,note3 = ?is onl9e edition ,i h mov$ ! ,table ( ,cont5ts to ! beg9n+ ( ! text4 ,also ,i h made "o spell+ *ange3 irrevelant circum/ance to irrelevant circum/ance4 ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,appreciation ,/udies 9 ! ,relation ( ,art to ,life ,,by ,,c>leton ,,noyes ,,bo/on ,,& ,,new ,,york ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,& ,,company ,! ,riv]side ,press1 ,cambridge #aijg ,,copyright #aijg ,,by ,,c>leton ,,noyes ,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$ ,publi%$ ,april #aijg ,,to ,,my ,,fa!r ,,& ,,! ,,memory ,,( ,,my ,,"m ,only !mselves und]/& !mselves & ! l ( !mselves1 ,z s\ls only und]/& s\ls4 ,,cont5ts ,preface i ,i4 ,! ,impulse to ,expression i ,,ii4 ,! ,attitude ( ,response #bc ,,iii4 ,te*nique & ! ,layman #dd ,,iv4 ,! ,value ( ! ,m$ium #hg ,v4 ,! ,backgr\nd ( ,art #aje ,,vi4 ,! ,s]vice ( ,criticism #acg ,,vii4 ,beauty & ,common ,life #afe ,,viii4 ,! ,arts ( ,=m #bja ,,ix4 ,repres5tation #bba ,x4 ,! ,p]sonal ,e/imate #bed ,,preface ,,9 ! daily life ( ! ord9>y man1 a life cr[d$ ) div]se int]e/s & increas+ly complex dem&s1 "s few mom5ts ( a busy week or mon? or ye> are accord$ to an int]e/ 9 art4 ,:atev] may be 8 vocation1 ! man feels in/9ctively t 9 8 total s*eme ( life books1 pictures1 music h some:]e a place4 ,9 8 own bus9ess or pr(ession he is an exp]t1 a man ( special tra9+2 & intellig5tly he does n aspire to a complete und]/&+ ( a subject :i* lies beyond 8 prov9ce4 ,9 ! same _s 9 :i* he is a ma/] ( 8 own craft1 he is cont5t to leave exp]t k ( art to ! exp]t1 to ! arti/ & to ! connoisseur4 ,= 8 "p z a layman he rema9s frankly & happily on ! outside4 ,b he feels none ! less t art has an int]e/ & a mean+ ev5 = him4 ,?\gh he does n practice any art himself1 he kn[s t he enjoys f9e ?+s1 a beautiful room1 noble build+s1 books & plays1 /atues1 pictures1 music2 & he believes t 9 8 own fa%ion he is able to appreciate art1 ,i v5ture to ?9k t he is "r4 ,!re is a case = ! outsid] 9 ref]5ce to art4 ,& ,i h tri$ "h to /ate x4 ,?is book is an attempt to sugge/ ! possible mean+ ( art to ! ord9>y man1 to indicate me?ods ( approa* to art1 & to trace ! way ( appreciation4 ,x is ess5tially a p]sonal record1 an acc\nt ( my own adv5tures ) ! problem4 ,! book does n pret5d to f9ality2 ! results are true = me z f> z ,i h gone4 ,!y may or may n be true = ano!r4 ,if !y become true = ano!r man1 he is ! "o = :om ! book 0 writt54 ,i d n apologize because ! %elt] "h put toge!r1 9 :i* ,i h f\nd a c]ta9 com=t1 is n a palace4 ,rude z ! /ructure may be1 any man is welcom$ to x :o may f9d solace !re 9 an h\r ( ne$4 ,c4 ,n4 ,,cambridge1 ,novemb] second1 #aijf4 ,i ,,! ,,impulse ,,to ,,expression ,,t[>d ev5+ a travel] ?r\gh a wild c\ntry f9ds himself /ill 9 ! op51 ) no hope ( rea*+ a village t night4 ,! w9d is gr[+ *ill2 cl\ds are ga!r+ 9 ! we/1 ?reat5+ ra94 ,!re rises 9 him a feel+ ( ! ne$ ( %elt]2 & he looks ab\t him to see :at mat]ial is ready to 8 h&4 ,scatt]$ /ones w s]ve = supports & l[ walls2 !re are fall5 bran*es = ! ro(2 twigs & leaves c be wov5 into a ?at*4 ,already ! g5]al design has %ap$ itself 9 8 m9d4 ,he sets to "w1 modify+ ! details ( 8 plan to suit ! res\rces ( 8 mat]ial4 ,at la/1 aft] h\rs ( h>d ?\ght & eag] toil1 spurr$ on by 8 s5se ( 8 great ne$1 ! hut is ready2 & fee takes refuge 9 x z ! /orm breaks4 ,! entire significance ( ! man's "w is %elt]4 ,! beg9n+ ( x lay 9 8 ne$ ( %elt]4 ,! impulse to action rose out ( 8 consci\sness ( 8 ne$4 ,8 imag9ation conceiv$ ! plan :]eby ! ne$ might be met1 & ! plan gave %ape to 8 mat]ial4 ,! actual result ( 8 labor 0 a hut1 b ! hut itself 0 n ! end = :i* he /rove4 ,! hut 0 b ! means4 ,! all-inclusive import ( 8 "w--! /imulus :i* impell$ him to act1 ! purpose = :i* he toil$1 & ! end :i* he accompli%$--is %elt]4 ,a man ( special s5sitiv5ess to ! appeal ( color & =m f9ds himself also 9 ! op54 ,he is we>y ) ! way1 :i* %[s b brok5 glimpses ( ! road4 ,8 _s1 heavy ) ! burd5 ( ! my/]y1 is torn by conflict & confusion4 ,z he looks across ! /ony places to ! gn>l$ & wea!r-tortur$ trees beyond1 & up to ! cl\ds pil+ black above him1 !re is reveal$ to him a sudd5 h>mony among ! discords2 an inn] pr9ciple1 appreh5d$ by 8 imag9ation1 compels ! fragm5ts ( ! seem+ *aos into a regnant ord]4 ,^! natural =ms become = him ! expression ext]nal to himself ( ! /ruggle ( 8 own _s & its f9al resolution4 ,! desire rises 9 him to express by 8 own act ! ord] he has newly p]ceiv$1 ! h>mony ( 8 _s ) ! _s ( nature4 ,z life comes to him dom9antly 9 t]ms ( color & =m1 x is ) color & =m t he works to expression s z to satisfy 8 ne$4 ,! design is already project$ 9 8 imag9ation1 & to realize concretely 8 ideal he draws ^u ! mat]ial ( nature ab\t him4 ,! picture :i* he pa9ts is n ! purpose ( 8 ef=t4 ,! picture is b ! means4 ,8 end is to express ! great new h>mony 9 :i* 8 _s f9ds %elt]4 ,bo? m51 ! travel] & ! pa9t]1 are wayf>]s4 ,bo? are seek+ %elt] f /ress & /orm1 & bo? con/ruct _! means4 ,9 "o case ! product is m obvi\sly & imm$iately practical1 & ! in=m+ purpose t5ds to become obscur$ 9 ! actual s]viceabl5ess ( ! result4 ,! hut answ]s a ne$ t is prim>ily physical2 ! ne$ 9 ! o!r case is spiritual4 ,b x is a matt] ( degree4 ,9 ess5ce & import ! a*ievem5t ( ! two m5 is ! same4 ,! orig9at+ impulse1 a s5se ( ne$2 ! processes involv$1 ! comb9ation ( mat]ial elem5ts to a def9ite end2 ! result atta9$1 %elt] :i* answ]s ! ne$1--!y are id5tical4 ,bo? m5 are arti/s4 ,bo? hut & picture are works ( art4 ,s art is n remote f common life aft] all4 ,9 its highe/ manife/ations art is life at its be/2 pa9t+1 sculpture1 poetry1 music are ! di/illm5t & ref9em5t ( exp]i5ce4 ,ar*itecture & ! subsidi>y arts ( decoration adorn necessity & add delight to use4 ,b :atev] ! fl[] & f9al fruit1 art /rikes its roots deep d[n into human ne$1 & draws its impulse & its su/5ance f ! v s\rces ( life itself4 ,9 ! wide range f ! hut 9 ! wild]ness to a ,go?ic ca!dral1 f ! rude scrat*es record$ on ! cave walls ( prehi/oric man to ! sublimities ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 !re is no break 9 ! cont9uity ( ef=t & aspiration4 ,pot5tially e man is an arti/4 ,betwe5 ! arti/1 s-call$1 & ! ord9>y man !re is no gulf fix$ :i* _c be pass$4 ,su* are ! t]ms ( our me*anical civilization to-day t art has become specializ$ & ! practice ( x is limit$ to a few2 9 consequ5ce arti/s h become a k9d ( class4 ,b ess5tially ! possibilities ( art lie )9 ! scope ( any man1 giv5 ! "r conditions4 ,s too ! sep>ation ( ! useful arts f ! f9e arts is unju/ to art & p]v]sive ( "r appreciation4 ,:atev] ! =m 9 :i* x may manife/ itself1 f ! l[e/ to ! highe/1 ! art _s is "o1 & x may quick5 9 any man :o sets m9d & he>t to ! "w ( 8 h&4 ,t man is an arti/ :o fa%ions a new ?+ t he may express himself 9 response to 8 ne$4 ,art is creation4 ,x is ! comb9ation ( already exi/+ mat]ial elem5ts into new =ms :i* become ?us ! realization ( a preconceiv$ idea4 ,bo? hut & picture rose 9 ! imag9ation ( _! mak]s be=e !y took %ape z ?+s4 ,! mat]ial ( ea* 0 giv5 already 9 nature2 b ! =m1 z ! mak] fa%ion$ x1 0 new4 ,commonly we ?9k ( art z ! expression & communication ( emotion4 ,a picture1 a /atue1 a symphony we recognize z ! symbol ( :at ! arti/ has felt 9 "s passage ( 8 exp]i5ce & ! means by :i* he conveys 8 feel+ to u4 ,art is ! expression ( emotion1 b all art spr+s out ( ne$4 ,! s5se ( ne$ :i* impels expression ?r\gh ! m$ium ( creation is itself an emotion4 ,! hut :i* ! travel] built = himself 9 ! wild]ness--%ap+ x accord+ to ! design :i* 8 imag9ation sugge/$1 hav+ ref]5ce to 8 ne$ & to ! "* ( 8 mat]ials--0 a "w ( creation2 ! ne$ :i* prompt$ x pres5t$ itself to him z emotion4 ,! picture :i* ! o!r wayf>] pa9t$ ( ! /orm-swept l&scape1 a h>mony :i* 8 imag9ation compell$ out ( discords1 0 a "w ( creation2 ! emotion :i* inspir$ ! "w 0 att5d$ by ne$1 ! ne$ ( expression4 ,! mat]ial & practical utility ( ! hut obscures ! emotional "* ( its orig92 ! emotional import ( ! picture outweighs consid]ation ( its utility to ! pa9t] z ! means by :i* 8 ne$ ( expression is satisfi$4 ,! satisfaction ( physical ne$s :i* results 9 ! creation ( utilities & ! satisfaction ( spiritual ne$s :i* results 9 ! =ms ( expression we commonly call works ( art diff] "o f ! o!r 9 _! effect on ! total man only 9 degree4 ,all works ( use ^: conception & mak+ h requir$ an act ( creation are art2 all art--ev5 9 its supreme manife/ations--embraces elem5ts ( use4 ,! measure 9 :i* a "w is art is e/abli%$ by ! int5sity & scope ( its mak]'s emotion & by 8 p[] to body =? 8 feel+ 9 h>moni\s =ms :i* 9 turn recreate ! emotion 9 ! _s ( ^? :om 8 "w rea*es4 ,9 its ess5ce & wide/ compass art is ! mak+ ( a new ?+ 9 response to a s5se ( ne$4 ,! v ne$ itself creates1 work+ ?r\gh man z its ag5t4 ,?is tru? is illu/rat$ vividly by ! miracles ( mod]n inv5tion4 ,! h& ( man unaid$ 0 n able to cope ) 8 exp&+ opportunities2 ! giant /eam & ! magician electricity came at 8 call to "w _! wond]s4 ,! pl[ & scy! ( ! ,new ,engl& coloni/ on 8 little f>m 7 metamorphos$ into ! colossal /eam-driv5 %apes1 9 :i* ma*9]y seems transmut$ into intellig5ce1 z he mov$ to ! conque/ ( ! acres ( ! ,we/ :i* summon$ him to dom9ion4 ,fir/ ! ne$ 0 felt2 ! contrivance 0 creat$ 9 response4 ,a man ( bus9ess sees be=e him 9 imag9ation ! end to be rea*$1 & apply+ 8 ideal to practical conditions1 he makes e detail conv]ge to ! result desir$4 ,all rebelli\s circum/ances1 all =ces t pull ! o!r way1 he b5ds to 8 compell+ w1 & by ! %ap+ p[] ( 8 g5ius he accompli%es 8 aim4 ,8 bus9ess is 8 m$ium ( self-expression2 8 success is ! realization ( 8 ideal4 ,a pa9t] does no m ?an ?is1 ?\gh he works ) a diff]5t mat]ial4 ,! l&scape :i* is realiz$ ultimately ^u 8 canvas is ! l&scape se5 9 8 imag9ation4 ,he draws 8 colors & =ms f nature ar\nd2 b he selects 8 details1 adapt+ !m to 8 end4 ,all accid5ts & incid5ts are purg$ away4 ,out ( ! app>5t confusion ( life rises ! evid5t ord] ( art4 ,& 9 ! complet$ "w ! arti/'s idea /&s =? sali5t & victori\s4 ,t consci\sness ( ne$ :i* compels creation is ! orig9 ( art4 ,! own] ( a dwell+ :o fir/ felt ! ne$ ( secur+ 8 door s t he alone might possess ! secret & trick ( access devis$ a lock & key1 rude en\gh1 z we c fancy4 ,z ! mak] ( ! fir/ lock & key he 0 an arti/4 ,all ^? :o foll[$ :]e he _h l$1 repeat+ 8 device )\t modification1 7 b artisans4 ,9 ! measure t any man *ang$ ! design1 h[ev]1 adapt+ x m closely to 8 peculi> ne$s & s mak+ x anew1 to t ext5t he 0 an arti/ also4 ,! man :o does a ?+ = ! fir/ "t x is done is an arti/2 a man :o does a ?+ bett] is an arti/4 ,! pa9t] :o copies 8 object imitatively1 f9d+ no?+1 creat+ no?+1 is an artisan1 h[ev] skillful he may be4 ,he is an arti/ 9 ! degree 9 :i* he br+s to 8 subject some?+ ( 8 own1 & fa%ion+ x1 h[ev] crudely1 to express ! idea he has conceiv$ ( ! object1 s creates4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 "w :i* is art & "w :i* is n art is j ?is elem5t ( ! orig9at+ impulse & creative act4 ,! diff]5ce1 ?\gh (t5 seem+ly slight & n always imm$iately p]ceiv$1 is all-important4 ,x di/+ui%es ! arti/ f ! artisan2 a free _s f a slave2 a ?9k+1 feel+ man f a s\lless ma*9e4 ,x makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 life ri* & significant1 & m]e exi/5ce2 betwe5 ! ma/]y ( fate & ! passive acceptance ( ?+s z !y are4 ,if a m9d & he>t are beh9d x to control & guide x to expression1 ev5 ! ma*9e may be an in/rum5t 9 ! mak+ ( a "w ( art4 ,x is n ! "w itself1 b ! motive :i* prompt$ ! mak+ ( x1 t det]m9es its "* z art4 ,art is n ! way a ?+ is done1 b ! reason :y x is done4 ,a *air1 ?\gh turn$ on a la!1 may be a "w ( art1 if ! mak] has truly express$ himself 9 8 "w4 ,a picture1 ?\gh h&-pa9t$1 may be :olly me*anical 9 _s4 ,to set ab\t mak+ a picture is to beg9 at ! wrong end4 ,! impulse to art fl[s f )9 outw>ds4 ,art is b\nd up ) life itself2 l nature1 x is organic & mu/ gr[4 ,! =m _c be laid on f ! outside2 x is born & mu/ develop 9 response to vital ne$4 ,9 s f> z our acts are consci\sly ! expression ( ourselves !y are prompt$ by ! art _s4 ,all our acts are r$ucible to "o ( two k9ds3 ei!r !y are acts ( creation1 effect+ a new result1 or !y are acts ( repetition4 ,acts ( repetition t5d rapidly to become habits2 & !y may be p]=m$ )\t att5tion or positive volition4 ,?us1 z ,i am dress+ 9 ! morn+ ,i may be plann+ ! "w = ! day2 :ile my m9d is giv5 ov] to ?\ght1 ,i lose ! s5se ( my mat]ial surr\nd+s1 my muscles "w automatically1 ! motor-curr5ts fl[+ ?r\gh ! well-worn grooves1 & by =ce ( habit ! acts execute !mselves4 ,obvi\sly1 acts ( repetition1 or habits1 make up ! l>g] "p ( our daily lives4 ,acts ( creation1 on ! o!r h&1 are p]=m$ by an ef=t ( ! w 9 response to ! consci\sness ( a ne$4 ,to meet ! new ne$ we are oblig$ to make new comb9ations4 ,i assume t ! travel] con/ruct$ 8 hut = ! fir/ "t1 %ap+ x to ! special new conditions2 t ! h>mony :i* ! pa9t] disc]n$ 9 ! tumult ar\nd him he exp]i5c$ = ! fir/ "t1 & ! picture :i* he pa9ts1 %ap$ ) ref]5ce to 8 ne$ & fulfill+ x1 is a new ?+4 ,9 ! "w produc$ by ?is act ( creation1 ! feel+ :i* has prompt$ x f9ds expression4 ,9 ! mak+ ( ! hut1 9 ! pa9t+ ( ! picture1 ! impell+ ne$ is satisfi$4 ,al?\gh acts ( repetition con/itute ! bulk ( life1 creation is ( its v ess5ce & det]m9es its quality4 ,! significance & joy ( life are less 9 be+ ?an 9 becom+4 ,gr[? is expression1 & 9 turn expression is made possible by gr[?4 ,9 our consci\s exp]i5ce ! s5se ( becom+ is "o ( our supreme satisfactions4 ,gr[? is ! purpose & ! recomp5se ( our be+ "h1 ! end = :i* we /rive & ! rew>d ( all ! ef=t & ! /ruggle4 ,9 ! ex]cise ( bra9 or h&1 to feel ! "w take =m1 develop1 & become some?+1--t is happ9ess4 ,& ! joy is 9 ! creat+ r ?an 9 ! ?+ creat$2 ! complet$ "w is beh9d u1 & we move =w>d to new creation4 ,a pa9t]'s be/ picture is ! blank canvas be=e him2 an au?or's greate/ book is ! "o he is j sett+ himself to write4 ,! desire = *ange = ! sake ( *ange :i* we all feel at times1 a vague re/lessness ( m9d & body1 is only ! impulse to gr[? :i* has n f\nd its direction4 ,outside ( u we love to see ! manife/ation ( gr[?4 ,we t5d & *]i% ! little plant 9 ! w9d[2 we wat* ) delight ! unfold+ ( ea* new leaf & ! upw>d rea* into blossom4 ,! spr+1 bur/+ triumphant f ! sil5t1 w9t]-/rick5 e>?1 is nature's p>able ( expression1 h] symbol p]5nially r5ew$ ( ! joy ( gr[?4 ,! impulse to expression is cosmic & et]nal4 ,b ev5 9 ! homel9ess & famili>ity ( our life f day to day ! ne$ ( expression is !re1 :e!r we are entirely aw>e ( x or n2 & we are seek+ ! realization & fulfillm5t ( ourselves ?r\gh ! utt]ance ( :at we are4 ,a few f9d _! expression 9 =ms :i* ) di/9ct limitation ( ! t]m we call works ( art4 ,mo/ m5 f9d x 9 _! daily occupations1 _! pr(ession or _! bus9ess4 ,! presid5t ( "o ( ! great ,we/]n railroads rem>k$ once 9 conv]sation t he w\ld r build a ?\s& miles ( railroad ?an live 9 ! mo/ sumptu\s palace on ,fif? ,av5ue4 ,railroad build+ 0 8 m$ium ( expression2 x 0 8 art4 ,"s express !mselves 9 %ap+ _! mat]ial environm5t1 9 ! decoration & ord]+ ( _! h\ses4 ,a "y woman said1 ,my ambition is to keep my h\se well4 ,aga91 = h]1 h\sekeep+ is h] art4 ,"s f9d ! realization ( !mselves 9 ! fri5ds !y draw ar\nd !m4 ,love is b ! utt]ance ( :at we ess5tially are2 & ! response to x 9 ! lov$ "o makes ! utt]ance articulate & complete4 ,expression rises out ( our deepe/ ne$1 & ! ne$ impels expression4 ,! ass]tion t art is ?us involv$ ) ne$ seems = ! mom5t to run c\nt] to ! usual conception1 :i* reg>ds art z a product ( leisure1 a luxury1 & ! result n ( labor b ( play4 ,art 9 its high] =ms becomes m & m purely ! expression ( emotion1 ! un-trammel$ record ( ! arti/'s spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,x is only :5 physical necessities h be5 met or ignor$ t ! _s ( man has free range4 ,b ! mak] :o adds decoration to 8 b[l aft] he has m\ld$ x is j z truly fulfill+ a ne$--! ne$ ( self-expression--z he fulfill$ a ne$ :5 he fa%ion$ ! b[l 9 ! fir/ in/ance 9 ord] t he might slake 8 ?ir/4 ,art is n sup]add$ to life1--some?+ diff]5t 9 k9d4 ,all ?r\gh its asc5t f its rudim5t>y =ms to its highe/1 f hut to ca!dral1 art is coord9ate ) ! developm5t ( life1 cont9u\s & )\t brea* or sudd5 end2 x is ! expression /ep by /ep ( ev] full] & ev] deep] exp]i5ce4 ,creation1 !re=e1 foll[s ^u ! consci\sness ( ne$1 :e!r ! ne$ be physical1 z ) ! travel]1 or spiritual1 z ) ! pa9t]2 f physical to spiritual we pass by a s]ies ( gradations4 ,at _! extremes !y are easy to di/+ui%1 "o f ! o!r2 b along ! way !re is no break 9 ! cont9uity4 ,! curr5t =mula = art1 t art is ! utt]ance ( man's joy 9 8 "w1 is n q accurate4 ,9 ! act ( creation ! mak] f9ds ! expression ( himself4 ,! man :o decorates a b[l 9 response to 8 own creative impulse is express+ himself4 ,! pa9t] :o ?rills to ! wond] & significance ( nature is impell$ to expression2 & 8 delight is n fully realiz$ & complete until he has utt]$ x4 ,su* art is love express$1 & ! arti/'s "w is 8 hymn ( ! praise ( ?+s4 ,b ! joy = bo? ! pott] & ! pa9t]1 ! joy :i* is s b\nd up ) art z to p>take ( its v ess5ce1 is ! joy :i* att5ds self-expression & ! satisfaction ( ! ne$4 ,a "w ( art is a "w ( creation br\ght into be+ z ! expression ( emotion4 ,! travel] creates n ! wood & /one b %elt]1 by means ( ! hut2 ! pa9t] creates n ! l&scape b ! beauty ( x2 ! musician creates n ! musical tones1 b by means ( a h>mony ( tones he creates an emotional exp]i5ce4 ,! impulse to art rises out ( ! e>lie/ spr+s ( consci\sness & vibrates ?r\gh all life4 ,art does n disda9 to manife/ itself 9 ! little acts ( expression ( simple daily liv+2 ) all its spl5did pa/ & vital pres5t x is ev] seek+ new & great] =ms ^: end is n yet4 ,i spoke ( ! "w ( ! travel] ?r\gh ! wild]ness z art2 ! t]m 0 appli$ also to railroad-build+ & to h\sekeep+4 ,! tru? to be illu/rat$ by ^! examples is t ! prim>y impulse to arti/ic expression does n diff] 9 ess5ce f ! impulse to creation ( any k9d4 ,! nature ( ! ?+ creat$1 z art1 dep5ds ^u ! emotional value ( ! result1 ! degree 9 :i* x expresses imm$iately ! emotion ( its creator1 & ! p[] x possesses to r\se ! emotion 9 o!rs4 ,to %[ t all art is creation & t all creation t5ds t[>d art is n to obscure useful di/9ctions1 b r to re/ore art to its rightful place 9 ! life ( man4 ,9 ! big s5se1 !n1 art is b\nd$ only by life itself4 ,x is n a cult2 x is n an activity practic$ by ! few & a my/]y to be und]/ood only by ^? :o are initiat$ into its secrets4 ,"o difficulty 9 ! way ( ! popul> und]/&+ ( art is due to ! fact t ! t]m art is curr5tly limit$ to its highe/ manife/ations2 we )hold ! title ( arti/ f a good c>p5t] or cab9et-mak] :o takes a pride 9 8 "w & expresses 8 creative desire by %ap+ 8 "w to 8 own idea1 & we be/[ ! "n ^u any juggl] 9 pa9t3 ) ! result t _m p :o are n pa9t]s or musicians feel !mselves on t acc\nt exclud$ f all appreciation4 ,if we g beh9d ! v>i\s manife/ations ( art to discov] j :at art is 9 itself & to det]m9e :]e9 x is able to l9k itself ) common exp]i5ce1 we f9d t art is ! response to a ne$4 ,& t ne$ may wak5 9 any man4 ,e man may be an arti/ 9 8 degree2 & e man 9 8 degree c appreciate art4 ,a "w ( art is ! expression ( its mak]'s exp]i5ce1 ! expression 9 su* t]ms t ! exp]i5ce c be communicat$ to ano!r4 ,! processes ( execution involv$ 9 fa%ion+ a "w1 its te*nique1 may be z incompreh5sible & p]plex$ & difficult z its executants *oose to make !m4 ,te*nique is n ! same z art4 ,! only my/]y ( art is ! my/]y ( all life itself4 ,accept life ) its fundam5tal my/]ies1 ) its wond]s & glories1 & we h ! clue to art4 ,b we miss ! c5tral fact ( ! :ole matt] if we d n p]ceive t art is only a means4 ,x is by expression t we gr[ & s fulfill ourselves4 ,! "w itself :i* art calls into be+ is n ! end4 ,x fails ( its purpose1 rema9+ void & va91 if x does n p]=m its function4 ,! hut :i* does n furni% %elt] is labor lo/4 ,! significance ( ! pa9t]'s ef=t does n /op ) ! canvas & pigm5t :i* he manipulates into =m & mean+4 ,! arti/ sees beyond ! actual mat]ial ?+ :i* he is fa%ion+2 8 purpose 9 creation is expression4 ,by means ( 8 picture he expresses himself & s f9ds ! satisfaction ( 8 deepe/ ne$4 ,! beg9n+ & ! end ( art is life4 ,b ! arti/'s "w ( expression is n ultimately complete until ! message is receiv$1 & expression becomes communication z 8 utt]ance calls out a response 9 ! _s ( a fell[-man4 ,art exi/s n only = ! arti/'s sake b = ! appreciator too4 ,z art has its orig9 9 emotion & is ! expression ( x1 s = ! appreciator ! individual "w has a mean+ & is art 9 s f> z x becomes = him ! expression ( :at he has himself felt b c\ld n phrase2 & x is art too 9 ! measure 9 :i* x is ! revelation ( l>g] possibilities ( feel+ & creates 9 him a new emotional exp]i5ce4 ,! impulse to expression is common to all2 ! diff]5ce is "o ( degree4 ,& ! message ( art is = all1 accord+ z !y are attun$ to ! response4 ,art is creation4 ,= ! arti/ x is creation by expression2 = ! appreciator x is creation by evocation4 ,^! two pr9ciples complete ! cycle2 ab/ractly & v briefly !y are ! :ole /ory ( art4 ,to be responsive to ! ne$s ( life & its emotional appeal is ! fir/ condition ( arti/ic creation4 ,by new comb9ations ( mat]ial elem5ts to br+ emotion to expression 9 concrete h>moni\s =ms1 !mselves *>g$ ) emotion & communicat+ x1 is to fa%ion a "w ( art4 ,to feel 9 mat]ial1 :e!r 9 ! =ms ( nature or 9 works ( art1 a mean+ = ! _s is ! condition ( appreciation4 ,,ii ,,! ,,attitude ,,( ,,response ,,x is a gray aft]noon 9 late ,novemb]4 ,! day is gone2 ev5+ is n yet come4 ,?\gh too d>k to read or write long]1 x is n d>k en\gh = drawn %ades & ! lamp4 ,z ,i sit 9 ! ga!r+ dusk1 my w hov]+ betwe5 "w done & "w to d1 ,i surr5d] to ! mood ( ! mom5t4 ,! day is accompli%$1 b x is n yet a remembrance1 = x is /ill too ne> = me to def9e ! details t made up its h\rs4 ,consci\sness1 n %>p en\gh = ?\ght1 floats away into diffus$ & obscure emotion4 ,! s5se is ^u me & ar\nd me t ,i am vaguely1 unreason+ly1 yet pleasantly1 unhappy4 ,out ( ! dimness a trick ( memory recalls to me ! l9es1-- ,te>s6 te>s6 te>s6 ,9 ! night1 9 solitude1 te>s1 ,on ! :ite %ore dripp+1 dripp+1 suck'd 9 by ! s&1 ,te>s1 n a /> %9+1 all d>k & desolate1 ,moi/ te>s f ! eyes ( a muffl$ head2 ,o :o is t gho/8 t =m 9 ! d>k1 ) te>s8 ,:at %apeless lump is t1 b5t1 cr\*'d !re on ! s&8 ,/ream+ te>s1 sobb+ te>s1 ?roes1 *ok$ ) wild cries2 ,o /orm1 embodi$1 ris+1 c>e]+ ) swift /eps along ! bea*6 ,o wild & dismal night /orm1 ) w9d--,o bel*+ & desp]ate6 ,o %ade s s$ate & decor\s by day1 ) calm c\nt5ance & regulat$ pace1 ,b away at night z y fly1 none look+--,o !n ! unloos5$ ocean ,( te>s6 te>s6 te>s6 ,n[ ,i "k4 ,my mood 0 ! mood ( te>s4 ,! poet1 too1 has felt :at ,i 0 feel+4 ,& z a poet he has be5 able to br+ 8 emotion to expression4 ,by ! magic ( phrase & ! my/]y ( image he has1 out ( ! mov+ ( 8 _s1 fa%ion$ a concrete reality4 ,by means ( 8 expression1 because ( x1 8 emotion becomes realiz$1 & s rea*es its fulfillm5t4 ,& = me1 :at be=e 0 vague has be5 made def9ite4 ,! poet's l9es h wak5$ 9 me a response2 ,i h felt :at he has phras$2 & n[ !y become my expression too4 ,z my mood takes =m1 ,i become consci\s ( its mean+4 ,i c di/ill its significance = ! _s1 & 9 ! emotion made def9ite & realizable z consci\sness ,i feel & "k t ,i am liv+4 ,d\bly1 completely1 ! poem is a "w ( art4 ,& my response to x1 ! absorption ( x into my own exp]i5ce1 is appreciation4 ,i appreciate ! poem z ,i make ! exp]i5ce :i* ! poet has "h phras$ my own1 & at ! in/ant ( read+ ,i live out 9 myself :at he has liv$ & "h express$4 ,i read ! words1 & intellectually ,i take 9 _! signification1 b ! poem is n realiz$ 9 me until x wak5s 9 me ! feel+ :i* ! words are fram$ to convey4 ,! images :i* an arti/ employs h ! p[] to r\se emotion 9 u1 s t !y come to /& = ! emotion itself4 ,we c>e = nature & x is beautiful to u z its =ms become objectively ! intimate expression = u ( :at we feel4 ,o to realize space6 ,! pl5te\sness ( all1 t !re are no b\nds1 ,to em]ge & be ( ! sky1 ( ! sun & moon & fly+ cl\ds1 z "o ) !m4 ,9 8 contact ) ! ext]nal _w ! arti/ id5tifies himself ) 8 object4 ,if he is pa9t+ a tree he 9 a measure becomes ! tree2 he values x at all because x expresses = him concretely :at he feels 9 its pres5ce4 ,! object & 8 _s fuse2 & ?r\gh ! fusion !y toge!r gr[ into a new & l>g] unity4 ,:at 8 "w expresses is n ! object = its own sake b ?is l>g] unity ( 8 id5tity ) x4 ,to appreciate ! arti/'s "w1 !re=e1 we mu/ 9 our turn m]ge ourselves 9 8 emotion1 & becom+ "o ) x1 s ext5d our p]sonality into l>g] life4 ,to make ! arti/'s emotion our own1 to id5tify ourselves ) ! object :i* he pres5ts to u1 we mu/ pass beyond ! mat]ial =m 9 :i* ! "w is embodi$1 lett+ ! _s & mean+ ( x speak to our _s4 ,9 itself an individual picture or /atue or symphony is an objective1 mat]ial ?+1 receiv$ into consci\sness along ! *annel ( ! s5ses2 b its orig9 & its end alike are 9 emotion4 ,! mat]ial =m1 :e!r 9 nature or 9 works ( art1 is only ! means by :i* ! emotion is communicat$4 ,a l&scape 9 nature is compos$ ( mead[ & hills1 blue sky & tumbl+ cl\ds2 ^! are ! facts ( ! l&scape4 ,b !y are n fix$ & in]t4 ,! imag9ation ( ! behold] comb9es ^! elem5ts into a h>mony ( color & mass2 8 _s fl[s into consonance ) ! h>mony 8 imag9ation has compell$ out ( nature1 becom+ "o ) x4 ,to reg>d ! _w n z facts & ?+s1 b z ev]y:]e ! /imulus ( feel+1 feel+ :i* becomes our own exp]i5ce1 is ! condition ( appreciation4 ,to ! awak5+ m9d ( a *ild1 life is full ( wond]1 & ea* unfold+ day reveals new m>vels ( excitem5t & surprise4 ,z yet untrammel$ by any s5se ( ! limitations ( mat]ial1 8 quick imag9ation peoples 8 _w ) creatures ( 8 fancy1 :i* to him are m real ?an ! ?+s he is able actually to see & t\*4 ,= him ! ext]nal _w is fluid & pla/ic1 to be m\ld$ into =ms at w 9 ob$i5ce to 8 creative desire4 ,9 ! t9y bundle ( rags :i* "m-love clasps tight to h] he>t1 a little girl sees only ! lovelie/ ( babies2 & a small boy ) 8 /ick ( la? & newspap] cap & plume is a mighti] ?an ,napoleon4 ,! crud] ! toy1 ! great] is ! pleasure 9 ! game2 = ! imag9ation delights 9 ! ex]cise ( itself4 ,a wax doll1 s5t f ,p>is1 ) flax5 hair & eyes t op5 & %ut1 is laid away1 :5 ! m]e novelty ( x is exhau/$1 9 !atric *e/1 & ! little girl is fondl+ aga9 h] fir/ baby ( rag & /r+4 ,a real /eel sword & t9 helmet are soon ca/ aside1 & ! boy is back aga9 among ! toys ( 8 own mak+4 ,t impulse to creation :i* all m5 feel1 ! impulse :i* makes ! arti/1 is especially active 9 a *ild2 8 games are 8 art4 ,) a *ild mat]ial is n an end b a means4 ,?+s are = him b ! skeleton ( life1 to be clo!d ^u by ! fle% & blood reality ( 8 own fa%ion+4 ,8 feel+ is 9 excess ( 8 k4 ,he has a faculty ( p]ception o!r ?an ! intellectual4 ,x is imag9ation4 ,! *ild is ! fir/ arti/4 ,out ( ! mat]ial ar\nd him he creates a _w ( 8 own4 ,! prototypes ( ! =ms :i* he devises exi/ 9 life1 b x is ! ?+ :i* he himself makes t int]e/s him1 n its orig9al 9 nature4 ,8 play is 8 expression4 ,he creates2 & he is able to m]ge himself 9 ! ?+ creat$4 ,9 8 play he loses all consci\sness ( self4 ,he & ! toy become "o1 caught up 9 ! l>g] unity ( ! game4 ,accord+ z he id5tifies himself ) ! ?+ outside ( him1 ! *ild is ! fir/ appreciator4 ,!n comes a *ange4 ,heav5 lies ab\t u 9 our infancy6 ,%ades ( ! prison-h\se beg9 to close ,^u ! gr[+ ,boy1 ,b he beholds ! light1 & :5ce x fl[s1 ,he sees x 9 8 joy2 ,! ,y\?1 :o daily f>!r f ! ea/ ,mu/ travel1 /ill is ,nature's ,prie/1 ,& by ! vision spl5did ,is on 8 way att5d$2 ,at l5g? ! ,man p]ceives x die away1 ,& fade into ! light ( common day4 ,imag9ation surr5d]s to ! intellect2 emotion gives place to k4 ,gradually ! mat]ial _w %uts 9 ab\t u until x becomes = u a h>d1 in]t ?+1 & no long] a liv+1 *ang+ pres5ce1 in/9ct ) inf9ite possibilities ( exp]i5ce & feel+4 ,n[ cu/om lies ^u u ) a weight1 ,heavy z fro/1 & deep almo/ z life6 ,x happ5s1 un=tunately = our enjoym5t ( life1 t we get us$ to ?+s4 ,little by little we come to accept !m1 to take !m = grant$1 & !y cease to mean any?+ to u4 ,habit1 :i* is our mo/ helpful ally 9 l5d+ our daily life its practical effici5cy1 is ! foe ( emotion & appreciation4 ,habit all[s u to p]=m )\t consci\s ef=t ! innum]able little acts ( ea* day's necessity :i* we c\ld n possibly accompli% if e s+le act requir$ a fre% ex]cise ( w4 ,b j because its action is unconsci\s & unreg>d$1 habit blunts ! edge ( our s5sibilities4 ,?us let b a ,ris+ ( ! ,sun1 says ,c>lyle1 let b a creation ( ! ,_w happ5 twice1 & x ceases to be m>vel\s1 to be notewor?y1 or noticeable4 ,except ye become z little *ildr56 ,unless ! _w is new-creat$ e day1 unless we c ?rill to ! beauty ( nature ) its fair surfaces & h>monies ( vibrant s\nds1 or quick5 to ! ?rob ( human life ) its occupations & its play ( en]gies1 its burd5s & its joys1 unless we f9d an answ] to our ne$s1 & gladness1 9 sunlight or /orms1 9 ! sunset & ev5+ & solitude "u ! />s1 9 fields & hills or 9 ?rong+ city /reets1 9 conflict & /ruggle or 9 ! face ( a fri5d1 unless ea* new day is a gift & new opportunity1 !n we _c int]pret ! mean+ ( life nor read ! riddle ( art4 ,= we _c truly appreciate art except z we le>n to appreciate life4 ,until !n art has no message = u2 x is a seal$ book1 & we %all n op5 ! book nor loose ! seals !re(4 ,! mean+ ( life is = ! _s1 & art is its m9i/]4 ,to %>e 9 ! communion we mu/ become z *ildr54 ,z a *ild uses ! common ?+s ( life to 8 own ends1 transfigur+ !m by =ce ( 8 creative desire1 & fa%ion+ ?us a wond]ful _w ( 8 own by ! ex]cise ( 8 %ap+ imag9ation1 a _w ( limitless incid5t & high adv5ture1 s we mu/ p5etrate ! visible & tangible actuality ar\nd u1 ! envelope ( seem+ly in]t matt] ca/ 9 =ms ( rigid def9ition1 & we mu/ op5 ourselves to ! influ5ce ( nature4 ,t influ5ce--nature's p[] to inspire1 quick51 & dilate--fl[+ ?r\gh ! *annel ( ! s5ses1 plays ^u our _s4 ,! indwell+ significance ( ?+s is appreh5d$ by ! imag9ation1 & is won = u 9 ! measure t we feel4 ,z we respond to ! emotional appeal ( ! great univ]se ext]nal to ourselves we come to realize t ! mat]ial _w :i* we see & t\* is n f9al4 ,9 ! exp]i5ce ( u all !re are mom5ts ( exaltation & quick5$ response1 mom5ts ( illum9ation :5-- ) an eye made quiet by ! p[] ,( h>mony1 & ! deep p[] ( joy1 ,we see into ! life ( ?+s4 ,! life ( ?+s is _! significance = ! _s4 ,by _s ,i mean ! sum ( our consci\s be+1 t complete entity )9 u :i* we recognize z ! self4 ,! mat]ial _w1 ext]nal1 visible1 tangible1 may be reg>d$ z ! actual _w4 ,! real _w is ! _w ( spiritual =ces & relations1 appreh5d$ by ! imag9ation & receiv$ ) feel+4 ,life1 9 ! s5se ( our consci\s exp]i5ce ( ! _w1 is ! mov+ ( ! _s 9 emotion4 ,! measure ( life = ! individual1 !re=e1 is ! degree ( int5sity ) :i* he feels4 ,exp]i5ce is n met$ out by weeks & mon?s2 x is to be s\nd$ by ! dep? & poignancy ( in/ant emotion4 ,v>iety & multitude ( incid5t may cr[d ?r\gh ins5ti5t ye>s & leave no record ( _! progress along ! wa/e places ( _! m>*4 ,or a day may be a lifetime4 ,9 su* mom5ts ( int5se/ exp]i5ce "t & space fall away & are n4 ,! out]mo/ b\nds ( ?+s rec$e2 !y vani% altoge!r3 & we are made free ( ! univ]se4 ,at su* mom5ts we are truly liv+2 !n we really are4 ,z ! mean+ ( art is n ! mat]ial ?+ :i* x calls into =m1 b :at ! "w expresses ( life1 s 9 ord] to appreciate art x is necess>y to appreciate life1 :i* is ! inspiration ( art & its fulfillm5t4 ,to appreciate life is to s5d out our be+ into exp]i5ce & to feel1--to realize 9 t]ms ( emotion our id5tity ) ! great univ]se outside ( u1 ?is _w ( color & =m & s\nd & movem5t1 ?is web ( illimitable activities & en]gies1 %ot ?r\gh ) curr5ts ( endlessly v>i$ & modulat$ feel+4 ,my son1 says ! fa!r 9 ,h9du lore1 po9t+ to an animal1 a tree1 a rock1 my son1 ?\ art t6 ,! univ]se is "o4 ,( x we are ea* an ess5tial "p1 di/9ct z individuals1 yet fus+ ) x 9 our s5se ( our vital k9%ip ) all o!r p>ts & ) ! :ole4 ,i am saunt]+ ?r\gh ! ,public ,g>d5 on a fragrant hu%$ ev5+ 9 ,june2 t\*$ by ! l+]+ aft]gl[1 ! twilight has n yet deep5$ into night4 ,gr\p$ ab\t a b5*1 *ildr5 are mov+ s(tly 9 ! la/ flick] ( play1 :ile ! "m nods above !m4 ,on ! next b5* a w&]] is /ret*$ at full l5g?1 8 face hidd5 9 8 crook$-up arm4 ,i note a c\ple seat$1 sil5t1 ) %\ld] t\*+ %\ld]4 ,i meet a "y man & woman walk+ h& 9 h&2 !y d n see me z ,i pass4 ,beyond1 o!r figures are s\ndless %ad[s1 ga!r+ out ( ! envelop+ dusk4 ,x is all s intimate & fri5dly4 ,! air1 ! fl[]s1 ! bit ( wat] ?r\gh ! trees reflect+ ! lights ( ! little bridge1 are a c>ess4 ,& x is all = me6 ,i am a *ild at 8 tir$ play1 ,i am ! sleep+ tramp1 ,i am ! "y fell[ ) 8 girl4 ,x is n ! s5tim5t ( ! ?+1 receiv$ intellectually1 t makes x m9e4 ,my be+ goes out into ^! o!r lives & becomes "o ) !m4 ,i feel !m 9 myself4 ,x is n ?\ght t con/itutes appreciation2 x is emotion4 ,ano!r glimpse1 caught ?is "t ?r\gh a c> w9d[4 ,n[ x is a w9t] twilight4 ,! flurry ( sn[ has pass$4 ,! e>? is p5etrat$ ) blue light1 suffus$ by x1 m]g$ 9 x1 ev] blue4 ,vague =ms1 /ill & %ad[y1 ( hills & trees1 soppy ) light1 are blue )9 ! blue4 ,! brief expanse ( bay is deeply lum9\s & )9 ! p]vasive temp]+ light resolves itself into ! cool & solemn rea*es ( ! sky :i* b5ds d[n & t\*es x4 ,once m my _s meets & m+les ) ! _s ( ! l&scape4 ,by ! h>mony ( nature's =ms & twilight tones ,i am br\ght into a l>g] h>mony )9 myself & ) ! _w ar\nd4 ,all exp]i5ce (f]s to u at any mom5t j su* possibilities ( liv+4 ,! inf9ite & ev]-*ang+ expressiv5ess ( nature at e in/ant ( day & night is ours to read if we w b look ^u x ) ! inn] vision4 ,! works ( m5 9 cities & cultivat$ fields1 if we w see beyond ! actual mat]ial1 may quick5 our emotions until we enact 9 ourselves _! /ory ( /ruggle1 ( hopes & ambitions p>tly realiz$1 ( defeat or f9al triumph4 ,! faces se5 9 a pass+ cr[d be> ea* ! record ( life liv$1 ( lives l ours ( joys or disappo9tm5ts1 lives ( great aims or no aims at all1 ( unwritt5 h]oisms1 ( hidd5 trag$ies bravely borne1 lives sordid & mean or g5]\s & bright4 ,! panorama ( ! _w unrolls itself = u4 ,x is ours to exp]i5ce & live out 9 our own be+ accord+ z we are able to feel4 ,j z ! impulse to expression is common to all m51 & all are arti/s pot5tially1 diff]+ 9 ! dep? ( _! insight into life & 9 ! degree ( emotion !y h to express1 s appreciation lies )9 ! scope ( all1 & ! measure ( x to u z individuals is det]m9$ by our individual capability ( response4 ,life means to ea* "o ( u :at we are able to receive ( x 9 wise passiv5ess1 & !n are able by ! con/ructive =ce ( our individuality to %ape into coh]5ce & complet5ess4 ,z ! l&scape :i* an arti/ pa9ts is ! l&scape vision$ 9 imag9ation1 ?\gh compos$ ( =ms giv5 9 nature1 s life furni%es u ! elem5ts ( exp]i5ce1 & out ( ^! elem5ts we con/ruct a mean+1 ea* = himself4 ,to "o man an object or incid5t is commonplace & blank2 to ano!r x may be *>g$ ) significance & big ) possibilities ( full] liv+4 ,9 e object4 says ,c>lyle1 !re is inexhau/ible mean+2 ! eye sees 9 x :at x br+s means ( see+4 ,to see is n m]ely to receive an image ^u ! ret9a4 ,! /imulation ( ! visual organ becomes sight prop]ly only z ! record is convey$ to ! consci\sness4 ,:5 ,i am read+ a description ( a sunset1 !re is an image ^u my ret9a ( a :ite page & black m>ks ( diff]5t =ms gr\p$ 9 v>i\s comb9ations4 ,b :at ,i see is ! sunset4 ,mom5t>ily to re/ ! eye ^u a l&scape is n really to see x1 = our m9d may be q o!r:]e4 ,we see ! l&scape only z x becomes "p ( our consci\s exp]i5ce4 ,! beauty ( x is 9 u4 ,a noveli/ conceives c]ta9 *>act]s & assembles !m 9 action & reaction1 b x is we :o 9 effect create ! /ory z we read4 ,we take up a novel1 p]haps1 :i* we read five ye>s ago2 we f9d 9 x n[ new significances & appeals4 ,! book is ! same2 x is we :o h *ang$4 ,we br+ to x ! add$ p[] ( feel+ ( ^? five ye>s ( liv+4 ,art works n by in=mation b by evocation4 ,appreciation is n reception b response4 ,! arti/ mu/ compel u to feel :at he has felt1--n some?+ else4 ,b ! scope ( 8 message1 ) its ov]tones & subtl] implications1 is limit$ by ! rate ( vibration to :i* we are attun$4 ,all ar*itecture is :at y d to x :5 y look ^u x1 7,did y ?9k x 0 9 ! :ite or gray /one8 or ! l9es ( ! ar*es & cornices87 ,all music is :at awakes f y :5 y are rem9d$ by ! in/rum5ts4 ,& aga9 ,:itman says1 ,a great poem is no f9i% to a man or woman1 b r a beg9n+4 ,! f9al significance ( bo? life & art is n won by ! ex]cise ( ! intellect1 b unfolds itself to u 9 ! measure t we feel4 ,to illu/rate ! nature ( appreciation & ! p[] f :i* appreciation d]ives1 ! p[] to project ourselves into ! _w ext]nal to u1 ,i spoke ( ! joy ( liv+ peculi> to ! *ild & to ! *ildlike 9 he>t4 ,b t is n q ! :ole ( ! /ory4 ,a *ild by =ce ( 8 imag9ation & capacity ( feel+ is able to pass beyond ! limits ( mat]ial1 & he lives 9 a _w ( exhau/less play & happ9ess2 = him objects are b means & n an end4 ,to transc5d ?us ! b\nds ( matt] impos$ by ! s5ses & to live by ! p[] ( emotion is ! fir/ condition ( appreciation4 ,! second condition ( appreciation is to feel & "k x1 to become consci\s ( ourselves 9 our relation to ! object4 ,to live is ! purpose ( life2 to be aw>e t we are liv+ is its fulfillm5t & ! rew>d ( appreciation4 ,exp]i5ce has a d\ble value4 ,!re is ! in/ant ( exp]i5ce itself1 & !n ! reaction on x4 ,a *ild is unconsci\s 9 8 play2 he is able to =get himself 9 x completely4 ,at t mom5t he is mo/ happy4 ,! in/ant ( supreme joy is ! in/ant ( ec/asy1 :5 we lose all consci\sness ( ourselves z sep>ate & di/9ct individualities4 ,we are "o ) ! :ole4 ,b exp]i5ce does n yield u its fulle/ & p]man5t significance until1 hav+ ab&on$ ourselves to ! mom5t1 we !n react ^u x & become aw>e ( :at ! mom5t means4 ,a gr\p ( *ildr5 are at play4 ,)\t ?\ght ( !mselves !y are project$ into _! sport2 ) _! :ole be+ m]g$ 9 x1 !y are int5sely liv+4 ,a pass] on ! /reet /&s & wat*es !m4 ,= ! mom5t1 9 _s he becomes a *ild ) !m4 ,9 himself he feels ! absorption & vivid reality to !m ( :at !y are do+4 ,b he feels also :at !y d n feel1 & t is1 :at x means to be a *ild4 ,:]e !y are unconsci\s he is consci\s2 & !re=e he is able1 z !y are n1 to di/ill ! significance ( _! play4 ,?is recognition makes possible ! ext5sion ( 8 own life2 = ! man adds to himself ! *ild4 ,! reproa* is sometimes br\ght aga9/ ,walt ,:itman t ! v p he writes ab\t d n read him4 ,! explanation is simple & illu/rates ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! unconsci\s & ! consci\s reception ( life4 ,! av]age man :o is ! h]o ( ,:itman's *ants is n aw>e ( himself z su*4 ,he goes ab\t 8 bus9ess1 cont5t to d 8 "w2 & t makes up 8 exp]i5ce4 ,x is n ! av]age man himself1 b ! poet /&+ outside & look+ on ) imag9ative sympa?y1 :o feels :at x means to be an av]age man4 ,x is ! poet :o mu/ tea* ! av]age man ! glory ( 8 daily walk & trade4 ,x is n en\gh to be happy z *ildr5 are happy1--unconsci\sly4 ,we mu/ be happy & "k x too4 ,! attitude ( appreciation is ! attitude ( response1--! projection ( ourselves into new & full] ranges ( feel+1 ) ! resultant ext5sion ( our p]sonality & a l>g] grasp on life4 ,we d n ne$ to g f> afield = exp]i5ce2 x is "h & n[4 ,to-day is ! only day1 & e day is ! be/ day4 ,! read9ess is all4 ,b m]e contact ) ! surface ( life is n en\gh4 ,liv+ does n consi/ 9 b>ely meet+ ! necessities ( our mat]ial exi/5ce2 to live is to feel vibrantly ?r\gh\t our be+ ! inn] significance ( ?+s1 _! appeal & welcome to ! _s4 ,?is fair _w ( color & =m & texture is b a %[ _w1 aft] all1--?is _w :i* looms s ne> t we c see x1 t\* x1 :i* comes to u out ( ! abysms ( "t & rec$es into inf9itudes ( space :i!r ! imag9ation _c foll[ x4 ,! true & vital mean+ ( x resides )9 & discov]s itself to u f9ally z emotion4 ,"s ( ?is mean+ art reveals to u1 & 9 t measure x helps u to f9d ourselves4 ,b art is only ! means4 ,! />t+-po9t ( ! appreciation ( art1 & its goal1 is ! appreciation ( life4 ,! rew>d ( liv+ is ! add$ ability to live4 ,& life yields its fulle/ opportunities1 its deepe/ trag$ies1 its highe/ joys1 all its inf9ite scope ( feel+1 to ^? :o ent] by ! gate ( appreciation4 ,,iii ,,te*nique ,,& ,,! ,,layman ,a ,,peasant is /rid+ across a field 9 ! twilight %ad[ ( a hill4 ,beyond1 :]e ! fold ( ! hill dips d[n into ! field1 ano!r peasant is driv+ a team ( ox5 at a pl[4 ,! di/ant figures are agl[ ) gold5 mell[ light1 ! la/ light ( day1 :i* deep5s ! gloom ( ! %ad[+ hillside4 ,! s[]'s cap is pull$ tight ab\t 8 head1 hid+ "u its %ade ! unsee+ eyes4 ,! m\? is brutal & grim4 ,! heavy jaw fl[s d[n into ! ?ick1 resi/ive neck4 ,! "r arm sw+s p[]fully out1 scatt]+ ! gra94 ,! left is press$ to 8 body2 ! big1 /ubborn h& clut*es close ! p\* ( se$4 ,action h]oic1 elem5tal2 ! dumb be>+ ( ! univ]sal burd54 ,9 ! flex ( ! %\ld]1 ! crook ( ! out/ret*$ arm1 ! conqu]+ onw>d /ride1 is express$ all ! =ce ( t ^w ( ! ,"l to ! fir/ toil]1 ,9 ! sweat ( ?y face %alt ?\ eat bread4 ,?ree m5 are /&+ be=e ,millet's canvas4 ,"o recognizes ! subject ( ! picture4 ,) ! pleasure ( recognition he notes :at ! arti/ has "h repres5t$1 & he is int]e/$ 9 ! situation4 ,?is is a peasant1 & he is s[+ 8 gra94 ,s ! onlook] /&s & wat*es ! peasant 9 8 movem5t1 & he ?9ks ab\t ! s[]1 recall+ any s[] he may h read ( or se5 or kn[n1 8 own s[] r ?an ! "o t ,millet has se5 & w\ld %[ to him4 ,?is man's pleasure 9 ! picture has its place4 ,! second ( ! ?ree m5 is attract$ by ! qualities ( execution :i* ! "w displays1 & he is delight$ by :at he calls ! actual beauty ( ! pa9t+4 ,) eyes close to ! canvas he notes ! way ,millet has h&l$ 8 mat]ials1 8 draw+1 8 color1 8 surfaces & edges1 all ! knack ( ! bru%-"w1 recogniz+ 9 8 exam9ation ( ! workman%ip ( ! picture t ?\gh ,millet 0 a v great arti/1 he 0 n a great pa9t]1 t ! rea* ( 8 ideas 0 n equal$ by 8 te*nical skill4 ,!n z ! behold] /&s back f ! canvas to take 9 ! ensemble1 8 eye is pleas$ by ! color-h>mony1 x re/s lov+ly ^u ! balance ( ! composition1 & foll[s ) satisfaction ! rhy?mic fl[ ( l9e4 ,8 enjoym5t is bo? intellectual & s5su\s4 ,& t too has its place4 ,! ?ird spectator1 ) no ?\ght ( ! facts ar\nd :i* ! picture is built1 n obs]v+ ! te*nical execution z su*1 unconsci\s at ! mom5t also ( its m]ely s5su\s *>m1 feels )9 himself1 ,i am t peasant6 ,9 8 own _s is enact$ ! agelong _w-drama ( toil4 ,he sees beyond ! b>e subject ( ! picture2 ! m$ium ) all its p[] ( s5su\s appeal & satisfaction becomes transp>5t4 ,! behold] ent]s into ! v be+ ( ! labor]2 & z he id5tifies himself ) ?is o!r life outside ( him1 becom+ "o ) x 9 _s & feel+1 he adds j s mu* to 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,9 8 reception ( ! mean+ ( ,millet's pa9t+ ( ! ,s[] he lives m deeply & abundantly4 ,x is ! la/ ( ^! ?ree m5 :o /&s 9 ! attitude ( full & true appreciation4 ,! fir/ ( ! ?ree uses ! picture simply z a po9t ( dep>ture2 8 ?\ght travels away f ! canvas1 & he builds up ! entire exp]i5ce out ( 8 own k & /ore ( associations4 ,! second man comes a little ne>] to appreciation1 b ev5 he falls %ort ( full realization1 = he /ops at ! actual mat]ial "w itself4 ,8 int]e/ 9 ! te*nical execution & 8 pleasure 9 ! s5su\s qualities ( ! m$ium d n c>ry him ?r\gh ! canvas & into ! emotion :i* x 0 ! arti/'s purpose to convey4 ,only he truly appreciates ! pa9t+ ( ! ,s[] :o feels some?+ ( :at ,millet felt1 p>tak+ ( ! arti/'s exp]i5ce z express$ by means ( ! picture1 & mak+ x vitally 8 own4 ,b be=e ! appreciator c h br\ght himself to ! po9t ( p]ception :]e he is able to respond directly to ! significance ( art & to make ! arti/'s emotion a "p ( 8 own emotional exp]i5ce1 he mu/ ne$s h travel$ a long & r devi\s way4 ,appreciation is n limit$ to ! ex]cise ( ! intellect1 z 9 ! recognition ( ! subject ( a "w ( art & 9 ! int]e/ :i* ! te*nically m9d$ spectator takes 9 ! arti/'s skill4 ,x does n end ) ! gratification ( ! s5ses1 z ) ! delight 9 h>moni\s color & rhy?mic l9e & ord]$ mass4 ,yet ! intellect & ! s5ses1 ?\gh !y are f9ally b ! *annel ?r\gh :i* ! arti/'s mean+ fl[s to rea* & r\se ! feel+s1 nev]!less play _! "p 9 appreciation4 ,betwe5 ! _s ( ! arti/ & ! _s ( ! appreciator /&s ! individual "w ( art z ! means ( expression & communication4 ,9 ! "w itself emotion is embodi$ 9 mat]ial =m4 ,! mat]ial :i* art employs = expression con/itutes its language4 ,c]ta9 pr9ciples gov]n ! composition ( ! "w1 c]ta9 processes are involv$ 9 ! mak+ ( x1 & ! result possesses c]ta9 qualities & p[]s4 ,! processes :i* ent] into ! actual fa%ion+ ( ! "w are bo? intellectual & physical1 requir+ ! ex]cise ( ! arti/'s m9d 9 ! plann+ ( ! "w & 9 ! direct+ ( 8 h&2 s f> z ! appreciator conc]ns himself ) !m1 !y address !mselves to 8 intellect4 ,! f9i%$ "w 9 its mat]ial aspect possesses qualities :i* are p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses & :i* h a p[] ( s5su\s delight4 ,^u ^! processes & ^! qualities dep5ds 9 "p ! total "* ( a "w ( art1 & !y mu/ be reckon$ ) 9 appreciation4 ,9 8 approa* to any "w ( art1 !re=e1 ! layman is confront$ fir/ ( all ) ! problem ( ! language :i* ! "w employs4 ,ar*itecture uses z its language ! /ructural capabilities ( its mat]ial1 z wood or /one1 br++ all toge!r into coh]5t & s]viceable =m4 ,poetry is phras$ 9 words4 ,pa9t+ employs z its m$ium color & l9e & mass4 ,at ! outset1 9 ! case ( any art1 we h "s k ( ! signification ( its t]ms4 ,"h is a pa9t+ ( a s[]4 ,out ( previ\s exp]i5ce ( ! _w we easily recognize ! subject ( ! picture4 ,b :5ce comes ! maje/y ( ?is rude peasant1 ! dignity augu/ ( ?is r\gh & toil-burd5$ labor]1 8 p[] to move u8 ,9 addition to ! common signification ( its t]ms1 !n1 language seems to h a fur!r expressiv5ess1 a new mean+ imp>t$ to x by ! way 9 :i* ! arti/ uses x4 ,9 a poem we "k ! mean+ ( ! words1 b ! poetry ( x1 :i* we feel r ?an "k1 is ! creation ( ! poet1 wr\ght out ( ! famili> words by 8 cunn+ manipulation ( !m4 ,! grey sea & ! long black l&2 ,& ! yell[ half-moon l>ge & l[2 ,& ! />tl$ little waves t leap ,9 fi]y r+lets f _! sleep1 ,z ,i ga9 ! cove ) pu%+ pr[1 ,& qu5* its spe$ i' ! slu%y s&4 ,!n a mile ( w>m sea-sc5t$ bea*2 ,?ree fields to cross till a f>m appe>s2 ,a tap at ! pane1 ! quick %>p scrat* ,& blue spurt ( a light$ mat*1 ,& a voice less l\d1 ?ro' its joys & fe>s1 ,?an ! two he>ts beat+ ea* to ea*6 ,a drama 9 twelve l9es4 ,^! are words ( common daily usage1 e "o1--= ! mo/ "p aggressively s4 ,b ! romance :i* !y effuse1 ! glam\r :i* envelops ! commonplace incid5t z ) an aura1 is due to ! poet's /rategic selection ( 8 t]ms1 ! "o "r ^w out ( _m words t (f]$1 & 8 subtle comb9ation ( 8 t]ms into melody & rhy?m4 ,! wond] ( ! poet's craft is l ! musician's1-- ,t out ( ?ree s\nds he frame1 n a f\r? s\nd1 b a />4 ,a build+ rises be=e u2 we recognize x z a build+1 & aga9 easily we inf] ! purpose :i* x s]ves1 t x is a temple or a dwell+4 ,& !n ! beauty ( x1 a p[] to affect u beyond ! m]e feet t x is a build+1 lays hold ^u u1 an influ5ce emanat+ f x :i* we d n altoge!r expla9 to ourselves4 ,simply 9 its pres5ce we feel t we are pleas$4 ,! fact1 ! mat]ial :i* ! arti/ uses1 exi/s out !re 9 nature4 ,b ! beauty ( ! build+1 ! maje/y & p[] ( ! picture1 ! *>m ( ! poem1--?is is ! art ( ! arti/2 & he w9s 8 effects by ! way 9 :i* he h&les 8 mat]ials1 by 8 te*nique4 ,"s k ( te*nique1 !re=e1--n ! arti/'s k ( x1 b ! ability to read ! language ( art z ! arti/ int5ds x to be read1--is necess>y to appreciation4 ,! hut :i* ! travel] ?r\gh a wild c\ntry put toge!r to provide himself %elt] aga9/ /orm & ! night 0 9 ess5ce a "w ( art4 ,! purpose ( 8 ef=t 0 n ! hut itself b %elt]1 to accompli% :i* he us$ ! hut z 8 means4 ,! emotion ( :i* ! "w 0 ! expression1 9 ?is case ! travel]'s consci\sness ( 8 ne$1 embodi$ itself 9 a concrete =m & made use ( mat]ial4 ,! hut :i* he conceiv$ 9 response to 8 ne$ became = him ! subject or motive ( 8 "w4 ,= ! actual expression ( 8 design he took advantage ( ! qualities ( 8 mat]ial1 its capabilities to comb9e ?us & s2 ^! inh]5t qualities 7 8 m$ium4 ,! mat]ial wood & /one :i* he employ$ 7 ! vehicle ( 8 design4 ,! way 9 :i* he h&l$ 8 vehicle t[>d ! con/ruction ( ! hut1 avail+ himself ( ! qualities & capabilities ( 8 mat]ial1 might be call$ 8 te*nique4 ,! sight ( "s l&scape wak5s 9 ! behold] a vivid & def9ite emotion2 he is mov$ by x to "s =m ( expression4 ,if he is a pa9t] he w express 8 emotion by means ( a picture1 :i* involves 9 ! mak+ ( x c]ta9 elem5ts & c]ta9 processes4 ,! picture w pres5t select$ facts 9 ! l&scape2 ! l&scape1 !n1 z con/ruct$ accord+ to ! design ! pa9t] has conceiv$ ( x1 becomes ! motive or subject ( 8 picture4 ,! p>ticul> aspects ( ! l&scape :i* ! picture records are its color & its =m4 ,^! qualities ( color & =m are ! pa9t]'s m$ium4 ,an et*+ ( ! sc5e w\ld use n color b l9e to express ! arti/'s emotion 9 its pres5ce2 s l9e is ! m$ium ( et*+4 ,b qualities ( objects are an ab/raction unless !y are embodi$ 9 mat]ial4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to give 8 m$ium actual embodim5t ! pa9t] uses pigm5t1 z oil-color or wat]-color or temp]a1 laid ^u a surface1 z canvas1 wood1 pap]1 pla/]2 ?is mat]ial pigm5t is 8 vehicle4 ,! et*] employs ink$ scrat*es ^u 8 plate ( z9c or copp]1 bitt5 by acid or scrat*$ directly by ! ne$le2 ^! m>ks ( ink are ! vehicle ( et*+4 ,to ! way 9 :i* ! arti/ uses 8 m$ium = practical expression & to 8 me?ods 9 ! actual h&l+ ( 8 vehicle is appli$ ! t]m te*nique4 ,! g5]al conception ( 8 picture1 its total design1 ! *oice ( motive1 ! selection ( details1 ! ma9 s*eme ( composition1--^! belong to ! great /rategy ( 8 art4 ,! application ( ^! pr9ciples 9 practice & _! mat]ial work+ out ^u 8 canvas are an affair ( tactics & fall )9 ! prov9ce ( te*nique4 ,! ultimate significance ( a "w ( art is its cont5t ( emotion1 ! ess5tial controll+ idea1 :i* inspires ! "w & gives x concrete =m4 ,9 its actual embodim5t1 ! expressive p[] ( ! "w resides 9 ! m$ium4 ,! m$ium ( any art1 !n1 z color & mass 9 pa9t+1 l9e 9 draw+ & et*+1 =m 9 sculpture1 s\nd 9 music1 is its means ( expression & con/itutes its language4 ,n[ ! signification ( language d]ives f conv5tion4 ,l9e1 = example1 :i* may be s s5sitive & s expressive1 is only an ab/raction & does n exi/ 9 nature4 ,:at ! draughtsman r5d]s z l9e is objectively 9 fact ! b\nd>y ( =ms4 ,a head1 ) all its subtleties ( color & light & %ade1 may be repres5t$ by a p5cil or *>coal draw+1 black ^u a :ite surface4 ,x is n ! head :i* is black & :ite1 b ! draw+4 ,our acceptance ( ! draw+ z an adequate repres5tation ( ! head re/s ^u conv5tion4 ,writ+ is an elem5t>y k9d ( draw+2 ! lett]s ( ! alphabet 7 orig9ally pictures or symbols4 ,s to-day writt5 or pr9t$ lett]s are arbitr>y symbols ( s\nds1 & gr\p$ toge!r 9 arbitr>y comb9ations !y =m words1 :i* are symbols ( ideas4 ,! ^w sum /ood to ! old ,romans = ! idea ,i am2 to ,engli%-speak+ p ! ^w signifies a total & also a problem 9 ari?metic4 ,a pa9t+ ( a l&scape does n attempt to imitate ! sc5e2 x uses colors & =ms z symbols :i* s]ve = expression4 ,! mean+ atta*+ to ^! symbols d]ives f common acceptance & usage1 ,japanese pa9t+1 r5d]+ ! ab/ract _s ( movem5t ( a wave1 = example1 r ?an ! concrete details ( its surface appe>ance1 diff]s fundam5tally f ! pa9t+ ( ! we/]n _w2 x is none ! less pregnant ) mean+ = ^? :o "k ! conv5tion4 ,to und]/& language1 !re=e1 we mu/ und]/& ! conv5tion & accept its t]ms4 ,! value ( language z a means ( expression & communication dep5ds ^u ! k1 common to ! us] & to ! p]son address$1 ( ! signification ( its t]ms4 ,its effectiv5ess is det]m9$ by ! way 9 :i* x is employ$1 involv+ ! *oice ( t]ms1 z ! true l9e = ! false or mean+less "o1 ! "r value or note ( color out ( _m t w\ld almo/ d1 ! exact & specific ^w r ?an ! vague & feeble2 involv+ also ! comb9ation ( t]ms into articulate =ms4 ,^! ways & me?ods 9 ! use ( language are ! conc]n ( te*nique4 ,te*nique1 !re=e1 plays an important "p 9 ! creation & ! ultimate =tunes ( ! arti/'s "w4 ,j "h arises a problem = ! layman 9 8 approa* to art4 ,! man :o says1 ,i don't "k any?+ ab\t art1 b ,i "k :at ,i l1 is a famili> figure 9 our mid/2 ( su*1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! public ( art is con/itut$4 ,:at he really means is1 ,i don't "k any?+ ab\t te*nique1 b art int]e/s me4 ,i read books1 ,i g to conc]ts & ! !atre1 ,i look at pictures2 & 9 a way !y h some?+ = me4 ,if we make ?is di/9ction betwe5 art & te*nique1 ! matt] becomes simplifi$4 ,! layman does n himself pa9t pictures or write books or compose music2 8 contact ) art is ) ! purpose ( appreciation4 ,life holds "s mean+ = him1 z he is engag$ 9 liv+1 & !re 8 *ief int]e/ lies4 ,s art too has a message address$ to him1 = art />ts ) life & 9 ! end comes back to x4 ,if art is n ! expression ( vital feel+1 9 its turn communicat+ ! feel+ to ! appreciator s t he makes x a real "p ( 8 exp]i5ce ( life1 !n ! ?+ call$ art is only an ex]cise 9 dext]ity = ! mak] & a pa/ime = ! receiv]2 x is n art4 ,b art is n q ! same z life at fir/ h&2 x is r ! di/illm5t ( x4 ,9 ord] to r5d] ! significance ( life z he has p]ceiv$ & felt x1 ! arti/ selects & modifies 8 facts2 & 8 "w dep5ds = its expressiv5ess ^u ! mat]ial =m 9 :i* ! emotion is embodi$4 ,! h&l+ ( mat]ial to ! end ( mak+ x expressive is an affair ( te*nique4 ,! layman may ask himself1 !n1 ,to :at ext5t is a k ( te*nique necess>y = appreciation8 ,& h[ may he w9 t k8 ,on 8 road to appreciation ! layman is beset ) difficulties4 ,mo/ ( ! talk ab\t art :i* he he>s is ei!r ! translation ( picture or sonata into t]ms ( lit]>y s5tim5t or x is a discussion ( ! way ! ?+ is done4 ,he kn[s at lea/ t pa9t+ is n ! same z lit]ature & t music has its own prov9ce2 he recognizes t ! mean+ ( pictures is n lit]>y b pictorial1 ! mean+ ( music is musical4 ,b ! emphasis laid ^u ! mann] ( execution confuses & di/urbs him4 ,at ! outset he frankly admits t he has no k ( te*nical processes z su*4 ,yet ea* art mu/ be read 9 its own language1 & ea* has its special te*nical problems4 ,he realizes t to ma/] ! te*nique ( any s+le art is a c>e]4 ,& yet !re are _m arts1 all ( :i* may h "s message = him 9 _! own k9d4 ,if he mu/ be able to pa9t 9 ord] to enjoy pictures rightly1 if he _c li/5 intellig5tly at a conc]t )\t be+ able himself to compose or at lea/ to p]=m1 8 case = ! appreciation ( art seems hopeless4 ,if ! layman turns to 8 arti/ fri5ds = enlight5m5t & a little sympa?y1 x is possible he may enc\nt] a rebuff4 ,arti/s sometimes speak contemptu\sly ( ! public4 ,a pa9t]1 !y say1 pa9ts = pa9t]s1 n = ! p2 outsid]s "k no?+ ab\t pa9t+4 ,true1 outsid]s "k no?+ ab\t pa9t+1 b p]haps !y "k a little ab\t life4 ,if art is m ?an intellectual subtlety & manual skill1 if art is ! expression ( some?+ ! arti/ has felt & liv$1 !n ! outsid] has aft] all "s /&>d = 8 e/imate ( art & a basis = 8 enjoym5t4 ,he is able to det]m9e ! value ( ! "w to himself accord+ z x expresses :at he already kn[s ab\t life or reveals to him full] possibilities ( exp]i5ce :i* he c make 8 own4 ,he does n pret5d to judge pa9t+2 b he feels t he has "s "r to appreciate art4 ,9 r$uc+ all art to a matt] ( te*nique arti/s !mselves are n q consi/5t4 ,my fri5ds ,jones1 a pa9t]1 & ,smi?1 a compos]1 d n )hold _! op9ion ( ?is or t novel & poem & play1 & !y disc\rse easily on ! p]=mances ( ,mr4 ,james & ,mr4 ,sw9burne & ,mr4 ,%aw2 b ,i h no "r to talk ab\t ! mean+ to me ( ,jones's picture or ,smi?'s sonata1 = my bus9ess is ) words1 & !re=e ,i _c h any conc]n ) pa9t+ or ) music4 ,to be sure1 lit]ature uses z its vehicle ! means ( communication ( daily life1 namely1 words4 ,b ! art 9 lit]ature1 ! int]pretation ( life :i* x gives u1 z di/9ct f m]e ent]ta9m5t1 is no m g5]ally appreciat$ ?an ! art 9 pa9t+4 ,a man's te*nical accompli%m5t may be be/ und]/ood & valu$ by 8 fell[-workm5 9 ! same craft2 & (t5 ! e/imate set by arti/s on _! own "w is ref]r$ to ! qualities ( its te*nical execution4 ,z a classic in/ance1 ,raphael s5t "s ( 8 draw+s to ,alb]t ,dr] to %[ him 8 h&4 ,s a pa9t] pa9ts = ! pa9t]s4 ,b ! arti/ gives back a new fullness & mean+ to life & addresses all :o live4 ,t man is =tunate :o does n all[ 8 progress t[>d appreciation to be imp$$ by ?is confusion ( te*nique ) art4 ,! emphasis :i* work]s 9 any art place ^u _! p[]s ( execution is = !mselves a false valuation ( te*nique1 & x t5ds to obscure ! layman's vision ( ess5tials4 ,te*nique is n1 z x w\ld seem1 ! :ole ( art1 b only a necess>y "p4 ,a "w ( art 9 its creation involves two elem5ts1--! idea & ! execution4 ,! idea is ! emotional cont5t ( ! "w2 ! execution is ! practical express+ ( ! idea by means ( ! m$ium & ! vehicle4 ,! idea ( ,millet's ,s[] is ! emotion att5d+ 8 conception ( ! labor] r5d]$ 9 visual t]ms2 ! execution ( ! picture is exhibit$ 9 ! composition1 ! color1 ! draw+1 & ! actual bru%-"w4 ,s1 too1 ! arti/ himself is con/itut$ by two qualifications1 :i* mu/ exi/ toge!r3 fir/1 ! p[] ( ! subject ov] ! arti/2 & second1 ! arti/'s p[] ov] 8 subject4 ,! fir/ ( ^! )\t ! second results simply 9 emotion :i* does n come to expression z art4 ,! second )\t ! fir/ produces %am art2 ! semblance ( art may be fa%ion$ by te*nical skill1 b ! life :i* inspires art is want+4 ,! arti/1 !n1 may be reg>d$ 9 a dual aspect4 ,he is fir/ a temp]am5t & a m9d1 capable ( feel+ int5sely & able to integrate 8 emotions into unifi$ coh]5t =m2 9 ?is aspect he is ess5tially ! arti/4 ,secondly1 = ! expression ( 8 idea he br+s to be> on ! execution ( 8 "w 8 comm& ( ! m$ium1 8 intellectual adroitness & 8 manual skill2 9 ?is aspect he is ! te*nician4 ,e arti/ has a special k9d ( means ) :i* he works1 requir+ k & dext]ity2 b x may be assum$ t 9 addition to 8 ability to express himself he has some?+ to say4 ,we may te/ a man's m]it z a pa9t] by 8 ability to pa9t4 ,z an arti/ 8 greatness is to be judg$ ) ref]5ce to ! greatness ( 8 ideas2 & 9 8 capacity z arti/ 8 te*nical skill d]ives its value f ! measure 9 :i* x is adequate to _! expression4 ,9 ! case ( an accompli%$ piani/ or viol9i/ we take 8 pr(ici5cy ( te*nique = grant$1 & we ask1 ,:at1 ) all ?is p[] ( expression at 8 comm&1 has he to say8 ,9 8 r5d]+ ( ! compos]'s "w :at has he ( 8 own to contribute by way ( int]pretation8 ,conc$+ at once to ,mr4 ,s>g5t 8 supreme compet5ce z a pa9t]1 8 consummate ma/]y ( all 8 means1 we ask1 ,:at has he se5 9 ?is man or ?is woman be=e him wor?y ( ! ex]cise ( su* skill8 ,9 t]ms ( ! p]sonality he is int]pret+1 :at has he to tell u ( ! beauty & scope ( life & to communicate to u ( l>g] emotional exp]i5ce8 ,! wor? ( te*nique is det]m9$1 n by its excell5ce z su*1 b by its effici5cy = expression4 ,x is difficult = an outsid] to und]/& :y pa9t]s1 writ]s1 sculptors1 & ! re/1 :o are call$ arti/s 9 di/9ction f ! ord9>y workman1 %\ld make s mu* ( _! skill4 ,any man :o works freely & ) joy takes pride 9 8 p]=mance4 ,& in/9ctively we h a great respect = a good workman4 ,skill is n conf9$ to ^? :o are engag$ 9 :at is conv5tionally reg>d$ z art4 ,inde$1 ! di/9ction impli$ 9 favor ( art is unju/ to ! wide range ( activities ( famili> daily life into :i* ! true art _s may ent]4 ,a bootblack :o poli%es 8 %oes z well z he c1 n m]ely because he is to be paid = x1 ?\gh too he has a "r to 8 pay1 b because t is 8 "w1 8 means ( expression1 ev5 he works 9 ! _s ( an arti/4 ,extraord9>y skill is (t5 develop$ by ^? :o are q outside ! pale ( art4 ,9 a circus or music-hall ent]ta9m5t we may see a man ?r[ himself f a trapeze sw++ high 9 air1 & aft] execut+ a d\ble som]sault v>i$ by complex lat]al gyrations1 cat* ! ext5d$ arms ( 8 p>tn]1 :o is hang+ by 8 knees on ano!r fly+ b>4 ,or a man lean+ backw>ds ov] a *air %oots at a di/ance ( fifty paces a lump ( sug> f betwe5 ! =eheads ( two devot$ assi/ants4 ,su* skill presupposes intellig5ce4 ,( ! ye>s ( tra9+ & practice1 ( ! sacrifice & ! p[] ( w1 t h gone to ! accompli%m5t ( ?is result1 ! look]-on c =m b little conception4 ,^! m5 are n consid]$ arti/s4 ,yet a pa9t] :o uses 8 picture to exhibit a skill no m wond]ful ?an !irs w\ld be griev$ to be acc\nt$ an acrobat or a juggl]4 ,only su* skill z is employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( expression is to be reckon$ ) z an elem5t 9 art2 & 9 art x is ( value n = its own sake b z x s]ves its purpose4 ,! true arti/ subord9ates 8 te*nique to expression1 ju/ly mak+ x a means & n ! end4 ,he c>es = ! significance ( 8 idea m ?an = 8 sleight ( h&2 he effaces 8 skill = 8 art4 ,a recognition ( ! skill exhibit$ 9 ! fa%ion+ ( a "w ( art1 h[ev]1 if se5 9 its "r relation to ! total scope ( ! "w1 is a legitimate s\rce ( pleasure4 ,k ( any subject br+s its satisfactions4 ,to und]/& ) disc]n+ insight ! work+s ( any process1 :e!r x be ! op]ation ( natural laws1 z 9 a/ronomy or *emi/ry1 :e!r x be ! con/ruction ( a locomotive1 ! play+ ( a game ( foot-ball1 or ! pa9t+ ( a picture1 to see ! :eels g r\nd & "k ! h[ & ! :]e=e1--und5iably ?is is a s\rce ( pleasure4 ,9 ! und]/&+ ( te*nical processes1 too1 !re is a fur!r occasion ( enjoym5t1 diff]+ some:at f ! satisfaction :i* foll[s 9 ! tra9 ( k4 ,!re is a pleasure 9 poetic pa9s ,:i* only poets "k1 says ! poet ,c[p]4 ,!re is a pleasure 9 ! s5se ( difficulties ov]come kn[n only to ^? :o h tri$ to ov]come !m4 ,b su* enjoym5t--! pleasure :i* comes ) enlight5$ recognition & ! pleasure ( ma/]y & triumph--d]ives f an intellectual ex]cise & is n to be conf\nd$ ) ! full appreciation ( art4 ,art1 f9ally1 is n ! h[ b ! :at 9 t]ms ( its emotional significance4 ,our pleasure 9 ! result1 9 ! design itself1 is n ! same z our pleasure 9 ! skill t produc$ ! "w4 ,! design1 ) ! message t x c>ries1 n ! mak+ ( x1 is ! end ( art4 ,too great preoccupation ) te*nique conflicts ) full appreciation4 ,to fix ! att5tion ^u ! mann] ( expression is to lose ! mean+4 ,a /yle :i* attracts notice to itself is 9 s f> =? bad /yle1 because x defeats its own end1 :i* is expression2 b beyond ?is1 our int]e/ 9 te*nical execution is purely intellectual1 :]eas art rea*es ! emotions4 ,at ! !atre a critic sits unmov$2 dispassionately he looks ^u ! p]sonages ( ! drama1 z !y advance1 retreat1 & c\nt]m>*1 little by little yield+ up _! secret1 disclos+ all ! subtle int]play ( human motives4 ,f ! heights ( 8 k ! critic surveys ! spectacle2 ) an insight born ( 8 le>n+1 he p5etrates ! my/]ies ( ! playwright's craft4 ,he kn[s :at ?\ght & skill h gone into ?is result2 he kn[s ! we>y h\rs ( toil1 ! difficulties ( inv5tion & selection1 ! h]oic rejections1 ! intricacies ( con/ruction1 ! f9al triumph4 ,he sees x all f ! po9t ( view ( ! ma/]-workman1 & sympa!tically he applauds 8 success2 8 recognition ( :at has be5 accompli%$ is 8 pleasure4 ,b all ! :ile he has rema9$ on ! outside4 ,n = a mom5t has he become a p>ty to ! play4 ,he br+s to x no?+ ( 8 own feel+ & p[] ( response4 ,!re has be5 no union ( 8 _s ) ! arti/'s _s1--t union 9 :i* a "w ( art a*ieves its consummation4 ,! man at 8 side1 ) no k or ?\ght ( h[ ! effect has be5 won1 surr5d]s himself to ! illusion4 ,^! p on ! /age are m int5sely & vividly real to him ?an 9 life itself2 ! arti/ has di/ill$ ! significance ( ! situation & communicates x to him z emotion4 ,! man's reaction is n limit$ to ! ex]cise ( 8 intellect1--he gives himself4 ,9 ! exp]i5ce :i* ! dramati/ conveys to him beautifully1 %ap+ discords into h>mony & disclos+ _! mean+ = ! _s1 he lives4 ,a true arti/ employs 8 m$ium z an in/rum5t ( expression2 & he values 8 own te*nical skill 9 ! h&l+ ( x accord+ to ! measure t he is enabl$ !reby to express himself m effectively4 ,on ! layman's "p s mu* k ( te*nique is necess>y z makes x possible = him to und]/& ! arti/'s language & ! add$ expressiv5ess wr\ght out ( language by ! arti/'s cunn+ use ( x4 ,& su* k is n beyond 8 rea*4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ! mean+ ( any language we mu/ fir/ und]/& ! signification ( its t]ms1 & !n we mu/ "k some?+ ( ! ways 9 :i* !y may be comb9$ into articulate =ms ( expression4 ,! t]ms ( spee* are words2 9 ord] to speak coh]5tly & articulately we mu/ gr\p words into s5t5ces accord+ to ! laws ( ! tongue to :i* !y belong4 ,simil>ly1 e art has its t]ms1 or p>ts ( spee*1 & its gramm>1 or ! ways 9 :i* ! t]ms are comb9$4 ,! t]ms ( pa9t+ are color & =m1 ! t]ms ( music are tones4 ,colors & =ms are br\ght toge!r into h>mony & balance t by _! juxtaposition !y may be made expressive & beautiful4 ,tones are wov5 into a patt]n accord+ to pr9ciples ( h>mony1 melody1 & rhy?m1 & !y become music4 ,:5 te*nique is turn$ to su* uses1 n = ! va+lory ( a virtuoso1 b = ! s]vice ( ! arti/ 9 8 e>ne/ "w ( expression1 !n x id5tifies itself ) art4 ,a k ( ! signification ( ! t]ms ( art ! layman may w9 = himself by a recognition ( ! expressive p[] ( all mat]ial & by s5sitiv5ess to x4 ,! behold] w n respond to ! appeal ( a pa9t+ ( a l&scape unless he has himself felt some?+ ( ! *>m or glory ( l&scape 9 nature2 he w n quick5 & exp& to ! dignity or =ce caught 9 rigid m>ble triumphantly made flu5t 9 /atue or relief until he has realiz$ = himself ! significance ( =m & movem5t :i* exhales f e natural object4 ,ge/ure is a univ]sal language4 ,! mighty burd5 ( mean+ 9 ,millet's picture ( ! ,s[] is c>ri$ by ! ge/ure ( ! labor] z he sw+s across ! backgr\nd ( field & hill1 ^: =ms also are expressive2 "h1 too1 ! elem5tal dignity ( =m & movem5t is re9=c$ by ! solemnity ( ! color4 ,ge/ure is b "o ( nature's *>act]s :]e) %e inscribes ^u ! vivid1 %ift+ surface ( ! _w h] message to ! _s ( man4 ,a clue to ! und]/&+ ( ! t]ms ( art1 !re=e1 is f\nd 9 ! layman's own appreciation ( ! emotional value ( all objects ( s5se & _! multitud9\s p[] ( utt]ance1--! s5sitive decision ( l9e1 ! might or delicacy ( =m1 ! spl5dor & subtlety ( color1 ! magic ( s\nd1 ! satisfy+ virtue ( h>mony 9 :atev] embodim5t1 all ! beauty ( nature1 all ! significance ( human life4 ,& ?is appreciation is to be won l>gely by ! v exp]i5ce ( x4 ,! m we feel1 ! great] becomes our p[] = deep] feel+4 ,e emotion to :i* we ?rill is ! entrance into l>g] capacity ( emotion4 ,we may all[ = gr[? & tru/ to ! inevitable work+ ( its laws4 ,9 ! appreciation ( bo? life & art ! individual may be 8 own tea*] by exp]i5ce4 ,! qualities ( objects ) _! inh]5t emotional values con/itute ! raw mat]ial ( art1 to be wov5 by ! arti/ into a fabric ( expressive =m & texture4 ,equipp$ ) a k ( ! t]ms ( any art1 ! layman has yet to und]/& some?+ ( ! ways 9 :i* ! t]ms may be comb9$4 ,e arti/ has 8 idiom or *>act]i/ic /yle4 ,rembr&t on ! flat surface ( 8 canvas secures ! illusion ( =m 9 ! r\nd by a sy/em ( light & %ade2 model+ is indicat$ by pa9t+ ! p>ts 9 great] relief 9 light & ! p>ts 9 less relief 9 %ad[4 ,manet r5d]s ! relief ( =m by a sy/em ( values1 or planes ( m & less light4 ,! local color ( objects is affect$ by ! am\nt ( light !y receive & ! di/ance an object or "p ( an object is f ! eye ( ! spectator4 ,manet pa9ts ) degrees ( light1 & he w9s 8 effects1 n by contra/s ( color1 b by subtle modulations )9 a giv5 hue4 ,l&scape pa9t]s be=e ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 work+ ) color 9 masses1 secur$ a total h>mony by br++ all _! colors1 mix$ ^u ! palette1 into ! same key4 ,! ,lum9>i/s1 l ,claude ,monet1 "w ) little spots or po9ts ( color laid sep>ately ^u ! canvas2 ! fusion ( ^! sep>ate po9ts into ! dom9ant tone is made by ! eye ( ! behold]4 ,! *>act]i/ic effect ( a "w ( art is det]m9$ by ! way 9 :i* ! means are employ$4 ,"s k1 !re=e1 ( ! arti/'s aims z indicat$ 9 8 me?od ( work+ is necess>y to a full und]/&+ ( :at he wants to say4 ,9 8 ef=t to und]/& = 8 own purposes ( appreciation :at ! arti/ has accompli%$ by 8 te*nique1 ! layman may fir/ ( all di/+ui% betwe5 processes & results4 ,a l&scape 9 nature is beautiful to ! behold] because he p]ceives 9 x "s h>mony ( color & =m :i* ?r\gh ! eye appeals to ! emotions4 ,8 vision does n transmit e fact 9 ! l&scape2 in/9ctively 8 eye 9 its sweep ov] mead[ & trees & hill selects ^? details t compose4 ,by ?is act ( integration he is = himself 9 s f> =? an arti/4 ,if he 7 a pa9t] he w\ld "k :at elem5ts 9 ! l&scape to put ^u 8 canvas4 ,b he has no skill 9 ! actual practice ( draw+ & ( h&l+ ! bru%1 no k ( mix+ colors & mat*+ tones2 he und]/&s no?+ ( p]spective & values & ! relations ( light & %ade4 ,he kn[s only :at he sees1 t ! l&scape z he sees x is beautiful2 & equally he recognizes z beautiful ! pres5tm5t ( x ^u canvas4 ,he is ignorant ( ! te*nical problems ) :i* ! pa9t] 9 practice has _h to cont5d 9 ord] to rea* ?is result2 x is ! result only t is ( conc]n to him 9 s f> z x is or is n :at he desires4 ,! pa9t]'s color is significant to him1 n because he kn[s h[ to mix ! color = himself1 b because t color 9 nature has spok5 to him unutt]able ?+s & he has respond$ to x4 ,! layman _c make a sunset & he _c pa9t a picture2 b he c enjoy bo?4 ,s he c>es1 !n1 r = :at ! pa9t] has done ?an = h[ he has done x1 because ! processes d n ent] into 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,! picture has a mean+ = him 9 ! measure t x expresses :at he p]ceives & feels1 & t is ! beauty ( ! l&scape4 ,any k ( te*nical processes :i* ! layman may happ5 to possess may be a s\rce ( intellectual pleasure4 ,b = appreciation1 only s mu* und]/&+ ( te*nique is necess>y z enables him to receive ! message ( a giv5 "w 9 ! degree ( expressiv5ess :i* ! arti/ by 8 use ( 8 m$ium has atta9$4 ,a clue to ?is und]/&+ may come to him by intuition1 by virtue ( 8 own native insight & intellig5ce4 ,he may ga9 x by read+ or by in/ruction4 ,he may g out & w9 x by intrepid que/ion+ ( ^? :o "k2 & x is to be hop$ t su* w be v pati5t ) him1 = aft] all ev5 a layman has ! "r to live4 ,once />t$ on ! pa?1 !n1 9 ! my/]ies ( art z 9 ! :ole complex inf9ite bus9ess ( liv+1 he becomes 8 own tutor by obs]vation & exp]i5ce2 & he may develop into a full] k 9 ob$i5ce to ! law ( gr[?4 ,ea* p>tial clue to und]/&+ br+s him a /ep f>!r on 8 road2 ea* new glimm] ( insight beckons him to ultimate illum9ation4 ,?\gh baffl$ at ! outset1 yet pati5t "u disappo9tm5t1 undaunt$ly he pu%es on 9 spite ( ob/acles1 until he w9s 8 way at la/ to true appreciation4 ,if ! layman seeks a /&>d by :i* to te/ ! value ( any te*nical me?od1 he f9ds x 9 ! success ( ! "w itself4 ,e me?od is to be judg$ 9 & = itself on its own m]its1 & n z bett] or worse ?an "s o!r me?od4 ,individually we may pref] ,velasquez to ,frans ,hals2 ,:i/l] may m9i/] to our p]sonal satisfaction 9 l>g] measure ?an ,mr4 ,s>g5t2 we may enjoy ,mr4 ,james bett] ?an ,/ev5son2 ,ri*>d ,/rauss may /ir u m deeply ?an ,brahms4 ,we d n affirm !reby t impressionism is inh]5tly bett] ?an realism1 or t subtlety is m to be desir$ ?an /r5g?2 ! psy*ological novel is n necess>ily great] ?an romance2 because ( our pref]5ce programme music is n !re=e m significant ?an absolute music4 ,! greatness ( an arti/ is e/abli%$ by ! greatness ( 8 ideas1 adequately express$4 ,& ! value ( any te*nical me?od is det]m9$ by its own effectiv5ess = expression4 ,!re is1 !n1 no inv>iable /&>d ext]nal to ! "w itself by :i* to judge te*nique4 ,= no art is f9al4 ,a s+le "w is ! manife/ation ( beauty z ! individual arti/ has conceiv$ or felt x4 ,! p]ception ( :at is beautiful v>ies f age to age & ) ea* p]son4 ,s1 too1 /&>ds ( beauty 9 art *ange ) ea* g5]ation2 commonly !y are d$uc$ f ! practice ( prec$+ arti/s4 ,classicism =mulates rules f works t h come to be recogniz$ z beautiful1 & x requires ( ! arti/ con=mity to ^! rules4 ,by ?is /&>d1 :i* x reg>ds z absolute1 x tries a new "w1 & x pret5ds to adjudge ! "w good or bad accord+ z x meets ! requirem5ts4 ,!n a ,titan em]ges :o defies ! canons1 wrecks ! old ord]1 & 9 8 own way1 to ! despair or scorn ( 8 contempor>ies1 creates a "w :i* ! g5]ation t foll[s comes to see is beautiful4 ,e au?or1 says ,wordswor?1 z f> z he is great & at ! same "t orig9al1 has _h ! task ( creat+ ! ta/e by :i* he is to be enjoy$4 ,wordswor? 9 8 own g5]ation 0 ridicul$2 ,millet1 :5 he ceas$ pa9t+ nudes = art-deal]s' w9d[s & v5tur$ to express himself1 fac$ />vation4 ,e arti/ is 9 "s measure an innovator2 = 8 own age he is a romantici/4 ,b ! romantici/ ( "o age becomes a classic = ! next2 & 8 p]=mance 9 its turn gives laws to 8 successors4 ,ri*>d ,/rauss1 d]iv+ 9 "s s5se f ,wagn]1 makes ! old] man seem a classic & cons]vative4 ,!n a new m9d aga9 is rais$ up1 a new temp]am5t1 ) new ne$s2 & ^! %ape _! own adequate new expression4 ,! cleane/ expression1 says ,:itman1 is t :i* f9ds no sph]e wor?y ( itself & makes "o4 ,z all life is gr[?1 z !re are no b\nds to ! possibilities ( human exp]i5ce1 s ! work+s ( ! art-impulse _c be compress$ )9 ! t]ms ( a h>d & n>r[ def9ition1 & any ab/ract =mula = beauty is 9 ! v nature ( ?+s =$oom$ to failure4 ,no limit c be set to ! =ms 9 :i* beauty may be made manife/4 ,! true poets are n foll[]s ( beauty1 b ! augu/ ma/]s ( beauty4 ,& ,:itman's own v]se is a notable example ( a new te*nique =g$ 9 response to a new ne$ ( expression4 ,deal+ z he did ) ! big basic impulses ( common exp]i5ce accessible to all m51 ,:itman ne$$ a l>g5ess & fre$om ( expression :i* he did n f9d 9 ! accept$ & curr5t poetic =ms4 ,to mat* ! limitlessly div]sifi$ "* ( ! p1 occupations1 & aspirations ( ^! ,/ates1 z yet undevelop$ b vital & inclos+ ! se$ ( unguess$-at possibilities1 to tally ! fluid1 indet]m9ate1 outw>d-rea*+ _s ( democracy & a new _w1 ! poet requir$ a m$ium ( correspond+ scope & flexibility1 all-inclusive & capable ( endless modulation & v>iety4 ,f9d+ none ready to 8 h&1 he creat$ x4 ,n t ,:itman did n draw = 8 res\rces on ! great treasury ( _w-lit]ature2 & he pr(it$ by ! ef=ts & a*ievem5t ( pr$ecessors4 ,b ! =m 9 8 h&s & z he uses x is new4 ,:atev] we may ?9k ( ! success ( 8 total accompli%m5t1 !re are v _m passages to :i* we _c d5y ! "n ( poetry4 ,nor did ,:itman "w )\t consci\s skill & delib]ate reg>d = te*nical processes4 ,8 note-books & pap]s reveal ! extreme calculation & pa9s ) :i* he wrote1 beg9n+ ) ! collection ( synonyms apply+ to 8 idea & mood1 & s build+ !m up gradually1 ) _m erasures1 corrections1 & sub/itutions1 into ! f9i%$ poem4 ,mu* ( ! vigor ( 8 /yle is due to 8 escape f conv5tional lit]>y phrase-mak+ & 8 return to ! racy idiom ( common life4 ,8 v]se1 app>5tly in*oate & s diff]5t f classical poetic =ms1 is %ap$ ) a cunn+ incr$ible skill4 ,& m ?an t1 x is art1 9 t x is n a b>e /atem5t ( fact1 b communicates to u ! poet's emotion1 s t we realize ! emotion 9 ourselves4 ,:5 8 purpose is consid]$1 x is se5 t no o!r te*nique 0 possible4 ,8 a*ievem5t proves t a new ne$ creates its own means ( expression4 ,:at is true ( ,:itman 9 respect to 8 te*nique is true 9 great] or less degree ( e arti/1 work+ 9 any =m4 ,x is true ( ,pheidias1 ( ,giotto & ,mi*elangelo & ,rembr&t1 ( ,dante & ,%akespe>e1 ( ,bee?ov5 & ,wagn]1 ( ,monet1 ( ,rod91 9 f9e1 f ! beg9n+s ( art to ! day t n[ is4 ,all h creat$ out ( exi/+ =ms ( expression _! own idiom & way ( work+4 ,e arti/ owes some?+ to 8 pr$ecessors1 b language is re-creat$ 9 ! h&s ( ea* ma/] & becomes a new in/rum5t4 ,!re c be !n no s+le =mula = te*nical me?od nor any fix$ & f9al /&>d ( judgm5t4 ,an arti/ himself is ju/ifi$ f 8 own po9t ( view 9 8 conc]n ) te*nique1 = ^u 8 te*nique dep5ds 8 effectiv5ess ( expression4 ,8 practice s]ves to keep alive ! language & to develop its res\rces4 ,art 9 its concrete manife/ations is an evolution4 ,f ,velasquez ?r\gh ,goya to ,manet & ,:i/l] is a l9e ( inh]itance4 ,b a true arti/ recognizes t te*nique is only a means4 ,z an arti/ he is seek+ to body =? 9 ext]nal =m ! vision )91 & he tries to make 8 m$ium fai?ful to ! color+ ( 8 own _s4 ,e arti/ works out 8 *>act]i/ic mann]2 b ! progress mu/ be f )9 outw>ds4 ,t[>d ! %ap+ ( 8 own /yle he is help$ by ! practice ( o!rs1 b he is help$ & n h9d]$ only 9 s f> z ! mann] ( o!rs c be made g5u9ely ! expression ( 8 own feel+4 ,direct borr[+ ( a trick ( execution & s]vile imitation ( a /yle h no place 9 true art4 ,a pa9t] :o w\ld le>n ( ,velasquez %\ld /udy ! ma/]'s te*nique1 n t 9 ! end he may pa9t l ,velasquez1 b t he may discov] j :at x 0 t ! ma/]1 by means ( 8 individual /yle1 0 endeavor+ to express1 & s br+ to be> on 8 own environm5t "h 9 ,am]ica to-day ! same ability to see & ! same p[] ( sympa!tic & imag9ative p5etration t ,velasquez br\ght to 8 environm5t at ! c\rt ( sev5te5?-c5tury ,spa94 ,! way to pa9t l ,velasquez is to be ,velasquez4 ,no man is a g5ius by imitation4 ,e man may seek to be a ma/] 9 8 own "r4 ,te*nique does n lead2 x foll[s4 ,/yle is ! man4 ,f )9 outw>ds4 ,art is ! expression ( s9c]e & vital feel+2 ! mat]ial ?+1 picture1 /atue1 poem1 :i* ! arti/ conjures into be+ is only a means4 ,! mom5t art is wor%ip$ = its own sake1 t mom5t decad5ce beg9s4 ,no "o1 says ,leon>do1 w ev] be a great pa9t] :o takes z 8 guide ! pa9t+s ( o!r m54 ,9 g5]al ! hi/ory ( art exhibits ?is c\rse4 ,9 ! beg9n+ arises a man ( deep & g5u9e feel+1 ! language at ^: comm&1 h[ev]1 has n be5 develop$ to ! po9t :]e x is able to c>ry ! full burd5 ( 8 mean+4 ,su* a man is ,giotto2 & we h ! burn+ messages ( prophecy deliv]$ by ! /amm]+ lips ( infants4 ,9 ! g5]ations :i* sup]v5e1 arti/s ) less f]vor ( _s b ) gr[+ skill ( h&1 increas$ ) ea* inh]itance1 turn _! ef=ts to ! developm5t ( _! means4 ,! names ( ?is p]iod ( exp]im5t & rese>* are ,masaccio1 ,uccello1 ,pollaiuolo1 ,v]roc*io4 ,at l5g?1 :5 ! fullness ( "t is come1 em]ges ! ma/]-m9d1 ( orig9al insight & creative p[]4 ,heir to ! te*nical a*ievem5ts ( 8 pr$ecessors1 he is able to give 8 transc5d5t idea its supremely adequate expression4 ,cont5t is p]fectly mat*$ by =m4 ,on ?is summit /& ,mi*elangelo1 ,raphael1 ,leon>do4 ,!n foll[ ! ,c>racci1 ,dom5i*9o1 ,gu]c9o1 ,guido ,r5i1 ,c>lo ,dolci1 m5 :o mi/ake ! ma/]'s mann] = 8 mean+4 ,! idea1 ! vital pr9ciple1 has sp5t itself4 ,! =m only is left1 & t is elaborat$ into ! exub]ance ( decay4 ,pa9t]s f9d _! impulse no long] 9 nature & life b 9 pa9t4 ,te*nique is made an end 9 itself4 ,& art is dead1 to be reborn 9 ano!r %ape & guise4 ,! relation ( te*nique to appreciation 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ! layman beg9s n[ to def9e itself4 ,te*nique s]ves ! arti/ = effici5t expression2 an und]/&+ ( x is ( value to ! layman 9 s f> z ! k helps him to read ! arti/'s language & ?us to receive 8 message4 ,bo? = arti/ & = layman te*nique is only a means4 ,out ( 8 own intellig5t & pati5t exp]i5ce ! layman c w9 8 way to an und]/&+ ( me?ods2 & 8 /&>d ( judgm5t1 good en\gh = 8 own purposes1 is ! degree ( expressiv5ess :i* ! "w ( art1 by virtue ( its qualities ( execution1 is able to a*ieve4 ,skill may be enjoy$ intellectually = its own sake z skill2 9 itself x is n art4 ,te*nique is mo/ successful :5 x is lea/ p]ceiv$4 ,ars cel>e artem3 art reveals life & conceals te*nique4 ,we mu/ und]/& some?+ ( te*nique & !n =get x 9 appreciation4 ,:5 we ?rill to ! spl5dor & glory ( a sunset we are n ?9k+ ( ! laws ( refraction4 ,appreciation is n k1 b emotion4 ,,iv ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,! ,,m$ium ,,z ,i sw+ ?r\gh ! wide c\ntry 9 ! fre%ness & fullness ( a blossom+1 sun-/eep$ morn+ 9 ,may1 brea?+ ! brea? ( ! fields & ! tall] by in*es = ! sweep ( ! hills & ! rea*es ( sky above my head1 e n]ve 9 my body is alive ) s5sation & delight4 ,my joy is 9 ! fragrance ( e>?1 ! +ratiat+ w>m? ( ! fre% morn+1 ! spaci\s1 inclos+ air4 ,my pleasure 9 ?is direct contact ) ! l&scape is a physical reaction1 to be enjoy$ only by ! actual exp]i5ce ( x2 x _c be reproduc$ by any o!r means2 x c be recall$ by memory b fa9tly & z ! e*o ( s5sation4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 some?+ else 9 ! l&scape :i* c be reproduc$2 & ?is recall may seem m glori\s ?an ! orig9al 9 nature4 ,!re are elem5ts 9 ! sc5e :i* a pa9t] c r5d] = me m int5sely & vividly ?an ,i p]ceiv$ !m = myself4 ,^! elem5ts embody ! value t ! l&scape has = my emotions4 ,! sc5e appeals to some?+ )9 me :i* lies beyond my actual physical contact ) x & ! m]e s5se ( t\*4 ,! h>mony t ! eye p]ceives 9 ^! op5 fields1 ! graci\s l9e ( trees along ! /ream's edge1 ! toss+ hills beyond1 & ! ar* ( ! blue sky above impregnat+ ! e>? ) light1 is communicat$ to my _s1 & ,i feel t ?is rea* ( radiant c\ntry is an ext5sion ( my own p]sonality4 ,a pa9t]1 by ! manipulation ( 8 color & l9e & mass1 conc5trates & int5sifies ! h>mony ( x & s height5s its emotional value4 ,! mean+ ( ! sc5e = ! _s is convey$ 9 t]ms ( color & mass4 ,color & mass are ! pa9t]'s m$ium1 8 language4 ,! f9al import ( art is ! idea1 ! emotional cont5t ( ! "w4 ,on 8 way to ! expression ( 8 idea ! arti/ avails himself ( mat]ial to give 8 feel+ concrete actuality & visible or audible realization4 ,he pa9ts a picture1 glori\s 9 color & compell+ 9 ! conc5tration ( its mass+2 he c>ves a /atue1 noble 9 =m or subtly rhy?mic2 he weaves a patt]n ( h>moni\s s\nds4 ,he values objects n = _! own sake b = ! en]gies !y possess1--_! p[] to r\se 8 :ole be+ into height5$ activity4 ,& !y h ?is p[] by virtue ( _! mat]ial qualities1 z color & =m or s\nd4 ,a l&scape is gay 9 spr+time or sad 9 autumn4 ,! diff]5ce 9 its effect ^u u is n due to our k t x is spr+ or autumn & our consci\sness ( ! associations appropriate to ea* season4 ,! emotional quality ( ! sc5e is l>gely a matt] ( its color4 ,let ! spr+ l&scape be %r\d$ 9 gray mi/ sift+ d[n out ( gray skies1 & we are sad4 ,let ! autumn fields & woodl& sp>kle & dance 9 ! crisp gold5 sunlight1 & our blood dances ) !m & we want to %\t f full lungs4 ,9 music ! major key wak5s a diff]5t emotion f ! m9or4 ,! note ( a viol9 is virg9 9 quality2 ! voice ( ! 'cello is ! voice ( exp]i5ce4 ,! di/9ctive emotional value ( ea* in/rum5t inh]es 9 ! "* ( its s\nd4 ,^! qualities ( objects art uses z its language4 ,?\gh all art is "o 9 ess5ce1 yet ea* art employs a m$ium ( its own4 ,9 ord] to und]/& a "w 9 its scope & true significance we mu/ recognize t an arti/ ?9ks & feels 9 t]ms ( 8 special m$ium4 ,8 impulse to create comes ) 8 vision1 actual or imag9ative1 ( color or =m1 & 8 ?\ght is transmitt$ to 8 h&1 :i* %apes ! "w1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( words4 ,! nature ( 8 vehicle & ! conditions 9 :i* he works det]m9e 9 l>ge measure ! details ( ! =m :i* 8 idea ultimately assumes4 ,?us a pott] designs 8 vessel fir/ ) ref]5ce to its use & !n ) reg>d to 8 mat]ial1 its "* & possibilities4 ,z he models 8 pla/ic clay ^u a :eel1 he naturally makes 8 b[l or jug r\nd r ?an %>ply angul>4 ,a patt]n = a c>pet1 to be wov5 by a sy/em ( little squ>es into ! fabric1 w h reg>d = ! conditions 9 :i* x is to be r5d]$1 & x w diff] 9 ! "* ( its l9es & masses f a patt]n = a wall-pap]1 :i* may be pr9t$ f blocks4 ,! design] 9 /a9$ glass w try less to make a picture 9 ! _s ( graphic repres5tation ?an to produce an h>moni\s color-patt]n ^: outl9es w be guid$ & controll$ by ! possibilities ( ! lead+ ( ! w9d[4 ,! true arti/ uses ! conditions & v limitations ( 8 mat]ial z 8 opportunity4 ,! re/ra9t impos$ by ! sonnet =m is welcom$ by ! poet z compell+ a collect$ness ( ?\ght & an int5sity ( expression :i* 8 idea might n a*ieve if all[$ to fl[ 9 fre] *annels4 ,! work] 9 iron has 8 triumphs2 ! goldsmi? has 84 ,! limitations ( ea* craft op5 to x effects :i* are d5i$ to ! o!r4 ,!re is an art ( confection]y & an art ( sculpture4 ,! design] ( fro/+s :o has a "r feel+ = 8 art w n emulate ! sculptor & /rive to model 9 ! gr& /yle2 ! sculptor :o tries to reproduce imitatively ! textures ( lace or o!r fabrics & :o exub]ates 9 filigrees & fuss9esses s f> dep>ts f 8 art z to rival ! confection]4 ,9 ! degree t a pa9t] tries to wr5* 8 m$ium f its "r use & function & attempts to make 8 picture tell a /ory1 :i* c bett] be told 9 words1 to t ext5t he is unfai?ful to 8 art4 ,pa9t+1 work+ z x does ) color & =m1 %\ld conf9e itself to ! expression ( emotion & idea t c be r5d]$ visible4 ,on ! "p ( ! appreciator1 likewise1 ! emotion express$ 9 "o k9d ( m$ium is n to be translat$ into any o!r t]ms )\t a diff]5ce4 ,e k9d ( mat]ial has its special value = expression4 ,! mean+ ( pictures1 accord+ly1 is limit$ precisely to ! expressive p[] ( color & =m4 ,! impression :i* a picture makes ^u ! behold] maybe phras$ by him 9 words1 :i* are 8 own means ( expression2 b he sugge/s ! import ( ! picture only incompletely4 ,if ,i describe 9 words ,millet's pa9t+ ( ! ,s[] accord+ to my und]/&+ ( x1 ,i am tell+ 9 my own t]ms :at ! picture means to me4 ,:at x meant to ,millet1 ! full & true significance ( ! situation z ! pa9t] felt x1 is !re express$ ^u 8 canvas 9 t]ms ( visible aspect2 & correspond+ly1 ,millet's mean+ is fully & truly receiv$ 9 ! measure t we feel 9 ourselves ! emotion r\s$ by ! sight ( 8 color & =m4 ,! ess5tial cont5t ( a "w ( art1 !re=e1 is modifi$ 9 its effect ^u u by ! k9d ( m$ium 9 :i* x is pres5t$4 ,if an idea phras$ orig9ally 9 "o m$ium is translat$ into ! t]ms ( ano!r1 we h illu/ration4 ,turn+ ! pages ( an illu/rat$ novel1 we come ^u a plate %[+ a man & a woman aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( a divan1 a *air1 & a tea-table4 ,! man1 9 a frock coat1 hold+ a top hat 9 8 left h&1 ext5ds 8 "r h& to ! woman1 :o has j ris5 f ! table4 ,! leg5d "u ! picture reads1 ,tak+ 8 hat1 he said good-by4 ,"h ! illu/rator has simply suppli$ a visible image ( :at 0 sugge/$ 9 ! text2 ! draw+ has no int]e/ beyond help+ ! read] to t image4 ,x is a /atem5t ( ! b>e fact 9 o!r t]ms4 ,9 ! h&s ( an arti/1 h[ev]1 ! translation may take on a value ( its own1 *ang+ ! orig9al idea1 add+ to x1 & becom+ 9 itself an indep5d5t "w ( art4 ,?is value d]ives f ! =m into :i* ! idea is translat$4 ,! frescoes ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel are only sublime illu/ration2 b h[ little ( _! p[] atta*es to ! subject !y illu/rate1 & h[ mu* ( _! sublimity lies 9 ! pa9t]'s r5d]+6 ,conv]sely1 an example ( ! lit]>y int]pretation ( a picture is ,walt] ,pat]'s description ( ,leon>do's ,mona ,lisa4 ,! pres5ce t ?us rose s /rangely beside ! wat]s1 is expressive ( :at 9 ! ways ( a ?\s& ye>s m5 _h come to desire4 ,h]s is ! head ^u :i* all ! ends ( ! _w are come1 & ! eyelids are a little we>y4 ,x is a beauty wr\ght out f )9 ^u ! fle%1 ! deposit1 little cell by cell1 ( /range ?\ghts & fanta/ic rev]ies & exquisite passions4 ,set x = a mom5t beside "o ( ^? :ite ,greek goddesses or beautiful wom5 ( antiquity1 & h[ w\ld !y be tr\bl$ by ?is beauty1 into :i* ! s\l ) all its maladies has pass$6 ,all ! ?\ghts & exp]i5ce ( ! _w h et*$ & m\ld$ !re1 9 t :i* !y h ( p[] to ref9e & make expressive ! outw>d =m1 ! animalism ( ,greece1 ! lu/ ( ,rome1 ! rev]ie ( ! middle age ) its spiritual ambition & imag9ative loves1 ! return ( ! ,pagan _w1 ! s9s ( ! ,borgias4 ,%e is old] ?an ! rocks among :i* %e sits2 l ! vampire1 %e has be5 dead _m times1 & le>n$ ! secrets ( ! grave2 & has be5 a div] 9 deep seas1 & keeps _! fall5 day ab\t h]2 & traffick$ = /range webs ) ,ea/]n m]*ants2 &1 z ,l$a1 0 ! "m ( ,hel5 ( ,troy1 &1 z ,sa9t ,anne1 ! "m ( ,m>y2 & all ?is has be5 to h] b z ! s\nd ( lyres & flutes1 & lives only 9 ! delicacy ) :i* x has m\ld$ ! *ang+ l9eam5ts1 & t+$ ! eyelids & ! h&s4 ,! fancy ( a p]petual life1 sweep+ toge!r t5 ?\s& exp]i5ces1 is an old "o2 & mod]n ?\ght has conceiv$ ! idea ( humanity z wr\ght ^u by1 & summ+ up 9 itself1 all modes ( ?\ght & life4 ,c]ta9ly ,lady ,lisa might /& z ! embodim5t ( ! old fancy1 ! symbol ( ! mod]n idea4 ,x is ,leon>do's conception1 yet ) a diff]5ce4 ,"h ! critic has wov5 ab\t ! subject an exquisite tissue ( associations1 a :ole wide backgr\nd ( k & ?\ght & feel+ :i* x lay beyond ! pa9t]'s range to evoke2 b ! critic is d5i$ ! vividness1 ! imm$iat5ess & intimate w>m? ( vital contact1 :i* ! pa9t] 0 able to a*ieve4 ,! ,lisa :om ,leon>do %[s u & ! ,lisa :om ,pat] int]prets = u are ! same 9 ess5ce yet diff]5t 9 _! p[] to affect u4 ,! diff]5ce result+ f ! k9d ( m$ium employ$ is well exemplifi$ by ,rossetti's ,bless$ ,damozel4 ,! fundam5tal concept ( bo? poem & picture is id5tical1 b picture & poem h ea* its di/9ctive range & limitations & its own peculi> appeal4 ,if we cancel ! common elem5t 9 ! two1 ! diff]5ce rema9+ makes x possible = u to realize h[ mu* ( ! effect ( a "w ( art inh]es 9 ! m$ium itself4 ,pa9t+ may be an aid to lit]ature 9 t x helps u to m vivid images2 ! lit]>y int]pretation ( pictures or music gives to ! works ) :i* x deals an intellectual def9it5ess4 ,b ! functions peculi> to ea* art are n to be conf\nd$ nor ! di/9ctions obscur$4 ,pictures are n a sub/itute = lit]ature1 & _! true mean+ is f9ally n to be translat$ into words4 ,_! beauty is a visible beauty2 ! emotions !y r\se are su* z c be convey$ ?r\gh ! s5se ( sight4 ,9 ! end !y c>ry _! message suffic+ly z color & mass4 ,midway1 h[ev]1 our enjoym5t may be complicat$ by o!r elem5ts :i* h _! place 9 our total appreciation4 ,?us a pa9t+ ( a l&scape may appeal to u ov] & above its inh]5t beauty because we are already1 out ( actual exp]i5ce1 famili> ) ! sc5e x repres5ts1 & ! sight ( x wak5s 9 our memory a tra9 ( pleasant alli$ associations4 ,a ru9$ t[]1 9 itself an exquisite composition 9 color & l9e & mass1 may ga!r ab\t x sugge/ions ( romance1 elem5tal passions & wild life1 & may epitomize = ! behold] ! :ole ,middle ,age4 ,associat$ int]e/1 !re=e1 may be s5tim5tal or intellectual4 ,x may be s5su\s also1 appeal+ to o!r s5ses ?an ^? ( sight4 ,! s5se ( t\* plays a l>ge "p 9 our enjoym5t ( ! _w4 ,we l ! feel ( objects1 ! cat* ( raw silk1 ! *ill smoo?ness ( burni%$ brass1 ! ?ick s(tness ( mi/s1 ! amor\s wet ( gre5 dep?s ( sea4 ,! s5ses ( ta/e & smell may be excit$ imag9atively & contribute to our pleasure4 ,w9sl[ ,hom]'s break]s br+ back to u ! salt fragrance ( ! ocean1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( ^! :ite mad surges we feel ! /++ spray 9 our faces & we ta/e ! cosmic exhil>ation ( ! sea-w9d4 ,b ! f9al mean+ ( a picture resides 9 ! total h>mony ( color & =m1 a h>mony into :i* we c project our :ole p]sonality & :i* itself con/itutes ! emotional exp]i5ce4 ,all language 9 its mat]ial aspect has a s5su\s value1 z ! weal? ( color ( ,v5etian pa9t+1 ! sumptu\sness ( ,r5aissance ar*itecture1 ! melody ( ,mr4 ,sw9burne's v]se1 ! gem-l brilliance ( ,/ev5son's prose1 ! all-inclusive s5su\sness1 t\*$ ) s5suality1 ( ,wagn]'s music-dramas4 ,because ( ! *>m ( beautiful language !re are _m art-lov]s :o reg>d ! s5su\s qualities ( ! "w itself z mak+ up ! entire exp]i5ce4 ,ap>t f any consid]ation ( int5tion or expressiv5ess1 ! mat]ial ?+ :i* ! arti/'s t\* summons into =m is held to be its own excuse = be+4 ,?is ord] ( enjoym5t1 valid z f> z x goes1 falls %ort ( complete appreciation4 ,x does n pass ! delight "o has 9 ! radiance ( gems or ! gl[+ t9cture ( "s fabric4 ,! elem5t ( mean+ does n ent] 94 ,!re is a beauty = ! eye & a beauty = ! m9d4 ,! qualities ( mat]ial may give pleasure to ! s5ses2 ! object embody+ ^! qualities becomes beautiful only z x is end[$ ) a significance wak5$ 9 ! human _s4 ,a l&scape1 says ,walt] ,crane1 owes a great "p ( its beauty to ! h>moni\s relation ( its lead+ l9es1 or to c]ta9 pleasant contra/s1 or a c]ta9 impressiv5ess ( =m & mass1 & at ! same "t we %all p]ceive t ?is l9e> expression is insep>able f ! s5tim5t or emotion sugge/$ by t p>ticul> sc5e4 ,9 ! appreciation ( art1 to /op ) ! s5su\s appeal ( ! m$ium is to mi/ake means = an end4 ,rhyme1 says ! au?or ( ,int5tions1 9 ! h&s ( a real arti/ becomes n m]ely a mat]ial elem5t ( metrical beauty1 b a spiritual elem5t ( ?\ght & passion also4 ,an arti/'s color1 glori\s or t5d]1 is only a symbol & manife/ation to s5se ( 8 emotion4 ,at fir/ glance ,titian's portrait ( ! ,man ) ! ,glove is an ineffable color-h>mony4 ,b truly se5 x is inf9itely m4 ,by means ( color & =mal design ,titian has embodi$ "h 8 vision ( sup]b "y manhood2 by ! expressive p[] ( 8 mat]ial symbols he has r5d]$ visible 8 s5se ( dignity1 ( f95ess1 ( /r5g? 9 res]ve4 ,! color is beautiful because 8 idea 0 beautiful4 ,?r\gh ! "* ( ?is "y man z reveal$ & int]pret$ by ! arti/1 ! behold] is br\ght into contact ) a vital p]sonality1 ^: influ5ce is communicat$ to him2 9 ! appreciation ( ,titian's message he sees & feels & lives4 ,! value ( ! m$ium resid$ n 9 ! mat]ial itself b 9 its p[] = expression4 ,:5 language is elaborat$ at ! exp5se ( ! mean+1 we h 9 s f> =? %am art4 ,x %\ld be easy to di/+ui% 9 art betwe5 :at is vital & :at is me*anical4 ,! me*anical is ! product ( m]e execution & calls att5tion to ! mann]4 ,! vital is born out ( inspiration1 & ! liv+ idea transmutes its mat]ial into emotion4 ,too great an ef=t at realization defeats ! int5d$ illusion1 = we ?9k only ( ! skill ex]cis$ to effect ! result1 & ! op]ation ( ! intellect inhibits feel+4 ,9 ! greate/ art ! m$ium is lea/ p]ceiv$1 & ! behold] /&s imm$iately 9 ! pres5ce ( ! arti/'s idea4 ,! mat]ial is necess>ily fix$ & f9ite2 ! idea /ruggles to free itself f its m$ium & untrammel$ to rea* ! _s4 ,x is m9d speak+ to m9d4 ,h[ev] complete ! mat]ial expression may seem1 x is only a "p ( :at ! arti/ w\ld say2 imag9ation transc5ds ! actual4 ,9 ! art :i* goes deepe/ into life1 ! m$ium is necess>ily inadequate4 ,! arti/ fa%ions 8 "w 9 a sublime despair z he feels h[ little ( ! mighty mean+ )9 him he is able to convey4 ,9 ! greate/ works rightly se5 ! m$ium becomes transp>5t4 ,)9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel ! visitor1 :5 once he has yield$ to ! illusion1 is n consci\s ( pla/] surface & pigm5t2 inde$1 he h>dly sees color & design z su* at all2 ?r\gh !m he looks into ! imm5sity ( heav51 peopl$ ) gods & godlike m54 ,consummate act+ is t :i* makes ! spectator =get t x is act+4 ,! "p & ! play] become "o4 ,! actor1 9 himself & 9 ! words he utt]s1 is ! unreg>d$ vehicle ( ! dramati/'s idea4 ,9 a play l ,ibs5's ,gho/s1 ! /age1 ! actors1 ! dialogue m]ge & fall away1 & ! ov]:elm+ mean+ /&s reveal$ 9 its complete int5sity4 ,z ! play op5s1 x cuts out a segm5t f ! *aos ( human life2 /ep by /ep x excludes all t is uness5tial1 /roke by /roke ) an inevitabl5ess t is cru%+1 x conv]ges to ! great "o-?+ t ! dramati/ want$ to say1 until at ! end ! spectator1 consci\s no long] ( ! m$ium b only ( ! idea & all-resolv+ emotion1 b[s d[n be=e its ov]ma/]+ =ce ) ! cry1 ,:at a m9d is !re6 ,9 ! art :i* mo/ completely a*ieves expression ! m$ium is n p]ceiv$ z di/9ct f ! emotion ( :i* ! m$ium is ! embodim5t4 ,9 ord] to r5d] expressive ! mat]ial employ$ 9 its s]vice1 art seeks con/antly to id5tify means & end1 to make ! =m "o ) ! cont5t4 ,! wayf>] out ( 8 ne$ ( %elt] built a hut1 us+ ! mat]ial :i* *ance gave into 8 h& & %ap+ 8 design accord+ to 8 res\rces2 ! purpose ( 8 "w 0 n ! hut itself b %elt]4 ,s ! arti/ 9 any =m is impell$ to creation by 8 ne$ ( expression2 ! ?+ :i* he creates is n ! purpose & end ( 8 ef=t1 b only ! means4 ,ea* art has its special m$ium1 & ea* m$ium has its peculi> s5su\s *>m & its own k9d ( expressiv5ess4 ,?is p[] ( s5su\s delight is incid5tal to ! real beauty ( ! "w2 & t beauty is ! message ! "w is fram$ to convey to ! _s4 ,9 ! individual "w1 ! inspir+ & %ap+ idea seeks s to fuse its mat]ial t we feel ! idea c\ld n h be5 phras$ 9 any o!r way z we surr5d] to its ultimate appeal1--! sum ( ! emotional cont5t :i* gave x bir? & 9 :i* x rea*es its fulfillm5t4 ,v ,,! ,,backgr\nd ,,( ,,art ,,sc5e3 ,! ma9 hall ( ! ,accademia 9 ,v5ice4 ,"t3 ,noon ( a ,july day4 ,dramatis p]sonae3 ,a guide2 two drab-color$ & tir$ m52 a gr\p ( wom51 ( v>i\s ages1 equipp$ ) r$-cov]$ little volumes1 & sev]ally expressive ( great e>ne/ness1 wide-ey$ rapture1 & giggles4 ,! guide1 9 /rid5t1 acc5tless tones3 ,la/ "w ( ,titian4 ,n9ety-n9e ye>s old4 ,he di$ ( smallpox4 ,a woman3 ,is t x8 ,a high voice on ! outskirts3 ,i'm go+ to get "o = =ty doll>s4 ,ano!r voice3 ,well1 ,i'm n go+ to pay m ?an fifty = m9e4 ,a /raggl]3 ,eliza1 look at ^? p4 ,oh1 y miss$ x6 7,/opp+ sudd5ly87 ,my1 isn't t lovely6 ,*orus3 ,yes1 t's ,p>is ,bordone4 ,:i* "o is t8 ,he has magnific5t color4 ,! guide3 ,! ?+ y want to look at is ! five figures 9 front4 ,a voice3 ,oh1 t's beautiful4 ,i love t4 ,a man3 ,=e%ort5$2 well1 ,i %\ld say s6 ,b ,i say1 y c't rememb] all ^! pictures4 ,! o!r man3 ,let's get out ( ?is6 ,! guide1 indicat+ a picture ( ! ,gr& ,canal3 ,?is "o has be5 re/or$4 ,a girl's voice3 ,:y1 t's ! h\se :]e we are /ay+6 ,! guide3 ,! next picture 4 4 4 ,! squad %uffles out ( range4 ,?is little com$y1 enact$ 9 fact & "h fai?fully report$1 is n )\t its pa?os4 ,^! p are /udy+ art4 ,!y really want to und]/&1 & if possible1 to enjoy4 ,!y h visit$ gall]ies & se5 _m pictures1 & !y w visit o!r gall]ies & see _m m pictures be=e _! return home4 ,!y h read guide-books1 not+ ! />s & d\ble />s2 !y h dipp$ into hi/ories ( art & volumes ( criticism4 ,!y h be5 told to obs]ve ! dramatic =ce ( ,giotto1 ! l9e ( ,botticelli1 ! p]fect composition ( ,raphael1 ! color ( ,titian2 all ?is !y h done punctili\sly4 ,!y "k 9 a vague way t ,giotto 0 mu* e>li] ?an ,raphael1 t ,botticelli 0 r pagan ?an ,*ri/ian1 t ,titian belong$ to ! ,v5etian s*ool4 ,!y h come to ! f\nta9 head ( art1 ! v works !mselves z ga!r$ 9 ! gall]ies2 !y h tri$ to rememb] :at !y h read & to d :at !y h be5 told2 & n[ !y are left /ill p]plex$ & unsatisfi$4 ,! difficulty is t ^! e>ne/ seek]s aft] k ( art h laid hold on p>tial tru?s1 b !y h fail$ to see ^! p>tial tru?s 9 _! "r relation to ! :ole4 ,! p]iod 9 :i* an arti/ liv$ means some?+4 ,8 way ( ?9k+ & feel+ means some?+4 ,! quality ( 8 color means some?+4 ,b :at does 8 picture mean8 ,^! p h n q f\nd ! key by :i* to piece ! fragm5ts ( ! puzzle into ! complete design4 ,!y miss ! c5tral fact ) reg>d to art2 & z a consequ5ce1 ! ways ( approa* to ! full enjoym5t ( art1 in/ead ( br++ !m ne>] ! c5tre1 become = !m a network ( by-pa?s 9 :i* !y enme% !mselves1 & !y are left to w&] helplessly up & d[n & ab\t 9 ! bl9d-alleys ( ! labyr9?4 ,! c5tral fact ) reg>d to art is ?is1 t a "w ( art is ! expression ( "s "p ( ! arti/'s exp]i5ce ( life1 8 vision ( "s aspect ( ! _w4 ,= ! appreciator1 ! "w takes on a mean+ z x becomes = him 9 8 turn ! expression ( 8 own actual or possible exp]i5ce & ?us relates itself by ! subtle l9ks ( feel+ to 8 own life4 ,?is is ! c5tral fact2 b !re are side issues4 ,any s+le "w ( art is 9 itself necess>ily f9ite4 ,because ( limitations 9 bo? ! arti/ & ! appreciator ! "w _c express imm$iately & completely ( itself all t ! au?or wi%$ to convey2 x c pres5t b a s+le facet ( 8 _m-sid$ radiat+ p]sonality4 ,:at is actually said may be re9=c$ by "s und]/&+ on ! behold]'s "p ( :at 0 int5d$4 ,9 ord] to w9 its fulle/ message1 !re=e1 ! appreciator mu/ set ! "w aga9/ ! l>ge backgr\nd out ( :i* x has proce$$4 ,a visitor 9 ! ,salon ,c>r ( ! ,l\vre notes t !re are array$ be=e him pictures by ,jan van ,eyck & ,meml+1 ,raphael & ,leon>do1 ,giorgione & ,titian1 ,rembr&t & ,metsu1 ,rub5s & ,van ,dyck1 ,f\quet & ,p\ss91 ,velasquez & ,murillo4 ,ea* "o be>s ! di/9ctive impress ( its creator4 ,h[ diff]5t "s ( !m1 "o f ano!r1--! ,virg9 ( ,van ,eyck f ! ,virg9 ( ,raphael1 ,rembr&t's ,pilgrimsat ,emmaus f ! ,entombm5t by ,titian4 ,yet betwe5 o!rs !re are common elem5ts ( lik5ess4 ,raphael & ,titian are di/+ui%$ by an opul5ce ( =m & a luxuriance ( color :i* reveal supreme te*nical accompli%m5t 9 a f]tile l& "u light-impregnat$ skies4 ,! rigidity & re/ra9t ( ,van ,eyck & ,meml+ sugge/ ! t5tative e>ly ef=ts ( ! art ( a sob] nor!rn race4 ,to a ?\ghtful /ud5t ( ^! pictures soon] or lat] ! "q comes1 ,:5ce are ^! lik5esses & ^! diff]5ces8 ,hi!rto ,i h ref]r$ to ! creative m9d & executive h& z g5]ically ! arti/4 ,i h ?\ght ( him z a type1 repres5tative ( all ! great class ( ^? :o feel & express1 & :o by means ( _! expression communicate _! feel+4 ,simil>ly ,i h spok5 ( ! "w ( art1 z ?\gh x 7 complete 9 itself & isolat$1 sprung full-=m$ & panopli$ f ! bra9 ( its creator1 able to w9 its way & consummate its de/9y alone4 ,! type is conceiv$ intellectually2 9 actual life ! type resolves itself into individuals4 ,s !re are individual arti/s1 ea* ) 8 own di/9ctive gifts & ideals1 ea* ) 8 own sep>ate exp]i5ce ( life1 ) 8 p]sonal & special vision ( ! _w1 & 8 *>act]i/ic mann] ( expression4 ,simil>ly1 a s+le "w ( art is n an isolat$ ph5om5on2 x is only a "p ( ! arti/'s total p]=mance1 & to ^! o!r works x mu/ be ref]r$4 ,! k9d ( "w an arti/ sets himself to d is det]m9$ to "s ext5t by ! p]iod into :i* he 0 born & ! c\ntry 9 :i* he liv$4 ,! arti/ himself1 heir to ! a*ievem5ts ( 8 pr$ecessors1 is a developm5t1 & 8 "w is ! product ( an evolution4 ,a "w ( art1 !re=e1 to be judg$ aright & truly appreciat$1 mu/ be se5 9 its relation to its backgr\nd1 f :i* x deta*es itself at ! mom5t ( consid]ation1--! backgr\nd ( ! arti/'s p]sonality & accompli%m5t & ( ! national life & ideals ( 8 "t4 ,if ! layman's int]e/ 9 art is m ?an ! casual t\*-&-g ( a picture "h1 a conc]t !re1 & an ent]ta9+ book ( an ev5+1 he is confront$ ) ! important matt] ( ! /udy ( art z x manife/s itself ?r\gh ! ages & 9 div]se l&s4 ,x is n a "q ( practic+ an art himself1 = te*nical skill lies outside 8 prov9ce4 ,! /udy ( art 9 ! s5se propos$ has to d ) ! consid]ation ( an individual "w 9 its relation to all ! factors t h ent]$ into its production4 ,! "w ( an arti/ is pr(\ndly influ5c$ by ! national ideals & way ( life ( 8 race & ( 8 age4 ,! art ( ,ca?olic ,italy is ecclesia/ical2 ! art ( ! ,prote/ant ,nor? is dome/ic & individual4 ,! actual =m an arti/'s "w assumes is modifi$ by ! res\rces at 8 disposal1--res\rces bo? ( mat]ial & ( te*nical me?ods4 ,raphael may h no m to say ?an ,giotto _h1 b he is able to express himself 9 a full] & m f9i%$ way1 because 9 8 "t ! language ( pa9t+ _h become ri*] & m v>i$ & ! rhetoric ( x _h be5 c>ri$ to a f>!r po9t ( developm5t4 ,f9ally1 z all art is 9 ess5ce ! expression ( p]sonality1 a s+le "w is to be und]/ood 9 its wide/ int5tion & scope by ref]5ce to ! total p]sonality ( ! individual arti/ z manife/$ 9 8 "w collectively1 & to be int]pret$ by ! appreciator ?r\gh 8 k ( ! arti/'s exp]i5ce ( life4 ,9 ord] to wre/ its fulle/ expressiv5ess f a "w ( art x is necess>y z f> z possible to reg>d ! "w f ! arti/'s own po9t ( view4 ,we mu/ try to see ) 8 eyes & to feel ) him :at he 0 work+ =4 ,to ?is end we mu/ recon/ruct imag9atively on a basis ( ! facts ! conditions 9 :i* he liv$ & wr\ght4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ,giotto & ,raphael is a diff]5ce n ( individuality only4 ,ea* gives expression to ! ideals & ways ( ?\ght ( 8 age4 ,ea* is a creative m9d1 b ea* bases 8 p]=mance ^u :at has gone be=e1 & ! =m ( _! "w is condition$ by ! res\rces ea* _h at 8 disposal4 ,to discov] ! arti/'s purpose m completely ?an he 0 able to realize x = himself 9 ! s+le "w1--t is ! aim & function ( ! hi/orical /udy ( art4 ,a brief review ( ! a*ievem5t ( ,giotto & ( ,raphael may s]ve to illu/rate concretely ! application ( ! pr9ciple & to fix its value to appreciation4 ,9 ! p]iod ( ! decl9e & fall ( ! ,roman ,empire art pass$ f ,rome to ,byzantium4 ,! arts ( sculpture & pa9t+ 7 employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur*1 impos+ by its magnific5ce & all-p[]ful 9 its dom9ation ov] ! lives & m9ds ( m54 ,! function ( art 0 to tea*2 its "* 0 symbolic & decorative4 ,art _h no sep>ate & indep5d5t exi/5ce4 ,x _h no direct ref]5ce to nature2 ! pictorial repres5tation ( individual traits 0 q outside its scope2 a few signs fix$ by conv5tion suffic$4 ,a fi%--d]iv$ f ! acro/ic i*tbus--symboliz$ ! ,savi\r2 a cross 0 ! visible tok5 ( r$eem+ grace4 ,& s ?r\gh sev]al hundr$ ye>s4 ,! twelf? c5tury saw ! beg9n+s ( a *ange 9 ! direction ( spiritual & intellectual emancipation4 ,! tea*+s & example ( ,francis ( ,assisi br\ght m5 to ! consci\sness ( !mselves & to a realization ( ! wor? & significance ( ! individual life4 ,! "w ( ,giotto is ! expression 9 art ( ! new _s4 ,( necessity ,giotto f\nd$ 8 "w ^u ! accept$ =ms ( ! ,byzant9e tradition4 ,b ,giotto 0 a man ( g5ius & a creative m9d4 ,9 ! expression ( 8 fre% impulse & vital feel+1 ! ass]tion ( new-f\nd individuality1 he tri$ to realize z conv9c+ly & vividly z possible ! situation ) :i* he 0 deal+2 & ) ?is purpose he look$ n back ^u art b out ^u nature4 ,:]e ! ,byzant9e conv5tion _h pres5t$ b a sign & remote indication ( =m by means ( flat color1 ,giotto end[s 8 figures ) life & movem5t & actuality by giv+ !m a body 9 ?ree dim5sions2 8 =ms exi/ 9 ! r\nd4 ,until 8 day1 light & %ade _h n be5 employ$2 & su* p]spective z he 0 able to a*ieve he _h to discov] = himself4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 ,*ri/ian pa9t+ a figure has bodily exi/5ce4 ,giotto gives ! fir/ evid5ce1 too1 ( a s5se ( ! beauty ( color1 & ( ! value ( movem5t z a means ( add$ expressiv5ess4 ,8 p[] ( composition %[s an imm5se advance on 8 pr$ecessors4 ,9 deal+ ) traditional subjects1 z ! ,madonna & *ild1 he foll[s 9 g5]al ! traditional arrangem5t4 ,b 9 ^? subjects :]e 8 own inv5tiv5ess is giv5 free play1 z 9 ! s]ies ( frescoes illu/rat+ ! life ( ,/4 ,francis1 he reveals an extraord9>y faculty ( design & a dramatic s5se :i* is mat*$ by a directness & cl>ity ( expression4 ,n only 9 ! te*nique ( 8 craft 0 ,giotto an innovator1 b also 9 ! direction ( naturalness & reality ( feel+4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to introduce portraits into 8 "w4 ,8 ,madonnas & sa9ts are no long] m]e types2 !y are human & individual1 vividly felt & *>act]iz$ by imm$iate & pres5t actuality4 ,giotto 0 ! fir/ reali/1 b he 0 a poet too4 ,8 insight into life is temp]$ by a deep s9c]ity & piety2 8 "w is g5u9ely & p[]fully felt4 ,z a man ,giotto 0 rev]5t & e>ne/1 joy\s & beautifully sane4 ,z a pa9t]1 by =ce ( ! fre%ness ( 8 impulse & ! cl>ity ( 8 vision1 he creat$ a new mann] ( expression4 ,z an arti/ he reveals a true p[] ( imag9ative int]pretation4 ,! casual spectator ( to-day f9ds him naive & qua9t4 ,9 ! eyes ( 8 contempor>ies he 0 any?+ b t2 !y reg>d$ him z a m>vel ( reality1 surpass+ nature itself4 ,:5 judg$ ) ref]5ce to ! conditions ( life 9 :i* he work$ & to ! te*nical res\rces at 8 comm&1 ,giotto is se5 to be ( a v high ord] ( creative m9d4 ,! ye> #acjj divides ! life ( ,giotto into two ne>ly equal p>ts2 ! ye> #aejj simil>ly divides ! life ( ,raphael4 ,9 ! two c5turies t int]v5e1 ! great age ( ,italian pa9t+1 initiat$ by ,giotto1 rea*es its fl[] & p]fection 9 ,mi*elangelo1 ,leon>do1 & ,raphael4 ,! ye>s :i* foll[$ ! pass+ ( ^! greatnesses 7 ! ye>s ( decad5ce & eclipse4 ,if we are to und]/& & ju/ly appreciate ! "w ( ea* man 9 its own k9d1 ! pa9t+ ( ,giotto mu/ be tri$ by o!r /&>ds ?an ^? we apply to ! judgm5t ( ,raphael4 ,giotto 0 a pione]2 ,raphael is a consummation4 ,! two c5turies betwe5 7 a p]iod ( developm5t & *ange1 a developm5t 9 all t reg>ds te*nique1 a *ange 9 national ideals & 9 ! arti/'s attitude t[>d life & t[>d 8 art4 ,a quick survey ( ! p]iod1 if s ha/y a g5]alization p]mits correctness ( /atem5t1 w help u 9 ! und]/&+ ( ! craft & art ( ,raphael4 ,giotto 0 succe$$ by a ho/ ( less] m51 reg>d$ z 8 foll[]s1 m5 :o s\ght to apply ! pr9ciples & me?ods ( pa9t+ work$ out by ! ma/]1 b :o lack$ 8 inspiration & 8 p[]4 ,?us x 0 = ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s4 ,! turn ( ! f\rte5? c5tury into ! fifte5? saw ! em]g5ce ( new =ces 9 ! sci5ce & ! me*anics ( pa9t+4 ,! laws ( p]spective & =e%ort5+ 7 made ! object ( special rese>* & practice by m5 l ,uccello 7#acig-adge71 ,pi]o dei ,frances*i 7#adaf-adib71 & ,mantegna 7#adca-aejf74 ,oh1 :at a beautiful ?+ ?is p]spective is6 ,uccello exclaim$1 z he /ood at 8 desk betwe5 midnight & dawn :ile 8 wife begg$ him to take "s re/4 ,9 ! fir/ ?irty ye>s ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ,masaccio contribut$ to ! k ( anatomy by 8 pa9t+ ( ! nude =m2 & ! /udy ( ! nude 0 cont9u$ by ,pollaiuolo & ,luca ,signorelli1 9 ! second half ( ! c5tury4 ,masaccio1 also1 0 ! fir/ to place 8 figures 9 air1 envelop+ !m 9 atmosph]e4 ,v]roc*io1 a g5]ation lat] ?an ,masaccio1 0 "o ( ! fir/ ( ! ,flor5t9es to und]/& l&scape & ! "p play$ 9 x by air & light4 ,! reali/ic _s1 :i* suffices itself ) subjects drawn f e-day actual exp]i5ce1 f9ds expression 9 ! fir/ half ( ! fifte5? c5tury 9 ! "w ( ,&rea del ,ca/agno4 ,& s d[n ?r\gh t c5tury ( spr+ & summ]4 ,ea* pa9t] 9 8 own way c>ries "s detail ( 8 craft to a fur!r po9t ( developm5t & prep>es ! pa? = ! supreme triumphs ( ,mi*elangelo1 ,leon>do1 & ,raphael4 ,! gr[+ ma/]y ( ! pr9ciples & te*nique ( pa9t+ accompani$ a *ange 9 ! pa9t]'s attitude t[>d 8 art4 ,orig9ally1 pa9t+1 appli$ 9 subjection to ar*itecture & employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur*1 0 decorative 9 scope2 its purpose 0 illu/ration1 its function 0 to tea*4 ,z pa9t]s1 f g5]ation to g5]ation1 w5t deep] into ! secrets ( _! craft1 !y became less int]e/$ 9 ! didactic import ( _! "w1 & !y conc]n$ !mselves m & m ) its purely arti/ic significance4 ,religi\s subjects 7 no long] us$ m]ely z symbols = ! expression ( piety & z incitem5ts to devotion2 !y became inh]5tly arti/ic motives1 valu$ z !y furni%$ ! arti/ an opportunity = ! ex]cise ( 8 k & skill & = ! exhibition ( lovely color & significant =m4 ,a *ange 9 ! me*anical me?ods ( pa9t+1 also1 _h its influ5ce on a *ange 9 ! conception ( ! function ( art4 ,) a v few exceptions1 ! works ( ,giotto 7 execut$ 9 fresco z wall decorations4 ,! pr9ciples ( mural pa9t+ require t ! composition %all be subord9at$ to ! ar*itectural conditions ( ! space x is to fill & t ! color %all be kept flat4 ,! fresco me?od meets ^! requirem5ts admirably1 b because ( its flatness x has its limitations4 ,! introduction ( an oil vehicle = ! pigm5t mat]ial1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 made possible a mu* great] range 9 gradat$ color1 & re9=c+ ! increas$ k ( light & %ade1 aid$ 9 ! evolution ( decoration into ! easel picture1 complete 9 itself4 ,releas$ f its subjection to ar*itecture1 increas+ its te*nical res\rces1 & wid5+ its int]e/s 9 ! matt] ( subject s z to include all life1 pa9t+ becomes an indep5d5t & self-suffic+ art4 ,co9cid5t ) ! developm5t ( pa9t+ z a craft1 a mighty *ange 0 work+ itself out 9 ! national ideals & 9 m5's ways ( ?\ght & feel+4 ,already 9 ,giotto's "t ! _s ( individualism _h begun to ass]t itself 9 reaction f ! dom9ance ( an all-p[]ful re/rictive ecclesia/icism1 b ! age 0 /ill ess5tially pieti/ic & accord+ to its lights1 religi\s4 ,! fifte5? c5tury witness$ ! emancipation f tradition4 ,! new humanism1 :i* took its rise ) ! r$iscov]y ( ,greek culture1 ext5d$ ! intellectual horizon & int5sifi$ ! en?usiasm = beauty4 ,m5's int]e/ 9 life 0 no long] n>r[ly religi\s1 b human2 _! art became ! expression ( ! new _s4 ,e>ly ,*ri/ianity _h be5 ascetic1 enjo9+ negation ( life & ! mortification ( ! fle%4 ,! m5 ( ! ,r5aissance1 ) some?+ ( ! feel+ ( ! eld] ,greeks1 glorifi$ ! body & delight$ 9 ! pride ( life4 ,pagan my?s & ,greek leg5ds take _! place alongside ( ,bible episodes & /ories ( sa9ts & m>tyrs1 z subjects ( repres5tation2 all s]v$ equally z motives = ! expression ( ! arti/'s s5se ( ! beauty ( ?is _w4 ,to ?is new culture & to ^! two c5turies ( gr[? & accompli%m5t 9 ! practice ( pa9t+ ,raphael 0 heir4 ,) a k ( ! backgr\nd out ( :i* he em]ges1 we are prep>$ n[ to und]/& & appreciate 8 individual a*ievem5t4 ,9 approa*+ ! /udy ( 8 "w we may ask1 ,:at is 9 g5]al 8 ideal1 8 dom9ant motive1 & 9 :at mann] & by :at means has he realiz$ 8 ideal8 ,h[ mu* 0 already prep>$ = him1 :at does he owe to ! age & ! conditions 9 :i* he work$1 & :at to ! common /ore has he add$ t is peculi>ly 8 own8 ,:]eas ,giotto1 ! %eph]d boy1 0 a pione]1 almo/ solit>y1 by %e] =ce ( m9d & by 8 s9c]ity & int5sity ( feel+ break+ new pa?s to expression1 = ,raphael1 on ! contr>y1 ! son ( a pa9t] & poet1 ! fell[-work] & well-belov$ fri5d ( _m ( ! mo/ p[]ful arti/ic p]sonalities ( 8 own or any age1 ! way 0 already prep>$ along :i* he mov$ 9 triumphant progress4 ,! life ( ,raphael z an arti/ ext5ds ?r\gh ?ree well-def9$ p]iods1 ! ,umbrian1 ! ,flor5t9e1 & ! ,roman1 ea* "o ( :i* contribut$ a di/9ctive influ5ce ^u 8 developm5t & witness$ a special & *>act]i/ic a*ievem5t4 ,to 8 fa!r1 :o di$ :5 ! boy 0 elev5 ye>s old1 ,raphael ow$ 8 poetic nature1 s*ol>ly ta/es1 & love ( beauty1 ?\gh he probably receiv$ f him no tra9+ z a pa9t]4 ,8 fir/ ma/] 0 ,timoteo ,viti ( ,urb9o1 a pupil ( ,francia2 f him he le>n$ draw+ & acquir$ a c]ta9 pr$ilection = r\nd & opul5t =ms :i* is 9 itself ! negation ( ! ascetic ideal4 ,at ! age ( sev5te5 he w5t f ,urb9o to ,p]ugia2 !re he ent]$ ! work%op ( ,p]ug9o z an assi/ant4 ,! ideal ( ! ,umbrian s*ool 0 t5d]ness & sweetness1 ! outw>d & visible rapture ( pieti/ic feel+2 some?+ ( ^! qualities ,raphael express$ 9 8 ,madonnas ?r\gh\t 8 c>e]4 ,"u ! tea*+ ( ,p]ug9o he laid hold on ! pr9ciples ( space composition :i* he 0 aft]w>ds to c>ry to supreme p]fection4 ,f ,p]ugia ! "y ,raphael made 8 way to ,flor5ce1 & "h he und]w5t _m influ5ces4 ,at t mom5t ,flor5ce 0 ! capital city ( ,italian culture4 ,x 0 "h t ! new humanism _h come to f9e/ fl[]4 ,s*ol>%ip 0 ! fa%ion2 art 0 ! *ief int]e/ ( ?is beauty-lov+ p4 ,x 0 ! ,flor5t9es :o _h c>ri$ ! sci5tific pr9ciples ( pa9t+ to _! highe/ po9t ( developm5t1 p>ticul>ly 9 _! application to ! r5d]+ ( ! human figure4 ,9 ,flor5ce 7 collect$ ! art treasures ( ! spl5did c5tury2 "h ,mi*elangelo & ,leon>do 7 at "w2 "h 7 ga!r$ companies ( less] m54 ,by ! /udy ( ,masaccio ,raphael 0 l$ out to a fre% contact ) nature4 ,fra ,b>tolomeo reveal$ to him fur!r possibilities ( composition & taught him "s ( ! secrets ( color4 ,9 ,flor5ce1 too1 he ackn[l$g$ ! spell ( ,mi*elangelo & ,leon>do4 ,b ?\gh he le>n$ f _m tea*]s1 ,raphael 0 nev] m]ely an imitator4 ,8 s*ol>%ip & 8 skill he turn$ to 8 own uses2 & :5 we h trac$ ! s\rces ( 8 motives & ! influ5ces 9 ! m\ld+ ( 8 mann]1 !re em]ges out ( ! fusion a creative new =ce1 :i* is 8 g5ius4 ,:at rema9s aft] our analysis is ! ess5tial ,raphael4 ,raphael's resid5ce 9 ,flor5ce is ! p]iod ( 8 ,madonnas4 ,f ,flor5ce ,raphael1 tw5ty-five ye>s old & n[ a ma/] 9 8 own "r1 0 summon$ to ,rome by ,pope ,julius ,,ii2 & "h he plac$ 8 tal5ts & 8 ma/]%ip at ! disposal ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he f\nd "t to pa9t ,madonnas & a s]ies ( p[]ful & lovely portraits2 b ^! ye>s 9 ,rome1 :i* br\ght 8 brief life to a close1 are preem95tly ! p]iod ( ! great frescoes1 :i* are 8 supreme a*ievem5t4 ,b ev5 9 ^! mature ye>s1 & ?\gh he 0 himself ! f\nd] ( a s*ool1 he did n cease to le>n4 ,mi*elangelo 0 already 9 ,rome1 & n[ ,raphael came m imm$iately "u 8 influ5ce1 al?\gh n to submit to x b to use x = 8 own ends4 ,9 ,rome 7 reveal$ to him ! culture ( an old] & rip] civilization & ! glories & p]fectness ( an eld] art4 ,raphael laid antiquity "u contribution to ! consummation ( 8 art & ! fulfillm5t & complete realization ( 8 g5ius4 ,?is analysis ( ! elem5ts & influ5ces ( ,raphael's c>e] z an arti/--inadequate z x necess>ily is--may help u to def9e 8 di/9ctive accompli%m5t4 ,a comp>ison ( 8 "w ) t ( 8 pr$ecessors & contempor>ies s]ves to dis5gage 8 ess5tial significance4 ,by nature he 0 g5]\s & t5d]2 ! b5t ( 8 m9d 0 s*ol>ly2 & he 0 impell$ by a passion = re/ra9$ & =mal beauty4 ,*iefly *>act]i/ic ( 8 m5tal make-up 0 8 p[] ( assimilation1 :i* all[$ him to respond to _m & div]se influ5ces & 9 ! end to dom9ate & use !m4 ,he ga!r$ up 9 himself ! a*ievem5ts ( two c5turies ( exp]im5t & progress1 & fus+ ! v>i\s elem5ts1 he creat$ by =ce ( 8 g5ius a new result & /amp$ x ) ! seal p]fection4 ,giotto1 to :om religion 0 a reality1 0 deeply 9 e>ne/ ab\t 8 message1 & he phras$ x z be/ he c\ld ) ! means at 8 comm&2 8 end 0 expression4 ,raphael1 "u ! patronage ( weal?y dilettanti & 9 ! s]vice ( a worldly & spl5dor-lov+ ,*ur*1 delight$ 9 8 k & 8 skill2 he wor%ip$ art1 & 8 end 0 beauty4 ,! g5ius ( ,giotto is a fir/ %oot1 vigor\s & alive1 break+ gr\nd h>dily1 & t5tatively pu%+ into fre] air4 ,! g5ius ( ,raphael is ! full-bl[n fl[] & f9al fruit1 complete1 mature4 ,! /ep beyond is decay4 ,by ref]5ce to ,giotto & to ,raphael ,i h tri$ to illu/rate ! practical application ( c]ta9 pr9ciples ( art /udy4 ,a "w ( art is n absolute2 bo? its cont5t & its =m are det]m9$ by ! conditions out ( :i* x proce$s4 ,all judgm5t1 !re=e1 mu/ be comp>ative1 & a "w ( art mu/ be consid]$ 9 its relation to its backgr\nd & its conv5tions4 ,art is an int]pretation ( "s aspect ( life z ! arti/ has felt x2 & ! arti/ is a *ild ( 8 "t4 ,x is n an accid5t t ,raphael portray$ ,madonnas1 s]5e & glorifi$1 & ,millet pictur$ rude peasants b5t ) toil4 ,raphael's pa9t+ is ! culm9ation ( two c5turies ( eag] /riv+ aft] ! adequate expression ( religi\s s5tim5t2 9 ,millet's "w ! realism ( 8 age is transfigur$4 ,z %[+ fur!r h[ national ideals & int]e/s may influ5ce individual production1 we may note t ! *>act]i/ic art ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance is pa9t+2 & ,italian sculpture ( ! p]iod is pictorial r ?an pla/ic 9 motive & h&l+4 ,ghib]ti's doors ( ! ,flor5ce ,bapti/]y1 9 ! gr\p+ ( figures & ! ?ree & f\r planes 9 p]spective ( ! backgr\nds1 are ess5tially pictures 9 bronze4 ,conv]sely1 9 ! ,nor? ! *>act]i/ic art ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies is c>v+ & sculpture2 & ! e>ly pa9t]s repres5t$ 9 _! pictures :at !y 7 famili> ) 9 wood & /one2 s t n only are ! figures dry & h>d1 b 9 ! gr\ps !y are pack$ "o beh9d ano!r1 heads above heads1 )\t really occupy+ space1 9 imitation ( ! me?od adopt$ 9 ! c>v$ relief4 ,"s k ( ! orig9 & developm5t ( a giv5 =m ( te*nique1 a k to be rea*$ ?r\gh hi/orical /udy1 enables u to measure ! degree ( expressiv5ess ( a giv5 "w4 ,! ideas ( a *ild may be v well wor? li/5+ to1 ?\gh 8 range ( words is limit$ & 8 s5t5ces are crude & halt+1 ,a gr[n man1 hav+ acquir$ ! trick ( language1 may talk flu5tly & say no?+4 ,9 our endeavor to und]/& a "w ( art1 a poem by ,*auc] or by ,t5nyson1 a picture by ,greco or by ,manet1 a prelude by ,ba* or a symphony by ,brahms1 we may ask1 ,( t :i* ! arti/ want$ to say1 h[ mu* c\ld he say ) ! means at 8 disposal8 ,) a s5se ( ! arti/'s l>g] motive1 :e!r religi\s s5tim5t1 or a love ( %e] beauty ( color & =m1 or insight into human "*1 we are aid$ by a /udy ( ! hi/ory ( te*nique to det]m9e h[ f> ! arti/ ) ! language at 8 comm& 0 able to realize 8 int5tion4 ,b n only is art inspir$ & direct$ by ! "t-_s ( its age4 ,a s+le "w is ! expression = ! arti/ :o creates x ( 8 ideal4 ,an arti/'s ideal1 :at he sets himself to accompli%1 is ! projection ( 8 p]sonality1 & t is det]m9$ by _m influ5ces4 ,he is fir/ ( all a *ild ( 8 race & "t2 inh]itance & tra9+ %ape him to ^! l>g] conditions4 ,!n 8 ideal is modifi$ by 8 special individuality4 ,a /udy ( ! arti/'s "* z reveal$ 9 8 biography leads to a full] und]/&+ ( ! int5tion & scope ( 8 "w4 ,! ev5ts ( 8 life become significant z !y are se5 to be ! causes or ! results ( 8 total p]sonality1 t :i* he 0 9 m9d & temp]am5t4 ,:at 7 ! circum/ances t m\ld$ 8 "* & decid$ 8 c\rse8 ,:at ev5ts did he %ape to 8 own purpose by ! active =ce ( 8 g5ius8 ,:at 0 ! special angle ( vision f :i* he look$ ^u ! _w8 ,! answ]s to ^! que/ions are ! clue to ! full drift ( 8 "w4 ,z /yle is ! expression ( ! man1 s conv]sely a k ( ! man is an entrance into ! wid] & subtl] implications ( 8 /yle4 ,we explore ! p]sonality ( ! man 9 ord] m amply to int]pret 8 art1 & we turn to 8 art z ! revelation ( 8 p]sonality4 ,9 /udy+ an arti/ we mu/ look = 8 t5d5cy & seek ! unify+ pr9ciple :i* b9ds 8 sep>ate works into a :ole4 ,an arti/ has 8 successive p]iods or mann]s4 ,!re is ! p]iod ( appr5tice%ip1 :5 ! "y man is influ5c$ by 8 pr$ecessors & 8 ma/]s4 ,!n he comes into 8 own1 & he regi/]s nature & life z he sees x fre%ly = himself4 ,f9ally1 z he has ma/]$ 8 art & won "s ( ! secrets ( nature1 & z 8 own "* develops1 he t5ds m & m to impose 8 subjective vision ^u ! _w1 & he subord9ates nature to ! expression ( 8 di/9ctive individuality4 ,a s+le "w1 !re=e1 is to be consid]$ 9 relation to its place 9 ! arti/'s developm5t2 x is b a "p1 & x is to be int]pret$ by ref]5ce to ! :ole4 ,9 ! /udy ( biography1 h[ev]1 ! man mu/ n be mi/ak5 = ! arti/2 8 acts are n to be conf\nd$ ) 8 message4 ,a man is ! _s he work$ 92 n :at he did1 b :at he became4 ,we mu/ summon =? ! _s ( ! man f )9 ! wrappages ( mat]ial & accid5t4 ,9 our preoccupation ) ! ext]nal details ( a man's famili> & daily life x is easy to lose sight ( 8 spiritual exp]i5ce1 :i* only is ( significance4 ,:i/l]1 va91 aggressive1 qu>relsome1 & yet s exquisite & s subtle 9 extreme ref9em5t1 is a notable example ( a great _s & a little man4 ,wagn] wrote to ,liszt3 ,z ,i h nev] felt ! real bliss ( love1 ,i mu/ erect a monum5t to ! mo/ beautiful ( my dreams1 9 :i* f beg9n+ to end t love %all be ?or\ghly satiat$4 ,n ! ,wagn] ( fact1 b ! ,wagn] ( dreams4 ,life liv$ 9 ! _s & imag9ation may be diff]5t f ! life ( daily act4 ,s we %\ld transc5d ! mat]ial1 try+ ?r\gh t to p5etrate to ! spiritual4 ,x is n a visit to ! arti/'s bir?place t signifies1 x is n to d rev]5ce be=e 8 lik5ess or *]i% a bit ( 8 h&writ+4 ,all ?is may h a value to ! disciple z a matt] ( loyalty & f9e piety4 ,b 9 ! end we mu/ g beyond ^! ext]nals t we may ent] intellig5tly & sympa!tically into ! temp] ( 8 m9d & mood & !re f9d disclos$ :at he ?\ght & felt & 0 able only 9 "p to express4 ,x is n ! man 8 neighbors knew t is important4 ,8 "w is ! ess5tial ?+1 :at t "w has to tell u ab\t life 9 t]ms ( emotional exp]i5ce4 ,/udies 9 ! hi/ory ( art & 9 biography are av5ues ( approa* to ! und]/&+ ( a "w ( art2 !y d n 9 !mselves con/itute appreciation4 ,hi/orical importance mu/ n be mi/ak5 = arti/ic significance4 ,9 read+ ab\t pictures we may =get to look at !m4 ,! hi/orical /udy ( art 9 its v>i\s divisions r$uces itself to an ex]cise 9 analysis1 resolv+ a giv5 "w into its elem5ts4 ,b art is a syn!sis4 ,9 ord] to appreciate a "w ! elem5ts mu/ be ga!r$ toge!r & fus$ into a :ole4 ,a /atue or a picture is meant n to be read ab\t1 b to be look$ at2 & its f9al message mu/ be receiv$ ?r\gh vision4 ,our k w s]ve u little if we are n s5sitive to ! appeal ( color & =m4 ,!re is dang] t preoccupation ) ! hi/ory ( art may betray u if we are n c>eful to keep x 9 its place4 ,! /udy ( art %\ld foll[ & n lead appreciation4 ,we are apt to see :at we are look+ =4 ,s we ought to come to ea* "w fre%ly )\t prejudice or bias2 x is only aft]w>ds t we %\ld br+ to be> on x our k ab\t ! facts ( its production4 ,connoisseur%ip is a sci5ce & may hold )9 itself no elem5t ( ae/hetic enjoym5t4 ,appreciation is an art1 & ! quality ( x dep5ds ^u ! appreciator himself4 ,! end ( hi/orical /udy is n a k ( facts = _! own sake1 b ?r\gh ^? facts a deep] p5etration & full] true enjoym5t4 ,by ! aid ( su* k we are enabl$ to recognize 9 any "w m c]ta9ly & abundantly ! expression ( an emotional exp]i5ce :i* relates itself to our own life4 ,! f9al mean+ ( art to ! appreciator lies 9 j ?is s5se ( its relation to 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,! greate/ works are ^? :i* express reality & life1 n limit$ & tempor>y conditions1 b life univ]sal & = all "t4 ,)\t comm5t>y ^! c>ry _! message1 appeal+ to ! wise/ & ! humble/4 ,ga!r into a s+le room a fragm5t ( ! ,p>!non frieze1 ,mi*elangelo's ,day & ,night1 ,botticelli's ,spr+1 ! sprites & *ildr5 ( ,donatello & ,delia ,robbia1 ,velasquez's ,pope ,innoc5t1 ,rembr&t's ,clo?-weav]s1 ,frans ,hals' ,musician1 ,millet's ,s[]1 ,:i/l]'s ,c>lyle4 ,!re is "h no ?\ght ( p]iod or ( s*ool4 ,^! liv+1 pres5t1 et]nal v]ities are all "o company4 ,,vi ,,! ,,s]vice ,,( ,,criticism ,,! greate/ art is univ]sal4 ,x transc5ds ! m]ely local conditions 9 :i* x is produc$4 ,x sweeps beyond ! individual p]sonality ( its creator1 & l9ks itself ) ! common exp]i5ce ( all m54 ,! ,p>!non1 s f> z x c be recon/ruct$ 9 imag9ation1 appeals to a man ( any race or any p]iod1 :atev] 8 habit ( m9d or degree ( culture1 z a p]fect utt]ance4 ,! n>r[ vault ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel op5s into imm5sity1 & e "o :o looks ^u x is lift$ out ( himself into new worlds4 ,%akespe>e's plays 7 enjoy$ by ! appr5tices 9 ! pit & royalty 9 ! boxes1 & s all ! way betwe54 ,! man ,%akespe>e1 ( su* & su* bir? & tra9+1 & ( ?is or t exp]i5ce 9 life1 is entirely m]g$ 9 8 creations2 he becomes ! imp]sonal *annel ( expression ( ! pr(\nde/1 wide/ int]pretation ( life ! _w has kn[n4 ,su* art z ?is comes close/ to ! e>? & ext5ds f>!/ into inf9ity1 beyond ! rea*es ( our s\ls4 ,b !re is ano!r ord] ( art1 m imm$iately ! product ( local conditions1 ! p]sonal expression ( a di/9ctive individuality1 phras$ 9 a language ( less scope & curr5cy1 & limit$ z to its cont5t 9 ! range ( its appeal4 ,^! less] works h _! place2 !y c m9i/] to u 9 "s mom5t ( ne$ & at "s po9t 9 our developm5t4 ,because ( _! limitations1 h[ev]1 _! effectiv5ess c be fur!r$ by int]pretation4 ,a man m s5sitive ?an we to ! special k9d ( beauty :i* !y embody & bett] v]s$ 9 _! language1 c discov] to u a significance & a *>m 9 !m to :i* we h n p5etrat$4 ,to help u to ! fulle/ enjoym5t ( ! great ?+s & to a m enlight5$ & ju/] appreciation ( ! less] works is ! s]vice ( criticism4 ,we d n :olly possess an exp]i5ce until1 hav+ m]g$ ourselves 9 x1 we !n react ^u x & become consci\s ( its significance4 ,a novel1 a play1 a picture int]e/s u1 & we surr5d] to ! enjoym5t ( ! mom5t4 ,aft]w>ds we ?9k ab\t our pleasure1 def9+ ! nature ( ! exp]i5ce & analyz+ ! means by :i* x 0 produc$1 ! subject ( ! "w & ! arti/'s me?od ( treat+ x4 ,x may be t we tell our pleasure to a fri5d1 glad also p]haps to he> 8 op9ion ( ! matt]4 ,! impulse is natural2 ! practice is helpful4 ,& h]e9 lies ! orig9 ( criticism4 ,9 s f> z an appreciator does n re/ 9 8 imm$iate enjoym5t ( a "w ( art1 b seeks to acc\nt = 8 pleasure1 to trace ! s\rces ( x1 to e/abli% ! reasons = x1 & to def9e its quality1 s f> he becomes a critic4 ,z e man :o p]ceives beauty 9 nature & takes x up into 8 own life is pot5tially an arti/1 s e man is a critic 9 ! measure t he reasons ab\t 8 enjoym5t4 ,! critical processes1 !re=e1 are an ess5tial "p ( our total exp]i5ce ( art1 & criticism may be an aid to appreciation4 ,! function ( criticism has be5 v>i\sly und]/ood ?r\gh ! c5turies ( its practice4 ,e>ly mod]n criticism1 h>k+ back to ! me?od ( ,ari/otle1 conc]n$ itself ) ! =m ( a "w ( art4 ,f ! usage ( classic writ]s x d$uc$ c]ta9 rules ( composition2 ^! =mulas 7 appli$ to ! "w "u exam9ation1 & t 0 adjudg$ good or bad 9 ! degree t x con=m$ or fail$ to con=m to ! e/abli%$ rules4 ,x 0 a criticism ( law-giv+ & ( judgm5t4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury criticism ext5d$ its scope by ! admission ( a new consid]ation1 pass+ beyond ! m]e =m ( ! "w & reckon+ ) its p[] to give pleasure4 ,addison1 9 8 critique ( ,p>adise ,lo/1 /ill applies ! =mal te/s ( ! ,ari/otelian canons1 b he discov]s fur!r t a "w ( art exi/s n only = ! sake ( its =m1 b also = ! expression ( beautiful ideas4 ,?is p[] ( affect+ ! imag9ation he decl>es is ! v life & highe/ p]fection ( poetry4 ,?is is a long /ep 9 ! "r direction4 ,) ! n9ete5? c5tury1 criticism conceives its aims & proc$ure 9 new & l>g] ways4 ,a "w ( art is n[ se5 to be an evolution2 & criticism adapts to its own uses ! pr9ciples ( hi/orical /udy & ! me?ods ( sci5tific inve/igation4 ,recogniz+ t art is organic1 t an art-=m1 z religi\s pa9t+ or ,go?ic ar*itecture or ! novel1 is born1 develops1 comes to maturity1 lapses1 & dies1 t an individual "w is ! product ( race1 environm5t1 & ! mom5t1 t x is ! expression also ( ! p]sonality ( ! arti/ himself1 criticism no long] reg>ds ! s+le "w z an isolat$ ph5om5on1 b tries to see x 9 its relation to its total backgr\nd4 ,pres5t-day criticism avails itself ( ?is l>g] outlook ^u art4 ,b ! ends to be rea*$ are und]/ood diff]5tly by diff]5t critics4 ,) ,m4 ,brunetire1 to cite n[ a few repres5tative names1 criticism is au?oritative & dogmatic3 he looks at ! "w objectively1 refus+ to be ! dupe ( 8 pleasure1 if he has any2 & approa*+ ! "w 9 ! _s ( dispassionate imp]sonal inquiry z an object ( hi/orical importance & sci5tific int]e/1 he decrees t x is good or bad4 ,mat!w ,arnold consid]s lit]ature a criticism ( life1 & he values a "w ) ref]5ce to ! moral significance ( its ideas4 ,rusk9's criticism is didactic2 he wi%es to educate 8 public1 & by =ce ( 8 torr5tial eloqu5ce he succe$s 9 p]suad+ 8 disciples into acceptance ( 8 tea*+1 ?\gh he may n always conv9ce4 ,impressioni/ic criticism1 z ) ,m4 ,anatole ,france or ,m4 ,jules ,lematre1 does n ev5 try to see ! "w z 9 itself x really is1 b is an acc\nt ( ! critic's own subjective reaction on x1 a n>rative ( :at he ?\ght & felt 9 ?is *ance corn] ( exp]i5ce4 ,) ,walt] ,pat] criticism becomes appreciation4 ,a giv5 "w ( art produces a di/9ctive impression & communicates a special & unique pleasure2 ?is active p[] con/itutes its beauty4 ,s ! function ( ! critic z ,pat] conceives x is to di/+ui%1 analyze1 & sep>ate f its adjuncts1 ! virtue by :i* a picture1 a l&scape1 a fair p]sonality 9 life or 9 a book1 produces ?is special impression ( beauty or pleasure1 to indicate :at ! s\rce ( t impression is1 & "u :at conditions x is exp]i5c$4 ,! int]pretative critic--repres5t$ 9 ! practice ( ,pat]--/&s betwe5 a "w ( art & ! appreciator z m$iator & reveal]4 ,ea* k9d ( criticism p]=ms a c]ta9 (fice1 & is ( use )9 its own *os5 sph]e4 ,to ! layman1 = 8 purposes ( appreciation1 t ord] ( criticism w be mo/ helpful :i* responds mo/ closely & amply to 8 peculi> ne$s4 ,a "w ( art may be reg>d$ "u sev]al aspects1 its quality ( te*nical execution1 its p[] ( s5su\s appeal1 its hi/orical importance2 & to ea* "o ( ^! aspects "s k9d ( criticism applies4 ,! layman's reception ( art includes all ^! consid]ations1 b subord9ates !m to ! total exp]i5ce4 ,8 conc]n1 !re=e1 is to def9e ! s]vice ( criticism to appreciation4 ,! analysis ( a "w ( art resolves x into ^! elem5ts4 ,!re is fir/ ( all ! emotion :i* gives bir? to ! "w & :i* ! "w is design$ to express4 ,! emotion1 to become def9ite1 ga!rs ab\t an idea1 conceiv$ 9 ! t]ms ( its own m$ium1 z =m1 or color & mass1 or musical relations2 & ?is arti/ic idea pres5ts itself z ! subject or motive ( ! "w4 ,! emotion & arti/ic idea1 9 ord] t !y may be express$ & become communicable1 embody !mselves 9 mat]ial1 z ! m>ble ( a /atue1 ! pigm5t ( a picture1 ! audible tones ( a musical composition4 ,?is mat]ial =m has ! p[] to satisfy ! m9d & delight ! s5ses4 ,?r\gh ! *annel ( ! s5ses & ! m9d ! "w rea*es ! feel+s2 & ! ae/hetic exp]i5ce is complete4 ,z art spr+s out ( emotion1 s x is to be receiv$ z emotion2 & a "w to be appreciat$ 9 its true _s mu/ be enjoy$4 ,b to be completely enjoy$ x mu/ be und]/ood4 ,we mu/ "k :at ! arti/ 0 try+ to express1 & we mu/ be able to read 8 language2 !n we are prep>$ to take delight 9 ! =m & to respond to ! emotion4 ,to help u to und]/& a "w ( art 9 all ! compon5ts t ent]$ into ! mak+ ( x is ! function ( hi/orical /udy4 ,su* /udy enables u to see ! "w f ! arti/'s own po9t ( view4 ,a k ( its backgr\nd1 ! conditions 9 :i* ! arti/ wr\ght & 8 own attitude t[>d life1 is ! clue to 8 ideal2 & by an und]/&+ ( ! language x 0 possible = him to employ1 we c measure ! degree ( expressiv5ess he 0 able to a*ieve4 ,?is /udy ( ! arti/'s purpose & ( 8 me?ods is an ex]cise 9 explanation4 ,! int]pretation ( art1 = :i* we look to criticism1 deals ) ! picture1 ! /atue1 ! book1 specifically 9 its relation to ! appreciator4 ,:at is ! special nature ( ! exp]i5ce :i* ! "w communicates to u 9 t]ms ( feel+8 ,9 s f> z ! m$ium itself is a s\rce ( pleasure1 by :at qualities ( =m has ! "w realiz$ ! conditions ( beauty prop] to x1 delight+ ?us ! s5ses & satisfy+ ! m9d8 ,^! are ! que/ions :i* ! critic1 int]pret+ ! "w ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 own temp]am5t1 seeks to answ]4 ,!oretically1 ! be/ critic ( art w\ld be ! arti/ himself4 ,he above all o!r m5 %\ld und]/& ! subtle play ( emotion & ?\ght 9 :i* a "w ( art is conceiv$2 & ! arti/ r ?an ano!r %\ld trace ! intricacies & "k ! cunn+ ( ! magician processes by :i* ! immat]ial idea builds itself into visible actuality4 ,9 practice1 h[ev]1 ! !ory is n borne out by ! fact4 ,! arti/ z su* is v little consci\s ( ! work+s ( 8 _s4 ,he is creative r ?an reflective1 syn!tic & n analytic4 ,f 8 contact ) nature & f 8 exp]i5ce ( life1 out ( :i* rises 8 g5]ative emotion1 he moves directly to ! fa%ion+ ( expressive =ms1 )\t paus+ on ! way to scan too closely ! mean+ ( 8 "w4 ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw rem>ks t ,ibs51 giv+ ! re9 to ! creative impulse ( 8 poetic nature1 produc$ 9 ,br& & ,pe] ,gynt a great puzzle = 8 intellect4 ,wagn]1 he says1 has expressly describ$ h[ ! intellectual activity :i* he br\ght to ! analysis ( 8 music dramas 0 9 abeyance dur+ _! creation4 ,j s d we f9d ,ibs51 aft] compos+ 8 two great dramatic poems1 ent]+ on a /ruggle to become intellectually consci\s ( :at he _h done4 ,moreov]1 ! arti/ is 9 ! v nature ( ?+s committ$ to "o way ( see+4 ,8 view ( life is limit$ by ! tr5d ( 8 own dom9ant & creative p]sonality2 :at he ga9s 9 int5sity & p5etration ( insight he loses 9 bread?4 ,he is less quick to see beauty 9 ano!r guise ?an t :i* 8 own imag9ation weaves = him2 he is less receptive ( o!r ways ( envisag+ ! _w4 ,! ideal critic1 on ! contr>y1 is above ev]y?+ else ca?olic & tol]ant4 ,x is 8 task to discov] beauty 9 :atev] =m & to affirm x4 ,by nature he is m s5sitive ?an ! ord9>y man1 by tra9+ he has direct$ ! ex]cise ( 8 p[]s t[>d _! fulle/ scope1 & by exp]i5ce ( art 9 its div]se manife/ations he has c]tifi$ 8 judgm5t & deep5$ 8 capacity to enjoy4 ,! qualifications ( an au!ntic critic are bo? temp]am5t & s*ol>%ip4 ,m]e temp]am5t uncorrect$ by k may vibrate exquisitely :5 swept by ! t\* ( a ?+ ( beauty1 b its music may be 9 a q diff]5t key f ! orig9al motive4 ,criticism mu/ relate itself to ! objective fact2 x %\ld int]pret & n transpose4 ,m]e s*ol>%ip )\t temp]am5t misses art at its c5tre1 t art is ! expression & communication ( emotional exp]i5ce2 & ! s*ol> 9 criticism may w&] 8 lead5 way d[n ! by-pa?s ( a /]ile le>n+4 ,to m$iate betwe5 ! arti/ & ! appreciator1 ! critic mu/ und]/& ! arti/ & he mu/ feel ) ! appreciator4 ,he is at once ! arti/ translat$ into simpl] t]ms & ! appreciator rais$ to a high] p[] ( p]ception & response4 ,! s]vice ( criticism to ! layman is to furni% him a clue to ! mean+ ( ! "w 9 h&1 & by ! critic's own response to its beauty to reveal its pot5cy & *>m4 ,) te*nique z su* ! critic is n conc]n$4 ,te*nique is ! bus9ess ( ! arti/2 only ^? :o !mselves practice an art are qualifi$ to judge 9 matt]s ( practice4 ,! =m is significant to ! appreciator only s f> z reg>ds its expressiv5ess & beauty4 ,x is n ! function ( ! critic to tell ! arti/ :at 8 "w %\ld be2 x is ! critic's mission to reveal to ! appreciator :at ! "w is4 ,t revelation w be accompli%$ 9 t]ms ( ! critic's own exp]i5ce ( ! beauty ( ! "w1 an exp]i5ce imag$ =? 9 su* phrases t ! pleasure ! "w communicates is convey$ to 8 read]s 9 its true quality & foil int5sity4 ,x is n en\gh to dogmatize z ,rusk9 dogmatizes1 to bully ! read] into a t]rifi$ acceptance4 ,x is n en\gh to det]m9e absolute values z ,mat!w ,arnold seeks to d1 to fix c]ta9 canons ( intellectual judgm5t1 & by ! application ( a =mula z a t\*/one1 to decide t ?is "w is excell5t & t ano!r is less good4 ,really s]viceable criticism is t :i* notes ! special & di/+ui%+ quality ( beauty 9 any "w & helps ! read] to live out t beauty 9 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,^! g5]alizations may be made m imm$iate & practical by examples4 ,9 illu/ration ( ! didactic mann] 9 criticism ,i may cite a typical p>agraph ( ,rusk91 *os5 f 8 ,morn+s 9 ,flor5ce4 ,fir/1 look at ! two sepul*ral slabs by :i* y are /&+4 ,t f>!r ( ! two f ! we/ end is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful pieces ( f\rte5?-c5tury sculpture 9 ?is _w4 4 4 4 ,& n[1 "h is a simple b mo/ useful te/ ( y\r capacity = und]/&+ ,flor5t9e sculpture or pa9t+4 ,if y c see t ! l9es ( t cap are bo? "r1 & lovely2 t ! *oice ( ! folds is exquisite 9 its ornam5tal relations ( l9e2 & t ! s(tness & ease ( !m is complete1--?\gh only sket*$ ) a few d>k t\*es1--!n y c und]/& ,giotto's draw+1 & ,botticelli's2--,donatello's c>v+1 & ,luca's4 ,b if y see no?+ 9 ?is sculpture1 y w see no?+ 9 !irs1 ( !irs4 ,:]e !y *oose to imitate fle%1 or silk1 or to play any vulg> mod]n trick ) m>ble--7& !y (t5 d7--:atev]1 9 a ^w1 is ,fr5*1 or ,am]ican1 or ,cockney1 9 _! "w1 y c see2 b :at is ,flor5t9e1 & = ev] great--unless y c see also ! beauty ( ?is old man 9 8 citiz5's cap1--y w see nev]4 ,! e>ne/ & docile ?\gh bewild]$ layman is intimidat$ into ?9k+ t he sees x1 :e!r he really does or n4 ,b x is a "q if ! contemplation ( ! beauty ( ?is old man 9 8 citiz5's cap1 h[ev] eag] & s]i\s ! contemplation may be1 adds mu* to 8 exp]i5ce2 x may be d\bt$ :e!r z a result ( 8 ef=t t[>d ! und]/&+ ( ! rightness & lovel9ess ( ! l9es ( ! cap & ! exquisit5ess ( ! *oice ( folds1 :i* ! critic has po9t$ out to him ) ?reat5+ f+]1 he feels t life is a full] & f9] ?+ to live4 ,an example ( ! intellectual e/imate1 ! valuation by =mulas1 & ! assignm5t ( ab/ract rank1 is ?is p>agraph f ,mat!w ,arnold's essay on ,wordswor?4 ,:]ev] we meet ) ! successful balance1 9 ,wordswor?1 ( pr(\nd tru? ( subject ) pr(\nd tru? ( execution1 he is unique4 ,8 be/ poems are ^? :i* mo/ p]fectly exhibit ?is balance4 ,i h a w>m admiration = ,laodameia & = ! great ,ode2 b if ,i am to tell ! v tru?1 ,i f9d ,laodameia n :olly free f some?+ artificial1 & ! great ,ode n :olly free f some?+ declamatory4 ,if ,i _h to pick out poems ( a k9d mo/ p]fectly to %[ ,wordswor?'s unique p[]1 ,i %\ld r *oose poems su* z ,mi*ael1 ,! ,f\nta91 ,! ,highl& ,reap]4 ,& poems ) ! peculi> & unique beauty :i* di/+ui%es ^!1 ,wordswor? produc$ 9 consid]able numb]2 besides v _m o!r poems ( :i* ! wor?1 al?\gh n s r>e z ! wor? ( ^!1 is /ill exce$+ly high4 ,?us does ! judicial critic mete out 8 e/imate by scale & measur+-rod4 ,we are told dogmatically :at is good & :at is less good2 b ( di/9ctive quality & en]giz+ life-giv+ virtues1 n a ^w4 ,! critic does n succe$ 9 communicat+ to u any?+ ( ,wordswor?'s special *>m & p[]4 ,we are in=m$1 b we are left cold & unrespond+4 ,! didactic critic imposes 8 /&>d ^u ! layman4 ,! judicial critic measures & aw>ds4 ,! appreciative critic does n attempt to tea* or to judge2 he makes possible to 8 read] an appreciation ( ! "w ( art simply by recreat+ 9 8 own t]ms ! complex ( 8 emotions 9 its pres5ce4 ,in/ead ( decl>+ ! "w to be beautiful or excell5t1 he makes x beautiful 9 ! v tell+ ( :at x means to him4 ,z ! arti/ int]prets life1 disclos+ its dep?s & h>monies1 s ! appreciative critic 9 8 turn int]prets art1 recon/itut+ ! beauty ( x 9 8 own t]ms4 ,?r\gh 8 int]pretation1 ! layman is enabl$ to ent] m fully into ! true _s ( ! "w & to %>e its beauty 9 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,9 contra/ to ! passage f ,arnold is ?is p>agraph f an essay on ,wordswor? by ,walt] ,pat]4 ,& s he has mu* = ^? :o value highly ! conc5trat$ pres5tm5t ( passion1 :o appraise m5 & wom5 by _! susceptibility to x1 & art & poetry z !y af=d ! spectacle ( x4 ,break+ f "t to "t into ! p5sive spectacle ( _! daily toil1 _! occupations ne> to nature1 come ^? great elem5t>y feel+s1 lift+ & solemniz+ _! language & giv+ x a natural music4 ,! great1 di/+ui%+ passion came to ,mi*ael by ! %eepfold1 to ,ru? by ! wayside1 add+ ^! humble *ildr5 ( ! furr[ to ! true ari/ocracy ( passionate s\ls4 ,9 ?is respect1 ,wordswor?'s "w resembles mo/ t ( ,george ,s&1 9 ^? ( h] novels :i* depict c\ntry life4 ,) a p5etrative pa?os1 :i* puts him 9 ! same rank ) ! ma/]s ( ! s5tim5t ( pity 9 lit]ature1 ) ,me9hold & ,victor ,hugo1 he collects all ! traces ( vivid excitem5t :i* 7 to be f\nd 9 t pa/oral _w--! girl :o rung h] fa!r's knell2 ! unborn infant feel+ ab\t its "m's he>t2 ! in/9ctive t\*es ( *ildr52 ! sorr[s ( ! wild creatures1 ev5--_! home-sickness1 _! /range ye>n+s2 ! tales ( passionate regret t hang by a ru9$ f>m-build+1 a heap ( /ones1 a des]t$ %eepfold2 t gay1 false1 adv5tur\s1 out] _w1 :i* breaks 9 f "t to "t to bewild] & defl[] ^! quiet homes2 n passionate sorr[ only1 = ! ov]?r[ ( ! s\l's beauty1 b ! loss (1 or c>elessness = p]sonal beauty ev51 9 ^? :om m5 h wrong$--_! pa!tic wanness2 ! sailor :o1 9 8 he>t1 0 half a %eph]d on ! /ormy seas2 ! wild woman tea*+ h] *ild to pray = h] betray]2 incid5ts l ! mak+ ( ! %eph]d's /aff1 or t ( ! "y boy lay+ ! fir/ /one ( ! %eepfold2--all ! pa!tic episodes ( _! humble exi/5ce1 _! long+1 _! wond] at =tune1 _! poor pa!tic pleasures1 l ! pleasures ( *ildr51 won s h>dly 9 ! /ruggle = b>e exi/5ce2 _! ye>n+ t[>ds ea* o!r1 9 _! d>k5$ h\ses1 or at _! e>ly toil4 ,a sort ( biblical dep? & solemnity hangs ov] ?is /range1 new1 passionate1 pa/oral _w1 ( :i* he fir/ rais$ ! image1 & ! reflection ( :i* "s ( our be/ mod]n fiction has caught f him4 ,"h is ! clue to ,wordswor?'s mean+2 & ! special quality & p[] ( 8 "w1 ga!r+ amplitude & int5sity z x plays across ! critic's temp]am5t1 is recon/itut$ 9 o!r & illum9at+ images :i* communicate ! emotion to u4 ,! critic has felt m intimately ?an we ! appeal ( ?is poetry1 & he k9dles 9 u some?+ ( 8 own en?usiasm4 ,s we return to ,wordswor? = ourselves1 m al]t to div9e 8 message1 m susceptible to 8 spell1 t he may "w 9 u ! magic ( evocation4 ,criticism is ( value to u z appreciators 9 s f> z x s]ves to recreate 9 u ! exp]i5ce :i* ! "w 0 design$ to convey4 ,b criticism is n a %ort cut to enjoym5t4 ,we _c take our pleasure at second h&4 ,we mu/ fir/ come to ! "w fre%ly & realize our own impression ( x2 !n aft]w>ds we may turn to ! critic = a fur!r revelation4 ,criticism %\ld n %ape our op9ion1 b %\ld /imulate appreciation1 c>ry+ u f>!r ?an we c\ld g ourselves1 b always 9 ! same direction ) our orig9al impression4 ,!re is a k9d ( lit]>y ex]cise1 call+ itself criticism1 :i* takes a picture or a book z its po9t ( dep>ture & proce$s to create a "w ( art 9 its own "r1 atta*+ itself only 9 "n to ! "w :i* x purports to criticise4 ,:o c>es1 exclaims a clev] mak] ( epigrams1 :e!r ,mr4 ,rusk9's views on ,turn] are s\nd or n8 ,:at does x matt]8 ,t mighty & maje/ic prose ( 81 s f]vid & s fi]y-col\r$ 9 its noble eloqu5ce1 s ri* 9 its elaborate symphonic music1 s sure & c]ta91 at its be/1 9 subtle *oice ( ^w & epi!t1 is at lea/ z great a "w ( art z any ( ^? wond]ful sunsets t blea* or rot on _! corrupt$ canvases 9 ,engl&'s ,gall]y4 ,a v good appreciation ( ,rusk91 ?is4 ,b ! answ] is t su* writ+ z is "h attribut$ to ,rusk9 is magnific5t3 x may be art2 b x is n true criticism4 ,a "w ( art is n impressive m]ely1 b expressive too4 ,criticism 9 its relation to ! "w itself has an objective base1 & x mu/ be /eadi$ & au!nticat$ by con/ant ref]5ce to ! orig9al feet4 ,criticism is n ! s\rce ( our enjoym5t b a m$ium ( int]pretation4 ,be=e we turn to criticism1 !re=e1 we mu/ fir/1 z ,pat] sugge/s1 "k our own impression z x really is1 discrim9ate x1 & realize x di/9ctly4 ,only s %all we escape becom+ ! dupe ( "s m aggressive p]sonality4 ,9 our m5tal life sugge/ion plays an important & p]haps unrecogniz$ "p4 ,9 a c]ta9 frame ( m9d we c be p]suad$ into believ+ any?+ & into lik+ any?+4 ,:51 "u ! influ5ce ( au?ority or fa%ion1 we ?9k we c>e = t :i* has no vital & consci\sly realiz$ relation to our own exp]i5ce1 we are ! victims ( a k9d ( hypnotism1 & !re is little hope ( our ultimate adju/m5t ov] aga9/ art4 ,x is f> bett] hone/ly to l an inf]ior "w & "k :y we l x ?an to pret5d to l a good "o4 ,9 ! latt] case no real progress or developm5t is possible1 = we h no /&>ds t c be reg>d$ z f9al2 we are sway$ by ! au?ority or influ5ce :i* happ5s at t mom5t to be mo/ p[]ful4 ,9 ! =m] case we are at lea/ />t$ 9 ! "r direction4 ,ye> by ye>1 accord+ to ! law ( natural gr[?1 we come to ! end ( ! inf]ior "w :i* up to t "t has be5 able to m9i/] to u1 & we pass on to new & great] works t satisfy ! dem&s ( our deep5+ exp]i5ce4 ,x is sometimes ask$ if we ought n to try to l ! be/ ?+s 9 art4 ,i %\ld answ]1 ! v greate/ ?+s we d n h to try to l2 ! acc5t ( greatness is unmi/akable1 & greatness has a message = e "o4 ,z reg>ds ! less] works1 we ought to be will+ to gr[ up4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ,i enjoy$ ,rob9son ,crusoe 9 words ( "o syllable4 ,if ,i _h tri$ !n to l ,mr4 ,george ,m]$i?1 ,i %\ld n really h enjoy$ him1 & ,i %\ld h miss$ ! fun ( ,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,ev]y?+ 9 its "t & place4 ,! less] works h _! use3 !y may be a />t+-po9t = our entrance into life2 & !y furni% a basis ( comp>ison by :i* we are enabl$ to realize ! greatness ( ! truly great4 ,we mu/ value ev]y?+ 9 its own k9d1 affirm+ :at x is1 & n regrett+ :at x is n4 ,b ! pr]equisite ( all appreciation1 )\t :i* our contact ) art is a pa/ime or a pret5se1 is t we be hone/ ) ourselves4 ,9 play+ solitaire at lea/ we ought n to *eat4 ,s ! layman mu/ face ! situation squ>ely & accept ! responsibility ( decid+ f9ally = himself4 ,on ! way we may look to criticism to guide u to ^? works :i* are meant = u4 ,9 art z 9 ! complex details ( liv+1 !re is ne$ ( selection2 & criticism helps t[>d t4 ,9 lit]ature alone1 to "n b a s+le art1 !re is s mu* to be left unread :i* ! l5g? ( our life w\ld n o!rwise p]mit u to escape1 t we are grateful to ! critic :o aids u to omit gracefully & ) success4 ,b ! mo/ s]viceable criticism is positive & n de/ructive4 ,! less] works may h a message = u1 & x is t message 9 its di/9ctive quality :i* ! critic %\ld affirm4 ,9 ! end1 h[ev]1 ! use we make ( criticism %\ld n r$uce itself to an unque/ion+ acceptance ( au?ority4 ,9 ! c]emonial ( ! ,roman s]vice1 at ! mom5t prec$+ ! elevation ( ! ,ho/1 two acolytes ent] ! *ancel1 be>+ c&les1 & kneel betwe5 ! congregation & ! m9i/rants at ! alt>2 ! tap]s1 suffus+ ! alt> 9 _! gold5 radiance1 ?r[ ! dim figures ( ! prie/s into a great] gloom & my/]y4 ,s x happ5s t art (t5 is en%r\d$ by ! (f-giv+ ( ^? :o w\ld seem to illum9ate x2 & d>k ) excess ( light1 ! obscurity is int5sifi$4 ,! layman is told ( ! virg9al poetry ( e>ly ,italian pa9t+2 he is bidd5 to sit at ! homely1 sub/antial fea/ ( ! frank actuality ( ,dut* art2 he li/5s 9 puzzl$ wond] to ! glorification ( ,velasquez & ,goya2 he reads 9 eloqu5t1 gl[+ language ( ! spl5dor ( ,turn]4 ,he is m ?an half p]suad$2 b he does n q und]/&4 ,f ?is tangle ( cont5d+ int]e/s !re seems = ! mom5t to be no way out4 ,x is assum$ t ! layman has no /&>d ( 8 own2 & he yields himself to ! appeal :i* comes to him imm$iately at ! in/ant4 ,! next day1 p]haps1 br+s a new int]e/ or ano!r judgm5t :i* runs c\nt] to ! old4 ,back & =? & back aga91 )\t purpose & )\t reason2 x is only an endless recurr5ce ( ! conflict in/ead ( developm5t & progress4 ,tak+ all 8 e/imates at second h&1 s = 8 op9ion ev5 ( a conc]t or a play he is at ! m]cy ( a critic :o may h d9$ badly4 ,"s boy1 caught "y at ! univ]sity & brok5 to miscellane\s tasks on a big newspap]1 is s5t to d a picture-exhibition1 a conc]t1 & ! !atre 9 ! same day4 ,he is expect$ to criticise 9 an h\r ! "w ( a lifetime ( /ruggle & ef=t & k & ?\ght & feel+4 ,?is is ! guide ( op9ion & ! f\ndation ( arti/ic cre$4 ,i h /at$ ! r$uction to absurdity ( ! case = au?ority 9 criticism4 ,if ! layman :o leans too heavily ^u criticism comes to realize ! hopelessness ( 8 position & ?9ks ! situation ?r\gh to its necess>y conclusion1 he sees t ! au?ority ( criticism is n absolute1 b v>ies ) ! p[]s & range ( ! individual critic1 & t at ! la/ he mu/ f9d 8 /&>d )9 himself4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 c]ta9 /&>ds ( excell5ce recogniz$ univ]sally & c]ta9 pr9ciples ( ta/e ( univ]sal validity2 & to ^! /&>ds & ^! pr9ciples mu/ be ref]r$ our individual e/imates = comp>ison & correction4 ,giv5 a native s5sibility to ! wor? ( life & to ! appeal ( beauty1 ! ju/ice ( our e/imate w be 9 proportion to ! ext5t ( our k ( life & ( our contact ) art4 ,our individual judgm5t1 !re=e1 mu/ be controll$ by exp]i5ce1--our mom5t>y judgm5ts by ! sum ( our own exp]i5ce1 & our total judgm5t by univ]sal exp]i5ce4 ,9 all s\nd criticism & "r appreciation !re mu/ be a basis ( discipl9$ ta/e4 ,we mu/ gu>d ourselves aga9/ :ims & caprice1 ev5 our own4 ,s ! individual may n cut loose altoge!r f ext]nal /&>ds4 ,b ^! mu/ be br\ght into relation to 8 p]sonal ne$s & appli$ ) ref]5ce to 8 own /&>d4 ,f9ally1 = 8 own uses1 ! individual has ! "r to det]m9e ! mean+ & value to him ( any "w ( art 9 ! measure t x l9ks itself ) 8 own actual or possible exp]i5ce & becomes = him a revelation ( full] life4 ,= beauty is ! p[] possess$ by objects to quick5 u ) a s5se ( l>g] p]sonality2 & art1 :e!r ! arts ( =m or ( repres5tation1 is ! mat]ial body+ =? ( beauty z ! arti/ has p]ceiv$ x & ! means by :i* 8 emotion 9 its pres5ce is communicat$4 ,^u ?is conception ( beauty & ?is int]pretation ( ! scope & function ( art re/s ! ju/ice ( ! p]sonal e/imate4 ,,vii ,,beauty ,,& ,,common ,,life ,,to become s5sitive to ! mean+ ( color & =m & s\nd z ! arti/ employs !m = expression1 to feel a "w ( art 9 its relation to its backgr\nd1 to f9d 9 criticism enlight5m5t & guidance b n a sub/itute = "o's own exp]i5ce1--^! are me?ods ( approa* to art4 ,b ! appreciator has yet to p5etrate art's inmo/ secret4 ,at ! c5tre1 z ! motive ( all 8 ef=ts to und]/& ! language ( art & ! processes ( te*nique1 z ! goal ( hi/orical /udy & ! purpose ( 8 rec\rse to criticism1 /&s ! "w itself ) its p[] to attract & *>m4 ,"h is ,millet's pa9t+ ( ! ,s[]4 ,9 ! actual pres5ce ( ! picture ! appreciator's exp]i5ce is complex4 ,analysis resolves x into consid]ations ( ! mat]ial =m ( ! "w1 involv+ its s5su\s qualities & ! processes ( execution1 consid]ations also ( ! subject ( ! picture1 :i* ga!rs ab\t itself _m associations out ( ! behold]'s own previ\s k ( life4 ,b ! clue to ! f9al mean+ ( ! "w1 its mean+ bo? to ! arti/ & to ! appreciator1 is conta9$ 9 ! answ] to ! "q1 ,:y did ,millet pa9t ?is picture8 ,& j :at is x design$ to express8 ,art is born out ( emotion4 ,?\gh ! symbols x may employ to expression1 ! =ms 9 :i* x may manife/ itself1 are inf9itely v>i\s 9 range & "*1 ess5tially all art is "o4 ,a "w ( art is ! mat]ial body+ =? ( ! arti/'s s5se ( a mean+ 9 life :i* unfolds itself to him z h>mony & to :i* 8 _s responds accordantly4 ,x may be a patt]n he has conceiv$2 or he adapts mat]ial to a new use 9 response to a new ne$3 ! arti/ is "h a craftsman4 ,he is /irr$ by ! tone & incid5t ( a l&scape or by ! =ce or *>m ( "s p]sonality3 & he puts bru% to canvas4 ,he appreh5ds ! complex rhy?ms ( =m3 & ! mobile clay takes %ape "u 8 f+]s4 ,he feels ! significance ( p]sons act+ & react+ 9 _! contact ) "o ano!r3 & he p5s a novel or a drama4 ,he is ?rill$ by ! emotion att5d+ ! influx ( a great idea2 philosophy is t\*$ ) feel+3 & ! ?9k] becomes a poet4 ,! discords ( exp]i5ce resolve !mselves )9 him into h>monies3 & he gives !m out 9 triumphant h>monies ( s\nd4 ,! p>ticul> m$ium ! arti/ *ooses 9 :i* to express himself is incid5tal to ! feel+ to be convey$4 ,! /imulus to emotion :i* impels ! arti/ to create & ! ess5tial cont5t ( 8 "w is beauty4 ,z beauty1 !n1 is ! v /uff & fibre ( art1 inextricably b\nd up ) x1 s 9 our ef=t to relate art to our exp]i5ce we may seek to "k some?+ ( ! nature ( beauty & its place 9 common life4 ,dur+ a visit 9 ,philadelphia ,i 0 conduct$ by a memb] ( ! firm ?r\gh ! great ,locomotive ,works 9 t city4 ,f ! va/ (fice1 ) its atmosph]e ( busy1 conc5trat$ quiet1 punctuat$ by ! click+ ( _m typewrit]s1 ,i 0 l$ ?r\gh doors & passages1 & at l5g? came ^u ! %riek+ inf]no ( ! %ops4 ,! upro> & d9 7 madd5+4 ,ov]head1 huge cranes 7 sw++ great bulks ( /eel f "o end ( ! cav]n\s %$ to ! o!r2 vague figures 7 mov+ obscurely 9 ! murk2 ! floor 0 pil$ & litt]$ ) heaps ( iron-"w ( unimag9able %apes4 ,aft] a "t we made our way into ano!r area :]e !re 0 m quiet b no less confusion4 ,i yell$ to my guide1 ,su* a rumpus & r[ ,i nev] saw2 x is *aos come aga96 ,& he repli$1 ,:y1 to me x is all a p]fect ord]4 ,ev]y?+ is 9 its place4 ,e man has 8 special job & does x4 ,i "k ! mean+ & purpose ( all ^? p>ts t seem to y to be ?r[n ar\nd 9 su* a mess4 ,if y c\ld foll[ ! c\rse ( mak+ f ! draught+-rooms to ! f9i%+-%op1 if y c\ld see ! process at once z a :ole1 y w\ld und]/& t x is all a complete h>mony1 e "p work+ ) e o!r "p to a def9ite end4 ,x 0 n ,i b my fri5d :o _h ! tru? ( ! matt]4 ,:]e = me !re 0 only *aos1 = him 0 ord]4 ,& ! diff]5ce 0 t he _h ! clue :i* ,i _h n4 ,8 s5se ( ! mean+ ( ! p>ts br\ght ! scatt]+ details into a f9al unity2 & !re9 he f\nd h>mony & satisfaction4 ,i w5t away mu* impress$ by :at ,i _h se54 ,:5 ,i _h collect$ my wits a little 9 ! comp>ative calm ( ! /reets1 x occurr$ to me t ! imm5se work%ops 7 a symbol ( man's life 9 ! _w4 ,9 ! in/ant ( exp]i5ce all seems *aos4 ,at close range1 9 direct contact ) ! facts & dem&s ( e day1 we feel h[ confus+ & di/ract+ x all is4 ,life is beat+ 9 ^u u at e po9t2 all our s5ses are assail$ at once4 ,ea* new day br+s its conflict+ int]e/s & obligations4 ,n[1 :e!r we are aw>e ( x or n1 our con/ant ef=t is1 out ( ! great v>iety ( exp]i5ce press+ 9 ^u u1 to select su* details z make to a def9ite purpose & end4 ,in/9ctively we grope t[>d & attract to u t :i* is special & prop] to our individual developm5t4 ,our progress is t[>d h>mony4 ,by ! adju/m5t ( new mat]ial to ! %ap+ pr9ciple ( our exp]i5ce1 ! circle ( our individual lives wid5s its circumf]5ce4 ,we are able to br+ m & m details into ord]1 & correspond+ly full] & ri*] our life becomes4 ,! m5tal p]ception ( ord] 9 ! p>ts gives ! :ole its significance4 ,?is quick grasp ( ! :ole is l ! click ( ! kaleidoscope :i* ?r[s ! tumbl+1 di/ort$ bits into a design4 ,! conduct ( practical life on ! m5tal plane is ! process also ( art on ! plane ( ! emotions4 ,n only does exp]i5ce (f] itself to u z ! subject ( ?\ght2 our contact ) ! _w is also ! /imulus ( feel+4 ,9 my acc\nt ( ! visit to ! ,locomotive ,works ,i h set d[n b a "p & n ! sum ( my reaction4 ,aft] ,i _h come away1 ,i fell to ?9k+ ab\t :at ,i _h se51 & intellectually ,i d$uc$ c]ta9 ab/ract pr9ciples ) reg>d to unity & significance4 ,b at ! mom5t ( exp]i5ce itself ,i simply felt4 ,i 0 ov]:elm$ by ! s5se ( unloos5$ p[]4 ,! v confusion ( x all con/itut$ ! unity ( impression4 ,! emotion r\s$ 9 me by ! ro> & riot\s movem5t & ! va/ gloom torn by fitful yell[ gleams f op5$ furnaces & %apes ( gl[+ metal 0 ! emotion appropriate to ! exp]i5ce ( *aos4 ,t ,i c f9d a s+le ^w by :i* to *>act]ize x1 is evid5ce t ! mom5t _h its h>mony = me & consequ5t mean+4 ,all ! inf9ite univ]se ext]nal to u is ev]y:]e & at e in/ant pot5tially ! /imulus to emotion4 ,b unless feel+ is discrim9at$1 x passes unreg>d$4 ,:5 ! emotion ga!rs itself into design1 :5 ! mom5t reveals )9 itself ord] & significance1 !n & n till !n ! emotion becomes sub/ance = expression 9 =ms ( art4 ,if ,i 7 able to phrase :at ,i saw & :at ,i felt 9 ! ,locomotive ,works1 s t by means ( pres5t+ :at ,i saw ,i might communicate to ano!r :at ,i felt & s r\se 9 him ! same emotion1 ,i %\ld be an arti/4 ,:i/l] or ,monet might picture = u ! murk & my/]y ( ?is pregnant gloom4 ,wagn] might s\nd = u ! tumultu\s1 weird emotions ( ?is ,niebelung5 work%op ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,dante or ,milton might phrase ?is inf]no & p&emonium ( mod]n indu/ry & leave u /irr$ by ! s5se ( p[] 9 ! play ( gigantic =ces4 ,:e!r ! m$ium be ! pa9t]'s color1 ! musician's tones1 or ! poet's words1 ! purpose ( ! repres5tation is fulfill$ 9 s f> z ! "w expresses ! emotion :i* ! arti/ has felt 9 ! pres5ce ( ?is spectacle4 ,he1 ! arti/1 m ?an ,i or ano!r1 has ?rill$ to its my/]y1 its tumult1 its p[]4 ,x is ?is effect1 receiv$ z a unity ( impression1 t he wants to communicate4 ,?is p[] ( ! object ov] him1 & consequ5tly ! cont5t ( 8 "w1 is beauty4 ,9 ! exp]i5ce ( u all !re are objects & situations :i* c /ir u1--! twilight h\r1 a gr\p ( *ildr5 at play1 ! spectacle ( ! great human cr[d1 x may be1 or solitude "u ! />s1 ! works ( man z va/ cities or cunn+ly contriv$ ma*9es1 or p]haps x is ! mighty1 %ift+ panorama :i* nature unrolls = u at e in/ant ( day & night1 h] endless pageant ( color & light & %ade & =m4 ,out ( !m at ! mom5t ( our contact is unfold$ a new significance2 because ( !m life becomes = u l>g]1 deep]4 ,?is p[] possess$ by objects to r\se 9 u an emotion :i* comes ) ! realization ( inn] significance express$ 9 h>mony is beauty4 ,a brief analysis ( ! nature & action ( beauty may help u 9 ! und]/&+ & appreciation ( art1 ?\gh ! value to u ( any explanation is to quick5 u to a m vivid s5sitiv5ess to ! effect ( beauty 9 ! doma9 ( actual exp]i5ce ( x4 ,because ! _w ext]nal to u1 :i* manife/s beauty1 is receiv$ into consci\sness by ! s5ses1 x is natural to seek our explanation 9 ! processes involv$ 9 ! function+ ( our organism4 ,our exi/5ce z individual human be+s is condition$ by our embodim5t 9 matt]4 ,)\t s5ses1 )\t n]ves & a bra91 we %\ld n be4 ,our feel+s1 :i* det]m9e = u f9ally ! value ( exp]i5ce1 are ! product ( ! excitem5t ( our physical organism respond+ to /imulation4 ,! rudim5t>y & mo/ g5]al feel+s are pleasure & pa94 ,all ! complex & inf9itely v>i$ emotions t g to make up our consci\s life are modifications ( ^! two elem5t>y reactions4 ,! feel+ ( pleasure results :5 our organism functions h>moni\sly ) itself2 pa9 is ! consequ5ce ( discord4 ,9 ! words ( a rec5t admirable /atem5t ( ! psy*ologi/s' position3 ,:5 rhy?m & melody & =ms & colors give me pleasure1 x is because ! imitat+ impulses & movem5ts t h aris5 9 me are su* z suit1 help1 height5 my physical organization 9 g5]al & 9 p>ticul>4 4 4 4 ,! basis1 9 %ort1 ( any ae/hetic exp]i5ce--poetry1 music1 pa9t+ & ! re/--is beautiful ?r\gh its h>mony ) ! conditions (f]$ by our s5ses1 prim>ily ( sight & he>+1 & ?r\gh ! h>mony ( ! sugge/ions & impulses x ar\ses ) ! :ole organism4 ,beauty1 !n1 accord+ to ! psy*ologi/s1 is ! quality inh]5t 9 ?+s1 ! possession ( :i* enables !m to /imulate our organism to h>moni\s function+4 ,& ! p]ception ( beauty is a purely physiological reaction4 ,?is explanation1 valid )9 its limits1 seems to me to fall %ort ( ! :ole tru?4 ,= x fails to reckon ) t faculty & t entity )9 u ^: exi/5ce we "k b _c expla91--! faculty we call m9d1 :i* op]ates z imag9ation1 & ! entity we recognize z _s or s\l4 ,i mean ! faculty :i* gives u ! idea ( ,god & ! consci\sness ( self1 ! faculty :i* appreh5ds relations & significance 9 mat]ial transc5d+ _! mat]ial embodim5t4 ,i mean ! entity )9 u :i* expresses itself 9 love & aspiration & wor%ip1 ! entity :i* is able to fuse ) ! h>mony ext]nal to x 9 a l>g] unity4 ,:5 ,i glance out ^u a w9t] twilight dr5*+ e>? & sky ) lum9\s blue1 a sudd5 delight floods 9 ^u me1 ga!r+ up all my s5ses 9 a surg+ bill[ ( emotion1 & my be+ pulses & vibrates 9 a beat ( joy4 ,some?+ )9 me goes out to meet ! l&scape2 s f> z ,i am at all consci\s ( ! mom5t1 ,i feel1 ,!re1 t is :at ,i am6 ,?is deep h>mony ( tone & mass is ! expression ( a full] self t[>d :i* ,i ye>n4 ,my be+ ?rills & dilates ) ! s5sation ( l>g] life4 ,!n1 aft] ! joy has ?robb$ itself out & my reaction takes %ape z consci\sness1 ,i set myself to consid] ! s\rces & ! processes ( my exp]i5ce4 ,i note t my eye has p]ceiv$ color & =m4 ,my intellect1 z ,i summon x into action1 tells me t ,i am look+ ^u a sc5e 9 nature compos$ ( mat]ial elem5ts1 z l& & trees & wat] & atmosph]e4 ,my s5ses1 op]at+ ?r\gh *annels ( matt]1 receive1 & my bra9 regi/]s1 impressions ( mat]ial objects4 ,b ?is analysis1 ?\gh def9+ ! processes1 does n q expla9 my joy4 ,i "k t beyond all ?is1 transc5d+ my mat]ial s5se-p]ception & transc5d+ ! actual mat]ial ( ! l&scape1 !re is some?+ 9 me & !re is some?+ 9 nature :i* meet & m+le & become "o4 ,above all embodim5t 9 matt]1 !re is a plane on :i* ,i feel my community ) ! _w ext]nal to me1 recogniz+ t _w to be an ext5sion ( my own p]sonality1 a plane on :i* ,i c id5tify myself ) ! ?+ outside ( me 9 s f> z x is ! expression ( :at ,i am or may become4 ,betwe5 me & ! ext]nal _w !re is a common t]m4 ,! effect :i* nature has ^u u is det]m9$1 n by ! object itself alone & n by our individual m9d & temp]am5t alone1 b by ! meet+ ( ! two1 ! community betwe5 ! object & ! _s ( man4 ,:5 we f9d nature significant & expressive1 x is because we make nature 9 "s way a "p ( our own exp]i5ce4 ,! mat]ial ( an object is p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses4 ,we see t x is blue or gre5 or br[n2 we may t\* x & note t x is r\gh or smoo?1 h>d or s(t1 w>m or cold4 ,b ! expressiv5ess ( ! object1 its value = ! emotions1 does n /op ) its m]ely mat]ial qualities1 b comes ) our grasp ( ! relations :i* x embodies2 & ^! relations1 transmitt$ ?r\gh mat]ial by ! s5ses1 are appreh5d$ by ! m9d4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 elem5t>y data ( s5se-p]ception1 su* z color & s\nd4 ,x may be t ,i pref] r$ to yell[ because my eye is s con/itut$ z to function h>moni\sly ) a rate ( vibration repres5t$ by #dej billions p] second1 & discordantly ) a rate ( vibration repres5t$ by #ebf billions p] second4 ,s also ) tones ( a giv5 pit*4 ,b ?\gh simple color & simple s\nd h ea* ! p[] to please ! s5ses1 yet 9 actual exp]i5ce nei!r color nor s\nd is p]ceiv$ ab/ractly1 ap>t f its embodim5t 9 =m4 ,color is felt z ! prop]ty ( "s concrete object1 z ! crimson ( a rose1 ! dye ( "s fabric or g>m5t1 ! blue ( ! sky1 :i*1 ?\gh we "k x to be ! inf9ite ext5sion ( atmosph]e & e!r1 we nev]!less conceive z a dome1 ) curvature & ! def9ite b\nd>y ( ! horizon4 ,s\nd 9 & ( itself has pit* & timbre1 qualities ( pure s5sation2 b ev5 ) ! p]ception ( s\nd ! elem5t ( =m ent]s 91 = we he> x ) a consci\sness ( its duration--long or %ort--or ( its relation to o!r s\nds1 he>d or imag9$4 ,our p]ceptions1 !re=e1 give u =ms4 ,n[ =m implies relation1 ! ref]5ce ( "o "p to ! o!r p>ts 9 ! composition ( ! :ole4 ,& relation c>ries ) x ! possibilities ( h>mony or discord1 ( unity or disord]4 ,be=e an object c be reg>d$ z beautiful x mu/ give out a unity ( impression4 ,?is unity does n reside 9 ! object itself1 b is effect$ by ! m9d :i* p]ceives x4 ,9 look+ at a *eck]bo>d ,i may see x z an aggregation ( :ite squ>es set (f by black1 or z black squ>es reliev$ by :ite4 ,i may read x z a s]ies ( horizontals1 or ( v]ticals1 or ( diagonals1 accord+ z ,i att5d to x4 ,! design ( ! *eck]-bo>d is n an absolute & fix$ quantity inh]5t 9 ! object itself1 b is capable ( a v>i\s int]pretation accord+ to ! relative emphasis giv5 to ! p>ts by ! p]ceiv+ m9d4 ,s ) all objects 9 nature4 ,! twilight l&scape :i* /irr$ me may h be5 q )\t int]e/ or mean+ to ! man at my side2 or1 if he respond$ to x at all1 8 feel+s may h be5 ( a diff]5t ord] & quality ?an m9e4 ,:]e ,i felt a deep & intimate solemnity 9 ! l&scape1 he might h receiv$ ! twilight z *ill & =bidd+4 ,beauty1 !n1 :i* consi/s 9 h>moni\s relation1 does n lie 9 nature objectively1 b is con/itut$ by ! p]ception 9 man's con/ructive imag9ation ( a h>mony & consequ5t significance drawn out ( natural =ms4 ,x is1 9 ,em]son's phrase1 ! integrity ( impression made by manifold natural objects4 ,& ,em]son says fur!r1 ,! *>m+ l&scape :i* ,i saw ?is morn+ is indubitably made up ( "s tw5ty or ?irty f>ms4 ,mill] owns ?is field1 ,locke t1 & ,mann+ ! woodl& beyond4 ,b none ( !m owns ! l&scape4 ,!re is a prop]ty 9 ! horizon :i* no man has b he ^: eye c integrate all ! p>ts1 t is1 ! poet4 ,! m]e pleasurable excitem5t ( ! s5ses is h>dly to be call$ beauty4 ,an object to be beautiful mu/ express a h>mony ( relations & h5ce a mean+1--a mean+ :i* goes beyond s5se-p]ception & does n /op ) ! intellect1 b rea*es ! _s4 ,psy*ologi/s tell u t a curv$ l9e is pleas+ because ! eye is s hung z be/ to move 9 x4 ,pleas+1 yes2 b n beautiful4 ,& precisely h]e9 is illu/rat$ ! di/9ction4 ,a life we>i$ ) an undulat+ uni=mity ( days w f9d beauty less 9 ! curve ?an 9 ! zigzag1 because ! sight ( ! brok5 l9e br+s to ! _s sugge/ions ( *ange & adv5ture4 ,a sup9e temp] f9ds %ock1 excitem5t1 & a mean+ 9 ! v]tical4 ,yet ! significance ( =ms is n det]m9$ necess>ily by contra/s4 ,a quiet _s sees its own expression1 a h>mony ( self ) ext]nal =m1 9 ! ev5 l9es & flat spaces ( "s ,dut* et*+4 ,or a vigor\s1 h>dy m9d takes fre% /imulus & c\rage f ! swirl+ cl\ds ( ,turn] or ! w9d-torn l&scapes ( ,con/able4 ,an object is beautiful1 n because ( ! physical ease ) :i* ! eye foll[s its outl9es1 b 9 s f> z x has ! p[] to communicate to u ! feel+ ( l>g] life1 to express & complete = u a h>mony )9 our emotional exp]i5ce4 ,our s5ses report to u ! mat]ial _w2 we see1 we he>1 we t\* & ta/e & smell4 ,b we recognize also t nature has a value = ! emotions2 x c delight & ?rill & uplift1 tak+ u out ( ourselves & c>ry+ u beyond ! conf9es ( ! little circle ( our daily use & wont4 ,z ,i look f my w9d[ ,i see aga9/ ! sky a pe> tree1 radiant ) blossom1 an explosion ( light & s5sation4 ,its gre5 & :ite1 /eep$ 9 sun%9e & quiv]+ out ( ra9-wa%$ dep?s ( blue1 are good to behold4 ,b = me1 z my _s goes out to meet x1 ! tree is spr+6 ,9 ?is ,i d n mean to *>act]ize a process ( intellectual d$uction1--t z blossoms come 9 ! spr+1 s ! fl[]+ ( ! tree is evid5ce t spr+ is "h4 ,i mean t by its color & =m1 all its outw>d lovel9ess1 ! tree communicates to me ! _s ( ! new bir? ( ! ye>4 ,9 myself ,i feel & live ! spr+4 ,my joy 9 ! tree1 !re=e1 does n end ) ! sight ( its gray trunk & int]wov5 bran*es & its gleam+ play ( leaves3 !re my joy only beg9s1 & x comes to its fulfillm5t z ,i feel ! life ( ! tree to be an expression & ext5sion ( ! life t is 9 me4 ,my physical organism responds h>moni\sly 9 rhy?m ) ! =m ( ! tree1 & s f> ! tree is pleas+4 ,b1 f9ally1 a =m is beautiful because x is expressive4 ,beauty1 said ,millet1 does n consi/ m]ely 9 ! %ape or color+ ( a face4 ,x lies 9 ! g5]al effect ( ! =m1 9 suitable & appropriate action4 4 4 4 ,:5 ,i pa9t a "m1 ,i %all try & make h] beautiful simply by ! look %e b5ds ^u h] *ild4 ,beauty is expression4 ,beauty works its effect ?r\gh significance1 a significance :i* is n always to be phras$ 9 words1 b is felt2 convey$ by ! s5ses1 x at la/ rea*es ! emotions4 ,:]e ! _s ( man comes into h>mony ) a h>mony ext]nal to x1 !re is beauty4 ,! elem5ts ( beauty are design1 :ol5ess1 & significance4 ,significance proce$s out ( :ol5ess or unity ( impression2 & unity is made possible by design4 ,:atev] ! fl[] into :i* x may ultimately exp&1 beauty has its roots 9 fitness & utility2 design 9 ?is case is con/itut$ by ! adaptation ( ! means to ! end4 ,! own] ( a saw-mill want$ a support made = a %aft+4 ,indicat+ a g5]al idea ( :at he desir$1 he appli$ to "o ( 8 workm51 a man ( intellig5ce & skill 9 8 craft1 b )\t a conv5tional education4 ,! man con/ruct$ ! support1 a triangul> framework contriv$ to receive ! %aft+ at ! apex2 :]e !re 0 no /ress )9 ! triangle1 he cut away ! timb]1 ?us elim9at+ all surplusage ( mat]ial4 ,:5 ! own] saw ! f9i%$ product he said to 8 workman1 ,well1 ,john1 t is a really beautiful ?+ y h made !re4 ,& ! man repli$1 ,i don't "k any?+ ab\t ! beauty ( x1 b ,i "k x's /rong6 ,! end to be rea*$ 0 a support :i* %\ld be /rong4 ,! /rong support 0 felt to be beautiful1 = its l9es & masses 7 appreh5d$ z "r4 ,_h ! man1 ) ! little le>n+ t is dang]\s1 attempt$ embelli%m5t or appli$ ornam5t1 he w\ld h spoil$ ! effect2 = ornat5ess w\ld h be5 out ( place4 ,! p]fect fitness ( means to end1 )\t defect & )\t excess1 con/itut$ its beauty2 & its beauty 0 p]ceiv$ ae/hetically1 z a quality inh]5t 9 ! =m1 a quality :i* ap>t f ! practical s]viceabl5ess ( ! contrivance 0 capable ( communicat+ pleasure4 ,s 9 g5]al1 :5 ! inh]5t ne$s ( ! "w give %ape to ! /ructure or contrivance1 ! result+ =m is 9 s f> =? beautiful4 ,! e>ly horseless c>riages1 9 :i* a =m int5d$ = "o use 0 graft$ ^u a diff]5t purpose1 7 v ugly4 ,today ! motor-c>1 evolv$ out ( /ructural ne$s1 a ?+ complete 9 & = itself1 has 9 its l9es & coh]5ce ( composition c]ta9 elem5ts ( beauty4 ,9 8 ,song ( ,spe$1 ,h5ley has demon/rat$ t ! motorc>1 me*anical1 mod]n1 useful1 may ev5 be mat]ial = poetry4 ,t ! useful is n always p]ceiv$ z beautiful is due to ! fact t ! design :i* has %ap$ ! "w mu/ be reg>d$ ap>t f ! mat]ial s]viceabl5ess ( ! object itself4 ,beauty consi/s n 9 ! actual mat]ial1 b 9 ! unity ( relations :i* ! object embodies4 ,we appreciate ! art involv$ 9 ! mak+ ( ! fir/ lock & key only z we look beyond ! m]ely practical usefulness ( ! device & s appreh5d ! h>mony ( relations effect$ ?r\gh its con/ruction4 ,z ! lock & key s]ve to fa/5 ! door1 !y are useful2 !y are beautiful z !y manife/ design & we feel _! h>mony4 ,beauty is remov$ f practical life1 n because x is unrelat$ to life1--j ! rev]se ( t is true1--b because ! enjoym5t ( beauty is dis9t]e/$4 ,! deta*m5t involv$ 9 appreciation is a deta*m5t f mat]ial4 ,! appreciator may seem to be a look]-on at life1 9 t he does n act b simply feels4 ,b 8 _s is correspond+ly al]t4 ,9 ! measure t he is releas$ f s]vitude to mat]ial he gives free play to 8 emotion4 ,al?\gh beauty is f\nd$ ^u design1 design is n ! :ole ( beauty4 ,n all objects :i* exhibit equal integrity ( design are equally beautiful4 ,! beauty ( a "w ( art is det]m9$ by ! degree ( emotion :i* impell$ its creation & by ! degree 9 :i* ! "w itself is able to communicate ! emotion imm$iately4 ,! feel+ :i* ent]$ into ! mak+ ( ! fir/ lock & key 0 simply ! inv5tor's desire = su* a device1 8 desire be+ ! feel+ :i* accompani$ 8 consci\sness ( 8 ne$4 ,at ! o!r extreme is ! emotion su* z att5d$ ,mi*elangelo's vision ( 8 ,david & urg$ 8 h& z he set 8 *isel to ! un%ap$ wait+ block4 ,& s all ! way betwe54 ,_m pictures are execut$ 9 a :olly me*anical _s1 z s mu* manufacture2 & !y exhibit correspond+ly little beauty4 ,_m useful ?+s1 z a c&le-/ick1 a pair ( &irons1 a *air1 are wr\ght 9 ! _s ( art2 into !m goes some?+ ( ! mak]'s joy 9 8 "w2 !y become ! expression ( 8 emotion3 & !y are s f> beautiful4 ,x is ass]t$ t ,millet's ,angelus is a great] picture ?an ! pa9t+ entitl$ ,w> by ,franz ,/uck1 because ! idea ( peasants tell+ _! beads is m beautiful ?an ! idea ( a ru?less de/roy] only 9 s f> z x is morally high]4 ,! moral value z su* has v little to d ) x4 ,x is a "q ( emotion4 ,if ,/uck 7 to put on canvas 8 idea ( peasants at pray] & if ,millet _h phras$ 9 pictorial t]ms 8 feel+ ab\t w>1 !re is little d\bt t ,millet's pa9t+ w\ld be ! m tell+ & beautiful4 ,! degree ( beauty is fix$ by ! dep? ( ! man's insight into life & ! correspond+ int5sity ( 8 emotion4 ,beauty is n limit$ to "o class ( object or exp]i5ce & exclud$ f ano!r4 ,a *air may be beautiful1 al?\gh turn$ to common use2 a picture is n beautiful necess>ily because x is a picture4 ,no?+ out ( its place is good1 no?+ 9 its place is bad1 says ,:itman1 ,:i/l] speaks ( art z seek+ & f9d+ ! beautiful 9 all conditions & 9 all times1 z did h] high prie/1 ,rembr&t1 :5 he saw picturesque gr&eur & noble dignity 9 ! ,jews' qu>t] ( ,am/]dam1 & lam5t$ n t its inhabitants 7 n ,greeks4 ,! beautiful mu/ exhibit an integrity ( relations )9 itself1 & x mu/ be 9 integral relation ) its surr\nd+s4 ,! /&>d ( beauty v>ies ) e age1 ) e nation1 inde$ ) e individual4 ,z beauty is n 9 ! object itself1 b is 9 ! m9d :i* integrates ! relations :i* ! object manife/s1 s our appreciation ( beauty is det]m9$ by our individuality4 ,& individuality is ! resultant ( _m =ces4 ,! self1 inexplicable 9 ess5ce1 is ! product ( inh]itance1 & is modifi$ by environm5t & tra9+4 ,m ?an we realize1 our judgm5t is qualifi$ by tradition & habit & ev5 fa%ion4 ,because m5 h be5 famili> = s _m c5turies ) ! idea t sculpture %\ld f9d its vehicle 9 :ite m>ble1 ! k t ,greek m>bles orig9ally 7 pa9t$ comes ) some?+ ( a %ock2 & = ! mom5t !y h difficulty 9 p]suad+ !mselves t a ,p>!non frieze color$ c\ld possibly be beautiful4 ,until )9 comp>atively rec5t ye>s ! ,fr5* h reg>d$ ,%akespe>e z a b>b>ian4 ,! h]oic c\plet1 :i* 0 ! la/ ^w 9 poetical expression 9 ! age ( ,que5 ,anne1 we consid] to-day z little m ?an a me*anical j+le4 ,la/ ye>'s fa%ions 9 dress1 :i* seem$ at ! "t to h _! m]its1 are ?is ye> amus+ly grotesque4 ,9 our judgm5t ( beauty1 !re=e1 all[ance mu/ be made = /&>ds :i* m]ely are impos$ ^u u f )\t4 ,x is necess>y to di/+ui% betwe5 a =mula & ! reality4 ,z f> z possible we %\ld seek to come into orig9al relation ) ! univ]se1 fre%ly = ourselves4 ,s we mu/ return ^u our individual consci\sness1 & ?us det]m9e :at is vitally significant to u4 ,= ! man :o w\ld appreciate beauty1 x is n a "q betwe5 ?is or t s*ool 9 art1 :e!r ! tru? lies ) ! classici/s or ! romantici/s2 x is n a "q ( ?is or t subject or me?od to ! exclusion ( all o!rs4 ,beauty may be any:]e or ev]y:]e4 ,x is our task & joy to f9d x1 :]ev] x may be4 ,& we %all f9d x1 if we are able to recognize x & we hold ourselves responsive to its multitud9\s appeal4 ,! conception ( beauty :i* limits its manife/ation to "o k9d ( exp]i5ce is s f> false & leads to mis*iev\s acceptances & n>r[+ rejections4 ,we mi/ake ! pretty = ! beautiful & s fail ( ! true value ( beauty2 we are bl9d to ! significance :i* all nature & all life1 9 ! l[e/ & commone/ z 9 ! highe/ & r>e/1 hold )9 !m4 ,if beauty1 says ,ham]ton1 7 ! only prov9ce ( art1 nei!r pa9t]s nor et*]s w\ld f9d any?+ to occupy !m 9 ! f\l /ream t wa%es ! ,london :>fs4 ,by beauty "h is meant ! m]ely agreeable4 ,pleas+ ! riv] may n be1 to ! ord9>y man2 b = ! poet & ! pa9t]1 ^? to :om x is giv5 to see ) ! inn] eye1 ! f\l /ream & its :>fs may be light$ ) my/]i\s & t5d] beauty4 ,e>? has n any?+ to %[ m fair3 ,dull w\ld he be ( s\l :o c\ld pass by ,a sight s t\*+ 9 its maje/y3 ,?is city n[ do?1 l a g>m5t1 we> ,! beauty ( ! morn+4 4 4 4 4 4 ,nev] did sun m beautifully /eep ,9 8 fir/ spl5d\r1 valley1 rock1 or hill2 ,ne'er saw ,i1 nev] felt1 a calm s deep6 ,! riv] glide? at 8 own sweet w3 ,de> ,god6 ! v h\ses seem asleep2 ,& all t mighty he>t is ly+ /ill6 ,& ,:i/l]1 by ! wit*]y ( 8 bru% & 8 ne$le1 has transmut$ ! confusion & sordidness & fil? ( ?is ,?ames-side into exquisite emotion4 ,! ess5ce ( beauty is h>mony1 b t h>mony is n to be r$uc$ to rule & measure4 ,9 ! v *aos ( ! ,locomotive ,works we may feel beauty2 9 ! ?rill :i* !y communicate we receive access ( p[] & we are1 m l>gely1 m univ]sally4 ,! h>mony :i* is beauty is t unity or integrity ( impression by =ce ( :i* we are able to feel significance & ! relation ( ! object to our own exp]i5ce4 ,x is an error to suppose t beauty mu/ be rack$ on a procru/ean b$ ( =mula4 ,su* false conceptions result 9 %am art4 ,to create a "w :i* %all be beautiful x is n necess>y to smoo?1 inlay1 & clip1 & fit4 ,beauty is n impos$ ^u mat]ial f )\t1 accord+ to a recipe2 x is drawn out f )9 by ! integrat+ p[] ( imag9ation4 ,art is n artificiality4 ,art is ! expression ( vital emotion & ess5tial significance4 ,! beauty ( ar*itecture1 = example1 consi/s n 9 appli$ ornam5t b 9 /ructural fitness & adaptability1 & gr[s out ( ! inh]5t ne$s ( ! "w4 ,! ca!dral-build]s ( old "t did n set !mselves to create a "w ( art4 ,!y want$ a *ur*2 & x 0 a *ur* !y built4 ,x is we :o1 p]ceiv+ ! rightness ( _! a*ievem5t1 pron\nce x to be beautiful4 ,beauty is n manufactur$1 b gr[s2 x _c be laid on z ornam5t4 ,beauty is born out ( ! contact ( ! _s ( man ) natural =ms1 t contact :i* gives to objects _! significance4 ,! recognition ( ! true nature ( beauty may *ange = u ! face ( ! _w4 ,"s ?+s are univ]sally reg>d$ z beautiful because _! appeal is univ]sal4 ,!re are passions1 joys1 aspirations1 common to all ! race2 & ! =ms :i* objectify ^! emotions are beautiful univ]sally4 ,we c all ent] into ! feel+s t ga!r ab\t a gr\p ( *ildr5 danc+ r\nd a ,maypole 9 ! ,p>k2 b 9 ! murk & d9 & demoniacal activity ( ! ,locomotive ,works ! appeal is n s obvi\s4 ,! /up5d\s work%ops become beautiful to me z my be+ m]ges into h>mony ) !m & dilates ) ! emotion ( int5s] & full] life4 ,! ,si/9e ,madonna is g5]ally reg>d$ z beautiful4 ,b :at is ! beauty 9 ! unspeakable wit* on ! canvas ( ,frans ,hals8 ,h>mony ( color & ( composition is employ$ by ,raphael 9 ! r5d]+ ( a figure & 9 ! expression ( an emotion bo? ( :i* relate !mselves to ! v5]ation ( mank9d4 ,mat]nity1 ,*ri/ian or pagan1 div9e or human1 evokes its univ]sal tribute ( feel+4 ,on ,raphael's canvas complete h>mony is made visible2 & ! beauty ( ! picture = u is measur$ by its p[] to /ir u4 ,9 ! pa9t+ by ,frans ,hals ! subject repres5t$ is 9 itself n pleas+4 ,! te*nical execution ( ! picture is ma/]ly4 ,b our delight goes beyond any enjoym5t ( ! skill "h exhibit$1 goes beyond ev5 ! satisfaction ( ! s5ses 9 its color & composition4 ,:at ! picture expresses is n m]ely ! visible aspect ( ?is woman1 b ! pa9t]'s own sympa?y & appreciation4 ,he saw a beauty 9 ugl9ess1 a beauty to :i* we 7 bl9d1 = he felt ! significance ( h] life1 ! et]nal rightness to h]self ( :at %e 04 ,8 joy 9 ?is inn] h>mony has transfigur$ ! object & made x beautiful4 ,beauty p5etrates deep] ?an grace & comel9ess2 x is n conf9$ to ! pretty & agreeable4 ,inde$1 beauty is n always imm$iately pleasant1 b is receiv$ (t5 ) pa94 ,! emotion ( pleasure1 :i* is reg>d$ z ! necess>y concomitant ( beauty1 ensues z we are able to m]ge ourselves 9 ! exp]i5ce & s come to feel its ultimate h>mony4 ,:at is commonly accept$ z ugly1 z %ock+ or sordid1 becomes beautiful = u s soon z we appreh5d its inn] significance4 ,judg$ by ! canons ( =mal beauty1 ! sky-l9e ( ,new ,york city1 se5 f ! ,nor? ,riv]1 is ugly & di/ress+4 ,b ! responsive _s1 rea*+ ev] outw>d into new =ms ( feel+1 c ?rill at sight ( ^? ,titanic /ructures out-topp+ ! ,palisades !mselves1 ?ru/+ _! squ>5ess adv5tur\sly into ! smoke-gray$ air1 & tell+ ! triumph ( man's m9d ov] ! =ces ( nature 9 ?is fulfillm5t ( ! ne$s ( irrepressible activity1 ?is expression ( trem5d\s actuality & life4 ,n t ! reaction is s def9itely =mulat$ 9 ! mom5t ( exp]i5ce2 b ?is is some?+ ( :at is felt4 ,! discov]y ( su* a h>mony is ! entrance into full] liv+4 ,s x is t ! b\nd>ies ( beauty enl>ge ) ! expansion ( ! individual _s4 ,to ext5d ! b\nd>ies ( beauty by ! revelation ( new h>monies is ! function ( art4 ,) ! ord9>y man1 ! plane ( feel+1 :i* is ! basis ( appreciation1 is bel[ ! plane ( 8 att5tion z he moves ?r\gh life f day to day4 ,z a clock may be tick+ 9 ! room q unhe$$1 & !n sudd5ly we he> x because our att5tion is call$ to x2 s only t emotion really c\nts to u z exp]i5ce :i* comes to our cognizance4 ,:5 once ! ord9>y man is made aw>e ( ! und]ly+ plane ( feel+1 ! :ole realm ( appreciation is op5$ to him by 8 recognition ( ! possibilities ( beauty :i* life may hold4 ,consci\sly to recognize t =ces are op]at+ :i* lie beh9d ! surface aspect ( ?+s is to op5 ourselves to ! play ( ^! =ces4 ,) p]sons 9 :om intellect is dom9ant & ! controll+ p[]1 ! prim>y ne$ is to und]/&2 & = su*1 fir/ to "k is to be help$ f9ally to feel4 ,to compreh5d t !re is a s\l 9 e fact & t )9 mat]ial objects reside mean+s = ! _s1 or beauty1 is to be made m s5sitive to _! influ5ce4 ,) ! arti/1 h[ev]1 ! case is diff]5t4 ,at ! mom5t ( creation he is little consci\s ( ! purport ( ! "w to :i* he sets 8 h&4 ,he is n conc]n$1 z we h be51 ) ! :y ( beauty2 f ! concrete directly to ! concrete is 8 progress4 ,life comes to him n z ?\ght b z emotion4 ,he is mov$ by actual imm$iate contact ) ! _w ab\t him1--by ! sight ( a l&scape1 by ! mood ( an h\r or place1 by ! p[] ( "s p]sonality2 x may be1 too1 a welt] ( recollect$ s5sations & impressions t plays ^u 8 _s4 ,! resultant emotion1 n reason$ ab\t b nev]!less direct$ to a def9ite end1 takes %ape 9 ext]nal concrete =ms :i* are works ( art4 ,j because he is s quick to feel ! emotional value ( life he is an arti/2 & mu* ( 8 p[] z an arti/ d]ives f ! concret5ess ( 8 emotion4 ,! arti/ is ! creative m9d1 creative 9 ?is s5se1 t 9 ! outw>d %[s ( ?+s he feels _! inw>d & true relations1 & by new comb9ations ( mat]ial elem5ts he rembodies 8 feel+ 9 =ms ^: message is address$ to ! _s4 ,! reason :y ,millet pa9t$ ! ,s[] 0 t he felt ! beauty ( ?is peasant figure int]pret$ z significance & life4 ,& x is ?is significance & life1 9 :i* we are made to %>e1 t 8 picture is design$ to express4 ,exp]i5ce comes to u 9 fragm5ts2 ! surface ( ! _w ?r[s back to u b brok5 glimpses4 ,9 ! p]spective ( a lifetime ! fragm5ts fl[ toge!r into ord]1 & we dimly see ! purpose ( our be+ "h2 9 mom5ts ( illum9ation & deep] insight a glimpse may disclose a sudd5 h>mony1 & ! brief segm5t ( nature's circle becomes beautiful4 ,= !n is reveal$ ! %ap+ pr9ciple4 ,)9 ! fact1 beh9d ! surface1 are appreh5d$ ! relations ( :i* ! fact & ! surface are ! expression4 ,! rhy?m ?us discov]$ wak5s an accordant rhy?m 9 ! _s ( man4 ,! mom5t gives out its mean+ z man & nature m]ge toge!r 9 ! inclusive h>mony4 ,if ! human _s 7 inf9ite 9 compreh5sion1 we %\ld receive all ?+s z beautiful1 = we %\ld appreh5d _! rightness & _! h>mony4 ,to our f9ite p]ception1 h[ev]1 design is n always evid5t1 = x is ov]laid & conf\nd$ ) o!r elem5ts :i* are n at ! mom5t fus$4 ,j "h is ! (fice ( art4 ,= art pres5ts a h>mony lib]at$ f all admixture ( conflict+ details & purg$ ( all accid5ts1 ?us r5d]+ ! s+le mean+ sali5t4 ,to compel disord] into ord] & s reveal new beauty is ! a*ievem5t ( ! arti/4 ,! _w is commonplace or fraught ) div9e/ mean+s1 accord+ z we see x s4 ,to art we turn = revelation1 kn[+ t ideals ( beauty may be _m & t beauty may manife/ itself 9 _m =ms4 ,,viii ,,! ,,arts ,,( ,,=m ,,! mak] ( ! fir/ b[l m\lds ! pla/ic clay into ! %ape be/ adapt$ to its purpose1 a vessel to hold wat]1 f :i* he c dr9k easily2 ! half-globe r ?an ! cube af=ds ! greate/ hold+ capacity ) ! lea/ exp5diture ( mat]ial4 ,he f9ds n[ t ! =m itself--ov] & above ! practical s]viceabl5ess ( ! b[l--gives him pleasure4 ,) a po9t$ /ick or bit ( fl9t he traces 9 ! yield+ surface a fl[+ l9e or an ord]$ s]ies ( dots or crosses1 all[+ free play to 8 fancy & inv5tion4 ,! design does n resemble any?+ else1 nor does x relate itself to any object ext]nal to ! mak]2 x has no mean+ ap>t f ! pleasure :i* x gave him z he conceiv$ & trac$ x1 & ! pleasure x n[ gives him to look at x4 ,to ano!r man :o sees ! b[l1 its =m & its decoration af=d likewise a d\ble pleasure3 !re is fir/ ! satisfaction ( s5ses & m9d 9 ! contemplation ( h>moni\s =m & rhy?mic patt]n2 & second1 !re is communicat$ to him a feel+ ( ! mak]'s delight 9 8 h&iwork1 & sympa!tically & imag9atively ! behold] realizes t delight 9 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,i am walk+ ) a fri5d along a road :i* climbs a wood$ hillside4 ,a few /eps br+ u to ! top & ! edge ( a cle>+4 ,!re1 sudd5ly a sweep ( c\ntry is roll$ out be=e u4 ,a quick intake ( ! brea?1 & !n ! cry1 ,ah6 ,consci\sness surges back ov] me1 & turn+ to my fri5d1 ,i exclaim1 ,see ! l9e ( ^? hills ov] !re across ! t5d] sky & ^? cl\ds tumbl+ above !m2 see h[ ! hills dip d[n into ! mead[s2 look at ! lovely gr\p ( will[s along ! bank ( ! riv]1 h[ graci\sly !y come 91 & !n t wa% ( purple light ov] ev]y?+6 ,my simple cry1 ,ah6 0 ! expression ( emotion1 ! unconsci\s1 involunt>y expression2 x 0 n art4 ,x did n =mulate my emotion def9itely1 & al?\gh x 0 an expression ( emotion1 x _h no p[] to communicate ! special quality ( x4 ,s soon1 h[ev]1 z ,i compos$ ! elem5ts 9 ! l&scape1 :i* /imulat$ my emotion1 into a di/9ct & coh]5t :ole & by means ( t ,i tri$ to convey to my fri5d some?+ ( :at ,i 0 feel+1 my expression t5d$ to become art4 ,my m$ium ( expression happ5$ to be words4 ,if ,i _h be5 alone & want$ to take home ) me a record ( my impression ( ! l&scape1 a p5cil-sket* ( ! little composition might h s]v$ to indicate ! s\rces ( my feel+ & to sugge/ its quality4 ,:e!r 9 words or 9 l9e & mass1 my "w w\ld be 9 a rudim5t>y =m a "w ( repres5tative art4 ,! objective fact ( ! l&scape :i* ,i po9t out to my fri5d engages 8 int]e/2 8 pleasure d]ives f ^? aspects ( x :i* my emotion emphasizes & :i* con/itute its beauty2 & some?+ ( ! same emotion t ,i felt he realizes 9 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,! impulse to expression :i* fulfills itself 9 a "w ( art is direct$ 9 g5]al by "o ( two motives1--! motive ( repres5tation & ! motive ( pure =m4 ,^! two motives are coexi/5t ) human activity itself4 ,! e>lie/ ve/iges ( prehi/oric races & ! rema9s ( ! remote/ civilizations are witnesses ( man's desire to imitate & record1 & also ( 8 pleasure 9 h>mony ( =m4 ,c]ta9 caves 9 ,france1 inhabit$ by man "s ?\s&s ( ye>s be=e hi/ory beg9s1 h yield$ up re9de] horns & bones1 c>v$ ) reliefs & engrav$ ) draw+s ( mammo?s1 re9de]1 & fi%4 ,on ! walls & ro(s ( ^! caves are pa9t+s 9 bright colors ( animals1 r5d]$ ) correctness & animation4 ,fl9t axes ( a /ill remot] epo* are c>v$ ) great dext]ity by means ( small *ips flak$ (f ! /one1 & %[ a regul>ity ( outl9e :i* te/ifies to ! delight ( primitive man 9 symmetry499 ,burial m\nds1 ( unkn[n antiquity1 & ! rude /one monum5ts su* z ,/oneh5ge & ! dolm5s ( ,brittany & ,wales1 em]g+ out ( prehi/oric dawns1 are evid5ce ( man's /riv+ aft] ar*itectural unity 9 design & h>mony ( proportion4 99 ,s4 ,re9a*1 ,! ,/ory ( ,art ?r\gh\t ! ,ages1 *apt] i4 ,! exi/5ce ( ^! two sep>ate motives :i* impel creation1 man's desire to imitate & 8 delight 9 h>mony1 gives rise to a division ( ! arts into two g5]al classes1 namely1 ! repres5tative arts & ! arts ( pure =m4 ,! repres5tative arts comprise pa9t+ & sculpture1 & lit]ature 9 its manife/ations ( ! drama1 fiction1 & dramatic & descriptive poetry4 ,^! arts draw _! subjects f nature & human life1 f ! _w ext]nal to ! arti/4 ,! arts ( =m comprise ar*itecture & music1 & t limitless range ( human activities 9 design & patt]n-mak+ = embelli%m5t--includ+ also ! :ole category ( useful arts--:i* may be subsum$ "u ! compreh5sive t]m decoration4 ,9 ^! arts ! subject is self-con/itut$ & does n d]ive its significance f its lik5ess to any object ext]nal to x2 ! =m itself is ! subject4 ,lyric poetry /&s midway betwe5 ! two classes4 ,x is ! expression ( inn] /ates b x ext]nalizes itself 9 t]ms ( ! out] _w4 ,x has a core ( ?\ght1 & x employs images f nature :i* c be visualiz$1 & x recalls s\nds ^: e*o c be wak5$ 9 imag9ative memory4 ,h>k6 h>k6 ! l>k at heav5's gate s+s1 ,& ,phoebus 'g9s arise1 ,8 /e$s to wat] at ^? spr+s ,on *alic$ fl[]s t lies2 ,& w9k+ ,m>y-buds beg9 ,to ope _! gold5 eyes2 ,) ev]y?+ t pretty b91 ,my lady sweet1 arise6 ,arise1 arise6 ,! intellectual & s5su\s elem5ts :i* lyric poetry embodies are f9ally subm]g$ "u ! waves ( emotional /imulus :i* fl[ f ! =m z =m4 ,su* poetry does n dep5d ^u ! fact ( repres5tation = its mean+2 ! v =m itself1 z 9 music1 is its m$ium ( communicat+ ! emotion4 ,art1 !re=e1 to phrase ! same matt] 9 slightly diff]5t t]ms1 has a subjective & an objective aspect4 ,9 ! "o case1 ! arti/ projects 8 feel+ into ! =ms :i* he himself creates2 9 ! o!r case1 ! =ms ext]nal to him1 z nature & human life1 inspire ! emotion1 & ^! ext]nal =ms ! arti/ reproduces1 ) ( c\rse ! necess>y modifications1 z ! symbol & means ( expression ( 8 emotion4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! repres5tative arts & ! arts ( =m is n ultimate1 nor does x exclude "o class :olly f ! o!r2 x def9es a g5]al t5d5cy & s]ves to m>k c]ta9 diff]5ces 9 orig9al motive & 9 ! way 9 :i* ! two k9ds ( "w may be receiv$ & appreciat$4 ,9 actual works ( art !mselves1 ?\gh !y diff] z to orig9 & function1 ! l9e ( division _c be %>ply drawn4 ,! dance may be an art ( =m or a repres5tative art accord+ z x embodies ! rhy?ms ( pure movem5t or z x num]ically figures =? dramatic ideas4 ,pa9t+1 z 9 ! frescoes ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel & ! wall pa9t+s ( ,t9toretto & ,v]onese 9 ! ,ducal ,palace ( ,v5ice1 may be employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( decoration4 ,decoration1 z 9 ar*itectural sculpture & 9 patt]ns = c>pets & wall-cov]+s1 (t5 draws its motives f nature1 su* z leaves1 fl[]s1 fruits1 & animals2 b :5 ! function ( ! "w is decorative & n repres5tative1 ! naturali/ic & graphic "* ( ! subject is subord9at$ to ! purposes ( ab/ract & =mal design4 ,a picture1 on ! o!r h&1 :i* is frankly repres5tative 9 purpose1 mu/ submit its composition & color-h>mony to ! requirem5ts ( unity 9 design2 9 a s5se x mu/ make a patt]n4 ,& a /atue1 z ! ,victory ( ,samo?race1 bases its ultimate appeal1 n ^u ! fact ( repres5tation1 b ^u complete1 rhy?mic1 beautiful =m4 ,to ! appreciator ! arts ( =m c>ry a tw(old significance4 ,!re is fir/ ! pleasure :i* d]ives f ! contemplation & reception ( a h>mony ( pure =m1 includ+ h>mony ( color1 ( l9e1 & ( flat design z well z =m 9 ! r\nd1 a pleasure ( ! s5ses & ! m9d4 ,second1 works ( art 9 ?is category1 z !y are ! expression = ! arti/ ( 8 emotion1 become !re=e ! manife/ation to ! appreciator & means ( communication ( t emotion4 ,man's delight 9 ord]1 9 unity1 9 h>mony1 rhy?m1 & balance1 is inborn4 ,! possession ( ^! qualities by an object con/itutes its =m4 ,=m1 9 ! s5se ( unity & totality ( relations1 is n to be conf\nd$ ) m]e regul>ity4 ,x may assume all degrees ( div]g5ce f geometric precision1 all degrees ( v>iety1 rang+ f ! visual p]fectness ( ! ,p>!non to ! sublime & triumphant inconsequ5ce ( ! sky-l9e ( ,new ,york city4 ,x may manife/ all degrees ( complexity f a cup to a ca!dral or f ,home1 ,sweet ,home to ,ts*aik[ski's ,pa!tic ,symphony4 ,:atev] ! elem5ts & ! incid5ts1 our s5se ( ord] 9 ! p>ts & ( s+l5ess ( impression end[s ! object ) its =m4 ,! =m z we appreh5d x ( an object con/itutes its beauty1 its capability to ar\se & to delight4 ,because ( ! ess5tial make-up ( man's m9d & _s1 p[]s t are innate & det]m9$ by =ces /ill beyond ! scope ( analysis1 ! p]ception ( a h>mony ( relations1 :i* is beauty1 is att5d$ ) pleasure1 a pleasure t is felt & _c be expla9$4 ,?is inborn1 inexplicable delight is at once ! orig9 ( ! arts ( =m & ! basis ( our appreciation4 ,ea* art1 z ! fa%ion+ ( objects ( use1 z decoration1 ar*itecture1 & music1 is gov]n$ by its own intr9sic1 inh]5t laws & re/s its appeal ^u man's pleasure 9 =m4 ,!re is no /&>d ext]nal to ! laws ( ! art itself by :i* to judge ! rightness & ! beauty ( ! individual "w4 ,9 ! arts ( use & 9 decoration & ar*itecture1 ! beauty ( a "w1 z ! beauty ( a *air1 z 9 ! ord]+ & appo9tm5ts ( a room1 z ! beauty ( a temple1 a !atre1 a dwell+1 d]ives prim>ily f ! fitness ( ! object to its function1 & f9ally f ! rhy?m ( its l9es & ! h>mony ( its masses & proportions1--its total =m4 ,a *air :i* _c be sat 9 may be int]e/+ & agreeable to look at1 b x is n truly beautiful2 = !n x is n a *air b a curiosity1 a bij\1 & a sup]fluity2 to be beautiful x mu/ be fir/ ( all frankly & practically a *air4 ,a liv+-room :i* _c be liv$ 9 ) com=t & re/fulness & peace ( m9d is n a liv+-room1 b a museum or a conc5trat$ dep>tm5t /ore2 at be/ x is only an inclos$ space4 ,a beautiful build+ decl>es its function & use1 satisfies u ) ! logic & coh]5ce ( its p>ts1 & delights u ) its retic5ce or its boldness1 its simplicity or its inv5tiv5ess1 9 f9e1 its p]sonality1 z express$ 9 its p>ts & _! conflu5ce into an ord]$1 self-conta9$1 & self-suffic+ :ole4 ,music1 us+ s\nd = its mat]ial1 is a patt]n-weav+ 9 tones4 ,! p[] ( music to satisfy & delight resides 9 ! s5su\s value ( its mat]ial & 9 ! "* ( its patt]n z =m1 ! balance & contra/ ( tonal relations1 ! fold+ & unfold+ ( !mes1 _! developm5t & progress to ! f9al compell+ unity-9-v>iety :i* con/itutes its =m & :i* 9 its own inh]5t & self-suffic+ way is made ! expression ( ! compos]'s emotion & musical idea4 ,lyric poetry is ! fitt+ ( rhy?mic1 melodi\s1 color$ words to ! emotion )91 to ! po9t :]e ! v =m itself becomes ! mean+1 & ! ess5ce & my/]y ( ! song are 9 ! s++4 ,beauty is h>mony mat]ializ$2 x is emotion ord]$ & made visible1 audible1 tangible4 ,if 9 ! arts ( =m we seek fur!r a /&>d ( tru?1 _! tru? is n f\nd 9 _! relation to any ext]nal v]ity1 b is det]m9$ by _! correspond5ce ) inn] exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! category ( ! arts ( =m ! s+le "w is to be receiv$ 9 its entirety & integrity z =m4 ,! :ole1 h[ev]1 may be resolv$ into its p>ts1 & ! individual details may be int]e/+ 9 !mselves4 ,?us into decorative patt]ns are introduc$ elem5ts ( mean+ :i* atta* !mselves to ! _w & exp]i5ce ext]nal to ! arti/4 ,_m ornam5tal motives1 l ! zigzag & ! egg-&-d>t1 = example1 _h orig9ally a symbolic value4 ,sometimes !y are drawn f primitive /ructures & fabrics1 z ! *eck]-bo>d patt]n1 ) its lik5ess to ! plait+s ( ru% matt+s1 & ! volute & spiral ornam5ts1 :i* recall ! curves & involutions ( wattle & wick] "w4 ,aga91 decoration may employ 9 its s]vice details t 9 !mselves are g5u9ely repres5tative art4 ,! frieze ( ! ,p>!non %[s 9 relief a procession ( m5 & wom5 & horses & *>iots & animals4 ,! sculptures ( ,go?ic *ur*es repres5t m5 & wom51 & ! c>v+s ( m\ld+s1 capitals1 & trac]ies are bas$ on naturali/ic motives1 tak+ _! designs f leaves & fl[]s4 ,! ess5tial function ( ornam5t is to emphasize =m & n to obscure x1 ?\gh n[adays 9 ma*9e-made ?+s a k9d ( pseudo-embelli%m5t is laid on to di/ract att5tion f ! badness & mean+lessness ( ! =m2 9 true decoration ! repres5tative elem5ts are subord9at$ to ! =mal "* ( ! :ole4 ,! repres5tative int]e/ may be enjoy$ sep>ately & 9 detail2 b f9ally ! graphic purpose yields to ! decorative1 & ! details take _! place z p>ts ( ! total design4 ,?us a ,go?ic ca!dral conveys its complete & true impression fir/ & la/ z =m4 ,midway we may set ourselves to a read+ ( ! details4 ,! figure ( ?is sa9t on ! jamb or ! ar*ivolt ( ! portal is expressive ( su* simple piety & en?usiasm6 ,9 ?is gr\p on ! tympanum :at animation & _s6 ,?is m\ld+ ( leaves & blossoms is cut ) su* lov+ fidelity & exquisite feel+ = natural tru?6 ,b at ! la/ ! sep>ate memb]s fulfill _! appo9t$ (fice z !y reveal ! supreme function ( ! liv+ total =m4 ,music1 too1 9 "s ( its manife/ations1 z 9 song1 ! op]a1 & programme music1 has a repres5tative & illu/rative "*4 ,9 ,*op9's ,fun]al ,m>* we he> ! toll+ ( *ur* bells1 & x is easy to visualize ! sl[1 /raggl+ file ( m\rn]s foll[+ ! bi]2 ! composition "h has a def9ite objective base drawn f ext]nal fact1 & ! idea is n exclusively musical1 b admits an infusion ( pictorial & lit]>y elem5ts4 ,9 li/5+ to ! love duet ( ! second act ( ,tri/an1 al?\gh ! lov]s are be=e u 9 actual pres5ce on ! /age1 ,i f9d myself involunt>ily clos+ my eyes1 = ! music is s p]sonal & s spiritualiz$1 x is 9 & ( itself s int5sely ! realization ( ! emotion1 t ! objective pres5tm5t ( x by ! actors becomes unnecess>y & is almo/ an intrusion4 ,! repres5tative1 figurative elem5t 9 music may be an add$ int]e/1 b its appeal is intellectual2 if z we he> ! ,fun]al ,m>*1 we say to ourselves1 ,?is is s & s1 &1 ,"h !y d ?is or t1 we are ?9k+ r ?an feel+4 ,music is ! imm$iate expression ( emotion communicat$ imm$iately2 & ! composition w n p]fectly satisfy unless x is music1 compell+ all relations ( melody1 h>mony1 & rhy?m into a supreme & triumphant ord]4 ,:]eas ! repres5tative arts are bas$ ^u objective fact1 draw+ _! subjects f nature & life ext]nal to ! arti/2 9 decoration1 9 ar*itecture1 & 9 music ! arti/ creates 8 own =ms z ! projection ( 8 emotion & ! means ( its expression4 ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 ref]r+ to ! composition ( 8 ,tri/an1 writes3 ,"h1 9 p]fect tru/fulness1 ,i plung$ into ! inn] dep? ( s\l ev5ts1 & f out ?is inmo/ c5tre ( ! _w ,i fe>lessly built up its out] =m4 4 4 4 ,life & dea?1 ! :ole import & exi/5ce ( ! out] _w1 "h hang on no?+ b ! inn] movem5ts ( ! s\l4 ,! :ole affect+ ,action comes ab\t = ! reason only t ! inmo/ s\l dem&s x1 & /eps to light ) ! v %ape =etok5$ 9 ! inn] %r9e4 ,! =m1 ?us self-con/itut$1 has ! p[] to delight u1 & ! "w is at ! same "t ! expression ( emotion4 ,! arts ( =m please u ) ! pleasure t att5ds ! p]ception ( =mal beauty2 b ?is pleasure docs n exhau/ _! capability to m9i/] to u4 ,:at diff]5tiates art f manufacture is ! elem5t ( p]sonal expression4 ,born out ( ne$1 :e!r ! ne$ be physical or spiritual1 fulfill+ ! urge to expression1 a "w ( art embodies its mak]'s delight 9 creat+4 ,correspond+ly1 beyond our imm$iate enjoym5t ( ! "w z =m1 we feel some?+ ( :at ! man felt :o 0 impell$ to create x4 ,8 h&iwork1 8 patt]n1 8 composition1 becomes ! means ( communicat+ to u 8 emotional exp]i5ce4 ,obvi\sly ! significance ( any "w is det]m9$ prim>ily by ! int5sity & scope ( emotion :i* has prompt$ x4 ,! creation ( works ( art involves all degrees ( int5tion1 f ! hut 9 ! wild]ness rudely ?r[n toge!r1 ^: purpose 0 %elt]1 to a ,go?ic ca!dral1 9 its multitud9\sness eloqu5t ( man's wor%ip & aspiration4 ,! man :o m\ld$ ! fir/ b[l1 adapt+ its =m z closely z possible to its use & %ap+ its proportions = 8 own pleasure to satisfy 8 s5se ( h>mony & rhy?m1 diff]s f ! build]s ( ! ,p>!non only 9 ! degree ( int5sity ( 8 inspir+ emotion & 9 ! measure ( 8 controll+ ?\ght4 ,! beauty ( accompli%$ =m ( ca!dral & ( temple is compell+2 & we may =get t !y rose out ( ne$4 ,bo? hut & b[l are imm$iately useful1 & _! beauty is n s evid5t1--t little t\* ( feel+ :i* wak5s a response 9 u4 ,b 9 _! adaptation to _! function !y become significant2 ! satisfaction :i* accompanies expression is communicat$ to u z we appreh5d 9 ! "w ! creator's int5tion & we realize 9 ourselves :at ! creation ( x meant to him z ! fulfillm5t ( 8 ne$ & ! utt]ance ( 8 emotion4 ,s ! expressive p[] ( an individual "w is condition$ orig9ally by ! am\nt ( feel+ t ent]s into ! mak+ ( x4 ,e phrase ( a ,bee?ov5 symphony is saturat$ ) emotion1 & ! "w leads u into dep?s & up to heights ( univ]sal exp]i5ce1 disclos+ to u tortu\s ways & inf9ite vi/as ( ! possibilities ( human feel+4 ,a simple e>!n jug may be> ! impress ( lov+ f+]s1 & ! crudely turn$ =m may be eloqu5t ( ! c>ess ( its mak]4 ,s we come to value ev5 9 ! humble/ objects ( use ?is autographic "*1 :i* is ! gate ( entrance into ! exp]i5ce ( ! m5 :o fa%ion$ !m4 ,e mak] /rives t[>d p]fection1 ! complete/ realization ( 8 ideal )9 8 p[] ( execution4 ,b ! v %ortcom+s ( 8 "w are significant z expressive ( :at he felt & 0 grop+ aft]2 !y are s significant t by a curi\s p]v]sion1 ma*9]y1 :i* 9 our civiliz$ day has supplant$ ! craftsman1 tries by me*anical means to reproduce ! r\ghness & suppos$ imp]fections ( h& "w4 ,music is ! consummate art1 9 :i* ! =m & ! cont5t are "o & inextricable2 its m$ium is ! pure/1 lea/ alloy$ means ( expression ( in/ant emotion4 ,ar*itecture1 9 its h>monies & rhy?ms1 ! ga!r+ up ( details into ! balanc$ & p]fect :ole1 p>takes ( ! nature ( music4 ,b ! arts ( use & decoration also h _! message = ! _s4 ,!re is no object fa%ion$ by ! h& ( man s humble t x may n embody a true ?\ght & a s9c]e delight4 ,!re is no patt]n or design s simple & s crude t x may n be ! ov]fl[ ( "s human _s1 a m9d & he>t t\*$ to expression4 ,,ix ,,repres5tation ,,be=e me is a little b[l ( old ,satsuma4 ,z ,i look at x !re wak5s 9 me a responsive rhy?m1 & involunt>ily my f+]s move z if to c>ess its suave & lovely l9es4 ,! ri* gold & m+l$ mell[ br[ns ( its surface patt]n intricately wov5 are a graci\s h>mony & a delight4 ,gradually1 z ,i cont9ue to look on x1 a feel+ is communicat$ to me ( ! mak]'s own joy 9 8 "w2 & ! b[l1 its h>monies & rhy?ms1 & all t x expresses1 become "p ( me4 ,!re x is1 complete 9 itself1 ga!r+ up & conta9+ )9 itself ! entire exp]i5ce4 ,my ?\ghts1 s5sations1 feel+s d n g beyond ! b[l4 ,ano!r "t ,i am /&+ 9 ! hall ( ! ,academy 9 ,flor5ce4 ,at ! end ( ! corridor t[]s a sup]b =m4 ,i see t x is ! figure ( a y\?4 ,8 left h& holds a sl+ drawn across 8 %\ld]2 8 "r arm hangs by 8 side1 8 h& grasp+ a pebble close to 8 ?igh2 calm & confid5t1 8 head erect1 8 /r5g? held 9 lea% wait+ to be loos$1 he fronts ! oncom+ ( ! foe4 ,! /atue is ! pres5tation ( noble =m1 & x wak5s 9 me an accordant rhy?m2 ,i feel 9 myself some?+ ( :at y\?ful c\rage1 life1 & consci\s p[] mean4 ,b my exp]i5ce does n /op !re4 ,! /atue is n only pres5tation b repres5tation4 ,x figures =? a y\?1 ,david1 ! ,hebrew %eph]d-boy1 & he /&s await+ ! ,phili/9e4 ,i h read 8 /ory1 ,i h my own m5tal image ( him1 & ab\t 8 p]sonality clu/] _m ?\ghts4 ,to :at ,mi*elangelo %[s me ,i add :at ,i already "k4 ,recognition1 memory1 k1 facts & ideas1 a :ole /ore ( associations alli$ ) my previ\s exp]i5ce1 m+le ) my in/ant emotion 9 its pres5ce4 ,! sculptor1 unlike ! pott]1 has n creat$ 8 own =m2 ! subject ( 8 "w exi/s outside ( him 9 nature4 ,he uses ! subject = 8 own ends1 b 9 8 treatm5t ( x he is b\nd by c]ta9 responsibilities to ext]nal tru?4 ,8 "w z x /&s is n completely self-conta9$1 b is l9k$ ) ! out] _w2 & my appreciation ( x is affect$ by ?is ref]5ce to extr9sic fact4 ,an arti/ is int]e/$ 9 "s sc5e 9 nature or a p]sonality or situation 9 human life2 x moves him4 ,z ! object ext]nal to him is ! /imulus ( 8 emotion & is associat$ ) x1 s he uses ! object z ! symbol ( 8 exp]i5ce & means ( expression ( 8 emotion4 ,"h1 !n1 ! feel+1 to express :i* ! "w is creat$1 ga!rs ab\t a subject1 :i* c be recogniz$ intellectually1 & ! fact ( ! subject is receiv$ z 9 a measure sep>ate f ! feel+ :i* fl[s f x4 ,9 a pa9t+ ( a l&scape1 we recognize z ! basis ( ! total exp]i5ce ! fact t x is a l&scape1 s mu* wat] & field & sky2 & !n we yield ourselves to ! beauty ( ! l&scape1 ! emotion ) :i* ! arti/ suffuses ! mat]ial objects & s transfigures !m4 ,into repres5tative art1 !re=e1 !re ent]s an elem5t n %>$ by ! arts ( pure =m1 ! elem5t ( ! subject1 c>ry+ ) x consid]ations ( objective tru? & ( lik5ess to ext]nal fact4 ,t[>d ! und]/&+ ( ! total scope ( a picture or a /atue1 & by inf]5ce & application ( ! pr9ciples1 t[>d ! und]/&+ ( lit]ature z well1 x may help u if we det]m9e ! relation ( beauty to tru? & ! function & value ( ! subject 9 repres5tative art4 ,! f9al significance ( a "w ( art is beauty1 receiv$ z emotional exp]i5ce4 ,nature becomes beautiful to u at ! po9t :]e x manife/s a h>mony to :i* we feel ourselves attun$4 ,at ! mom5t ( enjoym5t we unconsci\sly project our p]sonality into ?is h>mony outside ( u1 id5tify+ ourselves ) x & f9d+ x at t in/ant ! expression ( some?+ t[>d :i* we rea* & aspire4 ,:5 we come consci\sly to reason ab\t our exp]i5ce1 we see t ! h>mony ext]nal to u :i* we feel z ! ext5sion ( ourselves does n /op ) ! actual mat]ial itself ( nature1 b emanates f x z ! expression ( nature's _s4 ,! h>mony is a h>mony ( relations1 made visible ?r\gh mat]ial1 & significant to u & beautiful 9 ! measure t we respond to x4 ,x is ! beauty ( ! object1 its significance = ! _s1 t prim>ily moves ! arti/ to expression4 ,:y "o l&scape & n ano!r impels him to r5d] x ^u 8 canvas is n to be expla9$4 ,?is impulse to imm$iate & concrete utt]ance is inspiration4 ,& inspiration w\ld seem to be a conflu5ce ( =ces outside ( ! individual consci\sness or w1 focus$ at ! in/ant into desire1 :i* becomes ! urge to creation4 ,! m9d 9 creation1 says ,%elley1 is z a fad+ coal1 :i* "s invisible influ5ce1 l an incon/ant w9d1 awak5s to transitory brightness2 ?is p[] rises f )91 l ! col\r ( a fl[] :i* fades & *anges z x is develop$1 & ! consci\s portions ( our natures are unprophetic ei!r ( its approa* or its dep>ture4 ,! arti/ does n say1 ,lo1 ,i w pa9t a l&scape2 let me f9d my subject6 ,! subject pres5ts itself4 ,!re x is1 by *ance almo/1--a sudd5 h>mony be=e him1 long l[ mead[s /ret*+ away to ! d>k hills1 ! late sun /rik+ on ! wat]1 gold & gre5 melt+ into a suffus+ flu% ( purple light1 a h>mony ( color & l9e & mass :i* 8 _s leaps out to meet & ) :i* x fuses 9 a l>g] unity4 ,9 ! mom5t ( contact all consci\sness ( self z a sep>ate individuality is lo/4 ,out ( ! union ( ! two pr9ciples1 ! _s ( man & ! beauty ( ! object1 is born ! idea1 :i* is to come to expression z a "w ( art4 ,b ! arti/ is a m9d z well z a temp]am5t4 ,exp]i5ce is a sw+ ( ! p5dulum betwe5 ! mom5t>y ec/asy ( imm$iate contact & ! subsequ5t reaction ^u ! mom5t1 :i* is consci\sness ( x4 ,9 ord] to make 8 vision actual1 ! arti/ rises out ( ! doma9 ( feel+ into t ( ?\ght4 ,! l&scape has compell$ him2 x is n[ he :o mu/ compel ! l&scape4 ,to ! %ap+ ( 8 "w he mu/ br+ to be> all 8 consci\s p[] ( selection & organization & all 8 k ( ! capabilities & res\rces ( 8 means4 ,art spr+s out ( emotion2 pa9t+ is a sci5ce4 ,! arti/'s comm& ( 8 subject z ! symbol ( 8 idea d]ives f ! /]n & vigor\s ex]cise ( m9d4 ,! rightness ( 8 composition is det]m9$ by a logic m flexible1 p]haps1 b no less exact+ ?an ! laws ( geometry4 ,by ! fl[ ( 8 l9e & ! disposition ( 8 masses1 ! arti/ mu/ c>ry ! eye ( ! behold] along ! way he wants x to travel until x re/s ^u ! po9t :]e he wants x to re/4 ,!re mu/ be no leaks & no false directions2 !re mu/ be ! cosmos )9 ! frame & no?+ outside ( x4 ,! pr9ciples ( p]spective h be5 work$ out ) a precision t entitles !m to rank z a sci5ce4 ,color has its laws1 :i*1 aga91 sci5ce is able to =mulate4 ,^! processes & =mulas & laws are n ! :ole ( art1 b !y h _! place4 ,! p[] to feel1 ! imag9ative vision1 & creative insight are n to be expla9$4 ,b k too1 acquir$ le>n+ & skill1 plays its "p1 & to recognize its function & s]vice is to be help$ to a full] und]/&+ ( ! a*ievem5t ( ! arti/4 ,gift$ ) a vibrant1 s5sitive temp]am5t1 end[$ ) discrim9at+ & organiz+ p[] ( m9d1 equipp$ ) a k ( ! sci5ce & ! me*anics ( 8 craft1 & tra9$ to skill 9 manual execution1 ! arti/ responds to ! impulse ( 8 inspiration4 ,8 subject is be=e him4 ,b :at is 8 subject8 ,a sc5e 9 nature furni%es him ! objective base ( 8 picture1 b prop]ly 8 "w is ! expression ( :at he feels4 ,a /orm may convey to diff]5t m5 entirely diff]5t impressions4 ,9 its pres5ce "o man may feel himself ov]:elm$ ) t]ror4 ,^! wild1 black skies pil+ 9 ^u him1 ! hilltops t seem to race ?r\gh ! cl\ds1 ! sway+1 snapp+ trees1 ! e>? caught up 9 ! mad grasp ( ! tempe/1 may smite 8 s\l ) ! pitilessness ( nature & h] inexorable bl9d p[]4 ,ano!r ?rills ) joy 9 ?is cosmic /ruggle1 ! joy ( conflict :i* he has kn[n 9 8 own life1 ! meet+ ( equal =ces 9 fair fight1 :]e ! issue is /ill d\btful & victory w fall at la/ ^u ! /rong1 ?\gh x is n ! f9al triumph b ! pres5t /ruggle t makes ! joy4 ,9 r5d]+ ! subject ^u 8 canvas1 by ! manipulation ( composition & l9e & mass & color1 he makes ! /orm om9\s & t]rible1 or glori\s1 accord+ z he feels4 ,! import ( 8 picture is n ! natural fact ( ! /orm itself1 b its significance = ! emotions4 ,a "w ( repres5tative art is ! r5d]+ ( a unity ( impression & h>mony ( relations :i* ! arti/ has p]ceiv$ & to :i* he has ?rill$ 9 ! _w ext]nal to him4 ,he pres5ts n ! facts !mselves b _! _s1 t some?+ :i* end[s ! facts ) _! significance & _! p[] to /ir him4 ,z ! mean+ ( nature to ! behold] is det]m9$ by ! effect x produces on 8 m9d & temp]am5t1 s ! arti/1 9 ! expression ( ?is mean+1 aims less at a /atem5t ( objective accuracy ( ext]ior appe>ance ?an at produc+ a c]ta9 effect1 ! effect :i* is ! equival5t ( ! mean+ ( nature to him4 ,?us ! pa9t] :o sees beyond ! m]ely intellectual & s5su\s appeal ( 8 subject & ent]s into its _s1 tries to r5d] on 8 canvas1 n ! actual color ( nature1 b ! s5sation ( color & its value = ! emotions4 ,) ! mat]ial spl5dor ( nature1--h] inexhau/ible lavi% weal? ( color1 ! glory ( life :i* ?robs ?r\gh creation1 ! my/]y ( actual movem5t1--art _c compete4 ,= ! hues & tones ( nature1 inf9ite 9 numb] & subtlety1 ! pa9t] has only ! few notes )9 ! poor gamut ( 8 palette4 ,h[ c he quick5 8 dull pa9t ) ! life-beat ( palpitat+ fle%1 or ! sculptor animate ! rigid m>ble ) ! vibrations ( vivid motion8 ,b :]e nature is inf9ite 9 h] range %e is also scatt]+ 9 h] effects4 ,by ! conc5tration ( div]g5t =ces1 art ga9s 9 int5sity & directness ( impression :at x sacrifices 9 ! scope ( its mat]ial4 ,mi*elangelo uses z 8 subject ,david1 ! %eph]d-boy2 b ! p]son1 ! m]e "n1 does n signify4 ,:at 8 "w embodies is triumphant y\?1 made visible & communicable4 ,:5 ,millet %[s u ! peasant1 x is n :at ! peasant is feel+ t ! arti/ repres5ts1 b :at ,millet felt ab\t him4 ,! same l&scape w be r5d]$ diff]5tly by diff]5t m54 ,ea* selects 8 details accord+ to ! int]e/ ( 8 eye & m9d & feel+1 & he br+s !m into a dom9ant h>mony :i* /&s to him = ! mean+ ( ! l&scape4 ,none ( ! pictures is an accurate /atem5t ( ! facts z !y are1 (f !re 9 nature2 all are true to ! integrat+ inn] vision4 ,! sup]ficial obs]v] sees only ! accid5ts1 & he does n di/+ui% relative importance4 ,! arti/1 ) quick] s5sibilities & a tra9$ m9d1 analyzes1 discov]s ! und]ly+ pr9ciple1 & !n makes a syn!sis :i* embodies only ! ess5tial2 he seizes ! di/9ctive aspect ( ! object & makes x sali5t4 ,!re may be1 ( c\rse1 purely descriptive repres5tation1 :i* is a fai?ful record ( ! facts ( appe>ance z ! pa9t] sees !m1 )\t any feel+ t[>d !m2 "h he works z a sci5ti/1 n z an arti/4 ,m]ely imitative pa9t+ falls %ort ( arti/ic significance1 = x embodies no mean+ beyond ! ext]nal fact4 ,x is ! expressiv5ess ( ! object t ! true arti/ c>es to repres5t2 x is its expressiv5ess1 its value = ! emotions1 t con/itutes its beauty4 ,to a*ieve beauty ! repres5tative arti/ bases 8 "w ^u ! tru? ( nature4 ,x is nature t supplies him ) 8 motive1--"s glimpse1 "s fragm5t1 :i* reveals )9 itself a h>mony4 ,x may be a =m1 z a tree1 a man1 a m\nta9 range1 ! race ( cl\ds across ! sky2 x may be a color-h>mony or arrangem5t1 9 :i* color r ?an =m is ! dom9ant int]e/1 z ) a l&scape or an int]ior2 x may be ! effects ( light1 z ! sun%9e play+ ov] gold5 hay/acks1 or ! gl9t ( light on metal1 or ! %e5 ( lovely fabrics4 ,out ( ! complex ( int]e/s & appeals :i* an object (f]s1 :at is ! tru? ( ! object8 ,! tru? ( nature resides n 9 ! accid5ts ( surface b 9 ! ess5tial relations1 ( :i* ! surface is ! manife/ation4 ,a bir* tree & an apple tree are gr[+ side by side4 ,_! roots /rike d[n into ! same soil1 _! bran*es are w>m$ by ! same sun1 wet by ! same ra9s1 & swept by ! same w9ds4 ,! bir* tree is always li! & graci\s & fem99e2 ! apple tree is always b5t & /]nly gn>l$ l ! h& ( an old man4 ,! life-=ce :i* impels ! tree to gr[? is di/9ctive to ea* k9d4 ,)9 all natural objects1 !n1 a cry/al1 a tree1 a man1 !re is a %ap+ pr9ciple :i* det]m9es _! ess5tial =m4 ,b no two individual apple trees are precisely alike2 f ! ess5tial =m ( ! tree !re are div]g5ces 9 ! s+le manife/ations4 ,?\gh subject to accid5t & v>iation1 h[ev]1 e tree exhibits a *>act]i/ic1 inviolate t5d5cy1 & rema9s true to ! inn] life-pr9ciple ( its be+4 ,! tru? ( ! apple tree is ?is di/9ctive1 ess5tial =m1 by virtue ( :i* x is an apple tree & n "s o!r k9d1 ! =m :i* und]lies & all[s = all individual v>iations4 ,:at ! pa9t] r5d]s on 8 canvas is n ! sup]ficial accid5ts ( "s s+le tree1 b by means ( t1 he seeks to image =? 9 color & =m ! t5d5cy ( all trees4 ,! tru? ( an object pres5ts itself to ! imag9ation z design1 = ?is organic1 %ap+ pr9ciple ( ?+s1 express$ 9 color$ myriad =ms ?r\gh\t ! endless pageantry ( nature1 is appreh5d$ by ! _s ( man z a h>mony2 & 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ! arti/ tru? id5tifies itself ) beauty4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! accid5tal surface ( ?+s & ! significance t may be drawn out ( !m is exemplifi$ by ! diff]5ce betwe5 accuracy & tru? 9 repres5tation4 ,accurate draw+ is ! fai?ful record ( ! facts ( appe>ance z (f]$ to ! eye4 ,tru? ( draw+ is ! r5d]+ 9 visible t]ms ( ! mean+ & _s ( ! object1 ! =m :i* ! object takes n simply = ! eye b = ! m9d4 ,a p5cil sket* by ,millet %[s a man c>ry+ 9 ea* h& a pail ( wat]4 ,! arms are drawn inaccurately1 9 t !y are made too long4 ,:at ,millet want$ to express1 h[ev]1 0 n ! physical %ape ( ! arms1 b ! feel+ ( ! burd5 "u :i* ! man 0 b5d+2 & by l5g!n+ ! arms he has succe$$ 9 convey+1 z m]e accuracy c\ld n express x1 ! s5sation ( weight & muscul> /ra94 ,9 ,hals' picture ( ! ,je/] ! left h& is sket*$ 9 ) a few swift /rokes ( ! bru%4 ,b s1 x keeps its place 9 relation to ! :ole2 & x is m ne>ly "r ?an if x _h be5 made ! c5tre ( att5tion & _h be5 drawn ) ! mo/ meticul\s precision4 ,! h& is n accurate1 b x is true4 ,simil>ly1 size is an affair n ( physical ext5t b ( proportion4 ,a figure six in*es high may convey ! same value z a figure six feet high1 if ! same proportions are obs]v$4 ,a /atue is ! pres5tation1 n ( ! human body1 b ( ! human =m1 & m ?an t1 ( :at ! =m expresses4 ,:5 ,i am talk+ ) my fri5d ,i am aw>e ( 8 physical pres5ce deta*+ itself f ! backgr\nd ( ! room 9 :i* we are4 ,b ,i feel 9 him some?+ m4 ,& t some?+ m goes beh9d ! details ( 8 physical aspect4 ,8 eyes might be blue in/ead ( br[n1 8 nose crook$ r ?an /raight2 he might be maim$ & disfigur$ by "s mi%ap4 ,^! accid5ts w\ld n *ange = me :at is ! reality4 ,my fri5d is n 8 body1 ?\gh x is by 8 body t he exi/s2 ! reality ( my fri5d is :at he ess5tially is1 :at he is ( ! _s4 ,a photograph ( a man regi/]s c]ta9 facts ( 8 appe>ance at t mom5t4 ,! eye & ! m9d ( ! arti/ disc]n ! tru? :i* und]lies ! surface2 ! arti/ feels 8 sitt] n z a face & a figure1 a m]e body1 b z a p]sonality2 & ! portrait expresses a man4 ,z grasp$ by our f9ite m9ds1 !re are p>tial tru?s & degrees ( tru?4 ,!re are1 = example1 ! facts ( out] appe>ance1 modifi$ 9 our reception ( !m by :at we "k z di/9ct f :at we really see4 ,?us a tree aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( hill or sky seems to h a great] projection & relief ?an is actually pres5t$ to ! eye1 because we "k ! tree is r\nd4 ,manet's ,girl ) a ,p>rot1 :i* appe>s to ! ord9>y man to be too flat1 is m true to reality ?an any portrait t seems to come out ( its frame4 ,habitually 9 our obs]vation ( objects ab\t u1 we note only s mu* z s]ves our practical ends2 & ?is is ! mo/ sup]ficial1 lea/ ess5tial aspect4 ,projection is a p>tial tru?1 & to x _m pa9t]s sacrifice o!r & high] tru?s4 ,manet1 recov]+ ! innoc5ce ( ! eye & fai?ful to x1 has p5etrat$ ! secrets & won ! tru? ( light4 ,botticelli saw ! _w z sonor\s undulations ( exquisite l9e2 & 8 subtly implicat$1 evanesc5t patt]ns ( l9e movem5t1 incorrect z !y may be sup]ficially 9 draw+1 c>ess ! eye z music f9ds & satisfies ! s\l4 ,:5 su* is 8 p[] ov] u1 x is difficult to say t ,botticelli _h n "s measure ( ! tru?4 ,! _w ( ! ,v5etians sang full-s\nd+ h>monies ( glori\s color4 ,velasquez saw ev]y?+ lav$ ar\nd ) a flood ( silv] quiet atmosph]e4 ,all 9 _! own way h f\nd & %[n to u a tru?4 ,to r5d] :at he has se5 & felt 9 ! ess5ce & mean+ ( x1 ! arti/ seeks to dis5gage ! %ap+ pr9ciple ( ! p>ticul> aspect ( tru?1 :i* has impress$ him1 f all accid5ts 9 its manife/ation4 ,to make ?is dom9ant "* sali5t beyond irrelevant circum/ance1 art works by selection4 ,art is necess>ily a compromise4 ,x isolates "s elem5ts & sacrifices o!rs2 b x is none ! less true on t acc\nt4 ,! m]e mat]ial ( ! object is m or less fix$1 b ! relations :i* ! object embodies are capable ( _m comb9ations & adju/m5ts1 accord+ to ! m9d & temp]am5t ( ! individual arti/ :o is mov$ by x4 ,all art is 9 a c]ta9 s5se ab/raction2 all art 9 a measure idealizes4 ,x is ab/raction 9 ! s5se t x pres5ts ! intr9sic & di/9ctive qualities ( ?+s1 purg$ ( accid5t4 ,art does n compete ) nature2 x is a /atem5t ( ! _s & int5tion ( nature 9 ! arti/'s own t]ms4 ,! te/ ( ! "w is n app>5t & sup]ficial lik5ess1 b tru?4 ,art idealizes 9 ! measure t x dis5gages ! tru?4 ,9 ?is aspect ( x ! "w is ideal z di/9ct f m]ely actual4 ,!re is a practice 9 art :i* draws its /&>d ( beauty1 its ideal1 n f nature b f o!r art1 & :i* seeks to improve nature by ! comb9ation ( arbitr>ily *os5 elem5ts & by ! modification ( natural tru? to fit a preconceiv$ =mula4 ,! ,eclectics ( ,bologna1 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 s\ght to comb9e ,raphael's p]fection ( draw+ & composition1 ,mi*elangelo's sublimity & 8 ma/]y ( ! figure1 & ,correggio's sweet s5tim5t & 8 supremacy 9 ! r5d]+ ( light & %ade1 fondly suppos+ ?us t ! sum ( excell5t p>ts is equival5t to an excell5ce ( ! :ole4 ,?is is false idealism4 ,! ,greeks c>ri$ _! rese>* = c]ta9 tru?s ( ! human =m to ! po9t ( p]fection & complete realization4 ,! tru? ( ! ,greeks 0 mi/ak5 by ! pseudo-classici/s & misappli$4 ,?us ,delacroix exclaim$ ironically1 ,9 ord] to pres5t an ideal head ( a negro1 our tea*]s make him resemble z f> z possible ! pr(ile ( ,ant9u1 & !n say1 ',we h done our utmo/2 if1 nev]!less1 we fail to make ! negro beautiful1 !n we ought n to introduce into our pictures su* a freak ( nature1 ! squat nose & ?ick lips1 :i* are s un5durable to ! eyes4' ,true idealism treats ev]y?+ aft] its own k9d1 mak+ x m int5sely itself ?an x is 9 ! play ( nature2 ! a?lete is m h]oically an a?lete1 ! negro m vividly a negro4 ,true idealism seeks to express ! t5d5cy by virtue ( :i* an object is :at x is4 ,! ab/raction :i* art effects is n an unreality b a high] reality4 ,x is n ! m]e type1 t art pres5ts1 = ! type z su* does n exi/ 9 nature4 ,! individual is n lo/ b affirm$ by ?is ref]5ce to ! inn] pr9ciple ( its be+4 ,a good portrait has 9 x an elem5t ( c>icature2 ! diff]5ce betwe5 portraiture & c>icature is ! diff]5ce betwe5 emphasis & exagg]ation4 ,art is n ! falsification ( nature1 b ! full] realization ( x4 ,x is ! int]pretation ( nature's tru?1 ! translation ( x1 div9$ by ! arti/1 into simpl] t]ms to be read & und]/ood by ^? ( less orig9al insight4 ,! deep] ! p5etration into ! life-=ce & %ap+ pr9ciple ( nature1 ! great] is ! measure ( tru?4 ,9 repres5tative art ! tru? ( nature is ! "w's objective base4 ,:at ! arti/ f9ally expresses is ! relation ( ! object to 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,a "w ( art is ! /atem5t ( ! arti/'s insight into nature1 m\ld$ & suffus$ by ! emotion att5d+ 8 p]ception4 ,( ! object1 he uses t aspect & t degree ( tru? :i* s]ve him = ! expression ( 8 feel+ t[>d x4 ,:at is call$ realism is "o ord] ( tru?1 "o way ( see+4 ,impressionism is ano!r ord] ( tru?4 ,idealism is /ill ano!r4 ,b all ?ree elem5ts bl5d 9 v>y+ proportion 9 any "w4 ,ev5 ! reali/1 :o pa9ts :at he sees1 has 8 ideal1 :i* is ! effect he sets himself to produce by 8 picture1 & he pa9ts accord+ to 8 impression4 ,he r5d]s n ! object itself b 8 m5tal image ( x2 & t image is ! result ( 8 way ( see+ & feel+1 8 habit ( m9d1 8 int]e/1 & 8 /ore ( memories4 ,! ideali/ mu/ base 8 "w ^u "s k9d ( reality1 or x is a mon/rosity2 he is oblig$ to ref] to ! ext]nal _w = 8 symbols4 ,! impressioni/1 :o conc]ns himself ) ! play ( light ov] surfaces 9 nature1 is seek+ = tru?1 & he c>es to pa9t at all because t play ( light1 seem+ly s mom5t>y & s m]ely s5su\s1 has a value = 8 _s ( :i* he may or may n be :olly consci\s2 & ^! %ift+ effects are ! realization ( 8 ideal4 ,unwitt+ at ! mom5t ( contact itself ( ! significance t aft]w>ds is to fl[ articulately f 8 "w1 ! arti/1 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 object1 kn[s only t he is impell$ to r5d] x4 ,z fai?fully z possible he tries to record :at he sees1 consci\s simply t :at he sees gives him delight4 ,8 vision wak5s 8 feel+1 & !n by reaction 8 feel+ det]m9es 8 vision1 controll+ & direct+ 8 selection ( ! details ( aspect4 ,:5 ,velasquez1 engag$ on a portrait ( ! k+1 saw ! maids ( honor graci\sly att5d+ on ! little pr9cess1 he did n set ab\t produc+ a picture1 z an end 9 itself4 ,9 ! relation ( ^! figures to "o ano!r & to ! backgr\nd ( ! deep & high-vault$ *amb] 9 :i* !y 7 /&+1 ea* object & plane ( di/ance receiv+ its j am\nt ( light & fus+ 9 ! unity ( total impression1 7 reveal$ to him ! wond] & ! my/]y ( nature's magic ( light4 ,?is is :at he tri$ to r5d]4 ,8 revelation ( natural tru?1 wrung f nature's inmo/ lat5cies & %[n to u triumphantly1 becomes a ?+ ( beauty4 ,s ! diff]5ces among ! v>i\s s*ools 9 art are aft] all l>gely diff]5ces ( emphasis4 ,! *oice ( subject or motive1 ! angle f :i* x is view$1 & ! me?od ( h&l+1 all are det]m9$ by ! arti/'s k9d ( int]e/2 & t int]e/ results f :at ! man is ess5tially by inh]itance & individual "*1 & :at he is m\ld$ into by environm5t1 tra9+1 & exp]i5ce4 ,x may happ5 t ! ext]nal object imposes itself 9 its integrity ^u ! arti/'s m9d & temp]am5t1 & he tries to express x1 color$ inevitably by 8 feel+ t[>d x1 9 all fai?fulness to ! feet z he sees x4 ,millet said1 ,i %\ld nev] pa9t any?+ t 0 n ! result ( an impression receiv$ f ! aspect ( nature1 :e!r 9 l&scape or figures4 ,millet pa9t$ :at he saw1 b he pa9t$ x z only he saw x4 ,or aga9 x happ5s t an arti/ imposes 8 feel+ ^u nature4 ,?us ,burne-,jones said1 ,i mean by a picture a beautiful romantic dream ( some?+ t nev] 01 nev] w be--9 a light bett] ?an any t ev] %one--9 a l& no "o c def9e or rememb]1 only desire4 ,:e!r true to nature or true to ! creative inn] vision1 ! "w ( bo? m5 embodies tru?4 ,sometimes an arti/ effaces entirely 8 own individuality1 z 9 ,greek sculpture & ,go?ic ar*itecture1 & ! m]e "n ( ! creator does n signify4 ,george ,fr$]ick ,watts is report$ to h said1 ,if ,i 7 ask$ to *oose :e!r ,i w\ld l to d some?+ good1 z ! _w judges popul> art1 & receive p]sonally great cr$it = x1 or1 z an alt]native1 to produce some?+ :i* %\ld rank ) ! v be/1 tak+ a place ) ! art ( ,pheidias or ,titian1 ) ! highe/ poetry & ! mo/ elevat+ music1 & rema9 unkn[n z ! p]petrator ( ! "w1 ,i %\ld *oose ! latt]4 ,sidney ,lani] wrote1 ,x is ( little consequ5ce :e!r ,i fail2 ! ,i 9 ! matt] is small bus9ess4 4 4 4 ,let my "n p]i%1--! poetry is good poetry & ! music is good music1 & beauty die? n1 & ! he>t t ne$s x w f9d x4 ,or on ! contr>y1 a "w may be> dom9antly1 ev5 aggressively1 ! impress ( ! di/9ctive individuality ( its creator1 z ) ,c>lyle's prose & ,br[n+'s poetry4 ,:i/l] seems at times to delight less 9 ! beauty ( 8 subject ?an 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 own p[] ( ref9em5t4 ,:]e ano!r man's art is p]sonal1 z ) ,velasquez or ,frans ,hals1 ,:i/l]'s art becomes egoti/ical4 ,he does n say1 ,lo1 h[ my/]i\s is ?is dusk riv]-side1 h[ t5d]ly s]5e ?is "m1 h[ wi/ful & mighty is ?is prophet-se]6 ,he exclaims r1 ,note h[ subtly ,i1 ,:i/l]1 h se54 ,rejoice ) me 9 my p[]s ( vision & ( execution4 ,!re is no s+le me?od ( see+1 no "o =mula ( expression & h&l+4 ,! tru? bo? ( nature & ( art is great & inf9itely v>i\s4 ,= art1 l nature1 is organic1 all[+ = endless modifications1 :ile rema9+ true to ! inn] pr9ciple ( its be+4 ,! judgm5t ( tru? is a delicate bus9ess4 ,to te/ ! tru? ( a "w ( art by ref]5ce to ! tru? ( nature is to presuppose t our p[] ( p]ception is equal to ! arti/'s p[]1 & t our k ( ! object repres5t$ is equal to 8 k ( x4 ,! ord9>y man's habitual contact ) ! _w is practical1 & 8 k ( natural fact1 bas$ ^u ! mo/ sup]ficial aspect ( x & us$ = practical purposes1 t5ds to falsify 8 vision4 ,! arti/'s contact ) ! _w1 9 8 capacity z arti/1 is "o ( feel+2 he values life1 n = its mat]ial rew>ds & satisfactions1 b = :at x br+s to him ( emotional exp]i5ce4 ,! ord9>y man uses nature = 8 own workaday ends4 ,! arti/ loves nature1 & ?r\gh 8 love he und]/&s h]4 ,8 k ( natural fact1 in/ead ( falsify+ 8 vision1 re9=ces x4 ,he /udies ! work+s ( nature's laws z manife/$ 9 concrete ph5om5a ar\nd him1--! movem5t ( /orms1 ! gr[? ( trees1 ! effects ( light1--p5etrat+ _! inmo/ secrets1 t he may make !m m effici5t in/rum5ts ( expression4 ,he uses 8 und]/&+ ( anatomy1 ( e>?-/ructure1 ( ! laws ( color1 z ! means to a full] & ju/] int]pretation4 ,z he receives ! tru? ( nature ) rev]5ce & joy1 s he transmutes tru? into beauty4 ,an arti/'s int]e/ 9 ! tru? ( nature is n ! sci5ti/'s int]e/1 an intellectual conc]n ) k = ! sake ( k4 ,! arti/ receives nature's revelation ( h]self ) emotion4 ,! deep] he p5etrates into h] hidd5 ways1 ! great] becomes h] p[] to /ir him4 ,! arti/ values 8 subject1 !re=e1 z ! /imulus ( emotion & z ! symbol by means ( :i* he expresses 8 emotion & communicates x4 ,! value ( ! subject to ! appreciator1 h[ev]1 is n imm$iately cle>4 ,x is n easy = u to receive ! subject purely z ! arti/ %[s x to u & indep5d5tly ( our own k ( x4 ,ab\t x already ga!r innum]able associations1 physical1 practical1 intellectual1 s5tim5tal1 & emotional1 all ( !m or any ( !m1 :i* result f our previ\s contact ) x 9 actual life4 ,"h is a portrait ( ,c>lyle4 ,i _c help reg>d+ ! picture fir/ ( all f ! po9t ( view ( its lik5ess to ! orig9al4 ,?is is a p]son ) :om ,i am acqua9t$1 an individual1 by "n ,c>lyle4 ,& my reaction on ! picture is det]m9$1 n by :at ! arti/ has to say ab\t a great p]sonality int]pret$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( color & =m1 b by :at ,i already "k ab\t ,c>lyle4 ,or "h a pa9t+ %[s me a l&scape ) :i* ,i am famili>4 ,!n in/ead ( try+ to discov] 9 ! picture :at ! arti/ has se5 9 ! l&scape & felt 9 its pres5ce1 lett+ x speak to me 9 its own language1 ,i all[ my ?\ghts to w&] f ! canvas1 & ,i enjoy ! l&scape 9 t]ms ( my own k & remembrance ( x4 ,! arti/'s "w becomes simply a po9t ( dep>ture1 :]eas x %\ld be n only ! beg9n+ b also ! end & fulfillm5t ( ! complete exp]i5ce4 ,:at is1 !n1 we may ask1 ! relation ( ! fact ( ! subject to ! beauty & f9al message ( ! "w8 ,! pleasure :i* att5ds ! recognition ( ! subject is a legitimate elem5t 9 our enjoym5t ( art4 ,b ! "w %\ld yield a delight beyond our orig9al delight 9 ! subject z x exi/s 9 nature4 ,! significance ( a "w ( repres5tative art dep5ds n ^u ! subject 9 & ( itself1 b ^u :at ! arti/ has to say ab\t x4 ,a rose may be made to reveal ! cosmos2 a m\nta9 range or cl\d-swept spaces ( ! upp] air may be niggl$ into meanness4 ,! ugly 9 practical life may be transfigur$ by ! arti/'s t\* into supreme beauty4 ,il faut p\voir faire s]vir le trivial l'expression du sublime1 c'e/ la vraie =ce1 said "o :o 0 able to inve/ a humble figure ) augu/ dignity4 ,millet's peasants reveal m ( godlike maje/y ?an all ! array ( p]sonages 9 ! pan!on ( po/-,raphaelite ,italy & ! classic s*ool ( ,france4 ,^u 8 subject ! arti/ bases t h>mony ( relations :i* con/itutes ! beauty & significance ( 8 "w4 ,br\ght ?us into a h>mony1 ! object repres5t$ is made m vivid1 m int5sely itself1 ?an x is 9 nature1 ) ! result t we receive f ! repres5tation a height5$ s5se ( reality & ( ext5d$ p]sonality4 ,! importance ( ! subject1 !re=e1 is measur$ by ! opportunity x af=ds ! arti/1 & ) him 8 appreciators1 to %>e 9 ! beauty ( nature & life4 ,a picture %\ld n /&\t f its frame1 b %\ld g back into x1 rea*+ ev5 into inf9ity4 ,our own associations atta*+ to ! subject lose !mselves z !y bl5d ) ! arti/'s revelation ( ! full] beauty ( 8 object2 & f9ally all becomes m]g$ 9 ! emotional exp]i5ce4 ,elim9at+ ! transi5t & accid5tal1 a "w ( art pres5ts ! ess5tial & et]nal4 ,art appeals n to ! intellect & ! reason1 b to ! imag9ation & ! emotions4 ,! s+le "w1 !re=e1 is concrete & imm$iate4 ,b univ]sal 9 its scope1 x transc5ds ! p>ticul>ities ( limit$ place & individual "n4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ! ab/ractly typical & ! univ]sal4 ,! repres5tative arti/ does n conceive an ab/raction & !n seek to f9d a symbol = x4 ,t is ! me?od ( allegory1 :]e spr+1 = example1 is figur$ z a "y woman scatt]+ fl[]s4 ,allegory is decorative r ?an repres5tative 9 int5tion4 ,! arti/ receives 8 inspiration & /imulus f "s actual concrete bit ( nature1 a woodl& wrapt 9 t5d] mi/s ( gre51 a mead[ gold & s(tly :ite ) blossoms1 a %imm]+ gauze ( sun t\*$ air1 moi/ & vibrat+1 enfold+ x4 ,t is :at he pa9ts4 ,b he pa9ts x s t x is spr+1 & in/9ct ) ! _s ( all spr+s4 ,mi*elangelo does n intellectually conceive y\? & !n c>ve a /atue4 ,"s boy has reveal$ to him ! beauty ( 8 "y /r5g?1 & ! sculptor moves to imm$iate expression4 ,he calls 8 /atue ,david1 b ! :ite =m radiates ! rhy?m & glory ( all y\?4 ,& z we realize y\? 9 ourselves1 m poignantly1 m abundantly1 ! m]e "n ( ! boy does n matt]4 ,! fact t ! portrait %[s u ,c>lyle is an incid5t4 ,c>lyle is ! subject ( ! picture1 b its mean+ is ! twilight ( a mighty1 indomitable m9d1 made visible & communicable4 ,8 "w is done2 ! h\r ( quiet is giv51 & he f9ds re/4 ,into ?is mom5t1 et]nal 9 its significance1 into ?is mood1 univ]sal 9 its appeal1 we ent]1 to realize x 9 ourselves4 ,! subject ( picture or /atue is b ! means2 ! end is life4 ,objective fact is transmut$ into liv+ tru?4 ,art is ! manife/ation ( a high] reality ?an we alone h be5 able to "k4 ,x beg9s ) ! p>ticul> & !n transc5ds x1 admitt+ u to %>e 9 ! beauty ( ! _w1 ! cosmic h>mony ( univ]sal exp]i5ce4 ,x ,,! ,,p]sonal ,,e/imate ,,art />ts f life & 9 ! end comes back to x4 ,art is born out ( ! /irr+ ( ! arti/'s _s 9 response to 8 ne$ ( expression1 & x rea*es its fulfillm5t 9 ! _s ( ! appreciator z x answ]s 8 ne$ ( wid] & deep] exp]i5ce4 ,midway on its c\rse f _s to _s x trav]ses devi\s pa?s4 ,! emotion out ( :i* art spr+s & ( :i* x is ! expression is controll$ & direct$ by ! %ap+ =ce ( m9d1 & x embodies itself 9 mat]ial =m4 ,?is mat]ial =m1 by virtue ( its qualities1 has ! p[] to delight our s5ses2 ! skill :i* w5t into ! fa%ion+ ( x1 s f> z we c recognize ! processes ( execution1 gives u pleasure2 ! h>mony :i* ! "w ( art mu/ manife/ satisfies ! m9d & makes x possible = u to l9k ! emotion ) our own exp]i5ce4 ,^! pa?s :i* a "w ( art trav]ses 9 its c\rse f its orig9 to its fulfillm5t ,i h tri$ to foll[ 9 _! ramifications1 & ,i h tri$ to trace !m to _! issue 9 appreciation4 ,"s lov]s ( art may l+] on ! way & re/ cont5t ) ! di/ance !y h come1 )\t press+ =w>d to ! end4 ,a "w ( art is complex 9 its appeal2 & x is possible to /op ) "o or ano!r ( its elem5ts4 ,?us we may receive ! "w intellectually1 recogniz+ its subject1 & turn+ ! arti/'s emotion into our ?\ght & translat+ x f 8 m$ium ( color & =m or s\nd into our own m$ium ( words4 ,"h is a portrait ( ,c>lyle2 & ,c>lyle we "k z an au?or & z a man4 ,?is l&scape is f ! ,palisades1 :]e we h roam$ 9 leisure h\rs4 ,be=e u is a /atue ( ,zeus1 :om our classical read+ has made a reality to u4 ,?is symphony ga!rs ab\t a day 9 ! c\ntry1 sugge/+ an incid5t 9 our own exp]i5ce ( :i* we h pleasant remembrances4 ,intellectually1 also1 we enjoy ! evid5ce ( ! arti/'s skill :i* ! "w exhibits4 ,or we may pass beyond ! simple ex]cise ( ! intellect1 & ) a ref9em5t ( p]ception we may take a s5su\s delight 9 ! qualities ( ! mat]ial 9 :i* ! "w is embodi$4 ,?is portrait is a subtle h>mony ( color & exquisite adju/m5t ( l9e & mass4 ,! lum9\s night :i* enwraps ! ,palisades is a solemn mighty *ord4 ,! :ite rhy?m ( ?is /atue c>esses ! eye t foll[s x4 ,?is symphony is an intricate & wond]ful wave-patt]n ^u a sea ( bill[+ s\nd 9 :i* ! li/5] imm]ses himself voluptu\sly4 ,! ess5tial significance ( a "w ( art is n to be receiv$ ap>t f its =m1 b ! =m is m ?an m]ely s5su\s 9 its appeal4 ,f9ally1 !re=e1 ! color & ! composition ( ! portrait are b ! po9t ( meet+ :]e we t\* 9 en]giz+ contact a p[]ful p]sonality4 ,our _s goes out into ! night ( ^! ,palisades & dilates into imm5sity4 ,?is /atue is ,olympian maje/y made visible1 & 9 its pres5ce we feel t we too are augu/4 ,! symphony is a resolution ( ! /ruggle ( our own tangl$ lives1 a purification1 & ! exp]i5ce ( joy4 ,art is ! expression ( exp]i5ce1 :e!r ! exp]i5ce enacts itself )9 ! _s ( ! arti/ or d]ives f 8 contact ) ! ext]nal _w4 ,s by ! same tok51 art is f9ally to be receiv$ z exp]i5ce4 ,! ultimate mean+ ( a "w ( art to ! appreciator is :at x wak5s 9 him ( emotion4 ,x is ! arti/'s bus9ess1 by ! manipulation ( 8 mat]ials & 8 elem5ts1 by ! *oice ( motive & ! r5d]+1 by ! note & pit* ( 8 color1 ! ord]+ ( 8 l9e1 ! disposition ( 8 masses1 to compel ! direction ( ! emotion2 he mu/ n all[ ! solemnity & awe ) :i* 8 night inve/s ! ,palisades to be mi/ak5 by ! behold] = t]ror or = m]e obscurity4 ,b ! quality & ! int5sity ( ! emotion dep5d ^u ! temp] ( ! appreciator's s5sibilities & ! dep? & range ( 8 exp]i5ce ( life4 ,art is n fix$ & inv>iable 9 its effect4 ,vanity ,fair is a great novel4 ,"o man may read x = ! sake ( ! /ory1 & 9 8 amusem5t & int]e/ 9 foll[+ ! succession ( incid5t1 he may = a :ile =get himself4 ,a possible use to put "o's read+ to2 yet = t man ! book is n art4 ,ano!r may be ent]ta9$ by ! spectacle ( ! p]sons z !y exhibit !mselves 9 ,?ack]ay's pages1 mu* z he might /op a mom5t on ! curb/one & wat* a gr\p ( *ildr5 at play 9 ! /reet4 ,"h he is a look]-on1 hold+ himself alo(2 & = him1 aga91 ! book is n art4 ,/ill a ?ird may f9d 9 ,vanity ,fair a record ( ! cu/oms & mann]s ( ,engli% p at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury2 & he adds ?is mu* to 8 /ock ( in=mation4 ,/ill = him ! book is n art4 ,n "o ( ! ?ree has t\*$ 9 vital contact ! ess5tial mean+ ( ,vanity ,fair4 ,b ! man :o sees 9 ! incid5ts ( ! book a situation possible 9 8 own life1 :o id5tifies himself ) ! p]sonages & acts out ) !m _! adv5tures1 :o feels t he actually kn[s ,rawdon ,crawley & ,becky ,%>p1 ,jo ,s$ley1 ,dobb91 & ,amelia1 & und]/&s _! "* & p]sonality bett] "h ?an 9 ! actual _w ab\t him by =ce ( ,?ack]ay's great] insight & p[] ( portraiture1 :o sees 9 ,engli% mann]s "h repres5t$ ! int]pretation ( 8 own surr\nd+s1 s t z a result ( x all1 8 own exp]i5ce becomes ri*] = 8 hav+ liv$ out ! life ( ! fictiti\s p]sons1 8 own acqua9tances h reveal$ !mselves m fully1 8 own life becomes m intelligible1--= him at la/ ! book is a "w ( art4 ,s any "w may be a mirror :i* simply reflects ! _w z we "k x2 x may be a po9t ( dep>ture1 f :i* tang5tially we con/ruct an exp]i5ce ( our own3 x is truly art only 9 ! degree t x is revelation4 ,a "w ( art1 !re=e1 is to be receiv$ by ! individual appreciator z an add$ emotional exp]i5ce4 ,x appeals to him at all because 9 "s way x relates itself to 8 own life2 & its value to him is det]m9$ by ! measure 9 :i* x c>ries him out into wid] ranges ( feel+4 ,!re are works ^: absolute greatness he recognizes b yet :i* d n happ5 at ! mom5t to f9d him4 ,con/able comes to him z imm5sely satisfy+2 ,turn]1 ?\gh an object ( great intellectual int]e/1 leaves him cold4 ,he kn[s ,velasquez to be supreme among pa9t]s1 b he turns away to /& be=e ,frans ,hals1 ^: quick1 sure /rokes call su* v human be+s into actuality & r\se 8 _s to ! fulle/ response4 ,:y is x t ( two works ( equal dep? ( insight into life1 ( equal scope ( feel+1 ( ! same excell5ce ( te*nical accompli%m5t1 "o has an appeal & a message = him & n ! o!r8 ,:at is ! bridge ( transition betwe5 ! "w & ! _s ( ! appreciator by :i* ! subtle connection is e/abli%$8 ,x comes back to a matt] ( h>mony4 ,exp]i5ce pres5ts itself to u 9 fragm5ts2 & 9 s f> z ! p>ts are scatt]+ & unrelat$1 x is n easy = u to guess ! purpose ( our be+ "h4 ,b s soon z details1 :i* by virtue ( "s select+ pr9ciple are relat$ to "o ano!r1 ga!r !mselves into a :ole1 *aos is resolv$ into ord]1 & ?is :ole becomes significant1 intelligible1 & beautiful4 ,in/9ctively we are seek+1 ea* 9 8 own way1 to br+ ! fragm5ts ( exp]i5ce into ord]2 & t ord] /&s to ea* ( u = :at we are1 = our individual p]sonality1 ! self4 ,we def9e ?us our select+ pr9ciple1 by :i* we receive "s incid5ts ( exp]i5ce z relat$ to our developm5t & we reject o!rs z n relat$ to x4 ,?us ! individual life a*ieves its integrity1 its unity & significance4 ,?is1 too1 is ! process ( art4 ,a l&scape 9 nature is capable ( a v>i\s1 int]pretation4 ,by br++ its details into ord] & unity1 ! arti/ creates its beauty4 ,8 p]ception ( ! h>mony :i* 8 imag9ation compels out ( ! l&scape is att5d$ ) emotion1 & ! emotion fl[s outw>d to expression 9 a =m :i* is itself h>moni\s4 ,?is =m is a "w ( art4 ,art1 !re=e1 is ! h>moniz+ ( exp]i5ce4 ,appreciation is an act ( fusion & id5tification4 ,9 _s we become ! ?+ pres5t$ by ! "w ( art & we m]ge ) x 9 a l>g] unity4 ,! individual h>mony :i* a "w ( art manife/s becomes significant to u z we c make x an h>moni\s "p ( our own exp]i5ce & z x c>ries u 9 ! direction ( our developm5t4 ,b h[ to det]m9e1 ea* man = himself1 :at is ! direction ( our developm5t8 ,a life becomes significant to itself s soon z x is consci\s ( its purpose1 & x becomes h>moni\s z x makes all ! details ( exp]i5ce subs]ve t purpose4 ,! purpose ( ! individual life1 s f> z we c guess x1 seems to be t ! life %all be z complete z possible1 t x %all fulfill itself & provide ?r\gh its (fspr+ = its cont9uance4 ,x is true t no life is isolat$2 z e atom ?r\gh\t ! univ]se is b\nd to e o!r atom by subtle/ filam5ts ( influ5ce1 s ea* human life /&s relat$ to all o!r lives4 ,b ! man be/ pays 8 debt ( s]vice to o!rs :o makes ! mo/ ( t :i* is giv5 him to "w )2 & t is 8 own p]sonality4 ,we mu/ beg9 at ! c5tre & "w outw>ds4 ,my conc]n is ) my own ju/ice4 ,if ,i worry because my fri5d or ano!r is n j1 ,i n only d n make him m j1 b ,i also fail ( ! highe/ ju/ice ,i c a*ieve1 :i* is my own4 ,we mu/ be true to ourselves4 ,we help "o ano!r n by precept b by be+2 & :at we are communicates itself4 ,z physical life propagates & ?us cont9ues itself1 s p]sonality is transmitt$ 9 unconsci\s innum]able ways4 ,! /ep & c>riage ( ! body1 ! glance ( ! eye1 ! "w ( our h&s1 our sil5ces no less ?an our spee*1 all express :at we are4 ,z ev]y?+ foll[s ^u :at we are1 s our responsibility is to be1 to be ourselves completely1 p]fectly4 ,a t5d] %oot pu%es its way out ( ! soil into light & air1 & ) ! ye>s x gr[s into a tree4 ,! tree be>s fruit1 :i* conta9s ! se$ ( new manife/ations ( itself4 ,! fruit falls to ! gr\nd & rots1 provid+ ?us ! alim5t = ! se$ out ( :i* o!r trees are to spr+4 ,f se$ to se$ ! life ( ! tree is a cycle1 )\t beg9n+ & )\t end4 ,at no "o po9t 9 ! cycle c we say1 ,"h is ! purpose ( ! tree4 ,incid5tally ! tree may m9i/] to ! ne$s & com=t & pleasure ( man4 ,! tree delights him to look ^u x2 its bran*es %ade him f ! noonday sun2 its trunk & limbs c be hewn d[n & turn$ to heat & %elt]2 its fruit is good to eat4 ,! prim>y purpose ( ! fruit1 h[ev]1 is n to furni% food to man1 b to provide ! envelope = ! transmission ( its se$ & ! cont9uance ( its own life4 ,se5 9 its cosmic be>+ & scope1 ! purpose ( ! tree is to be a tree1 z fit1 z /rong1 z beautiful1 z complete1 z tree-l1 z x c be4 ,! leaf prec$es ! fl[] & may be ?\ght on t acc\nt to be inf]ior to x 9 ! scale ( developm5t4 ,if a leaf p9es & )]s 9 regret t x is n a fl[]1 x n only does n become a fl[]1 b x fails ( be+ a good leaf4 ,ev]y?+ 9 its place & aft] its own k9d4 ,9 s f> z x is p]fectly itself1 a leaf1 a blossom1 a tree1 a man1 does x contribute to ! well-be+ ( o!rs4 ,man has subdu$ all ?+s "u 8 feet & turn$ !m to 8 own uses4 ,by =ce ( m9d he is ! /ronge/ creature1 b x is n to be inf]r$ t he is !re=e ! aim & end ( all creation4 ,l ev]y?+ else1 he has 8 place2 l ev]y?+ else he has ! "r to live 8 own life1 triumph+ ov] ! weak] & 9 8 turn go+ d[n be=e a mighti] :5 ! mighti] %all come2 l ev]y?+ else he is b a "p 9 ! univ]sal :ole4 ,only a "p2 b z we recognize our relation to o!r p>ts & ?r\gh !m our connection ) ! :ole1 our s5se ( ! value ( ! individual life becomes inf9itely ext5d$4 ,we mu/ get into ! rhy?m1 keep+ /ep ) ! beat ( ! univ]sal life & f9d+ !re our place1 our de/9y1 ! mean+ ( our be+ "h1 & joy4 ,! goods :i* m5 set be=e !mselves z an end are b by-products aft] all4 ,if we pursue happ9ess we ov]take x n4 ,if we d :at our h&s f9d to d1 devot$ly & ) our might1 !n1 "s day1 if we happ5 to /op & make "q ( x1 we discov] t happ9ess is already !re1 9 u1 ) u1 & ar\nd u4 ,! aim ( a man's life 9 ! _w1 z x w\ld seem1 is to be p]fectly a man1 & 8 end is to fulfill himself2 z "p ( ?is fulfillm5t ( himself1 he provides = ! cont9uance ( 8 life 9 o!r lives1 & transmitt+ 8 "* & influ5ce1 he enri*es o!r lives because ( :at he is4 ,! purpose ( see+ is t we may see m1 & ! eye is ev] /riv+ to increase its p[]2 ! heal? ( ! eye is gr[?4 ,! purpose ( life is m life1 individual 9 ! measure t x lies )9 a man's p[] to develop x1 b cosmic 9 its s\rces & its influ5ce4 ,z ! h>mony :i* a "w ( art pres5ts f9ds a place 9 t h>mony ( exp]i5ce & outw>d-rea*+ desire :i* con/itutes our p]sonality1 art becomes = u an entrance into m life4 ,9 ! l>ge1 art is a means ( developm5t4 ,b z any "w embraces div]se elem5ts & is capable ( a v>i\s appeal1 x may be ask$ 9 :at s5se ! appreciation ( art is relat$ to education & culture4 ,be=e we c answ] ! "q intellig5tly1 we mu/ "k :at we mean by our t]ms4 ,by _m p education is reg>d$ z !y reg>d any mat]ial possession1 to be class$ ) fa%ionable clo!s1 a f9e h\se1 a c>riage & pair1 or t\r+-c>1 or /eam ya*t1 z ! cr$5tial & c>d ( entre to :at is call$ good society4 ,culture is a k9d ( ornam5tal furniture1 ma9ta9$ to impress visitors4 ,( c\rse we ourselves d n ?9k s1 b we "k p :o d4 ,nor d we believe--z "s believe--t education is simply a means ( ga9+ a m consid]able livelihood4 ,x is pa!tic to see "y m5 9 college /ruggl+ 9 desp]ate1 uncompla9+ sacrifice to obta9 an education1 & all ! :ile mi/ak+ ! end ( _! ef=t4 ,n all ! de$s ( d>+ 9 a univ]sity c\rse are enact$ on ! a?letic field2 ! m5 ,i am ?9k+ ( d n h _! pictures publi%$ 9 ! newspap]s1--! unrecord$ h]oisms ( college life are v mov+ to ^? :o "k4 ,b ! trag$y ,i h 9 m9d is ?is--= trag$y consi/s n 9 sacrifice itself b 9 ne$less & futile sacrifice--t "s ( ^! "y m5 suppose !re is a magic virtue 9 education = its own sake1 t x is ! op5-sesame to all ! weal? & beauty ( life4 ,) insuffici5t ability to />t )1 !y are prep>+ to be unfit pr(essional m51 :5 !y might be excell5t artisans4 ,! k ( books is 9 no s5se ! :ole /ory nor ! only means ( education4 ,9 devotion to "s craft or 9 ! intellig5t conduct ( "s bus9ess !y might f9d ! true education1 :i* is ! consci\s discipl9e ( "o's p[]s4 ,! man :o c d ?+s1 :e!r ) 8 h&s or ) 8 bra91 provid$ intellig5ce gov]n ! ex]cise ( h& & bra91 & :o f9ds happ9ess 9 8 "w because x is ! expression ( himself1 is an educat$ man4 ,! end ( education is ! build+ ( p]sonality1 ! mak+ ( human p[]1 & its fruit is wisdom4 ,wisdom1 h[ev]1 does n consi/ 9 ! mo/ ext5sive k ( facts4 ,(t5times in=mation ov]weights a man & snuffs out :at p]sonal =ce !re might o!rwise h be54 ,on ! futility ( m]e le>n+ !re is abundant te/imony4 ,walt ,:itman1 z we might expect f 8 passion = ! vital & ! human1 has said3 ,y mu/ n "k too mu* & be too precise & sci5tific ab\t birds & trees & fl[]s & wat]craft4 ,a c]ta9 free m>g91 p]haps ignorance1 cr$ulity1 helps y\r enjoym5t ( ^! ?+s & ( ! s5tim5t ( fea!r'd1 wood$1 riv] or m>9e nature g5]ally4 ,i repeat x--don't want to "k too exactly or ! reasons :y4 ,ev5 ,rusk91 ^: le>n+ 0 ext5sive & v>i\s1 be>s witness to ! same effect4 ,he notes ! dim9ution :i* my k ( ! ,alps _h made 9 my impression ( !m1 & ! way 9 :i* inve/igation ( /rata & /ructure r$uces all m\nta9 sublimity to m]e debris & wall-build+4 ,9 ! same _s he plann$ an essay on ! ,uses ( ,ignorance4 ,f ! mid/ ( 8 labors 9 ,v5ice he wrote3 ,i am sure t p :o "w out subjects ?or\ghly are disagreeable wret*es4 ,"o only feels z "o %\ld :5 "o doesn't "k mu* ab\t ! matt]4 ,9 o!r words1 we are n to let our k come betwe5 u & our p[] to feel4 ,9 ?us seem+ to assail education ,i am n seek+ to subv]t or de/roy2 ,i want simply to adju/ ! emphasis4 ,! really wise man is he :o kn[s h[ to make life yield him its utmo/ ( true satisfaction & furni% him ! l>ge/ scope = ! use ( 8 p[]s & ! expression ( himself4 ,9 ?is s5se a newsboy 9 ! /reets may be wis] ?an a univ]sity pr(essor1 9 t "o may be ! ma/] ( 8 life & ! o!r may be ! s]vant ( 8 in=mation4 ,education %\ld h = its end ! tra9+ ( capacities & p[]s1 ! discipl9e & control ( ! intellig5ce1 ! quick5+ ( ! sympa?ies1 ! developm5t ( ! ability to live4 ,no man is sup]ior to 8 fell[s because ( ! fact ( 8 education4 ,8 education pr(its him only 9 s f> z x makes him m ( a man1 m responsive because 8 own emotions h be5 m deeply /irr$1 m tol]ant because 8 wid] range has reveal$ m t is good1 m g5]\s to give ( 8 own life & s]vice because he has m g5]\sly receiv$4 ,x is n :at we "k nor :at we h t m>ks our wor?1 b :at we are4 ,no man1 h[ev] =tunate & well-circum/anc$ he may be1 c af=d to ?ank ,god t he is n z o!r m5 are4 ,9 s f> z 8 education t5ds to )draw him f life & f contact ) 8 fell[s ( :atev] /ation1 9 s f> z x fo/]s 9 him ! consci\sness ( class1 s f> x is an evil4 ,education %\ld lead u n to judge lives diff]5t f our own1 b to try to und]/& &1 to appreciate4 ,! educat$ man1 above all o!rs1 %\ld ?ank ,god t !re are div]sity ( gifts & s _m k9ds ( good4 ,art is a means ( culture1 b art rightly und]/ood & receiv$4 ,art does n aim to tea*4 ,x may tea* incid5tally1 tang5tially to its circle1 b in/ruction1 ei!r intellectual or e?ical1 is n its purpose4 ,x fulfills itself 9 ! _s ( ! appreciator z x enables him 9 its pres5ce to become some?+ t o!rwise he _h n be54 ,x is n en\gh to be told ?+s2 we mu/ make trial ( !m & live !m out 9 our own exp]i5ce be=e !y become true = u4 ,z appreciation is n k b feel+1 s we mu/ live our art4 ,x is well to h ne> u "s "w t we want to be l4 ,we get its fulle/ message only z we id5tify ourselves ) x4 ,if we are will+ to be ?\ght ignorant & to live our lives z seems good to u1 ,i believe x is bett] to g ! :ole way ) a few ?+s t c m9i/] to u abundantly & s come to ! end ( !m1 ?an to t\* 9 sup]ficial contact a great _m less] works4 ,! less] works h _! place2 & s f> z !y c c>ry u beyond ! po9t :]e we are1 !y c s]ve u4 ,9 a hurri$ t\*-&-g1 h[ev]1 !re is dang] ( scatt]+2 :]eas true appreciation takes "t1 = x is less an act ?an a :ole attitude ( m9d4 ,?is is an age ( h&books & %ort cuts4 ,b !re is no sub/itute = life4 ,if = "o reason or ano!r ! opportunity to realize art 9 t]ms ( life is n accord$ u1 x is bett] to accept ! situation q frankly & happily1 & n try to *eat ourselves ) ! semblance4 ,b if x is inde$ ! reality1 !n we maybe cont5t ) ! m9utes ( exp]i5ce1 ?\gh we are d5i$ ! h\rs or ! ye>s4 ,! messages ( great poems1 says ,:itman1 to ea* man & woman are1 ,come to u on equal t]ms2 only !n c y und]/& u4 ,! p[] ( response mu/ be 9 u1 & t p[] is ! fruit ( exp]i5ce4 ,! only my/]y ( art is ! my/]y ( all life itself4 ,9 nature ! arti/ f9ds ! manife/ation ( a l>g] self t[>d :i* he aspires1 & ?is is :at 8 "w expresses4 ,alone ) 8 _s1 he cries to u = t intimate my/ic companion%ip :i* is appreciation1 & our response gives back ! e*o ( 8 cry4 ,he rea*es out across ! di/ance to t\* o!r & k9dr$ spirits & draw !m to himself4 ,says ! poet1-- ,?\ read] ?robbe/ life & pride & love ! same z ,i1 ,!re=e = !e ! foll[+ *ants4 ,we appreciate ! arti/'s "w z 9 x we live aga9 & d\bly4 ,?us art l9ks itself ) life4 ,! message ( art to ! individual def9es itself accord+ to 8 individual ne$s4 ,life rises ) ea* man1 to him a new opportunity & a new de/9y4 ,we create our own _w2 & life means to u :at we are 9 ourselves4 ,9 art we are seek+ to f9d ourselves express$ m fully4 ,! works t we c>e =1 if we consid] x a mom5t1 are ! works we und]/&2 & we und]/& !m because !y phrase = u our own exp]i5ce4 ,life & ! tru? ( life are relative4 ,tru? is n 9 ! object b 9 our relation to x4 ,:at is true = me may or may n be true = ano!r4 ,?is mu* is true = me1 namely1 :atev] tallies ) my exp]i5ce & reveals to me m ( ! und]ly+ purpose ( ! univ]se4 ,we are all1 ea* 9 8 own way1 seek+ ! mean+ ( life2 & t mean+ is special & p]sonal to ! individual1 ea* man decid+ = himself4 ,by selection "h1 by rejection !re1 we are try+ to "w t[>d h>mony4 ,! details ( life become increas+ly complex ) ! ye>s1 b liv+ gr[s simpl] because we gradually fix a select+ & unify+ pr9ciple4 ,:5 we h truly f\nd ourselves1 we come to feel t ! ext]nal incid5ts d n signify2 :i* *ance happ5s1 :e!r ?is or t1 is indiff]5t4 ,x is ! _s 9 :i* ! life is liv$ t det]m9es its quality & value4 ,! p]ception ( purpose 9 ! p>ts br+s !m into ord] & gives !m mean+4 ,a man's life is an exp&+ circle1 ! circumf]5ce ( :i* is drawn ar\nd an ord] or int]play & adju/m5t ( "p ) "p4 ,:atev] lies )\t ! circle does n p]ta9 to ! individual--z yet4 ,s soon z any exp]i5ce reveals its mean+ to u & we feel t x takes its place 9 our life1 !n x belongs to u4 ,:atev] s]ves to br+ details1 be=e scatt]+ & unrelat$1 into ord]1 is = t mom5t true4 ,art has a message = u z x tallies ) :at we already "k ab\t life2 &1 quick5+ our p]ceptions1 disclos+ dep?s ( feel+1 x c>ries u into new ranges ( exp]i5ce4 ,9 ?is attitude t[>d life lies ! ju/ice ( ! p]sonal e/imate4 ,! individual is f9ally 8 own au?ority4 ,to f9d tru? we return ^u our own consci\sness1 & we seek ?us to def9e our orig9al relation to ! univ]sal ord]4 ,s z "o /&s be=e ! works ( ! ,italian pa9t]s & sculptors1 = example1 9 ! endeavor rightly to appreciate :at !y h a*iev$1 "o may ask3 ,h[ mu* ( life has ?is arti/ to express to me1 ( life z ,i "k x or c "k x8 ,has ! pa9t] ?r\gh ^! =ms1 h[ev] crude or h[ev] accompli%$1 utt]$ :at he g5u9ely & = himself ?\ght & felt8 ,! measure ( ^! pictures = me is ! degree ( reality1 ( vital feel+1 :i* !y transmit4 ,:e!r x be spr+ or div9e mat]nity or ! beauty ( a pagan idea1 :i* ,botticelli r5d]s1 ! same p[] is !re1 ! same s5se ( graci\s life4 ,:e!r x be ,cr$i's nave womanhood1 or ,titian's ab\nd+1 glori\s wom5 & calm & =ceful m51 or ,delia ,robbia's joy\s *ildr5 & ,donatello's sprites1 ! same great mean+ is express$1 ! same appreciation ( ! goodness & beauty ( all life4 ,?is beauty is = me1 "h1 to-day4 ,9 ! exp]i5ce ( a man :o ?9ks & feels1 !re is a "t :5 8 imag9ation turns t[>d ! pa/4 ,at ! mom5t1 z ! _w closes 9 ab\t him1 8 _s1 dull$ by ! attrition ( daily use & wont1 is unable to disc]n ! beauty & significance ( ! pres5t life ar\nd him4 ,= a "t 8 imag9ation f9ds abundant n\ri%m5t 9 ! mighty pa/4 ,_m spirits are cont5t !re to rema94 ,b life is ( ! pres5t4 ,to live greatly is to live n[1 inspir$ by ! pa/1 correct$ & enc\rag$ by x1 impell$ by =w>d-look+ ?\ghts' & provid+ = ! future1 b liv+ 9 to-day4 ,life is nei!r remembrance nor anticipation1 nei!r regret nor def]m5t1 b pres5t realization4 ,(t5 "o feels 9 a gall]y t ! p are m significant ?an ! pictures4 ,two lov]s furtively hold+ h&s & /opp+ be=e a canvas to press clos] toge!r1 %\ld] to %\ld]2 a "y girl erect & firm1 consci\s ( h] "y womanhood & rejoic+ 9 x1 radiat+ y\? & life2 an old man1 ^: ye>s are beh9d him yet ^: int]e/ reveals 8 eag] welcome ( new exp]i5ce1 unconsci\sly rebuk+ ! jad$ & indiff]5t3 "h is reality4 ,be=e x ! pictures seem to rec$e & become dimm$4 ,our appreciation ( ^! ?+s makes ! significance ( x all4 ,only 9 s f> z art c communicate ?is s5sation1 ?is same impression ( ! beauty & pres5t reality ( life1 has x a mean+ = u4 ,! pa9t] mu/ h regi/]$ 8 appreciation ( imm$iate reality & mu/ imp>t t to u until x becomes1 height5$ & int5sifi$1 our own4 ,! secret ( successful liv+ lies 9 compell+ ! details ( our surr\nd+s to our own ends4 ,mi*elangelo liv$ 8 life2 ,leon>do liv$ 82 nei!r c\ld be ! o!r4 ,a man mu/ pa9t ! life t he kn[s1 ! exp]i5ce into :i* he ent]s4 ,s we mu/ live our lives imm$iately & newly4 ,we h p5etrat$ ! ultimate my/]y ( art :5 we realize ! insep>able on5ess ( art ) life4 ,art is a call to full] liv+4 ,its real s]vice is to increase our capacity = exp]i5ce4 ,! pictures1 ! music1 ! books1 :i* pr(it u are ^? :i*1 :5 we h done ) !m1 make u feel t we h liv$ by j s mu*4 ,(t5 we pur*ase exp]i5ce ) en?usiasm2 we become wise at ! exp5se ( our p[] to enjoy4 ,:at we ne$ 9 relation to art is n m k b great] capability ( feel+1 n ! acquisition ( m facts b ! increas$ p[] to int]pret facts & to apply !m to life4 ,9 appreciation x is n :at we "k ab\t a "w ( art1 x is n ev5 :at we actually see be=e u1 t con/itutes its significance1 b :at 9 its pres5ce we are able to feel4 ,! p>adox t nature imitates art has 9 x ?is mu* ( tru?1 t art is ! revelation ( ! possibilities ( life1 & we try to make ^! possibilities actual 9 our own exp]i5ce4 ,art is n an escape f life & a refuge2 x is a *all5ge & ren=cem5t4 ,its action is n to make u less consci\s b m2 9 x we are n to lose ourselves b to f9d ourselves m truly & m fully4 ,its effect is to help u to a l>g] & ju/] appreciation ( ! beauty & wor? ( nature & ( life4 ,art is )9 ! range ( e man :o holds himself op5 to its appeal4 ,b art is n ! f9al ?+4 ,x is a means to an end2 its end is p]sonality4 ,!re are exalt$ mom5ts 9 ! exp]i5ce ( u all :i* we feel to be f9] ?an any art4 ,!n we d n ne$ to turn to pa9t+1 music1 lit]ature1 = our satisfaction4 ,we are liv+4 ,art is aid & inspiration1 b its fulfillm5t & end is life4 ,we live1 says ,wordswor?1 by admiration1 hope1 & love4 ,admiration is wond] & wor%ip1 a s5se ( ! my/]y & ! beauty ( life z we "k x n[1 & ?ankfulness = x1 & joy4 ,hope is ! vision ( ?+s to be4 ,& love is ! supreme enfold+ unity t makes all "o4 ,art is life at its be/1 b life is ! greate/ ( ! arts1--life h>moni\s1 deep 9 feel+1 big 9 sympa?y1 ! life t is appreciation1 responsiv5ess1 & love4