberties of his country1 was dragged to the scaffold1 followed by the tears and lamentations of every lover of freedom throughout the world1 he perished amid the deafening cries of ,long live the absolute ,king6 ,the people whom ,i represent1 ,mr4 ,president1 are the descendants of those who brought with them to this country1 as the most precious of their possessions1 an ardent love of liberty2 and while that shall be preserved1 they will always be found manfully struggling against the consolidation of the ,government as the worst of evils4 4 4 4 4 4 ,the ,senator from ,massachusetts1 in denouncing what he is pleased to call the ,carolina doctrine1 has attempted to throw ridicule upon the idea that a ,state has any constitutional remedy1 by the exercise of its sovereign authority1 against a gross1 palpable1 and deliberate violation of the ,constitution4 ,he calls it an idle or a ridiculous notion1 or something to that effect1 and added1 that it would make the ,union a mere rope of sand4 ,now1 sir1 as the gentleman has not condescended to enter into any examination of the question1 and has been satisfied with throwing the weight of his authority into the scale1 ,i do not deem it necessary to do more than to throw into the opposite scale the authority on which ,south ,carolina relies2 and there1 for the present1 ,i am perfectly willing to leave the controversy4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,the doctrine that it is the right of a ,state to judge of the violations of the ,constitution on the part of the ,federal ,government1 and to protect her citizens from the operations of unconstitutional laws1 was held by the enlightened citizens of ,boston1 who assembled in ,faneuil ,hall1 on the #beth of ,january1 #ahji4 ,they state1 in that celebrated memorial1 that they looked only to the ,state ,legislature1 which was competent to devise relief against the unconstitutional acts of the ,general ,government4 ,that your power 7say they7 is adequate to that object1 is evident from the organization of the confederacy4 4 4 4 4 ,illustration3 ,university of ,north ,carolina4 ,thus it will be seen1 ,mr4 ,president1 that the ,south ,carolina doctrine is the ,republican doctrine of '#ih1--that it was promulgated by the fathers of the faith1--that it was maintained by ,virginia and ,kentucky in the worst of times1--that it constituted the very pivot on which the political revolution of that day turned1--that it embraces the very principles1 the triumph of which1 at that time1 saved the ,constitution at its last gasp1 and which ,new ,england statesmen were not unwilling to adopt when they believed themselves to be the victims of unconstitutional legislation4 ,sir1 as to the doctrine that the ,federal ,government is the exclusive judge of the extent as well as the limitations of its power1 it seems to me to be utterly perversive of the sovereignty and independence of the ,states4 ,it makes but little difference1 in my estimation1 whether ,congress or the ,supreme ,court are invested with this power4 ,if the ,federal ,government1 in all1 or any1 of its departments1 is to prescribe the limits of its own authority1 and the ,states are bound to submit to the decision1 and are not to be allowed to examine and decide when the barriers of the ,constitution shall be overleaped1 this is practically1 a government without limitation of powers4 ,the ,states are at once reduced to mere petty corporations1 and the people are entirely at your mercy4 ,i have but one word more to add4 ,in all the efforts that have been made by ,south ,carolina to resist the unconstitutional laws which ,congress has extended over her1 she has kept steadily in view the preservation of the ,union1 by the only means by which she believes it can be long preserved--a firm1 manly1 and steady resistance against usurpation4 4 4 4 ,sir1 if1 acting on these high motives1--if1 animated by that ardent love of liberty1 which has always been the most prominent trait in the ,southern character1 we should be hurried beyond the bounds of a cold and calculating prudence2 who is there1 with one noble and generous sentiment in his bosom1 who would not be disposed1 in the language of ,burke1 to exclaim1 ,you must pardon something to the spirit of liberty8 ,,sam ,,houston4 #agicahfc4 ,,general ,,sam ,,houston1 first ,president of ,texas1 was born in ,rockbridge ,county1 ,virginia1 but his widowed mother removed in his childhood to ,tennessee and settled near the ,cherokee ,country4 ,here he was much with the ,indians and was adopted by a chief named ,oolooteka1 who called him ,coloneh 7the ,rover74 ,in #ahac he became a soldier in the ,creek war and was almost fatally wounded at the battle of ,tohopeka1 or ,horse-shoe ,bend1 ,alabama4 ,in #ahah he decided to study law and went to ,nashville1 where he became quite successful as a lawyer and soon received political honors1 being elected member of ,congress in #ahbc and governor of ,tennessee in #ahbg4 ,in #ahbi he left ,tennessee for the ,west1 spent three years in ,arkansas among the ,cherokees who had emigrated thither1 his old friend ,oolooteka being one of them2 and in #ahcb went to ,texas1 with which ,state his after life is connected4 ,he was made ,commander-in-,chief of the ,texan forces in the struggle for independence against ,mexico1 and by the battle of ,san ,jacinto1 #ahcf1 he put an end to the war1 and in the same year he was elected first ,president of the ,republic of ,texas4 ,he was elected again in #ahda after ,lamar's administration2 and when in #ahde ,texas became a ,state in the ,union1 he entered the ,united ,states ,senate where he served until #ahei4 ,he was governor of ,texas from #ahei to #ahfa and then retired to private life4 ,he is buried at ,huntsville4 ,he was ever a warm friend to the ,indians2 he was opposed to secession1 and took little interest and no part in the ,confederate war1 except by allowing his oldest son to enter its service4 ,his life by ,rev4 ,wm4 ,carey ,crane1 ,president of ,baylor ,university1 gives a graphic account of a most interesting and independent character2 and it contains also his literary remains1 consisting of ,state ,papers1 ,indian ,talks1 ,letters1 and ,speeches4 ,,cause ,,of ,,the ,,texan ,,war ,,of ,,independence4 7,from a ,letter to ,santa ,anna1 #ahdb47 ,the people of ,texas were invited to migrate to this country for the purpose of enjoying equal rights and constitutional liberty4 ,they were promised the shield of the ,constitution of #ahbd1 adopted by ,mexico4 ,confiding in this pledge1 they removed to the country to encounter all the privations of a wilderness1 under the alluring promises of free institutions4 ,other reasons operated also4 ,citizens of the ,united ,states had engaged in the revolution of ,mexico1 in #ahab4 ,they fought gallantly in the achievement of ,mexican independence1 and many of them survive1 and to this day occupy the soil which their privations and valor assisted in achieving4 ,on their removal here1 they brought with them no aspirations or projects but such as were loyal to the ,constitution of ,mexico4 ,they repelled the ,indian savages2 they encountered every discomfort2 they subdued the wilderness1 and converted into cultivated fields the idle waste of this now prolific territory4 ,their courage and enterprise achieved that which the imbecility of your countrymen had either neglected1 or left for centuries unaccomplished4 ,their situation1 however1 was not disregarded by ,mexico1 though she did not1 as might have been expected1 extend to them a protecting and fostering care1 but viewed them as objects of cupidity1 rapacity1 and at last jealousy4 ,the ,texans1 enduring the annoyances and oppressions inflicted upon them1 remained faithful to the ,constitution of ,mexico4 ,in #ahcb1 when an attempt was made to destroy that ,constitution1 and when you1 sir1 threw yourself forward as its avowed champion1 you were sustained with all the fidelity and valor that freemen could contribute4 ,on the avowal of your principles1 and in accordance with them1 the people put down the serviles of despotism at ,anahuac1 ,velasco1 and ,nacogdoches4 ,they treated the captives of that struggle with humanity1 and sent them to ,mexico subject to your orders4 ,they regarded you as the friend of liberty and free institutions2 they hailed you as a benefactor of mankind2 your name and your actions were lauded1 and the manifestations you had given in behalf of the nation were themes of satisfaction and delight to the ,texan patriots4 ,you can well imagine the transition of feeling which ensued on your accession to power4 ,your subversion of the ,constitution of #ahbd1 your establishment of centralism1 your conquest of ,zacatecas1 characterized by every act of violence1 cruelty1 and rapine1 inflicted upon us the profoundest astonishment4 ,we realized all the uncertainty of men awakening to reality from the unconsciousness of delirium4 ,in succession came your orders for the ,texans to surrender their private arms4 ,the mask was thrown aside and the monster of despotism displayed in all the habiliments of loathsome detestation4 ,there was presented to ,texans the alternative of tamely crouching to the tyrant's lash1 or exalting themselves to the attributes of freemen4 ,they chose the latter4 ,to chastise them for their presumption induced your advance upon ,texas1 with your boasted veteran army1 mustering a force nearly equal to the whole population of this country at that time4 ,you besieged and took the ,alamo3 but under what circumstances8 ,not those1 surely1 which should characterize a general of the nineteenth century4 ,you assailed one hundred and fifty men1 destitute of every supply requisite for the defence of that place4 ,its brave defenders1 worn by vigilance and duty beyond the power of human nature to sustain1 were at length overwhelmed by a force of nine thousand men1 and the place taken4 ,i ask you1 sir1 what scenes followed8 ,were they such as should characterize an able general1 a magnanimous warrior1 and the ,president of a great nation numbering eight millions of souls8 ,no4 ,manliness and generosity would sicken at the recital of the scenes incident to your success1 and humanity itself would blush to class you among the chivalric spirits of the age of vandalism4#aj ,this you have been pleased to class as in the succession of your victories2 and ,i presume you would next include the massacre at ,goliad4 ,your triumph there1 if such you are pleased to term it1 was not the triumph of arms--it was the success of perfidy4 ,fannin and his brave companions had beaten back and defied your veteran soldiers4 ,although outnumbered more than seven to one1 their valiant1 hearty1 and indomitable courage1 with holy devotion to the cause of freedom1 foiled every effort directed by your general to insure his success by arms4 ,he had recourse to a flag of truce2 and when the surrender of the little patriot band was secured by the most solemn treaty stipulations1 what were the tragic scenes that ensued to ,mexican perfidy8 ,the conditions of surrender were submitted to you2 and1 though you have denied the facts1 instead of restoring them to liberty1 according to the capitulation1 you ordered them to be executed contrary to every pledge given them1 contrary to the rules of war1 and contrary to every principle of humanity4 ,,battle ,,of ,,san ,,jacinto4 7,from ,general ,houston's ,report to ,hon4 ,d4 ,g4 ,burnet1 ,provisional ,president of the ,republic of ,texas1 ,april #be1 #ahcf47 ,i have the honor to inform you that on the evening of the eighteenth instant1 after a forced march of fifty-five miles1 which was effected in two days and a half1 the army arrived opposite ,harrisburg4 ,that evening a courier of the enemy was taken1 from whom ,i learned that ,general ,santa ,anna1 with one division of his choice troops1 had marched in the direction of ,lynch's ,ferry1 on the ,san ,jacinto1 burning ,harrisburg as he passed down4 ,the army was ordered to be in readiness to march early on the next morning4 ,the main body effected a crossing over ,buffalo ,bayou1 below ,harrisburg1 on the morning of the #aith1 having left the baggage1 the sick1 and a sufficient camp guard in the rear4 ,we continued the march throughout the night1 making but one halt in the prairie for a short time1 and without refreshment4 ,at daylight we resumed the line of march1 and in a short distance our scouts encountered those of the enemy1 and we received information that ,general ,santa ,anna was at ,new ,washington1 and would that day take up the line of march for ,anahuac1 crossing at ,lynch's ,ferry4 ,the ,texan army halted within half a mile of the ferry in some timber1 and were engaged in slaughtering beeves1 when the army of ,santa ,anna was discovered to be approaching in battle array1 having been encamped at ,clopper's ,point1 eight miles below4 ,disposition was immediately made of our forces1 and preparation for his reception4 ,he took a position with his infantry and artillery in the centre1 occupying an island of timber1 his cavalry covering the left flank4 ,the artillery1 consisting of one double fortified medium brass twelve-pounder1 then opened on our encampment4 ,the infantry in column advanced with the design of charging our lines1 but were repulsed by a discharge of grape and canister from our artillery1 consisting of two six-pounders1 called ,the ,twin ,sisters4 ,the enemy had occupied a piece of timber within rifle-shot of the left wing of our army1 from which an occasional interchange of small arms took place between the troops1 until the enemy withdrew to a position on the bank of the ,san ,jacinto1 about three-quarters of a mile from our encampment1 and commenced fortification4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,about nine o'clock on the morning of the #bast1 the enemy were reinforced by #ejj choice troops1 under the command of ,general ,cos1 increasing their effective force to upwards of #a1ejj men1 whilst our aggregate force for the field numbered #ghc4 ,at half-past three o'clock in the evening1 ,i ordered the officers of the ,texan army to parade their respective commands1 having in the meantime ordered the bridge on the only road communicating with the ,brazos1 distant eight miles from our encampment1 to be destroyed1 thus cutting off all possibility of escape4 ,our troops paraded with alacrity and spirit1 and were anxious for the conflict4 ,their conscious disparity in numbers seemed only to increase their enthusiasm and confidence1 and heightened their anxiety for the conflict4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,col4 ,sherman1 with his regiment1 having commenced the action upon our left wing1 the whole line1 at the centre and on the right1 advancing in double-quick time1 rung the war-cry1 ,remember the ,alamo6 received the enemy's fire1 and advanced within point-blank shot before a piece was fired from our lines4 ,our line advanced without a halt1 until they were in possession of the woodland and the enemy's breastwork1 the right wing of ,burleson's and the left wing of ,millard's taking possession of the breastwork2 our ,artillery having gallantly charged up within seventy yards of the enemy's cannon1 when it was taken by our troops4 ,the conflict lasted about eighteen minutes from the time of close action until we were in possession of the enemy's encampment1 taking one piece of cannon 7loaded71 four stands of colors1 all their camp equipage1 stores1 and baggage4 ,our cavalry had charged and routed that of the enemy upon the right1 and given pursuit to the fugitives1 which did not cease until they arrived at the bridge which ,i have mentioned before--,captain ,karnes1 always among the foremost in danger1 commanding the pursuers4 ,the conflict in the breastwork lasted but a few moments2 many of the troops encountered hand to hand1 and not having the advantage of bayonets on our side1 our riflemen used their pieces as war-clubs1 breaking many of them off at the breech4 ,the rout commenced at half-past four1 and the pursuit by the main army continued until twilight4 4 4 4 ,in this battle ,general ,houston himself was severely wounded1 one ball shattering his ankle4 ,after this1 the battalion of ,texan infantry was gallantly charged by a ,mexican division of infantry1 composed of more than five hundred men4 4 4 4 ,the ,commander-in-,chief1 observing the peril1 dashed between the ,texan and ,mexican infantry1 and exclaimed1 ',come on1 my brave fellows1 your ,general leads you4' 4 4 4 ,the order to fire was given by ,gen4 ,houston1 4 4 4 a single discharge1 a rush through the smoke1 cleaving blows of rifles uplifted struck down those whom the bullets had not slain4 ,only thirty-two of the five hundred ,mexicans survived to surrender as prisoners of war4 ,gen4 ,houston's wound in the ankle1 meanwhile was bleeding profusely4 ,his horse was dying1 and with difficulty could stagger over the slain4 ,still the ,commander-in-,chief witnessed every movement of his army1 and as it rolled victoriously over the field1 saw the tide of battle crowning his brave soldiers with unparalleled success4--,see ,crane's ,life of ,sam ,houston4 ,,how ,,to ,,deal ,,with ,,the ,,indians4 7,from a speech on the ,indian ,policy of the ,government1 in the ,senate1 ,january1 #ahee47 ,sir1 if the agent appointed by ,mr4 ,polk1 who has been restored by the present ,executive--it is a bright spot in his ,administration1 and ,i commend him for it--had never been removed1 there would have been peace to this day on the borders of ,texas2 but as soon as the ,indian agent who was appointed to succeed him went there1 he must forsooth establish a ranche2 he must have a farm4 ,the ,indians who had been settled there from #ahdc up to #ahdi1 had been furnished by the ,government of ,texas with implements of husbandry1 with seeds of every description1 and they were cultivating their little farms4 ,they were comfortable and independent4 ,they were living in perfect peace4 ,if you can get ,indians located1 and place their wives and children within your cognizance1 you need never expect aggression from them4 ,it is the ,indian who has his wife in security beyond your reach1 who1 like the felon wolf1 goes to a distance to prey on some flock1 far removed from his den2 or like the eagle1 who seeks his prey from the distance1 and never from the flocks about his eyrie4 ,the agent to whom ,i have referred lost two oxen from his ranche where he kept his cattle4 ,he went to the officer in command of ,fort ,belknap1 got a force from him1 and then marched to those ,indians1 sixty miles from there1 and told them they must pay for the oxen4 ,they said1 ,we know nothing about your oxen2 our people are here2 here are our women and children2 we have not killed them2 we have not stolen them2 we have enough to eat2 we are happy2 we have raised corn2 we have sold corn2 we have corn to sell2 we have sold it to your people1 and they have paid us for it1 and we are happy4 ,the agent and the military gentlemen scared off the ,indians from the limits of ,texas1 and drove them across the ,red ,river to the ,wichita ,mountains1 taking every horse and animal they had to pay for the two oxen4 ,this was done by an accredited agent of the ,government1 and by an officer who deserved but little credit4 ,are such things tolerable1 and to be tolerated in the present age and condition of our ,government8 ,what was the consequence8 ,those ,indians felt themselves aggrieved4 ,they saw that a new rgime had come2 they had had the era of peace and plenty1 and now they were expelled by a different influence4 ,they felt grateful for the benign effects of the first policy toward them1 and that only exasperated them to a greater extent against the second2 and they began to make incursions1 ready to take vengeance on any white man they might meet in their neighborhood1 and slay whoever they might find4 ,they made their forays from the opposite side of the ,red ,river1 from the ,wichita ,mountains1 and came like an avalanche upon our unprotected citizens4 ,there is one fact showing how your interference with the ,indians within her limits has injured ,texas4 4 4 4 4 4 ,well1 sir1 there is a remedy for all this1 and it is very easy to apply it2 but how are we circumstanced there8 ,is it supposed by some that we are deriving great aid from the army1 and that the greatest portion of the disposable forces of the ,united ,states is in ,texas1 and protecting it8 ,how can they protect us against the ,indians when the cavalry have not horses which can trot faster than active oxen1 and the infantry dare not go out in any hostile manner for fear of being shot and scalped6 ,can they pursue a party who pounce down on a settlement and take property1 and reclaim that property8 ,have they ever done it8 ,did the old rangers of ,texas ever fail to do it1 when they were seated on their ,texas ponies8 ,they were men of intelligence and adroitness in regard to the ,indian character and ,indian warfare4 ,do you think a man fit for such service who has been educated at ,west ,point ,academy1 furnished with rich stores of learning2 more educated in the science of war than any general who fought through the ,revolution1 and assisted in achieving our independence8 ,are you going to take such gentlemen1 and suppose that by intuition they will understand the ,indian character8 ,or do you suppose they can track a turkey1 or a deer1 in the grass of ,texas1 or could they track an ,indian1 or would they know whether they were tracking a wagon or a carriage8 ,not at all1 sir4 ,we wish1 in the first place1 to have men suited to the circumstances4 ,give us agents who are capable of following out their instructions1 and who understand the ,indian character4 ,give us an army1 gentlemen1 who understand not only the science of command1 but have some notions of extending justice and protection to the ,indian1 against the aggression of the whites1 while they protect the whites against the aggressions from the ,indians4 ,then1 and not till then1 will you have peace4 ,how is this to be done8 ,withdraw your army4 ,have five hundred cavalry1 if you will2 but ,i would rather have two hundred and fifty ,texas rangers 7such as ,i could raise71 than five hundred of the best cavalry now in the service4 4 4 4 4 4 ,cultivate intercourse with the ,indians4 ,show them that you have comforts to exchange for their peltries2 bring them around you2 domesticate them2 familiarize them with civilization4 ,let them see that you are rational beings1 and they will become rational in imitation of you2 but take no whiskey there at all1 not even for the officers1 for fear their generosity would let it out4 4 4 4 4 4 ,i would have fields around the trading houses4 ,i would encourage the ,indians to cultivate them4 ,let them see how much it adds to their comfort1 how it insures to their wives and children abundant subsistence2 and then you win the ,indian over to civilization2 you charm him1 and he becomes a civilized man4 ,,footnote3 #aj ,every one in the ,alamo was massacred4 ,the inscription there now is3 ,thermopyl had its messenger of defeat3 the ,alamo had none4 ,,william ,,campbell ,,preston4 #agidahfj4 ,,william ,,campbell ,,preston was born in ,philadelphia1 being one of the ,preston family of ,virginia who afterwards went to ,south ,carolina4 ,he was educated at ,south ,carolina ,college1 being graduated in #ahab1 studied law under ,william ,wirt1 and later went to ,edinburgh1 where he had ,hugh ,swinton ,legar as fellow-student4 ,he travelled in ,europe with ,washington ,irving1 and was introduced to ,sir ,walter ,scott4 ,illustration3 ,old ,plantation ,home4 ,in the practice of law he was very successful1 and he made a high reputation as a popular orator1 even rivaling1 it is said1 his uncle1 ,patrick ,henry4 ,his style is abundant1 classical1 finished4 ,he was in the ,state ,legislature #ahbh-cb1 and in the ,united ,states ,senate #ahcf-db4 ,from #ahde to #ahea1 he was president of his ,alma ,mater1 ,south ,carolina ,college1 and during his office it rose to a high point of efficiency and became the most popular educational institution in the ,south4 ,,works4 ,addresses4 ,as an example of ,mr4 ,preston's simpler style and a description of the charming social life of ,columbia--the spirit of which still lives and graces the capital of ,south ,carolina--the following extract is given4 ,it is from a newspaper article on the death of ,mr4 ,preston's former law-partner1 ,col ,m',cord1 and is a noble tribute to him and to his distinguished wife1 ,mrs4 ,louisa ,s4 ,m',cord4 ,,literary ,,society ,,in ,,columbia1 #ahbe4 7,written on the ,death of ,colonel ,david ,j4 ,m',cord1 #ahee47 ,many will bring tributes of sorrow1 of kindness and affection1 and relieve a heaving bosom by uttering words of praise and commendation2 for in truth1 during many years he has been the charm and delight of the society of ,columbia1 and of that society1 too1 when1 in the estimation of all who knew it1 it was the rarest aggregation of elegant1 intellectual1 and accomplished people that have ever been found assembled in our village4 ,thirty years since1 amidst the sincere and unostentatious cordiality which characterized it1 at a dinner party1 for example1 at ,judge ,de ,saussure's1 eight or ten of his favorite associates wanted to do honor to some distinguished stranger--for such were never permitted to pass through the town without a tender of the hospitality of that venerable and elegant gentleman--whose prolonged life exhibited to another generation a pattern of old gentility1 combined with a conscientious and effective performance of not only the smaller and more graceful duties of life1 which he sweetened and adorned1 but also of those graver and higher tasks which the confidence of his state imposed upon his talents and learning4 ,to his elegant board naturally came the best and worthiest of the land4 ,there was found1 of equal age with the judge1 that very remarkable man1 ,dr4 ,thomas ,cooper1 replete with all sorts of knowledge1 a living encyclopdia1--,multum ille et terris jactatus et alto--good-tempered1 joyous1 and of a kindly disposition4 ,there was ,judge ,nott1 who brought into the social circle the keen1 shrewd1 and flashing intellect which distinguished him on the bench4 ,there was ,abram ,blanding1 a man of affairs1 very eminent in his profession of the law1 and of most interesting conversation4 ,there was ,professor ,robert ,henry1 with his elegant1 accurate1 and classical scholarship4 ,there were ,judges ,johnston and ,harper1 whom we all remember1 and lament1 and admire4 ,these gentlemen and others were called1 in the course of a morning walk of the ,chancellor1 to meet at dinner1 it might be1 ,mr4 ,calhoun1 or ,captain ,basil ,hall1 or ,washington ,irving2 and amongst these was sure to be found ,david ,j4 ,m',cord1 with his genial vivacity1 his multifarious knowledge1 and his inexhaustible store of amusing and apposite anecdotes4 ,he was the life and the pervading spirit of the circle1--in short1 a general favorite4 ,he was then in large practice at the bar1 and publishing his ,reports as ,state ,reporter4 ,his frank and fine manners were rendered the more attractive by an uncommonly beautiful physiognomy1 which gave him the appearance of great youth4 ,m',cord entered upon his profession in co-partnership with ,henry ,junius ,nott2 and when a year or two subsequently1 this gentleman1 following the bent of his inclination for literature1 quitted the profession1 ,mr4 ,m',cord formed a connection with ,w4 ,c4 ,preston1--thus introducing this gentleman1 who had then but just come to ,columbia1 into practice4 ,the business of the office was extensive1 and the connexion continued until their diverging paths of life led them away from the profession4 ,the association was cordial and uninterrupted throughout1 whether professional or social2 and the latter did not cease until the grave closed upon ,m',cord4 ,while in the law1 however1 although assiduously addicted to the study of it1 his heart acknowledged a divided allegiance with literature2 which he seemed to compromise at length by addicting himself to cognate studies--of political economy1 the jural sciences1 and political ethics4 ,when he left the bar1 and retired from the more strenuous pursuits of life1 he found occupation and delight in these favorite studies--stimulated and enhanced by the vigorous co-operation and warm sympathy of his highly accomplished wife1 who not only participated in the taste for1 but shared in the labors of1 these studies--and amidst these congenial and participated pursuits the latter years of his life were passed4 4 4 4 4 ,as his early life was amidst struggle and bustle--the fumum strepitumque of the public arena--so his latter years were amidst the repose of an elegant and lettered retirement1 in his well-cultivated fields and amongst his books4 ,his last moments were solaced by the tender assiduities of his congenial helpmate1 of his children1 and of his old and long-familiar friends4 ,,john ,,pendleton ,,kennedy4 #agieahgj4 ,,john ,,pendleton ,,kennedy was born in ,baltimore1 ,maryland1 and received an excellent early education4 ,he studied law1 and was much in public life2 he filled a large place in his native city as a man of culture and a public-spirited citizen4 ,he served in the ,state ,assembly and in ,congress1 and was ,secretary of the ,navy under ,president ,fillmore when several important expeditions took place1 that of ,perry to ,japan1 of ,lynch to ,africa1 of ,kane to the ,north ,pole4 ,kennedy ,channel was named in his honor by ,dr4 ,kane4 ,he made several trips to ,europe and while in ,paris became well acquainted with ,thackeray4 ,the ,virginians was appearing as a serial1 and the printers needed a new chapter4 ,thackeray said to ,kennedy1 ,i wish you would write one for me4--,well1 said ,kennedy1 so ,i will if you will give me the run of the story4 ,and he really wrote the fourth chapter of ,vol4 ,,ii41 describing ,warrington's escape and return home through the region about the ,cumberland1 which he knew well4 ,he drew up the plan of the ,peabody ,institute1 and was one of the ,trustees2 to it he bequeathed his library and manuscripts1 the latter not to be published till #aijj4 ,he aided ,poe in his early literary life and was always his friend4 ,he died at ,newport1 whither he had gone for his health1 and was buried in ,green ,mount ,cemetery1 ,baltimore4 ,see ,life by ,tuckerman4 ,,works4 ,essays in ,red ,book1 a satirical journal edited by him and ,peter ,hoffman ,cruse4 ,swallow ,barn1 novel of ,virginia life4 ,horse-,shoe ,robinson1 ,tale of ,tory ,ascendancy in ,south ,carolina4 ,rob of the ,bowl1 a ,legend of ,st4 ,inigoes4 ,annals of ,quodlibet1 political satires4 ,memoirs of the late ,william ,wirt4 ,addresses1 reports1 c4 ,mr4 ,kennedy's writings were very popular during his life-time and deserve to be so still1 for his three novels give graphic and excellent pictures of their times1 and are true in their historical details1 while his ,memoirs of ,wirt are quite as interesting4 ,his ,cousin ,lucretia's remedy for chills was actually used by his grandmother1 ,mrs4 ,pendleton of ,virginia 7see ,tuckerman's ,life of ,kennedy72 and ,horse-,shoe ,robinson was a real hero of the ,revolution whom ,kennedy met in upper ,south ,carolina1 #ahah4 ,a ,,country ,,gentleman ,,in ,,virginia4 7,from ,swallow ,barn47 ,the master of this lordly domain is ,frank ,meriwether4 ,he is now in the meridian of life--somewhere about forty-five4 ,good cheer and an easy temper tell well upon him4 ,the first has given him a comfortable1 portly figure1 and the latter a contemplative turn of mind1 which inclines him to be lazy and philosophical4 ,he has some right to pride himself on his personal appearance1 for he has a handsome face1 with a dark blue eye and a fine intellectual brow4 ,his head is growing scant of hair on the crown1 which induces him to be somewhat particular in the management of his locks in that locality1 and these are assuming a decided silvery hue4 ,it is pleasant to see him when he is going to ride to the ,court ,house on business occasions4 ,he is then apt to make his appearance in a coat of blue broad-cloth1 astonishingly glossy1 and with an unusual amount of plaited ruffle strutting through the folds of a ,marseilles waistcoat4 ,a worshipful finish is given to this costume by a large straw hat1 lined with green silk4 ,there is a magisterial fulness in his garments which betokens condition in the world1 and a heavy bunch of seals1 suspended by a chain of gold1 jingles as he moves1 pronouncing him a man of superfluities4 4 4 4 4 4 ,i am told he keeps the peace as if he commanded a garrison1 and administers justice like a ,cadi4 ,he has some claim to supremacy in this last department2 for during three years he smoked segars in a lawyer's office in ,richmond1 which enabled him to obtain a bird's-eye view of ,blackstone and the ,revised ,code4 ,besides this1 he was a member of a ,law ,debating ,society1 which ate oysters once a week in a cellar2 and he wore1 in accordance with the usage of the most prominent law-students of that day1 six cravats1 one over the other1 and yellow-topped boots1 by which he was recognized as a blood of the metropolis4 ,having in this way qualified himself to assert and maintain his rights1 he came to his estate1 upon his arrival at age1 a very model of landed gentlemen4 ,since that time his avocations have had a certain literary tincture2 for having settled himself down as a married man1 and got rid of his superfluous foppery1 he rambled with wonderful assiduity through a wilderness of romances1 poems1 and dissertations1 which are now collected in his library1 and1 with their battered blue covers1 present a lively type of an army of continentals at the close of the war1 or a hospital of invalids4 ,these have all at last given way to the newspapers--a miscellaneous study very attractive and engrossing to country gentlemen4 ,this line of study has rendered ,meriwether a most perilous antagonist in the matter of legislative proceedings4 ,a landed proprietor1 with a good house and a host of servants1 is naturally a hospitable man4 ,a guest is one of his daily wants4 ,a friendly face is a necessary of life1 without which the heart is apt to starve1 or a luxury without which it grows parsimonious4 ,men who are isolated from society by distance1 feel these wants by an instinct1 and are grateful for an opportunity to relieve them4 ,in ,meriwether the sentiment goes beyond this4 ,it has1 besides1 something dialectic in it4 ,his house is open to everybody1 as freely almost as an inn4 ,but to see him when he has had the good fortune to pick up an intelligent1 educated gentleman1 and particularly one who listens well6--a respectable1 assentatious stranger6--,all the better if he has been in the ,legislature1 and better still1 if in ,congress4 ,such a person caught within the purlieus of ,swallow ,barn1 may set down one week's entertainment as certain--inevitable1 and as many more as he likes1 the more the merrier4 ,he will know something of the quality of ,meriwether's rhetoric before he is gone4 ,then again1 it is very pleasant to see ,frank's kind and considerate bearing towards his servants and dependents4 ,his slaves appreciate this1 and hold him in most affectionate reverence1 and1 therefore1 are not only contented1 but happy under his dominion4 ,,his ,,wife4 ,whilst ,frank ,meriwether amuses himself with his quiddities1 and floats through life upon the current of his humor1 his dame1 my excellent cousin ,lucretia1 takes charge of the household affairs1 as one who has a reputation to stake upon her administration4 ,she has made it a perfect science1 and great is her fame in the dispensation thereof6 ,those who visited ,swallow ,barn will long remember the morning stir1 of which the murmurs arose even unto the chambers1 and fell upon the ears of the sleepers2 the dry-rubbing of floors1 and even the waxing of the same until they were like ice2--and the grinding of coffee-mills2--and the gibber of ducks and chickens and turkeys2 and all the multitudinous concert of homely sounds4 ,and then1 her breakfasts6 ,i do not wish to be counted extravagant1 but a small regiment might march in upon her without disappointment1 and ,i would put them for excellence and variety against anything that ever was served upon platter4 ,moreover1 all things go like clock-work4 ,she rises with the lark1 and infuses an early vigor into the whole household4 ,and yet1 she is a thin woman to look upon1 and a feeble2 with a sallow complexion1 and a pair of animated black eyes which impart a portion of fire to a countenance otherwise demure from the paths worn across it1 in the frequent travel of a low-country ague4 ,but1 although her life has been somewhat saddened by such visitations1 my cousin is too spirited a woman to give up to them2 for she is therapeutical1 and considers herself a full match for any reasonable tertian in the world4 ,indeed1 ,i have sometimes thought that she took more pride in her leechcraft than becomes a ,christian woman2 she is even a little vain-glorious4 ,for1 to say nothing of her skill in compounding simples1 she has occasionally brought down upon her head the sober remonstrances of her husband1 by her pertinacious faith in the efficacy of certain spells in cases of intermittent4 ,but there is no reasoning against her experience4 ,she can enumerate the cases--and men may say what they choose about its being contrary to reason1 and all that2--it is their way6 ,but seeing is believing--nine scoops of water in the hollow of the hand1 from the sycamore spring1 for three mornings1 before sunrise1 and a cup of strong coffee with lemon-juice1 will break an ague1 try it when you will4 ,in short1 as ,frank says1 ,lucretia will die in that creed4 ,i am occasionally up early enough to be witness to her morning regimen1 which1 to my mind1 is rather tyrannically enforced against the youngsters of her numerous family1 both white and black4 ,she is in the habit of preparing some death-routing decoction for them1 in a small pitcher1 and administering it to the whole squadron in succession1 who severally swallow the dose with a most ineffectual effort at repudiation1 and gallop off1 with faces all rue and wormwood4 ,everything at ,swallow ,barn1 that falls within the superintendence of my cousin ,lucretia is a pattern of industry4 ,in fact1 ,i consider her the very priestess of the ,american system1 for1 with her1 the protection of manufactures is even more a passion than a principle4 ,every here and there1 over the estate1 may be seen1 rising in humble guise above the shrubbery1 the rude chimney of a log cabin1 where all the livelong day1 the plaintive moaning of the spinning-wheel rises fitfully upon the breeze1 like the fancied notes of a hobgoblin1 as they are sometimes imitated in the stories with which we frighten children4 ,in these laboratories the negro women are employed in preparing yarn for the loom1 from which is produced not only a comfortable supply of winter clothing for the working people1 but some excellent carpets for the house4 ,it is refreshing to behold how affectionately vain our good hostess is of ,frank1 and what deference she shows to him in all matters1 except those that belong to the home department2 for there she is confessedly and without appeal1 the paramount power4 ,it seems to be a dogma with her1 that he is the very first man in ,virginia1 an expression which in this region has grown into an emphatic provincialism4 ,frank1 in return1 is a devout admirer of her accomplishments1 and although he does not pretend to have an ear for music1 he is in raptures at her skill on the harpsichord1 when she plays at night for the children to dance2 and he sometimes sets her to singing ,the ,twins of ,latona1 and ,old ,towler1 and ,the ,rose-,tree in ,full ,bearing 7she does not study the modern music71 for the entertainment of his company4 ,on these occasions1 he stands by the instrument1 and nods his head1 as if he comprehended the airs4 ,,how ,,horse-,,shoe ,,and ,,andrew ,,captured ,,five ,,men4 7,from ,horse-,shoe ,robinson1 a ,tale of the ,tory ,ascendancy in ,s4 ,c4#aa7 ,mistress ,ramsay speaking to ,horse-,shoe ,robinson3 ,who should come in this morning1 just after my husband had cleverly got away on his horse1 but a young cock-a-whoop ensign1 that belongs to ,ninety-,six1 and four great ,scotchmen with him1 all in red coats2 they had been out thieving1 ,i warrant1 and were now going home again4 ,and who but they6 ,here they were1 swaggering all about my house--and calling for this--and calling for that--as if they owned the fee-simple of every thing on the plantation4 ,and it made my blood rise1 ,mr4 ,horse-,shoe1 to see them run out in the yard1 and catch up my chickens and ducks1 and kill as many as they could string about them--and ,i not daring to say a word3 though ,i did give them a piece of my mind1 too4 ,who is at home with you8 inquired the sergeant eagerly4 ,nobody but my youngest boy1 ,andrew1 answered the dame4 ,and then1 the filthy1 toping rioters-- she continued1 exalting her voice4 ,what arms have you in the house8 asked ,robinson1 without heeding the dame's rising anger4 ,we have a rifle1 and a horseman's pistol that belongs to ,john4--,they must call for drink1 too1 and turn my house1 of a ,sunday morning1 into a tavern4 ,illustration3 ,state ,house1 ,columbia1 ,s4 ,c4 ,they took the route towards ,ninety-,six1 you said1 ,mistress ,ramsay8 ,yes1--they went straight forward upon the road4 ,but1 look you1 ,mr4 ,horse-,shoe1 you're not thinking of going after them8 ,isn't there an old field1 about a mile from this1 on that road8 inquired the sergeant1 still intent upon his own thoughts4 ,there is1 replied the dame2 with the old school-house upon it4 ,a lop-sided1 rickety log-cabin in the middle of the field4 ,am ,i right1 good woman8 ,yes4 ,and nobody lives in it8 ,it has no door to it8 ,there ha'n't been anybody in it these seven years4 ,i know the place very well1 said the sergeant1 very thoughtfully2 there is woods just on this side of it4 ,that's true1 replied the dame2 but what is it you are thinking about1 ,mr4 ,robinson8 ,how long before this rain began was it that they quitted this house8 ,not above fifteen minutes4 ,mistress ,ramsay1 bring me the rifle and pistol both--and the powder-horn and bullets4 ,as you say1 ,mr4 ,horse-,shoe1 answered the dame1 as she turned round to leave the room2 but ,i am sure ,i can't suspicion what you mean to do4 ,in a few moments the woman returned with the weapons1 and gave them to the sergeant4 ,where is ,andy8 asked ,horse-,shoe4 ,the hostess went to the door and called her son1 and1 almost immediately afterwards1 a sturdy boy of about twelve or fourteen years of age entered the apartment1 his clothes dripping with rain4 ,he modestly and shyly seated himself on a chair near the door1 with his soaked hat flapping down over a face full of freckles and not less rife with the expression of an open1 dauntless hardihood of character4 ,how would you like a scrummage1 ,andy1 with them ,scotchmen that stole your mother's chickens this morning8 asked ,horse-,shoe4 ,i'm agreed1 replied the boy1 if you will tell me what to do4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,horse-,shoe now loaded the fire-arms1 and having slung the pouch across his body1 he put the pistol into the hands of the boy2 then shouldering his rifle1 he and his young ally left the room4 ,even on this occasion1 serious as it might be deemed1 the sergeant did not depart without giving some manifestation of that lightheartedness which no difficulties ever seemed to have the power to conquer4 ,he thrust his head back into the room1 after he had crossed the threshold1 and said with an encouraging laugh1 ,andy and me will teach them1 ,mistress ,ramsay1 ,pat's point of war--we will surround the ragamuffins4 ,now1 ,andy1 my lad1 said ,horse-,shoe1 after he had mounted ,captain ,peter1 you must get up behind me4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,by the time that his instructions were fully impressed upon the boy1 our adventurous forlorn hope1 as it may fitly be called1 had arrived at the place which ,horse-,shoe ,robinson had designated for the commencement of active operations4 ,they had a clear view of the old field1 and it afforded them a strong assurance that the enemy was exactly where they wished him to be1 when they discovered smoke arising from the chimney of the hovel4 ,andrew was soon posted behind a tree1 and ,robinson only tarried a moment to make the boy repeat the signals agreed on1 in order to ascertain that he had them correctly in his memory4 ,being satisfied from this experiment that the intelligence of his young companion might be depended upon1 he galloped across the intervening space1 and1 in a few seconds1 abruptly reined up his steed1 in the very doorway of the hut4 ,the party within was gathered around a fire at the further end1 and1 in the corner near the door1 were four muskets thrown together against the wall4 ,to spring from his saddle and thrust himself one pace inside of the door1 was a movement which the sergeant executed in an instant1 shouting at the same time-- ,halt6 ,file off right and left to both sides of the house1 and wait orders4 ,i demand the surrender of all here1 he said1 as he planted himself between the party and their weapons4 ,i will shoot down the first man who budges a foot4 ,leap to your arms1 cried the young officer who commanded the little party inside of the house4 ,why do you stand8 ,i don't want to do you or your men any harm1 young man1 said ,robinson1 as he brought his rifle to a level1 but1 by my father's son1 ,i will not leave one of you to be put upon a muster-roll if you raise a hand at this moment4 ,both parties now stood1 for a brief space1 eyeing each other in fearful suspense1 during which there was an expression of doubt and irresolution visible on the countenances of the soldiers1 as they surveyed the broad proportions1 and met the stern glance of the sergeant1 whilst the delay1 also1 began to raise an apprehension in the mind of ,robinson that his stratagem would be discovered4 ,shall ,i let loose upon them1 ,captain8 said ,andrew ,ramsay1 now appearing1 most unexpectedly to ,robinson1 at the door of the hut4 ,come on1 boys6 he shouted1 as he turned his face towards the field4 ,keep them outside of the door--stand fast1 cried the doughty sergeant1 with admirable promptitude1 in the new and sudden posture of his affairs caused by this opportune appearance of the boy4 ,sir1 you see that it's not worth while fighting five to one2 and ,i should be sorry to be the death of any of your brave fellows2 so1 take my advice1 and surrender to the ,continental ,congress and this scrap of its army which ,i command4 ,during this appeal the sergeant was ably seconded by the lad outside1 who was calling out first on one name1 and then on another1 as if in the presence of a troop4 ,the device succeeded1 and the officer within1 believing the forbearance of ,robinson to be real1 at length said3-- ,lower your rifle1 sir4 ,in the presence of a superior force1 taken by surprise1 and without arms1 it is my duty to save bloodshed4 ,with the promise of fair usage1 and the rights of prisoners of war1 ,i surrender this little foraging party under my command4 ,i'll make the terms agreeable1 replied the sergeant4 ,never doubt me1 sir4 ,right hand file1 advance1 and receive the arms of the prisoners6 ,i'm here1 captain1 said ,andrew1 in a conceited tone1 as if it were a mere occasion of merriment2 and the lad quickly entered the house and secured the weapons1 retreating with them some paces from the door4 ,now1 sir1 said ,horse-,shoe to the ,ensign1 your sword1 and whatever else you mought have about you of the ammunitions of war6 ,the officer delivered his sword and a pair of pocket pistols4 ,as ,horse-,shoe received these tokens of victory1 he asked1 with a lambent smile1 and what he intended to be an elegant and condescending composure1 ,your name1 sir1 if ,i mought take the freedom8 ,ensign ,st4 ,jermyn1 of his ,majesty's seventy-first regiment of light infantry4 ,ensign1 your sarvant1 added ,horse-,shoe1 still preserving this unusual exhibition of politeness4 ,you have defended your post like an old sodger1 although you ha'n't much beard on your chin2 but1 seeing you have given up1 you shall be treated like a man who has done his duty4 ,you will walk out now1 and form yourselves in line at the door4 ,i'll engage my men shall do you no harm2 they are of a marciful breed4 ,when the little squad of prisoners submitted to this command1 and came to the door1 they were stricken with equal astonishment and mortification to find1 in place of the detachment of cavalry which they expected to see1 nothing but a man1 a boy1 and a horse4 ,their first emotions were expressed in curses1 which were even succeeded by laughter from one or two of the number4 ,there seemed to be a disposition on the part of some to resist the authority that now controlled them2 and sundry glances were exchanged1 which indicated a purpose to turn upon their captors4 ,the sergeant no sooner perceived this1 than he halted1 raised his rifle to his breast1 and at the same instant1 gave ,andrew ,ramsay an order to retire a few paces1 and to fire one of the captured pieces at the first man who opened his lips4 ,by my hand1 he said1 if ,i find any trouble in taking you1 all five1 safe away from this here house1 ,i will thin your numbers with your own muskets6 ,and that's as good as if ,i had sworn to it4 ,you have my word1 sir1 said the ,ensign4 ,lead on4 ,by your leave1 my pretty gentlemen1 you will lead and ,i'll follow1 replied ,horse-,shoe4 ,it may be a new piece of drill to you2 but the custom is to give the prisoners the post of honor4 ,as you please1 sir1 answered the ,ensign4 ,where do you take us to8 ,you will march back by the road you came1 said the sergeant4 ,finding the conqueror determined to execute summary martial law upon the first who should mutiny1 the prisoners submitted1 and marched in double file from the hut back towards ,ramsay's--,horse-,shoe1 with ,captain ,peter's bridle dangling over his arm1 and his gallant young auxiliary ,andrew1 laden with double the burden of ,robinson ,crusoe 7having all the fire-arms packed upon his shoulders71 bringing up the rear4 ,in this order victors and vanquished returned to ,david ,ramsay's4 ,well1 ,i have brought you your ducks and chickens back1 mistress1 said the sergeant1 as he halted the prisoners at the door2 and1 what's more1 ,i have brought home a young sodger that's worth his weight in gold4 ,heaven bless my child6 my brave boy6 cried the mother1 seizing the lad in her arms1 and unheeding anything else in the present perturbation of her feelings4 ,i feared ill would come of it2 but ,heaven has preserved him4 ,did he behave handsomely1 ,mr4 ,robinson8 ,but ,i am sure he did4 ,a little more venturesome1 ma'am1 than ,i wanted him to be1 replied ,horse-,shoe2 but he did excellent service4 ,these are his prisoners1 ,mistress ,ramsay2 ,i should never have got them if it hadn't been for ,andy4 ,in these drumming and fifing times the babies suck in quarrel with their mother's milk4 ,show me another boy in ,america that's made more prisoners than there was men to fight them with1 that's all6 ,,footnote3 #aa ,by permission of ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,hugh ,,swinton ,,legar4 #agigahdc4 ,,hugh ,,swinton ,,legar 7pronounced ,le-gree7 was born in ,charleston1 ,south ,carolina1 of ,huguenot and ,scotch descent4 ,he was educated at ,south ,carolina ,college which he entered at the age of fourteen1 and became an excellent scholar1 especially in the languages both ancient and modern4 ,he studied law1 and then completed his education in the good old way by a course of travel and study in ,europe4 ,his learning is said to have been almost phenomenal3 he was one of the founders of the ,southern ,review4 ,on his return from ,europe1 #ahbj1 he was elected to the ,state ,legislature3 #ahcj1 he was made ,attorney-,general of the ,state2 from #ahcb to #ahcf he was charg d'affaires at ,brussels2 in #ahcf he was elected to ,congress1 and in #ahda appointed ,attorney-,general of the ,united ,states4 ,he died in ,boston1 whither he had gone to take part in the ,bunker ,hill ,celebration4 ,chief-,justice ,story said of him3 ,his argumentation was marked by the closest logic2 at the same time he had a presence in speaking which ,i have never seen excelled4 ,see ,life1 by ,paul ,hamilton ,hayne4 ,,works4 ,essays1 ,addresses1 c4 ,journal at ,brussels4 ,memoir and ,writings1 7edited by his sister1 ,mrs4 ,bullen74 ,,commerce ,,and ,,wealth ,,vs4 ,,war4 7,from a speech in the ,house1 #ahcg47 ,a people well clad and well housed will be sure to provide themselves with all the other comforts of life2 and it is the diffusion of these comforts1 and the growing taste for them1 among all classes of society in ,europe1 it is the desire of riches1 as it is commonly called1 that is gradually putting an end to the destructive and bloody game of war1 and reserving all the resources hitherto wasted by it1 for enterprises of industry and commerce1 prosecuted with the fiery spirit which once vented itself in scenes of peril and carnage4 ,but1 sir1 the result of all this is that very inequality of wealth1 that accumulation of vast masses of it in a few hands1 against which we have heard so much said lately1 as if it were something inconsistent with the liberties1 the happiness1 and the moral and intellectual improvement of mankind4 ,gigantic fortunes are acquired by a few years of prosperous commerce--mechanics and manufacturers rival and surpass the princes of the earth in opulence and splendor4 ,the face of ,europe is changed by this active industry1 working with such mighty instruments1 on so great a scale4 ,i have travelled in parts of the continent which the spirit of gain1 with its usual concomitants1 industry and improvement1 has invaded since the peace1 at an interval of fifteen years1 and been struck with the revolution that is going on4 ,there is a singularly beautiful1 though rather barren tract of country between ,liege and ,spa1 where1 in #ahai1 my attention had been principally attracted by the striking features of a mountainous region1 with here and there a ruin of the feudal past1 and here and there a hovel of some poor hind1--the very haunt of the ,wild ,boar of ,ardennes in the good old times of the ,house of ,burgundy4 ,i returned to it in #ahce1 and saw it covered with mills and factories1 begrimed with the smoke and soot of steam-engines2 its romantic beauty deformed1 its sylvan solitudes disturbed and desecrated by the sounds of active industry1 and the busy hum of men4 ,i asked what had brought about so great a change1 and found that the author of it1--a man having a more numerous band of retainers and dependents than any baron bold of the fourteenth century1 and in every respect more important than many of the sovereign princes on the other side of the ,rhine--was an ,english manufacturer1 who had established himself there some twenty years ago1 without much capital1 and had effected all this by his industry and enterprise4 ,such1 sir1 is the spirit of the age2 of course1 in this young and wonderfully progressive country1 it is more eager and ardent--and therefore occasionally extravagant--than anywhere else4 ,but it is in vain to resist it4 ,nay1 ,i believe it is worse than vain4 ,it is evidently in the order of nature1 and we must take it with all its good and all its evils together4 ,,demosthenes' ,,courage4 ,from the ,essay on ,demosthenes4 ,the charge of effeminacy and want of courage in battle seems to be considered as better founded4 ,plutarch admits it fully4 ,his foppery is matter of ridicule to schines1 who1 at the same time1 in rather a remarkable passage in his speech on the ,crown1 gives us some clue to the popular report as to his deficiency in the military virtues of antiquity4 ,who1 says he will be there to sympathize with him8 ,not they who have been trained with him in the same gymnasium8 ,no1 by ,olympian ,jove6 for1 in his youth1 instead of hunting the wild boar and addicting himself to exercises which give strength and activity to the body1 he was studying the arts that were one day to make him the scourge of the rich4 ,those exercises were1 in the system of the ,greeks1 4 4 4 considered as absolutely indispensable to a liberal education4 ,that of ,demosthenes was certainly neglected by his guardians1 and the probability is that the effeminacy with which he was reproached meant nothing more than that he had not frequented in youth the palestra and the gymnasium1 and that his bodily training had been sacrificed to his intellectual4 ,that he possessed moral courage of the most sublime order is passed all question2 but his nerves were weak4 ,if the tradition that is come down to us in regard to his natural defects as an orator is not a gross exaggeration1 he had enough to occupy him for years in the correction of them4 ,but what an idea does it suggest to us of the mighty will1 the indomitable spirit1 the decided and unchangeable vocation1 that1 in spite of so many impediments1 his genius fulfilled its destiny1 and attained at last to the supremacy at which it aimed from the first6 ,his was that deep love of ideal beauty1 that passionate pursuit of eloquence in the abstract1 that insatiable thirst after perfection in art for its own sake1 without which no man ever produced a masterpiece of genius4 ,plutarch1 in his usual graphic style1 places him before us as if he were an acquaintance1--aloof from the world2 immersed in the study of his high calling1 with his brow never unbent from care and thought2 severely abstemious in the midst of dissoluteness and debauchery2 a water-drinker among ,greeks2 like that other ,agonistes1 elected and ordained to struggle1 to suffer1 and to perish for a people unworthy of him3-- ,his mighty champion1 strong above compare1 ,whose drink was only from the liquid brook4 ,let any one who has considered the state of manners at ,athens just at the moment of his appearance upon the stage of public life1 imagine what an impression such a phenomenon must have made upon a people so lost in profligacy and sensuality of all sorts4 ,what wonder that the unprincipled though gifted ,demades1 the very personification of the witty and reckless libertinism of the age1 should deride and scoff at this strange man1 living as nobody else lived1 thinking as nobody else thought2 a prophet1 crying from his solitude of great troubles at hand2 the apostle of the past2 the preacher of an impossible restoration2 the witness to his contemporaries that their degeneracy was incorrigible and their doom hopeless2 and that another seal in the book was broken1 and a new era of calamity and downfall opened in the history of nations4 ,we have said that the character of ,demosthenes might be divined from his eloquence2 and so the character of his eloquence was a mere emanation of his own4 ,it was the life and soul of the man1 the patriot1 the statesman4 ,its highest attribute of all1 says ,dionysius1 is the spirit of life--to pneuma--that pervades it4 ,a ,,duke',s ,,opinions ,,of ,,virginia1 ,,north ,,and ,,south ,,carolina1 ,,and ,,georgia4 ,from a ,review of ,travels of the ,duke of ,saxe-,weimar in #ahbe-f4 ,in his journey through ,virginia1 our traveller visited ,mr4 ,jefferson1 with whom1 however1 he does not appear to have been as much struck as he had been with the late ,mr4 ,adams4 ,the ,natural ,bridge he pronounces one of the greatest wonders of nature he ever beheld1 albeit he had seen ,vesuvius and the ,phlegrean ,fields1 the ,giant's ,causeway in ,ireland1 the ,island of ,staffa1 and the ,falls of ,niagara4 ,finally 7to use a favorite mode of expression of his own71 he is amazed at the profusion of militia titles in ,virginia1 which almost persuaded him that he was at the headquarters of a grand army1 and at the aristocratic notions of some of the gentlemen in the same state1 who make no secret of their taste for primogeniture laws and hereditary nobility4 ,he passed through ,north ,carolina too rapidly to do anything like justice to the many remarkable things which that respectable state has to boast of4 ,accordingly1 his observations are principally confined to the inns where he stopped1 the roads over which he travelled1 and the mere exterior of the towns and villages which the stage-coach traverses in its route4 ,he is of opinion1 from what he saw in that region1 that it would be a good speculation to establish a glass manufactory in a country1 where there is such a want of glass1 and a superabundance of pine-trees and sand4 ,it had almost escaped us1 that he here for the first time made the acquaintance of a great many large vultures1 called buzzards1 the shooting of which is prohibited1 as they feed upon carrion1 and contribute in this manner to the salubrity of the country4 ,this parlous wild-fowl has the honor to attract the attention of his ,highness again in ,charleston1 where he informs us that its life is1 in like manner1 protected by law1 and where it is called from its resemblance to another bird1 the turkey-buzzard4 4 4 4 ,in ,columbia1 he became acquainted with most of the distinguished inhabitants1 of whose very kind attentions to him he speaks in high terms4 ,the following good-natured hint too may not be altogether useless3 ,at ,professor ,henry's a very agreeable society assembled at dinner4 ,at that party ,i observed a singular manner which is practiced2 the ladies sit down by themselves at one of the corners of the table4 ,but ,i broke the old custom1 and glided between them2 and no one's appetite was injured thereby4 4 4 4 4 ,nothing 4 4 4 can be a stronger exemplification of the difficulties under which a stranger labors1 in his efforts to acquire a knowledge of a country new to him1 than the perpetual mistakes which our distinguished traveller commits in his brief notices of ,georgia4 4 4 4 ,even the complexion of the people of ,georgia displeased him1 and1 coming from a ,court where ,french was not only the fashionable but the common language of social intercourse1 he considers the education of women neglected1 because they are not taught that language in situations where they might never have occasion to use it4 ,,mirabeau ,,buonaparte ,,lamar4 #agihahei4 ,,mirabeau ,,buonaparte ,,lamar1 second president of the ,republic of ,texas1 was born in ,louisville1 ,georgia4 ,in #ahce he emigrated to ,texas and took part in the struggle for independence against ,mexico1 being major-general in the army4 ,he was successively ,attorney-,general in the cabinet of ,president ,houston1 ,secretary of ,war1 ,vice-president1 and in #ahch ,president of the ,republic1 the second of the four presidents that ,texas had before it became a ,state in the ,union4 ,in #aheg-h he was ,united ,states minister to ,central ,america4 ,,works4 ,verse ,memorials4 ,lamar was rather a man of action than of letters2 but the following verses speak for him as having true poetic appreciation of beauty and power to express it4 ,,the ,,daughter ,,of ,,mendoza4 ,o lend to me1 sweet nightingale1 ,your music by the fountain1 ,and lend to me your cadences1 ,o rivers of the mountain6 ,that ,i may sing my gay brunette1 ,a diamond spark in coral set1 ,gem for a prince's coronet-- ,the daughter of ,mendoza4 ,how brilliant is the evening star1 ,the evening light how tender1-- ,the light of both is in her eyes1 ,their softness and their splendor4 ,but for the lash that shades their light ,they were too dazzling for the sight1 ,and when she shuts them1 all is night1-- ,the daughter of ,mendoza4 ,o ever bright and beauteous one1 ,bewildering and beguiling1 ,the lute is in thy silvery tones1 ,the rainbow in thy smiling2 ,and thine is1 too1 o'er hill and dell1 ,the bounding of the young gazelle1 ,the arrow's flight and ocean's swell-- ,sweet daughter of ,mendoza6 ,what though1 perchance1 we no more meet1-- ,what though too soon we sever8 ,thy form will float like emerald light ,before my vision ever4 ,for who can see and then forget ,the glories of my gay brunette-- ,thou art too bright a star to set1 ,sweet daughter of ,mendoza6 ,,francis ,,lister ,,hawks4 #agihahff4 ,,francis ,,lister ,,hawks was born at ,new ,berne1 ,north ,carolina1 and educated at the ,state ,university4 ,he became a clergyman of the ,episcopal ,church in #ahbg and was rector of parishes in ,new ,york1 ,new ,orleans1 and ,baltimore4 ,he was the first president of the ,university of ,louisiana1 and declined three elections to the bishopric4 ,see ,life by ,rev4 ,n4 ,l4 ,richardson4 ,,works4 ,history of ,north ,carolina4 ,history of the ,protestant ,episcopal ,church in the ,united ,states4 ,history of the ,protestant ,episcopal ,church in ,maryland4 ,constitution and ,canons of the ,episcopal ,church4 ,auricular ,confession in the ,episcopal ,church4 ,egypt and ,its ,monuments4 ,romance of ,biography4 ,cyclopdia of ,biography4 ,perry's ,expedition to ,japan4 ,dr4 ,hawks was a distinguished pulpit orator as well as an able and untiring writer4 ,his ecclesiastical works are considered a valuable contribution to the history of the church in the ,united ,states4 ,the book from which we quote1 ,history of ,north ,carolina1 was undertaken as a labor of love for his native ,state1 prepared in the intervals of time allowed by a laborious and responsible profession in a large city3 4 4 4 he frankly confesses that he would undergo such toil for no country but ,north ,carolina4 ,she has a claim upon his filial duty4 ,in her bosom his infancy found protection and his childhood was nourished4 ,he here lays his humble offering in her lap4 ,the story of the ,lost ,colony of ,roanoke has been called the tragedy of ,american colonization4 ,,the ,,first ,,indian ,,baptism ,,in ,,america4 7,from ,history of ,north ,carolina47 ,the colony #aehg was probably not without its clergyman1 and the faithful ,manteo1 who was among them1 had by this time become in heart an ,englishmen4 4 4 ,the mother and kindred of ,manteo lived on the island of ,croatan1 and thither1 very soon1 a visit was made by the faithful ,indian and a party of the ,english1 who endeavored1 through the instrumentality of the islanders1 to establish friendly relations with the inhabitants on the main land2 but the effort was in vain4 ,in truth1 the greater portion of the ,indians around1 manifested implacable ill-will1 and had already murdered one of the assistants1 who had incautiously strayed alone from the settlement on ,roanoke island4 ,on the #acth of ,august1 by direction of ,raleigh1 given before leaving ,england1 ,manteo was baptized1 7being probably the first native of this continent who ever received this sacrament at the hands of the ,english7 and was also called ,lord of ,roanoke and of ,dasamonguepeuk1 as the reward of his fidelity4 ,,virginia ,,dare1 ,,the ,,first ,,english ,,child ,,born ,,in ,,america4 ,a few days after1 another event1 not without interest in the little colony1 occupied the attention of all2 and doubtless in no small degree enlisted the sympathies of the female portion of the adventurers4 ,on the #ahth of ,august1 ,eleanor1 the daughter of ,governor ,white1 and wife of ,mr4 ,dare1 one of the assistants1 gave birth to a daughter1 the first child born of ,english parents upon the soil of the ,united ,states4 ,on the ,sunday following1 in commemoration of her birth-place1 she was baptized by the name of ,,virginia4 ,,the ,,lost ,,colony ,,of ,,roanoke4 7,from the ,same47 ,governor ,white remained but thirty-six days in ,north ,carolina4 4 4 4 ,before he left1 however1 it seems to have been understood that the colony should remove from ,roanoke ,island and settle on the main land3 and as1 at his return1 he might be at some loss to find them1 it was further agreed that in the event of their departure during his absence1 they should carve on some post or tree the name of the place whither they had gone2 and if in distress they were to carve above it a cross1 4 4 4 ,this was in #aehg4 ,it was not till the #bjth of ,march1 #aeij1 that ,governor ,white embarked at ,london in three ships to seek his colony and his children4 4 4 ,white found the island of ,roanoke a desert4 ,as he approached he sounded a signal trumpet1 but no answer was heard to disturb the melancholy stillness that brooded over the deserted spot4 ,what had become of the wretched colonists8 ,no man may with certainty say3 for all that ,white found to indicate their fate was a high post bearing on it the letters ,,cro1 and at the former site of their village he found a tree which had been deprived of its bark and bore in well cut characters the word ,,croatan4 ,there was some comfort in finding no cross carved above the word1 but this was all the comfort the unhappy father and grandfather could find4 ,he of course hastened back to the fleet1 determined instantly to go to ,croatan1 but a combination of unpropitious events defeated his anxious wishes2 storms and a deficiency of food forced the vessels to run for the ,west ,indies for the purpose of refitting1 wintering and returning2 but even in this plan ,white was disappointed and found himself reluctantly compelled to run for the western islands and thence for ,england4 ,thus ended the effort to find the lost colony2 they were never heard of4 ,that they went to ,croatan1 where the natives were friendly1 is almost certain2 that they became gradually incorporated with them is probable from the testimony of a historian ,john ,lawson who lived in ,north ,carolina and wrote published in #agad3 ,the ,hatteras ,indians who lived on ,roanoke ,island or much frequented it1 tell us1 7says he7 that several of their ancestors were white people and could talk in a book1 as we do2 the truth of which is confirmed by gray eyes being found frequently amongst these ,indians and no others4 ,,george ,,denison ,,prentice4 #ahjbahgj4 ,,george ,,denison ,,prentice was born in ,preston1 ,connecticut1 and was a teacher and lawyer in early life4 ,in #ahcj he went to ,kentucky1 and a year afterward became editor of the ,louisville ,journal1 which position he held and made illustrious during the remainder of his life4 ,his wit and humor gave him great influence1 and his paper1 afterwards consolidated with the ,courier and known as the ,courier-,journal1 became a power in politics1 commerce1 and society4 ,a fine statue of him adorns the ,courier-,journal building in ,louisville1 and his fame is by no means forgotten4 ,prenticeana is a collection of his witty and pungent paragraphs4 ,see ,memorial address by his successor1 ,henry ,watterson4 ,,works4 ,life of ,henry ,clay4 ,poems1 edited by ,john ,james ,piatt4 ,prenticeana1 with life-sketch4 ,mr4 ,prentice's best known poem is the ,closing ,year1 which elocutionists have kept before the public and which has often inspired young poets to sad verses on the passing of time4 ,,the ,,closing ,,year4 7,from ,poems4#ab7 ',tis midnight's holy hour--and silence now ,is brooding1 like a gentle spirit1 o'er ,the still and pulseless world4 ,hark6 on the winds1 ,the bell's deep-notes are swelling4 ',tis the knell ,of the departed year4 ,no funeral train ,is sweeping past2 yet on the stream and wood1 ,with melancholy light1 the moonbeams rest1 ,like a pale1 spotless shroud2 the air is stirred1 ,as by a mourner's sigh2 and on yon cloud1 ,that floats so still and placidly through heaven1 ,the spirits of the seasons seem to stand-- ,young ,spring1 bright ,summer1 ,autumn's solemn form1 ,and ,winter1 with his aged locks--and breathe ,in mournful cadences1 that come abroad ,like the far wind harp's wild and touching wail1 ,a melancholy dirge o'er the dead ,year1 ,gone from the earth forever4 ',tis a time ,for memory and for tears4 ,within the deep1 ,still chambers of the heart a spectre dim1 ,whose tones are like the wizard voice of ,time1 ,heard from the tomb of ages1 points its cold ,and solemn finger to the beautiful ,and holy visions that have passed away ,and left no shadow of their loveliness ,on the dead waste of life4 ,that spectre lifts ,the coffin-lid of hope1 and joy1 and love1 ,and1 bending mournfully above the pale1 ,sweet forms that slumber there1 scatters dead flowers ,o'er what has passed to nothingness4 ,the year ,has gone1 and1 with it1 many a glorious throng ,of happy dreams4 ,its mark is on each brow1 ,its shadow on each heart4 ,in its swift course ,it waved its scepter o'er the beautiful1 ,and they are not4 ,it laid its pallid hand ,upon the strong man1 and the haughty form ,is fallen1 and the flashing eye is dim4 ,it trod the hall of revelry1 where thronged ,the bright and joyous1 and the tearful wail ,of stricken ones is heard1 where erst the song ,and reckless shout resounded4 ,it passed o'er ,the battle plain1 where sword1 and spear1 and shield ,flashed in the light of midday--and the strength ,of serried hosts is shivered1 and the grass1 ,green from the soil of carnage1 waves above ,the crushed and mouldering skeleton4 ,it came ,and faded like a wreath of mist at eve2 ,yet1 ere it melted in the viewless air1 ,it heralded its millions to their home ,in the dim land of dreams4 ,remorseless ,time6-- ,fierce spirit of the glass and scythe6 what power ,can stay him in his silent course1 or melt ,his iron heart to pity8 ,on1 still on ,he presses and forever4 ,the proud bird1 ,the condor of the ,andes1 that can soar ,through heaven's unfathomable depths1 or brave ,the fury of the ,northern hurricane ,and bathe his plumage in the thunder's home1 ,furls his broad wings at nightfall and sinks down ,to rest upon his mountain crag--but ,time ,knows not the weight of sleep or weariness1 ,and night's deep darkness has no chain to bind ,his rushing pinion4 ,revolutions sweep ,o'er earth1 like troubled visions o'er the breast ,of dreaming sorrow2 cities rise and sink1 ,like bubbles on the water2 fiery isles ,spring1 blazing1 from the ocean1 and go back ,to their mysterious caverns2 mountains rear ,to heaven their bald and blackened cliffs1 and bow ,their tall heads to the plain2 new empires rise1 ,gathering the strength of hoary centuries1 ,and rush down like the ,alpine avalanche1 ,startling the nations2 and the very stars1 ,yon bright and burning blazonry of ,god1 ,glitter awhile in their eternal depths1 ,and1 like the ,pleiad1 loveliest of their train1 ,shoot from their glorious spheres1 and pass away1 ,to darkle in the trackless void2 yet ,time1 ,time1 the tomb-builder1 holds his fierce career1 ,dark1 stern1 all pitiless1 and pauses not ,amid the mighty wrecks that strew his path1 ,to sit and muse1 like other conquerors1 ,upon the fearful ruin he has wrought4 ,,paragraphs4 7,from ,prenticeana47 ,a pin has as much head as a good many authors1 and a good deal more point4 ,the ,turkish men hold that women have no souls1 and prove by their treatment of them that they have none themselves4 ,a writer in the ,american ,agriculturist insists that farmers ought to learn to make better fences4 ,why not establish a fencing-school for their benefit8 ,the thumb is a useful member1 but1 because you have one1 you needn't necessarily try to keep your neighbors under it4 ,the greatest truths are the simplest2 the greatest man and women are sometimes so1 too4 ,a ,new ,orleans poet calls the ,mississippi the most eloquent of rivers4 ,it ought to be eloquent2 it has a dozen mouths4 ,,footnote3 #ab ,by permission of ,robert ,clarke ,co41 ,cincinnati4 ,,edward ,,coate ,,pinkney4 #ahjbahbh4 ,,edward ,,coate#ac ,,pinkney was the son of the distinguished orator and statesman1 ,william ,pinkney1 of ,maryland1 and was born in ,london while his father was minister to ,england4 ,after attending the ,college of ,baltimore1 he entered the ,navy at fourteen years of age and spent much of his time of service in the ,mediterranean4 ,on his father's death1 #ahbb1 he returned to ,baltimore and engaged in the practice of law1 at the same time making some reputation by his poems4 ,a ,health and ,picture ,song are considered his best--their beauty makes us mourn his early death4 ,at the time he was numbered one of the five greatest poets of the country4 ,on his return from a journey to ,mexico1 taken for his health1 he was elected1 in #ahbf1 professor of ,belles-lettres in the ,university of ,maryland1 formerly called the ,college of ,baltimore4 ,,works4 ,poems3 ,rodolph1 a ,fragment1 and other ,poems4 ,a ,,health4 ,i fill this cup to one made up ,of loveliness alone2 ,a woman of her gentle sex ,the seeming paragon2 ,to whom the better elements ,and kindly stars have given ,a form so fair1 that1 like the air1 ',tis less of earth than heaven4 ,her every tone is music's own1 ,like those of morning birds1 ,and something more than melody ,dwells ever in her words2 ,the coinage of her heart are they1 ,and from her lips each flows ,as one may see the burdened bee ,forth issue from the rose4 ,affections are as thoughts to her1 ,the measures of her hours2 ,her feelings have the fragrancy1 ,the freshness of young flowers2 ,and lovely passions1 changing oft1 ,so fill her1 she appears ,the image of themselves by turns1-- ,the idol of past years4 ,of her bright face1 one glance will trace ,a picture on the brain1 ,and of her voice in echoing hearts ,a sound must long remain2 ,but memory such as mine of her ,so very much endears1 ,when death is nigh my latest sigh ,will not be life's1 but hers4 ,i fill this cup to one made up ,of loveliness alone1 ,a woman1 of her gentle sex ,the seeming paragon-- ,her health6 and would on earth there stood ,some more of such a frame1 ,that life might be all poetry1 ,and weariness a name4 ,,song4 ,we break the glass1 whose sacred wine1 ,to some beloved health we drain1 ,lest future pledges1 less divine1 ,should e'er the hallowed toy profane3 ,and thus ,i broke a heart that poured ,its tide of feelings out for thee1 ,in draughts1 by after times deplored1 ,yet dear to memory4 ,but still the old empassioned ways ,and habits of my mind remain1 ,and still unhappy light displays ,thine image chambered in my brain2 ,and still it looks as when the hours ,went by like flights of living birds1 ,or that soft chain of spoken flowers ,and airy gems1 thy words4 ,,footnote3 #ac ,mr4 ,charles ,weathers ,bump1 ,ph4 ,d4 7,johns-,hopkins71 says this name should be ,coote1 as it so stands in the register of ,pinkney's baptism1 which he has seen4 ,illustration3 ,tulane ,university1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 ,limited space permits us to give view of only one of the buildings of this great institution4 ,,charles ,,tienne ,,arthur ,,gayarr4 #ahje----4 ,,charles ,,tienne ,,arthur ,,gayarr1 descended from a family which was among the early settlers of ,louisiana1 was born in ,new ,orleans4 ,he was educated at the ,college of ,new ,orleans1 studied law in ,philadelphia1 and served in the ,state ,legislature4 ,in #ahce1 he was elected to the ,united ,states ,senate1 but ill-health prevented his taking the seat1 and he spent the eight succeeding years in ,europe4 ,he was afterwards ,secretary of ,state of ,louisiana1 and in the seven years of his service he did much to promote an interest in letters and history1 and to establish the ,state ,library on a firm basis4 ,he sided with his ,state in secession1 and in #ahfc recommended the emancipation and arming of the slaves4 ,since the war1 he has spent his time in literary work1 and has written both in ,english and ,french1 gaining a distinguished place especially as a historian4 ,,works4 ,histoire de la ,louisiane4 ,romance of the ,history of ,louisiana4 ,louisiana3 ,colonial ,history4 ,louisiana1 as a ,french ,colony4 ,history of the ,spanish ,dominion in ,louisiana4 ,history of ,louisiana1 to #ahfa4 ,phillip ,,ii4 of ,spain4 ,fernando de ,lemos4 ,aubert ,dubayet4 ,school for ,politics1 drama4 ,dr4 ,bluff1 comedy in #b ,acts4 ,addresses4 ,judge ,gayarr has been an able and tireless worker in the history and literature of his native state4 ,his works are admirable1 full of life and color1 although his style is lacking in terseness and strength4 ,he has indicated in the first volume of his ',history of ,louisiana' what might be done by a gifted fiction-writer with the picturesque legends and traditions therein heaped together in luxuriant confusion4 ,one feels while reading1 that the writer has been hampered here and there by the temptation to be a romancer rather than remain a historian1 and one does not experience any surprise at this in view of the profusion of startling and strange incidents4--,maurice ,thompson4 ,,louisiana ,,in #agej-aggj4 7,from ,history of ,louisiana1 ,french ,domination47 ,it was in this year1 #agea1 that two ships1 which were transporting two hundred regulars to ,louisiana1 stopped at ,hispaniola4 ,the ,jesuits of that island obtained permission to put on board of those ships1 and to send to the ,jesuits of ,louisiana1 some sugar canes1 and some negroes who were used to the cultivation of this plant4 ,the canes were put under ground1 according to the directions given1 on the plantation of the reverend fathers1 which was immediately above ,canal street1 on a portion of the space now occupied by the ,second ,municipality of the city of ,new ,orleans4 ,but it seems that the experiment proved abortive1 and it was only in #agif that the cultivation of the cane1 and the manufacturing of sugar1 was successfully introduced in ,louisiana1 and demonstrated to be practicable4 ,it was then that this precious reed was really naturalized in the colony1 and began to be a source of ever-growing wealth1 owing to the enterprise of ,jean tienne de ,bor4 ,on board of the same ships1 there came sixty girls1 who were transported to ,louisiana at the expense of the ,king4 ,it was the last emigration of the kind4 ,these girls were married to such soldiers as had distinguished themselves for their good conduct1 and who1 in consideration of their marriage1 were discharged from service4 ,concessions of land were made to each happy pair1 with one cow and its calf1 one cock and five hens1 one gun1 one axe1 and one spade4 ,during the first three years of their settlement1 they were to receive rations of provisions1 and a small quantity of powder1 shot1 grains and seeds of all sorts4 ,such is the humble origin of many of our most respectable and wealthy families1 and well may they be proud of a social position1 which is due to the honest industry and hereditary virtues of several generations4 ,whilst some of patrician extraction1 crushed under the weight of vices1 or made inert by sloth1 or labor-contemning pride1 and degenerating from pure gold into vile dross1 have been swept away1 and have sunk into the dregs and sewers of the commonwealth4 ,thus in ,louisiana1 the high and the low1 although the country has never suffered from any political or civil convulsions1 seem to have1 in the course of one century1 frequently exchanged with one another their respective positions1 much to the philosopher's edification4 4 4 ,on the #bcrd of ,september1 the intendant ,commissary1 ,michel de la ,rouvillire1 made a favorable report on the state of agriculture in ,louisiana4 ,the cultivation of the wax tree1 says he1 has succeeded admirably4 ,mr4 ,dubreuil1 alone1 has made six thousand pounds of wax4 ,others have obtained as handsome results1 in proportion to their forces2 some went to the seashore1 where the wax tree grows wild1 in order to use it in its natural state4 ,it is the only luminary used here by the inhabitants1 and it is exported to other parts of ,america and to ,france4 ,we stand in need of tillers of the ground1 and of negroes4 ,the colony prospers rapidly from its own impulse1 and requires only gentle stimulation4 ,in the last three years1 forty-five brick houses were erected in ,new ,orleans1 and several fine new plantations were established4 4 4 4 4 ,the administration of the ,marquis of ,vaudreuil was long and fondly remembered in ,louisiana1 as an epoch of unusual brilliancy1 but which was followed up by corresponding gloom4 ,his administration1 if small things may be compared with great ones1 was for ,louisiana1 with regard to splendor1 luxury1 military display1 and expenses of every kind1 what the reign of ,louis ,,xiv4 had been for ,france4 ,he was a man of patrician birth and high breeding1 who liked to live in a manner worthy of his rank4 ,remarkable for his personal graces and comeliness1 for the dignity of his bearing and the fascination of his address1 he was fond of pomp1 show1 and pleasure2 surrounded by a host of brilliant officers1 of whom he was the idol1 he loved to keep up a miniature court1 in distant imitation of that of ,versailles2 and long after he had departed1 old people were fond of talking of the exquisitely refined manners1 of the magnificent balls1 of the splendidly uniformed troops1 of the high-born young officers1 and of the many other unparalleled things they had seen in the days of the ,great ,marquis4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,the inventories made of the property of the twelve gentlemen1 whom the decree of the ,spanish tribunal had convicted of rebellion1 afford interesting proofs of the ,spartan simplicity which existed in the colony4 ,thus the furniture of the bed-room of ,madam ,viller1 who was the wife of one of the most distinguished citizens of ,louisiana1 and the grand-daughter of ,de ,lachaise1 who came to the colony in #agbc as ordaining commissary1 was described as consisting of a cypress bedstead1 three feet wide by six in length1 with a mattress of corn shucks and one of feathers on the top1 a bolster of corn shucks1 and a coarse cotton counterpane or quilt1 manufactured probably by the lady herself1 or by her servants2 six chairs of cypress wood1 with straw bottoms2 some candlesticks with common wax1 the candles made in the country1 c41 c4 ,the rest of the house was not more splendidly furnished1 and the house itself1 as described in the inventory1 must have looked very much like one of those modest and unpainted little wood structures which are1 to this day1 to be seen in many parts of the banks of the river ,mississippi1 and in the ,attakapas and ,opelousas parishes4 ,they are the tenements of our small planters who own only a few slaves1 and they retain the appellation of ,maisons d',acadiens1 or ,acadian houses4 ,viller's plantation1 situated at the ,german coast1 was not large1 and the whole of his slaves1 of both sexes and of all ages1 did not exceed thirty-two4 ,his friends and brother conspirators1 who were among the first gentlemen in the land1 did not live with more ostentation4 ,all the sequestrated property being sold1 it was found that1 after having distributed among the widows and other creditors what they were entitled to1 and after paying the costs of the trial and inventories1 the royal treasury had little or nothing to receive4 4 4 4 4 4 ,there were but humble dwellings in ,louisiana in #agfi1 and he who would have judged of their tenants from their outward appearance would have thought that they were occupied by mere peasants1 but had he passed their thresholds he would have been amazed at being welcomed with such manners as were habitual in the most polished court of ,europe1 and entertained by men and women wearing with the utmost ease and grace the elegant and rich costume of the reign of ,louis ,,xv4 ,there1 the powdered head1 the silk and gold flowered coat1 the lace and frills1 the red-heeled shoe1 the steel handled sword1 the silver knee buckles1 the high and courteous bearing of the gentleman1 the hoop petticoat1 the brocaded gown1 the rich head dress1 the stately bow1 the slightly rouged cheeks1 the artificially graceful deportment1 and the aristocratic features of the lady1 formed a strange contrast with the roughness of surrounding objects4 ,it struck one with as much astonishment as if diamonds had been found capriciously set by some unknown hand in one of the wild trees of the forest1 or it reminded the imagination of those fairy tales in which a princess is found asleep in a solitude1 where none but beasts of prey were expected to roam4 ,,the ,,tree ,,of ,,the ,,dead4 7,from ,history of ,louisiana47 ,in a lot situated at the corner of ,orleans and ,dauphine streets1 in the city of ,new ,orleans1 there is a tree which nobody looks at without curiosity and without wondering how it came there4 ,for a long time it was the only one of its kind known in the state1 and from its isolated position it has always been cursed with sterility4 ,it reminds one of the warm climes of ,africa or ,asia1 and wears the aspect of a stranger of distinction driven from his native country4 ,indeed with its sharp and thin foliage1 sighing mournfully under the blast of one of our ,november northern winds1 it looks as sorrowful as an exile4 ,its enormous trunk is nothing but an agglomeration of knots and bumps1 which each passing year seems to have deposited there as a mark of age1 and as a protection against the blows of time and of the world4 ,inquire for its origin1 and every one will tell you that it has stood there from time immemorial4 ,a sort of vague but impressive mystery is attached to it1 and it is as superstitiously respected as one of the old oaks of ,dodona4 ,bold would be the axe that would strike the first blow at that foreign patriarch2 and if it were prostrated to the ground by a profane hand1 what native of the city would not mourn over its fall1 and brand the act as an unnatural and criminal deed8 ,so1 long live the date-tree of ,orleans street--that time-honored descendant of ,asiatic ancestors6 ,in the beginning of #agbg1 a ,french vessel of war landed at ,new ,orleans a man of haughty mien1 who wore the ,turkish dress1 and whose whole attendance was a single servant4 ,he was received by the governor with the highest distinction1 and was conducted by him to a small but comfortable house with a pretty garden1 then existing at the corner of ,orleans and ,dauphine streets1 and which1 from the circumstance of its being so distant from other dwellings1 might have been called a rural retreat1 although situated in the limits of the city4 ,there the stranger1 who was understood to be a prisoner of state1 lived in the greatest seclusion2 and although neither he nor his attendant could be guilty of indiscretion1 because none understood their language1 and although ,governor ,prier severely rebuked the slightest inquiry1 yet it seemed to be the settled conviction in ,louisiana1 that the mysterious stranger was a brother of the ,sultan1 or some great personage of the ,ottoman empire1 who had fled from the anger of the vicegerent of ,mohammed1 and who had taken refuge in ,france4 ,the ,sultan had peremptorily demanded the fugitive1 and the ,french government1 thinking it derogatory to its dignity to comply with that request1 but at the same time not wishing to expose its friendly relations with the ,moslem monarch1 and perhaps desiring for political purposes1 to keep in hostage the important guest it had in its hands1 had recourse to the expedient of answering that he had fled to ,louisiana1 which was so distant a country1 that it might be looked upon as the grave1 where1 as it was suggested1 the fugitive might be suffered to wait in peace for actual death1 without danger or offence to the ,sultan4 ,whether this story be true or not is now a manner of so little consequence that it would not repay the trouble of a strict historical investigation4 ,the year #agbg was drawing to its close1 when on a dark stormy night the howling and barking of the numerous dogs in the streets of ,new ,orleans were observed to be fiercer than usual1 and some of that class of individuals who pretend to know everything1 declared that by the vivid flashes of the lightning1 they had seen swiftly and stealthily gliding toward the residence of the unknown a body of men who wore the scowling appearance of malefactors and ministers of blood4 ,there afterwards came also a report that a piratical-looking ,turkish vessel had been hovering a few days previous in the bay of ,barataria4 ,be it as it may1 on the next morning the house of the stranger was deserted4 ,there were no traces of mortal struggle to be seen2 but in the garden the earth had been dug1 and there was the unmistakable indication of a recent grave4 ,soon1 however1 all doubts were removed by the finding of an inscription in ,arabic characters1 engraved on a marble tablet1 which was subsequently sent to ,france4 ,it ran thus3 ,the justice of heaven is satisfied1 and the date-tree shall grow on the traitor's tomb4 ,the sublime ,emperor of the faithful1 the supporter of the faith1 the omnipotent master and ,sultan of the world1 has redeemed his vow4 ,god is great1 and ,mohammed is his prophet4 ,allah6 ,some time after this event1 a foreign-looking tree was seen to peep out of the spot where a corpse must have been deposited in that stormy night1 when the rage of the elements yielded to the pitiless fury of man1 and it thus explained in some degree this part of the inscription1 the date-tree shall grow on the traitor's grave4 ,who was he1 or what had he done1 who had provoked such relentless and far-seeking revenge8 ,ask ,nemesis1--or1 at that hour when evil spirits are allowed to roam over the earth and magical invocations are made1 go and interrogate the tree of the dead4 ,,matthew ,,fontaine ,,maury4 #ahjfahgc4 ,,matthew ,,fontaine ,,maury1 the ,pathfinder of the ,sea1 was born in ,spottsylvania ,county1 ,virginia1 reared in ,tennessee1 and entered the ,navy in #ahbe1 rising to be lieutenant in #ahcg4 ,in #ahci he met with an accident which lamed him for life1 and he thenceforward spent his time in study and investigation of naval subjects4 ,under the pen-name of ,harry ,bluff1 he wrote some essays for the ,southern ,literary ,messenger1 which produced great reforms in the ,navy and led to the establishment of the ,naval ,academy at ,annapolis4 ,in #ahdb he was appointed superintendent of the ,hydrographical ,office1 and in #ahdd1 of the ,national ,observatory1 at ,washington1 the latter position including the former4 ,the observations of winds1 currents1 and storms1 which he caused to be made during nine years1 are embodied in his ,wind and ,current ,charts2 and the system thus begun was adopted by all ,european countries and has proven of immense benefit both to commerce and science4 ,illustration3 ,florida ,state ,agricultural ,college 7,main ,building71 ,lake ,city1 ,fla4 ,to him and to ,lieutenant ,john ,m4 ,brooke1 afterwards ,com4 ,brooke1 ,c4 ,s4 ,n41 belongs the credit of deep-sea soundings2 and to him we owe the suggestion of the submarine telegraphic cable across the ,atlantic4 7,see below1 letter to ,secretary of the ,navy47 ,cyrus ,w4 ,field said1 at a dinner given in #aheh to celebrate the first cable message across the ,atlantic1--,maury furnished the brains1 ,england gave the money1 and ,i did the work4 ,his ,physical ,geography of the ,sea has been translated into all the languages of ,europe1 and caused ,humboldt to say that ,maury had founded a new science4 ,his researches and scientific labors gained him honors and medals from all scientific societies4 ,his ,navigation and ,geographies are in popular use in our schools4 ,his style is irresistibly attractive1 being clear1 strong1 elegant1 and indicative of truth in the man behind it4 ,he entered the ,confederate service in #ahfa1 and was employed at first at ,richmond and later as naval agent in ,europe4 ,when ,lee surrendered1 he was in the ,west ,indies on his way to put in use against ,federal vessels in ,southern ports a method of arranging torpedo mines which he had invented4 ,he then went to ,mexico 7#ahfe7 and took a position in the ,cabinet of the ,emperor ,maximilian2 but the revolution there 7#ahff7 terminated his relations with that government4 ,after two years in ,england1 he returned to ,virginia and in #ahfh became professor of ,physics in the ,virginia ,military ,institute4 ,at this time the ,university of ,cambridge conferred upon him the degree of ,,ll4 ,d41 and the ,emperor of the ,french invited him to ,paris as superintendent of the ,imperial ,observatory4 ,his life has been written in a most engaging style by his daughter1 ,mrs4 ,diana ,fontaine ,maury ,corbin4 ,,works4 ,navigation4 ,scraps from the ,lucky ,bay1 by ,harry ,bluff4 ,rebuilding ,southern ,commerce4 ,wind and ,current ,charts4 ,sailing ,directions4 ,physical ,geography of the ,sea4 ,series of ,geographies4 ,physical ,survey of ,virginia4 ,resources of ,west ,virginia 7with ,wm4 ,m4 ,fontaine74 ,lanes for ,steamers ,crossing the ,atlantic4 ,amazon and ,atlantic ,slopes4 ,magnetism and the ,circulation of the ,atmosphere4 ,,the ,,gulf ,,stream4 7,from ,sailing ,directions47 ,it is not necessary to associate with oceanic currents the idea that they must of necessity1 as on land1 run from a higher to a lower level4 ,so far from this being the case1 some currents of the sea actually run up-hill1 while others run on a level4 ,the ,gulf ,stream is of the first class4 ,in a paper read before the ,national ,institute in #ahdd1 ,i showed why the bottom of the ,gulf ,stream ought1 theoretically1 to be an inclined plane1 running upwards4 ,if the ,gulf ,stream be #bjj fathoms deep in the ,florida ,pass1 and but #ajj fathoms off ,hatteras1 it is evident that the bottom would be lifted #ajj fathoms within that distance2 and therefore1 while the bottom of the ,gulf ,stream runs up-hill1 the top preserves the water-level1 or nearly so2 for its banks are of sea-water1 and being in the ocean1 are themselves on a water-level4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,i have also1 on a former occasion1 pointed out the fact1 that1 inasmuch as the ,gulf ,stream is a bed of warm water1 lying between banks of cold water--that as warm water is lighter than cold--therefore1 the surface of the ,gulf ,stream ought1 theoretically1 to be in the shape of a double inclined plane1 like the roof a house1 down which we may expect to find a shallow surface or roof current1 running from the middle towards either edge of the stream4 ,the fact that this roof-current does exist has been fully established 4 4 4 4 4 4 by officers of the navy4 ,thus1 in lowering a boat to try a current1 they found that the boat would invariably be drifted towards one side or other of the stream1 while the vessel herself was drifted along in the direction of it4 4 4 ,this feature of the ,gulf ,stream throws a gleam of light upon the locus of the ,gulf weed1 by proving that its place of growth cannot be on this side 7west7 of that stream4 ,no ,gulf weed is ever found west of the axis of the ,gulf ,stream2 and1 if we admit the top of the stream to be higher in the middle than at the edges1 it would be difficult to imagine how the ,gulf weed should cross it1 or get from one side of it to the other4 ,the inference1 therefore1 would be1 that as all the ,gulf weed which is seen about this stream is on its eastern declivity1 the locus of the weed must be somewhere within or near the borders of the stream1 and to the east of the middle4 ,and this idea is strengthened by the report of ,captain ,scott1 a most intelligent ship-master1 who informs me that he has seen the ,gulf weed growing on the ,bahama ,banks4 ,,deep-,,sea ,,soundings4 7,from a ,letter to the ,secretary of the ,navy1 #ahed1 given in ,mrs4 ,corbin's ,life of ,maury4#ad7 ,the ,u4 ,s4 brig ,dolphin1 lieutenant commanding ,o4 ,h4 ,berryman1 was employed last summer upon special services connected with this office4 4 4 4 ,he was directed also to carry along a line of deep-sea soundings from the shores of ,newfoundland to those of ,ireland4 ,the result is highly interesting upon the question of a submarine telegraph across the ,atlantic1 and ,i therefore beg leave to make it the subject of a special report4 ,this line of deep-sea sounding seems to be ,,decisive of the question as to the practicability of a submarine telegraph between the two continents in so far as the bottom of the deep sea is concerned4 ,from ,newfoundland to ,ireland the distance between the nearest points is about #afjj miles1 and the bottom of the sea between the two places is a plateau which seems to have been placed there especially for the purpose of holding the wires of the submarine telegraph1 and of keeping them out of harm's way4 ,it is neither too deep nor too shallow2 yet it is so deep that the wires but once landed will remain forever beyond the reach of the anchors of vessels1 icebergs1 and drifts of any kind1 and so shallow1 that they may be readily lodged upon the bottom4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,a wire laid across from either of the above-named places on this side to the north of the ,grand ,banks1 will rest on that beautiful plateau to which ,i have alluded1 and where the waters of the sea appear to be as quiet and as completely at rest as it is at the bottom of a mill-pond4 ,it is proper that the reasons should be stated for the inference that there are no perceptible currents and no abrading agents at work at the bottom of the sea upon this telegraphic plateau4 ,i derive this inference from the study of a physical fact1 which ,i little deemed1 when ,i sought it1 had any such bearings4 ,lieutenant ,berryman brought up1 with ,brooke's deep-sea sounding apparatus1 specimens of the bottom from this plateau4 ,i sent them to ,professor ,bailey1 at ,west ,point1 for examination under his microscope4 ,this he kindly undertook1 and that eminent microscopist was quite as much surprised to find1 as ,i was to learn1 that all these specimens of deep-sea soundings are filled with microscopic shells4 ,to use his own words1 not a particle of sand or gravel exists in them4 ,these little shells therefore suggest the fact that there are no currents at the bottom of the sea whence they come2 that ,brooke's lead found them where they were deposited in their burial-place4 4 4 4 ,had there been currents at the bottom1 they would have swept and abraded and mingled up with these microscopic remains the dbris of the bottom of the sea1 such as ooze1 sand1 gravel1 and other matter2 but not a particle of sand or gravel was found among them4 ,hence the inference that these depths of the sea are not disturbed by either waves or currents4 ,consequently1 a telegraphic wire once laid there would remain as completely beyond the reach of accident as it would be if buried in air-tight cases4 ,,heroic ,,death ,,of ,,lieutenant ,,herndon4 7,from ,maury's ,report1 in ,mrs4 ,corbin's ,life of ,maury4#ae7 ,u4 ,s4 ,,national ,,observatory1 ,,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 ,october #aith1 #aheg4 ,,sir1--,on the #abth day of ,september last1 at sea1 the ,u4 ,s4 mail steamship ,central ,america1 with the ,california mails1 many of the passengers and crew1 and a large amount of treasure on board1 foundered in a gale off ,cape ,hatteras4 ,the law requires the vessels of this line to be commanded by officers of the ,navy1 and ,commander ,william ,lewis ,herndon had this one4 ,he went down with his ship1 leaving a glowing example of devotion to duty1 ,christian conduct1 and true heroism4 4 4 4 4 ,the ,central ,america1 at the time of her loss1 was bound from ,aspinwall1 vi ,havana1 to ,new ,york4 ,she had on board1 as nearly as has been ascertained1 about two millions in gold1 and #dgd passengers1 besides a crew1 all told1 of #aja souls--total1 #ege4 ,she touched at ,havana on the #gth ,september last1 and put to sea again at nine o'clock on the morning of the #hth4 ,the ship was apparently in good order1 the time seemed propitious1 and all hands were in fine health and spirits1 for the prospects of a safe and speedy passage home were very cheering4 ,the breeze was from the trade winds quarter at ,n4 ,e42 but at midnight on the #ith it freshened to a gale1 which continued to increase till the forenoon of ,friday1 ,september #aath1 when it blew with great violence4 4 4 ,up to this time the ship behaved admirably2 nothing had occurred worthy of note1 or in any way calculated to excite suspicions of her prowess1 until the forenoon of that day1 when it was discovered that she had sprung a leak4 ,the sea was running high3 4 4 4 the leak was so large that by #a ,p4 ,m4 the water had risen high enough to extinguish the fires on one side and stop the engine4 4 4 4 ,crew and passengers worked manfully1 pumping and baling all ,friday afternoon and night1 and when day dawned upon them the violence of the storm was still increasing4 4 4 4 ,the flag was hoisted union down1 that every vessel as she hove in sight might know they were in distress and wanted help4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,finally1 about noon of ,saturday the #abth1 the gale began to abate and the sky to brighten4 4 4 4 ,at about #b ,p4 ,m4 the brig ,marine1 ,captain ,burt1 of ,boston1 bound from the ,west ,indies to ,new ,york1 heard minute-guns1 and saw the steamer's signals of distress4 ,she ran down to the sinking ship1 and though very much crippled herself by the gale1 promised to lay by4 4 4 4 ,the steamer's boats were ordered to be lowered--the ,marine had none that could live in such a sea4 4 4 4 ,all the women and children were first sent to the brig1 and every one arrived there in safety4 ,each boat made two loads to the brig1 carrying in all #ajj persons4 ,by this time night was setting in4 ,the brig had drifted to leeward several miles away from the steamer2 and was so crippled that she could not beat up to her again4 ,black's 7the boatswain7 boat alone returned the second time4 ,her gallant crew had been buffeting with the storm for two days and nights without rest1 and with little or no food4 ,the boat itself had been badly stove while alongside with the last load of passengers4 ,she was so much knocked to pieces as to be really unserviceable1 nor could she have held another person4 ,still those brave seamen1 inspired by the conduct and true to the trust imposed in them by their ,captain1 did not hesitate to leave the brig again1 and pull back through the dark for miles1 across an angry sea1 that they might join him in his sinking ship1 and take their chances with the rest4 4 4 4 4 4 ,as one of the last boats was about to leave the ship1 her commander gave his watch to a passenger with the request that it might be delivered to his wife4 ,he wished to charge him with a message for her also1 but his utterance was choked4 ,tell her----4 ,unable to proceed1 he bent down his head and buried his face in his hands for a moment as if in prayer1 for he was a devout man and a ,christian4 ,in that moment1 brief as it was1 he endured the great agony2 but it was over now4 4 4 4 ,he had resolved to go down with his ship4 ,calm and collected1 he rose up from that mighty struggle with renewed vigour1 and went with encouraging looks about the duties of the ship as before4 4 4 4 ,after the boat which bore ,mr4 ,payne--to whom ,herndon had entrusted his watch--had shoved off1 the ,captain went to his state-room and put on his uniform2 4 4 4 4 4 then walking out1 he took his stand on the wheel-house1 holding on to the iron railing with his left hand4 ,a rocket was sent off1 the ship fetched her last lurch1 and as she went down he uncovered4 4 4 4 ,just before the steamer went down1 a row-boat was heard approaching4 ,herndon hailed her2 it was the boatswain's boat1 rowed by hard hands and gentle hearts1 returning from on board the brig to report her disabled condition4 ,if she came alongside she would be engulfed with the sinking ship4 ,herndon ordered her to keep off4 ,she did so1 and was saved4 ,this1 as far as ,i have been able to learn1 was his last order4 ,forgetful of self1 mindful of others1 his life was beautiful to the last1 and in his death he has added a new glory to the annals of the sea4 ,a handsome monument to his memory stands in the ,parade-ground of the ,naval ,school at ,annapolis4 ,,footnotes3 #ad ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,corbin4 #ae ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,corbin4 ,,william ,,gilmore ,,simms4 #ahjfahgj4 ,,william ,,gilmore ,,simms was born and reared in ,charleston1 ,south ,carolina4 ,his early education was limited2 he was for a while clerk in a drug-store and then he studied law4 ,but his decided taste for letters soon induced him to devote his entire time and attention to their cultivation4 ,he wrote rapidly and voluminously1 and produced poems1 novels1 dramas1 histories1 biographies1 book-reviews1 editorials1--in short1 all kinds of writing4 ,he was editor of various journals at different times1 and did all he could to inspire and foster a literary taste in his generation4 ,his style shows the effect of haste and overwork4 ,illustration3 ,woodlands1 ,s4 ,c41 ,home of ,w4 ,gilmore ,simms4 ,his novels dealing with ,colonial and ,revolutionary subjects are his best work4 ,they give us graphic pictures of the struggles that our forefathers in the ,south had with the wild beasts1 swamps1 forests1 and ,indians in ,colonial times1 and with these and the ,british in the ,revolutionary period4 ,they should be read in connection with our early history1 especially the following3 ,yemassee1 7#agad1 ,colonial times72 ,partisan1 ,mellichampe1 and ,katharine ,walton1 7forming the ,revolutionary ,trilogy72 ,eutaw2 ,scout2 ,forayers2 ,woodcraft1 7#agge-aghc72 ,wigwam and ,cabin 7a collection of short stories74 ,some of his poems are well worth reading1 especially the legends of ,indian and ,colonial life2 and the ,spirits' songs in ,atalantis are very dainty and musical4 ,he was the friend and helper of his younger fellow-workers in literature1 among whom were notably ,paul ,hamilton ,hayne and ,henry ,timrod4 ,at his country home ,woodlands and in ,charleston1 he dispensed a generous and delightful hospitality and made welcome his many friends from ,north1 ,south1 and ,west4 ,the last few years of his life were darkened by distress and poverty1 in common with his brethren all over the ,south2 and his heroic struggle against them reminds us of that of ,sir ,walter ,scott1 though far more dire and pathetic4 ,a fine bust of him by ,ward adorns the ,battery in his native and much-loved city4 ,see ,life1 by ,william ,p4 ,trent4 ,,works4 ,,novels4 ,martin ,faber4 ,book of ,my ,lady4 ,guy ,rivers4 ,yemassee4 ,partisan4 ,mellichampe4 ,richard ,hurdis4 ,palayo4 ,carl ,werner and other ,tales4 ,border ,beagles4 ,confession1 or the ,blind ,heart4 ,beauchampe1 sequel to ,charlemont4 ,helen ,halsey4 ,castle ,dismal4 ,count ,julian4 ,wigwam and ,cabin4 ,katharine ,walton4 ,golden ,christmas4 ,forayers4 ,maroon1 and other ,tales4 ,utah4 ,woodcraft4 ,marie de ,bernire4 ,father ,abbott4 ,scout1 first called ,kinsmen4 ,charlemont4 ,cassique of ,kiawah4 ,vasconselos1 tale of ,de ,soto4 ,,poems1 #b volumes4 ,atalantis4 ,grouped ,thoughts and ,scattered ,fancies4 ,lays of the ,palmetto4 ,southern ,passages and ,pictures4 ,areytos3 ,songs and ,ballads of the ,south4 ,,dramas4 ,norman ,maurice4 ,michael ,bonham1 or ,fall of the ,alamo4 ,,biography ,,and ,,history1 ,c4 ,life of ,general ,francis ,marion4 ,life of ,captain ,john ,smith4 ,life of ,chevalier ,bayard4 ,geography of ,south ,carolina4 ,reviews in ,periodicals #b vols44 ,life of ,general ,nathanael ,greene4 ,history of ,south ,carolina4 ,south ,carolina in the ,revolution4 ,war ,poetry of the ,south4 ,seven ,dramas of ,shakspere4 ,,sonnet4--,,the ,,poet',s ,,vision4 ,upon the ,poet's soul they flash forever1 ,in evening shades1 these glimpses strange and sweet2 ,they fill his heart betimes1--they leave him never1 ,and haunt his steps with sounds of falling feet2 ,he walks beside a mystery night and day2 ,still wanders where the sacred spring is hidden2 ,yet1 would he take the seal from the forbidden1 ,then must he work and watch as well as pray6 ,how work8 ,how watch8 ,beside him--in his way1-- ,springs without check the flow'r by whose choice spell1-- ,more potent than herb moly1--he can tell ,where the stream rises1 and the waters play6-- ,ah6 spirits call'd avail not6 ,on his eyes1 ,sealed up with stubborn clay1 the darkness lies4 ,,the ,,doom ,,of ,,occonestoga4 7,from ,yemassee47 ,occonestoga1 the degenerate son of the ,yemassee chief ,sanutee1 has been condemned1 for befriending the whites1 to a fate worse than death4 ,the totem of his tribe1 an arrow branded upon the shoulder1 is to be cut and burnt out by the executioner1 ,malatchie1 and he is to be declared accursed from his tribe and from their paradise forever1 a slave of ,opitchi-,manneyto1 the evil spirit4 ,occonestoga's head sank in despair1 as he beheld the unchanging look of stern resolve with which the unbending sire regarded him4 ,for a moment he was unmanned2 until a loud shout of derision from the crowd as they beheld the show of his weakness1 came to the support of his pride4 ,the ,indian shrinks from humiliation1 where he would not shrink from death2 and1 as the shout reached his ears1 he shouted back his defiance1 raised his head loftily in air1 and with the most perfect composure1 commenced singing his song of death1 the song of many victories4 ,wherefore sings he his death-song8 was the cry from many voices1--he is not to die6 ,thou art the slave of ,opitchi-,manneyto1 cried ,malatchie to the captive1 thou shalt sing no lie of thy victories in the ear of ,yemassee4 ,the slave of ,opitchi-,manneyto has no triumph--and the words of the song were effectually drowned1 if not silenced1 in the tremendous clamor which they raised about him4 ,it was then that ,malatchie claimed his victim--the doom had been already given1 but the ceremony of expatriation and outlawry was yet to follow1 and under the direction of the prophet1 the various castes and classes of the nation prepared to take a final leave of one who could no longer be known among them4 ,first of all came a band of young marriageable women1 who1 wheeling in a circle three times about him1 sang together a wild apostrophe containing a bitter farewell1 which nothing in our language could perfectly embody4 ,go1--thou hast no wife in ,yemassee1--thou hast given no lodge to the daughter of ,yemassee1--thou hast slain no meat for thy children4 ,thou hast no name--the women of ,yemassee know thee no more4 ,they know thee no more4 ,and the final sentence was reverberated from the entire assembly1 ,they know thee no more1 they know thee no more4 ,then came a number of the ancient men1--the patriarchs of the nation1 who surrounded him in circular mazes three several times1 singing as they did so a hymn of like import4 ,go--thou sittest not in the council of ,yemassee--thou shalt not speak wisdom to the boy that comes4 ,thou hast no name in ,yemassee--the fathers of ,yemassee1 they know thee no more4 ,and again the whole assembly cried out1 as with one voice1 ,they know thee no more1 they know thee no more4 ,these were followed by the young warriors1 his old associates1 who now1 in a solemn band1 approached him to go through a like performance4 ,his eyes were shut as they came1 his blood was chilled in his heart1 and the articulated farewell of their wild chant failed seemingly to reach his ear4 ,nothing but the last sentence he heard-- ,thou that wast a brother1 ,thou art nothing now1 ,the young warriors of ,yemassee1 ,they know thee no more4 ,and the crowd cried with them1 ,they know thee no more4 ,is no hatchet sharp for ,occonestoga8 moaned forth the suffering savage4 ,but his trials were only then begun4 ,enoree-,mattee now approached him with the words1 with which1 as the representative of the good ,manneyto1 he renounced him1--with which he denied him access to the ,indian heaven1 and left him a slave and an outcast1 a miserable wanderer amid the shadows and the swamps1 and liable to all the doom and terrors which come with the service of ,opitchi-,manneyto4 ,thou wast the child of ,manneyto1 sung the high priest in a solemn chant1 and with a deep-toned voice that thrilled strangely amid the silence of the scene1 ,thou wast the child of ,manneyto ,he gave thee arrows and an eye1-- ,thou wast the strong son of ,manneyto1 ,he gave thee feathers and a wing1-- ,thou wast a young brave of ,manneyto1 ,he gave thee scalps and a war-song1-- ,but he knows thee no more--he knows thee no more4 ,and the clustering multitude again gave back the last line in wild chorus4 ,the prophet continued his chant3 ,that ,opitchi-,manneyto6-- ,he commands thee for his slave-- ,and the ,yemassee must hear him1 ,hear1 and give thee for his slave-- ,they will take from thee the arrow1 ,the broad arrow of thy people1-- ,thou shalt see no blessed valley1 ,where the plum-groves always bloom-- ,thou shalt hear no songs of valour1 ,from the ancient ,yemassee-- ,father1 mother1 name1 and people1 ,thou shalt lose with that broad arrow1 ,thou art lost to the ,manneyto1-- ,he knows thee no more--he knows thee no more4 ,the despair of hell was in the face of the victim1 and he howled forth1 in a cry of agony that for a moment silenced the wild chorus of the crowd around1 the terrible consciousness in his mind of that privation which the doom entailed upon him4 ,every feature was convulsed with emotion2 and the terrors of ,opitchi-,manneyto's dominion seemed already in strong exercise upon the muscles of his heart1 when ,sanutee1 the father1 silently approached him1 and with a pause of a few moments1 stood gazing upon the son from whom he was to be separated eternally-- 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,in a loud and bitter voice he exclaimed1 ,thy father knows thee no more1--and once more came to the ears of the victim the melancholy chorus of the multitude--,he knows thee no more1 he knows thee no more4 ,sanutee turned quickly away as he had spoken2 and as if he suffered more than he was willing to show1 the old man rapidly hastened to the little mound where he had been previously sitting1 his eyes averted from the further spectacle4 ,occonestoga1 goaded to madness by these several incidents1 shrieked forth the bitterest execrations1 until ,enoree-,mattee1 preceding ,malatchie1 again approached4 ,having given some directions in an under-tone to the latter1 he retired1 leaving the executioner alone with his victim4 ,malatchie1 then1 while all was silence in the crowd1--a thick silence1 in which even respiration seemed to be suspended1--proceeded to his duty2 and1 lifting the feet of ,occonestoga carefully from the ground1 he placed a log under them--then addressing him1 as he again bared his knife which he stuck in the tree above his head1 he sung-- ,i take from thee the earth of ,yemassee-- ,i take from thee the water of ,yemassee-- ,i take from thee the arrow of ,yemassee-- ,thou art no longer a ,yemassee-- ,the ,yemassee knows thee no more4 ,the ,yemassee knows thee no more1 cried the multitude1 and their universal shout was deafening upon the ear4 ,occonestoga said no word now--he could offer no resistance to the unnerving hands of ,malatchie1 who now bared the arm more completely of its covering4 ,but his limbs were convulsed with the spasms of that dreadful terror of the future which was racking and raging in every pulse of his heart4 ,he had full faith in the superstitions of his people4 ,his terrors acknowledged the full horrors of their doom4 ,a despairing agony which no language could describe had possession of his soul4 ,meanwhile1 the silence of all indicated the general anxiety2 and ,malatchie prepared to seize the knife and perform the operation1 when a confused murmur arose from the crowd around2 the mass gave way and parted1 and1 rushing wildly into the area1 came ,matiwan1 his mother1 the long black hair streaming1 the features1 an astonishing likeness to his own1 convulsed like his2 and her action that of one reckless of all things in the way of the forward progress she was making to the person of her child4 ,she cried aloud as she came1 with a voice that rang like a sudden death-bell through the ring4 ,would you keep a mother from her boy1 and he to be lost to her for ever8 ,shall she have no parting with the young brave she bore in her bosom8 ,away1 keep me not back--,i will look upon him1 ,i will love him4 ,he shall have the blessing of ,matiwan1 though the ,yemassee and the ,manneyto curse4 ,the victim heard1 and a momentary renovation of mental life1 perhaps a renovation of hope1 spoke out in the simple exclamation which fell from his lips3 ,oh1 ,matiwan--oh1 mother6 ,she rushed towards the spot where she heard his appeal1 and thrusting the executioner aside1 threw her arms desperately about his neck4 ,touch him not1 ,matiwan1 was the general cry from the crowd2 touch him not1 ,matiwan1--,manneyto knows him no more4 ,but ,matiwan knows him--the mother knows her child1 though ,manneyto denies him4 ,oh1 boy--oh1 boy1 boy1 boy4 ,and she sobbed like an infant on his neck4 ,thou art come1 ,matiwan--thou art come1 but wherefore8 ,to curse1 like the father--to curse1 like the ,manneyto8 mournfully said the captive4 ,no1 no1 no6 ,not to curse1 not to curse4 ,when did mother curse the child she bore8 ,not to curse1 but to bless thee4 ,to bless thee and forgive4 ,tear her away1 cried the prophet2 let ,opitchi-,manneyto have his slave4 ,tear her away1 ,malatchie1 cried the crowd1 now impatient for the execution4 ,malatchie approached4 ,not yet1 not yet1 appealed the woman4 ,shall not the mother say farewell to the child she shall see no more8 and she waved ,malatchie back1 and in the next instant drew hastily from the drapery of her dress a small hatchet1 which she had there carefully concealed4 ,what wouldst thou do1 ,matiwan8 asked ,occonestoga1 as his eye caught the glare of the weapon4 ,save thee1 my boy--save thee for thy mother1 ,occonestoga--save thee for the happy valley4 ,wouldst thou slay me1 mother1 wouldst strike the heart of thy son8 he asked1 with a something of reluctance to receive death from the hands of a parent4 ,i strike thee but to save thee1 my son2 since they cannot take the totem from thee after the life is gone4 ,turn away from me thy head--let me not look upon thine eyes as ,i strike1 lest my hands grow weak and tremble4 ,turn thine eyes away2 ,i will not lose thee4 ,his eyes closed1 and the fatal instrument1 lifted above her head1 was now visible in the sight of all4 ,the executioner rushed forward to interpose1 but he came too late4 ,the tomahawk was driven deep into the skull1 and but a single sentence from his lips preceded the final insensibility of the victim4 ,it is good1 ,matiwan1 it is good2 thou hast saved me2 the death is in my heart4 ,and back he sank as he spoke1 while a shriek of mingled joy and horror from the lips of the mother announced the success of her effort to defeat the doom1 the most dreadful in the imagination of the ,yemassee4 ,he is not lost1 he is not lost4 ,they may not take the child from his mother4 ,they may not keep him from the valley of ,manneyto4 ,he is free--he is free4 ,and she fell back in a deep swoon into the arms of ,sanutee1 who by this time had approached4 ,she had defrauded ,opitchi-,manneyto of his victim1 for they may not remove the badge of the nation from any but the living victim4 ,,marion4 ,the ,swamp ,fox4 7,from the ,partisan47 ,i4 ,we follow where the ,swamp ,fox guides1 ,his friends and merry men are we2 ,and when the troop of ,tarleton rides1 ,we burrow in the cypress tree4 ,the turfy hammock is our bed1 ,our home is in the red deer's den1 ,our roof1 the tree-top overhead1 ,for we are wild and hunted men4 ,,ii4 ,we fly by day1 and shun its light1 ,but1 prompt to strike the sudden blow1 ,we mount and start with early night1 ,and through the forest track our foe4 ,and soon he hears our chargers leap1 ,the flashing sabre blinds his eyes1 ,and ere he drives away his sleep1 ,and rushes from his camp1 he dies4 ,,iii4 ,free bridle-bit1 good gallant steed1 ,that will not ask a kind caress1 ,to swim the ,santee at our need1 ,when on his heels the foemen press1-- ,the true heart and the ready hand1 ,the spirit stubborn to be free1 ,the twisted bore1 the smiting brand1-- ,and we are ,marion's men1 you see4 ,,iv4 ,now light the fire1 and cook the meal1 ,the last perhaps that we shall taste2 ,i hear the ,swamp ,fox round us steal1 ,and that's a sign we move in haste4 ,he whistles to the scouts1 and hark6 ,you hear his order calm and low-- ,come1 wave your torch across the dark1 ,and let us see the boys that go4 ,v4 ,we may not see their forms again1 ,god help 'em1 should they find the strife6 ,for they are strong and fearless men1 ,and make no coward terms for life2 ,they'll fight as long as ,marion bids1 ,and when he speaks the word to shy1 ,then--not till then--they turn their steeds1 ,through thickening shade and swamp to fly4 ,,vi4 ,now stir the fire1 and lie at ease1 ,the scouts are gone1 and on the brush ,i see the colonel bend his knees1 ,to take his slumbers too--but hush6 ,he's praying1 comrades2 'tis not strange2 ,the man that's fighting day by day1 ,may well1 when night comes1 take a change1 ,and down upon his knees to pray4 ,,vii4 ,break up that hoe-cake1 boys1 and hand ,the sly and silent jug that's there2 ,i love not it should idly stand1 ,when ,marion's men have need of cheer4 ',tis seldom that our luck affords ,a stuff like this we just have quaffed1 ,and dry potatoes on our boards ,may always call for such a draught4 ,,viii4 ,now pile the brush and roll the log2 ,hard pillow1 but a soldier's head ,that's half the time in brake and bog ,must never think of softer bed4 ,the owl is hooting to the night1 ,the cooter crawling o'er the bank1 ,and in that pond the flashing light ,tells where the alligator sank4 ,,ix4 ,what6 'tis the signal6 start so soon4 ,and through the ,santee swamp so deep1 ,without the aid of friendly moon1 ,and we1 ,heaven help us6 half asleep6 ,but courage1 comrades6 ,marion leads1 ,the ,swamp ,fox takes us out to-night2 ,so clear your swords1 and spur your steeds1 ,there's goodly chance1 ,i think1 of fight4 ,x4 ,we follow where the ,swamp ,fox guides1 ,we leave the swamp and cypress tree1 ,our spurs are in our coursers' sides1 ,and ready for the strife are we1-- ,the ,tory camp is now in sight1 ,and there he cowers within his den1-- ,he hears our shouts1 he dreads the fight1 ,he fears1 and flies from ,marion's men4 ,illustration3 ,handwriting3 ,most truly affly yours ,r ,e ,lee ,,robert ,,edward ,,lee4 #ahjgahgj4 ,,robert ,,edward ,,lee was born at ,stratford1 ,westmoreland ,county1 ,virginia1 descended from a long line of illustrious ancestors4 ,he was educated as a soldier at ,west ,point1 served with great distinction under ,general ,scott in the ,mexican ,war1 and commanded the troops which suppressed the ,john ,brown ,raid in #ahei4 ,when his ,state seceded in #ahfa1 he resigned his commission of ,colonel in the ,united ,states ,army1 and returned to ,virginia4 ,he was appointed commander-in-chief of the ,virginia forces1 and later of the ,confederate ,army4 ,his course during the war has elicited the praise and admiration of all military critics4 ,after the war he quietly turned to the duties of a citizen4 ,he became president of ,washington ,college1 which is now called in his honor ,washington and ,lee ,university4 ,he stands with ,washington a model for young men1 and many monuments in marble and bronze attest the love and devotion of the ,south to her great ,chief4 ,,works4 ,edited his father's ,memoirs of the ,revolution4 ,letters and ,addresses4 ,general ,lee was a soldier and a man who acted rather than spoke or wrote4 ,when1 however1 it was his duty to speak or write1 he did it1 as he did everything else1 excellently1 striving to express in simplest language the right and proper thing rather than draw attention and admiration to himself by any effort at grace or beauty of style4 ,its simplicity reminds us of ,washington4 ,his life has been written by ,john ,esten ,cooke1 ,john ,william ,jones1 ,j4 ,d4 ,mc,cabe1 ,jr41 and ,fitz ,hugh ,lee1 his nephew4 ,,to ,,his ,,son4 ,duty is the sublimest word in the ,english language4 ,at ,,the ,,surrender4 ,human virtue should be equal to human calamity4 ,,general ,,lee',s ,,last ,,order4 7,appomattox ,court-,house1 ,april #aj1 #ahfe47 ,after four years of arduous service1 marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude1 the ,army of ,northern ,virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources4 ,i need not tell the survivors of so many hard-fought battles1 who have remained steadfast to the last1 that ,i have consented to this result from no distrust of them2 but1 feeling that valor and devotion could accomplish nothing that would compensate for the loss that would have attended the continuation of the contest1 ,i have determined to avoid the useless sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to their countrymen4 ,by the terms of the agreement1 officers and men can return to their homes1 and remain there until exchanged4 ,you will take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty faithfully performed2 and ,i earnestly pray that a merciful ,god will extend to you his blessing and protection4 ,with an unceasing admiration of your constancy and devotion to your country1 and a grateful remembrance of your kind and generous consideration of myself1 ,i bid you an affectionate farewell4 ,illustration3 ,washington and ,lee ,university1 ,lexington1 ,va4 ,,letter ,,accepting ,,the ,,presidency ,,of ,,washington ,,college4 ,,powhatan ,,county1 ,august #bd1 #ahfe4 ,,gentlemen3--,i have delayed for some days replying to your letter of the #eth instant informing me of my election1 by the board of ,trustees1 to the ,presidency of ,washington ,college1 from a desire to give the subject due consideration4 ,fully impressed with the responsibilities of the office1 ,i have feared that ,i should be unable to discharge its duties to the satisfaction of the ,trustees1 or to the benefit of the country4 ,the proper education of youth requires not only great ability1 but1 ,i fear1 more strength than ,i now possess2 for ,i do not feel able to undergo the labor of conducting classes in regular courses of instruction4 ,i could not1 therefore1 undertake more than the general administration and supervision of the institution4 ,there is another subject which has caused me serious reflection1 and is1 ,i think1 worthy of the consideration of the ,board4 ,being excluded from the terms of amnesty in the proclamation of the ,united ,states of the #bith of ,may last1 and an object of censure to a portion of the country1 ,i have thought it probable that my occupation of the position of president might draw upon the college a feeling of hostility1 and ,i should therefore cause injury to an institution which it would be my highest object to advance4 ,i think it the duty of every citizen1 in the present condition of the country1 to do all in his power to aid in the restoration of peace and harmony1 and in no way to oppose the policy of the ,state or general ,government directed to that object4 ,it is particularly incumbent on those charged with the instruction of the young to set them an example of submission to authority1 and ,i could not consent to be the cause of animadversion upon the college4 ,should you1 however1 take a different view1 and think that my services1 in the position tendered me by the ,board1 will be advantageous to the college and the country1 ,i will yield to your judgment and accept it2 otherwise ,i must most respectfully decline the offer4 ,begging you to express to the ,trustees of the college my heartfelt gratitude for the honor conferred upon me1 and requesting you to accept my cordial thanks for the kind manner in which you have communicated its decision1 ,i am1 gentlemen1 your most obedient servant1 ,r4 ,e4 ,,lee4 ,,jefferson ,,davis4 #ahjhahhi4 ,,jefferson ,,davis1 ,president of the ,confederate ,states1 was born in ,todd ,county1 ,kentucky1 but his father removed to ,mississippi soon afterwards1 and he was reared and partly educated in that state4 ,later he attended ,transylvania ,university in ,kentucky1 and in #ahbd entered ,west ,point4 ,he was graduated in #ahbh and served seven years in the army1 being stationed in ,missouri and ,minnesota4 ,on account of ill-health he resigned in #ahce and travelled1 and then settled on his ,mississippi plantation1 ,brierfield4 ,he was elected to ,congress in #ahde2 served in the ,mexican ,war with great distinction and was injured in eye and limb at the battle of ,buena ,vista4 ,he was ,secretary of ,war in ,president ,pierce's cabinet1 and was a ,senator when ,mississippi seceded from the ,union4 ,he made his farewell to the ,senate in ,january1 #ahfa1 and returned home where he was at once appointed commander of the ,state troops4 ,but he had been elected president of the new ,confederacy by the ,convention at ,montgomery1 and he was inaugurated1 ,february #ah1 #ahfa4 ,on the change of the capital from ,montgomery to ,richmond1 he removed to the latter city and remained there until the war was ended4 ,he was imprisoned for two years at ,fort ,monroe1 to be tried as a traitor to the ,united ,states4 ,being finally released on bail1 he went for his health to ,england and ,canada2 and then he resided in ,memphis and at ,beauvoir1 ,mississippi1 which latter place was his home when he died4 ,this home1 ,beauvoir1 he had arranged to purchase from ,mrs4 ,dorsey1 who was a kind and devoted friend to his family and had assisted him in his writing2 but on her death in #ahgi1 it was found that she had left a will bequeathing it to him and to his daughter ,varina ,anne4 ,he1 like ,lee1 had always declined the many offers of homes and incomes made by their devoted and admiring friends4 ,on him1 as ,president of the ,confederacy1 seems to have fallen in some sense the whole odium of the failure of that cause2 and this passage from ,winnie ,davis' ,an ,irish ,knight has a touching application to his case3 ,thus died ,ireland's true knight1 sinking into the grave clothed in all the bright promise of his youth2 never to put on the sad livery of age2 never to feel the hopelessness of those who live to see the principles for which they suffered trampled and forgotten by the onward march of new interests and new men4 ,perhaps ,freedom like some deity of ancient ,greece1 loved him too well to let the slurs and contumely of outrageous fortune dim the bright lustre of his virgin fame4 ,he is enshrined in the hearts of thousands4 ,his daughter1 ,varina ,anne1 or ,winnie1 the ,child of the ,confederacy1 as she is lovingly called1 is a writer of some ability4 ,she was educated in ,europe1 and has written ,an ,irish ,knight story of ,robert ,emmet1 and articles for magazines4 ,mrs4 ,jefferson ,davis' ,life of ,mr4 ,davis is a work of rare excellence and interest4 ,see also ,davis ,memorial ,volume1 by ,j4 ,wm4 ,jones4 ,,works4 ,rise and ,fall of the ,confederacy4 ,autobiography1 unfinished2 it is included in ,mrs4 ,davis' book4 ,mr4 ,davis' writings have a force and dignity of style that accord well with his character4 ,his orations and addresses are marked by classical purity1 chaste elegance of expression1 a certain nobleness of diction1 and a just proportion of sentence to idea4--,john ,p4 ,mc,guire4 ,,trip ,,to ,,kentucky ,,at ,,seven ,,years ,,of ,,age1 ,,and ,,visit ,,to ,,general ,,jackson4 7,from ,autobiography in ,mrs4 ,davis' ,life of ,davis4#af7 ,my first tuition was in the usual log-cabin school-house2 though in the summer when ,i was seven years old1 ,i was sent on horseback through what was then called ,the ,wilderness--by the country of the ,choctaw and ,chickasaw nations--to ,kentucky1 and was placed in a ,catholic institution then known as ,st4 ,thomas1 in ,washington county1 near the town of ,springfield4 4 4 4 ,when we reached ,nashville we went to the ,hermitage4 ,major ,hinds wished to visit his friend and companion-in-arms1 ,general ,jackson4 ,the whole party was so kindly received that we remained there for several weeks4 ,during that period ,i had the opportunity a boy has to observe a great man--a stand-point of no small advantage--and ,i have always remembered with warm affection the kind and tender wife who then presided over his house4 ,general ,jackson's house at that time was a roomy log-house4 ,in front of it was a grove of fine forest trees1 and behind it were his cotton and grain fields4 ,i have never forgotten the unaffected and well-bred courtesy which caused him to be remarked by court-trained diplomats1 when ,president of the ,united ,states1 by reason of his very impressive bearing and manner4 ,notwithstanding the many reports that have been made of his profanity1 ,i remember that he always said grace at his table1 and ,i never heard him utter an oath4 ,in the same connection1 although he encouraged his adopted son1 ,a4 ,jackson1 ,jr41 ,howell ,hinds1 and myself in all contests of activity1 pony-riding included1 he would not allow us to wrestle2 for1 he said1 to allow hands to be put on one another might lead to a fight4 ,he was always very gentle and considerate4 4 4 4 ,our stay with ,general ,jackson was enlivened by the visits of his neighbors1 and we left the ,hermitage with great regret and pursued our journey4 ,in me he inspired reverence and affection that has remained with me through my whole life4 ,,life ,,of ,,the ,,president ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states4 ,those who have intimately known the official and personal life of our ,presidents cannot fail to remember how few have left the office as happy men as when they entered it1 how darkly the shadows gathered around the setting sun1 and how eagerly the multitude would turn to gaze upon another orb just rising to take its place in the political firmament4 ,illustration3 ,beauvoir4 ,worn by incessant fatigue1 broken in fortune1 debarred by public opinion1 prejudice1 or tradition1 from future employment1 the wisest and best who have filled that office have retired to private life1 to remember rather the failure of their hopes than the success of their efforts4 ,he must1 indeed1 be a self-confident man who could hope to fill the chair of ,washington with satisfaction to himself1 with assurance of receiving on his retirement the meed awarded by the people to that great man1 that he had done enough for life and for glory1 or even feeling that the sacrifice of self had been compensated by the service rendered to his country4 ,,farewell ,,to ,,the ,,senate1 #ahfa1 ,,on ,,the ,,occasion ,,of ,,the ,,secession ,,of ,,mississippi ,,from ,,the ,,union4 ,i rise1 ,mr4 ,president1 for the purpose of announcing to the ,senate that ,i have satisfactory evidence that the state of ,mississippi1 by a solemn ordinance of her people1 in convention assembled1 has declared her separation from the ,united ,states4 ,under these circumstances1 of course1 my functions are terminated here4 ,it has seemed to me proper1 however1 that ,i should appear in the ,senate to announce that fact to my associates1 and ,i will say but very little more4 ,the occasion does not invite me to go into argument1 and my physical condition would not permit me to do so1 if it were otherwise2 and yet it seems to become me to say something on the part of the ,state ,i here represent on an occasion so solemn as this4 ,it is known to ,senators who have served with me here that ,i have for many years advocated1 as an essential attribute of ,state sovereignty1 the right of a ,state to secede from the ,union4 ,therefore1 if ,i had not believed there was justifiable cause1 if ,i had thought that ,mississippi was acting without sufficient provocation1 or without an existing necessity1 ,i should still1 under my theory of the government1 because of my allegiance to the ,state of which ,i am a citizen1 have been bound by her action4 ,i1 however1 may be permitted to say that ,i do think she has justifiable cause1 and ,i approve of her act4 ,i conferred with her people before that act was taken1 counselled them then that1 if the state of things which they apprehended should exist when their convention met1 they should take the action which they have now adopted4 ,i hope none who hear me will confound this expression of mine with the advocacy of the right of a ,state to remain in the ,union1 and to disregard its constitutional obligations by the nullification of the law4 ,such is not my theory4 ,nullification and ,secession1 so often confounded1 are1 indeed1 antagonistic principles4 ,nullification is a remedy which it is sought to apply within the ,union1 and against the agent of the ,states4 ,it is only to be justified when the agent has violated his constitutional obligations1 and a ,state1 assuming to judge for itself1 denies the right of the agent thus to act1 and appeals to the other ,states of the ,union for a decision2 but when the ,states themselves1 and the people of the ,states have so acted as to convince us that they will not regard our constitutional rights1 then1 and then for the first time1 arises the doctrine of secession in its practical application4 ,a great man1 who now reposes with his fathers1 and who has often been arraigned for a want of fealty to the ,union1 advocated the doctrine of nullification because it preserved the ,union4 ,it was because of his deep-seated attachment to the ,union--his determination to find some remedy for existing ills short of a severance of the ties which bound ,south ,carolina to the other ,states--that ,mr4 ,calhoun advocated the doctrine of nullification1 which he proclaimed to be peaceful1 to be within the limits of ,state power1 not to disturb the ,union1 but only to be the means of bringing the agent before the tribunal of the ,states for their judgment4 ,secession belongs to a different class of remedies4 ,it is to be justified upon the basis that the ,states are sovereign4 ,there was a time when none denied it4 ,i hope the time may come again when a better comprehension of the theory of our ,government1 and the inalienable rights of the people of the ,states1 will prevent any one from denying that each ,state is a sovereign1 and thus may reclaim the grants which it has made to any agent whomsoever4 4 4 ,in the course of my service here1 associated at different times with a great variety of ,senators1 ,i see now around me some with whom ,i have served long2 there have been points of collision1 but1 whatever of offence there has been to me1 ,i leave here4 ,i carry with me no hostile remembrance4 ,whatever offence ,i have given which has not been redressed1 or for which satisfaction has not been demanded1 ,i have1 ,senators1 in this hour of our parting1 to offer you my apology for any pain which1 in the heat of the discussion1 ,i have inflicted4 ,i go hence unencumbered by the remembrance of any injury received1 and having discharged the duty of making the only reparation in my power for any injury offered4 ,mr4 ,president and ,senators1 having made the announcement which the occasion seemed to me to require1 it only remains for me to bid you a final adieu4 ,,footnote3 #af ,by ,permission of ,mrs4 ,davis4 ,,edgar ,,allan ,,poe4 #ahjiahdi4 ,,edgar ,,allan ,,poe was born in ,boston while his parents were filling a theatrical engagement there4 ,his father's family was of ,baltimore1 his grandfather being ,gen4 ,david ,poe of the ,revolutionary ,war1 and his father1 also named ,david ,poe1 having been born and reared in that city4 ,his mother1 whose maiden name was ,elizabeth ,arnold1 was an ,english actress of fascinating beauty and manners4 ,left an orphan in #ahaa1 ,edgar was adopted by ,mr4 ,john ,allan1 a wealthy merchant of ,richmond1 and was educated at private schools and the ,university of ,virginia1 and in #ahcj he entered ,west ,point4 ,but he got himself dismissed the next year and devoted himself thereafter to a literary life4 ,mr4 ,allan declining to aid him further1 he had a wretched struggle for existence4 ,he seems to have gone to ,baltimore and made acquaintance with some of his relatives2 and there he won a prize of #ajj by a story1 ,,ms4 ,found in a ,bottle1 and was kindly helped by ,john ,pendleton ,kennedy4 ,he became editor of the ,southern ,literary ,messenger1 in ,richmond1 and was afterward engaged on various other magazines1 writing stories1 poems1 book-reviews1 and paragraphs1 in untiring abundance4 ,he married his cousin1 ,virginia ,clemm1 in #ahcf1 and their life together was in itself ideally happy1 like the life in the ,valley of the ,many-,coloured ,grass2 and ,mrs4 ,clemm1 his aunt and mother-in-law1 was the good genius who watched over her two strange children with an unwearying devotion1 deserving the tribute of the love and gratitude embalmed in his sonnet called ,mother4 ,his engagement with any one magazine rarely lasted long1 and there is much diversity of opinion as to the cause2 some ascribing it to ,poe's dissipated1 irregular habits and irritable temper1 others to the meagre support of the magazines1 still others to ,poe's restless disposition and desire to establish a periodical of his own4 ,his uncontrolled and high-strung nature1 so sensitive that a single glass of wine or swallow of opium caused temporary insanity1 the uncertainty of his means of subsistence1 his wife's frail health and her death in #ahdg1 were causes sufficient to render unsteady even a more solid character than ,poe seems to have possessed4 ,his writings produced a great sensation4 ,when ,the ,raven was published in #ahde1 a friend said of its effect in ,new ,york1 ,everybody has been raven-mad about his last poem4 ,mrs4 ,browning wrote that an acquaintance of hers who had a bust of ,pallas could not bear to look at it4 ,his fame is as great1 or perhaps greater in ,europe than in ,america1 especially in ,france2 and his works have been translated into ,french1 ,german1 ,italian1 ,spanish1 and ,russian4 ,he died in ,baltimore from causes never certainly known1 his last almost unconscious days being spent in a hospital2 his dying words were1 ,lord1 help my poor soul4 ,he is buried in ,westminster churchyard1 and in #ahge a monument was erected over his grave by the teachers of ,baltimore1 generously aided by ,mr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,childs of ,philadelphia4 ,a memorial to him has been placed in the ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york1 by the actors of the ,united ,states4 ,no poet has been the subject of more conflicting opinions as to his life1 habits1 character1 and genius1 than ,poe4 ,the best lives of him are those by ,john ,h4 ,ingram1 an ,englishman1 and ,george ,e4 ,woodberry in the ,american ,men of ,letters ,series4 ,,works4 ,poems4 ,tales of the ,grotesque and ,arabesque4 ,literati of ,new ,york4 ,conchologist's ,first ,book 7condensed from ,wyatt74 ,narrative of ,arthur ,gordon ,pym4 ,raven and other ,poems4 ,eureka1 a ,prose ,poem4 ,gold ,bug1 ,balloon ,hoax1 c4 ,all his best known stories are highly artistic in finish1 powerful in theme1 and often of such a nature as to make one shudder and avoid them4 ,israfel is considered one of his most beautiful poems1 and if his self-consciousness could have allowed him to omit the last stanza1 it would have been without a flaw4 ,,to ,,helen4 ,helen1 thy beauty is to me ,like those ,nicean barks of yore1 ,that1 gently1 o'er a perfumed sea1 ,the weary1 way-worn wanderer bore ,to his own native shore4 ,on desperate seas long wont to roam1 ,thy hyacinth hair1 thy classic face1 ,thy ,naiad airs have brought me home ,to the glory that was ,greece ,and the grandeur that was ,rome4 ,lo6 in yon brilliant window-niche ,how statue-like ,i see thee stand6 ,the agate lamp within thy hand1 ,ah6 ,psyche1 from the regions which ,are ,holy ,land6 ,,israfel4 ,and the angel ,israfel1 whose heart-strings are a lute1 and who has the sweetest voice of all ,god's creatures4--,koran4 ,in ,heaven a spirit doth dwell ,whose heart-strings are a lute2 ,none sing so wildly well ,as the angel ,israfel1 ,and the giddy stars 7so legends tell7 ,ceasing their hymns1 attend the spell ,of his voice1 all mute4 ,tottering above ,in her highest noon1 ,the enamored moon ,blushes with love1 ,while1 to listen1 the red levin 7,with the rapid ,pleiades1 even1 ,which were seven7 ,pauses in ,heaven4 ,and they say 7the starry choir ,and the other listening things7 ,that ,israfeli's fire ,is owing to that lyre ,by which he sits and sings-- ,the trembling living wire ,of those unusual strings4 ,but the skies that angel trod1 ,where deep thoughts are a duty-- ,where ,love's a grown-up ,god-- ,where the ,houri glances are ,imbued with all the beauty ,which we worship in a star4 ,therefore1 thou art not wrong1 ,israfeli1 who despisest ,an unimpassioned song2 ,to thee the laurels belong1 ,best bard1 because the wisest6 ,merrily live1 and long6 ,the ecstasies above ,with thy burning measures suit-- ,thy grief1 thy joy1 thy hate1 thy love1 ,with the fervor of thy lute-- ,well may the stars be mute6 ,yes1 heaven is thine2 but this ,is a world of sweets and sours2 ,our flowers are merely--flowers1 ,and the shadow of thy perfect bliss ,is the sunshine of ours4 ,if ,i could dwell ,where ,israfel ,hath dwelt1 and he where ,i1 ,he might not sing so wildly well ,a mortal melody1 ,while a bolder note than this might swell ,from my lyre within the sky4 ,,happiness4 ,the four elementary conditions of happiness are1 life in the open air1 the love of a woman1 forgetfulness of all ambition1 and the creation of a new ideal of beauty4--,from ,domain of ,arnheim4 ,,the ,,raven4 ,once upon a midnight dreary1 while ,i pondered1 weak and weary1 ,over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore1 ,while ,i nodded1 nearly napping1 suddenly there came a tapping1 ,as of some one gently rapping1 rapping at my chamber door4 ',tis some visitor1 ,i muttered1 tapping at my chamber door-- ,only this1 and nothing more4 ,ah1 distinctly ,i remember it was in the bleak ,december1 ,and each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor4 ,eagerly ,i wished the morrow2--vainly ,i had sought to borrow ,from my books surcease of sorrow--sorrow for the lost ,lenore-- ,for the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name ,lenore-- ,nameless here for evermore4 ,and the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain ,thrilled me--filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before2 ,so that now1 to still the beating of my heart1 ,i stood repeating ',tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door-- ,some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door1-- ,this it is1 and nothing more4 ,presently my soul grew stronger2 hesitating then no longer1 ,sir1 said ,i1 or ,madam1 truly your forgiveness ,i implore2 ,but the fact is ,i was napping1 and so gently you came rapping1 ,and so faintly you came tapping1 tapping at my chamber door1 ,that ,i scarce was sure ,i heard you--here ,i opened wide the door2 ,darkness there1 and nothing more4 ,deep into that darkness peering1 long ,i stood there1 wondering1 fearing1 ,doubting1 dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before2 ,but the silence was unbroken1 and the darkness gave no token1 ,and the only word there spoken was the whispered word1 ,lenore4 ,this ,i whispered1 and an echo murmured back the word1 ,lenore6 ,merely this1 and nothing more4 ,back into the chamber turning1 all my soul within me burning1 ,soon again ,i heard a tapping somewhat louder than before4 ,surely1 said ,i1 surely that is something at my window lattice2 ,let me see1 then1 what thereat is1 and this mystery explore-- ,let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore2-- ',tis the wind and nothing more6 ,open here ,i flung the shutter1 when1 with many a flirt and flutter1 ,in there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore2 ,not the least obeisance made he2 not a minute stopped or stayed he2 ,but1 with mien of lord or lady1 perched above my chamber door-- ,perched upon a bust of ,pallas just above my chamber door-- ,perched1 and sat1 and nothing more4 ,then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling1 ,by the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore1 ,though thy crest be shorn and shaven1 thou1 ,i said1 art sure no craven1 ,ghastly grim and ancient raven wandering from the ,nightly shore1 ,tell me what thy lordly name is on the ,night's ,plutonian shore6 ,quoth the raven1 ,nevermore4 ,much ,i marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly1 ,though its answer little meaning--little relevancy bore2 ,for we cannot help agreeing that no living human being ,ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door-- ,bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door1 ,with such name as ,nevermore4 ,but the ,raven1 sitting lonely on the placid bust1 spoke only ,that one word1 as if his soul in that one word he did outpour4 ,nothing further then he uttered--not a feather then he fluttered-- ,till ,i scarcely more than muttered1 ,other friends have flown before4 ,on the morrow he will leave me1 as my hopes have flown before4 ,then the bird said1 ,nevermore4 ,startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken1 ,doubtless1 said ,i1 what it utters is its only stock and store ,caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful ,disaster ,followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden bore ,till the dirges of his ,hope that melancholy burden bore ,of ',never--nevermore4' ,but the raven still beguiling all my sad soul into smiling1 ,straight ,i wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird and bust and door2 ,then1 upon the velvet sinking1 ,i betook myself to linking ,fancy unto fancy1 thinking what this ominous bird of yore-- ,what this grim1 ungainly1 ghastly1 gaunt1 and ominous bird of yore ,meant in croaking ,nevermore4 ,this ,i sat engaged in guessing1 but no syllable expressing ,to the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core2 ,this and more ,i sat divining1 with my head at ease reclining ,on the cushion's velvet lining that the lamplight gloated o'er1 ,but whose velvet violet lining with the lamplight gloating o'er1 ,she shall press1 ah1 nevermore6 ,then1 methought1 the air grew denser1 perfumed from an unseen censer ,swung by seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor4 ,wretch1 ,i cried1 thy ,god hath lent thee--by these angels he hath sent thee ,respite--respite and nepenthe from thy memories of ,lenore6 ,quaff1 oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost ,lenore6 ,quoth the raven1 ,nevermore4 ,prophet6 said ,i1 thing of evil6--prophet still1 if bird or devil6-- ,whether ,tempter sent1 or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore1 ,desolate1 yet all undaunted1 on this desert land enchanted-- ,on this home by ,horror haunted--tell me truly1 ,i implore-- ,is there--is there balm in ,gilead8--tell me--tell me1 ,i implore6 ,quoth the raven1 ,nevermore4 ,prophet6 said ,i1 thing of evil6--prophet still1 if bird or devil6 ,by that ,heaven that bends above us1 by that ,god we both adore1 ,tell this soul with sorrow laden1 if1 within the distant ,aidenn1 ,it shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name ,lenore-- ,clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name ,lenore4 ,quoth the raven1 ,nevermore4 ,be that word our sign of parting1 bird or fiend6 ,i shrieked1 upstarting-- ,get thee back into the tempest and the ,night's ,plutonian shore6 ,leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken6 ,leave my loneliness unbroken6--quit the bust above my door6 ,take thy beak from out my heart1 and take thy form from off my door6 ,quoth the raven1 ,nevermore4 ,and the raven1 never flitting1 still is sitting1 still is sitting ,on the pallid bust of ,pallas just above my chamber door2 ,and his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming1 ,and the lamplight o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor1 ,and my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor ,shall be lifted--nevermore6 ,,robert ,,toombs4 #ahajahhe4 ,illustration3 ,robert ,toombs4 ,,robert ,,toombs was born at ,washington1 ,georgia1 and studied at the ,university of ,georgia1 then under the presidency of the famous ,dr4 ,moses ,waddell2 he afterwards attended ,union ,college1 ,schenectady1 ,n4 ,y41 and studied law at the ,university of ,virginia4 ,he settled in his native town for legal practice and was so successful as to amass a fortune within a few years4 ,he served in the ,state ,legislature and in #ahde was elected to ,congress4 ,in #ahfa1 being a member of the ,united ,states ,senate1 he took leave of it in order to join his ,state in secession4 ,he was appointed to the ,confederate ,cabinet1 but soon resigned and became a general in the field4 ,after the war he was ordered to be captured and held for trial as a traitor with ,jefferson ,davis and ,alexander ,h4 ,stephens2 but he was never taken4 ,he escaped after much difficulty and many adventures1 and went to ,cuba and to ,france3 but he returned in #ahfg to ,georgia and resumed the practice of law4 ,he was notoriously the ,big ,rebel1 even after the war1 and refused to take the oath of allegiance3 when asked by a ,northern friend why he had never sued for pardon1 he said1 ,pardon for what8 ,i have not pardoned you all yet4 ,later in life he said that he regretted not having re-instated himself in citizenship and taken part in public affairs4 ,see his ,life1 by ,p4 ,a4 ,stovall1 and by ,c4 ,c4 ,jones1 ,jr4 ,,works4 ,speeches4 ,mr4 ,toombs' speeches in ,congress are said to have been fiery1 powerful1 and dogmatic4 ,as a lawyer1 ,chief-,justice ,jackson thus characterizes his style3 ,concentrated fire was always his policy4 ,a single sentence would win his case4 ,a big thought1 compressed into small compass1 was fatal to his foe4 ,it is the clear insight of a great mind only that shapes out truth in words few and simple4 ,brevity is power1 wherever thought is strong4 ,there is a regular mythology about ,toombs at his ,state ,university4 ,the things he said would fill a volume of ,sydney ,smith1 while the pranks he played would rival the record of ,robin ,hood4--,stovall's ,life of ,toombs4 ,,farewell ,,to ,,the ,,senate1 #ahfa4 7,from ,stovall's ,life of ,toombs4#ag7 ,senators1 my countrymen have demanded no new government4 ,they have demanded no new constitution4 ,the discontented ,states have demanded nothing but clear1 distinct1 constitutional rights1 rights older than the ,constitution4 ,what do these rebels demand8 ,first1 that the people of the ,united ,states shall have an equal right to emigrate and settle in the ,territories with whatever property 7including slaves7 they possess4 ,second1 that property in slaves shall be entitled to the same protection from the government as any other property 7leaving the ,state the right to prohibit1 protect1 or abolish slavery within its limits74 ,third1 that persons committing crimes against slave property in one ,state and flying to another shall be given up4 ,fourth1 that fugitive slaves shall be surrendered4 ,fifth1 that ,congress shall pass laws for the punishment of all persons who shall aid and abet invasion and insurrection in any other ,state4 4 4 4 4 4 ,you will not regard confederate obligations2 you will not regard constitutional obligations2 you will not regard your oaths4 ,what1 then1 am ,i to do8 ,am ,i a freeman8 ,is my ,state a free ,state8 ,we are freemen2 we have rights2 ,i have stated them4 ,we have wrongs2 ,i have recounted them4 ,i have demonstrated that the party now coming into power has declared us outlaws1 and is determined to exclude thousands of millions of our property from the common territory2 that it has declared us under the ban of the ,union1 and out of the protection of the laws of the ,united ,states everywhere4 ,they have refused to protect us from invasion and insurrection by the ,federal power1 and the ,constitution denies to us1 in the ,union1 the right to raise fleets and armies for our own defence4 ,all these charges ,i have proven by the record2 and ,i put them before the civilized world and demand the judgment of to-day1 of to-morrow1 of distant ages1 and of ,heaven itself1 upon the justice of these causes4 ,i am content1 whatever it be1 to peril all in so holy a cause4 ,we have appealed1 time and again1 for these constitutional rights4 ,you have refused them4 ,we appeal again4 ,restore us those rights as we had them2 as your ,court adjudges them to be2 just as our people have said they are4 ,redress these flagrant wrongs--seen of all men--and it will restore fraternity1 and unity1 and peace to us all4 ,refuse them1 and what then8 ,we shall then ask you1 ,let us depart in peace4#ah ,refuse that1 and you present us war4 ,we accept it1 and1 inscribing upon our banners the glorious words1 ,liberty and ,equality1 we will trust to the blood of the brave and the ,god of battles for security and tranquility4 ,,footnotes3 #ag ,by permission of the ,cassell ,publishing ,company1 ,n4 ,y4 #ah ,all we ask is to be let alone--,jefferson ,davis4 ,,octavia ,,walton ,,le ,,vert4 #ahajahgg4 ,,madame ,,le ,,vert1 as she is usually styled1 was born at ,bellevue near ,augusta1 ,georgia1 and was reared in ,pensacola1 ,florida4 ,she was a granddaughter of ,george ,walton1 signer of the ,declaration of ,independence1 and daughter of ,george ,walton1 governor of ,florida4 ,she learned languages easily and conversed well in ,french1 ,spanish1 and ,italian4 ,la,fayette said of her3 ,a truly wonderful child6 ,she has been conversing with intelligence and tact in the purest ,french4 ,i predict for her a brilliant career4 ,she gave the name to the capital of ,florida1 ,tallahassee1 a ,seminole word meaning beautiful land4 ,she spent several seasons in ,washington2 and she wrote such excellent accounts of the speeches in ,congress1 that ,calhoun1 ,webster1 and ,clay frequently asked her to read to them their own speeches from her portfolio4 ,in #ahcf she was married to ,dr4 ,henry ,s4 ,le ,vert of ,mobile and removed to that city4 ,she travelled in ,europe in #ahec and #ahee1 and her delightful journal and letters home were afterwards arranged and published as ,souvenirs of ,travel4 ,their spirit and style make them charming yet1 and they are valuable as pictures of the times4 ,her memory is still fragrant as a most gracious and lovely woman1 a brilliant conversationalist1 and a queen of society4 ,it is said of her that her tongue never wounded and that she never had an enemy4 ,,works4 ,souvenirs of ,travel4 ,souvenirs of the ,war1 unpublished4 ,souvenirs of ,distinguished ,people1 unpublished4 ,,to ,,cadiz ,,from ,,havanna1 #ahee4 7,from ,souvenirs of ,travel47 ,o lovely ,spain6 renowned1 romantic land6 ,our last day on board1 the good ,dominga 7our waiting-woman7 awakened us long before the dawn1 saying1 ,come1 ,seora1 go with me on deck and see the day arise4 ,we did so and were charmed with the beautiful scene4 ,at first the sky was deeply1 darkly blue1 and the stars were gleaming with a brightness never seen in more northern regions4 ,slowly a gauzy veil seemed wafting over them1 and along the east sprang up1 as it were1 banners of purple and rose-color1 and the intense azure of the heavens melted into a soft gray hue4 ,soon streaks of golden light flashed through it1 and the glorious sun came forth1 converting the mirror-like ocean into a sea of radiance1 burnished and glittering like myriads of gems4 ,and this was morning upon the ,atlantic6 ,at mid-day there was a cry of tierra6 tierra6 7land6 land67 which sent a thrill of joy to many hearts4 ,we had seen none1 except the island of ,santa ,maria 7one of the ,azores1 near which we passed71 since we left the ,antilles4 ,we ran on deck1 and in a few moments ,fair ,cadiz1 rising from the dark blue sea1 was revealed to our longing eyes4 ,like a great white dove1 with out-spread wings1 resting upon the calm waters1 appeared the distant city4 ,ah6 long shall ,i remember the delight of that first look upon lovely ,cadiz6 ,the day was exquisite2 the air fresh and balmy1 and the sea like a smooth inland lake4 ,gentle spirits seemed hovering around to welcome us1 while a warm glowing pleasure filled our hearts4 ,nearer and nearer we approached1 domes1 spires1 and turrets gradually rising to view1 until the entire outline of the city1 with its snow-white houses and green alamedas1 was before us4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,cadiz is a very ancient city4 ,it was founded by the ,phoenicians1 hundreds of years before the building of ,rome4 ,upon the coat-of-arms of the city is the figure of ,hercules1 by whom the inhabitants say it was built4 ,then came the dominion of the ,moors1 and afterwards the ,spaniards4 ,when ,america was discovered1 a golden prosperity beamed upon ,cadiz1 which was lost as soon as the ,spanish ,possessions in the ,new ,world proclaimed themselves free4 ,it is strictly a commercial place1 and has now only a population of sixty thousand4 ,the city is upon a rocky point of land1 joined to the peninsula by a narrow isthmus4 ,the sea surrounds it on three sides1 beating against the walls1 and often throwing the spray over the ramparts4 ,on the fourth side it is protected by a strong wall and bridges over the wide ditch4 ,at night1 they are drawn up1 thus isolating the town completely4 4 4 4 4 4 ,leaving the bay1 we plunged into the long rolling billows of the ,atlantic1 and bade ,adieu6 fair ,cadiz1 a long adieu6 then turning the cape1 upon which was once the ,phoenician light-house called the ,rock of the ,sun1 we came to ,st4 ,lucar4 ,there ,magellan fitted out the fleet which first circumnavigated the globe4 4 4 4 ,we passed the mouth of the ,rio ,tinto1 upon which stands the convent ,la ,rabida1 where ,columbus1 an outcast and wanderer1 received charity from the kind prior1 who interceded with ,isabella and thus forwarded the plans of the great discoverer4 ,,louisa ,,susannah ,m',,cord4 #ahajahhj4 ,,mrs4 ,m',,cord1 daughter of the distinguished statesman1 ,langdon ,cheves pron'd ,cheeves1 in one syllable1 was born at ,columbia1 ,south ,carolina4 ,she was educated in ,philadelphia2 and in #ahdj she was married to ,david ,james ,m',cord1 a prominent lawyer of ,columbia1 at one time law-partner of ,wm4 ,c4 ,preston4 ,they spent much of their time at their plantation1 ,langsyne1 near ,fort ,motte on the ,congaree4 ,she was a woman of strong character and of commanding intellect as her writings show4 ,speaking of her home life1 a contemporary says1 ,mrs4 ,m',cord herself illustrates her views of female life by her own daily example4 ,she conducts the hospital on her own large plantation1 attends to the personal wants of the negroes1 and on one occasion perfectly set a fracture of a broken arm4 ,thoroughly accomplished in the modern languages of ,europe1 she employs her leisure in the education of her children4 ,see under ,wm4 ,c4 ,preston4 ,,works4 ,caius ,gracchus3 a ,tragedy4 ,sophisms of the ,protective ,policy1 from the ,french4 ,my ,dreams1 poems4 ,articles in ,magazines4 ,,woman',s ,,duty4 7,from ,enfranchisement of ,woman1 in ,southern ,quarterly ,review1 ,april1 #aheb47 ,in every error there is its shadow of truth4 ,error is but truth turned awry1 or looked at through a wrong medium4 ,as the straightest rod will1 in appearance1 curve when one half of it is placed under water1 so ,god's truths1 leaning down to earth1 are often distorted to our view4 ,woman's condition certainly admits of improvement1 7but when have the strong forgotten to oppress the weak87 4 4 4 ,here1 as in all other improvements1 the good must be brought about by working with1 not against--by seconding1 not opposing--,nature's laws4 ,woman1 seeking as a woman1 may raise her position1--seeking as a man1 we repeat1 she but degrades it4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,each can labour1 each can strive1 lovingly and earnestly1 in her own sphere4 ,life is real6 ,life is earnest6 ,not less for her than for man4 ,she has no right to bury her talent beneath silks or ribands1 frippery or flowers2 nor yet has she the right1 because she fancies not her task1 to grasp at another's1 which is1 or which she imagines is1 easier4 ,this is baby play4 ,life is real6 ,life is earnest6 ,let woman so read it--let woman so learn it--and she has no need to make her influence felt by a stump speech1 or a vote at the polls2 she has no need for the exercise of her intellect 7and woman1 we grant1 may have a great1 a longing1 a hungering intellect1 equal to man's7 to be gratified with a seat in ,congress1 or a scuffle for the ambiguous honour of the ,presidency4 ,even at her own fire-side1 may she find duties enough1 cares enough1 troubles enough1 thought enough1 wisdom enough1 to fit a martyr for the stake1 a philosopher for life1 or a saint for heaven4 ,there are1 there have been1 and there will be1 in every age1 great hero-souls in woman's form1 as well as man's4 ,it imports little whether history notes them4 ,the hero-soul aims at its certain duty1 heroically meeting it1 whether glory or shame1 worship or contumely1 follow its accomplishment4 ,laud and merit is due to such performance4 ,fulfill thy destiny2 oppose it not4 ,herein lies thy track4 ,keep it4 ,nature's sign-posts are within thee1 and it were well for thee to learn to read them4 4 4 4 4 ,many women--even1 we grant1 the majority of women--throw themselves away upon follies4 ,so1 however1 do men2 and this1 perhaps1 as a necessary consequence1 for woman is the mother of the man4 ,woman has allowed herself to be1 alternately1 made the toy and the slave of man2 but this rather through her folly than her nature4 ,not wholly her folly1 either4 ,her folly and man's folly have made the vices and the punishment of both4 ,woman has certainly not her true place1 and this place she as certainly should seek to gain4 ,we have said that every error has its shadow of truth1 and1 so far1 the ,woman's ,rights conventionists are right4 ,but1 alas6 how wide astray are they groping from their goal6 ,woman has not her true place1 because she--because man--has not yet learned the full extent and importance of her mission4 ,these innovators would seek to restore1 by driving her entirely from that mission2 as though some unlucky pedestrian1 shoved from the security of the side-walk1 should in his consternation seek to remedy matters1 by rushing into the thickest thoroughfare of hoofs and wheels4 ,woman will reach the greatest height of which she is capable--the greatest1 perhaps1 of which humanity is capable--not by becoming man1 but by becoming1 more than ever1 woman4 ,by perfecting herself1 she perfects mankind4 ,,joseph ,g4 ,,baldwin4 ca4 #ahaaahfd4 ,,joseph ,g4 ,,baldwin was born in ,virginia but early removed to ,sumter ,county1 ,alabama1 and was a jurist and writer of much influence and popularity in that ,state4 ,he removed later to ,california1 where in #aheg he became judge of the ,supreme ,court and in #ahfc ,chief-,justice of the ,state4 ,his writings are mainly clever and humorous sketches of the bar and of the communities in which he practised4 ,he said the flush times of ,alabama did not compare in any degree with those of ,california which he described in an article to the ,southern ,literary ,messenger4 ,his ,party ,leaders are able papers on ,jefferson1 ,hamilton1 ,jackson1 ,clay1 and ,john ,randolph4 ,,works4 ,flush ,times in ,alabama and ,mississippi4 ,party ,leaders4 ,humorous ,legal ,sketches4 ,,virginians ,,in ,a ,,new ,,country4 7,from ,flush ,times in ,alabama and ,mississippi1 published in ,southern ,literary ,messenger47 ,the disposition to be proud and vain of one's country1 and to boast of it1 is a natural feeling2 but1 with a ,virginian1 it is a passion4 ,it inheres in him even as the flavor of a ,york river oyster in that bivalve1 and no distance of deportation1 and no trimmings of a gracious prosperity1 and no pickling in the sharp acids of adversity1 can destroy it4 ,it is a part of the ,virginia character--just as the flavor is a distinctive part of the oyster--which cannot1 save by annihilating1 die4 ,it is no use talking about it--the thing may be right1 or wrong2--like ,falstaff's victims at ,gadshill1 it is past praying for3 it is a sort of cocoa grass that has got into the soil1 and has so matted over it1 and so fibred through it1 as to have become a part of it2 at least there is no telling which is the grass and which the soil2 and certainly it is useless labor to try to root it out4 ,you may destroy the soil1 but you can't root out the grass4 ,patriotism with the ,virginian is a noun personal4 ,it is the ,virginian himself and something over4 ,he loves ,virginia per se and propter se3 he loves her for herself and for himself--because she is ,virginia1 and--everything else beside4 ,he loves to talk about her3 out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh4 ,it makes no odds where he goes1 he carries ,virginia with him2 not in the entirety always--but the little spot he comes from is ,virginia--as ,swedenborg says the smallest part of the brain is an abridgment of all of it4 ,coelum non animum mutant qui trans mare currunt1 was made for a ,virginian4 ,he never gets acclimated elsewhere2 he never loses citizenship to the old ,home4 ,the right of expatriation is a pure abstraction to him4 ,he may breathe in ,alabama1 but he lives in ,virginia4 ,his treasure is there and his heart also4 ,if he looks at the ,delta of the ,mississippi1 it reminds him of ,james ,river low grounds2 if he sees the vast prairies of ,texas1 it is a memorial of the meadows of the ,valley4 ,richmond is the centre of attraction1 the dpt of all that is grand1 great1 good1 and glorious4 ,it is the ,kentucky of a place1 which the preacher described ,heaven to be to the ,kentucky congregation4 ,those who came many years ago from the borough towns1 especially from the vicinity of ,williamsburg1 exceed1 in attachment to their birthplace1 if possible1 the migrs from the metropolis4 ,it is refreshing in these coster monger times1 to hear them speak of it2--they remember it when the old burg was the seat of fashion1 taste1 refinement1 hospitality1 wealth1 wit1 and all social graces3 when genius threw its spell over the public assemblages and illumined the halls of justice1 and when beauty brightened the social hour with her unmatched and matchless brilliancy4 ,,alexander ,,hamilton ,,stephens4 #ahabahhc4 ,,alexander ,,hamilton ,,stephens was born near ,crawfordville1 ,georgia1 and received an early and excellent education in his father's private school and at the ,university of ,georgia4 ,the cost of his tuition here was advanced by some friends1 and he repaid it as soon as he began to earn money4 ,he taught for a year in the family of ,dr4 ,le ,conte1 father of the distinguished scientists1 ,john and ,joseph ,le ,conte1 now of the ,university of ,california4 ,he pursued his law studies alone and passed an unusually brilliant examination4 ,he was elected to the ,state ,legislature in #ahcf1 and to ,congress in #ahdc1 where he served until #aheh4 ,he then retired to country life at his home1 ,liberty ,hall4 ,but in #ahfa he was elected ,vice-,president of the ,confederate ,states4 ,after the war he was made prisoner and confined for some months at ,fort ,warren near ,boston4 ,he spent several years in literary work and established a newspaper at ,atlanta1 called the ,sun4 ,he was of small stature and delicate health1 and met with one or two severe accidents4 ,his career is a wonderful illustration of the power of the mind over the body4 ,an amusing incident is told of him in regard to his size4 ,he was attending a political convention in ,charleston as one of the chief delegates2 and one evening1 with several other prominent men1 he was on the porch of the hotel lying on a bench1 talking with his companions who were standing about him4 ,the hotel-keeper coming out saw the gentlemen standing1 and bustling up1 said1 ,get up1 my son1 and let these gentlemen be seated4 ,mr4 ,stephens at once arose and his friends burst out laughing2 they explained the situation to the hotel-keeper who was profuse in his apologies4 ,an instance of his remarkable bravery is the affair with ,judge ,cone4 ,this gentleman considered himself insulted by a remark of ,mr4 ,stephens and demanded a retraction4 ,after accepting an explanation1 he still insisted on a retraction1 and ,mr4 ,stephens refused to make it4 ,judge ,cone1 a tall and powerful man1 then drew a knife on him and holding him down on the floor1 cried out1 ,retract1 or ,i'll cut you to pieces4 ,never6 answered ,stephens1 cut6 and caught the descending knife in his right hand4 ,friends interposed2 ,judge ,cone apologized1 and they afterwards became reconciled4 ,mr4 ,stephens was elected to the ,united ,states ,senate1 #ahgd and #ahgf3 he was governor of ,georgia when he died4 ,see his ,life by ,r4 ,m4 ,johnston and ,w4 ,h4 ,browne4 ,,works4 ,war between the ,states4 ,school ,history of the ,united ,states4 ,history of the ,united ,states4 ,speeches4 ,,laws ,,of ,,government4 7,from ,history of the ,united ,states4#ai7 ,the chief end of all ,states1 or the ,esprit des ,lois1 as ,montesquieu maintains1 should be the security to each member of the community of all those absolute rights which are vested in them by the immutable laws of nature4 ,many writers maintain that the individuals upon entering into society1 give up or surrender a portion of their natural rights4 ,this seems to be a manifest error4 ,no person has any natural right whatever to hurt or injure another4 ,the object of society and government is to prevent and redress injuries of this sort2 for1 in a state of nature1 without a restraining power of government1 the strong would viciously impose upon the weak4 ,another erroneous dogma pretty generally taught is1 that the object of governments should be to confer the greatest benefit upon the greatest number of its constituent members4 ,the true doctrine is1 the object should be to confer the greatest possible good upon every member1 without any detriment or injury to a single one4 ,,sketch ,,in ,,the ,,senate1 ,,feb4 #e1 #ahej4 7,from ,johnston and ,browne's ,life of ,stephens4#bj7 ,illustration3 ,university of ,alabama4 ,millard ,fillmore1 occupying the conspicuous seat erected for the second officer of the ,government4 4 4 4 ,his countenance is open and bland1 his chest full4 ,his eye is bright1 blue1 and intelligent2 his hair thick and slightly gray4 ,his personal appearance is striking2 and no one can look at him without feeling conscious that he is a man far above the average4 ,on his right1 near the aisle leading to the front door1 sits ,cass with hands folded in his lap 4 4 4 42 his sleepy-looking eyes occasionally glancing at the galleries1 and then at the crowd pressing in below4 ,benton sits in his well-known place1 leaning back in his chair1 and giving all who desire it a full view of his person4 ,one vacant seat is seen not far off on the same side of the ,house4 ,a vacant seat in such a crowd excites the attention of all4 ,whose seat is that8 goes in whispers around4 ,it's ,calhoun's--not well enough to be out yet4--,who is that sitting by ,cass8 says one4--,that is ,buchanan1--come all the way from home to hear ,clay4--,what thin-visaged man is that standing over yonder and constantly moving8-- 4 4 4 ,that is ,ritchie of the ,union4--,who is that walking down the aisle with that uncouth coat and all that hair about his chin8 ,did you ever see such a swaggerer8 ,he can't be a ,senator4--,that is ,sam ,houston4--,but where is ,webster8 ,i don't see him4--,he is in the ,supreme ,court1 where he has a case to argue to-day4--,see ,corwin1 and ,badger1 and ,berrien1 and ,dawson1 all near ,clay2 all of them quiet while ,clay pursues his writing4 ,on the opposite side1 ,butler1 and ,foote1 and ,clemens1 and ,douglas4 ,after the carriage of the motion of ,mr4 ,mangum to proceed to the consideration of the order of the day1 ,mr4 ,clay folds his papers and puts them in his desk1 and after the business is announced1 rises gracefully and majestically4 ,instantaneously there is general applause1 which ,mr4 ,clay seems not to notice4 ,the noise within is heard without1 and the great crowd raised such a shout that ,mr4 ,clay had to pause until the officers went out and cleared all the entrances1 and then he began4 ,he spoke on that day two hours and fifteen minutes4 ,the speech was reported in the ,globe word for word as he uttered it4 ,i never saw such a report before4 ,his voice was good1 his enunciation clear and distinct1 his action firm1 his strength far surpassing my expectation4 ,he had the riveted gaze of the multitude the whole time4 ,when he concluded1 an immense throng of friends1 both men and women came up to congratulate and to kiss him4 ,march #cast4--,the ,angel of ,death has just passed by1 and his shadow is seen lingering upon the startled countenances of all4 ,a great man has just fallen1--,calhoun6 ,his race is ended4 ,his restless and fiery spirit sleeps in that deep and long repose which awaits all the living4 ,he died this morning about seven o'clock4 ,peace to his ashes6 ,his name will long be remembered in the history of this country4 ,he has closed his career at a most eventful period of that history1 and perhaps it is most fortunate for his fame that he died just at this time4 ,,true ,,courage4 7,from a ,speech1 #ahee47 ,i am afraid of nothing on earth1 or above the earth1 or under the earth1 but to do wrong4 ,the path of duty ,i shall endeavor to travel1 fearing no evil1 and dreading no consequences4 ,i would rather be defeated in a good cause than to triumph in a bad one4 ,i would not give a fig for a man who would shrink from the discharge of duty for fear of defeat4 ,,footnotes3 #ai ,by permission of the ,national ,publishing ,co41 ,philadelphia4 #bj ,by permission of authors1 and publishers1 ,j4 ,b4 ,lippincott ,co41 ,philadelphia4 ,,alexander ,,beaufort ,,meek4 #ahadahfe4 ,,alexander ,,beaufort ,,meek was born at ,columbia1 ,south ,carolina1 was educated at the ,university of ,alabama1 and began life as a lawyer and editor in ,tuscaloosa1 then capital of ,alabama4 ,he was a lieutenant in the ,seminole ,war4 ,he was a judge1 a member of the ,state ,legislature and ,speaker of the ,house1 and father of the public school system of the state4 ,his later years were devoted to literary pursuits and he stands high as an orator1 poet1 and historian4 ,,works4 ,red ,eagle1 a poem4 ,romantic ,passages in ,south-,western ,history4 ,history of ,alabama1 unfinished4 ,songs and ,poems of the ,south4 ,pilgrims of ,mt4 ,vernon1 unfinished poem4 ,the story of the ,indian ,chief1 ,red ,eagle1 or ,weatherford1 is one of the most interesting traditions of our country4 ,judge ,meek's writings teem with the romantic and marvellous incidents of the early history of ,alabama1 such as ,de ,soto's march to the ,mississippi1 the ,battle of ,mauville and defeat of the great ,indian ,king1 ,tuscaloosa1 or ,black ,warrior1 the ,canoe-,fight of ,dale1 or ,sam ,thlucco1 as the ,indians called him 7,big ,sam71 and the attack on ,fort ,mims4 ,,red ,,eagle1 ,,or ,,weatherford4 7,from ,romantic ,passages in ,south-,western ,history47 ,the battle of ,tohopeka put an end to the hopes of ,weatherford4 ,this village was situated on a peninsula1 within the horse-shoe bend of the ,tallapoosa4 ,here twelve hundred warriors 4 4 4 had fortified themselves for a desperate struggle1 assured by their prophets that the ,master of ,breath would now interpose in their favor4 ,across the neck of land1 three hundred and fifty yards wide1 that leads into the peninsula1 they had constructed powerful breastworks of hewn logs1 eight or ten feet high1 and pierced with double rows of port-holes1 from which they could fire with perfect security4 ,the selection of this spot and the character of its defence did great credit to the military genius of ,weatherford1--and his eloquence1 more than usually persuasive and inspiriting1 filled his devoted followers with a courage strangely compounded of fanaticism and despair4 ,at an early hour in the morning1 ,general ,coffee's command having crossed the river and encircled the bend so as to cut off all escape1 ,general ,jackson opened his artillery upon the breastworks1 and having but in part demolished them1 ordered forward the thirty-ninth regiment to carry the place by storm4 ,the van was gallantly led by ,col4 ,williams1 ,col4 ,bunch1 ,lieut4-,col4 ,benton1 and ,maj4 ,montgomery4 ,amidst a most destructive fire1 they pressed to the breastworks1 and desperately struggled for the command of the port-holes4 ,but ,maj4 ,montgomery1 impatient at the delay1 cried out to his men to follow him1 and leaped upon the wall in face of the deadliest fire4 ,for an instant he waved his sword over his head in triumph1 but the next fell lifeless to the ground1 shot through the head by a rifle ball4 ,a more gallant spirit never achieved a nobler death1 and the name of the young ,tennesseean is preserved as a proud designation by one of the richest counties1 as well as by one of the most flourishing cities1 in the ,state whose soil was baptized by his blood6 ,the breastworks having been carried by storm1 the ,indians fell back among the trees1 brush1 and timber of the peninsula1 and kept up a spirited contest4 ,but1 in the meantime1 a portion of ,coffee's command1 and some of the friendly warriors under their distinguished chief1 ,mc,intosh1 had swum across the river1 fired the village of ,tohopeka1 and carried off the canoes of the enemy4 ,the followers of ,weatherford now became desperate1 and from the banks1 hollows1 and other fastnesses of the place1 fought with fury1 refusing all offers of quarter4 ,the fight continued in severity for five hours2 and the going down of the sun was hailed by the survivors as furnishing them some chance of escape4 ,but the hope was1 in the main1 deceptive4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,not more than twenty warriors are believed to have escaped1 under cover of the night4 ,among these1 strange enough1 was the chieftain ,weatherford1 whose appellation1 the ,murderer of ,fort ,mims1 had formed the watch-word and war-cry of his enemies in this very engagement4 ,favored by the thick darkness1 he floated down the river with his horse1 until below the ,american lines1 and then reaching the shore1 made his way in safety to the highlands south of the ,tallapoosa4 4 4 ,weatherford could not consent to fly from the nation2 he felt that he owed it1 as a duty to his people1 not to abandon them until peace was restored4 ,in this state of mind he was apprised that the ,american commander had set a price upon his head1 and refused peace to the other chiefs1 unless they should bring him either dead1 or in confinement1 to the ,american camp1 now at ,fort ,jackson1 near the junction of the rivers4 ,his determination was at once taken in the same spirit of heroism that always marked his conduct4 ,accordingly1 mounting his horse1 he made his way across the country1 and soon appeared at the lines of the encampment4 ,at his request1 a sentinel conducted him to the presence of the commander-in-chief1 who was seated in his marquee1 in consultation with several of his principal officers4 ,the stately and noble appearance of the warrior at once excited the attention and surprise of the ,general1 and he demanded of the ,chief his name and the purpose of his visit4 ,in calm and deliberate tones1 the chieftain said3 ,i am ,weatherford4 ,i have come to ask peace for myself and for my people4 ,the mild dignity with which these words were uttered1 no less than their import1 struck the ,american commander with surprise4 ,he hardly knew what to do2 but he allowed some parley and ,weatherford made a speech1 ending thus3 ,general ,jackson1 you are a brave man3 ,i am another4 ,i do not fear to die4 ,but ,i rely on your generosity4 ,you will exact no terms of a conquered and helpless people1 but those to which they should accede4 4 4 4 ,you have told us what we may do and be safe4 ,yours is a good talk and my nation ought to listen to it4 ,they shall listen to it6 4 4 4 ,general ,jackson acceded to the demands of ,weatherford1 and assured him of peace and safety for himself and people4 ,,philip ,,pendleton ,,cooke4 #ahafahej4 ,,philip ,,pendleton ,,cooke1 the elder brother of the better known ,john ,esten ,cooke1 was born in ,martinsburg1 ,virginia1 and spent his short life happily in his native county1 engaged in field sports and in writing stories and poems for the ,southern ,literary ,messenger and other magazines4 ,his lyric1 ,florence ,vane1 has been very popular and has been translated into many languages4 ,he was said to be stately and impressive in manner and a brilliant talker4 ,philip ,pendleton and ,john ,esten ,cooke were first cousins of ,john ,pendleton ,kennedy1 their mothers being sisters4 ,his death was caused by pneumonia contracted from riding through the ,shenandoah on a hunting trip4 ,,works4 ,froissart ,ballads and other ,poems4 ,john ,carpe4 ,gregories of ,hackwood4 ,crime of ,andrew ,blair4 ,chevalier ,merlin unfinished4 ,,florence ,,vane4 ,i loved thee long and dearly1 ,florence ,vane2 ,my life's bright dream1 and early1 ,hath come again2 ,i renew1 in my fond vision1 ,my heart's dear pain1 ,my hope1 and thy derision1 ,florence ,vane4 ,the ruin lone and hoary1 ,the ruin old1 ,where thou didst hark my story1 ,at even told1-- ,that spot--the hues ,elysian ,of sky and plain-- ,i treasure in my vision1 ,florence ,vane4 ,thou wast lovelier than the roses ,in their prime3 ,thy voice excelled the closes ,of sweetest rhyme2 ,thy heart was as a river ,without a main4 ,would ,i had loved thee never1 ,florence ,vane6 ,but fairest1 coldest wonder6 ,thy glorious clay ,lieth the green sod under-- ,alas the day6 ,and it boots not to remember ,thy disdain-- ,to quicken love's pale ember1 ,florence ,vane4 ,the lilies of the valley ,by young graves weep1 ,the pansies love to dally ,where maidens sleep2 ,may their bloom1 in beauty vying1 ,never wane1 ,where thine earthly part is lying1 ,florence ,vane6 ,illustration3 ,university of ,kentucky 7,main ,building74 ,,theodore ,o',,hara4 #ahbjahfg4 ,,theodore ,o',,hara1 son of an ,irish exile1 was born in ,danville1 ,kentucky1 and educated at ,st4 ,joseph ,academy1 ,bardstown1 where he taught ,greek to the younger classes while finishing his senior course4 ,he read law1 was appointed clerk in the ,treasury ,department at ,washington1 #ahde1 and on the outbreak of the ,mexican ,war entered the army as a soldier1 rising to be captain and major4 ,at the close of the war1 he returned to ,washington and practised law4 ,he was afterwards editor of the ,mobile ,register1 and of the ,frankfort ,yeoman1 in ,kentucky1 and was employed in diplomatic missions4 ,he was a colonel in the ,confederate ,army1 and after the war1 settled in ,georgia4 ,on his death the ,kentucky ,legislature passed a resolution to remove his remains to ,frankfort and lay them beside the soldiers whom he had so well praised in his ,bivouac of the ,dead2 and there he rests1 the soldier bard1 among the voiceless braves of the ,battle of ,buena ,vista4 ,this poem was written for the occasion of their interment2 and it has furnished the lines of inscription over the gateways of several military cemeteries4 ,,works4 ,bivouac of the ,dead4 ,the ,old ,pioneer4 ,,the ,,bivouac ,,of ,,the ,,dead4 7,in ,memory of the ,kentuckians who fell at the ,battle of ,buena ,vista1 ,jan4 #bh1 #ahdg47 ,the muffled drum's sad roll has beat ,the soldier's last tattoo2 ,no more on ,life's parade shall meet ,that brave and fallen few4 ,on ,fame's eternal camping-ground ,their silent tents are spread1 ,and ,glory guards1 with solemn round1 ,the bivouac of the dead4 ,no rumor of the foe's advance ,now swells upon the wind2 ,no troubled thought at midnight haunts ,of loved ones left behind2 ,no vision of the morrow's strife ,the warrior's dream alarms2 ,no braying horn nor screaming fife ,at dawn shall call to arms4 ,their shivered swords are red with rust1 ,their plumd heads are bowed2 ,their haughty banner1 trailed in dust1 ,is now their martial shroud4 ,and plenteous funeral tears have washed ,the red stains from each brow1 ,and the proud forms1 by battle gashed1 ,are free from anguish now4 ,the neighing troop1 the flashing blade1 ,the bugle's stirring blast1 ,the charge1 the dreadful cannonade1 ,the din and shout1 are past2 ,nor war's wild note nor glory's peal ,shall thrill with fierce delight ,those breasts that never more may feel ,the rapture of the fight4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,full many a norther's breath has swept ,o'er ,angostura's plain1-- ,and long the pitying sky has wept ,above its mouldered slain4 ,the raven's scream1 or eagle's flight1 ,or shepherd's pensive lay1 ,alone awakes each sullen height ,that frowned o'er that dread fray4 ,sons of the ,dark and ,bloody ,ground1 ,ye must not slumber there1 ,where stranger steps and tongues resound ,along the heedless air4 ,your own proud land's heroic soil ,shall be your fitter grave3 ,she claims from war his richest spoil-- ,the ashes of her brave4 ,thus 'neath their parent turf they rest1 ,far from the gory field1 ,borne to a ,spartan mother's breast ,on many a bloody shield2 ,the sunshine of their native sky ,smiles sadly on them1 here1 ,and kindred eyes and hearts watch by ,the heroes' sepulchre4 ,rest on1 embalmed and sainted dead6 ,dear as the blood ye gave2 ,no impious footstep here shall tread ,the herbage of your grave2 ,nor shall your glory be forgot ,while ,fame her record keeps1 ,or ,honor points the hallowed spot ,where ,valor proudly sleeps4 ,yon marble minstrel's voiceless stone ,in deathless song shall tell1 ,when many a vanished age hath flown1 ,the story how ye fell2 ,nor wreck1 nor change1 nor winter's blight1 ,nor ,time's remorseless doom1 ,shall dim one ray of glory's light ,that gilds your deathless tomb4 ,,fourth ,,period 444 #ahej-ahid4 ,,george ,,rainsford ,,fairbanks4 #ahbj----4 ,,george ,,rainsford ,,fairbanks was born in ,watertown1 ,new ,york1 but settled in ,florida at ,st4 ,augustine in #ahdb and identified himself with his adopted state4 ,from #ahfj to #ahhj his home was at ,sewanee1 ,tennessee1 and he has been on the ,board of ,trustees of the ,university of the ,south since #aheg4 ,during the war he served as major in the ,confederate army1 #ahfb-fe4 ,in #ahhj he returned to ,florida and has since made his home in ,fernandina4 ,his ,history of ,florida is considered the best history of that state1 and is written in a clear and interesting style4 ,,works4 ,history of ,florida4 ,history and ,antiquities of ,st4 ,augustine4 ,,osceola1 ,,leader ,,of ,,the ,,seminoles4 7,from ,history of ,florida4#ba7 ,illustration3 ,osceola4 ,his true ,indian name was ,as-se-se-ha-ho-lar1 or ,black ,drink1 but he was commonly called ,osceola1 or ,powell4 ,he belonged to a ,creek tribe called ,red ,sticks1 and was a half-breed4 ,he removed to ,florida with his mother when a child1 and lived near ,fort ,king three miles east of ,ocala4 ,at the beginning of the ,florida war he was about thirty-one years of age1 of medium size1 being about five feet eight inches in height1 resolute and manly in his bearing1 with a clear1 frank1 and engaging countenance4 ,he was undoubtedly the master-spirit of the war1 and by his firmness and audacity forced the nation into the war which a large majority were averse to engaging in1 and either broke up every attempt at negotiations or prevented their fulfillment4 ,he was to have been one of the leaders at ,dade's massacre1 but was detained at ,fort ,king by his determination to gratify his revenge upon ,general ,thompson4 ,he participated in the battles at the ford of the ,withlacoochee and ,camp ,izard1 and led the attack upon ,micanopy1 where1 with his force of less than two hundred and fifty men1 within sight of the fort1 he attacked upwards of one hundred regular troops in an open field1 supported by a field-piece4 ,his capture1 ,october1 #ahcg1 by ,general ,hernandez was due to his audacity and self-confidence4 ,bad faith1 and a disregard of the usages of civilization1 have been imputed to ,general ,jesup on this occasion1 ,osceola having come in under a white flag to negotiate2 but that officer contended that ,osceola had broken his faith in reference to the ,fort ,dade capitulation when he had promised to emigrate and was to be treated as a prisoner4 ,from all that can be gathered of his character1 ,osceola was possessed of nobler traits than usually belong to his race4 ,his manners were dignified and courteous1 and upon the field he showed himself a brave and cautious leader4 ,it is said that he instructed his people in their predatory excursions to spare the women and children4 ,it is not1 said he1 upon them that we make war and draw the scalping-knife4 ,it is upon men4 ,let us act like men4 ,osceola has furnished to the poet1 to the novelist1 and to the lover of romance1 a most attractive subject1 and scarce any limit has been placed to the virtues attributed or the exploits imagined in connection with this renowned chief of the ,seminoles4 ,a poet has sung of him1-- ,his features are clothed with a warrior's pride1 ,and he moves with a monarch's tread2 ,he smiles with joy1 as the flash of steel ,through the ,everglades' grass is seen4 ,upon his removal to ,charleston1 he became dejected and low-spirited1 and gradually pined away4 ,all efforts to interest him in a ,western home failed to arouse him1 and in a few weeks he died of a broken heart1 and was buried just outside of the principal gateway of ,fort ,moultrie1 where his resting-place is inclosed and a monument erected4 ,,footnote3 #ba ,by permission of the author4 ,,richard ,,malcolm ,,johnston4 #ahbb----4 ,,richard ,,malcolm ,,johnston was born in ,hancock ,county1 ,georgia4 ,he was professor of ,literature in the ,university of ,georgia1 #aheg-ahfa4 ,he served1 as colonel1 in the ,confederate army1 and has since had a school for boys at ,sparta1 ,georgia1 and later near ,baltimore4 ,in connection with ,prof4 ,william ,hand ,browne of ,johns ,hopkins1 he has published a ,history of ,english ,literature and a ,life of ,alexander ,h4 ,stephens4 ,his tales describe life among the ,georgia ,crackers and they have many readers and admirers4 ,his style has the stamp of simple truth and is irresistible4 ,see ,sketch in ,miss ,rutherford's ,american ,authors4 ,,works4 ,dukesborough ,tales4 ,old ,mark ,langston4 ,two ,gray ,tourists4 ,collection of ,stories4 ,mr4 ,absalom ,billingslea and other ,georgia ,folks4 ,widow ,guthrie4 ,history of ,english ,literature2 ,life of ,alex4 ,h4 ,stephens3 7both with ,prof4 ,w4 ,h4 ,browne47 ,ogeechee ,cross-,firings4 ,mr4 ,bill ,williams4 ,primes and their neighbors4 ,pearce ,amerson's ,will4 ,the following extract is a true story of an old gentleman who was ,alexander ,h4 ,stephens' first client4 ,,mr4 ,,hezekiah ,,ellington',s ,,recovery4 7,from ,life of ,alexander ,h4 ,stephens4#bb7 ,the old gentleman was brought very low with malarious fever1 and his physician and family had made up their minds1 that1 notwithstanding his extreme reluctance to depart from this life1--a reluctance heightened no doubt by his want of preparation for a better1--he would be compelled to go4 ,the system of therapeutics in vogue at that time and in that section included immense quantities of calomel1 and rigorously excluded cold water4 ,mr4 ,ellington lingered and lingered1 and went without water so long and to such an extent that it seemed to him he might as well die of the disease as of the intolerable thirst that tormented him4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,at last1 one night1 when his physicians1 deeming his case hopeless1 had taken their departure1 informing his family that he could hardly live till morning1 and the latter1 worn down by watching1 were compelled to take a little rest1 he was left to the care of his constant and faithful servant1 ,shadrach1 with strict and solemn charge to notify them if any change took place in his master's condition1 and1 above all1 under no circumstances to give him cold water4 ,when the rest were all asleep1 ,mr4 ,ellington1 always astute and adroit in gaining his ends1 and whose faculties at present were highly stimulated by his extreme necessity1 called out to his attendant in a feeble voice1 which he strove to make as natural and unsuggestive as possible1-- ,shadrach1 go to the spring and fetch me a pitcher of water from the bottom4 ,shadrach expostulated1 pleading the orders of the doctor and his mistress4 ,you ,shadrach1 you had better do what ,i tell you1 sir4 ,shadrach still held by his orders4 ,shadrach1 if you don't bring me the water1 when ,i get well ,i'll give you the worst whipping you ever had in your life6 ,shadrach either thought that if his master got well he would cherish no rancor towards the faithful servant whose constancy had saved him1 or1 more likely1 that the prospect of recovery was far too remote to justify any serious apprehension for his present disobedience2 at all events1 he held firm4 ,the sick man1 finding this mode of attack ineffectual1 paused awhile1 and then said1 in the most persuasive accents he could employ1 ,shadrach1 my boy1 you are a good nigger1 ,shadrach4 ,if you'll go now and fetch old master a pitcher of nice cool water1 ,i'll set you free and give you ,five ,hundred ,dollars6 ,and he dragged the syllables slowly and heavily from his dry jaws1 as if to make the sum appear immeasurably vast4 ,but ,shadrach was proof against even this temptation4 ,he only admitted its force by arguing the case1 urging that how could he stand it1 and what good would his freedom and five hundred dollars do him1 if he should do a thing that would kill his old master8 ,the old gentleman groaned and moaned4 ,at last he bethought him of one final stratagem4 ,he raised his head as well as he could1 turned his haggard face full upon ,shadrach1 and glaring at him from his hollow blood-shot eyes1 said1 ,shadrach1 ,i am going to die1 and it's because ,i can't get any water4 ,if you don't go and bring me a pitcher of water1 after ,i'm dead ,i'll come back and ,,haunt you6 ,i'll ,,haunt you as long as you live6 ,oh ,lordy6 ,master6 ,you shall hab de water6 cried ,shadrach2 and he rushed out to the spring and brought it4 ,the old man drank and drank1--the pitcherful and more4 ,the next morning he was decidedly better1 and to the astonishment of all1 soon got well4 ,,footnote3 #bb ,by permission of authors1 and publishers1 ,j4 ,b4 ,lippincott ,co41 ,philadelphia4 ,,john ,,reuben ,,thompson4 #ahbcahgc4 ,,john ,,reuben ,,thompson was born at ,richmond1 and educated at the ,university of ,virginia4 ,he studied law1 but practised little1 and in #ahdg became editor of the ,southern ,literary ,messenger4 ,this position he filled with great success for twelve years and he exerted a fine influence on the literary taste and effort of his times4 ,in this magazine first appeared the writings of ,donald ,g4 ,mitchell 7,dream ,life and ,reveries of a ,bachelor71 the early pieces of ,john ,esten ,cooke1 ,philip ,pendleton ,cooke1 ,paul ,hamilton ,hayne1 ,henry ,timrod1 and others4 ,his delicate health induced him to resign his place in #ahei and to go farther south to ,augusta1 ,georgia1 as editor of the ,southern ,field and ,fireside4 ,in #ahfc he travelled in ,europe and his descriptive letters are very bright and interesting4 ,he later became literary editor of the ,evening ,post1 ,n4 ,y42 in #ahgb he went to ,colorado in one last but vain effort to restore his health4 ,he died in #ahgc and is buried in ,hollywood ,cemetery at ,richmond4 ,his writings1 consisting of poems1 letters1 sketches1 and editorials1 are found mainly in the ,southern ,literary ,messenger and ,the ,land ,we ,love4 ,,ashby4 ,to the brave all homage render1 ,weep1 ye skies of ,june6 ,with a radiance pure and tender1 ,shine1 oh saddened moon6 ,dead upon the field of glory1 ,hero fit for song and story1 ,lies our bold dragoon4 ,well they learned1 whose hands have slain him1 ,braver1 knightlier foe ,never fought with ,moor nor ,paynim1 ,rode at ,templestowe2 ,with a mien how high and joyous1 ',gainst the hordes that would destroy us ,went he forth we know4 ,never more1 alas6 shall sabre ,gleam around his crest2 ,fought his fight2 fulfilled his labour2 ,stilled his manly breast4 ,all unheard sweet ,nature's cadence1 ,trump of fame and voice of maidens1 ,now he takes his rest4 ,earth that all too soon hath bound him1 ,gently wrap his clay2 ,linger lovingly around him1 ,light of dying day2 ,softly fall the summer showers1 ,birds and bees among the flowers ,make the gloom seem gay4 ,there1 throughout the coming ages1 ,when his sword is rust1 ,and his deeds in classic pages1 ,mindful of her trust1 ,shall ,virginia1 bending lowly1 ,still a ceaseless vigil holy ,keep above his dust6 ,,music ,,in ,,camp4 ,two armies covered hill and plain1 ,where ,rappahannock's waters ,ran deeply crimsoned with the stain ,of battle's recent slaughters4 ,the summer clouds lay pitched like tents ,in meads of heavenly azure2 ,and each dread gun of the elements ,slept in its hid embrasure4 ,the breeze so softly blew1 it made ,no forest leaf to quiver1 ,and the smoke of the random cannonade ,rolled slowly from the river4 ,and now1 where circling hills looked down ,with cannon grimly planted1 ,o'er listless camp and silent town ,the golden sunset slanted4 ,when on the fervid air there came ,a strain--now rich1 now tender2 ,the music seemed itself aflame ,with day's departing splendor4 ,a ,federal band1 which1 eve and morn1 ,played measures brave and nimble1 ,had just struck up1 with flute and horn ,and lively clash of cymbal4 ,down flocked the soldiers to the banks1 ,till1 margined by its pebbles1 ,one wooded shore was blue with ,yanks1 ,and one was gray with ,rebels4 ,then all was still1 and then the band1 ,with movement light and tricksy1 ,made stream and forest1 hill and strand ,reverberate with ,dixie4 ,the conscious stream with burnished glow ,went proudly o'er its pebbles1 ,but thrilled throughout its deepest flow ,with yelling of the ,rebels4 ,again a pause1 and then again ,the trumpets pealed sonorous1 ,and ,yankee ,doodle was the strain ,to which the shore gave chorus4 ,the laughing ripple shoreward flew1 ,to kiss the shining pebbles2 ,loud shrieked the swarming ,boys in ,blue ,defiance to the ,rebels4 ,and yet once more the bugles sang ,above the stormy riot2 ,no shout upon the evening rang-- ,there reigned a holy quiet4 ,the sad1 slow stream its noiseless flood ,poured o'er the glistening pebbles2 ,all silent now the ,yankees stood1 ,and silent stood the ,rebels4 ,no unresponsive soul had heard ,that plaintive note's appealing1 ,so deeply ,home ,sweet ,home had stirred ,the hidden founts of feeling4 ,or ,blue1 or ,gray1 the soldier sees ,as by the wand of fairy1 ,the cottage 'neath the live-oak trees1 ,the cabin by the prairie4 ,or cold1 or warm1 his native skies ,bend in their beauty o'er him2 ,seen through the tear-mist in his eyes1 ,his loved ones stand before him4 ,as fades the iris after rain ,in ,april's tearful weather1 ,the vision vanished1 as the strain ,and daylight died together4 ,but memory1 waked by music's art1 ,expressed in simplest numbers1 ,subdued the sternest ,yankee's heart1 ,made light the ,rebel's slumbers4 ,and fair the form of music shines1 ,that bright celestial creature1 ,who still1 'mid war's embattled lines1 ,gave this one touch of ,nature4 ,,jabez ,,lamar ,,monroe ,,curry4 #ahbe----4 ,,dr4 ,,curry was born in ,georgia1 but his father removed to ,alabama in #ahch1 and he was reared in that ,state4 ,after graduation at the ,university of ,georgia and at the ,harvard ,law ,school1 he began the practice of law in ,talladega ,county1 ,alabama4 ,he served in the ,state ,legislature and in ,congress1 and in #ahfa entered the ,confederate ,army4 ,after the war he was ordained to the ,baptist ministry and became president of ,howard ,college1 ,alabama1 and later1 professor of ,english1 ,philosophy1 and ,law1 in ,richmond ,college1 ,virginia1 which latter position he filled for thirteen years4 ,from #ahha to #ahhe he was agent of the ,peabody ,educational ,fund2 in #ahhe he was appointed minister to ,spain1 and on his return to ,america resumed the agency of the ,fund4 ,his wise administration and his well-directed efforts have done much to further the cause of education2 and his ability and effectiveness as a speaker and writer have given him national fame4 ,,works4 ,constitutional ,history of ,spain4 ,gladstone4 ,southern ,states of the ,american ,union just issued1 #ahie4 ,,relations ,,between ,,england ,,and ,,america4 7,from ,gladstone4#bc7 ,by his frank utterances1 expressive of his admiration of the people and the institutions of the ,united ,states1 he has provoked adverse criticism from a portion of the ,english press4 ,he thinks the ,senate of the ,united ,states the most remarkable of all the inventions of modern politics1 and the ,american constitution the most wonderful work ever struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose of man1 and that its exemption from formal change1 has certainly proved the sagacity of its constructors and the stubborn strength of the fabric4 ,in the same essay--,kin ,beyond ,sea--speaking of our future1 he says1 ,she will probably become what we are now1 the head servant in the great household of the world1 the employer of all employed2 because her service will be the most and the ablest4 ,in #ahef1 when the relations between ,great ,britain and the ,united ,states became considerably strained1 in an able speech may be found this sentence3 ,it appears to me that the two cardinal aims that we ought to keep in view in the discussion of this question are peace and a thoroughly cordial understanding with ,america for one1 the honor and fame of ,england for the other4 ,in #ahhd1 he wrote3 ,the convulsion of that country between #ahfa and #ahfe was perhaps the most frightful which ever assailed a national existence4 ,the efforts which were made on both sides were marked4 ,the exertions by which alone the movement was put down were not only extraordinary1 they were what antecedently would have been called impossible2 and they were only rendered possible by the fact that they proceeded from a nation where every capable citizen was enfranchised and had a direct and an energetic interest in the well-being and unity of the ,state4 ,no hardier republicanism was generated in ,new ,england than in the slave ,states of the ,south1 which produced so many of the great statesmen of ,america4 ,in a conversation with ,mr4 ,gladstone in #ahhg1 he referred to the enormous power and responsibilities of the ,united ,states1 and suggested that a desideratum was a new unity between our two countries4 ,we had that of race and language1 but we needed a moral unity of ,english-speaking people for the success of freedom4 ,the ,english or ,anglo-,saxon race is essentially the same in its more distinguishing characteristics4 ,unity of language creates unity of thought1 of literature1 and largely unity of civilization and of institutions4 ,it facilitates social and commercial intercourse1 and must produce still more marked political phenomena4 ,we profit naturally by inventions1 by discoveries1 by constitutional struggles1 by civil and religious achievements1 by lessons of traditions1 by landmarks of usage and prescription4 ,magna ,charta1 ,petition of ,right1 ,habeas ,corpus1 what ,o',connell even called the glorious ,revolution of #afhh1 are as much ,american as ,english4 ,england claims to have originated the representative system six hundred years ago4 ,our ancestors brought to this soil1 singularly suited for their growth1 all that was democratic in the policy of ,england and all that was ,protestant in her religion4 ,our revolution1 like that of #afhh1 was in the main a vindication of liberties inherited4 ,in freedom of religion1 in local self-government1 and somewhat in state autonomy1 our forefathers constructed for themselves2 but nearly all the personal guarantees1 of which we so much boast on our national anniversaries1 were borrowed from the mother country4 ,,footnote3 #bc ,by permission of ,b4 ,f4 ,johnson and ,co41 ,richmond1 ,va4 ,,margaret ,,junkin ,,preston4 #ahbe----4 ,,mrs4 ,,preston is a native of ,philadelphia1 the daughter of ,dr4 ,george ,junkin who in #ahdh removed to ,lexington1 ,virginia1 as president of the ,washington ,college1 and remained there till #ahfa4 ,she was married in #aheg to ,prof4 ,j4 ,t4 ,l4 ,preston of the ,virginia ,military ,institute1 her sister ,eleanor being the wife of ,colonel ,t4 ,j4 ,jackson of the same institution4 ,she identified herself with the ,south1 and her ,beechenbrook3 a ,rhyme of the ,war contains the poems1 ,stonewall ,jackson's ,grave and ,slain in ,battle4 ,her later writings are mostly short poems1 many of them religious1 articles for magazines1 and sketches of travel1 all of which breathe forth a sweet and wise influence4 ,,works4 ,silverwood1 novel4 ,old ,songs and ,new4 ,for ,love's ,sake4 ,book of ,monograms1 travels4 ,beechenbrook3 a ,rhyme of the ,war4 ,cartoons1 poems4 ,translated ,dies ,irae4 ,tales and articles for papers uncollected4 ,,the ,,shade ,,of ,,the ,,trees4 7,on the death of ,stonewall ,jackson1 #ahfc1 his last words being1 ,let us pass over the river and rest under the shade of the trees47 7,from ,cartoons4#bd7 ,illustration3 ,natural ,bridge1 ,virginia4 ,what are the thoughts that are stirring his breast8 ,what is the mystical vision he sees8 ,let us pass over the river and rest ,under the shade of the trees4 ,has he grown sick of his toils and his tasks8 ,sighs the worn spirit for respite or ease8 ,is it a moment's cool halt that he asks ,under the shade of the trees8 ,is it the gurgle of waters whose flow ,ofttime has come to him borne on the breeze1 ,memory listens to1 lapsing so low1 ,under the shade of the trees8 ,nay--though the rasp of the flesh was so sore1 ,faith1 that had yearnings far keener than these1 ,saw the soft sheen of the ,thitherward ,shore1 ,under the shade of the trees2-- ,caught the high psalms of ecstatic delight1-- ,heard the harps harping1 like soundings of seas1-- ,watched earth's assoild ones walking in white ,under the shade of the trees4 ,o1 was it strange he should pine for release1 ,touched to the soul with such transports as these1-- ,he who so needed the balsam of peace1 ,under the shade of the trees8 ,yea1 it was noblest for him--it was best1 7,questioning naught of our ,father's decrees17 ,there to pass over the river and rest ,under the shade of the trees6 ,,footnote3 #bd ,by permission of author1 and publishers1 ,roberts ,brothers1 ,boston4 ,,charles ,,henry ,,smith4 ,,bill ,,arp4 #ahbf----4 ,,charles ,,henry ,,smith1 or ,bill ,arp1 the ,country ,philosopher1 was born in ,lawrenceville1 ,georgia1 and has made a wide reputation by his humorous letters in the ,atlanta ,constitution4 ,he served in the ,confederate ,army as colonel4 ,since the war1 he has served his country still by giving some very sound and good advice in his ,country ,philosopher articles1 seasoned with much humor2 and his sketches of ,georgian life are valuable4 ,,works4 ,bill ,arp's ,letters4 ,articles in ,atlanta ,constitution4 ,fireside ,sketches4 ,bill ,arp's ,scrap-,book4 ,,big ,,john1 ,,on ,,the ,,cherokees4 7,from ,fireside ,sketches4#be7 ,big ,john had had a little war experience--that is1 he had volunteered in a company to assist in the forcible removal of the ,cherokees to the far west in #ahce4 ,it was said that he was no belligerent then1 but wanted to see the maiden that he loved a safe transit1 and so he escorted the old chief and his clan as far as ,tuscumbia1 and then broke down and returned to ,ross ,landing on the ,tennessee ,river4 ,he was too heavy to march1 and when he arrived at the ,landing1 a prisoner was put in his charge for safe keeping4 ,ross ,landing is ,chattanooga now1 and ,john ,ross lived there1 and was one of the chiefs of the ,cherokees4 ,the prisoner was his guest1 and his name was ,john ,howard ,payne4 ,he was suspected of trying to instigate the ,cherokees to revolt and fight1 and not leave their beautiful forest homes on the ,tennessee and ,coosa and ,oostanaula and the ,etowah and ,connasauga rivers4 ,he brought ,payne back as far as ,new ,echota1 or ,new ,town1 as it was called1 an ,indian settlement on the ,coosawattee1 a few miles east of ,calhoun1 as now known4 ,there he kept the author of ,home1 ,sweet ,home under guard1 or on his parole of honor1 for three weeks1 and night after night slept with him in his tent1 and listened to his music upon the violin1 and heard him sing his own sad songs until orders came for his discharge1 and ,payne was sent under escort to ,washington4 ,many a time ,i have heard ,big ,john recite his sad adventures4 ,it was a most distressive business1 said he4 ,them ,injuns was heart-broken2 ,i always knowd an ,injun loved his hunting-ground and his rivers1 but ,i never knowd how much they loved 'em before4 ,you know they killed ,ridge for consentin' to the treaty4 ,they killed him on the first day's march and they wouldent bury him4 ,we soldiers had to stop and dig a grave and put him away4 ,john ,ross and ,john ,ridge were the sons of two ,scotchmen1 who came over here when they were young men and mixed up with these tribes and got their good will4 ,these two boys were splendid looking men1 tall and handsome1 with long auburn hair1 and they were active and strong1 and could shoot a bow equal to the best bowman of the tribe1 and they beat 'em all to pieces on the cross-bow4 ,they married the daughters of the old chiefs1 and when the old chiefs died they just fell into line and succeeded to the old chiefs' places1 and the tribes liked 'em mighty well1 for they were good men and made good chiefs4 ,well1 you see ,ross dident like the treaty4 ,he said it wasent fair and that the price of the territory was too low1 and the fact is he dident want to go at all4 ,there are the ruins of his old home now over there in ,de ,soto1 close to ,rome1 and ,i tell you he was a king4 ,his word was the law of the ,injun nations1 and he had their love and their respect4 ,his half-breed children were the purtiest things ,i ever saw in my life4 ,well1 ,ridge lived up the ,oostanaula ,river about a mile1 and he was a good man1 too4 ,ross and ,ridge always consulted about everything for the good of the tribes1 but ,ridge was a more milder man than ,ross1 and was more easily persuaded to sign the treaty that gave the lands to the ,state and to take other lands away out to the ,mississippi4 ,well1 it took us a month to get 'em all together and begin the ,march to the ,mississippi1 and they wouldn't march then4 ,the women would go out of line and set down in the woods and go to grieving2 and you may believe it or not1 but ,i'll tell you what is a fact1 we started with #ad1jjj1 and #d1jjj of 'em died before we got to ,tuscumbia4 ,they died on the side of the road2 they died of broken hearts2 they died of starvation1 for they wouldent eat a thing2 they just died all along the way4 ,we didn't make more than five miles a day on the march1 and my company didn't do much but dig graves and bury ,injuns all the way to ,tuscumbia4 ,they died of grief and broken hearts1 and no mistake4 ,an ,injun's heart is tender1 and his love is strong2 it's his nature4 ,i'd rather risk an ,injun for a true friend than a white man4 ,he is the best friend in the world and the worst enemy4 ,,footnote3 #be ,by permission of the author4 ,,st4 ,,george ,h4 ,,tucker4 #ahbhahfc4 ,,st4 ,,george ,h4 ,,tucker1 grandson of ,judge ,st4 ,george ,tucker1 was born at ,winchester1 ,virginia4 ,he was clerk of the ,virginia ,legislature3 and in #ahfa he entered the ,confederate service and rose to be ,lieutenant-,colonel4 ,he died from exposure in the ,seven ,days' ,battles around ,richmond1 #ahfb4 ,his ,hansford is considered one of the best of historical romances and gives a vivid picture of ,virginia in the seventeenth century under ,governor ,berkeley4 ,,works4 ,hansford1 ,a ,tale of ,bacon's ,rebellion4 ,the ,southern ,crop4 ,,burning ,,of ,,jamestown ,,in #afgf4 7,from ,hansford47 ,scarcely had ,berkeley and his adherents departed on their flight from ,jamestown1 when some of the disaffected citizens of the town1 seeing the lights in the palace so suddenly extinguished1 shrewdly suspected their design4 ,without staying to ascertain the truth of their suspicions1 they hastened with the intelligence to ,general ,bacon1 and threw open the gates to the insurgents4 ,highly elated with the easy victory they had gained over the loyalists1 the triumphant patriots forgetting their fatigue and hunger1 marched into the city1 amid the loud acclamations of the fickle populace4 ,but to the surprise of all there was still a gloom resting upon ,bacon and his officers4 ,that cautious and far-seeing man saw at a glance1 that although he had gained an immense advantage over the royalists1 in the capture of the metropolis1 it was impossible to retain it in possession long4 ,as soon as his army was dispersed1 or engaged in another quarter of the colony1 it would be easy for ,berkeley1 with the navy under his command1 to return to the place1 and erect once more the fallen standard of loyalty4 ,while then1 the soldiery were exulting rapturously over their triumph1 ,bacon1 surrounded by his officers1 was gravely considering the best policy to pursue4 ,my little army is too small1 he said1 to leave a garrison here1 and so long as they remain thus organized peace will be banished from the colony2 and yet ,i cannot leave the town to become again the harbour of these treacherous loyalists4 ,i can suggest no policy that is fit to pursue1 in such an emergency1 said ,hansford1 except to retain possession of the town1 at least until the ,governor is fairly in ,accomac again4 ,that1 at best1 said ,bacon1 will only be a dilatory proceeding1 for sooner or later1 whenever the army is disbanded1 the stubborn old governor will return and force us to continue the war4 ,and besides ,i doubt whether we could maintain the place with ,brent besieging us in front1 and the whole naval force of ,virginia1 under the command of such expert seamen as ,gardiner and ,larimore1 attacking us from the river4 ,no1 no1 the only way to untie the ,gordian knot is to cut it1 and the only way to extricate ourselves from this difficulty is to burn the town4 ,this policy1 extreme as it was1 in the necessities of their condition was received with a murmur of assent4 ,lawrence and ,drummond1 devoted patriots1 and two of the wealthiest and most enterprising citizens of the town1 evinced their willingness to sacrifice their private means to secure the public good1 by firing their own houses4 ,emulating an example so noble and disinterested1 other citizens followed in their wake4 ,the soldiers1 ever ready for excitement1 joined in the fatal work4 ,a stiff breeze springing up favored their designs1 and soon the devoted town was enveloped in the greedy flames4 ,from the deck of the ,adam and ,eve1 the loyalists witnessed the stern1 uncompromising resolution of the rebels4 ,the sun was just rising1 and his broad1 red disc was met in his morning glory with flames as bright and as intense as his own4 ,the ,palace1 the ,state ,house1 the large ,garter ,tavern1 the long line of stores1 and the ,warehouse1 all in succession were consumed4 ,the old ,church1 the proud old ,church1 where their fathers had worshipped1 was the last to meet its fate4 ,the fire seemed unwilling to attack its sacred walls1 but it was to fall with the rest2 and as the broad sails of the gay vessel were spread to the morning breeze1 which swelled them1 that devoted old ,church was seen in its raiment of fire1 like some old martyr1 hugging the flames which consumed it1 and pointing with its tapering steeple to an avenging ,heaven4 ,,george ,,william ,,bagby4 #ahbhahhc4 ,,dr4 ,,bagby was born in ,buckingham ,county1 ,virginia1 and educated at ,edge ,hill1 ,new ,jersey1 and the ,university of ,pennsylvania4 ,he took his degree in the study of medicine1 and made his residence in ,richmond4 ,he was correspondent for several papers1 wrote some very witty letters under the pen-name of ,mozis ,addums1 and made a reputation as a humorous lecturer4 ,from #ahei to #ahfb he was editor of the ,southern ,literary ,messenger1 ably succeeding ,john ,r4 ,thompson in that position3 and from #ahgj to #ahgh he was ,state ,librarian of ,virginia4 ,his writings are not only witty but wise as well1 and give many interesting aspects of ,southern life and manners4 ,a selection from them has been published by ,mrs4 ,bagby1 under the title ,writings of ,dr4 ,bagby 7#ahhd-f74 ,among them are3 ,my ,uncle ,flatback's ,plantation1 ,meekins's ,twinses1 ,jud4 ,brownin's ,account of ,rubinstein's ,playing1 ,bacon and ,greens1 or the ,true ,virginian1 ,what ,i ,did with my ,fifty ,millions1 a sort of ,utopian ,prophecy4 ,,jud4 ,,brownin',s ,,account ,,of ,,rubinstein',s ,,playing4 ,when he first sot down he 'peared to keer mighty little 'bout playin'1 and wished he hadn't come4 ,he tweedle-leedled a little on the trible1 and twoodle-oodle-oodled some on the bass--just foolin' and boxin' the thing's jaws for bein' in his way4 ,and ,i says to a man settin' next to me1 s',i1 ',what sort of fool playin' is that8' ,and he says1 ',heish6' ,but presently his hands commenced chasin' one 'nother up and down the keys1 like a passel of rats scamperin' through a garret very swift4 ,parts of it was sweet1 though1 and reminded me of a sugar squirrel turnin' the wheel of a candy cage4 ',now1' ,i says to my neighbor1 'he's showing' off4 ,he thinks he's a-doin' of it2 but he ain't got no idee1 no plan of nuthin'4 ,if he'd play me up a tune of some kind or other1 ,i'd'-- ,but my neighbor says1 ',heish6' very impatient4 ,i was just about to git up and go home1 bein' tired of that foolishness1 when ,i heard a little bird wakin' up away off in the woods1 and callin' sleepy-like to his mate1 and ,i looked up and ,i see that ,ruben was beginnin' to take interest in his business1 and ,i set down agin4 ,it was the peep of day4 ,the light come faint from the east1 the breeze blowed gentle and fresh1 some more birds waked up in the orchard1 then some more in the trees near the house1 and all begun singin' together4 ,people begun to stir1 and the gal opened the shutters4 ,just then the first beam of the sun fell upon the blossoms2 a leetle more and it techt the roses on the bushes1 and the next thing it was broad day2 the sun fairly blazed2 the birds sang like they'd split their little throats2 all the leaves was movin'1 and flashin' diamonds of dew1 and the whole wide world was bright and happy as a king4 ,seemed to me like there was a good breakfast in every house in the land1 and not a sick child or woman anywhere4 ,it was a fine mornin'4 ,and ,i says to my neighbor1 'that's music1 that is4' ,but he glared at me like he'd like to cut my throat4 ,presently the wind turned2 it begun to thicken up1 and a kind of gray mist come over things2 ,i got low-spirited d'rectly4 ,then a silver rain began to fall2 ,i could see the drops touch the ground2 some flashed up like long pearl ear-rings2 and the rest rolled away like round rubies4 ,it was pretty1 but melancholy4 ,then the pearls gathered themselves into long strands and necklaces1 and then they melted into thin silver streams running between golden gravels1 and then the streams joined each other at the bottom of the hill1 and made a brook that flowed silent except that you could kinder see the music specially when the bushes on the banks moved as the music went along down the valley4 ,i could smell the flowers in the meadows4 ,but the sun didn't shine1 nor the birds sing2 it was a foggy day1 but not cold4 ,then the sun went down1 it got dark1 the wind moaned and wept like a lost child for its dead mother1 and ,i could a-got up then and there and preached a better sermon than any ,i ever listened to4 ,there wasn't a thing in the world left to live for1 not a blame thing1 and yet ,i didn't want the music to stop one bit4 ,it was happier to be miserable than to be happy without being miserable4 ,i couldn't understand it4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,then1 all of a sudden1 old ,ruben changed his tune4 ,he ripped and he rar'd1 he tipped and he tar'd1 he pranced and he charged like the grand entry at a circus4 ',peared to me like all the gas in the house was turned on at once1 things got so bright1 and ,i hilt up my head1 ready to look any man in the face1 and not afeared of nothin'4 ,it was a circus1 and a brass band1 and a big ball1 all goin' on at the same time4 ,he lit into them keys like a thousand of brick1 he gave 'em no rest1 day nor night2 he set every living joint in me agoin'1 and not bein' able to stand it no longer1 ,i jumpt spang onto my seat1 and jest hollered3 ',go it1 my ,rube6' ,every blamed man1 woman1 and child in the house riz on me1 and shouted ',put him out6 ,put him out6' ,with that some several p'licemen run up1 and ,i had to simmer down4 ,but ,i would a fit any fool that laid hands on me1 for ,i was bound to hear ,ruby out or die4 ,he had changed his tune agin4 ,he hopt-light ladies and tip-toed fine from eend to eend of the key-board4 ,he played soft1 and low1 and solemn4 ,i heard the church bells over the hills4 ,the candles in heaven was lit1 one by one4 ,i saw the stars rise4 ,the great organ of eternity began to play from the world's end to the world's end1 and all the angels went to prayers4 ,then the music changed to water1 full of feeling that couldn't be thought1 and began to drop--drip1 drop1 drip1 drop--clear and sweet1 like tears of joy fallin' into a lake of glory4 ,he stopt a minute or two1 to fetch breath4 ,then he got mad4 ,he run his fingers through his hair1 he shoved up his sleeves1 he opened his coat-tails a leetle further1 he drug up his stool1 he leaned over1 and1 sir1 he just went for that old pianner4 ,he slapt her face1 he boxed her jaws1 he pulled her nose1 he pinched her ears1 and he scratched her cheeks1 till she farly yelled4 ,he knockt her down and he stompt on her shameful4 ,she bellowed like a bull1 she bleated like a calf1 she howled like a hound1 she squealed like a pig1 she shrieked like a rat1 and then he wouldn't let her up4 ,he run a quarter-stretch down the low grounds of the bass1 till he got clean into the bowels of the earth1 and you heard thunder galloping after thunder1 through the hollows and caves of perdition2 and then he fox-chased his right hand with his left till he got away out of the trible into the clouds1 whar the notes was finer than the pints of cambric needles1 and you couldn't hear nothin' but the shadders of 'em4 ,and then he wouldn't let the old pianner go4 ,he fetchet up his right wing1 he fetcht up his left wing1 he fetcht up his center1 he fetcht up his reserves4 ,he fired by file1 he fired by platoons1 by company1 by regiments1 and by brigades4 ,he opened his cannon1 siege-guns down thar1 ,napoleons here1 twelve-pounders yonder1 big guns1 little guns1 middle-sized guns1 round shot1 shell1 shrapnel1 grape1 canister1 mortars1 mines1 and magazines1 every livin' battery and bomb a goin' at the same time4 ,the house trembled1 the lights danced1 the walls shuk1 the floor come up1 the ceilin' come down1 the sky split1 the ground rockt--,,bang6 ,with that bang6 he lifted hisself bodily into the ar'1 and he come down with his knees1 his ten fingers1 his ten toes1 his elbows1 and his nose1 strikin' every single solitary key on that pianner at the same time4 ,the thing busted and went off into seventeen hundred and fifty-seven thousand five hundred and forty-two hemi-demi-semi-quivers1 and ,i know'd no mo'4 ,,sarah ,,anne ,,dorsey4 #ahbiahgi4 ,,mrs4 ,,dorsey1 daughter of ,thomas ,g4 ,p4 ,ellis1 was born at ,natchez1 ,mississippi1 and was a niece of ,mrs4 ,catherine ,warfield who left to her many of her unpublished manuscripts4 ,she was finely educated and travelled extensively4 ,in #ahec she was married to ,mr4 ,samuel ,w4 ,dorsey of ,tensas ,parish1 ,louisiana4 ,here she found scope for her energies in the duties of plantation life4 ,she established a chapel and school for the slaves1 and her account of the success of her plans gained her the title of ,filia ,ecclesiae from the ,churchman4 ,she afterwards used ,filia as a pen-name4 ,illustration3 ,university of ,mississippi1 ,university ,p4 ,o41 ,miss4 ,their home being destroyed during the war in a skirmish which took place in their garden1 and in which several men were killed1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,dorsey removed to ,texas4 ,they afterwards returned to ,louisiana2 and in #ahge1 upon the death of ,mr4 ,dorsey1 ,mrs4 ,dorsey made her home at ,beauvoir1 her place in ,mississippi4 ,here she spent her time in writing1 and also acted as amanuensis to ,jefferson ,davis in his great work1 ,rise and ,fall of the ,confederacy4 ,at her death1 which occurred at ,new ,orleans1 whither she had gone for treatment1 she left ,beauvoir by will to ,mr4 ,davis and his daughter ,winnie4 ,her ,life of ,allen is of great historical and biographical merit4 ,,works4 ,recollections of ,henry ,watkins ,allen1 of ,louisiana4 ,lucia ,dare1 novel4 ,atalie1 or a ,southern ,villeggiatura4 ,agnes ,graham1 novel4 ,panola1 a ,tale of ,louisiana4 ,a ,,confederate ,,exile ,,on ,,his ,,way ,,to ,,mexico1 #ahff4 7,from ,recollections of ,henry ,w4 ,allen1 ,ex-,gov4 of ,louisiana4#bf7 ,the people wept over ,allen's departure4 ,they followed him with tears and blessings1 and would have forced on him more substantial tokens of regard than words of regret4 ,they knew he had no money--his noble estates had long been in possession of the enemy2 hundreds of hogsheads of sugar had been carried off from his plundered sugar-houses2 his house was burned1 his plantation1 a wide waste of fallow-fields1 grown up in weeds4 ,he had nothing but ,confederate and ,state money4 ,one gentleman begged him to accept #e1jjj1 in gold1 as a loan1 since he refused it as a gift4 ,allen accepted five hundred4 ,with this small amount1 his ambulance and riding-horses1 he started to ,mexico4 ,his journey through ,texas was a complete ovation1 instead of a hegira4 ,everybody1 rich and poor1 vied with each other in offering him attention and the most eager hospitality4 ,the roof was deemed honored that sheltered his head for the night4 ,he stopped at ,crockett1 to say goodbye4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,this conversation occurred whilst we were returning from a visit to ,gov4 ,moore's family4 ,i had driven over to their cottage in a buggy1 to invite them to join us at dinner4 ,allen had accompanied me4 4 4 4 ,these exiles were personal friends of mine4 ,i suffered in parting with them3 for some ,i suffer still--for those who are still absent and still living6 ,everything was very quiet and still1 nothing audible but the low murmur of our voices1 when suddenly arose from the prairie beyond us1 one of the beautiful1 plaintive1 cattle or salt songs of ,texas4 ,these wild simple melodies had a great attraction for me4 ,i would often check my horse on the prairies1 and keep him motionless for a half-hour1 listening to these sweet1 melancholy strains4 ,like all cattle-calls1 they are chiefly minor4 ,i thought them quite as singular and beautiful as the ,swiss ,ranz des ,vaches1 or the ,swedish cattle-calls4 ,they consisted of a few chanted words1 with a cadence and a long yodl4 ,sometimes the yodling was aided by what the ,texan boys called quills--two or more pipes made of reed--cane 7arundinaria macrosperma74 ,this made a sort of limited syrinx1 which gave wonderful softness and flute-like clearness to the prolonged tones of the voice1 as it was breathed into them4 ,the boy sang one of his saddest calls4 ,i looked quickly to see if ,gov4 ,allen had noticed the melancholy words and mournful air4 ,i saw he had4 ,he ceased talking1 and his face was very grave4 ,the boy sang3 ,going away to leave you1 ,ah-a-a-a-- ,going away to leave you1 ,ah-a-a-a-- ,going away to-morrow1 ,ah-a-a-a-- ,going away to-morrow1 ,ah-a-a-a-- ,never more to see you1 ,ah-a-a-a-- ,never more to see you1 ,ah a-a-a4 ,music3 ,go-ing a-way1 ,go-ing a-way1 ,going a-way to leave you1 ,ah-a-a-a4 ,going a-way to leave you1 ,ah-a-a4 ,this had always been an affecting strain to me2 it was doubly so under the existing circumstances4 ,the song died mournfully away4 ,we drove on in silence for a few moments4 ,gov4 ,allen roused himself1 with a sigh3 ,that boy's song is very sad4 ,yes1 but he sings it very frequently4 ,he knows nothing about you4 ,it is neither a prophecy nor intended to be sympathetic1--you need not make special application of it6 ,no2 but it may prove a strange coincidence4 ,you shan't say that4 ,i won't listen to such a thought4 ,you'll only spend a pleasant summer travelling in ,mexico4 ,we'll see you at the opera in ,new ,orleans1 next winter4 ,i hope so4 ,our conversation reverted now to past years4 ,allen spoke of his early friends among my relatives2 of his whole career in ,louisiana2 of his wife1 with tenderness1--she had died in #ahej1 of her beauty and her love for him4 ,his future was so uncertain--that he scarcely alluded to that--never with any hopefulness4 ,it was only in the past that he seemed to find repose of spirit4 ,the present was too sad1 the future too shadowy for any discussion of either 4 4 4 ,during this last visit1 ,i never renewed my arguments against his quitting the country4 ,i had already said and written all that ,i had to say on that subject 4 4 4 4 4 ,besides1 our minds were in such a confused state1 we scarcely knew what any of us had to expect from the victorious party1 or what would become of our whole people4 ,so that in urging him not to leave ,louisiana1 ,i argued more from instinct1 which revolted at anything like an abandonment of a post of duty1 and from a temperament which always sought rather to advance to meet and defy danger1 than to turn and avoid it1 than from any well-grounded assurance or hope of security for him1 or any one else4 ,i felt more anxiety for his reputation1 for his fame1 than for his life and freedom4 ,his natural instincts would have induced similar views2 but his judgment and feelings were overpowered by the reasonings and entreaties of his friends4 ,,footnote3 #bf ,by permission of ,j4 ,a4 ,gresham1 ,new ,orleans4 ,,henry ,,timrod4 #ahbiahfg4 ,illustration3 ,university of ,state of ,missouri1 ,columbia1 ,mo4 ,,henry ,,timrod was born in ,charleston1 the son of ,william ,henry ,timrod1 who was himself a poet1 and who in his youth voluntarily apprenticed himself to a book-binder in order to have plenty of books to read4 ,his son ,henry1 the blue-eyed ,harry of the father's poem studied law with the distinguished ,james ,louis ,petigru1 but never practiced and soon gave it up to prepare himself for a teacher4 ,he spent ten years as private tutor in families1 writing at the same time4 ,some of his poems are found in the ,southern ,literary ,messenger with the signature ,aglas4 ,his vacations were spent in ,charleston1 where he was one of the coterie of young writers whom ,william ,gilmore ,simms1 like a literary ,nestor1 gathered about him in his hospitable home4 ,his schoolmate1 ,paul ,hamilton ,hayne1 was one of these1 and their early friendship grew stronger with the passing years4 ,in #ahfj1 ,timrod removed to ,columbia1 published a volume of poems which were well received ,north and ,south1 and undertook editorial work4 ,life seemed fair before him4 ,but ill-health and the war which destroyed his property and blighted his career1 soon darkened all his prospects1 and after a brave struggle with poverty and sickness1 he died of pneumonia4 ,his poems are singularly free from sadness and bitterness4 ,they have been collected and published with a sketch of his life by his friend1 ,paul ,hamilton ,hayne4 ,,works4 ,poems4#bg ,prose ,articles in the ,south ,carolinian4 ,of all our poets none stands higher than ,henry ,timrod4 ,his singing is true and musical1 and his thoughts are pure and noble4 ,a tardy recognition seems at last coming to bless his memory1 and his poems are in demand4 ,one copy of his little volume recently commanded the price of ten dollars4 ,,sonnet4 ,life ever seems as from its present site ,it aimed to lure us4 ,mountains of the past ,it melts1 with all their crags and caverns vast1 ,into a purple cloud6 ,across the night ,which hides what is to be1 it shoots a light ,all rosy with the yet unrisen dawn4 ,not the near daisies1 but yon distant height ,attracts us1 lying on this emerald lawn4 ,and always1 be the landscape what it may-- ,blue1 misty hill1 or sweep of glimmering plain-- ,it is the eye's endeavor still to gain ,the fine1 faint limit of the bounding day4 ,god1 haply1 in this mystic mode1 would fain ,hint of a happier home1 far1 far away6 ,,english ,,katie4 7,from ,katie47 ,it may be through some foreign grace1 ,and unfamiliar charm of face2 ,it may be that across the foam ,which bore her from her childhood's home ,by some strange spell1 my ,katie brought1 ,along with ,english creeds and thought-- ,entangled in her golden hair-- ,some ,english sunshine1 warmth1 and air6 ,i cannot tell1--but here to-day1 ,a thousand billowy leagues away ,from that green isle whose twilight skies ,no darker are than ,katie's eyes1 ,she seems to me1 go where she will1 ,an ,english girl in ,england still6 ,i meet her on the dusty street1 ,and daisies spring about her feet2 ,or1 touched to life beneath her tread1 ,an ,english cowslip lifts its head2 ,and1 as to do her grace1 rise up ,the primrose and the buttercup6 ,i roam with her through fields of cane1 ,and seem to stroll an ,english lane1 ,which1 white with blossoms of the ,may1 ,spreads its green carpet in her way6 ,as fancy wills1 the path beneath ,is golden gorse1 or purple heath3 ,and now we hear in woodlands dim ,their unarticulated hymn1 ,now walk through rippling waves of wheat1 ,now sink in mats of clover sweet1 ,or see before us from the lawn ,the lark go up to greet the dawn6 ,all birds that love the ,english sky ,throng round my path when she is by3 ,the blackbird from a neighboring thorn ,with music brims the cup of morn1 ,and in a thick1 melodious rain ,the mavis pours her mellow strain6 ,but only when my ,katie's voice ,makes all the listening woods rejoice1 ,i hear--with cheeks that flush and pale-- ,the passion of the nightingale6 ,,hymn ,,sung ,,at ,,the ,,consecration ,,of ,,magnolia ,,cemetery1 ,,charleston1 ,s4 ,c4 ,whose was the hand that painted thee1 ,o ,death6 ,in the false aspect of a ruthless foe1 ,despair and sorrow waiting on thy breath1-- ,o gentle ,power6 who could have wronged thee so8 ,thou rather should'st be crowned with fadeless flowers1 ,of lasting fragrance and celestial hue2 ,or be thy couch amid funereal bowers1 ,but let the stars and sunlight sparkle through4 ,so1 with these thoughts before us1 we have fixed ,and beautified1 ,o ,death6 thy mansion here1 ,where gloom and gladness--grave and garden--mixed1 ,make it a place to love1 and not to fear4 ,heaven6 shed thy most propitious dews around6 ,ye holy stars6 look down with tender eyes1 ,and gild and guard and consecrate the ground ,where we may rest1 and whence we pray to rise4 ,,footnote3 #bg ,the following extracts are made by permission of ,mr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,hale1 formerly of ,e4 ,j4 ,hale ,son4 ,,paul ,,hamilton ,,hayne4 #ahcjahhf4 ,,paul ,,hamilton ,,hayne has been justly called the ,laureate of the ,south4 ,he was born at ,charleston1 and being left an orphan by the death of his father1 ,lieutenant ,hayne of the ,navy1 he was reared and educated by his uncle1 ,robert ,young ,hayne4 ,his fortune was ample1 but he studied law although he never practised4 ,he became editor of ,russell's ,magazine and a contributor to the ,southern ,literary ,messenger4 ,his genius and lovely nature made him a favorite with all of his companions1 among whom were notably ,william ,gilmore ,simms and ,henry ,timrod4 ,during the ,civil ,war1 he served in the ,confederate ,army2 his entire property1 the inheritance of several generations1 was destroyed in the bombardment of ,charleston4 ,from #ahfe till his death he resided at ,copse ,hill1 a small cottage home in the pine hills near ,augusta1 ,georgia1 keeping the wolf from the door only by the point of his pen1 dearly honored and loved by all who knew him or his poems4 ,his son1 ,william ,h4 ,hayne1 is also a poet of much ability1 and has published a volume of ,sylvan ,lyrics4 ,,works4 ,poems containing ,sonnets ,avolio ,lyrics ,mountain of the ,lovers4 ,preceded by a ,sketch of the ,poet by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,j4 ,preston 7#ahhb74 ,life of ,robert ,young ,hayne 7#ahgh74 ,life of ,hugh ,swinton ,legar 7#ahgh74 ,illustration3 ,university of ,texas 7,main ,building71 ,austin1 ,texas4 ,there is no poet in ,america who has written more lovingly or discriminatingly about nature in her ever varying aspects4 ,we are sure that in his loyal allegiance to her1 he is not a whit behind ,wordsworth1 and we do not hesitate to say that he has often a grace that the old ,lake-poet lacks4--,mrs4 ,preston4 ,hayne has the lyric gift1 and his shorter poems have a ring and richness that recall the glories of the ,elizabethan period2 4 4 4 each shows the same careful and artistic workmanship4--,collier4 ,,the ,,mocking-,,bird4 7,at ,night47 7,from ,poems1 #ahhb4bh7 ,a golden pallor of voluptuous light ,filled the warm southern night2 ,the moon1 clear orbed1 above the sylvan scene ,moved like a stately ,queen1 ,so rife with conscious beauty all the while1 ,what could she do but smile ,at her own perfect loveliness below1 ,glassed in the tranquil flow ,of crystal fountains and unruffled streams8 ,half lost in waking dreams1 ,as down the loneliest forest dell ,i strayed1 ,lo6 from a neighboring glade1 ,flashed through the drifts of moonshine1 swiftly came ,a fairy shape of flame4 ,it rose in dazzling spirals overhead1 ,whence1 to wild sweetness wed1 ,poured marvellous melodies1 silvery trill on trill2 ,the very leaves grew still ,on the charmed trees to hearken2 while1 for me1 ,heart-thrilled to ecstasy1 ,i followed--followed the bright shape that flew1 ,still circling up the blue1 ,till1 as a fountain that has reached its height ,falls back in sprays of light ,slowly dissolved1 so that enrapturing lay1 ,divinely melts away ,through tremulous spaces to a music-mist1 ,soon by the fitful breeze ,how gently kissed ,into remote and tender silences4 ,,sonnet4--,,october4 ,the passionate summer's dead6 the sky's aglow ,with roseate flushes of matured desire1 ,the winds at eve are musical and low1 ,as sweeping chords of a lamenting lyre1 ,far up among the pillared clouds of fire1 ,whose pomp of strange procession upward rolls1 ,with gorgeous blazonry of pictured scrolls1 ,to celebrate the summer's past renown2 ,ah1 me6 how regally the heavens look down1 ,o'ershadowing beautiful autumnal woods ,and harvest fields with hoarded increase brown1 ,and deep-toned majesty of golden floods1 ,that raise their solemn dirges to the sky1 ,to swell the purple pomp that floateth by4 ,a ,,dream ,,of ,,the ,,south ,,wind4 ,o fresh1 how fresh and fair ,through the crystal gulfs of air1 ,the fairy ,south ,wind floateth on her subtle wings of balm6 ,and the green earth lapped in bliss1 ,to the magic of her kiss ,seems yearning upward fondly through the golden-crested calm4 ,from the distant ,tropic strand ,where the billows1 bright and bland1 ,go creeping1 curling round the palms with sweet1 faint undertune2 ,from its fields of purpling flowers ,still wet with fragrant showers1 ,the happy ,south ,wind lingering sweeps the royal blooms of ,june4 ,all heavenly fancies rise ,on the perfume of her sighs1 ,which steep the inmost spirit in a languor rare and fine1 ,and a peace more pure than sleep's ,unto dim half-conscious deeps1 ,transports me1 lulled and dreaming1 on its twilight tides divine4 ,those dreams6 ah1 me6 the splendor1 ,so mystical and tender1 ,wherewith like soft heat lightnings they gird their meaning round1 ,and those waters1 calling1 calling1 ,with a nameless charm enthralling1 ,like the ghost of music melting on a rainbow spray of sound6 ,touch1 touch me not1 nor wake me1 ,lest grosser thoughts o'ertake me2 ,from earth receding faintly with her dreary din and jars-- ,what viewless arms caress me8 ,what whispered voices bless me1 ,with welcomes dropping dew-like from the weird and wondrous stars8 ,alas6 dim1 dim1 and dimmer ,grows the preternatural glimmer ,of that trance the ,south ,wind brought me on her subtle wings of balm1 ,for behold6 its spirit flieth1 ,and its fairy murmur dieth1 ,and the silence closing round me is a dull and soulless calm6 ,,footnote3 #bh ,by permission of the ,lothrop ,publishing ,co41 ,boston2 as also the others following4 ,,john ,,esten ,,cooke4 #ahcjahhf4 ,,john ,,esten ,,cooke was born at ,winchester1 ,virginia1 a younger brother of ,philip ,pendleton ,cooke and son of the eminent jurist1 ,john ,rogers ,cooke1 under whom he made his law studies4 ,he seemed1 however1 to prefer literature to law1 and when he was twenty-four he had already published several works4 ,among them was ,virginia ,comedians1 a novel of great interest and greater promise4 ,in #ahfa he entered the ,confederate service as one of ,general ,t4 ,j4 ,jackson's staff1 was transferred to that of ,general ,j4 ,e4 ,b4 ,stuart at the death of ,jackson in #ahfc2 and after ,stuart's death1 he was ,inspector-,general of the horse artillery of the ,army of ,northern ,virginia till the close of the war4 ,his novels deal with the life and history of ,virginia1 the best known of them being ,surry of ,eagle's ,nest1 which is said to be partly autobiographical4 ,they hold well the popular favor4 ,his ,stories of the ,old ,dominion are specially interesting to ,virginians4 ,,works4 ,leather ,stocking and ,silk4 ,virginia ,comedians4 ,last of the ,foresters4 ,life of ,stonewall ,jackson4 ,surry of ,eagle's ,nest4 ,mohun1 or the ,last ,days of ,lee and his ,paladins4 ,out of the ,foam4 ,heir of ,gaymount4 ,dr4 ,vandyke4 ,pretty ,mrs4 ,gaston1 and other ,stories4 ,professor ,pressensee4 ,virginia ,bohemians4 ,virginia3 a ,history of the ,people4 ,maurice ,mystery4 ,youth of ,jefferson4 ,ellie4 ,henry ,st4 ,john1 ,gentleman1 sequel to ,virginia ,comedians4 ,wearing of the ,gray4 ,fairfax1 or ,greenway ,court4 ,hilt to ,hilt4 ,hammer and ,rapier ,grant and ,lee4 ,life of ,r4 ,e4 ,lee4 ,her ,majesty the ,queen4 ,canolles4 ,mr4 ,grantley's ,idea4 ,stories of the ,old ,dominion4 ,my ,lady ,pokahontas4 ,,the ,,races ,,in ,,virginia1 #agfe4 7,from ,virginia ,comedians4#bi7 ,the races6 ,that word always produces a strong effect upon men in the ,south2 and when the day fixed upon for the ,jamestown races comes1 the country is alive for miles around with persons of all classes and descriptions4 ,as the hour of noon approaches1 the ground swarms with every species of the genus homo2 ,williamsburg and the sea-faring village of ,jamestown turn out en masse1 and leave all occupations for the exciting turf4 ,as the day draws on the crowd becomes more dense4 ,the splendid chariots of the gentry roll up to the stand1 and group themselves around it1 in a position to overlook the race-course1 and through the wide windows are seen the sparkling eyes and powdered locks1 and diamonds and gay silk and velvet dresses of those fair dames who lent such richness and picturesque beauty to the old days dead now so long ago in the far past4 ,the fine-looking old planters too are decked in their holiday suits1 their powdered hair is tied into queues behind with neat black ribbon1 and they descend and mingle with their neighbors1 and discuss the coming festival4 ,gay youths1 in rich brilliant dresses1 caracole up to the carriages on fiery steeds1 to display their horsemanship1 and exchange compliments with their friends1 and make pretty speeches1 which are received by the bright-eyed damsels with little ogles1 and flirts of their variegated fans1 and rapturous delight4 ,meanwhile the crowd grows each moment1 as the flood pours in from the north1 the south1 the east1 the west--from every point of the compass1 and in every species of vehicle4 ,there are gay parties of the yeomen and their wives and daughters1 in carryalls and wagons filled with straw1 upon which chairs are placed3 there are rollicking fast men--if we may use a word becoming customary in our own day--who whirl in1 in their curricles3 there are barouches and chairs1 spring wagons and carts1 all full1 approaching in every way from a sober walk to a furious headlong dash1 all going to the races4 ,there are horsemen who lean forward1 horsemen who lean back2 furious1 excited horsemen urging their steeds with whip and spur2 cool1 quiet horsemen1 who ride erect and slowly2 there are1 besides1 pedestrians of every class and appearance1 old and young1 male and female1 black and white--all going to the races4 ,the hour at last arrives1 and a horn sounding from the judges' stand1 the horses are led out in their blankets and head-coverings1 and walked up and down before the crowd by their trainers1 who are for the most part old gray-headed negroes1 born and raised1 to the best of their recollection1 on the turf4 ,the riders are noble scions of the same ancient stock1 and average three feet and a half in height1 and twenty pounds in weight4 ,they are clad in ornamental garments2 wear little close-fitting caps2 and while they are waiting1 sit huddled up in the grass1 sucking their thumbs1 and talking confidentially about them there hosses4 ,let us look at the objects of their attention2 they are well worth it4 ,mr4 ,howard enters the bay horse ,sir ,archy1 out of ,flying ,dick1 by ,roderick4 ,mr4 ,james enters ,fair ,anna1 a white mare1 dam ,virginia1 sire ,belgrave4 ,captain ,waters enters the ,arabian horse ,selim1 descended in a direct line1 he is informed1 from ,al-borak1 who carried the prophet ,mahomet up to heaven--though this pedigree is not vouched for4 ,the said pedigree is open to the inspection of all comers4 ,note--,that it is written in ,arabic4 ,there are other entries1 but not much attention is paid to them4 ,the race will be between ,sir ,archy and ,fair ,anna1 and perhaps the outlandish horse will not be distanced4 ,prepare the horses6 comes from the judges' stand opposite4 ,captain ,ralph ,waters leaves the ladies with a gallant bow1 and pushes his way through the swaying and excited crowd1 toward the spot where the animals are being saddled4 ,a tremendous hurly-burly reigns there2 men of all classes1 boys1 negroes1 gentlemen1 indented servants1--all are betting with intense interest4 ,the dignified grooms endeavor to keep back the crowd3--the owners of the horses give their orders to the microscopic monkeys who are to ride4 4 4 4 4 4 ,the riders are raised by one leg into the saddles2 they gather up the reins2 the drum taps2 they are off like lightning4 ,the course is a mile in circumference1 and they go round it before the excited crowd can look at them a dozen times4 ,they whirl past the stand1 and push on again4 ,sir ,archy leads2 ,fair ,anna trails on a hard rein2 the ,arabian is two lengths behind2 but he is not running4 ,they thunder up the quarter stretch3 ,sir ,archy is bounding1 like some diabolical monster1 far before his companions1 spite of his owner's cries2 the ,arabian has come up and locks the mare2 they run neck and neck4 ,sir ,archy whirls past the stand1 and wins by a hundred yards4 ,the immense crowd utters a shout that shakes the surrounding forest4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,the horses are again enveloped in their hoods and blankets4 ,captain ,ralph returns to the ,riverhead carriage1 that of the ,lees1 in which were ,miss ,henrietta ,lee and her sister ,clare4 ,any more betting1 sir8 says ,miss ,henrietta1 satirically4 ,who1 ,i8 ,yes1 sir4 ,assuredly6 says the ,captain2 do not think1 chere ma'm'selle1 that ,i am very much cast down4 ,i am so far from that1 ,i assure you1 that ,i am ready to take the field again4 ,well1 sir4 ,then you will bet again1 madam8 ,yes1 indeed4 ,bien6 ,i now stake all that is left me in the world--though not quite4 ,i stake my horse1 ,selim1 against the curl and the pair of gloves you wear1 with the knot of ribbons at your girdle thrown in--all upon the final issue4 ,henrietta blushes2 for1 however common such gallant proposals were at that day1 she cannot misunderstand the meaning of the soldier's glance1 and reddens beneath it4 ,that would be unfair1 sir4 ,not so1 my dear madam1 for are you not sure to lose8 ,to lose8 ,yes1 indeed4 ,no1 sir2 ,i am sure to win4 ,bah6 you ladies have such a delicious little confidence in the things you patronize1 that it is really astonishing4 ,you think ,sir ,archy will beat ,selim8 ,pshaw6 you know nothing about it4 ,this piques madam ,henrietta1 and she smiles satirically again as she says3 ,well1 sir1 ,i do not want your pretty horse--but if you insist1 why1 ,i cannot retreat4 ,i shall1 at least1 have the pleasure of returning him to his master4 ,the ,captain shakes his head4 ,a bet upon such terms is no bet at all1 my dearest madam1 he says1 for1 ,i assure you1 if ,i win1 you will return home curl-less1 glove-less1 and ribbon-less4 ,all is fair in war--and love4 ,with which words1 ,captain ,ralph darts a martial ogle at his companion4 ,this piques her more than ever4 ,well1 sir1 she replies1 if you are determined1 have your desire4 ,good6 cries the ,captain1 we are just in time4 ,there is the horse4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,and1 with another gallant bow1 the ,captain rides away towards the horses4 4 4 4 ,the boys are again instructed much after the same fashion3 the signal is given in the midst of breathless suspense1 and the horses dart from their places4 ,they dart around1 ,sir ,archy again leading3 but this position he does not hold throughout the first mile3 he gradually falls behind1 and when they pass the winning-post he is fifty yards in the rear4 ,his owner tears his hair1 but the crowd do not see him--they flush and shout4 ,the second mile is between ,fair ,anna and the ,arabian1 and they lock in the middle of it2 but the ,arabian gradually takes the lead1 and when they flash up to the stand he is ten yards ahead4 ,sir ,archy is distanced and withdrawn4 ,it would be impossible to describe the excitement of the crowd3--the tremendous effect produced upon them by this reversal of all their hopes and expectations4 ,they roll about like waves1 they shout1 they curse1 they rumble and groan like a stormy sea4 ,the horses are the objects of every one's attention4 ,their condition will go far to indicate the final result--and ,sir ,archy being led away and withdrawn1 the race now will be between ,fair ,anna and the ,arabian4 ,mr4 ,james looks more solemn than ever1 and all eyes are turned upon him4 ,captain ,waters is not visible--he is yonder1 conversing with the ladies4 ,but the horses6 ,fair ,anna pants and breathes heavily3 her coat is drenched more completely than before with perspiration2 her mouth foams2 she tosses her head2 when the rake is applied to her back a shower falls4 ,the ,arabian is wet all over too2 but he breathes regularly2 his eye is bright and his head calm4 ,he has commenced running4 ,the first intention of ,mr4 ,james is to give up the race1 but his pride will not let him4 ,he utters an oath1 and gives renewed instructions to his rider4 ,these instructions are to whip and spur--to take the lead and keep it1 from the start4 ,the moment for the final struggle arrives1 and ,captain ,ralph merely says1 ,rein free6 ,the boys mount--the crowd opens2 the drum taps and the animals are off like lightning4 ,fair ,anna feels that all her previous reputation is at stake1 and flies like a deer4 ,she passes around the first mile like a flash of white light2 but the ,arabian is beside her4 ,for a quarter of a mile thereafter they run neck and neck--the rider of fair ,anna lashes and spurs desperately4 ,they come up to the quarter-stretch in the last mile at supernatural speed3--the spectators rise on their toes and shout3--two shadows pass them like the shadows of darting hawks3--the mare barely saves her distance and the ,arabian has triumphed4 ,if we could not describe the excitement after the second heat1 what possibility is there that we could convey an idea of the raging and surging pandemonium which the crowd now came to resemble8 ,furious cries--shouts--curses--applause--laughte r--and the rattle of coin leaving unwilling hands are some of the sounds4 ,but here we must give up3--as no mere pen can describe the raging of a great mass of water lashed by an angry wind into foam and whistling spray and muttering waves1 which rise and fall and crash incessantly1 so we cannot trace the outline of the wildly excited crowd4 ,afterwards come contests with the quarter-staff1 a wrestling match1 running matches1 a contest of singing among a dozen blushing maidens1 and of fiddling among twenty bold musicians3 and the day is wound up with a great banquet4 ,,footnote3 #bi ,by permission of ,d4 ,appleton and ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,,zebulon ,,baird ,,vance4 #ahcjahid4 ,,zebulon ,,baird ,,vance was born in ,buncombe ,county1 ,north ,carolina1 and was educated at ,washington ,college1 ,tennessee1 and at the ,university of ,north ,carolina4 ,he studied law and began its practice in ,asheville4 ,he was soon elected to the ,state ,legislature and to ,congress2 and from #ahed to his death was continuously in public life except just after the war4 ,his wit and eloquence made him a great favorite both on the stump and in ,congress1 and the influence he wielded in his state was unbounded4 ,he was opposed to secession1 but joined his state in her decision and became colonel of the #bfth ,north ,carolina ,regiment1 one of the best of the army4 ,in #ahfb he was elected governor of the ,state and was so active and enterprising in getting aid by sea for the cause that he was called the ,war ,governor of the ,south4 ,he was in favor of considering the negotiations for peace in #ahfc1 but he neglected no measures to insure the success of the ,confederacy4 ,in #ahfe he was held a prisoner of war for a few weeks in ,washington4 ,illustration3 ,state ,capitol of ,north ,carolina4 ,his political disabilities were not removed till #ahgb2 in #ahgf he was elected governor of ,north ,carolina1 and in #ahgi1 ,united ,states ,senator1 having been elected and his seat refused him in #ahgj4 ,his death occurred in ,washington ,city1 and he is buried in ,asheville4 ,his ,state is now preparing to erect a monument expressing her honor and devotion to her illustrious son4 ,,works4 ,speeches3 7in ,congress and on ,public ,occasions47 ,,changes ,,wrought ,,by ,,the ,,war4 7,from ,all ,about it--an address before the young men of ,raleigh1 ,n4 ,c42 published in ,land ,we ,love ,january1 #ahfg47 ,virginia to the north of us was settled by ,english ,cavaliers2 ,south ,carolina1 mainly by ,french ,huguenots1 both among the noblest stocks of ,western ,europe4 ,north ,carolina1 with but a slight infusion of each1 was settled by a sturdier--and in some respects--a better race than either4 ,she was emphatically the offspring of religious and political persecution1 and the vital stream of her infant life was of ,scotch-,irish origin4 ,a cross of those two noble races has produced a breed of men as renowned for great deeds and modest worth as perhaps any other in this world4 ,two instances will suffice for this4 ,perhaps the most manly and glorious feat of arms in modern times was the defence of ,londonderry1 as the boldest and most remarkable state paper was the ,mecklenburg ,declaration of ,independence4 ,both were the work mainly of men such as settled ,north ,carolina4 ,the ,country ,gentlemen4--,perhaps one of the most remarkable changes which we may expect1 is one that will soon be apparent on the face of our country society4 ,the abolition of slavery will do wonders here4 ,it puts an end to the reign of those lordly-landed proprietors1 planters1 and farmers1 who constituted so striking and so pleasant a feature in our rural population4 ,no longer the masters of hundreds of slaves wherewith to cultivate their thousands of acres1 the general cheapness of lands in the ,south will prevent their forming around them a system of dependent tenantry1 since every industrious man will be able to plough his own farm4 ,they will therefore gradually sell off their paternal acres1 no longer within the scope of prudent management1 and seek homes in the towns and villages1 or contract their establishments to their means and altered condition4 ,agriculture will then pass gradually into the hands of small farmers1 and the great farms will forever disappear4 ,i can scarcely imagine it possible for any one to view the steady disappearance of the race of ,southern country gentlemen without genuine sorrow 4 4 4 the high-toned1 educated1 chivalrous1 intelligent1 and hospitable ,southern gentlemen1 of whom each one who hears me has at least a dozen in his mind's eye in ,virginia and the ,carolinas3 whose broad fields were cultivated by their own faithful and devoted slaves1 whose rudely splendid mansions stand where their fathers reared them1 among the oaks and the pines which greeted the canoe of ,john ,smith1 welcomed the ships of ,raleigh1 and sheltered the wild cavaliers of ,de ,soto2 whose hall doors stood wide open1 and were never shut except against a retreating guest2#cj whose cellar and table abounded with the richest products of the richest lands in the world1 and whose hospitality was yet unstained by unrefined excess2 whose parlors and fire-sides were adorned by a courtly female grace which might vie with any that ever lighted and blessed the home of man2 whose hands were taught from infancy to fly open to every generous and charitable appeal1 and whose minds were inured to all self-respect and toleration1 and whose strong brains were sudden death to humbuggery1 all the isms1 and the whole family of mean and pestilential fanaticism4 ,the ,negroes4--,there is also a great change at hand for the negro4 4 4 ,who that knew him as a contented1 well-treated slave1 did not learn to love and admire the negro character8 ,i1 for one1 confess to almost an enthusiasm on the subject4 ,the cheerful ring of their songs at their daily tasks1 their love for their masters and their families1 their politeness and good manners1 their easily bought but sincere gratitude1 their deep-seated aristocracy--for your genuine negro was a terrible aristocrat1--their pride in their own and their master's dignity1 together with their overflowing and never-failing animal spirits1 both during hours of labor and leisure1 altogether1 made up an aggregation of joyous simplicity and fidelity--when not perverted by harsh treatment--that to me was irresistible6 ,a remembrance of the seasons spent among them will perish only with life4 ,from the time of the ingathering of the crops1 until after the ushering in of the new year1 was wont to be with them a season of greater joy and festivity than with any other people on earth1 of whom it has been my lot to hear4 ,in the glorious ,november nights of our beneficent clime1 after the first frosts had given a bracing sharpness and a ringing clearness to the air1 and lent that transparent blue to the heavens through which the stars gleam like globes of sapphire1 when ,i have seen a hundred or more of them around the swelling piles of corn1 and heard their tuneful voices ringing with the chorus of some wild refrain1 ,i have thought ,i would rather far listen to them than to any music ever sung to mortal ears2 for it was the outpouring of the hearts of happy and contented men1 rejoicing over the abundance which rewarded the labor of the closing year6 ,and the listening1 too1 has many a time and oft filled my bosom with emotions1 and opened my heart with charity and love toward this subject and dependent race1 such as no oratory1 no rhetoric or minstrelsy in all this wide earth could impart6 ,nature ceased almost to feel fatigue in the joyous scenes which followed4 ,the fiddle and the banjo1 animated as it would seem like living things1 literally knew no rest1 night or day2 while ,terpichore covered her face in absolute despair in the presence of that famous double-shuffle with which the long nights and master's shoes were worn away together6 4 4 4 4 ,who can forget the cook by whom his youthful appetite was fed8 ,the fussy1 consequential old lady to whom ,i now refer1 has often1 during my vagrant inroads into her rightful domains1 boxed my infant jaws1 with an imperious1 ,bress de ,lord1 git out of de way3 dat chile never kin git enuff3 and as often relenting at sight of my hungry tears1 has fairly bribed me into her love again with the very choicest bits of the savory messes of her art4 ,she was haughty as ,juno1 and aristocratic as though her naked ancestors had come over with the ,conqueror1 or drawn a good bow at ,hastings1 4 4 4 and yet her pride invariably melted at the sight of certain surreptitious quantities of tobacco1 with which ,i made my court to this high priestess of the region sacred to the stomach4 ,and there1 too1 plainest of all1 ,i can see the fat and chubby form of my dear old nurse1 whose encircling arms of love fondled and supported me from the time whereof the memory of this man runneth not to the contrary4 ,all the strong love of her simple and faithful nature seemed bestowed on her mistress' children1 which she was not permitted to give to her own1 long1 long ago left behind and dead in ole ,varginney4 ,oh6 the wonderful and touching stories of them1 and a hundred other things1 which she has poured into my infant ears6 ,how well do ,i remember the marvellous story of the manner in which she obtained religion1 of her many and sore conflicts with the powers of darkness1 and of her first dawning hopes in that blessed gospel whose richest glory is1 that it is preached to the poor1 such as she was6 ,from her lips1 too1 ,i heard my first ghost-story6 ,think of that6 ,none of your feeble make-believes of a ghost-story either1 carrying infidelity on its face2 but a real bona-fide narrative1 witnessed by herself1 and told with the earnestness of truth itself4 ,how my knees smote together1 and my hair stood on end1 so called--as ,i stared and startled1 and declared again and again with quite a sickly manhood indeed1 that ,i wasn't scared a bit6 ,perhaps the proudest day of my boyhood was when ,i was able to present her with a large and flaming red cotton handkerchief1 wherewith in turban style she adorned her head4 ,and my satisfaction was complete when my profound erudition enabled me to read for her on ,sabbath afternoons that most wonderful of all stories1 the ,pilgrim's ,progress4 ,nor was it uninstructive1 or a slight tribute to the genius of the immortal tinker--could ,i but have appreciated it--to observe the varied emotions excited within her breast by the recital of those fearful conflicts by the way1 and of the unspeakable glories of the celestial ,city1 within whose portals of pearl ,i trust her faithful soul has long since entered6 ,,footnote3 #cj ,as in the case of the gentleman for whom ,senator ,vance's native county was named4 ,he had over his front door the inscription3 ,buncombe ,hall1 ,welcome all6 ,,albert ,,pike4 #ahjiahia4 ,,albert ,,pike was born in ,boston1 but after his twenty-second year made his home in the ,south4 ,he was a student at ,harvard and taught for a while2 in #ahca1 he went to ,arkansas1 walking1 it is said1 five hundred miles of the way1 as his horse had run away in a storm4 ,he became an editor and then a lawyer1 cultivating letters at the same time1 and wrote the ,hymns to the ,gods4 ,he served in the ,mexican and ,civil ,wars1 with rank in the latter of ,brigadier-,general in the ,confederate army4 ,he afterwards made his home in ,washington ,city1 where he at first practised his profession1 but later gave his attention mostly to literature and ,freemasonry4 ,,works4 ,hymns to the ,gods4 ,prose ,sketches and ,poems4 ,reports of ,cases in the ,supreme ,court of ,arkansas4 ,works on ,freemasonry4 ,nugae1 7including ,hymns to the ,gods74 ,the following poem is one of the best on that wonderful bird whose song almost all ,southern poets have celebrated4 ,it has a classic ring and reminds one of ,keats' ,odes on the ,nightingale and on a ,grecian ,urn4 ,,to ,,the ,,mocking-,,bird4 ,thou glorious mocker of the world6 ,i hear ,thy many voices ringing through the glooms ,of these green solitudes2 and all the clear1 ,bright joyance of their song enthralls the ear1 ,and floods the heart4 ,over the spherd tombs ,of vanished nations rolls thy music-tide2 ,no light from ,history's starlit page illumes ,the memory of these nations2 they have died3 ,none care for them but thou2 and thou mayst sing ,o'er me1 perhaps1 as now thy clear notes ring ,over their bones by whom thou once wast deified4 ,glad scorner of all cities6 ,thou dost leave ,the world's mad turmoil and incessant din1 ,where none in other's honesty believe1 ,where the old sigh1 the young turn gray and grieve1 ,where misery gnaws the maiden's heart within3 ,thou fleest far into the dark green woods1 ,where1 with thy flood of music1 thou canst win ,their heart to harmony1 and where intrudes ,no discord on thy melodies4 ,oh1 where1 ,among the sweet musicians of the air1 ,is one so dear as thou to these old solitudes8 ,ha6 what a burst was that6 ,the olian strain ,goes floating through the tangled passages ,of the still woods1 and now it comes again1 ,a multitudinous melody1--like a rain ,of glassy music under echoing trees1 ,close by a ringing lake4 ,it wraps the soul ,with a bright harmony of happiness1 ,even as a gem is wrapped when round it roll ,thin waves of crimson flame2 till we become ,with the excess of perfect pleasure1 dumb1 ,and pant like a swift runner clinging to the goal4 ,i cannot love the man who doth not love1 ,as men love light1 the song of happy birds2 ,for the first visions that my boy-heart wove ,to fill its sleep with1 were that ,i did rove ,through the fresh woods1 what time the snowy herds ,of morning clouds shrunk from the advancing sun ,into the depths of ,heaven's blue heart1 as words ,from the ,poet's lips float gently1 one by one1 ,and vanish in the human heart2 and then ,i revelled in such songs1 and sorrowed when1 ,with noon-heat overwrought1 the music-gush was done4 ,i would1 sweet bird1 that ,i might live with thee1 ,amid the eloquent grandeur of these shades1 ,alone with nature1--but it may not be2 ,i have to struggle with the stormy sea ,of human life until existence fades ,into death's darkness4 ,thou wilt sing and soar ,through the thick woods and shadow-checkered glades1 ,while pain and sorrow cast no dimness o'er ,the brilliance of thy heart2 but ,i must wear1 ,as now1 my garments of regret and care1-- ,as penitents of old their galling sackcloth wore4 ,yet why complain8 ,what though fond hopes deferred ,have overshadowed ,life's green paths with gloom8 ,content's soft music is not all unheard2 ,there is a voice sweeter than thine1 sweet bird1 ,to welcome me within my humble home2 ,there is an eye1 with love's devotion bright1 ,the darkness of existence to illume4 ,then why complain8 ,when ,death shall cast his blight ,over the spirit1 my cold bones shall rest ,beneath these trees2 and1 from thy swelling breast1 ,over them pour thy song1 like a rich flood of light4 ,,william ,,tappan ,,thompson4 #ahabahhb4 ,,william ,,tappan ,,thompson was a native of ,ravenna1 ,ohio1 the first white child born in the ,western ,reserve4 ,he removed to ,georgia in #ahce1 and became with ,judge ,a4 ,b4 ,longstreet editor of the ,states ,rights ,sentinel at ,augusta4 ,he was subsequently editor of several other papers1 in one of which1 the ,miscellany1 appeared his famous humorous ,letters of ,major ,jones4 ,from #ahde to #ahej he lived in ,baltimore1 editor with ,park ,benjamin of the ,western ,continent2 but he returned to ,georgia and established in ,savannah the ,morning ,news with which he was connected till his death4 ,he served in the ,confederate cause as aide to ,gov4 ,joseph ,e4 ,brown1 and later as a volunteer in the ranks4 ,,works4 ,major ,jones's ,courtship4 ,major ,jones's ,chronicles of ,pineville4 ,major ,jones's ,sketches of ,travel4 ,the ,live ,indian3 a ,farce4 ,john's ,alive1 and other ,sketches1 edited by his daughter4 ,dramatized ,the ,vicar of ,wakefield4 ,the titles of these books describe their contents1 and the following extract gives their style4 ,the scenes are laid in ,georgia2 and even when ,major ,jones travels1 he remains a ,georgian still4 ,,major ,,jones',s ,,christmas ,,present ,,to ,,mary ,,stallings4 7,from ,major ,jones's ,courtship4#ca7 ,they all agreed they would hang up a bag for me to put ,miss ,mary's ,crismus present in1 on the back porch2 and about ten o'clock ,i told 'em good-evenin' and went home4 ,i sot up till midnight1 and when they wos all gone to bed1 ,i went softly into the back gate1 and went up to the porch1 and thar1 shore enough1 was a great big meal-bag hangin' to the jice4 ,it was monstrous unhandy to git to it1 but ,i was termined not to back out4 ,so ,i sot some chairs on top of a bench1 and got hold of the rope1 and let myself down into the bag2 but jist as ,i was gittin in1 it swung agin the chairs1 and down they went with a terrible racket2 but nobody din't wake up but ,miss ,stallinses old cur dog1 and here he come rippin and tearin through the yard like rath1 and round and round he went1 tryin to find out what was the matter4 ,i scrooch'd down in the bag1 and didn't breathe louder nor a kitten1 for fear he'd find me out2 and after a while he quit barkin4 ,the wind begun to blow bominable cold1 and the old bag kept turnin round and swingin so it made me sea-sick as the mischief4 ,i was afraid to move for fear the rope would break and let me fall1 and thar ,i sot with my teeth rattlin like ,i had a ager4 ,it seemed like it would never come daylight1 and ,i do believe if ,i didn't love ,miss ,mary so powerful ,i would froze to death2 for my heart was the only spot that felt warm1 and it didn't beat more'n two licks a minit1 only when ,i thought how she would be supprised in the mornin1 and then it went in a canter4 ,bimeby the cussed old dog came up on the porch and begun to smell about the bag1 and then he barked like he thought he'd treed something4 ,bow6 wow6 wow6 ses he4 ,then he'd smell agin1 and try to git up to the bag4 ,git out6 ses ,i1 very low1 for fear the galls mought hear me4 ,bow6 wow6 ses he4 ,begone6 you bominable fool6 ses ,i1 and ,i felt all over in spots1 for ,i spected every minit he'd nip me1 and what made it worse1 ,i didn't know wharabouts he'd take hold4 ,bow6 wow6 wow6 ,then ,i tried coaxin--,come here1 good feller1 ses ,i1 and whistled a little to him1 but it wasn't no use4 ,thar he stood1 and kep up his everlastin barkin and whinin1 all night4 ,i couldn't tell when daylight was breakin1 only by the chickens crowin1 and ,i was monstrous glad to hear 'em1 for if ,i'd had to stay thar one hour more1 ,i don't believe ,i'd ever got out of that bag alive4 ,old ,miss ,stallins come out fust1 and as soon as she seed the bag1 ses she3 ,what upon yeath has ,joseph went and put in that bag for ,mary8 ,i'll lay it's a yearlin or some live animal1 or ,bruin wouldn't bark at it so4 ,she went in to call the galls1 and ,i sot thar1 shiverin all over so ,i couldn't hardly speak if ,i tried to1--but ,i didn't say nothin4 ,bimeby they all come runnin out on the porch4 ,my goodness6 what is it8 ses ,miss ,mary4 ,oh1 it's alive6 ses ,miss ,kesiah4 ,i seed it move4 ,call ,cato1 and make him cut the rope1 ses ,miss ,carline1 and let's see what it is4 ,come here1 ,cato1 and get this bag down4 ,don't hurt it for the world1 ses ,miss ,mary4 ,cato untied the rope that was round the jice1 and let the bag down easy on the floor1 and ,i tumbled out1 all covered with corn-meal from head to foot4 ,goodness gracious6 ses ,miss ,mary1 if it ain't the ,majer himself6 ,yes1 ses ,i1 and you know you promised to keep my ,crismus present as long as you lived4 ,the galls laughed themselves almost to death1 and went to brushin off the meal as fast as they could1 sayin they was gwine to hang that bag up every ,crismus till they got husbands too4 ,miss ,mary--bless her bright eyes6--she blushed as beautiful as a mornin-glory1 and sed she'd stick to her word4 4 4 4 ,i do believe if ,i was froze stiff1 one look at her sweet face1 as she stood thar lookin down to the floor with her roguish eyes1 and her bright curls fallin all over her snowy neck1 would have fotched me to4 ,i tell you what1 it was worth hangin in a meal bag from one ,crismus to another to feel as happy as ,i have ever sense4 ,,footnote3 #ca ,by permission of ,t4 ,b4 ,peterson and ,brothers1 ,philadelphia4 ,,james ,,barron ,,hope4 #ahbgahhg4 ,,james ,,barron ,,hope was born near ,norfolk1 ,virginia1 educated at ,william and ,mary ,college1 and began the practice of law at ,hampton4 ,in #aheg he wrote the poem for the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of ,jamestown1 and in #aheh an ,ode for the dedication of the ,washington ,monument at ,richmond4 ,he also wrote poems for the ,southern ,literary ,messenger1 as ,henry ,ellen4 ,in #ahfa he entered the ,confederate service and fought through the war as captain4 ,afterwards he settled in ,norfolk to the practice of his profession4 ,his best poems are considered to be ,arms and the ,man1 and ,memorial ,ode1 the latter written for the laying of the corner-stone of the ,lee ,monument in ,richmond1 #ahhg1 just before his death4 ,,works4 ,leoni di ,monota1 poems4 ,elegiac ,ode and other ,poems4 ,under the ,empire1 novel4 ,arms and the ,man1 and other ,poems4 ,,the ,,victory ,,at ,,yorktown4 7,from ,arms and the ,man4#cb7 ,a ,metrical ,address recited on the one hundredth anniversary of the surrender of ,lord ,cornwallis at ,yorktown1 on invitation of the ,united ,states ,congress1 ,october #ai1 #ahha4 ,,prologue4 ,full-burnished through the long-revolving years ,the ploughshare of a ,century to-day ,runs peaceful furrows where a crop of ,spears ,once stood in ,war's array4 ,and we1 like those who on the ,trojan plain ,see hoary secrets wrenched from upturned sods2-- ,who1 in their fancy1 hear resound again ,the battle-cry of ,gods2-- ,we now1--this splendid scene before us spread ,where ,freedom's full hexameter began-- ,restore our ,epic1 which the ,nations read ,as far its thunders ran4 ,here visions throng on ,people and on ,bard1 ,ranks all a-glitter in battalions massed ,and closed around as like a plumd guard1 ,they lead us down the ,past4 ,i see great ,shapes in vague confusion march ,like giant shadows1 moving vast and slow1 ,beneath some torch-lit temple's mighty arch ,where long processions go4 ,i see these ,shapes before me all unfold1 ,but ne'er can fix them on the lofty wall1 ,nor tell them1 save as she of ,endor told ,what she beheld to ,saul4 ,,washington ,,and ,,lee4 7,from ,memorial ,ode47 ,our history is a shining sea ,locked in by lofty land1 ,and its great ,pillars of ,hercules1 ,above the shifting sand ,i here behold in majesty ,uprising on each hand4 ,these ,pillars of our history1 ,in fame forever young1 ,are known in every latitude ,and named in every tongue1 ,and down through all the ,ages ,their story shall be sung4 ,the ,father of his ,country ,stands above that shut-in sea1 ,a glorious symbol to the world ,of all that's great and free2 ,and to-day ,virginia matches him-- ,and matches him with ,lee4 ,,footnote3 #cb ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,jane ,barren ,hope ,marr4 ,,james ,,wood ,,davidson4 #ahbi----4 ,,james ,,wood ,,davidson was born in ,newberry ,county1 ,south ,carolina1 and educated at ,south ,carolina ,college1 ,columbia4 ,he taught at ,winnsboro and at ,columbia until the opening of the war1 when he enlisted as a volunteer in the ,army of ,northern ,virginia1 and served throughout the great struggle4 ,after the war he taught again in ,columbia till #ahga4 ,then he removed to ,washington and in #ahgc to ,new ,york1 where he engaged in literary and journalistic work4 ,he has also lived in ,florida and represented ,dade ,county in the ,state ,legislature4 ,he is now living in ,washington ,city4 ,,works4 ,living ,writers of the ,south1 7#ahfi74 ,the ,correspondent4 ,poetry of the ,future4 ,dictionary of ,southern ,authors1 unfinished4 ,school ,history of ,south ,carolina4 ,bell of ,doom1 a poem4 ,florida of ,to-day4 ,helen of ,troy1 a romance of ancient ,greece2 unfinished4 ,dr4 ,davidson's ,living ,writers of the ,south has made his name well known as a critic and student of literature1 and his labors in behalf of ,southern letters entitle him to high regard4 ,,the ,,beautiful ,,and ,,the ,,poetical4 7,from ,poetry of the ,future4#cc7 ,the relation between the ,beautiful and ,beauty on the one hand1 and the ,poetical and ,poetry on the other1 has generally been seen1 when seen at all1 vaguely2 that is to say1 seen as the ,beautiful and the ,poetical themselves have been seen--in a mirror darkly4 ,this indistinctness seems to have grown out of the faulty views of nature taken by the speculators4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,in brief1 then1 ,nature is an effect--a product--of a ,power lying behind or above it2 and it stands1 accordingly1 to that ,power in the relation of an effect to a cause4 ,that cause we shall describe as ,spiritual2 the effect1 as ,natural4 ,the ,natural1 or ,nature1 is the material ,universe embracing the three kingdoms1 known as mineral1 vegetable1 and animal4 4 4 4 4 ,such being the case1 everything in nature is a correspondent of some thing--is expressive of and consequently representative and exponential of something--above it or behind it2 and that something is an idea--a thing not material4 ,it follows1 then1 that every object in nature has real character in itself as a representative of an idea2 just as1 say1 an anchor is representative of hope1 a heart1 of love1 an olive branch1 of peace1 and a ring1 of marriage4 4 4 ,we next come to consider the percipient mind4 ,men's minds have limited and imperfect faculties and capabilities4 ,that which is good1 or true1 or beautiful1 to one mind can hardly be the same in the same way and degree to any other mind4 ,it is true--as some writers have stated1 but none seems willing to push the propositions to their legitimate conclusions--that the ,good and the ,beautiful are true1 the ,beautiful and the ,true are good1 and the ,true and the ,good are beautiful4 ,we wish to accept the propositions in their most comprehensive scope and with all their legitimate consequences4 ,let us note1 at this point1 the fact1 obvious enough but generally overlooked1 that in perception the result depends far more upon the percipient mind than upon the object perceived4 ,to a ploughboy1 a pebble is an insignificant thing1 suggestive possibly of some discomfort in walking1 and fit only to shy at a bird1 may be2 but to the geologist it appears worthy a volume1 and speaks to him of strata may be a million of years old1 of glacial attrition1 of volcanic action1 of chemical constituents1 of mineralogical principles1 and crystallogenic attraction1 of mathematical laws and geometric angles1 and of future geognostic changes4 ,that is to say1 the pebble contracts and expands1 as it were1 with the faculties and the prejudices of the person--of the mind--that sees it4 ,or1 again3 ,the crescent moon is visible in the clear sky4 ,a sees a bright convenience which enables him to walk better--not so good a light as the full moon would be1 but valuable as far as it goes4 ,b sees a lovely luminary to light him to his lady-love1 a hallowed eye half shut that watches with protecting radiance over her slumbers4 ,c reckons the intervening #bch1jjj miles1 its diameter of #b1afb4c miles1 and his mind busies itself with orbits1 radii1 ellipses1 eclipses1 azimuth1 parallax1 sidereal periods1 satellitic inclinations1 and synodic revolutions4 ,d1 with a turn for symbols and history1 sees in it something of the ornaments like the moon that ,gideon captured from the ,sheikhs ,zebah and ,zalmunna1 something of ,byzantine siege1 ,ottoman ensign1 the ,crusades1 the ,knighthood of ,selim1 the battle of ,tours1 and the city of ,new ,orleans4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,the ,beautiful 4 4 4 4 is a relation between the man that sees and the object seen4 ,a perfectly harmonious relation brings perfect beauty4 ,the ,poetical 4 4 4 4 is the beautiful2 and this may be expressed either in prose or in poetry4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,poetry1 more closely defined1 is the poetical expressed in rhythmical language4 ,,footnote3 #cc ,by permission of the author4 ,,charles ,,colcock ,,jones1 ,,jr4 #ahcaahic4 ,,charles ,,colcock ,,jones1 ,,jr41 was born at ,savannah1 ,georgia1 and made his literary fame by special study of the history of ,georgia and the life of the ,southern ,indians4 ,he was by profession a lawyer1 was colonel of artillery in the ,confederate ,army1 and from #ahfe to #ahgg lived and practised law in ,new ,york ,city4 ,since #ahgg his home was ,montrose near ,augusta1 ,georgia1 where he left a fine library and large collections of ,indian curiosities and of portraits and autographs4 ,his style is full and flowing1 and the following list shows his great activity with his pen4 ,,works4 ,indian ,remains in ,southern ,georgia4 ,ancient ,tumuli and ,structures in ,georgia4 ,dead ,towns of ,georgia4 ,last ,days of ,gen4 ,henry ,lee4 ,life1 ,labors1 and ,neglected ,grave of ,richard ,henry ,wilde4 ,negro ,myths from the ,georgia ,coast4 ,histories of ,savannah and ,augusta4 ,english ,colonization of ,georgia4 ,edited his father's works4 ,history of ,georgia4 ,sketch of ,tomo-chi-chi4 ,antiquities of the ,southern ,indians4 ,life of ,jasper3 of ,tatnall3 of ,de ,soto3 of ,purry3 of ,jenkins3 of ,habersham3 of ,gen4 ,robert ,toombs3 of ,elbert3 of ,john ,percival4 ,addresses to ,confederate ,association1 and ,historical ,society1 and on ,greene1 ,pulaski1 ,stephens4 ,colonel ,jones is the most prolific author that ,georgia has produced and his works place him at the head of her historical writers4 ,,salzburger ,,settlement ,,in ,,georgia4 7,from ,history of ,georgia4#cd7 ,during the four years commencing in #agbi and ending in #agcb1 more than thirty thousand ,salzburgers1 impelled by the fierce persecutions of ,leopold1 abandoned their homes in the broad valley of the ,salza1 and sought refuge in ,prussia1 ,holland1 and ,england1 where their past sufferings and present wants enlisted the profound sympathy of ,protestant communities4 ,in the public indignation engendered by their unjustifiable and inhuman treatment1 and in the general desire to alleviate their sufferings1 ,oglethorpe and the trustees fully shared4 ,an asylum in ,georgia was offered4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,forty-two men with their families1 numbering in all seventy-eight souls1 set out on foot for ,rotterdam4 ,they came from the town of ,berchtolsgaden and its vicinity4 4 4 4 ,on the #b;d of ,december they embarked for ,england4 ,on the #hth of ,january1 #agcd 7,o4 ,s471 having a favorable wind1 they departed in the ship ,purisburg for ,savannah4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,upon the return of ,mr4 ,oglethorpe and the commissary1 ,baron ,von ,reck1 sent to examine the site of the new colony to ,savannah1 nine able-bodied ,salzburgers were dispatched1 by the way of ,abercorn1 to ,ebenezer1 to cut down trees and erect shelters for the new colonists4 ,on the #gth of ,april the rest of the emigrants arrived1 and1 with the blessing of the good ,mr4 ,bolzius1 entered at once upon the task of clearing land1 constructing bridges1 building shanties1 and preparing a road-way to ,abercorn4 ,wild honey found in a hollow tree greatly refreshed them1 and parrots and partridges made them a very good dish4 ,upon the sandy soil they fixed their hopes for a generous yield of peas and potatoes4 ,to the black1 fat1 and heavy land they looked for all sorts of corn4 ,from the clayey soil they purposed manufacturing bricks and earthenware4 ,on the first of ,may lots were drawn upon which houses were to be erected in the town of ,ebenezer4 ,the day following1 the hearts of the people were rejoiced by the coming of ten cows and calves1--sent as a present from the magistrates of ,savannah in obedience to ,mr4 ,oglethorpe's orders4 ,ten casks full of all ,sorts of ,seeds arriving from ,savannah set these pious people to praising ,god for all his loving kindnesses4 ,commiserating their poverty1 the ,indians gave them deer1 and their ,english neighbors taught them how to brew a sort of beer made of molasses1 sassafras1 and pine tops4 ,poor ,lackner dying1 by common consent the little money he left was made the ,beginning of a ,box for the ,poor4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,by appointment1 ,monday1 the #acth of ,may1 was observed by the congregation as a season of thanksgiving4 4 4 4 4 ,of the town of ,savannah1 the ,baron ,von ,reck favors us with the following impressions3 ,i went to view this rising ,town1 ,savannah1 seated upon the ,banks of a ,river of the same ,name4 ,the ,town is regularly laid out1 divided into four ,wards1 in each of which is left a spacious ,square for holding of ,markets and other publick ,uses4 ,the ,streets are all straight1 and the ,houses are all of the same ,model and ,dimensions1 and well contrived for ,conveniency4 ,for the ,time it has been built it is very populous1 and its ,inhabitants are all ,white ,people4 ,and indeed the ,blessing of ,god seems to have gone along with this ,undertaking1 for here we see ,industry honored and ,justice strictly executed1 and ,luxury and ,idleness banished from this happy ,place where ,plenty and ,brotherly ,love seem to make their ,abode1 and where the good ,order of a ,nightly ,watch restrains the ,disorderly and makes the ,inhabitants sleep secure in the midst of a ,wilderness4 ,there is laid out near the ,town1 by order of the ,trustees1 a ,garden for making ,experiments for the ,improving ,botany and ,agriculture2 it contains #aj ,acres and lies upon the ,river2 and it is cleared and brought into such ,order that there is already a fine ,nursery of ,oranges1 ,olives1 white ,mulberries1 ,figs1 ,peaches1 and many curious ,herbs3 besides which there are ,cabbages1 ,peas1 and other ,european ,pulse and ,plants which all thrive4 ,within the ,garden there is an artificial ,hill1 said by the ,indians to be raised over the ,body of one of their ancient ,emperors4 ,i had like to have forgot one of the best ,regulations made by the ,trustees for the ,government of the ,town of ,savannah4 ,i mean the utter ,prohibition of the ,use of ,rum1 that flattering but deceitful ,liquor which has been found equally pernicious to the ,natives and new ,comers1 which seldoms fails by ,sickness or ,death to draw after it its own ,punishment4 ,,footnote3 #cd ,by permission of ,mr4 ,charles ,edgeworth ,jones4 ,,mary ,,virginia ,,terhune4 ca4 #ahca----4 ,illustration3 ,mary ,washington ,monument1 ,fredericksburg1 ,va4 ,,mrs4 ,,terhune1 better known as ,marion ,harland1 was born in ,amelia ,county1 ,virginia1 where her father1 ,samuel ,p4 ,hawes1 a merchant from ,massachusetts1 had made his home4 ,she began writing at the early age of fourteen4 ,in #ahef1 she was married to ,rev4 ,e4 ,p4 ,terhune and since #ahei has lived in the ,north4 ,her novels1 dealing chiefly with ,southern life1 are very popular and have made her well known ,north and ,south4 ,the ,story of ,mary ,washington was written in order to aid the enterprise for a monument to the mother of ,washington1 which was happily consummated ,may #aj1 #ahid1 by its unveiling at ,fredericksburg1 on which occasion ,mrs4 ,terhune was present1 an honored guest4 ,,works4 ,alone4 ,moss ,side4 ,nemesis4 ,husbands and ,homes4 ,helen ,gardner's ,wedding-,day4 ,ruby's ,husband4 ,at ,last4 ,empty ,heart4 ,judith1 a ,chronicle of ,old ,virginia4 ,hidden ,path4 ,miriam4 ,husks4 ,sunnybank4 ,christmas ,holly4 ,phemie's ,temptation4 ,common ,sense in the ,household4 ,eve's ,daughters4 ,a ,gallant ,fight4 ,story of ,mary ,washington4 ,,letter ,,describing ,,mary ,,ball ,,washington ,,when ,a ,,young ,,girl4 7,from ,story of ,mary ,washington4#ce7 ,,wmsburg1 ye #gth of ,octr1 #agbb4 ,dear ,sukey1 ,madam ,ball of ,lancaster and ,her ,sweet ,molly have gone ,hom4 ,mamma thinks ,molly the ,comliest ,maiden ,she ,knows4 ,she is about #af yrs old1 is taller than ,me1 is very ,sensable1 ,modest and ,loving4 ,her ,hair is like unto ,flax1 ,her ,eyes are the color of ,yours1 and her ,chekes are like ,may blossoms4 ,i wish you could see her4 ,we do seem to see her in lingering over the portrait done in miniature in colors that are fresh to this day4 ,it is1 as if in exploring a catacomb1 we had happened upon a fair chamber adorned with a frescoed portrait of a girl-princess of a legendary age4 ,romancist and biographer are one as we study the picture line by line4 ,the brush was dipped in the limner's heart and wrought passing well4 ,,madam ,,washington ,,at ,,the ,,peace ,,ball4 7,from the ,same47 ,her only public appearance as the hero's mother was at the ,peace ,ball given in ,fredericksburg during the visit of ,washington to that town4 ,with all her majestic self-command1 she did not disguise the pleasure with which she received the special request of the managers that she would honor the occasion with her presence4 ,there was even a happy flutter in the playful rejoinder that her dancing days were pretty well over1 but that if her coming would contribute to the general pleasure she would attend4 4 4 4 ,a path was opened from the foot to the top of the hall as they appeared in the doorway1 and every head was bowed in reverence4 ,it must have been the proudest moment of her life1 but she bore herself with perfect composure then1 and after her son1 seating her in an armchair upon the das reserved for distinguished guests1 faced the crowd in prideful expectancy that all his friends would seek to know his mother4 ,she had entered the hall at eight o'clock1 and for two hours held court1 the most distinguished people there pressing eagerly forward to be presented to her4 4 4 4 ,from her slightly elevated position1 she could1 without rising1 overlook the floor1 and watched with quiet pleasure the dancers1 among them the kingly figure of the ,commander-in-,chief1 who led a ,fredericksburg matron through a minuet4 ,at ten o'clock1 she signed to him to approach1 and rose to take his arm1 saying in her clear soft voice1 ,come1 ,george1 it is time for old folks to be at home4 ,smiling a good-night to all1 she walked down the room1 as erect in form and as steady in gait as any dancer there4 ,one of the ,french officers exclaimed aloud1 as she disappeared3 ,if such are the matrons of ,america1 she may well boast of illustrious sons6 4 4 4 4 4 ,lafayette's report of his interview to his friends at ,mt4 ,vernon was3 ,i have seen the only ,roman matron living at this day6 ,,footnote3 #ce ,by permission of author and publishers1 ,houghton1 ,mifflin ,co41 ,boston4 ,,augusta ,,evans ,,wilson4 #ahce----4 ,,mrs4 ,,wilson was born at ,columbus1 ,georgia1 but early removed to ,mobile1 ,alabama4 ,her first novel was ,inez3 a ,tale of the ,alamo1 published in #ahee4 ,she was married to ,mr4 ,l4 ,m4 ,wilson of ,mobile in #ahfh1 and they had a delightful suburban home at ,spring ,hill4 ,since ,mr4 ,wilson's death1 she resides in ,mobile4 ,her novels1 especially ,st4 ,elmo1 have made a great sensation in the reading world3 they evince great ability and learning4 ,see ,miss ,rutherford's ,american ,authors4 ,,works4 ,inez3 a ,tale of the ,alamo4 ,macaria4 ,vashti4 ,at the ,mercy of ,tiberius4 ,beulah4 ,st4 ,elmo4 ,infelice4 ,st4 ,elmo contains a description of that marvel of oriental architecture1 the ,taj ,mahal at ,agra in ,india1--a marble tomb erected to perpetuate the name of ,noormahal1 whom ,tom ,moore has immortalized in his ',lalla ,rookh4' ,a recent traveller visiting ,agra in #ahia writes that he was surprised to find a ,parsee boy almost in the shadow of the ,taj ,mahal reading a copy of the ,london edition of ,mrs4 ,wilson's ,vashti4 4 4 4 ,her style has been severely criticised as pedantic1 but certainly this charge may with equal justice be brought against ,george ,meredith1 ,bulwer1 and ,george ,eliot1 and it is well established that ,mrs4 ,wilson's books have in many instances stimulated her young readers to study history1 mythology1 and the sciences1 from which she so frequently draws her illustrations4--,miss ,rutherford4 ,a ,,learned ,,and ,,interesting ,,conversation4 7,from ,st4 ,elmo4#cf7 ,edna had risen to leave the room when the master of the house entered1 but at his request resumed her seat and continued reading4 ,after searching the shelves unavailingly1 he glanced over his shoulder and asked3 ,have you seen my copy of ,de ,gurin's ,centaur anywhere about the house8 ,i had it a week ago4 ,i beg your pardon1 sir1 for causing such a fruitless search2 here is the book4 ,i picked it up on the front steps where you were reading a few evenings since1 and it opened at a passage that attracted my attention4 ,she closed the volume and held it toward him1 but he waved it back4 ,keep it if it interests you4 ,i have read it once1 and merely wished to refer to a particular passage4 ,can you guess what sentence most frequently recurs to me8 ,if so1 read it to me4 ,he drew a chair close to the hearth and lighted his cigar4 ,hesitatingly ,edna turned the leaves4 ,i am afraid1 sir1 that my selection will displease you4 ,i will risk it1 as1 notwithstanding your flattering opinion to the contrary1 ,i am not altogether so unreasonable as to take offense at a compliance with my own request4 ,still she shrank from the task he imposed1 and her fingers toyed with the scarlet fuchsias2 but after eyeing her for a while1 he leaned forward and pushed the glass bowl beyond her reach4 ,edna1 ,i am waiting4 ,well1 then1 ,mr4 ,murray1 ,i should think that these two passages would impress you with peculiar force4 ,raising the book1 she read with much emphasis3 ',thou pursuest after wisdom1 ,o ,melampus6 which is the science of the will of the gods2 and thou roamest from people to people1 like a mortal driven by the destinies4 ,in the times when ,i kept my night-watches before the caverns1 ,i have sometimes believed that ,i was about to surprise the thoughts of the sleeping ,cybele1 and that the mother of the gods1 betrayed by her dreams1 would let fall some of her secrets4 ,but ,i have never yet made out more than sounds which faded away in the murmur of night1 or words inarticulate as the bubbling of the rivers4' 4 4 4 ',seekest thou to know the gods1 ,o ,macareus6 and from what source1 men1 animals1 and elements of the universal fire have their origin8 ,the aged ocean1 the father of all things1 keeps locked within his own breast these secrets2 and the nymphs who stand around sing as they weave their eternal dance before him1 to cover any sound which might escape from his lips1 half opened by slumber4 ,mortals dear to the gods for their virtue have received from their hands lyres to give delight to man1 or the seeds of new plants to make him rich1 but from their inexorable lips--nothing6' ,mr4 ,murray1 am ,i correct in my conjecture8 ,quite correct1 he answered1 smiling grimly4 ,taking the book from her hand he threw it on the table1 and tossed his cigar into the grate1 adding in a defiant1 challenging tone3 ,the mantle of ,solomon did not fall at ,le ,cayla on the shoulders of ,maurice de ,gurin4 ,after all he was a wretched hypochondriac1 and a tinge of le cahier vert doubtless crept into his eyes4 ,do you forget1 sir1 that he said1 ',when one is a wanderer1 one feels that one fulfils the true condition of humanity8' and that among his last words are these1 ',the stream of travel is full of delight4 ,oh6 who will set me adrift on this ,nile8' ,pardon me if ,i remind you1 par parenthse1 of the preliminary and courteous ,en garde6 which should be pronounced before a thrust4 ,de ,gurin felt starved in ,languedoc1 and no wonder6 ,but had he penetrated every nook and cranny of the habitable globe1 and traversed the vast zaarahs which science accords the universe1 he would have died at last as hungry as ,ugolino4 ,i speak advisedly2 for the true ,io gad-fly1 ennui1 has stung me from hemisphere to hemisphere1 across tempestuous oceans1 scorching deserts1 and icy mountain ranges4 ,i have faced alike the bourrans of the steppes1 and the ,samieli of ,shamo1 and the result of my vandal life is best epitomized in those grand but grim words of ,bossuet3 ',on trouve au fond du tout le vide et le nant6' ,nineteen years ago1 to satisfy my hunger1 ,i set out to hunt the daintiest food this world could furnish1 and1 like other fools1 have learned finally1 that life is but a huge mellow golden sher1 that mockingly sifts its bitter dust upon our eager lips4 ,ah6 truly1 on trouve au fond du tout le vide et le nant6 ,mr4 ,murray1 if you insist upon your bitter sher simile1 why shut your eyes to the palpable analogy suggested8 ,naturalists assert that the ,solanum1 or apple of ,sodom1 contains in its normal state neither dust nor ashes2 unless it is punctured by an insect1 7the ,tenthredo71 which converts the whole of the inside into dust1 leaving nothing but the rind entire1 without any loss of color4 ,human life is as fair and tempting as the fruit of ',ain ,jidy1' till stung and poisoned by the ,tenthredo of sin4 ,all conceivable suaviter in modo characterized his mocking countenance and tone1 as he inclined his haughty head and asked3 ,will you favor me by lifting on the point of your dissecting knife this stinging sin of mine to which you refer8 ,the noxious brood swarm so teasingly about my ears that they deprive me of your cool1 clear1 philosophic discrimination4 ,which particular ,tenthredo of the buzzing swarm around my spoiled apple of life would you advise me to select for my anathema maranatha8 ,of your history1 sir1 ,i am entirely ignorant2 and even if ,i were not1 ,i should not presume to levy a tax upon it in discussions with you2 for1 however vulnerable you may possibly be1 ,i regard an argumentum ad hominem as the weakest weapon in the armory of dialectics--a weapon too often dipped in the venom of personal malevolence4 ,i merely gave expression to my belief that miserable useless lives are sinful lives4 4 4 4 ,,footnote3 #cf ,by permission of the author1 and of the publisher1 ,g4 ,w4 ,dillingham1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,daniel ,,bedinger ,,lucas4 #ahcf----4 ,,daniel ,,bedinger ,,lucas is a native of ,charlestown1 ,west ,virginia1 and has reputation as a lawyer1 orator1 and judge4 ,he was a soldier in the ,confederate ,army and wrote his fine and best known poem1 ,the ,land ,where ,we ,were ,dreaming1 in #ahfe4 ,he has served in the ,state ,legislature4 ,his sister was also a poet and her verses are included in the ,wreath of ,eglantine4 ,,works4 ,memoir of ,john ,yates ,bell4 ,maid of ,northumberland4 ,ballads and ,madrigals4 ,wreath of ,eglantine1 and other ,poems4 ,,the ,,land ,,where ,,we ,,were ,,dreaming4 7,from ,the ,land ,we ,love4#cg7 ,fair were our nation's visions1 and as grand ,as ever floated out of fancy-land2 ,children were we in simple faith1 ,but god like children1 whom nor death ,nor threat of danger drove from honor's path-- ,in the land where we were dreaming4 ,proud were our men as pride of birth could render1 ,as violets our women pure and tender2 ,and when they spoke1 their voices' thrill ,at evening hushed the whip poor-will1 ,at morn the mocking bird was mute and still1 ,in the land where we were dreaming4 ,and we had graves that covered more of glory ,than ever taxed the lips of ancient story2 ,and in our dream we wove the thread ,of principles for which had bled ,and suffered long our own immortal dead1 ,in the land where we were dreaming4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,our sleep grew troubled1 and our dreams grew wild2 ,red meteors flashed across our heaven's field1 ,crimson the moon1 between the ,twins ,barbed arrows flew in circling lanes ,of light1 red comets tossed their fiery manes ,o'er the land where we were dreaming4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,a figure came among us as we slept-- ,at first he knelt1 then slowly rose and wept2 ,then gathering up a thousand spears1 ,he swept across the field of ,mars1 ,then bowed farewell1 and walked among the start1 ,from the land where we were dreaming4 ,illustration3 ,handwriting3 ,t4 ,j4 ,jackson1 ,lt,gnrl4 ,we looked again--another figure still ,gave hope1 and nerved each individual will2 ,erect he stood1 as clothed with power1 ,self-poised1 he seemed to rule the hour ,with firm1 majestic sway--of strength a tower-- ,in the land where we were dreaming4 ,as1 while great ,jove1 in bronze1 a warder god1 ,gazed eastward from the ,forum where he stood1 ,rome felt herself secure and free-- ,so1 ,richmond6 we on guard for thee1 ,beheld a bronzd hero1 god-like ,lee1 ,in the land where we were dreaming4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,woe6 woe is us6 the startled mothers cried2 ,while we have slept1 our noble sons have died4 ,woe6 woe is us6 how strange and sad1 ,that all our glorious visions fled ,have left us nothing real but our dead ,in the land where we were dreaming4 ,and are they really dead1 our martyred slain8 ,no1 dreamers6 ,morn shall bid them rise again ,from every plain1 from every height ,on which they seemed to die for right2 ,their gallant spirits shall renew the fight ,in the land where we were dreaming4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,,footnote3 #cg ,by permission of the author4 ,,james ,,ryder ,,randall4 #ahci----4 ,,james ,,ryder ,,randall was born in ,baltimore1 and his fame rests upon his stirring war-song1 ,maryland1 my ,maryland1 which has been called the ,marseillaise of the ,confederacy4 ,it was written in #ahfa and set by ,mrs4 ,burton ,harrison to the tune of the old college song ,lauriger ,horatius1 on the wings of which it quickly flew all over the ,south4 ,his profession is that of an editor1 and his delicate health has compelled his residence in a warmer latitude than his native city1 in ,louisiana and ,georgia4 ,,works4 ,fugitive ,poems3 ,maryland1 ,my ,maryland1 ,sole ,sentry1 ,arlington1 ,cameo ,bracelet1 and others4 ,,my ,,maryland4 ,the despot's heel is on thy shore1 ,maryland6 ,his torch is at thy temple door1 ,maryland6 ,avenge the patriotic gore ,that flecked the streets of ,baltimore1 ,and be the battle-queen of yore1 ,maryland1 my ,maryland6 ,hark to an exiled son's appeal1 ,maryland6 ,my ,mother-,state1 to thee ,i kneel1 ,maryland6 ,for life and death1 for woe and weal1 ,thy peerless chivalry reveal1 ,and gird thy beauteous limbs with steel1 ,maryland1 my ,maryland6 ,thou wilt not cower in the dust1 ,maryland6 ,thy beaming sword shall never rust1 ,maryland6 ,remember ,carroll's sacred trust1 ,remember ,howard's warlike thrust1 ,and all thy slumberers with the just1 ,maryland1 my ,maryland6 ,come6 'tis the red dawn of the day1 ,maryland6 ,come with thy panoplied array1 ,maryland6 ,with ,ringgold's spirit for the fray1 ,with ,watson's blood at ,monterey1 ,with fearless ,lowe and dashing ,may1 ,maryland1 my ,maryland6 ,dear ,mother6 burst the tyrant's chain1 ,maryland6 ,virginia should not call in vain1 ,maryland6 ,she meets her sisters on the plain1-- ,sic semper6 'tis the proud refrain1 ,that baffles minions back amain1 ,maryland6 ,arise in majesty again1 ,maryland1 my ,maryland6 ,come6 for thy shield is bright and strong1 ,maryland6 ,come6 for thy dalliance does thee wrong1 ,maryland6 ,come to thine own heroic throng ,walking with ,liberty along1 ,and chant thy dauntless slogan-song1 ,maryland1 my ,maryland6 ,i see the blush upon thy cheek1 ,maryland6 ,for thou wast ever bravely meek1 ,maryland6 ,but lo6 there surges forth a shriek1 ,from hill to hill1 from creek to creek1 ,potomac calls to ,chesapeake1 ,maryland1 my ,maryland6 ,thou wilt not yield the ,vandal toll1 ,maryland6 ,thou wilt not crook to his control1 ,maryland6 ,better the fire upon thee roll1 ,better the shot1 the blade1 the bowl1 ,than crucifixion of the soul1 ,maryland1 my ,maryland6 ,i hear the distant thunder hum1 ,maryland6 ,the ,old ,line's bugle1 fife1 and drum1 ,maryland6 ,she is not dead1 nor deaf1 nor dumb2 ,huzza6 she spurns the ,northern scum1-- ,she breathes6 ,she burns6 ,she'll come6 ,she'll ,come6 ,maryland1 my ,maryland6 ,written #ahfa4 ,,abram ,,joseph ,,ryan4 #ahciahhf4 ,,father ,,ryan1 the poet-priest1 was born in ,norfolk1 ,virginia1 but passed most of his life farther south4 ,he lived in ,new ,orleans1 ,knoxville1 ,augusta1 and ,mobile4 ,his death occurred in ,louisville1 ,kentucky4 ,his patriotic poems are among the best known and most admired that the ,south has produced2 his religious poems evince a sad view of human life together with an exalted adoration of the ,divine ,will4 ,,works4 ,poems4 ,life of ,christ1 unfinished4 ,some ,aspects of ,modern ,civilization1 a lecture4 ,to our great regret1 we have not been permitted by the publishers to copy any of ,father ,ryan's poems4 ,every one is familiar with his ,conquered ,banner1 and ,sword of ,lee2 the ,song of the ,mystic is one of his most beautiful productions4 ,,william ,,gordon ,mc,c,a,b,e4 #ahda----4 ,,william ,,gordon ,,mccabe was born near ,richmond1 and educated at the ,university of ,virginia4 ,he was a captain in the ,confederate service2 and since the war he has had at ,petersburg one of the best schools preparatory to the ,university4 ,he is a poet1 and has also edited several ,latin authors for school use4 ,,works4 ,ballads of ,battle and ,bravery4 ,defence of ,petersburg4 ,,dreaming ,,in ,,the ,,trenches4#ch ,i picture her there in the quaint old room1 ,where the fading fire-light starts and falls1 ,alone in the twilight's tender gloom ,with the shadows that dance on the dim-lit walls4 ,alone1 while those faces look silently down ,from their antique frames in a grim repose-- ,slight scholarly ,ralph in his ,oxford gown1 ,and stanch ,sir ,alan1 who died for ,montrose4 ,there are gallants gay in crimson and gold1 ,there are smiling beauties with powdered hair1 ,but she sits there1 fairer a thousand-fold1 ,leaning dreamily back in her low arm-chair4 ,and the roseate shadows of fading light ,softly clear steal over the sweet young face1 ,where a woman's tenderness blends to-night ,with the guileless pride of a haughty race4 ,her hands lie clasped in a listless way ,on the old ,romance--which she holds on her knee-- ,of ,tristram1 the bravest of knights in the fray1 ,and ,iseult1 who waits by the sounding sea4 ,and her proud1 dark eyes wear a softened look ,as she watches the dying embers fall-- ,perhaps she dreams of the knight in the book1 ,perhaps of the pictures that smile on the wall4 ,what fancies ,i wonder are thronging her brain1 ,for her cheeks flush warm with a crimson glow6 ,perhaps--ah6 me1 how foolish and vain6 ,but ,i'd give my life to believe it so6 ,well1 whether ,i ever march home again ,to offer my love and a stainless name1 ,or whether ,i die at the head of my men1-- ,i'll be true to the end all the same4 ,petersburg ,trenches1 #ahfd4 ,,footnote3 #ch ,by permission of the author4 ,,sidney ,,lanier4 #ahdbahha4 ,,sidney ,,lanier was born in ,macon1 ,georgia1 descended from a line of artist ancestors1 through whom he inherited great musical ability4 ,he was educated at ,oglethorpe ,college1 being graduated in #ahfj4 ,he and his brother ,clifford entered the ,confederate ,army together in #ahfa and served through the war2 but the exposure and hardships and imprisonment developed consumption which finally caused his death4 ,after the war he lived for two years in ,alabama as a clerk and a teacher2 but his health failed and he was forced to return home where he practised law with his father till #ahgc4 ,then deciding to devote himself to music and poetry1 he went to ,baltimore where he was engaged as first flute in the ,peabody ,symphony ,concerts and in #ahgi as lecturer on ,english ,literature in ,johns ,hopkins ,university4 ,his dread disease never relaxed and he was often obliged to quit work and go to ,florida1 ,north ,carolina1 ,georgia1 and ,pennsylvania in search of strength4 ,his death occurred at ,lynn1 ,polk ,county1 ,north ,carolina1 on his last quest for strength and life with which to continue the work he so much loved4 ,his ,science of ,english ,verse is said to be a new and valuable addition to the study of poetry4 ,his poems belong to the new order of thought and life4 ,his ,tiger-,lilies is a prose-poem1 written in three weeks just after the war and laid in the mountains of ,tennessee and on the eastern shore of ,virginia where he was stationed4 ,beauty is holiness1 and holiness is beauty1 was his favorite remark on the subject of ,art4 ,his work and influence are growing in importance in the regard of students4 ,in #ahgf he was invited to write the poem for the ,centennial ,exposition2 and the ,meditation of ,columbia1 composed with the musical expression always in mind1--and so too it should be read1--was the grand ,ode that graced the opening day at ,philadelphia4 ,see under ,waitman ,barbe4 ,,works4 ,,poems3 ,edited by his wife1 ,mary ,day ,lanier1 with a ,memorial by ,william ,hayes ,ward4 ,tiger ,lilies1 novel4 ,florida3 its ,scenery1 ,climate1 and ,history4 ,english ,novel and ,principles of ,its ,development4 ,science of ,english ,verse4 ,boy's ,froissart4 ,boy's ,king ,arthur4 ,boy's ,mabinogion4 ,boy's ,percy4 ,,song ,,of ,,the ,,chattahoochee4 7,from ,poems4#ci7 ,out of the hills of ,habersham1 ,down the valleys of ,hall1 ,i hurry amain to reach the plain1 ,run the rapid and leap the fall1 ,split at the rock and together again1 ,accept my bed1 or narrow or wide1 ,and flee from folly on every side ,with a lover's pain to attain the plain ,far from the hills of ,habersham1 ,far from the valleys of ,hall4 ,all down the hills of ,habersham1 ,all though the valleys of ,hall1 ,the rushes cried1 ,abide1 abide1 ,the willful waterweeds held me thrall1 ,the laving laurel turned my tide1 ,the ferns and the fondling grass said ,stay1 ,the dewberry dipped for to work delay1 ,and the little reeds sighed ,abide1 abide1 ,here in the hills of ,habersham1 ,here in the valleys of ,hall4 ,high o'er the hills of ,habersham1 ,veiling the valleys of ,hall1 ,the hickory told me manifold ,fair tales of shade1 the poplar tall ,wrought me her shadowy self to hold1 ,the chestnut1 the oak1 the walnut1 the pine1 ,overleaning1 with flickering meaning and sign1 ,said1 ,pass not1 so cold1 these manifold ,deep shades of the hills of ,habersham1 ,these glades in the valleys of ,hall4 ,and oft in the hills of ,habersham1 ,and oft in the valleys of ,hall1 ,the white quartz shone1 and the smooth brook-stone ,did bar me of passage with friendly brawl1 ,and many a luminous jewel lone1 --,crystals clear or a-cloud with mist1 ,ruby1 garnet1 and amethyst-- ,made lures with the lights of streaming stone ,in the clefts of the hills of ,habersham1 ,in the beds of the valleys of ,hall4 ,but oh1 not the hills of ,habersham1 ,and oh1 not the valleys of ,hall ,avail3 ,i am fain for to water the plain1 ,downward the voices of ,duty call-- ,downward1 to toil and be mixed with the main1 ,the dry fields burn1 and the mills are to turn1 ,and a myriad flowers mortally yearn1 ,and the lordly main from beyond the plain ,calls o'er the hills of ,habersham1 ,calls through the valleys of ,hall4 #ahgg4 ,,what ,,is ,,music8 ,music is ,love in search of a word4 ,,the ,,tide ,,rising ,,in ,,the ,,marshes4 7,from ,the ,marshes of ,glynn4#dj7 ,ye marshes1 how candid and simple and nothing-withholding and free ,ye publish yourselves to the sky and offer yourselves to the sea6 ,tolerant plains1 that suffer the sea and the rains and the sun1 ,ye spread and span like the catholic man who hath mightily won ,god out of knowledge and good out of infinite pain ,and sight out of blindness and purity out of a stain4 ,as the marsh-hen secretly builds on the watery sod1 ,behold ,i will build me a nest on the greatness of ,god2 ,i will fly in the greatness of ,god as the marsh-hen flies ,in the freedom that fills all the space 'twixt the marsh and the skies3 ,by so many roots as the marsh-grass sends in the sod ,i will heartily lay me a-hold on the greatness of ,god3 ,oh1 like to the greatness of ,god is the greatness within ,the range of the marshes1 the liberal marshes of ,glynn4 ,and the sea lends large1 as the marsh3 and lo1 out of his plenty1 the sea ,pours fast3 full soon the time of the flood-tide must be3 ,look how the grace of the sea doth go ,about and about through the intricate channels that flow ,here and there1 ,everywhere1 ,till his waters have flooded the uttermost creeks and the low-lying lanes1 ,and the marsh is meshed with a million veins1 ,that like as with rosy and silvery essences flow ,in the rose-and-silver evening glow4 ,farewell1 my lord ,sun6 ,the creeks overflow3 a thousand rivulets run ',twixt the roots of the sod2 the blades of the marsh-grass stir2 ,passeth a hurrying sound of wings that westward whirr2 ,passeth1 and all is still2 and the currents cease to run2 ,and the sea and the marsh are one4 ,how still the plains of the waters be6 ,the tide is in his ecstasy4 ,the tide is at his highest height3 ,and it is night4 ,and now from the ,vast of the ,lord will the waters of sleep ,roll in on the souls of men1 ,but who will reveal to our waking ken ,the forms that swim and the shapes that creep ,under the waters of sleep8 ,and ,i would ,i could know what swimmeth below when the tide comes in ,on the length and the breadth of the marvellous marshes of ,glynn4 #ahgh4 ,,footnotes3 #ci ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,lanier1 and ,charles ,scribner's ,sons1 ,n4 ,y4 #dj ,by permission of ,mrs4 ,lanier1 and ,charles ,scribner's ,sons1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,james ,,lane ,,allen4 ,,james ,,lane ,,allen is one of the best and most successful of the living writers of the ,south4 ,he is a ,kentuckian1 and his sketches and stories have so far all dealt with life in his native ,state4 ,,works4 ,life in the ,blue ,grass4 ,white ,cowl4 ,flute and ,violin1 and other stories4 ,john ,gray4 ,sister ,dolorosa4 ,a ,kentucky ,cardinal 7#ahie74 ,,sports ,,of ,a ,,kentucky ,,school ,,in #agie4 7,from ,john ,gray1 a ,kentucky ,tale of the ,olden ,time4#da7 ,a strange mixture of human life there was in ,gray's school4 ,there were the native little ,kentuckians1 born in the wilderness--the first wild1 hardy generation of new people2 and there were the little folk from ,virginia1 from ,tennessee1 from ,north ,carolina1 and from ,pennsylvania and other sources1 huddled together1 some rude1 some gentle1 and starting out now to be formed into the men and women of the ,kentucky that was to be4 ,they had their strange1 sad1 heroic games and pastimes1 those primitive children under his guidance4 ,two little girls would be driving the cows home about dusk2 three little boys would play ,indian and capture them and carry them off2 the husbands of the little girls would form a party to the rescue2 the prisoners would drop pieces of their dresses along the way2 and then at a certain point of the woods--it being the dead of night now1 and the little girls being bound to a tree1 and the ,indians having fallen asleep beside their smouldering camp-fires--the rescuers would rush in1 and there would be whoops and shrieks1 and the taking of scalps1 and a happy return4 ,or1 some settlement would be shut up in a fort besieged4 ,days would pass4 ,the only water was a spring outside the walls1 and around this the enemy skulked in the corn and grass4 ,but the warriors must not perish of thirst4 ,so1 with a prayer1 a tear1 a final embrace1 the little women marched out through the gates to the spring1 in the very teeth of death1 and brought back water in their wooden dinner-buckets4 ,or1 when the boys would become men with contests of running1 and pitching quoits1 and wrestling1 the girls would play wives and have a quilting in a house of green alder-bushes1 or be capped and wrinkled grandmothers sitting beside imaginary spinning-wheels and smoking imaginary pipes4 ,sometimes it was not ,indian warfare1 but civil strife4 ,for one morning as many as three ,daniel ,boones appeared on the playground at the same moment2 and at once there was a fierce battle to ascertain which was the genuine ,daniel4 ,this being decided1 the spurious ,daniels submitted to be the one ,simon ,kenton1 the other ,general ,george ,rogers ,clarke4 ,this was to be a great day for what he called his class in history4 ,thirteen years before1 and forty miles away1 had occurred the most dreadful of all the battles--the disaster of the ,blue ,licks2 and in town were many mothers who yet wept for sons1 widows who yet dreamed of young husbands1 fallen that beautiful ,august day beneath the oaks and cedars1 or floating down the red-dyed river4 ,it was this that he had promised to tell them at noon2 and a little after twelve o'clock he was standing with them on the bank of the ,town ,fork1 in order to give vividness to his description4 ,this stream flows unseen beneath the streets of the city ,lexington now1 and with scarce current enough to wash out its grimy channels2 but then it flashed broad and clear through the long valley which formed the town common--a valley of scattered houses with orchards and corn-fields and patches of cane4 ,a fine poetic picture he formed as he stood there amid their eager upturned faces1 bare-headed under the cool brilliant sky of ,may1 and reciting to them1 as a prose-minstrel of the wilderness1 the deeds of their fathers4 ,this ,town ,fork of the ,elkhorn1 he said1 must represent the ,licking ,river4 ,on that side were the ,indians2 on this1 the pioneers1 a crowd of foot and horse4 ,there stretched the ridge of rocks1 made bare by the stamping of the buffalo2 here was the clay they licked for salt4 ,in that direction headed the two ravines in which ,boone had feared an ambuscade4 ,and thus variously having made ready for battle1 and looking down for a moment into the eyes of a freckly impetuous little soul who was the ,hotspur of the playground1 he repeated the cry of ,mc,gary1 which had been the signal for attack3 ,let all who are not cowards follow me6 ,hereupon the soldiers plunged through the river1 not seeing the ,indians nor even knowing where they were2 and in a few minutes they were attacked and completely routed by the ,indians who were concealed in the woods and ravines of the other bank1 as ,boone had feared4 ,boone's son was killed1 and he himself narrowly escaped by dashing through one of the ravines and swimming the river lower down4 ,the slaughter in the river was great1 and the pursuit was continued for twenty miles4 ,never had ,kentucky experienced so fatal a blow as that at the ,blue ,licks4--,l4 ,m4 ,,footnote3 #da ,by permission of ,j4 ,b4 ,lippincott ,co41 ,philadelphia4 ,,joel ,,chandler ,,harris4 #ahdh----4 ,,joel ,,chandler ,,harris was born in ,eatonton1 ,georgia1 and is a lawyer3 but he has devoted much time of late years to literature1 and is now one of the editors of the ,atlanta ,constitution4 ,illustration3 ,arkansas ,industrial ,university1 ,fayetteville1 ,washington ,county1 ,ark4 ,his dialect stories of ,uncle ,remus are a faithful reproduction of the popular tales of the old negroes of ,south ,carolina1 ,georgia1 and ,alabama2 for the negro dialect varies in the different ,states4 ,mr4 ,harris' books have made these tales known in ,england4 ,on the ,plantation is said to be autobiographical2 it is a story of a boy's life during the war1 well and simply told4 ,,works4 ,uncle ,remus3 ,his ,songs and ,his ,sayings4 ,nights with ,uncle ,remus4 ,on the ,plantation4 ,little ,mr4 ,thimblefinger4 ,mingo1 and other ,sketches4 ,free ,joe1 and other ,georgian ,sketches4 ,daddy ,jake1 the ,runaway1 and ,short ,stories ,told after ,dark4 ,,the ,,tar-,,baby4 7,from ,uncle ,remus1 ,his ,songs and ,his ,sayings4#db7 ,didn't the fox never catch the rabbit1 ,uncle ,remus8 asked the little boy the next evening4 ,he come mighty nigh it1 honey1 sho's you bawn--,brer ,fox did4 ,one day atter ,brer ,rabbit fool 'im wid dat calamus root1 ,brer ,fox went ter wuk en got 'im some tar1 en mix it wid some turkentine1 en fix up a contrapshun w'at he call a ,tar-,baby1 en he tuk dish yer ,tar-,baby en he sot 'er in de big road1 en den he lay off in de bushes fer to see w'at de news wuz gwineter be4 ,en he didn't hatter wait long1 nudder1 kaze bimeby here come ,brer ,rabbit pacin' down de road--lippity-clippity1 clippity-lippity--dez ez sassy ez a jay-bird4 ,brer ,fox1 he lay low4 ,brer ,rabbit come prancin' 'long twel he spy de ,tar-,baby1 en den he fotch up on his behine legs like he wuz 'stonished4 ,de ,tar-,baby1 she sot dar1 she did1 en ,brer ,fox1 he lay low4 ',mawnin'6' says ,brer ,rabbit1 sezee--'nice wedder dis mawnin'1' sezee4 ,tar-,baby ain't sayin' nuthin'1 en ,brer ,fox1 he lay low4 ',how duz yo' sym'tums seem ter segashuate8' sez ,brer ,rabbit1 sezee4 ,brer ,fox1 he wink his eye slow1 en lay low1 en de ,tar-,baby1 she ain't sayin' nuthin'4 ',how you come on1 den8 ,is you deaf8' sez ,brer ,rabbit1 sezee4 ',kaze if you is1 ,i kin holler louder1' sezee4 ,tar-,baby stay still1 en ,brer ,fox1 he lay low4 ',youer stuck up1 dat's w'at you is1' says ,brer ,rabbit1 sezee1 'en ,i'm gwineter kyore you1 dat's w'at ,i'm a gwineter do1' sezee4 ,brer ,fox1 he sorter chuckle in his stummuck1 he did1 but ,tar-,baby ain't sayin' nuthin'4 ',i'm gwineter larn you howter talk ter 'specttubble fokes ef hit's de las' ack1' sez ,brer ,rabbit1 sezee4 ',ef you don't take off dat hat en tell me howdy1 ,i'm gwineter bus' you wide open1' sezee4 ,tar-,baby stay still1 en ,brer ,fox1 he lay low4 ,brer ,rabbit keep on axin' 'im1 en de ,tar-,baby1 she keep on sayin' nuthin'1 twel present'y ,brer ,rabbit draw back wid his fis'1 he did1 en blip he tuck 'er side er de head4 ,right dar's where he broke his merlasses jug4 ,his fis' stuck1 en he can't pull loose4 ,de tar hilt 'im4 ,but ,tar-,baby1 she stay still1 en ,brer ,fox1 he lay low4 ',ef you don't lemme loose1 ,i'll knock you agin1' sez ,brer ,rabbit1 sezee1 en wid dat he fotch 'er a wipe wid de udder han'1 en dat stuck4 ,tar-,baby1 she ain't sayin' nuthin'1 en ,brer ,fox1 he lay low4 ',tu'n me loose1 fo' ,i kick de nat'al stuffin' outen you1' sez ,brer ,rabbit1 sezee1 but de ,tar-,baby1 she ain't sayin' nuthin'4 ,she des hilt on1 en den ,brer ,rabbit lose de use er his feet in de same way4 ,brer ,fox1 he lay low4 ,den ,brer ,rabbit squall out dat ef de ,tar-,baby don't tu'n 'im loose he butt 'er cranksided4 ,en den he butted1 en his head got stuck4 ,den ,brer ,fox1 he sa'ntered fort'1 lookin' dez ez innercent ez wunner yo' mammy's mockin'-birds4 ',howdy1 ,brer ,rabbit1' sez ,brer ,fox1 sezee4 ',you look sorter stuck up dis mawnin'1' sezee1 en den he rolled on de groun'1 en laft en laft twel he couldn't laff no mo'4 ',i speck you'll take dinner wid me dis time1 ,brer ,rabbit4 ,i done laid in some calamus root1 en ,i ain't gwineter take no skuse1' sez ,brer ,fox1 sezee4 ,here ,uncle ,remus paused1 and drew a two-pound yam out of the ashes4 ,did the fox eat the rabbit8 asked the little boy to whom the story had been told4 ,dat's all de fur de tale goes1 replied the old man4 ,he mout1 en den agin he moutent4 ,some say ,jedge ,b'ar come 'long en loosed 'im1--some say he didn't4 ,i hear ,miss ,sally callin'4 ,you better run 'long4 ,,footnote3 #db ,by permission of ,d4 ,appleton ,co1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,robert ,,burns ,,wilson4 #ahej----4 ,,robert ,,burns ,,wilson was born in ,washington ,county1 ,pennsylvania1 but removed early to ,frankfort1 ,kentucky1 where he devoted himself to landscape painting4 ,some of his pictures attracted attention at the ,new ,orleans ,exposition1 #ahhd4 ,his poems have appeared in magazines and have been much admired for their musical flow of deep feeling and fancy4 ,,works4 ,life ,and ,love3 ,poems4 ,,fair ,,daughter ,,of ,,the ,,sun4 7,from ,life and ,love4#dc7 ,hail6 daughter of the sun6 ,white-robed and fair to see1 where goest thou now ,in haste from thy spiced garden8 ,hath thy brow1 ,crowned with white blooms1 begun ,to grow a-weary of its flagrant wreath1 ,and do thy temples long to ache beneath ,a gilded1 iron crown8 ,tak'st thou the glint of ,mammon's glittering car ,to be the gleam of some new-risen star-- ,yond clamor1 for renown8 ,stay1 lovely one1 oh stay6 ,within thy gates1 love-garlanded1 remain3 ,for love this ,mammon seeks not1 but for gain-- ,he is the same alway4 ,this god in burnished tinsel1 as of old1 ,cares for no music save of clinking gold-- ,all else to him is vain3 ,his heart is flint1 his ears are dull as lead2 ,a crown of care he bringeth for thy head1 ,and for thy wrists a chain4 ,bide thou1 oh goddess1 stay6 ,even in the gateway turn6 ,the orange tree ,keeps still her snowy wreath of love for thee2 ,the jasmine's starry spray ,still waves thee back3 ,o ,south6 thy glory lies ,in thine own sacred fields4 ,there shall arise ,thy day1 which fadeth not3 ,there--patient hands shall fill thy cup with wine1 ,there--hearts devoted1 make thy name divine1 ,their own hard fate forgot4 ,,dedication4--,,sonnet4 ,,to ,,elizabeth1 ,,my ,,mother4 ,the green ,virginian hills were blithe in ,may1 ,and we were plucking violets--thou and ,i4 ,a transient gladness flooded earth and sky2 ,thy fading strength seemed to return that day1 ,and ,i was mad with hope that ,god would stay ,death's pale approach--,oh6 all hath long passed by6 ,long years6 long years6 and now1 ,i well know why ,thine eyes1 quick-filled with tears1 were turned away4 ,first loved2 first lost2 my mother3 time must still ,leave my soul's debt uncancelled4 ,all that's best ,in me and in my art is thine3--,me-seems ,even now1 we walk afield4 ,through good and ill1 ,my sorrowing heart forgets not1 and in dreams1 ,i see thee1 in the sun-lands of the blest4 ,,footnote3 #dc ,by permission of the author1 and publishers1 the ,cassell ,publishing ,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,christian ,,reid4 ,,frances ,c4 ,,tiernan4 ,,mrs4 ,,tiernan has written many novels of ,southern life4 ,she is a daughter of ,colonel ,charles ,f4 ,fisher of ,salisbury1 ,north ,carolina1 who was killed in the battle of ,manassas4 ,her best known book1 ,the ,land of the ,sky1 describes a summer tour through the grand mountains of her native ,state1 taken before the railroads had penetrated them4 ,,works4 ,valerie ,aylmer4 ,mabel ,lee4 ,nina's ,atonement4 ,carmen's ,inheritance4 ,hearts and ,hands4 ,land of the ,sky4 ,heart of ,steel4 ,summer ,idyl4 ,roslyn's ,fortune4 ,morton ,house4 ,ebb ,tide4 ,daughter of ,bohemia4 ,a ,gentle ,belle4 ,a ,question of ,honor4 ,after ,many ,days4 ,bonny ,kate4 ,armine4 ,miss ,churchill4 ,land of the ,sun 7#ahie74 ,illustration3 ,mt4 ,mitchell1 ,n4 ,c4 ,above the ,clouds4 ,,ascent ,,of ,,mount ,,mitchell1 ,,black ,,mountain1 ,,north ,,carolina4 7,from ,the ,land of the ,sky4#dd7 ,the sun is shining brightly1 and his golden lances light up the depths of the forest into which we enter--an enchanted world of far-reaching greenness1 the stillness of which is only broken by the voice of the streams which come down the gorges of the mountain in leaping cascades4 ,few things are more picturesque than the appearance of a cavalcade like ours following in single file the winding path 7not road7 that leads into the marvelous1 mysterious wilderness4 ,when the ascent fairly begins1 the path is often like the letter ,s1 and one commands a view of the entire line--of horsemen in slouched hats and gray coats1 of ladies in a variety of attire1 with water-proof cloaks serving as riding-skirts1 and hats garlanded with forest wreaths and grasses4 ,the guide tramps steadily ahead1 leading the pack-horse1 and we catch a glimpse of his face now and then as he turns to answer some question addressed to him4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,we wind up the side of the mountain like this for several miles1 says ,eric1 then we travel along a ridge for some distance1 and finally we ascend the peak formerly called the ,black ,dome1 now ,mount ,mitchell4 ,the whole distance is about twelve miles1 and the most of it is steady climbing4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,and it was in this wilderness that ,professor ,mitchell lost his life sixteen or seventeen years ago1 was it not8 ,i ask4 ,yes1 ,burnett the guide was one of the men engaged in the search for him4 ,he will tell you all about it4 4 4 ,the forest around us becomes wilder1 greener1 more luxuriant at every step4 4 4 4 ,presently1 however1 the aspect of our surroundings changes4 ,we leave this varied forest behind1 and enter the region of the balsam1 from the dark color of which the mountain takes its name4 ,above a certain line of elevation no trees are found save these beautiful yet sombre firs4 ,they grow to an immense height and stand so thickly together that one marvels how any animal larger than a cat can thread its way among their stems4 ,overhead the boughs interlock in a canopy1 making perpetual shade beneath4 ,no shrubs of any kind are to be found here--only beds of thick elastic moss1 richer than the richest velvet1 and ferns in plumy profusion4 4 4 4 ,dan ,burnett leads on1 and presently we emerge on the largest and most beautiful of the little prairies through which we have passed4 ,this stretch of open ground lies at the foot of the highest peak1 the abrupt sides of which rise in conical shape before us4 ,it is here1 ,mr4 ,burnett tells us1 that the mountaineers who were searching for ,professor ,mitchell found the first trace of the way he had taken4 ,we had been searchin' from ,friday to ,tuesday1 he says1 and on ,tuesday we was pretty nigh disheartened1 when ,wilson--an old hunter from over in ,yancey--said he hadn't no doubt the professor had tried to go down to ,caney ,valley by a trail they two had followed thirteen years afore1 and which leads that way--he points down into the dark wilds below us4 ,well1 we looked along the edge of this here prairie till we found a track4 ,wilson was right--he had tried to go down to ,caney ,valley4 ,we follered his trail fur about four mile1 and ,i was one of them what found him at last4 ,he had lost his way1 says ,eric4 ,i have seen the spot--they call it ,mitchell's ,falls now--where he died4 ,a stream of considerable size plunges over a precipice of about forty feet into a basin fourteen feet deep by as many wide4 ,into this he fell1 probably at night4 ,but how was it possible to bring a dead body up these steeps8 ,sylvia says1 addressing ,mr4 ,burnett4 ,we brought it in a sheet slung to the top of stout poles1 he answers4 ,then it were carried down to ,asheville1 and then brought up again1 and buried there--he nods to the peak above us4 ,in the warmth of their great friendship and admiration1 people thought that he ought to rest in the midst of the scenes he had explored so fearlessly and loved so well1 says ,eric4 4 4 4 ,before long we gain the top1 and the first object on which our eyes rest is--the grave4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,besides the grave1 the summit is entirely bare4 ,the view is so immense that one is forced to regard it in sections4 ,far to the north east lies ,virginia1 from which the long waving line of the ,blue ,ridge comes1 and passes directly under the ,black1 making a point of junction1 near which it towers into the steep ,pinnacle and stately ,graybeard--so called from the white beard which it wears when a frozen cloud has iced its rhododendrons4 ,from our greater eminence we overlook the ,blue ,ridge entirely1 and see the country below spreading into azure distance1 with white spots which resolve themselves through the glasses into villages1 and mountains clearly defined4 ,the ,linville range--through which the ,linville ,river forces its way in a gorge of wonderful grandeur--is in full view1 with a misty cloud lying on the surface of ,table ,rock1 while the peculiar form of the ,hawk's ,bill stands forth in marked relief4 ,beyond1 blue and limitless as the ocean1 the undulating plain of the more level country extends until it melts into the sky4 ,as the glance leaves this view1 and1 sweeping back over the ,blue ,ridge1 follows the main ledge of the ,black1 one begins to appreciate the magnitude of this great mountain4 ,for miles along its dark crest appear a succession of cone-like peaks1 and1 as it sweeps around westwardly1 it divides into two great branches--one of which terminates in the height on which we stand1 while numerous spurs lead off from its base2 the other stretches southward1 forming the splendid chain of ,craggy4 ,at our feet lie the elevated counties of ,yancey and ,mitchell1 with their surfaces so unevenly mountainous that one wonders how men could have been daring enough to think of making their homes amid such wild scenes4 4 4 4 ,beyond these counties stretches the chain of the ,unaka1 running along the line of ,tennessee1 with the ,roan ,mountain--famous for its extensive view over seven states--immediately in our front4 ,through the passes and rugged chasms of this range1 we look across the entire valley of ,east ,tennessee to where the blue outlines of the ,cumberland ,mountains trend toward ,kentucky1 and we see distinctly a marked depression which ,eric says is ,cumberland ,gap4 ,turning our gaze due westward1 the view is1 if possible1 still more grand4 ,there the colossal masses of the ,great ,smoky stand1 draped in a mantle of clouds1 while through ,haywood and ,transylvania1 to the borders of ,south ,carolina1 rise the peaks of the ,balsam ,mountains1 behind which are the ,cullowhee and the ,nantahala1 with the ,blue ,ridge making a majestic curve toward the point where ,georgia touches the ,carolinas4 4 4 4 4 ,it is enough to sit and watch the inexpressible beauty of the vast prospect us afternoon slowly wanes into evening4 ,there is a sense of isolation1 of solemnity and majesty1 in the scene which none of us are likely to forget4 ,so high are we elevated above the world that the pure vault of ether over our heads seems nearer to us than the blue rolling earth1 with its wooded hills and smiling valleys below4 ,no sound comes up to us1 no voice of water or note of bird breaks the stillness4 ,we are in the region of that eternal silence which wraps the summits of the everlasting hills4 ,a repose that is full of awe broods over this lofty peak1 which still retains the last rays of the sinking sun1 while over the lower world twilight has fallen4 ,,footnote3 #dd ,by permission of the author1 and publishers1 ,d4 ,appleton ,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,henry ,,woodfen ,,grady4 #aheaahhi4 ,,henry ,,woodfen ,,grady was born at ,athens1 ,georgia1 and educated at the ,state ,university4 ,he became an editor1 and in #ahhj purchased an interest in the ,atlanta ,constitution on whose staff he remained till his death4 ,his articles1 addresses1 and editorials made his name well known throughout the country1 and contributed no little to the development of ,southern industries after the war4 ,a monument has been erected to him in ,atlanta4 ,,works4 ,the ,new ,south1 a series of articles4 ,editorials1 addresses1 c4 ,,the ,,south ,,before ,,the ,,war4 7,from ,the ,new ,south1 #ahhi4de7 ,illustration3 ,grady ,monument1 ,atlanta1 ,ga4 ,master and ,slave4--,perhaps no period of human history has been more misjudged and less understood than the slaveholding era in the ,south4 ,slavery as an institution cannot be defended2 but its administration was so nearly perfect among our forefathers as to challenge and hold our loving respect4 ,it is doubtful if the world has seen a peasantry so happy and so well-to-do as the negro slaves in ,america4 ,the world was amazed at the fidelity with which these slaves guarded1 from #ahfa to #ahfe1 the homes and families of the masters who were fighting with the army that barred their way to freedom4 ,if ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin had portrayed the rule of slavery rather than the rarest exception1 not all the armies that went to the field could have stayed the flood of rapine and arson and pillage that would have started with the first gun of the civil war4 ,instead of that1 witness the miracle of the slave in loyalty to his master1 closing the fetters upon his own limbs--maintaining and defending the families of those who fought against his freedom--and at night on the far-off battle-field searching among the carnage for his young master1 that he might lift the dying head to his breast and bend to catch the last words to the old folks at home1 so wrestling the meantime in agony and love that he would lay down his life in his master's stead4 ,history has no parallel to the faith kept by the negro in the ,south during the war4 ,often five hundred negroes to a single white man1 and yet through these dusky throngs the women and children walked in safety1 and the unprotected homes rested in peace4 ,unmarshalled1 the black battalions moved patiently to the fields in the morning to feed the armies their idleness would have starved1 and at night gathered anxiously at the big house to hear the news from marster1 though conscious that his victory made their chains enduring4 ,everywhere humble and kindly4 ,the body-guard of the helpless4 ,the rough companion of the little ones4 ,the observant friend4 ,the silent sentry in his lowly cabin4 ,the shrewd counsellor4 ,and when the dead came home1 a mourner at the open grave4 ,a thousand torches would have disbanded every ,southern army1 but not one was lighted4 ,when the master1 going to a war in which slavery was involved1 said to his slave1 ,i leave my home and loved ones in your charge1 the tenderness between man and master stood disclosed4 ,the ,northern man1 dealing with casual servants1 querulous1 sensitive1 and lodged for a day in a sphere they resent1 can hardly comprehend the friendliness and sympathy that existed between the master and the slave4 ,he cannot understand how the negro stood in slavery days1 open-hearted and sympathetic1 full of gossip and comradeship1 the companion of the hunt1 frolic1 furrow1 and home1 contented in the kindly dependence that had been a habit of his blood1 and never lifting his eyes beyond the narrow horizon that shut him in with his neighbors and friends4 ,but this relation did exist in the days of slavery4 ,it was the rule of that rgime4 ,it has survived war1 and strife1 and political campaigns in which the drum-beat inspired and ,federal bayonets fortified4 ,it will never die until the last slaveholder and slave has been gathered to rest4 ,it is the glory of our past in the ,south4 ,it is the answer to abuse and slander4 ,it is the hope of our future4 ,ante-bellum ,civilization4--,the relations of the races in slavery must be clearly understood to understand what has followed1 and to judge of what is yet to come4 ,not less important is it to have some clear idea of the civilization of that period4 ,that was a peculiar society4 ,almost feudal in its splendor1 it was almost patriarchal in its simplicity4 ,leisure and wealth gave it exquisite culture4 ,its wives and mothers1 exempt from drudgery1 and almost from care1 gave to their sons1 through patient and constant training1 something of their own grace and gentleness and to their homes beauty and light4 ,its people1 homogeneous by necessity1 held straight and simple faith1 and were religious to a marked degree along the old lines of ,christian belief4 ,this same homogeneity bred a hospitality that was as kinsmen to kinsmen1 and that wasted at the threshold of every home what the more frugal people of the ,north conserved and invested in public charities4 ,the code duello furnished the highest appeal in dispute4 ,an affront to a lad was answered at the pistol's mouth4 ,the sense of quick responsibility tempered the tongues of even the most violent1 and the newspapers of ,south ,carolina for eight years1 it is said1 did not contain one abusive word4 ,the ownership of slaves1 even more than of realty1 held families steadfast on their estates1 and everywhere prevailed the sociability of established neighborhoods4 ,money counted least in making the social status1 and constantly ambitious and brilliant youngsters from no estate married into the families of the planter princes4 ,meanwhile the one character utterly condemned and ostracized was the man who was mean to his slaves4 ,even the coward was pitied and might have been liked4 ,for the cruel master there was no toleration4 ,the ante-bellum society had immense force4 ,working under the slavery which brought the suspicion or hostility of the world1 and which practically beleaguered it within walls1 it yet accomplished good things4 ,for the first sixty-four years of the republic it furnished the president for fifty-two years4 ,its statesmen demanded the war of #ahab1 opened it with but five ,northern senators supporting it1 and its general1 ,jackson1 won the decisive battle of ,new ,orleans4 ,it was a ,southern statesman who added the ,louisiana territory of more than #a1jjj1jjj square miles to our domain4 ,under a ,southern statesman ,florida was acquired from ,spain4 ,against the opposition of the free ,states1 the ,southern influence forced the war with ,mexico1 and annexed the superb empire of ,texas1 brought in ,new ,mexico1 and opened the gates of the republic to the ,pacific4 ,scott and ,taylor1 the heroes of the ,mexican war1 were ,southern men4 ,in material1 as in political affairs1 the old ,south was masterful4 ,the first important railroad operated in ,america traversed ,carolina4 ,the first steamer that crossed the ocean cleared from ,savannah4 ,the first college established for girls was opened in ,georgia4 ,no naturalist has surpassed ,audubon2 no geographer equalled ,maury2 and ,sims and ,mc,donald led the world of surgery in their respective lines4 ,it was ,crawford ,long1 of ,georgia1 who gave to the world the priceless blessing of ansthesia4 ,the wealth accumulated by the people was marvellous4 ,and1 though it is held that slavery enriched the few at the general expense1 ,georgia and ,carolina were the richest ,states1 per capita1 in the ,union in #ahjj1 saving ,rhode ,island4 ,some idea of the desolation of the war may be had from the fact that1 in spite of their late remarkable recuperation1 they are now1 excepting ,idaho1 the poorest ,states1 per capita1 in the ,union4 ,so rich was the ,south in #ahfj1 that ,mr4 ,lincoln spoke but common sentiment when he said3 ,if we let the ,south go1 where shall we get our revenues8 ,in its engaging grace--in the chivalry that tempered even ,quixotism with dignity--in the piety that saved master and slave alike--in the charity that boasted not--in the honor held above estate--in the hospitality that neither condescended nor cringed--in frankness and heartiness and wholesome comradeship--in the reverence paid to womanhood and the inviolable respect in which woman's name was held--the civilization of the old slave rgime in the ,south has not been surpassed1 and perhaps will not be equalled1 among men4 ,and as the fidelity of the slave during the war bespoke the kindness of the master before the war1 so the unquestioning reverence with which the young men of the ,south accepted1 in #ahfe1 their heritage of poverty and defeat1 proved the strength and excellence of the civilization from which that heritage had come4 ,in cheerfulness they bestirred themselves amid the ashes and the wrecks1 and1 holding the inspiration of their past to be better than their rich acres and garnered wealth1 went out to rebuild their fallen fortunes1 with never a word of complaint1 nor the thought of criticism6 ,,footnote3 #de ,by permission of ,new ,york ,ledger1 ,robert ,bonner's ,sons1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,thomas ,,nelson ,,page4 #ahec----4 ,,thomas ,,nelson ,,page was born at ,oakland1 ,hanover ,county1 ,virginia1 of distinguished ancestry4 ,he was educated at ,washington and ,lee ,university1 studied law1 and settled in ,richmond4 ,his first writings were poems and stories in the ,virginia negro dialect1 some of them in connection with ,armistead ,churchill ,gordon4 ,he is now 7#ahid7 editor of ,the ,drawer in ,harper's ,monthly1 and stands high as one of the younger writers of our country4 ,,works4 ,in ,ole ,virginia1 stories in negro dialect4 ,two ,little ,confederates4 ,elsket1 and other ,stories4 ,essays on the ,south1 its literature1 the ,negro question1 c41 in magazines4 ,befo' de ,wa'1 7with ,a4 ,c4 ,gordon74 ,on ,new ,found ,river4 ,pastime ,stories1 written for ,the ,drawer4 ,among the ,camps1 stories4 ,illustration3 ,agricultural and ,mechanical ,college of ,mississippi4 ,mr4 ,page delineates finely the old ,virginia darkey and his dialect1 as ,mr4 ,harris does the darkey of the ,carolinas and ,georgia4 ,there is a marked difference between them4 ,the naturalness of his style1 the skill with which he uses seemingly indifferent incidents and sayings to trick out and light up his pictures1 the apparently unintentional and therefore most effective touches of pathos1 are uncommon4 ,,marse ,,chan',s ,,last ,,battle4 7,from ,marse ,chan3 ,in ,ole ,virginia4#df7 ,well1 jes' den dey blowed boots an' saddles1 an' we mounted3 an' de orders come to ride 'roun' de slope1 an' ,marse ,chan's comp'ny wuz de secon'1 an' when we got 'roun' dyah1 we wuz right in it4 ,hit wuz de wust place ever dis nigger got in4 ,an' dey said1 ',charge 'em6' an' my king6 ef ever you see bullets fly1 dey did dat day4 ,hit wuz jes' like hail2 an' we wen' down de slope 7,i 'long wid de res'7 an' up de hill right to'ds de cannons1 an' de fire wuz so strong dyar 7dey had a whole rigiment of infintrys layin' down dyar onder de cannons7 our lines sort o' broke an' stop2 de cun'l was kilt1 an' ,i b'lieve dey wuz jes' 'bout to bre'k all to pieces1 when ,marse ,chan rid up an' cotch hol' de fleg1 an' hollers1 ',foller me6' and rid strainin' up de hill 'mong de cannons4 ,i seen 'im when he went1 de sorrel four good lengths ahead o' ev'ry urr hoss1 jes' like he use' to be in a fox-hunt1 an' de whole rigiment right arfter 'im4 ,yo' ain' nuvver hear thunder6 ,fust thing ,i knowed1 de roan roll' head over heels an' flung me up 'g'inst de bank1 like yo' chuck a nubbin over 'g'inst de foot o' de corn pile4 ,an' dat's what kep' me from bein' kilt1 ,i 'spects4 ,judy she say she think 'twuz ,providence1 but ,i think 'twuz de bank4 ,o' c'ose1 ,providence put de bank dyah1 but how come ,providence nuver saved ,marse ,chan8 ,when ,i look 'roun' de roan wuz lyin' dyah by me1 stone dead1 wid a cannon-ball gone 'mos' th'oo him1 an' our men had done swep' dem on t'urr side from de top o' de hill4 ',twan' mo'n a minit1 de sorrel come gallupin' back wid his mane flyin'1 an' de rein hangin' down on one side to his knee4 ',dyar6' says ,i1 'fo' ,god6 ,i 'spects dey done kill ,marse ,chan1 an' ,i promised to tek care on him4' ,i jumped up an' run over de bank1 an' dyar1 wid a whole lot o' dead men1 an' some not dead yit1 onder one o' de guns1 wid de fleg still in he han'1 an' a bullet right th'oo he body1 lay ,marse ,chan4 ,i tu'n him over an' call him1 ',marse ,chan6' but 'twan' no use1 he wuz done gone home1 sho' 'nuff4 ,i pick 'im up in my arms wid de fleg still in he han's1 an' toted' im back jes' like ,i did dat day when he wus a baby1 an' ole marster gin 'im to me in my arms1 an' sez he could trus' me1 an' tell me to tek keer on 'im long ez he lived4 ,i kyar'd 'im 'way off de battle-fiel' out de way o' de balls1 an' ,i laid 'im down onder a big tree till ,i could git somebody to ketch the sorrel for me4 ,he wuz cotched arfter a while1 an' ,i hed some money1 so ,i got some pine plank an' made a coffin dat evenin'1 an' wrapt ,marse ,chan's body up in de fleg1 and put 'im in de coffin2 but ,i didn' nail de top on strong1 'cause ,i knowed ole missis wan' see 'im2 an' ,i got a' ambulance1 an' set out for home dat night4 ,we reached dyar de nex' evenin'1 arfter travellin' all dat night an' all nex' day4 ,,footnote3 #df ,by permission of author1 and publishers1 ,charles ,scribner's ,sons1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,mary ,,noailles ,,murfree4 ,,charles ,,egbert ,,craddock4 ,,miss ,,murfree was born at ,grantlands1 near ,murfreesboro1 ,tennessee1 the family home inherited from her great-grandfather1 ,colonel ,hardy ,murfree1 for whom the town was named4 ,her youth was spent here and in ,nashville1 the summers being passed in the ,tennessee ,mountains3 shortly after the ,civil ,war1 her father removed to ,st4 ,louis1 and it was there that she began to write4 ,her stories are laid mainly in the mountains of ,tennessee and describe vividly and truly the people1 life1 and exquisite scenery of that region4 ,,works4 ,in the ,tennessee ,mountains1 short stories4 ,down the ,ravine4 ,in the ,clouds4 ,despot of ,broomsedge ,cove4 ,phantoms of the ,foot-,bridge4 ,where the ,battle ,was ,fought4 ,prophet of the ,great ,smoky ,mountains4 ,story of ,keedon ,bluffs4 ,in the ,stranger ,people's ,country4 ,,the ,,harnt ,,that ,,walks ,,chilhowee4 7,from ,in the ,tennessee ,mountains4#dg7 ,illustration3 ,a ,summer and ,winter ,view of the ,university of ,tennessee1 ,knoxville1 ,tenn4 ,june had crossed the borders of ,tennessee4 ,even on the summit of ,chilhowee ,mountain the apples in ,peter ,giles' orchard were beginning to redden1 and his ,indian corn1 planted on so steep a declivity that the stalks seemed to have much ado to keep their footing1 was crested with tassels and plumed with silk4 ,among the dense forests1 seen by no man's eye1 the elder was flying its creamy banners in honor of ,june's coming1 and1 heard by no man's ear1 the pink and white bells of the azalea rang out melodies of welcome4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,then the two men tilted their chairs against the little porch in front of ,peter ,giles' log cabin1 and puffed their pipes in silence4 ,the panorama spread out before them showed misty and dreamy among the delicate spiral wreaths of smoke4 ,but was that gossamer-like illusion1 lying upon the far horizon1 the magic of nicotian1 or the vague presence of distant heights8 ,as ridge after ridge came down from the sky in ever-graduating shades of intenser blue1 ,peter ,giles might have told you that this parallel system of enchantment was only the mountings2 that here was ,foxy1 and there was ,big ,injun1 and still beyond was another1 which he had hearn tell ran spang up into ,virginny4 ,the sky that bent to clasp this kindred blue was of varying moods4 ,floods of sunshine submerged ,chilhowee in liquid gold1 and revealed that dainty outline limned upon the northern horizon2 but over the ,great ,smoky mountains1 clouds had gathered and a gigantic rainbow bridged the valley4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,simon ,burney did not speak for a moment4 4 4 4 ,that's a likely gal o' yourn1 he drawled1 with an odd constraint in his voice1--a likely gal1 that ,clarsie4 4 4 4 ,yes1 ,peter ,giles at length replied1 ,clarsie air a likely enough gal4 ,but she air mightily sot ter havin' her own way4 ,an' ef 't ain't give to her peaceable-like1 she jes' takes it1 whether or no4 ,this statement1 made by one presumably informed on the subject1 might have damped the ardor of many a suitor1--for the monstrous truth was dawning on ,peter ,giles's mind that suitor was the position to which this slow elderly widower aspired4 ,but ,simon ,burney1 with that odd1 all-pervading constraint still prominently apparent1 mildly observed1 ,waal1 ez much ez ,i hev seen of her goin's-on1 it 'pears ter me az her way air a mighty good way4 ,an' it ain't comical that she likes it4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,the song grew momentarily more distinct3 among the leaves there were fugitive glimpses of blue and white1 and at last ,clarsie appeared1 walking lightly along the log1 clad in her checked homespun dress1 and with a pail upon her head4 ,she was a tall lithe girl1 with that delicately transparent complexion often seen among the women of these mountains4 ,her lustreless black hair lay along her forehead without a ripple or a wave2 there was something in the expression of her large eyes that suggested those of a deer1--something free1 untamable1 and yet gentle4 ',tain't no wonder ter me ez ,clarsie is all tuk up with the wild things1 an' critters ginerally1 her mother was wont to say2 she sorter looks like 'em1 ,i'm a-thinkin'4 ,as she came in sight there was a renewal of that odd constraint in ,simon ,burney's face and manner1 and he rose abruptly4 ,waal1 he said1 hastily1 going to his horse1 a raw-boned sorrel1 hitched to the fence1 it's about time ,i war a-startin' home1 ,i reckons4 ,he nodded to his host1 who silently nodded in return1 and the old horse jogged off with him down the road1 as ,clarsie entered the house and placed the pail upon a shelf4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,the breeze freshened1 after the sun went down1 4 4 4 there were stars in the night besides those known to astronomers2 the stellular fire-flies gemmed the black shadows with a fluctuating brilliancy2 they circled in and out of the porch1 and touched the leaves above ,clarsie's head with quivering points of light4 ,a steadier and an intenser gleam was advancing along the road1 and the sound of languid footsteps came with it2 the aroma of tobacco graced the atmosphere1 and a tall figure walked up to the gate4 ,come in1 come in1 said ,peter ,giles1 rising1 and tendering the guest a chair4 ,ye air ,tom ,pratt1 ez well ez ,i kin make out by this light4 ,waal1 ,tom1 we hain't furgot ye sence ye done been hyar4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,the young man took leave presently1 in great depression of spirits4 4 4 4 ,clarsie ascended the ladder to a nook in the roof which she called her room4 ,for the first time in her life her slumber was fitful and restless1 long intervals of wakefulness alternating with snatches of fantastic dreams4 4 4 4 ,and then her mind reverted to ,tom ,pratt1 to old ,simon ,burney1 and to her mother's emphatic and oracular declaration that widowers are in league with ,satan1 and that the girls upon whom they cast the eye of supernatural fascination have no choice in the matter4 ,i wish ,i knowed ef that thar sayin' war true1 she murmured1 her face still turned to the western spurs1 and the moon sinking slowly toward them4 ,with a sudden resolution she rose to her feet4 ,she knew a way of telling fortunes which was1 according to tradition1 infallible1 and she determined to try it1 and ease her mind as to her future4 ,now was the propitious moment4 ,i hev always hearn that it won't come true 'thout ye try it jes' before daybreak1 an' kneelin' down at the forks of the road4 ,she hesitated a moment and listened intently4 ,they'd never git done a-laffin' at me1 ef they fund it out1 she thought4 4 4 4 ,she went out into the road4 ,she fixed her eyes upon the mystic sphere dropping down the sky1 knelt among the azaleas at the forks of the road1 and repeated the time-honored invocation3 ,ef ,i'm a-goin' ter marry a young man1 whistle1 ,bird1 whistle4 ,ef ,i'm a-goin' ter marry an old man1 low1 ,cow1 low4 ,ef ,i ain't a-goin' ter marry nobody1 knock1 ,death1 knock4 ,there was a prolonged silence in the matutinal freshness and perfume of the woods4 ,she raised her head1 and listened attentively4 ,no chirp of half-awakened bird1 no tapping of wood-pecker or the mysterious death-watch2 but from far along the dewy aisles of the forest1 the ungrateful ,spot that ,clarsie had fed more faithfully than herself1 lifted up her voice1 and set the echoes vibrating4 ,clarsie1 however1 had hardly time for a pang of disappointment4 ,while she still knelt among the azaleas1 her large deer-like eyes were suddenly dilated with terror4 ,from around the curve of the road came the quick beat of hastening footsteps1 the sobbing sound of panting breath1 and between her and the sinking moon there passed an attenuated one-armed figure1 with a pallid sharpened face1 outlined for a moment on its brilliant disk1 and dreadful starting eyes1 and quivering open mouth4 ,it disappeared in an instant among the shadows of the laurel1 and ,clarsie1 with a horrible fear clutching at her heart1 sprang to her feet4 4 4 4 the ghost stood before her4 ,she could not nerve herself to run past him1 and he was directly in her way homeward4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,ye do ez ye air bid1 or it'll be the worse for ye1 said the harnt in a quivering shrill tone4 ,thar's hunger in the nex' worl' ez well ez in this1 an' ye bring me some vittles hyar this time ter-morrer1 an' don't ye tell nobody ye hev seen me1 nuther1 or it'll be the worse for ye4 4 4 4 ,the next morning1 before the moon sank1 ,clarsie1 with a tin pail in her hand1 went to meet the ghost at the appointed place4 4 4 4 4 4 ,morning was close at hand4 4 4 4 4 4 the leaves fell into abrupt commotion1 and he was standing in the road1 beside her4 ,he did not speak1 but watched her with an eager1 questioning intentness1 as she placed the contents of the pail upon the moss at the roadside4 ,i'm a-comin' agin ter-morrer1 she said1 gently4 4 4 4 ,then she slowly walked along her misty way in the dim light of the coming dawn4 ,there was a footstep in the road behind her2 she thought it was the ghost once more4 ,she turned1 and met ,simon ,burney1 face to face4 ,his rod was on his shoulder1 and a string of fish was in his hand4 ,ye air a-doin' wrongful1 ,clarsie1 he said sternly4 ,it air agin the law fur folks ter feed an' shelter them ez is a-runnin' from jestice4 ,an' ye'll git yerself inter trouble4 ,other folks will find ye out1 besides me1 an' then the sheriff 'll be up hyar arter ye4 ,the tears rose to ,clarsie's eyes4 ,this prospect was infinitely more terrifying than the awful doom which follows the horror of a ghost's speech4 ,i can't help it1 she said1 however1 doggedly swinging the pail back and forth4 ,i can't gin my consent ter starvin' of folks1 even if they air a-hidin' an' a-runnin' from jestice4 4 4 4 4 ,,footnote3 #dg ,by permission of ,houghton1 ,mifflin1 and ,company1 ,boston4 ,,danske ,,dandridge4 #ahei----4 ,,mrs4 ,,dandridge was born in ,copenhagen1 when her father1 ,honorable ,henry ,bedinger1 was minister to ,denmark4 ,in #ahgg she was married to ,mr4 ,stephen ,dandridge of ,shepherdstown1 ,west ,virginia4 ,her first name1 ,danske1 is the pretty ,danish word for ,dane1 and is pronounced in two syllables4 ,,works4 ,joy1 and other ,poems4 ,mrs4 ,dandridge's poems are as dainty and airy as if the elves themselves had led her to their bowers and discovered to her their secrets2 and this is truly what her poetic sense has done1 for the poet is a seer and singer of the secrets of nature4 ,,the ,,spirit ,,and ,,the ,,wood ,,sparrow4 7,from ,joy1 and other ,poems4#dh7 ',twas long ago3 ,the place was very fair2 ,and from a cloud of snow ,a spirit of the air ,dropped to the earth below4 ,it was a spot by man untrod1 ,just where ,i think is only known to ,god4 ,the spirit1 for a while1 ,because of beauty freshly made ,could only smile2 ,then grew the smiling to a song1 ,and as he sang he played ,upon a moonbeam-wired cithole ,shaped like a soul4 ,there was no ear ,or far or near1 ,save one small sparrow of the wood1 ,that song to hear4 ,this1 in a bosky tree1 ,heard all1 and understood ,as much as a small sparrow could ,by sympathy4 ',twas a fair sight ,that morn of ,spring1 ,when on the lonely height1 ,the spirit paused to sing1 ,then through the air took flight ,still lilting on the wing4 ,and the shy bird1 ,who all had heard1 ,straightway began ,to practice o'er the lovely strain2 ,again1 again2 ,though indistinct and blurred1 ,he tried each word1 ,until he caught the last far sounds that fell ,like the faint tinkles of a fairy bell4 ,now when ,i hear that song1 ,which has no earthly tone1 ,my soul is carried with the strain along ,to the everlasting ,throne2 ,to bow in thankfulness and prayer1 ,and gain fresh faith1 and love1 and patience1 there4 ,,footnote3 #dh ,by permission of the author1 and publishers4 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,am,,lie ,,rives ,,chanler4 #ahfc----4 ,,mrs4 ,,chanler1 or ,,am,,lie ,,rives as she still styles herself in writing1 was born in ,richmond1 ,virginia1 but passed her early life at the family place in ,albemarle ,county1 called ,castle ,hill4 ,she is a granddaughter of ,william ,cabell ,rives1 once minister to ,france and author of ,life of ,madison2 and her grandmother1 ,mrs4 ,judith ,walker ,rives1 was a woman of much ability1 and left some writings entitled ,home and the ,world1 and ,residence in ,europe4 ,she was married in #ahhh to ,mr4 ,john ,armstrong ,chanler of ,new ,york and has since spent much time in ,paris1 studying painting for which she has as great fondness as for writing4 ,her first stories were written in the style of the time of ,shakspere2 the best of them is ,farrier ,lass o' ,piping ,pebworth4 ,they created a sensation as they came out and were said to be the work of a girl under twenty4 ,she has also written stories of ,virginia life and of modern times2 besides poems1 and dramas1 in which last her talents seem to reach a higher plane than in any other kind of writing4 ,,works4 ,a ,brother to ,dragons4 ,farrier ,lass o' ,piping ,pebworth4 ,virginia of ,virginia4 ,the ,quick or the ,dead8 ,according to ,st4 ,john4 ,athelwold1 drama4 ,barbara ,dering1 sequel to ,the ,quick or the ,dead8 ,nurse ,crumpet ,tells the ,story4 ,story of ,arnon4 ,inja4 ,witness of the ,sun4 ,herod and ,mariamne1 drama4 ,poems1 scattered in magazines4 ,tanis1 the ,sang-,digger4 ,,tanis4 7,from ,tanis1 the ,sang-,digger4#di7 ,gilman was driving along one of the well-kept turnpikes that wind about the ,warm ,springs ,valley4 ,he recognized the austere and solemn beauty that hemmed him in from the far-off outer world2 but at the same time he was contrasting it with the sea-coast of his native ,state1 ,massachusetts1 and a certain creeping homesickness began to rise about his heart4 ,illustration3 ,model ,school1 ,peabody ,normal ,college4 ,in addition to this1 he had left his delicate wife suffering with an acute neuralgic headache1 and also saddened by a yearning for the picturesque old farm-house in which he had been born1 and where they had lived during the first year of marriage4 ,the trap which ,gilman drove was filled with surveying instruments1 and1 as he turned into the rough mountain road1 which led towards the site of the new railway for which he was now prospecting1 the smaller ones began to rattle together and slide from the seat beside him4 ,finally1 as the cart slipped against a stone1 the level bounced into a puddle4 ,he was about to jump out when a bold1 ringing voice called to him3 ,set still--,a'll pick hit up4 ,then a figure slid down the rocky bank at his right1 her one garment wrinkling from her bare1 sturdy legs during the performance4 ,gilman had never seen anything like her in his thirty years of varied experience4 ,she was very tall4 ,a curtain of rough1 glittering curls hung to her knees4 ,her face1 clear with that clearness which only a mountain wind can bring1 was white as a seagull's breast1 except where a dark1 yet vivid pink melted into the blue veins on her temples and throat4 ,her round1 fresh lips1 smooth as a peony-leaf1 were parted in a wide laugh1 over teeth large and yellow-white1 like the grains on an ear of corn4 ,she wore a loose tunic of blue-gray stuff1 which reached to the middle of her legs1 covered with grass stains and patches of mould4 ,her bare feet1 somewhat broadened by walking1 were well-shaped1 the great toe standing apart from the others1 the strong1 round ankles1 although scratched and bruised1 perfectly symmetrical4 ,her arms1 bare almost to the shoulder1 were like those with which in imagination we complete the ,milo4 ,eyes1 round and colored like the edges of broken glass1 looked out boldly from under her long black eyebrows4 ,her nose was straight and well cut1 but set impertinently4 ,as she picked up the muddy level she laughed boisterously and wiped it on her frock4 ,thank you1 said ,gilman1 and then1 after a second's hesitation1 added3 ,where are you going8 ,perhaps ,i can give you a lift on your way8 ,will you get in8 ,well1 a done keer ef a do1 she said1 still staring at him4 ,she got in and took the level on her knee1 then burst out laughing again-- ,a reckon yuh wonders what a'm a haw-hawin' at8 she asked1 suddenly4 ,well1 a'll tell yuh6 ',tiz case a feels jess like this hyuh contrapshun o' yourn4 ,a haint hed a bite sence five this mawnin'1 and a've got a bubble in th' middle o' me1 a ken tell yuh6 ,she opened her flexible mouth almost to her ears1 showing both rows of speckless teeth1 and roaring mirthfully again4 ,i've got some sandwiches1 here--won't you have one8 said ,gilman4 ,dunno--what be they8 she asked1 rather suspiciously1 eyeing him sidewise4 ,he explained to her1 and she accepted one1 tearing from it a huge semi-circle1 which she held in her cheek while exclaiming3 ,murder6 hain't that good1 though8 ,d'yuh eat them things ev'y day8 ,yuh looks hit6 ,you're a real fine-lookin' feller--mos' ez good-lookin' ez ,bill4 ,who is ,bill8 asked ,gilman1 much interested in this1 his first conversation with a genuine savage4 ,bill8 he's muh pard1 an' muh brother1 too4 ,i come down hyuh tuh git him a drink o' water1 but a hain't foun' a spring yit4 ,no1 there isn't one in several miles1 said ,gilman4 ,hyuh6 she cried4 ,lemme git out4 4 4 4 ,and she was out1 with the bound of a deer4 ,you g'long1 she said2 a'm sorry a rode this far wi' you4 ,you'll larf 'bout muh bar foots1 an' this hyuh rag o' mine1 wi' them po' white trash an' niggers4 ,whar you fum1 anyhow8 ,you hain't a ,fuginia feller4 ,a kin tell by yo' talk4 ,you called roots 'ruts' jess now1 an' yuh said we'd 'sun' be whar them other fellers be4 ,whar you fum8 ,from ,massachusetts1 said ,gilman4 ,s'that another langidge fuh some name a knows8 ,no--it's the real name of another ,state4 ,well1 hit's 'nuff tuh twis' a body's tongue1 fuh life1 so a done blame yuh s'much fuh yo' funny talk4 ,mawnin'4 ,and she began to swing herself upon a great lichen-crested boulder by the roadside4 4 4 4 4 4 ,gilman was naturally curious as to the type of the young barbarian whom he had met on his drive to ,black ,creek1 and1 during a pause in his work1 he told a young fellow named ,watkins of his adventure1 and asked him to what class the girl belonged4 ,i reckon1 sir1 she was a sang-digger1 said ,watkins1 laughing4 ,they're a awful wild lot1 mostly bad as they make 'em1 with no more idea of right an' wrong than a lot o' ground-horgs4 ,but what is a 'sang-digger'8 asked ,gilman1 more and more curious4 ,well1 sir1 sang1 or ginseng1 ez the real name is1 is a sorter root that grows thick in the mountains about here4 ,they make some sorter medicine outer it4 ,i've chawed it myself for heartburn4 ,it's right paying1 too--sang-digging is1 sir2 you ken git at least a dollar a pound for it1 an' sometimes you ken dig ten pounds in a day1 but that's right seldom4 ,two or three pounds a day is doin' well4 ,they're a awful low set1 sir1 sang-diggers is4 ,we call 'em 'snakes' hereabouts1 'cause they don't have no place to live cep'in' in winter1 and then they go off somewhere or ruther1 to their huts4 ,but in the summer and early autumn they stop where night ketches 'em1 an' light a fire an' sleep 'round it4 ,they cert'n'y are a bad lot1 sir4 ,they'll steal a sheep or a horse ez quick ez winkin'4 ,why1 t'want a year ago that they stole a mighty pretty mare o' mine1 that ,i set a heap by1 an' rid off her tail an' mane a-tearin' through the brush with her4 ,she got loose somehow an' come back to me4 ,but they stole two horses for ole ,mr4 ,hawkins1 down near ,fallin' ,springs1 an' he a'in't been able to git 'em back4 ,there's awful murders an' villainies done by 'em4 ,but some o' them sang-digger gals is awful pretty4 4 4 4 ,yes1 sir1 ,i reckon she was a sang-digger1 sure enough4 ,this wild creature of the woods was treated kindly by ,gilman and his wife1 and she finally sacrificed herself to save ,mrs4 ,gilman4 ,,footnote3 #di ,by permission of the author1 and publishers1 the ,town ,topics ,publishing ,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,grace ,,king4 ,,grace ,,king was born in ,new ,orleans1 the daughter of ,william ,w4 ,king1 and has made a reputation as a writer of short stories depicting ,creole life4 ,her ,balcony ,stories are like pictures in their vivid intensity4 ,,works4 ,monsieur ,motte4 ,earthlings4 ,balcony ,stories4 ,bonne ,maman4 ,bayou ,l',ombre4 ,history of ,louisiana4 ,,la ,,grande ,,demoiselle4 ,a ,,balcony ,,story4 7,from the ,century ,magazine1#ej ,jan41 #ahic47 ,that was what she was called by everybody as soon as she was seen or described4 ,her name1 besides baptismal titles1 was ,idalie ,sainte ,foy ,mortemart des ,islets4 ,when she came into society1 in the brilliant little world of ,new ,orleans1 it was the event of the season1 and after she came in1 whatever she did became also events4 ,whether she went1 or did not go2 what she said1 or did not say2 what she wore1 and did not wear--all these became important matters of discussion1 quoted as much or more than what the ,president said1 or the governor thought4 ,and in those days1 the days of '#ei1 ,new ,orleans was not1 as it is now1 a one-heiress place1 but it may be said that one could find heiresses then as one finds type-writing girls now4 ,mademoiselle ,idalie received her birth and what education she had on her parent's plantation1 the famed old ,reine ,sainte ,foy place1 and it is no secret that1 like the ancient kings of ,france1 her birth exceeded her education4 ,it was a plantation1 the ,reine ,sainte ,foy1 the richness and luxury of which are really well described in those perfervid pictures of tropical life1 at one time the passion of philanthropic imaginations1 excited and exciting over the horrors of slavery4 ,although these pictures were then often accused of being purposely exaggerated1 they seem now to fall short of1 instead of surpassing1 the truth4 ,stately walls1 acres of roses1 miles of oranges1 unmeasured fields of cane1 colossal sugar-house--they were all there1 and all the rest of it1 with the slaves1 slaves1 slaves everywhere1 whole villages of negro cabins4 ,and there were also1 most noticeable to the natural1 as well as visionary eye--there were the ease1 idleness1 extravagance1 self-indulgence1 pomp1 pride1 arrogance1 in short the whole enumeration1 the moral sine qua non1 as some people considered it1 of the wealthy slaveholder of aristocratic descent and tastes4 ,what ,mademoiselle ,idalie cared to learn she studied1 what she did not she ignored2 and she followed the same simple rule untrammeled in her eating1 drinking1 dressing1 and comportment generally2 and whatever discipline may have been exercised on the place1 either in fact or fiction1 most assuredly none of it1 even so much as in a threat1 ever attainted her sacred person4 ,when she was just turned sixteen1 ,mademoiselle ,idalie made up her mind to go into society4 ,whether she was beautiful or not1 it is hard to say4 ,it is almost impossible to appreciate properly the beauty of the rich1 the very rich4 ,the unfettered development1 the limitless choice of accessories1 the confidence1 the self-esteem1 the sureness of expression1 the simplicity of purpose1 the ease of execution1--all these produce a certain effect of beauty behind which one really cannot get to measure length of nose1 or brilliancy of the eye4 ,this much can be said2 there was nothing in her that positively contradicted any assumption of beauty on her part1 or credit of it on the part of others4 ,she was very tall and very thin with small head1 long neck1 black eyes1 and abundant straight black hair1--for which her hair-dresser deserved more praise than she1--good teeth of course1 and a mouth that1 even in prayer1 talked nothing but commands2 that is about all she had en fait d'ornements1 as the modistes say4 ,it may be added that she walked as if the ,reine ,sainte ,foy plantation extended over the whole earth1 and the soil of it were too vile for her tread4 ,of course she did not buy her toilets in ,new ,orleans4 ,everything was ordered from ,paris1 and came as regularly through the custom-house as the modes and robes to the milliners4 ,she was furnished by a certain house there1 just as one of a royal family would be at the present day4 ,as this had lasted from her layette up to her sixteenth year1 it may be imagined what took place when she determined to make her dbut4 ,then it was literally1 not metaphorically1 carte blanche1 at least so it got to the ears of society4 ,she took a sheet of note-paper1 wrote the date at the top1 added ,i make my dbut in ,november1 signed her name at the extreme end of the sheet1 addressed it to her dressmaker in ,paris1 and sent it4 4 4 4 4 4 ,that she was admired1 raved about1 loved even1 goes without saying4 ,after the first month she held the refusal of half the beaux of ,new ,orleans4 ,men did absurd1 undignified1 preposterous things for her3 and she8 ,love8 ,marry8 ,the idea never occurred to her4 ,she treated the most exquisite of her pretenders no better than she treated her ,paris gowns1 for the matter of that4 ,she could not even bring herself to listen to a proposal patiently2 whistling to her dogs1 in the middle of the most ardent protestations1 or jumping up and walking away with a shrug of the shoulders1 and a ,bah6 ,well6 every one knows what happened after '#ei4 ,there is no need to repeat4 ,the history of one is the history of all4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,it might have been ten years according to some calculations1 or ten eternities1--the heart and the almanac never agree about time1--but one morning old ,champigny 7they used to call him ,champignon7 was walking along his levee front 4 4 4 when he saw a figure approaching4 ,he had to stop to look at it1 for it was worth while4 ,the head was hidden by a green barege veil1 which the showers had plentifully besprinkled with dew2 a tall thin figure4 4 4 4 ,she was the teacher of the colored school some three or four miles away4 ,ah1 thought ,champigny1 some ,northern lady on a mission4 4 4 4 ,old ,champigny could not get over it that he had never seen her before4 ,but he must have seen her1 and1 with his abstraction and old age1 not have noticed her1 for he found out from the negroes that she had been teaching four or five years there4 ,and he found out also--how1 it is not important--that she was ,idalie ,sainte ,foy ,mortemart des ,islets4 ,la grande demoiselle6 ,he had never known her in the old days1 owing to his uncomplimentary attitude toward women1 but he knew of her1 of course1 and of her family4 4 4 4 4 ,only the good ,god himself knows what passed in ,champigny's mind on the subject4 ,we know only the results4 ,he went and married la grande demoiselle4 ,how8 ,only the good ,god knows that too4 ,,footnote3 #ej ,by permission of the author1 and publishers1 ,the ,century ,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,waitman ,,barbe4 #ahfd----4 ,,waitman ,,barbe was born at ,morgantown1 ,west ,virginia1 and educated at the ,state ,university in that town4 ,since the year #ahhd he has been engaged in editorial and literary pursuits1 being now editor of the ,daily ,state ,journal4 ,he has already made a reputation as a speaker on literary and educational topics3 and his poems1 first appearing in periodicals1 have now been collected into a volume called ,ashes and ,incense1 the first edition of which was exhausted in six months4 ,it has put him among the foremost of the young ,american poets4 ,edmund ,clarence ,stedman says of it3 ,there is real poetry in the book--a voice worth owning and exercising4 ,i am struck with the beauty and feeling of the lyrics which ,i have read--such1 for example1 as the stanzas on ,lanier and ',the ,comrade ,hills4' ,,works4 ,ashes and ,incense4 ,,sidney ,,lanier4 7,from ,ashes and ,incense4#ea7 ,o ,spirit to a kingly holding born6 ,as beautiful as any southern morn ,that wakes to woo the willing hills1 ,thy life was hedged about by ills ,as pitiless as any northern night2 ,yet thou didst make it as thy ,sunrise bright4 ,the seas were not too deep for thee2 thine eye ,was comrade with the farthest star on high4 ,the marsh burst into bloom for thee1-- ,and still abloom shall ever be6 ,its sluggish tide shall henceforth bear alway ,a charm it did not hold until thy day4 ,and ,life walks out upon the slipping sands ,with more of flowers in her trembling hands ,since thou didst suffer and didst sing6 ,and so to thy dear grave ,i bring ,one little rose1 in poor exchange for all ,the flowers that from thy rich hand did fall4 ,,footnote3 #ea ,by permission of the author1 and publishers1 ,j4 ,b4 ,lippincott ,co41 ,phila4 ,,madison ,,cawein4 #ahfe----4 ,,madison ,,cawein1 born at ,louisville1 ,kentucky1 of ,huguenot descent1 is one of our younger poets who seems overflowing with life and fancy4 ,his writings show a wonderful insight into nature and power of expressing her beauties and meanings4 ,the amount of his poetical work is astonishing1 and another volume will soon appear1 entitled ,intimations of the ,beautiful4 ,,works4 ,days and ,dreams4 ,accolon of ,gaul and other ,poems4 ,blooms of the ,berry4 ,lyrics and ,idyls4 ,triumph of ,music4 ,moods and ,memories4 ,poems of ,nature and ,love4 ,red ,leaves and ,roses4 ,,the ,,whippoorwill4 7,from ,red ,leaves and ,roses4#eb7 ,i4 ,above long woodland ways that led ,to dells the stealthy twilights tread ,the west was hot geranium-red2 ,and still1 and still1 ,along old lanes1 the locusts sow ,with clustered curls the ,may-times know1 ,out of the crimson afterglow1 ,we heard the homeward cattle low1 ,and then the far-off1 far-off woe ,of whippoorwill6 of whippoorwill6 ,,ii4 ,beneath the idle beechen boughs ,we heard the cow-bells of the cows ,come slowly jangling towards the house2 ,and still1 and still1 ,beyond the light that would not die ,out of the scarlet-haunted sky1 ,beyond the evening-star's white eye ,of glittering chalcedony1 ,drained out of dusk the plaintive cry ,of whippoorwill6 of whippoorwill6 ,,iii4 ,what is there in the moon1 that swims ,a naked bosom o'er the limbs1 ,that all the wood with magic dims8 ,while still1 while still1 ,among the trees whose shadows grope ',mid ferns and flow'rs the dew-drops ope1-- ,lost in faint deeps of heliotrope ,above the clover-scented slope1-- ,retreats1 despairing past all hope1 ,the whippoorwill1 the whippoorwill4 ,,footnote3 #eb ,by permission of the author1 and publishers1 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,dixie4 ,i4 ,i wish ,i wuz in de land ob cotton1 ,ole times dar am not forgotten2 ,look away6 look away6 look away6 ,dixie land4 ,in ,dixie land whar ,i wuz born in1 ,early on one frosty mornin'2 ,look away6 look away6 look away6 ,dixie land4 ,,chorus4 ,den ,i wish ,i were in ,dixie1 hooray6 hooray6 ,in ,dixie land ,i'll took my stand ,to lib and die in ,dixie1 ,away1 away1 away down south in ,dixie1 ,away1 away1 away down south in ,dixie4 ,,ii4 ,dar's buckwheat cakes and ,ingen batter1 ,makes you fat or a little fatter2 ,den hoe it down and scratch your grabble1 ,to ,dixie land ,i'm bound to trabble4 ,,list ,,of ,,authors4 ,the following is a list of other authors and works that would have been included in the body of the book if space had allowed4 ,it is with great regret that only this mention of them can be made4 ,see ,list of ,southern ,writers for fuller notice4 ,allan1 ,william3 ,army of ,northern ,virginia4 ,asbury1 ,francis3 ,journals4 ,blair1 ,james3 ,state of ,his ,majesty's ,colony in ,virginia4 ,bledsoe1 ,albert ,taylor3 ,a ,theodicy1 ,is ,davis a ,traitor8 ,brock1 ,r4 ,a43 ,southern ,historical ,society ,papers4 ,burnett1 ,mrs4 ,frances ,hodgson3 ,that ,lass o' ,lowrie's4 ,cable1 ,george ,washington3 ,bonaventure 7,acadian sketches in ,louisiana74 ,caruthers1 ,william ,a43 ,knights of the ,golden ,horseshoe 7tale of ,bacon's ,rebellion74 ,dabney1 ,virginius3 ,don ,miff4 ,davis1 ,mrs4 ,varina ,jefferson3 ,jefferson ,davis4 ,dinwiddie ,papers4 ,elliott1 ,sarah ,barnwell3 ,john ,paget4 ,goulding1 ,francis ,robert3 ,young ,marooners4 ,hearn1 ,lafcadio3 ,youma4 ,hooper1 ,johnson ,jones3 ,captain ,suggs' ,adventures4 ,ingraham1 ,joseph ,holt3 ,prince of the ,house of ,david4 ,jones1 ,john ,beauchamp3 ,rebel ,war ,clerk's ,diary1 ,wild ,western ,scenes4 ,kouns1 ,nathan ,chapman3 ,arius the ,libyan4 ,le ,conte1 ,joseph3 ,geology1 ,science and the ,bible4 ,loughborough1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,webster3 ,my ,cave ,life in ,vicksburg 7in prison during the war74 ,mc,cabe1 ,james ,dabney1 ,jr43 ,gray-,jackets4 ,mc,guire1 ,mrs4 ,judith ,walker3 ,diary of a ,southern ,refugee2 7said to be a most faithful and pathetic picture of the terrible times in #ahfa-e4 ,it was a private journal kept during the war1 and ,mrs4 ,mc,guire was afterwards induced to publish it74 ,mason1 ,emily ,virginia3 ,popular ,life of ,r4 ,e4 ,lee4 ,maury1 ,dabney ,herndon3 ,recollections of a ,virginian4 ,meade1 ,william3 ,old ,churches1 ,ministers1 and ,families of ,virginia4 ,parker1 ,william ,harwar3 ,recollections of a ,naval ,officer4 ,piatt1 ,mrs4 ,sarah ,morgan ,bryan3 ,poems4 ,randolph1 ,innis3 ,good ,old ,rebel1 ,back-,log4 ,randolph1 ,sarah ,nicholas3 ,domestic ,life of ,jefferson4 ,semmes1 ,raphael3 ,service ,afloat1 ,cruise of the ,alabama4 ,semple1 ,robert ,baylor3 ,history of ,virginia ,baptists4 ,sims1 ,james ,marion3 ,story of ,my ,life4 ,smedes1 ,mrs4 ,susan ,dabney3 ,a ,southern ,planter2 7a biography of ,mrs4 ,smedes' father4 ,of this work1 ,hon4 ,w4 ,e4 ,gladstone says in a letter to the author3 ,i am very desirous that the ,old ,world should have the benefit of this work4 ,i ask your permission to publish it in ,england4 4 4 4 ,allow me to thank you1 dear ,madam1 for the good the book must do474 ,smith1 ,francis ,hopkinson3 ,colonel ,carter of ,cartersville4 ,spotswood1 ,alexander3 ,letters1 #agaj-bb4 ,stith1 ,william3 ,history of ,virginia 7before #agee74 ,strother1 ,david ,hunter3 ,virginia ,illustrated4 ,taylor1 ,richard3 ,destruction and ,reconstruction4 ,wiley1 ,edwin ,fuller3 ,angel in the ,cloud4 ,illustration3 ,mississippi ,industrial ,institute and ,college for ,girls1 ,columbus1 ,miss4 ,,questions4 ,these questions are not recommended as essential1 but merely as suggestive and perhaps useful to teachers who prefer the ,socratic method4 ,they might also serve to call the attention of students to some point which they would otherwise overlook4 ,the general questions and those in ordinary type may be answered from the text itself2 the answers to those in italics are to be found in other parts of the book1 in a history of the ,united ,states1 or in a cyclopedia4 ,the questions in italics may of course1 like all the rest1 be omitted at the discretion of the teacher4 ,the research required to answer such questions1 however1 will be of great value to the students1 if they have the time for it4 ,see also the suggestions given in the ,preface4 ,,general ,,questions4 ,these questions apply to all the authors1 and hence will not be repeated under each name4 #a4 ,give the date of birth1 and the date of death of those not living4 #b4 ,where was the author born8 #c4 ,where did he pass his life8 #d4 ,what was his education8 #e4 ,what was his profession and what positions1 if any1 did he fill8 #f4 ,describe his character4 #g4 ,his style of writing4 #h4 ,give the names of his ,works4 #i4 ,title and contents of the extracts given4 #aj4 ,learn the short extracts and poems by heart4 #aa4 ,find on the map all the places mentioned4 7,this is of prime importance1 and ,i beg that this question may never be omitted74 ,,first ,,period1 #aegi-agej4 ,,john ,,smith4--#a4 ,why did ,captain ,smith fight against the ,turks8 #b4 ,when did he come to ,america8 #c4 ,how did he spend his time after #afji8 #d4 ,what other settlement was in ,america at this time besides ,jamestown8 #e4 ,by whom and when made8 ,,william ,,strachey4--#a4 ,what is the special fame of this description of a storm8 #b4 ,give some features of it4 #c4 ,who was ruler of ,england at this time8 ,,john ,,lawson4--#a4 ,why did he come to ,carolina1 and when8 #b4 ,tell of his sad death4 #c4 ,what is the story of ,sir ,walter ,raleigh's ,ship8 7,see the poem1 ,the ,palatine ,ship1 by ,william ,gilmore ,simms7 #d4 ,was there any settlement in ,south ,carolina at this time8 #e4 ,if so when and by whom made8 ,,william ,,byrd4--#a4 ,what distinction has ,byrd among the writers of ,virginia8 #b4 ,for what was his daughter ,evelyn noted8 #c4 ,who was governor of ,north ,carolina in #agac-agbj8 #d4 ,is the ,dismal ,swamp so hard to cross now8 #e4 ,how old was ,george ,washington when ,william ,byrd died8 #f4 ,what town is named for ,governor ,eden8 ,,second ,,period1 #agej-ahjj4 ,,henry ,,laurens4--#a4 ,why did he go to ,europe in #agga8 in #aggi8 #b4 ,what title was given his son ,john8 #c4 ,for whom was he exchanged8 #d4 ,how was he buried8 #e4 ,what was happening in ,america during his imprisonment1 #aggi-agha8 ,,george ,,washington4--#a4 ,what did his mother say of him8 #b4 ,what is his national title8 #c4 ,what monuments have been reared to him8 #d4 ,what salary had he as ,commander in ,chief8 #e4 ,when was the ,farewell ,address written8 #f4 ,where and when did his inauguration as ,president take place8 #g4 ,when was ,washington ,city laid off as the ,capital of the ,united ,states8 #h4 ,name the thirteen original ,states4 ,,patrick ,,henry4--#a4 ,what did ,jefferson say of him8 #b4 ,what part did he take in the ,revolutionary ,war8 #c4 ,when did he say ,if this be treason--8 #d4 ,when and where was his greatest speech made8 #e4 ,what other great man died the same year that he did8 #f4 ,what difference in their ages8 ,,william ,,henry ,,drayton4--#a4 ,who went with him to be educated8 #b4 ,what bold public statement did he make in ,april1 #aggf8 #c4 ,what battles of the ,revolution occurred in ,south ,carolina during ,drayton's life8 ,,thomas ,,jefferson4--#a4 ,what is ,jefferson's title8 #b4 ,of what political party is he considered the founder8 #c4 ,what other ex-president died the same day8 #d4 ,what inscription is on his tomb8 #e4 ,what does he say of the relative positions of the upper and lower classes8 #f4 ,who were presidents before ,jefferson8 #g4 ,who1 after him1 up to the time of his death8 #h4 ,what famous ,frenchman visited ,jefferson in #ahbe8 #i4 ,quote some of the ,declaration of ,independence4 ,,david ,,ramsay4--#a4 ,who was his second wife8 #b4 ,of what profession were their daughters8 #c4 ,where is ,fort ,moultrie and for whom named8 #d4 ,where is there a statue to ,sergeant ,jasper8 ,,james ,,madison4--#a4 ,what is ,professor ,fiske's estimate of him8 #b4 ,tell of his marriage and of ,mrs4 ,madison4 #c4 ,how long and when was ,madison ,president8 #d4 ,what war took place during that time8 #e4 ,what disaster occurred in ,washington in #ahad8 #f4 ,what patriotic song was written the same year8 ,,st4 ,,george ,,tucker4--#a4 ,when did he come to ,america and whom did he marry8 #b4 ,where is ,william and ,mary ,college and when was it founded8 #c4 ,what famous men were teachers and students there8 ,,john ,,marshall4--#a4 ,how long was he ,chief ,justice8 #b4 ,repeat ,charles ,cotesworth ,pinckney's famous remark4 #c4 ,over what great trial did ,marshall preside8 #d4 ,when was it8 #e4 ,where are fine statues of him8 #f4 ,who was ,pinckney8 ,,henry ,,lee4--#a4 ,what title had he in the ,revolution8 #b4 ,who was his mother8 #c4 ,what well known words were first used by him8 #d4 ,who was his most famous son8 #e4 ,was ,mrs4 ,motte's house burned down8 ,,mason ,,locke ,,weems4--#a4 ,of what church was he rector8 ,,john ,,drayton4--#a4 ,whose son was he8 #b4 ,when did the battle of ,noewee occur8 #c4 ,who were ,lord ,north and ,lord ,grenville8 #d4 ,what relation was ,lieutenant ,hampton to ,general ,wade ,hampton1 of ,south ,carolina8 ,,william ,,wirt4--#a4 ,what two famous speeches by ,wirt are here mentioned8 #b4 ,who was the ,blind ,preacher8 #c4 ,what did ,wirt say of life1 in #ahbi8 #d4 ,learn something more about the ,blind ,preacher4 7,see ,people's ,cyclopedia1 ,hart's ,american ,literature47 #e4 ,who were ,demothenes1 ,ossian1 ,homer1 ,milton1 ,rousseau8 ,,john ,,randolph ,,of ,,roanoke4--#a4 ,from whom was he descended8 #b4 ,what does ,paulding say of him8 #c4 ,where is found the quotation--,free will fixed fate1 foreknowledge absolute8 ,,george ,,tucker4--#a4 ,to whom was he related8 #b4 ,how long was he professor at the ,university of ,virginia8 #c4 ,who was founder of the ,university8 #d4 ,where is the ,natural ,bridge8 7,see picture under ,mrs4 ,preston47 #e4 ,when was the ,university established and opened8 ,,third ,,period1 #ahjj-ahej4 ,,henry ,,clay4--#a4 ,what two titles did he have1 and for what reasons8 #b4 ,mention some of his companions in public life4 #c4 ,of what measures was he the author8 #d4 ,who was ,jackson8 #e4 ,who were ,philip1 ,alexander1 ,csar1 ,brutus1 ,madame de ,stal1 ,bonaparte8 #f4 ,what was the difference in the ages of ,clay1 ,calhoun and ,webster8 ,,francis ,,scott ,,key4--#a4 ,relate the circumstances under which the ,star ,spangled ,banner was written4 #b4 ,what city was burned by the ,british in the year in which this song was composed8 ,,john ,,james ,,audubon4--#a4 ,what was his favorite pursuit8 #b4 ,where is a set of his works to be seen8 ,,thomas ,,hart ,,benton4--#a4 ,what title did he gain1 and how8 #b4 ,what is said of his great work8 #c4 ,who were ,randolph and ,clay8 #d4 ,what was the cause of the duel8 #e4 ,what office had ,clay at the time8 #f4 ,how were ,benton and ,clay connected8 7,mrs4 ,clay was a cousin of ,benton's1 she had been ,miss ,lucretia ,hart47 #g4 ,whom did ,benton's daughter ,jessie marry1 and what did she write8 7,see ,list of ,southern ,writers1 ,frmont47 ,,john ,,caldwell ,,calhoun4--#a4 ,who was his early teacher8 #b4 ,what was the remark of ,calhoun's father about government8 #c4 ,what is ,calhoun's home now8 #d4 ,what is the principle of ,nullification8 #e4 ,who first said1 ,to the victors belong the spoils1 as applied to public offices8 #f4 ,what does ,calhoun say of it8 #g4 ,who are the three greatest statesmen of the ,compromise ,period 7#ahbj-ahej78 #h4 ,what does ,everett say of them8 #i4 ,what does ,stephens say of ,calhoun in #ahej8 7,see under ,a4 ,h4 ,stephens47 #aj4 ,what does ,webster say of him8 #aa4 ,what rank does he hold as a statesman and patriot8 #ab4 ,who are the others mentioned as contemporary with ,calhoun in the ,senate8 ,,nathaniel ,,beverley ,,tucker4--#a4 ,whose son was he1 and whose half brother8 #b4 ,give the plan of the ,partisan ,leader4 #c4 ,when was ,van ,buren president8 ,,david ,,crockett4--#a4 ,what was his motto8 #b4 ,what does he say of the earthquake and its effects8 #c4 ,when was the great earthquake in the ,mississippi ,valley8 #d4 ,where is the ,alamo8 #e4 ,tell something of its defence and fall4 7,see under ,houston47 ,,richard ,,henry ,,wilde4--#a4 ,what discoveries did he make in ,italy8 #b4 ,what is the poem by which he is known8 7,it is also called ,the ,captive's ,lament74 #c4 ,tell the incident of its translation4 #d4 ,who was ,mrs4 ,white ,beatty8 #e4 ,what else can you learn of her8 #f4 ,who were ,giotto ,dante ,tasso and ,petrarch8 ,,augustus ,,baldwin ,,longstreet4--#a4 ,who was ,ned ,brace8 #b4 ,how did ,judge ,longstreet feel about ,georgia ,scenes in his later years8 #c4 ,when did ,washington make his ,southern tour8 #d4 ,how old was ,judge ,bacon then8 ,,robert ,,young ,,hayne4--#a4 ,when and with whom was his great debate on ,nullification8 #b4 ,what action did ,south ,carolina take in #ahcb8 #c4 ,what prevented war8 #d4 ,what did ,webster say the ,union would be if the doctrine of ,state ,sovereignty should be accepted8 #e4 ,what action had the citizens of ,boston taken in #ahji8 #f4 ,what was the resolution of the ,virginia ,convention on adopting the ,constitution of the ,united ,states8 #g4 ,who wrote ,hayne's ,life8 ,,sam ,,houston4--#a4 ,when did ,houston go to ,texas8 #b4 ,what caused the ,texan war of independence8 #c4 ,who were the four presidents of the ,republic of ,texas8 #d4 ,how long was ,texas independent and when did she enter the ,union8 #e4 ,who was then president of the ,united ,states8 ,,william ,,campbell ,,preston4--#a4 ,what great orator was his uncle8 #b4 ,with what distinguished men was he associated1 and who were they8 #c4 ,when was ,south ,carolina ,university founded8 ,,john ,,pendleton ,,kennedy4--#a4 ,in what novel of ,thackeray did he write a chapter8 #b4 ,what was his connection with the ,peabody ,institute8 #c4 ,what poet did he befriend8 #d4 ,who was ,horse ,shoe ,robinson8 #e4 ,whence his name8 7,he was a blacksmith47 ,,hugh ,,swinton ,,legar4--#a4 ,for what was he noted8 #b4 ,what does ,judge ,story say of him8 #c4 ,when did he live in ,washington ,city8 #d4 ,when was he in ,belgium8 #e4 ,where did he die8 #f4 ,what poet wrote his life8 ,,mirabeau ,,buonaparte ,,lamar4--#a4 ,when was he president of ,texas8 #b4 ,who succeeded him8 ,,francis ,,lister ,,hawks4--#a4 ,what induced ,dr4 ,hawks to write a history of ,north ,carolina8 #b4 ,who was the first white child born in ,america8 #c4 ,when8 #d4 ,who was the first ,indian baptized8 #e4 ,where is the town named for him8 #f4 ,what probably became of the ,lost ,colony of ,roanoke and of the little ,virginia ,dare8 #g4 ,how old was she when her grandfather came back8 #h4 ,when did ,sir ,walter ,raleigh send his first colony8 #i4 ,did he ever come himself8 #aj4 ,tell of his life4 ,,george ,,denison ,,prentice4--#a4 ,what paper did he establish8 #b4 ,how many mouths has the ,mississippi ,river8 #c4 ,who wrote his life8 7,see under ,g in ,list of ,southern ,writers47 ,,edward ,,coate ,,pinkney4--#a4 ,what position had his father in #ahjb8 #b4 ,for what was his father distinguished8 #c4 ,who do you think were the five greatest poets of the country in his lifetime8 ,,charles ,,tienne ,,arthur ,,gayarr4--#a4 ,in what languages did he write8 #b4 ,who first manufactured sugar in ,louisiana8 #c4 ,when8 #d4 ,who were lords of ,louisiana in #agej-gj8 #e4 ,how long was ,louisiana under ,spanish domination8 #f4 ,when was the ,louisiana ,purchase made8 #g4 ,tell the story of the ,acadians4 ,,matthew ,,fontaine ,,maury4--#a4 ,what title did his sea studies acquire for him8 #b4 ,what was his service to the ,atlantic ,telegraph ,cable8 #c4 ,tell what honors he received4 #d4 ,where is there a monument to ,lieutenant ,herndon8 #e4 ,what relation were ,maury and ,herndon8 #f4 ,learn something of the ,emperor ,maximilian and the ,mexican revolution4 ,,william ,,gilmore ,,simms4--#a4 ,what is the subject of most of ,simms' novels8 #b4 ,who has written his life8 #c4 ,what is the usual form of ,manneyto8 7,manitou7 #d4 ,who were the ,yemassees and when was the ,yemassee war8 #e4 ,give a sketch of ,general ,marion4 7,see also under ,ramsay47 ,,robert ,,edward ,,lee4--#a4 ,who have written the life of ,general ,lee8 #b4 ,what is the present name of ,washington ,college8 #c4 ,where are there monuments to ,lee8 #d4 ,when did the ,civil ,war begin and end8 #e4 ,learn more of ,general ,lee4 ,,jefferson ,,davis4--#a4 ,when and where was he inaugurated president of the ,confederacy8 #b4 ,what has his daughter ,winnie written8 #c4 ,who have written the life of ,president ,davis8 #d4 ,when was ,pierce president of the ,united ,states8 #e4 ,where is ,beauvoir8 #f4 ,where is the ,hermitage8 #g4 ,where is ,mr4 ,davis buried8 ,,edgar ,,allan ,,poe4--#a4 ,what is said of the ,raven in #ahde8 #b4 ,where are monuments to ,poe8 #c4 ,which are the best lives of him8 #d4 ,who was ,john ,pendleton ,kennedy8 #e4 ,what is the ,koran8 #f4 ,the red levin8 ,,robert ,,toombs4--#a4 ,what two distinguished men besides ,toombs were ordered to be captured after the war8 #b4 ,why did he not sue for pardon8 #c4 ,who have written his life8 #d4 ,learn more of him4 ,,octavia ,,walton ,,le ,,vert4--#a4 ,what was the name of her father and grand father8 #b4 ,what did ,la ,fayette say of her when a child8 #c4 ,what is said of her in ,washington8 #d4 ,trace her voyage to ,spain from ,mobile1 ,ala4 #e4 ,who were the ,moors and when did they rule ,spain8 ,,louisa ,,susannah ,m',,cord4--#a4 ,name of ,mrs4 ,m',cord's father8 #b4 ,learn the last paragraph on page #bib4 #c4 ,when was this article published8 #d4 ,where is ,forte ,motte8 #e4 ,for what is it noted8 #f4 ,tell something of the ,women's ,rights ,movement in ,europe and ,america4 ,,joseph ,g4 ,,baldwin4--#a4 ,what do you think of this sketch of ,virginians8 #b4 ,translate the ,latin4 #c4 ,who were ,jefferson ,hamilton ,jackson1 ,clay ,john ,randolph8 ,,alexander ,,hamilton ,,stephens4--#a4 ,in what family did he teach8 #b4 ,name of his home8 #c4 ,tell the anecdotes of him4 #d4 ,when did ,calhoun die8 #e4 ,tell what you can of the ,senators mentioned in the sketch4 #f4 ,how did ,fillmore afterwards become president of the ,united ,stales8 #g4 ,when8 ,,alexander ,,beaufort ,,meek4--#a4 ,what system was established by him in ,alabama8 #b4 ,tell some of the characters in his writings #c4 ,for whom is ,montgomery named8 #d4 ,when was the ,seminole war8 #e4 ,who was the ,american general8 #f4 ,what river did ,de ,soto discover and when did he march through ,alabama8 ,,philip ,,pendleton ,,cooke4--#a4 ,whose brother and whose cousin was he8 #b4 ,what is said of the poem ,florence ,vane8 ,,theodore ,o',,hara4--#a4 ,when was the battle of ,buena ,vista8 #b4 ,where is ,o',hara buried8 #c4 ,what is meant by the ,dark and ,bloody ,ground8 #d4 ,what famous pioneer is also buried in ,frankfort8 #e4 ,mention some others given in this book who were in the battle of ,buena ,vista4 ,,fourth ,,period1 #ahej-ahie4 ,,george ,,rainsford ,,fairbanks4--#a4 ,what other names had ,osceola8 #b4 ,find out more about him and about the ,florida ,war4 #c4 ,for whom is ,fort ,moultrie named8 #d4 ,who wrote the lines on page #cad8 ,,richard ,,malcolm ,,johnston4--#a4 ,what people are described in his stories8 #b4 ,who are they1 and what are such people called in ,london1 in ,north ,carolina1 and in different other ,states8 #c4 ,who was ,mr4 ,ellington8 ,,john ,,reuben ,,thompson4--#a4 ,of what magazine was he editor from #ahdg to #ahei8 #b4 ,who were some of its contributors8 #c4 ,what other writers edited or wrote for the ,messenger8 #d4 ,who was ,ashby8 ,,jabez ,,lamar ,,monroe ,,curry4--#a4 ,what have we inherited from ,england8 #b4 ,what relation does ,mr4 ,gladstone think should exist between ,england and ,america8 #c4 ,what is the ,peabody ,educational ,fund8 #d4 ,learn what you can of ,george ,peabody and of the ,peabody ,institute in ,baltimore4 7,see also under ,john ,pendleton ,kennedy and ,sidney ,lanier47 ,,margaret ,,junkin ,,preston4--#a4 ,how was ,mrs4 ,preston related to ,stonewall ,jackson8 #b4 ,where did he die8 #c4 ,what were his last words8 #d4 ,where is the ,virginia ,military ,institute8 #e4 ,where is the ,natural ,bridge8 7,see ,jefferson's ,description47 ,,charles ,,henry ,,smith 7,,bill ,,arp74--#a4 ,tell of the ,cherokees and their march to the ,west4 #b4 ,who were ,ridge and ,ross8 #c4 ,tell of ,john ,howard ,payne's imprisonment4 #d4 ,why did the ,cherokees go beyond the ,mississippi8 ,,st4 ,,george ,h4 ,,tucker4--#a4 ,what relation was he to ,st4 ,george ,tucker8 #b4 ,when was ,jamestown burned8 #c4 ,when did the ,seven ,days' ,battles around ,richmond occur8 #d4 ,when was ,berkeley governor of ,virginia8 #e4 ,tell of ,bacon's ,rebellion4 7,see also ,dr4 ,caruthers' ,knights of the ,golden ,horseshoe47 #f4 ,what is left of ,jamestown now8 7,see under ,john ,smith47 ,,george ,,william ,,bagby4--#a4 ,what was ,dr4 ,bagby's pen-name8 #b4 ,whom did he succeed as editor of the ,southern ,literary ,messenger8 #c4 ,who was ,rubinstein8 ,,sarah ,,anne ,,dorsey4--#a4 ,how did ,mrs4 ,dorsey gain her pen-name8 #b4 ,to whom did she will her ,mississippi home8 #c4 ,who was ,h4 ,w4 ,allen8 #d4 ,what was her opinion as to going in to exile after the war8 #e4 ,mention some other ,confederate soldiers who went to ,mexico4 #f4 ,who was ,mrs4 ,c4 ,a ,warfield and what did she write8 7,see ,list of ,southern ,writers47 #g4 ,describe the life of the mistress of a large plantation4 7,see under ,kennedy and ,mrs4 ,m',cord2 also ,mrs4 ,smedes' ,southern ,planter47 ,,henry ,,timrod4--#a4 ,what occupation did ,timrod's father choose and why8 #b4 ,who were the companions of ,timrod's vacations8 #c4 ,who wrote a sketch of his life8 #d4 ,in what great fire was his property destroyed in ,columbia8 #e4 ,when did it occur8 #f4 ,where is ,magnolia ,cemetery8 ,,paul ,,hamilton ,,hayne4--#a4 ,what title has been given him8 #b4 ,what loss had he during the war8 #c4 ,what relation was he to ,robert ,young ,hayne8 #d4 ,what book has his son published8 #e4 ,the name of his son8 ,,john ,,esten ,,cooke4--#a4 ,what relation was he to ,p4 ,p4 ,cooke and to ,john ,p4 ,kennedy8 #b4 ,who were ,jackson and ,stuart8 #c4 ,tell something of ,virginia ,history at the time the ,races took place2 of ,united ,states ,history at the same time4 ,,zebulon ,,baird ,,vance4--#a4 ,what title had he and why8 #b4 ,what race settled ,north ,carolina8 #c4 ,what is the origin of the term buncombe as popularly used8 #d4 ,tell of the ,siege of ,londonderry1 and of the ,mecklenburg ,declaration of ,independence4 ,,albert ,,pike4--#a4 ,tell of his trip to the ,west4 #b4 ,of what does his ,mocking-,bird remind one8 #c4 ,learn more of ,pike and of his labors for ,freemasonry4 ,,william ,,tappan ,,thompson4--#a4 ,what distinction about his birth8 #b4 ,what was the ,western ,reserve8 ,,james ,,barron ,,hope4--#a4 ,in what year was the #bejth anniversary of the settlement of ,jamestown8 #b4 ,who is the ,man of the ,yorktown ,centennial ,ode8 #c4 ,tell of the surrender at ,yorktown4 #d4 ,for whom was ,lord ,cornwallis exchanged8 ,,james ,,wood ,,davidson4--#a4 ,what have been his services to ,southern literature8 #b4 ,what is the ,beautiful8 #c4 ,the ,poetical8 ,,charles ,,colcock ,,jones1 ,,jr4--#a4 ,what collections did he make8 #b4 ,how stands he among ,georgian writers8 #c4 ,describe the city of ,savannah in #agcd4 #d4 ,tell something of ,james ,edward ,oglethorpe4 #e4 ,what did ,oglethorpe write8 7,see ,list of ,southern ,writers47 #f4 ,who were ,jasper1 ,de ,soto1 ,pulaski8 ,,mary ,,virginia ,,terhune 7,,marion ,,harland74--#a4 ,for what special purpose was the ,story of ,mary ,washington written8 #b4 ,when was the monument unveiled8 #c4 ,where is it8 #d4 ,when did ,mrs4 ,washington die8 ,,augusta ,,evans ,,wilson4--#a4 ,what was ,mrs4 ,wilson's first novel8 #b4 ,her most famous one8 #c4 ,translate the foreign phrases and look up the unknown names in the selection4 ,,daniel ,,bedinger ,,lucas4--#a4 ,when was the poem written8 #b4 ,to whom does the fifth stanza refer8 #c4 ,what was the ,forum8 ,,james ,,ryder ,,randall4--#a4 ,what has ,my ,maryland been called8 #b4 ,when was it written8 #c4 ,who were ,carroll1 ,howard1 ,ringgold1 ,watson1 ,lowe1 ,may8 ,,abram ,,joseph ,,ryan4--#a4 ,what was his title8 #b4 ,mention some of his poems8 #c4 ,what was the ,conquered ,banner8 ,,william ,,gordon ,,mccabe4--#a4 ,what were the ,trenches8 #b4 ,who wrote ,tristram and ,iseult8 ,,sidney ,,lanier4--#a4 ,what kind of ancestry had he8 #b4 ,what is said of his ,science of ,english ,verse8 #c4 ,what was his favorite remark on ,art8 #d4 ,tell of the ,centennial ,ode4 #e4 ,to what poems does ,barbe refer in his tribute to ,lanier8 7,see under ,waitman ,barbe47 #f4 ,study well the ,song of the ,chattahoochee1 its rhyme1 meter1 and thought4 #g4 ,what are the marshes of ,glynn8 7,salt marches on the coast of ,ga47 #h4 ,what are the ,peabody ,symphony ,concerts8 ,,james ,,lane ,,allen4--#a4 ,from what ,states was ,kentucky mainly settled8 #b4 ,when was the battle of ,blue ,licks8 #c4 ,when was ,kentucky admitted to the ,union8 ,,joel ,,chandler ,,harris4--#a4 ,what is said of ,on the ,plantation8 #b4 ,is the negro dialect the same in all the ,states8 #c4 ,who was ,uncle ,remus8 ,,robert ,,burns ,,wilson4--#a4 ,who is the ,fair ,daughter of the ,sun8 #b4 ,to whom are ,wilson's poems dedicated8 ,,christian ,,reid 7,,mrs4 ,,tiernan74--#a4 ,in what battle was ,colonel ,fisher killed8 #b4 ,when was it8 #c4 ,tell of ,dr4 ,mitchell's death and burial4 7,a granite monument has been erected over his grave74 ,,henry ,,woodfen ,,grady4--#a4 ,of what paper was he editor8 #b4 ,where is there a monument to him8 #c4 ,learn all that you can of the persons and places mentioned in the extract4 ,,thomas ,,nelson ,,page4--#a4 ,with whom did he first write8 #b4 ,what passage of ,grady's does the extract illustrate8 ,,charles ,,egbert ,,craddock 7,,miss ,,murfree74--#a4 ,for whom was ,murfreesboro named8 #b4 ,where are ,miss ,murfree's stories laid8 ,,danske ,,dandridge4--#a4 ,whence did ,mrs4 ,dandridge get her first name8 #b4 ,learn the beautiful poem by heart4 ,,am,,lie ,,rives 7,,mrs4 ,,chanler74--#a4 ,who were her paternal grandparents1 and what did they write8 #b4 ,what style had she at first #c4 ,learn something of the ginseng-diggers in the ,alleghany ,mountains4 ,,grace ,,king4--,describe the contrast in the life of many of the ,southern planters before and after the war4 ,,waitman ,,barbe4--#a4 ,to whom is the poem addressed8 #b4 ,of what paper is he editor8 ,,madison ,,cawein4--#a4 ,of what race is he8 #b4 ,who were the ,huguenots8 #c4 ,learn something of their history4 ,,dixie4--#a4 ,who wrote ,dixie1 and when8 ,,appendix4 ,,list ,,of ,,southern ,,writers4 ,this list is not complete4 ,it is my desire to make it so1 and ,i shall be greatly obliged for information as to names1 dates1 residence1 and works of ,southern writers4 ,correction of mistakes is urgently and respectfully solicited1 as well as fuller details in regard to the names here given1 which lack some of the above particulars4 ,communications may be addressed to ,miss ,louise ,manly1 care ,b4 ,f4 ,johnson ,publishing ,company1 ,richmond1 ,virginia4 ,valuable aid has been most kindly and generously rendered by ,prof4 ,b4 ,f4 ,meek1 ,university of ,alabama2 ,prof4 ,howard ,n4 ,ogden1 ,university of ,west ,virginia 7now of the ,university of ,chicago72 ,mr4 ,charles ,weathers ,bump1 ,ph4 ,d41 ,johns ,hopkins ,university2 ,prof4 ,charles ,w4 ,kent1 ,linden-,kent ,professor of ,english1 ,university of ,virginia2 ,dr4 ,james ,wood ,davidson1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c42 ,prof4 ,b4 ,f4 ,riley1 ,university of ,georgia2 ,mr4 ,alfred ,holt ,stone1 ,greenville1 ,mississippi2 ,prof4 ,r4 ,h4 ,willis1 ,arkansas ,university2 ,prof4 ,f4 ,c4 ,woodward1 ,south ,carolina ,university2 ,prof4 ,c4 ,v4 ,waugh1 ,florida ,state ,college2 ,miss ,sara ,hartman1 ,editor of ,the ,gulf ,messenger1 ,san ,antonio1 ,texas2 ,mr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,sampson1 ,sedalia1 ,missouri2 ,mr4 ,william ,f4 ,switzler1 ,editor of ,the ,missouri ,democrat1 ,boonville1 ,missouri2 ,mr4 ,fay ,hempstead1 ,little ,rock1 ,arkansas2 ,mr4 ,leonard ,lemmon1 ,editor of ,the ,school ,forum1 ,sherman1 ,texas2 ,prof4 ,e4 ,m4 ,davis1 ,university of ,tennessee 7now of ,hampden-,sidney1 ,va471 and other professors and scholars4 99 99 99 99 99 ,those marked 99 are to be found in the body of the book4 ,the following abbreviations are used3 ,bapt41 ,baptist4 c4 e41 civil engineer4 cl41 clergyman4 ed41 editor4 edu41 educator4 jour41 journalist4 ,luth41 ,lutheran4 ,m4 ,e41 ,methodist ,episcopal4 nat41 naturalist4 ,p4 ,e41 ,protestant ,episcopal4 phys41 physician4 ,pr41 ,presbyterian4 ,r4 ,c41 ,roman ,catholic4 sci41 scientist4 ,abbey1 ,richard ,m4 ,e4 ,cl4 ,miss4 ,apostolic ,succession1 ,creed of ,all ,men1 and other religious works4 ,aiken1 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,g4 ,la4 ,poems4 ,ainslie1 ,hew1 #agib-ahgh poet ,scotland1 ,ky4 ,ingleside1 ,on with the ,tartan1 ,pilgrimage to the ,land of ,burns1 and other poems4 ,aleix1 ,mme ,eulalie ,l4 ,t4 ,la4 ,le ,livre d',or de la ,comtesse ,diane1 ,maxime de la ,vie1 ,les ,posies de ,lamartine4 ,alfriend1 ,frank ,h4 ,va4 ,life of ,jefferson ,davis1 ,life of ,r4 ,e4 ,lee4 ,allan1 ,william1--d4 #ahia colonel ,c4 ,s4 ,a4 ,va4 ,battlefields of ,virginia1 ,jackson's ,valley ,campaign1 ,army of ,northern ,virginia4 ,allen1 ,henry ,watkins1 #ahbj-ahff ,war governor of ,la4 ,travels of a ,sugar-,planter4 99,allen1 ,james ,lane novelist ,ky4 ,flute and ,violin and other stories1 ,john ,gray1 ,a ,kentucky ,cardinal4 ,allston1 ,joseph ,blyth soldier ,s4 ,c4 ,battle ,songs4 ,allston1 ,washington1 #aggi-ahdc artist and poet ,s4 ,c41 ,eng41 ,mass4 ,monaldi 7novel71 ,poems1 ,art writings4 ,alsop1 ,george1 #afch- colonist ,england1 ,md4 ,character of the ,province of ,maryland1 ,small ,treatise on the ,wild and ,naked ,indians or ,susquehannakes of ,maryland4 ,anderson1 ,florence ,ky4 ,zenaida 7novel71 ,poems4 ,andrew1 ,james ,osgood1 #agid-ahga ,m4 ,e4 bishop ,ga41 ,ala4 ,miscellanies1 ,family ,government4 ,andrews1 ,eliza ,frances1 #ahdg 7,elzey ,hay7 ,ga4 ,family ,secret1 ,mere ,adventurers1 ,prince ,hal1 ,dress ,under ,difficulties 7fashions in ,dixie during the war71 ,plea for ,red ,hair1 and other writings4 ,andry1 ,mme ,laure ,la4 ,histoire de la ,louisiane pour les ,enfants4 ,archdale1 ,john ,quaker1 came in #affd as governor of ,carolina4 ,description of ,carolina4 ,archer1 ,g4 ,w4 phys4 ,md4 ,more than ,she ,could ,bear 7,tales of ,texas74 ,arrington1 ,alfred ,w41 #ahaj-ahfg ,n4 ,c41 ,mo41 ,ark4 ,apostrophe to ,water1 ,sketch of the ,south-,west1 ,rangers and ,regulators of the ,tanaha4 ,asbury1 ,francis1 #agde-ahaf ,m4 ,e4 bishop ,eng41 ,va4 ,journal 7#c vols41 travels in establishing ,methodism74 ,ashe1 ,thomas1 7,t4 ,a41 ,gent47 ,eng41 ,va4 ,carolina3 or a ,description of the ,present ,state of that ,country and the ,natural ,excellencies thereof 7published in #afhb1 reprinted1 #ahcf74 99,audubon1 ,john ,james1 #aghj-ahea naturalist ,la41 ,pa41 ,ky41 ,n4 ,y4 ,ornithological ,biographies1 ,birds of ,america1 ,quadrupeds of ,america 7with ,rev4 ,john ,bachman74 ,augustin1 ,george ,la4 ,legends of ,new ,orleans4 ,augustin1 ,john ,la4 ,creole ,songs1 ,war ,flowers4 ,augustin1 ,marie ,la4 ,le ,macandal 7novel74 ,bachman1 ,john1 #agij-ahgd ,luth4 cl41 nat4 ,n4 ,y41 ,s4 ,c4 ,quadrupeds of ,america 7with ,audubon71 ,unity of the ,human ,race1 ,defence of ,luther4 ,bacon1 ,julia ,tex4 ,looking for the ,fairies1 and other poems4 99,bagby1 ,george ,william1 #ahbh-ahhc humorist1 essayist ,va4 ,letters of ,mozis ,addums and other writings4 ,baker1 ,daniel1 #agia-aheg ,pr4 cl41 edu4 ,ga41 ,va41 ,tex4 ,sermons1 ,address to ,fathers1 and other works4 ,baker1 ,william ,munford 7son of ,daniel71 #ahbe-ahhc cl4 ,tex41 ,mass4 ,inside1 ,a ,chronicle of ,secession1 by ,g4 ,f4 ,harrington1 ,virginians in ,texas1 ,new ,timothy1 and other works4 ,baker1 ,mrs4 ,marion ,a4 7,julie ,k4 ,wetherill71 #aheh- ,la4 ,poems1 essays1 and other writings4 99,baldwin1 ,joseph ,g41 #ahaa-ahfd jurist1 humorist ,ala41 ,cal4 ,flush ,times of ,alabama and ,mississippi1 ,party ,leaders1 and other writings4 ,baldwin1 ,james ,mark edu4 ,s4 ,c41 ,n4 ,j4 ,mental ,development in the ,child and the ,race1 ,psychology4 ,ball1 ,mrs4 ,caroline ,a4 ,rutledge ,s4 ,c4 ,jacket of ,gray and other ,poems 7#ahff74 ,banister1 ,john1 8-#afib botanist ,eng41 ,va4 ,insects of ,virginia1 ,curiosities in ,virginia4 99,barbe1 ,waitman1 #ahfd- ed4 ,w4 ,va4 ,addresses1 ,ashes and ,incense1 and other poems4 ,barbee1 ,william ,j41 #ahaf- cl41 phys41 edu4 ,ky41 ,tenn41 ,mo4 ,cotton ,question1 ,life of ,paul1 and other writings4 ,barber1 ,miss ,catherine ,webb ,mrs4 ,towles ed4 ,mass41 ,ala41 ,ga4 7,ed4 ,miss ,barber's ,weekly71 ,three ,golden ,links1 ,freemason's ,fireside4 ,barclay1 ,james ,turner1 #ahjg-ahgd cl4 ,va41 ,ala4 ,city of the ,great ,king4 ,barde1 ,alexandre ,la4 ,histoire des ,comits de ,vigilance aux ,attakapas4 ,barnes1 ,annie ,maria1 #aheg- ,s4 ,c41 ,ga4 ,some ,lowly ,lives1 ,story of the ,chattahoochee1 ,found in the ,sand1 c4 ,barney1 ,john1 #aghd-ahef ,md4 ,personal ,recollections of ,men and ,things in ,america and ,europe4 ,barr1 ,mrs4 ,amelia ,edith ,eng41 ,tex4 ,remember the ,alamo1 ,jan ,vedder's ,wife1 and many other novels4 ,barrow1 ,mrs4 ,frances ,elizabeth ,mease 7,aunt ,fanny71 #ahbb ,s4 ,c41 ,n4 ,y4 ,aunt ,fanny's ,story-,book1 ,letter ,g1 ,six ,nightcaps4 ,bartlett1 ,napier ,la4 ,military ,recollections of ,louisiana1 ,soldier's ,story of the ,war4 ,bartley1 ,james ,avis ,va4 ,lays of ,virginia4 ,bascom1 ,henry ,bidleman1 #agif-ahej4 ,m4 ,e4 bishop ,n4 ,y41 ,ky4 7,ed4 ,southern ,methodist ,quarterly ,review71 ,sermons1 ,methodism and ,slavery4 ,baxter1 ,william1 #ahbc- cl41 edu4 ,england1 ,ark4 ,poems1 ,pea ,ridge and ,prairie ,grove1 ,war ,lyrics4 ,bay ,mo4 ,bench and ,bar of ,missouri4 ,baylor1 ,frances ,courtenay1 #ahdh- novelist ,ark41 ,va4 ,on ,both ,sides1 ,behind the ,blue ,ridge1 ,a ,shocking ,example4 ,beale1 ,helen ,g4 ,va4 ,lansdowne4 ,beard1 ,richard1 #agii-ahhj ,pr4 cl41 edu4 ,tenn4 ,systematic ,theology1 ,biographical ,sketches1 ,why ,i ,am a ,cumberland ,presbyterian4 ,beauregard1 ,pierre ,gustave ,toutant1 #ahah- soldier ,la4 ,principles and ,maxims of the ,art of ,war1 ,defence of ,charleston4 ,beck1 ,george1 #agdi-ahab edu4 ,england1 ,ky4 ,poems1 original1 and translated from ,greek and ,latin4 ,bell1 ,orelia ,key1 #ahfd- ,ga4 ,po' ,jo1 ,jamestown ,weed1 and other poems4 ,bellamy1 ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,whitfield ,croom1 ,kamba ,thorp1 #ahci- ,fla41 ,ala4 ,four ,oaks1 ,little ,joanna1 ,penny ,lancaster ,farmer1 ,old ,man ,gilbert1 ,the ,luck of the ,pendennings1 7,ladies' ,home ,journal1 #ahie74 ,bennett1 ,mrs4 ,martha ,haines ,butt ,va4 ,pastimes with ,little ,friends1 ,leisure ,moments4 99,benton1 ,thomas ,hart1 #aghb-aheh statesman ,n4 ,c41 ,mo4 ,thirty ,years in the ,united ,states ,senate4 ,berkeley1 ,sir ,william1 #afaj-afgg colonial governor of ,virginia1 #afda-afgf ,va4 ,the ,lost ,lady1 a ,tragi-,comedy1 #afch1 ,description of ,virginia4 ,bernard1 ,p4 ,v4 ,la4 ,un ,anctre de la ,sainte ,alliance4 ,berrien1 ,john ,macpherson1 #agha-ahef statesman ,n4 ,j41 ,ga4 7,called ,the ,american ,cicero71 ,address in ,congress4 ,beverley1 ,robert1 #afgj-agce statesman1 historian ,va4 ,history of the ,present ,state of ,virginia1 #agje4 ,bigby1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,catherine ,dougherty1 #ahci- ,ga4 ,delilah1 ,death of ,polk1 and other poems4 ,bigney1 ,mark ,f4 ,la4 ,forest ,pilgrims1 ,wreck of the ,nautilus1 and other poems4 ,blackburn ,va4 ,miss ,washington of ,virginia4 ,blair1 ,francis ,preston1 #ahba-ahge ed41 soldier ,ky41 ,mo4 7,ed4 ,mo4 ,democrat71 ,life of ,general ,william ,o4 ,butler4 ,blair1 ,james1 #afef-agdc first president of ,william and ,mary ,college1 edu4 ,scotland1 ,va4 ,state of ,his ,majesty's ,colony in ,virginia1 ,sermons4 ,blake1 ,mrs4 ,lillie ,devereux1 #ahce- ,n4 ,c41 ,n4 ,y4 ,woman's ,place ,to-day1 ,fettered for ,life1 ,southwold1 ,rockford1 and other stories4 ,bland1 ,richard1 7,virginia ,antiquary71 #agaj-aggf ,va4 ,letter to the ,clergy1 ,rights of the ,british ,colonies4 ,bledsoe1 ,albert ,taylor1 #ahji-ahgg cl41 edu4 ,ky41 ,tenn41 ,va4 7,ed4 ,southern ,review71 ,theodicy1 ,is ,davis a ,traitor8 ,edwards on the ,will1 ,liberty and ,slavery1 ,philosophy of ,mathematics4 ,dr4 ,bledsoe was a giant of ,southern ,literature4 ,blton1 ,c4 ,la4 ,de la ,posie dans l',histoire4 ,blount1 ,annie ,r4 7,jenny ,woodbine7 ,ga4 ,poems1 7#ahfj74 ,boernstein ,mo4 ,mysteries of ,st4 ,louis4 ,boner1 ,john ,henry1 #ahde- ,n4 ,c41 ,n4 ,y4 7,one of the editors of the ,century ,dictionary1 and of the ,library of ,american ,literature71 ,whispering ,pines 7poems74 ,bosman1 ,john ,leeds1 #ageg-ahbc lawyer ,md4 ,history of ,maryland1 ,verses and prose articles4 ,botts1 ,john ,minor1 #ahjb-ahfi ,va4 ,great ,rebellion4 ,boyce1 ,james ,petigru1 #ahbg-ahhi ,bapt4 cl41 edu4 ,s4 ,c41 ,ky4 7,founder of the ,southern ,baptist ,theological ,seminary71 ,systematic ,theology1 ,catechism4 ,boyle1 ,virginia ,frazer1 #ahfc- ,tenn4 ,old ,canteen1 ,on ,both ,sides4 ,bradley1 ,thomas ,bibb ,va4 ,poems 7with his cousin1 ,mrs4 ,creswell74 ,breckinridge1 ,john ,cabell1 #ahba-ahge statesman1 soldier ,ky4 ,addresses4 ,breckinridge1 ,robert ,jefferson1 #ahjj-ahga ,pr4 cl41 edu4 ,ky4 ,internal ,evidences of ,christianity1 ,knowledge of ,god1 ,travels1 and other writings4 ,brewer1 ,willis ,ala4 ,alabama4 ,bringhurst1 ,mrs4 ,nettie ,houston 7daughter of ,sam ,houston7 ,tex4 ,poems4 ,brisbane1 ,abbott ,hall1 #ahfa- civil engineer ,s4 ,c4 ,ralphston4 ,broadus1 ,john ,albert1 #ahbg-ahie ,bapt4 cl41 edu4 ,va41 ,s4 ,c41 ,ky4 ,preparation and ,delivery of ,sermons1 ,history of ,preaching1 ,sermons and ,addresses1 ,commentary on ,matthew1 ,memoir of ,james ,p4 ,boyce1 ,harmony of the ,gospels4 ,brock4 ,r4 ,a4 ,va4 ,virginia and ,virginians1 ,southern ,historical ,society ,papers4 ,brock1 ,miss ,sallie ,a4 7see ,mrs4 ,putnam7 ,va4 ,brooks1 ,nathan ,covington1 #ahai- edu4 ,md4 ,shelley1 ,history of the ,mexican ,war1 ,literary ,amaranth1 and other writings4 ,brown1 ,john ,henry ,tex4 ,history of ,texas4 ,brown1 ,william ,hill1 #agff-agic ,n4 ,c4 ,poems4 ,browne1 ,emma ,alice1 #ahdj- ,md4 ,poems--,the ,water-,lilies ,float ,away1 and others4 ,browne1 ,william ,hand1 #ahbh- edu4 ,md4 ,english ,literature1 ,life of ,alexander ,h4 ,stephens1 7with ,r4 ,m4 ,johnston71 ,george and ,cecilius ,calvert1 ,maryland4 ,brownlow1 ,william ,gannaway1 #ahje-ahgg cl4 ,va41 ,tenn4 ,secession4 ,bruns1 ,john ,dickson1 #ahcf- phys41 edu4 ,s4 ,c41 ,la4 ,charleston1 ,wrecked1 and other poems1 ,lectures on ,tennyson and ,timrod1 medical writings4 ,bryan1 ,d4 ,va4 ,mountain ,muse1 ,adventures of ,daniel ,boone4 ,bryan1 ,e4 ,l4 ,va4 #ahfj-ahfe 7novel74 ,bryan1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,edwards1 #ahdf- ,fla41 ,ga4 ,manch1 ,wild ,work1 ,poems1 and other works4 ,buchanan1 ,joseph1 #aghe-ahbi ed41 inventor ,va41 ,ky4 ,philosophy of ,human ,nature4 ,buckner1 ,mrs4 ,r4 ,t4 ,la4 ,toward the ,gulf4 ,burke1 ,john ,w4 ,ireland1 ,ga4 ,life of ,robert ,emmet4 ,burnett1 ,mrs4 ,frances ,hodgson ,england1 ,tenn4 ,that ,lass o' ,lowrie's 7#ahgg71 ,surly ,tim's ,troubles 7#ahgb71 ,haworth's 7#ahgi71 ,louisiana 7#ahhj71 ,fair ,barbarian 7#ahha71 ,through ,one ,administration 7#ahhc71 ,little ,lord ,fauntleroy 7#ahhf71 ,sarah ,crewe 7#ahhh71 ,the ,pretty ,sister of ,jos 7#ahhi71 ,little ,saint ,elizabeth 7#ahij71 ,giovanni and the ,other 7#ahia71 ,the ,one ,i ,knew ,best 7#ahic71 ,the ,mind of a ,child 7#ahic71 7describing her son1 the original of ,fauntleroy74 ,butler1 ,william ,orlando1 #agia-ahhj soldier ,ky4 ,boatman's ,horn 7poem74 99,byrd1 ,william1 #afgd-agdd statesman ,va4 ,westover ,manuscripts3 ,history of the ,dividing ,line1 ,a ,journey to the ,land of ,eden1 ,progress to the ,mines4 ,cable1 ,george ,washington1 #ahdd- ,la41 ,mass4 ,old ,creole ,days 7#ahgi71 ,grandissimes 7#ahhj71 ,madam ,delphine 7#ahha71 ,dr4 ,sevier 7#ahhc71 ,creoles of ,louisiana 7#ahhd71 ,the ,silent ,south 7#ahhe71 ,bonaventure 7#ahhg71 ,strange ,true ,stories of ,louisiana1 edited and revised by ,g4 ,w4 ,cable 7#ahhi71 ,negro ,question 7#ahij71 ,john ,march1 ,southerner 7#ahic-d74 ,caldwell1 ,charles1 #aggb-ahec1 phys4 ,n4 ,c41 ,ky4 ,autobiography1 and other works4 ,caldwell1 ,james ,fitz-,james ,s4 ,c4 ,a ,brigade of ,south ,carolinians1 ,letters from ,europe4 99,calhoun1 ,john ,caldwell1 #aghb-ahej statesman ,s4 ,c4 ,addresses in ,congress 7#f vols74 ,calvert1 ,george ,henry1 #ahjc-ahhj ed4 ,md4 ,poems1 ,goethe1 ,dante1 ,st4 ,beuve1 and other essays4 ,campbell1 ,charles1 #ahjg-ahgf historian ,va4 ,bland ,papers1 ,introduction to the ,history of the ,old ,dominion1 ,spotswood ,family4 ,canonge1 ,l4 ,placide1 #ahbb- dramatist ,la4 ,qui ,perd ,gagne1 ,brise du ,sud1 ,le ,comte de ,carmagnola1 ,institutions ,amricaines4 ,carleton1 ,henry ,guy1 #ahce- dramatist ,n4 ,m41 ,la4 ,memnon4 ,cardozo1 ,j4 ,n4 ,s4 ,c4 ,reminiscences of ,charleston4 ,carroll1 ,mother ,austin ,la4 ,annals of the ,sisters of ,mercy4 ,caruthers1 ,william ,a41 #ahjj-ahej phys4 ,va41 ,ga4 ,knights of the ,golden ,horse-,shoe1 ,cavaliers of ,virginia1 ,kentuckians in ,new ,york4 ,castleman1 ,virginia ,c4 edu4 ,va4 ,a ,child of the ,covenant1 ,belmont1 a ,tale of the ,new ,south4 99,cawein1 ,madison1 #ahfe- poet ,ky4 ,blooms of the ,berry 7#ahhg71 ,days and ,dreams1 c4 ,chambers1 ,h4 ,e4 ,la4 ,histories of the ,united ,states 7for schools74 99,chanler1 ,mrs4 ,amlie ,rives1 #ahfc- ,va4 ,a ,brother to ,dragons and ,other ,stories 7#ahhh71 ,virginia of ,virginia 7#ahhh71 ,the ,quick or the ,dead8 7#ahhh7 and other novels and dramas4 ,chapman1 ,john ,a4 ,s4 ,c4 ,the ,walk 7poem71 ,history of ,south ,carolina 7for schools74 ,charlton1 ,robert ,m41 #ahjg-ahed lawyer ,ga4 ,leaves from the ,portfolio of a ,georgia ,lawyer1 ,sketches1 ,poems4 ,chaudron1 ,louis ,ala4 ,madame ,la ,marquise1 and other comedies4 ,chittenden1 ,william ,lawrence1 #ahfb- ,n4 ,j41 ,tex4 7called ,poet-,ranchman71 ,ranch ,verses4 ,clack1 ,mrs4 ,marie ,louise ,la4 ,our ,refugee ,household 7#ahff74 ,claiborne1 ,john ,francis ,hamtranck1 #ahji-ahhd jour4 ,miss4 ,life and ,times of ,general ,sam4 ,dale1 ,life of ,j4 ,a4 ,quitman 7#ahfj71 ,history of the ,war of ,secession4 ,clarke1 ,mrs4 ,kate ,upson1 #ahea- ,ala41 ,n4 ,y4 ,that ,mary ,ann1 and other writings4 ,clarke1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,bayard ,devereux1 #ahcj- ,n4 ,c4 ,wood-,notes1 ,mosses from a ,rolling ,stone1 ,reminiscences of ,cuba1 ,stories1 ,sketches1 ,poems4 99,clay1 ,henry1 #aggg-aheb statesman ,va41 ,ky4 ,addresses at the ,bar and in ,congress4 ,clemens1 ,jeremiah1 #ahad-ahfe ,ala4 ,rivals1 ,mustang ,gray1 and other novels4 ,cleveland1 ,henry ,ga4 ,alexander ,h4 ,stephens 7#ahff74 ,clingman1 ,thomas ,lanier1 #ahab- statesman1 soldier ,n4 ,c4 ,speeches1 ,mountains of ,north ,carolina1 ,follies of the ,positive ,philosophy4 ,cobb1 ,joseph ,buckham1 #ahai-aheh ,ga41 ,miss4 ,creole1 ,mississippi ,scenes1 ,leisure ,labor4 ,cobb1 ,thomas ,read ,rootes1 #ahbc-ahfb lawyer ,ga4 ,law of ,slavery1 ,laws of ,georgia1 ,addresses1 ,poems4 ,coleman1 ,charles ,washington1 ,jr ,va4 ,poems1 ,literature in the ,south4 ,collens1 ,thomas ,wharton1 #ahab-ahgi lawyer ,la4 ,martyr ,patriots 7drama71 ,humanics1 ,eden of ,labor4 ,collins1 ,clarence ,b4 ,fla4 7,called ,sand-spur ,philosopher71 ,tom and ,joe1 7a story of the war74 ,connelly1 ,emma ,m4 ,ky4 ,story of ,kentucky1 ,tilting at ,windmills4 ,conway1 ,moncure ,daniel1 #ahcb- ,va4 ,idols and ,ideals1 ,wandering ,jew1 ,pine and ,palm1 ,prisons of ,air1 ,life of ,paine1 and other works4 ,cook1 ,e41 colonial times ,va41 ,md4 ,sot-,weed ,tobacco ,factor4 99,cooke1 ,philip ,pendleton1 #ahaf-ahej ,va4 ,froissart ,ballads and other ,poems 7#ahdg71 ,john ,carpe1 ,crime of ,andrew ,blair1 and other stories4 99,cooke1 ,john ,esten1 #ahcj-ahhf ,va4 ,virginia ,comedians1 ,surry of ,eagle's ,nest1 and other novels4 ,courmont1 ,flix de ,la4 ,le ,morne ,vert1 ,l',amour1 ,le ,dernier des ,carabes4 99,craddock1 ,charles ,egbert 7,miss ,murfree7 ,tenn4 ,prophet of the ,great ,smoky ,mountains1 c4 ,crafts1 ,william1 #aghg-ahbf lawyer ,s4 ,c4 ,raciad1 and other poems1 essays1 c4 ,crane1 ,william ,carey1 #ahaf-ahhe ,bapt4 cl41 edu4 ,va4 ,tex4 ,life of ,general ,sam ,houston4 ,crawford1 ,j4 ,marshall ,va4 ,mosby and ,his ,men 7#ahfg74 ,crawford1 ,william ,harris1 #aggb-ahcd statesman ,ga4 ,speeches4 ,crawford1 ,nathaniel ,macon1 #ahaa-ahga ,bapt4 cl41 edu4 ,ga41 ,ky4 ,christian ,paradoxes4 ,creswell1 ,mrs4 ,julia ,pleasants1 #ahbg-ahhf ,ala4 ,callamura1 ,apheila1 ,poems4 ,crim1 ,matt ,ga4 ,adventures of a ,fair ,rebel1 ,in ,beaver ,cove and ,elsewhere1 ,elizabeth3 ,christian ,scientist4 99,crockett1 ,david1 #aghf-ahcf soldier1 hunter ,tenn4 ,autobiography1 c4 ,cross1 ,mrs4 ,jane ,tandy ,chinn1 #ahag-ahgj edu4 ,ky4 ,heart ,blossoms1 ,azile1 ,six ,months ,under a ,cloud 7,prison ,life74 ,crozier1 ,robert ,haskins cl4 ,miss4 ,confederate ,spy4 ,cruse1 ,mary ,ann ,ala4 ,cameron ,hall4 ,cumming1 ,kate1 #ahce- ,ala4 ,hospital ,life in the ,army of ,tennessee4 99,curry1 ,jabez ,lamar ,monroe1 #ahbe- diplomate ,ala41 ,va4 ,southern ,states of the ,american ,union1 c4 ,custis1 ,george ,washington ,parke1 #agha-aheg ,va4 ,memoir of ,washington4 ,cutler1 ,mrs4 ,lizzie ,petit1 #ahca- ,va4 ,light and ,darkness1 ,household ,mysteries1 ,a ,romance of ,southern ,life4 ,dabney1 ,richard1 #aghg-ahbe ,va4 ,poems1 original and translated4 ,dabney1 ,robert ,lewis1 #ahbj- edu4 ,va41 ,tex4 ,defence of ,virginia and the ,south1 ,life of ,t4 ,j4 ,jackson4 ,dabney1 ,virginius1 #ahce-ahid ,va4 ,don ,miff1 ,gold ,that ,did ,not ,glitter4 ,dagg1 ,john ,l41 #agid-ahhd ,bapt4 cl41 edu4 ,va41 ,ga41 ,ala4 ,manual of ,theology1 ,moral ,philosophy4 ,dalsheimer1 ,mrs4 ,alice ,solomon1 #ahde-ahhj 7,salvia ,dale7 ,la4 ,motherhood1 ,twilight ,shadows 7poems74 ,dana1 ,mrs41 see ,shindler 99,dandridge1 ,mrs4 ,danske ,bedinger1 #ahei- ,w4 ,va4 ,joy and other ,poems4 ,darby1 ,john ,f4 ,mo4 ,personal ,recollections4 ,darden1 ,mrs4 ,fannie ,a4 ,d4 ,baker ,ala41 ,tex4 ,comanche ,boy1 ,old ,brigade1 and other poems4 ,dargan1 ,clara ,victoria1 #ahdj- ,s4 ,c4 ,riverlands1 ,helen ,howard1 ,poems4 ,daveiss1 ,mrs4 ,maria ,thompson1 #ahad- ,ky4 ,roger ,sherman1 a ,tale of '#gf1 ,woman's ,love1 ,poems4 ,david1 ,urbain ,la4 ,les ,anglais la ,louisiane en #ahad et #ahae4 99,davidson1 ,james ,wood1 #ahbi- edu41 jour4 ,s4 ,c4 ,living ,writers of the ,south 7#ahfi71 ,poetry of the ,future1 c4 99,davis1 ,jefferson1 #ahjh-ahhi1 statesman ,miss4 ,rise and ,fall of the ,confederacy4 ,davis1 ,mrs4 ,varina ,jefferson ,howell ,miss4 ,jefferson ,davis4 ,davis1 ,varina ,anne1 #ahfd 7called ,child of the 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,ala4 ,four ,years in ,rebel ,capitals1 ,a ,fair ,blockade-,breaker1 ,creole and ,puritan1 and other stories4 ,dennis1 ,james ,teackle ,md4 ,on the ,shores of an ,inland ,sea 7,alaskan travel and life74 ,dessommes1 ,george ,la4 ,geoffroy le ,troubadour1 ,a ,deux ,morts4 ,de ,vere1 ,maximilian ,schele1 #ahbj- edu4 ,sweden1 ,va4 ,romance of ,american ,history1 ,the ,great ,empress ,agrippina1 ,grammaire franaise1 ,studies in ,english1 ,americanisms1 ,modern ,magic1 and other works4 ,devron1 ,g4 ,la4 ,montzuma1 and studies in ,louisiana ,history4 ,dew1 ,thomas ,roderick1 #ahjb-ahdf edu4 ,va4 ,policy of the ,government1 ,slavery1 and other ,essays4 ,dickison1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,elizabeth ,s4 ,c41 ,fla4 ,dickison and ,his ,men4 ,didier1 ,franklin ,james1 #agid-ahdj phys4 ,md4 ,letters4 ,didier1 ,eugene ,lemoine1 #ahch- ,md4 ,life of ,poe1 ,madame ,bonaparte4 ,dimitry1 ,alexander1 #ahje-ahhc 7,guarnerius7 edu4 ,la4 ,greek ,demetrius4 ,dimitry1 ,john ,bull ,smith1 #ahce- ed4 ,la4 ,history and 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,nameless1 ,pluto1 ,legend of ,catawba1 and other poems and stories4 99,drayton1 ,william ,henry1 #agdb-aggi statesman ,s4 ,c4 ,revolution in ,south ,carolina4 99,drayton1 ,john1 #agff-ahbb lawyer gov4 of ,s4 ,c4 ,view of ,south ,carolina1 c4 ,du ,bose1 ,mrs4 ,catherine ,anne ,richards1 #ahbf- ,ga4 ,wachulla 7poem71 ,pastor's ,household4 ,duffee1 ,mary ,gordon1 ca4 #ahdj- ,ala4 ,cleopatra1 ,history of ,alabama1 ,mammoth ,cave1 ,blount ,springs1 c4 ,duffy1 ,annie ,v4 ,n4 ,c4 ,glenalban and other ,poems 7#ahgh74 ,dufour1 ,cyprien ,la4 ,esquisses ,locales4 ,duggan1 ,mrs4 ,janie ,prichard ,n4 ,c4 ,a ,mexican ,ranch 7#ahid74 ,dugu1 ,charles ,oscar1 #ahba- ed4 ,la4 ,le ,cygne ou ,mingo1 ,mila ou la ,mort de ,la ,salle1 ,essais potiques1 ,philosophie ,morale 7in ,french and ,english74 ,duke1 ,basil ,w4 soldier1 ed4 ,ky4 7,editor ,southern ,magazine71 ,morgan's ,cavalry4 ,dupuy1 ,eliza ,ann1 #ahad-ahha ,va41 ,la4 ,conspirators 7story of ,aaron ,burr71 and many other novels4 ,early1 ,john1 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#ahad-ahdh edu4 ,md4 ,life of ,bishop ,emory1 ,history of the ,discipline of the ,m4 ,e4 ,church4 ,emory1 ,william ,hemsley1 #ahaa- soldier ,md4 ,notes of a ,military ,reconnoissance in ,missouri and ,california4 ,england1 ,john1 #aghf-ahdb first ,r4 ,c4 bishop of ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c4 ,works 7#e volumes74 ,eve1 ,paul ,fitzsimmons1 #ahjf-ahgg surgeon1 edu4 ,ga41 ,tenn4 ,what the ,south and ,west have done for ,american ,surgery4 99,fairbanks1 ,george ,rainsford1 #ahbj- soldier ,fla4 ,history of ,florida1 c4 ,fanning1 ,david1 #aged-ahbe freebooter ,n4 ,c4 ,narrative of ,adventures in ,north ,carolina1 edited by ,j4 ,h4 ,wheeler 7#ahfa74 ,farmer1 ,henry ,tudor1 #aghb-ahbh phys4 ,eng41 ,s4 ,c4 ,imagination and other poems4 ,farrar1 ,f4 ,r4 lawyer ,va4 ,johnny ,reb1 ,rip ,van ,winkle4 ,fauquier1 ,francis1 #agbj-agfh colonial governor of ,va4 ,raising ,money for the ,war4 ,ficklen1 ,mrs4 ,john ,r4 ,la4 ,dream ,poetry4 ,field1 ,joseph ,m41 #ahaj-ahef 7,straws7 actor ,mo4 ,drama of 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#ageg-ahbi soldier ,s4 ,c4 ,anecdotes of the ,revolutionary ,war4 ,gardener1 ,h4 ,h4 7see ,mrs4 ,smart74 ,garland1 ,hugh ,a41 #ahje-ahed lawyer ,va41 ,mo4 ,life of ,john ,randolph of ,roanoke4 ,garnett1 ,james ,mercer1 #aggj-ahdc publicist ,va4 7,founder and first president of the ,u4 ,s4 ,agricultural ,society71 ,female ,education1 ,articles on ,agriculture4 ,garnett1 ,james ,mercer1 #ahdj- edu4 ,va4 ,english ,literature1 ,translations of ,anglo-,saxon ,poems4 ,garrett ,ala4 ,public ,men of ,alabama4 ,gaston1 ,james ,mc,fadden ,s4 ,c4 ,hunting a ,home in ,brazil4 99,gayarr1 ,charles tienne ,arthur1 #ahje-ahie ,la4 ,history of ,louisiana and other works4 ,gentil1 ,j4 ,la4 ,elle 7posie74 ,gibbes1 ,robert ,wilson1 #ahji-ahdf sci4 ,s4 ,c4 ,documentary ,history of the ,american ,revolution1 medical and scientific works4 ,gibbons1 ,james1 #ahcd- ,r4 ,c4 ,cardinal ,md4 ,faith of ,our ,fathers4 ,gibson1 ,william1 #aghh-ahfh surgeon ,md41 ,ga4 ,rambles in ,europe1 ,surgery4 ,gilbert1 ,david ,mc,conaughey1 #ahcf- ,luth4 cl4 ,pa41 ,va4 ,lutheran ,church in ,virginia1 ,muhlenberg's ,ministry in ,virginia1 c4 ,gildersleeve1 ,basil ,lanneau1 #ahca- edu4 ,s4 ,c41 ,md4 ,studies in ,philology1 editor of ,greek texts4 ,gillespie1 ,joseph ,h4 cl41 edu4 ,n4 ,c4 ,chancellorsville1 ,myra1 ,sumter1 ,elsinore and other poems 7#ahhh74 ,gilman1 ,daniel ,coit1 #ahca- edu4 ,conn41 ,md4 ,life of ,monroe1 c4 ,gilmer1 ,george ,rockingham1 #agij-ahei lawyer ,ga4 ,georgiana4 ,gilmor1 ,harry1 #ahch-ahhc soldier ,md4 ,four ,years in the ,saddle4 ,girard1 ,mme ,d4 ,la4 ,histoire des ,etats-,unis1 suivie de l',histoire de la ,louisiane4 ,glenn1 ,james from #agdd to #agee governor of ,s4 ,c4 ,description of ,south ,carolina4 ,glisan1 ,rodney1 #ahbg- surgeon ,md4 ,journal of ,army ,life1 ,two ,years in ,europe4 ,goode ,mo4 ,the ,story of a ,life4 ,gordon1 ,armistead ,churchill1 #ahee- lawyer ,va4 ,befo' de ,wa' 7with ,thomas ,nelson ,page71 ,ode on the ,unveiling of the ,soldiers' ,monument 7#ahid74 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,parish1 ,true ,american ,citizen4 ,lipscomb1 ,andrew ,adgate1 #ahaf- ,m4 ,e4 cl41 edu4 ,ga4 ,ala41 ,va4 ,studies in the ,forty ,days1 and other essays4 ,lloyd1 ,mrs4 ,annie ,creight ,ala4 ,garnet1 ,hagar1 ,pearl 7novels74 ,logan1 ,john ,henry1 #ahbb-ahhe phys4 ,s4 ,c4 ,history of the ,upper ,country of ,south ,carolina4 ,long1 ,armistead ,lindsay1 #ahbg- soldier ,va4 ,memoir of ,r4 ,e4 ,lee 7#ahff74 ,long1 ,charles ,chaill1 #ahdb- soldier ,md4 ,central ,africa1 ,the ,three ,prophets1 c4 ,long1 ,crawford ,w41 #ahae-ahgh phys4 ,ga4 7,discoverer of ,ansthesia71 medical writings4 ,long1 ,mrs4 ,ellen ,call ,fla4 ,romance of ,tallahassee4 99,longstreet1 ,augustus ,baldwin1 #agij-ahgj edu4 ,ga4 ,georgia ,scenes and other writings4 ,lord1 ,mrs4 ,alice ,e4 ,md4 ,the ,days of ,lamb and ,coleridge1 7#ahid74 ,loughborough1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,webster1 #ahcf-ahhg ,ark4 ,my ,cave ,life in ,vicksburg 7#ahfd71 ,for ,better1 ,for ,worse1 and other ,stories4 ,lowndes1 ,rawlins1 #agbb-ahjj statesman ,w4 ,indies1 ,s4 ,c4 ,political addresses4 99,lucas1 ,daniel ,bedinger1 #ahcf- jurist ,w4 ,va4 ,land ,where ,we ,were ,dreaming1 and other poems1 c4 ,lussan1 ,a4 ,la4 ,les ,martyrs de la ,louisiane 7tragedy74 ,lynch1 ,james ,daniel1 #ahcf- lawyer ,va41 ,miss41 ,tex4 ,clock of ,destiny1 ,star of ,texas1 ,siege of the ,alamo1 ,bench and ,bar of ,mississippi1 ,bench and ,bar of ,texas4 ,lynch1 ,patrick ,niesen1 #ahag-ahhb ,r4 ,c4 bishop ,ireland1 ,s4 ,c4 ,vatican ,council and other religious writings4 ,lynch1 ,william ,francis1 #ahjj-ahfe naval officer ,va41 ,md4 ,united ,states ,expedition to the ,jordan and ,dead ,sea4 ,mc,adoo1 ,william ,gibbs1 #ahbj- jurist ,tenn4 ,poems1 ,elementary ,geology of ,tennessee4 ,mc,adoo1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,faith ,floyd1 #ahcb- ,tenn4 ,nereid1 ,antethusia4 ,mc,afee1 ,robert ,breckenridge1 #aghd-ahdi lawyer ,ky4 ,history of the ,war of #ahab4 ,mc,afee1 ,mrs4 ,nelly ,nichol ,marshall1 #ahde- ,ky4 ,eleanor ,morton or ,life in ,dixie1 ,as by ,fire1 ,wearing the ,cross1 and other novels4 ,mc,anally1 ,david ,rice1 #ahaj- ,tenn4 ,martha ,laurens ,ramsay1 ,lives of ,rev4 ,william and ,rev4 ,samuel ,patton4 ,mc,cabe1 ,john ,collins1 #ahaj-ahge ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,va4 ,scraps 7poems74 ,mc,cabe1 ,james ,dabney1 ,jr41 #ahdb- ,va4 ,gray-,jackets1 ,life of ,jackson1 ,life of ,a4 ,s4 ,johnston1 ,paris by ,gaslight and ,sunlight1 ,life of ,gen4 ,lee1 ,centennial ,history of the ,united ,states1 ,young ,folks ,abroad1 c4 99,mc,cabe1 ,william ,gordon1 #ahda- edu4 ,va4 ,ballads of ,battle and ,bravery 7#ahgc71 ,defence of ,petersburg in ,campaign #ahfd-e 7#ahgf74 ,mc,caleb1 ,thomas ,la4 ,anthony ,melgrave4 ,mc,call1 ,hugh1 #agfg-ahbd soldier ,ga4 ,history of ,georgia4 ,mc,calla1 ,william ,latta1 #aghh-ahei ,pr4 cl4 ,ky41 ,la4 ,adventures in ,texas #ahdj1 ,doctorate of ,divinity1 ,sermons4 ,mc,clelland1 ,mary ,greenway ,va4 ,oblivion1 ,norwood1 ,white ,heron1 ,eleanor ,gwynn1 ,princess1 ,jean ,monteith1 ,madam ,silva1 ,burkett's ,lock4 ,mc,clung1 ,john ,alexander1 #ahjd-ahei ,pr4 cl4 ,ky4 ,sketches of ,western ,adventure4 ,mc,clurg1 ,james1 #agdg-ahbe phys4 ,va4 ,belles of ,williamsburg 7poem1 in ,john ,esten ,cooke's ,virginia ,comedians74 99,m',cord1 ,mrs4 ,louisa ,susannah ,cheves1 #ahaj-ahhj ,s4 ,c4 ,my ,dreams 7poems71 ,essays1 c4 ,mc,culloh1 ,james ,haines1 #agic- ,md4 ,american ,aboriginal ,history4 ,mc,dowell1 ,mrs4 ,katharine ,sherwood ,bonner1 #ahdi-ahhd ,miss4 ,like unto ,like1 ,dialect ,tales1 ,radical ,club 7poem74 ,mc,dowell1 ,silas1 #agie-ahgi artisan ,s4 ,c41 ,n4 ,c4 ,above the ,clouds1 ,theory of the ,thermal ,zone4 ,mc,duffie1 ,george1 #aghh-ahea statesman governor of ,s4 ,c4 ,speeches1 ,eulogy on ,r4 ,y4 ,hayne 7#ahdj74 ,mc,ferrin1 ,john ,berry1 #ahjg-ahhg ,m4 ,e4 cl4 ,tenn4 ,history of ,methodism in ,tenn4 ,mc,garvey1 ,john ,william1 #ahbi- cl41 edu4 ,ky4 ,commentary on ,acts1 ,matthew1 and ,mark1 ,lands of the ,bible1 ,text and ,canon4 ,mc,guire1 ,mrs4 ,judith ,walker ,brockenbrough1 #ahac- ,va4 ,diary of a ,southern ,refugee during the ,war1 by a lady of ,virginia 7#ahfa-e71 ,life of ,lee 7for ,sunday-,schools74 ,mc,guire1 ,hunter ,holmes1 #ahce- surgeon ,va4 ,medical ,writings1 ,account of the ,death of ,stonewall ,jackson 7whose attending physician he was71 ,life of ,jackson 7yet unpublished74 ,mc,intosh1 ,maria ,jane1 #ahjc-ahgh 7,aunt ,kitty7 ,ga41 ,n4 ,j4 ,to ,seem and ,to ,be1 ,woman in ,america1 ,two ,lives1 ,blind ,alice1 and other stories for girls4 ,mc,kenney1 ,thomas ,lorraine1 #aghe-ahei ,md4 ,tour to the ,lakes1 ,travels among ,northern and ,southern ,indians4 ,mackey1 ,john1 #agfe-ahca edu4 ,s4 ,c4 ,text-book on ,arithmetic 7the first one published in ,america74 ,mackey1 ,albert ,gallatin1 #ahjg-ahha phys4 ,s4 ,c4 ,free ,masonry1 ,mystic ,tie1 and other ,masonic works4 ,mc,leod1 ,mrs4 ,georgiana ,a4 ,hulse edu4 ,fla4 ,sunbeams and ,shadows1 ,ivy ,leaves from the ,old ,homestead4 ,mc,mahon1 ,john ,van ,lear1 #ahjj-ahga ,md4 ,historical ,view of ,maryland4 ,macon1 ,john ,alfred1 #ahea- jour4 ,ala4 ,uncle ,gabernarius1 ,uncle ,gabe ,tucker1 ,christmas at the ,quarters1 and other dialect poems4 ,mc,ree1 ,john ,griffith1 #ahbj-ahgb lawyer ,n4 ,c4 ,life of ,james ,iredell4 ,mc,sherry1 ,james1 #ahai-ahfi lawyer ,md4 ,history of ,maryland1 ,pre ,jean1 ,willitoft4 ,mc,sherry1 ,richard1 #ahag-ahhe phys4 ,w4 ,va41 ,md4 ,el ,puchero1 or a ,mixed ,dish from ,mexico1 ,medical ,essays4 ,mc,tyeire1 ,holland ,nimmons1 #ahbd- ,m4 ,e4 bishop ,s4 ,c4 ,duties of ,christian ,masters1 ,catechism1 ,history of the ,methodist ,discipline4 99,madison1 ,james1 #agea-ahcf statesman1 fourth ,president ,va4 ,state papers4 ,madison1 ,mrs4 ,dorothy ,payne ,todd1 #aggb-ahdi ,n4 ,c41 ,va4 ,letters 7edited by her grand-niece74 ,maffit1 ,john ,newland1 #agie-ahej ,m4 ,e4 cl4 ,ala41 ,ark4 ,pulpit ,sketches1 ,poems1 ,autobiography4 ,magill1 ,mary ,tucker1 #ahcb- ,va4 ,the ,holcombes 7novel71 ,chronicle of the ,late ,war1 ,history of ,virginia4 ,magruder1 ,allan ,bowie1 #agee-ahbb statesman ,ky4 ,cession of ,louisiana1 ,character of ,jefferson1 ,indians 7unfinished74 ,magruder1 ,allan ,b4 ,va4 ,life of ,john ,marshall4 ,magruder1 ,julia1 #ahed- ,va4 ,across the ,chasm1 ,at ,anchor1 ,honored in the ,breach1 ,magnificent ,plebeian1 ,a ,beautiful ,alien1 and other stories4 ,mallary1 ,charles ,dutton1 #ahja-ahfd ,bapt4 cl4 ,s4 ,c41 ,ga4 ,memoir of ,jesse ,mercer1 ,life of ,edmund ,botsford4 ,mangum1 ,a4 ,w41 #ahcd- ,m4 ,e4 cl4 ,n4 ,c4 ,myrtle ,leaves1 ,safety ,lamp4 ,mann1 ,ambrose ,dudley1 #ahja- diplomate ,va4 ,memoirs4 ,marean1 ,mrs4 ,beatrice ,fla4 ,tragedies of ,oakhurst1 ,her ,shadowed ,life1 c4 ,marigny1 ,bernard de ,la4 ,la ,politique des ,etats-,unis4 ,marks1 ,elias1 #agij-ahhf edu4 ,s4 ,c4 ,elfreide of ,guldal1 and other poems4 ,marr1 ,frances ,harrison1 #ahce- ,va4 ,heart ,life in ,song1 ,virginia1 and other poems4 99,marshall1 ,john1 #agee-ahce jurist ,va4 ,life of ,washington1 ,decisions of the ,supreme ,court4 ,marshall1 ,charles1 #ahcj- lawyer ,va4 ,life of ,r4 ,e4 ,lee4 ,marshall1 ,humphrey1 #agef-ahda statesman ,va41 ,ky4 ,history of ,kentucky4 ,marshall1 ,thomas ,francis1 #ahja-ahfd orator1 lawyer ,ky4 ,speeches4 ,martin1 ,mlle ,dsire ,la4 ,le ,destin d'un ,brin de ,mousse4 ,martin1 ,franois ,xavier1 #agfd-ahdf jurist ,n4 ,c41 ,la4 ,history of ,north ,carolina1 ,history of ,louisiana4 ,martin1 ,joseph ,hamilton1 #ahbe-ahhg ,pr4 cl4 ,tenn41 ,s4 ,c41 ,va41 ,ky4 ,historical poems3 ,smith and ,pocahontas1 ,declaration of ,independence1 c4 ,martin1 ,luther1 #agdh-ahbf lawyer ,n4 ,j41 ,md4 ,defence of ,captain ,cresap1 ,modern ,gratitude1 ,speeches4 ,martin1 ,mrs4 ,margaret ,maxwell1 #ahjg- edu4 ,s4 ,c4 ,heroines of ,early ,methodism1 ,scenes in ,south ,carolina1 ,day-,spring1 ,christianity in ,earnest1 ,poems4 ,martin1 ,mrs4 ,sallie ,m4 ,davis ,s4 ,c41 ,ga4 ,lalla de ,vere1 ,women of ,france4 ,marvin1 ,enoch ,mather1 #ahbc-ahgg ,m4 ,e4 bishop ,mo4 ,work of ,christ1 ,to the ,east by ,way of the ,west4 ,mason1 ,george1 #agbe-agib statesman ,va4 ,speeches4 ,mason1 ,emily ,virginia1 #ahae- ,ky41 ,va4 ,life of ,r4 ,e4 ,lee1 ,edited ,southern ,poems of the ,war4 ,mason1 ,otis ,tufton scientist ,d4 ,c4 ,woman's ,share in ,primitive ,culture 7#ahid74 99,maury1 ,matthew ,fontaine1 #ahjf-ahgc naval officer1 sci4 ,tenn41 ,va4 ,physical ,geography of the ,sea1 c4 ,maury1 ,ann1 #ahjc-ahgf ,memoirs of a ,huguenot ,family4 ,maury1 ,mrs4 ,sarah ,mytton ,hughes1 #ahjc-ahdi ,eng41 ,va4 ,english ,women in ,america1 ,statesmen of ,america1 ,etchings from the ,caracci4 ,maury1 ,dabney ,herndon1 #ahbb- soldier ,va4 ,skirmish ,drill1 ,recollections of a ,virginian 7#ahid74 ,maxcy1 ,jonathan1 #agfh-ahbj edu4 ,mass41 ,s4 ,c4 7,first president of ,south ,carolina ,college71 ,orations1 ,sermons1 ,addresses 7ed4 by ,r4 ,elton1 ,d4 ,d474 ,maxwell1 ,hu ,w4 ,va4 ,idylls of ,golden ,shore1 poems4 ,maxwell1 ,william1 #aghd-aheg ed4 ,va4 ,historical ,register ,va4 ,memoir of ,rev4 ,john ,h4 ,rice4 ,mayer1 ,brantz1 #ahji-ahgi ,md4 ,journal of ,charles ,carroll1 ,baltimore1 ,captain ,canot1 ,mexico4 ,mayo1 ,joseph ,va4 ,woodburne 7novel of ,virginia and ,maryland74 ,mayo1 ,robert1 #aghd-ahfd ed4 ,va41 ,d4 ,c4 ,mayo ,family1 ,system of ,mythology1 ,ancient ,geography and ,history1 ,treasury ,department4 ,mead1 ,edward ,c4 ,va4 ,history of the ,lee ,family in ,virginia and ,maryland from ,a4 ,d4 #abjj to #ahff4 ,meade1 ,william1 #aghi-ahfb ,p4 ,e4 bishop ,va4 ,old ,churches1 ,ministers1 and ,families of ,virginia1 ,sermons1 ,the ,bible and the ,classics4 99,meek1 ,alexander ,beaufort1 #ahad-ahfe ,ala4 ,red ,eagle1 ,romantic ,passages1 c4 ,mell1 ,patrick ,hues1 #ahad-ahhh ,bapt4 cl41 edu4 ,ga4 ,parliamentary ,practice1 ,philosophy of ,prayer1 ,baptism1 ,church ,discipline4 ,memminger1 ,charles ,gustavus1 #ahjc- ,ger41 ,s4 ,c4 ,book of ,nullification4 ,mercier1 ,alfred ,la4 ,l',habitation ,st4 ,ybars1 ,la ,rose de ,smyrne1 ,l',hermite de ,niagara1 ,la ,fille du ,prtre4 ,meriwether1 ,elizabeth ,avery ,miss4 ,master of ,red ,leaf4 ,meriwether1 ,lee1 #ahfb- ,miss4 ,european ,labor1 ,tramp ,trip1 ,how to ,see ,europe on ,fifty ,cents a ,day4 ,mry1 ,gaston tienne1 #agic-ahdd ,la4 ,la ,lgende du ,corsaire ,lafitte1 ,la ,politique ,amricaine et ,les ,indiens4 ,messenger1 ,mrs4 ,lilian ,rozelle1 #ahec- ,ky41 ,ala41 ,ark4 ,poems4 ,metcalfe1 ,samuel ,l41 #agih-ahef phys4 ,va41 ,ky4 ,indian ,warfare in the ,west1 ,caloric1 c4 ,michel1 ,william ,middleton1 #ahbb- phys4 ,s4 ,c4 7,editor1 ,medical and ,surgical ,journal71 ,development of the ,opossum4 ,middleton1 ,arthur1 #agdb-aghg 7,andrew ,marvell7 ,s4 ,c4 ,political ,essays1 ,speeches1 c4 ,middleton1 ,john ,izard1 #aghe-ahdi ,s4 ,c4 ,grecian ,remains in ,italy1 ,cyclopean ,walls4 ,middleton1 ,henry1 #agig-ahgf ,s4 ,c4 ,prospects of ,disunion1 ,government and ,currency1 ,causes of ,slavery1 ,universal ,suffrage4 ,miles1 ,george ,henry1 #ahbd-ahga dramatist ,md4 ,mahomet1 ,de ,soto1 ,mary's ,birthday1 ,aladdin's ,palace1 ,seor ,valiente1 ,cromwell1 ,seven ,sisters1 ,abou ,hassan the ,wag1 ,landing of the ,pilgrims of ,maryland1 ,christine 7story in verse71 ,inkerman 7lyric71 ,glimpses of ,tuscany1 ,loretto or the ,choice1 ,truce of ,god1 ,review of ,hamlet4 ,miller1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,ayer1 7,luola7 ,n4 ,c4 ,wood ,notes 7poems71 and ,sunday-school books4 ,miller1 ,stephen ,franks1 #ahaj-ahfg lawyer ,n4 ,c41 ,ga4 ,bench and ,bar of ,georgia1 ,wilkins ,wilder1 ,memoir of ,gen4 ,david ,blackshear4 ,milligan1 ,robert1 #ahad-ahge edu41 cl4 ,ireland1 ,ky4 ,prayer1 ,reason and ,revelation1 ,annals of the ,new ,testament1 ,great ,commission1 ,commentary on ,hebrews4 ,mills1 ,robert1 #agha-ahee architect ,s4 ,c4 7,designer of the ,washington ,monument at ,washington71 ,statistics of ,south ,carolina1 ,american ,pharos4 ,mitchell1 ,ormsby ,mc,knight1 #ahji-ahfb astronomer ,ky41 ,s4 ,c4 ,planetary and ,stellar ,worlds1 ,orbs of ,heaven1 ,physical ,geography1 c4 ,mitchell1 ,elisha1 #agic-aheg sci4 ,conn41 ,n4 ,c4 ,elements of ,geology4 7,see account under ,christian ,reid47 ,mitchell1 ,miss ,f4 ,l4 ,ga4 ,georgia ,land and ,people4 ,moise1 ,penina1 #agig-ahcj ,s4 ,c4 ,fanny's ,sketch-,book 7poems74 ,monroe1 ,james1 #ageh-ahca statesman1 fifth ,president ,va4 ,state ,papers1 ,monroe ,doctrine4 ,montgomery1 ,sir ,robert1 #afhj-agca colonist ,establishment of a ,new ,colony to the south of ,carolina1 in the most delightful ,country of the ,universe4 ,moore1 ,hight ,c4 ,n4 ,c4 ,select ,poetry of ,north ,carolina 7#ahid74 ,moore1 ,john ,w4 ,n4 ,c4 ,history of ,north ,carolina4 ,moore1 ,thomas ,vernon1 #ahah-ahga ,pr4 cl4 ,va41 ,tenn4 ,god's ,universe1 ,commentaries on ,haggai1 ,zechariah1 ,malachi1 ,culdee ,church1 c4 ,mordecai1 ,s4 ,va4 ,richmond in ,by-,gone ,days4 ,morehead1 ,james ,turner1 #agig-ahed ,ky4 ,first ,settlers of ,kentucky1 ,law in ,kentucky4 ,mosby1 ,john ,singleton1 #ahcc- soldier ,va4 ,war ,reminiscences4 ,mosby1 ,mary ,webster1 #agia-ahdd ,va4 ,pocahontas4 ,moultrie1 ,william1 #agca-ahje soldier ,s4 ,c4 ,memoirs of the ,american ,revolution in ,north and ,south ,carolina and ,georgia4 ,muir1 ,james1 #ageg-ahbj ,pr4 cl4 ,scot41 ,va4 ,examination of the ,age of ,reason4 ,mullany1 ,patrick ,francis1 #ahdg- edu41 7,brother ,azarias7 ,md4 ,psychological ,aspects of ,education1 ,philosophy of ,literature1 ,dante1 ,aristotle and the ,church1 ,english ,thought4 ,munford1 ,robert dramatist ,va4 ,candidate1 ,patriots1 7dramas1 pub'd #agih74 ,munford1 ,william1 #agge-ahbe 7son of ,robert7 ,va4 ,poems1 ,translation of the ,iliad1 ,reports of the ,court of ,appeals4 99,murfree1 ,mary ,noailles 7see ,craddock7 ,murfree1 ,fannie ,d4 7sister of ,mary7 ,tenn4 ,felicia 7novel74 ,murphy1 ,mrs4 ,rosalie ,miller ,s4 ,c41 ,ala41 ,n4 ,y4 ,destiny1 or ,life ,as ,it ,is1 ,mistrust1 ,waifs 7poems74 ,musick1 ,john ,r41 #ahea- ,mo4 ,pocahontas1 ,columbian ,novels1 ,calamity ,row4 ,nagle1 ,j4 ,e4 phys4 ,la4 ,a ,home ,that ,i ,love1 and other ,poems4 ,neville1 ,l4 ,va4 ,edith ,allen 7,life in ,virginia74 ,nicholson1 ,mrs4 ,eliza ,jane ,poitevent1 7,pearl ,rivers7 ,miss41 ,la4 7,editor ,new ,orleans ,picayune71 ,burial and ,resurrection of ,love1 and other lyrics and writings4 ,norman1 ,benjamin ,moore1 #ahji-ahfj ,n4 ,y41 ,la4 ,new ,orleans and ,environs 7#ahde71 ,rambles in ,yucatan1 ,rambles by ,land and ,water4 ,norton1 ,john ,nicholas1 #ahbj-ahha ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,n4 ,y41 ,ky4 ,lives of the ,bishops1 ,boy ,trained to be a ,clergyman1 ,full ,proof of the ,ministry1 and many other works4 ,norwood1 ,colonel ,england4 ,voyage to ,virginia1 #afdi4 ,nott1 ,henry ,junius1 #agig-ahcg ,s4 ,c4 ,novelettes of a ,traveller1 ,essays1 c4 ,nott1 ,josiah ,clark1 #ahjd-ahgc phys41 sci4 ,s4 ,c41 ,ala4 ,types of ,mankind1 ,history of the ,jewish ,race1 ,indigenous ,races of the ,east4 ,nourse1 ,james ,duncan1 #ahag-ahed jour4 ,ky41 ,mo4 ,forest ,knight1 ,leavenworth1 ,god in ,history4 ,oglethorpe1 ,james ,edward1 #afih-aghe ,eng41 ,ga4 ,st4 ,augustine ,campaign 7#agdb71 ,colonies of ,south ,carolina and ,georgia4 99,o',hara1 ,theodore1 #ahbj-ahfg soldier ,ky41 ,ga4 ,bivouac of the ,dead1 and other poems4 ,o',neall1 ,john ,belton1 #agic-ahfc jurist ,s4 ,c4 ,annals of ,newberry1 ,bench and ,bar of ,south ,carolina4 ,otts1 ,john ,martin ,philip1 #ahch- ,pr4 cl4 ,s4 ,c41 ,ala4 ,southern ,pen and ,pulpit1 ,light and ,life1 ,sermons4 ,overall1 ,john ,w4 ed4 ,va41 ,ala41 ,la4 #gf and #fa1 ,bards1 and other poems4 ,owen1 ,william ,miller ,la4 ,in ,camp and ,battle1 ,washington ,artillery4 ,page1 ,john1 #agdd-ahjh governor of ,va4 ,addresses to the ,people4 ,page1 ,richard ,channing ,moore1 #ahda- phys4 ,va4 ,page ,family in ,virginia4 99,page1 ,thomas ,nelson1 #ahec- ,va4 ,in ,ole ,virginia1 c4 ,paine1 ,robert1 #agii-ahhb ,m4 ,e4 bishop ,n4 ,c41 ,miss4 ,life of ,bishop ,mc,kendree4 ,painter1 ,f4 ,v4 ,n4 edu4 ,va4 ,history of ,education1 ,luther and ,education1 ,study of ,english ,literature4 ,palmer1 ,benjamin ,morgan1 #ahah- ,pr4 cl4 ,s4 ,c41 ,la4 ,life of ,j4 ,h4 ,thornwell1 ,formation of ,character1 ,sermons4 ,palmer1 ,john ,williamson1 #ahbe- ,md4 ,stonewall ,jackson's ,way and other poems1 ,golden ,dagon1 ,old and ,new1 ,after ,his ,kind 7novel74 ,palmer1 ,mrs4 ,henrietta ,lee1 #ahcd- ,md4 ,stratford ,gallery or ,shakespearean ,sisterhood1 ,home ,life in the ,bible4 ,parker1 ,william ,harwar1 #ahbg- naval officer ,va4 ,recollections of a ,naval ,officer 7#ahhc71 ,talks on ,astronomy1 ,naval ,writings4 ,parrish1 ,john1 #agbi-ahjg ,friend ,md4 ,remarks on the ,slavery of the ,black ,race4 ,paschall1 ,edwin1 #agii-ahfi ed41 edu4 ,va41 ,tenn4 ,old ,times1 or ,tennessee ,history4 ,pattie1 ,james ,ohio1 #ahjd- ,ky4 ,journal of an ,expedition from ,kentucky to the ,pacific and through ,mexico1 #ahbd-bh4 ,peck1 ,mrs4 ,sarah ,elizabeth ,ala4 ,dictionary of ,similes and ,figures1 ,stories4 ,peck1 ,samuel ,minturn1 #ahed- ,ala4 ,rings and ,love-,knots1 ,cap and ,bells 7poems74 ,peck1 ,william ,henry1 #ahcj- edu4 ,ga4 ,the ,mc,donalds1 ,maids and ,matrons of ,virginia1 ,conspirators of ,new ,orleans1 and many other novels4 ,pendleton1 ,edmund1 #agba-ahjc statesman ,va4 ,political and ,state ,papers4 ,pendleton1 ,james ,madison1 #ahaa-ahia787 ,bapt4 cl4 ,va41 ,pa41 ,ky4 ,old ,landmarks ,re-,set1 ,sermons1 c4 ,pendleton1 ,william ,nelson1 #ahji-ahhc edu4 ,va4 ,science a ,witness for the ,bible4 ,penick1 ,charles ,clifton1 #ahdc- ,p4 ,e4 bishop ,va4 ,more ,than a ,prophet4 ,penny1 ,virginia1 #ahbf- ,ky4 ,employments of ,women1 and other works4 ,percy1 ,george1 #aehf-afcb colonist and governor of ,va4 ,plantations of the ,southern ,colonies in ,virginia4 ,perry1 ,benjamin ,franklin1 #ahje-ahhf ,s4 ,c4 ,reminiscences of ,public ,men4 ,pettigrew1 ,james ,johnston1 #ahbh-ahfc soldier ,n4 ,c4 ,spain and the ,spaniards4 ,peyton1 ,john ,lewis1 #ahbd- ,va4 ,over the ,alleghanies1 ,memoir of ,william ,peyton1 ,history of ,augusta ,county1 ,virginia1 and other writings4 ,phelan1 ,james1 #ahef- ,miss41 ,tenn4 ,philip ,massinger1 ,history of ,tennessee4 ,piatt1 ,mrs4 ,sarah ,morgan ,bryan1 #ahcf- ,ky4 ,a ,woman's ,poems 7#ahga71 ,voyage to the ,fortunate ,isles 7#ahgd71 ,that ,new ,world and other ,poems 7#ahgf71 ,poems in ,company with ,children 7#ahgg71 ,dramatic ,persons and ,moods 7#ahgi71 ,irish ,garland 7#ahhd71 ,in ,primrose ,time 7#ahhe71 ,child's-,world ,ballads 7#ahhg71 two volumes of poems with her husband1 ,john ,james ,piatt 7#ahfd1 #ahhd74 ,pickett1 ,albert ,james1 #ahaj-aheh ,n4 ,c41 ,ala4 ,history of ,alabama4 ,pierce1 ,george ,foster1 #ahaa-ahhd ,m4 ,e4 bishop ,ga4 ,incidents of ,western ,travel4 99,pike1 ,albert1 #ahji-ahia ed41 soldier ,mass41 ,ark4 ,hymns to the ,gods1 ,freemasonry1 c4 ,pilsbury1 ,charles ,a41 #ahci- ,la4 ,pepita and ,i 7poems74 ,pinckney1 ,mrs4 ,eliza ,lucas1 #agba-agib ,s4 ,c4 ,letters4 ,pinckney1 ,charles1 #ageh-ahbd statesman ,s4 ,c4 ,political ,papers 7by ,republican74 ,pinckney1 ,henry ,laurens1 #agid-ahfc ed4 ,s4 ,c4 ,orations1 ,memoirs of ,maxcy1 ,hayne1 ,jackson1 c4 ,pinkney1 ,william1 #agfd-ahbb statesman ,md4 ,legal and ,political ,speeches4 99,pinkney1 ,edward ,coate 7or ,coote71 #ahjb-ahbh ,md4 ,poems4 ,pinkney1 ,ninian1 #aggf-ahbe soldier ,md4 ,travels in the ,south of ,france4 ,pinkney1 ,william1 #ahaj-ahhc ,p4 ,e4 bishop ,md4 ,life of ,wm4 ,pinkney 7his uncle71 ,memoir of ,john ,h4 ,alexander4 ,pise1 ,charles ,constantine1 #ahjb-ahff ,r4 ,c4 cl4 ,md4 ,history of the ,church1 ,lives of the ,saints1 ,poems1 ,father ,rowland1 ,indian ,cottage1 ,hor ,vagabund1 ,alethia1 ,ignatius and ,his ,first ,companions1 ,christianity and the ,church1 and other writings4 ,plumer1 ,william ,swan1 #ahjb-ahhj ,pr4 cl4 ,pa41 ,s4 ,c4 ,vital ,godliness1 ,sermons to ,children1 ,bible ,true1 and other religious works4 99,poe1 ,edgar ,allan1 #ahji-ahdi ,va41 ,md4 ,poems1 ,tales1 c4 ,poinsett1 ,joel ,roberts1 #aggi-ahea statesman ,s4 ,c4 ,notes on ,mexico 7,poinsettia named in his honor71 ,addresses1 ,letters1 c4 ,points1 ,marie ,l4 ,la4 ,stories of ,louisiana4 ,polk1 ,james ,knox1 #agie-ahdi eleventh ,president ,n4 ,c41 ,tenn4 ,state ,papers4 ,pollard1 ,edward ,albert1 #ahbh-ahgb jour4 ,va4 ,lost ,cause1 ,letters of the ,southern ,spy1 ,lee and ,his ,lieutenants1 ,black ,diamonds1 and other works4 ,pope1 ,john1 #ahbb- soldier ,ky4 ,expedition from the ,red ,river to the ,rio ,grande1 ,campaign of ,virginia in ,july and ,august1 #ahfb4 ,pope1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,e4 ,foote ,ala41 ,tenn4 ,poems4 ,porcher1 ,francis ,peyre1 #ahbe- phys4 ,s4 ,c4 ,medical ,botany of ,south ,carolina1 and other medical writings4 ,pory1 ,john1 #aegj-afce pioneer ,eng41 ,va4 ,excursion among the ,indians in ,captain ,smith's ,generall ,historie4 ,powell1 ,william ,byrd1 #agii-ahfg phys4 ,ky4 ,natural ,history of the ,human ,temperament1 ,study of the ,brain4 ,poydras1 ,julien1 #agdj-ahbd pioneer1 planter ,france1 ,la4 ,la ,prise du ,morne du ,bton ,rouge 7poem74 99,prentice1 ,george ,denison1 #ahjb-ahgj ed4 ,ky4 ,life of ,henry ,clay1 ,poems1 ,paragraphs4 ,prentiss1 ,sargent ,smith1 #ahjh-ahej orator ,me41 ,miss4 ,political ,speeches4 99,preston1 ,william ,campbell1 #agid-ahfj orator1 edu4 ,s4 ,c4 ,addresses1 ,letters1 c4 ,preston1 ,john ,smith1 #ahji-ahha orator1 soldier ,s4 ,c4 ,orations4 99,preston1 ,mrs4 ,margaret ,junkin1 #ahbe- ,va4 ,beechenbrook3 a ,rhyme of the ,war1 and other poems4 ,preston1 ,thomas ,lewis1 #ahab- ,va4 ,life of ,elizabeth ,russell4 ,price1 ,bruce1 #ahde- architect ,md4 7,designer of the ,lee ,memorial ,church at ,lexington1 ,va47 ,a ,large ,country ,house4 ,prince1 ,oliver ,hillhouse1 #aghg-ahcg statesman ,conn41 ,ga4 ,a ,military ,muster in ,georgia ,scenes1 and other humorous sketches1 ,laws of ,georgia4 ,prince1 ,oliver ,hillhouse1 ,jr41 #ahbc-ahge ,ga4 ,billy ,woodpile's ,letters4 ,pugh1 ,mrs4 ,eliza ,lofton ,phillips1 #ahda- 7,arria7 ,la4 ,not a ,hero1 ,in a ,crucible1 and many other novels4 ,putnam1 ,mrs4 ,sallie ,a4 ,brock1 #ahde- 7,virginia ,madison7 ,va4 ,richmond ,during the ,war1 ,kenneth ,my ,king1 ,southern ,amaranth4 ,pyrnelle1 ,mrs4 ,louise ,clarke ,ala41 ,ga4 ,diddie1 ,dumps1 and ,tot3 ,plantation ,child-,life4 ,ralston1 ,thomas ,neely1 #ahjf- edu41 ,m4 ,e4 cl4 ,ky4 ,evidences of ,christianity1 ,ecce ,unitas4 99,ramsay1 ,david1 #agdi-ahae surgeon ,pa41 ,s4 ,c4 ,history of ,south ,carolina1 c4 ,ramsey1 ,james ,gattys ,mc,gregor1 #agif-ahhd ,tenn4 ,annals of ,tennessee4 ,ranck1 ,g4 ,w4 ,ky4 ,history of ,lexington1 ,o',hara4 99,randall1 ,james ,ryder1 #ahci- ,md41 ,la4 ,my ,maryland1 and other poems4 ,randolph1 ,sir ,john1 #afic-agcg 7uncle of ,william ,stith7 ,va4 ,breviate ,book4 ,randolph1 ,edmund ,jennings1 #agec-ahac ,va4 ,political ,truth1 and other ,papers4 99,randolph1 ,john1 of ,roanoke1 #aggc-ahcc statesman ,va4 ,addresses1 c4 ,randolph1 ,thomas ,jefferson1 #agib-ahge ,va4 ,sixty ,years of the ,currency of the ,united ,states4 ,randolph1 ,sarah ,nicholas1 #ahci- edu4 ,va41 ,md4 ,domestic ,life of ,thomas ,jefferson 7her great-grandfather71 and other writings4 ,randolph1 ,innis ,va4 ,back-,log1 ,good ,old ,rebel1 and other humorous poems4 ,ravenscroft1 ,john ,stark1 #aggb-ahbj first ,p4 ,e4 bishop of ,n4 ,c4 ,sermons1 and other writings4 ,reese1 ,thomas1 #agdb-agid ,pr4 cl41 edu4 ,s4 ,c4 ,influence of ,religion on ,civil ,society4 ,reese1 ,lizette ,woodworth1 #ahf-- ,md4 ,a ,branch of ,may 7poems74 ,reeves1 ,marian ,calhoun ,legar1 ca4 #ahed- 7,fadette7 ,s4 ,c4 ,ingemisco1 ,randolph ,honor1 ,sea-,drift1 ,maid of ,acadie1 and other stories4 ,reichel1 ,levin ,theodore1 #ahab-ahgh ,moravian bishop ,moravians in ,north ,carolina 7#aheg74 99,reid1 ,christian ,n4 ,c4 ,land of the ,sky1 and other novels1 ,land of the ,sun 7#ahie74 ,reid1 ,sam ,chester1 #ahah- lawyer ,n4 ,y41 ,miss4 ,mc,culloch's ,texas ,rangers1 ,raid of ,john ,h4 ,morgan4 ,relf1 ,samuel1 #aggf-ahbc jour4 ,va4 ,infidelity1 or the ,victims of ,sentiment4 ,rmy1 ,henri ,la4 ,histoire de la ,louisiane4 ,ren1 ,itti ,kinney1 #ahfb- ,tenn4 ,miss ,breckenridge1 ,an ,exceptional ,case4 ,requier1 ,augustus ,julian1 #ahbe-ahhg ed4 ,s4 ,c41 ,ala4 ,legend of ,tremaine1 ,christalline1 ,old ,sanctuary1 ,spanish ,exile1 ,marco ,bozzaris1 ,ode to ,victory1 ,ashes of ,glory 7reply to ,ryan's ,conquered ,banner74 ,ribaut1 ,jean1 #aebj-aefe discoverer ,france1 ,florida4 ,the ,whole and ,true ,discovery of ,florida4 ,rice1 ,david1 #agcc-ahaf ,pr4 cl4 ,va41 ,ky4 ,to ,presbyterians of ,kentucky1 ,divine ,decrees1 ,baptism1 c4 ,rice1 ,nathan ,lewis1 #ahjd-ahgg ,pr4 cl4 ,ky4 ,our ,country and the ,church1 c4 ,rich1 ,r4 ,eng41 ,va4 ,newes from ,virginia1 #afaj4 ,riddell1 ,john ,leonard1 #ahjg-ahfg phys4 ,la4 ,flora of the ,western ,states1 7,riddellia named in his honor74 ,rivers1 ,richard ,henderson1 #ahad- edu4 ,tenn41 ,ala41 ,ky4 ,life of ,bishop ,paine1 ,mental and ,moral ,philosophy4 ,rivers1 ,william ,james1 #ahbb- edu4 ,s4 ,c4 ,history of ,south ,carolina1 ,poems4 ,rives1 ,william ,cabell1 #agic-ahfh ,va4 ,life of ,james ,madison1 ,life of ,john ,hampden1 ,ethics of ,christianity4 ,rives1 ,mrs4 ,judith ,page ,walker1 #ahjb-ahhb ,va4 ,souvenirs of a ,residence in ,europe1 ,home and the ,world4 99,rives1 ,amlie 7see ,mrs4 ,chanler74 ,robertson1 ,john1 #aghg-ahgc jurist ,va4 ,riego1 or the ,spanish ,martyr1 ,opuscula 7poems74 ,robertson1 ,thomas ,bolling1 #aggc-ahbh ,va41 ,la4 ,events in ,paris 7#ahaf74 ,robertson1 ,wyndham1 #ahjc-ahhh governor of ,va4 ,pocahontas1 alias ,matoaka1 and her ,descendants4 ,robinson1 ,fayette1--d4 #ahei ,va41 ,n4 ,y4 ,mexico and ,her ,military ,chieftains1 ,california and the ,gold ,regions1 ,wizard of the ,wave1 and other works4 ,robinson1 ,mrs4 ,martha ,harrison ,va4 ,helen ,erskine 7novel74 ,rogers1 ,james ,webb1 #ahbb- lawyer ,n4 ,c4 ,arlington1 ,lafitte1 ,madame ,surratt 7tragedy71 ,poems4 ,rolfe1 ,john1 d4 #afbb colonist1 husband of ,pocahontas ,va4 ,letter to ,sir ,thomas ,dale4 ,roman1 ,alfred ,la4 ,military ,operations of ,general ,beauregard4 ,rosenthal1 ,lewis1 #ahef- jour4 ,md4 ,america and ,france4 ,rouen1 ,b4 ,la4 ,cent ,huit ,ans1 ,rayon de ,soleil4 ,rouquette1 ,franois ,dominique1 #ahaj- ,la4 ,les ,meschacbennes1 ,fleurs d',amrique4 ,rouquette1 ,adrien ,emanuel1 #ahac-ahhg ,la4 ,la nouvelle ,atala1 ,l',antoniade1 ,les ,savanes1 and other poems4 ,rowland1 ,kate ,mason ,va4 ,life of ,george ,mason of ,gunston1 ,charles ,carroll of ,carrollton4 ,rozier1 ,firman ,a4 ,mo4 ,history of the ,early ,settlement of the ,mississippi ,valley4 ,ruffner1 ,henry1 #aghi-ahfa edu4 ,va4 ,judith ,ben-saddi1 ,fathers of the ,desert1 ,future ,punishment4 ,rumple1 ,jethro1 #ahbg- ,pr4 cl4 ,n4 ,c4 ,history of ,davidson ,college1 of ,rowan ,county1 of the ,presbyterians in ,north ,carolina4 ,russell1 ,irwin1 #ahec-ahgi ,miss4 ,dialect ,poems 7#ahhh74 ,rutherford1 ,mildred ,ga4 ,english ,authors1 ,american ,authors 7#ahid74 ,rutledge1 ,john1 #agci-ahjj statesman1 and governor of ,s4 ,c4 ,speeches4 99,ryan1 ,abram ,joseph1 #ahci-ahhf ,va41 ,ala4 ,conquered ,banner1 and other poems4 ,safford1 ,william ,harrison1 #ahba- lawyer ,w4 ,va4 ,life of ,blennerhassett4 ,sanders1 ,john1 #ahaj-aheh civil engineer ,ky4 ,resources of the ,valley of the ,ohio4 ,sands1 ,alexander ,hamilton1 #ahbh-ahhg lawyer1 ,bapt4 cl4 ,va4 ,recreations of a ,southern ,barrister1 ,sermons by a ,village ,pastor1 c4 ,sandys1 ,george1 #aegg-afdd colonist ,va4 ,translation of ,ovid 7the first literary production of ,america71 ,a ,journey in the ,east1 ,poems4 ,sawyer1 ,lemuel1 #aggg-aheb ,n4 ,c4 ,life of ,john ,randolph of ,roanoke1 ,autobiography1 ,dramas4 ,scanland1 ,mrs4 ,agnes ,leonard1 #ahdb- ,ky4 ,myrtle ,blossoms1 ,heights and ,depths1 ,vanquished4 ,scharf1 ,john ,thomas1 #ahdc- ,md4 ,history of ,maryland1 of ,baltimore1 of ,st4 ,louis1 of ,philadelphia1 of ,delaware1 ,history of the ,confederate ,states4 ,schoolcraft1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,howard ,s4 ,c41 ,n4 ,y4 ,black ,gauntlet1 a ,tale of ,plantation ,life in ,south ,carolina4 ,scott1 ,charles1 #ahaa-ahfa lawyer ,tenn41 ,miss4 ,analogy of ,ancient ,free-,craft ,masonry to ,natural and ,revealed ,religion4 ,scott1 ,walter1 #agif-ahfa 7akin to ,sir ,walter ,scott7 ,scot41 ,ky4 ,gospel ,restored1 ,messiahship4 ,screven1 ,william1 #afbi-agac ,bapt4 cl4 ,eng41 ,s4 ,c4 ,ornament for ,church ,members4 ,searing1 ,mrs4 ,laura ,catherine ,redden1 #ahdj- 7deaf and dumb7 ,md4 7,howard ,glyndon71 ,notable ,men of the ,thirty-,seventh ,congress1 ,idyls of ,battle and ,poems of the ,rebellion1 ,sounds from ,secret ,chambers4 ,seaton1 ,william ,winston1 #aghe-ahff jour4 ,va41 ,n4 ,c4 ,annals of ,congress #agih-ahbd 7#db vols471 ,debates of ,congress #ahbd-ahcg4 ,seawell1 ,molly ,elliott ,va4 ,throckmorton1 ,maid ,marian1 ,hale-,weston1 ,young ,heroes of the ,navy1 ,paul ,jones1 ,decatur and ,somers1 c4 ,seemller1 ,mrs4 ,anne ,moncure ,crane1 #ahch-ahga ,md4 ,emily ,chester1 ,opportunity1 c4 ,sjour1 ,victor1 #ahji- ,la4 ,le ,retour de ,napolon1 and other dramas4 ,semmes1 ,raphael1 #ahji-ahgg naval officer ,md41 ,ala4 ,service ,afloat and ,ashore during the ,mexican ,war1 ,cruise of the ,alabama4 ,semmes1 ,alexander ,jenkins1 #ahbh- phys4 ,d4 ,c41 ,la41 ,ga4 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,gottlieb1 #agef-ahch ,lutheran cl4 ,pa41 ,n4 ,c4 ,rise and ,progress of the ,christian ,church1 by ,dr4 ,martin ,luther4 ,shreve1 ,thomas ,h41 #ahjh-ahec jour4 ,va41 ,ky4 ,drayton1 an ,american ,tale1 ,poems4 ,shuck1 ,john ,lewis1 #ahab-ahfc ,bapt4 missionary ,va41 ,s4 ,c4 ,portfolio ,chinensis4 ,shuck1 ,mrs4 ,henrietta ,hall1 #ahag-ahdd ,va4 ,scenes in ,china4 ,simmons1 ,william ,hayne1 #aghe- ,s4 ,c4 ,onea 7poem71 ,history of the ,seminoles4 ,simmons1 ,james ,wright ,s4 ,c4 ,blue ,beard1 ,greek ,girl1 and other ,poems4 99,simms1 ,william ,gilmore1 #ahjg-ahgj ,s4 ,c4 ,yemassee1 ,partisan1 c4 ,sims1 ,alexander ,dromgoole1 #ahjc-ahdh ,va41 ,s4 ,c4 ,slavery1 ,bevil ,faulcon 7novel74 ,sims1 ,james ,marion1 #ahac-ahhc surgeon ,s4 ,c41 ,n4 ,y4 ,story of ,my ,life1 ,medical ,works4 ,sinclair1 ,carrie ,bell1 #ahci- ,ga4 ,heart ,whispers 7poems74 ,skinner1 ,thomas ,e4 ,bapt4 cl4 ,n4 ,c4 ,reminiscences1 ,sermons and ,addresses 7#ahid74 ,slaughter1 ,philip1 #ahjh- ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,va4 ,life of ,randolph ,fairfax1 ,life of ,joshua ,fry1 ,colonial ,church of ,virginia1 and other works4 ,smart1 ,mrs4 ,helen ,hamilton ,gardener1 #ahec- ,va4 ,men1 ,women1 and ,gods1 ,an ,unofficial ,patriot1 ,sex in ,brain1 ,is ,this ,your ,son1 ,my ,lord81 ,a ,thoughtless ,yes1 c4 ,smedes1 ,mrs4 ,susan ,dabney1 #ahdj- ,miss4 ,a ,southern ,planter4 ,smith1 ,ashbel1 #ahjf- phys41 lawyer ,conn41 ,tex4 ,state and ,scientific ,papers4 ,smith1 ,buckingham1 #ahaj-ahga consul in ,spain ,ga4 ,de ,soto's ,conquest of ,florida1 ,spanish ,discoveries and ,settlements1 ,essays on ,florida ,history and ,spanish ,historical ,writings4 99,smith1 ,charles ,henry1 #ahbf- 7,bill ,arp7 ,ga4 ,bill ,arp's ,scrap-,book1 c41 ,school ,history of ,georgia4 ,smith1 ,eugene ,allen1 #ahda- geologist ,ala4 ,geology of ,alabama4 ,smith1 ,francis ,henney1 #ahab- edu4 ,va4 ,college ,reforms1 ,scientific ,education in ,europe1 ,text-books on ,arithmetic and ,algebra 7with ,r4 ,m4 ,t4 ,duke74 ,smith1 ,francis ,hopkinson1 #ahch- c4 e41 artist ,md4 ,colonel ,carter of ,cartersville1 and other stories4 ,smith1 ,james1 #agcg-ahab pioneer ,pa41 ,ky4 ,life and ,travels of ,james ,smith1 ,shakerism ,developed4 99,smith1 ,john1 #aegi-afca soldier1 traveller ,eng41 ,va4 ,generall ,historie1 c4 ,smith1 ,john ,lawrence1 #ahah-ahhc scientist ,s4 ,c41 ,ky4 ,mineralogy1 ,chemistry4 ,smith1 ,nathan ,ryno1 #agig-ahgg phys4 7,viator7 ,ky41 ,md4 ,legends of the ,south1 ,medical ,works4 ,smith1 ,william ,andrew1 #ahjb-ahgj ,m4 ,e4 cl4 ,va4 ,philosophy of ,slavery4 ,smith1 ,william ,loughton1 #ageh-ahab diplomate ,s4 ,c4 ,constitution of the ,united ,states1 ,speeches1 ,essays1 c4 ,smith1 ,william ,russell1 #ahac- ,ala4 ,the ,alabama ,justice1 ,uses of ,solitude1 ,as ,it ,is 7novel71 ,bridal ,eve 7poem71 ,college ,musings4 ,smith1 ,william ,waugh1 #ahde- edu4 ,va4 ,outlines of ,psychology1 ,chart of ,comparative ,syntax of ,greek1 ,latin1 ,french1 ,german1 and ,english4 ,smith1 ,zachariah ,frederick1 #ahbg- ,ky4 ,history of ,kentucky4 ,smyth1 ,john ,ferdinand1 #ag-- ,eng41 ,va4 ,tour in the ,united ,states of ,america 7#aghd74 ,smyth1 ,thomas1 #ahjh-ahgc ,ireland1 ,s4 ,c4 ,unity of the ,human ,race1 ,calvin1 ,presbyterian ,doctrine4 ,somerville1 ,william ,clarke1 #agij-ahbf ,md4 ,letters from ,paris on the ,french ,revolution1 ,on ,choosing the ,president4 ,southworth1 ,miss ,emma ,dorothy ,eliza ,nevitte1 #ahai- ,d4 ,c4 ,retribution1 ,fatal ,secret1 ,unknown1 ,gloria1 ,trail of the ,serpent1 ,nearest and ,dearest1 ,the ,mother's ,secret1 ,an ,exile's ,bride1 and many other novels4 ,spalding1 ,martin ,john1 #ahaj-ahgb ,r4 ,c4 archbishop ,ky41 ,md4 ,early ,catholic ,missions in ,kentucky1 ,miscellaneous1 ,theological ,writings4 ,spalding1 ,john ,lancaster1 #ahdj- ,r4 ,c4 bishop ,ky4 ,life of ,archbishop ,spalding1 ,essays1 and other writings4 ,sparks1 ,william ,henry1 #ahjj-ahhb lawyer ,ga4 ,memories of ,fifty ,years1 ,dying ,year1 ,old ,church ,bell1 and other poems4 ,sparrow1 ,william1 #ahja-ahgd edu41 ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,mass41 ,va4 ,life and ,correspondence4 ,specht1 ,mrs4 ,mo4 ,alfrieda 7novel74 ,speece1 ,conrad1 #aggf-ahcf ,pr4 and ,bapt4 cl4 ,va4 ,the ,mountaineer 7essays71 ,hymns4 ,spelman ,henry1 #afjj-afbb interpreter ,eng41 ,va4 7,killed by ,indians71 ,relation of ,virginia4 ,spencer1 ,mrs4 ,cornelia ,phillips ,n4 ,c4 ,history of ,north ,carolina1 ,last ,ninety ,days of the ,war in ,north ,carolina4 ,spencer1 ,edward1 #ahcd- dramatic ed4 ,md4 ,kit 7drama74 ,spencer1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,l4 ,nuez ,fla4 ,salt ,lake ,fruit4 ,spotswood1 ,alexander1 #afgf-agdj governor of ,va4 ,official ,letters of ,alexander ,spotswood from #agaj to #agbb1 ,speeches1 7in ,virginia ,historical ,register74 ,stanton1 ,frank ,lebby1 #aheh- ,ga4 ,poem on the ,death of ,henry ,w4 ,grady1 ,songs of a ,day1 ,dialect ,poems4 ,stanton1 ,henry ,thompson1 #ahcd- ed4 ,va41 ,ky4 ,moneyless ,man1 ,jacob ,brown1 and other poems4 ,st4 ,cran1 ,tullius ,la4 ,rien ou ,moi1 #ahad et #ahae4 ,steiner1 ,lewis ,henry1 #ahbg- phys4 ,md4 ,diary of a ,rebel1 ,occupation of ,frederick1 ,md41 ,cantate ,domino4 99,stephens1 ,alexander ,hamilton1 #ahab-ahhc statesman1 governor of ,ga4 ,war between the ,states1 ,history of the ,united ,states1 and other works4 ,stephens1 ,william1 #afga-agec president of the colony of ,ga4 ,journal of the ,proceedings in ,georgia from #agcg to #agda1 ,state of the ,province4 ,stephens1 ,thomas 7son of the preceding7 ,castle-,builder1 or ,history of ,william ,stephens of the ,isle of ,wight4 ,stibbes1 ,mrs4 ,agnes ,jean ,ga4 ,earls of ,sunderland1 ,stories1 c4 ,stiles1 ,william ,henry1 #ahjh-ahfe lawyer ,ga4 ,history of ,austria4 ,stith1 ,william1 #afhi-agee edu4 ,va4 ,history of ,virginia4 ,stovall1 ,pleasant ,a4 ,ga4 ,life of ,robert ,toombs4 99,strachey1 ,william from #afji to #afab secretary of the colony of ,va4 ,true ,repertory1 c4 ,strange1 ,robert1 #agif-ahed ,va41 ,n4 ,c4 ,eoneguski1 or ,the ,cherokee ,chief4 ,strobel1 ,philip ,s4 ,c41 ,ga4 ,history of the ,salzburg ,colony at ,ebenezer1 ,georgia4 ,strother1 ,david ,hunter1 #ahaf-ahhh 7,porte ,crayon7 ,w4 ,va4 ,virginia ,illustrated1 ,blackwater ,chronicle4 ,stuart1 ,mrs4 ,ruth ,mc,enery ,la4 ,golden ,wedding1 ,christmas ,gifts1 ,carlotta's ,intended1 ,camelia1 ,ricardo1 and others4 ,stuart1 ,alexander ,hugh ,holmes1 #ahjg- statesman ,va4 ,narrative of ,virginia in #ahfi4 ,summers1 ,thomas ,osmond1 #ahab- ,m4 ,e4 cl4 ,eng41 ,va41 ,tenn4 ,commentary on the ,gospels and ,acts1 ,talks ,pleasant and ,profitable1 ,golden ,censer4 ,swain1 ,david ,lowry1 #ahja-ahfh edu41 statesman1 governor of ,n4 ,c4 ,british ,invasion of ,north ,carolina1 ,revolutionary ,history of ,north ,carolina4 ,swain1 ,margie ,p4 ,ala4 ,lochlin 7published #ahfd1 ,selma1 ,ala47 ,switzler1 ,william ,f4 ed4 ,mo4 ,illustrated ,history of ,missouri4 ,tabb1 ,john ,b4 ,md4 ,poems4 ,tailfer1 ,patrick colonist in #ahth ,century ,ga41 ,s4 ,c4 ,colony of ,georgia in ,america1 #agda4 ,talley1 ,susan ,archer 7see ,mrs4 ,von ,weiss7 ,taney1 ,roger ,brooke1 #aggg-ahfd jurist ,md4 ,autobiography1 ,supreme ,court ,decisions1 7one of them being in the ,dred ,scott ,case74 ,tardy1 ,mrs4 ,mary 7,ida ,raymond7 ,ala4 ,southland ,writers1 ,living ,female ,writers of the ,south4 ,taylor1 ,alexander ,smith1 #ahag-ahgf ,s4 ,c41 ,cal4 ,first ,voyage to ,california1 ,grasshoppers and ,locusts of the ,united ,states4 ,taylor1 ,george ,boardman1 #ahcb- ,bapt4 cl4 ,va41 ,italy4 ,oakland ,stories1 ,walter ,ennis1 ,letters1 c4 ,taylor1 ,james ,barnett1 #ahai-ahga ,bapt4 cl4 ,eng41 ,va4 ,life of ,lot ,cary1 ,lives of ,virginia ,baptist ,ministers1 ,memoir of ,luther ,rice1 c4 ,taylor1 ,john1 #agej-ahbd1 7,arator7 ,va4 ,new ,view of the ,constitution1 ,construction ,construed1 ,tyranny ,unmasked1 ,agricultural ,essays4 ,taylor1 ,richard1 #ahbf-ahgi 7son of ,zachary ,taylor7 ,la4 ,destruction and ,reconstruction4 ,taylor1 ,william ,herron1 #ahch- ,va4 ,four ,years with ,general ,lee4 ,taylor1 ,zachary1 #aghd-ahej twelfth ,president ,va4 ,messages4 99,terhune1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,virginia ,hawes ,va41 ,n4 ,y4 7,marion ,harland71 ,alone1 ,hidden ,path1 ,mary the ,mother of ,washington1 c4 ,testut1 ,charles ,la4 ,les ,echos 7poems71 ,le ,vieux ,salomon1 ,les ,filles de ,monte ,cristo 7novels74 ,tevis1 ,mrs4 ,julia edu4 ,ky4 ,autobiography4 ,tharin1 ,robert ,seymour ,symmes1 #ahcj- lawyer ,s4 ,c4 ,arbitrary ,arrests in the ,south1 ,political ,situation 7#ahga74 ,thierry1 ,camille ,la4 ,les ,vagabondes1 and other poems4 ,thom1 ,william ,taylor1 #ahdi- ,va4 ,shakespeare and ,chaucer ,examinations 7#ahhg71 ,course of ,shakespeare ,historical ,reading4 ,thomas1 ,ebenezer ,smith1 #aghj-ahdd edu4 ,mass41 ,s4 ,c4 ,reminiscences of the last ,sixty-five years1 ,reminiscences of ,south ,carolina4 ,thomas1 ,frederick ,william1 #ahaa-ahff ed4 ,s4 ,c41 ,md41 ,ala4 ',tis ,said that ,absence ,conquers ,love1 and other lyrics1 ,emigrant1 ,east and ,west1 c4 ,thomas1 ,lewis ,foulke1 #ahae-ahfh ,md41 ,ky41 ,mo4 ,inda and other ,poems1 ,osceola1 ,cortez1 7dramas74 ,thomas1 ,martha ,mc,cannon1 #ahbc- ,md4 ,life's ,lessons1 ,captain ,phil 7story of the ,civil ,war74 ,thomas1 ,mary ,von ,erden1 #ahbe- ,s4 ,c4 ,winning the ,battle4 ,thompson1 ,john1 #aggg-agii 7,casca1 ,gracchus7 ,letters of ,curtius4 99,thompson1 ,john ,reuben1 #ahbc-ahgc ed4 ,va4 ,poems1 ,editorials1 c4 ,thompson1 ,maurice1 #ahdd- c4 e41 lawyer ,ga41 ,la41 ,ind4 ,tallahassee ,girl1 ,creole ,literature1 ,story of ,louisiana1 ,by-,ways and ,bird-,notes1 ,songs of ,fair ,weather1 ,at ,love's ,extremes1 ,a ,banker of ,bankersville1 ,sylvan ,secrets1 ,poems1 ,essays1 c4 ,thompson1 ,waddy1 #agih-ahfh ,s4 ,c41 ,fla4 ,recollections of ,mexico 7#ahdf74 99,thompson1 ,william ,tappan1 #ahab-ahhb ed4 ,o41 ,ga4 ,major ,jones's ,courtship1 c4 ,thomson1 ,samuel ,harrison1 #ahac-ahhb ,ky4 ,mosaic ,account of ,creation1 ,geology an ,interpretation of ,scripture4 ,thornton1 ,thomas ,c41 #agid-ahfj ,va41 ,miss4 ,history of ,slavery in the ,united ,states4 ,thornwell1 ,james ,henley1 #ahab-ahfb ,pr4 cl41 edu4 ,s4 ,c4 ,discourses on the ,truth1 ,rights and ,duties of ,masters1 ,state of the ,church4 ,tice1 ,j4 ,h4 ,mo4 ,over the ,plains and on the ,mountains4 ,ticknor1 ,francis ,orrery1 #ahbb-ahgd phys4 ,ga4 ,virginians of the ,valley1 and other poems 7edited by ,paul ,h4 ,hayne1 #ahgi74 ,tiffany1 ,osmond1 #ahbc- ,md4 ,brandon3 ,a ,tale of the ,american ,colonies1 ,life of ,gen4 ,otho ,h4 ,williams4 ,timrod1 ,william ,henry1 #agib-ahch ,s4 ,c4 ,lyrics4 99,timrod1 ,henry1 #ahbi-ahfg edu41 ed4 ,s4 ,c4 ,poems4 ,t4 ,m4 ,va4 ,account of ,bacon's ,rebellion1 7dated #agje1 thirty years after1 found in manuscript74 99,toombs1 ,robert1 #ahaj-ahhe statesman ,ga4 ,speeches4 ,toulmin1 ,henry1 #agfg-ahbc ,eng41 ,ky41 ,ala4 ,description of ,kentucky in #agib1 ,laws of ,alabama 7#ahbc71 and other legal works4 ,townsend1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,ashley ,van ,voorhis1 #ahcf- 7,xariffa7 ,la4 ,down the ,bayou and other ,poems1 ,captain's ,story1 and other works4 ,toy1 ,crawford ,howell1 #ahcf- edu41 linguist ,va41 ,ky41 ,mass4 ,history of the ,religion of ,israel1 ,quotations in the ,new ,testament4 ,trescot1 ,william ,henry1 #ahbb- diplomate ,s4 ,c4 ,foreign ,policy of the ,united ,states1 ,diplomacy of the ,revolution1 ,diplomatic ,history of the ,administrations of ,washington and ,adams4 ,trent1 ,william ,p4 edu4 ,tenn4 ,life of ,william ,gilmore ,simms4 ,trott1 ,nicholas1 #affc-agdj ,eng41 ,s4 ,c4 ,laws of ,south ,carolina1 ,clavis ,lingu ,sanct1 ,laws of ,church and ,clergy in ,america4 99,tucker1 ,george1 #agge-ahfa edu4 ,va4 ,life of ,thomas ,jefferson1 c4 ,tucker1 ,henry ,holcombe1 #ahai- ,bapt4 cl41 ed4 ,ga4 ,gospel in ,enoch1 ,old ,theology ,restated1 and other writings4 ,tucker1 ,john ,randolph1 #ahbc- edu41 statesman ,va4 ,speeches4 ,tucker1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,eliza ,perrine1 #ahch- ,ala41 ,ga4 7now ,mrs4 ,lambert1 of ,philadelphia71 ,poems1 ,loew's ,bridge1 c4 99,tucker1 ,nathaniel ,beverley1 #aghd-ahea lawyer1 edu4 ,va4 ,partisan ,leader1 c4 99,tucker1 ,st4 ,george1 #ageb-ahbh jurist1 edu4 ,va4 ,poems1 ,legal writings1 c4 99,tucker1 ,st4 ,george ,h41 #ahbh-ahfc soldier ,va4 ,hansford1 a ,tale of ,bacon's ,rebellion4 ,tupper1 ,henry ,allen1 #ahbh- ,bapt4 cl4 ,s4 ,c41 ,ga41 ,va4 ,a ,decade of ,foreign ,missions1 ,first ,century of the ,first ,baptist ,church of ,charleston1 ,truth in ,romance 7novel74 ,turner1 ,william ,mason1 #ahce- phys4 ,va41 ,pa4 ,under ,bail1 ,ruby ,ring1 and other novels4 ,turner1 ,william ,wilberforce1 #ahcj- ,ga4 ,jack ,hopeton4 ,upshur1 ,mary ,jane ,stith1 #ahbh- 7,fanny ,fielding7 ,va4 7now ,mrs4 ,sturges of ,new ,york71 ,confederate ,notes 7novel71 ,poems4 ,vance1 ,robert ,b4 ,n4 ,c4 ,heart-,throbs from the ,mountains4 ,vance1 ,mrs4 ,sally ,ada ,reedy ,miss41 ,ky4 ,charity1 ,the ,sisters1 and other poems4 99,vance1 ,zebulon ,baird1 #ahcj-ahid statesman1 governor of ,n4 ,c4 ,last ,days of the ,war in ,north ,carolina1 ,addresses1 c4 ,vasconcellos1 ,andres de1 fifteenth century ,portuguese navigator ,history of ,florida1 7in ,spanish74 ,villeneufve1 ,le ,blanc de ,la4 ,poucha ,houmma 7drama74 ,von ,weiss1 ,mrs4 ,susan ,archer ,talley ,va4 ,poems4 ,waddell1 ,alfred ,moore1 #ahcd- ,n4 ,c4 ,colonial ,officer and ,his ,times 7in manuscript74 ,waddell1 ,moses1 #aggj-ahdj edu4 ,n4 ,c41 ,s4 ,c41 ,ga4 7,president of the ,university of ,georgia71 ,memoir of ,miss ,c4 ,e4 ,smelt4 ,wakelee1 ,kate ,c4 ,conn41 ,ga4 ,forest ,city ,bride1 ,india ,morgan4 ,walker1 ,alexander1 #ahai- ,va41 ,la4 ,jackson and ,new ,orleans1 ,life of ,andrew ,jackson1 ,history of the ,battle of ,shiloh1 ,butler at ,new ,orleans4 ,walker1 ,cornelius1 #ahai- ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,va4 ,life of ,william ,duval1 ,william ,sparrow1 ,dr4 ,andrews1 articles on ,theology1 c4 ,walker1 ,norman ,mc,f4 ,la4 ,geographical ,nomenclature of ,louisiana4 ,wallis1 ,severn ,teackle1 #ahaf- ,md4 ,prayer for ,peace1 ,guerrilla ,warfare1 ,life of ,george ,peabody4 ,walsh1 ,robert1 #aghd-ahei diplomate ,md4 ,american ,revolution1 ,future ,state of ,europe4 ,walworth1 ,mrs4 ,jeannette ,ritchie ,hademann1 #ahcg- ,miss41 ,la4 ,southern ,silhouettes1 ,stories of a ,southern ,county1 ,a ,little ,radical1 ,a ,splendid ,egotist1 ,that ,girl from ,texas1 c4 ,ward1 ,matt ,flournoy1 #ahbf-ahfb ,ky4 ,letters from ,three ,continents1 ,english ,items4 ,warfield1 ,mrs4 ,catherine ,anne ,ware1 #ahaf-ahgg ,miss41 ,ky4 ,household of ,bouverie1 ,romance of ,beauseincourt1 ,poems1 and other novels4 ,warren1 ,e4 ,w4 ,ga4 ,nellie ,norton 7novel74 99,washington1 ,george1 #agcb-agii first ,president ,va4 ,state ,papers1 ,letters1 c4 ,watson1 ,asa ,rogers1 #ahcg- ,va41 ,ga4 ,minstrel of ,elsinore1 ,kin4 ,watterson1 ,henry1 #ahdj- ed4 ,ky4 ,oddities of ,southern ,life and ,character1 ,editorials1 ,addresses1 c4 ,webb1 ,mrs4 ,laura ,s4 7,stannie ,lee7 ,ala4 ,heart-,leaves 7poems74 ,webber1 ,charles ,wilkins1 #ahai-ahef ,ky4 ,old ,hicks the ,guide1 ,texas ,virago1 ,tales of the ,southern ,border1 ,shot in the ,eye4 ,weber1 ,john ,langdon ,s4 ,c4 ,history of ,south ,carolina4 99,weems1 ,mason ,locke1 #agfj-ahbe ,va4 ,life of ,washington1 c4 ,welby1 ,mrs4 ,amelia ,b4 ,coppuck ,md41 ,ky4 ,poems by ,amelia 7#ahdd1 #ahej74 ,westmoreland1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,elizabeth ,jourdan ,ga4 ,poems1 ,soldier's ,wife1 ,soldier's ,trials 7dramas1 played in ,atlanta during the war74 ,wharton1 ,e4 ,c4 ,la4 ,life of ,gayarr1 ,war of the ,bachelors1 ,toodles1 ,young ,couple 7comedy74 ,wharton1 ,morton ,bryan1 #ahci- ,bapt4 cl4 ,va4 ,what ,i ,saw in the ,old ,world1 ,famous ,women of the ,old ,testament1 ,famous ,women of the ,new ,testament4 ,wheeler1 ,john ,hill1 #ahjf-ahhb ,n4 ,c4 ,history of ,north ,carolina1 ,reminiscences of ,north ,carolina4 ,whitaker1 ,alexander1 #aehe-afac ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,eng41 ,va4 7,baptized and married ,pocahontas71 ,good ,newes from ,virginia 7#afac74 ,whitaker1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,scrimzeour ,furman ,miller1 #ahbj- ,s4 ,c4 ,albert ,hastings 7novel71 ,poems4 ,white1 ,henry ,alexander ,pr4 cl4 ,va4 ,origin of the ,pentateuch in the ,light of the ,ancient ,monuments 7#ahid74 ,white1 ,henry ,clay1 #ahej- ,md4 ,complete ,chemistry of the ,cotton ,plant1 c4 ,white1 ,john ,blake1 #agha-ahei artist ,s4 ,c4 ,foscari1 ,mysteries of the ,castle1 ,triumph of ,liberty or ,louisiana ,preserved4 ,whittlesey1 ,sarah ,johnson ,cogswell1 #ahbe- ,n4 ,c4 ,heart-,drops from ,memory's ,urn 7poems71 ,the ,stranger's ,stratagem1 ,summer ,blossoms1 c4 99,wilde1 ,richard ,henry1 #aghi-ahdg ,ga41 ,la4 ,my ,life is ,like the ,summer ,rose1 c4 ,wiley1 ,calvin ,henderson1 #ahai-ahhg ,n4 ,c41 ,s4 ,c4 ,roanoke1 or ,where is ,utopia81 ,alamance1 ,early ,life at the ,south4 ,wilkinson1 ,andrew ,la4 ,sketches of ,plantation ,life4 ,wilkinson1 ,james1 #ageg-ahbe ,md41 ,mex4 ,memoirs of ,my ,times4 ,wilkinson1 ,john1 #ahba- naval officer ,va4 ,narrative of a ,blockade-,runner4 ,willey1 ,waitman ,thomas1 #ahaa- statesman ,w4 ,va4 ,lectures1 ,speeches1 c4 ,williams1 ,mrs4 ,bessie ,w4 ,johnson ,s4 ,c41 ,ga4 ,in ,memory of ,captain ,herndon 7poem71 ,ciaromski and ,his ,daughter4 ,williams1 ,espy ,w4 ,h4 ,la4 ,parrhasius1 ,witchcraft1 and other poems and dramas4 ,williams1 ,john ,wilson ,montgomery1 #ahbj- ,bapt4 cl4 ,va41 ,md4 ,reminiscences of a ,pastorate of ,thirty-three ,years1 ,pastor and ,people4 ,williams1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,bushnell1 #ahbf- ,la4 ,serfs of ,chteney1 ,tales and ,legends of ,louisiana4 ,wilmer1 ,richard ,hooker1 #ahaf- ,p4 ,e4 bishop ,ala4 ,recent ,past1 from a ,southern ,standpoint 7#ahhg71 ,reminiscences of a ,grandfather4 99,wilson1 ,mrs4 ,augusta ,jane ,evans1 #ahce- ,ala4 ,st4 ,elmo1 and other novels4 ,wilson1 ,john ,leighton1 #ahji-ahhf missionary ,s4 ,c4 ,western ,africa1 c4 ,wilson1 ,john ,lyde1 #aghd-ahdi ,s4 ,c4 ,code of ,honor1 ,cupid and ,psyche4 99,wilson1 ,robert ,burns1 #ahej- artist ,pa41 ,ky4 ,life and ,love 7poems74 ,wilson1 ,samuel ,farmer1 #ahje-ahgj ,conn41 ,la4 ,history of the ,american ,revolution4 ,wilson1 ,woodrow1 #ahef- edu4 ,va41 ,n4 ,j4 ,an ,old ,master and other political ,essays1 ,disunion and ,reunion1 ,national ,revenues1 ,congressional ,government1 c4 ,winchester1 ,boyd ,ky4 ,the ,swiss ,republic4 99,wirt1 ,william1 #aggb-ahcd jurist ,md41 ,va4 ,british ,spy1 ,life of ,patrick ,henry1 c4 ,wise1 ,henry ,alexander1 #ahjf-ahgf governor of ,va4 ,seven ,decades of the ,union4 ,withers1 ,emma ,w4 ,va4 ,wildwood ,chimes 7poems74 ,wood1 ,mrs4 ,jean ,moncure1 #aged-ahbc ,va4 ,flowers and ,weeds of the ,old ,dominion 7#ahei74 ,wood1 ,william ,maxwell1 #ahji-ahhj phys4 ,n4 ,c4 ,wandering ,sketches in ,south ,america1 ,polynesia1 ,california1 c41 ,a ,shoulder to the ,wheel of ,progress4 ,woods1 ,mrs4 ,katharine ,pearson ,w4 ,va4 ,metzerott ,shoemaker1 ,mark of the ,beast1 ,web of ,gold4 ,wright1 ,marcus ,joseph1 #ahca- ,tenn4 ,reminiscences of ,mc,nairy ,county1 ,tenn41 ,life of ,gov4 ,william ,blount1 ,general ,scott4 ,wylie1 ,mrs4 ,lollie ,belle ,moore ed4 ,society ,ala4 ,morning-,glory1 and other ,poems4 ,wynne1 ,mrs4 ,emma ,moffett1 #ahdd- 7,lola7 ,ala41 ,ga4 ,crag-,font4 ,yancey1 ,william ,lowndes1 #ahad-ahfc statesman ,ga41 ,ala4 ,speeches and ,letters4 ,yeaman1 ,george ,helm1 #ahbi- lawyer ,ky4 ,naturalization1 ,privateering1 ,study of ,government4 ,yonge1 ,francis colonist ,s4 ,c4 ,proceedings of the ,people of ,south ,carolina in #agai1 ,voyage to ,virginia and the ,chesapeake4 ,young1 ,edward1 #ahah- ,eng41 ,s4 ,c4 ,ladye ,lillian1 and other ,poems4 ,young1 ,mrs4 ,maud ,j4 ,fuller ,n4 ,c41 ,tex4 7,descendant of ,pocahontas71 ,song of the ,texas ,rangers1 ,cordova1 a ,legend of ,lone ,lake4 ,a ,,supplementary ,,list1 ,,july1 #ahie4 ,corrections and further information are earnestly requested4 ,address ,miss ,,louise ,,manly1 care ,b4 ,f4 ,johnson ,publishing ,company1 ,richmond1 ,va4 ,afflick1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,hunt ,ky41 ,tex4 ,gates ,ajar1 and other ,poems4 ,alexander1 ,archibald1 #aggb-ahea ,pr4 cl41 edu4 ,va41 ,n4 ,j4 ,distinguished ,american ,clergymen1 ,history of the ,presbyterian ,church in ,virginia 7#ahed71 and many theological writings4 ,alexander1 ,joseph ,waddel1 #ahjd- ,pr4 cl41 edu4 ,va41 ,n4 ,j4 ,biography of ,dr4 ,archibald ,alexander1 ,family ,worship1 and theological writings4 ,anderson1 ,archer soldier ,va4 ,addresses3 ,battle of ,chickamauga1 ,robert ,e4 ,lee1 c4 ,anderson1 ,l4 ,b4 ,va4 ,biographies of ,virginia ,physicians of ,olden ,times 7#ahia74 ,andrews1 ,garnett ,ga4 ,reminiscences of an ,old ,georgia ,lawyer 7#ahgj74 ,archer1 ,branch ,t4 ,va41 ,tex4 ,addresses1 ,essays1 c4 ,avery1 ,i4 ,w4 ,ga4 ,history of ,georgia 7#ahha74 ,bachman1 ,catherine ,louise ,s4 ,c4 ,life of ,john ,bachman 7her father74 ,badger1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,m4 ,fla41 ,tex4 ,silent ,influence1 and other poems4 ,barbour1 ,benjamin ,johnson1 -#ahie ,va4 ,addresses4 ,barton1 ,w4 ,s4 ,va4 ,diocese of ,virginia4 ,bartram1 ,william1 #agci-ahbc botanist ,england4 ,travels through ,carolina1 ,georgia1 ,florida1 c4 7#agia74 ,battle1 ,kemp ,plummer1 #ahca- edu4 ,n4 ,c4 ,history of ,raleigh1 ,benjamin ,smith1 ,z4 ,b4 ,vance1 ,general ,sumner1 and other addresses1 essays1 c4 ,beale1 ,maria ,n4 ,c4 ,jack ,o',doon4 ,beckwith1 ,paul ,mo4 ,history of the ,beckwith ,family 7#ahia71 ,creoles of ,st4 ,louis 7#ahic74 ,bedinger1 ,henry1 #ahaj- ,va4 ,poems4 ,bell1 ,j4 ,m4 ,va4 ,life of ,ex-,governor ,william ,smith 7#ahia74 ,bennet1 ,w4 ,w4 cl4 ,va4 ,the ,great ,revival in the ,southern ,army1 ,methodism in ,virginia4 ,berney1 ,saffold ,ala4 ,industrial ,history of ,alabama4 ,bernheim1 ,g4 ,d41 #ahbg- ,luth4 cl4 ,n4 ,c4 ,german ,settlement and ,lutheran ,church in ,n4 ,c4 and ,s4 ,c4 ,bickley1 ,g4 ,w4 ,l4 ,va4 ,history of ,tazewell ,county4 ,biggs1 ,joseph1 #aggf-ahdd ,bapt4 cl4 ,n4 ,c4 ,kehukee ,baptist ,association 7#ahcg1 continuation of ,burkitt's ,history74 ,bigham1 ,robert ,williams1 #ahbd- ,m4 ,e4 cl4 ,ga4 ,vinny ,leal's ,trip1 ,uncle ,viv's ,story1 ,gold ,field ,scenes1 ,joe a ,boy in the ,war ,times4 ,billon1 ,frederick ,l4 ,mo4 ,annals of ,st4 ,louis 7#ahhf74 ,bishop1 ,p4 ,p4 ,bapt4 cl4 ,n4 ,y41 ,fla4 ,the ,psychologist 7novel71 ,heart of ,man1 ,american ,citizen4 ,bouldin1 ,powhatan ,va4 ,reminiscences of ,john ,randolph of ,roanoke 7#ahgh71 ,the ,old ,trunk4 ,boyd1 ,c4 ,r4 ,va4 ,history of ,washington ,county1 ,geological ,treatises4 ,bradley1 ,mary ,e4 ,va4 ,douglas ,farm4 ,branch1 ,william1 ,jr4 ,va4 ,life1 and other poems 7#ahai74 ,brent1 ,frank ,p4 ,va4 ,eastern ,shore of ,virginia 7#ahia74 ,broaddus1 ,andrew1 #aggj- ,bapt4 cl4 ,va4 ,history of the ,bible1 ,sermons1 ,letters1 c4 ,broadhead1 ,garland ,c4 edu4 ,mo4 ,missouri ,geological ,survey ,reports1 and many scientific and historical papers4 ,brown1 ,b4 ,gratz1 #ahbf- lawyer ,mo4 ,geometry ,old and ,new 7#ahgi71 ,state ,papers4 ,brown1 ,george ,william1 #ahab-ahij jurist ,md4 ,baltimore and the #aith of ,april1 #ahfa1 ,life of ,thomas ,donaldson1 ,origin and ,growth of ,civil ,liberty in ,maryland1 c4 ,brown1 ,john1 #agga-ahej ,ger41 ,va4 ,sermons 7#ahah74 ,brown1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,mitchel ,conn41 ,mo41 ,tex4 ,school ,history of ,texas1 ,burial of ,governor ,henry ,smith1 ,the ,golden ,wedding1 ,to ,ex-,president ,jefferson ,davis1 and other poems4 ,brown1 ,samuel1 #agfi- phys4 ,va4 ,description of a ,cave on ,crooked ,creek4 ,browne1 ,alexander ,va4 ,genesis of the ,united ,states 7#ahia74 ,browne1 ,henry ,va4 ,captives of ,abb's ,valley1 ,the ,great ,supper4 ,bruce1 ,philip ,a4 ,va4 ,virginia ,historical ,society ,papers1 ,plantation ,negro as a ,freeman1 c4 ,bruce1 ,thomas ,va4 ,historical ,sketches of ,roanoke1 ,cupid and ,duty1 ,that ,bruisin' ,lad o' ,greystone ,lodge1 c4 ,bryan1 ,w4 ,s4 publisher ,mo4 ,history of ,pioneer ,families of ,st4 ,louis4 ,bryant1 ,edgar ,s4 lawyer ,ark4 ,orations4 ,buchannan1 ---- cl4 ,ark4 ,the ,world and the ,book 7#ahic74 ,burgwyn1 ,c4 ,p4 ,e4 ,va4 ,the ,huguenot ,lovers1 and other poems4 ,burkitt1 ,lemuel1 #agej-ahjg ,bapt4 cl4 ,n4 ,c4 ,kehukee ,baptist ,association 7with ,jesse ,read1 #ahjc1 and #ahej1 earliest volume issued in the ,state on any part of her history74 ,burk1 ,john ,daly1 -#ahjh ,ireland1 ,va4 ,history of ,virginia1 #ahjd-ahaf 7#c volumes by ,burk1 the #dth by ,louis ,hue ,girardin and ,skelton ,jones71 ,poems1 ,dramas1 and other works4 ,burwell1 ,letitia ,mc,creery ,va4 ,a ,girl's ,life in ,virginia before the ,war1 ,poems1 c4 ,burwell1 ,william ,mc,creery1 #ahji-ahhh ed4 ,va4 ,white ,acre against ,black ,acre1 ,exile and ,empire1 ,essays on ,economics1 ,politics1 c41 7editor of ,de ,bow's ,review74 ,bushnell1 ,j4 ,e4 ,va4 ,baptism1 ,consecrated ,giving1 ,deaconess ,work 7#ahhi74 ,cabell1 ,ellen ,mayo ,va4 ,an ,odd ,volume of ,fact and ,fiction 7#aheb74 ,cabell1 ,mrs4 ,i4 ,c4 ,va4 ,historical and ,biographical ,sketches1 c4 ,cabell1 ,mrs4 ,margaret ,couch ,anthony1 #ahad-ahhc ,va4 ,recollections of ,lynchburg4 ,caldwell1 ,howard ,hayne1 #ahca-aheh lawyer ,s4 ,c4 ,oliata 7#ahee71 ,poems 7#aheh71 ,prose ,articles4 ,caldwell1 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,m4 ,ga4 ,the ,tie that ,binds 7#ahie74 ,cameron1 ,john ,n4 ,c4 ,hand-book of ,north ,carolina4 ,campbell1 ,alexander1 #aghf-ahff cl4 ,ireland1 ,w4 ,va4 ,sermons 7,founder of the ,church of the ,disciples74 ,campbell1 ,jesse ,h41 #ahjg- ,bapt4 cl4 ,ga4 ,georgia ,baptists 7#ahdg74 ,campbell1 ,john ,lyle1 #ahah- ,va4 ,geology of ,james ,river ,valley 7#ahib71 ,agriculture4 ,campbell1 ,john ,poage1 #agfg- ,va4 ,the ,passenger 7#ahjd71 ,vindex 7#ahjf71 ,answer to ,jones 7#ahab71 c4 ,campbell1 ,john ,wilson ,va4 ,history of ,virginia to #agha 7#ahac74 ,carter1 ,st4 ,leger ,landon ,va4 ,nugae by ,nugator 7,poems74 ,carter1 ,william ,page ,va4 ,poems4 ,caruthers1 ,eli ,w41 -#ahfe ,n4 ,c4 ,life of ,rev4 ,david ,caldwell1 ,d4 ,d41 ,revolutionary ,incidents in the ,old ,north ,state4 ,carwile1 ,john ,brown1 #ahbe- banker ,s4 ,c4 ,reminiscences of ,newberry4 ,casselberry1 ,evans lawyer ,mo4 ,spanish ,laws1 ,missouri ,land ,laws1 c4 ,chappell1 ,absalom ,harris1 #ahja-ahgh lawyer ,ga4 ,miscellanies of ,georgia 7#ahgd74 ,charlton1 ,thomas ,u4 ,p4 jurist ,md41 ,ga4 ,life of ,major-,general ,james ,jackson 7#ahji74 ,child1 ,jacob ed4 ,mo4 ,the ,pearl of ,asia 7#ahib74 ,clayton1 ,augustine ,smith1 #aghc- ,va4 ,crockett's ,life of ,van ,buren4 ,claytor1 ,graham ,va4 ,otterdale1 ,among the ,hills1 ,pleasant ,waters4 ,clark1 ,walter1 #ahdf- jurist ,n4 ,c4 ,editor ,records of ,north ,carolina 7after #aggf71 historical and legal papers4 ,clark1 ---- ,mo4 ,history of ,william ,jewell ,college4 ,clarke1 ,william ,va4 ,lewis and ,clarke ,expedition 7with ,lewis74 ,cleland1 ,john1 #agji-aghi 7son of ,colonel ,cleland1 ,will ,honeycomb of the ,spectator74 ,tombo-,chiqui 7#ageh74 ,clover1 ,lewis ,p4 ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,va4 ,old ,churches in ,virginia4 ,cocke1 ,philip ,st4 ,george1 #ahjh-ahfa ,va4 ,plantation and ,farm ,instruction 7#aheb74 ,coghill1 ,james ,h4 ,va4 ,abroad 7#ahfg71 ,family of ,coghill1 #acgi to #ahgi4 ,coles1 ,j4 ,j4 ,va4 ,africa in ,brief 7#ahhf74 ,colwell1 ,stephen1 #ahjj-ahga ,va4 ,foreign ,commerce1 ,new ,themes for the ,protestant ,clergy1 ,politics for ,american ,citizens1 ,christianity in the ,united ,states1 ,the ,south1 c4 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,bern1 ,n4 ,c474 ,derry1 ,joseph ,t4 edu4 ,ga4 ,story of the ,confederate ,states1 ,school ,history of the ,united ,states4 ,dixon1 ,sam ,houston ,tex4 ,poets and ,poetry of ,texas4 ,doddridge1 ,joseph1 #agfi-ahbf ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,w4 ,va4 ,notes on ,virginia and ,pennsylvania1 ,logan4 ,dove1 ,john phys4 ,va4 ,edited ,proceedings of the ,grand ,lodge of ,masons from #aggc to #ahbb1 ,history of the ,grand ,lodge in ,virginia1 c4 ,du ,bose1 ,john ,witherspoon1 #ahcf- ed4 ,s4 ,c41 ,ala4 ,mineral ,wealth of ,alabama1 ,life and ,times of ,william ,l4 ,yancey 7#ahib74 ,du ,bose1 ---- edu4 ,tenn4 ,soteriology4 ,dudley1 ,thomas ,u4 ,p4 ,e4 bishop ,va41 ,ky4 ,a ,nice ,discrimination the ,church's ,need1 ,a ,sunday ,school ,question ,book4 ,dugan1 ,mrs4 ,george ,e4 7,may ,myrtle7 ,mo4 ,myrtle ,leaves 7poem1 #ahhe74 ,dugger1 ,shepherd ,monroe ,n4 ,c4 ,balsam ,groves of the ,grandfather ,mountain4 ,duke1 ,r4 ,t4 ,w41 ,jr4 ,va4 ,poems4 ,duncan1 ,r4 ,s4 ,bapt4 cl4 ,mo4 ,history of ,baptists in ,missouri 7#ahhb74 ,durrett1 ,reuben ,thomas1 #ahbd- ,ky4 ,life of ,john ,filson1 the first historian of ,kentucky1 ,essays1 c4 ,early1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,washington ,cabell1 #ahdf- ,va4 ,sambo's ,banishment1 ,virginia before the ,war1 and other ,sketches1 ,stories1 and ,essays4 ,efnor1 ,mrs4 ,lottie ,tex4 ,poems1 ,sketches1 and other writings4 ,elliott1 ,stephen1 #agga-ahcj nat4 ,s4 ,c41 ,ga4 ,botany of ,south ,carolina and ,georgia 7#ahba74 ,elliott1 ---- ,p4 ,e4 bishop ,s4 ,c41 ,ga4 ,religious writings4 ,elliott1 ,charles1 #agib- ed41 ,m4 ,e4 cl4 ,ireland1 ,mo4 ,southwestern ,methodism 7#ahfh71 and other works4 ,elliott1 ,richard ,smith ,mo4 ,notes on ,st4 ,louis 7#ahhc74 ,ellison1 ,matthew1 #ahjd- ,bapt4 cl4 ,va4 ,dunkerism1 a ,plea for the ,union of ,baptists4 ,evans1 ,lawton ,b41 #ahfb- edu4 ,ga4 ,history of ,georgia 7#ahhd74 ,ewell1 ,alice ,maud ,va4 ,the ,white and the ,red 7#ahhi71 ,stories and ,sketches4 ,ewing1 ,finis1 #aggc- cl4 ,va4 ,lectures on ,divinity 7#ahci74 ,ezekiel1 ,h4 ,c4 ,va4 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edu4 ,va41 ,ala41 ,tenn4 ,trigonometry1 ,addresses1 c4 ,garnett1 ,alexander ,yelverton ,peyton1 #ahbj- surgeon ,va4 ,potomac ,marshes1 ,epidemic ,jaundice1 c4 ,garrett1 ,thomas ,e4 ed4 ,mo4 ,masque of the ,muses 7poem1 #ahhc74 ,garrison1 ,george ,p4 ,ga41 ,tex4 ,solitude1 and other poems and sketches4 ,gerald1 ,florence ,tex4 ,lays of the 7,texas7 ,republic1 and other poems4 ,gilleland1 ,william ,m4 ,tex4 ,burial ,march of ,general ,thomas ,green1 ,in ,memory of ,general ,ben4 ,mc,culloch1 and other poems4 ,gillespie1 ,mrs4 ,helena ,west edu4 ,tenn41 ,tex4 ,tennyson's ,picture1 and other poems4 ,gilman1 ,mrs4 ,caroline ,howard1 #agid- ,mass41 ,s4 ,c4 ,recollections of a ,southern ,matron1 and many other writings1 sketches1 essays1 c4 ,goode1 ,george ,brown sci4 ,va41 ,d4 ,c4 ,virginia ,cousins1 ,descendants of ,john ,goode of ,whitby1 ,va41 7replete with incidents and pictures of ,southern life71 and scientific writings4 ,goodloe1 ,daniel ,reaves1 #ahad- ,n4 ,c4 ,birth of the 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,blossoms 7poems74 ,hallum1 ,john1 #ahcc- lawyer ,tenn41 ,ark4 ,history of ,arkansas 7#ahhg71 ,diary of an ,old ,lawyer 7#ahie71 ,life on the ,frontier4 ,hallum1 ,mattie ,a41 #ahgb- ,mo41 ,ark4 ,clay 7a story in verse7 and other poems4 ,hambach1 ,g4 edu4 ,mo4 ,missouri ,geological ,survey ,reports1 scientific papers1 c4 ,hamlett1 ,mrs4 ,lizzie ,miss41 ,tex4 ,death of ,rusk1 ,pleasures of ,home1 and other poems4 ,hamner1 ,salley ,b4 ,va4 ,now ,that ,you ,are ,married 7#ahib74 ,harby1 ,mrs4 ,lee ,cohen ,s4 ,c41 ,tex41 ,n4 ,y4 ,thanksgiving ,ode 7#ahha71 ,a ,south ,carolina ,village1 ,old ,stone ,fort at ,nacogdoches1 ,city of a ,prince1 ,earliest ,texas1 ,the ,tejas ,nation1 ,poems1 ,stories1 c4 ,harden1 ,edward ,jenkins1 #ahac-ahgc lawyer ,ga4 ,life of ,george ,m4 ,troup 7#ahei71 ,notes of a ,short ,northern ,tour 7translated into ,latin74 ,harris1 ,mrs4 ,louisa ,mo4 ,behind the ,scenes2 or1 ,nine ,years at the ,four ,courts 7#ahic74 ,harris1 ,thaddeus ,m4 ,ga4 ,memorials of ,oglethorpe 7#ahda74 ,harrison1 ,gessner1 #ahjg-ahfb edu4 ,va4 ,laws of ,latin ,grammar1 ,greek ,prepositions4 ,hartshorne1 ,joseph1 #aggi- phys4 ,va4 ,the ,bones1 and other medical works4 ,hatton1 ,john ,w4 ,mo4 ,battle of ,life 7poem1 #ahhb74 ,hayden1 ,horace ,edwin ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,va41 ,pa4 ,virginia ,genealogies1 and other writings4 ,heath1 ,james1 ca4 #ahab- lawyer ,va4 ,edgewood 7novel of the ,revolution1 #ahch74 ,henderson1 ,john ,b4 lawyer1 statesman ,mo4 ,speeches4 ,hening1 ,william ,waller1 died #ahbh lawyer ,va4 ,american ,pleader 7#ahaa71 ,new ,virginia ,justice 7#ahbe74 ,henkel1 ,paul1 #aged-ahbe ,luth4 cl4 ,n4 ,c41 ,va4 ,baptism and the ,lord's ,supper1 ,german ,hymns1 ,zeitvertreib 7poem74 ,henning1 ,julia ,r4 edu4 ,va4 ,geography of ,virginia1 ,songs 7with the music74 ,hereford1 ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,j4 ,ky41 ,tex4 ,rebel ,rhymes1 and other poems4 ,hill1 ,benjamin ,harvey1 #ahbc-ahhb ,ga4 ,notes on the ,situation1 ,orations1 c4 ,hill1 ,britton ,a4 lawyer ,mo4 ,liberty and ,law 7#ahgc71 ,absolute ,money1 ,specie ,resumption 7#ahgf74 ,hobby1 ,alfred ,m4 ,fla41 ,tex4 ,frontier from the ,saddle1 ,sentinel's ,dream of ,home4 ,hodgson1 ,joseph ,ala4 ,cradle of the ,confederacy 7#ahgf74 ,hogg1 ,thomas ,e4 ,tex4 ,the ,fate of ,marvin 7poem74 ,holbrook1 ,john ,edwards1 #agid-ahga sci4 ,s4 ,c4 ,american ,herpetology1 ,southern ,ichthyology4 ,holcombe1 ,james ,philemon1 #ahbj- ,va4 ,literature and ,letters1 c4 ,holding1 ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,e4 edu4 ,mo4 ,joy the ,deaconess 7novel74 ,holmes1 ,george ,frederick1 #ahbj- edu4 ,british ,guiana1 ,va4 ,comte's ,philosophy1 and other essays1 ,history of the ,united ,states1 ,readers1 and other text-books4 ,hooper1 ,william1 #aghb-ahgf ,n4 ,c4 ,fifty ,years ,since 7#ahei71 and other addresses4 ,houston1 ,mrs4 ,margaret ,moffett ,lea1 -#ahfg ,ala41 ,tex4 ,to ,my ,husband ,general ,sam4 ,houston1 and other poems4 ,howard1 ,overton ,va4 ,life of the ,law4 ,hubbard1 ,fordyce ,mitchell1 #ahji-ahhh ,n4 ,c4 ,life of ,w4 ,r4 ,davie1 ,richard ,caswell1 ,the ,harvey ,family1 c4 ,hughey1 ,g4 ,w4 cl4 ,mo4 ,the ,liquor ,traffic 7#ahhb71 ,catechism on ,beer 7#ahhd71 ,ingersoll and ,ingersollism 7#ahhc71 ,resurrection of the ,dead1 ,christian ,side of ,faith1 c4 ,hunt1 ,james ,h4 ,mo4 ,the ,mormon ,war in ,missouri1 #ahdd 7with ,g4 ,w4 ,westbrook74 ,hutchins1 ,james ,h4 ,n4 ,c41 ,tex4 ,my ,native ,town1 ,funeral ,odes1 and other poems4 ,hutson1 ,charles ,woodward ,ga41 ,miss4 ,beginnings of ,civilization1 ,story of ,beryl4 ,irby1 ,richard ,va4 ,sketch of the ,nottoway ,grays4 ,irving1 ,john ,b4 ,s4 ,c4 ,essays4 ,james1 ,benjamin1 #agfh-ahbe jurist ,va41 ,s4 ,c4 ,statute and ,common ,law of ,carolina 7#ahad74 ,jamison1 ,david ,f41 #ahaj-ahfj planter1 soldier ,s4 ,c4 ,memoir of ,bertrand du ,guesclin4 ,jeffries1 ,fayette1 #ahbj- ,va4 ,crippled ,fayette1 an autobiography4 ,jett1 ,james ,va4 ,a ,virginia ,tragedy1 and other stories4 ,jewell1 ,horace cl4 ,ark4 ,history of ,methodism in ,arkansas 7#ahic74 ,johnson1 ,john1 #ahbi- c4e41 ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,s4 ,c4 ,defense of ,charleston ,harbor 7#ahij74 ,johnston1 ,frederick1 #ahaa-ahid ,va4 ,old ,virginia ,clerks 7#ahhh74 ,jones1 ,charles ,edgeworth1 #ahfg- lawyer ,ga4 ,education in ,georgia 7#ahhi71 ,divisions of ,georgia 7#ahib74 ,jones1 ,john ,p4 ,mo4 ,spanish ,expedition to ,missouri in #agai1 ,early ,travel in ,missouri1 ,missouri ,river and ,indians1 c4 ,jones1 ,joseph1 #ahcc- phys41 edu4 ,ga41 ,tenn41 ,la4 ,aboriginal ,remains of ,tennessee 7#ahgf71 ,medical and ,surgical ,memoirs1 c4 ,jones1 ,wiley ,va4 ,gospel of the ,kingdom4 ,jones1 ,william ,hite ,va4 ,federal ,taxes and ,state ,expenses4 ,josselyn1 ,robert1 #ahaj-ahhd jour4 ,mass41 ,tex4 ,the ,last ,tear ,i ,shed1 ,satire on the ,times1 and other poems4 ,keiffer1 ,aldine ,s4 ,va4 ,poems4 ,kerr1 ,hugh1 -#ahdc ,ireland1 ,tex4 ,poetical ,description of ,texas 7#ahch74 ,kerr1 ,robert ,pollok1 #ahej- ,mo4 ,presbyterianism for the ,people 7#ahhc71 ,history of ,presbyterianism 7#ahhf71 ,hymns of the ,ages 7#ahia71 ,voice of ,god in ,history 7#ahij71 and other works4 ,kerr1 ,washington ,caruthers1 #ahbg-ahhe edu41 geologist ,n4 ,c4 ,geological ,papers 7in regard to ,north ,carolina74 ,kilby1 ,l4 ,clay ,va4 ,vernon ,lonsdale 7#ahgf74 ,king1 ,willis ,p4 phys4 ,mo4 ,quacks and ,quackery in ,missouri 7#ahhb71 and medical writings4 ,kingsbury1 ,theodore ,bryant1 #ahbh- ed4 ,n4 ,c4 ,baptism1 ,history of ,granville ,county1 ,n4 ,c41 historical and literary essays1 c4 ,krauth1 ,charles ,p41 #ahbc- cl4 ,va4 ,winter and ,spring in the ,danish ,west ,indies1 ,conservative ,reformation1 ,christian ,liberty1 ,berkeley's ,principles1 ,augsburg ,confession1 ,poems1 c4 ,ladd1 ,mrs4 ,catherine ,stratton1 7,minnie ,mayflower71 #ahji- edu4 ,va41 ,s4 ,c4 ,tales1 ,essays1 and ,poems 7#ahdj-ahfj74 ,lacy1 ,j4 ,horace soldier ,va4 ,historical ,sketches4 ,laidley1 ,theodore ,thaddeus ,sobieski1 #ahbb-ahhf soldier ,va4 ,ordnance ,manual1 ,rifle ,practice4 ,lafferty1 ,j4 ,j4 ,m4 ,e4 cl4 ,va4 ,addresses1 ,lectures1 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,mo4 ,halloween1 and other poems4 ,maynard1 ,mrs4 ,sallie ,ballard ,hillyer1 #ahda-ahhb ,ga41 ,tex4 ,the ,two ,heroines1 or ,the ,valley ,farm 7novel71 ,poems4 ,melton1 ,wightman ,fletcher ,m4 ,e4 cl41 edu4 ,ala4 ,the ,preacher's ,son 7#ahid74 ,mercer1 ,margaret1 #agib-ahdf edu4 ,md41 ,va4 ,ethics1 ,studies for ,bible ,classes 7#ahdb74 ,meriwether1 ,c4 ,s4 ,c4 ,history of ,higher ,education in ,south ,carolina 7#ahhi74 ,merrimon1 ,maud ,l4 ,n4 ,c4 ,memoir of ,a4 ,s4 ,merrimon 7her father74 ,miller1 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,c4 ,keller ,la4 ,severed at ,gettysburg1 ,love and ,rebellion4 ,miles1 ,james ,warley1 #ahah-ahge ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,s4 ,c4 ,philosophic ,theology1 ,addresses1 ,essays1 c4 ,minnigerode1 ,charles ,g41 #ahad-ahid ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,ger41 ,va4 ,sermons4 ,minor1 ,benjamin ,b4 ,va4 ,memoir of ,chancellor ,wythe 7#aheb74 ,minor1 ,john ,barbee1 #ahac-ahie edu41 lawyer ,va4 ,reports of #agii-ahjj1 legal writings1 c4 ,minor1 ,lucian1 #ahjb-aheh ed4 ,va4 ,abolishing the ,liquor ,traffic1 ,travels in 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7#ahfe71 ,missouri ,as ,it ,is in #ahfg 7#ahfg74 ,parker1 ,w4 ,w4 phys4 ,va4 ,rise and ,decline of ,homoeopathy1 ,forty ,years a ,doctor1 c4 ,pate1 ,henry ,clay ,va4 ,sketches of ,virginia4 ,patton1 ,john ,m4 cl4 ,va4 ,the ,death of ,death4 ,paxton1 ,william ,m4 ,mo4 ,the ,marshall ,family 7#ahhe74 ,peck1 ,john ,m4 ,mo4 ,life of ,daniel ,boone1 ,annals of the ,west 7#ahej74 ,penn1 ,garland ,va4 ,california1 ,men of ,mark1 ,wizard of the ,wave1 c4 ,perdue1 ,e4 ,t41 #ahca- ,va4 ,words of ,our ,saviour 7#ahij74 ,phifer1 ,c4 ,l4 ,mo4 ,love and ,law 7sonnets71 ,annals of the ,earth1 ,weather ,wisdom1 and two other volumes of poems4 ,pinckney1 ,charles ,cotesworth ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,s4 ,c4 ,life of ,thomas ,pinckney4 ,polk1 ,william ,m4 phys4 ,la41 ,n4 ,y4 ,life of ,leonidas ,polk 7his father74 ,pollard1 ,marie ,antoinette ,n4 ,g4 ,va4 ,poems4 ,pollard1 ,henry ,rives1 #ahcc- ,va4 ,historical ,sketches1 ,essays1 c4 ,pollard1 ,thomas ,va4 ,hand-,book of ,virginia4 ,pope1 ,william ,f41 -#ahie ,ark4 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7#ahhi74 ,reavis1 ,l4 ,u4 ,mo4 ,the ,new ,republic 7#ahfg71 ,st4 ,louis the ,future ,great ,city 7#ahgj71 ,thoughts for ,young ,men 7#ahgc71 ,life of ,horace ,greeley1 ,life of ,general ,harney 7#ahgh71 ,commercial ,destiny of the ,mississippi ,valley 7#ahhj71 ,the ,isthmian ,passage 7#ahhb71 ,manhood of ,america 7#ahhj71 and other works4 ,reichel1 ,levin ,theodore1 #ahab-ahgh ,moravian bishop ,n4 ,c4 ,the ,moravians in ,north ,carolina 7#aheg74 ,reilly1 ,j4 ,s4 ,n4 ,c4 ,wilmington3 ,past1 ,present1 and ,future4 ,reynolds1 ,thomas ,c4 ,governor of ,mo4 ,two ,hundredth ,anniversary of the ,discovery of the ,upper ,mississippi1 ,state ,papers1 c4 ,rhodes1 ,edward ,abesette1 #ahda-ahfc soldier ,tex4 ,poem on death of his father1 c4 ,rhodes1 ,robert ,h41 #ahde-ahgd ,tex4 ,prayer1 ,under the ,cactus1 and other poems4 ,rhodes1 ,william ,henry1 #ahbb- ,n4 ,c41 ,tex41 ,cal4 ,theodosia 7play71 ,indian ,gallows 7poems71 ,caston's ,book 7essays1 poems1 and sketches74 ,rice1 ,martin ,bapt4 cl4 ,mo4 ,rural ,rhymes1 ,tales of ,olden ,times1 ,blue ,river ,association4 ,richards1 ,william ,c41 #ahah-ahib cl41 sci4 ,england1 ,ga41 ,ill4 ,georgia ,illustrated 7#ahdb74 ,richardson1 ,john ,m41 #ahca- ,s4 ,c41 ,tex4 ,the ,whiskey ,fiend1 ,prayer of ,mary ,queen of ,scots1 c4 ,riley1 ,benjamin ,franklin1 #ahdi- ,bapt4 cl41 edu4 ,ala41 ,ga4 ,history of ,conecuh ,county1 ,ala41 ,alabama ,as ,it ,is1 ,history of the ,baptists of ,alabama1 ,baptists in the ,southern ,states ,east of the ,mississippi 7in preparation74 ,robinson1 ,conway1 #ahje- lawyer ,va4 ,early ,voyages to ,america 7#ahdh71 and legal works4 ,robinson1 ,john ,va4 ,forms in the ,court of ,law of ,virginia 7#agij1 #ahbf74 ,robinson ,willie ,blanche 7,persia7 #aheg- ,tex4 ,texas to ,jefferson ,davis--,a ,welcome1 and other poems4 ,rockwell1 ,elisha ,f41 #ahji-ahhh ,n4 ,c4 ,rowan ,county in #aggd1 ,john ,thompson1 ,james ,hall1 and other historical papers4 ,rogers1 ,mrs4 ,loula ,kendall edu4 ,ga4 ,toccoa the ,beautiful1 ,twenty ,years an ,alien1 ,musical ,drills1 ,songs1 and other poems4 ,rose1 ,victor ,m41 -#ahic ,tex4 ,ross's ,brigade1 ,los ,despenadores1 ,the ,texas ,vendetta1 ,demara the ,comanche ,queen1 ,history of ,victoria ,county1 ,life of ,general ,b4 ,mc,culloch1 ,legend of ,dixie4 ,ross1 ,james1 #ahja-ahgh ---- ,life and ,times of ,elder ,reuben ,ross 7his father74 ,rothwell1 ,william ,r4 edu41 ,bapt4 cl4 ,mo4 ,reading the ,scriptures 7#ahhi71 ,new ,testament ,church ,order 7#ahij71 ,addresses4 ,rowe1 ,horace1 #aheb-ahhd ,tex4 ,years of ,youth1 and other poems4 ,royall1 ,anne1 #agfi-ahed b4 in ,virginia 7a prisoner for years among the ,indians1 then lived in ,alabama and ,washington1 ,d4 ,c474 ,history1 ,life1 and ,manners in the ,united ,states1 ,the ,tennessee 7novel71 ,the ,black ,book1 ,letters from ,alabama1 ,southern ,tour4 ,ruffin1 ,edmund1 #agid-ahfe ,va4 ,essays on ,agriculture1 ,anticipations of the ,future 7#ahfj74 ,ruffner1 ,william ,h4 ---- ,history of ,washington and ,lee ,university1 c4 ,salyards1 ,joseph ,h4 edu4 ,va4 ,idothea1 a ,poem 7#ahge74 ,sampson1 ,francis ,asbury1 #ahdb- lawyer ,mo4 ,natural ,history of ,pettis ,county 7#ahhb71 ,bibliography of the ,geology of ,missouri 7#ahij71 ,mollusca of ,arkansas 7#ahic71 and other scientific and historical writings4 ,saunders1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,ingle1 #ahcf- ,england1 ,tex4 ,texas1 ,san ,jacinto ,day1 and other poems4 ,saunders1 ,william ,lawrence1 #ahce-ahia statesman ,n4 ,c4 ,edited ,records of ,north ,carolina to #aggf 7#h volumes74 ,schenck1 ,david1 #ahce- lawyer ,n4 ,c4 ,north ,carolina #aghj-ha1 ,guilford ,court-,house1 and other historical papers4 ,scott1 ,john ,va4 ,partisan ,life with ,mosby4 ,scott1 ,william ,cooper1 #ahag- ,va4 ,genius and ,faith4 ,scott1 ,winfield1 #aghf- soldier ,va4 ,regulations for the ,army1 ,infantry ,tactics1 ,memoir of ,lieutenant-,general ,scott1 written by himself 7#ahfd74 ,semmes1 ,thomas ,va4 ,poems 7by ,collegian74 ,sherwood1 ,adiel1 #agia-ahgi ,bapt4 cl4 ,ga41 ,mo4 ,gazetteers of ,georgia1 ,notes on the ,new ,testament4 ,shields1 ,joseph ,dunbar1 #ahbj- jurist ,miss4 ,life and ,times of ,prentiss 7#ahhe74 ,shinn1 ,josiah ,h41 #ahdi- edu41 jour4 ,ark4 ,public ,school and ,college 7#ahia71 ,the ,south and ,education 7#ahib71 ,history of the ,american ,people 7#ahic71 ,illustrated ,arkansas 7#ahic71 and other works4 ,shumard1 ,benjamin ,f4 sci4 ,mo4 ,geological ,reports of ,missouri and ,texas1 c4 ,sibbald1 ,george ,ga4 ,pine ,lands of ,georgia 7#ahja74 ,slaughter1 ,william ,bank1 #agih- ,va4 ,reminiscences of ,distinguished ,men ,i ,have met 7#ahgh74 ,smith1 ,augustine ,meade ,va4 ,commissioners in ,chancery 7#ahhh74 ,smith1 ,benjamin ,mosby1 #ahaa- cl4 ,va4 ,commentary on the ,psalms and ,proverbs1 ,questions on the ,gospels1 ,poetical ,books of the ,scriptures4 ,smith1 ,c4 ,alphonso edu4 ,la4 ,repetition and ,parallelism in ,english verse 7#ahid74 ,smith1 ,charles ,lee1 #ahfe- ,n4 ,c4 ,history of ,education in ,north ,carolina 7#ahhh74 ,smith1 ,george ,g41 ,jr41 #ahbi- ,m4 ,e4 cl4 ,ga4 ,history of ,methodism in ,georgia and ,florida1 ,life of ,bishop ,andrew1 c4 ,smith1 ,john ,augustine1 #aghb-ahfe phys4 ,va4 ,nervous ,system1 ,mutations of the ,earth1 ,moral and ,physical ,science1 c4 ,smith1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,stuart ,harrison ,va4 ,art of ,housekeeping1 ,lang ,syne1 or ,the ,wards of ,mt4 ,vernon 7#ahhi71 translations1 essays1 c4 ,smith1 ,sarah ,henderson ,va4 ,alice ,singleton1 ,up to the ,light1 ,poems 7#ahhe74 ,smithdeal1 ,george ,michael1 #ahee- edu4 ,n4 ,c41 ,va4 ,book-,keeping3 ,theory and ,practice4 ,smithdeal1 ,mrs4 ,grace ,henning ,d4 ,c41 ,va4 ,grammar1 ,speller1 and ,letter-,writer4 ,sommersall1 ,james ,ga4 ,poems 7#ahec74 ,sparks1 ,w4 ,h4 ,ga4 ,memories of ,fifty ,years 7#ahgj74 ,spragins1 ,mrs4 ,anna ,ward1 -#ahgf ,ala41 ,tex4 ,shiloh1 ,farewell to ,texas1 and other poems4 ,sprunt1 ,james1 #ahdf- merchant1 ,british vice-consul ,scotland1 ,n4 ,c4 ,wilmington 7#ahhc71 ,a ,colonial ,plantation1 ,what ,ship is ,that8 7the blockade of ,wilmington74 ,stevens1 ,william ,bacon ,p4 ,e4 bishop ,ga4 ,history of ,georgia 7#ahdg1 #ahei71 ,discourses4 ,stewart1 ,frederick ,campbell phys4 ,va4 ,hospitals and ,surgeons of ,paris 7#ahdc74 ,stillman1 ,anne ,raymond ,s4 ,c41 ,ala4 ,how ,they ,kept the ,faith 7story of the ,huguenots74 ,stockard1 ,henry ,jerome ,n4 ,c4 ,poems4 ,swartz1 ,joel1 #ahbg- cl4 ,va4 ,dreams of the ,waking ,heart1 ,lyra ,lutherana4 ,swisher1 ,mrs4 ,bella ,french1 #ahcg- ed4 ,ga41 ,wis41 ,tex4 ,history of ,brown ,county1 ,wis41 ,struggling ,up to the ,light 7novel71 ,san ,antonio ,river1 and other poems4 ,taylor1 ,hannis ,ala4 ,history of the ,british ,constitution4 ,taylor1 ,william1 #ahba- bishop ,va4 ,christian ,adventures in ,south ,africa1 ,our ,south ,american ,cousins1 ,four ,year's ,campaign in ,india1 c4 ,thomas1 ,joseph1 #agia- cl4 ,n4 ,c4 ,the ,life of the ,pilgrim 7autobiography74 ,thurston1 ,g4 ,p4 ---- ,antiquities of ,tennessee 7#ahij74 ,tiernan1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,spear ,nicholas1 #ahcf-ahia ,va41 ,md4 ,homoselle1 and other novels4 ,tiffany1 ,olive ,mo4 ,floral ,poems 7#ahic74 ,truitt1 ,mrs4 ,julia ,phifer ,la41 ,tex4 ,birds of ,passage1 ,sometimes1 and other poems4 ,tucker1 ,david ,holmes edu41 phys4 ,va4 ,medical writings4 ,tucker1 ,henry ,st4 ,george1 #aghj-ahdh jurist ,va4 ,commentaries on the ,law of ,virginia1 ,constitutional ,law1 ,natural ,law and ,government1 c4 ,tucker1 ,nathaniel1 #agej- ,bermuda1 ,va4 ,the ,bermudian 7poem1 #aggd74 ,tunstall1 ,nannie ,w4 ,va4 ,no4 #dj1 and other stories4 ,turner1 ,thomas ,sloss1 #ahfj- ,ky41 ,tex4 ,life's ,brevity1 and other poems4 ,turrentine1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,e4 ,arrington1 #ahcd- ,ark41 ,tex4 ,to a ,mocking-,bird1 and other poems1 and sketches4 ,tuthill1 ,c4 ,l4 ---- ,virginia ,dare2 or1 ,the ,colony of ,roanoke4 ,tuttle1 ,joseph ,k4 ,m4 ,e4 cl4 ,mo4 ,ecce ,christus ,lectures 7#ahhg74 ,tyler1 ,john1 #agij-ahfb tenth ,president ,va4 ,the ,dead of the ,cabinet1 ,death of ,jefferson1 and other addresses and messages4 ,tyler1 ,lyon ,gardiner1 #ahec- edu41 ed4 ,va4 ,letters and ,times of the ,tylers 7two vols4 #ahhd1 a third vol4 now in press1 #ahie71 ,parties and ,patronage in the ,united ,states 7#ahia71 various literary and historical addresses and papers4 ,tyler1 ,robert1 #ahah-ahgg ,va41 ,ala4 ,ahasuerus1 ,death or ,medora's ,dream 7poems71 addresses1 and other writings4 ,upshur1 ,abel ,parker1 #agij-ahdd ,va4 ,nature and ,character of our ,federal ,government 7#ahdj74 ,vass1 ,lachlan ,gumming1 #ahca- ,pr4 cl4 ,n4 ,c4 ,history of the ,presbyterian ,church in ,new ,bern1 ,n4 ,c4 ,velthusen1 ,johann ,caspar ---- ,news of the ,church in ,north ,carolina 7in ,german1 #aghf-agib1 four reports74 ,venable1 ,charles ,s41 #ahbg- edu4 ,va4 ,mathematical ,text-,books 7#ahfi-'ge74 ,venable1 ,frank ,preston1 #ahef- ,va4 ,chemical ,analysis4 ,waddell1 ,james ,d4 lawyer ,ga4 ,sketch of ,linton ,stephens 7#ahgg74 ,waddell1 ,joseph ,addison1 #ahbc- ,va4 ,annals of ,augusta ,county1 and other writings4 ,wall1 ,henry ,clay ,n4 ,c4 ,historical ,sketch of the ,pee ,dee ,guards 7#ahgf74 ,walter1 ,thomas1 ca4 #agde-;ca4 #ahjj ,england1 ,n4 ,c4 ,flora ,caroliniana 7#aghh1 ,london74 ,walton1 ,william ,claiborne1 #agic- cl4 ,va4 ,sermons and ,discourses4 ,warder1 ,george ,w4 ,mo4 ,utopian ,dreams and ,lotus ,leaves1 ,eden ,dell4 ,warrock1 ,john1 #aggd- ,va4 ,warrock's ,almanac 7issued annually forty years74 ,washington1 ,bushrod1 #agfb- ,va4 ,reports of ,court of ,appeals and of the ,circuit ,court of the ,united ,states 7six volumes74 ,washington1 ,lawrence ,va4 ,a ,romance4 ,waterhouse1 ,s4 edu4 ,mo4 ,resources of ,missouri 7#ahfg71 ,the ,westward ,movement of ,capital 7#ahij71 ,st4 ,louis the ,site for the ,world's ,fair 7#ahhi71 c4 ,weaver1 ,w4 ,t4 ,g41 #ahcd-ahgg ,mo41 ,tex4 ,hours of ,amusement1 ,houston's ,address to ,his ,men at ,san ,jacinto1 ,song of the ,texas ,rangers1 ,the ,girl in ,red1 and other poems4 ,weeks1 ,stephen ,beauregard1 #ahfe- historian1 edu4 ,n4 ,c4 ,bibliography of the ,historical ,literature of ,north ,carolina1 ,lost ,colony of ,roanoke1 and many other historical papers4 ,west1 ,mrs4 ,florence ,duval1 -#ahha ,fla41 ,tex4 ,land of the ,lotus-,eaters 7prose sketches71 ,the ,marble ,lily1 and other poems4 ,weston1 ,james ,a4 ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,n4 ,c4 ,life of ,peter ,stuart ,ney 7#ahie71 ,sermons and ,memoirs4 ,wharey1 ,james1 #aghi-ahdb cl4 ,n4 ,c41 ,va4 ,church ,history from the ,birth of ,christ to the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,white1 ,george1 #ahjb-ahhg ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,s4 ,c4 ,statistics of ,georgia 7#ahdi71 ,historical ,collections of ,georgia 7#ahed74 ,whitsett1 ,william ,thornton1 #ahff- edu4 ,n4 ,c4 ,bob ,white1 ,to a ,lark1 and other poems4 ,whitsitt1 ,william ,heth1 #ahda- ,bapt4 cl41 edu4 ,tenn41 ,ky4 ,history of the ,baptists1 ,origin of the ,disciples1 ,history of the ,wallace ,family1 c4 ,whitten1 ,mrs4 ,martha ,elizabeth ,hotchkiss ,tex4 ,the ,old ,home1 ,elegy on ,dr4 ,manning1 and other poems4 ,whittle1 ,gilberta1 #ahej- ,va4 ,stories and ,essays4 ,williams1 ,john ,g4 ,bapt4 cl4 ,s4 ,c4 ,invasion of the ,moon4 ,williamson1 ,hugh1 #agce-ahai phys4 ,n4 ,c4 ,history of ,north ,carolina 7#ahab74 ,wilmer1 ,william ,holland1 #aghb-ahbg ,p4 ,e4 cl4 ,va4 ,controversy with a ,jesuit 7#ahah71 ,sermons1 c4 ,wilson1 ,john ,s4 ,pr4 cl4 ,ga4 ,necrology 7#ahfi74 ,winkler1 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,v4 ed4 ,va41 ,tex4 ,confederate ,capitol1 ,hood's ,texas ,brigade4 ,wingfield1 ,edwin ,maria1 #aegj- ,england1 ,va4 ,discourse on ,virginia4 ,wirt1 ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,washington ,gamble1 #aghd-aheg ,va4 ,flora's ,dictionary4 ,wise1 ,george ,va4 ,history of the ,seventeenth ,virginia ,infantry 7#ahgj74 ,withers1 ,alexander ,scott1 #agib-ahfe lawyer ,va4 7kinsman of ,sir ,walter ,scott74 ,border ,warfare4 ,wood1 ,annie ,c4 ,va4 ,diana ,fontaine 7#ahia71 ,westover's ,ward 7#ahib74 ,wood1 ,john1 #agge-ahbb ,scotland1 ,va4 ,rise and ,progress of the ,revolution1 ,trial of ,aaron ,burr1 ,diurnal ,rotation of the ,earth1 c4 ,woodward1 ,c4 ,m4 edu4 ,mo4 ,history of ,st4 ,louis ,bridge1 ,city of ,st4 ,louis 7#ahib74 ,woodward1 ,w4 ,s4 ,m4 ,e4 cl4 ,mo4 ,annals of ,methodism in ,missouri 7#ahic74 ,wormeley1 ,ariana ,randolph ---- ,the ,coming ,woman 7a comedy1 #ahgj74 ,wormeley1 ,mary ,elizabeth1 #ahbb- ,england1 ,va4 ,forest ,hill1 ,amabel 7#ahec71 ,our ,cousin ,veronica 7#ahef71 ,the ,steel ,hammer 7#ahhh74 ,wright1 ,robert ,england1 ,ga4 ,memoirs of ,general ,james ,oglethorpe 7#ahfg74 ,wynne1 ,thomas ,hicks1 #ahbj-ahge ,va4 ,historical ,documents from the ,old ,dominion 7#ahfj-ahgd71 from the ,old ,north ,state1 ,narrative of ,col4 ,david ,fanning 7#ahfa74 ,wythe1 ,george1 #agbf- ,va4 ,decisions of the ,high ,court of ,chancery 7#agie74 ,transcriber's ,note ,archaic and variable spelling is preserved as printed4 ,punctuation errors have been repaired4 ,the following amendments have been made3 ,page #ad--cab amended to #caa--,osceola1 ,leader of the ,seminoles1 #caa ,page #bg--,soverignty amended to ,sovereignty--,state ,sovereignty and ,liberty1 444 ,page #ca--bhi amended to #bii--,university of ,alabama #bii ,page #ca--;entries ,university of ,mississippi #ccg and ,arkansas ,industrial ,university #djb were originally immediately preceding the entry for ,mississippi ,industrial ,institute 444 #ddf4 ,they have been moved to the correct place in the ,list of ,illustrations4 ,page #ih--;inflence amended to influence--444 that all attempts to influence it by temporal punishments 444 ,page #abe--;efflulgence amended to effulgence--444 the purity of his private character gave effulgence to his public virtues4 ,page #aci--opprobium amended to opprobrium--444 7that opprobrium1 in the opinion of some gentlemen1 44474 ,page #bdc--;commere amended to commerce--444 and has proven of immense benefit both to commerce and science4 ,page #bed--,vasconselas amended to ,vasconselos--444 ,cassique of ,kiawah4 ,vasconselos1 tale of ,de ,soto4 ,page #bfa--repeated 'of' deleted--444 preceded the final insensibility of the victim4 ,page #bib--repeated 'it' deleted--444 when one half of it is placed under water1 444 ,page #cda--scarcly amended to scarcely--,his future was so uncertain--that he scarcely alluded to that 444 ,page #chd--;fuchias amended to fuchsias--444 and her fingers toyed with the scarlet fuchsias2 444 ,page #cia--,maryiand amended to ,maryland--,potomac calls to ,chesapeake1 ,maryland1 my ,maryland6 ,page #dcb--,pepworth amended to ,pebworth--,farrier ,lass o' ,piping ,pebworth4 ,page #dda--;grand amended to grande--,he went and married la grande demoiselle4 ,page #ddh--omitted #b4 added--#b4 ,for what was his daughter ,evelyn noted8 ,page #ddh--omitted #e4 added--#e4 ,when was the ,farewell ,address written8 ,page #ddh--b4 amended to #f4--f4 ,who were presidents before ,jefferson8 ,page #ddi--;,demothenes amended to ,demosthenes--#e4 ,who were ,demosthenes1 ,ossian1 ,homer1 ,milton1 ,rousseau8 ,page #ddi--g4 amended to #e4--e4 ,when was the ,university established and opened8 ,page #dej--f4 amended to #e4--e4 ,where did he die8 ,page #deb--d4 amended to #c4--c4 ,what other writers edited or wrote for the ,messenger8 ,page #deb--f4 amended to #e4--e4 ,mention some other ,confederate soldiers who went to ,mexico4 ,page #deb--e4 amended to #f4--f4 ,where is ,magnolia ,cemetery8 ,page #dec--f4 amended to #d4--d4 ,tell something of ,james ,edward ,oglethorpe4 ,page #ded--b4 amended to #c4--c4 ,learn something of their history4 ,page #deg--;entry ,r4 ,c41 ,roman ,catholic4 moved to appropriate alphabetical place in list of abbreviations4 ,page #dfa--;,addresss amended to ,address--,berrien1 ,john ,macpherson1 444 ,address in ,congress4 ,page #dfh--,ninteenth amended to ,nineteenth--,war of ,ahriman and ,ormuzd in the ,nineteenth ,century1 444 ,page #dgc--;,historie amended to ,histoire--,fortier1 ,alce 444 ,histoire de la ,littrature franaise1 444 ,page #dgf--,pourqui amended to ,pourquoi--,grima1 ,e4 444 ,pourquoi ,jean ,est ,rest ,garon4 ,page #dhb--;,correspondende amended to ,correspondence--,life and ,correspondence of ,major-,general ,greene4 ,page #dhf--,self-,governmant amended to ,self-,government--444 ,civil ,liberty and ,self-,government1 444 ,most references to the death date of ,st4 ,george ,h4 ,tucker in the book give a year of #ahfc2 however1 the information about his death on page #cbi notes that he died in the ,seven ,days' ,battles around ,richmond in #ahfb4 ,since an alternative source for the date of his death could not be found1 all dates remain as printed4 ,illustrations have been moved slightly1 where necessary1 so that they are not in the middle of a paragraph4