,price #ej ,cents ,special ,,winter ,,number of ,,the ,,international ,,studio ,,children',s ,,books ,,and ,,their ,,illustrators4 ,by ,,gleeson ,,white ,illustration ,,the ,,international ,,studio ,john ,lane1 #adj ,fifth ,avenue1 ,new ,york ,scribner's ,new ,books for the ,young ,mrs4 ,burnett's famous ,juveniles ,with all the original ,illustrations by ,reginald ,b4 ,birch4 #e vols4 ,each #abmo #a4be4 ,a writer in the ,boston ,post has said of ,mrs4 ,burnett3 ,she has a beauty of imagination and a spiritual insight into the meditations of childhood which are within the grasp of no other writer for children1--and these five volumes would indeed be difficult to match in child literature4 ,the new edition is from new plates1 with all the original illustrations by ,reginald ,b4 ,birch1 is bound in a handsome new cover4 ,little ,lord ,fauntleroy1 ,two ,little ,pilgrims' ,progress1 ,piccino and ,other ,child ,stories1 ,giovanni and the ,other1 ,sara ,crewe1 and ,little ,saint ,elizabeth and other ,stories 7in one volume74 ,three ,new ,volumes by ,g4 ,a4 ,henty ,illustrated by ,walter ,paget and ,w4 ,a4 ,margetson4 ,each #abmo #a4ej4 ,it would be a bitter year for the boys if ,mr4 ,henty were to fail them with a fresh assortment of his enthralling tales of adventure1 for1 as the ,london ,academy has said1 in this kind of story telling1 he stands in the very first rank4 ,with ,frederick the ,great is a tale of the ,seven ,years' ,war1 and has twelve full-page illustrations by ,wal4 ,paget2 ,a ,march on ,london details some stirring scenes of the times when ,wat ,tyler's motley crew took possession of that city1 and the illustrations are drawn by ,w4 ,a4 ,margetson1 while ,wal4 ,paget has supplied the pictures for ,with ,moore at ,corunna1 in which the boy hero serves through the ,peninsular ,war4 7,each #abmo1 #a4ej47 ,will ,shakespeare's ,little ,lad by ,imogen ,clarke ,with #h full-page ,illustrations by ,reginald ,b4 ,birch4 #abmo #a4ej4 ,the author has caught the true spirit of ,shakespeare's time1 and paints his home surroundings with a loving1 tender grace1 says the ,boston ,herald4 ,an ,old-,field ,school ,girl by ,marion ,harland 7,illustrated1 #abmo1 #a4be47 ,as pretty a story for girls as has been published in a long time1 says the ,buffalo ,express1 and the ,chicago ,tribune is even more appreciative3 ,compared with the average books of its class ',an ,old-,field ,school ,girl1' becomes a classic4 ,lullaby ,land ,verses by ,eugene ,field ,with #bjj fanciful ,illustrations by ,charles ,robinson4 7,uniform with ,stevenson's ,a ,child's ,garden7 #abmo #a4ej4 ,a collection of those dearly loved ',songs of ,childhood' by ,eugene ,field1 which have touched many hearts1 both old and young1 and will continue to do so as long as little children remain the joy of our homes4 ,it was a happy thought of the publisher to choose another such child lover and sympathizer as ,kenneth ,grahame to write the ,preface to the new edition1 and ,charles ,robinson to make the many quaint and most amusing illustrations4--,the ,evangelist4 ,with ,crockett and ,bowie by ,kirk ,munroe ,with #h full-page ,illustrations by ,victor ,s4 ,perard4 #abmo #a4ej4 ,this ,tale of ,texas2 or1 ,fighting for the ,lone ,star ,flag1 completes the author's ,white ,conqueror ,series4 ,the ,minneapolis ,tribune says3 ,it is a breezy and invigorating tale4 ,the characters1 although drawn from real life1 are surrounded by an atmosphere of romance and adventure which gives them the added fascination of being creatures of fiction1 and yet there is no straining for effect4 ,the ,naval ,cadet ,with #f full-page ,illustrations by ,william ,rainey1 ,r4 ,i4 ,crown #hvo #a4be4 ,a ,story of ,adventure on ,land and ,sea1 by ,,gordon ,,stables4 ,a stirring tale of seafaring and sea-fighting on the coasts of ,africa1 ,south ,america1 ,australia1 ,new ,guinea1 etc41 closing with a dramatic picture of the combat between the ,chinese and ,japanese fleets at ,yalu4 ,the ,stevenson ,song ,book ,with decorative borders4 #dto #b4jj4 ,in this large and handsome quarto1 twenty of the most lyrical poems from ,robert ,louis ,stevenson's ,child's ,garden of ,verse1 have been set to music by such composers as ,reginald ,de,koven1 ,arthur ,foote1 ,c4 ,w4 ,chadwick1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,villers ,stanford1 etc4 ,the volume is uniform with and a fitting companion to the popular ,field-,de-,koven ,song ,book4 ,twelve ,naval ,captains by ,molly ,elliot ,seawell ,with #ab full-page portraits4 #abmo #a4be4 ,miss ,seawell here tells the notable exploits of twelve heroes of our early navy3 ,john ,paul ,jones1 ,richard ,dale1 ,william ,bainbridge1 ,richard ,somers1 ,edward ,preble1 ,thomas ,truxton1 ,stephen ,decatur1 ,james ,lawrance1 ,isaac ,hull1 ,o4 ,h4 ,perry1 ,charles ,stewart1 ,thomas ,macdonough4 ,the book is illustrated attractively and makes a stirring and thrilling volume4 ,the ,knights of the ,round ,table ,with #be ,illustrations by ,s4 ,r4 ,benliegh4 #abmo #a4ej4 ,king ,arthur's ,knights and their connection with the mystic ,grail is here the subject of ,mr4 ,william ,henry ,frost's translation into child language4 ,many volumes have been prepared telling these wonderful legendary stories to young people1 but few are so admirably written as this work1 says the ,boston ,advertiser4 ,the ,last ,cruise of the ,mohawk by ,w4 ,j4 ,henderson ,illustrated by ,harry ,c4 ,edwards4 #abmo #a4be4 ,the ,observer says3 ,this is an exciting story that boys of today will appreciate thoroughly and devour greedily1 and the ,rochester ,democrat calls it an interesting and thrilling story4 ,the ,king of the ,broncos by ,charles ,f4 ,lummis ,illustrated by ,victor ,s4 ,perard4 #abmo #a4be4 ,the title story and the other ,tales of ,new ,mexico1 which ,mr4 ,lummis has here supplied for the younger generation1 have all his usual fascination4 ,he knows how to tell his thrilling stories in a way that is irresistible8 to boy readers4 ,the ,border ,wars of ,new ,england ,with #eh ,illustrations and map4 #abmo #a4be4 ,mr4 ,samuel ,adams ,drake is an expert at making history real and vital to children4 ,the ,boston ,advertiser says3 ,this is not a school book1 yet it is exceedingly well adapted to use in schools1 and at the same time will enrich and adorn the library of every ,american who is so fortunate or so judicious as to place it on his shelves4 ,the ,golden ,galleon by ,robert ,leighton ,with #h full-page ,illustrations by ,william ,rainey1 ,r4 ,i4 #abmo #a4ej4 ,a narrative of the adventures of ,master ,gilbert ,o',glander1 and of how in the year #aeia he fought under the gallant ,sir ,richard ,grenville in the great sea-fight off ,flores1 on board ,her ,majesty's ship1 ,the ,revenge4 ,the ,new ,york ,observer has said3 ,mr4 ,leighton as a writer for boys needs no praise as his books place him in the front rank4 ,lords of the ,world ,with #ab full-page ,illustrations by ,ralph ,peacock4 #abmo4 #a4jj4 ,a ,story of the ,fall of ,carthage and ,corinth4 ,by ,,alfred ,j4 ,,church4 ,in his own special field the author has few rivals4 ,he has a capacity for making antiquity assume reality which is fascinating in the extreme4 ,adventures in ,toyland ,with #h colored plates and #gb other ,illustrations by ,alice ,b4 ,woodward4 ,square #hvo4 #b4jj4 ,by ,,edith ,,king ,,hall4 ,a clever and fascinating volume which will surely take a high place among this season's juveniles4 ,,charles ,,scribner',s ,,sons1 #aec-aeg ,fifth ,ave1 ,n4,y4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,heir ,,to ,,fairy-,,land ,,from ,a ,,water-,,colour ,,by ,,robert ,,halls ,,the ,,international ,,studio ,,special ,,winter-,,number #ahig-h ,,children',s ,,books ,,and ,,their ,,illustrators4 ,,by ,,gleeson ,,white4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,monkey-,,book ,a ,,favourite ,,in ,,the ,,nursery 7,by permission of ,james ,h4 ,stone1 ,esq41 ,j4,p47 ,there are some themes that by their very wealth of suggestion appal the most ready writer4 ,the emotions which they arouse1 the mass of pleasant anecdote they recall1 the ghosts of far-off delights they summon1 are either too obvious to be worth the trouble of description or too evanescent to be expressed in dull prose4 ,swift1 we are told 7perhaps a little too frequently71 could write beautifully of a broomstick2 which may strike a common person as a marvel of dexterity4 ,after a while1 the journalist is apt to find that it is the perfect theme which proves to be the hardest to treat adequately4 ,clothe a broomstick with fancies1 even of the flimsiest tissue paper1 and you get something more or less like a fairy-king's sceptre2 but take the ,pompadour's fan1 or the haunting effect of twilight over the meadows1 and all you can do in words seems but to hide its original beauties4 ,we know that ,mr4 ,austin ,dobson was able to add graceful wreaths even to the fan of the ,pompadour1 and that another writer is able to impart to the misty twilight not only the eerie fantasies it shows the careless observer1 but also a host of others that only a poet feels1 and that only a poet knows how to prison within his cage of printed syllables4 ,indeed1 of the theme of the present discourse has not the wonder-working ,robert ,louis ,stevenson sung of ,picture ,books in ,winter and ,the ,land of ,story ,books1 so truly and clearly that it is dangerous for lesser folk to attempt essays in their praise8 ,all that artists have done to amuse the august monarch ,king ,baby 7who1 pictured by ,mr4 ,robert ,halls1 is fitly enthroned here by way of frontispiece7 during the playtime of his immaturity is too big a subject for our space1 and can but be indicated in rough outline here4 ,illustration3 ,,robinson ,,crusoe4 ,,the ,,wreck ,,from ,,an ,,eighteenth-,,century ,,chap-,,book ,luckily1 a serious study of the evolution of the child's book already exists4 ,since the bulk of this number was in type1 ,i lighted by chance upon ,the ,child and his ,book1 by ,mrs4 ,e4 ,m4 ,field1 a most admirable volume which traces its subject from times before the ,norman conquest to this century4 ,therein we find full accounts of ,,mss4 designed for teaching purposes1 of early printed manuals1 and of the mass of literature intended to impress the ,fear of the ,lord and of the ,broomstick4 ,did space allow1 the present chronicle might be enlivened with many an excerpt which she has culled from out-of-the-way sources4 ,but the temptation to quote must be controlled4 ,it is only fair to add that in that work there is a very excellent chapter to ,some ,illustrators of ,children's ,books1 although its main purpose is the text of the books4 ,one branch has found its specialist and its exhaustive monograph1 in ,mr4 ,andrew ,tuer's sumptuous volumes devoted to ,the ,horn ,book4 ,illustration3 ,,crusoe ,,and ,,xury ,,escaping ,,from ,,an ,,eighteenth-,,century ,,chap-,,book ,perhaps there is no pleasure the modern grown-up person envies the youngsters of the hour as he envies them the shoals of delightful books which publishers prepare for the ,christmas tables of lucky children4 ,if he be old enough to remember ,mrs4 ,trimmer's ,history of the ,robins1 ,the ,fairchild ,family1 or that ,poly-technically inspired romance1 the ,swiss ,family ,robinson1 he feels that a certain half-hearted approval of more dreary volumes is possibly due to the glamour which middle age casts upon the past4 ,it is said that even ,barbauld's ,evenings at ,home and ,sandford and ,merton 7the anecdotes only1 ,i imagine7 have been found toothsome dainties by unjaded youthful appetites2 but when he compares these with the books of the last twenty years1 he wishes he could become a child again to enjoy their sweets to the full4 ,illustration3 ,,crusoe ,,sets ,,sail ,,on ,,his ,,eventful ,,voyage ,,from ,,an ,,eighteenth-,,century ,,chap-,,book ,now nine-tenths of this improvement is due to artist and publisher2 although it is obvious that illustrations imply something to illustrate1 and1 as a rule 7not by any means without exception71 the better the text the better the pictures4 ,years before good picture-books there were good stories1 and these1 whether they be the classics of the nursery1 the laureates of its rhyme1 the unknown author of its sagas1 the born story-tellers--whether they date from prehistoric cave-dwellers1 or are of our own age1 like ,charles ,kingsley or ,lewis ,carroll--supply the text to spur on the artist to his best achievements4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,true ,,tale ,,of ,,robin ,,hood4 ,,from ,,an ,,eighteenth-,,century ,,chap-,,book ,it is mainly a labour of love to infuse pictures intended for childish eyes with qualities that pertain to art4 ,we like to believe that ,walter ,crane1 ,caldecott1 ,kate ,greenaway and the rest receive ample appreciation from the small people4 ,that they do in some cases is certain2 but it is also quite as evident that the veriest daub1 if its subject be attractive1 is enjoyed no less thoroughly4 ,there are prigs of course1 the children of the prignorant1 who babble of ,botticelli1 and profess to disdain any picture not conceived with high art mannerism4 ,yet even these will forget their pretence1 and roar over a ,comic ,cuts found on the seat of a railway carriage1 or stand delighted before some unspeakable poster of a melodrama4 ,it is well to face the plain fact that the most popular illustrated books which please the children are not always those which satisfy the critical adult4 ,as a rule it is the grown-ups who buy2 therefore with no wish to be-little the advance in nursery taste1 one must own that at present its improvement is chiefly owing to the active energies of those who give1 and is only passively tolerated by those who accept4 ,children awaking to the marvel that recreates a familiar object by a few lines and blotches on a piece of paper1 are not unduly exigent4 ,their own primitive diagrams1 like a badly drawn ,euclidean problem1 satisfy their idea of studies from the life4 ,their schemes of colour are limited to harmonies in crimson lake1 cobalt and gamboge1 their skies are very blue1 their grass arsenically green1 and their perspective as erratic as that of the ,chinese4 ,illustration3 ,,two ,,children ,,in ,,the ,,wood4 ,,from ,,an ,,eighteenth ,,century ,,chap-,,book ,illustration3 ,,sir ,,richard ,,whittington4 ,,from ,,an ,,eighteenth-,,century ,,chap-,,book ,in fact1 unpopular though it may be to project such a theory1 one fancies that the real educational power of the picture-book is upon the elders1 and thus1 that it undoubtedly helps to raise the standard of domestic taste in art4 ,but1 on the other hand1 whether his art is adequately appreciated or not1 what an unprejudiced and wholly spontaneous acclaim awaits the artist who gives his best to the little ones6 ,they do not place his work in portfolios or locked glass cases2 they thumb it to death1 surely the happiest of all fates for any printed book4 ,to see his volumes worn out by too eager votaries2 what could an author or artist wish for more8 ,the extraordinary devotion to a volume of natural history1 which after generations of use has become more like a mop-head than a book1 may be seen in the reproduction of a monkey-book here illustrated2 this curious result being caused by sheer affectionate thumbing of its leaves1 until the dog-ears and rumpled pages turned the cube to a globular mass1 since flattened by being packed away4 ,so children love picture-books1 not as bibliophiles would consider wisely1 but too well4 ,illustration3 ,,an ,,american ,,man ,,and ,,woman ,,in ,,their ,,proper ,,habits4 ,,illustration ,,from ,a ,,museum ,,for ,,young ,,gentlemen ,,and ,,ladies 7,s4 ,,crowder4 #agij7 ,to delight one of the least of these1 to add a new joy to the crowded miracles of childhood1 were no less worth doing than to leave a ,sistine ,chapel to astound a somewhat bored procession of tourists1 or to have written a classic that sells by thousands and is possessed unread by all save an infinitesimal percentage of its owners4 ,when ,randolph ,caldecott died1 a minor poet1 unconsciously paraphrasing ,garrick's epitaph1 wrote3 ,for loss of him the laughter of the children will grow less4 ,i quote the line from memory1 perhaps incorrectly2 if so1 its author will1 ,i feel sure1 forgive the unintentional mangling4 ,did the laughter of the children grow less8 ,happily one can be quite sure it did not4 ,so long as any inept draughtsman can scrawl a few lines which they accept as a symbol of an engine1 an elephant or a pussy cat1 so long will the great army of invaders who are our predestined conquerors be content to laugh anew at the request of any one1 be he good or mediocre1 who caters for them4 ,it is a pleasant and yet a saddening thought to remember that we were once recruits of this omnipotent army that wins always our lands and our treasures4 ,now1 when grown up1 whether we are millionaires or paupers1 they have taken fortress by fortress with the treasures therein1 our picture-books of one sort are theirs1 and one must yield presently to the babies as they grow up1 even our criticism1 for they will make their own standards of worth and unworthiness despite all our efforts to control their verdict4 ,if we are conscious of being up-to-date in #aijj1 we may be quite sure that by #aibe we shall be ousted by a newer generation1 and by #bjjj forgotten4 ,long before even that1 the children we now try to amuse or to educate1 to defend at all costs1 or to pray for as we never prayed before--they will be the masters4 ,it is1 then1 not an ignoble thing to do one's very best to give our coming rulers a taste of the kingdom of art1 to let them unconsciously discover that there is something outside common facts1 intangible and not to be reduced to any rule1 which may be a lasting pleasure to those who care to study it4 ,it is evident1 as one glances back over the centuries1 that the child occupies a new place in the world to-day4 ,excepting possibly certain royal infants1 we do not find that great artists of the past addressed themselves to children4 ,are there any children's books illustrated by ,duerer1 ,burgmair1 ,altdorfer1 ,jost ,amman1 or the little masters of ,germany8 ,among the ,florentine woodcuts do we find any designed for children8 ,did ,rembrandt etch for them1 or ,jacob ,beham prepare plates for their amusement8 ,so far as ,i have searched1 no single instance has rewarded me4 ,it is true that the naivete of much early work tempts one to believe that it was designed for babies4 ,but the context shows that it was the unlettered adult1 not the juvenile1 who was addressed4 ,as the designs1 obviously prepared for children1 begin to appear1 they are almost entirely educational and by no means the work of the best artists of the period4 ,even when they come to be numerous1 their object is seldom to amuse2 they are didactic1 and as a rule convey solemn warnings4 ,the idea of a draughtsman of note setting himself deliberately to please a child would have been inconceivable not so many years ago4 ,to be seen and not heard was the utmost demanded of the little ones even as late as the beginning of this century1 when illustrated books designed especially for their instruction were not infrequent4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,walls ,,of ,,babylon4 ,,illustration ,,from ,a ,,museum ,,for ,,young ,,gentlemen ,,and ,,ladies 7,s4 ,,crowder4 #agij7 ,as ,mr4 ,theodore ,watts-,dunton pointed out in his charming essay1 ,the ,new ,hero1 which appeared in the ,english ,illustrated ,magazine 7,dec4 #ahhc71 the child was neglected even by the art of literature until ,shakespeare furnished portraits at once vivid1 engaging1 and true in ,arthur and in ,mamillus4 ,in the same essay he goes on to say of the child--the new hero3 ,and in art1 painters and designers are vying with the poets and with each other in accommodating their work to his well-known matter-of-fact tastes and love of simple directness4 ,having discovered that the ,new ,hero's ideal of pictorial representation is of that high dramatic and businesslike kind exemplified in the ,bayeux tapestry1 ,mr4 ,caldecott1 ,mr4 ,walter ,crane1 ,miss ,kate ,greenaway1 ,miss ,dorothy ,tennant1 have each tried to surpass the other in appealing to the ,new ,hero's love of real business in art--treating him1 indeed1 as though he were ,hotei1 the ,japanese god of enjoyment--giving him as much colour1 as much dramatic action1 and as little perspective as is possible to man's finite capacity in this line4 ,some generous art critics have even gone so far indeed as to credit an entire artistic movement1 that of pre-,raphaelism1 with a benevolent desire to accommodate art to the ,new ,hero's peculiar ideas upon perspective4 ,but this is a 'soft impeachment' born of that loving kindness for which art-critics have always been famous4 ,illustration3 ,,mercury ,,and ,,the ,,woodman4 ,,illustration ,,from ,,bewick',s ,,select ,,fables4 ,,by ,,thomas ,,bewick 7#aghd7 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,brother ,,and ,,sister4 ,,illustration ,,from ,,bewick',s ,,select ,,fables4 ,,by ,,thomas ,,bewick 7#aghd7 ,illustration3 ,,little ,,anthony4 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,looking-,,glass ,,of ,,the ,,mind4 ,,by ,,thomas ,,bewick 7#agib7 ,illustration3 ,,little ,,adolphus4 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,looking-,,glass ,,of ,,the ,,mind4 ,,by ,,thomas ,,bewick 7#agib7 ,it would be out of place here to project any theory to account for this more recent homage paid to children1 but it is quite certain that a similar number of ,,the ,,studio could scarce have been compiled a century ago1 for there was practically no material for it4 ,in fact the tastes of children as a factor to be considered in life are well-nigh as modern as steam or the electric light1 and far less ancient than printing with movable types1 which of itself seems the second great event in the history of humanity1 the use of fire being the first4 ,to leave generalities and come to particulars1 as we dip into the stores of earlier centuries the broadsheets reveal almost nothing intended for children--the many ,robin ,hood ballads1 for example1 are decidedly meant for grown-up people2 and so in the eighteenth century we find its chap-books of ,guy1 ,earl of ,warwick1 ,sir ,bevis1 of ,southampton1 ,valentine and ,orson1 are still addressed to the adult2 while it is more than doubtful whether even the earliest editions in chap-book form of ,tom ,thumb1 and ,whittington and the rest1 now the property of the nursery1 were really published for little ones4 ,that they were the light reading of adults1 the equivalent of to-day's ,ally ,sloper or the penny dreadful1 is much more probable4 ,no doubt children who came across them had a surreptitious treat1 even as urchins of both sexes now pounce with avidity upon stray copies of the ultra-popular and so-called comic papers4 ,but you could not call ,ally ,sloper1 that ,punchinello of the ,victorian era--who has received the honour of an elaborate article in the ,nineteenth ,century--a child's hero1 nor is his humour of a sort always that childhood should understand--,unsweetened ,gin1 the ,broker's ,man1 and similar subjects1 for example4 ,it is quite possible that respectable people did not care for their babies to read the chap-books of the eighteenth century any more than they like them now to study halfpenny comics2 and that they were1 in short1 kitchen literature1 and not infantile4 ,even if the intellectual standard of those days was on a par in both domains1 it does not prove that the reading of the kitchen and nursery was interchangeable4 ,before noticing any pictures in detail from old sources or new1 it is well to explain that as a rule only those showing some attempt to adapt the drawing to a child's taste have been selected4 ,mere dull transcripts of facts please children no less2 but here space forbids their inclusion4 ,otherwise nearly all modern illustration would come into our scope4 ,a search through the famous ,roxburghe collection of broadsheets discovered nothing that could be fairly regarded as a child's publication4 ,the chap-books of the eighteenth century have been adequately discussed in ,mr4 ,john ,ashton's admirable monograph1 and from them a few cuts are here reproduced4 ,of course1 if one takes the standard of education of these days as the test1 many of those curious publications would appear to be addressed to intelligence of the most juvenile sort4 ,yet the themes as a rule show unmistakably that children of a larger growth were catered for1 as1 for instance1 ,joseph and his ,brethren1 ,the ,holy ,disciple1 ,the ,wandering ,jew1 and those earlier pamphlets which are reprints or new versions of books printed by ,wynkyn de ,worde1 ,pynson1 and others of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries4 ,illustration3 ,henry quitting ,school4 ,,illustration ,,from ,,sketches ,,of ,,juvenile ,,characters 7,e4 ,,wallis4 #ahah7 ,in one1 ,the ,witch of the ,woodlands1 appears a picture of little people dancing in a fairy ring1 which might be supposed at first sight to be an illustration of a nursery tale1 but the text describing a ,witch's ,sabbath1 rapidly dispels the idea4 ,nor does a version of the popular ,faust legend--,dr4 ,john ,faustus--appear to be edifying for young people4 ,this and ,friar ,bacon are of the class which lingered the longest--the magical and oracular literature4 ,even to-day it is quite possible that dream-books and prophetical pamphlets enjoy a large sale2 but a few years ago many were to be found in the catalogues of publishers who catered for the million4 ,it is not very long ago that the ,company of ,stationers omitted hieroglyphics of coming events from its almanacs4 ,many fairy stories which to-day are repeated for the amusement of children were regarded as part of this literature--the traditional folk-lore which often enough survives many changes of the religious faith of a nation1 and outlasts much civilisation4 ,others were originally political satires1 or social pasquinades2 indeed not a few nursery rhymes mask allusions to important historical incidents4 ,the chap-book form of publication is well adapted for the preservation of half-discredited beliefs1 of charms and prophecies1 incantations and cures4 ,in ,valentine and ,orson1 of which a fragment is extant of a version printed by ,wynkyn de ,worde1 we have unquestionably the real fairy story4 ,this class of story1 however1 was not addressed directly to children until within the last hundred years4 ,that many of the cuts used in these chap-books afterwards found their way into little coarsely printed duodecimos of eight or sixteen pages designed for children is no doubt a fact4 ,indeed the wanderings of these blocks1 and the various uses to which they were applied1 is far too vast a theme to touch upon here4 ,for this peripatetic habit of old wood-cuts was not even confined to the land of their production2 after doing duty in one country1 they were ready for fresh service in another4 ,often in the chap-books we meet with the same block as an illustration of totally different scenes4 ,illustration3 ,,title-,,page ,,of ,,the ,,paths ,,of ,,learning 7,,harris ,,and ,,son4 #ahbj7 ,illustration3 ,,page ,,from ,,the ,,paths ,,of ,,learning 7,,harris ,,and ,,son4 #ahbj7 ,the cut for the title-page of ,robin ,hood is a fair example of its kind4 ,the ,norfolk gentleman's ,last ,will and ,testament turns out to be a rambling rhymed version of the ,two ,children in the ,wood4 ,in the first of its illustrations we see the dying parents commending their babes to the cruel world4 ,the next is a subject taken from these lines3 ,away then went these prity babes rejoycing at that tide1 ,rejoycing with a merry mind they should on cock-horse ride4 ,and in the last1 here reproduced1 we see them when ,their prity lips with blackberries were all besmeared and dyed1 ,and when they saw the darksome night1 they sat them down and cried4 ,but here it is more probable that it was the tragedy which attracted readers1 as the ,police ,news attracts to-day1 and that it became a child's favourite by the accident of the robins burying the babes4 ,the example from the ,history of ,sir ,richard ,whittington needs no comment4 ,a very condensed version of ,robinson ,crusoe has blocks of distinct1 if archaic1 interest4 ,the three here given show a certain sense of decorative treatment 7probably the result of the artist's inability to be realistic71 which is distinctly amusing4 ,one might select hundreds of woodcuts of this type1 but those here reproduced will serve as well as a thousand to indicate their general style4 ,some few of these books have contributed to later nursery folk-lore1 as1 for example1 the well known ,jack ,horner1 which is an extract from a coarse account of the adventures of a dwarf4 ,one quality that is shared by all these earlier pictures is their artlessness and often their absolute ugliness4 ,quaint is the highest adjective that fits them4 ,in books of the later period not a few blocks of earlier date and of really fine design reappear2 but in the chap-books quite 'prentice hands would seem to have been employed1 and the result therefore is only interesting for its age and rarity4 ,so far these pictures need no comment1 they foreshadow nothing and are derived from nothing1 so far as their design is concerned4 ,such interest as they have is quite unconcerned with art in any way2 they are not even sufficiently misdirected to act as warnings1 but are merely clumsy4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,german ,,popular ,,stories4 ,,by ,g4 ,,cruikshank 7,,charles ,,tilt4 #ahbd7 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,german ,,popular ,,stories4 ,,by ,g4 ,,cruikshank 7,,charles ,,tilt4 #ahbd7 ,children's books1 as every collector knows1 are among the most short-lived of all volumes4 ,this is more especially true of those with illustrations1 for their extra attractiveness serves but to degrade a comely book into a dog-eared and untidy thing1 with leaves sere and yellow1 and with no autumnal grace to mellow their decay4 ,long before this period1 however1 the nursery artist has marked them for his own1 and with crimson lake and ,prussian blue stained their pictures in all too permanent pigments1 that in some cases resist every chemical the amateur applies with the vain hope of effacing the superfluous colour4 ,of course the disappearance of the vast majority of books for children 7dating from #agfj to #ahcj1 and even later7 is no loss to art1 although among them are some few which are interesting as the 'prentice work of illustrators who became famous4 ,but these are the exceptions4 ,thanks to the kindness of ,mr4 ,james ,stone1 of ,birmingham1 who has a large and most interesting collection of the most ephemeral of all sorts--the little penny and twopenny pamphlets--it has been possible to refer at first hand to hundreds1 of them4 ,yet1 despite their interest as curiosities1 their art need not detain us here4 ,the pictures are mostly trivial or dull1 and look like the products of very poorly equipped draughtsmen and cheap engravers4 ,some1 in pamphlet shape1 contain nursery rhymes and little stories1 others are devoted to the alphabet and arithmetic4 ,amongst them are many printed on card1 shaped like the cover of a bank-book4 ,these were called battledores1 but as ,mr4 ,tuer has dealt with this class in ,the ,horn ,book so thoroughly1 it would be mere waste of time to discuss them here4 ,mr4 ,elkin ,mathews also permitted me to run through his interesting collection1 and among them were many noted elsewhere in these pages1 but the rest1 so far as the pictures are concerned1 do not call for detailed notice4 ,they do1 indeed1 contain pictures of children--but mere factual scenes1 as a rule--without any real fun or real imagination4 ,those who wish to look up early examples will find a large and entertaining variety among ,the ,pearson ,collection in the ,national ,art ,library at ,south ,kensington ,museum4 ,turning to quite another class1 we find ,a ,museum for ,young ,gentlemen and ,ladies 7,collins3 ,salisbury71 a typical volume of its kind4 ,its preface begins3 ,i am very much concerned when ,i see young gentlemen of fortune and quality so wholly set upon pleasure and diversions4444 ,the greater part of our ,british youth lose their figure and grow out of fashion by the time they are twenty-five4 ,as soon as the natural gaiety and amiableness of the young man wears off they have nothing left to recommend1 but lie by the rest of their lives among the lumber and refuse of their species--a promising start for a moral lecture1 which goes on to implore those who are in the flower of their youth to labour at those accomplishments which may set off their persons when their bloom is gone4 ,the compensations for old age appear to be1 according to this author1 a little knowledge of grammar1 history1 astronomy1 geography1 weights and measures1 the seven wonders of the world1 burning mountains1 and dying words of great men4 ,but its delightful text must not detain us here4 ,a series of cuts of national costumes with which it is embellished deserves to be described in detail4 ,an ,american ,man and ,woman in their proper habits1 reproduced on page #f1 will give a better idea of their style than any words4 ,the blocks evidently date many years earlier than the thirteenth edition here referred to1 which is about #agij4 ,indeed1 those of the ,seven ,wonders are distinctly interesting4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,little ,,princess4 ,,by ,j4 ,c4 ,,horsley1 ,r4,a4 7,,joseph ,,cundall4 #ahdc7 ,illustration3 ,i had a little ,nut-tree1 ,nothing would it bear1 ,but a silver nutmeg ,and a golden pear4 ,the ,king of ,spain's daughter1 came to visit me1-- ,and all because of my little ,nut-tree4 ,,illustration ,,from ,,child',s ,,play4 ,,by ,e4 ,v4 ,b4 7,,now ,,published ,,by ,,sampson ,,low7 ,here and there we meet with one interesting as art4 ,an ,ancestral ,history of ,king ,arthur 7,h4 ,roberts1 ,blue ,boar1 ,holborn1 #aghb71 shown in the ,pearson collection at ,south ,kensington1 has an admirable frontispiece2 and one or two others would be worth reproduction did space permit4 ,although the dates overlap1 the next division of the subject may be taken as ranging from the publication of ,goody ,two ,shoes--otherwise called ,mrs4 ,margaret ,two-shoes--to the ,bewick ,books4 ,of the latter the most interesting is unquestionably ,a ,pretty ,book of ,pictures for ,little ,masters and ,misses1 or ,tommy ,trip's ,history of ,beasts and ,birds1 with a familiar description of each in verse and prose1 to which is prefixed ,a ,history of ,little ,tom ,trip himself1 of his dog ,towler1 and of ,coryleg the great giant1 written for ,john ,newbery1 the philanthropic bookseller of ,st4 ,paul's ,churchyard4 ,the fifteenth edition embellished with charming engravings upon wood1 from the original blocks engraved by ,thomas ,bewick for ,t4 ,saint of ,newcastle in #aggi--to quote the full title from the edition reprinted by ,edwin ,pearson in #ahfg4 ,this edition contains a preface tracing the history of the blocks1 which are said to be ,bewick's first efforts to depict beasts and birds1 undertaken at the request of the ,new castle printer1 to illustrate a new edition of ,tommy ,trip4 ,as at this time copyright was unknown1 and ,newcastle or ,glasgow pirated a ,london success 7as ,new ,york did but lately71 we must not be surprised to find that the text is said to be a reprint of a ,newbery publication4 ,but as ,saint was called the ,newbery of the ,north1 possibly the ,bewick edition was authorised4 ,one or two of the rhymes which have been attributed to ,oliver ,goldsmith deserve quotation4 ,appended to a cut of ,the ,bison we find the following delightful lines3 ,the ,bison1 tho' neither ,engaging nor young1 ,like a flatt'rer can lick you ,to death with his tongue4 ,the astounding legend of the bison's long tongue1 with which he captures a man who has ventured too close1 is dilated upon in the accompanying prose4 ,that ,goldsmith used teeth when he meant tusks solely for the sake of rhyme is a depressing fact made clear by the next verse3 ,the elephant with trunk and teeth ,threatens his foe with instant death1 ,and should these not his ends avail ,his crushing feet will seldom fail4 ,nor are the rhymes as they stand peculiarly happy2 certainly in the following example it requires an effort to make throw and now pair off harmoniously4 ,the fierce1 fell tiger will1 they say1 ,seize any man that's in the way1 ,and o'er his back the victim throw1 ,as you your satchel may do now4 ,yet one more deserves to be remembered if but for its decorative spelling3 ,the cuccoo comes to chear the spring1 ,and early every morn does sing2 ,the nightingale1 secure and snug1 ,the evening charms with ,jug1 jug1 jug4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,honey ,,stew ,,by ,,harrison ,,weir 7,,jeremiah ,,how4 #ahdf7 ,but these doggerel rhymes are not quite representative of the book1 as the well-known ,three children sliding on the ice upon a summer's day appears herein4 ,the cuts are distinctively notable1 especially the ,crocodile 7which contradicts the letterpress1 that says it turns about with difficulty71 the ,chameleon1 the ,bison1 and the ,tiger4 ,bewick's ,select ,fables of ,a,esop and others 7,newcastle3 ,t4 ,saint1 #aghd7 deserves fuller notice1 but ,a,esop1 though a not unpopular book for children1 is hardly a children's book4 ,with ,the ,looking ,glass for the ,mind 7#agib7 we have the adaptation of a popular ,french work1 ,l',ami des ,enfans 7#agdi71 with cuts by ,bewick1 which1 if not equal to his best1 are more interesting from our point of view1 as they are obviously designed for young people4 ,the letterpress is full of useful lessons for my youthful readers1 with morals provokingly insisted upon4 ,goody ,two ,shoes was also published by ,newbery of ,st4 ,paul's ,churchyard--the pioneer of children's literature4 ,his business--which afterwards became ,messrs4 ,griffith and ,farran--has been the subject of several monographs and magazine articles by ,mr4 ,charles ,welsh1 a former partner of that firm4 ,the two monographs were privately printed for issue to members of the ,sette of ,odde ,volumes4 ,the first of these is entitled ,on some ,books for ,children of the last century1 with a few words on the philanthropic publisher of ,st4 ,paul's ,churchyard4 ,a paper read at a meeting of the ,sette of ,odde ,volumes1 ,friday1 ,january #h1 #ahhf4 ,herein we find a very sympathetic account of ,john ,newbery and gossip of the clever and distinguished men who assisted him in the production of children's books1 of which ,charles ,knight said1 ,there is nothing more remarkable in them than their originality4 ,there have been attempts to imitate its simplicity1 its homeliness2 great authors have tried their hands at imitating its clever adaptation to the youthful intellect1 but they have failed--a verdict which1 if true of authors when ,charles ,knight uttered it1 is hardly true of the present time4 ,after ,goldsmith1 ,charles ,lamb1 to whom ,goody ,two ,shoes is now attributed1 was1 perhaps1 the most famous contributor to ,newbery's publications2 his ,beauty and the ,beast and ,prince ,dorus have been republished in facsimile lately by ,messrs4 ,field and ,tuer4 ,from the ,london ,chronicle1 ,december #ai to ,january #a1 #agfe1 ,mr4 ,welsh reprinted the following advertisement3 ,illustration3 ,,blue ,,beard4 ,,illustration ,,from ,,comic ,,nursery ,,tales4 ,,by ,a4 ,,crowquill 7,g4 ,,routledge4 #ahde7 ,illustration3 ,,robinson ,,crusoe4 ,,illustration ,,from ,,comic ,,nursery ,,tales4 ,,by ,a4 ,,crowquill 7,g4 ,,routledge4 #ahde7 ,the ,philosophers1 ,politicians1 ,necromancers1 and the learned in every faculty are desired to observe that on ,january #a1 being ,new ,year's ,day 7oh that we may all lead new lives671 ,mr4 ,newbery intends to publish the following important volumes1 bound and gilt1 and hereby invites all his little friends who are good to call for them at the ,bible and ,sun in ,st4 ,paul's ,churchyard1 but those who are naughty to have none4 ,the paper read by ,mr4 ,welsh scarcely fulfils the whole promise of its title1 for in place of giving anecdotes of ,newbery he refers his listeners to his own volume1 ,a ,bookseller of the ,last ,century1 for fuller details2 but what he said in praise of the excellent printing and binding of ,newbery's books is well merited4 ,they are1 nearly all1 comely productions1 some with really artistic illustrations1 and all marked with care and intelligence which had not hitherto been bestowed on publications intended for juveniles4 ,it is true that most are distinguished for calculating morality as the ,athenaeum called it1 in re-estimating their merits nearly a century later4 ,it was a period when the advantages of dull moralising were over-prized1 when people professed to believe that you could admonish children to a state of perfection which1 in their didactic addresses to the small folk1 they professed to obey themselves4 ,it was1 not to put too fine a point on it1 an age of solemn hypocrisy1 not perhaps so insincere in intention as in phrase2 but1 all the same1 it repels the more tolerant mood of to-day4 ,whether or not it be wise to confess to the same frailties and let children know the weaknesses of their elders1 it is certainly more honest2 and the danger is now rather lest the undue humility of experience should lead children to believe that they are better than their fathers4 ,probably the honest sympathy now shown to childish ideals is not likely to be misinterpreted1 for children are often shrewd judges1 and can detect the false from the true1 in morals if not in art4 ,by #ahjj literature for children had become an established fact4 ,large numbers of publications were ostentatiously addressed to their amusement2 but nearly all hid a bitter if wholesome powder in a very small portion of jam4 ,books of educational purport1 like ,a ,father's ,legacy to his ,daughter1 with reprints of classics that are heavily weighted with morals--,dr4 ,johnson's ,rasselas and ,a,esop's ,fables1 for instance--are in the majority4 ,robinson ,crusoe is indeed among them1 and ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress1 both1 be it noted1 books annexed by the young1 not designed for them4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,robinson ,,crusoe4 ,,by ,,charles ,,keene 7,,james ,,burns4 #ahdg7 ,the titles of a few odd books which possess more than usually interesting features may be jotted down4 ,of these1 ,little ,thumb and the ,ogre 7,r4 ,dutton1 #aghh71 with illustrations by ,william ,blake1 is easily first in interest1 if not in other respects4 ,others include ,the ,cries of ,london 7#agge71 ,sindbad the ,sailor 7,newbery1 #agih71 ,valentine and ,orson 7,mary ,rhynd1 ,clerkenwell1 #ahjd71 ,fun at the ,fair 7with spirited cuts printed in red71 and ,watts's ,divine and ,moral ,songs1 and ,an ,abridged ,new ,testament1 with still more effective designs also in red 7,lumsden1 ,glasgow71 ,gulliver's ,travels 7greatly abridged1 #ahae71 ,mother ,gum 7#ahje71 ,anecdotes of a ,little ,family 7#agie71 ,mirth without ,mischief1 ,king ,pippin1 ,the ,daisy 7cautionary stories in verse71 and the ,cowslip1 its companion 7with delightfully prim little rhymes that have been reprinted lately74 ,the thirty illustrations in each are by ,samuel ,williams1 an artist who yet awaits his due appreciation4 ,a large number of classics of their kind1 ,the ,adventures of ,philip ,quarll1 ,gulliver's ,travels1 ,blake's ,songs of ,innocence1 ,charles ,lamb's ,stories from ,shakespeare1 ,mrs4 ,sherwood's ,henry and his ,bearer1 and a host of other religious stories1 cannot even be enumerated4 ,but even were it possible to compile a full list of children's books1 it would be of little service1 for the popular books are in no danger of being forgotten1 and the unpopular1 as a rule1 have vanished out of existence1 and except by pure accident could not be found for love or money4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,comic ,,nursery ,,tales 7,g4 ,,routledge4 #ahdf7 ,with the publications of ,newbery and ,harris1 early in the nineteenth century1 we encounter examples more nearly typical of the child's book as we regard it to-day4 ,among them ,harris's ,cabinet is noticeable4 ,the first four volumes1 ,the ,butterfly's ,ball1 ,the ,peacock at ,home1 ,the ,lion's ,masquerade1 and ,the ,elephant's ,ball1 were reprinted a few years ago1 with the original illustrations by ,mulready carefully reproduced4 ,a coloured series of sixty-two books1 priced at one shilling and sixpence each 7,harris71 was extremely popular4 ,with the ,paths of ,learning strewed with ,flowers1 or ,english ,grammar ,illustrated 7#ahbj71 we encounter a work not without elegance4 ,its designs1 as we see by the examples reproduced on page #i1 are the obvious prototype of ,miss ,greenaway1 the model that inspired her to those dainty trifles which conquered even so stern a critic of modern illustration as ,mr4 ,ruskin4 ,on its cover--a forbidding wrapper devoid of ornament--and repeated within a wreath of roses inside1 this preamble occurs3 ,the purpose of this little book is to obviate the reluctance children evince to the irksome and insipid task of learning the names and meanings of the component parts of grammar4 ,our intention is to entwine roses with instruction1 and however humble our endeavour may appear1 let it be recollected that the efforts of a ,mouse set the ,lion free from his toils4 ,this oddly phrased explanation is typical of the affected geniality of the governess4 ,indeed1 it might have been penned by an assistant to ,miss ,pinkerton1 the ,semiramis of ,hammersmith2 if not by that friend of ,dr4 ,johnson1 the correspondent of ,mrs4 ,chapone herself1 in a moment of gracious effort to bring her intellect down to the level of her pupils4 ,to us1 this hollow gaiety sounds almost cruel4 ,in those days children were always regarded as if1 to quote ,mark ,twain1 every one being born with an equal amount of original sin1 the pressure on the square inch must needs be greater in a baby4 ,poor little original sinners1 how very scurvily the world of books and picture-makers treated you less than a century ago6 ,life for you then was a perpetual reformatory1 a place beset with penalties1 and echoing with reproofs4 ,even the literature planned to amuse your leisure was stuck full of maxims and morals2 the most piquant story was but a prelude to an awful warning2 pictures of animals1 places1 and rivers failed to conceal undisguised lessons4 ,the one impression that is left by a study of these books is the lack of confidence in their own dignity which papas and mammas betrayed in the early ,victorian era4 ,this seems past all doubt when you realise that the common effort of all these pictures and prose is to glorify the impeccable parent1 and teach his or her offspring to grovel silently before the stern law-givers who ruled the home4 ,illustration3 ,,title-,,page ,,from ,,the ,,scouring ,,of ,,the ,,white ,,horse4 ,,by ,,richard ,,doyle 7,,macmillan ,,and ,,co4 #aheh7 ,of course it was not really so1 literature had but lately come to a great middle class who had not learned to be easy2 and as worthy folk who talked colloquially wrote in stilted parody of ,dr4 ,johnson's stately periods1 so the uncouth address in print to the populace of the nursery was doubtless forgotten in daily intercourse4 ,but the conventions were preserved1 and honest fun or full-bodied romance that loves to depict gnomes and hob-goblins1 giants and dwarfs in a world of adventure and mystery1 was unpopular4 ,children's books were illustrated entirely by the wonders of the creation1 or the still greater wonders of so-called polite society4 ,never in them1 except introduced purposely as an awful example1 do you meet an untidy1 careless1 normal child4 ,even the beggars are prim1 and the beasts and birds distinctly genteel in their habits4 ,fairyland was shut to the little ones1 who were turned out of their own domain4 ,it seems quite likely that this continued until the ,german maerchen 7the literary products of ,germany were much in favour at this period7 reopened the wonderland of the other world about the time that ,charles ,dickens helped to throw the door still wider4 ,discovering that the child possessed the right to be amused1 the imagination of poets and artists addressed itself at last to the most appreciative of all audiences1 a world of newcomers1 with insatiable appetites for wonders real and imaginary4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration 7,,reduced7 ,,from ,,misunderstood ,,by ,,george ,,du ,,maurier 7,,richard ,,bentley ,,and ,,son4 #ahgd7 ,but for many years before the ,victorian period folklore was left to the peasants1 or at least kept out of reach of children of the higher classes4 ,no doubt old nurses prattled it to their charges1 perhaps weak-minded mothers occasionally repeated the ancient legends1 but the printing-press set its face against fancy1 and offered facts in its stead4 ,in the list of sixty-two books before mentioned1 if we except a few nursery jingles such as ,mother ,hubbard and ,cock ,robin1 we find but two real fairy stories1 ,cinderella1 ,puss-in-,boots1 and three old-world narratives of adventure1 ,whittington and ,his ,cat1 ,the ,seven ,champions of ,christendom1 and ,valentine and ,orson4 ,the rest are ,peter ,piper's ,practical ,principles of ,plain and ,perfect ,pronunciation1 ,the ,monthly ,monitor1 ,tommy ,trip's ,museum of ,beasts1 ,the ,perambulations of a ,mouse1 and so on1 with a few things like ,the ,house that ,jack ,built1 and ,a1 ,apple ,pie1 that are but daily facts put into story shape4 ,now it is clear that the artists inspired by fifty of these had no chance of displaying their imagination1 and every opportunity of pointing a moral2 and it is painful to be obliged to own that they succeeded beyond belief in their efforts to be dull4 ,of like sort are ,a ,visit to the ,bazaar 7,harris1 #ahad71 and ,the ,dandies' ,ball 7#ahbj74 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,princess ,,and ,,the ,,goblin4 7,,strahan4 #ahga4 ,,now ,,published ,,by ,,blackie ,,and ,,son7 ,nor must we forget a work very popular at this period1 ,keeper in ,search of ,his ,master1 although its illustrations are not its chief point4 ,according to a very interesting preface ,mr4 ,andrew ,tuer contributed to ,the ,leadenhall ,series of ,reprints of ,forgotten ,books for ,children in #ahac1 ,dame ,wiggins of ,lee was first issued by ,a4 ,k4 ,newman and ,co4 of the ,minerva ,press4 ,this book is perhaps better known than any of its date owing to ,mr4 ,ruskin's reprint with additional verses by himself1 and new designs by ,miss ,kate ,greenaway supplementing the original cuts1 which were re-engraved in facsimile by ,mr4 ,hooper4 ,mr4 ,tuer attributes the design of these latter to ,r4 ,stennet 7or ,sinnet871 who illustrated also ,deborah ,dent and her ,donkey and ,madame ,figs' ,gala4 ,newman issued many of these books1 in conjunction with ,messrs4 ,dean and ,mundy1 the direct ancestors of the firm of ,dean and ,son1 still flourishing1 and still engaged in providing cheap and attractive books for children4 ,the ,gaping ,wide-mouthed ,waddling ,frog is another book of about this period1 which ,mr4 ,tuer included in his reprints4 ,among the many illustrated volumes which bear the imprint of ,a4 ,k4 ,newman1 and ,dean and ,mundy1 are ,a1 ,apple ,pie1 ,aldiborontiphoskyphorniostikos1 ,the ,house that ,jack ,built1 ,the ,parent's ,offering for a ,good ,child 7a very pompous and irritating series of dialogues71 and others that are even more directly educational4 ,in all these the engravings are in fairly correct outline1 coloured with four to six washes of showy crimson lake1 ultramarine1 pale green1 pale sepia1 and gamboge4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,gutta ,,percha ,,willie4 ,,by ,,arthur ,,hughes 7,,strahan4 #ahgj4 ,,now ,,published ,,by ,,blackie ,,and ,,son7 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,at ,,the ,,back ,,of ,,the ,,north ,,wind4 ,,by ,,arthur ,,hughes 7,,strahan4 #ahfi4 ,,now ,,published ,,by ,,blackie ,,and ,,son7 ,even the dreary text need not have made the illustrators quite so dull1 as we know that ,randolph ,caldecott would have made an illustrated ,bradshaw amusing2 but most of his earlier predecessors show no less power in making anything they touched un-funny4 ,nor as art do their pictures interest you any more than as anecdotes4 ,of course the cost of coloured engravings prohibited their lavish use4 ,all were tinted by hand1 sometimes with the help of stencil plates1 but more often by brush4 ,the print colourers1 we are told1 lived chiefly in the ,pentonville district1 or in some of the poorer streets near ,leicester ,square4 ,a few survivors are still to be found2 but the introduction first of lithography1 and later of photographic processes1 has killed the industry1 and even the most fanatical apostle of the old crafts cannot wish the hand-painter back again4 ,the outlines were either cut on wood1 as in the early days of printing until the present1 or else engraved on metal4 ,in each case all colour was painted afterwards1 and in scarce a single instance 7not even in the ,rowlandson caricatures or patriotic pieces7 is there any attempt to obtain an harmonious scheme such as is often found in the tinted mezzo-tints of the same period4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,at ,,the ,,back ,,of ,,the ,,north ,,wind4 ,,by ,,arthur ,,hughes 7,,strahan4 #ahfi4 ,,now ,,published ,,by ,,blackie ,,and ,,son7 ,of works primarily intended for little people1 an ,hieroglyphical ,bible for the amusement and instruction of the younger generation 7#ahad7 may be noted4 ,this was a mixture of picture-puns and broken words1 after the fashion of the dreary puzzles still published in snippet weeklies4 ,it is a melancholy attempt to turn ,bible texts to picture puzzles1 a book permitted by the unco' guid to children on wet ,sunday afternoons1 as some younger members of large families1 whose elder brothers' books yet lingered forty or even fifty years after publication1 are able to endorse with vivid and depressed remembrance4 ,foxe's ,book of ,martyrs and ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress are of the same type1 and calculated to fill a nervous child with grim terrors1 not lightened by ,watts's ,divine and ,moral ,songs1 that gloated on the dreadful hell to which sinful children were doomed1 with devils in darkness1 fire and chains4 ,but this painful side of the subject is not to be discussed here4 ,luckily the artists--except in the grown-up books referred to--disdained to enforce the terrors of ,dr4 ,watts1 and pictured less horrible themes4 ,with ,cruikshank we encounter almost the first glimpse of the modern ideal4 ,his ,grimm's ,fairy ,tales are delightful in themselves1 and marvellous in comparison with all before1 and no little after4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,little ,,wonder ,,horn4 ,,by ,j4 ,,mahoney 7,h4 ,s4 ,,king ,,and ,,co4 #ahgb4 ,,griffith ,,and ,,farran4 #ahhg7 ,these famous illustrations to the first selection of ,grimm's ,german ,popular ,stories appeared in #ahbd1 followed by a second series in #ahbf4 ,coming across this work after many days spent in hunting up children's books of the period1 the designs flashed upon one as masterpieces1 and for the first time seemed to justify the great popularity of ,cruikshank4 ,for their vigour and brilliant invention1 their diablerie and true local colour1 are amazing when contrasted with what had been previously4 ,wearied of the excessive eulogy bestowed upon ,cruikshank's illustrations to ,dickens1 and unable to accept the artist as an illustrator of real characters in fiction1 when he studies his elfish and other-worldly personages1 the most grudging critic must needs yield a full tribute of praise4 ,the volumes 7published by ,charles ,tilt1 of #hb ,fleet ,street7 are extremely rare2 for many years past the sale-room has recorded fancy prices for all ,cruikshank's illustrations1 so that a lover of modern art has been jealous to note the amount paid for by many extremely poor pictures by this artist1 when even original drawings for the masterpieces by later illustrators went for a song4 ,in ,mr4 ,temple ,scott's indispensable ,book ,sales of #ahif we find the two volumes 7#ahbc-f7 fetched ,l#ab #abs4 ,illustration3 ,,in ,,nooks ,,with ,,books ,,an ,,auto-,,lithograph ,,by ,r4 ,,anning ,,bell4 ,these must not be confounded with ,cruikshank's ,fairy ,library 7#ahdg-fd71 a series of small books in paper wrappers1 now exceedingly rare1 which are more distinctly prepared for juvenile readers4 ,the illustrations to these do not rise above the level of their day1 as did the earlier ones4 ,but this is owing largely to the fact that the standard had risen far above its old average in the thirty years that had elapsed4 ,amid the mass of volumes illustrated by ,cruikshank comparatively few are for juveniles2 some of these are3 ,grimm's ,gammer ,grethel2 ,peter ,schlemihl 7#ahbd72 ,christmas ,recreation 7#ahbe72 ,hans of ,iceland 7#ahbe72 ,german ,popular ,stories 7#ahbc72 ,robinson ,crusoe 7#ahca72 ,the ,brownies 7#ahgj72 ,loblie-by-the-,fire 7#ahgd72 ,tom ,thumb 7#ahcj72 and ,john ,gilpin 7#ahbh74 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,speaking ,,likenesses4 ,,by ,,arthur ,,hughes 7,,macmillan ,,and ,,co4 #ahgd7 ,the works of ,richard ,doyle 7#ahbd-ahhc7 enjoy in a lesser degree the sort of inflated popularity which has gathered around those of ,cruikshank4 ,with much spirit and pleasant invention1 ,doyle lacked academic skill1 and often betrays considerable weakness1 not merely in composition1 but in invention4 ,yet the qualities which won him reputation are by no means despicable4 ,he evidently felt the charm of fairyland1 and peopled it with droll little folk who are neither too human nor too unreal to be attractive4 ,he joined the staff of ,punch when but nineteen1 and soon1 by his political cartoons1 and his famous ,manners and ,customs of ye ,english drawn from ye ,quick1 became an established favourite4 ,his design for the cover of ,punch is one of his happiest inventions4 ,so highly has he been esteemed that the ,national ,gallery possesses one of his pictures1 ,the ,triumphant ,entry2 a ,fairy ,pageant4 ,children's books with his illustrations are numerous2 perhaps the most important are ,the ,enchanted ,crow 7#ahga71 ,feast of ,dwarfs 7#ahga71 ,fortune's ,favourite 7#ahga71 ,the ,fairy ,ring 7#ahde71 ,in ,fairyland 7#ahgj71 ,merry ,pictures 7#aheg71 ,princess ,nobody 7#ahhd71 ,mark ,lemon's ,fairy ,tales 7#ahfh71 ,a ,juvenile ,calendar 7#ahee71 ,fairy ,tales from all ,nations 7#ahdi71 ,snow ,white and ,rosy ,red 7#ahga71 ,ruskin's ,the ,king of the ,golden ,river 7#ahhd71 ,hughes's ,scouring of the ,white ,horse 7#ahei71 ,jack the ,giant ,killer 7#ahhh71 ,home for the ,holidays 7#ahhg71 ,the ,whyte ,fairy ,book 7#ahic74 ,the three last are1 of course1 posthumous publications4 ,still confining ourselves to the pre-,victorian period1 although the works in question were popular several decades later1 we find ,sandford and ,merton 7first published in #aghc1 and constantly reprinted71 ,the ,swiss ,family ,robinson1 the beginning of ,peter ,parley's ,annals1 and a vast number of other books with the same pseudonym appended1 and a host of didactic works1 a large number of which contained pictures of animals and other natural objects1 more or less well drawn4 ,but the pictures in these are not of any great consequence1 merely reflecting the average taste of the day1 and very seldom designed from a child's point of view4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,undine4 ,,by ,,sir ,,john ,,tenniel 7,,james ,,burns4 #ahde7 ,this very inadequate sketch of the books before #ahcg is not curtailed for want of material1 but because1 despite the enormous amount1 very few show attempts to please the child2 to warn1 to exhort1 or to educate are their chief aims4 ,occasionally a ,bewick or an artist of real power is met with1 but the bulk is not only dull1 but of small artistic value4 ,that the artist's name is rarely given must not be taken as a sign that only inept draughtsmen were employed1 for in works of real importance up to and even beyond this date we often find his share ignored4 ,after a time the engraver claims to be considered1 and by degrees the designer is also recognised2 yet for the most part illustration was looked upon merely as jam to conceal the pill4 ,the old ,puritan conception of art as vanity had something to do with this1 no doubt2 for adults often demand that their children shall obey a sterner rule of life than that which they accept themselves4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,elliott',s ,,nursery ,,rhymes ,,by ,w4 ,j4 ,,wiegand 7,,novello1 #ahgj7 ,before passing on1 it is as well to summarise this preamble and to discover how far children's books had improved when her ,majesty came to the throne4 ,the old woodcut1 rough and ill-drawn1 had been succeeded by the masterpieces of ,bewick1 and the respectable if dull achievements of his followers4 ,in the better class of books were excellent designs by artists of some repute fairly well engraved4 ,colouring by hand1 in a primitive fashion1 was applied to these prints and to impressions from copperplates4 ,a certain prettiness was the highest aim of most of the latter1 and very few were designed only to amuse a child4 ,it seems as if all concerned were bent on unbending themselves1 careful to offer grains of truth to young minds with an occasional terrible falsity of their attitude2 indeed1 its satire and profound analysis make it superfluous to reopen the subject4 ,as one might expect1 the literature1 genteel and dull1 naturally desired pictures in the same key4 ,the art of even the better class of children's books was satisfied if it succeeded in being genteel1 or1 as ,miss ,limpenny would say1 cumeelfo4 ,its ideal reached no higher1 and sometimes stopped very far below that modest standard4 ,this is the best 7with the few exceptions already noted7 one can say of pre-,victorian illustration for children4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,elliott',s ,,nursery ,,rhymes ,,by ,h4 ,,stacy ,,marks1 ,r4,a4 7,,novello4 #ahgj7 ,if there is one opinion deeply rooted in the minds of the comparatively few ,britons who care for art1 it is a distrust of ,the ,cole ,gang of ,south ,kensington2 and yet if there be one fact which confronts any student of the present revival of the applied arts1 it is that sooner or later you come to its first experiments inspired or actually undertaken by ,sir ,henry ,cole4 ,under the pseudonym of ,felix ,summerley we find that the originator of a hundred revivals of the applied arts1 projected and issued a series of children's books which even to-day are decidedly worth praise4 ,it is the fashion to trace everything to ,mr4 ,william ,morris1 but in illustrations for children as in a hundred others ,felix ,summerley was setting the ball rolling when ,morris and the members of the famous firm were schoolboys4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,water ,,babies ,,by ,,sir ,r4 ,,noel ,,paton 7,,macmillan ,,and ,,co4 #ahfc7 ,to quote from his own words3 ,during this period 7i4e41 about #ahdd71 my young children becoming numerous1 their wants induced me to publish a rather long series of books1 which constituted ',summerley's ,home ,treasury1' and ,i had the great pleasure of obtaining the welcome assistance of some of the first artists of the time in illustrating them--,mulready1 ,r4,a41 ,cope1 ,r4,a41 ,horsley1 ,r4,a41 ,redgrave1 ,r4,a41 ,webster1 ,r4,a41 ,linnell and his three sons1 ,john1 ,james1 and ,william1 ,h4 ,j4 ,townsend1 and others4444 ,the preparation of these books gave me practical knowledge in the technicalities of the arts of type-printing1 lithography1 copper and steel-plate engraving and printing1 and bookbinding in all its varieties in metal1 wood1 leather1 c4 ,copies of the books in question appear to be very rare4 ,it is doubtful if the omnivorous ,british ,museum has swallowed a complete set2 certainly at the ,art ,library of ,south ,kensington ,museum1 where1 if anywhere1 we might expect to find ,sir ,henry ,cole completely represented1 many gaps occur4 ,how far ,mr4 ,joseph ,cundall1 the publisher1 should be awarded a share of the credit for the enterprise is not apparent1 but his publications and writings1 together with the books issued later by ,cundall and ,addey1 are all marked with the new spirit1 which so far as one can discover was working in many minds at this time1 and manifested itself most conspicuously through the ,pre-,raphaelites and their allies4 ,this all took place1 it must be remembered1 long before #ahea4 ,we forget often that if that exhibition has any important place in the art history of ,great ,britain1 it does but prove that much preliminary work had been already accomplished4 ,you cannot exhibit what does not exist2 you cannot even call into being exhibition specimens at a few months notice1 if something of the same sort1 worked for ordinary commerce1 has not already been in progress for years previously4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,royal ,,umbrella4 ,,by ,,linley ,,sambourne 7,,griffith ,,and ,,farran4 #ahhj7 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,on ,a ,,pincushion4 ,,by ,,william ,,de ,,morgan 7,,seeley1 ,,jackson ,,and ,,halliday4 #ahgg7 ,almost every book referred to has been examined anew for the purposes of this article4 ,as a whole they might fail to impress a critic not peculiarly interested in the matter4 ,but if he tries to project himself to the period that produced them1 and realises fully the enormous importance of first efforts1 he will not estimate grudgingly their intrinsic value1 but be inclined to credit them with the good things they never dreamed of1 as well as those they tried to realise and often failed to achieve4 ,here1 without any prejudice for or against the ,south ,kensington movement1 it is but common justice to record ,sir ,henry ,cole's share in the improvement of children's books2 and later on his efforts on behalf of process engraving must also not be forgotten4 ,to return to the books in question1 some extracts from the original prospectus1 which speaks of them as purposed to cultivate the ,affections1 ,fancy1 ,imagination1 and ,taste of ,children1 are worth quotation3 ,the character of most children's books published during the last quarter of a century1 is fairly typified in the name of ,peter ,parley1 which the writers of some hundreds of them have assumed4 ,the books themselves have been addressed after a narrow fashion1 almost entirely to the cultivation of the understanding of children4 ,the many tales sung or said from time to time immemorial1 which appealed to the other1 and certainly not less important elements of a little child's mind1 its fancy1 imagination1 sympathies1 affections1 are almost all gone out of memory1 and are scarcely to be obtained4 ',little ,red ,riding ,hood1' and other fairy tales hallowed to children's use1 are now turned into ribaldry as satires for men2 as for the creation of a new fairy tale or touching ballad1 such a thing is unheard of4 ,that the influence of all this is hurtful to children1 the conductor of this series firmly believes4 ,he has practical experience of it every day in his own family1 and he doubts not that there are many others who entertain the same opinions as himself4 ,he purposes at least to give some evidence of his belief1 and to produce a series of works1 the character of which may be briefly described as anti-,peter ,parleyism4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,necklace ,,of ,,princess ,,fiorimonde4 ,,by ,,walter ,,crane 7,,macmillan ,,and ,,co4 #ahhj7 ,some will be new works1 some new combinations of old materials1 and some reprints carefully cleared of impurities1 without deterioration to the points of the story4 ,all will be illustrated1 but not after the usual fashion of children's books1 in which it seems to be assumed that the lowest kind of art is good enough to give first impressions to a child4 ,in the present series1 though the statement may perhaps excite a smile1 the illustrations will be selected from the works of ,raffaelle1 ,titian1 ,hans ,holbein1 and other old masters4 ,some of the best modern artists have kindly promised their aid in creating a taste for beauty in little children4 ,did space permit1 a selection from the reviews of the chief literary papers that welcomed the new venture would be instructive4 ,there we should find that even the most cautious critic1 always hedging and playing for safety1 felt compelled to accord a certain amount of praise to the new enterprise4 ,it is true that ,felix ,summerley created only one type of the modern book4 ,possibly the stories turned into satires to which he alludes are the entirely amusing volumes by ,f4 ,h4 ,bayley1 the author of ,a ,new ,tale of a ,tub4 ,as it happened that these volumes were my delight as a small boy1 possibly ,i am unduly fond of them2 but it seems to me that their humour--a la ,ingoldsby1 it is true--and their exuberantly comic drawings1 reveal the first glimpses of lighter literature addressed specially to children1 that long after found its masterpieces in the ,crane and ,greenaway and ,caldecott ,toy ,books1 in ,alice in ,wonderland1 and in a dozen other treasured volumes1 which are now classics4 ,the chief claim for the ,home ,treasury series to be considered as the advance guard of our present sumptuous volumes1 rests not so much upon the quality of their designs or the brightness of their literature4 ,their chief importance is that in each of them we find for the first time that the externals of a child's book are most carefully considered4 ,its type is well chosen1 the proportions of its page are evidently studied1 its binding1 even its end-papers1 show that some one person was doing his best to attain perfection4 ,it is this conscious effort1 whatever it actually realised1 which distinguishes the result from all before4 ,it is evident that the series--the ,home ,treasury--took itself seriously4 ,its purpose was ,art with a capital ,a--a discovery1 be it noted1 of this period4 ,sir ,henry ,cole1 in a footnote to the very page whence the quotation above was extracted1 discusses the first use of ,art as an adjective denoting the ,fine ,arts4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,household ,,stories ,,from ,,grimm4 ,,by ,,walter ,,crane 7,,macmillan ,,and ,,co4 #ahhb7 ,here it is more than ever difficult to keep to the thread of this discourse4 ,all that ,south ,kensington did and failed to do1 the aesthetic movement of the eighties1 the new gospel of artistic salvation by ,liberty fabrics and ,de ,morgan tiles1 the erratic changes of fashion in taste1 the collapse of ,gothic architecture1 the triumph of ,queen ,anne1 and the ,arts and ,crafts movement of the nineties--in short1 all the story of ,art in the last fifty years1 from the new ,law ,courts to the ,tate ,gallery1 from ,felix ,summerley to a ,hollyer photograph1 from the introduction of glyptography to the pictures in the ,daily ,chronicle1 demand notice4 ,but the door must be shut on the turbulent throng1 and only children's books allowed to pass through4 ,the publications by ,felix ,summerley1 according to the list in ,fifty ,years of ,public ,work1 by ,sir ,henry ,cole1 ,k4,c4,b4 7,bell1 #ahhd71 include3 ,holbein's ,bible ,events1 eight pictures1 coloured by ,mr4 ,linnell's sons1 #ds4 #f;d42 ,raffaelle's ,bible ,events1 six pictures from the ,loggia1 drawn on stone by ,mr4 ,linnell's children and coloured by them1 #es4 #f;d42 ,albert ,duerer's ,bible ,events1 six pictures from ,duerer's ,small ,passion1 coloured by the brothers ,linnell2 ,traditional ,nursery ,songs1 containing eight pictures2 ,the ,beggars coming to ,town1 by ,c4 ,w4 ,cope1 ,r4,a42 ,by1 ,o my ,baby6 by ,r4 ,redgrave1 ,r4,a42 ,mother ,hubbard1 by ,t4 ,webster1 ,r4,a42 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 ,sleepy ,head1 ,up in a ,basket1 ,cat asleep by the ,fire1 by ,john ,linnell1 #ds4 #f;d41 coloured2 ,the ,ballad of ,sir ,hornbook1 by ,thos4 ,love ,peacock1 with eight pictures by ,h4 ,corbould1 coloured1 #ds4 #f;d4 7,a book with the same title1 also described as a grammatico-allegorical ballad1 was published by ,n4 ,haites in #ahah47 ,chevy ,chase1 with music and four pictures by ,frederick ,tayler1 ,president of the ,water-,colour ,society1 coloured1 #ds4 #f;d42 ,puck's ,reports to ,oberon2 ,four new ,faery ,tales3 ,the ,sisters1 ,golden ,locks1 ,grumble and ,cherry1 ,arts and ,arms1 by ,c4 ,a4 ,cole1 with six pictures by ,j4 ,h4 ,townsend1 ,r4 ,redgrave1 ,r4,a41 ,j4 ,c4 ,horsley1 ,r4,a41 ,c4 ,w4 ,cope1 ,r4,a41 and ,f4 ,tayler2 ,little ,red ,riding ,hood1 with four pictures by ,thos4 ,webster1 coloured1 #cs4 #f;d42 ,beauty and the ,beast1 with four pictures by ,j4 ,c4 ,horsley1 ,r4,a41 coloured1 #cs4 #f;d42 ,jack and the ,bean ,stalk1 with four pictures by ,c4 ,w4 ,cope1 ,r4,a41 coloured1 #cs4 #f;d42 ,cinderella1 with four pictures by ,e4 ,h4 ,wehnert1 coloured1 #cs4 #f;d42 ,jack the ,giant ,killer1 with four pictures by ,c4 ,w4 ,cope1 coloured1 #cs4 #f;d42 ,the ,home ,treasury ,primer1 printed in colours1 with drawing on zinc1 by ,w4 ,mulready1 ,r4,a42 ,alphabets of ,quadrupeds1 selected from the works of ,paul ,potter1 ,karl du ,jardin1 ,teniers1 ,stoop1 ,rembrandt1 c41 and drawn from nature2 ,the ,pleasant ,history of ,reynard the ,fox1 with forty of the fifty-seven etchings made by ,everdingen in #ageb1 coloured1 #cas4 #f;d42 ,a ,century of ,fables1 with pictures by the old masters4 ,to this list should be added--if it is not by ,felix ,summerley1 it is evidently conceived by the same spirit and published also by ,cundall--,gammer ,gurton's ,garland1 by ,ambrose ,merton1 with illustrations by ,t4 ,webster and others4 ,this was also issued as a series of sixpenny books1 of which ,mr4 ,elkin ,mathews owns a nearly complete set1 in their original covers of gold and coloured paper4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,a ,,wonder ,,book ,,for ,,girls ,,and ,,boys4 ,,by ,,walter ,,crane 7,,osgood1 ,,mcilvaine ,,and ,,co4 #ahib7 ,it would be very easy to over-estimate the intrinsic merit of these books1 but when you consider them as pioneers it would be hard to over-rate the importance of the new departure4 ,to enlist the talent of the most popular artists of the period1 and produce volumes printed in the best style of the ,chiswick ,press1 with bindings and end-papers specially designed1 and the whole get up of the book carefully considered1 was certainly a bold innovation in the early forties4 ,that it failed to be a profitable venture one may deduce from the fact that the ,felix ,summerley series did not run to many volumes1 and that the firm who published them1 after several changes1 seems to have expired1 or more possibly was incorporated with some other venture4 ,the books themselves are forgotten by most booksellers to-day1 as ,i have discovered from many fruitless demands for copies4 ,the little square pamphlets by ,f4 ,h4 ,bayley1 to which allusion has already been made1 include ,blue ,beard2 ,robinson ,crusoe1 and ,red ,riding ,hood1 all published about #ahde-f4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,queen ,,of ,,the ,,pirate ,,isle4 ,,by ,,kate ,,greenaway 7,,edmund ,,evans4 #ahhg7 ,whether ,the ,sleeping ,beauty1 then announced as in preparation1 was published1 ,i do not know4 ,their rhyming chronicle in the style of the ,ingoldsby ,legends is neatly turned1 and the topical allusions1 although out of date now1 are not sufficiently frequent to make it unintelligible4 ,the pictures 7possibly by ,alfred ,crowquill7 are conceived in a spirit of burlesque1 and are full of ingenious conceits and no little grim vigour4 ,the design of ,robinson ,crusoe roosting in a tree-- ,and so he climbs up a very tall tree1 ,and fixes himself to his comfort and glee1 ,hung up from the end of a branch by his breech1 ,quite out of all mischievous quadrupeds' reach4 ,a position not perfectly easy 't is true1 ,but yet at the same time consoling and new-- reproduced on p4 #ac1 shows the wilder humour of the illustrations4 ,another of ,blue ,beard1 and one of the wolf suffering from undigested grandmother1 are also given4 ,they need no comment1 except to note that in the originals1 printed on a coloured tint with the high lights left white1 the ferocity of ,blue ,beard is greatly heightened4 ,the wolf1 as he lay there brimful of grandmother and guilt1 is one of the best of the smaller pictures in the text4 ,other noteworthy books which appeared about this date are ,mrs4 ,felix ,summerley's ,mother's ,primer1 illustrated by ,w4 ,mulready81 ,longmans1 #ahdc2 ,little ,princess1 by ,mrs4 ,john ,slater1 #ahdc1 with six charming lithographs by ,j4 ,c4 ,horsley1 ,r4,a4 7one of which is reproduced on p4 #aa72 the ,honey ,stew1 of the ,countess ,bertha ,jeremiah ,how1 #ahdf1 with coloured plates by ,harrison ,weir2 ,early ,days of ,english ,princes1 with capital illustrations by ,john ,franklin2 and a series of ,pleasant ,books for ,young ,children1 #f;d4 plain and #as4 coloured1 published by ,cundall and ,addey4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,little ,,folks ,,by ,,kate ,,greenaway 7,,cassell ,,and ,,co47 ,in #ahdf appeared a translation of ,de ,la ,motte ,fouque's romances1 ,undine being illustrated by ,john ,tenniel1 jun41 and the following volumes by ,j4 ,franklin1 ,h4 ,c4 ,selous1 and other artists4 ,the ,tenniel designs1 as the frontispiece reproduced on p4 #bj shows clearly1 are interesting both in themselves and as the earliest published work of the famous ,punch cartoonist4 ,the strong ,german influence they show is also apparent in nearly all the decorations4 ,the ,juvenile ,verse and ,picture ,book 7#ahdh71 also contains designs by ,tenniel1 and others by ,w4 ,b4 ,scott and ,sir ,john ,gilbert4 ,the ideal they established is maintained more or less closely for a long period4 ,songs for ,children 7,w4 ,s4 ,orr1 #ahej72 ,young ,england's ,little ,library 7#ahea72 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,c4 ,hall's ,number ,one1 with pictures by ,john ,absolon 7#ahed72 ,stories about ,dogs1 with plates by ,thomas ,landseer 7,bogue1 c4 #ahej72 ,the ,three ,bears1 illustrated by ,absolon and ,harrison ,weir 7,addey and ,co41 no date72 ,nursery ,poetry 7,bell and ,daldy1 #ahei71 may be noted as typical examples of this period4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,pied ,,piper ,,of ,,hamelin ,,by ,,kate ,,greenaway 7,,edmund ,,evans7 ,in ,granny's ,story ,box 7,piper1 ,stephenson1 and ,spence1 about #ahee71 a most delicious collection of fairy tales illustrated by ,j4 ,knight1 we find the author in his preface protesting against the opinion of a supposititious old lady who thought all fairy tales were abolished years ago by ,peter ,parley and the ,penny ,magazine4 ,these fanciful stories deserve to be republished1 for they are not old-fashioned1 even if their pictures are4 ,to what date certain delightfully printed little volumes1 issued by ,tabart and ,co41 #aeg ,bond ,street1 may be ascribed ,i know not--probably some years before the time we are considering1 but they must not be overlooked4 ,the title of one1 ,mince ,pies for ,christmas1 suggests that it is not very far before1 for the legend of ,christmas festivities had not long been revived for popular use4 ,the ,little ,lychetts1 by the author of ,john ,halifax1 illustrated by ,henry ,warren1 ,president of the ,new ,society of ,painters in ,water-,colours 7now the ,r4,i47 is remarkable for the extremely uncomely type of children it depicts2 yet that its charm is still vivid1 despite its severe illustrations1 you have but to lend it to a child to be convinced quickly4 ,jack's ,holiday1 by ,albert ,smith 7undated71 suggests a new field of research which might lead us astray1 as ,smith's humour is more often addressed primarily to adults4 ,indeed1 the effort to make this chronicle even representative1 much less exhaustive1 breaks down in the fifties1 when so much good yet not very exhilarating material is to be found in every publisher's list4 ,john ,leech in ,the ,silver ,swan of ,mdme4 de ,chatelaine2 ,charles ,keene in ,the ,adventures of ,dick ,bolero 7,darton1 no date71 and ,robinson ,crusoe 7drawn upon for illustration here71 and others of the ,punch artists1 should find their works duly catalogued even in this hasty sketch2 but space compels scant justice to many artists of the period1 yet if the most popular are left unnoticed such omission will more easily right itself to any reader interested in the subject4 ,many show influences of the ,gothic revival which was then in the air1 but only those which have some idea of book decoration as opposed to inserted pictures4 ,for a certain formal ornamentation of the page was in fashion in the forties and fifties1 even as it is to-day4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,cape ,,town ,,dicky ,,by ,,alice ,,havers 7,c4 ,w4 ,,faulkner ,,and ,,co47 ,to the artists named as representative of this period one must not forget to add ,mr4 ,birket ,foster1 who devoted many of his felicitous studies of ,english pastoral life to the adornment of children's books4 ,but speaking broadly of the period from the ,queen's ,accession to #ahfe1 except that the subjects are of a sort supposed to appeal to young minds1 their conception differs in no way from the work of the same artists in ordinary literature4 ,the vignettes of scenery have childish instead of grown-up figures in the foregrounds2 the historical or legendary figures are as seriously depicted in the one class of books as in the other4 ,humour is conspicuous by its absence--or1 to be more accurate1 the humour is more often in the accompanying anecdote than in the picture4 ,probably if the authorship of hundreds of the illustrations of ,peter ,parley's ,annuals and other books of this period could be traced1 artists as famous as ,charles ,keene might be found to have contributed4 ,but1 owing to the mediocre wood-engraving employed1 or to the poor printing1 the pictures are singularly unattractive4 ,as a rule1 they are unsigned and appear to be often mere pot-boilers--some no doubt intentionally disowned by the designer--others the work of 'prentice hands who afterwards became famous4 ,above all they are1 essentially1 illustrations to children's books only because they chanced to be printed therein1 and have sometimes done duty in grown-up books first4 ,hence1 whatever their artistic merits1 they do not appeal to a student of our present subject4 ,they are accidentally present in books for children1 but essentially they belong to ordinary illustrations4 ,indeed1 speaking generally1 the time between ,felix ,summerley and ,walter ,crane1 which saw two ,great ,exhibitions and witnessed many advances in popular illustration1 was too much occupied with catering for adults to be specially interested in juveniles4 ,hence1 notwithstanding the names of illustrious illustrators to be found on their title-pages1 no great injustice will be done if we leave this period and pass on to that which succeeded it4 ,for the ,great ,exhibition fostered the idea that a smattering of knowledge of a thousand and one subjects was good4 ,hence the chastened gaiety of its mildly technical science1 its popular manuals by ,dr4 ,dionysius ,lardner1 and its return in another form to the earlier ideal that amusement should be combined with instruction4 ,all sorts of attempts were initiated to make ,astronomy palatable to babies1 ,botany an amusing game for children1 ,conchology a parlour pastime1 and so on through the alphabet of sciences down to ,zoology1 which is never out of favour with little ones1 even if its pictures be accompanied by a dull encylopaedia of fact4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,white ,,swans ,,by ,,alice ,,havers 7,by permission of ,mr4 ,albert ,hildesheimer7 ,therefore1 except so far as the work of certain illustrators1 hereafter noticed1 touches this period1 we may leave it2 not because it is unworthy of most serious attention1 for in ,sir ,john ,gilbert1 ,birket ,foster1 ,harrison ,weir1 and the rest1 we have men to reckon with whenever a chronicle of ,english illustration is in question1 but only because they did not often feel disposed to make their work merely amusing4 ,in saying this it is not suggested that they should have tried to be always humorous or archaic1 still less to bring down their talent to the supposed level of a child2 but only to record the fact that they did not4 ,for instance1 ,sir ,john ,gilbert's spirited compositions to a ,boy's ,book of ,ballads 7,bell and ,daldy7 as you see them mixed with other of the master's work in the reference scrap-books of the publishers1 do not at once separate themselves from the rest as juvenile pictures4 ,nor as we approach the year #ahee 7of the ,music ,master71 and #aheg 7when the famous edition of ,tennyson's ,poems began a series of superbly illustrated books71 do we find any immediate change in the illustration of children's books4 ,the solitary example of ,sir ,edward ,burne-,jones's efforts in this direction1 in the frontispiece and title-page to ,maclaren's ,the ,fairy ,family 7,longmans1 #aheg71 does not affect this statement4 ,but soon after1 as the school of ,walker and ,pinwell became popular1 there is a change in books of all sorts1 and ,millais and ,arthur ,hughes1 two of the three illustrators of the notable ,music ,master1 come into our list of children's artists4 ,at this point the attempt to weave a chronicle of children's books somewhat in the date of their publication must give way to a desultory notice of the most prominent illustrators4 ,for we have come to the beginning of to-day rather than the end of yesterday1 and can regard the sixties onwards as part of the present4 ,it is true that the ,millais of the wonderful designs to ,the ,parables more often drew pictures of children than of children's pet themes1 but all the same they are entirely lovable1 and appeal equally to children of all ages4 ,but his work in this field is scanty2 nearly all will be found in ,little ,songs for me to ,sing 7,cassell71 or in ,lilliput ,levee 7#ahfg71 and these latter had appeared previously in ,good ,words4 ,of ,arthur ,hughes's work we will speak later4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,red ,,fairy ,,book4 ,,by ,,lancelot ,,speed 7,,longmans1 ,,green ,,and ,,co47 ,another artist whose work bulks large in our subject--,arthur ,boyd ,houghton--soon appears in sight1 and whether he depicted babies at play as in ,home ,thoughts and ,home ,scenes1 a book of thirty-five pictures of little people1 or imagined the scenes of stories dear to them in ,the ,arabian ,nights1 or books like ,ernie ,elton or ,the ,boy ,pilgrims1 written especially for them1 in each he succeeded in winning their hearts1 as every one must admit who chanced in childhood to possess his work4 ,so much has been printed lately of the artist and his work1 that here a bare reference will suffice4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,red ,,fairy ,,book4 ,,by ,,lancelot ,,speed 7,,longmans1 ,,green ,,and ,,co47 ,arthur ,hughes1 whose work belongs to many of the periods touched upon in this rambling chronicle1 may be called the children's black-and-white artist of the sixties 7taking the date broadly as comprising the earlier seventies also71 even as ,walter ,crane is their limner in colours4 ,his work is evidently conceived with the serious make-believe that is the very essence of a child's imagination4 ,he seems to put down on paper the very spirit of fancy4 ,whether as an artist he is fully entitled to the rank some of his admirers 7of whom ,i am one7 would claim1 is a question not worth raising here--the future will settle that for us4 ,but as a children's illustrator he is surely illustrator-in-chief to the ,queen of the ,fairies1 and to a whole generation of readers of ,tom ,brown's ,schooldays also4 ,his contributions to ,good ,words for the ,young would alone entitle him to high eminence4 ,in addition to these1 which include many stories perhaps better known in book form1 such as3 ,the ,boy in ,grey 7,h4 ,kingsley71 ,george ,macdonald's ,at the ,back of the ,north ,wind1 ,the ,princess and the ,goblin1 ,ranald ,bannerman's ,boyhood1 ,gutta-,percha ,willie 7these four were published by ,strahan1 and now may be obtained in reprints issued by ,messrs4 ,blackie71 and ,lilliput ,lectures 7a book of essays for children by ,matthew ,browne71 we find him as sole illustrator of ,christina ,rossetti's ,sing ,song1 ,five ,days' ,entertainment at ,wentworth ,grange1 ,dealings with the ,fairies1 by ,george ,macdonald 7a very scarce volume nowadays71 and the chief contributor to the first illustrated edition of ,tom ,brown's ,schooldays4 ,in ,novello's ,national ,nursery ,rhymes are also several of his designs4 ,this list1 which occupies so small a space1 represents several hundred designs1 all treated in a manner which is decorative 7although it eschews the ,duerer line71 but marked by strong colour4 ,indeed1 ,mr4 ,hughes's technique is all his own1 and if hard pressed one might own that in certain respects it is not impeccable4 ,but if his textures are not sufficiently differentiated1 or even if his drawing appears careless at times--both charges not to be admitted without vigorous protest--granting the opponent's view for the moment1 it would be impossible to find the same peculiar tenderness and naive fancy in the work of any other artist4 ,his invention seems inexhaustible and his composition singularly fertile3 he can create bogeys as well as fairies4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,red ,,fairy ,,book4 ,,by ,,lancelot ,,speed 7,,longmans1 ,,green ,,and ,,co47 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,down ,,the ,,snow ,,stairs4 ,,by ,,gordon ,,browne 7,,blackie ,,and ,,son7 ,it is true that his children are related to the sexless idealised race of ,sir ,edward ,burne-,jones's heroes and heroines2 they are purged of earthy taint1 and idealised perhaps a shade too far4 ,they adopt attitudes graceful if not realistic1 they have always a grave serenity of expression2 and yet withal they endear themselves in a way wholly their own4 ,it is strange that a period which has bestowed so much appreciation on the work of the artists of the sixties has seen no knight-errant with ,arthur ,hughes inscribed on his banner--no exhibition of his black-and-white work1 no craze in auction-rooms for first editions of books he illustrated4 ,he has1 however1 a steady if limited band of very faithful devotees1 and perhaps--so inconsistent are we all--they love his work all the better because the blast of popularity has not trumpeted its merits to all and sundry4 ,three artists1 often coupled together--,walter ,crane1 ,randolph ,caldecott1 and ,kate ,greenaway--have really little in common1 except that they all designed books for children which were published about the same period4 ,for ,walter ,crane is the serious apostle of art for the nursery1 who strove to beautify its ideal1 to decorate its legends with a real knowledge of architecture and costume1 and to mount the fairy stories with a certain archaeological splendour1 as ,sir ,henry ,irving has set himself to mount ,shakespearean drama4 ,caldecott was a fine literary artist1 who was able to express himself with rare facility in pictures in place of words1 so that his comments upon a simple text reveal endless subtleties of thought4 ,indeed1 he continued to make a fairly logical sequence of incidents out of the famous nonsense paragraph invented to confound mnemonics by its absolute irrelevancy4 ,miss ,greenaway's charm lies in the fact that she first recognised quaintness in what had been considered merely old fashion1 and continued to infuse it with a glamour that made it appear picturesque4 ,had she dressed her figures in contemporary costume most probably her work would have taken its place with the average1 and never obtained more than common popularity4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,robinson ,,crusoe ,,by ,,gordon ,,browne 7,,blackie ,,and ,,son7 ,but ,mr4 ,walter ,crane is almost unique in his profound sympathy with the fantasies he imagines4 ,there is no trace of make-believe in his designs4 ,on the contrary1 he makes the old legends become vital1 not because of the personalities he bestows on his heroes and fairy princesses--his people move often in a rapt ecstasy--but because the adjuncts of his mise-en-scenes are realised intimately4 ,his prince is much more the typical hero than any particular person2 his fair ladies might exchange places1 and few would notice the difference2 but when it comes to the environment1 the real incidents of the story1 then no one has more fully grasped both the dramatic force and the local colour4 ,if his people are not peculiarly alive1 they are in harmony with the re-edified cities and woods that sprang up under his pencil4 ,he does not bestow the hoary touch of antiquity on his mediaeval buildings2 they are all new and comely1 in better taste probably than the actual buildings1 but not more idealised than are his people4 ,he is the true artist of fairyland1 because he recognises its practical possibilities1 and yet does not lose the glamour which was never on sea or land4 ,no artist could give more cultured notions of fairyland4 ,in his work the vulgar glories of a pantomime are replaced by well-conceived splendour2 the tawdry adjuncts of a throne-room1 as represented in a theatre1 are ignored4 ,temples and palaces of the early ,renaissance1 filled with graceful--perhaps a shade too suave--figures1 embody all the charm of the impossible country1 with none of the sordid drawbacks that are common to real life4 ,in modern dress1 as in his pictures to many of ,mrs4 ,molesworth's stories1 there is a certain unlikeness to life as we know it1 which does not detract from the effect of the design2 but while this is perhaps distracting in stories of contemporary life1 it is a very real advantage in those of folk-lore1 which have no actual date1 and are therefore unafraid of anachronisms of any kind4 ,the spirit of his work is1 as it should be1 intensely serious1 yet the conceits which are showered upon it exactly harmonise with the mood of most of the stories that have attracted his pencil4 ,grimm's ,household ,stories1 as he pictured them1 are a lasting joy4 ,the ,bluebeard and ,jack and the ,beanstalk toy books1 the ,princess ,belle ,etoile1 and a dozen others are nursery classics1 and classics also of the other nursery where children of a larger growth take their pleasure4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,robinson ,,crusoe4 ,,by ,,will ,,paget4 7,,cassell ,,and ,,co47 ,without a shade of disrespect towards all the other artists represented in this special number1 had it been devoted solely to ,mr4 ,walter ,crane's designs1 it would have been as interesting in every respect4 ,there is probably not a single illustrator here mentioned who would not endorse such a statement4 ,for as a maker of children's books1 no one ever attempted the task he fulfilled so gaily1 and no one since has beaten him on his own ground4 ,even ,mr4 ,howard ,pyle1 his most worthy rival1 has given us no wealth of colour-prints4 ,so that the famous toy books still retain their well-merited position as the most delightful books for the nursery and the studio1 equally beloved by babies and artists4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,english ,,fairy ,,tales ,,by ,j4 ,d4 ,,batten 7,,david ,,nutt7 ,although a complete iconography of ,mr4 ,walter ,crane's work has not yet been made1 the following list of such of his children's books as ,i have been able to trace may be worth printing for the benefit of those who have not access to the ,british ,museum2 where1 by the way1 many are not included in that section of its catalogue devoted to ,crane1 ,walter4 ,illustration3 ,,so ,,light ,,of ,,foot1 ,,so ,,light ,,of ,,spirit4 ,,by ,,charles ,,robinson ,the famous series of toy books by ,walter ,crane include3 ,the ,railroad ,a ,b ,c1 ,the ,farmyard ,a ,b ,c1 ,sing a ,song of ,sixpence1 ,the ,waddling ,frog1 ,the ,old ,courtier1 ,multiplication in ,verse1 ,chattering ,jack1 ,how ,jessie was ,lost1 ,grammar in ,rhyme1 ,annie and ,jack in ,london1 ,one1 ,two1 ,buckle my ,shoe1 ,the ,fairy ,ship1 ,adventures of ,puffy1 ,this ,little ,pig went to ,market1 ,king ,luckieboy's ,party1 ,noah's ,ark ,alphabet1 ,my ,mother1 ,the ,forty ,thieves1 ,the ,three ,bears1 ,cinderella1 ,valentine and ,orson1 ,puss in ,boots1 ,old ,mother ,hubbard1 ,the ,absurd ,a ,b ,c1 ,little ,red ,riding ,hood1 ,jack and the ,beanstalk1 ,blue ,beard1 ,baby's ,own ,alphabet1 ,the ,sleeping ,beauty4 ,all these were published at sixpence4 ,a larger series at one shilling includes3 ,the ,frog ,prince1 ,goody ,two ,shoes1 ,beauty and the ,beast1 ,alphabet of ,old ,friends1 ,the ,yellow ,dwarf1 ,aladdin1 ,the ,hind in the ,wood1 and ,princess ,belle ,etoile4 ,all these were published from #ahgc onwards by ,routledge1 and printed in colours by ,edmund ,evans4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,english ,,fairy ,,tales4 ,,by ,j4 ,d4 ,,batten 7,,david ,,nutt7 ,a small quarto series ,routledge published at five shillings includes3 ,the ,baby's ,opera1 ,the ,baby's ,bouquet1 ,the ,baby's ,own ,a,esop4 ,another and larger quarto1 ,flora's ,feast 7#ahhi71 and ,queen ,summer 7#ahia71 were both published by ,cassells1 who issued also ,legends for ,lionel 7#ahhg74 ,pan ,pipes1 an oblong folio with music was issued by ,routledge4 ,messrs4 ,marcus ,ward produced ,slate and ,pencilvania1 ,pothooks and ,perseverance1 ,romance of the ,three ,rs1 ,little ,queen ,anne 7#ahhe-f71 ,hawthorne's ,a ,wonder ,book1 first published in ,america1 is a quarto volume with elaborate designs in colour2 and ,the ,golden ,primer 7#ahhd71 two vols41 by ,professor ,meiklejohn 7,blackwood7 is1 like all the above1 in colour4 ,of a series of stories by ,mrs4 ,molesworth the following volumes are illustrated by ,mr4 ,crane3--,a ,christmas ,posy 7#ahhh71 ,carrots 7#ahgf71 ,a ,christmas ,child 7#ahhf71 ,christmas-tree ,land 7#ahhd71 ,the ,cuckoo ,clock 7#ahgg71 ,four ,winds ,farm 7#ahhg71 ,grandmother ,dear 7#ahgh71 ,herr ,baby 7#ahha71 ,little ,miss ,peggy 7#ahhg71 ,the ,rectory ,children 7#ahhi71 ,rosy 7#ahhb71 ,the ,tapestry ,room 7#ahgi71 ,tell me a ,story1 ,two ,little ,waifs1 ,us 7#ahhe71 and ,children of the ,castle 7#ahij74 ,earlier in date are ,stories from ,memel 7#ahfd71 ,stories of ,old1 ,children's ,sayings 7#ahfa71 two series1 ,poor ,match 7#ahfa71 ,the ,merry ,heart1 with eight coloured plates 7,cassell72 ,king ,gab's ,story ,bag 7,cassell71 ,magic of ,kindness 7#ahfi71 ,queen of the ,tournament1 ,history of ,poor ,match1 ,our ,uncle's ,old ,home 7#ahgb71 ,sunny ,days 7#ahga71 ,the ,turtle ,dove's ,nest 7#ahij74 ,later come ,the ,necklace of ,princess ,fiorimonde 7#ahhj71 the famous edition of ,grimm's ,household ,stories 7#ahhb71 both published by ,macmillan1 and ,c4 ,c4 ,harrison's ,folk and ,fairy ,tales 7#ahhe71 ,the ,happy ,prince 7,nutt1 #ahhh74 ,of these the ,grimm and ,fiorimonde are perhaps two of the most important illustrated books noted in these pages4 ,randolph ,caldecott founded a school that still retains fresh hold of the ,british public4 ,but with all respect to his most loyal disciple1 ,mr4 ,hugh ,thomson1 one doubts if any successor has equalled the master in the peculiar subtlety of his pictured comment upon the bare text4 ,you have but to turn to any of his toy books to see that at times each word1 almost each syllable1 inspired its own picture2 and that the artist not only conceived the scene which the text called into being1 but each successive step before and after the reported incident itself4 ,in ,the ,house that ,jack ,built1 ,this is the ,rat that ,ate the ,malt supplies a subject for five pictures4 ,first the owner carrying in the malt1 next the rat driven away by the man1 then the rat peeping up into the deserted room1 next the rat studying a placard upside down inscribed four measures of malt1 and finally1 the gorged animal sitting upon an empty measure4 ,so ,this is the ,cat that ,killed the ,rat is expanded into five pictures4 ,the dog has four1 the cat three1 and the rest of the story is amplified with its secondary incidents duly sought and depicted4 ,this literary expression is possibly the most marked characteristic of a facile and able draughtsman4 ,he studied his subject as no one else ever studied it--he must have played with it1 dreamed of it1 worried it night and day1 until he knew it ten times better than its author4 ,then he portrayed it simply and with irresistible vigour1 with a fine economy of line and colour2 when colour is added1 it is mainly as a gay convention1 and not closely imitative of nature4 ,the sixteen toy books which bear his name are too well known to make a list of their titles necessary4 ,a few other children's books--,what the ,blackbird ,said 7,routledge1 #ahha71 ,jackanapes1 ,lob-lie-by-the-,fire1 ,daddy ,darwin's ,dovecot1 all by ,mrs4 ,ewing 7,s4,p4,c4,k471 ,baron ,bruno 7,macmillan71 ,some of ,a,esop's ,fables 7,macmillan71 and one or two others1 are of secondary importance from our point of view here4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,wonder ,,clock4 ,,by ,,howard ,,pyle 7,,harper ,,and ,,brothers7 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,wonder ,,clock4 ,,by ,,howard ,,pyle 7,,harper ,,and ,,brothers7 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,wonder ,,clock4 ,,by ,,howard ,,pyle 7,,harper ,,and ,,brothers4 #ahid7 ,it is no overt dispraise to say of ,miss ,kate ,greenaway that few artists made so great a reputation in so small a field4 ,inspired by the children's books of #ahbj 7as a reference to a design1 ,paths of ,learning1 reproduced on p4 #i will show71 and with a curious naivety that was even more unconcerned in its dramatic effect than were the missal marge pictures of the illuminators1 by her simple presentation of the childishness of childhood she won all hearts4 ,her little people are the beau-ideal of nursery propriety--clean1 good-tempered1 happy small gentlefolk4 ,for1 though they assume peasants' garb1 they never betray boorish manners4 ,their very abandon is only that of nice little people in play-hours1 and in their wildest play the penalties that await torn knickerbockers or soiled frocks are not absent from their minds4 ,whether they really interested children as they delighted their elders is a moot point4 ,the verdict of many modern children is unanimous in praise1 and possibly because they represented the ideal every properly educated child is supposed to cherish4 ,the slight taint of priggishness which occasionally is there did not reveal itself to a child's eye4 ,miss ,greenaway's art1 however1 is not one to analyse but to enjoy4 ,that she is a most careful and painstaking worker is a fact1 but one that would not in itself suffice to arouse one's praise4 ,the absence of effort which makes her work look happy and without effort is not its least charm4 ,her gay yet cultured colour1 her appreciation of green chairs and formal gardens1 all came at the right time4 ,the houses by a ,norman ,shaw found a ,morris and a ,liberty ready with furniture and fabrics1 and all sorts of manufacturers devoting themselves to the production of pleasant objects1 to fill them2 and for its drawing-room tables ,miss ,greenaway produced books that were in the same key4 ,but as the architecture and the fittings1 at their best1 proved to be no passing whim1 but the germ of a style1 so her illustration is not a trifling sport1 but a very real1 if small1 item in the history of the evolution of picture-books4 ,good taste is the prominent feature of her work1 and good taste1 if out of fashion for a time1 always returns1 and is treasured by future generations1 no matter whether it be in accord with the expression of the hour or distinctly archaic4 ,time is a very stringent critic1 and much that passed as tolerably good taste when it fell in with the fashion1 looks hopelessly vulgar when the tide of popularity has retreated4 ,miss ,greenaway's work appears as refined ten years after its boom1 as it did when it was at the flood4 ,that in itself is perhaps an evidence of its lasting power2 for ten or a dozen years impart a certain shabby and worn aspect that has no flavour of the antique as a saving virtue to atone for its shortcomings4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,wonder ,,clock4 ,,by ,,howard ,,pyle4 7,,harper ,,and ,,brothers7 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,wonder ,,clock4 ,,by ,,howard ,,pyle4 7,,harper ,,and ,,brothers7 ,it seems almost superfluous to give a list of the principal books by ,miss ,kate ,greenaway1 yet for the convenience of collectors the names of the most noteworthy volumes may be set down4 ,those with coloured plates are3 ,a1 ,apple ,pie 7#ahhf71 ,alphabet 7#ahhe71 ,almanacs 7from #ahhb yearly71 ,birthday ,book 7#ahhj71 ,book of ,games 7#ahhi71 ,a ,day in a ,child's ,life 7#ahhe71 ,king ,pepito 7#ahhi71 ,language of ,flowers 7#ahhd71 ,little ,ann 7#ahhc71 ,marigold ,garden 7#ahhe71 ,mavor's ,spelling ,book 7#ahhe71 ,mother ,goose 7#ahhf71 ,the ,pied ,piper of ,hamelin 7#ahhi71 ,painting ,books 7#ahgi and #ahhe71 ,queen ,victoria's ,jubilee ,garland 7#ahhg71 ,queen of the ,pirate ,isle 7#ahhf71 ,under the ,window 7#ahgi74 ,others with black-and-white illustrations include ,child of the ,parsonage 7#ahgd71 ,fairy ,gifts 7#ahge71 ,seven ,birthdays 7#ahgf71 ,starlight ,stories 7#ahgg71 ,topo 7#ahgh71 ,dame ,wiggins of ,lee 7,allen1 #ahhe71 ,stories from the ,eddas 7#ahhc74 ,many designs1 some in colour1 are to be found in volumes of ,little ,folks1 ,little ,wideawake1 ,every ,girl's ,magazine1 ,girl's ,own ,paper1 and elsewhere4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,children',s ,,singing ,,games ,,by ,,winifred ,,smith 7,,david ,,nutt4 #ahid7 ,the art of ,miss ,greenaway is part of the legend of the aesthetic craze1 and while its storks and sunflowers have faded1 and some of its eccentricities are forgotten1 the quaint little pictures on ,christmas cards1 in toy books1 and elsewhere1 are safely installed as items of the art product of the century4 ,indeed1 many a popular ,royal ,academy picture is likely to be forgotten before the illustrations from her hand4 ,bric-a-brac they were1 but more than that1 for they gave infinite pleasure to thousands of children of all ages1 and if they do not rise up and call her blessed1 they retain a very warm memory of one who gave them so much innocent pleasure4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,undine ,,by ,,heywood ,,sumner 7,,chapman ,,and ,,hall7 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,red ,,fairy ,,book ,,by ,l4 ,,speed 7,,longmans1 ,,green ,,and ,,co4 #ahie7 ,sir ,john ,tenniel's illustrations1 beginning as they do with ,undine 7#ahde71 already mentioned1 include others in volumes for young people that need not be quoted4 ,but with his designs for ,alice in ,wonderland 7,macmillan1 #ahff71 and ,through the ,looking ,glass 7#ahgb71 we touch the two most notable children's books of the century4 ,to say less would be inadequate and to say more needless4 ,for every one knows the incomparable inventions which ,lewis ,carroll imagined and ,sir ,john ,tenniel depicted4 ,they are veritable classics1 of which1 as it is too late to praise them1 no more need be said4 ,certain coloured picture books by ,j4 ,e4 ,rogers were greeted with extravagant eulogy at the time they appeared in the seventies4 ,worthy to be hung at the ,academy beside the best pictures of ,millais or ,sandys1 one fatuous critic observed4 ,looking over their pages again1 it seems strange that their very weak drawing and crude colour could have satisfied people familiar with ,mr4 ,walter ,crane's masterly work in a not dissimiliar style4 ,ridicula ,rediviva and ,mores ,ridiculi 7both ,macmillan71 were illustrations of nursery rhymes4 ,to ,the ,fairy ,book 7#ahgj71 a selection of old stories re-told by the author of ,john ,halifax1 ,mr4 ,rogers contributed many full pages in colour1 and also to ,mr4 ,f4 ,c4 ,burnand's ,present ,pastimes of ,merrie ,england 7#ahgb74 ,they are interesting as documents1 but not as art2 for their lack of academic knowledge is not counterbalanced by peculiar feeling or ingenious conceit4 ,they are merely attempts to do again what ,mr4 ,h4 ,s4 ,marks had done better previously4 ,it seems ungrateful to condemn books that but for renewed acquaintance might have kept the glamour of the past2 and yet1 realising how much feeble effort has been praised since it was only for children1 it is impossible to keep silence when the truth is so evident4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,katawampus ,,by ,,archie ,,macgregor 7,,david ,,nutt7 ,alfred ,crowquill most probably contributed all the pictures to ,robinson ,crusoe1 ,blue ,beard1 and ,red ,riding ,hood told in rhyme by ,f4 ,w4 ,n4 ,bayley1 which have been noticed among his books of the forties4 ,one of the full pages1 which appear to be lithographs1 is clearly signed4 ,he also illustrated the adventures of ,master ,tyll ,owlglass1 an edition of ,baron ,munchausen1 ,picture ,fables1 ,the ,careless ,chicken1 ,funny ,leaves for the ,younger ,branches1 ,laugh and ,grow ,thin1 and a host of other volumes4 ,yet the pictures in these1 amusing as they are in their way1 do not seem likely to attract an audience again at any future time4 ,e4 ,v4 ,b41 initials which stand for the ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,boyle1 are found on many volumes of the past twenty-five years which have enjoyed a special reputation4 ,certainly her drawings1 if at times showing much of the amateur1 have also a curious quality1 which accounts for the very high praise they have won from critics of some standing4 ,the ,story without an ,end1 ,child's ,play 7#aheh71 ,the ,new ,child's ,play1 ,the ,magic ,valley1 ,andersen ,fairy ,tales 7,low1 #ahhb71 ,beauty and the ,beast 7a quarto with colour-prints by ,leighton ,bros471 are the most important4 ,looking at them dispassionately now1 there is yet a trace of some of the charm that provoked applause a little more than they deserve4 ,in ,british art this curious fascination exerted by the amateur is always confronting us4 ,the work of ,e4 ,v4 ,b4 has great qualities1 yet any pupil of a board school would draw better4 ,nevertheless it pleases more than academic technique of high merit that lacks just that one quality which1 for want of a better word1 we call culture4 ,in the designs by ,louisa1 ,marchioness of ,waterford1 one encounters genius with absolutely faltering technique2 and many who know how rare is the slightest touch of genius1 forgive the equally important mastery of material which must accompany it to produce work of lasting value4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,sleeping ,,beauty4 ,,by ,r4 ,,anning ,,bell 7,,dent ,,and ,,co47 ,mr4 ,h4 ,s4 ,marks designed two nursery books for ,messrs4 ,routledge1 and contributed to many others1 including ,j4 ,w4 ,elliott's ,national ,nursery ,rhymes 7,novello71 whence our illustration has been taken4 ,two series of picture books containing mediaeval figures with gold background1 by ,j4 ,moyr ,smith1 if somewhat lacking in the qualities which appeal to children1 may have played a good part in educating them to admire conventional flat treatment1 with a decorative purpose that was unusual in the seventies1 when most of them appeared4 ,in later years1 ,miss ,alice ,havers in ,the ,white ,swans1 and ,cape ,town ,dicky 7,hildesheimer71 and many lady artists of less conspicuous ability1 have done a quantity of graceful and elaborate pictures of children rather than for children4 ,the art of this later period shows better drawing1 better colour1 better composition than had been the popular average before2 but it generally lacks humour1 and a certain vivacity of expression which children appreciate4 ,in the sixties and seventies were many illustrators of children's books who left no great mark except on the memories of those who were young enough at the time to enjoy their work thoroughly1 if not very critically4 ,among these may be placed ,william ,brunton1 who illustrated several of the ,right ,hon4 ,g4 ,knatchbull-,hugessen's fairy stories1 ,tales at ,tea ,time for instance1 and was frequent among the illustrators of ,hood's ,annuals4 ,charles ,h4 ,ross 7at one time editor of ,judy7 and creator of ,ally ,sloper1 the ,british ,punchinello1 produced at least one memorable book for children4 ,queens and ,kings and other ,things1 a folio volume printed in gold and colour1 with nonsense rhymes and pictures1 almost as funny as those of ,edward ,lear himself4 ,the ,boy ,crusoe1 and many other books of somewhat ephemeral character are his1 and ,routledge's ,every ,boy's ,magazine contains many of his designs4 ,just as these pages are being corrected the news of his death is announced4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,fairy ,,gifts4 ,,by ,h4 ,,granville ,,fell 7,,dent ,,and ,,co47 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,a ,,book ,,of ,,nursery ,,songs ,,and ,,rhymes ,,by ,,mary ,j4 ,,newill 7,,methuen ,,and ,,co4 #ahie7 ,others1 like ,george ,du ,maurier1 so rarely touched the subject that they can hardly be regarded as wholly belonging to our theme4 ,yet ,misunderstood1 by ,florence ,montgomery 7#ahgi71 illustrated by ,du ,maurier1 is too popular to leave unnoticed4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,bayes1 who has deservedly won fame in other fields1 illustrated ,andersen's ,tales 7,warne1 #ahfe71 probably his earliest work1 as a contemporary review speaks of the admirable designs by an artist whose name is new to us4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,elf-,,errant ,,by ,w4 ,e4 ,f4 ,,britten 7,,lawrence ,,and ,,bullen4 #ahie7 ,it is a matter for surprise and regret that ,mr4 ,howard ,pyle's illustrated books are not as well known in ,england as they deserve to be4 ,and this is the more vexing when you find that any one with artistic sympathy is completely converted to be a staunch admirer of ,mr4 ,pyle's work by a sight of ,the ,wonder ,clock1 a portly quarto1 published by ,harper ,brothers in #ahid4 ,it seems to be the only book conceived in purely ,duereresque line1 which can be placed in rivalry with ,mr4 ,walter ,crane's illustrated ,grimm1 and wise people will be only too delighted to admire both without attempting to compare them4 ,mr4 ,pyle is evidently influenced by ,duerer--with a strong trace of ,rossetti--but he carries both influences easily1 and betrays a strong personality throughout all the designs4 ,the ,merry ,adventures of ,robin ,hood and ,otto of the ,silver ,hand are two others of about the same period1 and the delightful volume collected from ,harper's ,young ,people for the most part1 entitled ,pepper and ,salt1 may be placed with them4 ,all the illustrations to these are in pure line1 and have the appearance of being drawn not greatly in excess of the reproduced size4 ,of all these books ,mr4 ,howard ,pyle is author as well as illustrator4 ,of late he has changed his manner in line1 showing at times1 especially in ,twilight ,land 7,osgood1 ,mc,ilvaine1 #ahif71 the influence of ,vierge1 but even in that book the frontispiece and many other designs keep to his earlier manner4 ,in ,the ,garden behind the ,moon 7issued in ,london by ,messrs4 ,lawrence and ,bullen7 the chief drawings are entirely in wash1 and yet are singularly decorative in their effect4 ,the ,story of ,jack ,bannister's ,fortunes shows the artist's colonial style1 ,men of ,iron1 ,a ,modern ,aladdin1 ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes' ,one-,horse ,shay1 are other fairly recent volumes4 ,his illustrations have not been confined to his own stories as ,in the ,valley1 by ,harold ,frederic1 ,stops of ,various ,quills 7poems by ,w4 ,d4 ,howells71 go to prove4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,sinbad ,,the ,,sailor ,,by ,,william ,,strang 7,,lawrence ,,and ,,bullen4 #ahif7 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,ali ,,baba ,,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,clark 7,,lawrence ,,and ,,bullen4 #ahif7 ,it is strange that ,mr4 ,heywood ,sumner1 who1 as his notable ,fitzroy ,pictures would alone suffice to prove1 is peculiarly well equipped for the illustration of children's books1 has done but few1 and of these none are in colour4 ,cinderella 7#ahhb71 rhymes by ,h4 ,s4 ,leigh1 set to music by ,j4 ,farmer1 contains very pleasant decoration by ,mr4 ,sumner4 ,next comes ,sintram 7#ahhc71 a notable edition of ,de la ,motte ,fouque's romance1 followed by ,undine 7in #ahhe74 ,with a book on the ,parables1 by ,a4,l4,o4,e41 published about #ahhd2 ,the ,besom ,maker 7#ahhj71 a volume of country ditties with the old music1 and ,jacob and the ,raven1 with thirty-nine illustrations 7,allen1 #ahif71 the best example of his later manner1 and a book which all admirers of the more severe order of decorative illustration will do well to preserve1 the list is complete4 ,whether a certain austerity of line has made publishers timid1 or whether the artist has declined commissions1 the fact remains that the literature of the nursery has not yet had its full share from ,mr4 ,heywood ,sumner4 ,luckily1 if its shelves are the less full1 its walls are gayer by the many ,fitzroy pictures he has made so effectively1 which readers of ,,the ,,studio have seen reproduced from time to time in these pages4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,ford's work occupies so much space in the library of a modern child1 that it seems less necessary to discuss it at length here1 for he is found either alone or co-operating with ,mr4 ,jacomb ,hood and ,mr4 ,lancelot ,speed1 in each of the nine volumes of fairy tales and true stories 7,blue1 ,red1 ,green1 ,yellow1 ,pink1 and the rest71 edited by ,mr4 ,andrew ,lang1 and published by ,longmans4 ,more than that1 at the ,fine ,art ,society in ,may #ahie1 ,mr4 ,ford exhibited seventy-one original drawings1 chiefly those for the ,yellow ,fairy ,book1 so that his work is not only familiar to the inmates of the nursery1 but to modern critics who disdain mere printed pictures and care for nothing but autograph work4 ,certainly his designs have often lost much by their great reduction1 for many of the originals were almost as large as four of these pages4 ,his work is full of imagination1 full of detail2 perhaps at times a little overcrowded1 to the extent of confusion4 ,but children are not averse from a picture that requires much careful inspection to reveal all its story2 and ,mr4 ,ford's accessories all help to reiterate the main theme4 ,as these eight volumes have an average of #ajj pictures in each1 and ,mr4 ,ford has designed the majority1 it is evident that1 although his work is almost entirely confined to one series1 it takes a very prominent place in current juvenile literature4 ,that he must by this time have established his position as a prime favourite with the small people goes without saying4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,flame ,,flower4 ,,by ,j4 ,f4 ,,sullivan 7,,dent ,,and ,,co4 #ahif7 ,mr4 ,leslie ,brooke has also a long catalogue of notable work in this class4 ,for since ,mr4 ,walter ,crane ceased to illustrate the long series of ,mrs4 ,molesworth's stories1 he has carried on the record4 ,sheila's ,mystery1 ,the ,carved ,lions1 ,mary1 ,my ,new ,home1 ,nurse ,heathcote's ,story1 ,the ,girls and ,i1 ,the ,oriel ,window1 and ,miss ,mouse and her ,boys 7all ,macmillan71 are the titles of these books to which he has contributed4 ,a very charming frontispiece and title to ,john ,oliver ,hobbs' ,prince ,toto1 which appeared in ,the ,parade1 must not be forgotten4 ,the most fanciful of his designs are undoubtedly the hundred illustrations to ,mr4 ,andrew ,lang's delightful collection of ,nursery ,rhymes1 just published by ,f4 ,warne ,co4 ,these reveal a store of humour that the less boisterous fun of ,mrs4 ,molesworth had denied him the opportunity of expressing4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,brock1 whose delightful compositions1 somewhat in the ,hugh ,thomson manner1 embellish several volumes of ,messrs4 ,macmillan's ,cranford series1 has illustrated also ,the ,parachute1 and ,english ,fairy and ,folk ,tales1 by ,e4 ,s4 ,hartland 7#ahic71 and also supplied two pictures to that most fascinating volume prized by all lovers of children1 ,w4 ,v41 ,her ,book1 by ,w4 ,canton4 ,perhaps ,westward ,ho6 should also be included in this list1 for whatever its first intentions1 it has long been annexed by bolder spirits in the nursery4 ,a4 ,b4 ,frost1 by his cosmopolitan fun1 understanded of all people1 has probably aroused more hearty laughs by his inimitable books than even ,caldecott himself4 ,stuff and ,nonsense1 and ,the ,bull ,calf1 ,t4 ,b4 ,aldrich's ,story of a ,bad ,boy1 and many another volume of ,american origin1 that is now familiar to every ,briton with a sense of humour1 are the most widely known4 ,it is needless to praise the literally inimitable humour of the tragic series ,our ,cat took ,rat ,poison4 ,in ,lewis ,carroll's ,rhyme8 and ,reason8 7#ahhc71 ,mr4 ,frost shared with ,henry ,holiday the task of illustrating a larger edition of the book first published under the title of ,phantasmagoria 7#ahfi72 he illustrated also ,a ,tangled ,tale 7#ahhf71 by the same author1 and this is perhaps the only volume of ,british origin of which he is sole artist4 ,mr4 ,henry ,holiday was responsible for the classic pictures to ,the ,hunting of the ,snark by ,lewis ,carroll 7#ahgf74 ,mr4 ,r4 ,anning ,bell does not appear to have illustrated many books for children4 ,of these1 the two which introduced ,mr4 ,dent's ,banbury ,cross series are no doubt the best known4 ,in fact1 to describe ,jack the ,giant ,killer and the ,sleeping ,beauty in these pages would be an insult to subscribers from the first4 ,a story1 ,white ,poppies1 by ,may ,kendall1 which ran through ,sylvia's ,journal1 is a little too grown-up to be included2 nor can the ,heroines of the ,poets1 which appeared in the same place1 be dragged in to augment the scanty list1 any more than the ,midsummer ,night's ,dream or ,keats's ,poems4 ,it is singular that the fancy of ,mr4 ,anning ,bell1 which seems exactly calculated to attract a child and its parent at the same time1 has not been more frequently requisitioned for this purpose4 ,in the two ,banbury ,cross volumes there is evidence of real sympathy with the text1 which is by no means as usual in pictures to fairy tales as it should be2 and a delightfully harmonious sense of decoration rare in any book1 and still more rare in those expressly designed for small people4 ,illustration3 ,for them ,i'd climb1 'most all the ,time ,and never tear no ,clothes6 ,,illustration ,,from ,,red ,,apple ,,and ,,silver ,,bells4 ,,by ,,alice ,b4 ,,woodward4 7,,blackie ,,and ,,son4 #ahig7 ,the amazing number of ,mr4 ,gordon ,browne's illustrations leaves a would-be iconographer appalled4 ,so many thousand designs--and all so good--deserve a lengthened and exhaustive eulogy4 ,but space absolutely forbids it1 and as a large number cater for older children than most of the books here noticed1 on that ground one may be forgiven the inadequate notice4 ,if an illustrator deserved to attract the attention of collectors it is surely this one1 and so fertile has he been that a complete set of all his work would take no little time to get together4 ,here are the titles of a few jotted at random3 ,bonnie ,prince ,charlie1 ,for ,freedom's ,cause1 ,st4 ,george for ,england1 ,orange and ,green1 ,with ,clive in ,india1 ,with ,wolfe in ,canada1 ,true to the ,old ,flag1 ,by ,sheer ,pluck1 ,held ,fast for ,england1 ,for ,name and ,fame1 ,with ,lee in ,virginia1 ,facing ,death1 ,devon ,boys1 ,nat the ,naturalist1 ,bunyip ,land1 ,the ,lion of ,st4 ,mark1 ,under ,drake's ,flag1 ,the ,golden ,magnet1 ,the ,log of the ,flying ,fish1 ,in the ,king's ,name1 ,margery ,merton's ,girlhood1 ,down the ,snow ,stairs1 ,stories of ,old ,renown1 ,seven ,wise ,scholars1 ,chirp and ,chatter1 ,gulliver's ,travels1 ,robinson ,crusoe1 ,hetty ,gray1 ,a ,golden ,age1 ,muir ,fenwick's ,failure1 ,winnie's ,secret 7all so far are published by ,blackie and ,son74 ,national ,nursery ,rhymes1 ,fairy ,tales from ,grimm1 ,sintram1 and ,undine1 ,sweetheart ,travellers1 ,five1 ,ten and ,fifteen1 ,gilly ,flower1 ,prince ,boohoo1 ,a ,sister's ,bye-hours1 ,jim1 and ,a ,flock of ,four1 are all published by ,gardner1 ,darton ,co41 and ,effie1 by ,griffith ,farran4 ,when one realises that not a few of these books contain a hundred illustrations1 and that the list is almost entirely from two publishers' catalogues1 some idea of the fecundity of ,mr4 ,gordon ,browne's output is gained4 ,but only a vague idea1 as his ,shakespeare1 with hundreds of drawings and a whole host of other books1 cannot be even mentioned4 ,it is sufficient to name but one--say the example from ,robinson ,crusoe 7,blackie71 reproduced on page #cb--to realise ,mr4 ,gordon ,browne's vivid and picturesque interpretation of fact1 or ,down the ,snow ,stairs 7,blackie71 also illustrated1 with a grotesque owl-like creature1 to find that in pure fantasy his exuberant imagination is no less equal to the task4 ,in ,chirp and ,chatter 7,blackie71 fifty-four illustrations of animals masquerading as human show delicious humour4 ,at times his technique appears somewhat hasty1 but1 as a rule1 the method he adopts is as good as the composition he depicts4 ,he is in his own way the leader of juvenile illustration of the non-,duerer school4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,katawampus4 ,,by ,,archie ,,macgregor4 7,,david ,,nutt7 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,to ,,tell ,,the ,,king ,,the ,,sky ,,is ,,falling4 ,,by ,,alice ,,woodward 7,,blackie ,,and ,,son4 #ahif7 ,mr4 ,harry ,furniss's coloured toy-books--,romps--are too well known to need description1 and many another juvenile volume owes its attraction to his facile pencil4 ,of these1 the two later ,lewis ,caroll's--,sylvia and ,bruno1 and ,sylvia and ,bruno1 ,concluded1 are perhaps most important4 ,as a curious narrative1 ,travels in the ,interior 7of a human body7 must not be forgotten4 ,it certainly called forth much ingenuity on the part of the artist4 ,in ,romps1 and in all his work for children1 there is an irrepressible sense of movement and of exuberant vitality in his figures2 but1 all the same1 they are more like ,fred ,walker's idyllic youngsters having romps than like real everyday children4 ,mr4 ,linley ,sambourne's most ingenious pen has been all too seldom employed on children's books4 ,indeed1 one that comes first to memory1 the ,new ,sandford and ,merton 7#ahgb71 is hardly entitled to be classed among them1 but the travesty of the somewhat pedantic narrative1 interspersed with fairly amusing anecdotes1 that ,thomas ,day published in #aghc1 is superb4 ,no matter how familiar it may be1 it is simply impossible to avoid laughing anew at the smug little ,harry1 the sanctimonious tutor1 or the naughty ,tommy1 as ,mr4 ,sambourne has realised them4 ,the ,anecdotes of the ,crocodile and ,the ,presumptuous ,dentist are no less good4 ,the way he has turned a prosaic hat-rack into an instrument of torture would alone mark ,mr4 ,sambourne as a comic draughtsman of the highest type4 ,nothing he has done in political cartoons seems so likely to live as these burlesques4 ,a little known book1 ,the ,royal ,umbrella 7#ahhh71 which contains the delightful ,cat ,gardeners here reproduced1 and the very well-known edition of ,charles ,kingsley's ,water ,babies 7#ahhf71 are two other volumes which well display his moods of less unrestrained humour4 ,the ,real ,robinson ,crusoe 7#ahic7 and ,lord ,brabourne's 7,knatchbull-,hugessen's7 ,friends and ,foes of ,fairyland 7#ahhf71 well-nigh exhaust the list of his efforts in this direction4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,russian ,,fairy ,,tales ,,by ,c4 ,m4 ,,gere 7,,lawrence ,,and ,,bullen4 #ahic7 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,singing ,,lesson ,no4 #a4 ,,from ,,the ,,original ,,drawing ,,by ,a4 ,,nobody ,prince of all foreign illustrators for babyland is ,m4 ,boutet de ,monvel1 whose works deserve an exhaustive monograph4 ,although comparatively few of his books are really well known in ,england1 ,little ,folks contains a goodly number of his designs4 ,la ,fontaine's ,fables 7an ,english edition of which is published by the ,society for ,promoting ,christian ,knowledge7 is 7so far as ,i have discovered7 the only important volume reprinted with ,english text4 ,possibly his ,jeanne d',arc ought not to be named among children's books1 yet the exquisite drawing of its children and the unique splendour the artist has imparted to simple colour-printing1 endear it to little ones no less than adults4 ,but it would be absurd to suppose that readers of ,,the ,,studio do not know this masterpiece of its class1 a book no artistic household can possibly afford to be without4 ,earlier books by ,m4 de ,monvel1 which show him in his most engaging mood 7the mood in the illustration from ,little ,folks here reproduced71 are ,vieilles ,chansons et ,rondes1 by ,ch4 ,m4 ,widor1 ,la ,civilite ,puerile et ,honnete1 and ,chansons de ,france pour les ,petits ,francais4 ,despite their entirely different characterisation of the child1 and a much stronger grasp of the principles of decorative composition1 these delightful designs are more nearly akin to those of ,miss ,kate ,greenaway than are any others published in ,europe or ,america4 ,yet ,m4 de ,monvel is not only absolutely ,french in his types and costumes but in the movement and expression of his serious little people1 who play with a certain demure gaiety that those who have watched ,french children in the ,gardens of the ,luxembourg or ,tuileries1 or a ,french seaside resort1 know to be absolutely truthful4 ,for the ,gallic bebe certainly seems less rampageous than the ,english urchin4 ,a certain daintiness of movement and timidity in the boys especially adds a grace of its own to the games of ,french children which is not without its peculiar charm4 ,this is singularly well caught in ,m4 de ,monvel's delicious drawings1 where naively symmetrical arrangement and a most admirable simplicity of colour are combined4 ,indeed1 of all non-,english artists who address the little people1 he alone has the inmost secret of combining realistic drawing with sumptuous effects in conventional decoration4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,singing ,,lesson--,no4 #b4 ,,from ,,the ,,original ,,drawing ,,by ,a4 ,,nobody ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,adventures ,,in ,,toy ,,land ,,by ,,alice ,b4 ,,woodward 7,,blackie ,,and ,,son4 #ahig7 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,prince ,,boohoo ,,by ,,gordon ,,browne 7,,gardner1 ,,darton ,,and ,,co4 #ahig7 ,the work of the ,danish illustrator1 ,lorenz ,froelich1 is almost as familiar in ,english as in ,continental nurseries1 yet his name is often absent from the title-pages of books containing his drawings4 ,perhaps those attributed to him formally that are most likely to be known by ,british readers are in ,when ,i was a ,little ,girl and ,nine ,years ,old 7,macmillan71 but1 unless memory is treacherous1 one remembers toy-books in colours 7published by ,messrs4 ,nelson and others71 that were obviously from his designs4 ,a little known ,french book1 ,le ,royaume des ,gourmands1 exhibits the artist in a more fanciful aspect1 where he makes a far better show than in some of his ultra-pretty realistic studies4 ,other ,french volumes1 ,histoire d'un ,bouchee de ,pain1 ,lili a la ,campagne1 ,la ,journee de ,mademoiselle ,lili1 and the ,alphabet de ,mademoiselle ,lili1 may possibly be the original sources whence the blocks were borrowed and adapted to ,english text4 ,but the veteran illustrator has done far too large a number of designs to be catalogued here4 ,for grace and truth1 and at times real mastery of his material1 no notice of children's artists could abstain from placing him very high in their ranks4 ,oscar ,pletsch is another artist--presumably a ,german--whose work has been widely republished in ,england4 ,in many respects it resembles that of ,froelich1 and is almost entirely devoted to the daily life of the inmates of the nursery1 with their tiny festivals and brief tragedies4 ,it would seem to appeal more to children than their elders1 because the realistic transcript of their doings by his hand often lacks the touch of pathos1 or of grown-up humour that finds favour with adults4 ,the mass of children's toy-books published by ,messrs4 ,dean1 ,darton1 ,routledge1 ,warne1 ,marcus ,ward1 ,isbister1 ,hildesheimer and many others cannot be considered exhaustively1 if only from the fact that the names of the designers are frequently omitted4 ,probably ,messrs4 ,kronheim ,co41 and other colour-printers1 often supplied pictures designed by their own staff4 ,mr4 ,edmund ,evans1 to whom is due a very large share of the success of the ,crane1 ,caldecott1 and ,kate ,greenaway 7,routledge7 books1 more frequently reproduced the work of artists whose names were considered sufficiently important to be given upon the books themselves4 ,a few others of ,routledge's toy-books besides those mentioned are worth naming4 ,mr4 ,h4,s4 ,marks1 ,r4,a41 designed two early numbers of their shilling series3 ,nursery ,rhymes and ,nursery ,songs2 and to ,j4 ,d4 ,watson may be attributed the ,cinderella in the same series4 ,other sixpenny and shilling illustrated books were by ,c4 ,h4 ,bennett1 ,c4 ,w4 ,cope1 ,a4 ,w4 ,bayes1 ,julian ,portch1 ,warwick ,reynolds1 ,f4 ,keyl1 and ,harrison ,weir4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,nonsense ,,by ,a4 ,,nobody 7,,gardner1 ,,darton ,,and ,,co47 ,the ,greedy ,jim1 by ,bennett1 is only second to ,struwwlpeter itself1 in its lasting power to delight little ones4 ,if out of print it deserves to be revived4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration 7,,reduced7 ,,from ,,the ,,child',s ,,pictorial4 ,,by ,,mrs4 ,r4 ,,hallward 7,s4,p4,c4,k47 ,although ,mr4 ,william de ,morgan appears to have illustrated but a single volume1 ,on a ,pincushion1 by ,mary de ,morgan 7,seeley1 #ahgg71 yet that is so interesting that it must be noticed4 ,its interest is double--first in the very decorative quality of its pictures1 which are full of colour and look like woodcuts more than process blocks2 and next in the process itself1 which was the artist's own invention4 ,so far as ,i gather from ,mr4 de ,morgan's own explanation1 the drawings were made on glass coated with some yielding substance1 through which a knife or graver cut the line4 ,then an electro was taken4 ,this process1 it is clear1 is almost exactly parallel with that of wood-cutting--i4e41 the whites are taken out1 and the sweep of the tool can be guided by the worker in an absolutely untrammelled way4 ,those who love the qualities of a woodcut1 and have not time to master the technique of wood-cutting or engraving1 might do worse than experiment with ,mr4 de ,morgan's process4 ,a quantity of proofs of designs he executed--but never published--show that it has many possibilities worth developing4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,a1 ,b1 ,c ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,gaskin 7,,elkin ,,mathews7 ,the work of ,reginald ,hallward deserves to be discussed at greater length than is possible here4 ,his most important book 7printed finely in gold and colours by ,edmund ,evans71 is ,flowers of ,paradise1 issued by ,macmillan some years ago4 ,the drawings for this beautiful quarto were shown at one of the early ,arts and ,crafts ,exhibitions4 ,some designs1 purely decorative1 are interspersed among the figure subjects4 ,quick ,march1 a toy-book 7,warne71 is also full of the peculiar quality which distinguishes ,mr4 ,hallward's work1 and is less austere than certain later examples4 ,the very notable magazine1 ,the ,child's ,pictorial1 illustrated almost entirely in colours1 which the ,society for ,promoting ,christian ,knowledge published for ten years1 contains work by this artist1 and a great many illustrations by ,mrs4 ,hallward1 which alone would serve to impart value to a publication that has 7as we have pointed out elsewhere7 very many early examples by ,charles ,robinson1 and capital work by ,w4 ,j4 ,morgan4 ,mrs4 ,hallward's work is marked by strong ,pre-,raphaelite feeling1 although she does not1 as a rule1 select old-world themes1 but depicts children of to-day4 ,both ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,hallward eschew the pretty-pretty type1 and are bent on producing really decorative pages4 ,so that to-day1 when the ideal they so long championed has become popular1 it is strange to find that their work is not better known4 ,illustration3 ,,king ,,love4 ,a ,,christmas ,,greeting4 ,,by ,h4 ,,granville ,,fell ,the books illustrated by past or present students of the ,birmingham ,school will be best noticed in a group1 as1 notwithstanding some distinct individuality shown by many of the artists1 especially in their later works1 the idea that links the group together is sufficiently similar to impart to all a certain resemblance4 ,in other words1 you can nearly always pick out a ,birmingham illustration at a glance1 even if it would be impossible to confuse the work of ,mr4 ,gaskin with that of ,miss ,levetus4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,bluebeard ,,by ,e4 ,,southall 7,,lawrence ,,and ,,bullen4 #ahie7 ,arthur ,gaskin's illustrations to ,andersen's ,stories and ,fairy ,tales 7,george ,allen7 are beyond doubt the most important volumes in any way connected with the school4 ,mr4 ,william ,morris ranked them so highly that ,mr4 ,gaskin was commissioned to design illustrations for some of the ,kelmscott ,press books1 and ,mr4 ,walter ,crane has borne public witness to their excellence4 ,this alone is sufficient to prove that they rise far above the average level4 ,good ,king ,wenceslas 7,cornish ,bros47 is another of ,mr4 ,gaskin's books--his best in many ways4 ,he it is also who illustrated and decorated ,mr4 ,baring-,gould's ,a ,book of ,fairy ,tales 7,methuen74 ,mrs4 ,gaskin 7,georgie ,cave ,france7 is also familiar to readers of ,,the ,,studio4 ,perhaps her ,a1 ,b1 ,c4 7published by ,elkin ,mathews71 and ,horn ,book ,jingles 7,the ,leadenhall ,press71 a unique book in shape and style1 contain the best of her work so far4 ,miss ,levetus has contributed many illustrations to books4 ,among the best are ,turkish ,fairy ,tales 7,lawrence and ,bullen71 and ,verse ,fancies 7,chapman and ,hall74 ,russian ,fairy ,tales 7,lawrence and ,bullen7 is distinguished by the designs of ,c4 ,m4 ,gere1 who has done comparatively little illustration2 hence the book has more than usual interest1 and takes a far higher artistic rank than its title might lead one to expect4 ,miss ,bradley has illustrated one of ,messrs4 ,blackie's happiest volumes this year4 ,just ,forty ,winks 7from which one picture is reproduced here71 shows that the artist has steered clear of the ,alice in ,wonderland model1 which the author can hardly be said to have avoided4 ,miss ,bradley has also illustrated the prettily decorated book of poems1 ,songs for ,somebody1 by ,dollie ,radford 7,nutt74 ,the two series of ,children's ,singing ,games 7,nutt7 are among the most pleasant volumes the ,birmingham school has produced4 ,both are decorated by ,winifred ,smith1 who shows considerable humour as well as ingenuity4 ,among volumes illustrated1 each by the members of the ,birmingham school1 are ,a ,book of ,pictured ,carols 7,george ,allen71 and ,mr4 ,baring-,gould's ,nursery ,rhymes 7,methuen74 ,both these volumes contain some of the most representative work of ,birmingham1 and the latter1 with its rich borders and many pictures1 is a book that consistently maintains a very fine ideal1 rare at any time1 and perhaps never before applied to a book for the nursery4 ,indeed were it needful to choose a single book to represent the school1 this one would stand the test of selection4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,nursery ,,rhymes ,,by ,,paul ,,woodroffe 7,,george ,,allen4 #ahig7 ,in ,messrs4 ,dent's ,banbury ,cross series1 the ,misses ,violet and ,evelyn ,holden illustrated ,the ,house that ,jack ,built2 ,sidney ,heath was responsible for ,aladdin1 and ,mrs4 ,h4 ,t4 ,adams decorated ,tom ,thumb1 c4 ,mr4 ,laurence ,housman is more than an illustrator of fairy tales2 he is himself a rare creator of such fancies1 and has1 moreover1 an almost unique power of conveying his ideas in the medium4 ,his ,farm in ,fairyland and ,a ,house of ,joy 7both published by ,kegan ,paul and ,co47 have often been referred to in ,,the ,,studio4 ,yet1 at the risk of reiterating what nobody of taste doubts1 one must place his work in this direction head and shoulders above the crowd--even the crowd of excellent illustrators--because its amazing fantasy and caprice are supported by cunning technique that makes the whole work a picture1 not merely a decoration or an interpretation of the text4 ,as a spinner of entirely bewitching stories1 that hold a child spell-bound1 and can be read and re-read by adults1 he is a near rival of ,andersen himself4 ,h4 ,granville ,fell1 better known perhaps from his decorations to ,the ,book of ,job1 and certain decorated pages in the ,english ,illustrated ,magazine1 illustrated three of ,messrs4 ,dent's ,banbury ,cross series--,cinderella1 c41 ,ali ,baba1 and ,tom ,hickathrift4 ,his work in these is full of pleasant fancy and charming types4 ,a very sumptuous setting of the old fairy tale1 ,beauty and the ,beast1 in this case entitled ,zelinda and the ,monster 7,dent1 #ahie71 with ten photogravures after paintings by the ,countess of ,lovelace1 must not be forgotten1 as its text may bring it into our present category4 ,miss ,rosie ,pitman1 in ,maurice and the ,red ,jar 7,macmillan71 shows much elaborate effort and a distinct fantasy in design4 ,undine 7,macmillan1 #ahig7 is a still more successful achievement4 ,richard ,heighway is one of the ,banbury ,cross illustrators in ,blue ,beard1 c4 7,dent71 and has also pictured ,a,esop's ,fables1 with #cjj designs 7in ,macmillan's ,cranford series74 ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,sullivan--who must not be confused with his namesake--is one who has rarely illustrated works for little children1 but in the famous ,british ,workman series in ,fun1 in dozens of ,tom ,hood's ,comic ,annuals1 and elsewhere1 has provoked as many hearty laughs from the nursery as from the drawing-room4 ,in ,the ,flame ,flower 7,dent7 we find a side-splitting volume1 illustrated with #ajj drawings by the author4 ,for this only ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,sullivan has plunged readers deep in debt1 and when one recalls the amazing number of his delicious absurdities in the periodical literature of at least twenty years past1 it seems astounding to find that the name of so entirely well-equipped a draughtsman is yet not the household word it should be4 ,e4 ,j4 ,sullivan1 with eighty illustrations to the ,cranford edition of ,tom ,brown's ,schooldays1 comes for once within our present limit4 ,j4 ,d4 ,batten is responsible for the illustration of so many important collections of fairy tales that it is vexing not to be able to reproduce a selection of his drawings1 to show the fertility of his invention and his consistent improvement in technique4 ,the series1 ,fairy ,tales of the ,british ,empire1 collected and edited by ,mr4 ,jacobs1 already include five volumes--,english1 ,more ,english1 ,celtic1 ,more ,celtic1 and ,indian1 all liberally illustrated by ,j4 ,d4 ,batten1 as are ,the ,book of ,wonder ,voyages1 by ,j4 ,jacobs 7,nutt71 and ,fairy ,tales from the ,arabian ,nights1 edited by ,e4 ,dixon1 and a second series1 both published by ,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,dent and ,co4 ,a ,masque of ,dead ,florentines 7,dent7 can hardly be brought into our subject4 ,louis ,davis has illustrated far too few children's books4 ,his ,fitzroy pictures show how delightfully he can appeal to little people1 and in ,good ,night ,verses1 by ,dollie ,radford 7,nutt71 we have forty pages of his designs that are peculiarly dainty in their quality1 and tender in their poetic interpretation of child-life4 ,wymps 7,lane1 #ahif71 with illustrations by ,mrs4 ,percy ,dearmer1 has a quaint straightforwardness1 of a sort that exactly wins a critic of the nursery4 ,j4 ,c4 ,sowerby1 a designer for stained glass1 in ,afternoon ,tea 7,warne1 #ahhj71 set a new fashion for aesthetic little quartos costing five or six shillings each4 ,this was followed by ,at ,home 7#ahha71 and ,at ,home ,again 7#ahhf1 ,marcus ,ward71 and later by ,young ,maids and ,old ,china4 ,these1 despite their popularity1 display no particular invention4 ,for the real fancy and conceit of the books you have to turn to their decorative borders by ,thomas ,crane4 ,this artist1 collaborating with ,ellen ,houghton1 contributed two other volumes to the same series1 ,abroad 7#ahhb71 and ,london ,town 7#ahhc71 both prime favourites of their day4 ,lizzie ,lawson1 in many contributions for ,little ,folks and a volume in colours1 ,old ,proverbs 7,cassell71 displayed much grace in depicting children's themes4 ,nor among coloured books of the eighties must we overlook ,under the ,mistletoe 7,griffith and ,farran1 #ahhf71 and ,when all is ,young 7,christmas ,roses1 #ahhf72 ,punch and ,judy1 by ,f4 ,e4 ,weatherley1 illustrated by ,patty ,townsend 7#ahhe72 ,the ,parables of ,our ,lord1 really dignified pictures compared with most of their class1 by ,w4 ,morgan2 ,puss in ,boots1 illustrated by ,s4 ,caldwell2 ,pets and ,playmates 7#ahhh72 ,three ,fairy ,princesses1 illustrated by ,paterson 7#ahhe72 ,picture ,books of the ,fables of ,a,esop1 another series of quaintly designed picture books1 modelled on ,struwwlpeter2 ,the ,robbers' ,cave1 illustrated by ,a4 ,m4 ,lockyer1 and ,nursery ,numbers 7#ahhd71 illustrated by an amateur named ,bell1 all these being published by ,messrs4 ,marcus ,ward and ,co41 who issued later1 ,where ,lilies ,grow1 a very popular volume1 illustrated in the over-pretty style by ,mrs4 ,stanley ,berkeley4 ,the attractive series of toy-books in colours1 published in the form of a ,japanese folding album1 were probably designed by ,percy ,macquoid1 and published by the same firm1 who issued an oblong folio1 ,herrick's ,content1 very pleasantly decorated by ,mrs4 ,houghton4 ,r4 ,andre was 7and for all ,i know is still7 a very prolific illustrator of children's coloured books4 ,the ,cruise of the ,walnut ,shell 7,dean1 #ahha72 ,a ,week ,spent in a ,glass ,pond 7,gardner1 ,darton and ,co472 ,grandmother's ,thimble 7,warne1 #ahhb72 ,pictures and ,stories 7,warne1 #ahhb72 ,up ,stream 7,low1 #ahhd72 ,a ,lilliputian ,opera 7,day1 #ahhe72 the ,oakleaf ,library 7six shilling volumes1 ,warne72 and ,mrs4 ,ewing's ,verse ,books 7six vols4 ,s4,p4,c4,k47 are some of the best known4 ,t4 ,pym1 far less well-equipped as a draughtsman1 shows a certain childish naivete in his 7or was it her87 ,pictures from the ,poets 7,gardner1 ,darton and ,co472 ,a1 ,b1 ,c 7,gardner1 ,darton and ,co472 ,land of ,little ,people 7,hildesheimer1 #ahhf72 ,we are ,seven 7#ahhj72 ,children ,busy 7#ahha72 ,snow ,queen 7,gardner1 ,darton and ,co472 ,child's ,own ,story ,book 7,gardner1 ,darton and ,co474 ,ida ,waugh in ,holly ,berries 7,griffith and ,farran1 #ahha72 ,wee ,babies 7,griffith and ,farran1 #ahhb72 ,baby ,blossoms1 ,tangles and ,curls1 and many other volumes mainly devoted to pictures of babies and their doings1 pleased a very large audience both here and in the ,united ,states4 ,dreams1 ,dances and ,disappointments1 and ,the ,maypole1 both by ,konstan and ,castella1 are gracefully decorated books issued by ,messrs4 ,de ,la ,rue in #ahhb1 who also published ,the ,fairies1 illustrated by ,h8 ,allingham in #ahha4 ,major ,seccombe in ,comic ,sketches from ,history 7,allen1 #ahhd71 and ,cinderella 7,warne1 #ahhb71 touched our theme2 a large number of more or less comic books of military life and social satire hardly do so4 ,coloured books of which ,i have failed to discover copies for reference1 are3 ,a4 ,blanchard's ,my ,own ,dolly 7,griffith and ,farran1 #ahhb72 ,harlequin ,eggs1 by ,civilly 7,sonnenschein1 #ahhd72 ,the ,nodding ,mandarin1 by ,l4 ,f4 ,day 7,simpkin1 #ahhc72 ,cats-cradle1 by ,c4 ,kendrick 7,strahan1 #ahhf72 ,the ,kitten ,pilgrims1 by ,a4 ,ballantyne 7,nisbet1 #ahhg72 ,ups and ,downs 7#ahhj71 and ,at his ,mother's ,knee 7#ahhc71 by ,m4 ,j4 ,tilsey4 ,a ,winter ,nosegay 7,sonnenschein1 #ahha72 ,pretty ,peggy1 by ,emmet 7,low1 #ahha72 ,children's ,kettledrum1 by ,m4 ,a4 ,c4 7,dean1 #ahha72 ,three ,wise ,old ,couples1 by ,hopkins 7,cassell1 #ahha72 ,puss in ,boots1 by ,e4 ,k4 ,johnson 7,warne72 ,sugar and ,spice and all that's ,nice 7,strahan1 #ahha72 ,fly away1 ,fairies1 by ,clarkson 7,griffith and ,farran1 #ahhb72 ,the ,tiny ,lawn ,tennis ,club 7,dean1 #ahhb72 ,little ,ben ,bate1 by ,m4 ,browne 7,simpkin1 #ahhb72 ,nursery ,night1 by ,e4 ,dewane 7,dean1 #ahhb72 ,new ,pinafore ,pictures 7,dean1 #ahhb72 ,rumpelstiltskin 7,de la ,rue1 #ahhb72 ,baby's ,debut1 by ,j4 ,smith 7,de la ,rue1 #ahhc72 ,buckets and ,spades 7,dean1 #ahhc72 ,childhood 7,warne1 #ahhc72 ,dame ,trot 7,chapman and ,hall1 #ahhc72 ,in and ,out1 by ,ismay ,thorne 7,sonnenschein1 #ahhd72 ,under ,mother's ,wing1 by ,mrs4 ,clifford 7,gardner1 ,darton1 #ahhc72 ,quacks 7,ward and ,lock1 #ahhc72 ,little ,chicks 7,griffith and ,farran1 #ahhc72 ,talking ,toys1 ,the ,talking ,clock1 ,h4 ,m4 ,bennett2 ,four ,feet by ,two1 by ,helena ,maguire2 ,merry ,hearts1 ,cosy ,corners1 and ,a ,christmas ,fairy1 by ,gordon ,browne 7all published by ,nisbet74 ,among many books elaborately printed by ,messrs4 ,hildesheimer1 are two illustrated by ,m4 ,e4 ,edwards and ,j4 ,c4 ,staples1 ,told in the ,twilight 7#ahhc72 and ,song of the ,bells 7#ahhd72 and one by ,m4 ,e4 ,edwards only1 ,two ,children2 others by ,jane ,m4 ,dealy1 ,sixes and ,sevens 7#ahhb71 and ,little ,miss ,marigold 7#ahhd72 ,nursery ,land1 by ,h4 ,j4 ,maguire 7#ahhh71 and ,sunbeams1 by ,e4 ,k4 ,johnson and ,ewart ,wilson 7#ahhg74 ,f4 ,d4 ,bedford1 who illustrated and decorated ,the ,battle of the ,frogs and ,mice 7,methuen71 has produced this year one of the most satisfactory books with coloured illustrations4 ,in ,nursery ,rhymes 7,methuen71 the pictures1 block-printed in colour by ,edmund ,evans1 are worthy to be placed beside the best books he has produced4 ,of all lady illustrators--the phrase is cumbrous1 but we have no other--,miss ,a4 ,b4 ,woodward stands apart1 not only by the vigour of her work1 but by its amazing humour1 a quality which is certainly infrequent in the work of her sister-artists4 ,the books she has illustrated are not very many1 but all show this quality4 ,banbury ,cross1 in ,messrs4 ,dent's ,series is among the first4 ,in ,to ,tell the ,king the ,sky is ,falling 7,blackie1 #ahif7 there is a store of delicious examples1 and in ,the ,brownies 7,dent1 #ahif71 the vigour of the handling is very noticeable4 ,in ,eric1 ,prince of ,lorlonia 7,macmillan1 #ahif71 we have further proof that these characteristics are not mere accidents1 but the result of carefully studied intention1 which is also apparent in the clever designs for the covers of ,messrs4 ,blackie's ,catalogue1 #ahif-ig4 ,this year1 in ,red ,apple and ,silver ,bells1 ,miss ,woodward shows marked advance4 ,the book1 with its delicious rhymes by ,hamish ,hendry1 is one to treasure1 as is also her ,adventures in ,toy ,land1 designs marked by the diablerie of which she1 alone of lady artists1 seems to have the secret4 ,in this the wooden1 inane expression of the toys contrasts delightfully with the animate figures4 ,mr4 ,charles ,robinson is one of the youngest recruits to the army of illustrators1 and yet his few years' record is both lengthy and kept at a singularly high level4 ,in the first of his designs which attracted attention we find the half-grotesque1 half-real child that he has made his own--fat1 merry little people1 that are bubbling over with the joy of mere existence4 ,macmillan's ,literary ,primers is the rather ponderous title of these booklets which cost but a few pence each1 and are worth many a half-dozen high-priced nursery books4 ,stevenson's ,child's ,garden of ,verse1 his first important book1 won a new reputation by reason of its pictures4 ,then came ,a,esop's ,fables1 in ,dent's ,banbury ,cross ,series4 ,the next year saw ,mr4 ,gabriel ,setoun's book of poems1 ,child ,world1 ,mrs4 ,meynell's ,the ,children1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,d4 ,lowry's ,make ,believe1 and two decorated pages in ,the ,parade 7,henry and ,co474 ,the present ,christmas will see several books from his hand4 ,old ,world ,japan 7,george ,allen7 has thirty-four1 and ,legends from ,river and ,mountain1 forty-two1 pictures by ,t4 ,h4 ,robinson1 which must not be forgotten4 ,the ,giant ,crab 7,nutt71 and ,andersen 7,bliss1 ,sands71 are among the best things ,w4 ,robinson has yet done4 ,illustration ,nonsense1 by ,a4 ,nobody1 and ,some ,more ,nonsense1 by ,a4 ,nobody 7,gardner1 ,darton ,co471 are unique instances of an unfettered humour4 ,that their apparently naive grotesques are from the hand of a very practised draughtsman is evident at a first glance2 but as their author prefers to remain anonymous his identity must not be revealed4 ,specimens from the published work 7which is1 however1 mostly in colour71 and facsimiles of hitherto unpublished drawings1 entitled ,the ,singing ,lesson1 kindly lent by ,messrs4 ,gardner1 ,darton ,co41 are here to prove how merry our anonym can be4 ,by the way1 it may be well to add that the artist in question is not ,sir ,edward ,burne-,jones1 whose caricatures1 that are the delight of children of all ages who know them1 have been so far strictly kept to members of the family circle1 for whom they were produced4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,little ,,folks4 ,,by ,,maurice ,,boutet ,,de ,,monvel4 7,,cassell ,,and ,,co47 ,the editor of ,,the ,,studio1 to whose selection of pictures for reproduction these pages owe their chief interest1 has spared no effort to show a good working sample of the best of all classes1 and in the space available has certainly omitted few of any consequence--except those so very well known1 as1 for instance1 ,tenniel's ,alice series1 and the ,caldecott toy-books--which it would have been superfluous to illustrate again1 especially in black and white after coloured originals4 ,in ,mrs4 ,field's volume already mentioned1 the author says3 ,it has been well observed that children do not desire1 and ought not to be furnished with purely realistic portraits of themselves2 the boy's heart craves a hero1 and the ,johnny or ,frank of the realistic story-book1 the little boy like himself1 is not in this sense a hero4 ,this passage1 referring to the stories themselves1 might be applied to their illustration with hardly less force4 ,to idealise is the normal impulse of a child4 ,true that it can make believe from the most rudimentary hints1 but it is much easier to do so if something not too actual is the groundwork4 ,figures which delight children are never wholly symbolic1 mere virtues and vices materialised as personages of the anecdote4 ,real nonsense such as ,lear concocted1 real wit such as that which sparkles from ,lewis ,carroll's pages1 find their parallel in the pictures which accompany each text4 ,it is the feeble effort to be funny1 the mildly punning humour of the imitators1 which makes the text tedious1 and one fancies the artist is also infected1 for in such books the drawings very rarely rise to a high level4 ,the pretty-pretty school1 which has been too popular1 especially in anthologies of mildly entertaining rhymes1 is sickly at its best1 and fails to retain the interest of a child4 ,possibly1 in pleading for imaginative art1 one has forgotten that everywhere is ,wonderland to a child1 who would be no more astonished to find a real elephant dropping in to tea1 or a real miniature railway across the lawn1 than in finding a toy elephant or a toy engine awaiting him4 ,children are so accustomed to novelty that they do not realise the abnormal2 nor do they always crave for unreality4 ,as coaches and horses were the delight of youngsters a century ago1 so are trains and steamboats to-day4 ,given a pile of books and an empty floor space1 their imagination needs no mechanical models of real locomotives2 or1 to be more correct1 they enjoy the make-believe with quite as great a zest4 ,hence1 perhaps1 in praising conscious art for children's literature1 one is unwittingly pleasing older tastes2 indeed1 it is not inconceivable that the prig which lurks in most of us may be nurtured by too refined diet4 ,whether a child brought up wholly on the aesthetic toy-book would realise the greatness of ,rembrandt's etchings or other masterpieces of realistic art more easily than one who had only known the current pictures of cheap magazines1 is not a question to be decided off-hand4 ,to foster an artificial taste is not wholly unattended with danger2 but if humour be present1 as it is in the works of the best artists for the nursery1 then all fear vanishes2 good wholesome laughter is the deadliest bane to the prig-microbe1 and will leave no infant lisping of the preciousness of ,cimabue1 or the wonder of ,sandro ,botticelli1 as certain children were reported to do in the brief days when the aesthete walked his faded way among us4 ,that modern children's books will--some of them at least--take an honourable place in an iconography of nineteenth-century art1 many of the illustrations here reproduced are in themselves sufficient to prove4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,gould',s ,,book ,,of ,,fairy ,,tales4 ,,by ,,arthur ,,gaskin4 7,,methuen ,,and ,,co47 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,lullaby ,,land ,,by ,,charles ,,robinson4 7,,john ,,lane4 #ahig7 ,after so many pages devoted to the subject1 it might seem as if the mass of material should have revealed very clearly what is the ideal illustration for children4 ,but children is a collective term1 ranging from the tastes of the baby to the precocious youngsters who dip into ,mudie books on the sly1 and hold conversations thereon which astonish their elders when by chance they get wind of the fact4 ,perhaps the belief that children can be educated by the eye is more plausible than well supported4 ,in any case1 it is good that the illustration should be well drawn1 well coloured2 given that1 whether it be realistically imitative or wholly fantastic is quite a secondary matter4 ,as we have had pointed out to us1 the child is not best pleased by mere portraits of himself2 he prefers idealised children1 whether naughtier and more adventurous1 or absolute heroes of romance4 ,and here a strange fact appears1 that as a rule what pleases the boy pleases the girl also2 but that boys look down with scorn on girls' books4 ,any one who has had to do with children knows how eagerly little sisters pounce upon books owned by their brothers4 ,now1 as a rule1 books for girls are confined to stories of good girls1 pictures of good girls1 and mildly exciting domestic incidents1 comic or tragic4 ,the child may be half angel2 he is undoubtedly half savage2 a ,pagan indifference to other people's pain1 and grim joy in other people's accidents1 bear witness to that fact4 ,tender-hearted parents fear lest some pictures should terrify the little ones2 the few that do are those which the child himself discovers in some extraordinary way to be fetishes4 ,he hates them1 yet is fascinated by them4 ,i remember myself being so appalled by a picture that is still keenly remembered4 ,it fascinated me1 and yet was a thing of which the mere memory made one shudder in the dark--the said picture representing a benevolent negro with ,eva on his lap1 from ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin1 a blameless ,sunday-school inspired story4 ,the horrors of an early folio of ,foxe's ,martyrs1 of a grisly ,bunyan1 with terrific pictures of ,apollyon2 even a still more grim series by ,h4 ,c4 ,selous1 issued by the ,art ,union1 if memory may be trusted1 were merely exciting2 it was the mild and amiable representation of ,uncle ,tom that ,i felt to be the very incarnation of all things evil4 ,this personal incident is quoted only to show how impossible it is for the average adult to foretell what will frighten or what will delight a child4 ,for children are singularly reticent concerning the bogeys of their own creating1 yet1 like many fanatics1 it is these which they really most fear4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,make ,,believe4 ,,by ,,charles ,,robinson 7,,john ,,lane4 #ahif7 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,just ,,forty ,,winks ,,by ,,gertrude ,m4 ,,bradley 7,,blackie ,,and ,,son4 #ahig7 ,certainly it is possible that over-conscious art is too popular to-day4 ,the illustrator when he is at work often thinks more of the art critic who may review his book than the readers who are to enjoy it4 ,purely conventional groups of figures1 whether set in a landscape1 or against a decorative background1 as a rule fail to retain a child's interest4 ,he wants invention and detail1 plenty of incident1 melodrama rather than suppressed emotion4 ,something moving1 active1 and suggestive pleases him most1 something about which a story can be woven not so complex that his sense is puzzled to explain why things are as the artist drew them4 ,it is good to educate children unconsciously1 but if we are too careful that all pictures should be devoted to raising their standard of taste1 it is possible that we may soon come back to the ,miss ,pinkerton ideal of amusement blended with instruction4 ,hence one doubts if the ultra-precious school really pleases the child2 and if he refuse the jam the powder is obviously refused also4 ,one who makes pictures for children1 like one who writes them stories1 should have the knack of entertaining them without any appearance of condescension in so doing4 ,they will accept any detail that is related to the incident1 but are keenly alive to discrepancies of detail or action that clash with the narrative4 ,as they do not demand fine drawing1 so the artist must be careful to offer them very much more than academic accomplishment4 ,indeed1 he 7or she7 must be in sympathy with childhood1 and able to project his vision back to its point of view4 ,and this is just a mood in accord with the feeling of our own time1 when men distrust each other and themselves1 and keep few ideals free from doubt1 except the reverence for the sanctity of childhood4 ,those who have forsaken beliefs hallowed by centuries1 and are the most cynical and worldly-minded1 yet often keep faith in one lost ,atalantis--the domain of their own childhood and those who still dwell in the happy isle4 ,to have given a happy hour to one of the least of these is peculiarly gratifying to many tired people to-day1 those surfeited with success no less than those weary of failure4 ,and such labour is of love all compact2 for children are grudging in their praise1 and seldom trouble to inquire who wrote their stories or painted their pictures4 ,consequently those who work for them win neither much gold nor great fame2 but they have a most enthusiastic audience all the same4 ,yet when we remember that the veriest daubs and atrocious drawings are often welcomed as heartily1 one is driven to believe that after all the bored people who turn to amuse the children1 like others who turn to elevate the masses1 are really1 if unconsciously1 amusing if not elevating themselves4 ,if children's books please older people--and that they do so is unquestionable--it would be well to acknowledge it boldly1 and to share the pleasure with the nursery2 not to take it surreptitiously under the pretence of raising the taste of little people4 ,why should not grown-up people avow their pleasure in children's books if they feel it8 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,spotted ,,mimilus4 ,,illustration ,,from ,,king ,,longbeard4 ,,by ,,charles ,,robinson 7,,john ,,lane4 #ahig7 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,the ,,making ,,of ,,matthias ,,by ,,lucy ,,kemp-,,welch4 7,,john ,,lane4 #ahig7 ,if a collector in search of a new hobby wishes to start on a quest full of disappointment1 yet also full of lucky possibilities1 illustrated books for children would give him an exciting theme4 ,the rare volume he hunted for in vain at the ,british ,museum and ,south ,kensington1 for which he scanned the shelves of every second-hand bookseller within reach1 may meet his eye in a twopenny box1 just as he has despaired of ever seeing1 much less procuring1 a copy4 ,at least twice during the preparation of this number ,i have enjoyed that particular experience1 and have no reason to suppose it was very abnormal4 ,to make a fine library of these things may be difficult1 but it is not a predestined failure4 ,caxtons and ,wynkyn de ,wordes seem less scarce than some of these early nursery books4 ,yet1 as we know1 the former have been the quest of collectors for years1 and so are probably nearly all sifted out of the great rubbish-heaps of dealers2 the latter have not been in great demand1 and may be unearthed in odd corners of country shops and all sorts of likely and unlikely places4 ,therefore1 as a hobby1 it offers an exciting quest with almost certain success in the end2 in short1 it offers the ideal conditions for collecting as a pastime1 provided you can muster sufficient interest in the subject to become absorbed in its pursuit4 ,so large is it that1 even to limit one's quest to books with coloured pictures would yet require a good many years' hunting to secure a decent bag4 ,another tempting point is that prices at present are mostly nominal1 not because the quarry is plentiful1 but because the demand is not recognised by the general bookseller4 ,of course1 books in good condition1 with unannotated pages1 are rare2 and some series--,felix ,summerley's1 for example--which owe their chief interest to the get-up of the volume considered as a whole1 would be scarce worth possessing if rebound or deprived of their covers4 ,still1 always provided the game attracts him1 the hobby-horseman has fair chances1 and is inspired by motives hardly less noble than those which distinguish the pursuit of bookplates 7ex libris71 postage-stamps and other objects which have attracted men to devote not only their leisure and their spare cash1 but often their whole energy and nearly all their resources4 ,societies1 with all the pomp of officials1 and members proudly arranging detached letters of the alphabet after their names1 exist for discussing hobbies not more important4 ,speaking as an interested but not infatuated collector1 it seems as if the mere gathering together of rarities of this sort would soon become as tedious as the amassing of dull armorial ex libris1 or sorting infinitely subtle varieties of postage-stamps4 ,but seeing the intense passion such things arouse in their devotees1 the fact that among children's books there are not a few of real intrinsic interest1 ought not to make the hobby less attractive2 except that1 speaking generally1 your true collector seems to despise every quality except rarity 7which implies market value ultimately1 if for the moment there are not enough rival collectors to have started a boom in prices74 ,yet all these snappers up of unconsidered trifles help to gather together material which may prove in time to be not without value to the social historian or the student interested in the progress of printing and the art of illustration2 but it would be a pity to confuse ephemeral curios with lasting works of fine art1 and the ardour of collecting need not blind one to the fact that the former are greatly in excess of the latter4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,miss ,,mouse ,,and ,,her ,,boys4 ,,by ,l4 ,,leslie ,,brooke4 7,,macmillan ,,and ,,co4 #ahig7 ,the special full-page illustrations which appear in this number must not be left without a word of comment4 ,in place of re-issuing facsimiles of actual illustrations from coloured books of the past which would probably have been familiar to many readers1 drawings by artists who are mentioned elsewhere in this ,christmas ,number have been specially designed to carry out the spirit of the theme4 ,for ,christmas is pre-eminently the time for children's books4 ,mr4 ,robert ,halls' painting of a baby1 here called ,the ,heir to ,fairyland--the critic for whom all this vast amount of effort is annually expended--is seen still in the early or destructive stage1 a curious foreshadowing of his attitude in a later development should he be led from the paths of ,philistia to the bye-ways of art criticism4 ,the portrait miniatures of child-life by ,mr4 ,robert ,halls1 if not so well known as they deserve1 cannot be unfamiliar to readers of ,,the ,,studio1 since many of his best works have been exhibited at the ,academy and elsewhere4 ,the lithograph by ,mr4 ,r4 ,anning ,bell1 ,in ,nooks with ,books1 represents a second stage of the juvenile critic when appreciation in a very acute form has set in1 and picture-books are no longer regarded as toys to destroy1 but treasures to be enjoyed snugly with a delight in their possession4 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,baby',s ,,lays ,,by ,e4 ,,calvert 7,,elkin ,,mathews4 #ahig7 ,mr4 ,granville ,fell1 with ,king ,love1 a ,christmas ,greeting1 turns back to the memory of the birthday whose celebration provokes the gifts which so often take the form of illustrated books1 for ,christmas is to ,britons more and more the children's festival4 ,the conviviality of the ,dickens' period may linger here and there2 but to adults generally ,christmas is only a vicarious pleasure1 for most households devote the day entirely to pleasing the little ones who have annexed it as their own special holiday4 ,the dainty water-colour by ,mr4 ,charles ,robinson1 and the charming drawing in line by ,m4 ,boutet de ,monvel1 call for no comment4 ,collectors will be glad to possess such excellent facsimiles of work by two illustrators conspicuous for their work in this field4 ,the figure by ,mr4 ,robinson1 ,so ,light of ,foot1 so ,light of ,spirit1 is extremely typical of the personal style he has adopted from the first4 ,studies by ,m4 de ,monvel have appeared before in ,,the ,,studio1 so that it would be merely reiterating the obvious to call attention to the exquisite truth of character which he obtains with rare artistry4 ,g4 ,w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,editor's best thanks are due to all those publishers who have so kindly and readily come forward with their assistance in the compilation of ,children's ,books and their ,illustrators4 ,owing to exigences of space reference to several important new books has necessarily been postponed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,illustration ,,from ,,national ,,rhymes4 ,,by ,,gordon ,,browne 7,,gardner1 ,,darton ,,and ,,co4 #ahig7 ,for ,younger ,readers ,,by ,,martha ,,finley ,,elsie ,,dinsmore4 ,with illustrations by ,h4 ,c4 ,christy4 ,large #hvo1 cloth4 #a4ej4 ,,elsie ,,at ,,home4 ,similar in general style to the previous ,elsie books4 #afmo1 cloth4 #a4be4 ,,by ,,rafford ,,pyke4 ,,the ,,adventures ,,of ,,mabel4 ,for children of five and six4 ,with many illustrations by ,,melanie ,,elizabeth ,,norton4 ,large #hvo4 #a4ge4 ,,by ,,barbara ,,yechton4 ,,derick4 ,illustrated4 ,large #abmo1 cloth4 #a4ej4 ,,by ,,amanda ,m4 ,,douglas4 ,,children ,,at ,,sherburne ,,house1 #abmo1 cloth4 #a4ej4 ,,nan4 ,a ,sequel to ,a ,little ,girl in ,old ,new ,york4 ,illustrated4 #abmo1 cloth4 #a4ej4 ,,by ,,elizabeth ,,stuart ,,phelps4 ,,gipsy',s ,,year ,,at ,,the ,,golden ,,crescent4 ,uniform with the previous volumes of the same series4 ,fully illustrated4 ,large #abmo1 cloth4 #a4ej4 ,,by ,,elizabeth ,w4 ,,champney4 ,,witch ,,winnie ,,in ,,venice4 ,with many illustrations4 ,large #abmo1 cloth4 #a4ej4 ,,pierre ,,and ,,his ,,poodle4 ,with numerous illustrations4 #abmo1 cloth4 #a4jj4 ,,by ,,beatrice ,,harraden4 ,,untold ,,tales ,,of ,,the ,,past4 ,by ,,beatrice ,,harraden1 author of ,ships that ,pass in the ,night1 ,hilda ,strafford1 etc4 ,illustrated4 ,cloth4 ,probably #a4ej4 ,the above are published by ,dodd1 ,mead ,company1 ,,fifth ,,ave4 #ba,,st ,,street1 ,,new ,,york 99 99 99 99 99 ,four ,capital ,books ,aaron in the ,wildwoods ,a delightful new ,thimblefinger story of ,aaron while a runaway1 by ,,joel ,,chandler ,,harris1 author of ,little ,mr4 ,thimblefinger and his ,queer ,country1 ,mr4 ,rabbit at ,home1 ,the ,story of ,aaron1 etc4 ,with #bd full-page illustrations by ,,oliver ,,herford4 ,square #hvo4 #b4jj4 ,little-,folk ,lyrics ,by ,,frank ,,dempster ,,sherman4 ,,holiday ,,edition4 ,a beautiful book of very charming poems for children1 with #af exquisite illustrations4 #abmo4 #a4ej4 ,being a ,boy ,by ,,charles ,,dudley ,,warner4 ,with an introduction and #cb capital full-page illustrations from photographs by ,,clifton ,,johnson4 #abmo1 gilt top4 #b4jj4 ,an ,unwilling ,maid ,a capital story of the ,revolution1 for girls1 by ,,jeanie ,,gould ,,lincoln1 author of ,marjorie's ,quest1 ,a ,genuine ,girl1 etc4 ,with illustrations4 #a4be4 ,few recent stories surpass it in the fortunate blending of vivacity and sweetness and stern loyalty to duty and tender and pathetic experiences4 ,it is fascinatingly written and every chapter increases its delightfulness4--,the ,congregationalist1 ,boston4 ,sold by ,booksellers1 ,sent1 postpaid1 by ,houghton1 ,mifflin ,co41 ,boston 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,books ,,for ,,boys ,,and ,,girls ,three ,new ,historical ,tales by ,e4 ,everett ,green1 ,author of ,the ,young ,pioneers1 etc4 ,a ,,clerk ,,at ,,oxford1 ,,and ,,his ,,adventures ,,in ,,the ,,baron',s ,,war4 ,with a plan of ,oxford in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries1 and a view of the city from an old print4 #hvo1 extra cloth4 #a4ej4 ,,sister3 ,a ,,chronicle ,,of ,,fair ,,haven4 ,with eight illustrations by ,j4 ,,finnemore4 #hvo1 extra cloth4 #a4ej4 ,,tom ,,tufton',s ,,travels4 ,with illustrations by ,w4 ,s4 ,,stacey4 #hvo1 extra cloth1 #a4be4 ,two ,new ,books by ,herbert ,hayens1 ,author of ,clevely ,sahib1 ,under the ,lone ,star1 etc4 ,,an ,,emperor',s ,,doom2 ,,or ,,the ,,patriots ,,of ,,mexico4 ,a tale of the downfall of ,maximilian1 with eight illustrations by ,a4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,salmon4 #hvo1 extra cloth4 #a4ej4 ,,soldiers ,,of ,,the ,,legion4 ,a tale of the ,carlist ,war4 #hvo1 extra cloth1 illustrated4 #a4be4 ,,the ,,island ,,of ,,gold4 ,a ,sailor's ,yarn4 ,by ,,gordon ,,stables1 ,m4 ,d41 ,r4 ,n41 author of ,every ,inch a ,sailor1 ,how ,jack ,mc,kenzie ,won ,his ,epaulettes1 etc4 ,with six illustrations by ,,allan ,,stuart4 #hvo1 extra cloth4 #a4be4 ,,poppy4 ,a tale4 ,by ,,mrs4 ,,isla ,,sitwell1 author of ,in ,far ,japan1 ,the ,golden ,woof1 etc4 ,with illustrations4 #hvo1 cloth extra4 #a4be4 ,,vandrad ,,the ,,viking2 ,,or ,,the ,,feud ,,and ,,the ,,spell4 ,a tale of the ,norsemen4 ,by ,i4 ,,storer ,,clouston4 ,with six illustrations by ,,herbert ,,payton4 #hvo1 cloth4 #hj cts4 ,,the ,,vanished ,,yacht4 ,by ,e4 ,,harcourt ,,burrage4 ,cloth extra4 #a4jj4 ,,little ,,tora1 ,,the ,,swedish ,,schoolmistress1 ,,and ,,other ,,stories4 ,by ,,mrs4 ,,woods ,,baker1 author of ,fireside ,sketches of ,swedish ,life1 ,the ,swedish ,twins1 etc4 ,cloth4 #fj cts4 ,a ,,book ,,about ,,shakespeare4 ,written for ,young ,people4 ,by ,i4 ,n4 ,,mcilwraith4 ,with numerous illustrations4 ,cloth extra4 #fj cts4 ,,across ,,greenland',s ,,icefields4 ,an account of the discoveries by ,nansen and ,peary4 ,with portraits of ,nansen and other illustrations4 #hvo1 cloth4 #hj cts4 ,,breaking ,,the ,,record4 ,the story of ,north ,polar ,expeditions by the ,nova ,zembla and ,spitzbergen ,routes4 ,by ,m4 ,,douglass1 author of ,across ,greenland's ,icefields1 etc4 ,with numerous illustrations4 ,cloth extra4 #hj cts4 ,for sale by all ,booksellers1 or sent prepaid on receipt of price1 ,send for complete catalogue1 ,,thomas ,,nelson ,,sons1 ,publishers1 #cc ,e4 #agth ,st4 7,union ,sq471 ,n4 ,y4 ,,childrens' ,,books ,the ,blackberries ,thirty-two humorous drawings in color1 with descriptive verses1 by ,e4 ,w4 ,kemble the famous delineator of ,kemble's ,coons4 ,large quarto1 #ix#ab1 on plate paper2 cover in color4 #a4ej4 ,kemble's ,coons ,drawings by ,e4 ,w4 ,kemble4 ,a series of #cj beautiful half-tone reproductions1 printed in ,sepia1 of drawings of colored children and southern scenes1 by ,e4 ,w4 ,kemble1 the well-known character artist4 ,large quarto1 #ia_/bx#ab inches2 handsomely bound in ,brown ,buckram and ,japan ,vellum printed in color4 ,price1 #b4jj4 ,the ,delft ,cat ,by ,robert ,howard ,russell4 ,three stories for children profusely illustrated by ,f4 ,berkeley ,smith4 ,printed on hand-made1 deckle-edge linen paper with attractive cover in ,delft ,colors4 ,price1 #ge cents4 ,illustration ,chip's ,dogs ,a collection of humorous drawings by the late ,f4 ,p4 ,w4 ,bellew 7,chip71 whose amusing sketches of dogs were so well known4 ,a new and improved edition now ready4 ,large ,quarto1 #ia_/bx#ab inches1 on plate paper1 handsomely bound4 ,price1 #a4jj4 ,the ,autobiography of a ,monkey ,a laughable conception in #cj full-page and #dj small drawings by ,hy4 ,mayer1 with verses by ,albert ,bigelow ,paine4 ,large quarto1 #gx#i1 with cover in color4 ,price1 #a4be4 ,the ,tiddledywink's ,poetry ,book ,illustrated by ,charles ,howard ,johnson4 ,a book of nonsense rhymes by ,mr4 ,bangs1 accompanied by most amusing pictures4 ,large quarto1 with ,illuminated covers1 #cj full-page illustrations1 colored borders to text4 ,boards4 ,price1 #a4jj4 ,the ,mantel ,piece ,minstrels ,by ,john ,kendrick ,bangs4 ,a most attractive little volume containing four of ,mr4 ,bangs' inimitably humorous stories1 profusely illustrated with unique drawings by ,f4 ,berkeley ,smith2 printed on hand-made1 deckle-edge linen paper1 and tastefully bound in illuminated covers4 #cbmo4 ,price1 #ge cents4 ,the ,dumpies ,discovered and drawn by ,frank ,verbeck2 ,albert ,bigelow ,paine1 historian4 ,an entertaining tale in prose and verse1 as fascinating as ,the ,brownies4 ,large quarto1 #hx#aa1 with #acj illustrations and cover in color4 ,price1 #a4be4 ,tiddledywink ,tales ,by ,john ,kendrick ,bangs4 ,a charming book for children4 ,the drawings by ,charles ,howard ,johnson are quite in sympathy with the humor of the book4 ,full cloth1 gilt1 #bcf pp4 #abmo4 ,price1 #a4be4 ,in ,camp with a ,tin ,soldier ,by ,john ,kendrick ,bangs4 ,a ,sequel to ,tiddledywink ,tales4 ,illustrated by ,t4 ,m4 ,ashe1 ,jimmieboy's adventures in the ,camp of the ,tin ,soldiers are most amusing4 ,full cloth1 gilt1 #bcf pp4 #abmo4 ,price1 #a4be4 ,half ,hours with ,jimmieboy ,by ,john ,kendrick ,bangs4 ,illustrated by ,frank ,verbeck1 ,peter ,newell and others4 ,sixteen short stories record the interesting adventures of the hero with all sorts of folks2 dwarfs1 dudes1 giants1 bicyclopaedia birds and snowmen4 ,full cloth1 #aab pp4 #abmo4 ,price1 #a4be4 ,the ,slambangaree ,ten stories for children by ,r4 ,k4 ,munkittrick4 ,on hand-made deckle-edge linen paper4 ,price1 #ge cents4 ,in ,savage ,africa ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,glave1 one of ,stanley's pioneer officers4 ,with an introduction by ,henry ,m4 ,stanley4 ,beautifully illustrated with seventy-five wood cuts1 half-tones and pen-and-ink sketches by the author1 ,bacher1 ,bridgman1 ,kemble and ,taber4 ,large octavo1 full cloth1 gilt4 ,price1 #a4ej4 ,an ,alphabet ,by ,william ,nicholson4 ,color plate for each letter in the alphabet4 ,popular ,edition on stout cartridge paper1 #a4ej4 ,library ,edition1 made on ,dutch hand-made paper2 mounted and bound in cloth4 ,price1 #c4ge4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,russell1 ,new ,york ,,the ,,wayside ,,press1 ,,springfield1 ,,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,obvious punctuation errors repaired4 ,advertising page1 ,navel changed to ,naval 7,the ,naval ,cadet7 ,advertising page1 facination changed to fascination 7his usual fascination7 ,advertising page1 irresistable changed to irresistible 7that is irresistible7 ,advertising page1 under ,the ,golden ,galleon1 ,rainy changed to ,rainey 7by ,william ,rainey1 ,r4 ,i47 ,page #ah1 n changed to in 7in comparison with all7 ,page #dg1 ,keat's changed to ,keats's 7or ,keats's ,poems7 ,page #ed1 twice1 ,de changed to de 7gather from ,mr4 de7 7,mr4 de ,morgan's process7 ,page #gj1 ,tiddlewink changed to ,tiddledywink 7,sequel to ,tiddledywink ,tales7 ,varied hyphenation was retained3 woodcuts1 wood-cuts and today1 to-day and folklore1 folk-lore4