,journals47 ,transcriber's note3 ,a few typographical errors have been corrected3 they are listed at the end of the text4 99 99 99 99 99 #dhe ,,notes ,,and ,,queries3 ,a ,,medium ,,of ,,inter-,,communication ,,for ,,literary ,,men1 ,,artists1 ,,antiquaries1 ,,genealogists1 ,,etc4 ,when found1 make a note of4--,,captain ,,cuttle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no4 #bab4 ,,saturday1 ,,november #ai4 #ahec4 ,price ,fourpence4 ,stamped ,edition #e;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,contents4 ,,notes3-- ,page ,party-,similes of the ,seventeenth ,century3--,no4 #a4 ,foxes and ,firebrands4 ,no4 #b4 ,the ,trojan ,horse #dhe ,testimonials to ,donkeys1 by ,cuthbert ,bede1 ,b4,a4 #dhh ,longevity in ,cleveland1 ,yorkshire1 by ,william ,durrant ,cooper #dhh ,rev4 ,josiah ,pullen #dhi ,,folk ,,lore3--,ancient ,custom in ,warwickshire-- ,nottinghamshire ,customs #dij ,,minor ,,notes3--,a ,centenarian ,couple--,veni1 vidi1 vici--,autumnal ,tints--,variety is pleasing-- ,rome and the ,number ,six--,zend ,grammar--,the ,duke's ,first ,victory--,straw ,paper--,american ,epitaph #dij ,,queries3-- ,laurie 787 on ,currency1 c4 #dia ,donatus ,redivivus #dib ,,minor ,,queries3--,henry ,scobell--,the ,court ,house --,ash-trees attract ,lightning--,symbol of ,sow1 c4 --,passage in ,blackwood--,rathband ,family-- ,encaustic ,tiles from ,caen--,artificial ,drainage-- ,storms at the ,death of ,great ,men--,motto on ,wylcotes' ,brass--,trail through the leaden sky1 c4-- ,lord ,audley's ,attendants at ,poictiers--,roman ,catholic ,bible ,society #dic ,,minor ,,queries ,,with ,,answers--,vox ,populi ,vox ,dei--,lanquettes ,cronicles--,our ,english ,milo--,delights for ,ladies--,burton's ,death --,joannes ,audoenus--,hampden's ,death #did ,,replies3- ,pinece with a ,stink1 by ,w4 ,pinkerton1 c4 #dif ,monumental ,brasses abroad1 by ,josiah ,cato #dig ,milton's ,lycidas1 by ,c4 ,mansfield ,ingleby #dig ,school ,libraries1 by ,weld ,taylor and ,g4 ,brindley ,acworth #dih ,cawdray's ,treasurie of ,similies1 and ,simile of ,magnetic ,needle1 by ,rev4 ,e4 ,c4 ,harington1 c4 #dii ,mary1 weep no more for me1 by ,j4 ,w4 ,thomas #ejj ,,photographic ,,correspondence3--,clouds in ,photographs --,albumenized ,paper--,stereoscopic ,angles --,photographic ,copies of ,,mss4 #eja ,,replies ,,to ,,minor ,,queries3--,lord ,cecil's ,memorials --,foreign ,medical ,education--,encyclopaedias --,pepys's ,grammar--,antiquitas ,saeculi ,juventus ,mundi--,napoleon's ,spelling--,black as a mourning ,colour--,chanting of ,jurors--,aldress--,huggins and ,muggins--,camera ,lucida--,when ,orpheus went down--,the ,arms of ,de ,sissone--,oaths of ,pregnant ,women--,lepel's ,regiment--,editions of the ,prayer ,book prior to #affb--;,creole--,daughter pronounced ,dafter--,richard ,geering--,island #ejb ,,miscellaneous3-- ,books and ,odd ,volumes wanted #eje ,notices to ,correspondents #eje ,advertisements #eje 99 99 99 99 99 ,notes4 ,,party-,,similes ,,of ,,the ,,seventeenth ,,century--,,no4 ,i4 ,,foxes ,,and ,,firebrands4 ,,no4 ,,ii4 ,,the ,,trojan ,,horse4 ,with ,englishmen1 at least1 the seventeenth was a century pre-eminent for quaint conceits and fantastic similes3 the literature of that period1 whether devotional1 poetical1 or polemical#a1 was alike infected with the universal mania for strained metaphors1 and men vied with each other in giving extraordinary titles to books1 and making the #dhf contents justify the title4 ,extravagance and the far-fetched were the gauge of wit3 ,donne1 ,herbert1 and many a man of genius foundered on this rock1 as well as ,cowley1 who acted up to his own definition3 ,in a true ,piece of ,wit all things must be1 ,yet all things there agree2 ,as in the ,ark1 join'd without force or strife1 ,all creatures dwelt--all creatures that had life4 ,it is not1 however1 for the purpose of illustrating this mania that ,i am about to dwell on the two similes which form the subject of my present ,note3 ,i selected them as favourite party-similes which formed a standing dish for old ,anglican writers2 and also because they throw light on the history of religious party in ,england1 and thus form a suitable supplement to my article on ,high ,church and ,low ,church 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #aag474 ,as the object of the ,church of ,england1 in separating from ,rome1 was the reformation1 not the destruction of her former faith1 by the very act of reformation she found herself opposed to two bodies2 namely1 that from which she separated1 and the ultra-reformers or ,puritans1 who clamoured for a radical reformation4 ,taking these as the ,scylla and ,charybdis--the two extremes to be avoided--the ,anglican ,church hoped to attain the safe and golden mean by steering between these opposites1 and find1 in this via media course1 the path of truth4 ,accordingly1 her divines abound with warnings against the aforesaid ,scylla and ,charybdis1 and with exhortations to cleave to the middle line of safety4 ,acting on the proverb that extremes meet1 they were ever drawing parallels between their two opponents4 ,on the other hand1 the ,puritans stoutly contended that they were the true middle-men2 and in their turn traced divers similarities and parallels betwixt ,popery and ,prelacy1 the ,mass ,book and ,service ,book4#b ,without farther preface1 ,i shall give the title of a curious work1 which will tell its own story3 ,foxes and ,firebrands2 or ,a ,specimen of the ,danger and ,harmony of ,popery and ,separation4 ,wherein is proved from undeniable ,matter of ,fact and ,reason1 that ,separation from the ,church of ,england is1 in the ,judgment of ,papists1 and by ,experience1 found the most ,compendious way to introduce ,popery1 and to ruine the ,protestant ,religion3 ',tantum ,religio potuit suadere ,malorum4' ,a work under this title was published1 if ,i mistake not1 in ,london in #afgh by ,dr4 ,henry ,nalson2 in #afhb1 ,robert ,ware reprinted it with a second part of his own2 and in #afhi he added a third and last part in #abmo41 uniform with the previous volume4#c ,in the ,epist4 ,ded4 to ,part ,,ii4 the writer says of the ,church of ,england3 ,the ,papists on the one hand1 and the ,puritans on the other1 did endeavour to sully and bespatter the glory of her ,reformation3 the one taxing it with innovation1 and the other with superstition4 ,the ,preface to the ,third ,part declares that the object of the whole work is to reclaim the most haggard ,papists and ,puritans4 ,wheatly1 in treating of the ,state ,service for the #bith of ,may1 remarks3 ,the ,papists and ,sectaries1 like ,sampson's ,foxes1 though they look contrary ways1 do yet both join in carrying ,fire to destroy us3 their ,end is the same1 though the method be different4--,rational ,illust4 of the ,book of ,common ,prayer1 #crd edit41 ,london1 #agbj1 folio4 ,the following passage occurs in ,a ,letter to the ,author of the ,vindication of the ,clergy1 by ,dr4 ,eachard1 ,london1 #agje3 ,i have put in hard1 ,i'll assure you1 in all companies1 for two or three more3 as for example1 ,the ,papist and the ,puritan being tyed together like ,sampson's ,foxes4 ,i liked it well enough1 and have beseeched them to let it pass for a phansie2 but ,i could never get the rogues in a good humour to do it3 for they say that ,sampson's foxes have been so very long and so very often tied together1 that it is high time to part them4 ,it may be because something very like it is to be found in a printed sermon1 which was preached thirty-eight years ago3 it is no flam nor whisker4 ,it is the forty-third page upon the right hand4 ,yours go thus1 viz4 ,papist and ,puritan1 like ,sampson's ,foxes1 though looking and running two several ways1 yet are ever joyned together the tail4 ,my author has it thus1 viz4 ,the ,separatists and the ,romanists consequently to their otherwise most distant principles do fully agree1 like ,sampson's ,foxes1 tyed together by the tails1 to set all on fire1 although their faces look quite contrary ways4--,p4 #cd4 ,it would be easy to multiply passages in which this simile occurs2 but what ,i have given is #dhg suffcient for my purpose1 and ,i must leave room for ,the ,trojan ,horse4#d ,i must content myself with giving the title of the following work1 as ,i have never met with the book itself3 ,the ,trojan ,horse1 or ,the ,presbyterian ,government ,unbowelled1 ,london1 #afdf4 ,in a brochure of ,primate ,bramhall's1 entitled ,a ,faire ,warning for ,england to take heed of the ,presbyterian ,government4444 ,also the ,sinfulnesse and ,wickednesse of the ,covenant1 to introduce that ,government upon the ,church of ,england4 the second paragraph of the first page proceeds3 ,but to see those very men who plead so vehemently against all kinds of tyranny1 attempt to obtrude their own dreames not only upon their fellow-subjects1 but upon their sovereigne himself1 contrary to the dictates of his own conscience1 contrary to all law of ,god and man2 yea to compell forreigne churches to dance after their pipe1 to worship that counterfeit image which they feign to have fallen down from ,jupiter1 and by force of arms to turne their neighbours out of a possession of above #adjj years1 to make roome for their ,trojan ,horse of ecclesiastical discipline 7a practice never justified in the world but either by the ,turk or by the ,pope73 this put us upon the defensive part4 ,they must not think that other men are so cowed or grown so tame1 as to stand still blowing of their noses1 whilst they bridle them and ride them at their pleasure4 ,it is time to let the world see that this discipline which they so much adore1 is the very quintessence of refined ,popery4 ,my copy of this tract has no place or date3 but it appears to have been printed at the ,hague in #afdi4 ,it was answered in the same year by ,robert ,baylie1 minister at ,glasgow1 whose reply was printed at ,delph4 ,as the tide of the time and circumstance rolled on1 this simile gained additional force and depth2 and to understand the admirable aptitude of its application in the passage ,i shall next quote1 a few preliminary remarks are necessary4 ,there was always in the ,church of ,england a portion of her members who could not forget that the ,puritans1 though external to her communion1 were yet fellow ,protestants2 that they differed not in kind1 but in degree--and that these differences were insignificant compared with those of ,rome4 ,at the same time1 they reflected that perhaps the ,church of ,england was not exactly in the middle1 and that she would not lose were she to move a little nearer the ,puritan side4 ,accordingly1 various attempts were made to enlarge the terms of her communion1 and eject from her service-book any lingering relics of ,popery which might offend the weaker brethren yclept the ,puritans3 thus to make a grand ,comprehension ,creed--a ,church to include all ,protestants4 ,this was tried in ,james ,i4's reign at the ,savoy ,conference2 but in spite of ,baxter's strenuous efforts and model prayer-book1 it was a failure4 ,even ,archbishop ,sancroft was led to attempt a similar ,comprehensive ,scheme1 so terrified was he at the dominance of the ,roman ,church in the ,second ,james's reign3 however1 ,william's accession1 and his becoming a nonjuror1 crossed his design4 ,in #afhi1 ,tillotson1 ,burnet1 and a number of ,william's ,latitudinarian clergy made a bold push for it4 ,a ,comprehension ,bill actually passed the ,house of ,lords1 but was thrown out by the ,commons and ,convocation4 ,from ,william's time toleration and encouragement were extended to all save ,popish ,recusants2 so that there were a large number in the ,church of ,england ready to assist their comrades outside in breaking down her fences4 ,the ,high ,churchmen1 however1 as may be guessed1 would not sit tamely by1 and see the leading idea of the ,anglican ,church thrown to the winds1 her via media profaned1 her park made a common1 and her distinctive doctrines and fences levelled to the ground4 ,what their feelings were1 may be gathered from this indignant invective3 ,the most of the inconveniences we labour under to this day1 owe their original to the weakness of some and to the cowardice of others of the clergy4 ,for had they stood stiff and inflexible at first against the encroachments and intrigues of a ,puritanical faction1 like a threefold cord1 we could not have been so easily shattered and broken4 ,the dissenters1 as well skilled in the art of war1 have besieged the ,church in form3 and at all periods and seasons have raised their batteries1 and carried on their saps and counter-scarps against her4 ,they have left no means unessayed or practised1 to weaken her4 ,and when open violence has been baffled1 and useless1 stratagem and contrivance have supplied what force could never effect4 ,hence it is1 that under the cant of conscience and scruple1 they have feigned a compliance of embracing her communion2 if such and such ceremonies and rules that then stood in force could be omitted1 or connived at3 and having once broke ground on her discipline1 they have continued to carry on their trenches1 and had almost brought the ,great ,comprehension-,horse within our walls2 whilst the complying1 or the moderate clergy 7as they are called71 like the infatuated ,trojans1 helped forward the unwieldy machine2 nor were they aware of the danger and destruction that might have issued out of him4--,the ,entertainer1 ,london1 #agah1 p4 #aec4e #dhh ,i shall but add a postscript to my former ,note4 ,in ,n4 ,q4 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #aef471 a number of pamphlets on ,high ,church and ,low ,church are referred to4 ,a masterly sketch of the two theories is given at pp4 #hg1 #hh4 of ,mr4 ,kingsley's ,yeast1 ,london1 #ahea4 ,,jarltzberg4 ,footnote #a3 ,dr4 ,eachard1 in his work on ,the ,grounds and ,occasions of the ,contempt of the ,clergy and ,religion inquired into1 ,london1 #agab1 after ably showing up the pedantry of some preachers1 next attacks the indiscreet and horrid ,metaphor ,mongers4 ,another thing that brings great disrespect and mischief upon the clergy 444 is their packing their sermons so full of similitudes 7p4 #da474 ,eachard has a museum of curiosities in this line4 ,the ,puritan ,pulpit1 however1 far outstrips even the incredible nonsense and irreverence which he adduces4 ,let any one curious in such matters dip into a collection of ,scotch ,sermons of the seventeenth century4 ,sir ,w4 ,scott1 in some of his works1 has endeavoured to give a faint idea of the extraordinary way in which passages of ,holy ,scripture were applied in the same century4 ,i have a very curious book of soliloquies1 which unfortunately wants the title-page4 ,from internal evidence1 however1 it appeals to have been written in ,ireland in the seventeenth century3 the writer signs himself ,p4 ,p4 ,the editor of this little #abmo41 in ,an ,epistle to the ,reader1 after reprehending the wits of our times for quibbling and drolling upon the ,bible1 says immediately after3--,this author's innocent abuse of ,scripture is so far from countenancing1 that it rather shames and condemns that licentious and abominable practice4 ,nor can we admit of the most useful allusions without that harmless 7nay helpful and advantageous7 ,greek3 katachresis1 or abuse here practised3 wherein the words are indeed used to another1 but yet to a ,holy end and purpose1 besides that for which they were at first instituted and intended4 ,the most reverend of our readers must need smile1 were ,i to give a specimen of this innocent abuse4 ,while noticing the false wit which passed current in that century1 we must not forget that the same age produced a ,south and a ,butler3 and that in beauty of simile1 few1 if any1 surpass ,bishop ,jeremy ,taylor4 ,footnote #b3 ,an ,analysis of the divers pamphlets published against the ,book of ,common ,prayer would make a very curious volume4 ,take a passage from the ,anatomy of the ,service ,book1 for instance3 ,the cruellest of the ,american savages1 called the ,mohaukes1 though they fattened their captive ,christians to the slaughter1 yet they eat them up at once2 but the ,service-book savages eat the servants of ,god by piece-meal3 keeping them alive 7if it may be called a life7 ut sentiant se mori1 that they may be the more sensible of their dying 7p4 #ef474 ,sir ,walter ,scott quotes a curious tract in ,woodstock1 entitled ,vindication of the ,book of ,common ,prayer against the ,contumelious ,slanders of the ,fanatic ,party terming it ,porridge4 ,the author of this singular and rare tract 7says ,sir ,w47 indulges in the allegorical style1 till he fairly hunts down the allegory4 ,the learned divine chases his metaphor at a very cold scent1 through a pamphlet of his mortal quarto pages4--,see a ,parallel of the ,liturgy with the ,mass ,book1 ,breviary1 c41 by ,robert ,baylie4 #affa1 #dto4 ,footnote #c3 ,see ,n4 ,q41 ,vol4 viii41 p4 #agb4--;,,ed4 ,footnote #d3 ,see ,grey's ,hudibras1 ,dublin1 #agdd1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bdh41 vol4 i4 pp4 #aej1 #aea41 where allusions both to ,the ,trojan ,mare and tying the fox tails together occur4 ,butler was versed in the controversies of his day1 and1 moreover1 loved to satirise the metaphor mania by his exquisitely comic similes4 ,footnote #e3 ,let any one interested in the history of ,comprehension refer to the proceedings relative to the formation of the ,evangelical ,alliance4 ,jeremy ,collier gives a curious parallel3--,lord ,burleigh1 upon some complaint against the ,liturgy1 bade the ,dissenters draw up another1 and contrive the offices in such a form as might give general satisfaction to their brethren4 ,upon this overture the first classis struck out their lines1 and drew mostly by the portrait of ,geneva4 ,this draught was referred to the consideration of a second classis1 who made no less than six hundred exceptions to it4 ,the third classis quarrelled with the corrections of the second1 and declared for a new model4 ,the fourth refined no less upon the third4 ,the treasurer advised all these reviews1 and different committees1 on purpose to break their measures and silence their clamours against the ,church4 ,however1 since they could not come to any agreement in a form for divine service1 he had a handsome opportunity for a release3 for now they could not decently importune him any farther4 ,to part smoothly with them1 he assured their agents that1 when they came to any unanimous resolve upon the matter before them1 they might expect his friendship1 and that he should be ready to bring their scheme to a settlement4 ,collier's ,hist41 vol4 viii4 p4 #af4 ,see ,cardwell's ,hist4 of the ,conference connected with the ,revision of the ,book of ,common ,prayer1 ,london1 #ahdi1 #hvo4 ,see also ,quarterly ,review1 vol4 #a4 pp4 #ejh-efa41 ,no4 ,c4 ,jan4 #ahcd4 ,the present ,american ,prayer ,book is formed on the ,comprehension scheme4 ,last year ,pickering published a ,book of ,common ,prayer of the ,church of ,england1 adapted for ,general ,use in other ,protestant ,churches1 which is well worth referring to4 ,those who wished to comprehend at the ,roman side of the via media were very few4 ,elizabeth and ,laud are the most prominent instances4 ,charles ,i41 and afterwards the ,nonjurors1 had schemes of communion with the ,greek ,church4 ,a ,history of ,comprehension would involve a historical notice of the ,thirty-nine ,articles1 and the plan of ,comprehension maintained by some to be the intention of their framers4 ,it should include also distinctive sketches of the classes formerly denominated ,church ,papists and ,church ,puritans4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,testimonials ,,to ,,donkeys4 ,the following extract from an article on ,angling in ,north ,wales1 which appeared in ,the ,field newspaper of ,october #bbnd1 contains a specimen of an entirely original kind of testimonial1 which seems to me worthy of preservation in ,n4 ,q4's museum of curiosities3 ,beguiled by the treacherous representations of a certain ,mr4 ,williams1 and the high character of his donkeys1 ,i undertook the ascent of ,dunas ,bran1 and poked about among the ruins of ,crow ,castle on its summit1 where ,i found nothing of any consequence1 except an appetite for my dinner4 ,the printed paper which ,mr4 ,williams hands about1 deploring the loss of his 'character1' and testifying to the wonderful superiority of all his animals1 is rather amusing4 ,mr4 ,williams evidently never had a donkey 'what wouldn't go4' ,this paper commences with an affidavit from certain of the householders and literati of ,llangollen1 that he 'had received numerous testimonials1 all of which we are sorry to say has been lost4' ,those preserved1 however1 and immortalised in print1 suffice to establish ,mr4 ,williams' reputation3 ,mr4 ,w4 and his son and daughter bear testimony to the civility and attention of ,mr4 ,williams and his donkeys4 ,s4 ,p41 ,esquire1 attended at the ,haud ,hotel1 #bdth ,june1 #ahea1 and engaged four of ,mr4 ,williams' donkeys for the use of a party of ladies1 who expressed themselves highly gratified4 ,the animals were remarkably tractable1 and void of stupidity4 ,mrs4 ,d4 ,a4 ,b4 visited ,valle ,crucis ,abbey on the back of ,mr4 ,williams' ass1 and is well satisfied4 ,sept4 #d4 #aheb4 ,this is to certify that ,,lady ,,marshall ,is to ,donkeys very partial1 ,and no postilion in a car1 shall ,ever more her drive ,o'er all the stones2 ,on ',jenny ,jones' ,she'll ride while she's alive6 ,those who have visited ,malvern will remember the vast quantity of donkeys who rejoice in the cognomen of ,the ,royal ,moses4 ,their history is as follows3--,when the late ,queen ,dowager was at ,malvern1 she frequently ascended the hills on donkey-back2 and on all such occasions patronised a poor old woman1 whose stud had been reduced1 by a succession of misfortunes1 to a solitary donkey1 who answered to the name of ,moses4 ,at the close of her visit1 her majesty1 with that kindness of heart which was such a distinguishing trait in her character1 not only liberally rewarded the poor old woman1 but asked her if there was anything that she could do for her which would be likely to bring back her former prosperity4 ,the old woman turned the matter over in her mind1 and then said1 ,please your majesty to give a name to my donkey4 ,this her ,majesty did4 ,moses became the ,royal ,moses2 every body wanted to ride him2 the old woman's custom increased1 and when the favoured animal died 7for he is dead7 he left behind him a numerous family1 all of whom called after their father1 the ,royal ,moses4 ,,cuthbert ,,bede1 ,b4,a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,longevity ,,in ,,cleveland1 ,,yorkshire4 ,a cursory conversation with a lady in her eighty-fifth year1 now living at ,skelton in ,cleveland1 in the ,north ,riding of ,yorkshire1 when she #dhi deprecated the notion that she was one of the old inhabitants1 led me to inquire more particularly into the duration of life in that township4 ,the minister1 the ,rev4 ,w4 ,close1 who has been the incumbent since the year #ahac1 and who has had the duties to perform1 and the registers to keep1 therefore1 from about the period of the act which required the age to be stated1 now forty years ago1 was most willing to give me aid and extracts from the burial register1 from the commencement of #ahac to ,august1 #aheb1 during which period #gii persons were buried4 ,the extracts show these extraordinary facts4 ,out of the #gii persons buried in that period1 no less than #bfc1 or nearly one-third1 attained the age of #gj4 ,of these two1 viz4 ,mary ,postgate1 who died in #ahaf1 and ,ann ,stonehouse1 who died in #ahbc1 attained respectively the ages of #aja4 ,nineteen others were #ij years of age and upwards1 viz4 one was #ig1 one was #if1 one was #ie1 four were #id1 one was #ic1 five were #ib1 three were #ia1 and three were #ij4 ,between the ages of #hj and #ij there died #aji1 of whom thirty-nine were #he and upwards1 and seventy were under #he2 and between the ages of #gj and #hj there died #acc1 of whom sixty-five were #ge years and upwards1 and sixty-eight were between #gj and #ge4 ,in one page of the register containing eight names1 six were above #hj1 and in another five were above #gj4 ,in this parish of ,skelton there is now living a man named ,moon1 #ajd years old1 who is blind now1 but managed a small farm till nearly or quite #ajj2 and a blacksmith named ,robinson ,cook1 aged #ih1 who worked at his trade till ,may last4 ,in the chapelry of ,brotton1 which adjoins ,skelton township1 and has been also under the spiritual charge of ,mr4 ,close1 the longevity is even more remarkable4 ,out of #cdf persons buried since the new register came into force in #ahac1 down to #ast ,october1 #ahec1 no less than #aba1 or more than one-third1 attained the age of #gj4 ,one ,betty ,thompson1 who died in #ahcd1 was #aja2 nineteen were more than #ij1 of whom one was #ih1 two were #ig1 three were #ie1 one was #ic1 four were #ib1 five were #ia1 and three were #ij2 there were forty-four who died between #hj and #ij years old1 of whom nineteen were #he and upwards1 and twenty-five were between #hj and #he2 and there were fifty-seven who died between the ages of #gj and #hj1 of whom no less than thirty-one were #ge and upwards4 ,the average of the chapelry is increased from the circumstance that sixteen bodies of persons drowned in the sea in wrecks1 and whose ages were not of course very great1 are included in the whole number of #cdf burials4 ,that celibacy did not lessen the chance of life1 was proved by a bachelor named ,simpson1 who died at #ib1 and his maiden sister at #ia4 ,i am told that the neighbouring parish of ,upleatham has also a high character for longevity1 but ,i had not the same opportunity of examining the register as was afforded me by ,mr4 ,close4 ,and now for a ,query4 ,what other1 if any district in the north or south1 will show like or greater longevity8 ,,william ,,durrant ,,cooper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rev4 ,,josiah ,,pullen4 ,every ,oxford man regards with some degree of interest that goal of so many of his walks1 ,joe ,pullen's tree1 on ,headington ,hill4 ,so at least it was in my time1 now some thirty years since4 ,perhaps the following notices of him1 who ,i suppose planted it1 or at all events gave name to it1 may be acceptable to your ,oxford readers4 ,they are taken from that most curious collection 7alas6 too little known7 the ,pocket-books of ,tom ,hearne1 vol4 liii4 pp4 #be-ce41 now in the ,bodleian3 ,jan4 #a1 #agad-ae4 ,last night died ,mr4 ,josiah ,pullen1 ,a4,m41 minister of ,st4 ,peter's in the ,east1 and ,vice-,principal of ,magdalen ,hall4 ,he had also a parsonage in the country4 ,he was formerly domestick chaplain to ,bishop ,sanderson1 to whom he administered the sacrament at his death4 ,he lived to a very great age1 being about fourscore and three1 and was always very healthy and vigorous4 ,he was regular in his way of living1 but too close1 considering that he was a single man1 and was wealthy4 ,he seldom used spectacles1 which made him guilty of great blunders at divine service1 for he would officiate to the last4 ,he administered the ,sacrament last ,christmas ,day to a great congregation at ,st4 ,peter's1 which brought his illness upon him4 ,he took his ,b4,a4 degree ,may #bf1 #afed4 ,he became minister of ,st4 ,peter's in the ,east anno #affh1 which was the year before ,dr4 ,charlett was entered at ,oxford4--,p4 #be4 ,jan4 #g1 ,friday4 ,this day1 at four in the afternoon1 ,mr4 ,pullen was buried in ,st4 ,peter's ,church1 in the chapel at the north side of the chancell4 ,all the parishioners were invited1 and the pall was held up by six ,heads of ,houses1 though it should have been by six ,masters of ,arts1 as ,dr4 ,radcliffe's pall should have been held up by ,doctors in ,physic1 and not by ,doctors of ,divinity and ,doctors of ,law4--,p4 #cb4 ,dr4 ,radcliffe's funeral had taken place in the preceding month4 ,in ,nichols's ,literary ,anecdotes1 vol4 iv4 p4 #aha41 is the following epitaph of ,pullen1 drawn up by ,mr4 ,thomas ,wagstaffe3 ,hic jacet reverendus vir ,josia ,pullen1 ,a4,m4 ,aulae ,magd4 #eg annos vice principalis1 necnon hujusce ecclesiae ,pastor #ci annos4 ,obiit #cao ,decembris1 anno ,domini #agad1 aetatis #hd4 ,from the notice of ,thomas ,walden1 in ,johnson's ,lives of the ,poets1 it appears that ,yalden was a pupil of ,pullen4 7,see also ,walton's ,life of ,sanderson1 towards the end47 ,i hope this may elicit some farther account of a man whose name has survived so long in ,oxford memory4 #dij ,as to the tree1 ,i have some recollection of having heard that it had a few years ago a narrow escape of being thrown down1 sometime about the vice-chancellorship of ,dr4 ,symons1 who promptly came forward to the rescue4 ,was it ever in such peril8 and1 if so1 was it preserved8 ,,balliolensis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,folk ,,lore4 ,ancient ,custom in ,warwickshire4--,in ,sir ,william ,dugdale's ,diary1 under the year #afeh1 is noted the following3 ,on ,all ,hallow ,even1 the master of the family antiently used to carry a bunch of straw1 fired1 about his corne1 saying1 ',fire and red low1 ,light on my teen low4' ,can any of your readers learned in ancient lore explain the custom and the meaning of the couplet1 well as its origin8 ,does it now at all prevail in that county8 ,j4 ,b4 ,,whitborne4 ,nottinghamshire ,customs4--#a4 ,the #bith of ,may is observed by the ,notts juveniles not only by wearing the usual piece of oak-twig1 but each young loyalist is armed with a nettle1 as coarse as can be procured1 with which instrument of torture are coerced those unfortunates who are unprovided with royal oak1 as it is called4 ,some who are unable to procure it endeavour to avoid the penalty by wearing dog-oak 7maple71 but the punishment is always more severe on discovery of the imposition4 #b4 ,on ,shrove ,tuesday1 the first pancake cooked is given to ,chanticleer for his sole gratification4 #c4 ,the following matrimonial custom prevails at ,wellow or ,welley1 as it is called1 a village in the heart of the county4 ,the account is copied from the ,notts ,guardian of ,april #bh1 #ahec3 ,wellow4 ,it has been a custom from time immemorial in this parish1 when the banns of marriage are published1 for a person1 selected by the clerk1 to rise and say ',god speed them well1' the clerk and congregation responding1 ,amen6 ,owing to the recent death of the person who officiated in this ceremony1 last ,sunday1 after the banns of marriage were read1 a perfect silence prevailed1 the person chosen1 either from want of courage or loss of memory1 not performing his part until after receiving an intimation from the clerk1 and then in so faint a tone as to be scarcely audible4 ,his whispered good wishes were1 however1 followed by a hearty ,amen1 mingled with some laughter in different parts of the church4 ,i do not know whether any notices of the above have appeared in ,n4 ,q41 and send to inquire respecting #a4 and #c4 whether a similar custom holds elsewhere2 and whether #b4 has any connexion with the disused practice of cock-shying8 ,,furvus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,minor ,notes4 ,a ,centenarian ,couple4--,the obituary of ,blackwood's ,magazine for ,august1 #ahba1 contains the following3 ,lately1 in ,campbell1 ,county ,virginia1 ,mr4 ,chas4 ,layne1 sen41 aged #aba years1 being born at ,albemarle1 near ,buckingham county1 #agjj4 ,he has left a widow aged #aaj years1 and a numerous and respectable family down to the fourth generation4 ,he was a subject of four ,british sovereigns1 and a citizen of the ,united ,states for nearly forty-eight years4 ,until within a few years he enjoyed all his faculties1 and excellent health4 ,the above extract is followed by notices of the deaths of ,anne ,bryan1 of ,ashford1 co4 ,waterford1 aged #aaa2 and ,wm4 ,munro1 gardener at ,rose ,hall1 aged #ajd4 ,,cuthbert ,,bede1 ,b4,a4 ,veni1 vidi1 vici4--,to these remarkable and well-known words of the ,roman general1 ,i beg to forward two more sententious despatches of celebrated generals3 ,suwarrow4 ,slava bogu6 ,slava vam6 ,krepost ,vzala1 yiatam4 ,glory to ,god and the ,empress6 ,ismail's ours4 ,it is also stated1 ,i do not know on what authority1 that the old and lamented warrior1 ,sir ,charles ,napier1 wrote on the conquest of ,scinde1 ,peccavi4 ,perhaps some of your correspondents could add a few more pithy sentences on a like subject4 ,g4 ,,lloyd4 ,dublin4 ,autumnal ,tints4--,scarce any one can have failed to notice the unusual richness and brilliance of the autumnal tints on the foliage this year4 ,i have more particularly remarked this in ,clydesdale1 the lake districts of ,cumberland and ,westmoreland1 and in ,somersetshire and ,devonshire4 ,can any of the contributors to ,n4 ,q4 inform me if attributable to the extraordinary wetness of the season8 ,r4 ,h4 ,b4 ,variety is pleasing4--,looking over my last year's note-book1 ,i find the following morceau1 which ,i think ought to be preserved in ,n4 ,q43 ,nov4 #cj1 #ahea4 ,observed in the window of the ,shakspeare ,inn a written paper running thus3 ',to be raffled for3 ,the finding of ,moses1 and six ,fat geeze76674 ,tickets at the bar4' ,r4 ,c4 ,,warde4 ,kidderminster4 ,rome and the ,number ,six4--,it has been remarked lately in ,n4 ,q4 that in ,english history1 the reign of the second sovereign of the same name has been infelicitous4 ,i cannot turn to the #dia note ,i read1 and ,i forget whether it noticed the remarks in ,aubrey's ,miscellanies 7,london1 #hvo41 #afif71 that all the second kings since the ,conquest have been unfortunate4 ,it may be worth the while to add 7what is remarked by ,mr4 ,matthews in his ,diary of an ,invalid71 that the number six has been considered at ,rome as ominous of misfortune4 ,tarquinius ,sextus was the very worst of the ,tarquins1 and his brutal conduct led to a revolution in the government2 under ,urban the ,sixth1 the great schism of the ,west broke out2 ,alexander the ,sixth outdid all that his predecessors amongst the ,tarquins or the ,popes had ventured to do before him2 and the presentiment seemed to receive confirmation in the misfortunes of the reign of his successor ,pius ,,vi41 to whose election was applied the line3 ,semper sub sextis perdita ,roma fuit4 ,w4 ,s4 ,g4 ,newcastle-on-,tyne4 ,zend ,grammar4--,the following fragment on ,zend grammar having fallen in my way1 ,i inclose you a copy1 as the remarks contained in it may be of service to ,oriental scholars4 ,i am unable to state the author's name1 although ,i suspect the ,,ms4 to be from a highly important quarter4 ,the subject-matter1 however1 is sufficiently important to merit publication4 ,the ,zend1 of disputed authenticity1 and the ,asmani ,zuban1 a notoriously fictitious tongue1 compared4 ,it is well known that ,sanscrit words abound in ,zend2 and that some of its inflexions are formed by the rules of the ,vyacaran or ,sanscrit grammar4 ,it would therefore seem quite possible that by application of these rules a grammar might be written of the ,zend4 ,would such a composition afford any proof of the disputed point--the authenticity of the ,zend8 ,i think it would not1 and support my opinion by reasons founded on the following facts4 ,the ,asmani ,zuban of the ,desstu is most intimately allied to ,persian4 ,it is1 in fact1 fabricated out of that language1 as is shown by clear internal evidence4 ,now the grammatical structure of this fictitious tongue is identical with that of ,persian3 and hence by following the rules of ,persian grammar1 a grammar of the ,asmani ,zuban might be easily framed4 ,but would this work advance the cause of forgery1 and tend to invest it with the quality of truth8 ,no more1 ,i answer1 and for the same reason1 than is a grammar of the ,zend1 founded on the ,vyacaran1 to be received in proof of the authenticity of that language4 ,,kenneth ,r4 ,h4 ,,mackenzie4 ,the ,duke's first ,victory4--,perhaps it may interest the future author of the life of the ,duke of ,wellington to be informed of his first victory4 ,it was not in ,india1 as commonly supposed1 but on ,donnybrook ,road1 near ,dublin1 that his first laurels were won4 ,this appears from the ,freeman's ,journal1 ,september #ahth1 #aghi1 where we learn that in consequence of a wager between him and ,mr4 ,whaley of #aej guineas1 the ,hon4 ,arthur ,wesley walked from the five-mile stone on ,donnybrook ,road to the corner of the circular road in ,leeson ,street1 in fifty-five minutes1 and that a number of gentlemen rode with the walker1 whose horses he kept in a tolerable smart trot4 ,when it is recollected that those were ,irish miles1 even deducting the distance from ,leeson ,street to the ,castle1 whence the original measurements were made1 this walk must be computed at nearly six ,english miles4 ,,omicron4 ,straw ,paper4--,various papers manufactured of straw are now in the market4 ,the pen moves so easily over any and all of them1 that literary men should give them a trial4 ,as there seems considerable likelihood of this manufacture being extensively introduced1 on account of the dearness of rags1 c41 it is to be hoped that it will not be improved into the resemblance of ordinary paper4 ,time was when ordinary paper could be written on in comfort1 but that which adulterated ,falstaff's sack spoiled it for the purpose1 and converted it into limed twigs to catch the winged pen4 ,m4 ,american ,epitaph 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #bgc474--,the following lines are to be seen on a tombstone in ,virginia3 ,my name1 my country1 what are they to thee8 ,what whether high1 or low1 my pedigree8 ,perhaps ,i far surpassed all other men3 ,perhaps ,i fell behind them all--what then8 ,suffice it1 stranger1 that thou see'st a tomb1 ,thou know'st its use2 it hides--no matter whom4 ,w4 ,w4 ,malta4 99 99 99 99 99 ,queries4 ,,laurie 787 ,,on ,,currency1 ,,etc4 ,i have before me a bulky volume1 apparently unpublished1 treating of currency and of many other politico-economical affairs2 the authorship of which ,i am desirous of tracing4 ,if any reader of ,n4 ,q4 can assist my search ,i shall feel greatly obliged to him4 ,this volume extends to #icf closely printed pages1 and is altogether without divisions either of book1 chapter1 or section4 ,it has neither title-page1 conclusion1 imprint1 or date2 and my copy seems to consist of revises or clean sheets as they came from the press4 ,the main gist of the work is thus described1 apparently by the author himself1 in a ,,ms4 note which occupies the place of the title-page3 ,it is here meant to show that in civilised nations money is an emanating circulable wealth and power1 #dib without which individuals cannot go on in improvement on independent principles4 ,it resolves wealth into the forms most conducive to this object1 and prepares for the highest services both individuals and communities4 ,the book1 however1 is extremely discursive1 and no small portion of it is devoted to foreign politics4 ,thus1 of the ,eastern ,question1 the author disposes in this fashion3 ,austria1 to answer its destination1 ought to comprise ,wallachia1 ,bessarabia1 ,moldavia1 and1 following the line of demarcation drawn by the ,danube1 the whole territory at its debouchment4444 ,turkey cannot regard the sacrifices proposed as of much importance1 when such security as that now in contemplation could be obtained4 ,the whole strength of her immense empire is at present drained to support her contest on this very barrier with ,russia4 ,but that barrier1 it is evident1 would this way be effectually secured3 for ,austria has too many points of importance to protect1 to dream of creating new ones on this feeble yet extended confine of her domains4--,pp4 #hce1 #hcf4 ,from internal evidence1 the book appears to have been written between #ahab and #ahae4 ,it is printed in half-sheets1 from sig4 ,a to sig4 #f ,b1 and three half-sheets are wanting1 viz4 ,e1 #e ,q1 and #e ,r4 ,in place of the last two1 the following ,,ms4 note is inserted3 ,the speculations in the two following sheets included views that related to the disorganised state of ,turkey1 and the unhappy dependence of the ,bourbon family2 which are now1 from the changes which have taken place1 altogether unfit for publication4 ,the sole indication of the authorship which ,i have observed throughout the volume lies in the following foot-note1 at p4 #hic43 ,this is all that seems to be necessary to say on the subject of education4 ,in a treatise published by me a few years ago1 entitled ,improvements in ,glasgow1 ,i think ,i have exhausted1 c4#f ,the only treatise with such a title which ,i find in ,watt's ,bibliotheca ,britannica is thus entered3 ,,laurie1 ,david4 ,proposed improvements in ,glasgow4 ,glasg41 #ahaj1 #hvo4--,hints regarding the ,east ,india ,monopoly1 #ahac4 #bs4 ,my ,queries then are these3 #a4 ,is anything known of such a treatise on circulable wealth1 c41 as that which ,i have named8 #b4 ,is any biographical notice extant of the ,david ,laurie mentioned by ,watt8 ,i may add that the volume in question was recently purchased along with about #ajjj other pamphlets and books1 chiefly on political economy3 all of which appear to have formerly belonged to the late ,lord ,bexley1 and to have been for the most part collected by him when ,chancellor of the ,exchequer4 ,e4 ,old ,trafford1 near ,manchester4 ,footnote #f3 ,i find no mention of ,mr4 ,laurie1 or of his ,improvements in ,glasgow1 in ,cleland's ,annals of ,glasgow1 published in #ahaf1 nor is he mentioned in ,mr4 ,mc,culloch's ,literature of ,political ,economy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,donatus ,,redivivus4 ,can you1 or any of your correspondents1 give me any information relative to the history or authorship of the following pamphlet8-- ,donatus ,redivivus3 or a ,reprimand to a modern ,church-,schismatick1 for his ,revival of the ,donatistical ,heresy of ,rebaptization1 in ,defiance to the ,judgment and ,practice of the ,catholick ,church1 and of the ,church of ,england in particular4 ,in a ,letter to ,himself4 ,london1 #agad4 ,the same tract 7precisely identical1 except in the title-page7 is also to be found with the following title3 ,rebaptization condemned4 ,wherein is shown1 #a4 ,that to ,rebaptize any ,person that was once ,baptiz'd1 even by ,laymen1 in the name of the ,sacred ,trinity1 is contrary to the ,practice of the ,catholick ,church in all ,ages4 #b4 ,that it is repugnant to the ,principles and ,practice of the ,church of ,england4 #c4 ,the ,pernicious ,consequences of such a ,practice4 ,by the ,author of ,plain ,dealing1 or ,separation without ,schism1 c4 ,london1 #agaf4 ,i am aware that1 according to ,dr4 ,watt1 the author of ,plain ,dealing was ,charles ,owen1 ,d4,d41 but he makes no mention of ,donatus ,redivivus1 and ,i am unable to discover any account of ,dr4 ,charles ,owen or his writings elsewhere4 ,there appears to have been a reply to ,donatus ,redivivus1 purporting to be from the pen of a ,mrs4 ,jane ,chorlton4 ,this ,i have never seen1 and have only learned of its existence from a subsequent pamphlet with the following title3 ,the ,amazon ,disarm'd3 or1 the ,sophisms of a ,schismatical ,pamphlet1 pretendedly writ by a ,gentlewoman1 entituled ,an ,answer to ,donatus ,redivivus1 exposed and confuted2 being a further ,vindication of the ,church of ,england from the scandalous imputation of ,donatism or ,rebaptization4 ,london1 #agad4 ,the dedication of this last tract begins as follows3 ,to the ,reverend ,mr4 ,l--ter1 and the ,demi-reverend ,mr4 ,m--l--n4 ,gentlemen1 ,this letter belongs to you upon a double account1 as you were the chief ,actors in the late ,rebaptizaton1 and are the supposed ,vindicators of it1 in the ,answer to ,donatus3 a ,treatise writ in ,defence of the ,sentiments of the ,church1 which you father upon a ,dissenting ,minister1 and disingenuously point out to ,mr4 ,o----n by ,name1 c4 ,the point which ,i wish particularly to ascertain is1 whether ,dr4 ,charles ,owen was really the #dic author of either of the tracts ,i have mentioned2 and if so1 who he was1 and where ,i can find an account of him and his writings4 ,greek3 ,halieus4 ,dublin4 99 99 99 99 99 ,minor ,queries4 ,henry ,scobell4--,henry ,scobell1 compiler of a well-known ,collection of ,acts1 was for several years clerk to the ,long ,parliament4 ,i should be glad to learn what became of him after the dissolution of that assembly4 ,a ,,leguleian4 ,the ,court ,house4--,this place is situated in ,painswick1 in ,gloucestershire1 and has been described to me as an old out-of-the-way place4 ,where can ,i meet with a full description of it8 ,is the tradition that a king--supposed to be either the first or second ,charles--ever slept there true8 ,f4 ,m4 ,ash-trees attract ,lightning4--,is it true that ash-trees are more attractive to lightning than any others8 and the reason1 because the surface of the ground around is drier than round other trees8 ,c4 ,s4 ,w4 ,symbol of ,sow1 c4--,a sow suckled by a litter of young pigs is a common representation carved on the bosses of the roofs of churches4 ,what is this symbolical of8 ,f4 ,g4 ,c4 ,ottery ,st4 ,mary4 ,passage in ,blackwood4-- ,i sate1 and wept in secret the tears that men have ever given to the memory of those that died before the dawn1 and by the treachery of earth our mother4--,blackwood's ,magazine1 ,december1 #ahdi1 p4 #gb41 #crd line1 second column4 ,will some of your readers give information respecting the above words in ,italic8 ,d4 ,n4 ,o4 ,rathband ,family4--,can any of your readers assist me in distinguishing between the several members of this clerical family1 which flourished during the period of the ,commonwealth1 and immediately preceding8 ,from ,palmer's ,nonconformist ,mem4 7vol4 i4 p4 #ebj471 there was a ,mr4 ,william ,rathband1 ,m4,a41 ejected from ,southwold1 a member of ,oxford ,university1 who was brother to ,mr4 ,rathband1 sometime preacher in the ,minster of ,york1 and son of an old ,nonconformist minister1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,rathband1 who wrote against the ,brownists4--,i should feel obliged by any information which would identify them with the livings they severally held4 ,,oliver4 ,encaustic ,tiles from ,caen4--,in the town of ,caen1 in ,normandy1 is an ancient ,gothic building standing in the grounds of the ancient convent of the ,benedictines1 now used as a college4 ,this building1 which is commonly known as the ,salle des ,gardes de ,guillaume le ,conquerant1 was many years ago paved with glazed emblazoned earthenware tiles1 which were of the dimensions of about five inches square1 and one and a quarter thick2 the subjects of them are said to be the arms of some of the chiefs who accompanied ,william the ,conqueror to ,england4 ,some antiquaries said these tiles were of the age of ,william ,i42 others that they could only date from ,edward ,,iii4 ,i find it stated in the ,gentleman's ,magazine for ,march1 #aghi1 vol4 lix4 p4 #baa41 that twenty of the tiles above spoken of were taken up by the ,benedictine monks1 and sent as a present to ,charles ,chadwick1 ,esq41 ,healey ,hall1 ,lancashire1 in #aghf4 ,the rest of the tiles were destroyed by the revolutionists1 with the exception of some which were fortunately saved by the ,abbe de la ,rue and ,m4 ,p4 ,a4 ,lair1 of ,caen4 ,what ,i wish to inquire is1 firstly1 who was ,charles ,chadwick1 ,esq48 and secondly1 supposing that he is no longer living1 which ,i think from the lapse of time will be most probable1 does any one know what became of the tiles which he had received from ,france in #aghf8 ,,george ,,boase4 ,p4,s4--,the ,gentleman's ,magazine gives a plate of these tiles1 as well as a plate of some others with which another ancient building1 called ,grand ,palais de ,guillaume le ,conquerant1 was paved4 ,alverton ,vean1 ,penzance4 ,artificial ,drainage4--,can any of your correspondents refer me to a work1 or works1 giving a history of draining marshes by machines for raising the water to a higher level8 ,windmills1 ,i suppose1 were the first machines so used1 but neither ,beckmann nor ,dugdale informs us when first used4 ,i have found one mentioned in a conveyance dated #afdb1 but they were much earlier4 ,any information on the history of the drainage of the marshes near ,great ,yarmouth1 of which ,dugdale gives passing notice only1 would also be very acceptable to me4 ,e4 ,g4 ,r4 ,storms at the ,death of great ,men4--,your correspondent at ,vol4 vi41 p4 #eca41 mentions the storms which have been noticed to take place at the time of the death of many great men known to our history4 ,a list of these would be curious4 ,with a passing reference to the familiar instance of the ,crucifixion1 as connected with all history1 we may note1 as more strictly belonging to the class1 those storms that occurred at the deaths of ,the ,great ,marquis of ,montrose1 #bast ,may1 #afej2 ,cromwell1 #crd ,september1 #afeh2 ,elizabeth ,gaunt1 who was burnt #bcrd ,october1 #afhe1 and holds her reputation as the last female who suffered death for a political offence in ,england2 and ,napoleon1 #eth ,may1 #ahba2 as well as that which solemnised #did the burial of ,sir ,walter ,scott1 #bfth ,september1 #ahcb4 ,w4 ,t4 ,m4 ,hong ,kong4 ,motto or ,wylcotes' ,brass4--,in the brass of ,sir ,john ,wylcotes1 ,great ,tew ,church1 ,oxfordshire1 the following motto occurs3 ,,in 4 ,,on 4 ,,is 4 ,,al4 ,i shall feel obliged if any one of your numerous correspondents will enlighten my ignorance by explaining it to me4 ,w4 ,b4 ,d4 ,lynn4 ,trail through the leaden sky1 c4-- ,trail through the leaden sky their bannerets of fire4 ,where is this line to be found1 as applied to the spirits of the storm8 ,r4 ,c4 ,,warde4 ,kidderminster4 ,lord ,audley's ,attendants at ,poictiers4--,according to the ,french historian ,froissart1 four knights or esquires1 whose names he does not supply1 attended the brave ,lord ,audley at the memorable battle of ,poictiers1 who1 some ,english historians say1 were ,sir ,john ,delves of ,doddington1 ,sir ,thomas ,dutton of ,dutton1 ,sir ,robert ,fowlehurst of ,crewe 7all these places being in ,cheshire71 and ,sir ,john ,hawkstone of ,wrinehill in ,staffordshire2 whilst others name ,sir ,james de ,mackworth of ,mackworth in ,derbyshire1 and ,sir ,richard de ,tunstall alias ,sneyde of ,tunstall in ,staffordshire1 as two of such knights or esquires4 ,the accuracy of ,froissart as an historian has never been questioned2 and as he expressly names only four attendants on ,lord ,audley at the battle of ,poictiers1 it is extremely desirable it should be ascertained if possible which of the six above-named knights really were the companions of ,lord ,audley ,froissart alludes to2 and probably some of your learned correspondents may be able to clear up the doubts on the point raised by our historians4 ,t4 ,j4 ,worcester4 ,roman ,catholic ,bible ,society4--,about the year #ahab1 or #ahac1 a ,roman ,catholic ,bible ,society was established in ,london1 in which ,mr4 ,charles ,butler1 and many other leading gentlemen1 took a warm part4 ,how long did it continue8 ,why was it dissolved8 ,did it publish any annual reports1 or issue any book or tract1 besides an edition of the ,new ,testament in #ahae8 ,where can the fullest account of it be found8 ,will any gentleman be kind enough to sell1 or even to lend1 me ,blair's ,correspondence on the ,roman ,catholic ,bible ,society1 a pamphlet published in #ahac1 which ,i have not been able to meet with at a bookseller's shop1 and am very desirous to see4 ,,henry ,,cotton4 ,thurles1 ,ireland4 99 99 99 99 99 ,minor ,queries with ,answers4 ,vox ,populi ,vox ,dei4--,lieber1 in the last chapter of his ,civil ,liberty1 treating of this dictum1 ascribes its origin to the ,middle ,ages1 acknowledging1 however1 that he is unable to give anything very definite4 ,sir ,william ,hamilton1 in his edition of the ,works of ,thomas ,reid1 gives the concluding words of ,hesiod's ,works and ,days thus3 ,the word proclaimed by the concordant voice of mankind fails not2 for in man speaks ,god4 ,and to this the great philosopher adds3 ,hence the adage 7871 ',vox ,populi vox ,dei4' ,the sign of interrogation is ,sir ,william ,hamilton's1 and he was right to put it2 for whatever the psychological connexion between ,hesiod's dictum and ,v4 ,p4 ,v4 ,d4 may be1 there is surely no historical4 ,vox ,populi vox ,dei is a different concept1 breathing the spirit of a different age4 ,how far back1 then1 can the dictum in these very words be traced8 ,does it1 as ,lieber says1 originally belong to the election of bishops by the people8 ,or was it of ,crusade origin8 ,america begs ,europe to give her facts1 not speculation1 and hopes that ,europe will be good enough to comply with her request4 ,europe has given the serious ,v4 ,p4 ,v4 ,d4 to ,america1 so she may as well give its history to ,america too4 ,,americus4 ,as this ,query of ,,americus contains some new illustration of the history of this phrase1 we have given it insertion1 although the subject has already been discussed in our columns4 ,the writer will1 however1 find that the earliest known instances of the use of the sayings are1 by ,william of ,malmesbury1 who1 speaking of ,odo yielding his consent to be ,archbishop of ,canterbury1 ,a4,d4 #ibj1 says3 ,recogitans illud ,proverbium1 ,vox ,populi ,vox ,dei2 and by ,walter ,reynolds1 ,archbishop of ,canterbury1 who1 as we learn from ,walsingham1 took it as his text for the sermon which he preached when ,edward ,,iii4 was called to the throne1 from which the people had pulled down ,edward ,,ii4 ,,americus is farther referred to ,mr4 ,g4 ,cornewall ,lewis' ,essay on the ,influence of ,authority in ,matters of ,opinion 7pp4 #agb1 #agc41 and the accompanying notes7 for some interesting remarks upon it4 ,see farther1 ,n4 ,q41 ,vol4 i41 pp4 #cgj4 #dai4 #dib42 ,vol4 iii41 pp4 #bhh4 #cha4 ,lanquettes ,cronicles4--,of what date is the earliest printed copy of these ,chronicles8 ,the oldest ,i am acquainted with is #aefj1 in quarto 7continued up to #aedj by ,bishop ,cooper74 ,is this edition rare8 ,r4 ,c4 ,,warde4 ,kidderminster4 ,the earliest edition is that printed by ,t4 ,berthelet1 #dto41 #aedi4 ,the first two parts of this ,chronicle1 #die and the beginning of the third1 as far as the seventeenth year after ,christ1 were composed by ,thomas ,lanquet1 a young man of twenty-four years of age4 ,owing to his early death1 ,bishop ,cooper finished the work2 and his part1 which is the third1 contains almost thrice as much as ,lanquet's two parts1 being taken from ,achilles ,pyrminius4 ,when it was finished1 a surreptitious edition appeared in #aeei1 under the title of ,lanquet's ,chronicle2 hereupon the bishop protested against the vnhonest dealynge of this book1 edited by ,thomas ,crowley1 in the next edition1 entitled ,cooper's ,chronicle1 printed in the house late ,thomas ,berthelettes1 #aefj4 ,the running title to the first and second parts is1 ,lanquet's ,chronicle2 and to the third1 ,the ,epitome of ,chronicles4 ,the other editions are1 ,london1 #aeed1 #dto41 and ,london1 #aefe1 #dto4 ,we should think the edition of #aefj rare3 it was in the collections of ,mr4 ,heber and ,mr4 ,herbert4 ,in this work the following memorable passage occurs1 under the year #aedb3--,one named ,johannes ,faustius fyrste founde the crafte of printynge in the citee of ,mens in ,germanie4 ,our ,english ,milo4--,bishop ,hall extols in his ,heaven upon ,earth the valour of a countryman in a ,spanish bull-fight 7see p4 #cce41 collected ed4 ,works1 #afbb74 ,of whom does he speak8 ,r4 ,c4 ,,warde4 ,kidderminster4 ,if we may offer a conjecture1 in the passage cited the bishop seems to refer to that greatest scourge of ,spain ,sir ,walter ,raleigh1 and not so much to a bull-fight as to the ,spanish ,armada4 ,the bishop is prescribing ,expectation as a remedy for ,crosses1 and says1 ,is it not credible what a fore-resolved mind can do--can suffer8 ,could our ,english ,milo1 of whom ,spain yet speaketh1 since their last peace1 have overthrown that furious beast1 made now more violent through the rage of his baiting1 if he had not settled himself in his station1 and expected8 ,sir ,walter's fore-resolved and expectant mind was shown in the publication of his treatise1 ,notes of ,directions for the ,defence of the ,kingdom1 written three years before the ,spanish invasion of #aehh4 ,delights for ,ladies4--,i lately picked up a small volume entitled-- ,delights for ,ladies2 to adorn their ,persons1 ,tables1 ,closets1 and ,distillatories1 with ,beauties1 ,bouquets1 ,perfumes1 and ,waters4 ,reade1 practise1 and censure4 ,london1 ,robert ,young4 #afdj4 ,who is the author of this interesting little work8 ,some one has written on the fly-leaf1 ,see ,douce's ,illustrations of ,shakspeare1 vol4 i4 p4 #fi41 where there is a reference to this curious little book2 but as ,i cannot readily lay my hand on ,douce1 ,i will feel obliged for the information sought for from any of your valued correspondents4 ,,george ,,lloyd4 ,dublin4 ,the author was ,sir ,hugh ,plat1 who1 says ,harte1 not to mention his most excellent talents1 was the most ingenious husbandman of the age he lived in4 ,in a word1 no man ever discovered1 or at least brought into use1 so many new sorts of manure4 ,the ,delights for ,ladies first appeared in #afjb1 and passed through several editions4 ,douce merely quotes this work4 ,plat was the author of several other works3 see ,watt and ,lowndes4 ,burton's ,death4--,did ,burton1 author of ,anatomy of ,melancholy1 commit suicide8 ,c4 ,s4 ,w4 ,the supposition that ,robert ,burton committed suicide originated from a statement found in ,wood's ,athenae1 vol4 ii4 p4 #fec4 7,bliss74 ,wood says1 ,he1 the said ,r4 ,burton1 paid his last debt to nature in his chamber in ,christ ,church1 at or very near that time which he had some years before foretold from the calculation of his own nativity2 which1 being exact1 several of the students did not forbear to whisper among themselves that1 rather than there should be a mistake in the calculation1 he sent up his soul to heaven through a slip about his neck4 ,joannes ,audoenus4--,i shall be obliged by any notices of the personal or literary history of ,john ,owen1 the famous ,latin epigrammatist1 in addition to those furnished by the ,athenae ,oxonienses4 ,wood remarks1 that whereas he had made many epigrams on several people1 so few were made on or written to him4 ,among the few1 one by ,stradling1 and another by ,dunbar1 a ,scot1 ,i have met with one allusion to him among the epigrams of ,t4 ,bancroft1 #dto41 ,lond4 #afci1 signat4 ,a #c43 ,to the ,reader4 ,reader1 till ,martial thou hast well survey'd1 ,or ,owen's wit with ,jonson's learning weighed1 ,forbeare with thanklesse censure to accuse ,my writ of errour1 or condemne my ,muse4 ,as translators of ,audoenus1 ,wood mentions1 in #afai1 ,joh4 ,vicars1 usher of ,christ's ,hospital school1 as having rendered some select epigrams1 and ,thomas ,beck six hundred of ,owen's1 with other epigrams from ,martial and ,more1 under the title of ,parnassi ,puerperium1 #hvo41 ,lond4 #afei4 ,in addition to these ,i find1 in a catalogue of ,lilly1 ,king ,street1 ,covent ,garden1 ,no4 #d41 #ahdd3 ,,hayman1 ,robert4 ,certaine ,epigrams out of the ,first ,foure ,bookes of the excellent ,epigrammatist ,master ,john ,owen1 translated into ,english at ,harbor ,grace in ,bristol's ,hope1 anciently called ,newfoundland1 #dto41 unbound2 a rare poetical tract1 #afbh1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,balliolensis4 ,the personal and literary history of ,john ,owen 7,audoenus7 is given in the ,biographia ,britannica1 vol4 v41 and in ,chalmers' and ,rose's ,biographical ,dictionaries4 ,hampden's ,death4--,was the great patriot ,hampden actually slain by the enemy on ,chalgrove ,field8 or was his death1 as some have asserted1 #dif caused by the bursting of his own pistol1 owing to its having been incautiously overcharged8 ,t4 ,j4 ,worcester4 ,see the ,gentleman's ,magazine for ,may1 #ahae1 p4 #cie41 for ,a true and faithfull ,narrative of the ,death of ,master ,hambden1 who was mortally wounded at ,challgrove ,fight1 ,a4,d4 #afdc1 and on the #ahth of ,june4 ,from this narrative we learn1 that whilst ,hampden was fighting against ,prince ,rupert at ,chalgrove ,field1 he was struck with two carbine-balls in the shoulder1 which broke the bone1 and terminated fatally4 99 99 99 99 99 ,replies4 ,,pinece ,,with ,a ,,stink4 7,vol4 viii41 pp4 #bgj4 #cej47 ,i would not have meddled with this subject if ,r4 ,g41 getting on a wrong scent1 had not arrived at the very extraordinary conclusion that ,bramhall meant a pinnace1 and an offensive composition well known to sailors6 ,the earliest notice that ,i have met with of the pinece in an ,english work1 is in the second part of the ,secrets of ,maister ,alexis of ,piemont1 translated by ,w4 ,warde1 ,lond4 #aefh4 ,there ,i find the following secrets--worth knowing1 too1 if effective3 ,against stinking vermin called ,punesies4--,if you rub your bedsteede with squilla stamped with vinaigre1 or with the leaves of cedar tree sodden in oil1 you shall never feel punese4 ,also if you set under the bed a payle full of water the puneses will not trouble you at all4 ,butler1 in the first canto of the third part of ,hudibras1 also mentions it thus3 ,and stole his talismanic louse-- ,his flea1 his morpion1 and punaise4 ,if the ,querist refers to his ,french dictionary he will soon discover the meaning of morpion and punaise--the latter without doubt the pinece of ,bishop ,bramhall4 ,cotgrave1 in his ,french-,english ,dictionary1 ,london1 #afej1 defines punaise to be the noysome and stinking vermin called the bed punie4 ,it may be bad taste to dwell any longer on this subject2 but as it illustrates a curious fact in natural history1 and as it has been well said1 that whatever the ,almighty has thought proper to create is not beneath the study of mankind1 ,i shall crave a word or two more4 ,the pinece is not originally a native of this country2 and that is the reason why1 so many years after its first appearance in ,england1 it was known only by a corruption of its ,french name punaise1 or its ,german appellation wandlaus 7wall-louse74 ,penny1 a celebrated physician and naturalist in the reign of ,henry ,,vii41 discovered it at ,mortlake in rather a curious manner4 ,mouffet1 in his ,theatrum ,insectorum 7,lond4 #afcd71 thus relates the story3 ,anno #aejc1 dum haec ,pennio scriptitaret1 ,mortlacum ,tamesin adjacentem viculum1 magna festinatione accersebatur ad duas nobiles1 magno metu ex cimicum vestigiis percussas1 et quid nescio contagionis valde veritas4 ,tandem recognita1 ac bestiolis captis1 risu timorem omnem excussat4 ,mouffet also tells us that in his time the insect was little known in ,england1 though very common on the ,continent1 a circumstance which he ascribes to the superior cleanliness of the ,english3 ,munditiem frequentemque lectulorum et culcitrarem lotionem1 cum ,galli1 ,germani1 et ,itali minus curant1 pariunt magis hane pestem1 ,angli autem munditei et cultus studiosissimi rarius iis laborant4 ,ray1 in his ,historia ,insectorum1 published in #agaj1 merely terms it the punice or wall-louse2 indeed1 ,i am not aware that the modern name of the insect appears in print previous to #agcj1 when one ,southal published ,a ,treatise of ,buggs4 ,southal appears to have been an illiterate person2 and he erroneously ascribes the introduction of the insect into this country to the large quantities of foreign fir used to rebuild ,london after the ,great ,fire4 ,the word bug1 signifying a frightful object or spectre1 derived from the ,celtic and the root of bogie1 bug-aboo1 bug-bear--is well known in our earlier literature4 ,spenser1 ,shakspeare1 ,milton1 ,beaumont and ,fletcher1 ,holinshed and many others1 use it2 and in ,matthew's ,bible1 the fifth verse of the ninety-first psalm is rendered3 ,thou shalt not nede to be afraid of any bugs by night4 ,thus we see that a real terror of the night in course of time1 assumed1 by common consent1 the title of the imaginary evil spirit of our ancestors4 ,one word more4 ,i can see no difficulty in tracing the derivation of the word humbug1 without going to ,hamburg1 ,hume of the ,bog1 or any such distant sources4 ,in ,grose's ,dictionary of the ,vulgar ,tongue1 ,i find the word hum signifying deceive4 ,peter ,pindar1 too1 writes writes3 ,full many a trope from bayonet and drum ,he threaten'd but behold6 'twas all a hum4 ,now1 the rustic who frightens his neighbour with a turnip lanthorn and a white sheet1 or the spirit-rapping medium1 who1 for a consideration1 treats his verdant client with a communication from the unseen world1 most decidedly humbugs him2 that is1 hums or deceives him with an imaginary spirit1 or bug4 ,w4 ,,pinkerton4 ,ham4 ,i take it that the editor of ,archbishop ,bramhall's ,works was judicious in not altering the #dig word pinece to pinnace1 as an object very different from the latter was meant2 i4 e4 a cimex1 who certainly revenges any attack upon his person with a stink4 ,pinece is only a mistaken orthography of punese1 the old ,english name of the obnoxious insect our neighbours still call a punaise 7see ,cotgrave in voce74 ,florio says ,cimici1 a kinde of vermine in ,italie that breedeth in beds and biteth sore1 called punies or wall-lice4 ,we have it in fitting company in ,hudibras1 ,,iii4 #a43 ,and stole his talismanic louse1 ,his flea1 his morpion1 and punese4 ,this is only one more instance of the danger of altering the orthography1 or changing an obsolete word1 the meaning of which is not immediately obvious4 ,the substitution of pinnace would have been entirely to depart from the meaning of the ,archbishop4 ,s4 ,w4 ,s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,monumental ,,brasses ,,abroad4 7,vol4 vi41 p4 #afg47 ,a recent visit to the cathedral of ,aix-la-,chapelle enables me to add the following ,notes to the list already published in ,n4 ,q4 ,the brasses are five in number1 and are all contained in a chapel on the north-west side of the dome3 #a4 ,arnoldus de ,meroide1 #adhg1 is a mural1 rectangular plate 7#c' 4 #aj x #b' 4 #d71 on the upper half of which are engraved the ,virgin and ,child1 to whom an angel presents a kneeling priest1 and ,st4 ,bartholomew with knife and book4 #b4 ,johannes ,pollart1 #aecd1 is also mural and rectangular 7#e' 4 #b-a_/b x #b' 4 #d71 but is broken into two unequal portions1 now placed side by side4 ,the upper half of the larger piece has the following engraving3--,in the centre stands the ,virgin1 wearing an arched imperial crown4 ,angels swing censers above her head4 ,st4 ,john ,baptist1 on her right hand1 presents a kneeling priest in surplice and alb2 and ,st4 ,christopher bears the mysterious ,child on her left4 ,the lower half contains part of the long inscription which is completed on the smaller detached piece4 #c4 ,johannes et ,lambertus ,munten1 #aedf4 ,this is likewise mural and rectangular 7#b' 4 #aa-a_/b x #b' 4 #a74 ,it is painted a deep blue colour1 and has an inscription in gilt letters1 at the foot of which is depicted an emaciated figure1 wrapped in a shroud and lying upon an altar-tomb3 large worms creep round the head and feet4 #d4 ,johannes ,paiel1 #aefj4 ,mural1 rectangular 7#c' 4 #d x #b' 4 #d-a_/d74 ,this is painted as the last-mentioned plate1 and represents the ,virgin and ,child in a flaming aureole4 ,her feet rest in a crescent1 around which is twisted a serpent2 on her right hand stand ,st4 ,john ,baptist and the ,holy ,lamb1 each bearing a cross2 and to her left is ,st4 ,mary ,magdalene1 who presents a kneeling priest4 #e4 ,henricus de 4444 ,this is on the floor in front of the altar-rails1 and consists of a rectangular plate 7#b' 4 #i x #b' 4 #a71 on which is represented an angel wearing a surplice and a stole semee of crosses fitchee1 and supporting a shield bearing three fleurs-de-lis1 with as many crosses fitchee4 ,a partially-effaced inscription runs round the plate1 within a floriated margin1 and with evangelistic symbols at the corners4 ,in the centre of the choir of ,cologne ,cathedral lies a modern rectangular brass plate 7#h' 4 #aj x #c' 4 #aa7 to the memory of a late archbishop1 ,ferdinandus ,augustus1 #ahce4 ,beneath a single canopy is a full-length picture of the archbishop in eucharistic vestments 7the stole unusually short71 a pall over his shoulders1 and an elaborate pastoral staff in his hand4 ,,josiah ,,cato4 ,kennington4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,milton',s ,,lycidas4 7,vol4 ii41 p4 #bdf42 ,vol4 vi41 p4 #adc47 ,your correspondent ,,jarltzberg1 at the first reference1 asks for the sense of the passage1-- ,besides what the grim wolf with privy paw ,daily devours apace1 and nothing sed3 ,but that two-handed engine at the door ,stands ready to smite once1 and smite no more4 ,my own view of this passage strongly testifies against the interpretation of another passage at the second reference4 ,the two-handed engine1 ,i am positive1 is ,st4 ,michael's sword4 ,farther on in the poem the bard addresses the angel ,st4 ,michael 7according to ,warton71 who is conceived as guarding the ,mount from enemies with a drawn sword1 for in this form ,i apprehend does tradition state the vision to have been seen2 and he bids him to desist from looking out for enemies towards the coast of ,spain1 and to look homeward1 at one of his own shepherds who is being washed ashore1 in all probability upon this very promontory4 ,milton elsewhere 7,par4 ,lost1 book vi4 #bea47 speaks of the huge two-handed sway of this sword of ,st4 ,michael2 and here1 in ,lycidas he repeats the epithet to identify the instrument which is to accomplish the destruction of the wolf4 ,st4 ,michael's sword is to smite off the head of ,satan1 who at the door of ,christ's fold is1 with privy paw1 daily devouring the hungry sheep4 ,note here that1 according to some theologians1 the archangel ,michael1 in prophecy1 means ,christ himself4 7,see the authorities quoted by ,heber1 ,bampton ,lectures1 iv4 note l1 p4 #bdb47 ,hence it is ,his business to preserve ,his own sheep4 ,in the ,apocalypse the final blow of ,st4 ,michael's 7or ,christ's7 two-edged sword1 which #dih is to cleave the serpent's head1 is made a distinct subject of prophecy4 7,see ,rev4 xii4 #g-aj47 ,while on this subject allow me to ask1 ,can a dolphin waft8 ,can a shore wash8 ,c4 ,,mansfied ,,ingleby4 ,birmingham4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,school ,,libraries4 7,vol4 viii41 pp4 #bbj4 #cie47 ,in returning thanks to those of your correspondents who replied to my ,query1 ,i ought1 perhaps1 to have begged to learn such of our public schools that were without libraries1 as the best means of obtaining for them bequests or gifts that would form a nucleus of a good library4 ,for example1 a correspondent informs me that the governors of ,queen ,elizabeth's ,grammar ,school1 ,wimborne1 ,dorset1 are laying by #ajl4 a year towards the purchase of books for that purpose3 that having no library at present1 there now is a favourable opportunity for either a gift or a bequest3 but ,i should in any case prefer a selection of works likely to prove readable for young people1 as history1 biography1 travels1 and the popular works of science4 ,i can quite imagine that ,eton1 ,winchester1 ,westminster1 ,harrow1 ,shrewsbury1 and other similar great schools1 would have such libraries1 but these are not half the number of our public foundations2 the wealthy schools above mentioned1 and the rich men's children who go to them1 would be in a sad plight indeed were they not amply provided for in such matters4 ,but there are others whose mission is not less important1 perhaps more so2 and on this head none would be better pleased than ,i to find ,i laboured under an erroneous impression1 as remarked by ,,etonensis4 ,the ,english public appeared to have an erroneous impression that they were better provided with books than any other people a short time ago1 till it was disproved when the agitation respecting parochial libraries was set on foot1 the facts appearing on the institution of the ,marylebone public library4 ,it has been shown that in ,france and ,germany the public libraries1 and the volumes in them1 far exceed any that we possess2 a strange fact1 when we are better provided with standard authors than any other language in the world4 ,i should much wish these brief parallels answered4 ,the city of ,lyons has a magnificent public library of #ajj1jjj vols41 open to all2 how many has her rival ,manchester8 ,boulogne has a public library of #af1jjj vols42 how many has ,southampton8 ,from the obliging notices of correspondents in ,n4 ,q41 we have had several articles on parochial libraries1 and the sum of the whole appears to be most miserable2 surely some bad system has prevailed either in not having proper places for them1 or in some other fault4 ,in one place the resident clergyman sells them3 surely if they were combined under some enlarged plan1 people desirous of making bequests or gifts would do so very willingly when they knew they would be cared for and made use of2 for it is probably the case that private libraries are more numerous here than abroad1 and that there are altogether more books in the country4 ,i am told by a correspondent that in his time there were no books at ,christ's ,hospital1 therefore the bequest made is1 ,i presume1 a late one2 and if such is the case1 it will be a favourable opportunity for the governors of that school to enlarge the collection and make it available to the scholars4 ,if1 therefore1 our schools are no better provided than our public libraries1 the inquiry may be of service2 but if they are1 it cannot do harm to know their condition4 ,it is true ,i have heard of but one public school hitherto that has no library and wants one1 but ,i shall remain unsatisfied till other returns make their appearance in ,n4 ,q4 or privately1 when1 if it should appear ,i have taken a wrong opinion1 ,i shall be as please as anybody else to find myself mistaken4 ,,weld ,,taylor4 ,bayswater4 ,in answer to your correspondent ,,mr4 ,,weld ,,taylor',s ,query on this subject1 may ,i be allowed to say that at ,tonbridge ,school1 where ,i was educated1 there is a very good general library1 consisting of the best classical works in our own language1 travels1 chronicles1 histories1 and the best works of fiction and poetry1 and ,i believe all modern periodicals4 ,this library is under the care of the head boy for the time being1 and he1 with the other monitors1 acts as librarian4 ,books are given out1 ,i believe1 daily2 the library is maintained by the boys themselves1 and few leave the school without making some contribution to its funds1 or placing some work on its shelves4 ,the head master1 the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,welldon1 approves of all books before they are added to the library4 ,there is also what is called the ,sunday ,library1 consisting of standard works of theology and church history1 and other works1 chiefly presented by the head and other masters1 to induce a taste for such reading4 ,i am sorry that ,,mr4 ,,weld ,,taylor should have to complain of the general ignorance of public schoolboys2 but ,i know ,i may on behalf of the head boy of ,tonbridge say1 he will be happy to acknowledge any contribution from ,,mr4 ,,weld ,,taylor1 which he may be disposed to give1 towards the removal of this charge4 ,g4 ,,brindley ,,acworth4 ,star ,hill1 ,rochester4 #dii 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cawdray',s ,,treasurie ,,of ,,similies1 ,,and ,,simile ,,of ,,magnetic ,,needle4 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #chf47 ,there can be no doubt as to the authorship of the ,store-house of ,similies4 ,the work is now before me1 and the title-page is as follows3 ,a ,treasurie or ,store-house of ,similies2 both ,pleasaunt1 ,delightfull1 and ,profitable for all ,estates of ,men in ,generall3 newly collected into ,heades and ,common ,places4 ,by ,robert ,cawdray4 ,london3 printed by ,thomas ,creede1 #afji4 ,the only reference to his ,life1 which ,i can find1 is in ,the ,epistle ,dedicatorie2 and two ancestors of mine1 ,sir ,john ,harington1 ,knight1 and the ,worshipful ,james ,harington1 ,esquire1 his brother1 in which1 when assigning his reasons for the ,dedication1 he says3 ,calling to mind 7right worshipfuls7 not only the manifold curtesies and benefits1 which ,i found and received1 now more than thirty years ago1 when ,i taught the grammar schoole at ,okeham in ,rutland1 and sundry times since1 of the religious and virtuous lady1 ,lucie ,harington1 c4 ,the ,dedication is subscribed ,robert ,cawdray4 ,cawdray was also the author of a work ,on the ,profit and ,necessity of ,catechising1 ,london1 #aeib1 #hvo4 ,e4 ,c4 ,,harington4 ,the ,close1 ,exeter4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,epistle ,dedicatorie1 as well as the title-page1 appears to be wanting in ,j4 ,h4 ,s4's copy of ,robert ,cawdray's ,store-house1 which was printed by ,thomas ,creede1 ,london1 #afji4 ,from this we find that it was dedicated to his singular benefactors1 ,sir ,john ,harington1 ,knight1 as also to the ,worshipfull ,james ,harington1 ,esquire1 his brother1 whose great kindness and favourable good will 7during my long trouble1 and since7 the author afterwards calls to mind1 and also the manifold curtesies and benefites which ,i found and received1 now more than thirtie years agoe 7when ,i taught the ,grammar ,school at ,okeham in ,rutland1 and sundrie times since7 of the religious and vertuous lady1 ,lucie ,harington your ,worship's ,mother1 and my especial friend in the ,lord4 ,would this be the lady1 a prudent woman1 who had the princess ,elizabeth committed to her government 7vide ,fuller's ,worthies1 ,rutlandshire78 ,j4 ,h4 ,s4's ,query recalls two examples of the magnetic needle simile 7,vol4 vi4 and vii4 passim71 which ,cawdray has garnered in his ,store-house1 and which fact would probably account for their appearance in many sermons of the period1 as the book being expressly intended to lay open1 rip up1 and display in their kindes1 verie manie most horrible and foule vices and dangerous sinnes of all sorts2 and the verie fitte similitudes being for the most part borrowed from manie kindes and sundrie naturall things1 both in the ,olde and ,new ,testament1 and being as the writer says for preachers profitable1 would find a place on many a clerical shelf2 and its contents be freely used to learnedly beautifie their matter1 and brauely garnish and decke out their discourses4 ,i fear that ,i have already encroached too much on your valuable space1 but send copies for use at discretion4 ,in the first1 the ,sayler's ,gnomon is used as an emblem of the constancy which ought to animate every ,christian man2 and in the second1 of steadfastness amidst the temptations of the world4 ,i shall be glad to know more of ,cawdray than the trifles ,i have gathered from his book3 ,euen as the ,sayler's ,gnomon1 or rule1 which is commonly called the mariner's needle1 doth alwayes looke towards the north poole1 and will euer turne towards the same1 howsoeuer it bee placed3 which is maruellous in that instrument and needle1 whereby the mariners doo knowe the course of the windes3 ,euen so euerie ,christian man ought to direct the eyes of his minde1 and the wayes of his heart1 to ,christ2 who is our north poole1 and that fixed and constant north starre1 whereby we ought all to bee governed3 for hee is our hope and our trust2 hee is our strength1 whereupon wee must still relie4 ,like as the ,gnomon dooth euer beholde the north starre1 whether it be closed and shutte uppe in a coffer of golde1 siluer1 or woode1 neuer loosing his nature3 ,so a faithfull ,christian man1 whether hee abound in wealth1 or bee pinched with pouertie1 whether hee bee of high or lowe degree in this worlde1 ought continually to haue his faith and hope surely built and grounded uppon ,christ3 and to haue his heart and minde fast fixed and settled in him1 and to follow him through thicke and thinne1 through fire and water1 through warres and peace1 through hunger and colde1 through friendes and foes1 through a thousand perilles and daungers1 through the surges and waues of enuie1 malice1 hatred1 euill speeches1 rayling sentences1 contempt of the worlde1 flesh1 and diuell3 and1 euen in death itselfe1 bee it neuer so bitter1 cruell1 and tyrannicall2 yet neuer to loose the sight and viewe of ,christ1 neuer to giue ouer our faith1 hope1 and trust in him4 ,,sigma4 ,stockton4 99 99 99 99 99 ,robert ,cawdray1 the author of ,a ,treasurie or ,store-house of ,similes1 was a ,nonconformist divine of learning and piety4 ,having entered into the sacred function about #aeff1 he was presented by ,secretary ,cecil to the rectory of ,south ,luffenham in ,rutlandshire4 ,after he had been employed in the ministry about twenty years1 he was cited before ,bishop ,aylmer and other high commissioners1 and charged with having omitted parts of the ,book of ,common ,prayer in public worship1 #ejj and with having preached against certain things contained in the book4 ,having refused1 according to ,strype1 to take the oath to answer all such articles as the commissioners should propose1 he was deprived of his ministerial office4 ,mr4 ,brook1 however1 in his ,lives of the ,puritans1 states that though he might at first have refused the oath1 yet that he afterwards complied1 and gave answers to the various articles which he proceeds to detail at length4 ,he was cited again on two subsequent occasions2 and1 on his third appearance1 being required to subscribe1 and to wear the surplice1 he refused1 and was imprisoned1 and ultimately deprived4 ,he applied to ,lord ,burleigh to intercede on his behalf1 and his lordship warmly espoused his cause1 and engaged ,attorney ,morrice to undertake his defence1 but his arguments proved ineffectual4 ,mr4 ,cawdray1 refusing to submit1 was brought before ,archbishop ,whitgift1 and other high commissioners1 ,may #ad1 #aeij1 and was degraded and deposed from the ministry and made a mere layman4 ,the above account is abridged from ,brook's ,lives of the ,puritans1 ,london1 #ahac1 pp4 #dcj-dc4 ,greek3 ,halieus4 ,dublin4 ,p4 ,s4 ,besides the ,treasurie of ,similies1 ,i find the following work under his name in the ,bodleian ,catalogue3 ,a ,table ,alphabeticall2 conteyning and teaching the ,true ,writing and ,vnderstanding of hard vsuall ,english ,wordes1 borrowed from the ,hebrew1 ,greeke1 ,latine1 or ,french1 c4 ,london4 #hvo4 #afjd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the title of this work is-- ,a ,treasurie or ,store-house of ,similies2 both ,pleasant1 ,delightfull1 and ,profitable for all ,estates of ,men in ,generall3 newly collected into ,heades and ,common ,places4 ,by ,robert ,cawdray4 ,thomas ,creed1 ,london1 #afji1 #dto4 ,cawdray was rector of ,south ,luffenham1 in ,rutland2 and was deprived by ,bishop ,aylmer for nonconformity in #aehg4 ,he appealed to the ,court of ,exchequer1 and his case was argued before all the judges in #aeia4 ,a report of the trial is in ,coke's ,reports1 inscribed ,de ,jure ,regis ,ecclesiastico4 ,there is a ,life of ,cawdray in ,brook's ,lives of the ,puritans 7vol4 i4 pp4 #dcj-ddc471 which contains an interesting account of his examination before the ,high ,commission1 extracted from a ,,ms4 register4 ,notices of him will also be found in ,neal's ,puritans1 #ahcg 7vol4 i4 pp4 #ccj4 #cda472 and ,heylin's ,history of the ,presbyterians1 #afgb 7fol4 p4 #cag474 ,,john ,i4 ,,dredge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mary1 ,,weep ,,no ,,more ,,for ,,me4 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #che47 ,for the following information respecting the author1 and the original1 ,i am indebted to the ,lady's ,magazine of #ahbj1 from which ,i copied it several years ago4 ,mr4 ,joseph ,lowe1 born at ,kenmore in ,galloway1 #agej1 the son of a gardener1 at fourteen apprenticed to a weaver1 by persevering diligence in the pursuit of knowledge1 was enabled in #agga to enter himself a student in ,divinity in the ,university of ,edinburgh4 ,on his return from college he became tutor in the family of a gentleman1 ,mr4 ,mc,ghie of ,airds1 who had several beautiful daughters1 to one of whom he was attached1 though it never was their fate to be united4 ,another of the sisters1 ,mary1 was engaged to a surgeon1 ,mr4 ,alexander ,miller4 ,this young gentleman was unfortunately lost at sea1 an event immortalised by ,mary's ,dream4 ,the author was unhappy in his marriage with a lady of ,virginia1 whither he had emigrated1 and died in #agih4 ,this poem was originally composed in the ,scottish dialect1 and afterwards received the polished ,english form from the hand of its author4 ,,mary',s ,,dream4 ,the lovely moon had climb'd the hill1 ,where eagles big aboon the ,dee1 ,and1 like the looks of a lovely dame1 ,brought joy to every body's ee3 ,a' but sweet ,mary deep in sleep1 ,her thoughts on ,sandy far at sea2 ,a voice drapt saftly on her ear-- ',sweet ,mary1 weep nae mair for me6' ,she lifted up her waukening een1 ,to see from whence the sound might be1 ,and there she saw young ,sandy stand1 ,pale1 bending on her his hollow ee4 ',o ,mary dear1 lament nae mair6 ,i'm in death's thraws aneath the sea3 ,thy weeping makes me sad in bliss1 ,sae ,mary1 weep nae mair for me6 ',the wind slept when we left the bay1 ,but soon it waked and raised the main2 ,and ,god he bore us down the deep-- ,wha strave wi' him1 but strave in vain4 ,he stretch'd his arm and took me up1 ,tho' laith ,i was to gang but thee3 ,i look frae heaven aboon the storm1 ,sae ,mary1 weep nae mair for me6 ',take aff thae bride-sheets frae thy bed1 ,which thou hast faulded down for me1 ,unrobe thee of thy earthly stole-- ,i'll meet in heaven aboon wi' thee4' ,three times the gray cock flapp'd his wing1 ,to mark the morning lift his ee2 ,and thrice the passing spirit said1 ',sweet ,mary1 weep nae mair for me6' ,j4 ,w4 ,,thomas4 ,dewsbury4 99 99 99 99 99 #eja ,,photographic ,,correspondence4 ,clouds in ,photographs 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #dea474--,your correspondent on this subject may easily produce clouds on paper negatives by drawing in the lights on the back with common writing ink4 ,there is usually some tint printed with all negatives1 therefore the black used will stop it out4 ,it is at the same time unfair and untrue to the art1 because clouds cannot be represented in the regular mode of practice4 ,if they appear1 as they do sometimes by accident1 it is well to leave them2 but in no art is any trick so easily detected as in photography1 and it cannot add to any operator's credit in expertness to practise them4 ,w4 ,t4 ,albumenized ,paper4--,in a late ,number of ,n4 ,q4 you published an account of albumenizing paper for positives by ,,mr4 ,,shadbolt4 ,having considerable experience in the manipulation of photographical art1 ,i have bestowed great pains in testing the process he recommends2 and1 ,i regret to say1 the results are by no means satisfactory4 ,i well know the delicacy which is required in applying the albumen evenly to the surface of the paper1 and am therefore not surprised to find that each of his longitudinal strokes remains clearly indicated1 thereby entirely destroying the effect of the picture4 ,he also advises that the paper should not be afterwards ironed1 as it is apt to produce flaws and spots on the albumenized surface2 and he believes that the chemical action of the nitrate of silver alone is sufficient to coagulate the albumen1 without the application of heat4 ,this ,i have found in practice to be incorrect3 for when ,i have excited albumenized paper1 to which a sufficient heat has not been applied1 ,i have invariably observed that a portion of the albumen becomes detached into the silver solution1 making it viscid1 and favouring its decomposition4 ,consequently1 the sheets last excited seldom retain their colour so long as those which are first prepared4 ,but even laying aside the question of the coagulation of the albumen1 the paper1 unless it is ironed1 remains so cockled up1 that it is not only unsightly1 but very difficult to use4 #ajj-;grain solution of nitrate of silver 7,i presume to the ounce7 is also recommended4 ,in a late ,number1 ,i find ,,dr4 ,,diamond uses a #dj-;grain solution with perfect success2 and my own experience enables me to verify this formula as being sufficiently powerful3--no additional intensity of colour being obtained by these strong solutions1 it is a mere waste of material4 ,therefore ,i think your correspondent fails in effecting either economy of material or time4 ,however painful it may be to me to offer remarks at variance with the opinions of your kind and intelligent correspondents1 yet ,i consider it a duty that yourself and readers should not be misled1 and so interesting and elegant an art as photography brought into disrepute by experiments which1 however well intentioned1 plainly indicate a want of experience4 ,k4 ,n4 ,m4 ,,mr4 ,,shadbolt',s scientific acquirements appeared to us to demand that we should give insertion to his plan of albumenizing paper3 although we felt some doubts whether it did not contain the disadvantages which our correspondent now points out4 ,we had met with such complete success in following out the process recommended by ,,dr4 ,,diamond in our #bjeth ,number1 that we did not think it advisable to make any alteration4 ,for our own experience has shown us the wisdom1 in photography as in other matters1 of holding fast that which is good4--,,ed4 ,stereoscopic ,angles4--,notwithstanding the space you have devoted to this subject1 ,i find little practical information to the photographer3 will you therefore allow me to presume to offer you my mode1 which1 regardless of all scientific rules1 ,i find to be perfectly successful in obtaining the desired results8 ,my focussing-glass is ruled with a few perpendicular and horizontal lines with a pencil1 and ,i also cross it from corner to corner1 which marks the centre of the glass4 ,these lines always allow me to place my camera level1 because the perpendicular lines being parallel with any upright line secures it4 ,having taken a picture1 ,i note well the spot of some object near the centre of the picture3 thus1 if a window or branch of a tree be upon the spot where the lines cross ,cross lines1 ,i remove the camera in a straight line about one foot for every ten yards distance from the subject1 and bring the same object to the same spot3 ,i believe it is not very important if the camera is moved more or less4 ,this may be known and practised by many of your friends2 but ,i am sure others make a great difficulty in effecting those satisfactory results which1 as ,i have shown1 may be so easily obtained4 ,h4 ,w4 ,d4 ,photographic ,copies of ,,mss4--,i am glad to find from your ,notices to ,correspondents in ,vol4 viii41 p4 #def41 that the applicability of photography to the copying of ,,mss41 or printed leaves1 is beginning to excite attention4 ,the facility and cheapness of thus applying it 7as ,i have been informed by a professional photographer7 is so great1 that ,i have no doubt but that we shall shortly have it used in our great public libraries2 so as to supersede the present slow1 expensive1 and uncertain process of copying by hand4 ,and it is in order to help to bring about so desirable a state of things1 that ,i send these few lines to your widely-circulated journal4 ,m4 ,d4 99 99 99 99 99 #ejb ,replies to ,minor ,queries4 ,lord ,cecil's ,memorials 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #ddb474--;,cecil's ,first ,memorial is printed in ,lord ,somers's ,tracts4 ,it appears that ,primate ,ussher1 and1 subsequently1 ,sir ,james ,ware and his son ,robert1 had the benefit of extracts from ,lord ,burleigh's papers4 ,,mr4 ,,bruce may find the ,examination of the celebrated ,faithfull ,comine1 and ,lord ,cecyl's ,letters1 together with other interesting documents1 entered among the ,clarendon ,,mss4 in ,pars altera of the second volume of ,catal4 ,lib4 ,manuscr4 ,angl4 et ,hib41 ,oxon4 #afig4 ,r4 ,g4 ,foreign ,medical ,education 7,vol4 viii41 pp4 #cda4 #cih474--;,in addition to the previous communications on this subject1 ,i beg to refer your correspondent ,,medicus to ,mr4 ,wilde's ,austria2 its ,literary1 ,scientific1 and ,medical ,institutions1 with ,notes on the ,state of ,science1 and a ,guide to the ,hospitals and ,sanitary ,institutions of ,vienna1 ,dublin3 ,curry and ,co41 #ahdb4 ,j4 ,d4 ,,mck4 ,encyclopaedias 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #che474--,surely there must be many persons who sympathise with ,,encyclopaedicus in wishing to have a work not encumbered and swollen by the heavy and bulky articles to which he refers3 perhaps there may be as many as would make it worth the while of some publisher to furnish one4 ,of course copyright1 and all sorts of rights1 must be respected but that being done1 there would be little else to do than to cut out and wheel away the heavy articles from a copy of any encyclopaedia1 and put the rest into the hands of a printer4 ,the residuum 7which is what we want7 would probably be to a considerable extent the same4 ,when necessary additions had been made1 the work would still be of moderate size and price4 ,n4 ,b4 ,pepys's ,grammar 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #dff474--;,i am unable to answer ,,mr4 ,,keightley',s ,query1 not having the slightest knowledge of short-hand2 but ,i always understood that the original spelling of every word in the ,diary was carefully preserved by the gentleman who decyphered it4 ,no estimate1 however1 of ,pepys's powers of writing can be formed from the hasty entries recorded in his short-hand journal1 and1 as ,i conceive1 they derive additional interest from the quaint terms in which they are expressed4 ,,braybrooke4 ,antiquitas ,saeculi ,juventus ,mundi 7,vols4 ii4 and iii4 passim74--,the following instances of this thought occur in two writers of the seventeenth century3 ,those times which we term vulgarly they ,old ,world1 were indeed the youth or adolescence of it 444 if you go to the age of the world in general1 and to the true length and longevity of things1 we are properly the older cosmopolites4 ,in this respect the cadet may be termed more ancient than his elder brother1 because the world was older when he entered into it4 ,nov4 #b1 #afdg4--;,howell's ,letters1 #aath edit43 ,london1 #aged1 p4#dbf4 ,butler1 in his character of ,an ,antiquary1 observes3 ,he values things wrongfully upon their antiquity1 forgetting that the most modern are really the most ancient of all things in the world2 like those that reckon their pounds before their shillings and pence1 of which they are made up4--,thyer's edit41 vol4ii4 p4 #ig4 ,,jarltzberg4 ,napoleon's ,spelling 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #chf74--,the fact inquired after by ,,henry ,h4 ,,breen is proved by the following extract from the ,memoires of ,bourrienne1 ,napoleon's private secretary for many years3 ,je previens une fois pour toutes que dans les copies que je donnerai des ecrits de ,bonaparte1 je retablirai l'orthographe1 qui est en general si extraordinairement estropiee qu'il serait ridicule de les copier exactement4--,mem4 i4 #gc4 ,c4 ,black as a mourning ,colour 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #daa474--,mourning habits are said first to appear in ,england in the time of ,edward ,,iii4 ,chaucer and ,froissart are the first who mention them4 ,the former1 in ,troylus and ,creseyde1 says3 ,creseyde was in widowe's habit black4 ,again3 ,my clothes everichone ,shall blacke ben1 in tolequyn1 herte swete1 ,that ,i am as out of this world gone4 ,again1 in the ,knights ,tale1 ,palamon appeared at a funeral ,in clothes black dropped all with tears4 ,froissart says1 the ,earl of ,foix clothed himself and household in black on the death of his son4 ,at the funeral of the ,earl of ,flanders black gowns were worn4 ,on the death of ,king ,john of ,france1 the ,king of ,cyprus wore black4 ,the very mention of these facts would suggest that black was not then universally worn1 but being gradually adopted for mourning4 ,b4 ,h4 ,c4 ,chanting of ,jurors 7,vol4 vi41 p4 #cae474--,no answer has yet been given to ,j4 ,f4 ,f4's ,query on this1 yet the expression to chant was not an unusual one1 if we may believe ,lord ,stratford3 ,they collected a grand jury in each county1 and proceeded to claim a ratification of the rights of the crown4 ,the gentlemen on being empanelled informed that the case before them was irresistible1 and that no doubts could exist in the minds of reasonable #ejc men upon it4 ,his majesty was1 in fact1 indifferent whether they found for him or no4 ',and there ,i left them1' says ,strafford1 'to chant together1 as they call it1 over their evidence4' ,the counties of ,roscommon1 ,sligo1 and ,mayo instantly found a title for the king4 ,this extract is from a very eloquent article on ,lord ,strafford in the ,british ,critic1 ,no4 ,,lxvi4 p4 #dhe4 ,w4 ,,fraser4 ,tor-,mohun4 ,aldress 7,vol4 v41 p4 #ehb474--,your correspondent ,,cowgill gives an instance of the use of this obsolete word in an epitaph in ,st4 ,stephen's1 ,norwich1 and asks where else it may be met with4 ,i have just found it in a manuscript diary1 under date #aefa1 and also as used in the same city3 ,a ,speech made after ,mr4 ,mayor ,mingay's ,dinner4 ,master ,mayor of ,norwich2 an it please your worship you have feasted us like a kinge4 ,god bless the ,queen's grace4 ,we have fed plentifully1 and now whilom ,i can speak plain ,english1 ,i heartily thank you ,master ,mayor1 and so do we all4 ,answer1 boys1 answer6 ,your beere is pleasant and potent1 and soon catches us by the caput and stops our manners1 and so ,huzza for the ,queen's ,majesty's ,grace1 and all her bonny brow'd dames of honour6 ,huzza for ,master ,mayor and our good dame ,mayoress1 the ,alderman and his faire ,aldress2 there they are1 ,god save them and all this jolly company4 ,to all our friends round country who have a penny in their purse1 and an ,english heart in their bodies1 to keep out ,spanish ,dons and ,papists with their faggots to burn our whiskers4 ,shove it about4 ,twirl your cup-cases1 handle your jugs1 and huzza for ,master ,mayor and his good dame6 ,how long is it since the ladies of our civic dignitaries relinquished the distinction here given to one of their order8 ,what was the cup-case8 ,,charles ,,reid4 ,paternoster ,row4 ,huggins and ,muggins 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #cda474--;,in the edition of ,mallet's ,northern ,antiquities1 edited by ,j4 ,a4 ,blackwell1 ,esq41 and published by ,bohn 7,antiquarian ,library1 #ahdg71 the following conjectural etymology of the words ,huggins and ,muggins is given by the editor in a note on the word ,muninn1 in the glossary to the ,prose ,edda3 ,we cannot refrain for once from noticing the curious coincidence between the names of ,odin's ravens1 ,hugin and ,munin--,mind and ,memory--and those of two personages who figure so often in our comic literature as ,messrs4 ,huggins and ,muggins4 ,huggins1 like ,hugh1 appears to have the same root as ,hugin1 viz4 hugr1 mind1 spirit2 and as ,mr4 ,muggins is as invariably associated with ,mr4 ,huggins1 as one of ,odin's ravens was with the other 7as mind is with memory71 the name may originally have been written ,munnins1 and nn changed into gg for the sake of euphony4 ,should this conjecture1 for it is nothing else1 be well founded1 one of the most poetical ideas in the whole range of mythology would1 in this plodding1 practical1 spilling-jenny age of ours1 have thus undergone a most singular metamorphosis4 ,,jno4 ,n4 ,,radcliffe4 ,dewsbury4 ,camera ,lucida 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #bga474--,with my camera lucida ,i received a printed sheet of instructions1 from which the following extract is made1 in answer to ,,caret3 ,those who cannot sketch comfortably1 without perfect distinctness of both the pencil and object1 must observe1 that the stem should be drawn out to the mark ,d1 for all distant objects1 and to the numbers #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 c4 for objects that are at the distances of only #b1 #c1 #d1 or #e feet respectively1 the stem being duly inclined according to a mark placed at the bottom2 but1 after a little practice1 such exactness is wholly unnecessary4 ,the farther the prism is removed from the paper1 that is1 the longer the stem is drawn out1 the larger the objects will be represented in the drawing1 and accordingly the less extensive the view4 ,the nearer the prism is to the paper1 the smaller will be the objects1 and the more extensive the view comprised on the same piece of paper4 ,if the drawing be two feet from the prism1 and the paper only one foot1 the copy will be half the size of the original4 ,if the drawing be at one foot1 and the paper three feet distant1 the copy will be three times as large as the original3 and so for all other distances4 ,t4 ,b4 ,,johnston4 ,edinburgh4 ,when ,orpheus went down 7,vol4 viii41 pp4 #aif4 #bha474--,this seems to be rightly attributed to ,dr4 ,lisle4 ,see ,dodsley's ,collection of ,poems1 vol4 vi4 p4 #aff4 7#ageh71 where it is stated to have been imitated from the ,spanish1 and set to music by ,dr4 ,hayes4 ,it is not quite correctly given in ,n4 ,q4 ,j4 ,,kelway4 ,the ,arms of ,de ,sissone 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #bdc474--;,i beg to refer ,j4 ,l4 ,s4 to ,histoire ,genealogique et ,chronologique de la ,maison ,royale de ,france1 c41 tom4 viii4 p4 #ecg41 ,paris1 #agcc2 and also to ,livre d',or de la ,noblesse1 p4 #dbi41 ,paris1 #ahdg4 ,,clericus 7,d74 ,oaths of ,pregnant ,women 7,vol4 v41 p4 #cic474--,women of the humbler classes in the ,british ,islands appear to have an objection1 when pregnant1 to take an oath4 ,i have not observed any attempt to explain or account for this prejudice4 ,the same objection exists among the ,burmese4 ,indeed1 pregnant women there are1 by long-observed custom1 absolved from taking an oath1 and affirm to their depositions1 remembering their pregnant condition4 ,the reason of this is as follows4 ,the system of ,budhism1 as it prevails in the ,indo-,chinese countries1 consists essentially in the negation of a ,divine ,providence4 ,the oath of ,budhists is an imprecation of evil on the swearer1 #ejd addressed to the innate rewarding powers of nature1 animate and inanimate1 if the truth be not spoken4 ,this evil may be instantaneous1 as sudden death from a fit1 or from a flash of lightning2 the first food taken may choke the false swearer2 or on his way home1 a tiger by land1 or an alligator by water1 may seize and devour him4 ,i have known an instance of this occur1 which was spoken of by hundreds as a testimony to the truth of the system4 ,now it is supposed by ,budhists that even an unconscious departure from truth may rouse jealous nature to award punishment4 ,in the case of pregnant women this would involve the unborn offspring in the calamity4 ,hence women in that condition do not take an oath in ,burmah4 ,,ph4 ,rangoon4 ,lepel's ,regiment 7,vol4 vii41 p4 #eja474--;,j4 ,k4 may rest assured that no trace can now be discovered of a regiment thus named1 which existed in the year #agjg4 ,i have searched the lists of cavalry and infantry regiments at the battle of ,almanza1 fought ,april #beth of that year1 and do not find this regiment mentioned4 ,may ,i substitute for ,lepel's regiment1 ,pepper's regiment8 ,the colonelcy of that corps1 now the #hth ,royal ,irish ,hussars1 became vacant by the fall of ,brigadier-,general ,robert ,killigrew at ,almanza1 and it was immediately conferred on the lieutenant-colonel of the corps1 ,john ,pepper1 who held it until ,march #bc1 #agai4 ,g4 ,l4 ,s4 ,editions of the ,prayer ,book prior to #affb 7,vol4 vi41 pp4 #dce4 #efd2 ,vol4 vii4 passim74--,i have recently met with the following editions1 which have not1 ,i think1 been yet recorded in your pages3 #afcj4 folio1 ,london4 #afci4 #dto4 ,barker and ,bill4 #affa4 #hvo4 ,london1 ,duporti1 ,latin4 ,the first and third are in ,mr4 ,darling's ,encyc4 ,bibl41 see columns #cff1 #cfg2 the second ,i saw at ,mr4 ,straker's1 ,adelaide ,street1 ,strand4 ,will some of your readers kindly tell me in what edition of the ,prayer ,book the ,prayers at the ,healing are last met with8 ,i have them in a ,latin ,prayer ,book1 #abmo4 ,london1 #agbg4g ,w4 ,,sparrow ,,simpson4 ,footnote #g3 ,it appears from a note in ,pepys's ,diary1 ,june #bc1 #affj1 that the library of the ,duke of ,sussex contained four several editions of the ,book of ,common ,prayer1 all printed after the accession of the ,house of ,hanover1 and all containing1 as an integral part of the service1 ,the ,office for the ,healing4--,,ed4 ,creole 7,vol4 vii41 p4 #cha4 ,vol4 viii41 p4 #ach474--;,i have never met with any satisfactory explanation of the origin of this word2 its meaning has undergone various modifications4 ,at first it was limited in its application to the descendants of ,europeans born in the colonies4 ,by degrees it came to be extended to all classes of the population of colonial descent and now it is indiscriminately employed to express things as well as persons1 of local origin or growth4 ,we say a creole ,negro1 as contra-distinguished from a negro born in ,africa or elsewhere2 a creole horse1 as contra-distinguished from an ,english or an ,american horse2 and we speak ,creole when we address the uneducated classes in their native jargon4 ,,henry ,h4 ,,breen4 ,st4 ,lucia4 ,daughter pronounced ,dafter 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #bib474--,this pronunciation is universal in ,north ,cornwall and ,north-west ,devonshire4 ,j4 ,r4 ,p4 ,richard ,geering 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #cdj474--;,if ,y4 ,s4 ,m4 will favour me with the parentage of ,richard ,geering1 one of the six clerks in chancery in ,ireland1 ,i shall be better able to judge whether he was of the family of ,geering1 ,gearing1 or ,geary1 of ,south ,denchworth in the co4 of ,berks1 of which family ,i have a pedigree4 ,i can also supply their coat of arms and crest4 ,any information of the ,geerings1 ancestors of the said ,richard1 the chancery clerk1 will be acceptable to your occasional correspondent ,h4 ,c4 ,c4 ,if this ,richard ,geering is related to the ,geerings of ,south ,denchworth1 in ,berkshire1 ,i refer ,y4 ,s4 ,m4 to ,clare's ,hundred of ,wanting1 ,parker1 ,oxford1 #ahbd4 ,the ,geerings bought the manor of ,viscount ,cullen4 ,it was formerly in the possession of the ,hydes3 several of the ,geering monuments are in the church4 ,their arms1 ,or1 on two bars gules six mascles of the field1 on a canton sable a leopard's face of the first4 ,the ,geerings were long tenants of a part of the estate which they purchased2 they are extinct in the male line4 ,a grandson1 ,john ,bockett1 ,esq4 7by the female line71 of the last heir1 possessed a small farm in the parish which was sold by him some years ago4 ,the manor now belongs to ,worcester ,college1 ,oxford1 who purchased it of ,gregory ,geering1 gent41 in #ageh4 ,the name is spelt ,gearing and ,geary in the early registers4 ,the books in the small study 7mentioned in ,n4 ,q4 some time ago7 were given by ,gregory ,geering1 ,esq41 ,mr4 ,ralph ,kedden1 vicar of ,denchworth1 and ,mr4 ,edward ,brewster1 stationer1 of ,london1 most of which are attached by long chains to the cases4 ,,julia ,r4 ,,bockett4 ,southcote ,lodge4 ,island 7,vol4 viii41 p4 #bgi474--;,h4 ,c4 ,k4 is quite right in saying that the s has been inserted in this word3 not1 however1 as he thinks1 to assimilate #eje the ,saxon and ,french terms1 but from a fancied ,french or ,latin derivation1 just as rime is spelt rhyme1 because it was fancied that it came from ,greek3 rhuthmos2 and as critics and editors will print coelum instead of caelum1 contrary to all authority1 because they have taken it into their heads that it comes from ,greek3 koilon4 ,we have also spright1 impregnable1 and other misspelt words1 for which it is difficult to assign a reason4 ,but ,i think ,h4 ,c4 ,k4 is altogether mistaken in connecting the ,a4-,s4 ig 7pr4 ee71 an island1 with eye4 ,it is evidently one of the original underived nouns of the ,teutonic family1 being ig ,a4-,s41 ey ,icel41 whence oe ,swed41 oe or oee ,dan41 and which also appears in the ,german and ,dutch eiland2 while in the words for eye the g is radical1 as eage ,a4-,s41 auga ,icel41 auge ,germ41 oog ,dutch4 ,t4 ,k4 99 99 99 99 99 ,miscellaneous4 ,,books ,,and ,,odd ,,volumes ,,wanted ,,to ,,purchase4 ,,whittingham',s ,,poets4 ,illustrated ,edition4 ,,ford',s ,,handbook ,,of ,,spain4 #ast ,edition4 999999 ,letters stating particulars and lowest price1 carriage free1 to be sent to ,,mr4 ,,bell1 ,publisher of ,,notes ,,and ,,queries4 #ahf4 ,fleet ,street4 ,particulars of ,price1 c4 of the following ,books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required1 and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose3 ,,boydell',s ,,shakspeare1 with the ,subscriber's ,medal accompanying it4 ,,carpenter',s ,,general ,,and ,,comparative ,,physiology4 #hvo4 ,,baretti',s ,,english ,,and ,,italian ,,dictionary4 #b ,vols4 #hvo4 ,wanted by ,mr4 ,hayward1 ,bookseller1 ,bath4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,astro-,,meteorologica3 ,,or ,,aphorisms ,,and ,,discourses ,,of ,,the ,,bodies ,,celestial1 by the ,rev4 ,john ,goad4 ,london4 ,folio4 #afhf4 ,,astro-,,meteorologica ,,sana4 ,by the same ,author4 ,london4 #afij4 ,,leyden',s ,,poetical ,,works4 #a ,vol4 #hvo4 ,london4 #ahjf4 ,wanted by ,rev4 ,w4 ,ewart1 ,pimperne1 ,blandford1 ,dorset4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wellington ,,dispatches4 #ac ,vols4 ,vols4 ,,ii41 ,,iii41 and ,index4 7,the full price will be given47 ,,southey',s ,,doctor4 ,vols4 ,,iii4 and ,,iv4 ,,patrick',s ,,mensa ,,mystica4 ,,strickland',s ,,queens ,,of ,,england4 ,vols4 ,,iii41 ,,iv41 ,v41 ,,vi41 ,,vii41 ,,viii41 and ,x4 ,wanted by ,a4 ,holden1 ,bookseller1 ,exeter4 99 99 99 99 99 ,notices to ,correspondents4 ,we are this ,week unavoidably compelled to omit our usual ,,notes ,,on ,,books and ,,notices ,,to ,,correspondents4 ,,notes ,,and ,,queries is published at noon on ,friday1 so that the ,country ,booksellers may receive ,copies in that night's parcels1 and deliver them to their ,subscribers on the ,saturday4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fourth ,edition of ,,ruins ,,of ,,many ,,lands4 ,,notice4--,a ,fourth and ,cheaper ,edition1 ,revised and considerably ,enlarged1 of ,,mr4 ,,michell',s ,,ruins ,,of ,,many ,,lands1 with ,portrait1 cloth1 price #ds4 #f;d4 ,this ,edition contains ,remarks on ,layard's latest ,discoveries at ,nineveh1 and treats of nearly all the ,ruins of ,interest now in the world4 ,london3 ,,william ,,tegg ,,co41 #he4 ,queen ,street ,cheapside4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,old ,,book ,,and ,,music ,,collectors4 ,a ,,catalogue ,,of ,,rare1 ,,curious1 ,,and ,,valuable ,,second-,,hand ,,books1 and a ,list of ,music1 ,,gratis and ,,post ,,free on ,application to ,w4 ,,brough1 #bb4 ,paradise ,street1 ,birmingham4 ,books of every ,description purchased4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ormerod',s ,,history ,,of ,,cheshire 7wanting ,parts ,,ii4 ,x471 ,eight parts folio1 ,plates 7,nine wanting71 sewed1 #bl4 #bs4 ,w4 ,,brough1 #bb4 ,paradise ,street1 ,birmingham4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,heal ,,son',s ,,illustrated ,,catalogue ,,of ,,bedsteads1 sent free by post4 ,it contains designs and prices of upwards of ,,one ,,hundred different ,bedsteads2 also of every description of ,bedding1 ,blankets1 and ,quilts4 ,and their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of ,bed-room ,furniture1 ,furniture ,chintzes1 ,damasks1 and ,dimities1 so as to render their ,establishment complete for the general furnishing of ,bed-rooms4 ,,heal ,,son1 ,bedstead and ,bedding ,manufacturers1 #aif4 ,tottenham ,court ,road4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,policy ,,holders in other ,,companies1 and intending ,assurers generally1 are invited to examine the ,rates1 ,principles1 and ,progress of the ,,scottish ,,provident ,,institution1 the only ,society in which the ,advantages of ,mutual ,assurance can be secured by moderate ,premiums4 ,established #ahcg4 ,number of ,policies issued #f1djj1 assuring upwards of ,two and a ,half ,millions4 ,full ,reports and every ,information had 7,free7 on ,application4 999999 ,policies are now issued ,free of ,stamp ,duty2 and attention is invited to the circumstance that ,premiums payable for ,life ,assurance are now allowed as a ,deduction from ,income in the ,returns for ,income ,tax4 ,,george ,,grant1 ,resident ,sec4 ,london ,branch1 #ab4 ,moorgate ,street4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,leeds ,,library4 ,,librarian4--,wanted1 a ,gentleman of ,literary ,attainments1 competent to undertake the duties of ,librarian in the ,leeds ,library4 ,the ,institution consists of about #ejj ,proprietary ,members1 and an ,assistant ,librarian is employed4 ,the hours of attendance required will be from #aj ,a4,m4 to #h ,p4,m4 daily1 with an interval of two hours4 ,salary #abjl4 a year4 ,applications1 with ,certificates of ,qualifications1 must be sent by letter1 post paid1 not later than #ast ,december next1 to ,,abraham ,,horsfall1 ,,esq41 ,hon4 ,sec41 #i4 ,park ,row1 ,leeds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,,varnish 7,,rowbotham',s74--,this truly wonderful ,varnish for restoring ,old ,bindings1 and giving them a freshness equal to new1 is applied with a piece of sponge1 and dries instantly4 7,see ,n4 ,q41 ,vol4 vi41 p4 #cce47 ,may be had of ,j4 ,,rowbotham1 ,india-,rubber ,bookbinder1 #gj4 ,castle ,street1 two doors east of ,berners ,street1 ,oxford ,street1 in ,bottles #as4 each1 or by ,order of any ,bookseller or ,druggist4 ,a ,list of ,prices for ,india-rubber ,bookbinding may be had on application4 99 99 99 99 99 ,price #bs4 #f;d41 cloth lettered1 ,,sanitary ,,economy3 its ,principles and ,practice2 and its ,moral ,influence on the ,progress of ,civilisation4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,chambers1 #c4 ,bride ,court ,passage1 ,fleet ,street1 ,london1 and #cci4 ,high ,street1 ,edinburgh2 and sold by all ,booksellers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,spectacles4--,every ,description of ,,spectacles and ,,eye-,,glasses for the ,assistance of ,vision1 adapted by means of ,smee's ,optometer3 that being the only correct method of determining the exact focus of the ,lenses required1 and of preventing injury to the sight by the use of improper ,glasses4 ,,bland ,,long1 ,opticians1 #aec4 ,fleet ,street1 ,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,views ,,in ,,london4 ,,stereoscopes ,,and ,,stereoscopic ,,pictures4 ,,bland ,,long1 #aec4 ,,fleet ,,street1 ,,opticians and ,,philosophical ,,instrument ,,makers1 invite attentions to their ,stock of ,,stereoscopes of all ,kinds1 and in various ,materials2 also1 to their ,new and ,extensive ,assortment of ,,stereoscopic ,,pictures for the same1 in ,,daguerreotype1 on ,,paper1 and ,,transparent ,,albumen ,,pictures on ,,glass1 including ,views of ,london1 ,paris1 the ,rhine1 ,windsor1 c4 ,these ,pictures1 for minuteness of ,detail and ,truth in the ,representation of ,natural ,objects1 are unrivalled4 ,,bland ,,long1 ,opticians1 #aec4 ,fleet ,street1 ,london4 999999 ,familiar ,explanation of the ,phenomena sent on ,application4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,daguerreotype ,,materials4--,plates1 ,cases1 ,passepartoutes4 ,best and ,cheapest4 ,to be had in great variety at ,mc,m,i,l,l,a,n',s ,wholesale ,depot1 #acb4 ,fleet ,street4 ,price ,list ,gratis4 99 99 99 99 99 #ejf ,early in ,december1 in small #dto41 ,elegantly ,printed on ,toned ,paper1 and appropriately bound1 price #cjs41 ,,an ,,illustrated ,,edition ,,of ,,tupper',s ,,proverbial ,,philosophy4 ,the ,designs by ,c4 ,w4 ,cope1 ,r4,a41 ,j4 ,c4 ,horsley1 ,r4,a41 ,john ,tenniel1 ,edwin ,h4 ,corbould1 ,g4 ,dodgson1 ,edward ,duncan1 ,birket ,foster1 ,john ,gilbert1 ,j4 ,godwin1 ,william ,harvey1 ,w4 ,l4 ,leitch1 ,f4 ,r4 ,pickersgill1 and ,joseph ,severn4 ,the ,ornamental ,initials and ,vignettes by ,henry ,noel ,humphreys4 ,london3 ,,thomas ,,hatchard1 #ahg4 ,piccadilly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,illustrated ,,present ,,books4 ,just published1 ,,gray',s ,,elegy ,,written ,,in ,a ,,country ,,churchyard4 ,illustrated on every ,page with ,engravings on ,wood from ,drawings by ,,birket ,,foster1 ,,george ,,thomas1 and a ,,lady4 ,crown #hvo4 handsomely bound in blue cloth1 or in enamelled boards1 price #gs4 #f;d4 999999 ,a few ,copies will be bound in extra morocco by ,mr4 ,hayday4 ,just ready1 ,,the ,,wanderings ,,of ,,persiles ,,and ,,sigismunda3 ,a ,northern ,story4 ,,by ,,miguel ,,de ,,cervantes ,,saavedra4 ,translated from the ,spanish by a ,,lady4 ,illustrated with a ,portrait of ,,cervantes4 ,fcap4 #hvo41 old style1 price #ajs4 #f;d4 ,this romance was the last work of ,cervantes4 ,the dedication to the ,count de ,lemos was written the day after he had received extreme unction4--,extract from ,preface4 ,just published1 price #ajs4 #f;d41 ,,photographic ,,album4 ,part ,v4 ,containing ,four ,pictures3 ,,portskewit4 ,by ,roger ,fenton4 ,,the ,,fisherman',s ,,daughter4 ,by ,joseph ,cundall4 ,,salisbury ,,cathedral4 ,by ,russell ,sedgfield4 ,,banks ,,of ,,the ,,coquet4 ,by ,philip ,dela,motte4 ,parts ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 and ,,iv4 are now reprinted4 ,now ready1 ,,photographic ,,views ,,of ,,constantinople4 ,twenty ,views of the most ,important ,buildings1 taken by ,,james ,,robertson1 ,esq4 ,imperial folio1 half-bound morocco1 price #fl4 #afs4 #f;d4 ,just published1 price #afs41 ,,photographic ,,studies4 ,part ,,ii4 ,by ,,george ,,shaw1 ,,esq41 of ,queen's ,college1 ,birmingham4 ,,the ,,forest ,,at ,,noon4 ,,tangled ,,boughs4 ,,bald ,,with ,,dry ,,antiquity4 ,,solitude4 ,part ,i4 is now reprinted4 ,part ,,iii4 is in preparation4 ,just published1 fcap4 #hvo4 cloth1 price #ds4 #f;d41 ,,the ,,practice ,,of ,,photography3 ,a ,manual for ,students and ,amateurs4 ,by ,,philip ,h4 ,,delamotte1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,illustrated with a ,picture taken by the ,collodion ,process4 999999 ,this ,manual contains much practical information4 ,now ready1 price #ads41 ,,photographic ,,pictures4 ,by ,,hugh ,,owen1 ,,esq41 of ,bristol4 ,,ivy ,,bridge1 ,,devon4 ,,the ,,harvest ,,field4 ,a ,,river ,,bank4 ,,woods ,,in ,,spring4 ,part ,,ii4 is just ready4 ,,joseph ,,cundall1 #afh4 ,,new ,,bond ,,street4 ,sold also by ,,sampson ,,low ,,son1 #dg4 ,ludgate ,hill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,xylo-,,iodide ,,of ,,silver1 exclusively used at all the ,photographic ,establishments4--,the superiority of this preparation is now universally acknowledged4 ,testimonials from the best ,photographers and principal scientific men of the day1 warrant the assertion1 that hitherto no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect pictures1 combined with the greatest rapidity of action4 ,in all cases where a quantity is required1 the two solutions may be had at ,wholesale price in separate ,bottles1 in which state it may be kept for for years1 and ,exported to any ,climate4 ,full instructions for use4 ,,caution4--,each ,bottle is ,stamped with a ,red ,label bearing my name1 ,,richard ,w4 ,,thomas1 ,chemist1 #aj4 ,pall ,mall1 to counterfeit which is felony4 ,,cyanogen ,,soap3 for removing all kinds of ,photographic ,stains4 ,beware of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent4 ,the ,genuine is made only by the ,inventor1 and is secured with a ,red ,label bearing this ,signature and ,address1 ,,richard ,w4 ,,thomas1 ,,chemist1 #aj4 ,,pall ,,mall1 ,manufacturer of ,pure ,photographic ,chemicals3 and may be procured of all respectable ,chemists1 in ,pots at #as41 #bs41 and #cs4 #f;d4 each1 through ,,messrs4 ,,edwards1 #fg4 ,st4 ,paul's ,churchyard2 and ,,messrs4 ,,barclay ,,co41 #ie4 ,farringdon ,street1 ,wholesale ,agents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,improvement ,,in ,,collodion4--,j4 ,b4 ,,hockin ,,co41 ,chemists1 #bhi4 ,strand4 have1 by an improved mode of ,iodizing1 succeeded in producing a ,collodion equal1 they may say superior1 in sensitiveness and density of ,negative1 to any other hitherto published2 without diminishing the keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed4 ,apparatus1 pure ,chemicals1 and all the requirements for the practice of ,photography4 ,instruction in the ,art4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,photography4--,,horne ,,co4',s ,iodized ,collodion1 for obtaining ,instantaneous ,views1 and ,portraits in from three to thirty seconds1 according to light4 ,portraits obtained by the above1 for delicacy of detail rival the choicest ,daguerreotypes1 specimens of which may be seen at their ,establishment4 ,also every description of ,apparatus1 ,chemicals1 c4 c4 used in this beautiful ,art4--#abc4 and #aba4 ,newgate ,street4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,empire1 ,,london ,,newspaper1 ,one of the ,largest in ,europe1 is published every ,saturday1 by ,j4 ,,livesey1 ,crane ,court1 ,fleet ,street1 and can be had of all ,news ,vendors throughout the ,country4 ,the ,empire contains a larger ,miscellany of ,foreign1 ,colonial1 ,metropolitan1 and ,provincial ,news1 and more original articles and contributions than almost any other ,paper in the ,kingdom1 and its circulation is already superior to that of two-thirds of the ,london ,weekly ,press4 ,the ,empire advocates a complete remodelling1 by a ,new ,reform ,bill1 of the representative system2 the abolition of the present panic-producing ,currency ,restrictions2 the development of ,colonial ,enterprise and ,prosperity2 the ,reform of ,metropolitan ,city ,abuses2 and the protection of ,provincial ,interests from the despotism of the ,centralisation system4 ,provincial readers will find in ,the ,empire a constant discussion of questions immediately interesting to themselves1 and a large selection of news from their respective localities4 ,literary ,articles and ,critical ,notices of ,scientific ,improvements1 and of ,public ,works at home and abroad1 are supplied to ,the ,empire by the ablest writers and highest authorities of the day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fine ,,art ,,distribution4 ,as an appropriate accompaniment to a ,paper which circulates in all parts of the ,british ,empire1--a copy of the magnificent ,,equestrian ,,portrait ,,of ,,her ,,majesty1 ,by ,count ,d',orsay1 ,three ,feet by ,two ,feet1 ,value ,,one ,,guinea1 ,will be presented to each ,subscriber for ,three ,months1 commencing from the present month1 ,november4 ,,terms3--,per ,copy1 #f;d42 ,three ,months1 #fs4 #f;d42 ,six ,months1 #acs42 ,one ,year1 #bfs4 ,advertisements inserted on ,moderate ,terms4 ,orders for ,the ,empire may be sent to ,,mr4 ,,robert ,,harvey1 ,no4 #a4 ,crane ,court1 ,fleet ,street1 ,london1 or may be given to any ,news ,vendor in town or country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,photographic ,,cameras4--,,ottewill',s ,,registered ,,double-,,bodied ,,folding ,,camera1 is superior to every other form of ,camera1 for the ,photographic ,tourist1 from its capability of ,elongation or ,contraction to any ,focal ,adjustment1 its extreme ,portability1 and its adaptation for taking either ,views or ,portraits4--,the ,trade supplied4 ,every ,description of ,camera1 or ,slides1 ,tripod ,stands1 ,printing ,frames1 c41 may be obtained at his ,,manufactory1 ,charlotte ,terrace1 ,barnsbury ,road1 ,islington4 ,new ,inventions1 ,models1 c41 made to order or from ,drawings4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,photographic ,,institution4--,an ,,exhibition of ,,pictures1 by the most celebrated ,french1 ,italian1 and ,english ,photographers1 embracing ,views of the principal ,countries and ,cities of ,europe1 is now ,,open4 ,admission #f;d4 ,a ,portrait taken by ,,mr4 ,,talbot',s ,patent ,process1 ,one ,guinea2 ,three extra ,copies for #ajs4 ,,photographic ,,institution1 #afh4 ,,new ,,bond ,,street4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,photographic ,,paper4--,negative and ,positive ,papers of ,whatman's1 ,turner's1 ,sanford's1 and ,causon ,freres' make4 ,waxed-,paper for ,le ,gray's ,process4 ,iodized and ,sensitive ,paper for every kind of ,photography4 ,sold by ,,john ,,sanford1 ,photographic ,stationer1 ,aldine ,chambers1 #ac4 ,paternoster ,row1 ,london4 99 99 99 99 99 #ejg ,solicitors' ,general ,life ,assurance ,society4 #eb4 ,,chancery ,,lane1 ,,london4 ,subscribed ,capital1 ,,one ,,million4 ,,this ,,society ,,presents ,,the ,,following ,,advantages3 ,the ,security of a ,subscribed ,capital of ,,one ,,million4 ,exemption of the ,assured from all ,liability4 ,premiums affording particular advantages to ,young ,lives4 ,participating and ,non-,participating ,premiums4 ,in the former ,,eighty ,,per ,,cent4 or ,,four-,,fifths of the ,profits are divided amongst the ,assured ,triennially1 either by way of addition to the sum assured1 or in diminution of ,premium1 at their option4 ,no deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for ,interest on ,capital1 for a ,guarantee ,fund1 or on any other account4 ,,policies ,,free ,,of ,,stamp ,,duty and ,,indisputable1 except in case of fraud4 ,at the ,general ,meeting1 on the #cast ,may last1 ,a ,,bonus was declared of nearly ,two ,,per ,,cent4 per annum on the amount assured1 or at the rate of from ,,thirty to upwards of ,,sixty per cent4 on the ,premiums paid4 ,,policies share in the ,profits1 even if ,,one ,,premium ,,only has been paid4 ,next ,,division ,,of ,,profits in #ahef4 ,the ,directors meet on ,thursdays at #b o',clock4 ,assurances may be effected by applying on any other day1 between the hours of #aj and #d1 at the ,office of the ,society1 where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be obtained4 ,,charles ,,john ,,gill4 ,secretary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,western ,,life ,,assurance ,,and ,,annuity ,,society4 #c4 ,,parliament ,,street1 ,,london4 ,founded ,a4,d4 #ahdb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,directors4 ,h4 ,e4 ,bicknell1 ,esq4 ,t4 ,s4 ,cocks1 ,jun4 ,esq41 ,m4 ,p4 ,g4 ,h4 ,drew1 ,esq4 ,w4 ,evans1 ,esq4 ,w4 ,freeman1 ,esq4 ,f4 ,fuller1 ,esq4 ,j4 ,h4 ,goodhart1 ,esq4 ,t4 ,grissell1 ,esq4 ,j4 ,hunt1 ,esq4 ,j4 ,a4 ,lethbridge1 ,esq4 ,e4 ,lucas1 ,esq4 ,j4 ,lys ,seager1 ,esq4 ,j4 ,b4 ,white1 ,esq4 ,j4 ,carter ,wood1 ,esq4 ,trustees4--,w4 ,whateley1 ,esq41 ,q4,c42 ,george ,drew1 ,esq41 ,t4 ,grissell1 ,esq4 ,physician4--,william ,rich4 ,basham1 ,m4,d4 ,bankers4--,messrs4 ,cocks1 ,biddulph1 and ,co41 ,charing ,cross4 ,,valuable ,,privilege4 ,,policies effected in this ,office do not become void through temporary difficulty in paying a ,premium1 as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest1 according to the conditions detailed in the ,prospectus4 ,specimens of ,rates of ,premium for ,assuring #ajjl41 with a ,share in three-fourths of the ,profits3-- ,age ,l s4 d4 #ag #a #ad #d #bb #a #ah #h #bg #b #d #e #cb #b #aj #h #cg #b #ah #f #db #c #h #b ,,arthur ,,scratchley1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,actuary4 ,now ready1 price #ajs4 #f;d41 ,second ,edition1 with material additions4 ,,industrial ,,investment and ,,emigration3 being a ,,treatise ,,on ,,benefit ,,building ,,societies1 and on the ,general ,principles of ,land ,investment1 exemplified in the ,cases of ,freehold ,land ,societies1 ,building ,companies1 c4 ,with a ,mathematical ,appendix on ,compound ,interest and ,life ,assurance4 ,by ,,arthur ,,scratchley1 ,m4,a41 ,actuary to the ,western ,life ,assurance ,society1 #c4 ,parliament ,street1 ,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,achilles ,,life ,,insurance ,,company4--#be4 ,,cannon ,,street1 ,,city4--,the ,advantages offered by this ,society are ,security1 ,economy and lower ,rates of ,premium than most other ,offices4 ,no charge is made for ,policy ,stamps or ,medical ,fees4 ,policies indisputable4 ,loans granted to ,policy-holders4 ,for the convenience of the ,working ,classes1 ,policies are issued as low as #bjl41 at the same ,rates of ,premium as larger ,policies4 ,prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application to ,,hugh ,b4 ,,taplin1 ,secretary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bank ,,of ,,deposit4 #g4 ,st4 ,martin's ,place1 ,trafalgar ,square1 ,london4 ,,parties desirous of ,,investing ,,money are requested to examine the ,plan of this ,institution1 by which a high rate of ,interest may be obtained with perfect ,security4 ,interest payable in ,january and ,july4 ,,peter ,,morrison4 ,managing ,director4 ,prospectuses free on application4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,allen',s ,,illustrated ,,catalogue1 containing ,size1 ,price1 ,description of upwards of #ajj articles1 consisting of ,,portmanteaus1 ,,travelling-,,bags1 ,ladies' ,portmanteaus1 ,,despatch-,,boxes1 ,,writing-,,desks4 ,,dressing-,,cases1 and other travelling requisites4 ,gratis on application1 or sent free by ,post on receipt of ,two ,stamps4 ,,messrs4 ,,allen',s registered ,despatch-box and ,writing-desk1 their ,travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag1 and the new ,portmanteau containing four compartments1 are undoubtedly the best articles of the kind ever produced4 ,j4 ,w4 ,t4 ,,allen1 #ah4 #bb4 ,west ,strand4 99 99 99 99 99 ,w4 ,h4 ,,hart1 ,,record ,,agent and ,,legal ,,antiquarian 7who is in the possession of ,indices to many of the early ,public ,records whereby his ,inquiries are greatly facilitated7 begs to inform ,authors and ,gentlemen engaged in ,antiquarian or ,literary ,pursuits1 that he is prepared to undertake searches among the ,public ,records1 ,,mss4 in the ,british ,museum1 ,ancient ,wills1 or other ,depositories of a similar ,nature1 in any ,branch of ,literature1 ,history1 ,topography1 ,genealogy1 or the like1 and in which he has had considerable experience4 #a4 ,,albert ,,terrace1 ,,new ,,cross1 ,,hatcham1 ,,surrey4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bennett',s ,,model ,,watch1 as shown at the ,,great ,,exhibition ,no4 #a4 ,class ,x41 in ,gold and ,silver ,cases1 in five qualities1 and adapted to all ,climates1 may now be had at the ,,manufactory1 #fe4 ,,cheapside4 ,superior ,gold ,london-made ,patent ,levers1 #ag1 #ae1 and #ab guineas4 ,ditto1 in ,silver ,cases1 #h1 #f1 and #d guineas4 ,first-rate ,geneva ,levers1 in ,gold ,cases1 #ab1 #aj1 and #h guineas4 ,ditto1 in ,silver ,cases1 #h1 #f1 and #e guineas4 ,superior ,lever1 with ,chronometer ,balance1 ,gold1 #bg1 #bc1 and #ai guineas4 ,bennett's ,pocket ,chronometer1 ,gold1 #ej guineas2 ,silver #dj guineas4 ,every watch skilfully examined1 timed1 and its performance guaranteed4 ,barometers1 #bl41 #cl41 and #dl4 ,thermometers from #as4 each4 ,,bennett1 ,watch1 ,clock1 and ,instrument ,maker to the ,royal ,observatory1 the ,board of ,ordnance1 the ,admiralty1 and the ,queen1 #fe4 ,,cheapside4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,indigestion1 ,,constipation1 ,,nervousness1 c4--,,barry1 ,,du ,,barry ,,co4',s ,,health-,,restoring ,,food for ,,invalids and ,,infants4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,revalenta ,,arabica ,,food1 the only natural1 pleasant1 and effectual remedy 7without medicine1 purging1 inconvenience1 or expense1 as it saves fifty times its cost in other remedies7 for nervous1 stomachic1 intestinal1 liver and bilious complaints1 however deeply rooted1 dyspepsia 7indigestion71 habitual constipation1 diarrhoea1 acidity1 heartburn1 flatulency1 oppression1 distension1 palpitation1 eruption of the skin1 rheumatism1 gout1 dropsy1 sickness at the stomach during pregnancy1 at sea1 and under all other circumstances1 debility in the aged as well as infants1 fits1 spasms1 cramps1 paralysis1 c4 ,a few out of #ej1jjj ,cures3-- ,cure1 ,no4 #ga1 of dyspepsia2 from the ,right ,hon4 the ,lord ,stuart de ,decies3--,i have derived considerable benefits from your ,revalenta ,arabica ,food1 and consider it due to yourselves and the public to authorise the publication of these lines4--,,stuart ,,de ,,decies4 ,cure1 ,no4 #di1hcb3--;,fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia1 nervousness1 asthma1 cough1 constipation1 flatulency1 spasms1 sickness at the stomach1 and vomitings have been removed by ,du ,barry's excellent food4--,,maria ,,jolly1 ,wortham ,ling1 near ,diss1 ,norfolk4 ,cure1 ,no4 #ahj3--,twenty-five years' nervousness1 constipation1 indigestion1 and debility1 from which ,i had suffered great misery1 and which no medicine could remove or relieve1 have been effectually cured by ,du ,barry's food in a very short time4--,w4 ,r4 ,,reeves1 ,pool ,anthony1 ,tiverton4 ,cure1 ,no4 #d1bjh3--;,eight years' dyspepsia1 nervousness1 debility1 with cramps1 spasms1 and nausea1 for which my servant had consulted the advice of many1 have been effectually removed by ,du ,barry's delicious food in a very short time4 ,i shall be happy to answer any inquiries4--,,rev4 ,,john ,w4 ,,flavell1 ,ridlington ,rectory1 ,norfolk4 ,dr4 ,wurzer's ,testimonial4 ,bonn1 ,july #ai4 #aheb4 ,this light and pleasant ,farina is one of the most excellent1 nourishing1 and restorative remedies1 and supersedes1 in many cases1 all kinds of medicines4 ,it is particularly useful in confined habit of body1 as also diarrhoea1 bowel complaints1 affections of the kidneys and bladder1 such as stone or gravel2 inflammatory irritation and cramp of the urethra1 cramp of the kidneys and bladder1 strictures1 and hemorrhoids4 ,this really invaluable remedy is employed with the most satisfactory result1 not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints1 where irritation and pain are to be removed1 but also in pulmonary and bronchial consumption1 in which it counteracts effectually the troublesome cough2 and ,i am enabled with perfect truth to express the conviction that ,du ,barry's ,revalenta ,arabica is adapted to the cure of incipient hectic complaints and consumption4 ,,dr4 ,,rud ,,wurzer4 ,counsel of ,medicine1 and practical ,m4,d4 in ,bonn4 ,london ,agents3--,fortnum1 ,mason ,co41 #ahb4 ,piccadilly1 purveyors to ,her ,majesty the ,queen2 ,hedges ,butler1 #aee4 ,regent ,street2 and through all respectable grocers1 chemists1 and medicine venders4 ,in canisters1 suitably packed for all climates1 and with full instructions1 #alb4 #bs4 #i;d42 #blb4 #ds4 #f;d42 #elb4 #aas42 #ablb4 #bbs42 super-refined1 #elb4 #bbs42 #ajlb4 #ccs4 ,the #ajlb4 and #ablb4 carriage free1 on receipt of ,post-office order4--,barry1 ,du ,barry ,co41 #gg4 ,regent ,street1 ,london4 ,,important ,,caution4--,many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious imitations under closely similar names1 such as ,ervalenta1 ,arabaca1 and others1 the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name ,,barry1 ,,du ,,barry ,,co41 #gg4 ,regent ,street1 ,london1 in full1 without which none is genuine4 99 99 99 99 99 #ejh ,,bohn',s ,,extra ,,volumes4 ,,grammont',s ,,memoirs ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,charles ,,ii4 ,to which is added the ,,personal ,,history ,,of ,,charles1 ,,and ,,the ,,boscobel ,,tracts2 ,with ,fine ,portrait of ,,nell ,,gwynne4 ,post #hvo4 cloth4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,,count ,,hamilton',s ,,fairy ,,tales2 ,with ,portrait4 ,post #hvo41 cloth4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,,rabelais' ,,works3 ,,the ,,best ,,translations4 ,with ,additional ,notes by the ,celebrated ,,john ,,wilkes4 ,complete in #b vols4 post #hvo41 cloth4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,,henry ,g4 ,,bohn1 ,,york ,,street1 ,,covent ,,garden4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,volume ,,of ,,mr4 ,,arnold',s ,,tacitus4 ,now ,ready1 in #abmo41 price #es4 ,,cornelius ,,tacitus1 ,part ,,ii4 7,books ,,xi4--,,xvi4 of the ,,annales47 ,with ,,english ,,notes1 translated from the ,german of ,,dr4 ,,karl ,,nipperdey 7with ,additions71 by the ,,rev4 ,,henry ,,browne1 ,m4,a41 ,canon of ,chichester4 7,forming a new ,volume of ,arnold's ,classics47 ,,rivingtons1 ,waterloo ,place3 ,of whom may be had1 with ,,english ,,notes1 by the late ,,rev4 ,t4 ,k4 ,,arnold1 #a4 ,,tacitus1 ,part ,i4 7,,annales1 ,books ,i4-,,vi47 #fs4 #b4 ,,thucydides1 ,book ,i4 #es4 #f;d4 7,the ,,second ,,book in the ,press47 99 99 99 99 99 ,just ,published1 price #as4 ,,the ,,stereoscope1 ,considered in relation to the ,philosophy of ,binocular ,vision4 ,an ,essay1 by ,c4 ,,mansfield ,,ingleby1 ,m4,a41 of ,trinity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,london3 ,,walton ,,maberley1 ,upper ,gower ,street1 and ,ivy ,lane1 ,paternoster ,row4 ,cambridge3 ,j4 ,,deighton4 ,also1 by the same author1 price #as41 ,,remarks on some of ,sir ,william ,hamilton's ,notes on the ,works of ,dr4 ,thomas ,reid4 ,nothing in my opinion can be more cogent than your refutation of ,m4 ,jobert4--,sir ,w4 ,hamilton4 ,london3 ,,john ,w4 ,,parker1 ,west ,strand1 ,cambridge3 ,e4 ,,johnson4 ,birmingham3 ,h4 ,c4 ,,langbridge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,albemarle ,,street1,november1 #ahec4 ,,mr4 ,,murray',s ,,forthcoming ,,works4 ,i4 ,,dr4 ,,waagen',s ,,treasures ,,of ,,art ,,in ,,great ,,britain2 being an ,account of the ,chief ,collections of ,paintings1 ,sculptures1 ,,mss41 ,miniatures1 c41 in this ,country4 #c vols4 #hvo4 ,,ii4 ,,handbook ,,of ,,architecture4 ,by ,,james ,,fergusson4 ,being a ,concise and ,popular ,account of the different ,styles prevailing in all ,ages and ,countries of the ,world4 ,with a ,description of the most ,remarkable ,buildings4 ,with #ajjj ,illustrations4 #hvo4 ,,iii4 ,,kugler',s ,,history ,,of ,,painting4 7,the ,dutch1 ,flemish1 ,french and ,spanish ,schools47 ,edited by ,,sir ,,edmund ,,head4 ,illustrated ,edition4 #b vols4 ,post #hvo4 ,,iv4 ,,oliver ,,goldsmith',s ,,works3 a ,new ,library ,edition1 now first printed from the last editions which passed under the ,author's own eye4 ,edited by ,,peter ,,cunningham4 #d vols4 #hvo4 ,v4 ,,life ,,of ,,horace4 ,by ,,dean ,,milman4 ,a ,new ,edition1 with ,woodcuts and ,coloured ,borders4 #hvo4 ,,vi4 ,,dean ,,milman',s ,,history ,,of ,,latin ,,christianity1 including that of the ,popes to the ,pontificate of ,nicholas ,v4 #c vols4 #hvo4 ,,vii4 ,,mr4 ,,mansfield ,,parkyns' ,,life ,,in ,,abyssinia3 during a ,three ,years' ,residence in that ,country4 ,with ,illustrations4 #b vols4 #hvo4 ,,viii4 ,,six ,,months ,,in ,,italy4 ,by ,,george ,s4 ,,hillard4 ,post #hvo4 ,,ix4 ,,dr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,,hooker',s ,,himalayan ,,journals3 or1 ,,notes ,,of ,,an ,,oriental ,,naturalist ,,in ,,bengal4 ,,the ,,sikhim ,,and ,,nepal ,,himalayas1 ,,the ,,khasia ,,mountains1 c4 ,with ,illustrations4 #b vols4 #hvo4 ,x4 ,,the ,,late ,,duke ,,of ,,wellington',s ,,speeches ,,in ,,parliament4 ,collected and ,arranged with his ,sanction4 #b vols4 #hvo4 ,,xi4 ,,sir ,,roderick ,,murchison',s ,,siluria3 or1 a ,,view of the ,,silurian and other ,,primaeval ,,rocks1 and their ,,imbedded ,,remains4 ,with ,plates4 #hvo4 ,,xii4 ,,sir ,,gardner ,,wilkinson',s ,,popular ,,account ,,of ,,the ,,ancient ,,egyptians4 ,with #ejj ,woodcuts4 #b vols4 ,post #hvo4 ,,xiii4 ,,rev4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,robertson',s ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,christian ,,church to the ,pontificate of ,gregory the ,great1 ,a4,d4 #eij3 a ,manual for general ,readers as well as for ,students in ,theology4 #hvo4 ,,xiv4 ,,col4 ,,fancourt',s ,,early ,,history ,,of ,,yucatan1 from the ,discovery to the ,close of the ,seventeenth ,century4 ,with ,map4 #hvo4 ,,xv4 ,,dr4 ,,wm4 ,,smith',s ,,school ,,history ,,of ,,greece3 with ,chapters on the ,literature1 ,art1 and ,domestic ,manners of the ,greeks4 ,with ,woodcuts4 ,post #hvo4 ,,xvi4 ,,essays ,,on ,,agriculture4 ,by the late ,,thomas ,,gisborne4 ,post #hvo4 ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,constitution ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,compared ,,with ,,our ,,own4 ,by ,h4 ,s4 ,,tremenheere4 ,post #hvo4 ,,xviii4 ,,sunlight ,,through ,,the ,,mist3 or ,,practical ,,lessons drawn from the ,,lives ,,of ,,good ,,men1 intended as a ,sunday ,book for ,children4 ,by ,a ,,lady4 #afmo4 ,,xix4 ,,handbook ,,of ,,familiar ,,quotations1 chiefly from ,english ,authors4 ,a ,new ,edition1 with an ,index4 ,fcp4 #hvo4 ,,xx4 ,,once ,,upon ,a ,,time4 ,by ,,charles ,,knight4 #b vols4 ,fcp4 #hvo4 ,,xxi4 ,,jesse',s ,,scenes ,,and ,,occupations ,,of ,,country ,,life4 ,third ,edition1 uniform with ,jesse's ,gleanings4 ,woodcuts4 ,fcp4 #hvo4 ,,xxii4 ,,beauties ,,of ,,byron--,,prose ,,and ,,verse4 ,selected by ,a ,,clergyman4 ,fcp4 #hvo4 ,,xxiii4 ,,mr4 ,,croker',s ,,stories ,,for ,,children4 ,selected from the ,history of ,england4 ,cheaper ,edition4 ,woodcuts4 #afmo4 ,,john ,,murray1 ,albemarle ,street4 99 99 99 99 99 ,printed by ,,thomas ,,clark ,,shaw1 of ,no #aj4 ,stonefield ,street1 in the ,parish of ,st4 ,mary1 ,islington1 at ,no4 #e4 ,new ,street ,square1 in the ,parish of ,st4 ,bride1 in the ,city of ,london2 and published by ,,george ,,bell1 of ,no4 #ahf4 ,fleet ,street1 in the ,parish of ,st4 ,dunstan in the ,west1 in the ,city of ,london1 ,publisher1 at ,no4 #ahf4 ,fleet ,street aforesaid4--,saturday1 ,november #ai1 #ahec4 99 99 99 99 99 ,corrections made to printed original4 page #dig1 ,this is on the floor3 ',this in' in original4