,,! ,,romance ,,( ,,sci5ce ,,! ,,spla% ,,( ,a ,,drop ,,by ,,pr(4 ,a4,m4 ,,wor?+ton1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,be+ ! repr9t ( a ,disc\rse deliv]$ at ! ,royal ,in/itution ( ,great ,brita91 ,may #ah1 #ahid4 ,,publi%$ ,,"u ,,! ,,direction ,,( ,,! ,,g5]al ,,lit]ature ,,committee4 ,,london3 ,,society ,,= ,,promot+ ,,*ri/ian ,,k1 ,,nor?umb]l& ,,av5ue1 ,,*>+ ,,cross1 ,w4,c42 #dc1 ,,que5 ,,victoria ,,/reet1 ,e4,c4 ,,brighton3 #abi1 ,,nor? ,,/reet4 ,,new ,,york3 ,e4 ,j4,b4 ,,"y ,,co4 #ahie4 ,,! ,,spla% ,,( ,a ,,drop ,,in/antane\s ,,photographs ,,( ,,! ,,spla% ,,( ,a ,,wat]-,,drop ,,fall+ ,,ab\t #af ,,in*es ,,into ,,milk4 ,illu/ration3 ,"t aft] contact 4#jbfb sec4 ,illu/ration3 ,"t aft] contact 4#jcia sec4 ,illu/ration3 ,"t aft] contact 4#aja sec4 ,,! ,,spla% ,,( ,a ,,drop ,! spla% ( a drop is a transaction :i* is accompli%$ 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye1 & x may seem to "s t a man :o proposes to disc\rse on ! matt] = an h\r mu/ h lo/ all s5se ( proportion4 ,if t op9ion exi/s1 ,i hope ?is ev5+ to be able to remove x1 & to conv9ce y t we h to deal ) an exquisitely regulat$ ph5om5on1 & "o :i* v happily illu/rates "s ( ! fundam5tal prop]ties ( fluids4 ,x may be m5tion$ also t ! rec5t rese>*es ( ,l5>d 9 ,g]many & ,j4,j4 ,?omson at ,cambridge1 on ! curi\s developm5t ( electrical *>ges t accompanies c]ta9 k9ds ( spla%es1 h inve/$ ) a new int]e/ any exam9ation ( ! me*anics ( ! ph5om5on4 ,x is to ! me*anical & n to ! electrical side ( ! "q t ,i %all call y\r att5tion ?is ev5+4 ,! fir/ well-direct$ & delib]ate obs]vations on ! subject t ,i am acqua9t$ ) 7 made by a s*ool-boy at ,rugby "s tw5ty ye>s ago1 & 7 report$ by him to ! ,rugby ,natural ,hi/ory ,society4 ,he _h obs]v$ t ! m>ks ( accid5tal spla%es ( ink-drops t _h fall5 on "s smok$ glasses ) :i* he 0 exp]im5t+1 pres5t$ an appe>ance n easy to acc\nt =4 ,drops ( ! same size fall+ f ! same height _h made always ! same k9d ( m>k1 :i*1 :5 c>efully exam9$ ) a l5s1 %[$ t ! smoke _h be5 swept away 9 a sy/em ( m9ute conc5tric r+s & f9e /riae4 ,specim5s ( su* patt]ns1 obta9$ by lett+ drops ( m]cury1 alcohol1 & wat] fall on to smok$ glass1 are ?r[n on ! scre51 & ! ma9 *>act]i/ics are easily recogniz$4 ,su* a patt]n corresponds to ! footpr9ts ( ! dance t has be5 p]=m$ on ! surface1 & ?\gh ! drop may be ly+ unbrok5 on ! plate1 x has evid5tly be5 tak+ viol5t ex]cise1 & 7 our vision acute en\gh we might obs]ve t x 0 /ill palpitat+ aft] its ex]tions4 ,a c>eful exam9ation ( a l>ge numb] ( su* footpr9ts %[$ t any op9ion t c\ld be =m$ !refrom ( ! nature ( ! motion ( ! drop mu/ be l>gely conjectural1 & x occurr$ to me ab\t eighte5 ye>s ago to endeav\r by means ( ! illum9ation ( a suitably-tim$ electric sp>k to wat* a drop ?r\gh its v>i\s *anges on impact4 ,! reason t ) ord9>y cont9u\s light no?+ c be satisfactorily se5 ( ! spla%1 is n t ! ph5om5on is ( su* %ort duration1 b because ! *anges are s rapid t be=e ! image ( "o /age has fad$ f ! eye ! image ( a lat] & q diff]5t /age is sup]pos$ ^u x4 ,?us ! result+ impression is a confus$ assemblage ( all ! /ages1 z 9 ! photograph ( a p]son :o has n sat /ill :ile ! cam]a 0 look+ at him4 ,! problem to be solv$ exp]im5tally 0 !re=e ?is3 to let a drop ( def9ite size fall f a def9ite height 9 comp>ative d>kness on to a surface1 & to illum9ate x by a fla% ( exce$+ly %ort duration at any desir$ /age1 s z to exclude all ! /ages previ\s & subsequ5t to ! "o ?us pick$ out4 ,! fla% mu/ be bright en\gh = ! image ( :at is se5 to rema9 long en\gh on ! eye = ! obs]v] to be able to att5d to x1 & ev5 to %ift 8 att5tion f "o "p to ano!r1 & ?us to make a draw+ ( :at is se54 ,if necess>y ! exp]im5t mu/ be capable ( repetition1 ) an exactly simil> drop fall+ f exactly ! same height1 & illum9at$ at exactly ! same /age4 ,!n1 :5 ?is /age has be5 suffici5tly /udi$1 we mu/ be able to arrange ) ano!r simil> drop to illum9ate x at a r lat] /age1 say #a_/ajjj second lat]1 & 9 ?is way to foll[ /ep by /ep ! :ole c\rse ( ! ph5om5on4 ,! app>atus by :i* ?is has be5 accompli%$ is on ! table be=e y4 ,"t w n suffice to expla9 h[ x grew out ( e>li] arrangem5ts v diff]5t 9 appe>ance1 b its action is v simple & easy to foll[ by ref]5ce to ! diagram 7,fig4 #a74 ,,aa' is a light wood5 rod r long] & ?ick] ?an an ord9>y lead p5cil1 & pivot$ on a horizontal axle ,o4 ,! rod be>s at ! end ,a a small deep wat*-glass1 or segm5t ( a wat*-glass1 ^: surface has be5 smok$1 s t a drop ev5 ( wat] w lie on x )\t adhesion4 ,! end ,a' c>ries a small /rip ( t9n$ iron1 :i* c be press$ aga9/ & held d[n by an electro-magnet ,,cc'4 ,:5 ! curr5t ( ! electro-magnet is cut (f ! iron is releas$1 & ! end ,a' ( ! rod is toss$ up by ! action ( a piece ( india-rubb] /ret*$ catapult-wise across two pegs at ,e1 & by ?is means ! drop re/+ on ! wat*-glass is left 9 mid-air free to fall f re/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,bb' is a precisely simil> rod work$ 9 j ! same way1 b c>ry+ at ,b a small horizontal metal r+1 on :i* an ivory tim+ sph]e ( ! size ( a *ild's m>ble c be support$4 ,on cutt+ (f ! curr5t ( ! electro-magnet ! ends ,a' & ,b' ( ! two lev]s are simultane\sly toss$ up by ! catapults1 & ?us drop & sph]e beg9 to fall at ! same mom5t4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 ! drop rea*es ! surface on :i* x is to imp+e1 ! tim+ sph]e /rikes a plate ,d atta*$ to "o end ( a ?ird lev] pivot$ at ,q1 & ?us breaks ! contact betwe5 a plat9um wire b\nd to ! und]side ( ?is lev] & ano!r wire cross+ ! fir/ at "r angles4 ,?is action breaks an electric curr5t :i* has trav]s$ a second electro-magnet ,f 7,fig4 #b71 & releases ! iron armature ,n ( ! lev] ,,np1 pivot$ at ,p1 ?us enabl+ a /rong spiral spr+ ,g to lift a /\t brass wire ,l out ( m]cury1 & to break at ! surface ( ! m]cury a /rong curr5t t has circulat$ r\nd ! prim>y circuit ( a ,ruhmkorff's induction coil2 ?is produces at ! surface ( ! m]cury a bright self-induction sp>k 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! spla%1 & x is by ?is fla% t ! spla% is view$4 ,! illum9ation is greatly help$ by surr\nd+ ! place :]e ! spla% & fla% are produc$ by a :ite c>dbo>d enclosure1 se5 9 ,fig4 #b1 f ^: walls ! light is diffus$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! "t at :i* ! sp>k is made w dep5d ^u ! di/ance t ! sph]e has to fall be=e /rik+ ! plate ,d1 = ! subsequ5t action ( demagnetiz+ ,f & pull+ ! wire ,l out ( ! m]cury 9 ! cup ,h is ! same on ea* occasion4 ,! modus op]&i is consequ5tly z foll[s3--,! obs]v]1 sitt+ 9 comp>ative b by no means complete d>kness1 faces ! app>atus z x appe>s 9 ,fig4 #b1 presses d[n ! ends ,a',b' ( ! lev]s fir/ describ$1 s t !y are held by ! electro-magnet ,c 7,fig4 #a72 !n he presses ! lev] ,,np d[n on ! electro-magnet ,f1 sets ! tim+ sph]e & drop 9 place1 & !n by means ( a bridge betwe5 two m]cury cups1 %ort-circuits & ?us cuts (f ! curr5t ( ! electro-magnet ,c4 ,?is lets (f drop & sph]e1 & produces ! fla%4 ,! /age ( ! ph5om5on t is ?us reveal$ hav+ be5 suffici5tly /udi$ by repetition ( ! exp]im5t z (t5 z may be necess>y1 he l[]s ! plate ,d a fraction ( an in* & ?us obta9s a lat] /age4 ,n only is any desir$ /age ( ! ph5om5on ?us easily br\ght "u exam9ation1 b ! app>atus also af=ds ! means ( measur+ ! "t int]val betwe5 any two /ages4 ,all t is necess>y is to "k ! di/ance t ! tim+ sph]e falls 9 ! two cases4 ,elem5t>y dynamics !n give u ! int]val requir$4 ,?us1 if ! sph]e falls "o foot & we !n l[] ,d #a_/d in*1 ! int]val betwe5 ! correspond+ /ages w be ab\t 4#jjbf second4 ,hav+ ?us describ$ ! app>atus1 :i* ,i hope %ortly to %[ y 9 action1 ,i pass to ! in=mation t has be5 obta9$ by x4 ,?is is conta9$ 9 a long s]ies ( draw+s1 ( :i* a selection w be pres5t$ on ! scre54 ,! ,fir/ ,s]ies t ,i h to %[ repres5ts ! spla% ( a drop ( m]cury #j4ae in* 9 diamet] t has fall5 #c in*es on to a smoo? glass plate4 ,x w be notic$ t v soon aft] ! fir/ mom5t ( impact1 m9ute rays are %ot out 9 all directions on ! surface4 ,^! are aft]w>ds ov]fl[$ or unit$1 until1 z 9 ,fig4 #h1 ! outl9e is only slightly rippl$4 ,!n 7,fig4 #i7 ma9 rays %oot out1 f ! ends ( :i* 9 "s cases m9ute droplets ( liquid w\ld split (f1 to be left ly+ 9 a circle on ! plate1 & visible 9 all subsequ5t /ages4 ,by c\nt+ ^! droplets :5 !y 7 ?us left1 ! numb] ( rays 0 asc]ta9$ to h be5 g5]ally ab\t #bd4 ,?is exquisite %ell-l configuration1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #i1 m>ks ab\t ! maximum spread ( ! liquid1 :i*1 subsid+ 9 ! middle1 aft]w>ds fl[s into an annulus or rim ) a v ?9 c5tral film1 s ?91 9 fact1 z (t5 to te> m or less irregul>ly4 ,?is annul> rim !n divides or segm5ts 7,figs4 #ad1 #ae1 #af7 9 su* a mann] z to jo9 up ! rays 9 pairs1 & ?us passes into ! #ab-lob$ annulus ( ,fig4 #af4 ,!n ! :ole contracts1 b contracts mo/ rapidly betwe5 ! lobes1 ! liquid !n be+ driv5 into & fe$+ ! arms1 :i* foll[ m sl[ly4 ,9 ,fig4 #ba ! end ( ?is /age is rea*$1 & n[ ! arms cont9u+ to come 91 ! liquid rises 9 ! c5tre2 ?is is1 9 fact1 ! beg9n+ ( ! reb\nd ( ! drop f ! plate4 ,9 ! case be=e u ! drops at ! ends ( ! arms n[ break (f 7,fig4 #be71 :ile ! c5tral mass rises 9 a column :i* j fails itself to break up into drops1 & falls back into ! middle ( ! circle ( satellites :i*1 x w be und]/ood1 may 9 "s cases aga9 be surr\nd$ by a second circle ( ! /ill small] & m num]\s droplets t split (f ! ends ( ! rays 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,! :ole ( ! #cj /ages describ$ are accompli%$ 9 ab\t #a_/bj second1 s t ! av]age int]val betwe5 !m is ab\t #a_/fjj second4 ,,fir/ ,,s]ies4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,illu/ration3 #b ,illu/ration3 #c ,illu/ration3 #d ,illu/ration3 #e ,illu/ration3 #f ,illu/ration3 #g ,illu/ration3 #h ,illu/ration3 #i ,illu/ration3 #aj ,illu/ration3 #aa ,illu/ration3 #ab ,illu/ration3 #ac ,illu/ration3 #ad ,illu/ration3 #ae ,illu/ration3 #af ,illu/ration3 #ag ,illu/ration3 #ah ,illu/ration3 #ai ,illu/ration3 #bj ,illu/ration3 #ba ,illu/ration3 #bb ,illu/ration3 #bc ,illu/ration3 #bd ,illu/ration3 #be ,illu/ration3 #bf ,illu/ration3 #bg ,illu/ration3 #bh ,illu/ration3 #bi ,illu/ration3 #cj ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t x is only 9 r>e cases t ! subord9ate drops se5 9 ! la/ six figures1 are f\nd ly+ 9 a v complete circle aft] all is ov]1 = !re is g5]ally "s slight di/urb+ lat]al velocity :i* causes _m to m+le aga9 ) ! c5tral drop1 or ) ea* o!r4 ,b ev5 if only half or a qu>t] ( ! circle is left1 x is easy to e/imate h[ _m drops1 & !re=e h[ _m arms !re h be54 ,x may be m5tion$ t sometimes ! surface ( ! c5tral lake ( liquid 7,figs4 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ag7 0 se5 to be cov]$ ) beautiful conc5tric ripples1 n %[n 9 ! figures4 ,! "q n[ naturally pres5ts itself1 ,:y %\ld ! drop behave 9 ?is mann]8 ,9 seek+ ! answ] x w be useful to ask ourselves ano!r "q4 ,:at %\ld we h expect$ ! drop to d8 ,well1 to ?is ,i suppose mo/ p w\ld be incl9$1 argu+ f analogy ) a solid1 to reply t x w\ld be reasonable to expect ! drop to flatt5 itself1 & ev5 v consid]ably flatt5 itself1 & !n1 collect+ itself toge!r aga91 to reb\nd1 p]haps z a column su* z we h se51 b n to =m ?is regul> sy/em ( rays & arms & subord9ate drops4 ,n[ ?is argum5t f analogy ) a solid is r mislead+1 = ! =ces t op]ate 9 ! case ( a solid sph]e t flatt5s itself & reb\nds1 are due to ! bodily ela/icity :i* enables x n only to resi/1 b also to recov] f any di/ortion ( %ape or %e>+ ( its int]nal p>ts pa/ ea* o!r4 ,b a liquid has no p[] ( recov]+ f su* int]nal %e>1 & ! only =ce t *ecks ! spread1 & ultimately causes ! recov]y ( %ape1 is ! surface t5sion1 :i* arises f ! fact t ! surface lay]s are always 9 a /ate ( ext5sion & always endeav\r+ to contract4 ,?us we are at lib]ty :5 deal+ ) ! motions ( ! drop to ?9k ( ! int]ior liquid z n coh]5t1 provid$ we furni% x ) a suitable ela/ic sk94 ,:]e ! surface sk9 is %>ply curv$ outw>ds1 z x is at ! %>p edge ( ! flatt5$ disc1 !re ! int]ior liquid w be /rongly press$ back4 ,9 fact ! process ( flatt5+ & recoil is "o 9 :i* en]gy ( motion is fir/ exp5d$ 9 creat+ fre% liquid surface1 & subsequ5tly recov]$ z ! surface contracts4 ,! trans=mation is1 h[ev]1 at all mom5ts accompani$ by a great loss ( en]gy z heat4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! en]gy exp5d$ 9 creat+ ! surface ( ! satellite drops is n re/or$ if ^! rema9 p]man5tly sep>ate4 ,?us ! surface t5sion expla9s ! recoil1 & x is also closely connect$ ) ! =mation ( ! subord9ate rays & arms4 ,to expla9 ?is x is only necess>y to rem9d y t a liquid cyl9d] is an un/able configuration4 ,z y "k1 any f9e jet becomes bead$ & breaks into drops1 b x is n necess>y t !re %\ld be any fl[ ( liquid along ! jet2 if1 = example1 we c\ld realize a rod ( liquid ( ! %ape & size ( ?is cyl9drical rul] t ,i hold 9 my h&1 & lib]ate x 9 ! air1 x w\ld n reta9 its cyl9drical %ape1 b w\ld segm5t or divide itself up into a r[ ( drops regul>ly dispos$ accord+ to a def9ite & v simple num]ical law1 viz4 t ! di/ances betwe5 ! c5tres ( contigu\s drops w\ld be equal to ! circumf]5ce ( ! cyl9d]4 ,?is c be %[n by calculation to be a consequ5ce ( ! surface t5sion1 & ! calculation has be5 closely v]ifi$ by exp]im5t4 ,if ! liquid cyl9d] 7 lib]at$ on a plate1 x w\ld /ill topple into a regul> r[ ( drops1 b !y w\ld be fur!r ap>t2 ?is 0 %[n by ,plateau4 ,n[ imag9e ! cyl9d] b5t into an annulus4 ,x w /ill foll[ ! same law1#a i4e4 x w topple into drops j z if x 7 /raight4 ,?is ,i c %[ y by a direct exp]im5t4 ,i h "h a small ?ick disc ( iron1 ) an accurately plan$ face & a h&le at ! back4 ,9 ! face is cut a circul> groove1 ^: cross section is a semi-circle4 ,i n[ lay ?is disc face d[nw>ds on ! horizontal face ( ! lant]n cond5s]1 & ?r\gh "o ( two small holes bor$ ?r\gh to ! back ( ! disc ,i fill ! groove ) quicksilv]4 ,n[1 sudd5ly lift+ ! disc f ! plate1 ,i release an annulus ( liquid1 :i* splits into ! circle ( v equal drops :i* y see project$ on ! scre54 ,y w notice t ! ma9 drops h betwe5 !m /ill small] ones1 :i* h come f ! splitt+ up ( ! ?9 cyl9drical necks ( liquid :i* connect$ ! l>g] drops at ! la/ mom5t4 ,n[ ?is t5d5cy to segm5t or topple into drops1 :e!r ( a /raight cyl9d] or ( an annulus1 is ! key to ! =mation ( ! arms & satellites1 & inde$ to mu* t happ5s 9 all ! spla%es t we %all exam9e4 ,?us 9 ,fig4 #ab we h an annul> rim1 :i* 9 ,figs4 #ac & #ad is se5 to topple into lobes by :i* ! rays are unit$ 9 pairs1 & ev5 ! special rays t are se5 9 ,fig4 #i owe _! orig9 to ! segm5tation ( ! rim ( ! ?9 disc into :i* ! liquid has spread4 ,! proce$+ is probably exactly analog\s to :at takes place 9 a sea wave t curls ov] 9 calm wea!r on a slightly slop+ %ore4 ,any "o may notice h[1 z x curls ov]1 ! wave pres5ts a long smoo? edge1 f :i* at a giv5 in/ant a multitude ( jets sudd5ly %oot out1 & at once ! back ( ! wave1 hi!rto smoo?1 is se5 to be furr[$ or comb$4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! cyl9drical edge topples into alt]nate convexities & concavities2 at ! =m] ! fl[ is help$1 at ! latt] h9d]$1 & ?us ! jets beg91 & special l9es ( fl[ are det]m9$4 ,9 precisely ! same way ! previ\sly smoo? circul> edge ( ,fig4 #h topples1 & det]m9es ! rays & l9es ( fl[ ( ,fig4 #i4 ,be=e go+ on to o!r spla%es ,i w n[ endeav\r to reproduce a m]cury spla% ( ! k9d ,i h describ$1 9 a mann] t %all be visible to all4 ,= ?is purpose ,i h r$uplicat$ ! app>atus :i* y h se51 & h x "h s arrang$ t ,i c let ! drop fall on to ! horizontal cond5s] plate ( ! lant]n1 ?r\gh :i* ! light passes upw>ds1 to be aft]w>ds ?r[n ^u ?is scre54 ,! illum9at+ fla% w be made inside ! lant]n1 :]e ! arc light w\ld ord9>ily be plac$4 ,i h n[ set a drop ( m]cury 9 read9ess & put ! tim+ sph]e 9 place1 & n[ if y w look int5tly at ! middle ( ! scre5 ,i w d>k5 ! room & let (f ! spla%4 7,! exp]im5t 0 repeat$ f\r or five times1 & ! figures se5 7 l ^? ( ,s]ies ,x47 ,( c\rse all t c be %[n 9 ?is way is ! outl9e1 or r a horizontal section ( ! spla%2 b y are able to recognize "s ( ! configurations already describ$1 & w be ! m will+ to believe t a mom5t>y view is aft] all suffici5t to give mu* in=mation if "o is on ! al]t & has acquir$ skill by practice4 ,! g5]al features ( ! spla% t we h exam9$ are n m]ely *>act]i/ic ( ! liquid m]cury1 b belong to all spla%es ( a liquid fall+ on to a surface :i* x does n wet1 provid$ ! height ( fall or size ( ! drop are n s great z to cause complete disruption1#b 9 :i* case !re is no recov]y & reb\nd4 ,?us a drop ( milk fall+ on to smok$ glass w1 if ! height ( fall & size ( drop are prop]ly adju/$1 give =ms v simil> to ^? pres5t$ by a drop ( m]cury4 ,! :ole c\rse ( ! ph5om5on dep5ds1 9 fact1 ma9ly on f\r quantities only3 7#a7 ! size ( ! drop2 7#b7 ! height ( fall2 7#c7 ! value ( ! surface t5sion2 7#d7 ! viscosity ( ! liquid4 ,! next s]ies ( draw+s illu/rates ! spla% ( a drop ( wat] fall+ into wat]4 ,9 ord] ! bett] to di/+ui% ! liquid ( ! orig9al drop f t into :i* x falls1 ! latt] 0 col\r$ ) ink or ) an anil9e dye1 & ! drop itself 0 ( wat] r5d]$ turbid ) f9ely-divid$ matt] 9 susp5sion4 ,f9ally drops ( milk 7 f\nd to be v suitable = ! purpose1 ! sub/itution ( milk = wat] n produc+ any obs]vable *ange 9 ! ph5om5on4 ,9 ,s]ies ,,ii4 ! drop fell #c in*es1 & 0 #a_/e in* 9 diamet]4 ,9 mo/ ( ! figures ( ?is & ( succe$+ s]ies ! c5tral :ite pat* repres5ts ! orig9al drop1 & ! :ite p>ts r\nd x repres5t ^? rais$ portions ( ! liquid :i* cat* ! light4 ,! numb]s "u ea* figure give ! "t int]val 9 seconds f ! occurr5ce ( ! fir/ figure1 or ( ! figure m>k$ ,tau #j4 ,,s]ies ,,ii4 ,! ,spla% ( a ,drop1 foll[$ 9 detail by ,in/antane\s ,illum9ation4 ,diamet] ( ,drop1 #a_/e in*4 ,height ( ,fall1 #c-a_/e in*es4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,tau #j sec4 ,illu/ration3 #b ,tau #j sec4 ,illu/ration3 #c ,tau 4#jjig sec4 ,illu/ration3 #d ,tau 4#jcib sec4 ,illu/ration3 #e ,tau 4#jcib sec4 ,illu/ration3 #f ,illu/ration3 #g ,tau 4#jigi sec4 ,illu/ration3 #h ,tau 4#ajie sec4 ,illu/ration3 #i ,tau 4#afg sec4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! drop flatt5s itself out some:at1 & desc5ds at ! bottom ( a holl[ ) a rais$ bead$ edge 7,fig4 #b74 ,?is edge w\ld be smoo? & circul> b = ! in/ability :i* causes x to topple into drops4 ,z ! drop desc5ds ! holl[ becomes wid] & deep]1 & f9ally closes ov] ! drop 7,fig4 #c71 :i*1 h[ev]1 soon aga9 em]ges z ! holl[ flatt5s out1 appe>+ fir/ ne>1 b /ill bel[ ! surface 7,fig4 #d71 9 a flatt5$1 lob$ =m1 aft]w>ds ris+ z a column some:at mix$ ) adh]5t wat]1 9 :i* traces ( ! lobes are at fir/ v visible4 ,! ris+ column1 :i* is ne>ly cyl9drical1 breaks up into drops be=e or dur+ its subsequ5t desc5t into ! liquid4 ,z x disappe>s bel[ ! surface ! outw>d & d[nw>d fl[ causes a holl[ to be aga9 =m$1 up ! sides ( :i* an annulus ( milk is c>ri$1 :ile ! rema9d] desc5ds to be torn aga9 a second "t into a vortex r+1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is liable to di/urbance f ! fall+ 9 ( ! drops :i* once =m$ ! upp] "p ( ! reb\nd+ column4 ,x is n difficult to recognize "s features ( ?is spla% )\t any app>atus beyond a cup ( tea & a spoonful ( milk4 ,any dr9k] ( aft]noon tea1 aft] ! tea is p\r$ out & be=e ! milk is put 91 may let ! milk fall into x drop by drop f "o or two in*es above x4 ,! reb\nd+ column w be se5 to consi/ almo/ entirely ( milk1 & to break up into drops 9 ! mann] describ$1 :ile ! vortex r+1 ^: core is ( milk1 may be se5 to %oot d[n into ! liquid4 ,b ?is is bett] obs]v$ by dropp+ ink into a tumbl] ( cle> wat]4 ,let u n[ increase ! height ( fall to #ag in*es4 ,s]ies ,,iii4 exhibits ! result4 ,all ! *>act]i/ics ( ! la/ spla% are m /rongly m>k$4 ,9 ,fig4 #a we h caught sight ( ! little rais$ rim ( ! holl[ be=e x 0 head$1 b 9 ,fig4 #b special *annels ( easie/ fl[ h be5 already det]m9$4 ,! numb] ( ribs & rays 9 ?is basket-%ap$ holl[ seem$ to v>y a good deal ) diff]5t drops1 z also did ! numb] ( arms & lobes se5 9 lat] figures1 9 a some:at puzzl+ mann]1 & ,i made no attempt to select draw+s :i* are 9 agreem5t 9 ?is respect4 ,x w be und]/ood t ^! rays conta9 little or none ( ! liquid ( ! drop1 :i* rema9s collect$ toge!r 9 ! middle4 ,drops f ^! rays or f ! l>g] arms & lobes ( subsequ5t figures are (t5 ?r[n (f high into ! air4 ,9 ,figs4 #c & #d ! drop is clean gone bel[ ! surface ( ! holl[1 :i* is n[ deep] & l>g] ?an be=e4 ,! beautiful bead$ annul> edge !n subsides1 & 9 ,fig4 #e we see ! drop aga91 & 9 ,fig4 #f x beg9s to em]ge4 ,b al?\gh ! drop has fall5 f a great] height ?an 9 ! previ\s spla%1 ! en]gy ( ! impact1 in/ead ( be+ exp5d$ 9 rais+ ! same am\nt ( liquid to a great] height1 is n[ sp5t 9 lift+ a mu* ?ick] adh]5t column to ab\t ! same height z 9 ! la/ spla%4 ,!re 0 sometimes notic$1 z se5 9 ,fig4 #i1 a t5d5cy 9 ! wat] to fl[ up pa/ ! milk1 :i*1 /ill comp>atively unmix$ ) wat]1 rides triumphant on ! top ( ! em]g5t column4 ,! great] relative ?ickness ( ?is column prev5ts x splitt+ into drops1 & ,figs4 #aj & #aa %[ x desc5d+ bel[ ! surface to =m ! holl[ ( ,fig4 #ab1 up ! sides ( :i* an annul> film ( milk is c>ri$ 7,figs4 #ab & #ac71 hav+ be5 deta*$ f ! c5tral mass1 :i* desc5ds to be torn aga91 ?is "t c5trally into a well-m>k$ vortex r+4 ,,s]ies ,,iii4 ,! ,spla% ( a ,drop1 foll[$ 9 detail by ,in/antane\s ,illum9ation4 ,diamet] ( ,drop1 #a_/e in*4 ,height ( ,fall1 #a ft4 #e 94 ,illu/ration3 #a ,tau #j sec4 ,illu/ration3 #b ,tau 4#jcad sec4 ,illu/ration3 #c ,tau 4#jcag sec4 ,illu/ration3 #d ,tau 4#jchi sec4 ,illu/ration3 #e ,tau 4#jdih sec4 ,illu/ration3 #f ,tau 4#jeea sec4 ,illu/ration3 #g ,tau 4#jgei sec4 ,illu/ration3 #h ,tau 4#jija sec4 ,illu/ration3 #i ,illu/ration3 #aj ,illu/ration3 #aa ,illu/ration3 #ab ,tau 4#bie sec4 ,illu/ration3 #ac ,illu/ration3 #ad ,if we keep to ! same size ( drop & increase ! fall to some?+ ov] a y>d1 no great *ange occurs 9 ! nature ( ! spla%1 b ! em]g5t column is r high] & ?9n] & %[s a t5d5cy to split into drops4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we d\ble ! volume ( ! drop & raise ! height ( fall to #eb in*es1 ! spla% ( ,s]ies ,,iv4 is obta9$1 :i* is beg9n+ to assume q a diff]5t "*4 ,! rais$ rim ( ! previ\s s]ies is n[ develop$ into a holl[ %ell ( consid]able height1 :i* t5ds to close ov] ! drop4 ,?is %ell or dome is a *>act]i/ic feature ( all spla%es made by l>ge drops fall+ f a consid]able height1 & is extremely beautiful4 ,9 ! spla% at pres5t "u consid]ation x does n always succe$ 9 clos+ p]man5tly1 b op5s out z x subsides1 & is foll[$ by ! em]g5ce ( ! drop 7,fig4 #h74 ,9 ,fig4 #i ! return wave ov]:elms ! drop = an in/ant1 b x is aga9 se5 at ! summit ( ! column 9 ,fig4 #aj4 ,,s]ies ,,iv4 ,! ,spla% ( a ,drop1 foll[$ 9 detail by ,in/antane\s ,illum9ation4 ,diamet] ( ,drop1 #a_/d in*4 ,height ( ,fall1 #d ft4 #d 94 ,illu/ration3 #a ,tau #j sec4 ,illu/ration3 #b ,tau 4#jjba sec4 ,illu/ration3 #c ,tau 4#jjdb sec4 ,illu/ration3 #d ,tau 4#jafe sec4 ,illu/ration3 #e ,tau 4#jbjf sec4 ,illu/ration3 #f ,tau 4#jddc sec4 ,illu/ration3 #g ,tau 4#jdhb sec4 ,illu/ration3 #h ,tau 4#jeie sec4 ,illu/ration3 #i ,tau 4#jgjg sec4 ,illu/ration3 #aj ,illu/ration3 #aa ,b on o!r occasions ! %ell or dome ( ,figs4 #d & #e closes p]man5tly ov] ! imprison$ air1 ! liquid !n fl[+ d[n ! sides1 :i* become ?9n] & ?9n]1 till at l5g? we are left ) a l>ge bubble float+ on ! wat] 7see ,s]ies ,v474 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! fl[ ( liquid d[n ! sides is *iefly along def9ite *annels1 :i* are probably det]m9$ by ! arms ?r[n up at an e>li] /age4 ,! bubble is g5]ally creas$ by ! weight ( ! liquid along ^! *annels4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! base ( ! bubble is 9 a /ate ( oscillation1 & t ! :ole is liable to bur/ at any mom5t1 :5 su* figures z #f & #g ( ! previ\s s]ies w be se54 ,illu/ration3 ,,s]ies ,v4 ,! ,spla% ( a ,drop1 foll[$ 9 detail by ,in/antane\s ,illum9ation4 ,! ,size ( ,drop & ,height ( ,fall are ! same z be=e1 b ! holl[ %ell 7see figs4 #d & #e ( ! previ\s ,s]ies7 does n succe$ 9 op5+1 b is left z a bubble on ! surface4 ,?is expla9s ! =mation ( bubbles :5 big ra9-drops fall into a pool ( wat]4 ,su* is ! hi/ory ( ! build+ ( ! bubbles :i* big ra9-drops leave on ! smoo? wat] ( a lake1 or pond1 or puddle4 ,only ! bigg] drops c d x1 & ref]5ce to ! numb] at ! side ( ,fig4 #e ( ,s]ies ,,iv4 %[s t ! dome is rais$ 9 ab\t two-hundr$?s ( a second4 ,%\ld ! domes fail to close1 or %\ld !y op5 aga91 we h ! em]g5t columns :i* any att5tive obs]v] w readily recognize1 & :i* h nev] be5 bett] describ$ ?an by ,mr4 ,r4,l4 ,/ev5son1 :o1 9 8 delightful ,inl& ,voyage1 speaks ( ! surface ( ! ,belgian canals along :i* he 0 canoe+1 z ?r[n up by ! ra9 into an inf9ity ( little cry/al f\nta9s4 ,v beautiful =ms ( ! same type inde$1 b diff]5t 9 detail1 are ^? produc$ by a drop ( wat] fall+ into ! light] & m mobile liquid1 petroleum4 ,x w n[ be int]e/+ to turn to ! spla% t is produc$ :5 a solid sph]e1 su* z a *ild's m>ble1 falls into wat]4 ,i f\nd to my great surprise t ! "* ( ! spla%1 at any rate up to a height ( #d or #e feet1 dep5ds entirely on ! /ate ( ! surface ( ! sph]e4 ,a poli%$ sph]e ( m>ble ab\t #j4f ( an in* 9 diamet]1 rubb$ v dry ) a clo? j be=eh& & dropp$ f a height ( #b feet into wat]1 gave ! figures ( ,s]ies ,,vi41 9 :i* x is se5 t ! wat] spreads ov] ! sph]e s rapidly1 t x is %ea!d ) ! liquid ev5 be=e x has pass$ bel[ ! g5]al level ( ! surface4 ,! spla% is insignificantly small & ( v %ort duration4#c ,if ! dry+ & poli%+ be n s p]fect1 ! configurations ( ,s]ies ,,vii4 are produc$2 :ile if ! sph]e be r\gh5$ ) s&pap]1 or left wet1 ,s]ies ,,viii4 is obta9$1 9 :i* x w be p]ceiv$ t1 z 0 ! case ) ! liquid drop1 ! wat] is driv5 away lat]ally1 =m+ ! ribb$ basket-%ap$ holl[1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n[ prolong$ to a great dep?1 ! drop be+ foll[$ by a cone ( air1 :ile ! wat] seems to f9d great difficulty 9 wett+ ! surface completely4 ,"p ( ?is column ( air 0 c>ri$ d[n at lea/ #af in*es1 & !n only deta*$ :5 ! sph]e /ruck ! bottom ( ! vessel4 ,,s]ies ,,vi41 ,,vii4 ,spla% ( a ,solid ,sph]e 7a m>ble #a_/b in* 9 diamet] fall+ #b feet into wat]74 ,illu/ration3 ,,s]ies ,,vi4 ,:5 ! sph]e is dry & poli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s]ies ,,vii4 ,:5 ! sph]e is n well dri$ & poli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s]ies ,,viii4 ,! ,spla% ( a ,solid ,sph]e--7cont9u$47 ,:5 ! sph]e is r\gh or wet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s]ies ,,ix4 ,! ,spla% ( a ,solid ,sph]e--7cont9u$47 ,:5 ! sph]e is r\gh or wet1 & falls above #e feet4 ,figs4 #f & #g %[ ! crat] fall+ 91 b ?is did n always happ51 = ! walls (t5 clos$ ov] ! holl[ exactly z 9 ,figs4 #d & #e ( ,s]ies ,,iv4 ,mean:ile ! long & ne>ly cyl9drical portion bel[ breaks up into bubbles :i* rise quickly to ! surface4 ,by increas+ ! fall to #e feet we obta9 ! figures ( ,s]ies ,,ix4 ,! tube ( ,fig4 #a corresponds to ! dome ( ,s]ies ,,iv4 & ,v41 & is n only elevat$ to a surpris+ height1 b is also 9 ! act ( cleav+ 7! outl9e be+ approximately t ( ! unduloid ( ,m4 ,plateau74 ,figs4 #b & #c %[ ! bubble =m$ by ! clos+ up ( ?is tube1 weigh$ d[n 9 ! c5tre z 9 ,figs4 #e & #f ( ,s]ies ,v4 ,simil> results 7 obta9$ ) o!r liquids1 su* z petroleum & alcohol4 ,x is easy to %[ 9 a v /rik+ mann] ! p>am\nt influ5ce ( ! condition ( ! solid surface4 ,i h "h a numb] ( simil> m>bles2 ?is set has be5 well poli%$ by rubb+ ) wa% lea!r4 ,i drop !m "o by "o ?r\gh a space ( ab\t #a foot into ?is deep1 wide1 cyl9drical glass vessel1 light$ up by a lamp plac$ beh9d x4 ,y see ea* m>ble ent]s noiselessly & ) h>dly a visible trace ( spla%4 ,n[ ,i pick !m out & drop !m 9 aga9 7or to save tr\ble1 ,i drop 9 ! place ( ^! o!r wet ones71 ev]y?+ is *ang$4 ,y see h[ ! air is c>ri$ to ! v bottom ( ! vessel1 & y he> ! phloisbos ( ! bubbles z !y rise to ! surface & bur/4 ,^! dry b r\gh m>bles behave 9 mu* ! same way4 ,su* are ! ma9 features ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,spla%es1 z ,i made x out betwe5 ?irte5 & eighte5 ye>s ago4 ,be=e pass+ on to ! photographs t ,i h s9ce obta9$1 ,i desire to add a few words ( comm5t4 ,i h n till n[ allud$ to any imp]fections 9 ! tim+ app>atus4 ,b no app>atus ( ! k9d c be absolutely p]fect1 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 :5 ev]y?+ is adju/$ s z to display a p>ticul> /age1 x w happ5 t 9 a succession ( obs]vations !re is a c]ta9 v>iation 9 :at is se54 ,?us ! configuration view$ may be said to oscillate slightly ab\t ! mean = :i* ! app>atus is adju/$4 ,n[ ?is is due bo? to small imp]fections 9 ! tim+ app>atus & to ! fact t ! spla%es !mselves d actually v>y )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,! reasons are n v f> to seek4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! rate ( demagnetization ( ! electro-magnets v>ies slightly1 be+ p>tly dep5d5t on ! v>y+ resi/ance ( ! contacts ( cross$ wires1 p>tly on ! temp]ature ( ! magnet1 :i* is affect$ by ! l5g? ( "t = :i* ! curr5t has be5 runn+4 ,b a mu* m important reason is ! v>iation ( ! slight adhesion ( ! drop to ! smok$ wat*-glass t has support$ x1 & consequ5tly ( ! oscillations to :i*1 z we %all see1 ! drop is subject$ z x desc5ds4 ,?us ! drop w sometimes /rike ! surface 9 a flatt5$ =m1 at o!rs 9 an elongat$ =m1 & !re w be a diff]5ce1 n only 9 ! "t ( impact1 b 9 ! nature ( ! ensu+ spla%2 consequ5tly "s judgm5t is requir$ 9 select+ a consecutive s]ies ( draw+s4 ,! only way is to make a consid]able numb] ( draw+s ( ea* /age1 & !n to pick out a consecutive s]ies4 ,n[1 :5ev] judgm5t has to be us$1 !re is room = error ( judgm5t1 & moreov]1 x is impossible to put toge!r ! draw+s s z to tell a consecutive /ory1 )\t be+ guid$ by "s !ory1 su* z ,i h already sket*$1 z to ! nature ( ! motion & ! conditions t gov]n x4 ,y w !re=e be good en\gh to rememb] t ?is *ronicle ( ! ev5ts ( a t5? ( a second is n a me*anical record b is pres5t$ by a fallible human hi/orian1 ^: acc\nt1 l t ( any o!r contempor>y obs]v]1 w be none ! worse = indep5d5t confirmation4 ,t confirmation is =tunately obta9able4 ,9 an attempt made eighte5 ye>s ago to photograph ! spla% ( a drop ( m]cury1 ,i 0 unable to procure plates suffici5tly s5sitive to respond to ! v %ort exposures t 7 requir$1 & consequ5tly ab&on$ ! endeav\r4 ,b 9 rec5t ye>s plates ( exquisite s5sitiv5ess h be5 produc$1 & su* photographs z ^? tak5 by ,mr4 ,boys ( a fly+ rifle bullet h %[n t difficulties on ! score ( s5sitiv5ess h be5 practically ov]come4 ,)9 ! la/ few weeks1 ) ! valuable assi/ance ( my colleague at ,devonport1 ,mr4 ,r4,s4 ,cole1 ,i h succe$$ 9 obta9+ photographs ( v>i\s spla%es4 ,foll[+ ,pr(4 ,boys' sugge/ion1 we employ$ ,?omas's cycli/ plates1 or occasionally ! less s5sitive extra-rapid plates ( ! same mak]s1 & z a develop]1 ,eikonog5 solution ( triple /r5g?1 9 :i* ! plates 7 kept = ab\t #dj m9utes1 ! developm5t be+ conduct$ 9 complete d>kness4 ,a few prelim9>y trials ) ! self-induction sp>k produc$ at ! surface ( m]cury by ! app>atus t y h se5 at "w1 %[$ t ! illum9ation1 ?\gh ample = direct vision1 0 n suffici5t = photography4 ,:5 ! curr5t /r5g? 0 increas$1 s z to make ! illum9ation bright en\gh = ! cam]a1 !n ! sp>k became ( too great duration1 = x la/$ = betwe5 #d & #e ?\s&?s ( a second1 )9 :i* "t !re 0 v p]ceptible motion ( ! drop & consequ5t blurr+4 ,x 0 !re=e necess>y to modify ! app>atus s z to employ a ,leyd5-j> sp>k ^: duration 0 probably less ?an #aj-million?s ( a second4 ,a v slight *ange 9 ! app>atus r5d]$ x suitable = ! new conditions1 b "t does n p]mit me to describe ! arrangem5ts 9 detail4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 less necess>y to d s z ! me?od is 9 all ess5tials ! same z t describ$ 9 ?is room two ye>s ago by ,"l ,rayleigh 9 connection ) ! photography ( a break+ soap-film4#d ,i !re=e pass at once to ! photographs !mselves4 ,! fir/ two s]ies 7,x4 & ,,xi47 may be describ$ z %ad[ photographs2 !y 7 obta9$ by all[+ a drop ( m]cury to fall on to ! nak$ photographic plate itself1 ! illum9at+ sp>k be+ produc$ v]tically above x1 & !y give only a horizontal section ( ! drop 9 v>i\s /ages1 reveal+ ! =m ( ! outl9e ( ! "p 9 contact ) ! plate1 b ( c\rse tell+ no?+ ab\t ! %ape ( ! p>ts above4 ,! fir/ s]ies corresponds to a m]cury spla% v simil> to t fir/ describ$1 & ! second to ! spla% ( a l>g] drop su* z 0 n describ$4 ,9 ea* s]ies1 ! te>+ ( ! ?9 c5tral film to :i* allusion 0 made is well illu/rat$4 ,i ?9k ! fir/ comm5t t any "o w\ld make is t ! photographs1 :ile !y be> out ! draw+s 9 _m details1 %[ great] irregul>ity ?an ! draw+s w\ld h l$ "o to expect4 ,on ?is po9t ,i %all pres5tly h some?+ to say4 ,,s]ies ,x4 7#a7 ,in/antane\s ,%ad[ ,photographs 7life size7 ( ! ,spla% ( a ,drop ( ,m]cury fall+ #h cm4 on to ! ,photographic ,plate4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,actual size ( ! ,drop1 #d4hc mm4 ,illu/ration3 #b ,tau #j ,illu/ration3 #c ,illu/ration3 #d ,illu/ration3 #e ,illu/ration3 #f ,illu/ration3 #g ,tau 4#jdh sec4 ,,s]ies ,,xi4 7#b7 ,in/antane\s ,%ad[ ,photographs 7life size7 ( ! ,spla% ( a ,drop ( ,m]cury fall+ #ae cm4 on to ,glass4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,actual size1 #d4hc mm4 9 diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 #b ,tau #j sec4 ,illu/ration3 #c ,illu/ration3 #d #d;,a ,tau 4#jjcb sec4 ,illu/ration3 #e ,tau 4#jjfc sec4 ,illu/ration3 #e;,a ,tau 4#jjid sec4 ,illu/ration3 #f ,tau 4#jacd sec4 ,comp>+ ! fir/ set ( draw+s 7pp4 #bj-bd7 ) ! photographs ( ,s]ies ,x41 x w be se5 t ,photograph #b corresponds to draw+ #d or #e #c #i #d #ah #f #bj #g #bd b ! irregul>ity ( ! la/ photograph almo/ masks ! resemblance4 ,,s]ies ,,xii4 ,engrav+s f ,in/antane\s ,photographs 7#af_/ag ( ! real size7 ( ! ,spla% ( a ,drop ( ,m]cury1 #d4hc mm4 9 diamet]1 fall+ #h4i cm4 on to a h>d poli%$ surface4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,illu/ration3 #b ,tau #j sec4 ,illu/ration3 #c ,illu/ration3 #d ,illu/ration3 #e ,illu/ration3 #f ,tau 4#jaie sec4 ,s]ies ,,xii4 gives an objective view ( a m]cury spla% z tak5 by ! cam]a4 ,only ! fir/ ( ?is s]ies %[s any detail 9 ! int]ior4 ,! poli%$ surface ( ! m]cury is1 9 fact1 v tr\blesome to illum9ate1 & ?is spla% prov$ ! mo/ difficult ( all to photograph4 ,s]ies ,,xiii4 %[s ! spla% ( a drop ( milk fall+ on to a smok$ glass plate1 on :i* x runs ab\t )\t adhesion j z m]cury w\ld4 ,"h !re is m ( detail4 ,9 ,fig4 #d ! c5tral film is s ?9 9 ! middle t ! black plate b5ea? x is se5 ?r\gh ! liquid4 ,9 ,fig4 #h ?is film has be5 torn4 ,s]ies ,,xiv4 exhibits ! spla% ( a wat] drop fall+ into milk4 ,! fir/ f\r photographs %[ ! oscillations ( ! drop ab\t a mean sph]ical figure z x approa*es ! surface4 ,9 ! subsequ5t figures x w be notic$ t ! arms :i* are ?r[n up at fir/1 aft]w>ds segm5t into drops :i* fly (f & subside 7see ,fig4 #h71 to be foll[$ by a second s]ies :i* aga9 subside 7,fig4 #aa71 to be aga9 succe$$ by a ?ird set4 ,9 fact1 s long z !re is any d[nw>d mom5tum ! drop & ! air beh9d x are p5etrat+ ! liquid1 & s long mu/ !re be an upw>d fl[ ( displac$ liquid4 ,mu* ( ?is fl[ is se5 to be direct$ into ! arms along ! *annels det]m9$ by ! segm5tation ( ! annul> rim4 ,?is reproduction ( ! lobes & arms "t aft] "t on a v>y+ scale goes f> to expla9 ! puzzl+ v>iations 9 _! numb] :i* ,i m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! draw+s4 ,i _h n1 inde$1 suspect$ ?is1 :i* is "o ( ! few new po9ts t ! photographs h s f> reveal$4#e ,,s]ies ,,xiii4 ,engrav+s ( ,in/antane\s ,photographs 7#af_/ag ( ! real size7 ( ! ,spla% ( a ,drop ( ,milk fall+ #bj cm4 on to smok$ glass4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,illu/ration3 #b ,tau #j sec4 ,illu/ration3 #c ,tau 4#jjbe sec4 7,x 0 n f\nd possible to reproduce satisfactorily ! miss+ figures ( ?is s]ies47 ,illu/ration3 #g ,tau 4#jabh sec4 ,illu/ration3 #h ,tau 4#jadi sec4 ,illu/ration3 #i ,tau 4#jadi sec4 ,,s]ies ,,xiv4 ,engrav+s ( ,in/antane\s ,photographs ( ! ,spla% ( a ,drop ( ,wat] fall+ #dj cm4 into ,milk4 ,scale ab\t #f_/aj ( actual size4 ,illu/ration3 #a ,illu/ration3 #b ,illu/ration3 #c ,illu/ration3 #d ,tau #j sec4 ,illu/ration3 #e ,illu/ration3 #f ,tau 4#jjef sec4 ,illu/ration3 #g ,tau 4#jafc sec4 ,illu/ration3 #h ,illu/ration3 #i ,tau 4#jahb sec4 ,illu/ration3 #aj ,tau 4#jaig sec4 ,illu/ration3 #aa ,tau 4#jbfb sec4 ,illu/ration3 #ab ,tau 4#jcia sec4 ,illu/ration3 #ac ,tau 4#jead sec4 ,illu/ration3 #ad ,tau 4#jfja sec4 ,illu/ration3 #ae ,illu/ration3 #af ,tau 4#jhj sec4 ,illu/ration3 #ag ,illu/ration3 #ah ,tau 4#aja sec4 ,) respect to ^! photographs1#f ! cr$it ( :i* ,i hope y w attribute fir/ly to ! inv5tors ( ! s5sitive plates1 & secondly to ! skill & exp]i5ce ( ,mr4 ,cole1 ,i desire to add t !y are1 z f> z we "k1 ! fir/ really detail$ objective views t h be5 obta9$ ) any?+ approa*+ s %ort an exposure4 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,boys' wond]ful photographs ( fly+ bullets 7 aft] all b %ad[-photographs1 & did n s /rik+ly illu/rate ! extreme s5sitiv5ess ( ! plates1 & ,i want y to di/+ui% betwe5 su* & :at 7to borr[ ,mr4 ,f4,j4 ,smi?'s phrase7 ,i call an objective view4 ,x rema9s only to speak ( ! great] irregul>ity 9 ! arms & rays z %[n by ! photographs4 ,! po9t is a curi\s & int]e/+ "o4 ,9 ! fir/ place ,i h to confess t 9 look+ ov] my orig9al draw+s ,i f9d records ( _m irregul> or unsymmetrical figures1 yet 9 compil+ ! hi/ory x has be5 inevitable t ^! %\ld be reject$1 if only because id5tical irregul>ities nev] recur4 ,?us ! m9d ( ! obs]v] is fill$ ) an ideal spla%--an ,auto-,spla%--^: p]fection may nev] be actually realiz$4 ,b 9 ! second place1 :5 ! spla% is ne>ly regul> x is v difficult to detect irregul>ity4 ,?is is easily prov$ by project+ on ! scre5 ) in/antane\s illum9ation su* a photograph z t ( ,s]ies ,x41 ,fig4 #f4 ,my exp]i5ce is t mo/ p]sons pron\nce :at !y h se5 to be a regul> & symmetrical />-%ap$ figure1 & !y are surpris$ :5 !y come to exam9e x by detail 9 cont9u\s light to f9d h[ f> ?is is f ! tru?4 ,especially is ?is ! case if no irregul>ity is suspect$ be=eh&4 ,i believe t ! obs]v]1 usually f9d+ himself unable to att5d to m ?an a portion ( ! rays 9 ! sy/em1 is liable in/9ctively to pick out = att5tion a "p ( ! circumf]5ce :]e !y are regul>ly spac$1 & to fill up ! re/ 9 imag9ation1 & t :]e a ray may be really abs5t he pref]s to consid] t x has be5 imp]fectly view$4 ,?is op9ion is confirm$ by ! fact t 9 sev]al cases1 ,i h be5 able to obs]ve ) ! nak$ eye a spla% t 0 also simultane\sly photograph$1 & h made ! memor&um q regul>1 ?\gh ! photograph subsequ5tly %[$ irregul>ity4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be obs]v$ t ! absolute d>kness & o!r conditions necess>y = photography are n v fav\rable = direct vision4 ,& n[ my tale is told1 or r z mu* ( x z ! limits ( ! "t all[$ me w p]mit4 ,i ?9k y w agree t ! ph5om5a are v beautiful1 & t ! subject1 commonplace & famili> ?\gh x is1 has yet prov$ wor?y ( an h\r's att5tion4 ,,! ,,end4 ,ri*>d ,clay ,sons1 ,limit$1 ,london ,bungay4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,see ,wor?+ton on ! ,spontane\s ,segm5tation ( a ,liquid ,annulus1 ,proce$+s ,royal ,society1 ,no4 #bjj1 p4 #di 7#ahgi74 #b ,read]s :o wi% a m detail$ acc\nt ( a great] v>iety ( spla%es are ref]r$ to pap]s by ! au?or4 ,proce$+s ,royal ,society1 vol4 xxv4 pp4 #bfa & #dih 7#ahgg72 & vol4 xxxiv4 p4 #bag 7#ahhb74 #c ,photographs obta9$ s9ce ?is 0 writt5 %[ t mu* may happ5 aft] ! /ages "h trac$4 #d ,a detail$ acc\nt ( ! optical1 me*anical1 & electrical arrangem5ts employ$1 writt5 by ,mr4 ,cole1 w be f\nd 9 ,nature1 vol4 i41 p4 #bbb 7,july #e1 #ahid74 #e ,! black /reaks1 se5 especially 9 ,figs4 #aa1 #ae1 & #af1 are due to p>ticles ( lamp-black c>ri$ d[n by ! drop f ! surface ( ! smok$ wat*-glass on :i* x re/$4 #f ,?ree ( ^! photographs1 viz4 ,nos4 #aa1 #ab1 & #ag1 are reproduc$ full size1 z a frontispiece1 by a photographic process1 to enable ! read] to =m a m correct idea ?an c be ga!r$ f ! engrav+s1 ( ! am\nt ( detail actually obta9$1 ?\gh ev5 9 ^! reproductions mu* is inevitably lo/4 ,,! ,,romance ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,small po/ #hvo4 ,illu/rat$4 ,clo? bo>ds4 s4 d4 ,coal2 & ,:at ,we get f ,x4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,raphael ,,meldola1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,i4,c4 #b #f ,col\r ,measurem5t & ,mixture4 ,by ,capta9 ,w4 ,,de ,w4 ,,abney1 ,c4,b41 ,r4,e41 ,f4,r4,s4 #b #f ,diseases ( ,plants4 ,by ,h4 ,,m>%all ,,w>d1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,l4,s4 #b #f ,our ,secret ,fri5ds & ,foes4 ,by ,,p]cy ,,f>aday ,,frankl&1 ,ph4,d41 ,b4,sc4 7,lond471 ,f4,r4,s4 ,second ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$ #c #j ,soap ,bubbles & ! ,=ces :i* ,m\ld ,!m4 ,by ,c4,v4 ,,boys1 ,a4,r4,s4,m41 ,f4,r4,s4 #b #f ,sp9n+ ,tops4 ,by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,,p]ry1 ,m4,e41 ,d4,sc1 ,f4,r4,s4 #b #f ,! ,bir? & ,gr[? ( ,worlds4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,gre51 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s4 #b #f ,! ,mak+ ( ,fl[]s4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,,george ,,h5sl[1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,g4,s4 #b #f ,! ,/ory ( a ,t9d]-,box4 ,by ! late ,c4 ,,meymott ,,tidy1 ,m4,b41 ,m4,s41 ,f4,c4,s4 #b #j ,"t & ,tide3 a ,romance ( ! ,moon4 ,by ,sir ,,rob]t ,s4 ,,ball1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,?ird ,edition revis$ #b #f ,,publications ,,( ,,! ,society = ,promot+ ,*ri/ian ,k4 ,publications ( ,! ,society = ,promot+ ,*ri/ian ,k4 ,e>ly ,brita94 ,?is is a ,s]ies ( books :i* has = its aim ! pres5tation ( ,e>ly ,brita9 at great ,hi/oric ,p]iods4 ,anglo-,saxon ,brita94 ,by ! late ,,grant ,,all54 ,) ,map4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,celtic ,brita94 ,by ,pr(essor ,,rhys4 ,) two ,maps4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #cs4 ,norman ,brita94 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,hunt4 ,) ,map4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,po/-,norman ,brita94 ,by ,,h5ry ,g4 ,,hewlett4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #cs4 ,roman ,brita94 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,edw>d ,,conybe>e4 ,) ,map4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,roman ,roads 9 ,brita94 ,by ,,?omas ,,codr+ton1 ,m4,in/4,c4,e41 ,f4,g4,s4 ,) sev]al ,maps4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #es4 ,,! ,,hea!n ,,_w ,,& ,,/4 ,,paul4 ,?is ,s]ies is int5d$ to ?r[ light ^u ! ,writ+s & ,lab\rs ( ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 ea*4 ,/4 ,paul 9 ,damascus & ,arabia4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,,george ,,rawl9son1 ,m4,a41 ,canon ( ,cant]bury4 ,) ,map4 ,/4 ,paul at ,rome4 ,by ! ,v ,rev4 ,,*>les ,,m]ivale1 ,d4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,dean ( ,ely4 ,) ,map4 ,/4 ,paul 9 ,asia ,m9or & at ! ,syrian ,antio*4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,e4,h4 ,,plumptre1 ,d4,d4 ,) ,map4 ,,anci5t ,,hi/ory ,,f ,,! ,,monum5ts ,?is ,s]ies ( ,books is *iefly int5d$ to illu/rate ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures by ! results ( rec5t ,monum5tal ,rese>*es 9 ! ,ea/4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 ea*4 ,assyria1 f ! ,e>lie/ ,times to ! ,fall ( ,n9eveh4 ,by ! late ,,george ,,smi?1 ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,new & ,revis$ ,edition by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,a4,h4 ,,sayce4 ,s9ai1 f ! ,f\r? ,egyptian ,dyna/y to ! ,pres5t ,day4 ,by ! late ,,h5ry ,s4 ,,palm]1 ,major ,r4,e41 ,f4,r4,a4,s4 ,) ,map4 ,a ,new ,edition1 revis$ ?r\gh\t4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,a4,h4 ,,sayce4 ,babylonia 7,! ,hi/ory (74 ,by ! late ,,george ,,smi?4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,a4,h4 ,,sayce4 ,p]sia1 f ! ,e>lie/ ,p]iod to ! ,arab ,conque/4 ,by ! late ,w4,s4,w4 ,,vaux1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,a ,new ,edition4 ,revis$ by ! ,rev4 ,pr(essor ,a4,h4 ,,sayce4 ,,books ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,,( ,! ,*ronicles ( ! ,s*o5b]g-,cotta ,family4 ,by ! ,my/]y ( ,?y ,holy ,inc>nation4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #as4 ,by ,?y ,cross & ,passion4 ,?\ghts on ! words spok5 ar\nd & on ! ,cross4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #as4 ,by ,?y ,glori\s ,resurrection & ,asc5sion4 ,ea/] ,?\ghts4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #as4 ,by ! ,com+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,?\ghts = ,:itsuntide4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #as4 ,! ,true ,v9e4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #as4 ,! ,great ,pray] ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #as4 ,an ,old ,/ory ( ,be?lehem4 ,"o l9k 9 ! great ,p$igree4 ,fcap4 #dto1 ) six plates beautifully pr9t$ 9 col\rs4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 ,?ree ,m>tyrs ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,/udies f ! ,lives ( ,liv+/one1 ,gordon1 & ,patteson4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,m>tyrs & ,sa9ts ( ! ,fir/ ,twelve ,c5turies4 ,/udies f ! ,lives ( ! ,black-lett] ,sa9ts ( ! ,engli% ,cal5d>4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,aga9/ ! ,/ream4 ,! ,/ory ( an ,h]oic ,age 9 ,engl&4 ,) eight page woodcuts4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,conqu]+ & to ,conqu]4 ,a ,/ory ( ,rome 9 ! days ( ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,) f\r page woodcuts4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 ,laps$ n ,lo/4 ,a ,/ory ( ,roman ,c>?age4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 ,sket*es ( ! ,wom5 ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,?\ghts & ,*>act]s4 ,be+ ,selections f ! ,writ+s ( ! ,au?or ( ,! ,s*o5b]g-,cotta ,family4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bds41 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,fa!rs = ,engli% ,read]s4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 ea*4 ,boniface4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,canon ,,gregory ,,smi?1 ,m4,a4 7#as4 #f;d47 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,f4,r4 ,,montgom]y ,,hit*cock4 7#cs47 ,gregory ! ,great4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,j4 ,,b>mby1 ,b4,d4 ,leo ! ,great4 ,by ! ,"r ,rev4 ,c4 ,,gore1 ,d4,d4 ,sa9t ,ambrose3 8 ,life1 ,times1 & ,tea*+4 ,by ! ,v54 ,,ar*deacon ,,?ornton1 ,d4,d4 ,sa9t ,a?anasius3 8 ,life & ,times4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,,:el] ,,bu%4 7#bs4 #f;d47 ,sa9t ,augu/9e4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,e4,l4 ,,cutts1 ,d4,d4 ,sa9t ,basil ! ,great4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,ri*>d ,t4 ,,smi?1 ,b4,d4 ,sa9t ,b]n>d3 ,abbot ( ,clairvaux1 ,a4,d4 #ajia-aaec4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,s4,j4 ,,eales1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,c4,l4 7#bs4 #f;d47 ,sa9t ,hil>y ( ,poiti]s1 & ,sa9t ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,,gibson ,,caz5ove1 ,d4,d4 ,sa9t ,j]ome4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,cutts1 ,d4,d4 ,sa9t ,john ( ,damascus4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4,h4 ,,lupton1 ,m4,a4 ,sa9t ,patrick3 8 ,life & ,tea*+4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,e4,j4 ,,newell1 ,m4,a4 7#bs4 #f;d47 ,synesius ( ,cyr5e1 ,philosoph] & ,bi%op4 ,by ,,alice ,,g>dn]4 ,! ,apo/olic ,fa!rs4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,canon ,h4,s4 ,,holl&4 ,! ,def5d]s ( ! ,fai?2 or1 ,! ,*ri/ian ,apologi/s ( ! ,second & ,?ird ,c5turies4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,,watson1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,v5]able ,b$e4 ,by ! ,"r ,rev4 ,g4,f4 ,,br[ne1 ,d4,d4 ,diocesan ,hi/ories4 ,ba? & ,wells4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,hunt4 ,) ,map1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,cant]bury4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,r4,c4 ,,j5k9s4 ,) ,map1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,c>lisle4 ,by ! late ,,ri*>d ,s4 ,,f]guson4 ,) ,map1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,*e/]4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,rup]t ,h4 ,,morris1 ,d4,d4 ,) ,map1 #cs4 ,*i*e/]4 ,by ! late ,v ,rev4 ,w4,r4,w4 ,,/eph5s4 ,) ,map & ,plan1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,durham4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4,l4 ,,l[4 ,) ,map & ,plan1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,h]e=d4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,canon ,,phillott4 ,) ,map1 #cs4 ,li*field4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,w4 ,,b]es=d4 ,) ,map1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,l9coln4 ,by ! late ,canon ,e4 ,,v5ables1 & ! late ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,,p]ry4 ,) ,map1 #ds4 ,ll&aff4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,e4,j4 ,,newell1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,map1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,norwi*4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,,jessop1 ,d4,d4 ,) ,map1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,ox=d4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,,m>%all4 ,) ,map1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,pet]bor\gh4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,g4,a4 ,,poolem1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,map1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,ro*e/]4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,a4,j4 ,,pe>man1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,map1 #ds4 ,salisbury4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4,h4 ,,jones4 ,) ,map & ,plan1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,sodor & ,man4 ,by ,a4,w4 ,,moore1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,map1 #cs4 ,/4 ,asaph4 ,by ! ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,,?omas4 ,) ,map1 #bs4 ,/4 ,davids4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,canon ,,bevan4 ,) ,map1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,w9*e/]4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,b5ham1 ,b4,d4 ,) ,map1 #cs4 ,worce/]4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,,gregory ,,smi?1 ,m4,a41 & ! ,rev4 ,,phipps ,,onsl[1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,map1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,york4 ,by ,rev4 ,canon ,,ornsby1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,) ,map1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,miscellane\s ,publications4 ,a ,diction>y ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,cuttsm1 ,d4,d4 ,) num]\s ,woodcuts4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,?ird ,edition1 revis$4 ,aids to ,pray]4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,daniel ,,moore4 ,pr9t$ 9 r$ & black4 ,po/ #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,be+ ( ,god 7,six ,addresses on !74 ,by ,c4,j4 ,,ellicott1 ,d4,d41 ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/]4 ,po/ #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,bible ,places2 or1 ,! ,topography ( ! ,holy ,l&4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,canon ,,tri/ram4 ,) ,map & num]\s ,woodcuts4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,call$ to be ,sa9ts4 ,! ,m9or ,fe/ivals ,devotionally ,/udi$4 ,by ! late ,,*ri/9a ,g4 ,,rossetti1 ,au?or ( ,seek & ,f9d4 ,po/ #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,case = ,e/abli%m5t /at$ 7,!74 ,by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,,moore1 ,m4,a4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,pap] bo>ds1 #f;d4 ,*ri/ians "u ! ,cresc5t 9 ,asia4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,e4,l4 ,,cutts1 ,d4,d4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #e;d4 ,daily ,read+s = a ,ye>4 ,by ,,elizabe? ,,spoon]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,devotional 7,a7 ,life ( ,our ,"l4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,cutts1 ,d4,d41 ,au?or ( ,pa/oral ,c\nsels1 c4 ,po/ #hvo4 #es4 ,gold5 ,ye>1 ,!4 ,?\ghts = e mon?4 ,orig9al & ,select$4 ,by ,,emily ,c4 ,,orr1 ,au?or ( ,?\ghts = ,work+ ,days4 ,pr9t$ 9 r$ & black4 ,po/ #hvo4 #as4 ,gospels 7,! ,f\r74 ,arrang$ 9 ! ,=m ( an ,engli% ,h>mony1 f ! ,text ( ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,j4,m4 ,,full]4 ,) ,analytical ,table ( ,cont5ts & ,f\r ,maps4 #as4 ,holy ,eu*>i/1 ,! ,evid5tial ,value ( !4 ,be+ ! ,boyle ,lectures = #ahgi & #ahhj4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,g4,f4 ,,macle>1 ,d4,d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #ds4 ,l& ( ,israel 7,!74 ,a ,j\rnal ( ,travel 9 ,pale/9e1 und]tak5 ) special ref]5ce to its ,physical ,"*4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,canon ,,tri/ram4 ,) ,two ,maps & num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,l>ge ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,lectures on ! ,hi/orical & ,dogmatical ,position ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,bak]1 ,d4,d4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #as4 #f;d4 ,paley's ,evid5ces4 ,a ,new ,edition1 ) ,notes1 ,app5dix1 & ,preface4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,e4,a4 ,,litton4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #ds4 ,paley's ,horae ,paul9ae4 ,a ,new ,edition1 ) ,notes1 ,app5dix1 & ,preface4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,j4,s4 ,,h[son1 ,d4,d4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #cs4 ,peace ) ,god4 ,a ,manual = ! ,sick4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,,burbidge1 ,m4,a4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #as4 #f;d4 ,pla9 ,words = ,*ri/4 ,be+ a ,s]ies ( ,read+s = ,work+ ,m54 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,r4,g4 ,,dutton4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #as4 ,read+s on ! ,fir/ ,lessons = ,sundays & ,*ief ,holy ,days4 ,accord+ to ! ,new ,table4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,,pet] ,,"y4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,9 two volumes1 #es4 ,reflect$ ,lights4 ,f ,,*ri/9a ,,rossetti',s ,! ,face ( ! ,deep4 ,select$ & arrang$ by ,w4,m4,l4 ,,jay4 ,small po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,"s ,*ief ,tru?s ( ,religion4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,cutts1 ,d4,d41 ,au?or ( ,/4 ,c$d's ,cross1 c4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,?\ghts = ,m5 & ,wom54 ,,! ,,"l',s ,,pray]4 ,by ,,emily ,c4 ,,orr4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,limp clo?1 #as4 ,?\ghts = ,work+ ,days4 ,orig9al & ,select$4 ,by ,,emily ,c4 ,,orr4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,limp clo?1 #as4 ,"t ,flies2 a ,read+ ,di>y4 ,by ! late ,,*ri/9a ,g4 ,,rossetti4 ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,turn+ ,po9ts ( ,engli% ,*ur* ,hi/ory4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,cutts1 ,d4,d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,turn+ ,po9ts ( ,g5]al ,*ur* ,hi/ory4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,e4,l4 ,,cutts1 ,d4,d41 ,au?or ( ,pa/oral ,c\nsels4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo? bo>ds1 #ds4 ,v]ses4 ,by ! late ,,*ri/9a ,g4 ,,rossetti4 ,pr9t$ on h&-made pap]4 ,small ,po/ #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,london3 ,,nor?umb]l& ,,av5ue1 ,,*>+ ,,cross1 ,w4,c42 #dh1 ,,que5 ,,victoria ,,/reet1 ,e4,c4 ,,brighton3 #abi1 ,,nor? ,,/reet4