,,an ,,essay  ,,on ,,!  ,,scriptural    
,,doctr9e  ,,(  ,,immortality    ,,by   
,,! ,,rev4  ,,james ,,*allis1 ,m4,a41   
,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,r4,a4,s4     ,,plumian   
,,pr(essor ,,( ,,a/ronomy ,,&           
,,exp]im5tal ,,philosophy ,,9 ,,!       
,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cambridge1 ,,& ,,fell[
 ,,( ,,tr9ity ,,college4       ,anagke  
g> moi epikeitai ouai g> moi e/91 ean me
 euaggelzmai       --#a ,cor4 ix4 #af   
,,riv+tons  ,london1 ,ox=d1 & ,cambridge
  ,,mdccclxxx     ,,riv+tons   ,london 4
 4 4 4 4 4 ,wat]loo ,place  ,ox=d 4 4 4 
4 4 4 ,magdal5 ,/reet  ,cambridge  4 4 4
 4 ,tr9ity ,/reet  ,all rights res]v$   
#a  ,,an ,,essay  ,,on ,,!  ,,scriptural
 ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,immortality4           
,consid]+ t "u ! exi/+ conditions (     
humanity1 disease1 & decay1 & dea? ab\nd
 on e side1 x is surpris+ t ! ^w        
immortality obta9$ a place 9 sy/ems (   
philosophy1 ! au?ors ( :i* mu/ be       
suppos$ to h be5 unacqua9t$ ) div9e     
revelation4  ,x is n surpris+ t 9 !     
abs5ce ( su* aid ! belief ( immortality 

%\ld n h be5 firmly held1 or t by "s    
philosoph]s x %\ld h be5 expressly      
disav[$4  ,ev5 9 ! ,canonical           
,scriptures1 ! words immortal &         
immortality occur only 9 ! ,epi/les ( ! 
,apo/le ,paul1 & consequ5tly n till life
 & immortality _h be5 br\ght to light   
?r\gh ! ,gospel4  ,x is a rem>kable     
circum/ance t ^! words are met ) m      
frequ5tly 9 ! ,apocryphal ,books1 #b    
,esdras1 ,wisdom ( ,solomon1 &          
,ecclesia/icus1 ?an 9 ! ,canonical      
,scriptures4  ,! #b explanation ( !     
app>5t sil5ce ( ! ,scriptures1          
especially ^? ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 on s   
ess5tial a doctr9e1 w1 ,i ?9k1 be f\nd  
to be giv5 by ! c\rse ( argum5t adopt$ 9
 ?is essay4  ,x may1 fur!r1 be notic$ t1
 accord+ to philosophical dogma n d]iv$ 
f ! tea*+ ( ,scripture1 immortality is  
reg>d$ z a pr9ciple1 or innate quality1 
9 virtue ( :i* ! human s\l is exempt f !
 exp]i5ce ( dea? or annihilation4  ,on  
?is acc\nt ,greek & ,roman philosoph]s  
speak ( ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & ev5 9 !

 pres5t day ! same t]ms are us$1 ! s\l  
be+ reg>d$ z p] se immortal4  ,b nei!r 9
 ! ,scriptures1 nor 9 ! ,apocrypha1 is  
immortality qualifi$ by ! adjunct ( !   
s\l2 ! reason = :i* may be t s9ce dea?1 
z f> z our s5ses in=m u1 is an objective
 reality1 ! writ]s judg$ t mortality &  
fre$om f mortality c\ld only be pr$icat$
 ( body4  ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be tak5 into   
acc\nt t accord+ to ! doctr9e (         
,scripture !re is a spiritual body z    
well z a natural body1 s t :ile !       
natural body is1 z we "k1 subject to !  
law ( dea?1 x may be true t ! spiritual 
body is capable ( immortality4  ,?is    
po9t w be f>!r discuss$ 9 ! c\rse ( !   
essay4  ,to acc\nt = ! abs5ce ( any     
direct ann\ncem5t ( man's immortality 9 
! ,old ,te/am5t1 & = its be+ sp>+ly     
m5tion$ 9 ! ,new #c ,te/am5t1 ! foll[+  
argum5t seems legitimate & suffici5t4   
,^! ,scriptures1 z already intimat$1    
give no c\nt5ance to ! idea t ! s\l (   
man possesses any innate pr9ciple (     
immortality2 on ! contr>y1 !y reveal    

immortality by reveal+ ! means by :i* ! 
_s ( man is made immortal4 ,z1 accord+  
to natural sci5ce1 ! ext]nal _w1 bo? !  
animate "p & ! inanimate1 has become su*
 z we n[ p]ceive x to be by processes ( 
g5]ation & developm5t1 s !re is reason f
 ,scripture to say t a spiritual _w is  
be+ creat$ 9 an analog\s mann]1 & t to  
?is creation all o!r creations are      
subord9ate & contributory4  ,moreov]1   
we1 ! subjects ( ?is creation1 are s    
con/itut$ t we are consci\s (1 & c      
ourselves take cognizance (1 ! means by 
:i* x is effect$4  ,^! consid]ations may
 be appli$ to acc\nt = ! mode 9 :i*     
immortality is treat$ ( 9 ! ,bible4  ,x 
conc]ns u1 above all ?+s1 to disc]n &   
feel ! op]ations :]eby our spirits are  
=m$ bo? intellectually & morally = an   
immortal exi/5ce2 &1 accord+ly1         
,scripture is full ( in/ruction1        
address$ bo? to ! und]/&+ & ! he>t1     
conc]n+ ^? means4  ,?us1 al?\gh ! f9al  
effect is n directly nam$ till ! s*eme (
 ! spiritual creation is completely     

unfold$1 x is yet true t ! :ole ( !     
,scriptures f beg9n+ to end has relation
 to man's immortality4  #d  ,n only did 
! philosophy ( ,greece & ,rome fail to  
sub/antiate ! reality ( an immortal     
exi/5ce2 o!r philosophical sy/ems1 z    
well ! my/ical conceptions ( ,ea/]n     
nations1 z ! metaphysical speculations (
 mod]n ,europe1 h equally fail$ to      
arrive at c]ta9ty respect+ ?is v]ity4   
,n[1 x w be f\nd1 ,i ?9k1 to be e/abli%$
 by ! argum5t ( ?is essay1 t 9 all ^!   
in/ances ! cause ( failure is ! same4   
,! doctr9e _c1 9 fact1 be und]/ood &    
believ$ )\t an und]/&+ ( ! means by :i* 
! immortal _s is =m$1 & ! asc]ta9m5t (  
^? means is beyond ! p[] ( unaid$ human 
intellig5ce4 ,al?\gh ! evid5ces ( an    
immortal de/9y may be 9 u & ar\nd u1 !y 
_c be disc]n$ ap>t f enlight5m5t by a   
div9e revelation z to ! purpose & end ( 
! :ole creation4  ,! ,scriptures ( !    
,old & ,new ,te/am5ts pr(ess to be a    
revelation ( ! m9d & w ( ! ,creator (   
all ?+s4  ,if !y are really su*1 !y mu/ 

be capable ( giv+ ! in=mation :i*1 z    
said above1 is necess>y = c]tify+ !     
doctr9e ( man's immortality4 ,i %all1   
!re=e1 ) express ref]5ce to ! title ( ! 
essay1 fir/ make ! hypo!sis t !         
,scriptures are inde$ a revelation f    
,god1 writt5 to reveal ,8 w & ,8 acts1 &
 on ?is gr\nd ,i %all proce$ to inquire 
:at in=mation c be d]iv$ f !m respect+ !
 #e creation ( ! _s ( man = an immortal 
de/9y4  ,! "* ( ! in=mation obta9$ may  
possibly suffice to e/abli% bo? ! tru? (
 ! hypo!sis & ! c]ta9ty ( ! doctr9e (   
immortality4  ,be=e comm5c+ ! argum5t1 x
 w be well to /ate on :at pr9ciples1 &  
accord+ to :at rules1 ,scripture w be   
cit$ = conduct+ x4  ,x w be suppos$ t ! 
,holy ,scriptures1 z a :ole1 consi/ (   
words ( ,god writt5 = our sakes2 &      
al?\gh !y 7 writt5 by human au?ors1 "u  
div]se circum/ances1 & 9 v>i\s ages1 !  
sev]al p>ts are /ill to be reg>d$ z hav+
 virtually b "o au?or1 ! ,holy ,_s1 & z 
con/itut+ on t acc\nt a consi/5t :ole4  
,?is view is almo/ necessitat$ by !     

noticeable circum/ance t v little       
in=mation is giv5 9 ! ,scriptures       
!mselves respect+ ! au?ors ( ! writ+s1  
or ! "t & place ( _! composition4  ,?is 
is true1 = in/ance1 ( su* c>d9al books z
 ! f\r ,gospels4  ,respect+ ^! matt]s   
en\gh is said to %[ t human h&s h be5   
employ$ to write ! books ( ,scripture1  
:ile s mu* has be5 left unsaid t we mu/ 
inf] t ?is k9d ( in=mation is ( little  
mom5t by reason ( ! int]nal evid5ce !   
,scriptures conta9 ( _! div9e au?or%ip4 
,su* evid5ce1 x seems to me1 is         
especially giv5 by ! fact t !           
,scriptures pres5t a fai?ful transcript 
( #f ! _w z x has be5 & is1 9 respect to
 ! calamities1 w>s1 & revolutions t h   
befall5 nations1 & ^? weaknesses &      
wick$nesses ( individuals & peoples1 !  
acc\nts ( :i* are s great a /umbl+-block
 to ! un/able & ! unle>n$4  ,^! v       
acc\nts1 x is possible1 may be int5d$ to
 tell u1 if rightly inquir$ into1 :y ^! 
?+s are s1 :y !re is evil 9 ! _w1 & :at 
%all be ! end ( x4  ,! _w has exi/$1 x  

is believ$1 ne>ly six ?\s& ye>s1 & at   
?is day we see t _m suff] f sorr[ & pa91
 lab\r & pov]ty are ! lot ( a v l>ge    
proportion ( ! populations1 calamities  
by fire & wat] are frequ5t1 plague &    
pe/il5ce /ill visit ! e>?1 cruelty &    
murd]s are rife1 & s f> f !re be+ an end
 ( w>s1 nev] be=e h m5 fabricat$ su*    
pot5t implem5ts = kill+ ea* o!r4  ,su*  
facts z ^! con/itute1 aft] all1 !       
difficulties :i* beset humanity1 & x may
 be presum$ t1 ) ! int5t ( acc\nt+ = _! 
exi/5ce1 !y are put on record 9 ! ^w (  
,god4  ,on ! broad pr9ciple t ! ,au?or (
 a _w l ?is w h v\*saf$ reasons = its   
be+ su* z x is1 ,i accept ! ,scriptures 
( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts z ! ^w ( ,god 
writt5 = ?is v purpose1 & in/ead (      
cavill+1 z "s d1 at difficulties :i*    
probably h no o!r f\ndation ?an _! own  
ignorance1 x w be my #g endeav\r to make
 use ( ,scripture = expla9+ !           
p]plexities & difficulties :i* actually 
surr\nd ! facts ( human exp]i5ce4  ,!   
discussion ( ! p>ticul> "q ,i h tak5 9  

h& w give occasion = employ+ !          
,scriptures 9 ?is mann]1 & 9 do+ s ,i   
%all quote f all p>ts indiscrim9ately1  
reg>d+ ! :ole z suffici5tly au?oritative
 & tru/wor?y = ! purposes ( ! argum5t4  
,! above-m5tion$ g5]al purpose !        
,scriptures may be suppos$ to be        
adequate to fulfil1 :e!r z express$ 9 ! 
,hebrew tongue1 or 9 t ( ! ,septuag9t1  
or z translat$ 9 ! ,engli% v]sion1      
not)/&+ t1 z mu/ be admitt$1 faults (   
transcription1 or translation1 or       
int]pretation h giv5 rise to _m v]bal   
errors4 ,b ! difficulties produc$ by ^! 
imp]fections are ( slight importance 9  
comp>ison ) ! great difficulty (        
discov]+ h[ & on :at pr9ciples to       
int]pret ! ,scriptures s z to d]ive f !m
 ! p>ticul> doctr9es !y are design$ to  
tea*4  ,amid ! great div]sity ( views t 
exi/s relative to modes ( int]pretation1
 x may safely be ma9ta9$ t ! =emo/ &    
*ief requisite = mak+ true d$uctions f !
 ,scriptures is to h confid5ce 9 !m z   
be+ depositions ( ,div9e wisdom4  ,m5 ( 

sci5ce1 9 _! endeav\rs to discov] !     
secrets ( ,nature1 are baffl$ aga9 &    
aga91 & yet by little & #h little !y    
obta9 accessions to k j because !y nev] 
d\bt b t ,nature1 if rightly int]rogat$1
 w give !m true answ]s4  ,x seems1      
!re=e1 reasonable to expect t ! words ( 
,god1 h&l$ on pr9ciples analog\s to ^?  
:i* h be5 successfully appli$ 9 acquir+ 
k ( ,8 works1 might be f\nd capable (   
answ]+ ! h>d que/ions :i* are n[1 m1    
p]haps1 ?an 9 pa/ times1 agitat+ m5's   
m9ds4  ,?is philosophy1 hav+ a sur]     
basis ?an t ( any m]e human intellectual
 sy/em1 might be expect$ to succe$ :]e  
^! h fail$4  ,! be>+ ( ^! rem>ks on !   
ma9 subject ( ! essay w be se5 z we g   
on4  ,comm5c+ n[1 aft] ! =ego+          
prelim9>ies1 ! g5]al argum5t1 ,i rem>k1 
9 ! fir/ place1 t s9ce1 z matt] ( fact1 
all m5 die1 !y _c p>take ( immortality  
unless !y are re/or$ to life aft] dea?4 
,we h1 !re=e1 to inquire bo? z to :at ! 
,scriptures say conc]n+ dea?1 & :at !y  
reveal conc]n+ resurrection4  ,aga91 x  

may be tak5 = grant$ t z 9 ! natural _w1
 s 9 ! spiritual _w1 ! ,creator ( all   
?+s effects ,8 purposes by op]at+       
accord+ to laws4  ,on ?is pr9ciple ,/4  
,paul 9 ,rom4 viii4 #b speaks ( ! law ( 
s9 & dea?1 mean+ t s9 & dea? are        
inv>iably relat$ to ea* o!r z antec$5t &
 consequ5t4  ,by an irrevocable law #i  
dea? is orda9$ to be ! wages ( s9 7,rom4
 vi4 #bc74  ,( ourselves we c judge t x 
does n consi/ ) ! p[] & wisdom ( an     
omnipot5t & omnisci5t ,creator t ! s9ful
 %\ld live = ev]4 ,b if ?is be s1 x mu/ 
evid5tly be true also t immortality1 be+
 exemption f dea?1 is ! consequ5ce (    
fre$om f s91 t is1 ( p]fect             
righte\sness4  ,?is is z necess>y a law 
z ! o!r4  ,h5ce ! inquiry respect+ !    
means by :i* man is made immortal       
resolves itself into inquir+ by :at     
means he is made righte\s2 &1 z ! fir/  
/ep 9 ?is inquiry1 we h to consid] :at  
,scripture says conc]n+ ! entrance ( s9 
& dea? into ! _w4  ,if s9 be def9$ to be
 do+ :at is contr>y to ! w ( ,god1 z    

express$ by a comm&1 righte\sness1 be+  
its opposite1 w consi/ 9 act+ accord+ to
 ,8 w4  ,h5ce s9 & righte\sness bo?     
imply t a revelation ( ! w ( ,god has   
be5 antec$5tly made1 ei!r directly by a 
comm& or law1 or by ! voice ( consci5ce4
  ,x is on ?is pr9ciple t ,/4 ,paul     
says1 ap>t f law s9 is dead 7,rom4 vii4 
#h71 & 9 ano!r place speaks ( !         
righte\sness ( ! law be+ fulfill$ 7,rom4
 viii4 #d74  ,accord+ly1 :5 ,adam 0     
plac$ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,ed51 a comm& 0        
expressly giv5 him = trial ( 8 ob$i5ce4 
#aj  ,! n>rative 9 ,scripture ( !       
circum/ances "u :i* s9 0 fir/ committ$  
is des]v+ ( special consid]ation on     
acc\nt ( ! in/ruction x conveys4  ,x    
/ates t ,eve1 kn[+ t ,god _h comm&$     
,adam n to eat ( ! tree ( ! k ( good &  
evil1 yet1 be+ deceiv$ by ! s]p5t &     
entic$ by h] own desires1 took ( ! fruit
 !re(1 & did eat1 & gave also to h]     
husb& ) h]1 & he did eat 7,g54 iii4 #f74
  ,?us1 z ,/4 ,paul writes1 ,adam 0 n   
deceiv$1 b ! woman be+ deceiv$ 0 9 !    

transgression 7#a ,tim4 ii4 #ad74  ,b   
bo? p>took ( ! =bidd5 fruit1 & by s do+ 
bo? s9n$ alike aga9/ _! ,mak]1 ! de$ be+
 s9ful1 n z consid]$ by itself1 b by    
reason ( ! antec$5t comm&1 :i* made x an
 act ( disob$i5ce4  ,if we assume t !   
acc\nt ( ,eve's temptation is to be tak5
 z lit]ally true1 s t ! tempt] _h       
actually ! =m ( a s]p5t & address$ to h]
 spok5 words1 ^! facts w h to be reg>d$ 
z altoge!r miracul\s4  ,!re are good    
reasons = admitt+ ?is view1 :5 x is     
consid]$1 fir/1 t ! in=mation :i* ?is   
portion ( ,scripture gives equally      
conc]ns all ( e age1 & 9 ord] t x might 
be intelligible to all1 x 0 necess>y t 9
 ! infancy ( ! _w x %\ld be convey$ by  
objective repres5tation2 &1 aga91 t     
v>i\s in/ances are met ) 9 ! ,bible (   
analog\s #aa tea*+ ( ess5tial doctr9e by
 means ( miracles4  ,! translation (    
,eno*1 ! ,deluge1 ! de/ruction ( ,sodom1
 ! plagues ( ,egypt & deliv]ance (      
,israel1 ! giv+ ( ! law f ,s9ai1 !      
passage ( ,jordan1 ! asc5sion ( ,elijah1

 & ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 are all      
symbolic miracles1 ! int]pretations (   
:i* h intimate relation to ! doctr9e (  
man's immortality4  ,?is be+ und]/ood1  
,i %all proce$ to discuss p>ticul>ly !  
mean+ ( ! ,scriptural acc\nt ( ! beg9n+ 
( s9 ?r\gh temptation by ! s]p5t1 & on !
 supposition t ! facts z record$ are    
real b symbolic1 ,i %all endeav\r to    
d$uce f !m _! doctr9al signification4   
,! fir/ "q to consid] is1 ,:y is !      
tempt+ _s call$ a s]p5t8  ,! ,scripture 
affirms t ! s]p5t 0 m subtil            
7phronimatos7 ?an any bea/ ( ! field    
7,g54 iii4 #a72 & our ,"l1 address+ 8   
apo/les1 said1 ,lo1 ,i s5d y z %eep 9 ! 
mid/ ( wolves2 be ye1 !re=e1 wise       
7phronimoi7 z s]p5ts1 & h>mless z doves4
  ,yet1 z we "k1 ! s]p5t is n end[$ 9   
any special mann] ) sagacity or reason4 
,! fact is1 ! epi!t subtil is appli$ to 
! s]p5t ) ref]5ce to its =m & movem5ts1 
:i* convey ! ab/ract idea ( subtlety on 
! same pr9ciple t ! words tortu\s &     
twi/+ h an ab/ract mean+ :5 we speak (  

tortu\s policy1 #ab or twi/+ ! mean+ ( a
 s5t5ce4  ,n[ ?is subtle entity--?is    
s]p5t--al?\gh pres5t$ to ,eve 9 bodily  
=m1 0 n ! less t _s ( evil1 ! p]sonal   
exi/5ce ( :i*1 on ! hypo!sis t !        
,scriptures are true1 z well z its      
influ5ce on human m9ds1 mu/ be admitt$4 
,accord+ly our fir/ p>5ts 7 tempt$ by   
:at ,/4 ,paul calls ! wiles 7tas        
me?odeias7 ( ! devil 7,eph4 vi4 #aa74   
,aga91 ! /atem5t 9 ,g54 iii4 #f1 t :5 ! 
woman saw t ! tree 0 good = food1 & t x 
0 pleasant to ! eyes1 & a tree to be    
desir$ to make "o wise1 %e took ( !     
fruit !re(1 & did eat1 is 9 accordance )
 :at ,/4 ,john tea*es z to ! lu/ ( !    
fle%1 ! lu/ ( ! eyes1 & ! pride ( life1 
be+ oppos$ to do+ ! w ( ,god 7#a ,john  
ii4 #af1 #ag74  ,also1 z we h se51 ,adam
 0 associat$ ) a p>tn]1 :o1 hav+ be5    
ov]come1 9 consequ5ce ( su* desires1 by 
! wiles ( ,satan1 committ$ s91 & !n     
induc$ h] husb& to d ! same4  ,?us1 s9ce
 ! _w at t "t consi/$ ( ^! two          
individuals1 x is an obvi\s inf]5ce1 z  

well z "o ( great significance1 t ,adam 
0 tempt$ j z all 8 (fspr+ are--t is1 by 
! _w1 ! fle%1 & ! devil--&1 z all 8     
(fspr+ d1 yield$ to ! temptation4       
,al?\gh ,adam 0 creat$ 9 ! image ( 8    
,mak] 9 respect to be+ end[$ ) p[]s (   
#ac und]/&+ & reason+1 & al?\gh he 0    
made capable ( le>n+ & do+ righte\sness1
 he 0 n orig9ally made righte\s1 =asmu* 
z he s9n$3 b ^? :om ,god makes righte\s 
s9 no m1 because all ! works ( ,god are 
p]fect4 ,! fir/ man ,adam 0 made a liv+ 
s\l1 ! brea? ( life be+ brea!d into 8   
no/rils 7,g54 ii4 #g74  ,he ?us p>took (
 natural life1 b n ( spiritual life4    
,he 01 z ,/4 ,paul says1 ( ! e>?1 e>?y1 
& all we :o are desc5d$ f him be> !     
image ( ! e>?y 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #dg1 #di74 
,! m9d 7to phronma7 ( ?is natural man is
 at enmity ) ,god1 & nei!r is1 nor c be1
 subject to ! law ( ,god 7,rom4 viii4   
#g74  ,?is acc\nts = our p]ceiv+ 9      
*ildr5 f _! v infancy a _s ( disob$i5ce1
 ?is _s be+ d]iv$ ?r\gh natural desc5t f
 t :i* our fir/ p>5ts exhibit$ 9 !      

infancy ( ! _w4 ,! au?or ( ! ,apocryphal
 ,book1 #b ,esdras1 writes3 ,! fir/ man 
,adam1 be>+ a wick$ he>t1 transgress$1 &
 0 ov]come2 & s be all !y t are born (  
him 7iii4 #ba74  ,9 ! ,wisdom ( ,solomon
 ?is passage occurs3 ,wisdom pres]v$ !  
fir/ =m$ fa!r ( ! _w1 t 0 creat$ alone1 
& br\ght him out ( 8 fall 7x4 #a74 ,b x 
is to be rem>k$ t ! ^w "h translat$ fall
 is p>aptma1 ! same ^w t ,/4 ,paul uses 
9 ,rom4 iv4 #be & v4 #af1 to designate  
our transgressions4 #ad ,crud5 9 8      
,concordance gives "u ! ^w fall an      
elaborate /atem5t ( receiv$ views       
respect+ ! fall ( man1 al?\gh t ^w1 z ! 
,concordance %[s1 does n once occur 9 ! 
,canonical ,scriptures 9 any relation to
 ! s9 ( ,adam4  ,x is v notewor?y t aft]
 ! acc\nt ( ,adam's s9 9 ,g5esis1 no    
express m5tion is made ( x 9 subsequ5t  
,canonical ,books1 till we come to !    
fif? *apt] ( ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to !   
,romans1 :]e ! introduction ( s9 into ! 
_w by "o man is prom95tly adduc$ 9 an   
argum5tative passage :i* appe>s to me to

 h be5 mu* misund]/ood4#a  ,! reason t a
 fact :i* is s ess5tial an elem5t 9     
!ological sy/ems is s little adv]t$ to 9
 ! ,scriptures1 ,i consid] to be1 t ^!  
sy/ems h hi!rto n recogniz$ an analogy  
:i* may be presum$ to exi/ betwe5 ,god's
 natural creation & ,8 spiritual        
creation4  ,f :at is /at$ 9 ,g5esis i4 &
 ii4 !re is reason to say t ! natural   
creation 0 at its beg9n+ )\t =m1 & d>k1 
& unfurni%$1 & t by ! p[] ( ! ,creator1 
op]at+1 we may presume1 accord+ to laws1
 x 0 br\ght into ! /ate ( ord]1 light1 &
 adornm5t 7kosmos7 :i* we n[ behold4    
,h5ce1 argu+ f analogy1 we #ae might    
inf] t ! spiritual creation has its     
beg9n+ 9 ! reign ( s9 & dea?1 & t by !  
p[] ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 op]at+ accord+ to   
law on our spirits1 x has its           
consummation 9 ! e/abli%m5t (           
righte\sness & life4  ,?is analogical   
inf]5ce suffices1 ,i ?9k1 to expla9 :y1 
aft] ! brief initial acc\nt ( ! entrance
 ( s9 & dea? into ! _w1 ! purport ( !   
:ole ( ,scripture is to record !        

subsequ5t preval5ce ( s91 & to reveal by
 :at means grace ab\nd$ 9 ! gift (      
righte\sness1 & h[ x ab\nd$ all ! m     
because ! law ( s9 & dea? pass$ f "o man
 ^u all m5 7,rom4 v4 #ab74 ,! apo/le    
,paul argues t :]eas dea? reign$ ?r\gh  
"o1 mu* r %all !y :o receive ! abundance
 ( grace & ( ! gift ( righte\sness reign
 9 life ?r\gh "o ,jesus ,*ri/ 7,rom4 v4 
#ag72 & 9 accordance ) ?is doctr9e he   
adds 7v4 #bj71 ,! law ent]$ by ! way    
7p>eisl57 9 ord] t ! (f5ce might ab\nd1 
b :]e s9 ab\nd$ grace did mu* m ab\nd4  
,x seems impossible to draw f su*       
s5t5ces z ^! any o!r inf]5ce ?an t1     
accord+ to ! s*eme ( ! spiritual        
creation1 ! reign ( s9 & dea? is !      
necess>y antec$5t ( ! evolution ( life f
 righte\sness4  ,! apo/le sums up 8     
argum5t by say+ 7v4 #ai71 ,= z by !     
disob$i5ce ( "o man ! _m 7 made s9n]s1 s
 also by ! ob$i5ce #af ( "o %all ! _m be
 made righte\s 7dikaioi kata/atsontai oi
 polloi74  ,x is evid5t t ! _m "h       
includes all t are born 9 ! _w1 9       

contradi/9ction to ! "o1 ,adam1 :o 0    
creat$1 & f :om all h desc5d$ by natural
 g5]ation4  ,n[1 consid]+ t righte\sness
 & life1 z necess>ily z _! opposites s9 
& dea?1 are relat$ to ea* o!r by law z  
antec$5t & consequ5t1 ! above revelation
 t all w be made righte\s is z direct an
 ass]tion ( ! immortality ( all m5 z    
c\ld possibly be made4  ,x is1 !re=e1 ( 
! greate/ mom5t1 z reg>ds our argum5t1  
to asc]ta9 on :at gr\nds we are told t  
all w ev5tually be made righte\s ?r\gh !
 ob$i5ce ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & :at is !     
exact mean+ ( ?is doctr9e4  ,! purpose (
 ?is essay w be completely fulfill$ if x
 %\ld be %[n t ^! que/ions admit ( be+  
satisfactorily answ]$4  ,b be=e attempt+
 to d ?is1 x is necess>y to h a precise 
und]/&+ ( ! previ\s ass]tion t ?r\gh    
,adam's disob$i5ce ! _m 7 made s9n]s4   
,?is prelim9>y inquiry ,i n[ proce$ to  
ent] ^u4  ,if we adopt ! view express$ 9
 a passage already quot$ 7#b ,esdras    
iii4 #ba71 we %all1 9 effect1 admit t ! 
transgression ( ,adam 0 ! consequ5ce ( 8

 be>+ a wick$ he>t1 & t all :o are born 
( him s9 because by natural g5]ation !y 
#ag h receiv$ f him ! same wick$ he>t4  
,accord+ to ?is view x mu/ be suppos$ t 
! wick$ he>t is 9 respect to goodness a 
tabula rasa1 & t till goodness be =m$ 9 
x1 x is l$ by natural desires to d evil4
  ,c]ta9ly ! moral ph5om5a exhibit$ by v
 "y *ildr5 accord ) ?is supposition2 & x
 may reasonably be presum$ t ,/4 ,paul1 
9 giv+ to ! ,romans1 to :om he _h n     
p]sonally prea*$1 a synoptical /atem5t (
 ! doctr9es he 0 accu/om$ to tea*1 did n
 set be=e !m ! ,scriptural acc\nt ( !   
introduction & preval5ce ( s9 9 any     
mann] n intelligible to ord9>y m9ds f   
common exp]i5ce4  ,:at !n are we to     
und]/& by ! ass]tion t ?r\gh !          
disob$i5ce ( "o man ! _m 7 made s9n]s8  
,9 answ] to ?is "q x is to be said t !  
^w p>ako may be tak5 9 ?is passage to   
signify disob$i5ce ab/ract$ly1 & n a    
special act ( disob$i5ce1 because upako 
9 ! next clause does n require to be    
tak5 9 a specific s5se1 b r z ref]r+ to 

t holy _s :i* 0 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 virtue
 ( :i* 8 w 0 always 9 subjection to ! w 
( 8 heav5ly ,fa!r1 & he became ob$i5t   
unto dea?4  ,accord+ to ?is             
int]pretation1 disob$i5ce is "h put = t 
wick$ness ( he>t ! antec$5t exi/5ce (   
:i* ! s9 ( ,adam gave #ah evid5ce (1 &  
:i*1 by be+ transmitt$ f fa!r to son    
?r\gh natural g5]ation1 has made all m5 
s9n]s1 to ! end t all may be ev5tually  
made righte\s by spiritual g5]ation4  ,x
 is true t ! s9 ( ,adam1 be+ ! fir/     
violation ( a comm& receiv$ f ,god1 fir/
 made disob$i5ce an objective reality1 &
 t ?us s9 ent]$ into ! _w4  ,b al?\gh   
actual transgression _h ?is beg9n+1 x   
does n foll[ t ! pron5ess ( ! he>t ( man
 to transgress 0 cont+5t on ,adam's s91 
or !reby came into exi/5ce4  ,on ! o!r  
h&1 x w probably be urg$ t to ascribe   
its exi/5ce to any o!r cause is to make 
,god ! au?or ( s94  ,9 answ] to ?is     
objection x may be said t if x 7 valid z
 reg>ds ,god's moral ess5ce1 "o might ) 
z good reason urge t x 0 inconsi/5t ) ,8

 p[] & intellig5ce t ! natural creation 
%\ld h its beg9n+ 9 d>kness & *aos4     
,h[ev]1 :e!r or n ?is view be accept$1  
,i %all assume t ! reality ( ! natural  
wick$ness ( ! human he>t is admitt$1 &  
consequ5tly ! rema9d] ( ! argum5t1      
inasmu* z x has ref]5ce to ! means by   
:i* ! wick$ he>t is subdu$ & made       
righte\s1 w 9 ei!r case be ! same4  ,!  
relation ( "o to _m1 consid]$ only z a  
natural fact1 is s peculi> & ess5tial an
 #ai elem5t 9 ! pa/ hi/ory & progressive
 developm5t ( ! human race1 t x might   
well be suppos$ to be specially         
significant ) respect to _! future      
de/9y2 &1 9 fact1 ,/4 ,paul has taught u
 to draw ! reasonable inf]5ce t :]eas   
?r\gh ! fir/ ,adam ! _m1 by a law f :i* 
!y _c rid !mselves1 h be5 made s9n]s1   
=tiori ?r\gh a second ,adam ! _m w be   
made righte\s4  ,! c\rse ( our argum5t1 
consequ5tly1 n[ dem&s an inquiry z to ! 
means by :i* ! _m w be made             
7kata/a?sontai7 righte\s ?r\gh ! ob$i5ce
 ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,! future t5se is     

p>ticul>ly to be notic$4  ,z soon z x 0 
%[n by ! s9 ( ,adam t ! natural man is  
incapable ( ob$i5ce to ! w ( ,god1 a    
preorda9$ disp5sation 0 begun1 :]eby !  
natural man is conv]t$ into ! spiritual 
man & made fit = immortality4  ,?is     
disp5sation 0 introduc$ by a promise1 ! 
t]ms ( :i* c\ld be und]/ood by ,adam &  
,eve aft] !y _h le>n$ t ! _s ( evil 79  
:om is ! p[] ( dea?7 ?r\gh _! disob$i5ce
 br\ght dea? into ! _w4  ,! promise 0   
giv5 9 ! words he 7autos1 ,sept47 %all  
bruise ?y head1 & ?\ %alt bruise 8 heel 
7,g54 iii4 #ae74  ,hebrew comm5tators h1
 ,i ?9k1 rightly tak5 ?is passage 9 !   
s5se--he 7! se$ ( ! woman7 %all bruise  
!e at ?y end+1 & ?\ %alt bruise him at 8
 #bj beg9n+4  ,! promise1 accord+ly1    
signifies t ! p[] ( ,satan w\ld prevail 
at fir/1 & = a "t1 ev5 to putt+ to dea? 
! ,son ( ,god 7,luke xxii4 #ec71 b t 9 !
 end t p[] w\ld by ! ,son ( ,god be     
ov]come 7,luke x4 #ah74  ,& s9ce ) !    
victory ov] ! _s ( evil an end is put to
 evil itself1 ! promise is1 9 effect1 t 

,adam & 8 race %all ev5tually be exempt 
f dea? & evil1 & p>take ( a happy       
immortality4  ,b 9 ! v next s5t5ce      
conditions are annex$ 7,g54 iii4        
#af-ai74  ,because ( ! imp]fection ( !  
natural man1 & 8 opposition1 ?r\gh !    
subtlety ( ,satan & ! desires ( ! fle%1 
to ! w ( 8 ,mak]1 lab\r & sorr[1 pa9 &  
dea?1 7 orda9$ to be 8 lot1 9 ord] t he 
may !reby be made meet to p>take ( !    
promise4  ,x is by reason ( ^!          
conditions t ! promise becomes1 9       
effect1 a cov5ant1 9 :i* ( necessity two
 p>ties are conc]n$3 ,god on ,8 "p      
promises happ9ess & immortality1 b to be
 receiv$ only on ! above-/at$           
conditions2 & man's "p is to submit to !
 conditions1 z be+ ord]$ by a fai?ful   
,creator1 & to look 9 fai? = ! fulfilm5t
 ( ! promise4  ,"h1 !n1 are all !       
ess5tials ( a cov5ant1 except+ surety = 
its fulfilm5t1 :i* on ackn[l$g$         
pr9ciples ( ju/ice might be ask$ = by   
man1 see+ t he has to satisfy !         
conditions be=e he enjoys ! b5efit4     

,su* security is amply #ba giv5 by ,god1
 z w be %[n 9 ! sequel ( ! argum5t4  ,9 
%ort1 ?is cov5ant admits ( be+ describ$ 
9 t]ms exactly suit$ to human cov5ants1 
because ! provid5ce ( ,god has s ord]$  
^!1 t1 toge!r ) o!r purposes1 !y answ]  
?is1 ! pr9cipal "o1 ( mak+ intelligible 
! div9e cov5ant4  ,?is same cov5ant     
might ) m exactness be call$ a w1 or    
te/am5t1 because f its v conditions !   
b5efit x conf]s _c be receiv$ till aft] 
dea? 7see ,heb4 ix4 #af1 #ag74  ,also1  
because ?is cov5ant$ promise runs ?r\gh 
! :ole ( ! ,scriptures1 !y h be5        
appropriately nam$ ! ,scriptures ( !    
,old ,te/am5t & ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 n1   
h[ev]1 z signify+ t ! ,old ,te/am5t is  
sup]s$$ by ! ,new1 b t x reveals an     
e>li] /age ( developm5t ( ! same        
cov5ant4  ,! "* & purpose ( ?is cov5ant 
began to be unfold$ at ! ?re%old ( !    
_w's hi/ory1 on ! occasion ( (f]+s be+  
br\ght to ,god by ,ca9 & ,abel4  ,abel's
 (f]+ consi/$ ( ! fir/l+s ( 8 flock & ! 
fat !re(1 & 01 !re=e1 prop] = express+1 

by visible tok5s1 ! "* ( ! cov5ant 9    
?ree ess5tial p>ticul>s3 fir/1 t x is a 
cov5ant ( life1 ! animals *os5 af=d+    
food1 & t ( ! *oice/ k9d1 = support+    
life2 secondly1 t ! cov5ant$ life is    
ent]$ ^u aft] dea?1 ! animals be+ sla9  
#bb = food2 ?irdly1 t pa9 & dea?1       
al?\gh1 accord+ to law1 consequ5t ^u s91
 7 orda9$1 n alone = ! judicial puni%m5t
 ( s91 ! animals t 7 sla9 be+ h>mless1 b
 = r5d]+ ! _s ( man meet to p>take ( !  
future life4  ,abel 0 himself 9 8 dea? !
 fir/ witness 7m>tus7 to ?is tru?1 & by 
! same means _m *os5 s]vants ( ,god h   
be5 purifi$ & made :ite 7,dan4 xii4     
#aj74  ,! (f]+ ( ,ca9 0 also prop] =    
food1 b z consi/+ ( fruits ( ! gr\nd1 x 
0 n1 l ,abel's1 susceptible ( any mean+ 
relative to ! cov5ant4  ,grace 0 giv5 to
 ,abel to select an (f]+ :i*1 z be+     
significant ( ! cov5ant1 0 accept$ by   
,god2 b ! same grace 0 n giv5 to ,ca94  
,! ,"l _h respect to ,abel & to 8 (f]+3 
b to ,ca9 & to 8 (f]+ ,he _h n respect4 
,! n>rative goes on to say t because !  

,"l _h n ! same respect to ,ca9's (f]+ z
 to ,abel's1 ,ca9 0 v wro?1 & 8         
c\nt5ance fell1 & t on ?is acc\nt he 0  
rebuk$4  ,x %\ld be notic$ t ! t]ms ( ! 
rebuke h no ref]5ce to ! *oice ( (f]+1 b
 to do+ well1 imply+ t ,ca9's conduct 0 
n righte\s l t ( ,abel4  ,to quiet 8    
tr\bl$ _s1 he is told t x is ,god's     
pleasure t he %\ld /& t[>ds 8 bro!r 9 ! 
relation ( protector & rul]4  ,ca9      
repudiat$ ?is relation #bc & slew 8     
bro!r1 act+ ?us z ! unrighte\s _w1 ( :om
 he may be reg>d$ z ! repres5tative1 h  
always act$ t[>ds ,god's elect1 :om     
,abel typifi$4  ,^! rem>ks w aft]w>ds be
 se5 to be> on ! g5]al argum5t4  ,!     
di/9ction :i* ,god made betwe5 ! (f]+s (
 ,ca9 & ,abel1 & ,8 express approval (  
,abel's (f]+1 might s]ve to make kn[n1  
at ! "t & 9 succe$+ g5]ations1 ! purport
 ( ! promise made orig9ally to ,adam1 & 
! orda9$ conditions ( its fulfilm5t4 ,9 
fact1 ! special acceptance by ,god (    
,abel's (f]+ may be look$ ^u z ! prim>y 
in/itution ( sacrifice4  ,! rese>*es (  

m5 ( le>n+ h abundantly %[n t !         
sacrific+ ( animals 0 a v anci5t &      
wide-spread religi\s practice1 b h left 
altoge!r unexpla9$ h[ x orig9at$1 & :5ce
 arose ! cu/om ( ratify+ a cov5ant      
betwe5 man & man by kill+ animals2 = :at
 reason also ! slay+ ( innocu\s &       
helpless victims came to be ! pr9cipal  
act ( religi\s wor%ip among ! ,jews1 &  
:y x 0 ?\ght among ! ,g5tiles t su*     
sacrifices pleas$ ! gods4 ,^! que/ions d
 n appe> to admit ( answ]s ap>t f       
in=mation d]iv$ f ,scripture4  ,! answ]s
 w1 ,i ?9k1 be f\nd to be giv5 by :at1 9
 reliance on su* aid1 has be5 already   
said1 & by :at rema9s to be said1 #bd   
respect+ ! cov5ant ( immortality4  ,x is
 q possible t1 z has happ5$ ) respect to
 o!r practices1 t ( sacrific+ animals 0 
cont9u$ long aft] its orig9al           
signification ceas$ to be und]/ood4     
,?is may be affirm$ ( ! ratify+ (       
cov5ants by kill+ victims 7:i* no sane  
p]son n[adays w\ld ?9k ( do+71 & g5]ally
 ( ! sacrifices (f]$ by ,g5tile nations 

9 hon\r ( _! gods1 :i* ev5tually became 
m]e matt]s ( cu/om1 )\t any di/9ct      
appreciation ( _! intr9sic mean+4  ,9   
su* cases all clue f tradition or hi/ory
 fails1 & ! explanation ( ! s\rces ( !  
practices c be look$ = only 9 ! records 
( ,scripture4  ,x might1 h[ev]1 be      
que/ion$ :e!r ,abel himself1 9 mak+ 8   
(f]+1 und]/ood t x _h ! symbolic mean+s 
ascrib$ to x above4  ,! answ] to ?is    
inquiry1 giv5 on ! au?ority ( :at is    
said 9 ,heb4 xi4 #d1 w\ld seem to be t  
he did s und]/& x1 inasmu* z x is /at$ t
 he br\ght an acceptable (f]+ by fai?1  
&1 accord+ to ,heb4 xi4 #a1 fai? may be 
def9$ to be an intellig5t belief &      
hopeful expectation ( ! cov5ant$ life4  
,also1 z be>+ on ?is "q1 x may be       
m5tion$ t 9 passages ( ,scripture :]e   
,abel is subsequ5tly spok5 ( 7z ,matt4  
xxiii4 #he1 ,heb4 xi4 #d1 #a ,john iii4 
#ab71 8 righte\sness is specially ref]r$
 to4  ,n[1 s9ce to d righte\sness #be is
 to d :at is pleas+ to ,god1 &1 z we are
 told 9 ,heb4 xi4 #f1 )\t fai? x is     

impossible to please ,god1 x foll[s t   
,abel's righte\sness 0 ! consequ5ce ( 8 
fai?4  ,9 fact1 accord+ to ,/4 ,paul's  
tea*+1 fai? & righte\sness are by law   
relat$ to ea* o!r z antec$5t & consequ5t
 7,rom4 iii4 #bg1 #bh74  ,consequ5tly we
 may "h draw an inf]5ce :i* =ms an      
ess5tial "p ( ! g5]al argum5t =         
immortality4  ,= s9ce we h admitt$1 z a 
necess>y & self-evid5t pr9ciple1 t      
righte\sness is ! f\ndation (           
immortality1 & ,scripture pres5ts to u 9
 ,abel an in/ance ( ! atta9m5t (        
righte\sness by fai?1 x foll[s t fai? is
 a means ( p>tak+ ( immortality4  ,?is  
doctr9e w be f>!r treat$ ( 9 ! sequel2 b
 9 ! mean "t x w be well to expla9 t ,i 
consid] righte\sness to consi/ 9 ob$i5ce
 by ^w & de$ to ! royal law accord+ to  
:i*1 9 a p]fect social /ate1 e "o w\ld d
 to o!rs z he w\ld t !y %\ld d to him4  
,?is relation betwe5 man & man %\ld1 ,i 
?9k1 r be call$ righte\sness ?an        
morality1 because ! latt] ^w is d]iv$ f 
mores 7mann]s71 & does n etymologically 

d5ote rectitude1 :]eas ! ,greek ^w =    
righte\sness 7dikaiosun7 ref]s to !     
decid+ ( :at is morally "r by a judge1 &
 ! (fice ( a judge1 z respects social   
relations1 is ! #bf highe/ t m5 are     
appo9t$ to dis*>ge t[>ds _! fell[ m54   
,x %\ld also be notic$ t ! fai? ,i am   
speak+ ( does n consi/ 9 believ+ :at is 
n und]/ood1 :i* seems to be a           
psy*ological contradiction1 b 9 believ+ 
9 consequ5ce ( und]/&+4  ,by fai? we    
und]/& t ! worlds or ages 7t\s ainas7 7 
fram$ by ! ^w ( ,god 7,heb4 xi4 #c74  ,9
 %ort1 ! fai? spok5 ( 9 ,scripture is ! 
basis ( all intellectual1 z well z ( all
 moral excell5ce1 & is inclusive ( :at  
is usually call$ tal5ts1 or gifts4  ,!  
same cov5ant1 "u diff]5t typical        
circum/ances1 0 r5ew$1 fir/ ) ,noah     
7,g54 ix4 #h-ag71 & aft]w>ds ) ,abraham 
7,g54 xvii4 #a-h74  ,! fai? ( ,noah 0   
exhibit$ n only 9 build+ an ark 9       
ob$i5ce to ,god's comm&1 b also 9       
sacrific+ clean animals on com+ out ( ! 
ark4  ,^! sacrifices1 be+ (f]$          

imm$iately aft] ! _w _h be5 de/roy$ by !
 baptism ( ! ,flood1 7 peculi>ly        
significant ( an und]/&+ & acceptance ( 
! cov5ant ( a life to come4  ,aft] !    
m5tion made 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews ( 
! fai? & ob$i5ce ( :i* ,noah gave       
evid5ce by build+ ! ark1 x is said ( him
 t he !reby became heir inh]itor ( !    
righte\sness :i* is accord+ to fai?     
7,heb4 xi4 #g74  ,su* righte\sness1 we h
 already argu$1 entitles ! possessor ( x
 to immortality4  #bg  ,s also ,abraham1
 :5 ,god promis$ t ! l& ( ,canaan %\ld  
be giv5 to 8 se$1 build$ an alt> to !   
,"l 7,g54 xii4 #g1 #h71 = ! purpose1 x  
may be presum$1 ( sacrificial wor%ip1   
te/ify+ ?us n only belief ( ! fulfilm5t 
( ! p>ticul> promise1 b fai? also 9 !   
cov5ant$ future life4  ,t ,abraham's    
fai?1 :ile he soj\rn$ 9 ,canaan1 0      
direct$ t[>ds ! exp]i5ce ( ! _w to come1
 is pla9ly decl>$ 9 ,heb4 xi4 #aj1 :]e x
 is ass]t$ t he look$ = a city hav+     
f\ndations1 ^: build] & mak] is ,god4   
,x 0 9 consequ5ce ( su* fai? t ! gift ( 

righte\sness 0 reckon$ to him z a fav\r1
 & he 0 call$ ! fri5d ( ,god 7,james ii4
 #bh74  ,n[1 ! above-m5tion$ r5ewal ( ! 
cov5ant 0 made ) ,abraham1 n solely 9   
respect to 8 be+ fa!r ( ! ,hebrew       
nation1 b 9 respect also to 8 be+       
typically fa!r ( all t believe ( all    
times & nations 7comp>e ,g54 xvii4 #a-h1
 ) ,rom4 iv4 #aa1 #af1 #ag74  ,& all ?is
 elect se$ receive1 9 common ) _!       
spiritual fa!r1 ! gift ( righte\sness   
?r\gh fai?--are sav$ by fai?2 s t !     
doctr9e t fai? is ! means :]eby ! elect 
are made meet = immortality1 :i* 0      
inf]r$ f ! hi/ory ( ,abel1 is exemplifi$
 9 a m compreh5sive mann] by :at is     
record$ ( ,abraham4  ,we h argu$ above t
 ! patri>*s ,noah #bh & ,abraham te/ifi$
 _! belief & acceptance ( ! cov5ant (   
life by sacrifice4  ,b 9 ! patri>*al    
times ! only surety = ! fulfilm5t ( !   
promise 0 ! direct ^w ( ,god4  ,) !     
exception ( :at is said ( ,mel*is$ek1 :o
 typifi$ a ,high ,prie/ to come1 no     
m5tion is made ( ! m$iation ( prie/s    

till ! prie/hood ( ,a>on 0 regul>ly     
con/itut$4  ,f t "t ! prie/ 0 m$iator   
betwe5 ,god & ! p1 & 9 virtue ( 8 (fice 
gave assurance ( ! fulfilm5t ( ! cov5ant
 to ^? :o1 by (f]+ clean animals =      
sacrifice1 signifi$ _! acceptance ( its 
conditions4  ,! prie/ gave su* assurance
 by m$iatorially receiv+ ! (f]+s1 &     
repres5t+1 by spr9kl+ ! blood ( ! sla9  
animals1 ! purify+ effect ( ! suff]+ (  
dea?4 ,aft] ! ord9ances ( ! law _h be5  
in/itut$1 ,moses said to ! p1 ,i h set  
be=e y life & dea?3 *oose life 7,deut4  
xxx4 #ai74  ,see+ t no "o c escape !    
dea? :i* is ! t]m9ation ( ! pres5t life1
 ?is *oice betwe5 life & dea? necess>ily
 ref]s to ! cov5ant$ life1 ! fulfilm5t (
 ! conditions ( :i* secures f dea? 9 !  
_w to come4  ,! au?or ( ! ,apocryphal   
,book #b ,esdras1 :o 0 wis]1 ,i ?9k1 ?an
 ! au?or ( ,! ,div9e ,legation ( ,moses1
 has %[n t he s und]/ood ! passage2 =   
aft] say+ 7vii4 #dh1 #dd71 ,! day ( doom
 %all be ! end ( ?is "t1 & ! #bi beg9n+ 
( ! immortality = to come1 :]e9         

corruption is pa/1 intemp]ance is at an 
end1 infidelity is cut (f1 righte\sness 
is gr[n1 & tru? is sprung up1 he adds 79
 v4 #ei7 ) ref]5ce to ?is description ( 
! life to come1 ,?is is ! life :]e(     
,moses spake unto ! p :ile he liv$1     
say+1 ,*oose !e life1 t ?\ maye/ live4  
,sacrifice rema9$ ! *ief symbol (       
religi\s fai? up to ! "t ( t great      
sacrifice ( ! ,son ( ,god1 ! acceptance 
( :i* by ! ,fa!r seal$ ! cov5ant (      
ev]la/+ life1 & made all o!r sureties   
sure4  ,! gr\nd ( assurance lies 9 !    
fact t ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 8 life & dea? w5t 
?r\gh all ! exp]i5ce :]eby our spirits  
are =m$ = immortality4  ,he le>n$       
ob$i5ce by ! ?+s t he suff]$ 7,heb4 v4  
#h74  ,he 0 made p]fect ?r\gh suff]+s   
7,heb4 ii4 #aj74  ,he made him to be s9 
7ham>tian2 comp>e ,gal4 iii4 #ac7 = u1  
:o knew no s91 t we might be made !     
righte\sness ( ,god 9 ,him 7#b ,cor4 v4 
#ba74  ,jo9+ ) ^! passages t rem>kable  
"o 9 :i* ,*ri/ is spok5 ( z a prie/ :o  
is made accord+ to ! p[] ( an           

indissoluble 7akatalyt\7 life 7,heb4    
vii4 #af71 x is evid5t t our community )
 him 9 suff]+1 9 dea?1 &1 z we h reason 
to hope1 9 resurrection1 is ample surety
 to u = ! fulfilm5t ( ! cov5ant (       
immortality4  ,= z dea? is ! dissolution
 ( life1 indissoluble #cj life means    
exemption f dea?1 & is1 !re=e1 id5tical 
) immortality4  ,t suff]+ 9 ! fle% is   
efficaci\s1 z is argu$ 9 ! =ego+        
doctr9e1 t[>ds do+ away ) s91 may be    
ma9ta9$ on ! au?ority bo? ( ,/4 ,paul & 
,/4 ,pet]1 ! =m] apo/le hav+ said1 ,he t
 is dead has be5 ju/ifi$ f s9 7,rom4 vi4
 #g71 & ! o!r1 ,he t has suff]$ 9 ! fle%
 has ceas$ f s9 7#a ,pet] iv4 #a74  ,b  
"h x is p>ticul>ly to be not$ t ?is     
effect is n produc$ ^u all :o suff] 9 ! 
fle%4  ,^! apo/les are speak+ ( su* z h 
fai?2 & x is only :5 suff]+ is          
accompani$ by a fai? :i* appreh5ds !    
cov5ant ( life1 & especially lays hold (
 ! surety = its fulfilm5t giv5 by !     
suff]+ & dea? ( ! ,son ( ,god1 t x      
avails to free f s94 ,! elect1 :o ?r\gh 

! grace ( ,god h su* fai?1 are drawn by 
! p]fect love1 & ! sympa?y 9 its /ricte/
 s5se1 :i* 7 manife/$ by ! ob$i5ce unto 
dea? ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 to foll[ ! example 
( 8 ob$i5ce1 & !reby to atta9 to        
righte\sness4  ,by ?is reason+ x is %[n1
 b only s f> z reg>ds ! elect1 t ! _m   
are made righte\s by ! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/4 
,x w 9 ! sequel be argu$ t ! dea? (     
,*ri/ has ano!r aspect & a wid] effect4 
,z !re 0 no m occasion = signify+       
acceptance ( ! cov5ant by sacrifice aft]
 ! sacrifice #ca ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 t =m ( 
religi\s wor%ip came to an end4  ,!nce=?
 fai? 9 ! cov5ant 0 to be express$ by   
means ( symbols :i* po9t$ to ! sacrifice
 made once & = all "t on ! cross4  ,!   
orda9$ symbols are bread & w9e1 tak5 9 !
 ,"l's ,supp]4  ,! m9i/] ( ! ,gospel has
 succe$$ to ! ,jewi% prie/ 9 respect to 
giv+ surety (ficially = ! fulfilm5t ( ! 
cov5ant1 & on t acc\nt may ) propriety  
be call$ a prie/4  ,!re is no long] an  
alt>1 because ! acceptance ( ! cov5ant  
is n1 z 9 ! ,jewi% wor%ip1 indicat$ by  

sacrifice1 b by p>tak+ ( food 9 ! =ms ( 
bread & w9e at ! table ( ! ,"l4  ,!     
,*ri/ian m9i/]1 9 deliv]+ ^! symbols to 
! wor%ipp]s1 gives1 9 virtue ( 8 m$iat+ 
(fice1 sureties = ! fulfilm5t ( !       
cov5ant ( et]nal life2 ! wor%ipp] :o    
p>takes ( !m 9 fai? receives !m z su*   
sureties1 & looks = ! fulfilm5t ( !     
cov5ant4  ,no d\bt ?is (fice %\ld be    
dis*>g$ by a good & wise m9i/]1 :o has  
be5 regul>ly appo9t$ !reto2 b = !       
efficacy ( ! ord9ance ! *ief requisite  
is fai? on ! "p ( ! recipi5t--an        
intellig5t fai? su* z t :i* has j be5   
m5tion$4  ,! ,sacram5t ( ! ,"l's ,supp] 
is ju/ly reg>d$ z ! c5tral ord9ance ( ! 
,*ri/ian religion1 &1 !re=e1 ( necessity
 has relation to ! means :]eby          
immortality is secur$4  ,9 fact1 #cb 9  
ea* ( ! f\r records ( its in/itution    
giv5 9 ,scripture1 ! ^w te/am5t 7dia?k7 
occurs3 9 ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,m>k we h1   
,?is is my blood ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & 9 
,/4 ,luke & #a ,cor4 xi41 ,?is cup is ! 
,new ,te/am5t 9 my blood4  ,:at is !    

mean+ ( te/am5t 9 ^! passages1 & h[ is !
 te/am5t relat$ to ! blood ( ,jesus     
,*ri/8  ,x is wor?y ( notice t ^!       
que/ions h receiv$ no special           
consid]ation 9 ! rec5t controv]sies     
respect+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 al?\gh 9 ord]  
to arrive at ! full signification ( t   
ord9ance x is cle>ly necess>y to be able
 to give answ]s to !m4  ,z f> z reg>ds !
 g5]al mean+ ( ! te/am5t1 or cov5ant1   
its relation to our immortality1 & !    
surety = its fulfilm5t giv5 by ! blood  
7i4e4 ! dea?7 ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 en\gh1 ,i 
?9k1 has be5 said 9 ! =ego+ argum5ts2 x 
rema9s to inquire1 = m complete und]/&+ 
( ! doctr9e ( ! ,sacram5t1 :at relations
 ! symbols bread & w9e h to ! ,body &   
,blood ( ,*ri/4  ,bread /r5g!ns man's   
he>t1 & w9e makes x glad 7,ps4 civ4     
#ae74  ,to /r5g!n ! he>t is to produce  
confid5ce4  ,n[1 x may be ass]t$ t      
confid5ce & joy1 be+ incorporeal        
entities1 are ! same 9 ess5ce "u :atev] 
ext]nal conditions !y are g5]at$4  ,!y  
are ! same :e!r exp]i5c$ 9 consequ5ce ( 

tak+ #cc bread & w9e1 or 9 consequ5ce ( 
und]/&+ & accept+ ! cov5ant ( life made 
sure by ! body & blood ( ,*ri/4  ,al?\gh
 physical sci5ce is :olly incapable (   
in=m+ u h[ ! corporeal elem5ts bread &  
w9e produce 9 ^? :o p>take ( !m feel+s (
 /r5g? & gladness 7! antec$5ts &        
consequ5ts n be+ 9 ! same category71 we 
c yet und]/& t ! ,creator ( all ?+s     
might by ,8 imm$iate w atta* to ^?      
sub/ances su* effects1 n alone = ! sake 
( man's body1 b = ! high] purpose (     
!reby in=m+ 8 _s t !re is cause =       
confid5ce & joy 9 ! brok5 body ( ! ,"l1 
& 8 p\r$-out blood4  ,?is view is       
ju/ifi$ by ! language ( ,/4 ,paul1 :]e  
he says1 speak+ ( ! ,son ( ,god1 t all  
?+s 7 creat$ ?r\gh him & unto him 7eis  
auton1 ,col4 i4 #af72 f :i* doctr9e x   
may be inf]r$ t our ,"l1 hav+ reg>d to !
 cognizable effects ( bread & w9e spok5 
( by ! ,psalmi/1 said ( bread1 ,?is is  
my body1 & ( w9e1 ,?is is my blood1     
because 8 body & blood1 :5 spiritually  
disc]n$1 h ! v same effects4  ,b :y did 

,*ri/ say1 ,?is is my body1 ,?is is my  
blood8  ,! answ] to ?is "q may be giv5  
at once by po9t+ to a rule 9 ,scriptural
 tea*+1 accord+ to :i* ! symbol & ! ?+  
symboliz$ are express$ 9 id5tical t]ms4 
#cd ,! ,bible mu/ h be5 read to little  
purpose by ^? :o h n discov]$ t ?is     
*>act]i/ic p]vades all p>ts bo? ( ! ,old
 & ! ,new ,te/am5t4  ,on ?is pr9ciple1  
:5 speak+ to ! ,jews1 our ,"l made no   
di/9ction betwe5 8 own body & ! visible 
temple at ,j]usalem1 j because 8 body 0 
! prop] habitation ( ! ,holy ,_s        
antec$5tly to1 & compreh5sively (1 !    
dwell+ ( ! ,_s 9 any temple made ) h&s4 
,/4 ,paul also employs l tea*+ :]e he   
says1 ,!y are n all ,israel t are (     
,israel 7,rom4 ix4 #f71 ! fir/ ,israel  
mean+ ,god's elect ( all nations &      
times1 & ! o!r ! ,jewi% p1 by :om !     
elect are typifi$4 ,! rationale ( ?is   
mode ( tea*+ appe>s to be1 t we c\ld n  
speak1 or ev5 ?9k1 ( ab/ract v]ities1   
su* z t ,jesus ,*ri/ is to u ! au?or (  
life1 & /r5g?1 & joy1 )\t p]ceptions &  

feel+s antec$5tly d]iv$ f ext]nal       
realities2 & ! m closely ab/ractions are
 view$ by ! int]v5tion ( _! necess>y    
objective antec$5ts1 ! m exact &        
effective w be our k4  ,i v5ture "h to  
express ! op9ion t all ! cont5tion &    
div]sity ( views t h aris5 ab\t         
,transub/antiation & ! ,real ,pres5ce   
are ref]able to ! non-recognition ( !   
above-m5tion$ pr9ciple ( ,scriptural    
tea*+ by symbols1 & g5]ally to an       
inability to und]/& & rightly int]pret !
 #ce concrete & symbolic language (     
,scripture4  ,defect ( k 9 ?is respect  
has giv5 occasion to _m errors4  ,)     
reg>d to ! doctr9e ( ! ,sacram5t ( !    
,"l's ,supp]1 ,i am ( op9ion t !        
above-m5tion$ dogmas1 & ! =ms ( wor%ip  
connect$ ) !m1 :i* appe> to be rightly  
designat$ z sup]/iti\s1 h _h ! effect ( 
v mu* keep+ out ( view ! relation ( t   
ord9ance to ! cov5ant :i*1 ?r\gh ! dea? 
( ,jesus ,*ri/1 makes immortality sure4 
,p]haps x %\ld r be said t ! sup]/iti\s 
practices give evid5ce t ! blood ( ! new

 cov5ant is n und]/ood4  ,f ! prec$+    
discussion ,i draw ! conclusion t our   
,"l1 9 say+ ( ! w9e1 ,?is is my blood ( 
! ,new ,te/am5t1 express$ ! doctr9e t 8 
blood 7signify+ 8 dea?7 is bo? ! pl$ge &
 ! means1 ?r\gh fai?1 ( p>tak+ ( ! joy  
7signifi$ by ! w9e7 ( a new & ev]-la/+  
life4  ,! ,te/am5t is new because x     
conta9s ! promise ( a future inh]itance 
"u bett] sureties ?an ^? ( ! old cov5ant
 ( ! ,law4  ,aft] hav+ ?us consid]$ :at 
! ,scriptures say conc]n+ dea?1 we h    
next to inquire :at !y reveal conc]n+   
resurrection4  ,z prelim9>y to ?is      
inquiry1 x may be rem>k$ t ! =ego+      
argum5ts relative to ,*ri/'s p>tak+ ) u 
9 dea?1 are su* z po9t directly to !    
conclusion t #cf we %all p>ticipate )   
him 9 resurrection4  ,9 ,/4 ,paul's     
tea*+ 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #ab-ai7 ,*ri/'s     
resurrection & ! resurrection ( ! dead  
are ev5ts s necess>ily relat$ t1 if !   
dead rise n1 ,*ri/ 0 n rais$ up4  ,b !  
fact ( ,*ri/'s resurrection 0           
sub/antiat$ by s _m witnesses1 :o saw   

him alive aft] 8 dea?1 t we may )       
c]ta9ty inf]1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 t 
! dead w rise4  ,x is1 h[ev]1 to be     
obs]v$ t ! argum5t ( ! apo/le 9 !       
passage j quot$ is expressly address$ to
 ^? :o h fai? & k1 & _c be adduc$ 9 pro(
 ( ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection ( all m54 
,= evid5ce z to ! tru? ( ?is doctr9e    
rec\rse mu/ be _h to o!r p>ts (         
,scripture4  ,= ! pres5t purpose x w    
suffice to cite two rem>kable say+s (   
our ,"l1 record$ 9 ,/4 ,john's ,gospel4 
,he fir/ says1 ,! h\r is com+1 & n[ is1 
:5 ! dead %all he> ! voice ( ! ,son (   
,god3 & !y t he> %all live 7,john v4    
#be72 & !n 79 vv4 #bh & #bi ( ! same    
*apt]7 he says1 ,! h\r is com+ 9 :i* all
 t are 9 _! graves %all he> 8 voice1 &  
%all come =?2 !y t h done good1 unto !  
resurrection ( life2 & !y t h done evil1
 unto ! resurrection ( judgm5t 7krises74
  ,! fir/ passage ref]s to a p>tial     
resurrection1 inasmu* z x makes m5tion (
 ^? only :o %all he> ! voice ( ! ,son ( 
#cg ,god1 & he>+ %all live2 :]eas ! o!r 

passage ass]ts t all :o are 9 sepul*res 
7mnmeiois7 %all he> 8 voice1 & divides  
^! into two classes--^? t h done good1  
:o rise to live 7! class j be=e         
m5tion$71 & ^? t h done evil1 :o rise to
 be judg$4  ,! ass]tion 9 vv4 #bh & #bi 
is1 accord+ly1 a revelation respect+ !  
resurrection ( all ! dead1 & is to be   
tak5 z compreh5sive ( ! o!r2 s t ! class
 t w p>take ( ! resurrection ( life are 
! same z ^? ( :om x is said 9 ! fir/    
passage t !y w he> ! voice ( ! ,son (   
,god & w live4  ,z f> z reg>ds !        
di/9ction into two classes1 ?is doctr9e 
agrees ) t prea*$ by ,/4 ,paul1 :]e he  
affirms t 8 unbeliev+ c\ntrym5 !mselves 
all[$ t !re w\ld be a resurrection ( !  
dead1 bo? ( ! j & ! unju/ 7,acts xxiv4  
#ae74  ,x may "h be rem>k$ t x is n     
necess>y to inf] f its be+ said 9 ,john 
v4 #bh1 #bi1 t all t are 9 _! graves    
%all he> 8 voice & come =?1 t all w rise
 simultane\sly4  ,r ! sep>ate m5tion 9  
v4 #be ( ^? t he> & live1 & especially !
 ass]tion t ! h\r 9 :i* ^! he> is n only

 com+1 b n[ is1 w\ld seem to apply      
exclusively to ! resurrection ( ! j1 &  
to indicate t ?is resurrection is       
antec$5t to t ( ! unju/4  ,h[ev]1 to    
settle ?is "q1 #ch :i* is a v important 
"o1 rec\rse w n[ be _h to o!r passages (
 ,scripture4  ,on ! pr9ciple ( reg>d+1 =
 application 9 ?is argum5t1 ! :ole ( !  
,canonical ,scriptures z au?oritative1 x
 is legitimate to ref] to ! ,book (     
,revelation = in=mation respect+ !      
resurrection ( ! dead4  ,n[1 9 ,rev4 xx4
 #e we h 9 express t]ms1 ,?is is ! fir/ 
resurrection4  ,& aga91 9 ! next v]se1  
,bless$ & holy is he t ha? "p 9 ! fir/  
resurrection3 on su* ! second dea? ha?  
no p[]4  ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t ?is is !
 resurrection ( ! j1 & t ^? :o are ?us  
bless$ & holy are !nce=? exempt f       
mortality4  ,?is conclusion has a v     
important be>+ on our argum5t2 =1 on    
turn+ to v4 #d ( ! same *apt]1 we f9d t 
! p>tak]s ( ?is resurrection are        
describ$ z m>tyrs :o 7 behead$ = !      
witness ( ,jesus1 & = ! ^w ( ,god1 &    

g5]ally z ^? :o receiv$ n ! m>k ( ! bea/
 on _! =ehead & on _! h&1 :i* may be    
int]pret$ z mean+ t by intellig5t fai? &
 righte\s de$s !y ov]came _! spiritual  
adv]s>ies4  ,x seems1 !re=e1 all[able to
 inf] t ?is is ! company ( ^? :o 9      
,scripture are s (t5 call$ ! elect1 :o  
by suff]+1 exp]i5ce1 & hope1 are 9 ?is  
life seal$ unto ! day ( r$emption 7,rev4
 vii4 #b-h1 & ,eph4 iv4 #hj74  #ci  ,x  
is1 besides1 said ( ^! *os5 ones t !y   
liv$ & reign$ ) ,*ri/ a ?\s& ye>s1 b t !
 re/ ( ! dead liv$ n till ! ?\s& ye>s 7 
f9i%$4  ,x w\ld ?us appe> t a def9ite   
int]val ( long duration is int]pos$     
betwe5 ! resurrection ( ! j & ! unju/4  
,x is also to be p>ticul>ly notic$ t !  
se]1 speak+ ( :at p]ta9s to t int]val ( 
a ?\s& ye>s dur+ :i* ! _s ( evil is     
b\nd1 says t he saw ?rones1 & !y sat ^u 
!m1 & judgm5t 0 giv5 to !m 7,rev4 xx4   
#d74  ,?is mu/ ref] to ! judgm5t        
und]gone by ^? :o h "p 9 ! fir/         
resurrection1 because ! re/ ( ! dead d n
 rise to be judg$ till ! ?\s& ye>s are  

end$4  ,z to ! elect be+ judg$1 ! tea*+ 
( ,/4 ,paul is v explicit1 :]e he says1 
id5tify+ himself ) ! g5]al company ( !  
fai?ful1 ,we mu/ all appe> be=e !       
judgm5t-seat ( ,*ri/2 t e "o may receive
 ! ?+s done ?r\gh ! body1 accord+ to :at
 he ha? done1 :e!r good or bad 7#b ,cor4
 v4 #aj4  ,s also ,rom4 xiv4 #aj74  ,x  
is n expressly said 9 ! passage above   
quot$ :o !y are :o sat on ?rones & _h   
judgm5t giv5 to !m2 b ! in=mation is    
suppli$ 9 ,matt4 xix4 #bh1 :]e we read1 
,jesus said to !m t is1 z ! context %[s1
 to ,pet] & ! o!r apo/les1 ,v]ily ,i say
 to y1 t ye :o h foll[$ me1 9 !         
reg5]ation :5 ! ,son ( man %all sit on !
 #dj ?rone ( 8 glory1 ye also %all sit  
on twelve ?rones judg+ ! twelve tribes (
 ,israel4  ,a l revelation1 address$    
exclusively to ! apo/les1 is giv5 9     
,luke xxii4 #bh-hj4  ,! twelve tribes ( 
,israel is ! symbolic designation ( !   
elect--^? t are seal$ 7see ,rev4 vii4   
#c-h74  ,x mu/ n[ be tak5 into acc\nt t 
! exp]i5ce & ! de$s ( ! pres5t life     

alone det]m9e :e!r any individual is or 
is n ( ! numb] ( ! elect4  ,^? only :o  
by ! fav\r ( ,god are ju/ifi$ 9 ?is life
 by works done ?r\gh fai? are reckon$   
among ! j :o p>take ( ! fir/            
resurrection4  ,b ,scripture n[h]e      
ass]ts t _! spiritual /ate diff]s at _! 
resurrection f :at x 0 at ! "t ( _!     
dea?2 r1 x negatives ?is assumption by  
describ+ _! /ate 9 ! int]val z t (      
sleep4  ,consequ5tly1 n be+ yet made    
p]fect1 !y h ne$ to pass ?r\gh ! judgm5t
 j spok5 ( 7comp>e #a ,cor4 iii4        
#aa-ae71 9 ord] t by ! completion ( _!  
spiritual creation !y might be made meet
 = immortality4  ,to !m1 al?\gh !re is  
judgm5t1 !re is no condemnation1 &1     
!re=e1 no second dea?4  ,su*1 x seems to
 me1 is ! ,scriptural doctr9e (         
immortality1 z f> z reg>ds ! elect4     
,be=e proce$+ to speak ( ! judgm5t ( !  
:ole _w1 x w be appropriate to consid]  
"h :at judgm5t is ab/ract$ly1 & :at are 
its #da purpose & effect4  ,^! que/ions 
c only be answ]$ by means ( :at is matt]

 ( human exp]i5ce1 & 9 t]ms d]iv$       
!refrom4  ,n[ we all "k t k+s1 judges1 &
 magi/rates adm9i/] ju/ice & judgm5t = !
 purpose ( mak+ righte\sness & tru?     
prevail1 & t = ! same end !y inflict    
puni%m5t on ! guilty4  ,:atev] is ?is is
 judgm5t1 & :at is n ?is is n judgm5t4  
,! portion ( ! ,scriptures :i* speaks 9 
pla9e/ t]ms ( ! object & effect (       
judgm5t is1 p]haps1 t conta9$ 9 ,psalms 
xcvi41 xcvii41 xcviii41 & xcix4  ,if !  
words ( ^! ,psalms d n ref] to ! judgm5t
 t is to come ^u ! e>? & ! :ole _w 9 !  
future age1 !y w require to be tak5 9 a 
non-natural s5se4  ,b su* a s5se is "h  
inadmissible1 because consi/5tly ) :at  
may be inf]r$1 z said above1 f human    
exp]i5ce respect+ judgm5t1 namely1 t its
 purpose is to cause righte\sness & tru?
 to prevail1 ?is ,scripture decl>es 9   
t]ms expressive ( ! highe/ joy &        
exultation t = ?is end ! _w is judg$4   
,let u1 !re=e1 n[ inquire :at ,scripture
 reveals respect+ ! judgm5t &           
immortality ( ! re/ ( mank9d--^? :o are 

n numb]$ among ! elect4  ,fir/1 x is    
cle>ly impli$ 9 ,rev4 xx4 #e1 t !y live 
aga9 at ! end ( ! ?\s& ye>s4  ,next1 z  
we h already inf]r$ f ! words ( #db     
,*ri/ record$ 9 ,john v4 #bi1 !y rise to
 be judg$4  ,if1 z we h argu$1 x is     
ne$ful t ev5 ! elect %\ld be judg$1 mu* 
r mu/ judgm5t ov]take ! unbeliev+ & !   
unrighte\s8  ,we are1 moreov]1 expressly
 told :o is to be ! righte\s ,judge3 ,! 
,fa!r ha? committ$ all judgm5t to ! ,son
 7,john v4 #bb74  ,! s9n]s :o1 act+     
?r\gh ignorance z ag5ts ( ,satan1       
arraign$1 condemn$1 & put to dea? !     
blameless ,son ( ,god1 7 n alone guilty1
 inasmu* z x 0 appo9t$ t !y %\ld make   
manife/ & consummate ! wick$ness t      
reigns 9 ! he>t ( ! collective _w4  ,=  
?is reason ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 fulfilm5t ( a
 j retribution1 is orda9$ to be ,judge (
 all ! _w1 & ( ,satan also4  ,respect+ !
 outw>d means by :i* judgm5t is execut$ 
on ! ungodly1 _m ?+s seem to be said 9 !
 ,book ( ,revelation2 b f be+ express$ 9
 symbolic language1 !y are g5]ally h>d  

to be und]/ood4  ,i %all make no attempt
 to give explanations ( ! details ( ?is 
symbolism1 su* an inquiry n be+ necess>y
 = my pres5t purpose2 b a few rem>ks on 
! cont5ts ( ! ,apocalypse :i* h a g5]al 
relation to ! purpose & effect ( judgm5t
 may "h be appropriately introduc$ z    
be>+ on ! "q ( immortality4  ,9 ! fir/  
place1 x may be /at$ t its prophetic    
language & symbols resemble 9 s _m #dc  
p>ticul>s :at we meet ) 9 v>i\s p>ts ( !
 prophecies ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 t x might
 almo/ be reg>d$ z an epitome ( ^!      
prophecies4  ,?is view is support$ by ! 
ann\ncem5t made 9 ,rev4 x4 #g1 :i*      
affirms t1 9 ! days ( ! voice ( ! sev5? 
trumpet1 :5 he %all beg9 to s\nd1 !     
my/]y ( ,god %all be f9i%$1 accord+ to !
 gospel ,he decl>$ 7os euggelise7 unto  
,8 s]vants ! prophets 7see also ,rev4   
xxii4 #f74  ,x is "h to be p>ticul>ly   
rem>k$ t aft] ! s\nd+ ( six trumpets    
sev]ally significant ( judgm5t1 x is    
proclaim$ t ! my/]y ( ,god w\ld be f9i%$
 at ! s\nd+ ( ! sev5? & la/1 ?is        

consummation hav+ be5 antec$5tly made   
kn[n z a gospel to ! ,old ,te/am5t      
prophets4  ,?is text accord+ly agrees ) 
! t5or ( ! argum5t previ\sly adduc$     
respect+ ! f9al effect ( judgm5t 9      
e/abli%+ ! reign1 s mu* to be desir$1 ( 
tru? & righte\sness4  ,at ! end ( !     
judgm5t ! temple ( ,god is op5$ 9 heav51
 & !re is se5 9 ,8 temple ! ark ( ,8    
cov5ant 7,rev4 xi4 #ai74  ,?is is !     
cov5ant ( immortality1 :i*1 hav+ be5    
orig9ally made 7z has already be5       
indicat$7 ) ,adam aft] 8 transgression1 
0 aft]w>ds r5ew$ ) ,noah & ) ,abraham1 0
 repres5t$ by symbols & proclaim$ orally
 by ,moses 9 ! wild]ness1 &1 f9ally1 0  
confirm$ by ! sacrifice ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 
#dd  ,equally rem>kable is ano!r        
revelation1 :i* tells u t ! elect1 ! "o 
hundr$ & =ty-f\r ?\s& :o h be5 made     
p]fect by ! exp]i5ce !y h gone ?r\gh 9 !
 ?\s& ye>s ( ! fir/ resurrection1 are   
jo9$ ) ! ,son ( ,god 9 ! execution ( !  
g5]al judgm5t4  ,9 ,rev4 xix4 #ad1 x is 
said t ! armies 9 heav5 foll[$ him ^u   

:ite horses1 clo!d 9 f9e l951 :ite &    
clean4  ,?is clo?+ proves t ! att5dant  
army consi/$ ( ! sa9ts made p]fect 9    
righte\sness1 z w be evid5t by comp>+   
vv4 #g & #h ( ! same *apt]4  ,9 v4 #ae x
 is ass]t$ respect+ ,! ,^w ( ,god1 t he 
%all rule ! nations ) a rod ( iron2 & he
 says himself1 speak+ ( 8 fai?ful       
foll[]s1 ,to him t ov]come? & keepe? my 
works unto ! end w ,i give p[] ov] !    
nations2 & he %all rule !m ) a rod (    
iron 7,rev4 ii4 #bf1 #bg74  ,also we h 9
 ,psalm cxlix4 #f-i1 ,let a two-edg$    
sword be 9 _! h&1 to execute v5geance ^u
 ! nations1 puni%m5ts ^u ! peoples2 to  
b9d _! k+s ) *a9s1 & _! rul]s ) fett]s (
 iron2 to execute ^u !m ! judgm5t       
writt53 ?is hon\r h all ,8 sa9ts4       
,moreov]1 ,/4 ,paul writes to !         
,cor9?ians3 ,d ye n "k t ! sa9ts %all   
judge ! _w8  ,"k ye n t we %all judge   
angels8  ,9 %ort1 ! doctr9e ( ,scripture
 on ?is pr]ogative ( ! sa9ts is v       
explicit4  #de  ,aga91 x is uni=mly     
affirm$ 9 ,scripture t e "o w be judg$  

accord+ to 8 works4  ,( c\rse1 words are
 includ$ 9 works2 = our ,"l said        
expressly1 ,e idle ^w t m5 %all speak1  
!y %all give acc\nt !re( 9 ! day (      
judgm5t2 = by ?y words ?\ %alt be       
ju/ifi$1 & by ?y words ?\ %alt be       
condemn$ 7,matt4 xii4 #hf1 #hg74  ,x    
w\ld seem t ! judgm5t1 z be+ conduct$ by
 ext]nal means1 takes acc\nt ( human    
?\ghts only s f> z _! consequ5ces are   
manife/$ by ov]t de$s & spok5 words4  ,x
 is n ! less true1 accord+ to ! doctr9e 
( ! ,"l himself 79 ,m>k iv4 #bb1 & ,luke
 viii4 #ag71 t 9 ! day ( judgm5t all    
secret & hidd5 ?+s w be reveal$4  ,!    
words 9 ,/4 ,m>k1 nei!r 0 any?+ kept    
secret b 9 ord] t 7h9a7 x %\ld come     
abroad1 seem expressly to indicate !    
relation 9 :i* ?+s hidd5 9 ! pres5t age 
/& to ! revelations ( t day4  ,/4 ,paul 
also writes to ! ,romans1 speak+ ( !m :o
 h n receiv$ ! law by direct            
communication3 ,!y %[ ! "w ( ! law      
writt5 9 _! he>ts1 _! consci5ce be>+ !m 
witness1 & _! ?\ghts1 "o ) ano!r1       

accus+1 or also excus+1 9 ! day :5 ,god 
%all judge ! secrets ( m51 accord+ to my
 gospel1 ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ 7,rom4 ii4  
#ae1 #af74 7,?is1 ,i ?9k1 %\ld be !     
translation ( ! passage47  ,x may be    
notic$ t #df "h aga9 gospel is m5tion$ 9
 connection ) judgm5t4  ,n[1 ! v t]ms1  
judgm5t accord+ to works1 imply t !     
works br\ght into judgm5t are n all     
equally bad1 & t !re may be bo? good &  
bad2 :i* also may be inf]r$ f ! passage 
j quot$ f ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans4  ,9   
fact1 x is n too mu* to assume t all !  
de$s & exp]i5ce ( ! pres5t life are     
contributory 9 diff]5t ways to ! f9al   
purpose ( ! judgm5t4  ,we h already     
argu$1 9 accordance ) :at is said 9 #b  
,cor4 v4 #aj1 t ! sa9ts w be judg$      
accord+ to _! works1 & f #a ,cor4 iii4  
#aa-ae1 we le>n t _! works w be tri$ by 
fire1 b !y !mselves w be sav$1 yet s z  
by fire4  ,we h n[ to ent] ^u !         
important inquiry z to :e!r ,scripture  
reveals an analog\s disp5sation )       
respect to ! re/ ( mank9d4  ,h>d z x may

 be = u to conceive by :at means ! de$s 
& exp]i5ce ( all m51 ! liv+ & ! dead1 w 
be br\ght "u review 9 ! day ( judgm5t1 t
 s x w be is und\bt$ly ! tea*+ (        
,scripture4  ,our und]/&+ ( ?is wond]ful
 ev5t may p]haps be assi/$ by tak+ into 
acc\nt :at ,/4 ,paul said to ! ,a!nians3
 ,9 ,him we live1 & move1 & h our be+2  
:5ce x may be inf]r$ t all our works &  
#dg words1 & ev5 feel+s & ?\ghts1 are   
kn[n to ,god4  ,) ref]5ce to ?is "q1 x  
w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be legitimate to call to  
our aid ! k ( ! ext]nal creation1 :i*   
has be5 s l>gely ext5d$ 9 ! pres5t day4 
,aft] long att5tion giv5 to !           
acquisition ( su* k1 ,i seem to see t x 
po9ts to ! conclusion t all ! =ces (    
nature are resid5t 9 a univ]sal ae!rial 
m$ium1 ext5d+ ?r\gh all space1 & p]vad+ 
all visible & tangible sub/ances1 by !  
int]v5tion ( :i* all p[] is ex]t$1 :e!r 
x be by ! imm$iate w ( ,god1 or         
m$iately1 by t ( angels or ( m54  7,i   
assume t !re c be no ex]tion ( p[] ap>t 
f ! w & consci\sness ( an ag5t47        

,consequ5tly ! ,_s ( ! ,univ]se mu/ be  
cognizant ( e ex]tion ( p[] & ( its     
effects4  ,to ?is consid]ation ano!r (  
peculi> significance is to be add$4 ,!  
faculty :i* we possess to a limit$      
ext5t1 dep5d+ on bodily conditions &    
organization1 ( rememb]+ ! consequ5ces (
 ex]t$ p[]1 :e!r z op]at+ ourselves1 or 
be+ op]at$ ^u1 mu/ be conceiv$ ( z      
p]ta9+1 )\t any limitation1 to !        
,creator ( ! ae!rial sub/ance & ! ,s\rce
 ( all p[]4  ,9 ?is mann] x seems       
possible to und]/& h[ all actions & all 
ev5ts may be writt5 d[n 7speak+         
metaphorically7 9 ! ,book ( ,god's      
remembrance1 & s be br\ght into judgm5t4
  #dh  ,! univ]sality & ! "* ( ! future 
judgm5t are decl>$ 9 ,rev4 xx4 #aa-ac1 )
 p>ticul> ref]5ce to ! pres5ce & maje/y 
( ,"o :o sat on a great :ite ?rone1 :o1 
d\btless1 is ,god ! ,fa!r1 ! ,creator ( 
heav5 & e>?4  ,! se] says 9 ?is passage1
 ,i saw ! dead1 small & great1 /& be=e  
,god2 & ! books 7 op5$3 & ano!r book 0  
op5$1 :i* is ! book ( life3 & ! dead 7  

judg$ out ( ^? ?+s :i* 7 writt5 9 !     
books1 accord+ to _! works4  ,! m5tion  
made ( ! books indicates t :at is "h    
said ( ! g5]al judgm5t p]ta9s           
exclusively to ,god ! ,fa!r1 by ^:      
almighty p[] & omnisci5ce1 z ,i h       
endeav\r$ to %[ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph1 all
 ! de$s & exp]i5ce ( ! pres5t life are  
held 9 remembrance to be br\ght "u      
judgm5t4  ,b x w\ld be an error to      
suppose t ?is g5]al judgm5t is diff]5t f
 t ! process & results ( :i*1 z effect$ 
?r\gh ! ,son ( man & 8 att5dant armies1 
are symbolically describ$ 9 previ\s p>ts
 ( ! ,apocalypse4  ,! judgm5t 0 orda9$  
by decree ( ! ,fa!r1 & pre>rang$ by ,8  
wisdom1 & 9 accordance !re) x is execut$
 by ! ,son1 :o1 app>5tly on ?is acc\nt1 
speaks ?us ( himself3 ,to him t ov]come?
 w ,i give to sit ) me 9 my ?rone1 z ,i 
also ov]came & sat ) my ,fa!r 9 ,8 ?rone
 7,rev4 iii4 #ba74 ,?is ?rone #di :i* ! 
,son %>es ) ! ,fa!r may be presum$ to be
 ! seat ( p[] ex]cis$ 9 judgm5t 7comp>e 
,rev4 ii4 #bf1 #bg74  ,:y ! book ( life 

is m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! books f !   
cont5ts ( :i* ! dead are judg$1 w be %[n
 9 ! sequel ( ! argum5t4  ,!re are o!r  
consid]ations relat+ to ! future judgm5t
 :i* x is necess>y to ent] into 9 ord]  
to complete ! argum5t = ! immortality ( 
all m54  ,we live 9 a _w 9 :i* sorr[ &  
pa9 & dea? ab\nd ev]y:]e & at all times1
 & al?\gh ^! are actual consequ5ces (   
s91 inasmu* z !y w\ld be non-exi/5t if  
s9 did n antec$5tly exi/1 x is n ! less 
true t ! law :i* 9 ! pres5t "t (        
imp]fection connects suff]+ ) s91 t5ds 9
 its op]ation t[>ds br++ on ev5tually a 
/ate ( p]fection4  ,?us !re is a f9al   
cause = t law4  ,i h already 7page #ad7 
illu/rat$ ?is doctr9e by ref]5ce to !   
process :]eby ! actual condition &      
adornm5t ( ?is e>? 7 elaborat$ by !     
op]ation ( physical laws out ( a /ate ( 
d>kness & *aos4  ,?is view is           
corroborat$ by ! noticeable fact t      
suff]+ 9 ?is life1 :e!r caus$ by ! ?ree 
sc\rges1 w>1 pe/il5ce1 & fam9e1 or :at  
we call accid5t1 or by ! inju/ice &     

cruelty ( m51 by no means 9 proportion  
to guilt1 s9ce ev5 ! innoc5t !reby      
sometimes suff]4  ,n[1 z all #ej human  
de$s & exp]i5ce are tak5 cognizance ( 9 
! great day ( judgm5t1 x mu/ be admitt$ 
t suff]+s ( ! k9d j m5tion$ w be includ$
 9 ! acc\nt4  ,9 :at way1 & ) :at       
effect1 w1 ,i ?9k1 be to "s ext5t       
indicat$ by ! foll[+ consid]ations4     
,besides ! pr9ciple ( animal life       
7psy*e7 :i* man p>takes ( 9 common ) !  
creatures ( a l[] ord]1 !re is )9 him a 
_s 7pneuma7 :i* is be+ =m$1 educat$1 &  
built up1 all ! "t t x is ! t5ant ( a   
corporeal vessel4  ,on acc\nt ( ?is law 
( progressiv5ess1 ! _s ( a *ild1 z we c 
all see1 diff]s 9 its feel+s & its      
und]/&+ f t ( a man4  ,9 %ort1 _s       
p]fect$ is ! pr9ciple ( immortal life4  
,n[1 dur+ our wak+ h\rs our spirits are 
replete ) consci\sness & ?\ght1 :i*1    
h[ev]1 at ! mom5t ( fall+ asleep dep>t f
 u4  ,! _s is !n tak5 into ! keep+ ( !  
angels ( ,god1 to be by !m re/or$ into  
its place 9 ! body at ! mom5t ( wak+ up 

& ( return to consci\sness4  ,9 l mann] 
at dea? ! spirits ( all m51 good &      
wick$1 pass into ! cu/ody ( ! ,creator (
 spirits1 to wait = ! return to         
consci\sness by be+ on ! morn+ ( _!     
resurrection aga9 unit$ ) body1--n1     
h[ev]1 ) ! same natural body1 b ) a     
spiritual body 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #dd74 ,!   
union ( _s ) bodily ess5ce appe>s to be 
a #ea necess>y condition ( human        
consci\sness1 & to h be5 orda9$ = !     
special reasons t we are de/9$ to live  
h]eaft] n only individually1 b 9 social 
relations also1 & t only ?r\gh ! m$ium (
 body is !re communion betwe5 "o man's  
_s & t ( ano!r4  ,?is be+ und]/ood1 x is
 next to be obs]v$ t 9 ! =m+ & build+ up
 7edification7 ( _s1 ! human w is       
conc]n$1 & t1 accord+ to a man's *oice (
 action1 8 _s may be educat$ = be+ good 
or = be+ wick$1 may be sanctifi$ or     
defil$4  ,!re is1 9 %ort1 no act or     
exp]i5ce 9 human life :i* 9 ?is respect 
is indiff]5t4  ,b :at ! _s is ?us made  
dur+ its passage ?r\gh ?is life1 su* x  

is :5 x is tak5 into ! h&s ( its        
,creator1 & su*1 z we may conclude f !  
tea*+ ( ,scripture & f its hav+ 9 ! mean
 "t exi/$ ap>t f body1 x w be1 ) all its
 imp]fections1 on ! day ( its           
resurrection4  ,x has already be5       
ma9ta9$ t1 because ( imp]fection1 x is  
necess>y t ev5 ! elect %\ld be judg$1 to
 ! end t by ?is means _! spirits may be 
made p]fect4  ,b our conc]n n[ is ) !   
effect ( judgm5t on ^? :o are n ( !     
numb] ( ! elect4  ,= ! purpose (        
illu/rat+ :at ,i am ab\t to say on ?is  
head1 ,i %all beg9 ) mak+ an application
 ( ! argum5t 9 a p>ticul> in/ance4  #eb 
,i h rec5tly se5 x /at$1 among ! news ( 
! day1 t x is ! practice ( a b>b>\s     
,african k+ to cut (f ! heads ( twelve  
or m ( 8 subjects1 m]ely to pay a       
complim5t to a di/+ui%$ visitor4  ,are  
we to ?9k t ?is transaction bo? beg9s & 
ends "h8  ,al?\gh we h no gr\nd = ass]t+
 t ! victims 9 ?is case are to be c\nt$ 
among ,god's elect1 inasmu* z !y mu/ be 
suppos$ to be devoid ( ! fai? &         

righte\sness :i* are necess>y to        
con/itute a title to t high privilege1  
we may yet believe t ! bodily suff]+ !y 
endur$ 0 contributory to ! =mation ( _! 
spirits = _! future de/9y4  ,if ev5 ^?  
:o h und]/&+--elect sa9ts--h und]gone   
suff]+s & be5 behead$ 9 ord] t ?us !y   
might be purifi$ & made :ite1 7comp>e   
,dan4 xi4 #cc-ce1 & xii4 #aj1 ) ,rev4   
xx4 #d71 :y %\ld we n believe t !       
suff]+s ( ^? poor ,africans1 :o are     
equally *ildr5 ( ,god1 _h l effect8  ,t 
suff]+ is 9 ?is mann] efficaci\s is     
prov$ by ! sacrifice ( ! ,son ( ,god on 
! cross1 :o1 aft] hav+ prov$ by 8       
miracles t he _h all human ills "u      
control1 volunt>ily submitt$ to be made 
p]fect by endur+ %ame & pa91 t ?us he   
might bo? exemplify & ju/ify ! ways (   
,god 9 ! creation ( immortal spirits4   
,?is sacrifice is a full & suffici5t    
explanation ( all ! evil 9 ! _w4  ,:51  
!re=e1 9 ! "t ( ! #ec resurrection ( !  
unju/ ! slay] & ! sla91 9 ?is in/ance1  
appe> be=e ! judgm5t-seat ( ,god1 & are 

condemn$1 z n be+ among ^? :o are sav$ 9
 ! fir/ resurrection1 to und]go ! second
 dea?1 is x n reasonable to conclude t !
 tribulation & pa9 ( t ev5t w fall mu* m
 heavily on ! murd]] ?an on ^? he slew1 
& t ! puni%m5t & suff]+s t h /ill to be 
endur$ 9 ord] t ! f9al purpose ( !      
judgm5t may be accompli%$1 w be inflict$
 ) f> great] sev]ity on him ?an on !m8  
7,see on ?is po9t :at is said conc]n+ ! 
future judgm5t 9 ! ,wisdom ( ,solomon   
vi4 #c-f47  ,on ?is pr9ciple _m app>5t  
anomalies 9 ! pres5t age ( ! _w admit ( 
explanation4  ,:y1 = in/ance1 is s l>ge 
a proportion ( mank9d condemn$1         
irrespective ( _! des]ts1 to be poor1 & 
to lab\r ) _! h&s 9 anxiety = !         
ma9t5ance ( !mselves & _! families8  ,we
 h reason f ,scripture to say t su*     
conditions ( life1 if unit$ ) ! fai? t  
looks = bett] ?+s to come1 may be c\nt$ 
among means orda9$ by ,god = prep>+ !   
spirits ( ,8 elect = _! de/9$ inh]itance
 7,hate n labori\s "w1 nei!r husb&ry1   
:i* ! ,mo/ ,high ha? orda9$             

,ecclesia/icus vii4 #ae74  ,& :]e su*   
fai? is abs5t1 may we n /ill say t      
conditions ( ! pres5t life to :i* !     
great mass ( mank9d are #ed subject mu/ 
be contributory to =m+ _! spirits = _!  
future exi/5ce8  ,leav+ out (           
consid]ation :o are ! elect1 & :o n1 :i*
 ,god only kn[s1 c we ?9k t ! pati5ce ( 
! lab\r] & artisan1 ! endurance ( !     
seaf>+ man1 & ! devot$ness ( ! soldi]1  
:o at ! call ( duty1 & 9 spite ( !      
prompt+s ( self-pres]vation1 exposes    
himself to almo/ c]ta9 dea? on ! field (
 battle1 h no relation to _! future     
de/9y8  ,z reg>ds1 especially1 ! _s (   
self-sacrifice ( ! soldi]1 s oppos$ to  
all ! calculations ( p]sonal int]e/1 x  
seems to me t ! desire ( glory1 or !    
expectation ( rew>d1 w n :olly acc\nt = 
x1 b r t x is indicative ( !re be+ 9 !  
w>rior's brea/ an undef9$ conviction t  
he bett] fulfils ! purpose ( life by    
brav+ a pa9ful dea? ?an by liv+ at home 
9 ease4  ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t al?\gh 9 
,scripture w> is spok5 ( z a calamity1 !

 occupation ( a soldi] is n[h]e         
condemn$1 b is r comm5d$ on acc\nt ( its
 discipl9>y effect & ab/ract$ness f !   
affairs ( life 7see #b ,tim4 ii4 #c1    
#d74  ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t ! diff]5t k9ds
 ( human exp]i5ce adv]t$ to above are   
all suppos$ to /& ap>t f p]sonal acts   
done 9 violation ( ! dictates (         
consci5ce4  ,su* acts w d\btless be tri$
 by ! c\rse ( ! g5]al judgm5t1 & w h    
effect 9 ! condemnation ( ! (f5d]s1 &   
#ee 9 puni%m5t aw>d$ accord+ to !       
guilt9ess ( _! de$s4  ,! calamities (   
human life may be put g5]ally "u ! two  
heads ( tribulation & slaught]--diff]5t 
k9ds ( sorr[ & tr\ble1 & diff]5t k9ds ( 
dea?4  ,^! con/itute ! groan+ & travail+
 ( ! :ole creation unto ! "t be+ 7a *ri 
t\ nun71 spok5 ( by ,/4 ,paul 9 ,rom4   
viii4 #bb & call$ 9 ,/4 ,m>k xiii4 #h1 !
 beg9n+s ( sorr[s 7d9n74  ,b 9 ! "t ( ! 
_w to come1 ! same =ms ( suff]+ h _!    
consummation & end+4  ,9 ,rev4 vii4 #ad1
 m5tion is made ( ! great tribulation1 &
 at ! same "t ( a c\ntless multitude :o 

come out ( x4 ,?is c be no o!r ?an t    
great tribulation respect+ :i* our ,"l  
said1 accord+ to ,/4 ,matt4 xxiv4 #ba1 t
 x w be su* z 0 n s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w  
to ?is "t1 nor ev] %all be1 & accord+ to
 ,/4 ,m>k xiii4 #ai1 t ^? days %all be  
affliction su* z 0 n f ! beg9n+ ( !     
creation :i* ,god creat$ unto ?is "t1   
nei!r %all be4  ,! id5tity ( ! ev5ts    
spok5 ( 9 ! ,gospels & 9 ! ,apocalypse  
may also be inf]r$ f ! words *eimnos    
7tempe/-"t7 & sabbat 7on ! sabba?7      
conta9$ 9 ,matt4 xxiv4 #bj1 ! =m] ref]r+
 to ! /orm ( indignation & wra? :i*     
proce$s f ! ,lamb :5 he comes to execute
 ,judgm5t1 & ! latt] to ! "t 9 :i* ! #ef
 judgm5t takes place1 :i* is designat$ !
 sabba?1 or sev5? day1 z foll[+ ^u !    
t]m9ation ( ! pres5t age ( ! _w1 & also 
z be+ t sabba? ( :i*1 z said 9 ,luke vi4
 #e1 ! ,son ( man is ,"l4  ,aga91 9 pro(
 ( ! doctr9e t ! process1 or effect1 ( !
 g5]al judgm5t is *>act]iz$ 9 ,scripture
 z slaught]1 ,isa4 xxxiv4 #a-f may be   
cit$1 x be+ said 9 t passage t !        

indignation ( ! ,"l is ^u all nations1 t
 he ha? deliv]$ !m to ! slaught]1 & 9   
connection !re) t all ! ho/ ( heav5 %all
 be dissolv$1 & ! heav5 %all be roll$   
toge!r z a scroll 7comp>e ,rev4 vi4     
#ah-ad74  ,( ! same import is ! prophecy
 9 ,rev4 xiv4 #ad-bj1 at ! end ( :i* !  
tread+ ( ! great w9epress ( ! wra? (    
,god is describ$ 9 t]ms closely agree+ )
 ^? 9 ,isa4 lxiii4 #a-d4  ,we h1        
besides1 ! rem>kable passage1 ,rev4 xix4
 #ag-ba1 :i* repres5ts ! f[ls ( heav5 z 
be+ call$ toge!r to fea/ on ! fle% ( !  
sla91 aft] great slaught] _h be5 wr\ght 
by ! %>p sword :i* proce$s out ( ! m\? (
 him :o is call$ ,! ,^w ( ,god4  ,?is   
sword repres5ts ! cutt+ & de/ructive    
effect ( ! words ( judgm5t &            
condemnation :i* ! ,son ( ,god w        
pron\nce on s9n]s :5 he comes to judge !
 :ole _w4  ,x is n necess>y = my purpose
 to int]pret p>ticul>ly ! symbolism #eg 
conta9$ 9 ! passages j quot$2 x suffices
 to draw f !m ! g5]al inf]5ce t1 z      
reg>ds all m51 tr\ble & pa9 & dea? 9 !  

pres5t age ( ! _w are ! beg9n+s ( an    
oeconomy = =m+ spirits = immortality1   
:i* is de/9$ to be consummat$ 9 ! age to
 come4  ,to complete ! argum5t f        
,scripture x only rema9s n[ to take into
 consid]ation ^? passages :i* expressly 
reveal ! effect ( ! g5]al judgm5t1 & to 
asc]ta9 :at relation ! revelations h to 
! "q ( immortality4  ,^! passages are ( 
two k9ds1 "s be+ compos$ entirely (     
symbolic language requir+ int]pretation1
 :ile o!rs are express$ 9 t]ms t may be 
readily und]/ood4  ,! =m] mu/ be suppos$
 to admit ( be+ int]pret$ consi/5tly ) !
 pla9 mean+ ( ! o!r k9d4  ,accord+ly1 = 
! purpose above m5tion$1 ,i proce$ n[ to
 (f] an int]pretation ( ,rev4 xx4       
#aa-ae1 ?is passage evid5tly giv+ a     
synoptical acc\nt1 9 symbolic t]ms1 ( ! 
process & ! effect ( ! g5]al judgm5t4   
,i h already adv]t$ 7p4 #dh7 to !       
cont5ts ( vv4 #aa & #ab1 s f> z !y ref] 
to ! ,p]son ( ! ,judge1 & to ,8 judg+ ! 
dead1 accord+ to _! works1 out ( ! ?+s  
writt5 9 ! books4  ,! great :ite ?rone  

7v4 #aa7 is evid5tly ! seat ( righte\s  
judgm5t4  ,! inspir$ writ]1 9 ord] #eh  
to acc\nt = 8 see+ 9 vision ! dead1     
small & great1 /&+ be=e ! ?rone1        
reveals1 besides1 t ! sea gave up ! dead
 t 7 9 x1 & ,dea? & ,hades gave up !    
dead t 7 9 !m 7v4 #ac74  ,n[1 ! context 
h>dly all[s ( tak+ ! sea "h 9 its lit]al
 objective s5se1 requir+ r !            
int]pretation t ! natural sea symbolizes
 by its invisible dep?s ! incognizable  
/ate ( ! dead be=e resurrection4  ,9 !  
new heav5 & e>?1 :i* is ! end ( all     
creation1 sea exi/s no long] 7,rev4 xxi4
 #a74 ,hades1 z app>5tly might be inf]r$
 f ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 signifies t     
invisible /ate ( dep>t$ spirits :i*1 z j
 said1 is symboliz$ z be+ conceal$ 9 !  
dep?s ( ! sea1 & also1 z ,i h already   
po9t$ out1 has to dea? a necess>y       
relation ( sequ5ce 7,hades foll[$ ) him 
,rev4 vi4 #h74  ,?is expla9s :y ,dea? & 
,hades are repres5t$ z a conjo9t p[]    
hav+ possession ( ! dead4  ,9 ,rev4 i4  
#ah1 z well z 9 ,rev4 vi4 #h1 !y are    

m5tion$ 9 close connection1 & 9 ! latt] 
passage p[] is said to be giv5 to !m 9  
common4  ,i take occasion to make "s    
rem>ks "h on #a ,pet] iii4 #ai1 z ! s5se
 ( ?is passage might be ?\ght to be     
contradictory to ! mean+ assign$ above  
to ,hades4  ,x affirms t 9 _s ,*ri/ w5t 
& prea*$ to ! spirits 9 cu/ody #ei 7en  
phylak74  ,n[1 ! lit]al mean+ ( !       
concrete t]ms1 w5t & prea*$ 7poreu!is   
ekrux571 is exclud$ by 9 _s go+ be=e1 & 
!y consequ5tly require an ab/ract       
int]pretation4  ,x has already be5 argu$
 7p4 #ej7 t ! ^w cu/ody applies to      
dep>t$ spirits 9 ! s5se ( _! be+ 9 !    
keep+ ( ! ,creator ( spirits2 :5ce x    
foll[s t spirits 9 cu/ody & spirits 9   
,hades h ! same mean+4  ,b nei!r ( ^!   
expressions signifies any?+ z to        
locality1 = ! simple reason t locality  
_c be pr$icat$ ( _s ap>t f body4  ,!    
ab/ract int]pretation ( ! passage ( ,/4 
,pet] may1 ,i ?9k1 be rea*$ by ! foll[+ 
argum5t4  ,! ^w ekrux5 above cit$ is n t
 ord9>ily us$ ) respect to prea*+ !     

,gospel1 & !re=e x is ! m to be notic$ t
 :]e ,noah is call$ a prea*] (          
righte\sness 7#b ,pet] ii4 #e71 ! ,greek
 ^w is kruka4  ,may we n h5ce inf] t    
,noah1 by ! _s ( ,*ri/ :i* 0 9 him      
7comp>e #a ,pet] i4 #aa71 prea*$ to !   
unbeliev+ & disob$i5t ( 8 day1 & t _!   
spirits1 al?\gh ! _w 9 :i* !y liv$ 0 s  
long s9ce de/roy$ by ! ,flood1 are1     
toge!r ) all o!r dep>t$ spirits1 /ill 9 
,god's cu/ody1 to be h]eaft] rais$ up & 
judg$8  ,we are f>!r in=m$ respect+     
,noah's prea*+1 :i* consi/$ app>5tly (  
de$s r ?an ( words1 t by prep>+ an ark =
 ! #fj sav+ ( 8 h\se1 he condemn$ ! _w1 
& became heir ( ! righte\sness :i* is   
accord+ to fai? 7,heb4 xi4 #g74  ,we h  
n[ to inquire :at int]pretation may be  
giv5 to ! symbolic language 79 ,rev4 xx4
 #ad7 :i* affirms t ,dea? & ,hades 7 ca/
 into ! lake ( fire1 & t ?is is ! second
 dea?1 ! lake ( fire4  ,! fir/ m5tion ( 
! lake ( fire occurs 9 ,rev4 xix4 #bj1  
:]e x is describ$ z burn+ ) brim/one1 & 
bo? ! bea/1 & ! false prophet associat$ 

) him 7ho met aut\71 are said to be ca/ 
alive into ?is lake4  ,b ! re/ 7oi      
loipoi71 namely1 ! k+s ( ! e>? & _!     
armies1 ga!r$ toge!r to make w> aga9/   
him :o sat on ! horse & aga9/ 8 army1 7 
sla9 by ! sword t proce$s out ( 8 m\?1 t
 is1 by ! %>p & se>*+ words (           
righte\sness & tru?1 :]eby he1 ,! ,^w ( 
,god1 judges & pron\nces condemnation 9 
! la/ day 7comp>e ,john xii4 #dh74  ,9  
,rev4 xx4 #g-aj1 we are f>!r told t     
,satan1 aft] be+ let loose f prison at !
 end ( ! ?\s& ye>s :5 ! re/ ( ! dead    
live aga9 7v4 #e71 & aft] collect+      
toge!r all ! ris5 nations ( ! e>?1 !    
numb] ( :om is z ! s& ( ! sea 7v4 #h71  
leads !m to _! de/ruction 9 battle aga9/
 ! ,god ( heav51 & is himself ca/ into !
 lake ( fire & brim/one1 :]e are ! bea/ 
#fa & ! false prophet 7v4 #aj74         
,consequ5tly1 ,satan1 :o is oppos$ to   
,god ! ,fa!r1 ! ,god ( heav51 ! bea/1   
:i*1 z signify+ ! _s ( ! _w1 is oppos$  
to ! ,holy ,_s1 & ! false prophet1 :o is
 ! symbolic repres5tative ( all         

anti-,*ri/ian p[] objectively oppos$ to 
! ,son ( ,god1 are all ?ree ca/ into a  
lake ( fire burn+ ) brim/one4  ,b (     
,dea? & ,hades x is only said t !y 7 ca/
 into a lake ( fire4  ,_! be+ ca/ into !
 dep?s ( a lake signifies t !y become   
incognizable entities1 & lake ( fire    
indicates t !y rema9 su* by an          
irrev]sible law1 fire be+ ! symbol ( =ce
 ( law 7see ,deut4 xxxiii4 #b74  ,= ?is 
reason ! lake ( fire is put 9 apposition
 79 v4 #ad7 ) ! second dea?1 :i* is !   
ext9ction ( dea?4 ,n[1 ,satan1 ! bea/1 &
 ! false prophet1 be+ reg>d$ z p]sonal  
exi/5ces motiv$ by w1 & 9 t respect     
unlike ,dea? & ,hades1 are ca/ n simply 
into a lake ( fire1 b into a lake burn+ 
) brim/one1 :i* app>5tly signifies t f !
 "t ^! adv]s>ies cease to h cognizable  
exi/5ce1 _! antec$5t p[] & influ5ce w be
 reg>d$ by ^? :o 7 once subject to !m ) 
antipa?y & abhorr5ce1 s t any return to 
! same subjection w 7z we say7 be       
morally impossible4  ,:5 9 ! end ,god   
has become all 9 all1 no antagonism     

rema9s2 all #fb enemies h be5 subdu$4   
,any "o :o is unwill+ to accept ! =ego+ 
int]pretation might reasonably be ask$ 9
 :at o!r way he c expla9 :y1 ( all      
creat$ ?+s1 brim/one is specially       
m5tion$ ) ref]5ce to ?is my/]y 7see     
,rev4 xvii4 #e1 #af74  ,9 ! la/ v]se ( !
 passage "u consid]ation we h1 ,& if any
 "o 7ei tis7 0 n f\nd writt5 9 ! book ( 
life1 he 0 ca/ into ! lake ( fire 7v4   
#ae74  ,x is to be obs]v$ t ! lake (    
fire is n "h said to be burn+ )         
brim/one4  ,?is s5t5ce mu/ accord+ly    
receive an int]pretation analog\s to t  
giv5 above ) respect to ,dea? & ,hades4 
,:5 ! f9al judgm5t has _h complete      
effect1 !re w no long] be objective     
exi/5ce ( any ^: names are n 9 ! book ( 
life1 because all w h be5 made meet = ! 
inh]itance ( life4  ,= ?is reason ! book
 ( life is m5tion$ 79 v4 #ab7 9 imm$iate
 connection ) ! books conta9+ ! records 
accord+ to :i* ! judgm5t is transact$4  
,i am well aw>e t ! prec$+              
int]pretations d n accord ) views       

ent]ta9$ by _m 9 ! pres5t day4  ,i      
rememb] to h he>d a s]mon on ! text1    
,?is is ! second dea?1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* !
 prea*] did n once adv]t to ! ^w ,?is1 b
 gave a description1 ! mo/ t]rible 8    
imag9ation c\ld supply1 ( :at he judg$  
to be ! second #fc dea?4  ,we f9d       
reveal$ 9 ,scripture respect+ ! t]rors (
 ! ,"l--! angui% & tribulation1 !       
slaught] & de/ruction1 proce$+ f ,8 wra?
 9 ! day ( judgm5t--q en\gh to det]     
s9n]s f go+ on 9 s91 )\t gratuit\sly    
add+ ! doctr9e ( ! p]petuity ( evil1 !  
prea*+ ( :i* seems to h ! effect ( h9d]+
 ! belief & expectation ( ! imp5d+      
realities ( t great day4  ,besides1 x   
may well be ask$ h[ su* prea*+ c be     
reconcil$ ) ! ,gospel revelations1 /at$ 
9 language devoid ( symbol1 :i* are     
conta9$ 9 ,rev4 xxi42 to :i* ,i %all    
aft]w>ds h occasion to call att5tion4   
,b1 fir/1 x w be necess>y to inquire :at
 is ! doctr9e ( ,scripture respect+     
future puni%m5t & torm5t4  ,on proce$+  
to ?is "p ( ! argum5t x w be prop] to   

rev]t to a pr9ciple :i* has already be5 
admitt$ z self-evid5t 7p4 #i71 namely1 t
 a /ate ( p]fect righte\sness & a happy 
immortality are s ess5tially &          
necess>ily relat$ t "o _c subsi/ )\t !  
o!r4  ,x is1 h[ev]1 to be said t ?is    
doctr9e is n[h]e express$ 9 su* words 9 
,scripture4  ,9 fact1 ! ab/ract t]ms1   
ess5tially & necess>ily relat$1 are     
altoge!r unlike any ,scriptural mode (  
expression4  ,yet x may be t ! tru? :i* 
we ?9k we und]/& :5 we express x 9 su*  
t]ms may admit ( be+ #fd extract$ 9 a m 
def9ite =m f ! concrete language (      
,scripture2 &1 9 ord] t our argum5t =   
immortality may be %[n to re/ entirely  
on a ,scriptural f\ndation1 ,i %all n[  
endeav\r to %[ t ?is is ! case ) respect
 to ! above-/at$ doctr9e1 by cit+ &     
discuss+ v>i\s passages ( ! ,old & ,new 
,te/am5t4  ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i rem>k t  
righte\sness & salvation1 righte\sness &
 peace1 are s (t5 & 9 su* mann] m5tion$ 
toge!r 9 ! ^w ( ,god1 t we may !nce inf]
 t1 accord+ to a law ( ! ,div9e         

7,economy1 p]sonal righte\sness is a    
condition necess>ily antec$5t to        
salvation 7safety7 & peace 7see ,ps4    
xxiv4 #e1 & lxxxv4 #g-ah2 ,isa4 xlv4 #g1
 #h1 xlvi4 #ah1 li4 #e1 lxii4 #a1 & _m l
 passages74  ,=1 on ! o!r h&1 x is twice
 expressly decl>$ t ,god has said1 ,!re 
is no peace to ! wick$ 7,isa4 xlviii4   
#bb1 & lvii4 #ba74  ,s 9 ,rev4 xiv4 x is
 affirm$ respect+ s9n]s 7:o are         
compreh5sively describ$ z ^? :o wor%ip !
 bea/ & 8 image1 & receive ! m>k ( 8 "n 
on ! =ehead or ! h&--9 _! beliefs or _! 
de$s7 t !y h no re/ day nor night 7vv4  
#i & #aa74  ,( ! same s9n]s x is also   
decl>$ t !y %all dr9k ( ! w9e ( ! wra? (
 ,god1 :i* is p\r$ out )\t mixture into 
! cup ( 8 indignation2 & %all be torm5t$
 ) fire & brim/one 9 ! pres5ce ( ! holy 
angels1 & 9 #fe ! pres5ce ( ! ,lamb 7v4 
#aj74  ,! fire ( ! torm5t is ! op]ation 
( ! holy law ( righte\sness :i* !y h    
brok51 & ! brim/one by ! (f5siv5ess (   
its smoke repres5ts ! self-condemnation 
& reproa* ( consci5ce ) :i* !y are      

torm5t$ :5 _! s9s are laid b>e 9 !      
pres5ce ( ! holy angels & ( ! ,lamb1 :o 
by reason ( _! s9s 0 sla94 ,la/ly1 we   
are told t ! smoke ( _! torm5t asc5de?  
up = ev] & ev]4  ,! g5]al signification 
( smoke1 reg>d$ z a symbol1 appe>s to   
be1 effect or consequ5ce4  ,?us1 9 !    
rem>kable symbol ( a smok+ furnace se5 9
 vision by ,abraham 7,g54 xv4 #ag71 !   
fire ( ! furnace may repres5t ! op]ation
 ( ! law1 & ! smoke may symbolize !     
ab\nd+ ( ! s9s ( mank9d consequ5t ^u t  
op]ation 7see ,rom4 v4 #bj2 also comp>e 
#b ,esdras iv4 #dh74 ,b 9 ! passage be=e
 u we h smoke ( torm5t1 ( :i* smoke x is
 said t x asc5ds up = ev] & ev]1        
signify+1 x w\ld seem1 ! p]petuity ( !  
effect ( ! torm5t4  ,?is int]pretation  
accord+ly agrees ) t previ\sly giv5 7p4 
#fa7 relative to ! lake ( fire burn+ )  
brim/one4  ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ?is diff]5ce 
to be not$1 t :]eas ! pres5t passage    
relates especially to ! effect ( ! pa9 &
 torm5t att5dant ^u ! process ( be+     
judg$1 ! o!r speaks ( ! effect ( !      

second dea? to #ff :i* ! wick$1 aft] be+
 tri$ by ! judgm5t1 are condemn$4  ,!   
portion ( ,scripture conta9$ 9 ,matt4   
xxv4 #ca-df1 gives1 conc]n+ ! aw>ds to  
be respectively adjudg$ to ! righte\s & 
unrighte\s1 & ! f9al consequ5ces ( !    
judgm5t1 c]ta9 revelations1 symbolically
 express$1 :i* are made by ! ,"l        
himself1 ! future ,judge4  ,9 ord] to   
complete ! argum5t f ,scripture respect+
 ! effect ( judgm5t1 we mu/ endeav\r to 
int]pret ^! revelations4  ,:5 ! ,son (  
man %all come 9 8 glory1 & all ! holy   
angels ) him1 he w sit on ! ?rone ( 8   
glory3 & all nations w be ga!r$ be=e    
him3 & he w sep>ate !m "o f ano!r1 z a  
%eph]d sep>ates ! %eep f ! goats2 & he w
 place ! %eep on 8 "r h&1 & ! goats on 8
 left 7vv4 #ca-cc74  ,we are ?us told t 
all ( all nations w come into ! pres5ce 
( ! ,judge1 & t he w sep>ate !m into two
 portions1 z di/9ct ! "o f ! o!r z %eep 
are f goats4  ,f :at is said f>!r on we 
ga!r t "o portion are ! j 7oi dikaioi1  
v4 #cg71 & ! o!r ! unju/2 b no m5tion is

 made ( a p>ticul> process ( sep>ation4 
,consequ5tly !re is no?+ "h :i*         
contradicts ! conclusion be=e arriv$ at 
7p4 #ch71 t ! j are sep>at$ f ! unju/ by
 p>tak+ ( ! fir/ resurrection2 r1 t     
conclusion is 9 #fg accordance ) ?is    
revelation respect+ ! place ( hon\r on !
 "r h& be+ assign$ to ! j1 & _! be+     
prep>$ to receive x :5 ! :ole assembly1 
j & unju/1 are ga!r$ toge!r be=e !      
,judge4  ,9 v4 #cd1 z also 9 v4 #dj1 !  
,judge is call$ ! ,k+ 7ho ,basileus71   
=asmu* z he is ! fai?ful & true ,"o1 :o 
9 righte\sness judges & makes w>1 & to  
:om belongs 9 a special mann] ! title ( 
,k+ ( k+s & ,"l ( lords 7see ,rev4 xix4 
#aa1 #af74  ,we h next to consid] !     
/atem5ts ( ! gr\nds on :i* ! aw>ds are  
made1 :i* are v rem>kable4  ,!n %all !  
,k+ say to !m on 8 "r h&1 ,come1 ye     
bless$ ( my ,fa!r1 inh]it ! k+dom prep>$
 = y f ! f\ndation ( ! _w4  ,= ,i 0     
hungry1 & ye gave me meat2 ,i 0 ?ir/y1 &
 ye gave me dr9k2 ,i 0 a /rang]1 & ye   
took me 92 nak$1 & ye clo!d me2 ,i 0    

sick1 & ye visit$ me2 ,i 0 9 prison1 &  
ye came to me4  ,!n %all ! righte\s     
answ] him1 say+1 ,"l1 :5 saw we !e      
hungry1 & f$ !e8 or ?ir/y1 & gave !e    
dr9k8  ,:5 saw we !e a /rang]1 & took !e
 98 or nak$1 & clo!d !e8  ,or :5 saw we 
!e sick1 or 9 prison1 & came unto !e8   
,& ! ,k+ %all answ] & say to !m1 ,v]ily 
,i say to y1 ,inasmu* z ye h done x unto
 "o ( ! lea/ ( ^! my bre?r51 ye h done x
 unto me #fh 7vv4 #hd-dj74  ,:at is     
*iefly notewor?y 9 ^! words is1 t !     
,judge id5tifies himself ) suff]+       
humanity1 & acc\nts z bre?r5 ev5 ! lea/ 
( ^? t suff]1 hav+1 :5 he dwelt among u1
 p>ticipat$ 9 ! toils & afflictions to  
:i* s9ful man is subject 7al?\gh 9 him 0
 no s971 & submitt$ 9 ! end to ! %ame & 
pa9 ( dy+ on ! cross1 al?\gh he _h %[n  
by 8 miracles t he _h p[] ov] dea? & all
 ! ills ( humanity4  ,z is writt5 9     
,isaiah liii4 #d1 ,he ha? borne our     
griefs & c>ri$ our sorr[s4  ,?is ! ,son 
( ,god volunt>ily took ^u himself out ( 
love & compassion t[>ds u1 kn[+ t1 by   

ord9ance ( 8 ,fa!r1 ! ,creator (        
spirits1 we mu/ ?r\gh _m tribulations   
ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god 7,acts xiv4    
#bb71 & be made heirs ( immortality1 & t
 consequ5tly we _h ne$ ( su* assurance (
 obta9+ ! appo9t$ inh]itance z t :i* is 
giv5 by 8 p>tak+ ) u ( life1 dea?1 &    
resurrection 7see :at is said on ?is "p 
( ! subject 9 p4 #bi74  ,besides ?is1 ! 
sympa?y ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ) human suff]+1  
:i* 0 also %[n by 8 miracles ( heal+1 is
 specially a reason = giv+ practical    
pro(1 by acts ( b5evol5ce & m]cy t[>ds  
our fell[ m51 t we p>take ( ! same _s4  
,x is ) ref]5ce to su* outw>d evid5ce ( 
fai? & righte\sness1 t ! decision ( !   
,judge1 giv5 #fi 9 ! passage above      
quot$1 is pron\nc$4  ,x seems1 too1 f ! 
que/ions put to ! ,judge by ! company ( 
! righte\s1 & ! answ] !y receiv$1 t _!  
acts ( k9dness & m]cy1 done 9 humility &
 fai?1 7 accept$ by ! ,judge1 out ( 8   
sympa?y & community ) ! suff]]s1 z done 
to himself1 al?\gh ! do]s _h n _h       
previ\s k or expectation t _! good de$s 

w\ld be s accept$4  ,! s5t5ce pron\nc$  
on ! unrighte\s1 & ! reasons = x1 are   
?us /at$ 9 vv4 #da-de3 ,!n %all he say  
also to !m on ! left h&1 ,dep>t f me1 ye
 curs$1 into ! oeonian fire 7to pur to  
ainion1 i4e4 ! fire ( judgm5t 9 ! future
 ain7 prep>$ = ! devil & 8 angels3 = ,i 
0 hungry1 & ye gave me no meat2 ,i 0    
?ir/y1 & ye gave me no dr9k2 ,i 0 a     
/rang]1 & ye took me n 92 nak$1 & ye    
clo!d me n2 sick1 & 9 prison1 & ye      
visit$ me n4  ,!n %all !y also answ]    
him1 say+1 ,"l1 :5 saw we !e hungry1 or 
a?ir/1 or a /rang]1 or nak$1 or sick1 or
 9 prison1 & did n m9i/] unto !e8  ,!n  
%all he answ] !m1 say+1 ,v]ily1 ,i say  
to y1 inasmu* z ye did x n to "o ( !    
lea/ ( ^!1 ye did x n to me4  ,x %\ld be
 notic$ t ! t]ms ( ?is aw>d are ! exact 
contr>ies ( ^? ( ! aw>d to ! righte\s4  
,on ! "o h&1 ! ,k+ says1 ,come1 ye      
bless$ ( my ,fa!r1 inh]it #gj ! k+dom   
prep>$ = y f ! f\ndation ( ! _w2 on !   
o!r1 he says1 ,dep>t f me1 ye curs$1    
into ! oeonian fire prep>$ = ! devil & 8

 angels2 & ! acc\nt ( :at ! ,judge fur!r
 says to ! unrighte\s1 & ( :at !y say to
 him1 al?\gh some:at brief] ?an t relat+
 to ! righte\s1 is made up ( exactly    
opposite p>ticul>s4  ,on ?is pr9ciple1  
s9ce ! decision respect+ ! righte\s is  
pron\nc$ on ! gr\nds ( positive works ( 
righte\sness done 9 humility & fai?1 t  
respect+ ! unrighte\s has reg>d only to 
! omission to d su* works ?r\gh         
presumption & unbelief4  ,! same        
exhibition ( opposite circum/ances &    
qualities1 & ! same pr9ciple (          
condemnation = s9s ( omission           
exclusively ( ^? ( commission1 are      
obs]vable 9 ! two o!r symbolic          
repres5tations conta9$ 9 ! same *apt]--!
 p>able ( ! t5 virg9s1 & ! p>able ( !   
tal5ts4  ,9 %ort1 ! g5]al purport ( !   
*apt] is to indicate1 t 9 ! sight ( !   
righte\s ,judge s9s ( omission1 n less  
?an s9s ( commission1 dem& condemnation 
& puni%m5t2 ! reasons = :i* appe> to be 
t bo? k9ds are equally violations ( !   
royal law1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z  

?yself 7,james ii4 #h71 & p]fect ob$i5ce
 to ?is law is ! necess>y f\ndation ( a 
common immortality4  ,x only rema9s n[  
to speak ( ! f9al issue ( #ga ! judgm5t 
/at$ ?us 9 v4 #df3 ,& ^! %all g away    
into et]nal puni%m5t1 b ! righte\s into 
ext]nal life4  ,x mu/ be admitt$ t !    
fir/ clause ( ?is s5t5ce1 tak5 z x is   
usually tak51 expresses ! p]petuity (   
evil1 inasmu* z puni%m5t is an evil4 ,b 
aft] ?is has be5 conc$$1 !re is /ill    
some?+ m to be said on ?is doctr9e4  ,x 
is evid5t f ! context t by ^! is meant !
 ungodly j be=e spok5 (1 :o1 hav+ %[n1  
by _! neglect+ to give pro( ( love t[>ds
 _! neighb\rs1 t ! love ( ,god is n 9 !m
 7see #a ,john iv4 #bj71 are c\nt$ z    
enemies1 & z su* mu/ be puni%$4  ,= !re 
is no neutral position3 all :o d n obey 
! comm&s ( ,*ri/ are oppos$ to him1 &   
all t is oppos$ to him is de/9$ to be   
br\ght "u subjection4  ,fur!r1 x is to  
be notic$ t al?\gh ! f9al decision is   
express$ g5]ally 9 accordance ) !       
be=e-m5tion$ pr9ciple ( employ+ exactly 

opposite t]ms relatively to ! righte\s &
 ! wick$1 "h ! opposite ( et]nal life is
 et]nal puni%m5t1 & n et]nal dea?1 !    
latt] expression be+ n[h]e f\nd 9       
,scripture4  ,may x n h5ce be argu$ t1 z
 among m5 ! puni%m5t ( ! guilty has n = 
its purpose ! infliction ( pa9 & p5alty1
 b r is ! means employ$ to ! end t laws 
may be obey$1 s ! end ( div9e puni%m5t  
is = correction1 & = #gb giv+ effect to 
& e/abli%+ ! law ( univ]sal             
righte\sness4  ,if x %\ld h5ce be inf]r$
 t ! ^w et]nal is appli$ to future      
puni%m5t ) ref]5ce to t p]man5ce (      
effect :i*1 z has already be5 indicat$  
7p4 #fe71 is symbolically repres5t$ by !
 p]petual asc5t ( ! smoke ( torm5t1     
aga9/ ?is inf]5ce x might reasonably be 
urg$ t et]nal ought to be tak5 9 ! same 
s5se relatively to ! puni%m5t ( ! wick$1
 z relatively to ! life ( ! righte\s1 & 
et]nity is "h pr$icat$ ( ! "o j z ( !   
o!r4  ,n[1 al?\gh ?is reason+ appe>s to 
be irrefragable1 ! additional argum5ts f
 ,scripture :i* ,i am ab\t to adduce w1 

,i ?9k1 %[ t !re mu/ be "s o!r way (    
reg>d+ ! doctr9e ( future puni%m5t1 :i*1
 al?\gh n inconsi/5t ) t to :i* ! =ego+ 
int]pretation ( ,matt4 xxv4 #df has     
conduct$1 diff]s f x ei!r z to po9t (   
view or compreh5siv5ess4  ,9 ! fir/     
place1 x is to be obs]v$ t 9 our ,"l's  
disc\rses doctr9e 0 v g5]ally taught by 
p>ables & symbolic language1 :i* requir$
 to be int]pret$ 9 ord] t ! ab/ract &   
spiritual tru?s !reby convey$ might be  
und]/ood4  7,?is rem>k applies to ! :ole
 ( ! passage1 ,matt4 xxv4 #ca-df1 br\ght
 "u review 9 ! =ego+ discussion47  ,9   
,m>k iv4 #cd1 x is said t )\t a p>able  
he spake n to !m1 t is1 #gc to !        
multitude1 & t 9 private he expla9$ all 
?+s to 8 disciples4  ,be+ ask$ by !     
disciples1 :5 he 0 prea*+ to a great    
multitude assembl$ toge!r on ! sea-%ore 
to he> him1 :y he spake to !m 9 p>ables1
 he answ]$1 ,because x is giv5 to y to  
"k ! my/]ies ( ! k+dom ( heav51 b to !m 
x is n giv54  ,= :osoev] ha?1 to him x  
%all be giv51 & he %all h m abundance2 b

 :osoev] ha? n1 f him %all be tak5 away 
ev5 t he ha?4  ,!re=e speak ,i to !m 9  
p>ables1 because see+ !y see n1 & he>+  
!y he> n1 nei!r d !y und]/& 7,matt4     
xiii4 #aj-ac74  ,x is "h affirm$ t      
al?\gh p>ables f _! v "* are express$ 9 
t]ms :i* ! use ( ! s5ses r5d]s          
intelligible1 !re are ^? :o d n or w n  
und]/& !m1 :o = ?is reason1 on !        
pr9ciple ( n giv+ to ^? :o h n1 are     
spok5 to only 9 p>ables1 s t !y cont9ue 
9 ignorance4  ,z e effect or consequ5ce 
implies ! antec$5ce ( ! purpose ( an    
ag5t1 ) respect to ?is consequ5ce we f9d
 x /at$ 9 ,luke viii4 #aj1 t our ,"l    
expressly address$ ! disciples 9 ^!     
words3 ,unto y x is giv5 to "k ! my/]ies
 ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 b to ! re/ 9 p>ables1
 t see+ !y may n see1 & he>+ !y may n   
und]/&4  ,to a select$ few is grant$ !  
fav\r ( be+ able to disc]n1 ?r\gh !     
objective s5se ( #gd p>ables1 ! int]ior 
signification :]eby my/]ies ( ! k+dom ( 
,god are reveal$1 :il/ f ! re/--!       
multitude--al?\gh ! objective s5se is ! 

same to !m z to ! o!rs1 ! k ( ! my/]ies 
is )held4  ,?is is evid5tly a           
disp5sation analog\s to t accord+ to    
:i*1 z ,*ri/ decl>$1 ,_m are call$1 b   
few are *os5 7,matt4 xxii4 #ad74  ,x is 
also 9 accordance ) views express$ 9 a  
previ\s "p ( ?is ,essay respect+ !      
di/9ction betwe5 ! elect & ! re/ (      
mank9d4  ,x is fur!r to be consid]$ t ! 
,"l promis$ ! apo/les t aft] 8 dep>ture 
f !m1 ! ,holy ,_s w\ld tea* !m all ?+s1 
& br+ all ?+s to _! remembrance :i* he  
_h said to !m 7,john xiv4 #bf71 & x may 
be assum$ t aft] ! ,day ( ,p5teco/ ?is  
promise 0 fulfill$1 & t !y 7 !n         
enlight5$ to disc]n ! spiritual mean+ ( 
8 doctr9e4  ,9 ?is way x may be acc\nt$ 
= t :ile ,*ri/ian doctr9e re/s          
fundam5tally on ! words & de$s ( ,*ri/ z
 record$ 9 ! ,gospels1 x is taught 9 !  
,acts ( ! ,apo/les & ! apo/olical       
,epi/les 9 t]ms ( a m ab/ract "*1 :i*1 9
 fact1 may be reg>d$ z unfold+ !        
spiritual import ( ! tea*+1 ! life1 & ! 
dea? ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,! apo/le ,paul1  

al?\gh he 0 n "o ( ! orig9ally select$  
apo/les1 _h special grace & #ge p[] giv5
 him = und]/&+ fully & tea*+ ! doctr9e (
 ,*ri/4  ,n[1 ?is apo/le1 s gift$ )     
und]/&+ & k1 writes 9 8 ,epi/le to !    
,romans3 ,by ! ob$i5ce ( "o %all ! _m be
 made righte\s 7v4 #ai72 ! context      
evid5tly %[+ t ! "o is ,jesus ,*ri/1 & t
 ! _m are all ! s9ful sons ( ,adam4  ,i 
h already adv]t$ to ?is text 7p4 #ai71 &
 call$ att5tion to ! significance ( !   
future t5se1 %all be made righte\s4     
,accord+ to our argum5t1 :5 !y h be5    
made righte\s1 !y are sav$4  ,h5ce1 q   
consi/5tly ) ?is passage 9 ! ,epi/le to 
! ,romans1 ,/4 ,paul has said 9 8 fir/  
,epi/le to ,timo?y 7iv4 #aj71 ,we tru/ 9
 ! liv+ ,god1 :o is ! ,savi\r ( all m51 
especially ( ^? t believe4  ,if ?is     
s5t5ce _h n conta9$ ! la/ clause1 !re   
might h be5 "s excuse = que/ion+ :e!r   
,/4 ,paul prea*$ ! doctr9e ( ! ev5tual  
salvation ( all m52 b inasmu* z he adds1
 especially ( ^? t believe1 x is z cle> 
z words c make any?+ cle>1 t he taught t

 all are sav$ 9 ! s5se 9 :i* he taught t
 ^? :o believe are sav$4  ,! reason =   
mak+ ! di/9ction express$ by ! ^w       
especially is1 ,i ?9k1 suffici5tly      
app>5t f ! doctr9e1 previ\sly ma9ta9$ 9 
?is ,essay 7pp4 #hh-dj71 t ! elect      
righte\s are rais$ up fir/1 & p>take    
already ( salvation1 hon\r1 #gf & glory1
 dur+ a c]ta9 int]val prec$+ !          
resurrection ( ! re/ ( mank9d4  ,n[1    
s9ce all t are sav$1 z be+ at re/ & 9   
felicity1 are free f s9 & evil1 ?is     
tea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul is directly oppos$ to 
! doctr9e ( ! p]petuity ( evil :i* is   
usually inf]r$ 7see p4 #ga7 f ! say+ (  
our ,"l 9 ,matt4 xxv4 #df4  ,?us        
app>5tly !re is irreconcilable          
contradiction betwe5 ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ & !
 tea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul on a mo/ mom5t\s     
subject4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ! same _s (      
wisdom 0 9 ! apo/le z 9 8 ,"l1 x is n   
possible t !re c really be su*          
contradiction2 & because1 consequ5tly1 !
 seem+ contradiction mu/ be attributable
 to our defect ( k1 or inability1 to    

int]pret rightly ! allegorical tea*+ (  
,*ri/1 we might d well1 al?\gh no       
solution ( ! difficulty %\ld be at h&1  
to accept ?is gospel ( salvation1 9 !   
confid5ce t1 z be+ decl>$ by ,/4 ,paul 9
 pla9 t]ms1 x mu/ be true ,*ri/ian      
doctr9e4  ,i am n1 h[ev]1 prep>$ to     
grant t ! solution ( ! above-m5tion$    
difficulty is n discov]able2 & accord+ly
 ,i make bold to indicate a l9e (       
argum5t by :i*1 z x seems to me1 a      
solution is atta9able4  ,! fir/ /ep 9   
?is argum5t is to admit ! reality ( t   
analogy betwe5 ,god's natural creation &
 ,8 spiritual creation :i* has already  
be5 tak5 into consid]ation 7see p4 #ad71
 #gg & to inf] !refrom t ! spiritual    
creation is actually 9 progress t[>ds a 
=eorda9$ p]fect consummation4  ,= !     
purpose ( illu/rat+ ?is view by way (   
contra/1 ,i may m5tion t ,i once he>d a 
s]mon 9 :i* ! prea*]1 :o 0 reg>d$ 9 8   
day z a lead] ( religi\s ?\ght1 advanc$ 
! !ory t ! ^w rem$y express$ ! c5tral   
idea ( ! div9e s*eme ( salvation4       

,accord+ to ?is !ology1 :i* looks       
backw>ds r ?an =w>ds1 ! preval5ce ( s9 &
 mortality1 & ! ne$ ( a rem$y = ! _m    
ills & errors t beset humanity1 7       
cont+5t on ,adam's transgression4  ,x   
may be grant$ t ?is is s f> true1 t s9 &
 dea? ent]$ into ! _w because ,adam 0 n 
made incapable ( s9n+4  ,b ?is !ory     
ov]looks ! possibility ( !re be+ a f9al 
cause = ! actual facts ( humanity1 &    
seems to be a sub/itution ( propt] hoc =
 po/ hoc4  ,! analogy ( ! natural       
creation po9ts to a diff]5t1 & app>5tly 
a ju/]1 view ( ! div9e oeconomy1 accord+
 to :i* ! reign ( s9 & dea? 9 ,adam &   
all 8 po/]ity is a necess>y "p ( a      
pre>rang$ s*eme1 n[ actually 9 progress1
 :i* is de/9$1 by its completion        
h]eaft]1 to make1 n "o man only1 b a    
c\ntless multitude1 incapable ( s9n+ &  
meet = immortality4  ,on ?is po9t1      
h[ev]1 aft] :at has be5 already said    
7see p4 #eg71 !re is no occasion to say 
#gh m "h4  ,i proce$1 !re=e1 to ! next  
/ep1 :i* is to indicate c]ta9 inf]5ces t

 may be drawn f ! "* ( progressiv5ess   
:i* p]ta9s at pres5t to ! spiritual     
creation4  ,x may1 9 ! fir/ place1 be   
ass]t$ t ! law ( opposites1 ref]r$ to 9 
pp4 #fi & #gj1 is a necess>y            
accompanim5t ( t g5]al law (            
progression4  ,! au?or ( ! ,book (      
,ecclesia/icus1 :o c]ta9ly put on record
 _m wise say+s1 has ?us /at$ ! law (    
opposites3 ,good is set aga9/ evil1 &   
life aga9/ dea?3 s is ! s9n] aga9/ !    
godly4  ,s look ^u all ! works ( ! ,mo/ 
,high1 & !re are two & two1 "o aga9/    
ano!r 7xxxiii4 #ad1 #ae74 ,n[1 evid5tly 
?is duality w cease1 & unity be         
univ]sally e/abli%$1 :51 z argu$ 9 !    
prec$+ p>agraph1 ! pr$e/9$ consummation 
is rea*$1 & ! purpose ( ! :ole creation1
 ext]nal & spiritual1 is fulfill$4  ,?is
 doctr9e ( ! t]m9ation ( evil appe>s to 
h be5 und]/ood & proclaim$ by ! writ] ( 
! f\r? ,book ( ,esdras1 9 :i* we meet ) 
! foll[+ emphatic decl>ation3 ,take     
heav5 & e>? to witness2 = ,i h brok5 !  
evil 9 pieces1 & creat$ ! good3 = ,i    

live1 sai? ! ,"l 7ii4 #ad74  ,9 ! mean  
:ile1 z be+ subject to conditions ( e>?1
 & "t1 & space1 we are also subject to  
?is law ( duality & antagonism1 s t we h
 no k or p]ception ( any?+ ( #gi :i* we 
d n also "k ! opposite4  ,= ?is reason x
 is n possible to make kn[n ! conditions
 "u :i* m5 are sav$ )\t at ! same "t    
/at+ ! conditions "u :i* !y are n sav$4 
,?is w acc\nt = ! opposit5ess &         
p>allelism ( ! /atem5ts 9 ,matt4 xxv4   
#df1 conc]n+ ! consequ5ces to ! wick$ & 
! righte\s ( _! respective de$s1 z well 
z = _m /atem5ts ( l "* 9 o!r p>ts (     
,scripture4  ,b ?is does n expla9 :y !  
puni%m5t ( ! wick$ is said to be et]nal4
  ,relatively to ?is "q ,i submit !     
foll[+ consid]ations4  ,recurr+ once m  
to ! position1 t ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s is  
"p ( a progressive s*eme1 ! purpose (   
:i* is to create immortal s\ls1 x may1  
,i ?9k1 be reasonably assum$ t !re is   
no?+ 9 human cognizance or exp]i5ce1    
:e!r x be ?\ght or feel+1 ^w or de$1 :i*
 is n contributory 9 "s mann] to ?is    

end4  ,if a me*ani/1 aft] plann+ a ma*9e
 = a c]ta9 purpose1 introduc$ 9 !       
execution ( x p>ts :i* contribut$ no?+  
t[>ds effect+ t purpose1 w\ld n ?is be  
consid]$ to be an imp]fection8  ,su*    
imp]fection is :olly inadmissible 9 !   
workman%ip ( an omnisci5t & omnipot5t   
,creator4  ,accord+ly1 s9ce1 z be+      
condition$ by "t1 we are capable (      
ent]ta9+ ! ?\ght t ! puni%m5t ( ! wick$ 
9 ! _w to come may #hj be et]nal1 _m1 9 
fact1 hav+ pr(ess$ _! belief t s x w be1
 we mu/ conclude1 on ! above pr9ciple1 t
 ev5 ?is ?\ght is contributory t[>ds !  
ev5tual br++ 9 ( immortality4  ,b x w be
 ask$1 9 :at way8  ,to ?is "q we may    
give ! g5]al answ]1 t z su* ?\ght is    
op]ative on human action1 & implies !   
exi/5ce ( "t1 x mu/ be reckon$ z "p ( ! 
total ( human ?\ght & exp]i5ce          
condition$ by "t1 :i* 0 orda9$ f !      
beg9n+ to be ! means1 :e!r 9 ?is age or 
9 ! age to come 7ain ho melln71 ( =m+   
spirits = immortality4  ,!n1 aga91 we h 
reason f ,scripture to inf] t ! immortal

 _s is 9 effect spiritual body 7#a ,cor4
 xv4 #dd71 compos$ ( functional p>ts or 
qualities con/itut+ x su* a :ole t x is 
adapt$ = communion ) o!r _s2 9 :i* case 
! temporal processes ( creation above   
m5tion$ might be suppos$ to be design$  
to give to immortal _s a "* appropriate 
to its de/9y4  ,& we may1 at lea/1 be   
c]ta9 t ,jesus ,*ri/ knew :at 0 requir$ 
= accompli%+ 8 ,fa!r's purpose ( creat+ 
spirits :i*1 :ile reta9+ individuality &
 w1 w\ld be incapable ( s9n+1 & t 9 8   
wisdom he employ$ su* mann] ( tea*+ z   
w\ld ei!r n[ or h]eaft] conduct to t    
end4  ,i take occasion to obs]ve "h1    
p>5!tically1 t :]eas1 accord+ to ! above
 argum5t1 ! #ha ^w et]nal 7f oeetas7 is 
applicable to puni%m5t because we c ?9k 
( et]nal puni%m5t by ?9k+ ( "t1 ! ^w    
endless is n 9 ! same mann] applicable1 
simply because x does n explicitly      
indicate relation to "t4  ,! ,greek     
equival5t ( ! ,engli% ^w ev]la/+1 & ( ! 
,lat9 ^w sempit]nus1 namely aidios f    
aei1 is us$ 9 ,rom4 i4 #bj1 & 9 ,jude   

#f1 9 ! s5se ( ainios1 &1 z involv+ l ! 
latt] ! conception ( "t1 is simil>ly    
applicable to future puni%m5t4  ,b      
besides et]nal life1 we h 9 ,scripture  
indissoluble life 7xn akatalytos1 ,heb4 
vii4 #af71 ! rem>kable epi!t akatalytos 
n be+ etymologically expressive ( "t1 & 
!re=e n wrongly1 al?\gh n /rictly1      
translat$ by endless 9 ! ,au?oriz$      
,v]sion4  ,no su* epi!t is appli$ 9     
,scripture to puni%m5t or torm5t4 7,see 
m on ?is "q 9 an ,app5dix to ! ,essay47 
,reason+ analog\s to t employ$ above    
relative to ! ass]tion 9 ,matt4 xxv4    
#df1 t ! wick$ g away into et]nal       
puni%m5t1 is applicable to o!r          
decl>ations ( l t5or 9 v>i\s portions ( 
,scripture4  ,"o ( ^!1 record$ 9 ,matt4 
xxvi4 #bd z hav+ be5 spok5 by ! ,"l to !
 twelve1 dem&s special notice4          
,translat$ lit]ally accord+ to ! t5ses (
 ! ,greek1 ?is passage is1 ,woe to t man
 ?r\gh :om ! ,son ( man has be5 betray$6
 good 0 x = him1 if t man 0 n #hb born4 
,! translation 9 ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 x 

_h be5 good = t man if he _h n be5 born1
 may be tak5 to convey1 reg>d be+ _h to 
diff]5ce ( idiom1 ! true s5se ( !       
orig9al4  ,exactly ! same passage occurs
 9 ,m>k xiv4 #ba1 :]e our translators h 
giv51 good 7 x = t man if he _h nev] be5
 born4  ,al?\gh ?is translation1 z      
conta9+ ! ^w nev]1 deviates /ill m ?an !
 o!r f ! lit]al r5d]+1 x may be ju/ifi$ 
on ! pr9ciple t ! decl>ation1 9 :atev]  
=m x be made1 is "o 9 :i* "t ent]s z a  
necess>y elem5t1 :]eby alone x is )9 !  
rea* ( ?\ght4  ,accord+ly1 ?is say+ (   
our ,"l1 reg>d$ z hav+ relation to      
exp]i5ce 9 ! _w to come1 is 9 ! same    
category z 8 ass]tion ( ! et]nity (     
future puni%m5t1 & w\ld appe>1 by apply+
 ! argum5t already exp\nd$ 7p4 #hj7 )   
respect to t doctr9e1 to be 9 l mann]   
contributory t[>ds g5]at+ 9 ! _s ( man  
an incapability ( s9n+4  ,x is f>!r to  
be tak5 into acc\nt t ^! words 7        
address$ by ! ,"l to 8 apo/les--to !    
elect ( ! elect--) p>ticul> ref]5ce to !
 s9 ( betray+ ! ,son ( man1 :i* 0       

exemplifi$ by ! outw>d act ( ,judas1 :o 
also by 8 self-de/ruction exhibit$ !    
damnatory p[] ( ! inw>d consci\sness (  
su* guilt4  ,! exce$+ s9fulness ( su*   
apo/asy z t :i* ,judas1 *os5 to be #hc  
an apo/le1 0 guilty (1 may be assign$ z 
! reason t x 0 d5\nc$ by our ,"l 9 t]ms 
:i* d n appe> to h be5 appli$ to any o!r
 k9d ( transgression 7comp>e ,acts i4   
#ag1 #be74  ,9 ,heb4 x4 #bf1 #bg1 we are
 taught t if we s9 wilfully aft] t we h 
receiv$ ! k ( ! tru?1 !re rema9e? no m  
sacrifice = s9s1 b a c]ta9 look+ = (    
judgm5t & fi]y indignation1 :i* %all    
dev\r ! adv]s>ies4  ,?is is apo/asy n ( 
! same degree & "* z t ( a *os5 apo/le1 
b /ill is su* t ! call$ are n exempt f  
fall+ into x1 z is cle>ly impli$ by !   
t5or ( ?is passage4  ,to ^? :o ?us fall 
& d n rep5t1 is res]v$ ! fi]y           
indignation 7pyros zylos71 :i* is de/9$ 
h]eaft] to dev\r ! adv]s>ies4  ,x may be
 presum$ t ! adv]s>ies ?us specially    
ref]r$ to are ^? ( :om x is said 9 ,rev4
 xx4 #i1 t hav+ be5 deceiv$ by ,satan1  

aft] _! resurrection at ! end ( ! ?\s&  
ye>s1 & ga!r$ toge!r 9 w>f>e aga9/ !    
belov$ city1 !y 7 dev\r$ by fire f ,god 
out ( heav54  ,accord+ly _! de/ruction  
is id5tical ) ! second dea?4  #b ,pet]  
ii4 #bj1 #ba1 is a passage ( l import to
 t j consid]$4  ,x is !re9 ass]t$ ( ^?  
:o are ov]come by ! pollutions ( ! _w   
aft] hav+ escap$ !m ?r\gh ! k ( ! ,"l & 
,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/1 t x _h be5 #hd    
bett] = !m n to h kn[n ! way (          
righte\sness1 ?an1 aft] !y h kn[n x1 to 
turn f ! holy comm&m5t deliv]$ to !m4   
,?is may be tak5 to signify t ! puni%m5t
 9 ! day ( judgm5t consequ5t ^u s9 &    
error aris+ out ( ignorance1 w be m     
tol]able ?an t :i* w be inflict$ on ^?  
:o h kn[+ly apo/atiz$ f ! way ( tru?4   
,:at is said 9 ,matt4 xviii4 #f1 ,:oso  
%all (f5d "o ( ^! little ones t believe 
9 me1 x 7 bett] = him t a mill/one 7    
hang$ ab\t 8 neck1 & t he 7 dr[n$ 9 !   
dep? ( ! sea1 may be acc\nt$ = on !     
pr9ciple t any =m ( dea? ( :i* ! body is
 susceptible 9 ?is _w is r to be endur$1

 & less to be fe>$1 ?an ! puni%m5t :i*1 
?r\gh ! judgm5t 9 ! _w to come1 awaits !
 enemies ( ,*ri/ :o put a /umbl+-block 9
 ! way ( !m t humble !mselves z little  
*ildr5 & believe on him4  ,analog\s     
pr9ciples may be appli$ to acc\nt = !   
decl>ations made 9 ,scripture respect+  
blasphemy aga9/ ! ,holy ,_s4  ,9 ,/4    
,matt4 xii4 #ca1 #hb1 x is record$ t our
 ,"l said1 ,all s9 & blasphemy %all be  
=giv5 to m51 b ! blasphemy ( ! ,_s %all 
n be =giv5 to m54  ,& :oev] speake? a ^w
 aga9/ ! ,son ( man1 x %all be =giv5    
him2 b :oev] speake? aga9/ ! ,holy ,_s1 
x %all n be =giv5 him1 #he nei!r 9 ?is  
_w1 nor 9 ! _w to come4  ,! same doctr9e
 is ?us express$ 9 ,/4 ,m>k iii4 #bh1   
#bi3 ,v]ily ,i say to y1 all s9s %all be
 =giv5 to ! sons ( m51 & all blasphemies
 :atev] :]e) !y may blaspheme4  ,b :oev]
 %all blaspheme aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/ ha? 
nev] =giv5ess1 b is subject to ! judgm5t
 9 ! future ain 7eno*os e/9 aini\       
krises74  ,f ! latt] evangeli/ we also  
le>n t our ,"l spoke ^! words because ! 

scribes f ,j]usalem _h said1 ,he ha? an 
unclean _s4  ,x is p>ticul>ly to be     
notic$ t bo? passages decl>e 9 ! fulle/ 
mann] t all mann] ( s9 & blasphemy %all 
be =giv5 to m51 at ! same "t t !y       
pron\nce t blasphemy 7n s91 am>tia7     
aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/ is n =giv54  ,to    
acc\nt = ?is app>5t contradiction1 x mu/
 be rememb]$ t ! =giv5ess1 or remission 
7aphesis7 ( s91 necess>ily implies      
antec$5ce ( law & transgression ( ! law2
 & :]eas ,/4 ,paul tea*es t ! law ent]$ 
t transgression might ab\nd 7,rom4 v4   
#bj71 x is q consi/5t ) ?is doctr9e to  
f9d t 9 ! gospel ( ,*ri/ provision is   
made = ! remission ( all s9 & blasphemy4
  ,n[1 su* remission consi/s 9 rep5tance
 t[>ds ,god & fai? t[>ds our ,"l ,jesus 
,*ri/ 7,acts xx4 #ba72 & !re=e1 :5 !    
gift ( righte\sness 7i4e4 ! grace (     
,*ri/7 is receiv$1 ! believ] beg9s to   
p>take #hf ( a _s su* z t :i* 0 )\t     
measure 9 ,*ri/4  ,?is is ess5tially a  
holy _s1 ! antec$5t ( :i* 9 ,jesus ,*ri/
 0 p]fect righte\sness4 ,!re=e ! scribes

 blasphem$ :5 !y said ( ,*ri/1 ,he ha?  
an unclean _s1 x n be+ possible t a     
p]fectly righte\s body c be ! vessel (  
an unclean _s4  ,b x is possible t !    
fai?ful1 aft] receiv+ ! grace ( ,*ri/ & 
fell[%ip ( ! ,_s1 may by unrighte\s     
conduct grieve ! ,holy ,_s 7,eph4 iv4   
#hj71 & ev5 by p]si/5ce 9 s9 defile !   
gift ( ! ,_s :i* _h be5 imp>t$ to !m4   
,9 ! =ego+ passage f ,/4 ,mat!w xii41 x 
is said t !re is =giv5ess = "o :o       
speake? aga9/ ! ,son ( man1 :i*         
expression may signify1 g5]ally1 wilful 
& ov]t opposition to ! law ( ,*ri/      
7,gal4 vi4 #b72 b t !re is no =giv5ess =
 "o :o speaks aga9/ ! ,holy ,_s1 i4e4 "o
 :o by wilful & ov]t conduct does       
viol5ce to ! sanctify+ influ5ce ( !     
,holy ,_s :i* he has already p>tak5 (4  
,( su* an "o x is writt5 9 ,heb4 x4 #bi1
 he ha? trodd5 und]foot ! ,son ( ,god1 &
 ha? c\nt$ ! blood ( ! cov5ant :]e) he 0
 sanctifi$ an unholy ?+1 & ha? done     
despite to ! ,_s ( grace4  ,b n e s9    
committ$ aft] fai? & ! baptism (        

rep5tance has ?is effect4  ,! apo/le    
,john tells u t al?\gh all              
unrighte\sness #hg 7adikia1             
transgression ( ! /rict law ( ,*ri/7 is 
s91 !re is s9 ( a believ+ bro!r :i* is n
 unto dea?1 & may be rep5t$ ( 9 ?is _w2 
& !re is s9 unto dea?1 respect+ :i*     
pray] = rep5tance w\ld be unavail+ 7#a  
,epi/4 v4 #af1 #ag74 ,?is is ! blasphemy
 ( ! ,_s1 :i* is n =giv5 9 ?is _w1      
because =giv5ess implies rep5tance2     
nei!r is x =giv5 9 ! _w to come1 because
 beyond ! grave !re is no rep5tance4    
,:at rema9s = su* s9n]s is ! oeonian    
judgm5t 7see p4 #fi7 m5tion$ 9 ,/4 ,m>k 
iii4 #bi1 & ! sor] puni%m5t spok5 ( 9   
,heb4 x4 #bi1 :i* is ! same z !         
condemnation to ! second dea? consequ5t 
^u t judgm5t4  7,i take occasion to     
rem>k t 9 ,m>k iii4 #bi1 in/ead (       
krises1 "s e>ly manuscripts h           
am>itmatos1 :i*1 z f> z ,i c see1 does n
 admit ( be+ int]pret$ consi/5tly ) !   
context & ! usage ( eno*os47  ,!re is   
/ill ano!r passage--,m>k ix4            

#db-ej--:i*1 on acc\nt ( its peculi>    
significance1 x is necess>y to discuss )
 ref]5ce to ! ,scriptural argum5t =     
immortality4  ,x w suffice = conduct+ ! 
discussion to cite vv4 #dc & #dd1 !     
lit]al translation ( :i* is z           
foll[s3--,if ?y h& cause !e to (f5d1 cut
 x (f3 x is well = !e to ent] into life 
maim$1 r ?an hav+ two h&s to g into     
ge5na1 into ! unqu5*able fire1 :]e _!   
worm die? n1 & ! fire is n #hh qu5*$4   
,! conclud+ "p ( ?is text is evid5tly   
d]iv$ f ,isaiah lxvi4 #bd1 :]e ! prophet
 reveals t ! ,"l has said respect+ !    
wor%ipp]s1 consi/+ ( all fle%1 t %all   
come be=e him :5 ! new heav5s & ! new   
e>? are e/abli%$1 t !y %all g =? & look 
^u ! c>cases ( ! m5 t h transgress$     
aga9/ me3 = _! worm %all n die1 nei!r   
%all _! fire be qu5*$3 & !y %all be an  
abhorr+ unto all fle%4  ,?is passage has
 s important a be>+ on ! s5se ( t quot$ 
above f ,/4 ,m>k1 t we mu/ by all means 
endeav\r to f9d out its int]pretation4  
,respect+ ,biblical ,int]pretation1     

,burnet 9 "o ( 8 treatises has enunciat$
 two pr9ciples1 :i* _c b be ass5t$ to3  
fir/1 t besides ! portions ( ,scripture 
:i* h a lit]al or hi/orical mean+1 !re  
are o!rs :i* mu/ be tak5 allegorically2 
&1 secondly1 t an allegorical mean+1 is 
to be admitt$ :5 ! lit]al s5se involves 
an absurdity1 or contradiction to !     
nature ( ?+s4#b  ,! "r application ( ^! 
pr9ciples may be said to con/itute a    
l>ge portion ( ! sci5ce ( ,scripture4 ,b
 9 apply+ !m x is (t5 difficult to      
decide1 respect+ a p>ticul> passage1    
:e!r x is to be #hi tak5 lit]ally or    
allegorically2 & aga91 aft] decid+ t !  
passage mu/ be allegorical1 !re is      
g5]ally ! /ill great] difficulty (      
discov]+ :at ! true s5se is4  ,9        
illu/ration ( ! second ( ! above        
pr9ciples ,burnet cites1 ap>t f !       
context1 v]mem nunquam moriturum1 &     
admits t ^! words h an allegorical      
signification4  ,?is pla9ly foll[s f !  
s+le consid]ation t ! worm 7sklx7 "h    
spok5 ( is lit]ally t :i* is se5 to fe$ 

on dead bodies1 & to say ( x t x does n 
die is contradictory to exp]i5ce4  ,:51 
h[ev]1 ! same au?or goes on to give z ! 
allegorical s5se no?+ m def9ite ?an     
extremam mis]iam1 x may well be ask$1   
,by :at k9d ( induction has ?is         
conclusion be5 rea*$8  ,! feeble worm   
:i* fe$s on mortal rema9s pres5ts to our
 sight no?+ capable ( caus+ pa9 or      
mis]y4 ,r x may1 ,i ?9k1 be ass]t$ t    
,scripture "h adv]ts to ?is natural fact
 = ! purpose ( indicat+ by a di/9ct &   
visible emblem t !re is a liv+ pr9ciple 
:i* de/roys mortality1 & :i* = t reason 
alone is n itself subject to dea?4  ,if 
we be guid$ solely by :at we see ) our  
eyes1 ?is appe>s to be ! only           
allegorical s5se t c be attribut$ to !  
fir/ clause ( ,m>k ix4 #dd4c  ,we h next
 to inquire z to ! #ij int]pretation ( !
 o!r clause1 & :at is ! mutual relation 
betwe5 ! two clauses4  ,al?\gh ! worm   
:i* dev\rs dead bodies is n emblematic (
 any?+ t causes pa91 ! case is q o!rwise
 ) respect to ! emblematic mean+ ( fire4

  ,x is evid5t t fire :i* is unqu5*able 
is n natural fire1 & consequ5tly may be 
tak5 to be1 z has already be5 assum$1 ! 
dev\r+ fire ( judgm5t & ( condemnation  
consequ5t ^u violation ( ! law (        
righte\sness 7see p4 #hh74  ,!          
de/ruction ( ! imp5it5t unrighte\s by ! 
op]ation ( ?is law 7:i* is _! second    
dea?71 is att5d$ ) pa9 & woe su* z w n h
 be5 be=e1 nor w be aft]4  ,x 0 inf]r$  
7p4 #hd7 f our ,"l's tea*+ 9 ,matt4     
xviii4 #f1 t any =m ( dea? ( :i* ! body 
is susceptible 9 ?is _w is r to be      
endur$ ?an fall+ "u condemnation 9 ! _w 
to come4  ,9 ,m>k ix4 #db-dh1 we are    
taught t any =m ( bodily pa91 z t ( los+
 a h&1 a foot1 or an eye1 is to be      
pref]r$ to ent]+ ) ! body :ole into !   
ge5na ( fire4  ,?is is1 9 fact1 at once 
! greate/ & ! la/ ( human suff]+ &      
tribulation4  ,= x %\ld be notic$ t at !
 end ( ?is v passage 7v4 #di7 x is said 
t e "o %all be salt$ made 'good1' v4 #ej
 ) fire1 signify+ ! effect f9ally       
produc$ by ! unqu5*able fire4  ,& ) ?is 

agrees ! emblem #ia ( ! worm t die? n1  
tak5 z indicat+ t ! f9al effect ( !     
torm5t ( ! judgm5t is to swall[ up dea?1
 & to br+ 91 by e/abli%+ ! reign (      
righte\sness1 life & immortality4  ,!   
signification ( "o emblem mu/ be tak5 9 
conjunction ) t ( ! o!r4  ,moreov]1 by  
giv+ p>ticul> att5tion to ! context (   
,isa4 lxvi4 #bd1 x w be se5 t :at is !re
 reveal$ is q 9 accordance ) ! above    
int]pretation4  ,=1 fir/1 9 v4 #af we h1
 ,by fire & by 8 sword ! sword ( ! ,^w (
 ,god spok5 ( 9 ,rev4 xix4 #ae w ! ,"l  
plead ) all fle%1 t is1 9 ! judgm5t :i* 
has be5 appo9t$ = ! trial & tribulation 
( all m54 ,!n1 by tak+ into acc\nt :at  
is said 9 vv4 #bb & #bc1 we may ga!r t  
all fle%1 hav+ become d5iz5s ( ! new    
heav5s & ! new e>? 9 :i*1 z ,/4 ,pet]   
decl>es 7#b ,epi/4 iii4 #ac71           
righte\sness dwells1 come to wor%ip !   
,"l4  ,( ^! wor%ipp]s1 consi/+ ( all    
fle%1 x is affirm$ t !y %all g =? & look
 ^u ! c>cases ( ! transgressors1 :i*1 on
 acc\nt ( ! ill sav\r com+ up f !m1 w be

 an abhorr+ to all fle% 7comp>e ,isa4   
xxxiv4 #c74  ,?us !re is "h repres5t$1 b
 by a diff]5t figure1 ! same tru? z t   
:i* has already be5 d$uc$ f ! asc5d+ up 
= ev] & ev] ( ! brim/one smoke ( torm5t 
7see pp4 #fa & #fe72 namely1 #ib t !    
subject+ ( all ! de$s & secrets ( !     
pres5t life to ! scrut9y ( judgm5t1 & ! 
consequ5t condemnation ( all ! unr$eem$ 
to ! pa9s ( a second dea?1 w h ! effect 
( mak+ s9 aga9/ a fai?ful ,creator to be
 se5 & felt to be s hateful & abom9able 
a ?+1 t su* s9 w cease to be possible1  
not)/&+ t all m5 w reta9 individuality &
 volition4  ,= all w ?us at l5g? be made
 new creatures incapable ( s9n+4  ,?is  
rem>k may s]ve to introduce ! f9al /age 
( ! g5]al argum5t1 :i* ,i n[ proce$ to  
ent] ^u4  ,i h be5 endeav\r+ to %[ t !  
symbolic ass]tions 9 ,rev4 xx4 respect+ 
! lake ( fire & its burn+ ) brim/one1 ! 
ca/+ !re9 ( ! devil1 ! bea/1 & ! false  
prophet1 & _! be+ torm5t$ day & night = 
ev] & ev]1 ! judgm5t ( all ! dead1 small
 & great1 accord+ to _! record$ de$s1 ! 

second dea?1 & ! ca/+ into ! lake ( fire
 ( any "o n f\nd writt5 9 ! book ( life1
 d n necessitate1 z is commonly ?\ght1 !
 conclusion t evil1 :i* _h a beg9n+1    
fulfils no purpose & has no end+4  ,z to
 ?is "q ! se] gives1 9 ,rev4 xxi4 #a-d1 
! foll[+ explicit revelation3 ,& ,i saw 
a new heav5 & a new e>?3 = ! fir/ heav5 
& ! fir/ e>? pass$ away2 & !re is no m  
sea4  ,& ,i saw ! holy city1 new        
,j]usalem1 #ic com+ d[n out ( heav5 f   
,god1 prep>$ z a bride adorn$ = h]      
husb&4  ,& ,i he>d a great voice f !    
?rone1 say+1 ,behold1 ! tab]nacle ( ,god
 is ) m51 & ,he w dwell ) !m1 & !y %all 
be ,8 p1 & ,god ,himself w be ) !m1 _!  
,god4  ,& ,god w wipe away e te> f _!   
eyes2 & dea? %all be no m1 nei!r sorr[  
nor cry+1 nei!r %all !re be any m pa93 =
 ! fir/ ?+s pass$ away4  ,n[1 x seems   
h>dly possible t ! ann\ncem5t ( !       
t]m9ation ( evil c\ld be made 9 t]ms m  
direct & m intelligible ?an ^!4 ,h5ce1  
accord+ to ackn[l$g$ pr9ciples (        
,biblical int]pretation1 we mu/ n       

attribute to ! above-m5tion$ symbolic & 
less intelligible passages any mean+    
inconsi/5t ) t ann\ncem5t4 ,! argum5ts  
,i h adduc$ respect+ ! int]pretation ( !
 figurative /atem5ts conta9$ 9 ! latt]  
half ( *ap4 xx4 are direct$ to %[+ t ^! 
figures d1 9 fact1 admit ( mean+s       
consi/5t ) ! gospel revelations giv5 9  
*ap4 xxi4 #a-d4  ,x is ( s mu*          
importance1 z reg>ds ! ,scriptural      
doctr9e ( immortality1 to e/abli% ?is   
po9t1 t ,i propose n[ to supplem5t ! =m]
 argum5ts by additional consid]ations4  
,9 ! ,book ( ,daniel 7xii4 #f1 #g7 we   
read ( a man clo!d 9 l951 :o 0 ^u ! wat]
 ( a riv]1 & held up 8 "r h& & 8 left h&
 unto #id heav51 & sw>e by ,him t live? 
= ev]1 t at ! end ( an appo9t$ "t a     
c]ta9 purpose w\ld be accompli%$1 & all 
^! ?+s be f9i%$4  ,?is ref]s1 z !       
context %[s1 to ! "t ( ! end ( ! pres5t 
age 7ain74 ,! ann\ncem5t made 9 ?is     
mann] by ! man clo!d 9 l95 indicates t  
he is ! precursor ( ! angel ( :om1 9 vv4
 #a1 #b1 #e1 #f1 #g ( ,rev4 x41 ! apo/le

 ,john relates z foll[s3 ,i saw a mighty
 angel come d[n f heav51 clo!d ) a cl\d1
 & a ra9b[ ^u 8 head1 & 8 face z ! sun1 
& 8 feet z pill>s ( fire2 &1 hav+ 9 8 h&
 a little book op51 he set 8 "r foot ^u 
! sea1 & 8 left foot ^u ! e>?4444 &     
lift$ up 8 h& to heav51 & sw>e by ,him t
 live? = ev] & ev]1 :o creat$ heav5 & ! 
?+s !re91 & ! e>? & ! ?+s !re91 & ! sea 
& ! ?+s !re91 t "t %all be no m2 b 9 !  
days ( ! voice ( ! sev5? angel1 9 ! "t  
:5 he is ab\t to s\nd 8 trumpet1 also   
kai1 m]ely indicat+ ! apodosis ! my/]y (
 ,god is f9i%$ 7etele/h1 aor4 ind471    
accord+ to ! gospel ,he made kn[n to ,8 
s]vants ! prophets4 ,! s\nd+s ( ! sev5  
trumpets are significant ( progressive  
/eps 9 ! g5]al judgm5t2 ! days p]ta9+ to
 ! voice ( ! sev5? angel are ^?         
imm$iately prec$+ ! actual s\nd+ ( 8    
trumpet1 :i* ann\nces ! #ie completion  
7z indicat$ by ! numb] sev57 ( ! my/]y (
 ,god's creation 9 "t1 & m>ks ! end ( ! 
age 7ho ain ho melln7 foll[+ ^u !       
conclusion ( ! pres5t age4  ,:5 all t   

p]ta9s to ?is f9al int]val is f9i%$1 !re
 is no m succession ( ev5ts :]eby "t is 
cognizable1 & !re=e "t is no m4  ,!     
might1 & glori\s inve/iture1 & maje/ic  
attitude ( ! angel :o proclaims ?is     
tru?1 conspire to po9t out its great    
significance4  ,! little book 9 8 h& is 
! ^w ( prophecy by :i* we le>n ^!       
my/]ies4  ,x is1 no d\bt1 beyond ! limit
 ( our ?\ghts1 condition$ z we are by   
"t1 to conceive ( a /ate ( ?+s 9 :i* "t 
is no m4 ,app>5tly = ?is reason         
comm5tators h propos$ to translate1     
*ronos ouk e/ai eti1 ! "t %all n be yet1
 or "t %all no m int]v5e4  ,! =m] ( ^!  
translations is exclud$ by ! usage ( ouk
 eti 9 ! analog\s affirmations 9 ,rev4  
xxi4 #a1 #d1 & ! o!r1 :i* is an arbitr>y
 comm5t r ?an a translation1 is = ! same
 reason exclud$4  7,i h pref]r$ ouk e/ai
 eti to ouketi e/ai1 because ! words    
occur 9 ! =m] ord] 9 ea* ( ! ?ree       
in/ances 9 ,rev4 xxi47  ,!re c be no "q 
z to ! philological correctness ( !     
translation1 "t %all be no m4 ,!        

unwill+ness to admit x appe>s to h aris5
 solely f a fix$ p]suasion1 gratuit\sly 
& v g5]ally ent]ta9$1 t "t #if has a    
necess>y exi/5ce1 & !re=e _c come to an 
end4  ,"s h affirm$ t :5 "t ends1       
et]nity beg9s2 :i* is a                 
self-contradictory dogma1 because       
et]nity 7f oetas7 is ess5tially "t4  ,! 
tea*+ ( ,scripture on ?is po9t is       
directly oppos$ to ^! views2 = ! apo/le 
,pet] tells ^? = ^: sake he wrote 8     
second ,epi/le1 to be> 9 m9d ?is "o ?+1 
t "o day is ) ! ,"l z a ?\s& ye>s1 & a  
?\s& ye>s z "o day 7#b ,epi/4 iii4 #h74 
,?is is equival5t to say+ t "t is n an  
indep5d5t entity1 b t bo? its exi/5ce & 
its quality are det]m9$ by ! w ( !      
,creator ( all ?+s4  ,x is 9 virtue (   
our be+ made 9 ,8 image1 & p>tak+       
intellectually ( ! div9e nature1 t we   
are capable 9 ?\ght ( giv+ indef9ite &  
arbitr>y ext5sion to "t1 :e!r x be pa/  
"t or "t to come4  ,?is faculty1 z ,i h 
already argu$ 9 p4 #hj1 is to be plac$ 9
 ! category ( ! diff]5t conditions1 :e!r

 dep5d+ on exp]i5ce ( ! c\rse ( "t1 or  
on affections ( our bodily & m5tal      
con/itutions1 "u :i* ! _s ( man is =m$ =
 immortality4  ,all su* conditions are  
det]m9$ by ! purpose = :i* !y are       
impos$1 & :5 t purpose is fulfill$ 9 !  
p]fection ( humanity ! conditions come  
to an end4  ,x is ?us t ! be+ condition$
 by "t ev5tually ceases4  ,x w be prop] 
"h to meet an objection to ! #ig doctr9e
 t "t w h an end :i* might be drawn f ! 
expression1 eis t\s ainas tn ainn1 :i*  
frequ5tly occurs 9 ,scripture1 & seems  
to be indicative ( an unlimit$          
succession ( ages4  ,s f> z "t is "u    
human cognizance1 & has relation to     
human exp]i5ce1 ,scripture speaks 9     
express t]ms ( only two ages--! pres5t  
"o1 :i* la/s to ! end ( ! g5]ations ( m5
 9 ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s2 & ! age to come1 
:i* embraces ! c\rse ( ! judgm5t ( all  
:o liv$ 9 ! fir/ age1 & t]m9ates ) !    
second dea? ( ^? :o _h no "p 9 ! fir/   
resurrection4  ,:5 x is said ( !        
,creator ( heav5 & e>?1 t ,he is f      

ev]la/+ to ev]la/+ 7apo t\ ainos mes t\ 
ainos su ei1 ,ps4 xc4 #b71 & t ,he live?
 = ev] & ev] 7ho zn eis t\s ainas tn    
ainn1 ,rev4 x4 #f71 ! ^w ain is n us$ to
 signify1 z 9 ! in/ances ( ! two ages j 
m5tion$1 an int]val hav+ beg9n+ & end+1 
b is to be tak5 9 an ab/ract s5se1 d]iv$
 f our ord9>y p]ception ( ! exi/5ce &   
quality ( "t1 & f ! faculty :i*1 z said 
be=e1 we possess ( ?9k+ ( "t z          
indef9itely ext5d$4  ,! fir/ ( ! cit$   
passages affirms :at 9 ^! days we %\ld  
express by say+ t ,god is necess>ily &  
ess5tially self-exi/5t1 & ! o!r1 :at we 
mean by say+ t ,he is necess>ily &      
ess5tially a liv+ ,god4  ,b #ih         
,scripture uses no su* t]ms z ^!1       
because x is writt5 on ! pr9ciple (     
employ+ 9 an ab/ract s5se only su* t]ms 
z are r5d]$ intelligible by p]sonal     
s5sation & obs]vation1 & by exp]i5ce    
drawn "u actual conditions f ! out] _w4 
,x is ?us t ! ^w age acquir$ its prim>y 
mean+1 be=e x 0 susceptible ( ! ab/ract 
application j m5tion$4  ,!re is also to 

be said1 z a reason = accept+ ?is       
doctr9e respect+ our relation to "t1 t  
,scripture tea*es analog\s doctr9e      
respect+ our relation to space4  ,:5 our
 ,"l a/oni%$ 8 disciples by say+ t !    
passage ( a camel ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le 
is n an impossibility1 he expla9$ t ?is 
is impossible ) m51 b n ) ,god2 = ) ,god
 all ?+s are possible 7,m>k x4 #be-bg74 
,by ?is say+ he ass]t$ t space1 & !     
mutual relations ( body & space1 are su*
 z !y are by ! w & p[] ( ,god1 & by !   
same p[] might be *ang$4  ,consid]+1    
!re=e1 t ! new heav5s & ! new e>?       
con/itute a new creation1 x is q 9      
accordance ) ! above inf]5ce f our ,"l's
 words to f9d x said ( ! new ,j]usalem1 
! holy city1 t ! l5g?1 & ! bread?1 & !  
height ( x are equal 7,rev4 xxi4 #af74  
,= a city to be su* z to con=m to ?is   
description1 x is pla9 t mat]ial        
sub/ance & space mu/ #ii be relat$ to   
ea* o!r 9 an entirely new mann]1        
unrecognizable by pres5t exp]i5ce4  ,!  
apo/le ,paul adv]ts to ! ev5tual /atus (

 ! _s ( man ) respect to "t & space :]e 
he says1 ,i am p]suad$ t nei!r dea?1 nor
 life1 nor angels1 nor pr9cipalities1   
nor ?+s pres5t1 nor ?+s to come1 nor    
p[]s1 nor height1 nor dep?1 nor any o!r 
creation1 w be able to sep>ate u f !    
love ( ,god1 :i* is 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus our  
,"l 7,rom4 viii4 #ch1 #ci74 7,9 ?is     
s5t5ce ! recogniz$ passage ( "t1 ! p[]s 
dynameis ( nature1 & ! measurable       
qualities ( space1 seem all to be reg>d$
 z ?+s creat$47  ,also correspond+ to ! 
*ange 9 ! ext]nal creation x is reveal$ 
t !re w be a *ange ( ! outw>d man1 !    
natural body giv+ place to ! spiritual  
body4 ,x w\ld appe>1 !re=e1 f ! :ole ( !
 =ego+ argum5t t our spirits1 aft] be+  
b\nd by e>?ly & temporal conditions1    
und]go complete trans=mation1 be+       
conjo9$ ) bodily ess5ce relat$ 9 a new  
mann] to space1 & be+ also releas$ f !  
condition ( "t4  ,b al?\gh ?is mode (   
exi/5ce may be a necess>y condition ( ! 
immortal /ate1 especially z su* /ate    
embraces associat$ memb]s1 x is n !     

sole1 nor ! pr9cipal1 condition (       
immortality1 z ! rema9d] ( ! argum5t w  
%[4  ,x has already be5 notic$ t ,/4    
,pet] #ajj *>act]izes ! new heav5s & !  
new e>? by say+ t righte\sness dwells   
!re94  ,?is is z mu* z to say t x is a  
p]fect social /ate1 ^: end is at once ! 
glory ( ,god & ! happ9ess ( man4 ,!     
words ( ! apo/le 7#b ,epi/4 iii4 #ac7   
signify t ! new creation1 by satisfy+   
?is condition1 is ! fulfilm5t ( an      
antec$5t promise4  ,n[1 ! argum5t ( ?is 
,essay is 9 entire agreem5t ) ?is       
doctr9e1 inasmu* z x 0 f ! fir/ assum$  
7p4 #i7 t immortality _c consi/ ) any   
o!r ?an a /ate ( righte\sness1 & !n 7pp4
 #ai & #bj7 x 0 argu$ t aft] ,adam's    
transgression a promise 0 made t himself
 & 8 race w\ld ev5tually be exempt f !  
p[] ( ,satan & atta9 to immortality4 ,! 
passage ,rev4 xxi4 #a-d1 quot$ 9 p4 #ib1
 seems to c]tify ! complete fulfilm5t ( 
?is promise & to indicate ! mann] ( its 
fulfilm5t4  ,b !re are o!r passages 9   
?is conclud+ portion ( ! ,apocalypse1   

:i* might be ?\ght to be> a contr>y     
signification1 to :i*1 !re=e1 our       
att5tion mu/ n[ be direct$4  ,9 xxi4 #h 
we h1 ,b ! fe>ful1 & unbeliev+1 & !     
abom9able1 & murd]]s1 & =nicators1 &    
sorc]]s1 & idolat]s1 & all lies1 %all h 
_! "p 9 ! lake :i* burne? ) fire &      
brim/one3 :i* is ! second dea?4  ,if we 
give to ?is symbolism1 z consi/5cy      
requires1 #aja an int]pretation analog\s
 to t appli$ to ,rev4 xx4 #aj1 we %all  
conclude t s9n]s ( all classes w        
ev5tually h no cognizable exi/5ce1      
transgression be+ br\ght to an end by ! 
effect ( ! g5]al judgm5t & ! pa9s ( !   
second dea?4  ,?is may expla9 :y x is   
add$1 :i* is ! second dea?4  ,x is wor?y
 ( rem>k t all lies are said to h _! "p 
9 ! lake al?\gh ! ca/+ ( lies into a    
lake is objectively an impossibility4   
,b ?is v>iation ( ! designation 7lies   
be+ put = li>s7 may be int5d$ to signify
 g5]ally t all transgression disappe>s1 
because transgressors cease to be       
cognizable z transgressors4  ,!re is    

ano!r ?+ to be notic$ respect+ ! same   
passage3 x conta9s no su* clause z1 ,!y 
%all be torm5t$ day & night to ! ages ( 
ages1 :i* occurs at ! end ( ,rev4 xx4   
#aj4  ,?is omission may be acc\nt$ = on 
! pr9ciple /at$ 9 p4 #if1 accord+ to :i*
 expressions involv+ "t are n applicable
 to ! condition ( ?+s 9 ! new creation1 
9 :i* "t exi/s no m4  ,i take ! occasion
 to rem>k "h t ! above-cit$ clause      
appe>s to be ! only passage 9 !         
,apocalypse :i* ass]ts ! p]petuity (    
p]sonal exp]i5ce ( torm5t1 z di/9ct f ! 
p]petuity ( its effect2 also t ! p]sonal
 subject ( ! v]b basani/hsontia1 accord+
 to grammatical rules1 w\ld be ! devil1 
! bea/1 & ! #ajb false prophet1 ea* (   
:i* is repres5t$ z p]sonal1 & end[$ )   
volition & p[]4  ,b ^!1 z ,i h ma9ta9$ 9
 p4 #fa1 are ! p[]s :i*1 accord+ to !   
law ( opposites1 are antagoni/ to ,god !
 ,fa!r1 ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ! ,son ( ,god2 
& ! ass]tion t !y are torm5t$ = ev] &   
ev] may be tak5 to mean1 accord+ to !   
pr9ciple ( int]pretation expla9$ 9 p4   

#ig1 t !y exi/ necess>ily1 b only z !y  
exi/1 :5 subdu$1 9 ! contempt & hatr$ 9 
:i* !y are held by ^? :o h felt _! p[] &
 h ov]come x1 ?is spiritual effect be+ a
 condition ( immortality4  7,see end (  
p4 #fa47  ,x rema9s to speak ( "o o!r   
subject connect$ ) ! revelations made 9 
! ,apocalypse1 :i*1 und]/ood z x        
respects our argum5t1 is ( v great      
mom5t1 inasmu* z x has relation to !    
means by :i* ! _s ( man is end[$ )      
immortality4  ,! ,son ( ,god is nam$ 9 !
 ,apocalypse ,! ,^w ( ,god 7xix4 #ah71  
,k+ ( k+s & ,"l ( lords 7xvii4 #ad1 &   
xix4 #af71 ! root & ! (fspr+ ( ,david1 !
 bright & morn+ /> 7xxii4 #af71 & by o!r
 titles expressive ( hon\r & dignity2 b 
no "n occurs s frequ5tly1 & 9 su* v>i\s 
applications1 z ! ,lamb4  ,:at1 x may be
 ask$1 is ! reason = ?is8  ,9 ord] to   
answ] ?is "q let u take into            
consid]ation "s in/ances1 specially #ajc
 significant1 9 :i* ?is "n occurs4  ,f  
:at is record$ 9 *ap4 v4 #f-ac z hav+   
be5 se5 9 vision by ! apo/le1 we are    

in/ruct$ z foll[s respect+ ! "* & (fice 
( ! ,lamb3 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! ?rone ! seat ( 
! ,"l ,god ,almighty & ( ! f\r liv+     
be+s1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! eld]s1 /ood a ,lamb
 z x _h be5 sla91 hav+ sev5 horns       
emblematic ( p]fect p[] & sev5 eyes     
p]fection ( wisdom1 :i* are ! sev5      
,spirits ( ,god s5t =? into all ! e>?4  
,& he came & took out ( ! "r h& ( ,him  
:o sat ^u ! ?rone a book seal$ ) sev5   
seals4  ,& :5 he _h tak5 ! book1 ! f\r  
liv+ be+s & f\r & tw5ty eld]s fell d[n  
be=e ! ,lamb4444  ,& !y sung a new song1
 say+1 ,?\ art wor?y to take ! book1 &  
to op5 ! seals !re(2 = ?\ wa/ sla94  ,!n
 an innum]able company ( angels 7,heb4  
xii4 #bb7 0 he>d to say ) a l\d voice1  
,wor?y is ! ,lamb t 0 sla9 to receive   
p[]1 & ri*es1 & wisdom1 & /r5g?1 &      
hon\r1 & glory1 & bless+4  ,& e creat$  
?+ :i* is 9 heav51 & on ! e>?1 & "u !   
e>?1 & su* z are 9 ! sea1 & all ?+s 9   
!m1 7 he>d to say1 ,bless+1 & hon\r1 &  
glory1 & p[] be unto ,him t sitte? ^u ! 
?rone1 & unto ! ,lamb = ev] & ev]4  ,!n 

foll[s 9 *ap4 vi4 ! op5+ ( ! sev5 #ajd  
seals1 :i*1 f ! descriptions giv5 at !  
successive op5+s1 appe> to symbolize !  
v>i\s k9ds ( human exp]i5ce1 bo? good & 
evil1 :i* m>k ! c\rse ( ev5ts 9 ! pres5t
 _w1 all c5t]+ 9 ! "w ( r$emption by !  
sacrifice ( ! ,son ( ,god2 on :i* acc\nt
 ! ,lamb sla9 c alone op5 ! sev5 seals &
 disclose _! mean+4  ,at ! end ( :at is 
said relative to ! six? seal m5tion is  
made ( ! great day ( ! wra? ( ! ,lamb1  
:i*1 because by reason ( ! s9s ( m5 he 0
 s unju/ly sla91 is orda9$ to be se5 &  
felt by ! :ole _w aft] ! t]m9ation ( !  
pres5t age 7see ,rev4 i4 #g74  ,!       
expectation ( t wra?1 al?\gh none c     
escape x1 all b v few 9 ! pres5t day are
 unwill+1 ?r\gh t]ror or unbelief1 to   
ent]ta94  ,! /ate ( t]ror ( all classes 
at ! signs ( ! approa* ( t day appe>s to
 be describ$ at ! end ( ! *apt]4  7,see 
vi4 vv4 #ae-ag47  ,next1 9 *ap4 vii41   
comes ! seal+ ( all ! elect1 repres5t$  
symbolically by ! seal+ ( twelve ?\s& ( 
ea* ( ! twelve tribes ( ,israel1 ! numb]

 twelve specially signify+ election4 ,!n
 9 vv4 #i-ag is record$ a mo/ wond]ful  
vision4  ,! se] says1 ,aft] ?is ,i      
beheld1 &1 lo1 a great multitude1 :om no
 man c\ld numb]1 ( all nations1 &       
tribes1 & peoples1 & tongues1 /&+ be=e !
 ?rone & be=e ! ,lamb1 clo!d ) :ite #aje
 robes1 & palms 9 _! h&s3 & !y cry ) a  
l\d voice1 say+1 ,salvation to our ,god 
:o sitte? ^u ! ?rone1 & to ! ,lamb4 ,?is
 multitude :om no man c numb]1 ! numb] (
 :om is else:]e said to be z ! s& ( !   
sea1 mu/ embrace all t are n ( ! numb] (
 ! elect$ & seal$ "o hundr$ & =ty-f\r   
?\s&1 & _! ascription "h ( praise to    
,god = salvation accords ) ! tea*+ ( ,/4
 ,paul1 t ,god is ! ,savi\r ( all m51   
especially ( ^? t believe4  ,?is is made
 /ill pla9] by :at is said respect+ ?is 
multitude clo!d 9 :ite robes 9 vv4      
#ad-ag4  ,! se] is told by "o ( ! eld]s 
t ,^! are !y :o come out ( ! great      
tribulation1 & wa%$ _! robes1 & made !m 
:ite 9 ! blood ( ! ,lamb4  ,!re=e are !y
 be=e ! ?rone ( ,god1 & s]ve ,him day & 

night 9 ,8 temple2 & ,he t sitte? on !  
?rone %all dwell among !m4  ,& !y %all  
hung] no m1 nei!r ?ir/ any m2 nei!r %all
 ! sun light on !m1 nor any heat4  ,= ! 
,lamb :o is 9 ! mid/ ( ! ?rone w fe$ !m1
 & w lead !m to f\nta9s ( wat]s ( life2 
& ,god w wipe away all te>s f _! eyes4  
,x is evid5t t ! revelation "h made is  
proleptical1 describ+ a /ate ( ?+s      
id5tical ) t :i* 9 ,rev4 xxi4 #c1 #d    
7be=e quot$ 9 p4 #ic71 is said to p]ta9 
to ! new heav5s & ! #ajf new e>?4  ,!   
explanation t may be giv5 ( ?is         
anticipation ( ! subsequ5t revelation is
 ref]able to a pr9ciple :i* gov]ns mu* t
 is conta9$ 9 ,scripture1 al?\gh x has  
be5 g5]ally ov]look$--! pr9ciple1       
namely1 ( foll[+ sometimes an ord]      
det]m9$ by relativity1 al?\gh x sets    
aside ord] z to "t4  ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n  
done except = "s purpose4  ,9 ! pres5t  
in/ance1 ! effect ( decl>+ ! salvation (
 all m5 9 imm$iate sequ5ce to ! seal+ ( 
! elect = salvation1 is to indicate t ! 
g5]al s*eme :]eby all ev5tually p>take (

 salvation consi/s ( relat$ &           
progressive p>ts to be unfold$ by c\rse 
( "t4  ,! "n ( ! ,lamb is also giv5 to  
our ,"l 9 v>i\s o!r passages1 :i*1 ) !  
view ( contribut+ to ! g5]al argum5t1 ,i
 proce$ n[ to cite & make "s rem>ks ^u4 
,! accus] ( ! bre?r5 7,satan7 is ov]come
 by ^? :o lov$ n _! lives unto dea?1 on 
acc\nt ( ! blood ( ! ,lamb 7xii4 #aj1   
#aa74  ,! bea/ w be wor%ipp$ by all     
dwell]s ^u e>? ^: names are n writt5 9 !
 book ( life ( ! ,lamb sla9 f !         
f\ndation ( ! _w 7xiii4 #h74  ,a ,lamb  
/ood on ! m\nt ,sion1 & ) him an hundr$ 
=ty & f\r ?\s&1 hav+ 8 ,fa!r's "n writt5
 on _! =eheads4444  ,^! are !y :o foll[ 
! ,lamb :]esoev] he goe?4  #ajg ,^! 7   
pur*as$ f among m51 ! fir/fruits to ,god
 & to ! ,lamb 7xiv4 #a1 #d74  ,!        
wor%ipp]s ( ! bea/ %all be torm5t$ )    
fire & brim/one 9 ! pres5ce ( ! holy    
angels & 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,lamb 7xiv4    
#aj74  ,^? :o h gott5 ! victory ov] !   
bea/ s+ ! song ( ,moses ! s]vant ( ,god1
 & ! song ( ! ,lamb1 say+1 ,great &     

m>vell\s are ?y works1 ,"l ,god         
,almighty2 j & true are ?y ways1 ?\ ,k+ 
( ! nations4 ,:o %all n fe> !e1 ,o ,"l1 
& glorify ?y "n8 = ?\ only art holy3 =  
all nations %all come & wor%ip be=e !e1 
because ?y judgm5ts are made manife/    
7xv4 #b-d74  ,! law giv5 by ,moses1 & ! 
gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 con/itute toge!r 
a great & wond]ful oeconomy1 r$\nd+ to !
 praise & glory ( ,god1 & to ! salvation
 ( man4  ,k+s ( ! e>? %all make w> ) !  
,lamb1 & ! ,lamb %all ov]come !m1       
because he is ,"l ( lords & ,k+ ( k+s1 &
 !y t are ) him are call$1 & elect1 &   
fai?ful 7xvii4 #ad74  ,! m>riage ( !    
,lamb & 8 bride--t is1 ! union ( ,*ri/ )
 ! :ole assembly ( ! r$eem$--does n take
 place till ! wife has made h]self      
ready1 till %e has array$ h]self 9 ! f9e
 l951 clean & :ite1 :i* x 0 giv5 h] to  
put on1 ! f9e l95 be+ ! righte\sness (  
sa9ts 7xix4 #g1 #h74  ,?is doctr9e      
accords well #ajh ) ! view tak5 ?r\gh\t 
?is ,essay1 namely1 t righte\sness 7!   
unspeakable gift1 #b ,cor4 ix4 #ae7 is  

necess>y z an antec$5t condition (      
salvation1 & !re=e ( immortality4 ,x is 
fur!r to be notic$ t ?is union betwe5 ! 
,lamb & ! bride is n p]fect$ :ile "t    
la/s1 requir+ ! condition ( a new       
creation4  ,= x 0 n till ! fir/ heav5 & 
! fir/ e>? pass$ away t ,john saw ! holy
 city1 new ,j]usalem1 com+ d[n f ,god   
out ( heav51 prep>$ z a bride adorn$ =  
h] husb& 7xxi4 #b71 & t ! ,lamb's wife 0
 %[n to him by "o ( ! sev5 angels t _h !
 sev5 vials full ( ! la/ sev5 plagues   
7xxi4 #i74  ,! p]=mance ( ?is (fice by  
an angel :o 9 ! antec$5t judgm5t _h be5 
a m9i/] ( wra? & puni%m5t1 may be tak5  
to be significant ( ! means by :i* !    
glori\s consummation is br\ght ab\t4    
,f9ally1 we h 9 ! foll[+ conclud+       
portions ( apocalyptic prophecy a       
description ( :at may be said to        
con/itute ! joy ( ! m>riage supp]1      
namely1 ! p]fection ?r\gh righte\sness1 
n only ( ! union betwe5 ,*ri/ & ! elect 
,*ur*1 b also ( t betwe5 ,god & all     
peoples4  ,speak+ ( ! holy city         

,j]usalem1 ,john says1 ,i saw no temple 
!re92 = ! ,"l ,god ,almighty & ! ,lamb  
are ! temple ( x4  ,& ! city ha? no ne$ 
( ! sun1 nei!r ( ! #aji moon1 to %9e on 
x2 = ! glory ( ,god gave light to x1 & !
 ,lamb is ! lamp !re(4  ,& ! nations    
%all walk by ! light ( x1 & ! k+s ( !   
e>? br+ _! glory into x4  ,& ! gates ( x
 %all n be %ut by day1 = !re w n be     
night !re4  ,& !y %all br+ ! glory &    
hon\r ( ! nations into x4  ,& !re %all n
 ent] into x any?+ unclean1 & t worke?  
abom9ation & ly+1 b only !y t are writt5
 9 ! ,lamb's book ( life 7xxi4 #bb-bg74 
,! se] goes on to say1 ,& he %[$ me a   
riv] ( wat] ( life1 bright z cry/al1    
com+ =? f ! ?rone ( ,god & ( ! ,lamb4   
,9 ! mid/ ( ! /reet ( x & ( ! riv]1 on !
 "o side & ! o!r ! riv] be+ 9 ! middle (
 ! /reet1 & ! tree spread+ f "o side to 
! o!r1 0 ! tree ( life1 produc+ twelve  
fruits1 & yield+ its fruit accord+ to   
ea* mon?2 & ! leaves ( ! tree are = !   
heal+ ( ! nations4  ,& !re %all be no m 
curse2 & ! ?rone ( ,god & ( ! ,lamb %all

 be 9 x1 & ,8 s]vants %all s]ve ,him3 & 
!y %all see ,8 face1 & ,8 "n %all be on 
_! =eheads4  ,& night %all be no m3 & !y
 %all h no ne$ ( light ( a lamp1 & light
 ( ! sun2 because ! ,"l ,god w give !m  
light1 & !y %all reign to ! ages ( ages 
7xxii4 #a-e74  ,! =ego+ citations1 &    
inde$ ! :ole t5or ( ! cont5ts ( !       
,apocalypse1 cle>ly po9t to ! #aaj      
conclusion t :at is symboliz$ by ! ,lamb
 & ! ,lamb sla9 runs ?r\gh all x tea*es 
respect+ ! c\rse ( exp]i5ce & future    
de/9ation ( ! race ( man--is ! lamp t   
enlight5s ! :ole4  ,n[1 ,i ?9k ,i may   
ass]t t ! reason ?is is s is giv5 by !  
argum5ts adduc$ 9 ?is ,essay4  ,x has   
be5 ma9ta9$ t on ! day t ,adam fell into
 disob$i5ce by ! wiles ( ,satan1 8      
,creator made a promise by cov5ant t he 
& 8 (fspr+ %\ld 9 ! end be fre$ f ! p[] 
( ,satan & evil1 & p>take ( immortality4
 ,! t]ms ( ! cov5ant 7 t man mu/ pass   
?r\gh toil1 & pa91 & dea?1 t !reby 8 _s 
might be =m$ = receiv+ ! gift ( an      
immortal life4  ,evid5ce ( an intellig5t

 belief ( ! efficacy ( ^! conditions 0  
giv5 by ! fai?ful ( old by _! sacrific+ 
clean animals1 & surety = ! fulfilm5t ( 
! cov5ant 0 giv5 on ,god's "p by a      
fav\rable acceptance1 ei!r directly or  
m$iately1 ( ?is expression ( _! fai?4   
,9 process ( "t ! only begott5 ,son (   
,god1 out ( sympa?y ) suff]+ humanity1 &
 f k ( 8 ,fa!r's purpose t[>ds u1       
satisfi$ 9 8 own p]son ! v same         
conditions1 & ?us at once exemplifi$ &  
ju/ifi$ ! means by :i* t purpose is     
accompli%$4  ,at ! same "t he made sure 
! gr\nds = belief ( ! fulfilm5t ( !     
cov5ant$ promise1 fir/ by m>vell\s #aaa 
works be=e he suff]$1 :i* %[$ t he _h   
comm& ov] all ! ills ( humanity1 & aft] 
8 dea?1 by resurrection f ! grave ! ?ird
 day1 :i* gave pro( ( ! reality ( a p[] 
t c\ld ov]come dea?4  ,! miracles (     
,*ri/ are an ess5tial "p ( ! "w ( 8     
m9i/ry1 inasmu* z !y 7 ne$$ to prove t  
he possess$ p[] great] ?an t ( 8        
adv]s>ies1 & consequ5tly t he submitt$  
volunt>ily to be l$ z a lamb to !       

slaught]1 & to endure all ! pa9 &       
indignities ( ! cross4 ,out ( love t[>ds
 ^? :om he v\*safes to call 8 bre?r51 he
 %[$ h[ !y mu/ und]go physical suff]+ & 
! pa9s ( dea? 9 ord] t _! spirits might 
be =m$ = an endless life4  ,x 0 )       
und]/&+ & belief t ! way to life 0 made 
sure by fell[%ip ) ,*ri/ 9 suff]+1 t "s 
( ! mo/ fav\r$ ( 8 fai?ful foll[]s1     
apo/les & apo/olic m51 will+ly suff]$   
aft] 8 example4  ,b pa9 & dea? are n 9  
?is way efficaci\s = salvation1 unless  
!y be accompani$ by a fai? :i* lays hold
 ( ! cov5ant & promise ( life made &    
ratifi$ f ! beg9n+ by ,god1 & :i* looks 
= ! fulfilm5t 9 ! _w to come4  ,^? :o1  
hav+ ?is fai?1 d good works are ,god's  
elect1 :o live aga9 at ! fir/           
resurrection1 to die no m4  ,! re/ (    
mank9d1 al?\gh !y g ?r\gh suff]+ & dea?1
 & al?\gh _! #aab suff]+s are n )\t     
effect 9 =m+ _! spirits = immortality   
7su* is ! virtue ( ! sacrifice ( ! ,son 
( ,god = ! s9s ( ! :ole _w71 rise to be 
judg$ = _! unbelief & unrighte\sness1 & 

to be condemn$ to und]go a second dea?4 
,! ,lamb sla9 is appo9t$ to execute !   
judgm5t & take v5geance on ! unrighte\s4
  ,:at bett] title c\ld !re be = 8      
und]tak+ ?is /range "w 7,isa4 xxviii4   
#ba71 ?an 8 hav+ s cruelly & unju/ly    
suff]$ at ! h&s ( s9ful m58  ,yet !     
portions ( ,scripture we h _h "u        
consid]ation necessitate ! conclusion t 
! consecration ( ! way to life ?r\gh    
dea? by ! dea? ( ! ,son ( ,god1 :i*     
applies to ! dea? ( believ]s1 applies   
also to ! second dea? ( unbeliev]s2 s t 
?is dea? also is foll[$ by life4  ,b "h 
a difficulty pres5ts itself :i* ne$s    
explanation4  ,al?\gh ,scripture speaks 
( a fir/ resurrection & a second dea?1 x
 makes no m5tion ( a second             
resurrection4  ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 may be     
acc\nt$ = z foll[s4  ,by consid]+ !     
context1 bo? prec$+ & foll[+1 ( !       
clause1 ,?is is ! fir/ resurrection1 9  
,rev4 xx4 #e1 x w be app>5t t           
resurrection does n "h mean simply      
return+ to life aft] dea?1 b may be tak5

 to embrace ! :ole p]iod ( ! ?\s& ye>s1 
toge!r ) all t conc]ns ! happy & ! holy 
:o #aac h "p !re94  ,?is int]pretation  
is 9 accordance ) ! s5se 9 :i* our ,"l  
speaks ( resurrection :]e he says1 ,9 ! 
resurrection !y nei!r m>ry nor are giv5 
9 m>riage1 b are z ! angels1 ( ,god 9   
heav5 7,matt4 xxii4 #cj74 ,t !          
resurrection 7h ana/asis7 designates a  
/ate or condition ( life into :i* !     
elect ( ,god are introduc$ by return+ to
 life aft] dea?1 is /ill m explicitly   
signifi$ by ! foll[+ correspond+ passage
 ( ,/4 ,luke 7xx4 #cd-cf73 ,! *ildr5 (  
?is _w m>ry1 & are giv5 9 m>riage2 b !y 
:o are acc\nt$ wor?y to obta9 t _w1 & ! 
resurrection f ! dead1 nei!r m>ry nor   
are giv5 9 m>riage3 nei!r c !y die any  
m2 = !y are equal to ! angels1 & are    
*ildr5 ( ,god1 be+ *ildr5 ( !           
resurrection4  ,n[1 x may c]ta9ly be    
inf]r$ f :at is said 9 ,rev4 xx4 #e1 t !
 re/ ( ! dead1 :o h no "p 9 ?is fir/    
resurrection1 return to life at ! end ( 
! ?\s& ye>s4  ,b !y return to life to be

 judg$1 condemn$1 & suff] dea? aga94    
,?is1 !re=e1 is 9 no s5se a resurrection
 answ]+ to ! description above giv5 ( ! 
fir/ resurrection1 & accord+ly is n     
call$ 9 ,scripture ! second             
resurrection4  ,:at really corresponds  
to ! hol9ess & happ9ess ( ! fir/        
resurrection /ate is ! f9ally p]fect$ & 
all-compreh5d+ /ate call$ ! new heav5 & 
! new e>?1 life 9 :i*1 accord+ to our   
#aad argum5t1 comes out ( ! second & la/
 dea?1 & is uncondition$ by "t4  ,?is is
 ! heav5ly /ate :i* is describ$ 9 ,rev4 
vii4 #aa-ag1 xxi4 #b-d1 & #aj-bg4  ,?us1
 al?\gh ?is may be reg>d$ z t subsequ5t 
resurrection to :i* ! fir/ resurrection 
by its v designation po9ts1 x is n call$
 ! second resurrection1 because x is n1 
l ! fir/1 limit$ or condition$ by "t4   
,! portion ( ! ,apocalypse :i* is       
/rictly symbolical & prophetical beg9s  
at v4 #a ( *ap4 iv4 & ends ) v4 #e (    
*ap4 xxii4  ,! fir/ ?ree *apt]s1 includ+
 ! epi/les to ! sev5 ,*ur*es1 & ! v]ses 
f *ap4 xxii4 #e to ! end ( ! book1 may  

be tak5 to be respectively introduction 
& conclusion1 ! cont5ts ( :i*1 al?\gh   
/rictly relat$ to ^? ( ! int]m$iate     
symbolical "p1 are n ( a "* s           
exclusively figurative4 ,?is circum/ance
 has to be tak5 into acc\nt 9 propos+   
int]pretations ( passages conta9$ 9 !m4 
,n[1 !re are c]ta9 passages 9 ! conclud+
 "p :i* appe> to be contradictory to !  
doctr9e ( salvation ma9ta9$ 9 ?is       
,essay1 & accord+ly1 be=e br++ ! argum5t
 to a close1 ,i %all endeav\r to asc]ta9
 ! true int]pretations ( ^! passages4   
,! angel :o %[$ ,john ^! ?+s 7xxii4 #h7 
says ( himself1 ,i am ! fell[-s]vant (  
!e1 & ( ?y bre?r5 ! prophets1 & ( ^? :o 
#aae keep ! words ( ?is book2 & yet ?is 
speak] is n di/+ui%$ f him :o aft]w>ds  
says 7vv4 #ab1 #ac71 ,lo1 ,i come       
quickly1 & my rew>d is ) me1 to r5d] to 
ea* accord+ z 8 "w is4  ,i am ! ,alpha &
 ! ,omega1 ! fir/ & ! la/1 ! beg9n+ & ! 
end1 :o1 )\t d\bt1 is ! ,"l himself4    
,?is may be acc\nt$ = by ! foll[+       
consid]ations4  ,?is angel1 ( :om x is  

twice ass]t$ t he refus$ to receive     
wor%ip pr(f]$ to him by ! se] 7xix4 #aj1
 & xxii4 #i71 is ! same t is spok5 ( 9  
,rev4 i4 #a1 ) ref]5ce to ! revelation (
 ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i* ,god gave to him1 to 
%ew to 8 s]vants ?+s :i* mu/ %ortly come
 to pass1 9 ^! t]ms3 ,he ,jesus ,*ri/ by
 s5d+ signifi$ x ! revelation ?r\gh 8   
angel to 8 s]vant ,john4 ,9 c]ta9       
passages 9 ! introductory "p ( !        
,apocalypse1 z ,rev4 i4 #h1 #ag-bj1 &   
?r\gh\t ! epi/les to ! sev5 ,*ur*es1 !  
,"l speaks 9 8 own p]son2 & ?is aga9 he 
does expressly 9 "s passages 9 !        
conclud+ "p1 z xxii4 #g1 #ab1 #ac1 #af1 
#bj2 & al?\gh ! speak] 9 vv4 #aj & #aa  
appe>s to be ! same z ! speak] 9 v4 #i1 
:o c]ta9ly is ! angel1 su* words z ^?   
two v]ses conta9 c\ld h>dly h be5 utt]$ 
by any "o b ! ,"l1 &1 at lea/1 !y may be
 attribut$ to him on ! pr9ciple t :at ! 
,"l does ?r\gh 8 m9i/]+ angel may be    
said to be done by himself4  ,x is z    
#aaf m9i/]+ to ,jesus ,*ri/ t ! angel   
calls himself a fell[-s]vant ( prophets 

& apo/les1 &1 g5]ally1 ( ^? :o keep !   
words ( ?is revelation4  ,= ^! reasons 9
 ! foll[+ rem>ks ,i take vv4 #aj & #aa z
 spok5 by ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,! words       
address$ by ! speak] to ,john are 7vv4  
#aj1 #aa73 ,seal n ! say+s ( ! prophecy 
( ?is book2 = ! "t is at h&4 ,he :o is  
unrighte\s1 let him commit inju/ice     
/ill2 & he :o is fil?y1 let him be fil?y
 /ill2 & he :o is righte\s1 let him d   
righte\sness /ill2 & he :o is holy1 let 
him be holy /ill4  ,lo1 ,i come quickly2
 & my rew>d is ) me1 to r5d] to ea* z 8 
"w is4  ,?is passage has be5 int]pret$ z
 mean+ t 9 ! _w to come ! conditions ( !
 righte\s & ! wick$ are irrevocably     
fix$4  ,i w\ld r say1 hav+ reg>d to !   
precise opposition ( ! clauses ( :i* x  
is compos$1 t ! passage decl>es t 9 !   
end unrighte\sness & fil?9ess are       
irrevocably sep>ate f _! opposites      
righte\sness & hol9ess2 & to acc\nt = ! 
t]ms 9 :i* ?is /atem5t is made1 x may   
suffice to ref] to ! pr9ciple t accord+ 
to ! concrete1 or objective1 tea*+ ( !  

,apocalypse1 hol9ess & fil?9ess w\ld n  
be spok5 ( ab/ract$ly1 t is1 ap>t f holy
 & fil?y p]sons1 & 9 l mann]            
righte\sness & unrighte\sness w\ld n be 
m5tion$ ap>t f _! necess>y #aag         
antec$5ts1 p]sonal righte\s & unrighte\s
 de$s4  ,! expressions commit inju/ice &
 d righte\sness1 :i* d n occur 9 !      
,engli% v]sion1 are exact r5d]+s ( !    
,greek4  ,ano!r passage :i*1 z be>+ on  
our argum5t1 requires to be tak5 into   
acc\nt1 is v4 #ae ( ! same *apt]1 :i*   
ass]ts t )\t are dogs1 & sorc]]s1 &     
=nicators1 & murd]]s1 & idolat]s1 & e "o
 t love? & make? a lie4  ,?is is        
express+ 9 concrete language1 su* z is  
con/antly employ$ 9 ,scripture1 t !re is
 no unrighte\sness 9 ! city ( ,god4     
,su* language1 be+ conc]n$ only )       
objective realities1 _c express a       
negation1 &1 consequ5tly1 _c ass]t t    
unrighte\sness is n )9 ! city4  ,h5ce x 
is n possible1 except by means ( su*    
t]ms z ^? actually employ$1 to express  
concretely t ! city ( ,god is free f all

 unrighte\sness4  ,by comp>+ ,rev4 xxi4 
#h ) ! int]pretation "h giv5 ( ,rev4    
xxii4 #ae1 x w be se5 t ! exclusion f ! 
city ( ,god ( all ?+s s9ful & abom9able 
is decl>$ to be effect$ by ! second     
dea?4  ,i h n[ complet$ ! argum5t       
respect+ man's immortality :i* ,i       
propos$ to f\nd ^u ! words ( ,scripture4
  ,i h argu$ on ! hypo!sis t = ?is      
purpose ! ,scriptures are tru/wor?y &   
suffici5t1 & ,i h admitt$ t we #aah c "k
 no?+ = c]ta9 conc]n+ our immortality   
ap>t f ! decl>$ w ( ,him :o alone ha?   
immortality 7#a ,tim4 vi4 #af74         
,accord+ly1 ,scripture mu/ be consult$ 9
 ord] to le>n :at ,god has will$        
respect+ ! de/9y ( man4  ,! pr9cipal    
result ( ?is inquiry is1 t by ! w ( ,god
 righte\sness & salvation are s         
insep>ably connect$ t only z be+        
p]sonally righte\s c man be sav$ &      
p>take ( immortality4  ,! "q1 !re=e1 z  
to ! immortality ( all m5 resolves      
itself into inquir+ :e!r1 & by :at      
means1 all m5 are made righte\s4        

,argum5ts relat+ to ?is inquiry may be  
said to con/itute ! :ole ( ?is ,essay4  
,i am prep>$ to expect t x w be object$ 
to ^! argum5ts t !y are new1 & on ?is   
acc\nt t ! conclusions drawn f !m are n 
true4  ,i admit ! validity ( ?is inf]5ce
 if ! argum5ts & conclusions are really 
new1 b ,i ma9ta9 t 9 s f> z !y are f\nd$
 ^u1 & correctly support$ by1           
,scripture1 !y _c be new1 because we mu/
 n suppose t ! ,scriptural doctr9e (    
man's salvation 0 n fully und]/ood be=e 
^! days--= in/ance1 9 ! days ( primitive
 ,*ri/ianity4  ,z ! objection on ! gr\nd
 ( newness _c be su/a9$1 ! only c\rse   
left to ! objector is to exam9e !       
argum5ts1 = ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ :e!r !y
 are s\nd & /rictly ,scriptural4  #aai  
,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 x is possible t          
,scriptural doctr9e1 z taught orig9ally 
by prophets1 apo/les1 & apo/olic m51 may
 h become s obscur$ & mix$ up ) human   
traditions & accretions1 t br++ x aga9  
to light w\ld appe> l promulgat+ new    
doctr9e4 ,?is rem>k leads me to /ate on 

:at au?orities ,i h *iefly reli$ 9 !    
composition ( ?is ,essay4  ,i may say at
 once t my views h be5 det]m9$ = ! mo/  
"p by long /udy ( ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to
 ! ,romans1 & ! ,apocalypse ( ! ,apo/le 
,john4  ,i 0 n1 h[ev]1 able to accept   
,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le z x is translat$ 9 !
 ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 nor c\ld ,i agree ) 
any comm5t>y ^u x t _h come be=e me4  ,=
 ^! reasons ,i publi%$ a revis$         
,translation1 ) ,introduction & ,notes  
7,deighton1 ,bell1  ,co41 #ahga71 :i*   
may1 p]haps1 claim consid]ation1 if on  
no o!r gr\nd1 because x is ! production 
( a m9d n unacqua9t$ ) classical /udies1
 b tra9$ especially by ma!matics & !    
pursuit ( physical sci5ce = inquir+     
respect+ ! me?od & laws ( div9e         
op]ation4  ,i h /at$ 9 ! preface to t "w
 7p4 x47 ! p>ticul> be>+ :i*1 z x seem$ 
to me1 su* /udies h on ! int]pretation (
 ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le4  ,"u ! influ5ce ( 
! same m5tal tra9+1 ,i 0 induc$ long    
s9ce to direct my att5tion t[>ds !      
int]pretation ( ! ,apocalypse1 & ,i     

purpose #abj %ortly1 if ,god be will+1  
to publi% ! fruits ( my rese>*es4 ,any  
read] ( ?is ,essay w p]ceive t x conta9s
 mu* :i* dep5ds on views :i* ,i ent]ta9 
respect+ ! g5]al s*eme & ! symbolism ( !
 ,apocalypse4  ,) respect to !          
int]pretation ( symbolical ,scripture1  
,i h n ab/a9$ f hav+ rec\rse to books   
:i*1 al?\gh !y are n includ$ 9 ! ,canon 
( ,scripture1 are specially adapt$ to   
reveal pr9ciples on :i* ! prophetical & 
symbolical p>ts ( ,canonical ,scripture 
may be int]pret$4  ,i ref] to ?ree books
 9 p>ticul>1 ! f\r? ,book ( ,esdras1 !  
,epi/le ( ,b>nabas1 & ! ,%eph]d (       
,h]mas4  ,!re is hi/oric evid5ce t ^!   
books 7 l>gely made use ( 9 ! days (    
primitive ,*ri/ianity4  ,! fir/ has     
obta9$ an hon\rable place 9 ! ,articles 
( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 ow+1 no d\bt1 to !  
traditional influ5ce :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,rome
 /ill _h at ! "t ( ! ,re=mation4  ,9 !  
mid/ ( mu* error & sup]/ition p]vad+ t  
,*ur*1 %e fai?fully p]=m$ ! "p ( keep] (
 ! anci5t sacr$ writ+s1 & to h] we are  

indebt$ = ! pres]vation = ecclesia/ical 
use ( t mo/ in/ructive book1 al?\gh at !
 ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t x 0 n admitt$ into !   
,romi% ,canon4  ,! o!r two books above  
m5tion$ 7 long reg>d$ by ! ,primitive   
,*ur* z be+ useful = in/ruction 9       
doctr9e1 & ( #aba au?ority little less  
?an t ( ,scripture2 9 atte/ation ( :i*  
ass]tion x may be /at$ t ! ,codex       
,s9aiticus conta9s ! :ole ( ! ,epi/le ( 
,b>nabas1 & a portion ( ! ,%eph]d (     
,h]mas1 al?\gh no o!r e>ly ,*ri/ian     
writ+s are 9 ! same mann] associat$ ) ! 
,canonical ,books4  ,9 draw+ inf]5ces f 
! above s\rces ( in=mation1 ,i h        
endeav\r$ to keep closely to ! rules (  
induction :i* h conduct$ to su* signal  
discov]ies 9 ,natural ,philosophy1 & to 
refra9 f accept+ any inf]5ce :i* !      
,scriptural data did n ju/ify4  ,! mod]n
 advances 9 physical sci5ce1 :i* h %[n 9
 :at pa? we mu/ proce$ 9 ord] to rea* a 
k ( ,god's works1 indicate1 x may be    
presum$1 t an analog\s me?od is to be   
pursu$ 9 ord] to ga9 a k ( ,8 ^w4  ,b x 

w1 p]haps1 be said1 t if ! k ( :at is   
reveal$ 9 ,scripture be obta9able only  
by means su* z ^? :i* h be5 exemplifi$ 9
 ?is ,essay1 ! consid]ations t mu/ be   
ent]$ into are s remote f common        
appreh5sion1 t b v few c be suppos$ to  
be end[$ ) capacity = und]/&+ !m4  ,?is1
 x mu/ be admitt$1 is actually ! case1  
&1 besides1 is 9 con=mity ) ! arbitram5t
 accord+ to :i* ,god grants to an elect$
 few gifts & graces :i* ,he )holds f !  
_m4  ,yet x seems to be ! w ( ,god to   
v\*safe at #abb c]ta9 times & places1 & 
among c]ta9 peoples1 a m ?an ord9>y     
measure ( k2 & p]haps we %all n err 9   
believ+ t ! prophecy 9 ! ,book (        
,daniel1 ,_m %all run to & fro1 & k %all
 be increas$ 7xii4 #d71 is be+ fulfill$ 
9 our "t & nation4 ,!re is also a       
rem>kable passage 9 ! ,apocalypse1 :i*  
seems to reveal t be=e ! "t ( ! end     
7,dan4 xii4 #d71 ! gospel 9 its mo/     
compreh5sive s5se w be prea*$ among all 
nations3 ,& ,i saw ano!r angel fly+ 9   
mid-heav51 hav+ ! oeonian gospel i4e4 ! 

gospel p]ta9+ to ! future age to prea*  
to ^? t dwell ^u ! e>?1 & to e nation & 
tribe & tongue & p1 say+ ) a l\d voice1 
,fe> ,god1 & give ,him glory because !  
h\r ( ,8 judgm5t is come3 & wor%ip ,him 
:o made ! heav51 & ! e>?1 & ! sea1 &    
f\nta9s ( wat]s 7,rev4 xiv4 #f1 #g74 ,i 
_c =be> notic+ ! co9cid5ce ( ! pla9     
mean+ ( ! words ( ?is prophecy ) ! views
 advocat$ 9 ?is ,essay3 fir/1 9 respect 
to call+ ! gospel oeonian & ?us ass]t+  
its applicability to ! future age2 next1
 9 its ann\ncem5t ( ! gospel 9          
connection ) ! adv5t ( ! h\r ( judgm5t2 
&1 la/ly1 9 ! l\d call ! angel makes to 
! dwell]s on e>? to give glory & wor%ip 
to ! ,creator ( heav51 e>?1 sea1 & !    
f\nta9s ( wat]s4  #abc  ,b ! dulness (  
he>]s & incapacity to und]/& ! doctr9e (
 ,scripture are n ! only ob/acles ^? w h
 to cont5d aga9/ :o und]take to prea* ! 
oeonian gospel4  ,!re are ! int]e/s &   
attractions ( ! pres5t _w1 :i*1 s9ce !  
love ( !m is necess>ily di/urb$ by !    
ann\ncem5t t ! _w to come (f]s :at is   

mu* m to be desir$1 op]ate1 sometimes x 
may be 9 a mann] :i* is n suspect$1 9   
h>d5+ ! he>t aga9/ li/5+ to & receiv+ t 
gospel4  ,i ?9k t 9 ?is way only c x be 
acc\nt$ = t ! passages ( ,scripture :i* 
unequivocally decl>e ! salvation ( all  
m5 are comp>atively unatt5d$ to1 :il/   
belief is g5]ally express$ 9 ^? suppos$ 
to be ( opposite import4  ,i am         
appreh5sive t on ! same acc\nts !       
argum5ts by :i* ,i h endeav\r$ to %[ t !
 latt] passages admit ( be+ int]pret$   
consi/5tly ) ! o!rs1 w receive little   
att5tion4  ,!re exi/s1 moreov]1 9 !     
pres5t day s long-/&+ & s g5]al an      
inability to disc]n ! inn] & true s5se (
 ,scripture1 ! lett] :i* kille? hav+ be5
 pref]r$ to ! _s :i* make? alive1 t x   
has become a matt] ( mu* difficulty to  
compreh5d & expla9 ! t]ms 9 :i* ! gospel
 9 its entirety is !re9 proclaim$1 &    
ei!r to give1 or to receive1 in/ruction 
:i* may conduce to an intellig5t        
acceptance ( x4  #abd ,9 addition to :i*
 !re prevails a t5d5cy to rely on       

traditional & =mal doctr9e1 & to assign 
to x an au?ority co-ord9ate ) t (       
,scripture1 al?\gh z hav+ _h its orig9  
at times :5 primitive fai? & k _h 9     
great measure decl9$1 & ! my/]y (       
iniquity 0 already work+1 x _c b be mix$
 ) a human elem5t ( untru?4  ,?is       
t5d5cy1 :i* appe>s to be attributable to
 a consci\sness ( inability to =m an    
indep5d5t judgm5t ( ! tru?s (           
,scripture1 op]ates at pres5t 9 creat+ a
 prejudice aga9/ all attempts to g      
beyond ! b\nd>ies by :i* ,scriptural k  
is assum$ to be circumscrib$4           
,nev]!less1 reg>d+ x z a duty to employ 
! opportunities & ! ability :i* ,god has
 giv5 me 9 mak+ su* an attempt1 ,i h    
endeav\r$ to place ! doctr9e ( !        
salvation & immortality ( all m5 on a   
,scriptural basis1 & ,i h n[ only to ask
 = an unprejudic$ consid]ation ( !      
argum5ts ,i h adduc$ = t purpose4    #a 
,see ! notes to ,rom4 v4 #ab-bj1 giv5 9 
pp4 #cf-ch ( my ,translation ( ,/4      
,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,romans            

7,cambridge3 ,deighton & ,co1 #ahga74   
#b ,! treatise ref]r$ to is entitl$ ,de 
,fatur1 ,be/auratione1 & ! passage cit$ 
is v ne> ! end ( x4  ,?is treatise is an
 app5dix to ano!r1 ! title ( :i* is ,de 
,/atu ,mortuorum et ,resurg5tium4  #c ,s
 f> ?is explanation ( ,m>k ix4 #dd is ! 
same z t :i* ,i h giv5 9 a lett] to !   
editor ( ! ,cl]ical ,j\rnal1 :i* is     
ins]t$ 9 ! numb] = ,june #e1 #ahfb 7p4  
#ebf74     #abe  ,,app5dix4  ,i h all[$ 
to /& 9 ! ,essay 7pp4 #gf-ha7 ! views ,i
 held at ! "t x 0 compos$ respect+ !    
int]pretation ( ,matt4 xxv4 #df1 because
 ,i consid]$ t ^! views1 al?\gh 9 c]ta9 
respects !y are inconsi/5t ) ^? ,i      
ma9ta9 9 ?is ,app5dix1 might contribute1
 by comp>ison ) ! latt]1 t[>ds an       
und]/&+ ( ! passage4  ,! int]pretation  
:i*1 aft] long consid]ation1 ,i h f9ally
 adopt$1 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 two lett]s1   
conta9$ "u ! head ( ,correspond5ce1 9 ! 
numb]s ( ! ,gu>dian = ,decemb] #bg1     
#ahgg1 & ,janu>y #af1 #ahgh4  ,) ! view 
( (f]+ "s additional argum5ts 9 support 

( t int]pretation1 & mak+ x m g5]ally   
intelligible1 ,i propose to beg9 )      
produc+ 9 ext5so ! two lett]s ref]r$ to4
    ,,et]nal ,,puni%m5t4  ,sir1  ,aft]  
read+ att5tively ! lett]s ( y\r         
correspond5ts to :i* ! s]mon ( ,dr4     
,f>r> has giv5 occasion1 x appe>$ to me 
t "s views 9 addition to ^? :i* h hi!rto
 be5 propos$1 & 9 c]ta9 respects        
controv]t+ !m1 may be wor?y (           
consid]ation4 ,i beg1 #abf !re=e1 to be 
all[$ space = mak+ ! foll[+ rem>ks3--   
,we are taught 9 ! ,scriptures t h]eaft]
 !re w be a new con/itution ( ! univ]se1
 'new heav5s & a new e>? :]e9 dwelle?   
righte\sness' 7#b ,pet] iii4 #ac71 & t 9
 ?is p]fect social /ate '!re %all be no 
m dea?1 nei!r sorr[1 nor cry+1 nei!r    
%all !re be any m pa9' 7,rev4 xxi4 #d74 
,to reconcile ?is revelation1 s         
intelligible & s compreh5sive1 ) ! mean+
 ( passages :i* seem to say t ! puni%m5t
 ( ! wick$ w be 'endless1' pres5ts a v  
great difficulty4  ,we are n at lib]ty 9
 su* cases to accept "s p>ts (          

,scripture & reject o!rs 9 ord] to get  
rid ( ! difficulty1 b mu/ believe t !   
tru?1 if x %\ld be rea*$1 w e/abli% !   
consi/5cy ( all1 & t seem+              
contradictions are only due to our      
ignorance4  ,i propose = consid]ation ! 
foll[+ solution ( ! above-/at$          
difficulty3--  ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 8         
m9i/ration on e>? said1 9 ! c\rse ( giv+
 in/ruction to 8 disciples 7,matt4 xxiv4
 #c71 ',^! on ! left h& %all g into     
et]nal puni%m5t1 & ! righte\s into      
et]nal life' 7,matt4 xxv4 #df74         
,consid]+ t 9 all he said & did he _h 9 
view 8 ,fa!r's purpose ( mak+ ! spirits 
( m5 meet = immortality1 x may be ask$1 
,9 :at way 0 su* tea*+ contributory to  
?is end8  ,may we n conclude f our ,"l's
 words1 ap>t f all o!r inf]5ces1 t      
et]nal life is necess>ily prec$$ by     
righte\sness1 & et]nal puni%m5t is z    
necess>ily consequ5t ^u s91 & t ! k ( ^!
 div9e decrees contributes to ! =mation 
( spirits = ! life to come8  ,?is       
inf]5ce might be accept$ z ab/ract$ly   

true2 b !n ! "q arises1 ,:at is meant by
 duration z signifi$ by ! ^w 'et]nal'8  
,x %\ld be rem>k$ t 9 ! /atem5t ( !     
doctr9e ,i h employ$ ! ^w 'necess>ily' 9
 a s5se t is n unusual1 & is g5]ally    
?\ght to be intelligible4  ,b x is to be
 tak5 into acc\nt t no su* use ( ! t]m  
occurs 9 ,scripture1 :]e1 9 fact1 x w\ld
 be :olly #abg incongru\s4  ,! reason ( 
?is is t ! ,scriptures conta9 no ab/ract
 tru?s :i* are n express$1 or           
expressible1 9 t]ms und]/ood f ! facts &
 conditions ( human exp]i5ce4  ,?is may 
especially be said ( ! disc\rses ( our  
,"l1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !y are mu*      
misund]/ood by ! _m :o are incapable (  
disc]n+ ! spiritual ?r\gh ! lit]al1 :o1 
z he said1 'h eyes & see n1 & e>s & he> 
n4'  ,assum+1 !re=e1 t !re is tru? 9    
speak+ ( righte\sness & life z be+      
necess>ily connect$1 z also ( s9 &      
puni%m5t z be+ 9 l mann] connect$1 we h 
to inquire 9 :at way ^! ab/ract tru?s   
are express$ 9 ! language ( ,scripture4 
,i v5ture to make answ] t ?is is done by

 its recognition ( a special faculty we 
are all consci\s ( possess+1 t ( ?9k+ & 
speak+ ( "t 7& space also7 z indef9itely
 ext5d$4  7,! ma!matician kn[s t )\t !  
supposition1 :e!r z to greatness or     
smallness1 ( ad libitum ext5t ( space & 
"t1 he is unable to conduct 8 reason+47 
,on ?is pr9ciple ,scripture speaks (    
duration ?r\gh 'ages1 & ages1' because  
by su* emphatic ref]5ce to our capacity 
= ?9k+ ( unlimit$ duration1 ! ant]ior   
necessity ( c]ta9 ab/ract tru?s1 z      
especially ! be+ & attributes ( ,deity1 
& ! *>act]s ( div9e judgm5t1 is express$
 9 t]ms drawn f common ?\ght & exp]i5ce4
  ,b ! omnipot5t ,creator1 :o1 =        
purposes t[>ds u1 made "t & space to be 
:at we p]ceive !m to be1 has also ! p[] 
to *ange or unmake !m4  ,if x 7 n s1 !re
 w\ld be a p[] above t ( ! ,creator1 :i*
 is impossible4  ,! difficulty conc]n+ !
 duration ( future puni%m5t appe>s to be
 attributable to a preconception        
tacitly1 p]haps unconsci\sly1 ent]ta9$  
by mo/ p]sons t "t & space h an         

indep5d5t exi/5ce1 al?\gh ! tea*+ (     
,scripture is directly oppos$ to ?is    
view4  ,/4 ,paul speaks ( 'height' &    
'dep?' z ( ?+s creat$ 7,rom4 viii4 #ci72
 ,/4 ,pet] has1 ',"o day is ) ! ,"l z a 
?\s& ye>s1 & a ?\s& ye>s z "o day' 7#b  
,epi/4 iii4 #h72 & 9 #abh ,rev4 x4 #f x 
is expressly said t :5 ! s*eme (        
r$emption is f9i%$ '"t %all be no m4'   
,! =ego+ argum5t suffices1 ,i ?9k1 to %[
 t 'endless' & et]nal are n conv]tible  
t]ms1 = ! special reason t ! latt] is   
significant ( "t z be+ d]iv$ f oetas1   
:]eas ! o!r has p] se no necess>y       
relation to "t4  7,= ! same etymological
 reason ,i consid] 'et]nal' to be       
pref]able to 'ev]-la/+4'7  ,i _c =be>   
adv]t+ "h to a s]i\s mis/atem5t1 z x    
seems to me1 9 ,mr4 ,*urton's lett] 9 ! 
,gu>dian ( ,decemb] #ab 7p4 #agad74  ,he
 says t ! tea*+ ( ,holy ,scripture z to 
! matt] ( duration1 is precisely ! same 
) respect to et]nal life & et]nal dea?1 
hav+ app>5tly ov]look$ ! rem>kable      
expression 9 ,heb4 vii4 #af1            

'indissoluble life' 7zs akatalyt\71 9   
:i* endlessness is signifi$ by an epi!t 
n explicitly indicative ( "t4  ,no su*  
epi!t is appli$ 9 ,scripture to future  
puni%m5t4  ,?is diff]5ce is ( great     
importance :5 tak5 ) ref]5ce to !       
decl>ation 9 ,scripture t "t itself has 
an end4  ,x w\ld c]ta9ly appe> t !      
apo/le ,paul did n tea* t ! future      
puni%m5t ( ! wick$ w be endless2        
o!rwise1 h[ c\ld he h writt51 ',god is !
 ,savi\r ( all m51 specially ( ^? t     
believe' 7#a ,tim4 iv4 #aj78  ,is n ?is 
to ass]t t all are sav$ 9 ! same s5se t 
"s :o believe are sav$1 al?\gh !re may  
be diff]5ce z to ! ord] or mode ( !     
salvation8  ,we "k t 9 ! pres5t age fai?
 avails to save if x re/s on ! assurance
 giv5 by ! suff]+ & dea? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 
t by pass+ ?r\gh ! same gate ( suff]+ we
 are prep>$ to ent] into life2 = su*    
fai? yields ! fruit ( pati5ce &         
righte\sness4  ,b 9 ! age to come !re is
 nei!r fai?1 nor rep5tance1 nor         
probation1 b 'a c]ta9 fe>ful look+ = (  

judgm5t & fi]y indignation' 7,heb4 x4   
#bg74  ,! appo9t$ ,judge is ! ,son (    
man1 :o1 hav+ suff]$ an unju/ & pa9ful  
dea? at ! h&s ( s9ful m51 is entitl$ to 
execute ! v5geance on s9n]s4 ,all m5 are
 judg$2 b ! elect1 #abi :o h be5 seal$  
by fai? & good works1 escape            
condemnation1 & are ^? t are 'specially'
 sav$4  ,! re/ are condemn$ to und]go ! 
second dea?4  ,?is is t '?reefold woe' &
 'great tribulation' s pla9ly =etold 9  
,scripture4  ,x 0 by ^! 't]rors ( ! ,"l'
 t ,/4 ,paul s\ght to 'p]suade' m51 & n1
 z x w\ld seem1 by say+ t ! mis]y w be  
)\t end4  ,z matt] ( exp]i5ce1 ! prea*+ 
( ?is hopeless de/9y does n det] f s91 b
 only makes sad t5d] spirits :om ,god   
has n made sad4  ,:y %\ld we n r believe
 t ! purpose ( av5g+ ju/ice is fulfill$ 
:5 t great & f9al tribulation 7,m>k     
xiii4 #ai7 has avail$1 9 virtue ( !     
suff]+ :]eby ! ,son ( ,god 'consecrat$' 
! way to life1 = ! purification &       
salvation ( ! condemn$1 see+ t ev5 sa9ts
 & m>tyrs h ne$ to be purifi$ by suff]+ 

7see ,dan4 xii4 #aj78 ,?is view         
reconciles all app>5t contradictions1 & 
accords ) ! gospel decl>$ 9 ,rev4 xxi4  
,9 mak+ ! =ego+ /atem5ts ,i h necess>ily
 tri$ to be brief2 b ,i hope1 ere long1 
to be able to publi% a ju/ification ( !m
 by argum5ts drawn at great] l5g? f     
,scripture4  ,cambridge1 ,decemb] #ba1  
#ahgg4    ,,et]nal ,,life4  ,aft] !     
publication ( my lett] 9 ! ,gu>dian (   
,decemb] #bg 7p4 #aghf71 ,i receiv$ f   
v>i\s qu>t]s int]rogations & argum5ts1  
:i* l$ me to see t !re 0 an omission 9  
"o "p ( my reason+1 by supply+ :i* !    
:ole ( ! argum5t might be made mu* m    
complete4  ,9 p>ticul>1 x 0 ma9ta9$ by  
my correspond5ts1 ,i admit q logically1 
t if et]nal puni%m5t 9 ,matt4 xxv4 #d3f 
c\ld be tak5 to mean puni%m5t :i* has an
 end1 by p>ity ( reason+ 'et]nal life'  
mu/ !re mean life :i* has an end4  ,z ,i
 f9d t ! same argum5t has be5 adduc$ 9 !
 correspond5ce ( ! ,gu>dian1 ,i hope ,i 
may #acj be all[$1 not)/&+ ! l5g? to :i*
 ! discussion ( ! subject has gone1 !   

opportunity ( a supplem5t>y lett] = %[+ 
h[1 by rectify+ ! above-m5tion$ defect1 
! views ,i h propos$ meet ?is           
difficulty4  ,9 ! ,scriptures def9ite   
m5tion is made ( only two ages1 ! pres5t
 age & ! future age1 or1 9 o!r words1   
'?is _w & ! _w to come' 7,matt4 xii4    
#cb74  ,! plural ages 7aines7 & 'ages ( 
ages' are expressions to :i* we c by no 
m5tal ef=t atta* a def9ite              
signification1 & consequ5tly1 z ,i      
endeav\r$ to %[ 9 my =m] lett]1 !y admit
 ( v>i\s ab/ract applications4  ,z 9 !  
pres5t age1 s 9 ! age to come1 !re is a 
succession ( ev5ts :i* take place "u    
conditions ( "t4  ,^! ev5ts h receiv$   
comp>atively b small att5tion 9 ! !ology
 ( ! pres5t day1 app>5tly because x is n
 g5]ally se5 t !y are spok5 ( mu* m     
l>gely by ! prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t  
?an 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 :i* x is assum$
 t ! old prophets are und]/ood2 & aga91 
because ! epitome giv5 9 ! ,book (      
,revelation 7see ,rev4 x4 #g7 ( !       
communications v\*saf$ to ! prophets is 

express$ 9 symbols :i* we f9d x h>d to  
int]pret4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 passages 9 ! 
,new ,te/am5t :i* expressly make kn[n ! 
relation ( de$s & ev5ts ( ! pres5t age  
to ^? ( ! age to come2 z especially our 
,"l's disc\rse 'z he sat on ! ,m\nt (   
,olives1' & ! apo/les ',pet] & ,james & 
,john & ,&rew' ask$ ,him privately to   
tell !m :at w\ld be ! sign ( 8 com+1 & (
 ! end ( ! _w 7ts synteleias t\ ainos74 
,!re is also t rem>kable passage 9 :i*  
,/4 ,mat!w records t ,jesus said to     
,pet]1 ',ye :o h foll[$ me1 9 !         
reg5]ation :5 ! ,son ( man %all sit on !
 ?rone ( 8 glory1 ye also %all sit on   
twelve ?rones1 judg+ ! twelve tribes (  
,israel4'  ,! numb] 'twelve' 9          
,scripture symbolism always signifies   
'election2' ! judges may be presum$ to  
be ( ! ord] ( prophets & apo/les--!     
elect ( ! elect--& ! twelve tribes (    
,israel ! :ole numb] ( ! elect 7see     
,rev4 vii4 #d-h74  ,n[1 ^! #aca twelve  
times twelve ?\s&1 symboliz+ ! complete 
numb] ( ! r$eem$ ( e age & nation1 are  

'! fir/fruits unto ,god & to ! ,lamb1' &
 be+ made p]fect by suff]+ & judgm5t1   
f>!r on 9 ! ev5ts ( t age 'foll[ ! ,lamb
 :i!rsoev] he goe?1' & toge!r ) him     
execute ! f9al judgm5t on ! :ole _w     
7,rev4 xix4 #ad71 inclusive ev5 ( !     
judgm5t on ,satan & 8 angels4  ,?is     
doctr9e seems to h be5 g5]ally taught 9 
! days ( ! apo/les1 inasmu* z ,/4 ,paul 
writes to ! ,cor9?ians 7#a ,epi/4 vi4   
#b1 #c71 ',"k ye n t ! sa9ts %all judge 
! _w8'  ',"k ye n t we %all judge       
angels8'  ,ev5 9 ! ,psalms we read1     
',?is hon\r h all ,8 sa9ts' 7see ,psalm 
cxlix4 #f-i74  ,on ^! premises1 x seems 
to me1 ! foll[+ argum5t may be f\nd$    
relative to ! int]pretation ( ,matt4    
xxv4 #df4  ,9 t *apt] ! sep>ation betwe5
 ! %eep & ! goats is spok5 ( z          
initiatory to ! g5]al judgm5t1 & ! *apt]
 closes ) an exposition ( ! pr9ciples on
 :i* ! judgm5t is conduct$ z reg>ds bo? 
! "o class & ! o!r4  ,! details & !     
processes ( ! judgm5t1 toge!r ) its     
results1 are to be s\ght = 9 ! writ+s ( 

! prophets & 9 ! ,book ( ,revelation4   
,n[1 :5 acc\nt is tak5 ( all ev5ts ( t  
future life1 x may be said1 ,i ?9k1 )   
tru?1 t ! righte\s :o live & act 9 x    
?r\gh\t1 :5 t life beg9s ent] into      
'et]nal life1' ! ^w 'et]nal' be+        
applicable because t age has a "t-limit4
  ,?is et]nal life1 ! m5tion ( :i* 0    
omitt$ 9 ! =m] lett]1 m]ges into        
endless1 or indissoluble1 life1 :5 "t is
 no m1 & words expressive ( "t cease to 
h application4  ,9 an analog\s mann] !  
unrighte\s may be said to g into 'et]nal
 puni%m5t' :5 !y ent] ^u ! exp]i5ce ( ! 
future age1 ! limit ( ! effects ( !     
judgm5t & puni%m5t :i* !y are doom$ to  
und]go be+ a 'second dea?4'  ,h[ev]     
great & t]rible may be ! woe &          
tribulation att5dant on t ev5t1 we "k z 
matt] ( exp]i5ce ( life at pres5t1 t    
dea?1 ( itself1 is b a passage into     
ano!r /ate ( exi/5ce4  ,we h1 #acb      
!re=e1 no "r to affirm t aft] ! effects 
( judgm5t & puni%m5t are accompli%$1 !  
second dea? is n a transition into t    

/ate ( ?+s 9 ! new heav5s & new e>? :i* 
is describ$ 9 ,rev4 xxi4  ,r1 may we n  
conclude t et]nal life & et]nal puni%m5t
 t]m9ate alike ) ! end ( "t1 & t 9 !    
consummation ( all ?+s bo? are m]g$ 9   
indissoluble life1 t ,god may be all 9  
all8  ,?is conclusion appe>s to meet !  
difficulty /at$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is lett]4
  ,i take ?is opportunity = express+ my 
approval ( ! arrangem5t ( ! ,new        
,lection>y1 by :i* *apt]s ( ! ,book (   
,revelation are n[ read m frequ5tly ?an 
=m]ly be=e ! p1 ?is portion ( ,scripture
 be+ indisp5sable = communicat+ to !m ! 
doctr9e ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 all its        
integrity4  ,cambridge1 ,janu>y         
#ab1ahgh4   ,! difficulty exp]i5c$ 9 !  
pres5t day ( rightly appreh5d+ ! doctr9e
 taught by our ,"l 9 ,matt4 xxv4 #df1 & 
9 l passages1 arises1 accord+ to !      
argum5ts conta9$ 9 ! ,essay & 9 ! =ego+ 
lett]s1 f ! little att5tion t is paid 9 
! ,*ri/ian doctr9e n[ g5]ally accept$ to
 :at ! ,scriptures reveal respect+ ! age
 to come 7ain ho melln7 z di/+ui%$ f !  

pres5t age 7ain outos1 ain ho p>n74  ,! 
designation age appli$ 9 common to bo?1 
indicates t ea* has a beg9n+ & an end+4 
,! future age beg9s at ! t]m9ation ( !  
pres5t age1 ! sep>ation betwe5 !m be+ ! 
epo* ( a resurrection ( ! dead--n1      
h[ev]1 ( all ! dead1 b a resurrection ( 
! j1 t is1 ( ^? :o h be5 prep>$ & seal$ 
by fai?1 & suff]+1 & good works1 9 !    
pres5t life1 = imm$iate entrance into a 
new /ate ( life4  ,x is said ( ^! t !y  
_c #acc die any m1 & are ! *ildr5 (     
,god1 be+ ! *ildr5 ( ! resurrection     
7,luke xx4 #cf74  ,^! are !y :o h "p 9 !
 fir/ resurrection1 ( :om x is fur!r    
said t !y liv$ & reign$ ) ,*ri/ a ?\s&  
ye>s1 :]eas ( ! re/ ( ! dead x is said t
 !y liv$ n till ! ?\s& ye>s 7 f9i%$ 7see
 ,rev4 xx4 #d1 #f74  ,x is pla91 !re=e1 
t !re w be a "t ( sep>ation ( ! "o class
 f ! o!r--! "t ( ?re%+1 :5 ! t>es are   
sep>at$ f ! :eat2 & t :il/ ! elect at t 
"t ent] into ! oeonian life 7t is1 !    
life ( ! age to come71 ! re/ ( ! dead :5
 !y live aga9 ent] into a /ate 9 :i* !y 

und]go oeonian puni%m5t 7t is1 puni%m5t 
t p]ta9s to ! age to come71 end+        
ev5tually 9 ! second dea?1 :i*1 h[ev]1 9
 common ) all div9e puni%m5t1 is        
inflict$ = produc+ a c]ta9 effect       
=eorda9$ 9 ! c\nsels ( ! ,almighty4     
7,respect+ ?is effect1 see :at ,i h said
 9 ! ,essay & at ! end ( ! fir/ ( !     
=ego+ lett]s47  ,t ! words ( ! passage 9
 ,/4 ,mat!w might be und]/ood1 at lea/  
by ! disciples to :om !y 7 address$1 9 !
 s5se above indicat$1 may be inf]r$ f ! 
k ( ! religi\s ,jews ( t "t respect+ !  
ev5ts ( ! future age1 z convey$ to !m by
 ! writ+s ( ! prophets ( ! ,old         
,te/am5t1 ) :i* !y 7 famili>4  ,9 pro( (
 ! g5]al diffusion ( su* k we may cite !
 response ( ,m>?a to ! ,"l respect+ !   
resurrection ( ,laz>us1 ,i "k t he %all 
rise aga9 at ! resurrection 9 ! la/ day 
7,john xi4 #bd71 & ! common belief ( a  
resurrection ( ! dead ent]ta9$ by !     
num]\s sect ( ! ,ph>isees1 z well z !   
p>ticul> "* ( ! unbelief ( ! small] body
 ( ,sadducees 7see ,acts #acd xxiii4 #h1

 :]e x is /at$ t ! ,sadducees say t !re 
is no resurrection1 nei!r angel1 nor _s3
 b ! ,ph>isees confess bo?74  ,x is h>d 
to p]ceive etymologically h[ ! ^w aiuios
 c\ld h receiv$ ! mean+ ev]-la/+4 ,!re  
is1 9 fact1 a v rem>kable passage ( !   
,apocalypse 9 :i* t mean+ is q exclud$3 
,& ,i saw ano!r angel fly 9 ! mid/ (    
heav51 hav+ ! gospel ( ! age to come to 
prea* 7euaggelion ainion euaggelisai7   
unto !m t dwell on ! e>?1 & to e nation1
 & k9dr$1 & tongue1 & p1 say+ ) a l\d   
voice1 ,fe> ,god1 & give glory to ,him2 
= ! h\r ( ,8 judgm5t is come3 & wor%ip  
,him t made heav51 & e>?1 & ! sea1 & !  
f\nta9s ( wat]s 7,rev4 xiv4 #f1 #g74  ,x
 is evid5t t if ainion euaggelion "h    
meant an ev]la/+ gospel1 ! ev5t :i* !   
good news is int5d$ to ann\nce w\ld nev]
 come4  ,x may1 p]haps1 be ass]t$ t ?is 
passage ( ! ,apocalypse ref]s to a      
gospel ann\ncem5t tak+ place at ! pres5t
 "t1 consid]+ t a di/9ctive feature (   
?is age is a l>ge increase ( ! k ( !    
facts & laws ( nature1 & t possibly1    

contemporane\sly ) su* k1 ,god may      
v\*safe a full] und]/&+ ( ! ,book (     
,revelation1 & a disc]nm5t ( ! oeonian  
gospel x proclaims 7comp>e ,dan4 xii4   
#c1 #d74  ,t ! true int]pretation ( !   
,apocalypse w ev5tually be rea*$ is     
impli$ by ! words1 ,seal n ! say+s ( !  
prophecy ( ?is book 7,rev4 xxii4 #aj74  
,on reconsid]+ ! argum5ts ( ! ,essay x  
occurr$ to me t x w\ld be prop] to take 
notice 9 ! ,app5dix ( "o o!r subject4 ,9
 pages #i1 #ae1 & #fc ! doctr9e t       
immortality is dep5d5t on a /ate (      
p]fect$ righte\sness is reg>d$ z        
self-evid5t4  ,i #ace n[ ?9k t ! use ( t
 t]m is objectionable1 inasmu* z1       
accord+ to ! title ( ! ,essay1 e su*    
/atem5t ought to re/ :olly on           
,scriptural gr\nd4  ,i propose1 !re=e1  
to adduce "h passages ( ,scripture :i*  
indicate an intimate relation betwe5    
righte\sness & life4  ,out ( _m texts   
:i* might be cit$ = ?is purpose1 ,i h   
select$ two1 z foll[s4  ,fir/1 :5 "u !  
law1 ,moses said to ! ,israelites1 ,i h 

set be=e y life & dea?3 *oose life1 !y  
mu/ h und]/ood 8 words z signify+ t on  
condition ( submission to ! w ( ,god &  
ob$i5ce to ,8 righte\s laws1 !y might   
look =w>d 9 fai? to ! enjoym5t ( !      
future cov5ant$ life4  7,see :at is said
 on ?is text 9 p4 #bh47 ,aga91 ! same   
dep5d5ce ( life on righte\sness =ms an  
ess5tial "p ( ! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 
al?\gh taught 9 a diff]5t mann]4  ,/4   
,paul1 = in/ance1 has giv5 9 ,rom4 v4   
#ah1 ! foll[+ summ>y ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e4
  ,!re=e z ?r\gh "o transgression 7di   
h5os p>aptmatos71 unto all m51 unto     
condemnation 7eis katakrima71 s ?r\gh "o
 righte\sness 7di h5os dikaimatos1 i4e4 
! ob$i5ce unto dea? ( ,jesus ,*ri/71    
unto all m51 unto life-ju/ification 7eis
 dikais9 zs71 :]e1 x %\ld be notic$1 zs 
is n a dep5d5t g5itive1 b1 z 9 _m       
in/ances 9 ,new ,te/am5t ,greek1 a      
g5itive ( quality4  ,?us ?is text       
decl>es t ! ju/ification ( all m51 :i*  
is _! be+ ev5tually made righte\s ?r\gh 
! op]ation ( ! ,son ( ,god1 has !       

quality ( conf]r+ life4                 
,transcrib]'s notes3  ,?is book conta9s 
_m fragm5ts ( ,greek1 s _m t ! conv5tion
 ( us+ ,greek3444 to indicate           
translit]at$ ,greek passages 0 ab&on$ 9 
favor ( us+ und]scores to indicate      
,greek mat]ial4 ,translit]ation 0 done  
accord+ to ! ,project ,gut5b]g ,greek   
,h[-,to guidel9es4  ,und]scores are also
 us$ to indicate italiciz$ words1 b 9   
all cases su* words are ,engli% words4  
,! sequ5ce oe is us$ to indicate !      
,unicode oe-ligature "*4