,l\is1 ,class ( #aihj ,hi/orical ,introductions to ! ,symbolical ,books ( ! ,evangelical ,lu!ran ,*ur* by ,f4 ,b5te ,i4 ,! ,book ( ,concord1 or ,! ,concordia4 #a4 ,g5]al & ,p>ticul> ,symbols4 ,book ( ,concord1 or ,concordia1 is ! title ( ! ,lu!ran corpus doctr9ae1 i4e41 ( ! symbols recogniz$ & publi%$ "u t "n by ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,! ^w symbol1 sumbolon1 is d]iv$ f ! v]b sumballe91 to comp>e two ?+s = ! purpose ( p]ceiv+ _! relation & association4 ,sumbolon ?us develop$ ! mean+ ( tess>a1 or sign1 tok51 badge1 bann]1 wat*word1 p>ole1 c\nt]sign1 confession1 cre$4 ,a ,*ri/ian symbol1 !re=e1 is a m>k by :i* ,*ri/ians are kn[n4 ,& s9ce ,*ri/ianity is ess5tially ! belief 9 ! tru?s ( ! ,gospel1 its symbol is ( necessity a confession ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,! ,*ur*1 accord+ly1 has f ! beg9n+ def9$ & reg>d$ its symbols z a rule ( fai? or a rule ( tru?4 ,says ,augu/9e3 ,symbolum e/ regula fidei brevis et gr&is3 brevis num]o v]borum1 gr&is pond]e s5t5ti>um4 ,a symbol is a rule ( fai?1 bo? brief & gr&3 brief1 z to ! numb] ( words1 gr&1 z to ! weight ( its ?\ghts4 ,cyprian 0 ! fir/ :o appli$ ! t]m symbol to ! baptismal confession1 because1 he said1 x di/+ui%$ ! ,*ri/ians f non-,*ri/ians4 ,already at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ 0 univ]sally call$ symbol1 & 9 ! ,middle ,ages ?is "n 0 appli$ also to ! ,nic5e & ! ,a?anasian ,cre$s4 ,9 ! ,introduction to ! ,book ( ,concord ! ,lu!ran confessors designate ! ,augsburg ,confession z ! symbol ( our fai?1 & 9 ! ,epitome ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 z our symbol ( ?is "t4 ,symbols may be divid$ into ! foll[+ classes3 #a4 ,ecum5ical symbols1 :i*1 at lea/ 9 ! pa/1 h be5 accept$ by all ,*ri/5dom1 & are /ill =mally ackn[l$g$ by mo/ ( ! evangelical ,*ur*es2 #b4 p>ticul> symbols1 adopt$ by ! v>i\s d5om9ations ( divid$ ,*ri/5dom2 #c4 private symbols1 su* z h be5 =mulat$ & publi%$ by individuals1 = example1 ,lu!r's ,confession ( ! ,"l's ,supp] ( #aebh4 ,! publication ( private confessions does n necess>ily involve an impropriety2 = accord+ to ,matt4 #aj1 #cb #cc & #a ,pet4 #c1 #ae n only ! ,*ur* z a :ole1 b individual ,*ri/ians z well are privileg$ & 9 duty b\nd to confess ! ,*ri/ian tru? ov] aga9/ its public assailants4 ,self-evid5tly1 only su* are symbols ( p>ticul> *ur*es z h be5 approv$ & adopt$ by !m4 ,! symbols ( ! ,*ur*1 says ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 %\ld n be bas$ on private writ+s1 b on su* books z h be5 compos$1 approv$1 & receiv$ 9 ! "n ( ! *ur*es :i* pl$ge !mselves to "o doctr9e & religion4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl41 #hea1 #b47 ,n be+ =mally & explicitly adopt$ by all ,*ri/ians1 ! specifically ,lu!ran confessions also are g5]ally reg>d$ z p>ticul> symbols4 ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z !y are 9 complete agreem5t ) ,holy ,scripture1 & 9 ?is respect diff] f all o!r p>ticul> symbols1 ! ,lu!ran confessions are truly ecum5ical & ca?olic 9 "*4 ,!y conta9 ! tru?s believ$ univ]sally by true ,*ri/ians ev]y:]e1 explicitly by all consi/5t ,*ri/ians1 implicitly ev5 by inconsi/5t & err+ ,*ri/ians4 ,*ri/ian tru?1 be+ "o & ! same ! _w ov] is none o!r ?an t :i* is f\nd 9 ! ,lu!ran confessions4 #b4 ,! ,g]man ,book ( ,concord4 ,! pr9t+ ( ! (ficial ,g]man edition ( ! ,book ( ,concord 0 begun 9 #aegh "u ! editor%ip ( ,jacob ,&reae4 ,! #be? ( ,june1 #aehj1 h[ev]1 ! fiftie? anniv]s>y ( ! pres5tation ( ! ,augsburg ,confession to ,emp]or ,*>les ,v1 0 *os5 z ! date = its (ficial publication at ,dresd5 & its promulgation to ! g5]al public4 ,foll[+ are ! cont5ts ( "o ( ! five ,dresd5 folio copies :i* we h comp>$3 #a4 ,! title-page1 conclud+ ) ! words1 ,mit ,*urf4 ,g4 zu ,sa*s5 ,befreiung4 ,dresd5 ,,mdlxxx4 #b4 ,! preface1 z adopt$ & sign$ by ! e/ates at ,juet]bock 9 #aegi1 :i* supplant$ ! explanation1 orig9ally plann$1 ( ! !ologians aga9/ ! v>i\s attacks made ^u ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 #c4 ,! ?ree ,ecum5ical ,symbols4 #d4 ,! ,augsburg ,confession ( #aecj4 #e4 ,! ,apology ( #aecj4 #f4 ,! ,smalcald ,articles ( #aecg1 ) ! app5dix1 ,conc]n+ ! ,p[] & ,supremacy ( ! ,pope4 #g4 ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism1 omitt+ ! ,booklets ( ,m>riage & ,baptism1 f\nd 9 "s copies4 #h4 ,lu!r's ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 #i4 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord1 ) sep>ate title-pages = ! ,epitome & ! ,solida ,decl>atio1 bo? dat$ #aehj4 #aj4 ,! signatures ( ! !ologians1 etc41 am\nt+ to ab\t #h1jjj4 #aa4 ,! ,catalogus ,te/imoniorum1 ) ! sup]scription ,app5dix 7f\nd 9 "s copies only74 ,! ,preface is foll[$ by a ,privilegium sign$ by ,elector ,augu/ & gu>antee+ to ,mat!s ,/oeckel & ,gimel ,b]g5 ! sole "r ( publication1 a docum5t n f\nd 9 ! o!r copies we comp>$4 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord is foll[$ by a twelve-page index ( ! doctr9es treat$ 9 ! ,book ( ,concord1 & ! li/ ( signatures1 by a page conta9+ ! trade-m>k ( ! pr9t]4 ,! c5t] ( ?is page features a cut inscrib$1 ,mat!s ,/oeckel ,gimel ,b]g5 #aegi4 ,! cut is head$ by ,ps4 #i1 #a4 #b3 ,i* danke dem ,h]rn von ganzem ,h]z5 und erzaehle all de9e ,wund]4 ,i* freue mi* und b9 froehli* 9 dir und lobe de95 ,nam51 du ,all]hoe*/]4 ,i ?ank ! ,"l ) all my he>t & proclaim all ,?y wond]s4 ,i am glad & rejoice 9 ,!e1 & praise ,?y "n1 ,?\ ,mo/ ,high4 ,"u ! cut are ! words3 ,g$ruckt zu ,dresd5 dur* ,mat!s ,/oeckel4 ,anno #aehj4 ,pr9t$ by ,mat!s ,/oeckel1 ,dresd51 #aehj4 ,9 a lett] dat$ ,novemb] #g1 #aehj1 ,m>t9 ,*emnitz speaks ( two ,dresd5 folio editions ( ! ,g]man ,book ( ,concord1 :ile ,feu]l9us1 9 #ageb1 c\nts sev5 ,dresd5 editions4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! ,dresd5 folio copies diff] f "o ano!r1 bo? z to typography & cont5ts4 ,foll[+ are ! *ief diff]5ces ( ! latt] k9d3 #a4 ,only "s copies h ! liturgical ,=ms ( ,baptism & ( ,m>riage app5d$ to ! ,small ,cate*ism4 #b4 ,! ,catalogus is n entitl$ ,app5dix 9 all copies1 because x 0 n reg>d$ z a "p ( ! confession prop]4 #c4 ,9 "s copies ! passage f ! ,augsburg ,confession1 quot$ 9 ,art4 #b1 #bi ( ! ,solida ,decl>atio1 is tak51 n f ! ,ma9z ,manuscript1 b f ! qu>to edition ( #aeca1 :i* already conta9$ "s alt]ations4 #d4 ,"s copies are dat$ #aehj1 :ile o!rs be> ! date #aegi or #aeha4 ,dr4 ,kolde gives x z 8 op9ion t 9 spite ( all ^! & o!r 7*iefly typographical7 diff]5ces !y are nev]!less all copies ( "o & ! same edition1 ) *anges only 9 individual %eets4 7,hi/oris*e ,e9leitung 9 die ,symbolis*5 ,bue*] d] ev4-lu?4 ,kir*e1 p4 #gj47 ,dr4 ,ts*ack]t incl9es to ! same view1 say+3 ,su* copies ( ?is edition z h be5 pres]v$ exhibit1 9 places1 typographical diff]5ces4 ,?is1 accord+ to ,polyc>p ,leys]'s ,kurz] und gegru5det] ,b]i*t1 ,dresd51 #aeig 7,kolde1 #gj71 is due to ! fact t ! manuscript 0 ru%$ ?r\gh ! press & s5t 9 sep>ate %eets to ! int]e/$ e/ates1 & t1 :ile ! =ms 7 9 press1 *anges 7 made on ! basis ( ! criticisms s5t 9 f "t to "t1 yet n equally1 s t "s copies diff] 9 c]ta9 %eets & ins]tions4 7,die ,ent/ehung d] lu?4 und d] ref4 ,kir*5lehre1 #aiaj1 p4 #fba47 ,h[ev]1 :ile ?is hypo!sis expla9s a numb] ( ! v>iations 9 ! ,dresd5 folio copies1 x does n acc\nt = all ( !m especially n = ^? ( a typographical nature4 ,9 "o ( ! five copies :i* we comp>$1 ! title-page1 radically diff]+ f ! o!rs1 reads z foll[s3 ,=mula ,concordiae4 ,das i/3 ,*ri/li*e1 ,heilsame ,re9e ,v]glei*unge1 9 wel*] die ,goettli*e ,le] von d5 vornemb/5 ,artikeln vns]] wahrhafftig5 ,religion1 aus heilig] ,s*rift 9 kurtze bekanntnues od] ,symbola vnd ,le]hafte ,s*rifft513 wel*e allb]eit vor dies] zeit von d5 ,kir*5 ,gottes ,augspurgis*] ,confession1 ang5omm5 vnd approbi]t31 v]fasset4 ,sampt be/5dig]1 9 ,gottes wort wolgegru5det]1 ri*tig]1 endli*] wid]holung1 erkl]ung und ents*eidung d]5 ,/reit1 wel*e vnt] etli*5 ,!olog51 s si* zu ermelt] ,confession bekant1 fu]gefall54 ,alles na* inhalt d] heilig5 ,s*rifft1 als d] e9ig5 ,ri*ts*nur d] ,goettli*5 wahrheit1 vnd na* anleitung obgemeldt] 9 d] ,kir*5 ,gottes1 approbi]t5 ,s*rifft54 ,auff gn$ig/51 gn$ig51 au* guetig/5 beuehl1 v]ordnung und e9willigung na* bes*rieb5] ,*ri/li*5 ,*urfu]/51 ,fu]/5 vnd ,/5de des heilig5 ,roemis*5 ,rei*s ,deuts*] ,nation1 ,augspurgis*] ,confession1 d]selb5 ,l&51 ,kir*51 ,s*ul5 vnd ,na*komm5 zum tro/ vnd be/5 9 ,druck vorf]tiget4 ,m4 ,d4 ,,lxxix4 7,=mula ( ,concord1 t is1 ,*ri/ian1 :olesome1 pure agreem5t1 9 :i* ! div9e doctr9e ( ! *ief articles ( our true religion h be5 drawn up f ! ,holy ,scripture 9 %ort confessions or symbols & doctr9al writ+s1 :i* h already be=e ?is "t be5 accept$ & approv$ by ! ,*ur*es ( ,god ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 toge!r ) a firm1 ,scripturally well-f\nd$1 correct1 f9al repetition1 explanation & decision ( ^? controv]sies :i* h aris5 among "s !ologians :o h subscrib$ to said ,confession1 all ( :i* has be5 drawn up accord+ to ! cont5ts ( ,holy ,scripture1 ! sole norm ( div9e ,tru?1 & accord+ to ! analogy ( ! above-nam$ writ+s :i* h ! approval ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,god4 ,publi%$ by ! mo/ graci\s1 k9d1 & b5evol5t comm&1 ord]1 & ass5t ( ! subscrib$ ,*ri/ian ,electors1 pr9ces1 & e/ates ( ! ,holy ,roman ,empire1 ( ! ,g]man nation1 ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 = ! com=t & b5efit ( said l&s *ur*es1 s*ools1 & po/]ity4 #aegi47 ,ap>t f ! above title ?is copy diff]s f ! o!rs we exam9$ 9 v>i\s ways ,ev]y:]e 7at f\r diff]5t places7 x be>s ! date #aegi1 :i*1 on ! *ief title-page1 h[ev]1 seems to h be5 ent]$ 9 ink at a lat] date4 ,also ! place ( publication1 evid5tly ,dresd51 is n indicat$4 ,two v>iations are f\nd 9 ! ,preface to ! ,book ( ,concord1 "o an omission1 ! o!r an addition4 ,! signatures ( ! pr9ces & e/ates to ! ,preface are omitt$4 ,mat]ial & =mal diff]5ces are f\nd also on ! pages conta9+ ! subscriptions ( ! !ologians to ! ,=mula ( ,concord2 & ! ,catalogus is lack+ entirely4 ,! typography ev]y:]e1 especially 9 ! portions pr9t$ 9 ,roman type1 exhibits _m v>iations & div]g5ces f our o!r f\r copies1 :i*1 9 turn1 are also *>act]iz$ by num]\s typographical & o!r v>iations4 ,! copy ( :i*1 above1 we h giv5 ! cont5ts is dat$ ?r\gh\t #aehj4 ,our ?ird copy be>s ! same date #aehj1 except+ on ! title-page ( ! ,solida ,decl>atio1 :i* has #aegi4 ,9 bo? ( ^! copies ! typography ( ! signatures to ! ,book ( ,concord is practically alike4 ,9 our f\r? copy ! date #aehj is f\nd on ! title-page ( ! ,concordia1 ! ,catalogus1 & ! app5d$ ,saxon ,*ur* ,ord]1 :i* cov]s #dcc pages1 :ile ! title-pages ( ! ,epitome & ! ,decl>atio & ! page c>ry+ ! pr9t]'s impr9t are all dat$ #aegi4 ,9 ?is copy ! typography ( ! signatures closely resembles t ( ! copy dat$ ev]y:]e #aegi4 ,9 our fif? ,dresd5 folio copy1 ! title-page ( ! ,book ( ,concord & ! ,catalogus are dat$ #aehj1 :ile ! title-pages ( ! ,epitome & ,solida ,decl>atio are dat$ #aegi4 ,?is is also ! only copy 9 :i* ! ,catalogus is pr9t$ "u ! special head+ ,app5dix4 ,9 view ( ^! facts1 especially ! v>iation ( ! ,roman type 9 all copies1 ,kolde's hypo!sis w h>dly be reg>d$ z firmly e/abli%$4 ,ev5 if we elim9ate ! copy :i* is ev]y:]e dat$ #aegi1 ! v>iations 9 our f\r rema9+ ,dresd5 folio copies _c be expla9$ satisfactorily )\t assum+ ei!r sev]al editions or at lea/ sev]al diff]5t compositions = ! same edition1 or p]haps = ! two editions m5tion$ by ,*emnitz4 ,feu]l9us di/+ui%es sev5 ,dresd5 editions ( ! ,book ( ,concord--"o1 pr9t$ = ! great] "p 9 #aegh1 ! second1 ?ird1 & f\r? 9 #aehj1 ! fif? 9 #aeha1 ! six? also 9 #aeha1 b 9 qu>to1 & ! sev5? 9 #aeih1 9 folio4 7,biblio!ca ,symbolica1 #ageb1 p4 #i47 ,a copy l ! "o ref]r$ to above1 :i* is ev]y:]e dat$ #aegi1 does n seem to h come to ! notice ( ,feu]l9us4 ,9 ! copy ( ! ,tueb+5 folio edition :i* is be=e u1 ! ,index foll[s ! ,preface4 ,! app5dices ( ! ,small ,cate*ism are omitt$1 likewise ! sup]scription ,app5dix ( ! ,catalogus4 ,our copy ( ! ,heidelb]g folio edition ( #aehb omits ! ,catalogus & adds ! ,apology ( ! ,book ( ,concord ( #aehc1 z also ! ,refutation ( ! ,brem5 ,pa/ors ( ! same ye>4 ,a copy ( ! ,magdeburg qu>to edition ly+ be=e u has ! ye> #aehj on ! title-pages ( ! ,book ( ,concord1 ! ,epitome1 ! ,decl>atio1 & ! ,catalogus4 ,! ,preface is foll[$ by ?ree pages1 on :i* ,joa*im ,fr$]ick gu>antees to ,?omas ,frantz5 ,bu*vorleg]n 7,?omas ,frantz51 publi%]s7 ! sole "r ( publication = a p]iod ( five ye>s1 & prohibits ! introduction ( o!r copies1 except+ only ^? ( ! ,dresd5 folio edition ( #aehj4 ,lu!r's ,booklets ( ,m>riage & ( ,baptism are app5d$ to ! ,small ,cate*ism1 & to ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism is add$ ,e9e kurze ,v]mahnung zu d] ,bei*t1 ,a ,brief ,exhortation to ,confession4 7,none ( ! ,dresd5 folio copies we comp>$ conta9 ^! app5dices1 nor are !y f\nd 9 ! ,lat9 editions ( #aehj & #aehd47 ,! index is foll[$ by a page ( correct$ mispr9ts4 ,! la/ page has ! foll[+ impr9t3 ,g$ruckt zu ,magdeburg dur* ,johann ,meiszn] und ,joa*im ,wald5 ,erb51 ,anno #aehj1 ,pr9t$ at ,magdeburg by ,john ,meissn]'s & ,joa*im ,wald5's heirs4 ,9 ! ye> #aehj4 #c4 ,! ,lat9 ,concordia4 ,ev5 be=e ! close ( #aehj1 ,selnecc] publi%$ a ,lat9 ,concordia conta9+ a translation ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord begun by ,lucas ,osi&] 9 #aegh & complet$ by ,jacob ,he]br&4 ,x 0 a private und]tak+ &1 ow+ to its num]\s & p>tly (f5sive mi/akes1 f\nd no recognition4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ! passage ( ! ,tractatus ,de ,pote/ate et ,primatu ,papae 9 sec4 #bd3 ,*ri/ gives ! highe/ & f9al judgm5t to ! *ur*1 0 r5d]$ z foll[s3 ,et ,*ri/us summum et ultimum f]culum apponit ecclesiae4 7p4 #cag47 ,besides1 ,selnecc] _h embodi$ 9 8 ,concordia ! objectionable text ( ! ,augsburg ,confession f\nd 9 ! octavo edition ( #aeca1 :i* ,melan*?on _h alt]$ ext5sively4 ,! necess>y revision ( ! ,lat9 text 0 made at ! conv5tion 9 ,qu$l9burg dur+ ,decemb]1 #aehb1 & ,janu>y1 #aehc1 ,*emnitz giv+ mat]ial assi/ance4 ,! revis$ edition1 :i* con/itutes ! ,lat9 textus receptus ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 0 publi%$ at ,leipzig 9 #aehd4 ,aside f _m corrections1 ?is edition conta9s ! translation ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord z already correct$ by ,selnecc] 9 #aehb = 8 special ,lat9-,g]man edition1 & aft]w>ds ?or\ghly revis$ by ,*emnitz4 ,! texts ( ! ,augsburg ,confession & ! ,apology foll[ ! editio pr9ceps ( #aeca4 ,! #h1jjj signatures1 embodi$ also 9 ! ,lat9 edition ( #aehj1 7 omitt$1 le/ any "o might compla9 t 8 "n 0 app5d$ to a book :i* he _h nei!r se5 nor approv$4 ,9 keep+ h]e)1 ! words 9 ! title ( ! ,book ( ,concord3 et nom9a sua huic libro subscrips]unt--& h subscrib$ _! names to ?is book1 :i* ,muell] reta9$ 9 8 edition1 7 elim9at$4 ,! title-page concludes z 9 ! edition ( #aehj1 ! ^w d5uo only be+ add$ & ! date correspond+ly *ang$4 ,on ! la/ two pages ( ?is edition ( #aehd ,selnecc] ref]s to ! edition ( #aehj z foll[s3 ,antea publicatus e/ lib] ,*ri/ianae ,concordiae1 ,lat9e1 s$ privato et fe/9ato in/ituto1 ,be=e ?is ! ,book ( ,concord has be5 publi%$ 9 ,lat91 b z a private & ha/y und]tak+4 ,9 ! edition ( #aehd1 ! text ( ! ,small ,cate*ism is adorn$ ) #bc ,biblical illu/rations4 ,among ! lat] notewor?y editions ( ! ,book ( ,concord are ! foll[+3 ,tueb+5 #aeii2 ,leipzig1 #afjc1 #afbb2 ,/uttg>t #affj1 #afha4 ,editions furni%$ ) introductions or annotations or bo?3 ,h4 ,pipp+1 #agjc2 ,s4,j4 ,baumg>t51 #agdg2 ,j4,w4 ,s*oepff1 ,"p ,i1 #ahbf1 ,"p ,,ii1 #ahbg2 ,f4,a4 ,koe!1 #ahcj2 ,j4,a4 ,detz]1 #ahcj2 ,f4,w4 ,bodemann1 #ahdc4 ,9 ,am]ica ! entire ,book ( ,concord 0 pr9t$ 9 ,g]man by ,h4 ,ludwig1 ( ,new ,york1 9 #ahdh1 & by ! ,concordia ,publi%+ ,h\se ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ,mo41 9 #ahhj4 ,9 ,leipzig1 ,lat9 editions appe>$ 9 ! ye>s #afjb1 #afjf1 #afab1 #afah1 #afbf1 #afed1 #affi1 #afgg4 ,adam ,re*5b]g's edition ) an app5dix 9 ?ree p>ts & new indices 7cum app5dice trip>tita et novis indicibus7 saw five editions--#afgh1 #afih1 #agab1 #agbe1 #agdb4 ,we m5tion also ! edition ( ,pfaffius1 #agcj2 ,tittmann1 #ahag2 ,h4,a4,g4 ,mey]1 #ahcj1 conta9+ a good preface2 ,k>l ,hase1 9 8 editions ( #ahbg1 #ahcg1 & #ahde1 0 ! fir/ to numb] ! p>agraphs4 ,re9eccius prep>$ a ,g]man-,lat9 edition 9 #agjh4 ,?is 0 foll[$ 9 #agej by ! ,g]man-,lat9 edition ( ,johann ,georg ,wal*4 ,muell]'s well-kn[n ,g]man-,lat9 ,concordia saw elev5 editions betwe5 #ahdg & #aiab4 ,s9ce #aijg x appe>s ) hi/orical introductions by ,?4 ,kolde4 #d4 ,engli% ,translations4 ,all ( ! ,lu!ran symbols h be5 translat$ into ! ,engli% language repeat$ly4 ,9 #aecf ,ri*>d ,tav5] prep>$ ! fir/ translation ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,cranm] publi%$1 9 #aedh1 ,a ,%ort ,in/ruction into ! ,*ri/ian ,religion1 ess5tially a translation ( ! ,ansba*-,nu]nb]g ,s]mons on ! ,cate*ism4 ,9 #ahcd a translation ( ! ,g]man text ( ! ,augsburg ,confession ) ,prelim9>y ,obs]vations 0 publi%$ at ,newm>ket1 ,va41 by ,*>les ,h5kel1 ,pr(4 ,s*midt ( ! ,sem9>y at ,columbus ,o41 assi/+ 9 ?is "w4 ,! ,introduction to ! ,newm>ket ,book ( ,concord assigns ,h5kel's translation ( ! ,augsburg ,confession to ! ye> #ahca4 ,our copy1 h[ev]1 :i* does n claim to be a second edition1 is dat$ #ahcd4 ,9 8 ,popul> ,!ology ( #ahcd1 ,s4,s4 ,s*muck] (f]$ a translation ( ! ,lat9 text1 mutilat$ 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 ,am]ican ,lu!ranism4 ,hazelius foll[$ him ) a translation 9 #ahda4 ,9 #ahdh1 ,ludwig1 ( ,new ,york1 issu$ a translation ( ! ,g]man text ( ! ,unalt]$ ,augsburg ,confession1 z well z ( ! ,introduction1 prep>$ by ,c4,h4 ,s*ott1 toge!r ) ! ,ecum5ical ,symbols1 also ) introductions4 ,! title-page ( our copy li/s ! price ( ! book at #ab #a_/b c5ts4 ,c4,p4 ,krau?'s translation ( ! ,augsburg ,confession appe>$ 9 #ahfh4 ,! fir/ complete translation ( ! ,g]man text ( ! entire ,book ( ,concord 0 publi%$ 9 #ahea by ! publi%+ h\se ( ,solomon ,d4 ,h5kel ,bros41 at ,newm>ket1 ,va4 ,9 ?is translation1 h[ev]1 great] /ress 0 laid on lit]>y /yle ?an ^u an exact reproduction ( ! orig9al4 ,ambrose & ,socrates ,h5kel prep>$ ! translation ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ! ,apology1 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 ! ,app5dix1 & ! ,articles ( ,visitation4 ,! ,small ,cate*ism 0 (f]$ 9 ! translation prep>$ by ,david ,h5kel 9 #ahbg4 ,! ,l>ge ,cate*ism 0 translat$ by ,j4 ,/irewalt2 ! ,epitome1 by ,h4 ,wetzel2 ! ,decl>atio1 by ,j4,r4 ,mos]4 ,! second1 improv$ edition ( #ahed conta9$ a translation ( ! ,augsburg ,confession by ,c4 ,philip ,krau?1 ! ,apology 0 translat$ by ,w4,f4 ,lehmann1 ! ,smalcald ,articles by ,w4,m4 ,reynolds1 ! two ,cate*isms by ,j4,g4 ,morris1 & ! ,=mula ( ,concord toge!r ) ! ,catalogus by ,c4,f4 ,s*aeff]4 ,9 bo? editions ! hi/orical introductions pres5t a reproduction ( ! mat]ial 9 ,j4,t4 ,muell]'s ,book ( ,concord4 ,9 #ahhb a new ,engli% translation ( ! entire ,book ( ,concord1 toge!r ) introductions & o!r confessional mat]ial1 appe>$ 9 two volumes1 edit$ by ,dr4 ,h4,e4 ,jacobs4 ,! fir/ volume ( ?is edition embraces ! confessional writ+s ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,x conta9s ,c4,p4 ,krau?'s translation ( ! ,augsburg ,confession z revis$ = ,s*aff's ,cre$s ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,jacobs translat$ ! ,apology 7f ! ,lat91 ) ins]tions1 9 brackets1 ( translations f ! ,g]man text71 ! ,smalcald ,articles 7f ! ,g]man71 ! ,tractatus 7f ! ,lat971 & ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,! translation ( ! ,small ,cate*ism 0 prep>$ by a committee ( ! ,m9i/]ium ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,! ,l>ge ,cate*ism 0 done into ,engli% by ,a4 ,m>t94 ,a repr9t ( ?is edition appe>$ 9 #aiaa1 entitl$ ,p's ,edition1 9 :i* ! ,augsburg ,confession is pres5t$ 9 a translation prep>$ by a committee ( ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 ! ,g5]al ,synod1 ! ,unit$ ,synod 9 ! ,s\?1 & ! ,ohio ,synod4 ,! second volume ( ,jacobs's edition ( ! ,book ( ,concord embodies hi/orical introductions to ! ,lu!ran symbols1 translations ( ! ,m>burg ,articles1 ! ,s*waba* ,articles1 ! ,torgau ,articles1 ! ,alt]$ ,augsburg ,confession ( #aedj & #aedb1 ,zw+li's ,ratio ,fidei1 ! ,tetrapolitana1 ! ,romi% ,confutatio1 ,melan*?on's ,op9ion ( #aecj1 ,lu!r's ,s]mon on ! ,desc5t into ,hell ( #aecc1 ! ,witt5b]g ,concordia1 ! ,leipzig ,int]im ! ,catalogus ,te/imoniorum1 ! ,articles ( ,visitation1 & ! ,decretum ,upsali5se ( #aeic4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,fai? & ,*ur* ,polity ( ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil & an index complete ?is volume4 ,a ,norwegian & a ,sw$i% translation ( ! ,book ( ,concord h also be5 publi%$ 9 ,am]ica4 #e4 ,corpora ,doctr9ae ,supplant$ by ,book ( ,concord4 ,m ?an tw5ty diff]5t ,lu!ran collections ( symbols or corpora doctr9ae 7a t]m fir/ employ$ by ,melan*?on71 mo/ ( !m bulky1 _h appe>$ aft] ! dea? ( ,lu!r & be=e ! adoption ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 by :i* q a numb] ( !m 7 supplant$4 ,f ! signatures to its ,preface x appe>s t ! entire ,book ( ,concord 0 adopt$ by #c electors1 #bj pr9ces1 #bd c\nts1 #d b>ons1 & #ce imp]ial cities4 ,& ! li/ ( signatures app5d$ to ! ,=mula ( ,concord conta9s ab\t #h1jjj names ( !ologians1 prea*]s1 & s*ooltea*]s4 ,ab\t two-?irds ( ! ,g]man t]ritories :i* pr(ess$ adh]5ce to ! ,augsburg ,confession adopt$ & introduc$ ! ,book ( ,concord z _! corpus doctr9ae4 7,comp>e ,hi/orical ,introduction to ! ,=mula ( ,concord47 ,among ! corpora doctr9ae :i* 7 gradually sup]s$$ by ! ,book ( ,concord are ! foll[+3 #a4 ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,philippicum1 or ,misnicum1 or ,witt5b]g5se ( #aefj1 conta9+ besides ! ,?ree ,ecum5ical ,symbols1 ! foll[+ works ( ,melan*?on3 ,v>iata1 ,apologia1 ,repetitio ,augu/anae ,confessionis1 ,loci1 ,exam5 ,ord9&orum ( #aeeb1 ,responsio ad ,articulos ,bav>icae ,inquisitionis1 ,refutatio ,s]veti4 ,melan*?on1 %ortly be=e 8 dea?1 wrote ! preface = ! ,lat9 z well z ! ,g]man edition ( ?is ,corpus4 #b4 ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,pom]anicum ( #aefd :i* adds ,lu!r's ,cate*isms1 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 & ?ree o!r works ( ,lu!r to ! ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,philippicum1 :i* _h be5 adopt$ #aefa4 #c4 ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,prut5icum1 or ,borussicum1 ( ,prussia1 #aefg1 conta9+ ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ! ,apology1 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 & ,repetition ( ! ,sum & ,cont5t ( ! ,true1 ,univ]sal ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ! ,*ur*1 writt5 by ,mo]l9 & ,*emnitz4 #d4 ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,?ur+icum 9 ,ducal ,saxony1 ( #aegj1 conta9+ ! ,?ree ,ecum5ical ,symbols1 ,lu!r's ,cate*isms1 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 ! ,confession ( ! ,l&$ ,e/ates 9 ,?ur+ia 7drawn up by ,ju/us ,m5ius 9 #aedi71 & ! ,pr9ce ( ,saxony's ,book ( ,confutation 7,konfutationsbu*7 ( #aeeh4 #e4 ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,br&5burgicum ( #aegb1 conta9+ ! ,augsburg ,confession accord+ to ! ,ma9z ,manuscript1 ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism1 ,explanation ( ! ,augsburg ,confession drawn f ! po/ils & doctr9al writ+s ( ! fai?ful man ( ,god ,dr4 ,lu!r by ,&reas ,musculus1 & a ,*ur* ,ag5da4 #f4 ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,wilhelm9um ( ,lu5eburg1 #aegf1 conta9+ ! ,?ree ,ecum5ical ,symbols1 ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ! ,apology1 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 ,lu!r's ,cate*isms1 ,=mulae ,caute ,loqu5di 7,=ms ( ,speak+ ,cauti\sly7 by ,dr4 ,urbanus ,regius1 & ,=mulae ,recte ,s5ti5di de ,praecipuis ,horum ,temporum ,controv]siis 7,=ms ( ,?9k+ ,correctly conc]n+ ! ,*ief ,controv]sies ( ,^! ,times7 by ,m>t9 ,*emnitz4 #g4 ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,iulium ( ,duke ,julius ( ,brauns*weig-,wolf5buettel1 #aegf1 conta9+ ! docum5ts ( ! ,wilhelm9um1 ) ! sole addition ( ! ,%ort ,report ( ,"s ,prom95t ,articles ( ,doctr9e1 f ! ,*ur* ,ord] ( ,duke ,julius1 ( #aefi4 #h4 ,! ,hamburg ,book ( ,confession ( #aefj1 :i* 0 also adopt$ by ,luebeck & ,lu5eburg1 & conta9$ a confession aga9/ ! ,int]im drawn up by ,aep9us 9 #aedh1 & also f\r decl>ations conc]n+ ,adiaphorism1 ,osi&rism1 ,majorism1 & ! doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 drawn up s9ce #aedi4 #i4 ,! ,confessional ,book ( ,brauns*weig1 adopt$ 9 #aefc & reaffirm$ 9 #aegj1 conta9+1 ,! ,brauns*weig ,*ur* ,ord] ( #aebh1 ! ,unalt]$ ,augsburg ,confession1 ! ,apology !re(1 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 ,explanation1 etc41 drawn up at ,lu5eburg 9 #aefa aga9/ ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s4 #aj4 ,! ,*ur* ,ord] ( ! city ( ,goett+5 #aefh1 conta9+ ! ,*ur* ,ord] ( ,goett+5 ( #aeca1 ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism1 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & ! ,apology4 7,ts*ack]t1 l4c41 #fac;f42 ,feu]l9us1 l4c41 #a;f47 #f4 ,subscription to ,confessions4 ,! position accord$ ! symbols 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* is cle>ly def9$ by ! ,book ( ,concord itself4 ,accord+ to x ,holy ,scripture alone is to be reg>d$ z ! sole rule & norm by :i* absolutely all doctr9es & tea*]s are to be judg$4 ,! object ( ! ,augu/ana1 z /at$ 9 its ,preface1 0 to %[ :at mann] ( doctr9e has be5 set =?1 9 our l&s & *ur*es f ! ,holy ,scripture & ! pure ,^w ( ,god4 ,& 9 its ,conclusion ! ,lu!ran confessors decl>e3 ,no?+ has be5 receiv$ on our "p aga9/ ,scripture or ! ,*ur* ,ca?olic1 & we are ready1 ,god will+1 to pres5t ampl] in=mation accord+ to ! ,scriptures4 ,iuxta ,scripturam--su* are ! clos+ words ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,! ,lu!ran ,*ur* kn[s ( no o!r pr9ciple4 ,9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord we read3 ,o!r writ+s1 h[ev]1 ( anci5t or mod]n tea*]s1 :atev] "n !y be>1 mu/ n be reg>d$ z equal to ! ,holy ,scriptures1 b all ( !m toge!r be subject$ to !m1 & %\ld n be receiv$ o!rwise or fur!r ?an z witnesses1 :i* are to %[ 9 :at mann] aft] ! "t ( ! apo/les1 & at :at places1 ?is doctr9e ( ! prophets & apo/les 0 pres]v$4 7#ggg1 #b47 ,9 ! ,conclusion ( ! ,catalog ( ,te/imonies we read3 ,! true sav+ fai? is to be f\nd$ ^u no *ur*-tea*]s1 old or new1 b only & alone ^u ,god's ,^w1 :i* is compris$ 9 ! ,scriptures ( ! holy prophets & apo/les1 z unque/ionable witnesses ( div9e tru?4 7#aadi47 ,! ,lu!ran symbols1 !re=e1 are n int5d$ to supplant ! ,scriptures1 nor d !y d s4 ,!y d1 h[ev]1 set =? :at has be5 at all times ! unanim\s und]/&+ ( ! pure ,*ri/ian doctr9e adh]$ to by s9c]e & loyal ,lu!rans ev]y:]e2 &1 at ! same "t1 !y %[ conv9c+ly f ! ,scriptures t our =efa!rs did inde$ manfully confess no?+ b ,god's et]nal tru?1 :i* e ,*ri/ian is 9 duty b\nd to1 & consi/5tly always w1 believe1 tea*1 & confess4 ,! mann] also 9 :i* ,lu!rans pl$ge !mselves confessionally appe>s f ^! symbols4 ,! ,augsburg ,confession 0 endors$ by ! pr9ces & e/ates z foll[s3 ,! above articles we desire to pres5t 9 accordance ) ! edict ( ,y\r ,imp]ial ,maje/y1 9 ord] to exhibit our ,confession & let m5 see a summ>y ( ! doctr9e ( our tea*]s4 7#ie1 #f47 ,9 ! preamble to ! signatures ( #aecg ! ,lu!ran prea*]s unanim\sly confess3 ,we h r]ead ! articles ( ! ,confession pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or 9 ! ,assembly at ,augsburg1 & by ! favor ( ,god all ! prea*]s :o h be5 pres5t 9 ?is ,assembly at ,smalcald h>moni\sly decl>e t !y believe & tea* 9 _! *ur*es accord+ to ! articles ( ! ,confession & ,apology4 7#ebi47 ,john ,br5z decl>es t he _h read & r]ead1 "t & aga91 ! ,confession1 ! ,apology1 etc41 & judg$ t all ^! agree ) ,holy ,scripture1 & ) ! belief ( ! true & g5u9e ca?olic ,*ur* 7haec omnia conv5ire cum ,sacra ,scriptura et cum s5t5tia v]ae kai gnesies ca?olicae ecclesiae74 7#ebi47 ,ano!r subscription--to ! ,smalcald ,articles--reads3 ,i1 ,conrad ,fig5botz1 = ! glory ( ,god subscribe t ,i h ?us believ$ & am /ill prea*+ & firmly believ+ z above4 7#ejc1 #ac47 ,brixius writes 9 a simil> ve93 ,i 444 subscribe to ! ,articles ( ! rev]5d ,fa!r ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 & confess t hi!rto ,i h ?us believ$ & taught1 & by ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ ,i %all cont9ue ?us to believe & tea*4 7#ejc1 #bg47 ,9 ! ,preface to ! ,?or\gh ,decl>ation ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord ! ,lu!ran confessors decl>e3 ,to ?is ,*ri/ian ,augsburg ,confession1 s ?or\ghly gr\nd$ 9 ,god's ,^w1 we h]e) pl$ge ourselves aga9 f our inmo/ he>ts4 ,we abide by its simple1 cle>1 & unadult]at$ mean+ z ! words convey x1 & reg>d ! said ,confession z a pure ,*ri/ian symbol1 ) :i* at ! pres5t "t true ,*ri/ians ought to be f\nd next to ,god's ,^w4444 ,we int5d also1 by ! grace ( ! ,almighty1 fai?fully to abide until our end by ?is ,*ri/ian ,confession1 m5tion$ sev]al times1 z x 0 deliv]$ 9 ! ye> #aecj to ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v2 & x is our purpose1 nei!r 9 ?is nor 9 any o!r writ+1 to rec$e 9 ! lea/ f t (t-cit$ ,confession1 nor to propose ano!r or new confession4 7#hdg1 #d4 #e47 ,aga93 ,we confess also ! ,fir/1 ,unalt]$ ,augsburg ,confession z our symbol = ?is "t 7n because x 0 compos$ by our !ologians1 b because x has be5 tak5 f ,god's ,^w & is f\nd$ firmly & well !re971 precisely 9 ! =m 9 :i* x 0 committ$ to writ+ 9 ! ye> #aecj1 & pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v at ,augsburg4 7#hea1 #e47 ,9 l mann] ! rema9+ ,lu!ran symbols 7 adopt$4 7#heb4 #ggg47 ,o!r books1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord decl>es1 are acc\nt$ useful1 z f> z 7w(]n1 quat5us7 !y are consi/5t ) ! ,scriptures & ! symbols4 7#hee1 #aj47 ,! symbols1 h[ev]1 are accept$ t we may h a unanim\sly receiv$1 def9ite1 common =m ( doctr9e1 :i* all our ,evangelical *ur*es toge!r & 9 common confess1 f & accord+ to :i*1 because 7cum1 weil7 x has be5 d]iv$ f ,god's ,^w1 all o!r writ+s %\ld be judg$ & adju/$1 z to h[ f> 7wief]n1 quat5us7 !y are to be approv$ & accept$4 7#hee1 #aj47 ,aft] its adoption by ! ,lu!ran electors1 pr9ces1 & e/ates1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 & ) x ! entire ,book ( ,concord1 01 z /at$1 solemnly subscrib$ by ab\t #h1jjj !ologians1 pa/ors1 & tea*]s1 ! pl$ge read+ z foll[s3 ,s9ce n[1 9 ! sight ( ,god & ( all ,*ri/5dom1 we wi% to te/ify to ^? n[ liv+ & ^? :o %all come aft] u t ?is decl>ation h]e) pres5t$ conc]n+ all ! controv]t$ articles a=em5tion$ & expla9$1 & no o!r1 is our fai?1 doctr9e1 & confession 9 :i* we are also will+1 by ,god's grace to appe> ) intrepid he>ts be=e ! judgm5t-seat ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & give an acc\nt ( x2 & t we w nei!r privately nor publicly speak or write any?+ contr>y to x1 b1 by ! help ( ,god's grace1 int5d to abide !reby3 !re=e1 aft] mature delib]ation1 we h1 9 ,god's fe> & ) ! invocation ( ,8 "n1 atta*$ our signatures ) our own h&s4 7#aajc1 #dj47 ,fur!rmore1 9 ! ,preface to ! ,book ( ,concord ! pr9ces & e/ates decl>e t _m *ur*es & s*ools _h receiv$ ! ,augsburg ,confession z a symbol ( ! pres5t "t 9 reg>d to ! *ief articles ( fai?1 especially ^? involv$ 9 controv]sy ) ! ,romani/s & v>i\s corruptions ( ! heav5ly doctr9e4 7#g47 ,!y solemnly prote/ t x nev] ent]$ _! m9ds ei!r to introduce1 furni% a cov] =1 & e/abli% any false doctr9e1 or 9 ! lea/ ev5 to rec$e f ! ,confession pres5t$ 9 ! ye> #aecj at ,augsburg4 7#ae47 ,!y decl>e3 ,?is ,confession also1 by ! help ( ,god1 we w reta9 to our la/ brea? :5 we %all g =? f ?is life to ! heav5ly fa!rl&1 to appe> ) joyful & undaunt$ m9d & ) a pure consci5ce be=e ! tribunal ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 7#ae47 ,!re=e we also h det]m9$ n to dep>t ev5 a f+]'s bread? ei!r f ! subjects !mselves or f ! phrases :i* are f\nd 9 !m 7vel a rebus ipsis vel a phrasibus1 quae 9 illa hab5tur1 disc$]e71 b1 ! ,_s ( ! ,"l aid+ u1 to p]sev]e con/antly1 ) ! greate/ h>mony1 9 ?is godly agreem5t1 & we int5d to exam9e all controv]sies accord+ to ?is true norm & decl>ation ( ! pure doctr9e4 7#bc47 #g4 ,pl$g+ ( ,m9i/]s to ! ,confessions4 ,su* be+ ! attitude ( ! ,lu!rans t[>ds _! symbols1 & su* _! evaluation ( pure doctr9e1 x 0 self-evid5t t ! public tea*]s ( _! *ur*es %\ld be pl$g$ to ! confessions4 ,9 ,decemb] #aebi1 ,h4 ,w9ckel1 ( ,goett+51 drew up a =m 9 :i* ! c&idate = ord9ation decl>es3 ,i believe & hold also ( ! mo/ sacr$ ,sacram5t 444 z "o ought to believe conc]n+ x accord+ to ! cont5ts ( ! ,bible1 & z ,doctor ,m>t9 ,lu!r writes & confesses conc]n+ x especially 9 8 ,confession 7( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 #aebh74 ,! ,goett+5 ,*ur* ,ord] ( #aecj1 h[ev]1 did n z yet embody a v[ ( ord9ation4 ,! fir/ pl$ges to ! symbols 7 dem&$ by ! ,univ]sity ( ,witt5b]g 9 #aecc f c&idates = ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,div9ity4 ,9 #aece ?is pl$ge 0 requir$ also ( ! c&idates = ord9ation4 ,! oa? provid$ t ! c&idate mu/ fai?fully tea* ! ,gospel )\t corruption1 /eadfa/ly def5d ! ,ecum5ical ,symbols1 rema9 9 agreem5t ) ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & be=e decid+ difficult controv]sies consult old] tea*]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,ev5 be=e #aedi ! c&idates = philosophical degrees 7 also pl$g$ by oa? to ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,9 #aece1 at ! ,diet ( ,smalcald1 x 0 agre$ t new memb]s ent]+ ! ,smalcald ,league %\ld promise to provide = su* tea*+ & prea*+ z 0 9 h>mony ) ! ,^w ( ,god & ! pure tea*+ ( our ,augsburg ,confession4 ,accord+ to ! ,pom]anian ,*ur* ,ord] :i* ,bug5hag5 drew up 9 #aece1 pa/ors 7 pl$g$ to ! ,augsburg ,confession & ! ,apology !re(4 ,capito1 ,buc]1 & all o!rs :o took "p 9 ! ,witt5b]g ,concord ( #aecf1 promis$1 ov] _! signatures1 to believe & to tea* 9 all articles accord+ to ! ,confession & ! ,apology4 7,corpus ,re=matorum1 opp4 ,melan?onis1 #c1 #gf47 ,9 #aedj1 at ,goett+51 ,john ,wig& promis$ to accept ! ,augsburg ,confession & its ,apology1 & to abide by !m all 8 life4 ,&1 he cont9u$1 if ,i %\ld be f\nd to d o!rwise or be convict$ ( tea*+ & confess+ contr>y to su* ,confession & ,apology1 !n let me1 by ?is signature1 be condemn$ & depos$ f ?is div9e m9i/ry4 ,?is d ,i swe>1 s help me ,god4 ,also at ,goett+51 ,veit ,pflugma*] v[$1 9 #aeda1 t he w\ld prea* ! ,gospel 9 its tru? & purity accord+ to ! ,augsburg ,confession & ! cont5ts ( ! po/ils ( ,anton ,corv9us4 ,he add$3 ,%\ld ,i be f\nd to d o!rwise & n liv+ up to :at has be5 set =? above1 !n %all ,i by su* act h depos$ myself f (fice4 ,?is d ,i swe>2 s help me ,god4 ,9 #aeej & #aeeb1 ,&rew ,osi&] attack$ ! oa? ( confession :i* 0 9 vogue at ,witt5b]g1 claim+ x to be an entanglem5t 9 oa?-b\nd duties aft] ! mann] ( ! ,papi/s4 ,:at else1 said he1 does ?is oa? accompli% ?an to sev] ^? :o swe> x f ! ,holy ,scriptures & b9d !m to ,philip's doctr9e8 ,p>5ts may !re=e well consid] :at !y d by s5d+ _! sons to ,witt5b]g to become ,ma/]s & ,doctors4 ,money is !re tak5 f !m1 & !y are made ,ma/]s & ,doctors4 ,b :ile ! p>5ts ?9k t _! son is an excell5t man1 well v]s$ 9 ! ,scriptures & able to sil5ce en?usia/s & h]etics1 he is1 9 reality1 a poor captive1 entangl$ & emb>rass$ by oa?-b\nd duties4 ,= he has abjur$ ! ,^w ( ,god & has tak5 an oa? on ,philip's doctr9e4 ,reply+ to ?is fanatical *>ge 9 #aeec1 ,melan*?on emphasiz$ ! fact t ! doctr9al pl$ges dem&$ at ,witt5b]g _h be5 introduc$ *iefly by ,lu!r1 = ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ ! true doctr9e4 ,=1 said ,melan*?on1 _m en?usia/s 7 roam+ ab\t at t "t1 ea*1 9 turn1 spread+ new silly nons5se1 e4g41 ! ,anabapti/s1 ,s]vetus1 ,campanus1 ,s*w5ckfeld1 & o!rs4 ,& su* torm5t+ spirits are n lack+ at any "t 7,et non desunt tales furiae ullo tempore74 ,a doctr9al pl$ge1 ,melan*?on fur!rmore expla9$1 0 necess>y 9 ord] correctly to ackn[l$ge ,god & call ^u ,him to pres]ve h>mony 9 ! ,*ur*1 & to bridle ! audacity ( su* z inv5t new doctr9es4 7,c4,r4 #ab1 #e47 ,,ii4 ,! ,?ree ,ecum5ical or ,univ]sal ,symbols4 #h4 ,ecum5ical ,symbols4 ,! ,ecum5ical 7g5]al1 univ]sal7 ,symbols 7 embodi$ 9 ! ,book ( ,concord prim>ily = apologetic reasons4 ,c>pzov writes3 ,! sole reason :y our ,*ur* appeal$ to ^! symbols 0 to decl>e h] agreem5t ) ! anci5t ,*ur* 9 s f> z ! fai? ( ! latt] 0 laid d[n 9 ^! symbols1 to refute also ! calumniations & ! accusations ( ! oppon5ts1 & to ev9ce ! fact t %e prea*es no new doctr9e & 9 no wise deviates f ! ,*ur* ,ca?olic4 7,isagoge1 #cg47 ,= l reasons ,article ,i ( ! ,augsburg ,confession decl>es its adh]5ce to ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 & ! fir/ "p ( ! ,smalcald ,articles1 to ! ,apo/les' & ,a?anasian ,cre$s4 ,! oa? introduc$ by ,lu!r 9 #aece1 & requir$ ( ! c&idates = ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,div9ity1 also conta9$ a pl$ge on ! ,ecum5ical ,symbols4 ,9 #aech ,lu!r publi%$ a tract entitl$1 ,! ,?ree ,symbols or ,confessions ( ! ,fai? ( ,*ri/ ,unanim\sly ,us$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 conta9+ ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1 & ! ,te ,deum ( ,ambrose & ,augu/9e4 ,to ^! 0 app5d$ ! ,nic5e ,cre$4 ,9 ! op5+ s5t5ces ( ?is tract1 ,lu!r rem>ks3 ,:]eas ,i h previ\sly taught & writt5 q a bit conc]n+ fai?1 %[+ bo? :at fai? is & :at fai? does1 & h also publi%$ my ,confession #aebh1 sett+ =? bo? :at ,i believe & :at position ,i int5d to ma9ta92 & :]eas ! devil cont9ues to seek new intrigues aga9/ me1 ,i h decid$1 by way ( sup]]ogation1 to publi% conjo9tly1 9 ! ,g]man tongue1 ! ?ree s-call$ ,symbols1 or ,confessions1 :i* h hi!rto be5 receiv$1 read1 & *ant$ ?r\gh\t ! ,*ur*4 ,i w\ld !reby reaffirm ! fact t ,i side ) ! true ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 :i* has adh]$ to ^! ,symbols1 or ,confessions1 to ! pres5t day1 & n ) ! false1 va+lori\s *ur*1 :i* 9 reality is ! wor/ enemy ( ! true ,*ur*1 hav+ introduc$ mu* idolatry beside ^! beautiful confessions4 7,/4 ,l4 #aj1 #iic2 ,erl4 #bc1 #beb47 ,lu!r's translation ( ! ,ecum5ical ,symbols1 toge!r ) ! captions :i* appe>$ 9 8 tract1 7 embodi$ 9 ! ,book ( ,concord4 ,! sup]scription1 ,tria ,symbola ,ca?olica seu ,oecum5ica1 occurs = ! fir/ "t 9 ,selnecc]'s edition ( ! ,book ( ,concord ( #aehj4 ,be=e ?is1 #aege1 he _h writt53 ,quot sunt ,symbola fidei ,*ri/ianae 9 ,ecclesia8 ,tria sunt praecipua quae nom9antur oecum5ica1 sive univ]salia et au!ntica1 id e/1 hab5tia auctoritatem et non indig5tia demon/ratione aut probatione1 videlicet ,symbolum ,apo/olicum1 ,nica5um et ,a?anasianum4 7,s*mauk1 ,confessional ,pr9ciple1 #hcd47 #i4 ,! ,apo/les' ,cre$4 ,! f\ndation ( ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ 01 9 a way1 laid by ,*ri/ ,himself :5 ,he commission$ ,8 disciples1 say+1 ,matt4 #bh1 #ai4 #bj3 ,g ye !re=e & tea* all nations baptiz+ !m 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/3 tea*+ !m to obs]ve all ?+s :atsoev] ,i h comm&$ y4 ,! =mula ( ,baptism "h prescrib$1 ,9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 briefly indicates :at ,*ri/ wants ,*ri/ians to be taught1 to believe1 & to confess4 ,& ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 bo? z to its =m & cont5ts1 is evid5tly b an amplification ( ! tr9it>ian =mula ( ,baptism4 ,!o4 ,zahn rem>ks3 ,x has be5 said1 & n )\t a good basis ei!r1 t ,*ri/ ,himself has orda9$ ! baptismal confession4 ,= ! pr(ession ( ! ,triune ,god made by ! c&idates = ,baptism is inde$ ! e*o ( ,8 mission>y & baptismal comm& ree*o+ ?r\gh all l&s & times 9 _m ?\s& voices4 7,skizz5 aus dem ,leb5 d] ,kir*e1 #beb47 ,b :5 & by :om 0 ! =mula ( ,baptism ?us amplifi$8--,dur+ ! ,m$ieval ,ages ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ 0 commonly kn[n z ,! ,twelve ,articles1 because x 0 g5]ally believ$ t ! twelve apo/les1 assembl$ 9 jo9t session be=e !y 7 sep>at$1 soon aft] ,p5teco/ draft$ ?is ,cre$1 ea* contribut+ a clause4 ,b1 ?\gh reta9$ 9 ! ,cate*ismus ,romanus1 ?is is a leg5d :i* orig9at$ 9 ,italy or ,gaul 9 ! six? or sev5? 7accord+ to ,zahn1 t[>d ! end ( ! f\r?7 c5tury & 0 unkn[n be=e ?is date4 ,yet1 ?\gh x may seem m probable t ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ 0 ! result ( a sil5t gr[? & v gradual =mation correspond+ to ! ev]-*ang+ environm5ts & ne$s ( ! ,*ri/ian congregations1 especially ov] aga9/ ! h]etics1 !re is no suffici5t reason :y ! apo/les !mselves %\ld n h be5 in/rum5tal 9 its =mulation1 nor :y1 ) ! exception ( a numb] ( m9or lat] additions its orig9al =m %\ld n h be5 ess5tially :at x is to-day4 ,na?anael confess$3 ,rabbi1 ,?\ art ! ,son ( ,god2 ,?\ art ! ,k+ ( ,israel1 ,john #a1 #di1 ! apo/les confess$3 ,?\ art ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god1 ,matt4 #af1 #af2 ,pet] confess$3 ,we believe & are sure t ,?\ art t ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god1 ,john #f1 #fi2 ,?omas confess$3 ,my ,"l & my ,god1 ,john #bj1 #bh4 ,^! & simil> confessions ( ! tru? conc]n+ ,himself 7 n m]ely approv$ (1 b solicit$ & dem&$ by1 ,*ri/4 ,= ,he decl>es mo/ solemnly3 ,:osoev] !re=e %all confess ,me be=e m51 him w ,i confess also be=e ,my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav54 ,b :osoev] %all d5y ,me be=e m51 him w ,i also d5y be=e ,my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav51 ,matt4 #aj1 #cb4 #cc4 ,! same duty ( confess+ _! fai?1 i4e41 ! tru?s conc]n+ ,*ri/1 is enjo9$ ^u all ,*ri/ians by ! ,apo/le ,paul :5 he writes3 ,if ?\ %alt confess ) ?y m\? ! ,"l ,jesus & %alt believe 9 ?9e he>t t ,god ha? rais$ ,him f ! dead1 ?\ %alt be sav$1 ,rom4 #aj1 #i4 ,9 ! light ( ^! & simil> passages1 ! tr9it>ian baptismal =mula prescrib$ by ,*ri/ evid5tly requir$ f ! c&idate = ,baptism a def9ite /atem5t ( :at he believ$ conc]n+ ! ,fa!r1 ,son & ,holy ,gho/1 especially conc]n+ ,jesus ,*ri/ ! ,savior4 ,& t su* a confession ( fai? 0 9 vogue ev5 9 ! days ( ! apo/les appe>s f ! ,bible itself4 ,( ,timo?y x is said t he _h pr(ess$ a good pr(ession be=e _m witnesses1 #a ,tim4 #f1 #ab4 ,heb4 #d1 #ad we read3 ,let u hold fa/ our pr(ession4 ,heb4 #aj1 #bc3 ,let u hold fa/ ! pr(ession ( our fai? )\t wav]+4 ,jude urges ! ,*ri/ians t !y %\ld e>ne/ly cont5d = ! fai? :i* 0 once deliv]$ unto ! sa9ts1 & build up !mselves on _! mo/ holy fai?1 ,jude #c4 #bj4 ,comp>e also #a ,cor4 #ae1 #c4 #d2 #a ,tim4 #c1 #af2 ,titus #a1 #ac2 #c1 #d-g4 #aj4 ,apo/les' ,cre$ & ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,writ]s4 ,! ,*ri/ian writ]s ( ! fir/ ?ree c5turies1 fur!rmore1 furni% ample pro( = ! foll[+ facts3 t f ! v beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ! c&idates = ,baptism ev]y:]e 7 requir$ to make a confession ( _! fai?2 t f ! beg9n+ !re 0 exi/+ 9 all ! ,*ri/ian congregations a =mulat$ confession :i* !y call$ ! rule ( fai?1 ! rule ( tru?1 etc42 t ?is rule 0 id5tical ) ! confession requir$ ( ! c&idates = ,baptism2 t x 0 decl>$ to be ( apo/olic orig92 t ! summ>ies & explanations ( ?is rule ( tru?1 giv5 by ^! writ]s1 tally ) ! cont5ts & 9 "p1 also ) ! phraseology ( ! ,apo/les' ,cre$2 t ! scatt]$ ,*ri/ian congregations1 !n /ill autonom\s1 reg>d$ ! adoption ( ?is rule1 ( fai? z ! only necess>y condition ( ,*ri/ian unity & fell[%ip4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,clem5t1 ,ignatius1 ,polyc>p1 ,ju/91 ,ari/ides1 & o!r e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s pres5t ! ,*ri/ian tru? frequ5tly rem9ds u ( ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ & sugge/s its exi/5ce4 ,?us ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 :o di$ #afe1 says 9 8 fir/ ,apology1 :i* 0 writt5 ab\t #adj3 ,our tea*] ( ^! ?+s is ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o also 0 born = ?is purpose & 0 crucifi$ "u ,pontius ,pilate1 procurator ( ,judea1 t we reasonably wor%ip ,him1 hav+ le>n$ t ,he is ! ,son ( ! true ,god ,himself1 & hold+ ,him 9 ! second place1 & ! prophetic ,_s 9 ! ?ird4 ,et]nal praise to ! ,fa!r ( all1 ?r\gh ! "n ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,simil> /ra9s1 s\nd+ l e*oes ( ! ,second ,article1 may be f\nd 9 ! ,epi/les to ! ,trallians & to ! ,*ri/ians at ,smyrna writt5 by ,ignatius1 ! fam\s m>tyr & bi%op ( ,antio*1 :o di$ #ajg4 ,ir5aeus1 :o di$ #ahi1 rem>ks3 ,e ,*ri/ian :o reta9s immovable 9 himself ! rule ( ! tru? :i* he receiv$ ?r\gh ,baptism 7ho ton kanona tes al!ias akl9e en eauto kate*on1 hon dia t\ baptismatos eilephe7 is able to see ?r\gh ! deceit ( all h]esies4 ,ir5aeus "h id5tifies ! baptismal confession ) :at he calls ! rule ( tru?1 kanon tes eil!ias i4e41 ! tru? :i* is ! rule = ev]y?+ claim+ to be ,*ri/ian4 ,app>5tly1 ?is rule ( tru? 0 ! sum ( doctr9es :i* e ,*ri/ian receiv$ & confess$ at 8 baptism4 ,! v phrase rule ( tru? implies t x 0 a concise & def9ite =mulation ( ! *ief ,*ri/ian tru?s4 ,= canon1 rule1 0 ! t]m employ$ by ! anci5t ,*ur* to designate su* brief s5t5ces z 7 adopt$ by synods = ! practise ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& ?is rule ( tru? is decl>$ by ,ir5aeus to be ! old tradition1 ! old tradition ( ! apo/les3 he te apo ton apo/olon en te ekklesia p>adosis4 7,zahn1 l4c41 #cgi;f47 ,ir5aeus 0 ! pupil ( ,polyc>p ! ,m>tyr2 & :at he _h le>n$ f him1 ,polyc>p _h receiv$ f ! ,apo/le ,john4 ,polyc>p1 says ,ir5aeus1 taught ! ?+s :i* he _h le>n$ f ! apo/les1 & :i* ! ,*ur* has h&$ d[n1 & :i* alone are true4 ,accord+ to ,ir5aeus1 !n1 ! rule ( tru? receiv$ & confess$ by e ,*ri/ian at 8 baptism 0 transmitt$ by ! apo/les4 ,! cont5ts ( ?is rule ( tru? receiv$ f ! apo/les are repeat$ly set =? by ,ir5aeus4 ,9 8 ,contra ,ha]eses 7,i1 #aj1 #a7 "o ( ^! summ>ies reads z foll[s3 ,! ,*ur* disp]s$ ?r\gh ! :ole _w1 to ! ends ( ! e>? has receiv$ f ! apo/les & _! disciples ! fai? 9 "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r ,almighty1 :o has made heav5 & e>? & ! sea & all ?+s t are 9 !m1 & 9 "o ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god1 :o became inc>nate = our salvation2 & 9 ! ,holy ,_s1 :o has proclaim$ ?r\gh ! prophets ! disp5sations1 & ! adv5ts1 & ! bir? f a virg91 & ! passion1 & ! resurrection f ! dead1 & ! bodily assumption into heav5 ( ! belov$ ,*ri/ ,jesus our ,"l1 & ,8 manife/ation f heav5 9 ! glory ( ! ,fa!r4 ,x ?us appe>s t ! rule ( tru? z ,ir5aeus knew x1 ! =mulat$ sum ( doctr9es m$iat$ by ,baptism1 :i* he1 9 accordance ) ! te/imony ( 8 tea*] ,polyc>p1 believ$ to h be5 receiv$ f ! apo/les1 at lea/ approa*es our pres5t ,apo/olic ,cre$4 #aa4 ,t]tullian & ,cyprian on ,apo/les' ,cre$4 ,a simil> result is obta9$ f ! writ+s ( ,t]tullian1 ,cyprian1 ,novatian1 ,orig5 & o!rs4 ,:5 we /ep into ! wat] ( ,baptism1 says ,t]tullian1 :o di$ ab\t #bbj1 we confess ! ,*ri/ian fai? accord+ to ! words ( its law1 i4e41 accord+ to ! law ( fai? or ! rule ( fai?4 ,t]tullian1 !re=e1 id5tifies ! confession to :i* ! c&idates = ,baptism 7 pl$g$ ) ! brief =mulation ( ! *ief ,*ri/ian doctr9es :i* he v>i\sly designates z ! law ( fai?1 ! rule ( fai?1 frequ5tly also z tess>a1 wat*word & sacram5tum1 a t]m !n signify+ ! milit>y oa? ( allegiance4 ,?is ,law or ,rule ( ,fai? 01 accord+ to ,t]tullian1 ! confession adopt$ by ,*ri/ians ev]y:]e1 :i* di/+ui%$ !m f unbeliev]s & h]etics4 ,! unity ( ! congregations1 ! grant+ ( ! greet+ ( peace1 ( ! "n bro!r1 & ( mutual hospitality1--^! & simil> ,*ri/ian rights & privileges1 says ,t]tullian1 dep5d on no o!r condition ?an ! simil> tradition ( ! same oa? ( allegiance1 i4e41 ! adoption ( ! same baptismal rule ( fai?4 7,zahn1 #bej47 ,at ! same "t ,t]tullian mo/ emphatically claims1 t ?is rule ( fai? 0 e/abli%$ by ! apo/les1 aye1 by ,*ri/ ,himself1 inasmu* z ,he _h comm&$ to baptize 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 7,zahn1 #beb47 ,9 8 book ,adv]sus ,praxeam1 ,t]tullian concludes an epitome :i* he gives ( ! rule ( fai? z foll[s3 ,t ?is rule has come d[n f ! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel1 ev5 be=e ! e>li] h]etics1 & s1 ( c\rse be=e ! ,praxeas ( ye/]day1 is prov$ bo? by ! lat5ess ( all h]etics & by ! novelty ( ?is ,praxeas ( ye/]day4 7,s*aff1 ,cre$s ( ,*ri/5dom1 #b1 #ah47 ,! foll[+ =m is tak5 f ,t]tullian's ,de ,virg9ibus ,vel&is3 ,= ! rule ( fai? is altoge!r "o1 alone 7sola71 immovable1 & irre=mable1 namely1 believ+ 9 "o ,god omnipot5t ! ,mak] ( ! _w1 & 9 ,8 ,son ,jesus ,*ri/1 born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 crucifi$ "u ,pontius ,pilate1 rais$ f ! dead ! ?ird day1 receiv$ into ! heav5s1 sitt+ n[ at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r :o %all come to judge ! liv+ & ! dead1 also ?r\gh ! resurrection ( ! fle%4 ,cyprian ! ,m>tyr1 bi%op ( ,c>?age1 :o di$ #beg1 & :o 0 ! fir/ "o to apply ! t]m symbolum to ! baptismal cre$1 9 8 ,epi/le to ,magnus & to ,janu>ius1 z well z to o!r ,numidian bi%ops1 gives ! foll[+ z ! answ] ( ! c&idate = ,baptism to ! "q1 ,d y believe83 ,i believe 9 ,god ! ,fa!r1 9 ,8 ,son ,*ri/1 9 ! ,holy ,_s4 ,i believe ! remission ( s9s1 & ! life et]nal ?r\gh ! holy ,*ur*4 #ab4 ,v>iations ( ! ,apo/les' ,cre$4 ,:ile !re c be no reasonable d\bt ei!r t ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es f ! v beg9n+ 7 9 possession ( a def9ite & =mulat$ symbol1 or t ?is symbol 0 an amplification ( ! tr9it>ian =mula ( ,baptism1 yet we are unable to asc]ta9 ) any degree ( c]ta9ty :at its exact orig9al word+ 04 ,!re has n be5 f\nd 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s a s+le passage record+ ! precise =m ( ! baptismal confession or ! rule ( tru? & fai? z us$ 9 ! e>lie/ *ur*es4 ,?is lack ( contemporal writt5 records is acc\nt$ = by ! fact t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians & ,*ri/ian *ur*es refus$ on pr9ciple to imp>t & transmit _! confession 9 any o!r mann] ?an by ^w ( m\?4 ,su* 0 _! attitude1 n because !y believ$ 9 keep+ _! cre$ secret1 b because !y view$ ! exclusively oral me?od ( imp>tation z ! mo/ appropriate 9 a matt] :i* !y reg>d$ z an affair ( deepe/ conc]n ( _! he>ts4 ,x is univ]sally admitt$1 ev5 by ^? :o believe t ! apo/les 7 in/rum5tal 9 =mulat+ ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,cre$1 t ! word+ ( x 0 n absolutely id5tical 9 all ,*ri/ian congregations1 & t 9 ! c\rse ( "t v>i\s *anges & additions 7 made4 ,tradition1 says ,t]tullian ) respect to ! baptismal confession1 receiv$ f ! apo/les1 has enl>g$ x1 cu/om has confirm$ x1 fai? obs]ves & pres]ves x4 7,zahn1 #beb4 #cha47 ,:51 !re=e1 ,t]tullian & o!r anci5t writ]s decl>e t ! rule ( fai? receiv$ f ! apo/les is altoge!r "o1 immovable1 & irre=mable1 !y d n at all mean to say t ! phraseology ( ?is symbol 0 alike ev]y:]e1 & t 9 ?is respect no *anges :atev] _h be5 made1 nor t any clauses _h be5 add$4 ,su* v>iations1 additions1 & alt]ations1 h[ev]1 involv$ a doctr9al *ange ( ! confession no m ?an ! ,apology ( ! ,augsburg ,confession implies a doctr9al dep>ture f ?is symbol4 ,x rema9$ ! same ,apo/olic ,cre$1 ! *anges & additions m]ely br++ out m fully & cle>ly its true1 orig9al mean+4 ,& ?is is ! s5se 9 :i* ,t]tullian & o!rs emphasize t ! rule ( fai? is "o1 immovable1 & irre=mable4 ,! olde/ kn[n =m ( ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 accord+ to ,a4 ,h>nack1 is ! "o us$ 9 ! *ur* at ,rome1 ev5 prior to #aej ,a4,d4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 z late z #ccg or #cch1 :5 ?is ,cre$1 :i*1 z ! *ur* at ,rome claim$1 0 br\ght ?i!r by ,pet] himself1 0 = ! fir/ "t quot$ z a :ole by ,bi%op ,m>cellus ( ,ancyra 9 a lett] to ,bi%op ,julius ( ,rome1 = ! purpose ( v9dicat+ 8 or?odoxy4 ,dur+ ! long p]iod int]v5+1 "s *anges1 h[ev]1 may h be51 & probably 71 made also 9 ?is ,old ,roman ,symbol1 :i* reads z foll[s3-- ,pi/euo eis !on pat]a pantokratora2 kai eis ,*ri/on ,ies\n ton huion aut\ ton monog5e1 ton kupion hemon1 ton g5ne!nta ek pneumatos hagi\ kai ,m>ias tes p>!n\1 ton epi ,ponti\ ,pilat\ /auro!nta kai taph5ta1 te trite hem]a ana/anta ek ton nekron1 anabanta eis t\s ouran\s1 ka!m5on en dexia t\ patros1 ho!n er*etai kr9ai zontas kai nekr\s2 kai eis pneuma hagion1 hagian ekklesian aphes9 ham>tion1 sapkos ana/as94 7,h]zog1 ,r4 ,e4 #a1 #gdd47 #ac4 ,pres5t ,=m ( ,cre$ & ,its ,cont5ts4 ,! complete =m ( ! pres5t textus receptus ( ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 evid5tly ! result ( a comp>ison & comb9ation ( ! v>i\s preexi/+ =ms ( ?is symbol1 may be trac$ to ! end ( ! fif? c5tury & is fir/ f\nd 9 a s]mon by ,caes>ius ( ,arles 9 ,france1 ab\t #ejj4--;,9 8 translation1 ,lu!r sub/itut$ ,*ri/ian = ca?olic 9 ! ,?ird ,article4 ,he reg>d$ ! two expressions z equival5t 9 sub/ance1 z appe>s f ! ,smalcald ,articles1 :]e he id5tifies ^! t]ms1 say+3 ,sic enim orant pu]i3 ,cr$o sanctam ecclesiam ca?olicam sive ,*ri/ianam4 7#dgb1 #e2 #dih1 #c47 ,! =m1 ,i believe a holy ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 h[ev]1 is met ) ev5 be=e ,lu!r's "t4 7,c>pzov1 ,isagoge1 #df47--;,9 ! ,greek v]sion ! receiv$ =m ( ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ reads z foll[s3-- ,pi/euo eis !on pat]a1 pantokratora1 poiet5 ouran\ kai ges4 ,kai eis ,ies\n ,*ri/on1 huion aut\ ton monog5e1 ton kurion hemon1 ton sulleph!nta ek pneumatos hagi\1 g5ne!nta ek ,m>ias tes p>!n\1 pa?onta epi ,ponti\ ,pilat\1 /auro!nta1 ?anonta1 kai taph5ta1 ana/anta apo ton nekron1 anel?onta eis t\s ouran\s1 ka!zom5on en dexia !\ patros pantodunam\1 ekei!n er*om5on kr9ai zontas kai nekr\s4 ,pi/euo eis to pneuma to hagion1 hagian ekklesian1 hagion ko9onian1 aphes9 ham>tion s>kos ana/as91 zo5 aionion1 ,am54 ,z to its cont5ts1 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ is a positive /atem5t ( ! ess5tial facts ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,second ,article1 says ,zahn1 is a comp5d ( ! ,evangelical hi/ory1 includ+ ev5 ext]nal details4 7#bfd47 ,yet "s ( ! clauses ( ?is ,cre$ 7 probably ins]t$ 9 opposition to prevail+1 notably ,gno/ic1 h]esies ( ! fir/ c5turies4 ,x 0 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian symbol &1 z ,t]tullian & o!rs decl>e1 ! bond ( unity & fell[%ip ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian congregations ev]y:]e4 ,x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be reg>d$ z inspir$1 mu* less z sup]ior ev5 to ! ,holy ,scriptures2 =1 z /at$ above1 x _c ev51 9 any ( its exi/+ =ms1 be trac$ to ! apo/les4 ,h5ce x mu/ be subject$ to1 & te/$ & judg$ by1 ! ,holy ,scriptures1 ! inspir$ ,^w ( ,god & ! only infallible rule & norm ( all doctr9es1 tea*]s1 & symbols4 ,9 accordance h]e) ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* receives ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 z also ! two o!r ecum5ical confessions1 n z p] se div9e & au?oritative1 b because its doctr9e is tak5 f1 & well gr\nd$ 91 ! prophetic & apo/olic writ+s ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #hea1 #d47 #ad4 ,! ,nic5e ,cre$4 ,9 ! ye> #cbe ,emp]or ,con/ant9e ! ,great conv5$ ! ,fir/ ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil at ,nicaea1 9 ,bi?ynia1 = ! purpose ( settl+ ! controv]sy precipitat$ by ! tea*+ ( ,arius1 :o d5i$ ! true div9ity ( ,*ri/4 ,! c\ncil 0 att5d$ by #cah bi%ops & _! assi/ants1 among :om ! "y deacon ,a?anasius ( ,alex&ria ga9$ special prom95ce z a !ologian ( great eloqu5ce1 acum51 & le>n+4 ,! mo/ valiant *ampion aga9/ ! ,arians1 z he 0 call$1 ,a?anasius turn$ ! tide ( victory 9 favor ( ! ,homo\sians1 :o believ$ t ! ess5ce ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son is id5tical4 ,! discussions 7 bas$ ^u ! symbol ( ,eusebius ( ,caes>ea1 :i* by *anges & ! ins]tion ( ,homo\sian phrases 7su* z ek tes ousias t\ patr\s2 g5ne!is1 ou poie!is2 homo\sios to patri7 0 am5d$ into an unequivocal clean-cut1 anti-,arian confession4 ,two ,egyptian bi%ops :o refus$ to sign ! symbol 7 bani%$1 toge!r ) ,arius1 to ,illyria4 ,! text ( ! orig9al ,nic5e ,cre$ reads z foll[s3-- ,pi/euom5 eis h5a !on1 pat]a pantokratora1 panton oraton te kai aoraton poiet54 ,kai eis h5a kurion ,ies\n ,*ri/on1 ton huion t\ !\1 g5ne!nta ek t\ patros monog5e1 t\te/9 ek tes ousias t\ patros1 !on ek !\1 phos ek photos1 !on ale?9on ek !\ ale?9\1 g5ne!nta1 ou poie!nta1 homo\sion to patri1 di' ou ta panta eg5eto1 ta te en to ourano kaita epi tes ges2 ton di' hemas t\s an?rop\s kai dia t5 hemet]an sot]ian katel?onta kai s>ko!nta kai enan?ropesanta1 pa?onta1 kai ana/anta te trite hem]a1 kai anel?onta eis t\s ouran\s1 kai er*om5on pal9 kr9ai zontas kai nekr\s4 ,kai eis to pneuma to hagion4 ,t\s de legontas1 hoti pote hote ouk en1 kai hoti ex ouk onton eg5eto1 en ex het]as hupo/aseos e ousias phaskontas e9ai1 e kti/on1 e alloioton1 e trepton ton huion t\ !\1 t\t\s ana!matizei he ka?olike kai apo/olike ekklesia4 7,mansi1 ,amplissima ,collectio1 #b1 #ffe sq47 #ae4 ,nic5o-,con/ant9opolitan ,cre$4 ,9 ord] to suppress ,arianism1 :i* /ill cont9u$ to fl\ri%1 ,emp]or ,!odosius conv5$ ! ,second ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 9 #cha at ,con/ant9ople4 ,! bi%ops "h assembl$1 #aej 9 numb]1 resolv$ t ! fai? ( ! ,nic5e ,fa!rs mu/ ev] rema9 firm & un*ang$1 & t its oppon5ts1 ! ,eunomians1 ,anomoeans1 ,arians1 ,eudoxians1 ,semi-,arians1 ,sabellians1 ,m>cellians1 ,phot9ians1 & ,apoll9>ians1 mu/ be reject$4 ,at ?is c\ncil also ,mac$onius 0 condemn$1 :o taught t ! ,holy ,_s is n ,god3 elege g> auto me e9ai !on1 alla tes !ontos t\ patros allotrion4 7,mansi1 #c1 #efh4 #eff4 #egc4 #egg4 #fjj47 ,by omissions1 alt]ations1 & additions 79 p>ticul> conc]n+ ! ,holy ,_s7 ?is c\ncil gave to ! ,nic5e ,cre$ its pres5t =m4 ,h5ce x is also kn[n z ! ,nic5o-,con/ant9opolitan ,cre$4 ,! ,?ird ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 :i* assembl$ at ,tol$o1 ,spa91 9 #ehi1 ins]t$ ! ^w ,filioque1 an addition :i* ! ,greek ,*ur* has nev] sanction$1 & :i* lat] contribut$ t[>ds br++ ab\t ! great ,ea/]n ,s*ism4 ,a4 ,h>nack consid]s ! ,con/ant9opolitanum 7,c,panum71 ! cre$ adopt$ at ,con/ant9ople1 to be ! baptismal confession ( ! ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem1 :i*1 he says1 0 revis$ betwe5 #cfb & #cgc & amplifi$ by ! ,nic5e =mulas & a rule ( fai? conc]n+ ! ,holy ,gho/4 7,h]zog1 ,r4 ,e41 #aa1 #ai;f47 ,foll[+ is ! text ( ! ,c,panum accord+ to ,mansi3 ,pi/euom5 eis h5a !on pat]a1 pantokratora1 poiet5 ouran\ kai ges1 oratwn te pantwn kai aoratwn4 ,kai eis h5a kurion ,ies\n ,*ri/on ton huion t\ !\ ton monog5e1 ton ek t\ patros g5ne!nta pro panton ton aionon1 phos ek photos1 !on ale?9on ek !\ ale?9\1 g5ne!vta1 ou poie!nta1 homo\sion to patri1 di' ou ta panta eg5eto1 ton di' hemas t\s an?rop\s kai dia t5 hemet]an sot]ian katel?ovnta ek tov ouranon1 kai s>ko!nta ek pneumatos hagi\ kai ,m>ias tes p>!n\1 kai enan?ropesanta1 /auro!nta te hup] hemon epi ,ponti\ ,pilat\1 kai pa?onta1 kai taph5ta1 kai ana/anta te trite hem]a kata tas gpaphas1 kai anel?onta eis t\s ouran\s1 kai ka!zom5on ek dexion t\ patros1 kai pal9 er*om5on meta doxes kr9ai zontas kai nekr\s2 ou tes basileias ouk e/ai telos4 ,kai eis pneuma to hagion1 to kurion1 to zoopoion1 to ek t\ patros ekporeuom5on1 to sun patri kai huio sumproskun\m5on kai sundoxazovm5on1 to lalesan dia ton propheton1 eis mian hagian ka?olik5 kai apo/olik5 ekklesian4 ,homolog\m5 h5 baptisma eis aphes9 ham>tion2 prosdokom5 ana/as9 nekron1 kai zw5 t\ mellontos aionos4 ,am54 7#c1 #efe47 #af4 ,! ,a?anasian ,cre$4 ,f its op5+ ^w ?is ,cre$ is also call$ ,symbolum ,quicunque4 ,roman tradition has x t ,a?anasius1 :o di$ #cgc1 made ?is confession be=e ,pope ,julius :5 ! latt] summon$ him to submit himself to him ! ,pope1 z to ! ecum5ical bi%op & ,supreme arbit] ( matt]s ecclesia/ical 7ut ei1 seu episcopo oecumica et supremo r]um ecclesia/ic>um arbitro1 sese submitt]et74 ,h[ev]1 ,a?anasius is n ev5 ! au?or ( ?is confession1 z appe>s f ! foll[+ facts3 #a4 ,! ,cre$ 0 orig9ally writt5 9 ,lat94 #b4 ,x is m5tion$ nei!r by ,a?anasius himself nor by 8 ,greek eulogi/s4 #c4 ,x 0 unkn[n to ! ,greek ,*ur* till ab\t #abjj1 & has nev] be5 accord$ (ficial recognition by ?is ,*ur* nor its or?odox si/] *ur*es4 #d4 ,x presupposes ! po/-,a?anasian ,tr9it>ian & ,*ri/ological controv]sies4--,up to ! pres5t day x has be5 impossible to rea* a f9al v]dict conc]n+ ! au?or ( ! ,quicunque & ! "t & place ( its orig94 ,koelln]'s ,symbolik allocates x to ,gaul4 ,lo(s incl9es to ! same op9ion & v5tures ! conjecture t ! s\rce ( ?is symbol mu/ be s\ght 9 ,s\!rn ,gaul betwe5 #dej & #fjj4 7,h]zog1 ,r4 ,e41 #b1 #agg47 ,giesel] & o!rs look to ,spa9 = its orig94 ,p>agraphs #a1 #b1 & #dj ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ h giv5 (f5se n only to !ologians :o advocate an undogmatic ,*ri/ianity1 b to _m ?\ghtless ,*ri/ians z well4 ,lo(s decl>es3 ,! ,quicunque is unevangelical & _c be receiv$ because its v fir/ s5t5ce conf\nds fides ) expositio fidei4 7,h41 ,r4 ,e41 #b1 #aid47 ,h[ev]1 ! *>ge is gratuit\s1 s9ce ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ deals ) ! mo/ fundam5tal ,*ri/ian tru?s3 conc]n+ ! ,tr9ity1 ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 & ,8 "w ( r$emption1 )\t ! k ( :i* sav+ fai? is impossible4 ,! p>agraphs 9 "q m]ely express ! cle> doctr9e ( su* passages ( ! ,scriptures z ,acts #d1 #ab3 ,nei!r is !re salvation 9 any o!r1 = !re is none o!r "n "u heav5 giv5 among m5 :]eby we mu/ be sav$2 ,john #h1 #ba3 ,if ye believe n t ,i am ,he1 ye %all die 9 y\r s9s2 ,john #ad1 #f3 ,jesus sai? unto him1 ,i am ! ,way1 ! ,tru?1 & ! ,life2 no man come? unto ! ,fa!r b by ,me4 ,9 complete agreem5t ) ! impugn$ /atem5ts ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1 ! ,apology ( ! ,augsburg ,confession closes its article ,( ,god z foll[s3 ,!re=e we d freely conclude t !y are all idolatr\s1 blasphem]s1 & outside ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ :o hold or tea* o!rwise4 7#ajc7 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ,middle ,ages ! ,quicunque _h already receiv$ a place 9 ! ord] ( public wor%ip4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,vavre resolv$1 #acfh3 ,pro9de ,symbolum ,apo/olorum sil5t] et secrete dicitur quotidie 9 ,completorio et 9 ,prima1 quia fuit editum tempore1 quo nondum erat fides ca?olica propalata4 ,alia autem duo publice 9 diebus ,dom9icis et fe/ivis1 qu&o maior ad ecclesiam congregatur populus1 decantantur1 quia fu]e edita tempore fidei propalatae4 ,symbolum quidem ,nica5um po/ evangelium cantatur 9 ,missa quasi evangelicae fidei expositio4 ,symbolum ,a?anasii de mane solum cantatur 9 ,prima1 quia fuit editum tempore quo maxime fu]unt depulsa et detecta nox atra et t5ebrae ha]esium et errorum4 7,mansi1 #bf1 #dhg47 ,lu!r says3 ,! fir/ symbol1 t ( ! apo/les1 is inde$ ! be/ ( all1 because x conta9s a concise1 correct & spl5did pres5tation ( ! articles ( fai? & is easily le>n$ by *ildr5 & ! common p4 ,! second1 ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1 is long] 444 & practically am\nts to an apology ( ! fir/ symbol4 ,i d n "k ( any m important docum5t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,*ur* s9ce ! days ( ! apo/les ?an ! ,a?anasian ,cre$4 7,/4 ,l4 #aj1 #iid2 #f1 #aegf2 ,e4 #bc1 #bec47 #ag4 ,lu!r on ,ecum5ical ,cre$s4 ,! c5tral !me ( ! ,?ree ,ecum5ical ,symbols is ,*ri/'s p]son & "w1 ! p>am\nt importance ( :i* ,lu!r extols z foll[s 9 8 tract ( #aech3 ,9 all ! hi/ories ( ! entire ,*ri/5dom ,i h f\nd & exp]i5c$ t all :o _h & held ! *ief article conc]n+ ,jesus ,*ri/ correctly rema9$ safe & s\nd 9 ! true ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,& ev5 ?\gh !y err$ & s9n$ 9 o!r po9ts1 !y nev]!less 7 f9ally pres]v$4 ,= x has be5 decre$1 says ,paul1 ,col4 #b1 #i1 t 9 ,*ri/ %\ld dwell all ! fulness ( ! ,godhead bodily1 or p]sonally1 s t he :o does n f9d or receive ,god 9 ,*ri/ %all nev] h nor f9d ,him any:]e outside ( ,*ri/1 ev5 ?\gh he asc5d above heav51 desc5d bel[ hell1 or g beyond ! _w4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i h also obs]v$ t all errors1 h]esies1 idolatries1 (f5ses1 abuses1 & ungodl9ess )9 ! ,*ur* orig9ally result$ f ! fact t ?is article ( fai? conc]n+ ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 despis$ or lo/4 ,& view$ cle>ly & rightly1 all h]esies militate aga9/ ! preci\s article ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 z ,simeon says conc]n+ ,him1 ,luke #b1 #cd1 t ,he is set = ! fall+ & ! ris+ ( _m 9 ,israel & = a sign :i* is spok5 aga9/2 & long be=e ?is1 ,isaiah1 *apt] #h1 #ad1 spoke ( ,him z 'a /one ( /umbl+ & a rock ( (f5se4' ,& we 9 ! ,papacy1 ! la/ & greate/ ( sa9ts1 :at h we done8 ,we h confess$ t ,he ,*ri/ is ,god & man2 b t ,he is our ,savior1 :o di$ & rose = u1 etc41 ?is we h d5i$ & p]secut$ ) might & ma9 7^? :o taught ?is74 ,& ev5 n[ ^? :o claim to be ! be/ ,*ri/ians & boa/ t !y are ! ,holy ,*ur*1 :o burn ! o!rs & wade 9 innoc5t blood1 reg>d z ! be/ doctr9e t :i* tea*es t we obta9 grace & salvation ?r\gh our own works4 ,*ri/ is to be accord$ no o!r honor ) reg>d to our salvation ?an t ,he made ! beg9n+1 :ile we are ! h]oes :o complete x ) our m]it4 ,lu!r cont9ues3 ,?is is ! way ! devil goes to "w4 ,he attacks ,*ri/ ) ?ree /orm-columns4 ,"o w n suff] ,him to be ,god2 ! o!r w n suff] ,him to be man1 ! ?ird d5ies t ,he has m]it$ salvation = u4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree endeavors to de/roy ,*ri/4 ,= :at does x avail t y confess ,him to be ,god if y d n also believe t ,he is man8 ,= !n y h n ! entire & ! true ,*ri/1 b a phantom ( ! devil4 ,:at does x avail y to confess t ,he is true man if y d n also believe t ,he is true ,god8 ,:at does x avail y to confess t ,he is ,god & man if y d n also believe t :atev] ,he became & :atev] ,he did 0 done = y8 ,surely1 all ?ree p>ts mu/ be believ$1 namely1 t ,he is ,god1 also1 t ,he is man1 & t ,he became su* a man = u1 t is1 z ! fir/ symbol says3 conceiv$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 suff]$1 0 crucifi$1 di$1 & rose aga91 etc4 ,if "o small "p is lack+1 !n all p>ts are lack+4 ,= fai? %all & mu/ be complete 9 e p>ticul>4 ,:ile x may inde$ be weak & subject to afflictions1 yet x mu/ be entire & n false4 ,weakness ( fai? does n "w ! h>m b false fai?--t is et]nal dea?4 7,/4 ,l4 #aj1 #iih2 ,e4 #bc1 #beh47 ,conc]n+ ! my/]y involv$ 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 ! *ief topic ( ! ,ecum5ical ,cre$s1 ,lu!r rem>ks 9 ! same tract3 ,n[1 to be sure1 we ,*ri/ians are n s utt]ly devoid ( all reason & s5se z ! ,jews consid] u1 :o take u to be no?+ b crazy geese & ducks1 unable to p]ceive or notice :at folly x is to believe t ,god is man1 & t 9 "o ,godhead !re are ?ree di/9ct p]sons4 ,no1 praise ,god1 we p]ceive inde$ t ?is doctr9e _c & w n be receiv$ by reason4 ,nor are we 9 ne$ ( any sublime ,jewi% reason+ to demon/rate ?is to u4 ,we believe x kn[+ly & will+ly4 ,we confess & also exp]i5ce t1 :]e ! ,holy ,_s does n1 surpass+ reason1 %9e into ! he>t1 x is impossible to grasp1 or to believe1 & abide by1 su* article2 moreov]1 !re mu/ rema9 9 x ! he>t a ,jewi%1 pr\d1 & sup]cili\s reason d]id+ & ridicul+ su* article1 & ?us sett+ up itself z judge & ma/] ( ! ,div9e ,be+ :om x has nev] se5 nor is able to see & h5ce does n "k :at x is pass+ judgm5t on1 nor :]e( x ?9ks or speaks4 ,= ,god dwells 9 a 'light :i* no man c approa* unto1' #a ,tim4 #f1 #af4 ,he mu/ come to u1 yet hidd5 9 ! lant]n1 & z x is writt51 ,john #a1 #ah3 ',no man ha? se5 ,god at any "t2 ! only-begott5 ,son1 :i* is 9 ! bosom ( ! ,fa!r1 ,he ha? decl>$ ,him1' & z ,moses said be=e ?is1 ,ex4 #cc3 ',!re %all no man see ,me ,god & live4' 7,/4 ,l4 #aj1 #ajjg2 ,e4 #bc1 #efh47 ,,iii4 ,! ,augsburg ,confession4 #ah4 ,diet ,proclaim$ by ,emp]or4 ,janu>y #ba1 #aecj1 ,emp]or ,*>les ,v proclaim$ a diet to conv5e at ,augsburg on ! #h? ( ,april4 ,! manife/o proce$$ f ,bologna1 :]e1 ?ree days lat]1 ! ,emp]or 0 cr[n$ by ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii4 ,! proclamation1 aft] ref]r+ to ! ,turki% invasion & ! action to be tak5 ) ref]5ce to ?is great p]il1 cont9ues z foll[s3 ,! diet is to consid] fur!rmore :at might & ought to be done & resolv$ ^u reg>d+ ! division & sep>ation 9 ! holy fai? & ! ,*ri/ian religion2 & t ?is may proce$ ! bett] & m salubri\sly1 ! ,emp]or urg$ to allay divisions1 to cease ho/ility1 to surr5d] pa/ errors to our ,savior1 & to display dilig5ce 9 he>+1 und]/&+1 & consid]+ ) love & k9dness ! op9ions & views ( ev]ybody1 9 ord] to r$uce !m to "o s+le ,*ri/ian tru? & agreem5t1 to put aside :atev] has n be5 prop]ly expla9$ or done by ei!r p>ty1 s t we all may adopt & hold "o s+le & true religion2 & may all live 9 "o communion1 *ur*1 & unity1 ev5 z we all live & d battle "u "o ,*ri/4 ,9 8 invitation to att5d ! diet1 ! ,emp]or at ! same "t urg$ ! ,elector ( ,saxony by all means to appe> e>ly en\gh 7! ,elector rea*$ ,augsburg on ,may #b :ile ! ,emp]or did n arrive be=e ,june #af71 le/ ! o!rs :o arriv$ 9 "t be compell$ to wait ) disgu/1 heavy exp5ses & detrim5tal delay su* z _h frequ5tly occurr$ 9 ! pa/4 ,! ,emp]or add$ ! w>n+3 ,9 case ! ,elector %\ld n appe>1 ! diet w\ld proce$ z if he _h be5 pres5t & ass5t$ to its resolutions4 7,fo]/emann1 ,urkund5bu*1 #a1 #g f47 ,m>* #aa ! proclamation rea*$ ,elector ,john at ,torgau4 ,on ! #ad? ,*ancellor ,brueck advis$ ! ,elector to h ! op9ion on :i* our p>ty has hi!rto /ood & to :i* !y h adh]$1 9 ! controv]t$ po9ts1 prop]ly drawn up 9 writ+1 ) a ?or\gh confirmation !re( f ! div9e ,scriptures4 ,on ! same day ! ,elector commission$ ,lu!r1 ,jonas1 ,bug5hag51 & ,melan*?on to prep>e a docum5t treat+ especially ( ^? articles on acc\nt ( :i* said division1 bo? 9 fai? & 9 o!r outw>d *ur* cu/oms & c]emonies1 cont9ues4 7#dc47 ,at ,witt5b]g ! !ologians at once set to "w1 & ! result 0 pres5t$ at ,torgau ,m>* #bg by ,melan*?on4 ,on ,april #d ! ,elector & 8 !ologians set out f ,torgau1 arriv+ at ,coburg on ! #ae?1 :]e !y re/$ = eight days4 ,on ! #bc;d ( ,april ! ,elector left = ,augsburg1 :ile ,lu!r1 :o 0 /ill "u ! ban ( bo? ! ,pope & ! ,emp]or1 rema9$ at ! =tress ,eb]nburg4 ,nev]!less he cont9u$ 9 close t\* ) ! confessors1 z appe>s f 8 num]\s lett]s writt5 to ,augsburg1 sev5ty all told ab\t tw5ty ( :i* 7 address$ to ,melan*?on4 #ai4 ,apology ,orig9al ,plan ( ,lu!rans4 ,! docum5ts :i* ! ,witt5b]g !ologians deliv]$ at ,torgau treat$ ! foll[+ subjects3 ,human ,doctr9es & ,ord9ances1 ,m>riage ( ,prie/s1 ,bo? ,k9ds1 ,mass1 ,confession1 ,p[] ( ,bi%ops1 ,ord9ation1 ,mona/ic ,v[s1 ,invocation ( ! ,sa9ts1 ,g]man ,s++1 ,fai? & ,works1 ,(fice ( ! ,keys 7,papacy71 ,ban1 ,m>riage1 & ,private ,mass4 ,accord+ly1 ! orig9al int5tion ( ! ,lu!rans 0 n to ent] ^u1 & pres5t = discussion at ,augsburg1 su* doctr9es z 7 n 9 controv]sy 7,( ,god1 etc471 b m]ely to treat ( ! abuses & imm$iately relat$ doctr9es1 especially ( ,fai? & ,good ,works4 7#ff ff47 ,!y evid5tly reg>d$ x z _! *ief object & duty to ju/ify be=e ! ,emp]or & ! e/ates bo? ,lu!r & 8 protectors1 ! electors ( ,saxony4 ,?is is borne out also by ! orig9al ,introduction to ! contemplat$ ,apology1 conc]n+ :i* we read 9 ! prefatory rem>ks to ! s-call$ ,torgau ,articles m5tion$ above3 ,to ?is end ( ju/ify+ ! ,elector's peaceable frame ( m9d x w be advantage\s to beg9 ! project$ ,apology ) a l5g?y rhetorical introduction4 7#fh2 ,c4 ,r41 #bf1 #aga47 ,?is introduction1 lat] on replac$ by ano!r1 0 compos$ by ,melan*?on at ,coburg & poli%$ by him dur+ ! fir/ days at ,augsburg4 ,may #d he rem>ks 9 a lett] to ,lu!r3 ,i h %ap$ ! ,exordium ( our ,apology some:at m rhetorical 7hretorikot]on7 ?an ,i _h writt5 x at ,coburg4 7,c4 ,r41 #b1 #dj2 ,lu!r1 ,/4 ,l4 #af1 #feb47 ,9 ?is introduction ,melan*?on expla9s3 ,next to ,god ! ,elector builds 8 hope on ! ,emp]or1 :o _h always /riv5 = peace1 & 0 ev5 n[ prep>$ to adju/ ! religi\s controv]sy 9 mildness4 ,z to ! ,elector & 8 bro!r ,fr$]ick1 !y _h ev] be5 atta*$ to ! ,*ri/ian religion1 _h prov$ fai?ful to ! ,emp]or1 & _h con/antly cultivat$ peace4 ,_! pres5t position 0 due to ! fact t comm&m5ts ( m5 _h be5 prea*$ in/ead ( fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,n ,lu!r1 b ,lu!r's oppon5ts1 _h begun ! /rife4 ,x 0 = consci5ce' sake t ! ,elector _h n proce$$ aga9/ ,lu!r4 ,besides1 su* action w\ld only h made matt]s worse1 s9ce ,lu!r _h resi/$ ! ,sacram5t>ians & ! ,anabapti/s4 ,equally unf\nd$ 7 also ! accusations t ! ,evangelicals _h aboli%$ all ord] z well z all c]emonies1 & _h und]m9$ ! au?ority ( ! bi%ops4 ,if only ! bi%ops w\ld tol]ate ! ,gospel & d away ) ! gross abuses1 !y w\ld suff] no loss ( p[]1 honor1 & pre/ige4 ,9 conclud+ ,melan*?on emphatically prote/s3 ,nev] has a re=mation be5 und]tak5 s utt]ly )\t any viol5ce z ?is 9 ,saxony2 = x is a public fact t our m5 h prevail$ ) su* z 7 already 9 arms to make peace4 7,kolde1 l4c41 #ac47 ,! docum5t1 accord+ly1 z orig9ally plann$ = pres5tation at ,augsburg1 0 to be a def5se ( ,lu!r & 8 ,elector4 ,9 keep+ h]e) x 0 9 ! beg9n+ consi/5tly designat$ ,apology4 #bj4 ,trans=mation ( ,apology into ,confession ,due to ,eck's ,sl&]s4 ,?is plan1 h[ev]1 0 modifi$ :5 ! ,lu!rans1 aft] rea*+ ,augsburg1 he>d ( & read ! #djd ,propositions publi%$ by ,dr4 ,john ,eck1 9 :i* ,lu!r 0 classifi$ ) ,zw+li1 ,oecolampadius1 ,c>l/adt1 ,pirkheim]1 ,hubmai]1 & ,d5k1 & 0 *>g$ ) e conceivable h]esy4 ,9 a lett] ( ,m>* #ad1 accompany+ ! copy ( 8 ,propositions :i* ,eck s5t to ! ,emp]or1 he ref]s to ,lu!r z ! dome/ic enemy ( ! ,*ur* 7ho/is ecclesiae dome/icus71 :o has fall5 into e ,scylla & ,*>ybdis ( iniquity2 :o speaks ( ! ,pope z ! ,anti*ri/ & ( ! ,*ur* z ! h>lot2 :o has praise = none b h]etics & s*ismatics2 :om ! ,*ur* has to ?ank = ! ,iconocla/s1 ,sacram5t>ians1 ,new ,hussites1 ,anabapti/s1 ,new ,epicureans1 :o tea* t ! s\l is mortal1 & ! ,c]9?ians2 :o reha%es all ! old h]esies condemn$ m ?an a ?\s& ye>s ago1 etc4 7,plitt1 ,e9leitung 9 die ,augu/ana1 #a1 #ebg ff47 ,su* & simil> sl&]s _h be5 dissem9at$ by ! ,papi/s be=e ?is1 & !y cont9u$ to d s ev5 aft] ! ,lu!rans1 at ,augsburg1 _h made a public confession ( _! fai? & _h mo/ emphatically disav[$ all anci5t & mod]n h]esies4 ,?us ,co*laeus ass]t$ 9 8 attack on ! ,apology1 publi%$ #aecd1 t ,lu!ranism 0 a concoction ( all ! old condemn$ h]esies1 t ,lu!r taught fifte5 errors aga9/ ! article ( ,god1 & ,melan*?on n9e aga9/ ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 etc4 ,lu!r1 he decl>$1 _h attack$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity 9 a co>s] fa%ion ?an ,arius4 7,salig1 ,hi/orie d4 ,augsb4 ,konf41 #a1 #cgg47 ,^! calumniations caus$ ! ,lu!rans to remodel & exp& ! def5se orig9ally plann$ into a docum5t :i* %\ld n m]ely ju/ify ! *anges made by !m ) reg>d to cu/oms & c]emonies1 b also pres5t z fully z possible ! doctr9al articles :i* !y held ov] aga9/ anci5t & mod]n h]esies1 falsely imput$ to !m4 ,?us to "s ext5t x is due to ! scurrility ( ,eck t ! contemplat$ ,apology 0 trans=m$ into an all-embrac+ ,confession1 a t]m employ$ by ,melan*?on himself4 ,9 a lett] to ,lu!r1 dat$ ,may #aa1 #aecj1 he wrote3 ,our ,apology is be+ s5t to y--?\gh x is r a ,confession4 ,mittitur tibi apologia no/ra1 quamquam v]ius confessio e/4 ,i includ$ 9 ! ,confession almo/ all articles ( fai?1 because ,eck publi%$ mo/ diabolical lies aga9/ u1 quia ,eckius edidit diabolikontatas diabolas contra nos4 ,aga9/ ^! x 0 my purpose to provide an antidote4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #de2 ,lu!r1 ,/4 ,l4 #af1 #fed47 ,?is is 9 accord also ) ,melan*?on's acc\nt 9 8 ,preface ( ,septemb] #bi1 #aeei to ! ,g]man ,corpus ,doctr9ae 7,philippicum71 /at+3 ,"s papal scribbl]s _h dissem9at$ pasqu9ades at ! diet at ,augsburg1 #aecj1 :i* revil$ our *ur*es ) horrible lies1 *>g+ t !y taught _m condemn$ errors1 & 7 l ! ,anabapti/s1 err+ & rebelli\s4 ,answ] _h to be made to ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y1 & 9 ord] to refute ! pasqu9ades1 x 0 decid$ to include all articles ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e 9 prop] succession1 t e "o might see h[ unju/ly our *ur*es 7 sl&]$ 9 ! ly+ papal writ+s4 444 ,f9ally1 ?is ,confession 01 z ,god direct$ & guid$1 drawn up by me 9 ! mann] indicat$1 & ! v5]able ,doctor ,m>t9 ,lu!r 0 pleas$ ) x4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #ibi47 ,! orig9al plan1 h[ev]1 0 n entirely ab&on$1 b m]ely ext5d$ by add+ a def5se also aga9/ ! v>i\s h]esies ) :i* ! ,lu!rans 7 publicly *>g$4 ,?is 0 done 9 an objective pres5tation ( ! pr9cipal doctr9es held by ! ,lu!rans1 = :i* ! ,m>burg & ,s*waba* ,articles s]v$ z models & guides4 #ba4 ,m>burg1 ,s*waba*1 & ,torgau ,articles4 ,! mat]ial f :i* ,melan*?on con/ruct$ ! ,augsburg ,confession is1 9 ! la/ analysis1 none o!r ?an ! ,re=mation tru?s :i* ,lu!r _h proclaim$ s9ce #aeag ) ev]-increas+ cl>ity & =ce4 ,9 p>ticul>1 he 0 guid$ by1 & bas$ 8 labor on1 ! ,m>burg ,articles1 ! ,s*waba* ,articles1 & ! s-call$ ,torgau ,articles4 ,! ,m>burg ,articles1 fifte5 9 numb]1 _h be5 drawn up by ,lu!r1 9 #aebi1 at ! ,colloquy ( ,m>burg1 :5ce he dep>t$ ,octob] #f1 ab\t six mon?s be=e ! ,diet at ,augsburg4 7,lu!r1 ,/4 ,l41 #ag1 #aach f47 ,! sev5te5 ,s*waba* ,articles 7 compos$ by ,lu!r1 ,melan*?on1 ,jonas1 ,br5z & ,agricola1 & pres5t$ to ! ,conv5tion at ,smalcald ab\t ! middle ( ,octob]1 #aebi4 ,accord+ to rec5t rese>*es ! ,s*waba* ,articles ant$at$ ! ,m>burg ,articles & =m$ ! basis = !m4 7,lu!r1 ,weim> ,ed41 #cj1 #c1 #ig1 #ajg47 ,9 #aecj ,lu!r publi%$ ^! ,articles1 rem>k+3 ,x is true t ,i help$ to draw up su* articles2 = !y 7 n compos$ by me alone4 ,?is public /atem5t discr$its ! op9ion ( v4 ,s*ub]t publi%$ 9 #aijh accord+ to :i* ,melan*?on is ! sole au?or ( ! ,s*waba* ,articles1 ,lu!r's contribution & p>ticipation be+ negligible4 ,! ,s*waba* ,articles con/itute ! sev5te5 basic articles ( ! fir/ "p ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #fch4 #fdh4 #efd2 ,c4 ,r4 #bf1 #adf f47 ,! s-call$ ,torgau ,articles are ! docum5ts ref]r$ to above1 t\*+ *iefly ^u ! abuses4 ,pursuant to ! ord] ( ! ,elector1 !y 7 prep>$ by ,lu!r & 8 assi/ants1 ,melan*?on1 ,bug5hag51 & possibly also ,jonas4 ,!y are call$ ,torgau ,articles because ! ord] = draft+ !m came f ,torgau 7,m>* #ad71 & because !y 7 pres5t$ to ! ,elector at ,torgau4 7,fo]/emann1 #a1 #ff2 ,c4 ,r4 #bf1 #aga2 ,/4 ,l4 #af1 #fch47 ,) ref]5ce to ^! articles ,lu!r wrote 7,m>* #ad7 to ,jonas1 :o 0 !n /ill conduct+ ! visitation3 ,! ,pr9ce has writt5 to u1 t is1 to y1 ,pom]anus1 ,philip1 & myself1 9 a lett] address$ to u 9 common1 t we %\ld come toge!r set aside all o!r bus9ess1 & f9i% be=e next ,sunday :atev] is necess>y = ! next diet on ,april #h4 ,= ,emp]or ,*>les himself w be pres5t at ,augsburg to settle all ?+s 9 a fri5dly way1 z he writes 9 8 bull4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh y are abs5t1 we ?ree %all d :at we c today & tomorr[2 /ill1 9 ord] to comply ) ! w ( ! ,pr9ce1 x w be incumb5t ^u y to turn y\r "w ov] to y\r companions & be pres5t ) u "h on ! morr[4 ,= ?+s are 9 a hurry4 ,fe/9ata enim sunt omnia4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #fch47 ,melan*?on also wrote to ,jonas on ! #ae? ( ,m>*3 ,lu!r is summon+ y by ord] ( ! ,pr9ce2 y w !re=e come z soon z x is at all possible4 ,! ,diet1 accord+ to ! proclamation1 w conv5e at ,augsburg4 ,& ! ,emp]or graci\sly promises t he w inve/igate ! matt]1 & correct ! errors on bo? sides4 ,may ,*ri/ /& by u6 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #bh2 ,fo]/emann1 #a1 #de47 ,x 0 to ^! articles 7,torgau ,articles7 t ! ,elector ref]r$ :5 he wrote to ,lu!r f ,augsburg on ! #aa? ( ,may3 ,aft] y & o!rs ( our le>n$ m5 at ,witt5b]g1 at our graci\s desire & dem&1 h draft$ ! articles :i* are 9 religi\s controv]sy1 we d n wi% to conceal f y t ,ma/] ,philip ,melan*?on has n[ at ?is place p]us$ !m fur!r & drawn !m up 9 "o =m4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #dg47 #bb4 ,lu!r's ,spokesman at ,augsburg4 ,! mat]ial1 !re=e1 out ( :i* ,melan*?on1 :o 9 #aecj 0 /ill 9 full accord ) ,lu!r doctr9ally1 fram$ ! fundam5tal symbol ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* 7 ! ?\ghts &1 9 a l>ge measure1 ! v words ( ,lu!r4 ,melan*?on gave to ! ,augsburg ,confession its =m & its ir5ic note1 its entire doctr9al cont5t1 h[ev] mu/ be conc$$ to be iuxta s5t5tiam ,lu!ri1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ,lu!r1 z ,melan*?on himself decl>$ p>ticul>ly ) respect to ! article ( ! ,"l's ,supp]4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #adb47 ,on ! #bg? ( ,june1 two days aft] ! pres5tation ( ! ,confession1 ,melan*?on wrote to ,lu!r3 ,we h hi!rto foll[$ y\r au?ority1 tuam secuti hact5us auctoritatem1 & n[1 says ,melan*?on1 ,lu!r %\ld also let him "k h[ mu* c\ld be yield$ to ! oppon5ts4 7#b1 #adf47 ,accord+ly1 9 ! op9ion ( ,melan*?on1 ,lu!r1 ?\gh abs5t1 0 ! head ( ! ,evangelicals also at ,augsburg4 ,9 8 answ] ,lu!r does n d5y ?is1 b only dem&s ( ,melan*?on to consid] ! cause ( ! ,gospel z 8 own4 ,=1 says he1 x is inde$ my affair1 &1 to tell ! tru?1 my affair m s ?an t ( all ( y4 ,yet !y %\ld n speak ( au?ority4 ,9 ?is matt]1 he cont9ues1 ,i w n be or be call$ y\r au?or au?ority2 & ?\gh ?is might be correctly expla9$1 ,i d n want ?is ^w4 ,if x is n y\r affair at ! same "t & 9 ! same measure1 ,i d n desire t x be call$ m9e & be impos$ ^u y4 ,if x is m9e alone1 ,i %all direct x myself4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #ijf4 #ijc4 ,end]s1 ,lu!rs ,briefwe*sel1 #h1 #dc47 ,lu!r1 !n1 0 ! prime mov] also at ,augsburg4 ,)\t him !re w\ld h be5 no ,evangelical cause1 no ,diet ( ,augsburg1 no ,evangelical confessors1 no ,augsburg ,confession4 ,& ?is is :at ,lu!r really meant :5 he said3 ,confessio ,augu/ana mea2 ! ,augsburg ,confession is m9e4 7,wal* #bb1 #aecb47 ,he did n 9 ! lea/ !reby int5d to deprive ,melan*?on ( any cr$it prop]ly due him ) ref]5ce to ! ,confession4 ,moreov]1 9 a lett] writt5 to ,nicolaus ,hausmann on ,july #f1 #aecj1 ,lu!r ref]s to ! ,augu/ana z our confession1 :i* our ,philip prep>$2 quam ,philippus no/] p>avit4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #hhb2 ,end]s #h1 #hj47 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 ! day ( ,augsburg1 ev5 z ! day ( ,worms1 0 ! day ( ,lu!r & ( ! ,evangelical tru? once m re/or$ to light by ,lu!r4 ,at ,augsburg1 too1 ,melan*?on 0 n ! real au?or & mov+ _s1 b ! in/rum5t & m\?piece ( ,lu!r1 out ( ^: _s ! doctr9e !re confess$ _h proce$$4 7,see ,=mula ( ,concord #ihc1 #cb--cd47 ,only bl9dness born ( false religi\s int]e/s 7indiff]5tism1 unionism1 etc47 c speak ( ,melan*?on's !ological indep5d5ce at ,augsburg or ( any doctr9al disagreem5t betwe5 ! ,augsburg ,confession & ! tea*+ ( ,lu!r4 ,t1 at ! ,diet1 he 0 l$1 & wi%$ to be l$1 by ,lu!r is admitt$ by ,melan*?on himself4 ,9 ! lett] ( ,june #bg1 ref]r$ to above1 he said3 ,! matt]s1 z y ,lu!r "k1 h be5 consid]$ be=e1 ?\gh 9 ! combat x always turns out o!rwise ?an expect$4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #hii2 ,c4 ,r4 #b1 #adf47 ,on ! #ca/ ( ,augu/ he wrote to 8 fri5d ,cam]>ius3 ,hi!rto we h yield$ no?+ to our oppon5ts1 except :at ,lu!r judg$ %\ld be done1 s9ce ! matt] 0 consid]$ well & c>efully be=e ! ,diet2 re b5e ac dilig5t] delib]ata ante conv5tum4 7#b1 #ccd47 ,v p]t95tly ,e4 ,t4 ,nitzs* said ( ,melan*?on 7#ahee73 ,) ! son ( ! m9]1 :o 0 de/9$ to br+ good ore out ( ! deep %aft1 !re 0 associat$ ! son ( an armor]1 :o 0 well qualifi$ to foll[ 8 lead] & to =ge %ields1 helmets1 armor1 & swords = ?is great "w4 ,?is applies also to ! ,augsburg ,confession1 9 :i* ,melan*?on m]ely %ap$ ! mat]ial long be=e produc$ by ,lu!r f ! div9e %afts ( ,god's ,^w4 ,reply+ to ,koell]1 ,rueck]t1 & ,heppe1 :o cont5d t ! au?or%ip ( ! ,augsburg ,confession mu/ 9 e way be ascrib$ to ,melan*?on1 ,philip ,s*aff writes z foll[s3 ,?is is true z f> z ! _s :i* ,lu!r call$ 'pussyfoot+1' ,leisetret5 & ! lit]>y composition are conc]n$2 b z to ! doctr9es ,lu!r _h a "r to say1 ',! ,cate*ism1 ! ,exposition ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 & ! ,augsburg ,confession are m9e4' 7,cre$s #a1 #bbi47 #bc4 ,draft+ ! ,confession4 ,may #aa ! ,confession 0 s f> complet$ t ! ,elector 0 able to submit x to ,lu!r = ! purpose ( gett+ 8 op9ion on x4 ,accord+ to ,melan*?on's lett] ( ! same date1 ! docum5t conta9$ almo/ all articles ( fai?1 omnes f]e articulos f$ei4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #de47 ,?is agrees ) ! acc\nt writt5 by ,melan*?on %ortly be=e 8 dea?1 9 :i* he /ates t 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession he _h pres5t$ ! sum ( our ,*ur*'s doctr9e1 & t 9 s do+ he _h arrogat$ no?+ to himself2 = 9 ! pres5ce ( ! pr9ces1 etc41 ea* individual s5t5ce _h be5 discuss$4 ,!reupon1 says ,melan*?on1 ! entire ,confession 0 s5t also to ,lu!r1 :o in=m$ ! pr9ces t he _h read x & approv$ x4 ,! pr9ces & o!r hone/ & le>n$ m5 /ill liv+ w rememb] t su* 0 ! case4 ,missa e/ d5ique et ,lu!ro tota =ma ,confessionis1 qui ,pr9cipibus scripsit1 se hanc ,confessionem et legisse et prob>e4 ,haec ita acta esse1 ,pr9cipes et alii hone/i et docti viri adhuc sup]/ites mem9]9t4 7#i1 #ajeb47 ,z e>ly z ,may #ae ,lu!r return$ ! ,confession ) ! rem>k3 ,i h read ,ma/] ,philip's ,apology4 ,i am well pleas$ ) x1 & "k no?+ to improve or to *ange 9 x2 nei!r w\ld ?is be prop]1 s9ce ,i _c /ep s g5tly & s(tly4 ,*ri/1 our ,"l1 grant t x may produce mu* & great fruit :i*1 inde$1 we hope & pray =4 ,am54 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #feg47 ,lu!r is said to h add$ ^! words to ! ,t5? ,article3 ,& !y condemn ^? :o tea* o!rwise1 et improbant secus doc5tes4 7,end]s1 #g1 #ccf47 ,up to ! "t ( its pres5tation ! ,augsburg ,confession 0 dilig5tly improv$1 poli%$1 p]fect$1 & p>tly reca/4 ,additions 7 ins]t$ & sev]al articles add$4 ,nor 0 ?is done secretly & )\t ,lu!r's k4 ,may #bb ,melan*?on wrote to ,lu!r3 ,daily we *ange mu* 9 ! ,apology4 ,i h elim9at$ ! article ,on ,v[s1 s9ce x 0 too brief1 & sub/itut$ a full] explanation4 ,n[ ,i am also treat+ ( ! ,p[] ( ! ,keys4 ,i w\ld l to h y read ! articles ( fai?4 ,if y f9d no %ortcom+ 9 !m1 we %all manage to treat ! rema9d]4 ,= "o mu/ always make "s *anges 9 !m & adapt oneself to conditions4 ,sub9de enim mut&i sunt atque ad occasiones accommod&i4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #fj2 ,lu!r1 #af1 #fhi47 ,improvem5ts sugge/$ by ,regius & ,br5z 7 also adopt$4 7,zoeckl]1 ,die ,a4 ,k41 #ah47 ,ev5 ,brueck is said to h made "s improvem5ts4 ,may #bd ! ,nu]nb]g delegates wrote to _! ,c\ncil3 ,! ,saxon ,plan ,apology has be5 return$ by ,doctor ,lu!r4 ,b ,doctor ,brueck1 ! old *ancellor1 /ill has "s *anges to make at ! beg9n+ & ! end4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #fb47 ,! expression beg9n+ & end 7h9t5 und vorne71 accord+ to ,ts*ack]t1 is tantam\nt to all ov] 7ueb]all74 ,h[ev]1 ev5 be=e #ahfg ,plitt wrote x _h long ago be5 recogniz$ t ?is expression ref]s to ! ,introduction & ! ,conclusion ( ! ,confession1 :i* 7 writt5 by ,brueck4 7,aug4 #b1 #aa47 ,brets*neid] is ( ! same op9ion4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #fb47 ,june #c ! ,nu]nb]g delegates wrote3 ,h]e) we transmit to ,y\r ,excell5cies a copy ( ! ,saxon ,plan ,confession 9 ,lat91 toge!r ) ! ,introduction or ,preamble4 ,at ! end1 h[ev]1 !re are lack+ "o or two articles #bj & #ba & ! ,conclusion1 9 :i* ! ,saxon !ologians are /ill engag$4 ,:5 t is complet$1 x %all be s5t to ,y\r ,excell5cies4 ,mean:ile ,y\r ,excell5cies may cause y\r le>n$ m5 & prea*]s to /udy x & delib]ate ^u x4 ,:5 ?is ,plan ,confession is drawn up 9 ,g]man1 x %all n be )held f ,y\r ,excell5cies4 ,! ,saxons1 h[ev]1 di/9ctly desire t1 = ! pres5t1 ,y\r ,excell5cies keep ?is ,plan or docum5t secret1 & t y p]mit no copy to be giv5 to any "o until x has be5 deliv]$ to ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y4 ,!y h reasons ( _! own = mak+ ?is reque/4 444 ,& if ,y\r ,excell5cies' pa/ors & le>n$ m5 %\ld decide to make *anges or improvem5ts 9 ?is ,plan or 9 ! "o previ\sly submitt$1 ^!1 too1 ,y\r ,excell5cies are ask$ to transmit to u4 7#b1 #hc47 ,june #bf ,melan*?on wrote to ,cam]>ius3 ,daily ,i *ang$ & reca/ mu*2 & ,i w\ld h *ang$ /ill m if our advis]s 7sumphradmones7 _h p]mitt$ u to d s4 7#b1 #adj47 #bd4 ,public ,read+ ( ! ,confession4 ,june #ae1 aft] long negotiations1 a numb] ( o!r e/ates 7 p]mitt$ to jo9 ! adh]5ts ( ! ,saxon ,confession4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #aje47 ,z a result1 ,melan*?on's ,introduction1 conta9+ a def5se ( ! ,saxon ,electors1 )\t m5tion+ ! o!r ,lu!ran e/ates1 no long] fitt$ 9 ) ! *ang$ conditions4 ,accord+ly1 x 0 supplant$ by ! ,preface compos$ by ,brueck1 & translat$ into ,lat9 by ,ju/us ,jonas1 ^: ackn[l$g$ elegant ,lat9 & ,g]man /yle qualifi$ him = su* s]vices4 ,at ! la/ delib]ation1 on ,june #bc1 ! ,confession 0 sign$4 ,& on ,june #be1 at #c ,p4,m41 ! ev]-memorable meet+ ( ! ,diet took place at :i* ! ,augu/ana 0 read by ,*ancellor ,bey] 9 ,g]man1 & bo? manuscripts 7 h&$ ov]4 ,! ,emp]or kept ! ,lat9 copy = himself1 & gave ! ,g]man copy to ! ,imp]ial ,*ancellor1 ! ,elector & ,ar*bi%op ,albre*t1 to be pres]v$ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,ar*ives at ,ma9z4 ,bo? texts1 !re=e1 ! ,lat9 z well z ! ,g]man1 h equal au?ority1 al?\gh ! ,g]man text has ! additional di/9ction & pre/ige ( hav+ be5 publicly read at ! ,diet4 ,z to :]e & h[ ! ,lu!ran h]oes confess$ _! fai?1 ,kolde writes z foll[s3 ,! place :]e !y assembl$ on ,saturday1 ,june #be1 at #c ,p4,m41 0 n ! c\rtroom1 :]e ! meet+s ( ! ,diet 7 ord9>ily conduct$1 b1 z ! ,imp]ial ,h]ald1 ,casp> ,/urm1 reports1 ! ',pfalz1' ! l>ge front room1 i4e41 ! ,*apt]-room ( ! bi%op's palace1 :]e ! ,emp]or liv$4 ,! two ,saxon *ancellors1 ,dr4 ,greg4 ,brueck & ,dr4 ,*r4 ,bey]1 ! "o ) ! ,lat9 & ! o!r ) ! ,g]man copy ( ! ,confession1 /epp$ into ! middle ( ! hall1 :ile z _m ( ! ,evangelically m9d$ e/ates z _h ! c\rage publicly to esp\se ! ,evangelical cause arose f _! seats4 ,casp> ,/urm reports3 ',als ab] die gemeldet5 ,commiss>ii und ,bots*aft5 d] oe/]rei*is*5 ,l&e ihre ,w]bung und ,bots*aft voll5det und abgetret51 s9d d>auf von ,/und' an ,kurfu]/ von ,sa*s5 naemli* ,h]zog ,johannes1 ,m>kgraf ,jo]g von ,br&5burg1 ,h]zog ,ern/ samt se9em ,brud] ,franzisko1 beide ,h]zoege zu ,brauns*weig und ,lu5eburg1 ,l&graf ,philipp von ,hess51 ,graf ,wolf von ,anhalt usw4 von ihr] ,session auf2 und geg5 ,kais]li*e ,maje/aet ge/&54' ,! ,emp]or desir$ to he> ! ,lat9 text4 ,b :5 ,elector ,john _h call$ att5tion to ! fact t ! meet+ 0 held on ,g]man soil1 & express$ ! hope t ! ,emp]or w\ld p]mit ! read+ to proce$ 9 ,g]man1 x 0 grant$4 ,h]eupon ,dr4 ,bey] read ! ,confession4 ,! read+ la/$ ab\t two h\rs2 b he read ) a voice s cle> & pla9 t ! multitude1 :i* c\ld n ga9 access to ! hall1 und]/ood e ^w 9 ! c\rty>d4 7#ai f47 ,! public read+ ( ! ,confession ex]cis$ a trem5d\s influ5ce 9 e direction4 ,ev5 be=e ! ,diet adj\rn$1 ,heilbronn1 ,kempt51 ,w9d%eim1 ,weiss5burg & ,frankfurt on ! ,ma9 pr(ess$ _! adh]5ce to x4 ,o!rs _h receiv$ ! fir/ impulse :i* subsequ5tly induc$ !m to side ) ! ,evangelicals4 ,br5z has x t ! ,emp]or fell asleep dur+ ! read+4 ,h[ev]1 ?is c h be5 only tempor>ily or app>5tly1 s9ce ,spalat9 & ,jonas assure u t ! ,emp]or1 l ! o!r pr9ces & ,k+ ,f]d9&1 li/5$ att5tively4 ,_! report reads3 ,satis att5tus erat ,caes>1 ,! ,emp]or 0 att5tive en\gh4 ,duke ,william ( ,bav>ia decl>$3 ,nev] be=e has ?is matt] & doctr9e be5 pres5t$ to me 9 ?is mann]4 ,& :5 ,eck assur$ him t he w\ld und]take to refute ! ,lu!ran doctr9e ) ! ,fa!rs1 b n ) ! ,scriptures1 ! ,duke respond$1 ,!n ! ,lu!rans1 ,i und]/&1 sit 9 ! ,scriptures & we ( ! ,pope's ,*ur* beside ! ,scriptures6 ,s ho]' i* wohl1 die ,lu!ris*5 sitz5 9 d] ,s*rift und wir ,pontificii daneb56 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,salzburg decl>$ t he1 too desir$ a re=mation1 b ! unbe>able ?+ ab\t x 0 t "o lone monk want$ to re=m !m all4 ,9 private conv]sation1 ,bi%op ,/adion ( ,augsburg exclaim$1 ,:at has be5 read to u is ! tru?1 ! pure tru?1 & we _c d5y x4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #hhb2 ,plitt1 ,apologie1 #ah47 ,fa!r ,aegidius1 ! ,emp]or's confessor1 said to ,melan*?on1 ,y h a !ology :i* a p]son c und]/& only if he prays mu*4 ,campegius is report$ to h said t = 8 "p he might well p]mit su* tea*+2 b x w\ld be a prec$5t ( no little consequ5ce1 z ! same p]mission w\ld !n h to be giv5 o!r nations & k+doms1 :i* c\ld n be tol]at$4 7,zoeckl]1 ,a4 ,k41 #bd47 #be4 ,lu!r's ,mild ,criticism4 ,june #bf ,melan*?on s5t a copy ( ! ,confession1 z publicly read1 to ,lu!r1 :o adh]+ to 8 op9ion ( ,may #ae1 prais$ x yet n )\t add+ a gra9 ( g5tle criticism4 ,june #bi he wrote to ,melan*?on3 ,i h receiv$ y\r ,apology & c n und]/& :at y may mean :5 y ask :at & h[ mu* %\ld be yield$ to ! ,papi/s4 444 ,z f> z ,i am conc]n$ too mu* has already be5 yield$ 7plus satis cessum e/7 9 ?is ,apology2 & if !y reject x1 ,i see no?+ t might be yield$ beyond :at has be5 done1 unless ,i see ! pro(s !y pr(f]1 & cle>] ,bible-passages ?an ,i h hi!rto se54 444 ,z ,i h always writt5--,i am prep>$ to yield ev]y?+ to !m if we are b giv5 ! lib]ty to tea* ! ,gospel4 ,i _c yield any?+ t militates aga9/ ! ,gospel4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #ijb2 ,end]s1 #h1 #db4 #de47 ,! cle>e/ expression ( ,lu!r's criticism is f\nd 9 a lett] to ,jonas1 dat$ ,july #ba1 #aecj4 ,"h we read3 ,n[ ,i see ! purpose ( ^? que/ions on ! "p ( ! ,papi/s :e!r y _h any fur!r articles to pres5t4 ,! devil /ill lives1 & he has notic$ v well t y\r ,apology /eps s(tly1 & t x has veil$ ! articles ( ,purgatory1 ! ,adoration ( ! ,sa9ts1 & especially t ( ! ,anti*ri/1 ! ,pope4 ,ano!r read+ ( ?is passage ( ,lu!r3 ,apologiam ve/ram1 die ,leisetret]91 dissimulasse1 is sev]] ev5 ?an ! "o quot$3 ,apologiam ve/ram leise tret5 et dissimulasse4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #bcbc1 ,end]s1 #h1 #acc47 ,br5z reg>d$ ! ,confession z writt5 v c\rte\sly & mode/ly1 valde de civilit] et mode/e4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #abe47 ,! ,nu]nb]g delegates _h also receiv$ ! impression t ! ,confession1 :ile say+ :at 0 necess>y1 0 v res]v$ & discreet4 ,!y report$ to _! ,c\ncil3 ,said in/ruction ,confession1 z f> z ! articles ( fai? are conc]n$1 is sub/antially l t :i* we h previ\sly s5t to ,y\r ,excell5cies1 only t x has be5 improv$ 9 "s p>ts1 & ?r\gh\t made z mild z possible 7all5?alb5 aufs glimpfli*/e gema*t71 yet1 accord+ to our view1 )\t omitt+ any?+ necess>y4 7#b1 #abi47 ,at ,smalcald1 9 #aecg1 ! !ologians 7 ord]$ by ! ,pr9ces & ,e/ates to look ov] ! ,confession1 to make no *anges p]ta9+ to its cont5ts or sub/ance1 nor ^? ( ! ,concord ( #aecf1 b m]ely to enl>ge ^u matt]s reg>d+ ! ,papacy1 :i*1 = c]ta9 reasons1 0 previ\sly omitt$ at ! ,diet ( ,augsburg 9 submissive def]5ce to ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y4 7,kolde1 ,analecta1 #big47 ,indirectly ,melan*?on himself admits ! correctness ( ,lu!r's criticism4 ,true1 :5 aft] ! pres5tation ( ! ,confession he ?\ght ( ! angry ,papi/s1 he trembl$ fe>+ t he _h writt5 too sev]ely4 ,june #bf he wrote to 8 mo/ intimate fri5d1 ,cam]>ius3 ,f> f ?9k+ t ,i h writt5 mild] ?an 0 prop]1 ,i r /rongly fe> 7mirum 9 modum7 t "s h tak5 (f5se at our fre$om4 ,= ,valdes1 ! ,emp]or's secret>y1 saw x be=e its pres5tation & gave x z 8 op9ion t f beg9n+ to end x 0 %>p] ?an ! oppon5ts w\ld be able to endure4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #adj47 ,on ! same day he wrote to ,lu!r3 ,accord+ to my judgm5t1 ! ,confession is sev]e en\gh4 ,= y w see t ,i h depict$ ! monks suffici5tly4 7#ada47 ,9 two lett]s to ,cam]>ius1 h[ev]1 writt5 on ,may #ba & ,june #ai1 respectively1 h5ce be=e ! ef=ts at ton+ d[n ! ,confession 7 complet$1 ,melan*?on express$ ! op9ion t ! ,confession c\ld n h be5 writt5 9 t]ms m g5tle & mild1 mitior et l5ior4 7#b1 #eg47 ,no d\bt1 ,melan*?on also _h 9 m9d 8 f>-rea*+ ir5ics at ,augsburg1 :5 he wrote 9 ! ,preface to ! ,apology ( ! ,augsburg ,confession3 ,x has always be5 my cu/om 9 ^! controv]sies to reta91 s f> z ,i 0 at all able1 ! =m ( ! cu/om>ily receiv$ doctr9e1 9 ord] t at "s "t concord might ! m readily be effect$4 ,nor1 inde$1 am ,i n[ dep>t+ f> f ?is cu/om1 al?\gh ,i c\ld ju/ly lead away ! m5 ( ?is age /ill f>!r f ! op9ions ( ! adv]s>ies4 7#aja1 #aa47 ,evid5tly1 ,melan*?on means to emphasize t 9 ! ,augu/ana he _h be5 cons]vative criticiz+ only :5 compell$ to d s = consci5ce' sake4 #bf4 ,lu!r ,prais+ ,confession & ,confessors4 ,lu!r's criticism did n 9 ! lea/ damp5 8 joy ov] ! glori\s victory at ,augsburg nor less5 8 praise ( ! spl5did confession !re made4 ,9 ! above-m5tion$ lett] ( ,june #bg he id5tifies himself fully & entirely ) ! ,augu/ana & dem&s t ,melan*?on1 too1 consid] x an expression ( 8 own fai?1 & n m]ely ( ,lu!r's fai?4 ,july #c he wrote to ,melan*?on3 ,ye/]day ,i r]ead c>efully y\r entire ,apology1 & x pleases me extremely 7vehem5t]74 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #iac2 ,end]s1 #h1 #gi47 ,july #f he wrote a lett] to ,cordatus 9 :i* he speaks ( ! ,augu/ana z altoge!r a mo/ beautiful confession1 plane pul*]rima confessio4 ,at ! same "t he expresses 8 great delight ov] ! victory won at ,augsburg1 apply+ to ! ,confession ,ps4 #aai1 #df3 ,i w speak ( ,?y te/imonies also be=e k+s1 & w n be a%am$1--a text :i* ev] s9ce has rema9$ ! motto1 appe>+ on all ( its subsequ5t manuscripts & pr9t$ copies4 ,lu!r said3 ,i rejoice beyond measure t ,i liv$ to see ! h\r 9 :i* ,*ri/ 0 publicly glorifi$ by su* great confessors ( ,81 9 s great an assembly1 ?r\gh ?is 9 e respect mo/ beautiful ,confession4 ,& ! ^w has be5 fulfill$ ,ps4 #aai1 #df3 ',i w speak ( ,?y te/imonies also be=e k+s2' & ! o!r ^w w also be fulfill$3 ',i 0 n conf\nd$4' ,=1 ',:osoev] confesses ,me be=e m5' 7s speaks ,he :o lies n71 'him w ,i also confess be=e ,my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav54' 7#af1 #iae2 ,e4 #h1 #hc47 ,july #i ,lu!r wrote to ,jonas ,*ri/ 0 l\dly proclaim$ by means ( ! public & glori\s ,confession 7publica et gloriosa confessione7 & confess$ 9 ! op5 7am ,li*te7 & 9 _! ! ,papi/s' faces1 s t !y _c boa/ t we fl$1 _h be5 afraid1 or _h conceal$ our fai?4 ,i only regret t ,i 0 n able to be pres5t :5 ?is spl5did ,confession 0 made 79 hac pul*ra confessione74 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #ibh2 ,e4 #h1 #id47 ,on ! same day1 ,july #i1 ,lu!r wrote to ! ,elector3 ,i "k & consid] well t our ,"l ,*ri/ ,himself com=ts ! he>t ( ,y\r ,electoral ,grace bett] ?an ,i or any "o else is able to d4 ,?is is %[n1 too1 & prov$ be=e our eyes by ! facts1 = ! oppon5ts ?9k t !y made a %rewd move by hav+ ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y prohibit prea*+4 ,b ! poor delud$ p d n see t1 ?r\gh ! writt5 ,confession pres5t$ to !m1 m has be5 prea*$ ?an o!rwise p]haps t5 prea*]s c\ld h done4 ,is x n ke5 wisdom & great wit t ,magi/] ,eisleb5 & o!rs mu/ keep sil5ce8 ,b 9 lieu !re( ! ,elector ( ,saxony1 toge!r ) o!r pr9ces & lords1 arises ) ! writt5 ,confession & prea*es freely be=e ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y & ! entire realm1 "u _! noses s t !y mu/ he> & _c ga9say4 ,i ?9k t ?us ! ord] prohibit+ prea*+ 0 a success inde$4 ,!y w n p]mit _! s]vants to he> ! m9i/]s1 b mu/ !mselves he> some?+ f> worse 7z !y reg>d x7 f su* great lords1 & keep _! peace4 ,inde$1 ,*ri/ is n sil5t at ! ,diet2 & ?\gh !y be furi\s1 /ill !y mu/ he> m by li/5+ to ! ,confession ?an !y w\ld h he>d 9 a ye> f ! prea*]s4 ,?us is fulfill$ :at ,paul says3 ,god's ,^w w nev]!less h free c\rse4 ,if x is prohibit$ 9 ! pulpit1 x mu/ be he>d 9 ! palaces4 ,if poor prea*]s d>e n speak x1 !n mighty pr9ces & lords proclaim x4 ,9 brief1 if ev]y?+ keeps sil5ce1 ! v /ones w cry out1 says ,*ri/ ,himself4 7#af1 #hae47 ,septemb] #ae1 at ! close ( ! ,diet1 ,lu!r wrote to ,melan*?on3 ,y h confess$ ,*ri/1 (f]$ peace1 obey$ ! ,emp]or1 endur$ reproa*1 be5 sat$ ) sl&]1 & h n recomp5s$ evil = evil2 9 sum y h p]=m$ ! holy "w ( ,god1 z becomes sa9ts1 9 a wor?y mann]4 444 ,i %all canonize y 7canonizabo vos7 z fai?ful memb]s ( ,*ri/4 7#af1 #bcai2 ,e4 #h1 #bei47 #bg4 ,manuscripts & ,editions ( ,augu/ana4 ,z f> z ! text ( ! ,augsburg ,confession is conc]n$1 bo? ( ! orig9al manuscripts are lo/ to u4 ,evid5tly !y h become a prey to ,romi% rage & enmity4 ,eck 0 giv5 p]mission to exam9e ! ,g]man copy 9 #aedj1 & possibly at t "t already x 0 n return$ to ,ma9z4 ,x may h be5 tak5 to ,tr5t = ! discussions at ! ,c\ncil1 & !nce c>ri$ to ,rome4 ,! ,lat9 orig9al 0 deposit$ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,ar*ives at ,brussels1 :]e x 0 se5 & p]us$ by ,l9danus 9 #aefb4 ,febru>y #ah1 #aefi1 h[ev]1 ,philip ,,ii in/ruct$ ,duke ,alva to br+ ! manuscript to ,spa91 le/ ! ,prote/ants reg>d x z a ,koran1 & 9 ord] t su* a damn$ "w might =ev] be de/roy$2 porque se hunda p>a siempre tan malvada obra4 ,! keep] ( ! ,brussels ar*ives himself te/ifies t ! manuscript 0 deliv]$ to ,alva4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no lack ( o!r manuscripts ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,up to ! pres5t "t no less ?an #ci h be5 f\nd4 ,( ^!1 five ,g]man & f\r ,lat9 copies conta9 also ! signatures4 ,! five ,g]man copies are 9 v]bal agreem5t almo/ ?r\gh\t1 & !re=e probably (f] ! text z read & pres5t$ at ,augsburg4 ,! pr9t+ ( ! ,confession _h be5 expressly prohibit$ by ! ,emp]or4 ,june #bf ,melan*?on wrote to ,veit ,dietri*3 ,our ,confession has be5 pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or4 ,he ord]$ t x be n pr9t$4 ,y w !re=e see t x is n made public4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #adb47 ,h[ev]1 ev5 dur+ ! sessions ( ! ,diet a numb] ( pr9t$ editions six 9 ,g]man & "o 9 ,lat91 7 issu$ by irresponsible p>ties4 ,b s9ce ^! 7 full ( errors1 & s9ce1 fur!rmore1 ! ,romani/s ass]t$ ) increas+ boldness & *all5ge t ! ,confession ( ! ,lu!rans _h be5 refut$1 by ! ,roman ,confutation1 f ! ,scriptures & ! ,fa!rs1 ,melan*?on1 9 #aecj1 _h a correct edition pr9t$1 :i* 0 issu$1 toge!r ) ! ,apology1 9 ,may1 #aeca4 ,?is qu>to edition 7,beide1 ,deuts* ,und ,late9is* ,ps4 #aai7 is reg>d$ z ! editio pr9ceps4 ,= ye>s ?is edition 0 also consid]$ ! au!ntic edition ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,its ,lat9 text 0 embodi$ #aehd 9 ! ,book ( ,concord z ! textus receptus4 ,b :5 att5tion 0 drawn to ! *anges 9 ! ,g]man text ( ?is edition 7also ! ,lat9 text _h be5 subject$ to m9or alt]ations71 ! ,ma9z ,manuscript 0 sub/itut$ 9 ! ,g]man ,book ( ,concord1 z its ,preface expla9s4 7#ad47 ,?is manuscript1 h[ev] conta9s no orig9al signatures & 0 errone\sly consid]$ ! id5tical docum5t pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or1 ( :i* x 0 probably b a copy4 ,9 8 ,introduction to ! ,symbolical ,books1 ,j4 ,t4 ,muell] expresses ! foll[+ op9ion conc]n+ ! ,ma9z ,manuscript3 ,to say ! lea/1 "o _c d5y t its text1 z a rule1 agrees ) t ( ! be/ manuscripts1 & t its mi/akes c easily be correct$ accord+ to !m & ! editio pr9ceps1 s t we h no reason to surr5d] ! text receiv$ by ! ,*ur* & to accept ano!r 9 place !re(1 ( :i* we _c prove ei!r t x is any clos] to ! orig9al4 7#gh47 ,ts*ack]t1 :o devot$ mu* /udy to ! manuscripts ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 writes3 ,! ,saxon !ologians act$ 9 good fai?1 & ! ,ma9z copy is /ill c]ta9ly bett] ?an ,melan*?on's orig9al impr9t ! editio pr9ceps yet1 :5 comp>$ ) ! complete &--because syn*ron\s ) ! orig9ally pres5t$ copy--reliable manuscripts ( ! sign]s ( ! ,confession1 ! ,ma9z ,manuscript proves to be defective 9 q a numb] ( places4 7,l4c4 #fba f47 ,h[ev]1 ev5 ,ts*ack]t's m9ute comp>ison %[s t ! ,ma9z ,manuscript deviates f ! orig9al pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or only 9 unimportant & purely =mal po9ts4 ,= example1 9 sec4 #bj ( ! ,preface ! words3 ,pap/ das ,g5]alkonzilium zu halt5 ni*t geweig]t1 s wa]e ,e4 ,k4 ,m4 gna$iges ,erbiet51 zu =d]n und zu h&eln1 dass d] are omitt$4 ,art4 #bg sec4 #dh we are to read3 dass die erdi*tet5 gei/li*5 ,ord5 ,/a5de s9d *ri/li*] ,vollkomm5heit in/ead (3 dass die erdi*tet5 gei/li*5 ,ord5s/a5de s9d *ri/li*e ,vollkomm5heit4 ,art4 #bg1 sec4 #fa reads1 die ,ueb]mass d] ,w]ke1 in/ead (1 die ,ueb]massw]ke1 by ! way1 an excell5t expression1 :i* %\ld aga9 be giv5 curr5cy 9 ! ,g]man4 ,! conclusion ( sec4 #b has ,lei*pr$igt5 in/ead ( ,beipr$igt54 ,accord+ to ! manuscripts1 also ! ,ma9z ,manuscript1 ! correct read+ ( sec4 #ab ( ! ,preface is z foll[s3 ,wo ab] bei uns]n ,h]rn1 ,freund5 und besond]s d5 ,kurfu]/51 ,fu]/5 und ,/a5d5 des &]n ,teils die ,h&lung d]mass51 wie ,e4 ,k4 ,m4 ,auss*reib5 v]mag 7bequeme ,h&lung unt] uns selb/ 9 ,lieb und ,guetigkeit7 ni*t v]fang5 no* erspriessli* se9 wollte etc4 ,! words1 bequeme ,h&lung unt] uns selb/ 9 ,lieb' und ,guetigkeit1 are quot$ f ! imp]ial proclamation4 7,fo]/emann1 #g1 #cgh2 ,plitt1 #b1 #ab47 ,orig9ally only ! la/ sev5 articles conc]n+ ! abuses _h sep>ate titles1 ! doctr9al articles be+ m]ely numb]$1 z 9 ! ,m>burg & ,s*waba* ,articles1 :i* ,melan*?on _h be=e him at ,augsburg4 7,lu!r1 ,weim> #cj1 #c1 #hf4 #afj47 ,nor are ! pres5t captions ( ! doctr9al articles f\nd 9 ! orig9al ,g]man & ,lat9 editions ( ! ,book ( ,concord1 ,article ,,xx =m+ a solit>y exception2 = 9 ! ,g]man 79 ! ,lat9 ,concordia1 too1 x be>s no title7 x is sup]scrib$3 ,vom ,glaub5 und gut5 ,w]k51 ,( ,fai? & ,good ,works4 ,?is is probably due to ! fact t ,article ,,xx 0 tak5 f ! s-call$ ,torgau ,articles &1 ) its sup]scription !re1 plac$ among ! doctr9al articles4 ,9 ! ,g]man edition ( #aehj ! ^w ,s*luss is omitt$ :]e ! ,lat9 has ,epilogus4 ,z to ! translations1 ev5 be=e ! ,confession 0 pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or1 x _h be5 r5d]$ into ,fr5*4 7,?is translation 0 publi%$ by ,fo]/emann1 #a1 #ceg47 ,! ,emp]or _h x translat$ = 8 own use into bo? ,italian & ,fr5*4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #aee2 ,lu!r1 ,/4 ,l41 #af1 #hhd47 ,s9ce !n ! ,augu/ana has be5 done into ,hebrew1 ,greek1 ,spani%1 ,portuguese1 ,belgian1 ,slavic1 ,dani%1 ,sw$i%1 ,engli%1 & _m o!r languages4 ,z to ! ,engli% translations1 see page #f4 tr4 note3 numb]$ section #d1 above #bh4 ,signatures ( ,augsburg ,confession4 ,conc]n+ ! signatures ( ! ,augu/ana1 ,ts*ack]t writes z foll[s3 ,! names ( ! sign]s are mo/ reliably det]m9$ f ! be/ manuscript copies ( ! orig9al ( ! ,confession1 :i* h be5 pres]v$ to u4 ,!re we f9d ! signatures ( eight pr9ces & two free cities1 to wit1 ,elector ,john ( ,saxony1 ,m>grave ,george ( ,br&5burg-,ansba*1 ,duke ,erne/ ( ,brauns*weig-,lu5eburg1 ,l&grave ,philip ( ,hesse1 !n ,john ,fr$]ick1 ! ,electoral ,pr9ce ( ,saxony1 ,erne/'s bro!r ,francis ( ,brauns*weig-,lu5eburg1 ,pr9ce ,wolfgang ( ,anhalt1 ,c\nt ,albre*t ( ,mansfeld1 & ! cities ,nu]nb]g & ,reutl+54 7,l4c4 #bhe2 see also ,lu!r's lett] ( ,july #f1 #aecj1 ,/4 ,l4 #af1 #hhb47 ,cam]>ius1 9 8 ,life ( ,melan*?on1 relates t ,melan*?on desir$ to h ! ,confession drawn up 9 ! "n ( ! !ologians only1 b t 8 plan did n prevail because x 0 believ$ t ! signatures ( ! pr9ces w\ld l5d pre/ige & spl5dor to ! act ( pres5t+ ?is confession ( fai?4 ,besides1 ?is plan ( ,melan*?on's 0 exclud$ by ! ,emp]or's proclamation4 ,al?\gh ,philip ( ,hesse1 9 ! int]e/ ( a union ) ! ,swiss1 _h zeal\sly1 b 9 va91 endeavor$ to secure = ! article conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] a mild] =m /ill1 9 ! end1 he did n refuse to sign4 ,regius wrote to ,lu!r1 ,may #ba1 t he _h discuss$ ! entire cause ( ! ,gospel ) ! ,l&grave1 :o _h invit$ him to d9n]1 & talk$ ) him = two h\rs on ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,! ,pr9ce _h pres5t$ all ! argum5ts ( ! ,sacram5t>ians & desir$ to he> ,regius refute !m4 ,b :ile ! ,l&grave did n side ) ,zw+li 7non s5tit cum ,zw+lio71 yet he desir$ ) all 8 he>t an agreem5t ( ! !ologians1 z f> z piety w\ld p]mit 7exoptat doctorum hom9um concordiam1 quantum s9it pietas74 ,he 0 f> less incl9$ to diss5sion ?an rumor _h x be=e 8 arrival4 ,he w\ld h>dly despise ! wise c\nsel ( ,melan*?on & o!rs4 7,kolde1 ,analecta1 #abe2 see also ,c4 ,r4 #b1 #ei1 :]e ! text reads1 nam s5tit cum ,zw+lio in/ead (1 non s5tit cum ,zw+lio47 ,accord+ly1 ! m9d ( ! ,l&grave 0 n outright ,zw+lian1 b unioni/ic4 ,he reg>d$ ! foll[]s ( ,zw+li z weak bre?r5 :o mu/ be borne )1 & to :om ,*ri/ian fell[%ip %\ld n be refus$4 ,?is also expla9s h[ ! ,l&grave c\ld sign ! ,augu/ana1 & yet cont9ue 8 endeavors to br+ ab\t a union4 ,may #bb ,melan*?on wrote to ,lu!r3 ,! ,mac$onian ,philip ( ,hesse n[ contemplates sign+ our =mula ( spee*1 & x appe>s z if he c be drawn back to our side2 /ill1 a lett] f y w be necess>y4 ,!re=e ,i beg y mo/ urg5tly t y write him1 admoni%+ him n to burd5 8 consci5ce ) a godless doctr9e4 ,/ill ! ,l&grave did n *ange 8 position 9 ! next few weeks4 ,june #be1 h[ev]1 ,melan*?on report$ to ,lu!r3 ,! ,l&grave approves our ,confession & has sign$ x4 ,y w1 ,i hope accompli% mu* if y seek to /r5g!n him by writ+ him a lett]4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #fj4 #ib4 #if4 #aja4 #ajc4 #abf2 ,lu!r ,/4 ,l41 #af1 #fhi2 #ba;a1 #adii47 ,at ,augsburg1 :i!r also ,zw+li _h s5t 8 ,fidei ,ratio1 ! ,s\?-,g]man imp]ial cities 7,/rassburg1 ,con/ance1 ,memm+51 ,l9dau7 pres5t$ ! s-call$ ,confessio ,tetrapolitana1 prep>$ by ,buc] & ,capito1 :i* decl>es t ! ,sacram5ts are holy types1 & t 9 ! ,"l's ,supp] ! true body & ! true blood ( ,*ri/ are truly eat5 & drunk z meat & dr9k = ! s\ls :i* are !reby n\ri%$ unto et]nal life4 ,h[ev]1 9 #aecb ^! cities1 too1 sign$ ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,?us ! se$ :i* ,lu!r s[$ _h gr[n wond]fully4 ,june #be1 #aecj1 is prop]ly reg>d$ z ! real bir?day ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,f ?is day on %e /&s be=e all ! _w z a body unit$ by a public confession & sep>ate f ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,! lone1 b c\rage\s confessor ( ,worms saw himself surr\nd$ ) a /ately ho/ ( true ,*ri/ian h]oes1 :o 7 n afraid to place _! names "u 8 ,confession1 al?\gh !y knew t x might co/ !m goods & blood1 life & limb4 ,:5 ! ,emp]or1 aft] ent]+ ,augsburg1 /ubbornly dem&$ t ! ,lu!rans cease prea*+1 ,m>grave ,george ( ,br&5burg f9ally decl>$3 ,r ?an d5y my ,god & suff] ! ,^w ( ,god to be tak5 f me1 ,i w kneel d[n & h my head /ruck (f4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #aae47 ,t *>act]izes ! pi\s & h]oic frame ( m9d ( all :o sign$ ! ,augu/ana 9 #aecj ,9 a lett]1 ( ,june #ah1 to ,lu!r1 ,jonas relates h[ ! ,ca?olic pr9ces & e/ates knelt d[n to receive ! bless+ ( ,campegius :5 ! latt] ent]$ ! city1 b t ! ,elector rema9$ /&+ & decl>$3 ,to ,god alone %all knees be b[$2 ,9 ,deo flect5da sunt g5ua4 7,kolde1 ,analecta1 #ace47 ,:5 ,melan*?on call$ ! ,elector's att5tion to ! possible consequ5ces ( 8 sign+ ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ! latt] answ]$ t he w\ld d :at 0 "r1 )\t conc]n+ himself ab\t 8 electoral dignity2 he w\ld confess 8 ,"l1 ^: cross he priz$ high] ?an all ! p[] ( ! _w4 ,br5z wrote3 ,our pr9ces are mo/ /eadfa/ 9 confess+ ! ,gospel1 & surely1 :5 ,i consid] _! great /eadfa/ness1 !re comes ov] me no small feel+ ( %ame because we poor begg>s !ologians are fill$ ) fe> ( ! ,imp]ial ,maje/y4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #abe47 ,lu!r praises ,elector ,john = hav+ suff]$ a bitt] dea? at ! ,diet ( ,augsburg4 ,!re1 says ,lu!r1 he _h to swall[ all k9ds ( na/y s\ps & poison ) :i* ! devil s]v$ him2 at ,augsburg he publicly1 be=e all ! _w1 confess$ ,*ri/'s dea? & resurrection1 & haz>d$ prop]ty & p1 yea1 8 own body & life2 & because ( ! confession :i* he made we %all honor him z a ,*ri/ian4 7,/4 ,l4 #ab1 #bjgh f47 ,& n only ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 b all ,prote/ant ,*ri/5dom1 aye1 ! entire _w has e reason to rev]e & hold sacr$ ! memory ( ! h]oes :o boldly affix$ _! names to ! ,confession ( #aecj4 #bi4 ,tributes to ,confession ( ,augsburg4 ,f ! mom5t ( its pres5tation to ! pres5t day1 m5 h n tir$ ( prais+ ! ,augsburg ,confession1 :i* has be5 call$ ,confessio augu/a1 ,confessio augu/issima1 ! ,evangelis*] ,augapfel1 etc4 ,!y h admir$ its sy/ematic plan1 its complet5ess1 compreh5siv5ess1 & arrangem5t2 its balance ( mildness & firmness2 its racy vigor1 fre%ness1 & directness2 its beauty ( composition1 ! l ( :i* c n be f\nd 9 ! entire lit]ature ( ! ,re=mation p]iod4 ,spalat9 exclaims3 ,a ,confession1 ! l ( :i* 0 nev] made1 n only 9 a ?\s& ye>s1 b z long z ! _w has be5 /&+6 ,s>torius3 ,a confession ( ! et]nal tru?1 ( true ecum5ical ,*ri/ianity1 & ( all fundam5tal articles ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?6 ,f ! ,diet ( ,augsburg1 :i* is ! bir?day ( ! ,evangelical ,*ur* ,f$]ation1 d[n to ! great ,peace ,congress ( ,mu5/] & ,osnabrueck1 ?is ,confession /&s z ! t[]+ /&>d 9 ! entire hi/ory ( ^? pr(\ndly tr\bl\s times1 ga!r+ ! ,prote/ants ab\t itself 9 ev] clos] ranks1 &1 :5 assault$ by ! enemies ( ,evangelical tru? ) increas+ fury1 is def5d$ by its fri5ds 9 sev]e fight+1 ) loss ( goods & blood1 & always f9ally victori\sly holds ! field4 ,"u ! protection ( ?is bann] ! ,evangelical ,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 ,g]many has be5 built up on firm & unassailable f\ndations3 "u ! same protection ! ,re=m$ ,*ur* 9 ,g]many has f\nd %elt]4 ,b ! bann] 0 c>ri$ /ill f>!r2 = all ,sw$es1 ,danes1 ,norwegians1 & ,prussians h sworn allegiance to x1 & ! ,e/honians1 ,latts1 ,f9ns1 z well z all ,lu!rans ( ,russia1 ,france1 & o!r l&s recognize !re9 ! palladium ( _! fai? & rights4 ,no o!r ,prote/ant confession has ev] be5 s honor$4 7,gu]icke1 ,kg41 #c1 #aaf f47 ,vilm> says 9 praise ( ! ,confession3 ,:oev] has once felt a g5tle brea? ( ! brac+ m\nta9 air :i* is waft$ f ?is mighty m\nta9 ( fai? ! ,augsburg ,confession no long] seeks to pit aga9/ its firm & quiet dignity 8 own unc]ta91 immature1 & wav]+ ?\ghts nor to direct ! va9 & *ildi% puff ( 8 m\? aga9/ t brea? ( ,god 9 ord] to give x a diff]5t direction4 7,!ol4 d4 ,tatsa*51 #gf47 ,9 8 ,introduction to ! ,symbolical ,books1 ,j4 ,t4 ,muell] says3 ,lu!r call$ ! ,diet ( ,augsburg '! la/ trumpet be=e ,judgm5t ,day2' h5ce we may well call ! confession !re made ! bla/ ( t trumpet1 :i*1 inde$1 has gone =? into all l&s1 ev5 z ! ,gospel ( ,god :i* x proclaims 9 its purity4 7#gh47 ,! highe/ praise1 h[ev]1 is giv5 ! ,augsburg ,confession by ! ,*ur* :i* 0 born ) x1 :51 e4g41 9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 ! ,lu!rans designate x z ! symbol ( our "t1 & glory 9 x z ! ,confession1 :i*1 ?\gh fr[n$ ^u & assail$ by its oppon5ts1 d[n to ?is day has rema9$ unrefut$ & unov]?r[n 7bis auf dies5 ,tag unwid]legt und unumge/oss5 geblieb574 7#ggg1 #d2 #hdg1 #c47 ,,iv4 ,melan*?on's ,alt]ations ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 #cj4 ,*anges ,unw>rant$4 ,melan*?on cont9u$ un9t]rupt$ly to poli% & correct ! ,augsburg ,confession till imm$iately be=e its pres5tation on ,june #be1 #aecj4 ,:ile1 inde$ he _c be c5sur$ = do+ ?is1 x 0 ?\gh orig9ally n s int5d$ by ,melan*?on1 an act ( presumption to cont9ue to alt] ! docum5t aft] x _h be5 adopt$1 sign$1 & publicly pres5t$4 ,ev5 ! editio pr9ceps ( #aeca is no long] 9 lit]al agreem5t ) ! orig9al manuscripts4 ,= ?is reason ! ,g]man text embodi$ 9 ! ,book ( ,concord is n ! "o conta9$ 9 ! editio pr9ceps1 b t ( ! ,ma9z ,manuscript1 :i*1 z /at$1 0 errone\sly believ$ to be ! id5tical ,g]man copy pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or4 ,! ,lat9 text ( ! editio pr9ceps1 embodi$ 9 ! ,book ( ,concord1 _h likewise und]gone "s1 ?\gh uness5tial1 *anges4 ,^! alt]ations became mu* m ext5sive 9 ! ,lat9 octavo edition ( #aeca & 9 ! ,g]man revision ( #aecc4 ,! ,v>iata ( #aedj & #aedb1 h[ev]1 capp$ ! climax z f> z *anges are conc]n$1 "s ( !m be+ v que/ionable also doctr9ally4 ,9 _! ,approbation ( ! ,concordia ,g]manico-,lat9a1 edit$ by ,re9eccius1 #agjh1 ! ,leipzig !ologians rem>k p]t95tly3 ,melan*?on f\nd x impossible to leave a book z x once 04 ,witness 8 ,loci ( #aeba1 :i* he remodel$ ?ree times--#aece1 #aedb1 & #aedh4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,loci 7 8 own private "w :ile ! ,augu/ana 0 ! prop]ty & confession ( ! ,*ur*4 ,ts*ack]t is "r :5 he comm5ts z foll[s3 ,to-day x is reg>d$ z an almo/ incompreh5sible trait ( ,melan*?on's "* t imm$iately aft] ! ,diet & all 8 lifetime he reg>d$ ! ,confession z a private production ( 8 p51 & made *anges 9 x z (t5 z he _h x pr9t$1 :ile he1 m s ?an o!rs1 c\ld b evaluate x z a /ate-pap] ( ! ,evangelical e/ates1 :i*1 hav+ be5 read & deliv]$ 9 solemn session1 repres5t$ an important docum5t ( ,g]man hi/ory1 bo? secul> & ecclesia/ical4 ,9 ext5uation x is said t ,melan*?on made ^! *anges 9 p$agogical int]e/s1 namely1 9 ord] to cl>ify t]ms or to expla9 !m m def9itely2 fur!rmore1 t = decades ! ,evangelical e/ates & !ologians did n take (f5se at ,melan*?on's *anges4 ,bo? may be true4 ,b ?is does n *ange ! fact t ! *ief editor ( ! ,confession did n appreciate ! _w-hi/orical significance ( ?is /ate-pap] ( ! ,evangelical e/ates4 7,l4c4 #bhh47 ,nor c x be d5i$ t ,melan*?on made ^! *anges1 n m]ely 9 p$agogical int]e/s1 b1 at lea/ a numb] ( !m1 also 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 deviat+ dogmatic views & 9 def]5ce to ,philip ( ,hesse1 :o favor$ a union ) ! ,swiss4 ,nor c ,melan*?on be fully cle>$ ( dissimulation 9 ?is matt]4 ,! revis$ ,apology ( #aedj1 = example1 he op5ly designat$ on ! titlepage z dilig5tly revis$1 dilig5t] recognita2 b 9 ! case ( ! ,augsburg ,confession ( #aedj & #aedb he 9 no way indicat$ t x 0 a *ang$ & augm5t$ edition4 ,z yet x has n be5 def9itely asc]ta9$ :5 & :]e ! t]ms ,v>iata & ,inv>iata orig9at$4 ,at ! pr9ces' diet ( ,naumburg1 9 #aefa1 ! ,v>iata 0 designat$ z ! am5d$ edition4 ,! ,reuss ,confession ( #aefg conta9s ! t]m unalt]$ ,augsburg ,confession4 ,9 its ,epitome z well z 9 its ,?or\gh ,decl>ation ! ,=mula ( ,concord speaks ( ! ,fir/ ,unalt]$ ,augsburg ,confession--,augu/ana illa prima et non mutata ,confessio4 7#ggg1 #d2 #hea1 #e47 ,! ,preface to ! ,=mula ( ,concord repeat$ly speaks ( ! ,v>iata ( #aedj z ! o!r edition ( ! ,augsburg ,confession--alt]a ,augu/anae ,confessionis editio4 7#ac f47 #ca4 ,detrim5tal ,consequ5ces ( ,alt]ations4 ,! *anges made 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession br\ght great di/ress1 heavy c>es1 & bitt] /ruggles ^u ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* bo? f )9 & )\t4 ,*ur* hi/ory records ! manifold & s9i/] ways 9 :i* !y 7 exploit$ by ! ,re=m$ z well z ! ,papi/s2 especially by ! latt] 7! ,jesuits7 at ! religi\s colloquies beg9n+ #aedj1 until f> into ! "t ( ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 9 ord] to deprive ! ,lu!rans ( ! bless+s gu>ante$ by ! religi\s ,peace ( ,augsburg1 #aeee4 7,salig1 ,ges*4 d4 ,a4 ,k41 #a1 #ggj ff42 ,lehre und ,wehre #aiai1 #bah ff47 ,on ,melan*?on's alt]ations ( ! ,augsburg ,confession ! ,romani/s1 z ! ,preface to ! ,book ( ,concord expla9s1 bas$ ! reproa* & sl&] t ! ,lu!rans !mselves did n "k :i* is ! true & g5u9e ,augsburg ,confession4 7#ae47 ,decry+ ! ,lu!rans1 !y boldly decl>$ t n two prea*]s are f\nd :o agree 9 ea* & e article ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 b t !y are r5t asund] & sep>at$ f "o ano!r to su* an ext5t t !y !mselves no long] "k :at is ! ,augsburg ,confession & its prop] s5se4 7#ajie47 ,9 spite ( ! express decl>ation ( ! ,lu!rans at ,naumburg1 #aefa1 t !y 7 m9d$ to abide by ! orig9al ,augsburg ,confession z pres5t$ to ,emp]or ,*>les ,v at ,augsburg1 #aecj1 ! ,papi/s & ! ,re=m$ did n cease _! calumniations1 b cont9u$ to int]pret _! decl>ations to mean1 z ?\gh we ! ,lu!rans 7 s unc]ta9 conc]n+ our religion1 & s (t5 _h transfus$ x f "o =mula to ano!r1 t x 0 no long] cle> to u or our !ologians :at is ! ,confession once (f]$ to ! ,emp]or at ,augsburg4 7#aa47 ,z a result ( ! num]\s &1 9 "p radical *anges made by ,melan*?on 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ! ,re=m$ also1 9 ! c\rse ( "t m & m1 laid claim to ! ,v>iata & appeal$ to x ov] aga9/ ! loyal ,lu!rans4 ,9 p>ticul>1 !y reg>d$ & int]pret$ ! alt]ation :i* ,melan*?on _h made 9 ,article ,x1 ,( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 z a correction ( ! orig9al ,augu/ana 9 def]5ce to ! views ( ,calv9ism4 ,calv9 decl>$ t he 7#aeci at ,/rassburg7 _h sign$ ! ,augu/ana 9 ! s5se 9 :i* its au?or ,melan*?on expla9s x 7sicut eam auctor ipse int]pretatur74 ,& :5ev] ! ,re=m$1 :o 7 reg>d$ z confessionally relat$ to ! ,augsburg ,confession 7,confessioni ,augu/anae addicti71 & z su* %>$ 9 ! bless+s ( ! ,peace ( ,augsburg 7#aeee7 & ! ,peace ( ,we/phalia 7#afdh71 adopt$1 & appeal$ to1 ! ,augu/ana1 !y int]pret$ x accord+ to ! ,v>iata4 ,ref]r+ to ?is abuse on ! "p ( ! ,re=m$ & ,crypto-,calv9i/s1 ! ,preface to ! ,book ( ,concord rem>ks3 ,to ^! disadvantages ! sl&]s ( ! ,romani/s !re is also add$ t1 "u ! pretext ( ! ,augsburg ,confession ,v>iata ( #aedj1 ! tea*+ conflict+ ) ! in/itution ( ! ,holy ,supp] ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ & also o!r corruptions 7 introduc$ "h & !re into ! *ur*es & s*ools4 7#aa4 #ag47--,?us ! *anges made 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession did mu* h>m to ! ,lu!ran cause4 ,melan*?on belongs to ! class ( m5 t h greatly b5efit$ our ,*ur*1 b h also s]i\sly h>m$ x4 ,^! fictions ( ! adv]s>ies1 says ! ,preface to ! ,book ( ,concord conc]n+ ! sl&]s bas$ on ,melan*?on's *anges h det]r$ & ali5at$ _m good m5 f our *ur*es1 s*ools1 doctr9e1 fai?1 & confession4 7#aa47 #cb4 ,attitude t[>d ,v>iata4 ,john ,eck 0 ! fir/ :o1 9 #aeda1 at ! religi\s colloquy ( ,worms1 publicly prote/$ aga9/ ! ,v>iata4 ,b s9ce x 0 app>5t t mo/ ( ! *anges 7 int5d$ m]ely z re5=cem5ts ( ! ,lu!ran position aga9/ ! ,papi/s1 & ,melan*?on also decl>$ t he _h made no *anges 9 ! matt] & sub/ance or 9 ! s5se1 i4e41 9 ! doctr9e itself1 ! ,lu!rans at t "t1 z ! ,preface to ! ,book ( ,concord %[s1 atta*$ no fur!r importance to ! matt]4 ,! fre$om ) :i* 9 ^? days =mal alt]ations 7 made ev5 9 public docum5ts1 & ! guilelessness ) :i* su* *anges 7 receiv$1 appe>s1 = example1 f ! translation ( ! ,apology by ,ju/us ,jonas4 ,h[ev]1 n all ,lu!rans ev5 at t "t 7 able to view ,melan*?on's *anges )\t appreh5sion & indiff]5ce4 ,among ^! 0 ,elector ,john ,fr$]ick1 :o decl>$ t he consid]$ ! ,augu/ana to be ! confession ( ^? :o _h sign$ x1 & n ! private prop]ty ( ,melan*?on4 ,9 8 admonition to ,brueck ( ,may #e1 #aecg1 he says3 ,?us ,ma/] ,philip also is said to h arrogat$ to himself ! privilege ( *ang+ 9 "s po9ts ! ,confession ( ,y\r ,electoral ,grace & ! o!r pr9ces & e/ates1 made be=e ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y at ,augsburg1 to s(t5 x & to pr9t x else:]e a repr9t ( ! *ang$ ,lat9 octavo edition ( #aeca _h be5 publi%$ #aece at ,augsburg & ano!r at ,hag5au )\t ! previ\s k & approval ( ,y\r ,electoral ,grace & ( ! o!r e/ates :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( ,y\r ,electoral ,grace1 he %\ld ju/ly h refra9$ f1 s9ce ! ,confession belongs prim>ily to ,y\r ,electoral ,grace & ! o!r e/ates2 & f x ! alt]ations made ,y\r ,electoral ,grace & ! o!r relat$ e/ates might be *>g$ t !y are n c]ta9 ( _! doctr9e & are also un/able4 ,besides1 x is giv+ an (f5se to ! p4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #cfe47 ,lu!r1 too1 is said to h remon/rat$ ) ,melan*?on = hav+ alt]$ ! ,confession4 ,9 8 ,introduction to ! ,augsburg ,confession 7,ko5igsb]g1 #aegg7 ,wig& reports3 ,i he>d f ,mr4 ,george ,ror>ius t ,dr4 ,lu!r said to ,philip1 ',philip1 ,philip1 y are n do+ "r 9 *ang+ ,augu/anam ,confessionem s (t5 = x is n y\r1 b ! ,*ur*'s book4' ,yet x is improbable t ?is %\ld h occurr$ betwe5 #aecg & #aedb1 = 9 #aedj ! ,v>iata foll[$1 :i* 0 *ang$ /ill m 9 #aedb1 )\t ar\s+ any public prote/ :atev]4 ,aft] ,lu!r's dea?1 h[ev]1 :5 ,melan*?on's doctr9al deviations became app>5t1 & ! ,melan*?onians & ! loyal ,lu!rans became m & m oppos$ to "o ano!r1 ! ,v>iata 0 reject$ ) increas+ det]m9ation by ! latt] z ! p>ty-symbol ( ! ,philippi/s4 ,9 #aefj ,flacius ass]t$ at ,weim> t ! ,v>iata diff]$ ess5tially f ! ,augu/ana4 ,9 ! ,reuss-,s*o5burg ,confession ( #aefg ! ,v>iata 0 unqualifi$ly condemn$2 = "h we read3 ,we confess ! old1 true1 unalt]$ ,augsburg ,confession1 :i* lat] 0 *ang$1 mutilat$1 mis9t]pret$1 & falsifi$ 444 by ! ,adiaphori/s 9 _m places bo? z reg>ds ! words & ! sub/ance 7na* d5 ,wort5 und son/ 9 d5 ,ha5deln71 :i* ?us became a busk91 ,bunds*uh1 pant(fle1 & a ,poli% boot1 fitt+ bo? legs equally well suit+ ,lu!rans z well z ,re=m$ or a cloak & a *angel+ 7,we*selbalg71 by means ( :i* ,adiaphori/s1 ,sacram5t>ians1 ,ant9omians1 new tea*]s ( works1 & ! l hide1 adorn1 def5d1 & e/abli% _! errors & falsifications "u ! cov] & "n ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 pret5d+ to be likewise confessors ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 = ! sole purpose ( enjoy+ ) u "u its %ad[1 aga9/ ra9 & hail1 ! common peace ( ! ,empire1 & sell+1 fur!r+1 & spread+ _! errors "u ! semblance ( fri5ds s mu* ! m easily & safely4 7,kolde1 ,e9leitung1 #cj47 ,9 a s]mon deliv]$ at ,witt5b]g1 ,jacob ,&reae also oppos$ ! ,v>iata v zeal\sly4 ,?us ! conditions )\t z well z )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* 7 su* t a public decl>ation on ! "p ( ! g5u9e ,lu!rans z to _! attitude t[>d ! alt]ations ( ,melan*?on1 notably 9 ! ,v>iata ( #aedj1 became increas+ly imp]ative4 ,especially ! cont9u$ sl&]s1 intrigues1 & ?reats ( ! ,papi/s necessitat$ su* a decl>ation4 ,z e>ly z #aeee1 :5 ! ,peace ( ,augsburg 0 conclud$1 ! ,romani/s attempt$ to limit its provisions to ! adh]5ts ( ! ,augu/ana ( #aecj4 ,at ! religi\s colloquy ( ,worms1 9 #aeeg1 ! ,jesuit ,canisius1 di/+ui%+ betwe5 a pure & a falsifi$ ,augu/ana1 dem&$ t ! adh]5ts ( ! latt] be condemn$1 & exclud$ f ! discussions4 #cc4 ,alt]ations 9 ,editions ( #aeca1 #aecc1 #aedj4 ,z to ! alt]ations !mselves1 ! ,lat9 text ( ! editio pr9ceps ( ! ,augsburg ,confession ( #aeca receiv$ ! foll[+ additions3 sec4 #c 9 ,article #ac1 sec4 #h 9 ,article #ah1 & sec4 #bf 9 ,article #bf4 ,accord+ly1 ^! passages d n occur 9 ! ,g]man text ( ! ,book ( ,concord4 ,orig9ally sec4 #b 9 ! conclusion ( ,article #ba read3 ,tota diss5sio e/ de paucis quibusdam abusibus1 & sec4 #c 9 ,article #bd3 ,nam ad hoc praecipue opus e/ c]emoniis1 ut doceant imp]itos4 ,! additions made to ,articles #ac & #ah are also f\nd 9 ! ,g]man text ( ! editio pr9ceps4 7,c4 ,r4 #bf1 #bgi4 #efd47 ,9 ! ,approbation ( ! ,leipzig !ologians m5tion$ above we read3 ,! octavo edition ( ! ,augu/ana & ! ,apology pr9t$ #aeca by ,george ,rauh1 accord+ to ! unanim\s te/imony ( our !ologians1 _c be tol]at$1 ow+ to ! _m additions & o!r *anges orig9at+ f ,philip ,melan*?on4 ,= if "o comp>es ! #bj? ,article ( ! ,augsburg ,confession z well z ! la/ articles on ! ,abuses3 ',( ,mona/ic ,v[s' & ',( ,ecclesia/ical ,au?ority1' x w readily be se5 :at great additions 7lac9iae7 h be5 pat*$ onto ?is ,witt5b]g octavo edition ( #aeca4 ,! same ?+ has also be5 done ) ! ,apology1 especially 9 ! article ',( ,ju/ification & ,good ,works1' :]e (t5 entire successive pages may be f\nd :i* d n occur 9 ! g5u9e copies4 ,fur!rmore1 9 ! decl>ation reg>d+ ! article ',( ! ,"l's ,supp]1' :]e ,paul's words1 t ! bread is a communion ( ! body ( ,*ri/1 etc41 z well z ! te/imony ( ,!ophylact conc]n+ ! pres5ce ( ! body ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,supp] h be5 omitt$4 ,likewise 9 ! def5se ( ! articles ',( ,rep5tance1' ',( ,confession & ,satisfaction1' ',( ,human ,traditions1' ',( ! ,m>riage ( ,prie/s1' & ',( ,ecclesia/ical ,p[]1' :]e1 aga91 entire pages h be5 add$4 7,l4c4 #h1 #ac2 ,c4 ,r4 #bg1 #dcg47 ,9 ! ,g]man edition ( ! ,augsburg ,confession ( #aecc x 0 especially ,articles #d1 #e1 #f1 #ab1 #ac1 #ae1 & #bj t 7 remodel$4 ,^! alt]ations1 h[ev]1 involve no doctr9al *anges1 ) ! possible exception ( ,article #e1 :]e ! words :]e & :5 ,he w are expung$4 7,c4 ,r4 #bf1 #gbh47 ,z to ! ,v>iata ( #aedj1 h[ev]1 ! ext5t ( ! #ba doctr9al articles 0 "h almo/ d\bl$1 & q a numb] ( mat]ial alt]ations 7 made4 ,*ief among ! latt] are ! foll[+3 ,9 ,article #e ! words1 ubi et qu&o visum e/ ,deo1 are omitt$4 ,9 ! #aj? ,article ! rejection ( ! ,re=m$ doctr9e is delet$1 & ! foll[+ is sub/itut$ = ! article prop]3 ,de co5a ,dom9i doc5t1 quod cum pane et v9o v]e exhibeantur corpus et sanguis ,*ri/i vesc5tibus 9 ,co5a ,dom9i4 7,c4 ,r4 #bf1 #ceg47 ,! foll[+ s5t5ces h also giv5 (f5se3 ,et cum hoc modo consolamur nos promissione seu ,evangelio et erigimus nos fide1 c]to consequimur remissionem peccatorum1 et simul datur nobis ,spiritus ,sanctus4 ,cum ,evangelium audimus aut cogitamus aut sacram5ta tractamus et fide nos consolamur simul e/ efficax ,spiritus ,sanctus4 7#ced47 ,= ! words ( ! #ah? ,article3 s$ haec fit 9 cordibus1 cum p] ,v]bum ,spiritus ,sanctus concipitur1 ! ,v>iata sub/itutes3 ,et ,*ri/us dicit3 ,s9e me nihil pote/is fac]e4 ,efficitur autem spiritualis iu/itia 9 nobis1 cum audiuvamur a ,spiritu ,sancto4 ,porro ,spiritum ,sanctum concipimus1 cum ,v]bo ,dei ass5timur1 ut nos fide 9 t]roribus consolemur4 7#cfb47 ,t[>d ! end ( ! same article we read3 ,quamquam enim ext]na op]a aliquo modo pote/ effic]e humana natura p] sese1 444 v]um timorem1 v]am fiduciam1 pati5tiam1 ca/itatem non pote/ effic]e1 nisi ,spiritus ,sanctus gub]net et adiuvet corda no/ra4 7#cfc47 ,9 ! #ai? ,article ! phrase non adiuvante ,deo is eras$1 :i*1 by ! way1 indicates t ,melan*?on reg>d$ ^! words z equival5t to ^? ( ! ,g]man text3 s ,gott die ,h& abgetan1 = else he w\ld h weak5$ ! text aga9/ 8 own int]e/s4 7#cfc47 ,to ! #bj? ,article ,melan*?on add$ ! s5t5ce3 ,debet autem ad haec dona ,dei acc$]e ex]citatio no/ra1 quae et cons]vat ea et m]etur increm5tum1 iuxta illud3 ,hab5ti dabitur4 ,et ,augu/9us praecl>e dixit3 ,dilectio m]etur increm5tum dilectionis1 cum videlicet ex]cetur4 7#caa47 #cd4 ,alt]ations ,r5d] ,confession ,ambigu\s4 ,true 9 mak+ all ^! *anges1 ,melan*?on did n introduce any direct h]esy into ! ,v>iata4 ,he did1 h[ev]1 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 ir5ic & unioni/ic policy & dogmatic vacillations1 r5d] ambigu\s & weak5 ! cle> s5se ( ! ,augu/ana4 ,by 8 *anges he op5$ ! door & cle>$ ! way1 z x 71 = 8 deviations 9 ! direction ( ,syn]gism1 ,calv9ism 7,"l's ,supp]71 & ,romanism 7good works are necess>y to salvation74 ,nor 0 ,melan*?on a man :o did n "k :at he 0 do+ :5 he made alt]ations4 ,:5ev] he weak5$ & trimm$ ! doctr9es he _h once confess$1 :e!r 9 8 ,loci or 9 ! ,augu/ana1 he did s 9 ord] to satisfy def9ite int]e/s ( 8 own1 int]e/s self-evid5tly n subs]vi5t to1 b conflict+ )1 ! cle> expression & bold confession ( ! old ,lu!ran tru?4 ,kolde1 ref]r+ 9 p>ticul> to ! *anges made 9 ! #aj? ,article1 says3 ,x %\ld nev] h be5 d5i$ t ^! alt]ations involv$ real *anges4 ,! motives :i* actuat$ ,melan*?on _c be def9itely asc]ta9$1 nei!r f 8 own expressions nor f contempor>y rem>ks ( 8 circle ( acqua9tances ,z late z #aege ,selnecc] reports t ,philip ( ,hesse _h ask$ ,melan*?on to erase ! improbatio ( ! #aj? ,article1 because !n also ! ,swiss w\ld accept ! ,augu/ana z _! confession4 ,a comp>ison ) ! ,witt5b]g ,concord ( ,may1 #aecf 7cum pane et v9o v]e et sub/antialit] adesse--t ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ are really & sub/antially pres5t ) ! bread & w9e1 ,c4 ,r4 #c1 #ge7 ju/ifies ! assumption t by us+ ! =m3 cum pane et v9o v]e exhibeantur1 he endeavor$ to take into acc\nt ! exi/+ agreem5t ) ! ,s\? ,g]mans 7,ob]la5d]74 ,h[ev]1 :51 at ! same "t1 he omits ! words3 v]e et sub/antialit] adesse1 & ! improbatio1 x _c1 9 view ( 8 gradually *ang$ conception ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 be d\bt$ t he s\ght to leave op5 = himself & o!rs ! possibility ( associat+ also ) ! ,swiss4 7#be47 ,an adequate answ] to ! "q :at prompt$ ,melan*?on to make 8 alt]ations w embrace also ! foll[+ po9ts3 #a4 ,melan*?on's mania = *ang+ & remodel+ 9 g5]al4 #b4 ,8 desire1 especially aft] ! brea* betwe5 ! ,lu!rans & ! ,papi/s seem$ incurable1 to meet & satisfy ! criticism t ! ,augu/ana 0 too mild1 & to re5=ce ! ,lu!ran position ov] aga9/ ! ,papi/s4 #c4 ,melan*?on's doctr9al deviations1 especially 9 ,re=m$ & syn]gi/ic directions4 #ce4 ,v>iata ,dis[n$ by ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,x _c be d5i$ t dur+ ,lu!r's life & = q a "t aft] 8 dea? ! ,v>iata 0 us$ by ,lu!rans )\t any public opposition & recogniz$ z ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,m>t9 ,*emnitz1 9 8 ,iudicum de ,controv]siis quibusdam circa quosdam ,augu/anae ,confessionis ,articulos--,decision conc]n+ ,c]ta9 ,controv]sies ab\t ,"s ,articles ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 pr9t$ #aeig1 says t ! edition ( #aedj 0 employ$ at ! religi\s colloquies ) ! previ\s k & approval ( ,lu!r2 9 fact1 t x 0 drawn up especially = ! ,colloquy at ,hag5au1 :i* ! oppon5ts 7,co*laeus at ,worms1 ,pighius at ,reg5sburg7 _h tak5 amiss4 ,gravit] tul]ant1 says ,*emnitz1 multis articulis pl5iori decl>atione plusculum lucis accessisse1 unde videbant v]as s5t5tias magis illu/r>i et ,?aidis ,babyloniae turpitud9em manife/ius d5ud>e--,!y took x amiss t m light _h be5 %$ on _m articles by a full] explanation1 :5ce !y p]ceiv$ ! true /atem5ts to be m fully illu/rat$ & ! %ame ( ! ,babylonian ,?ais to be m fully disclos$4 7,muell]1 ,e9leitung1 #gb47 ,fur!rmore1 x is equally c]ta9 t on ! "p ( ! ,lu!ran pr9ces1 ! ,v>iata 0 employ$ )\t any s9i/] int5tions :atev]1 & )\t ! slighte/ ?\ght ( deviat+ ev5 9 ! lea/ f ! doctr9e ( ! orig9al ,augu/ana1 z has be5 falsely ass]t$ by ,heppe1 ,web]1 & o!rs4 ,:]ev] ! ,v>iata 0 adopt$ by ,lu!ran pr9ces & !ologians1 x 0 nev] = ! purpose ( weak5+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,augsburg ,confession 9 any po9t4 ,moreov]1 ! sole reason always 0 to acc5tuate & pres5t m cle>ly ! contra/ betwe5 !mselves & ! ,papi/s2 &1 g5]ally speak+1 ! ,v>iata did s]ve ?is purpose4 ,true1 ,melan*?on at ! same "t1 no d\bt plann$ to prep>e ! way = 8 doctr9al innovations2 b :]ev] su* 0 ! case he kept x /rictly to himself4 ,! complete guilelessness & good fai? 9 :i* ! ,lu!ran pr9ces & !ologians employ$ ! ,v>iata1 & p]mitt$ its use appe>s f ! ,preface to ! ,book ( ,concord4 ,= "h !y /ate3 ,!re=e we h decid$ 9 ?is writ+ to te/ify publicly1 & to in=m all1 t we wi%$ nei!r !n nor n[ 9 any way to def5d1 or excuse or to approve1 z agree+ ) ! ,gospel-doctr9e1 false & godless doctr9es & op9ions :i* may be conceal$ "u c]ta9 cov]+s ( words 9 ! ,v>iata4 ,we1 inde$1 nev] receiv$ ! latt] edition ( #aedj 9 a s5se diff]+ 9 any "p f ! =m] :i* 0 pres5t$ at ,augsburg4 ,nei!r d we judge t o!r useful writ+s ( ,dr4 ,philip ,melan*?on1 or ( ,br5z1 ,urban ,regius1 ,pom]anus1 etc41 %\ld be reject$ & condemn$1 z f> z 9 all ?+s1 !y agree ) ! norm :i* has be5 set =? 9 ! ,book ( ,concord4 7#ag47 ,accord+ly1 :5 ! ,v>iata 0 boldly exploit$ by ! ,romani/s to circulate all mann] ( sl&]s ab\t ! ,lu!rans2 :5 x also became increas+ly evid5t t ! ,re=m$ & ,crypto-,calv9i/s employ$ ! ,v>iata z a cov] = _! false doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp]2 :51 fur!rmore )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* ! suspicion gradually grew into conviction t ,melan*?on1 by 8 alt]ations _h inde$ int5d$ to foi/ doctr9al deviations ^u ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*2 & :51 f9ally1 a close scrut9y ( ! ,v>iata _h unmi/akably reveal$ ! fact t x actually did deviate f ! orig9al docum5t n only 9 ext5t1 b also ) reg>d to int5t1 n m]ely =mally1 b mat]ially z well1--all loyal ,lu!ran pr9ces & !ologians reg>d$ x z self-evid5t t !y unanim\sly & solemnly decl>e _! exclusive adh]5ce to ! ,augsburg ,confession z pres5t$ to ,emp]or ,*>les at ,augsburg1 & ab&on ! ,v>iata )\t delay4 ,at ,naumburg1 9 #aefa1 ! ,lu!ran pr9ces !re=e1 aft] "s vacillation1 decl>$ t !y w\ld adh]e to ! orig9al ,augsburg ,confession & its g5u9e ,*ri/ian decl>ation & norm1 ! ,smalcald ,articles4 ,fr$]ick ,,iii ( ! ,palat9ate alone )drew1 & be=e long jo9$ ! ,calv9i/s by introduc+ ! ,heidelb]g ,cate*ism1 ?us reveal+ ! spuri\sness ( 8 own ,lu!ranism4 ,x 0 due especially to ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s 9 ,electoral ,saxony & to ! ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,philippicum t ! ,v>iata reta9$ a tempor>y & local au?ority1 until x 0 f9ally & g5]ally dis[n$ by ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* & exclud$ f its symbols by ! adoption ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,= "h our ,*ur* pl$ges adh]5ce to ! ,fir/1 ,unalt]$ ,augsburg ,confession1 deliv]$ to ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v at ,augsburg 9 ! ye> #aecj1 9 ! great ,diet4 7#ggg1 #d2 #hdg1 #e2 #hea1 #e47 ,& 9 ! ,preface to ! ,book ( ,concord ! pr9ces & e/ates decl>e3 ,accord+ly1 9 ord] t no p]sons may p]mit !mselves to be di/urb$ by ! *>ges ( our adv]s>ies spun out ( _! own m9ds1 by :i* !y boa/ t n ev5 we are c]ta9 :i* is ! true & g5u9e ,augsburg ,confession1 b t bo? ^? :o are n[ among ! liv+ & po/]ity may be cle>ly & firmly taught & in=m$ :at t godly ,confession is :i* we & ! *ur*es & s*ools ( our realms at all times pr(ess$ & embrac$1 we emphatically te/ify t next to ! pure & immutable tru? ( ,god's ,^w we wi% to embrace ! fir/ ,augsburg ,confession alone :i* 0 pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v1 9 ! ye> #aecj1 at ! fam\s ,diet ( ,augsburg1 ?is alone 7we say71 & no o!r4 7#ae47 ,at ! same "t ! pr9ces fur!rmore prote/ t also ! adoption ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord did n make any *ange 9 ?is respect4 ,= doctr9ally ! ,=mula ( ,concord 0 n1 nor 0 x int5d$ to be1 a new or diff]5t confession1 i4e41 diff]5t f ! "o pres5t$ to ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4 7#bj47 ,v4 ,! ,pontifical ,confutation ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 #cf4 ,papal ,p>ty ,refus+ ,conciliation4 ,at ! ,diet ( ,augsburg1 conv5$ 9 ord] to re/ore ! di/urb$ religi\s peace1 ! ,lu!rans 7 ! fir/ to take a /ep t[>ds reconciliation by deliv]+ _! ,confession1 ,june #be1 #aecj4 ,9 accordance ) ! manife/o ( ,emp]or ,*>les1 !y n[ expect$ t ! papal p>ty w\ld also pres5t its view & op9ion1 9 ord] t ! discussions might !reupon proce$ 9 love & k9dness1 z ! ,emp]or put x4 ,9 ! ,preface to _! ,confession ! ,lu!rans decl>$3 ,9 ob$i5ce to ,y\r ,imp]ial ,maje/y's wi%es1 we (f]1 9 ?is matt] ( religion ! ,confession ( our prea*]s & ( ourselves1 %[+ :at mann] ( doctr9e f ! ,holy ,scriptures & ! pure ,^w ( ,god has be5 up to ?is "t set =? 9 our l&s1 duk$oms1 dom9ions & cities1 & taught 9 our *ur*es4 ,& if ! o!r ,electors1 ,pr9ces1 & ,e/ates ( ! ,empire w1 accord+ to ! said imp]ial proposition1 pres5t simil> writ+s1 to wit1 9 ,lat9 & ,g]man1 giv+ _! op9ions 9 ?is matt] ( religion1 we1 ) ! ,pr9ces & fri5ds a=esaid1 "h be=e ,y\r ,imp]ial ,maje/y1 our mo/ clem5t ,"l1 are prep>$ to conf] amicably conc]n+ all possible ways & means1 9 ord] t we may come toge!r1 z f> z ?is may be honorably done1 &1 ! matt] betwe5 u on bo? sides be+ peacefully discuss$ )\t (f5sive /rife1 ! diss5sion1 by ,god's help1 may be done away & br\ght back to "o true accordant religion2 = z we all are "u "o ,*ri/ & d battle "u ,him1 we ought to confess ! "o ,*ri/1 aft] ! t5or ( ,y\r ,imp]ial ,maje/y's edict1 & ev]y?+ ought to be conduct$ accord+ to ! tru? ( ,god2 & ?is is :at1 ) mo/ f]v5t pray]s1 we entreat ( ,god4 7#ci1 #h47 ,! ,lu!rans did n believe t ! manife/o ( ! ,emp]or c\ld be con/ru$ 9 any o!r way ?an t bo? p>ties w\ld be treat$ z equals at ! ,diet4 ,n m]ely z a matt] ( good policy1 b bona fide1 z hone/ ,g]mans & true ,*ri/ians1 !y clung t5aci\sly to ! words ( ! ,emp]or1 accord+ to :i* ! ,romani/s1 too1 7 to be reg>d$ z a p>ty summon$ = ! trial1 ! ,emp]or be+ ! judge4 ,! ,lu!rans simply refus$ to take ! ^w ( ! ,emp]or at any?+ less ?an p>1 or to d\bt 8 good w & ! s9c]ity ( 8 promise4 ,! fact t f ! v beg9n+ 8 actions 7 9 app>5t contrav5tion ( ! manife/o 0 attribut$ by ! ,lu!rans to ! s9i/] influ5ce ( su* bitt]1 bait+1 & unscrupul\s !ologians z ,eck1 ,co*laeus1 & ,fab]1 :o1 !y claim$1 endeavor$ to poison & incite ! guileless he>t ( ! ,emp]or4 ,?us ! ,lu!rans w\ld n & c\ld n believe t ,*>les _h deceiv$ !m1--a simple tru/1 :i*1 h[ev]1 /ubborn facts f9ally compell$ !m to ab&on4 ,! ,romani/s1 on ! o!r h&1 boa/+ be=e ! ,emp]or t !y _h rema9$ ) ! true ,*ri/ian fai?1 ! holy ,gospel1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ! bull ( ! ,pope1 & ! ,edict ( ,worms1 refus$ ) equal t5acity to be treat$ z a p>ty summon$ = trial4 ,june #be1 #aecj1 ,elector ,john wrote to ,lu!r3 ,?us we & ! o!r pr9ces & e/ates :o are relat$ to u 9 ?is matt] _h to cons5t to submit our op9ion & confession ( fai?4 ,our oppon5ts1 h[ev]1 z we are told1 decl9$ to pres5t !irs & decid$ to %[ to ! ,emp]or t !y adh]$ to ! ,edict ( ,worms & to ! fai? :i* _! fa!rs _h bequea!d to & be/[$ ^u !m1 & :i* !y int5d$ to adh]e to ev5 n[2 if1 h[ev] ! ,pope or1 9 8 place1 ! ,legate1 toge!r ) ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y1 w\ld po9t out1 & expect !m to adopt1 a diff]5t & new fai?1 !y w\ld humbly he> ! ,emp]or's op9ion4 7,lu!r1 ,/4 ,l4 #af1 #geh47 ,?us presuppos+ :at !y 7 summon$ to prove at ,augsburg1 namely1 t ! doctr9e ( ! ,pope 0 id5tical ) ! old ,*ri/ian fai?1 ! ,romani/s decl>$ a pres5tation ( _! views unnecess>y4 ,! ,lu!rans1 !y ma9ta9$1 7 convict$ apo/ates & rebels aga9/ ,pope & ,*ur*1 aga9/ ,emp]or & realm2 s5t5ce 0 n fir/ to be pron\nc$ ^u !m1 b _h be5 pron\nc$ long ago1 ! ,diet's duty m]ely be+ to confirm & execute x2 h5ce1 !re 0 no?+ else to be done by ! ,emp]or ?an to att5d to 8 (fice z w>d5 & protector ( ! ,*ur*1 &1 toge!r ) ! pr9ces & e/ates1 to proce$ aga9/ ! h]etics ) dra/ic measures4 ,also 9 ! lat] discussions1 conduct$ ) a view ( effect+ a reconciliation1 ! ,romani/s refus$ to rel9qui% ?is position4 ,f beg9n+ to end !y act$ z ! accus]s1 judges1 & h5*m5 ( ! ,lu!rans4 ,nor 0 any?+ else to be expect$1 s9ce1 unlike ! ,lu!rans1 !y consid]$ n ,god's ,^w1 b ! ,pope ! supreme arbit] 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,?us f ! v outset1 ! gulf betwe5 ! two p>ties 0 su* t x c\ld n be bridg$4 ,common gr\nd 0 lack+4 ,on ! "o side consci5ce1 b\nd by ! ,^w ( ,god6 ,on ! o!r1 bl9d subjection to human1 papal au?ority6 ,also ,romani/s realiz$ t ?is fundam5tal & irreconcilable diff]5ce 0 b\nd to r5d] futile all discussions4 ,x 0 n m]ely 8 own disgu/ :i* ! papal hi/orian express$ :5 he conclud$ 8 report on ! prolong$ discussions at ,augsburg3 ,?us ! "t 0 wa/$ ) va9 discussions4 7,plitt1 ,apologie1 #dc47 #cg4 ,fur!r ,success ,n ,hop$ = by ,lu!r4 ,lu!r reg>d$ ! public read+ ( ! ,confession z an unp>allel$ triumph ( 8 cause4 ,fur!r results1 su* z a union ) ! ,romani/s1 he did n expect4 ,on ,july #i1 #aecj1 he wrote to ,jonas3 ,quid sp]em de ,caes>e1 quantumvis optimo1 s$ obsesso8 ,:at c ,i hope ( ! ,emp]or1 ev5 ! be/1 :5 he is obsess$ by ! papal !ologians8 ,! mo/ ,lu!r hop$ = 0 mutual political tol]ation4 ,9 ! lett] quot$ he cont9ues3 ,b !y ! ,papi/s mu/ expect a sad1 & we a happy issue4 ,n inde$1 t !re ev] w be unity ( doctr9e2 = :o c hope t ,belial w be unit$ ) ,*ri/8 ,except+ t p]haps m>riage ( prie/s & ! two k9ds ( ! ,sacram5t be p]mitt$ 7"h too h[ev]1 ?is adv]b 'p]haps' is requir$1 & p]haps too mu* 'p]haps'74 ,b ?is ,i wi% & e>ne/ly hope =1 t1 ! diff]5ce 9 doctr9e be+ set aside1 a political union may be made4 ,if by ! bless+ ( ,*ri/ ?is takes place1 en\gh & m ?an en\gh has be5 done & accompli%$ at ?is ,diet4 444 ,n[1 if we obta9 also ! ?ird ?+1 t we adj\rn ) worldly peace secur$1 !n we %all h cle>ly defeat$ ,satan 9 ?is ye>4 7,end]s1 #h1 #ie2 ,/4 ,l4 #af #ibg4 #afff47 ,july #ba1 #aecj1 ,lu!r wrote 9 a simil> ve9 to ,jonas3 ,! fact t ^! frogs ! papal !ologians :o wrote ! ,confutation ) _! croak+s coaxitatibus pasqu9ades aga9/ ,lu!r1 in/ead ( answ]s to ! ,augu/ana h free access to ! ,emp]or *agr9s me v mu* 9 ?is great "w 9 ! mo/ important matt]s4 444 ,b ?is happ5s to prove t ,i am a true prophet2 = ,i h always said t we "w & hope 9 va9 = a union 9 doctr9e2 x w\ld be en\gh if we c\ld obta9 worldly peace4 7#af1 #ibg4 #bcbd47 ,augu/ #be1 :5 ! prolong$ discussions ( reconciliation 7 ne>+ _! end1 he wrote to ,melan*?on3 ,9 sum1 x does n please me at all t unity ( doctr9e is to be discuss$1 s9ce ?is is utt]ly impossible1 unless ! ,pope w\ld aboli% 8 entire pop]y4 ,x w\ld h suffic$ if we _h pres5t$ to !m ! reasons = our fai? & desir$ peace4 ,b h[ c we hope t we %all w9 !m ov] to accept ! tru?8 ,we h come to he> :e!r !y approve our doctr9e or n1 p]mitt+ !m to rema9 :at !y are1 only inquir+ :e!r !y ackn[l$ge our doctr9e to be correct or condemn x4 ,if !y condemn x1 :at does x avail to discuss ! "q ( unity any long] ) av[$ enemies8 ,if !y ackn[l$ge x to be "r1 :at necessity is !re ( reta9+ ! old abuses8 7#af1 #adjd47 ,?\gh will+ to yield to ! ,ca?olic p>ty 9 all o!r matt]s1 ,lu!r refus$ to compromise ! div9e tru? 9 any po9t or 9 any way4 ,= ?is reason he also insi/$ t ! ,emp]or %\ld n be recogniz$ z judge & arbit] )\t qualification1 b only ) ! proviso t 8 decision w\ld n conflict ) ! cle> ,^w ( ,god4 ,accord+ to ,lu!r1 ev]ybody1 ,pope & ,emp]or includ$1 mu/ submit to ! au?ority ( ! ,scriptures4 ,9 a lett] ( ,july #i1 #aecj he wrote to ! ,elector3 ,9 ! fir/ place2 ,%\ld ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y desire t ! ,imp]ial ,maje/y be p]mitt$ to decide ^! matt]s1 s9ce x 0 n ,8 ,maje/y's purpose to ent] into l5g?y discussions1 ,i ?9k ,y\r ,electoral ,grace might answ] t ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y's manife/o promises t he w\ld graci\sly li/5 to ^! matt]s4 ,if su* 0 n int5d$1 ! manife/o w\ld h be5 ne$less1 = ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y might h r5d]$ 8 decision j z well 9 ,spa9 )\t summon+ ,y\r ,electoral ,grace to ,augsburg at su* great labor & exp5se4 444 ,9 ! second place3 ,%\ld ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y insi/ t ! ,imp]ial ,maje/y be p]mitt$ to decide ^! matt]s ,y\r ,electoral ,grace may *e]fully answ] ,yes1 ! ,imp]ial ,maje/y %all decide ^! matt]s1 & ,y\r ,electoral ,grace w\ld accept & suff] ev]y?+1 provid$ only t ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y make no decision aga9/ ! cle> ,scriptures1 or ,god's ,^w4 ,= ,y\r ,electoral ,grace _c put ! ,emp]or above ,god1 nor accept 8 v]dict 9 opposition to ,god's ,^w4 7#af1 #hae47 #ch4 ,papal ,peace ,s\ght by ,emp]or4 ,by _! ob/9ate refusal to reg>d !mselves z a p>ty summon$1 ! ,romani/s f ! outset1 made x impossible = ! ,emp]or to ma9ta9 ! role ( an imp>tial judge1 :i*1 probably1 he _h nev] really int5d$ to be4 ,at any rate1 ?\gh e>ne/ly desir\s ( religi\s peace1 8 actions ?r\gh\t ! ,diet d n reveal a s+le s]i\s ef=t at r$eem+ 8 promise & putt+ 8 beautiful words into practise4 ,be+ b\nd to ! ,pope & ! papal p>ty bo? religi\sly & politically1 ,*>les did n require ( ! ,romani/s a fulfilm5t ( ! obligations impos$ ^u !m by 8 manife/o4 ,all ! concessions 7 to be made by ! ,lu!rans4 ,revoca6--t 0 ! fir/ & only ^w :i* ,rome _h hi!rto spok5 to ,lu!r4 ,revoke & submit y\rselves6--t1 9 ! la/ analysis1 0 also ! dem& ( ! ,emp]or at ,augsburg ) respect to ! ,lu!ran pr9ces1 bo? :5 he spoke 9 tones fri5dly & g5tle & :5 he utt]$ sev]e & ?reat5+ words4 ,*>les1 x is true1 desir$ peace1 b a ,roman peace1 a peace effect$ by univ]sal bl9d submission to ! ,pope2 n a peace by mutual und]/&+ & concessions2 lea/ ( all a peace by political religi\s tol]ance1 su* z ,lu!r desir$1 & :i* 9 our days is g5]ally reg>d$ z ! out/&+ feature ( mod]n civilization1 notably ( ,am]icanism4 ,to =ce ! ,lu!rans into submission & ob$i5ce to ! ,pope1 t 0 ! real object ( ! ,emp]or4 ,& ! political situation dem&$ t ?is be accompli%$ by peaceable & g5tle means--if possible4 ,self-evid5tly1 9 8 endeavors to e/abli% a ,papal ,peace1 ! ,emp]or1 :o 0 haunt$ & torm5t$ by ! fe> t all ef=ts might prove futile1 0 zeal\sly second$1 enc\rag$1 & prodd$ on by ! papal !ologians4 ,to br+ ab\t a religi\s peace1 su* z ! ,emp]or contemplat$1 ?is1 !y flatt]$ ,*>les1 w\ld be an ev]-memorable a*ievem5t1 truly wor?y ( ! ,emp]or3 = ! eyes ( all ,*ri/5dom 7 ^u him1 & he _h /ak$ 8 honor ^u ! success ( ?is glori\s und]tak+4 ,june #c ! ,fa!r ,confessor ( ! ,emp]or1 ,g>sia1 !n at ,rome1 wrote to ,*>les3 ,at pres5t !re is no?+ s important 9 ?is life z t ,y\r ,maje/y em]ge victori\s 9 ! ,g]man affair4 ,9 ,italy y w be acc\nt$ ! be/ pr9ce on e>? if ,god %\ld v\*safe ?is grace unto u t ! h]esies :i* h aris5 9 t nation be cur$ by y\r h&4 7,plitt1 #d47 ,june #f ,g>sia wrote3 ,graci\s ,"l6 ,aft] ! lett]s f ! legate ,campegius1 conc]n+ ! return ( ,*ri/ian ,,ii to ! ,roman ,*ur*1 ! disagreem5t betwe5 ,philip ( ,hesse & ! ,elector1 etc4 _h be5 read at to-day's ,consi/orial ,meet+1 almo/ all ! c>d9als said t ,y\r ,maje/y 0 ! angel s5t f heav5 to re/ore ,*ri/5dom4 ,god kn[s h[ mu* ,i rejoic$1 & al?\gh ! sun burn$ fi]cely :5 ,i return$ to my home1 h[ pati5tly ,i bore x6 ,i 0 n s5sitive to x f %e] joy at he>+ su* sweet words ab\t my ma/] f ^? :o a ye> ago _h malign$ him4 ,my *ief com=t1 h[ev]1 0 to behold t !y 7 "r2 = x seems z if ,god 7 p]=m+ miracles by ,y\r ,maje/y1 & to judge by ! beg9n+ y h made 9 cur+ ?is ailm5t1 x is evid5t t we may expect ! issue to prove f> m favorable ?an our s9s m]it4 7,,ii4 #fg47 #ci4 ,compulsion ,advocat$ by ,!ologians4 ,all ,romani/s1 ! ,emp]or includ$1 7 ( ! op9ion t ! ,prote/ants mu/ be br\ght back to ! papal fold4 ,b !y diff]$ some:at z to ! means ( accompli%+ ?is purpose4 ,"s dem&$ t =ce be resort$ to =?)1 :ile o!rs c\nsel$ t l5i5cy be tri$ fir/4 ,campegius advis$ k9dness at ! beg9n+1 & great] sev]ity only 9 deal+ ) c]ta9 individuals1 b t %>p] measures &1 f9ally1 =ce ( arms ought to foll[4 ,at ,rome =ce 0 view$ z ! true rhub>b = heal+ ! brea*1 especially among ! common p4 ,july #ah ,g>sia wrote to ! ,emp]or3 ,if y are det]m9$ to br+ ,g]many back to ! fold1 ,i "k ( no o!r or bett] means ?an by pres5ts & flatt]y to p]suade ^? :o are mo/ em95t 9 sci5ce or 9 ! empire to return to our fai?4 ,once t is done1 y mu/1 9 deal+ ) ! rema9+ common p1 fir/ ( all publi% y\r imp]ial edicts & ,*ri/ian admonitions4 ,if !y w n obey ^!1 !n ! true rhub>b to cure !m is =ce4 ,?is alone cur$ ,spa9's rebellion aga9/ its k+4 ,& =ce is :at w also cure ,g]many's unfai?fulness to ,god1 unless1 inde$1 div9e grace %\ld n att5d ,y\r ,maje/y 9 ! usual measure4 ,god w\ld le>n 9 ?is matt] :e!r y are a fai?ful son ( ,81 & %\ld ,he s f9d1 !n ,i promise y t among all creatures y w f9d no p[] suffici5tly /rong to resi/ y4 ,all w b s]ve ! purpose ( enabl+ y to obta9 ! cr[n ( ?is _w4 7#db47 ,among ! op5 advocates ( =ce 7 ,co*laeus1 ,eck1 ,fab]1 & ! !ologians & monks :o flock$ to ,augsburg 9 l>ge numb]s ab\t ! "t ! ,augsburg ,confession 0 read4 ,!y all consid]$ x _! prime duty to r\se ! passions ( ! ,emp]or1 z well z ( ! ,ca?olic pr9ces & e/ates1 & to incite !m aga9/ ! ,lu!rans4 ,_! enmity 0 prim>ily direct$ aga9/ ! ,augu/ana1 ^: objective & mod]ate tone _h ga9$ _m fri5ds ev5 among ! ,ca?olics1 & :i* _h indirectly br&$ ,eck & 8 compe]s z detractors & calumniators4 ,= _h n ,duke ,william ( ,bav>ia1 aft] ! read+ ( ! ,confession1 rebuk$ ,eck1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,elector ( ,saxony1 = hav+ misrepres5t$ ! ,lu!ran doctr9e to him8 ,! mod]ation ( ! ,augu/ana1 said ^! ,romani/s1 0 no?+ b ! cunn+ ( s]p5ts1 deception & misrepres5tation1 especially on ! "p ( ! wily ,melan*?on1 = ! true ,lu!r 0 portray$ 9 ! #djd !ses ( ,eck4 ,co*laeus wrote t ! ,lu!rans 7 slyly hid+ _! ungodly doctr9es 9 ord] to deceive ! ,emp]or3 a/ute occult>i 9 illorum ,confessione prava eorum dogmata1 de quibus ibi tac5do dissimulabant1 ut 9 hypocrisi loqu5tes ,maie/ati ,tuae aliisque pr9cipibus impon]5t4 7,laemm]1 ,vortrid5t9is*e ,!ologie1 #ci47 ,?us ! malice & fanaticism ( ! papal !ologians & ! monks rose 9 proportion z fri5dl9ess 0 %[n ! ,lu!rans by ,ca?olic pr9ces & ! ,emp]or4 ,!y fe>$ t e approa* t[>d ! ,lu!rans w\ld jeop>dize ! pax ,pontificia4 ,! fanaticism ( ! papal !ologians is frequ5tly ref]r$ to by ! ,lu!rans4 ,june #bf ,melan*?on wrote to ,lu!r3 ,sophi/s & monks are daily /ream+ into ! city1 9 ord] to inflame ! hatr$ ( ! ,emp]or aga9/ u4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #ada47 ,june #bg3 ,our ,confession 0 pres5t$ la/ ,saturday4 ,! oppon5ts are n[ delib]at+ ^u h[ to answ]2 !y flock toge!r1 take great pa9s1 & incite ! pr9ces1 :o already h be5 suffici5tly ar\s$4 ,eck vehem5tly dem&s ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,ma9z t ! matt] be n debat$1 s9ce x has already be5 condemn$4 7#add47 ,june #bi ,jonas wrote to ,lu!r3 ,fab] is goad$ on by furies & ,eck is n a :it m s5sible4 ,bo? insi/ 9 e mann] imag9able t ! affair ought to be manag$ by =ce & mu/ n be he>d4 7#aed47 ,melan*?on1 ,july #h3 ,by *ance ,eck & ,co*laeus came to ! legate ,campegius1 ) :om ,melan*?on 0 delib]at+4 ,i he>d !m say1 di/9ctly en\gh1 ,i believe1 t ! oppon5ts are m]ely delib]at+ ^u h[ to suppress u by =ce4 7#age47 ,july #ae3 ,repeat$ly h ,i be5 ) c]ta9 enemies :o belong to t h]d ( ,eck4 ,words fail me to describe ! bitt]1 ,ph>isaical hatr$ ,i notic$ !re4 ,!y d no?+1 !y plan no?+ else ?an h[ !y may incite ! pr9ces aga9/ u1 & supply ! ,emp]or ) impi\s weapons4 7#aig47 ,! implacable !ologians also succe$$ 9 fanaticiz+ "s ( ! pr9ces & bi%ops1 :o gradually became m & m oppos$ to any k9d ( settlem5t by mutual und]/&+4 7#age47 ,! *ief expon5t ( =ce 0 ,co*laeus4 ,9 8 ,expo/ulatio1 :i* appe>$ at ,augsburg 9 ,may1 #aecj1 he argu$ t n only accord+ to papal1 b accord+ to imp]ial law z well1 :i* ! ,evangelicals also ackn[l$g$1 & accord+ to ! ,scriptures1 h]etics might1 aye1 mu/ be puni%$ ) dea?4 ,! treatise concludes z foll[s3 ,?us x is e/abli%$ t obdurate h]etics may be execut$ by e =m ( law4 ,we1 h[ev]1 mu* pref] to h !m return to ! ,*ur*1 be conv]t$1 heal$ & live1 & we besee* !m to d s4 ,con/at igitur1 ha]eticos p]t9aces omni iure int]imi posse4 ,nos tam5 longe magis optamus et precamur1 ut r$euntes ad ecclesiam conv]tantur1 san5tur et vivant4 7,plitt1 #a1 #e47 ,naturally ,eck1 too1 0 prom95t among ^? :o c\nsel$ ! employm5t ( compulsory measures2 inde$1 he c\ld n await ! h\r :5 ! ord] w\ld be giv5 to proce$ aga9/ ! h]etics ) fire & sword4 ,he lam5t$1 9 bitt] t]ms1 ! fact t ! ,emp]or _h n made use ( /]n measures z soon z he arriv$ 9 ,g]many4 ,= n[1 said he1 procra/9ation & ! conciliatory demeanor ( ! ,evangelicals1 especially ( ,melan*?on & ,brueck1 _h made x impossible to r\se ! ,emp]or to su* a degree z ! exig5cy ( ! case dem&$4 7,plitt1 #fc47 ,lu!r wrote3 ,= t %ameless gab & blood?ir/y sophi/1 ,doctor ,eck1 "o ( _! *ief advis]s1 publicly decl>$ 9 ! pres5ce ( our p t if ! ,emp]or _h foll[$ ! resolution made at ,bononia1 &1 imm$iately on ent]+ ,g]many1 _h c\rage\sly attack$ ! ,lu!rans ) ! sword1 & behead$ "o aft] ano!r1 ! matt] w\ld h be5 easily settl$4 ,b all ?is 0 prev5t$ :5 he p]mitt$ ! ,elector ( ,saxony to speak & be he>d ?r\gh 8 *ancellor4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #afcf47 #dj4 ,emp]or ,employs ,mildness4 ,:ile a numb] ( ! ,ca?olic e/ates1 incit$ by ! !ologians1 7 also 9 favor ( imm$iately resort+ to brutal =ce1 ! ,emp]or1 = political reasons1 consid]$ x m advisable to employ k9dness4 ,laud+ ! extreme affability & l5i5cy ( ,*>les1 ,melan*?on wrote to ,lu!r1 ,janu>y #be3 ,! ,emp]or greets our ,pr9ce v k9dly2 & ,i w\ld t our p1 9 turn1 7 m complaisant t[>ds him4 ,i w\ld ask y to admoni% our ,junior ,pr9ce by lett] 9 ?is matt]4 ,! ,emp]or's c\rt has no "o mild] ?an himself4 ,all o!rs h>bor a mo/ cruel hatr$ aga9/ u4 ,caes> satis b5igne salutat no/rum pr9cipem2 ac velim vicissim no/ros erga ipsum (ficiosiores esse4 ,ea de re ut9am iuniorem pr9cipem no/rum litt]is admonu]is4 ,nihil ipso ,caes>e mitius habet ipsius aula4 ,reliquii omnes crudelissime nos od]unt4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #abe47 ,! read+ ( ! ,augu/ana /r5g!n$ ?is fri5dly attitude ( ,*>les4 ,bo? its cont5t & its conciliatory tone1 :i* 0 n at all 9 h>mony ) ! picture ( ! ,lu!rans z sket*$ by ,eck1 caus$ him to be m k9dly dispos$ t[>d ,prote/antism1 & n\ri%$ 8 hope t religi\s peace might be atta9$ by peaceable means4 ,o!r ,ca?olic dignit>ies & pr9ces _h be5 impress$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,july #f ,lu!r wrote to ,hausmann3 ,_m bi%ops are incl9$ to peace & despise ! sophi/s1 ,eck & ,fab]4 ,"o bi%op ,/adion ( ,augsburg is said to h decl>$ 9 a private conv]sation1 ',?is ! ,confession ( ! ,lu!rans is ! pure tru?1 we _c d5y x1' ,! ,bi%op ( ,ma9z is be+ prais$ v mu* = 8 endeavors 9 ! int]e/ ( peace4 ,likewise ,duke ,h5ry ( ,brunswick :o ext5d$ a fri5dly invitation to ,philip to d9e ) him1 & admitt$ t he 0 n able to disprove ! articles treat+ ( bo? k9ds1 ! m>riage ( prie/s1 & ! di/9ction ( meats4 ,our m5 boa/ t1 ( ! entire ,diet1 no "o is mild] ?an ! ,emp]or himself4 ,su* is ! beg9n+4 ,! ,emp]or treats our ,elector n only graci\sly1 b mo/ respectfully4 ,s ,philip writes4 ,x is rem>kable h[ all are agl[ ) love & good w t[>d ! ,emp]or4 ,x may happ51 if ,god s wills1 t1 z ! fir/ ,emp]or ,*>les at ,worms 0 v ho/ile1 s ?is la/ ,emp]or ,*>les at ,augsburg w be v fri5dly4 ,only let u pray2 = ! p[] ( pray] is cle>ly p]ceiv$4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #hhb47 ,! ,emp]or's optimism 01 no d\bt1 due to ! fact t1 unlike 8 !ologians1 he did n p]ceive & realize ! impassable gulf fix$ betwe5 ,lu!ranism & ! ,papacy1 z appe>$ also f ! ,augu/ana1 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 ! ,emp]or mi/ook mod]ation ( tone = surr5d] ( sub/ance4 #da4 ,augu/ana ,submitt$ to ,ca?olic ,p>ty4 ,full ( hope ! ,emp]or1 on ,june #bf1 imm$iately aft] its public pres5tation1 submitt$ ! ,lu!ran ,confession to ! ,ca?olic e/ates = delib]ation4 ,^!1 too1 ?\gh n 9 ! lea/ incl9$ to ab&on _! arrogant attitude1 seem to h giv5 !mselves ov] to ! delusion t ! ,lu!rans c\ld n[ be br\ght to rec$e f _! position4 ,accord+ly1 _! answ] 7,responsum7 ( ,june #bg1 c\*$ 9 conciliatory language1 recomm5d$ z ! humble op9ion ( ! electors & e/ates t ! ,imp]ial ,roman ,maje/y w\ld submit ?is great & important matt] to a numb] ( highly le>n$1 s5sible1 hone/1 conciliat+1 & n spiteful p]sons1 to delib]ate on1 & to consid]1 ! writ+ ! ,augu/ana1 z f> z necess>y1 enum]at+1 on ! "o h&1 :atsoev] !re9 0 f\nd to be 9 con=mity & h>mony ) ! ,gospel1 ,god's ,^w1 & ! holy ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 refut+ ) ! true f\ndation ( ! ,gospel & ! ,holy ,scripture & its doctr9e1 & br++ into true ,*ri/ian und]/&+1 su* matt]s z 7 f\nd to be aga9/1 & out ( h>mony )1 ! ,gospel1 ! ,^w ( ,god1 & ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 7,laemm]1 #cb47 ,!y recomm5d$1 h[ev]1 t 9 ?is entire matt] ,campegius be consult$1 & = t purpose be furni%$ ) a copy ( ! ,lu!ran ,confession4 ,! ,romani/s fur!rmore resolv$ t ! ,lu!rans be ask$ :e!r !y _h any additional po9ts to pres5t1 &1 if s1 to d ?is imm$iately4 ,! ,lu!rans1 consid]+ ?is a sn>e1 decl>$1 on ,july #aj1 t 9 _! ,confession !y _h made x a special po9t to pres5t ! *ief articles :i* x is necess>y to believe 9 ord] to be sav$1 b _h n enum]at$ all abuses1 desir+ to emphasize su* only z burd5$ ! consci5ces1 le/ ! p>am\nt que/ions be obscur$2 t !y w\ld let ?is all t 0 enum]at$ 9 _! ,confession suffice1 & h includ$ o!r po9ts ( doctr9e & abuses :i* 7 n m5tion$1 t !y w\ld n fail to give an answ] f ! ,^w ( ,god 9 case _! oppon5ts %\ld attack ! ,confession or pres5t any?+ new4 7,fo]/emann1 #b1 #af4 ,c4 ,r4 #b1 #aha47 ,no d\bt1 ! ,papi/s felt t ! ,lu!rans really %\ld h te/ifi$ directly also aga9/ ! ,papacy1 etc4 ,?is1 too1 0 ! int]pretation :i* ,lu!r put on ! inquiry ( ! ,romani/s4 ,july #ba1 #aecj1 he wrote to ,jonas3 ,b n[ ,i see :at ! que/ions aim$ at :e!r y _h o!r articles to pres5t4 ,= ,satan /ill lives & has notic$ v well t y\r ,apology ,augu/ana /eps s(tly & has pass$ by ! articles conc]n+ purgatory1 ! adoration ( ! sa9ts1 & especially ,anti*ri/1 ! ,pope4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #bcbc1 ,end]s1 #h1 #acc47 ,july #e ! ,emp]or accept$ ! op9ion ( ! e/ates & appo9t$ ! confutators4 ,at ! same "t he decl>$ ) ref]5ce to ! ,lu!rans t he 0 ! judge ( ! cont5t ( _! writ+ 7,augu/ana72 t1 9 case !y %\ld n be satisfi$ ) 8 v]dict1 ! f9al decision mu/ rema9 ) ! ,c\ncil1 b t mean:ile ! ,edict ( ,worms w\ld be en=c$ ev]y:]e4 7,laemm]1 #cd2 ,c4 ,r4 #b1 #age47 ,?us ! ,emp]or1 9 unmi/akable t]ms1 indicat$ t ! ,roman ,confutation w\ld br+ 8 own f9al v]dict1 :i* no fur!r discussions c\ld modify1 & t he w\ld compel ! ,lu!rans by =ce to obs]ve ! ,edict ( ,worms if !y refus$ to submit will+ly4 ,! ,ca?olic e/ates endors$ ! ,emp]or's decl>ation1 b add$ ! petition t1 aft] ! ,confutation _h be5 read1 ! ,lu!rans be ask$ 9 all k9dness to return & t1 9 case ?is rema9$ fruitless1 an attempt be made to br+ ab\t an agreem5t to be rea*$ by a committee appo9t$ by bo? p>ties4 ,evid5tly1 ! e/ates z well z ! ,emp]or expect$ ! ,lu!rans to yield & surr5d]4 ,/ill1 = ! pres5t1 !y 7 will+ & pref]r$ to atta9 ?is end by mild & g5tle means4 #db4 ,rabid ,!ologians ,appo9t$ z ,confutators4 ,campegius1 to :om ! entire matt] 0 entru/$1 manipulat$ ?+s 9 su* a mann] t ! result 0 ! v opposite ( :at ! ,emp]or & e/ates _h resolv$ ^u4 ,to be sure he made x appe> z ?\gh he 7 entirely neutral leav+ ev]y?+ to ! discretion ( ! ,g]man pr9ces4 ,he knew also h[ to hide 8 real s5tim5ts f ! ,lu!rans4 ,jonas1 = example reports t 9 8 address ( ,june #bd ,campegius _h said no?+ h>% or hateful 7nihil ac]be1 nihil odiose7 aga9/ ! ,lu!rans4 ,spalat9 reports3 ,"s "o bes\ght ! ,legate & ,c>d9al ,campegius to assi/ 9 obta9+ peace = ! cause ( ! ,gospel4 ,to ?is he respond$3 ,s9ce ! papal p[] 0 suspici\s to u ! matt] re/$ ) ! ,emp]or & ! ,g]man pr9ces4 ,:atev] !y did w\ld /&4 7,koelln]1 ,symbolik1 #djc47 ,?us ,campegius creat$ ! impression ( absolute neutrality :ile 9 reality he 0 at ! same "t busy ) secret intrigues aga9/ ! ,lu!rans4 ,among ! ,confutators 7,brueck m5tions #ai1 ,spalat9 #bj1 o!rs #bb1 /ill o!rs #bd71 select$ by ,campegius & appo9t$ by ! ,emp]or1 7 su* rabid abusive & invet]ate enemies ( ,lu!r z ,eck1 ,fab]1 ,co*laeus1 ,wimp9a1 ,colli 7au?or ( a sl&]\s tract aga9/ ,lu!r's m>riage71 ,diet5b]g] etc4 ,! fir/ ?ree are repeat$ly designat$ z ! true au?ors ( ! ,confutation4 ,9 8 ,replica ad ,buc]um1 ,eck boa/s3 ,( all ! !ologians at ,augsburg ,i 0 *os5 unanim\sly to prep>e ! answ] to ! ,saxon ,confession1 & ,i obey$4 ,augu/ae ab omnibus !ologis fui delectus unanimit]1 qui responsum p>>em contra confessionem ,saxonicam1 et p>ui4 7,koelln]1 #djg47 ,july #aj ,br5z wrote to ,myconius3 ,_! lead] 7antesignanus7 is t good man ,eck4 ,! re/ are #bc 9 numb]4 ,"o might call !m an ,iliad ,hom]'s ,iliad consi/s ( #bd books ( sophi/s4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #ahj47 ,melan*?on1 too1 repeat$ly designates ,eck & ,fab] z ! au?ors ( ! ,confutation4 ,july #ad he wrote to ,lu!r3 ,) 8 leg]dema9 7commanipulatione7 ,eck pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or ! ,confutation ( our ,confession4 7#aic47 ,augu/ #f3 ,?is ,confutation is ! mo/ nons5sical ( all ! nons5sical books ( ,fab]4 7#bec47 ,augu/ #h1 to ,myconius3 ,eck & ,fab] h work$ = six entire weeks 9 produc+ ! ,confutation ( our ,confession4 7#bfj47 ,h5ce also su* allusions 9 ,melan*?on's lett]s z confutatio ,fabrilis1 ,fabrilit] scripta1 & 9 ! ,apology3 ,nullus ,fab] ,fabrilius cogit>e quidquam posset1 quam hae ineptiae excogitatae sunt ad elud5dum ius naturae4 7#cff1 #aj47 ,brueck 0 "r :5 he said t "s ( ! ,confutators 7 purely p>tial1 & altoge!r suspici\s *>act]s4 7,koelln]1 #daa47 #dc4 ,confutation ,prep>$4 ,! resolution :i* ! ,ca?olic e/ates pass$ ,june #bg 0 to ! effect t ! imp]ial answ] to ! ,lu!ran ,confession be made by sob] & n spiteful m5 ( le>n+4 ,! ,emp]or's ,prolog to ! ,confutation1 accord+ly1 designat$ ! confutators z c]ta9 le>n$1 valiant1 s5sible1 sob]1 & honorable m5 ( _m nations4 7,c4 ,r4 #bg1 #ahi47 ,at ! same "t !y 7 told to c\* _! answ] 9 w9n+1 conv9c+1 mod]ate1 & e>ne/ t]ms4 ,! imp]ial in/ruction read3 ,to ?is end x is inde$ good & ne$ful t said docum5t ! ,augu/ana be c>efully consid]$ & dilig5tly /udi$ by le>n$1 wise1 & sob] p]sons1 9 ord] t !y ! ,lu!rans be %[n 9 all k9dness 7dur* gute ,wege7 :]e !y err1 & be admoni%$ to return to ! good way1 likewise1 to grant !m :atsoev] may be s]viceable & adapt$ to our holy ,*ri/ian fai?2 & to set =? ! errors1 mod]ately & politely1 ) su* good & holy argum5ts z ! matt] calls =1 to def5d & prove ev]y?+ ) suitable evangelical decl>ations & admonitions1 proce$+ f ,*ri/ian & neighborly love2 & at ! same "t to m+le !re) e>ne/ness & sev]ity ) su* mod]ation z may be likely to w9 ! five electors & pr9ces1 & n to de/roy _! hope or to h>d5 !m /ill m4 7,koelln]1 #djc7 ,h[ev]1 inspir$ by ,campegius & goad$ on by bl9d hatr$1 ! ,confutators employ$ _! commission = ! purpose ( ca/+ suspicion on ! ,lu!rans & incit+ ! ,emp]or aga9/ !m4 ,!y disreg>d$ ! imp]ial admonition = mod]ation1 & in/ead ( an objective answ] to ! ,augu/ana1 !y produc$ a long-w9d$ pasqu9ade aga9/ ,lu!r & ! ,evangelical prea*]s1 a fit companion piece to ! #djd !ses ( ,eck--a g5]al accusation aga9/ ! ,prote/ants1 a sl&]\s an?ology ( g>bl$ quotations f ,lu!r1 ,melan*?on1 & o!r ,evangelical prea*]s4 ,! ins9uation lurk+ 9 ! docum5t ev]y:]e 0 t ! ,confession ( ! ,lu!ran pr9ces 0 9 gl>+ contradiction to ! real doctr9e ( _! pa/ors4 ,! s9i/] s*eme ( ! ,romani/s1 z ! ,elector 9 #aecf rem9d$ ! ,lu!ran !ologians1 0 to br+ ! pr9ces 9 opposition to _! prea*]s4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #adh47 ,! mildness & mod]ation ( ! ,augu/ana1 !y op5ly decl>$1 0 no?+ b subtle cunn+ ( ! smoo? & wily ,melan*?on1 :o s\ght to hide ! true /ate ( affairs4 ,9 a book :i* ,co*laeus publi%$ aga9/ ! ,apology 9 #aecd he said t ! op5 attacks ( ,lu!r 7 f> m tol]able ?an ! s]p5t9e cunn+ & hypocrisy ( ,melan*?on 7in/> draconis insidiantis fraudes int5d5s71 z manife/$ 9 p>ticul> by 8 demeanor t[>d ,campegius at ,augsburg 9 #aecj4 7,laemm]1 #ef2 ,salig1 #a1 #cgf47 ,?us ! ,roman ,confutators disreg>d$ _! commission to refute ! ,augu/ana1 & sub/itut$ a c>icature ( ,lu!r & 8 doctr9es design$ to irritate ! ,emp]or4 #dd4 ,a ,bulky1 ,scurril\s ,docum5t4 ,! ,confutation1 compil$ by ,eck & ,fab] f v>i\s contributions ( ! ,confutators1 0 ready by ! #h? ( ,july1 & 0 pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or on ! #ab? or #ac?4 ,! ,g]man translation 0 prep>$ by ! ,bav>ian ,*ancellor1 ,leonh>d von ,eck4 ,july #aj ,br5z _h writt53 ,x is report$ t !y are prep>+ wagonloads ( comm5t>ies aga9/ our ,confession4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #ahj47 ,spalat9 reports t ! ,confutators deliv]$ to ! ,emp]or a pile ( books aga9/ ,doctor ,m>t9 ) mo/ scurril\s titles4 ,! *ief docum5t 0 entitl$3 ,ca?olic &1 z x 71 ,extemporane\s ,response conc]n+ ,c]ta9 ,articles ,pres5t$ 9 ,^! ,days at ! ,diet to ! ,imp]ial ,maje/y by ! ,illu/ri\s ,elector ( ,saxony & ,c]ta9 ,o!r ,pr9ces z well z ,two ,cities4 ,ca?olica et quasi extemporanea ,responsio sup] nonnullis articulis ,caes>eae ,maie/ati hisce diebus 9 dieta imp]iali ,augu/5si p] ,illu/rem ,electorem ,saxoniae et alios quosdam ,pr9cipes et duas ,civitates oblatis4 ,x 0 supplem5t$ by n9e o!r treatises on all mann] ( alleg$ contradictions & h]esies ( ,lu!r & ,anabapti/ic z well z o!r fruits ( 8 tea*+4 7,laemm]1 #cg1 ,c4 ,r4 #b1 #aig47 ,! pasqu9ade ) its supplem5ts compris$ no less ?an #cea folios1 #bhj ( :i* 7 devot$ to ! answ] prop]4 ,co*laeus also designates x z v sev]e & ext5d$1 acrior ext5siorque4 ,july #ad ,melan*?on report$ he _h he>d f fri5ds t ! ,confutation 0 long & fill$ ) scurrilities4 7#aic4 #bah47 ,july #ae3 ,i am s5d+ y ,lu!r a li/ ( ! treatises :i* our oppon5ts h pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or1 f :i* y w see t ! ,confutation is supplem5t$ by antilogs & o!r treatises 9 ord] to /ir up aga9/ u ! mo/ g5tle he>t ( ! ,emp]or4 ,su* are ! /ratagems ^! sl&]]s 7sycophantae7 devise4 7#aig47 ,! effect ( ! ,confutation on ! ,emp]or1 h[ev]1 0 n at all :at its au?ors desir$ & anticipat$4 ,disgu/$ ) ! mis]able bulky bot*1 ! ,emp]or conv5$ ! e/ates on ,july #ae1 & !y resolv$ to return ! bungl+ docum5t to ! !ologians = revision4 ,tone1 me?od1 plan1 ev]y?+ displeas$ ! ,emp]or & e/ates to su* an ext5t t !y expung$ almo/ "o-?ird ( x4 ,int5tionally !y ignor$ ! n9e supplem5ts & dem&$ t reflections on ,lu!r be elim9at$ f ! docum5t entirely2 moreov]1 t ! !ologians conf9e !mselves to a refutation ( ! ,augu/ana4 7,laemm]1 #ci47 ,co*laeus writes3 ,s9ce ! ,ca?olic pr9ces all desir$ peace & concord1 !y deem$ x necess>y to answ] 9 a mild] tone1 & to omit all ref]5ce to :at ! ,lu!ran prea*]s _h =m]ly taught & writt5 o!rwise ?an _! ,confession /at$4 7,koelln]1 #djf47 ,9 a lett] to ,brueck he decl>$ t su* co>se extracts & articles ) :i* ! fir/ draft ( ! ,confutation *>g$ ,lu!r %\ld n be m5tion$ 9 ! reply to ! ,confession1 le/ any "o be put to %ame or defam$ publicly4 7,laemm]1 #ci47 ,9 8 ,annals1 ,spalat9 reports3 ,at fir/ !re 7 p]haps #bhj folios4 ,b ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y is said to h we$$ out _m folios & cond5s$ ! ,confutation to su* an ext5t t n m ?an twelve folios rema9$4 ,?is is said to h hurt & ang]$ ,eck sev]ely4 7,/4 ,l4 #ba;a1 #aeci47 ,9 a lett] to ,veit ,dietri*1 dat$ ,july #cj1 ,melan*?on rem>ks s>ca/ically3 ,rec5tly ,eck compla9$ to "o ( 8 fri5ds t ! ,emp]or _h delet$ almo/ ! ?ird "p ( 8 treatise1 & ,i suspect t ! *ief ornam5ts ( ! book 7 root$ out1 t is1 ! gl>+ lies & ! mo/ /upid tricks1 insignia m5dacia et sycophantiae /olidissimae4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #bda47 ,br5z reg>d$ ?is z an evid5ce ( ! ext5t to :i* ! ,augu/ana _h p]turb$ ! oppon5ts1 leav+ !m utt]ly helpless4 ,july #ae he wrote to ,isemann3 ,mean:ile no?+ new has tak5 place 9 our mid/1 except t ,i he>d t ! confession ( ! sophi/s 0 to-day return$ by ! ,emp]or to its au?ors1 ! sophi/s1 & ?is = ! reason t x 0 s confus$1 jumbl$1 vehem5t1 blood?ir/y1 & cruel 7confusa1 incordita1 viol5ta1 sangu9ol5ta et crudelis7 t he 0 a%am$ to h x read be=e ! ,imp]ial ,s5ate4444 ,we exp]i5ce daily t we h s bewild]$1 /unn$1 & confus$ !m t !y "k n :]e to beg9 or to end4 7#aih47 ,pussyfoot+ 7,leisetret576--su* 0 ! slogan at ,augsburg2 & 9 ?is ,melan*?on 0 n[h]e equal$4 ,privately also ,co*laeus elaborat$ a mild] answ] to ! ,lu!ran ,confession4 ,b ev5 ! fri5ds :o _h induc$ him to und]take ?is task consid]$ 8 ef=t too h>% to be pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or4 ,! fir/1 reject$ draft ( ! ,confutation has be5 lo/1 ) ! sole exception ( ! second article1 pres]v$ by ,co*laeus4 ,on ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is draft & ! "o f9ally adopt$1 ,plitt comm5ts z foll[s3 ,! ,confutation z read simply adopt$ ! fir/ article ( ! ,confession ,augu/ana z 9 complete agreem5t ) ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,! orig9al draft also approv$ ?is article's appeal to ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicaea1 b add$ t n[ ! ,emp]or %\ld admoni% ! confess+ e/ates to accept ev]y?+ else taught by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ev5 ?\gh x 0 n v]bally conta9$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 z1 = example1 ! ,mass1 ,quadragesimal fa/+1 ! invocation ( ! sa9ts1 etc42 = ! word+ ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity c\ld be f\nd 9 ! ,scriptures j z little z t ( ! po9ts m5tion$1 fur!rmore1 t he also call ^u !m to ackn[l$ge said ,synod ( ,nicaea 9 all its p>ts1 h5ce also to reta9 ! hi]>*ical degrees ) _! p[]s2 t he admoni% !m to compel _! prea*]s & tea*]s to retract ev]y?+ :i* !y _h said & writt5 aga9/ t ,synod1 especially ,lu!r & ,melan*?on1 its public defam]s4 ,refusal ( su* retraction w\ld invalidate _! appeal to t ,synod & prove x to be no?+ b a means ( deception4 ,f9ally !y 7 to be admoni%$ n to believe _! tea*]s 9 any?+ :i* 0 aga9/ ! decl>ations ( ! ,*ur* ca?olic4 ,su* 0 ! =m 9 :i* ! fir/ draft ( ! ,confutation 0 c\*$4 ,ev]y:]e ! t5d5cy 0 app>5t to magnify ! diff]5ces1 make invidi\s inf]5ces1 ca/ suspicion on _! oppon5ts1 & place !m 9 a bad light ) ! ,emp]or & ! majority4 ,?is 0 n ! case 9 ! answ] :i* 0 f9ally read4 7#cg47 #de4 ,confutation ,adopt$ & ,read4 ,only aft] repeat$ revisions 9 :i* ,campegius & ! imp]ial c\nselors ,valdes & ,granvella took "p 0 an agreem5t rea*$ reg>d+ ! =m ( ! ,confutation4 ,july #cj ! ,emp]or receiv$ ! f\r? revision & on ,augu/ #a he pres5t$ x to ! bi%ops1 pr9ces1 & e/ates = _! op9ion4 ,!re /ill rema9$ (f5sive passages :i* _h to be elim9at$4 ,a fif? revision 0 necess>y be=e ! approval ( ! ,emp]or & ! e/ates 0 =?com+4 ,a ,prolog & an ,epilog 7 add$ accord+ to :i* ! ,confutation is drawn up 9 ! "n ( ! ,emp]or4 ,?us ! orig9al volume 0 boil$ d[n to a comp>atively small docum5t4 ,b to speak ) ,kolde1 ev5 9 its f9al =m ! ,confutation is /ill r an accusation aga9/ ! ,evangelicals1 & an ef=t to reta9 all ! m$ieval *ur* cu/oms ?an a refutation ( ! ,augu/ana4 7#cd47 ,augu/ #f ,jonas wrote to ,lu!r3 ,! *apla9 ,john ,h5kel ( ,que5 ,m>ia in=m$ u t !y _h five times *ang$ _! ,confutation1 ca/+ & reca/+1 m9t+ & rem9t+ x1 & /ill !re f9ally 0 produc$ no?+ b an unc\? & confus$ conglom]ation & a hodgepodge1 z :5 a cook p\rs diff]5t s\ps into "o pot4 ,at fir/ !y pat*$ toge!r an enorm\s volume1 z ,fab] is kn[n to be a v]bose compil]2 ! book grew by reason ( ! multitude ( its lies & scurrilities4 ,h[ev]1 at ! fir/ revision ! ,emp]or elim9at$ ! ?ird "p ( ! book1 s t b>ely twelve or sixte5 folios rema9$1 :i* 7 read4 7,/4 ,l4 #ba;a1 #aeci47 ,on ,augu/ #c1 #aecj1 9 ! same hall 9 :i* ! ,augsburg ,confession _h be5 submitt$ ?irty-eight days be=e1 9 ! pres5ce ( all ! e/ates ( ! empire1 ! ,augu/anae ,confessionis ,responsio1 imm$iately call$ ,confutatio ,pontificia by ! ,prote/ants1 0 read 9 ! ,g]man language by ,alex&] ,s*weiss1 ! ,imp]ial ,secret>y4 ,h[ev]1 ! read+1 too1 prov$ to be a discr$itable affair4 ,ow+ to ! great ha/e 9 :i* ! ,g]man copy _h be5 prep>$1 an entire portion _h be5 omitt$2 ! result 0 t ! conclusion ( ,article #bd z well z ,articles #be & #bf 7 n pres5t$4 ,fur!rmore1 ,s*weiss1 ov]look+ ! l9es ( erasure1 read a "p :i* _h be5 /rick51 conta9+ a v bold deliv]ance on ! sacrifice ( ! ,mass1 9 :i* !y labor$ to prove f ! ,hebrew1 ,greek1 & ,lat9 t ! ^w facite 9 ! in/itution ( ! ,sacram5t 0 synonym\s ) sacrifice4 7,kolde1 #cd47 ,augu/ #f1 #aecj1 ,jonas wrote to ,lu!r3 ,! oppon5ts pres5t$ _! ,confutation to ! ,emp]or on ,july #cj1 & on ! #c;d ( ,augu/ x 0 read 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,emp]or & ! e/ates1 toge!r ) a ,prolog & an ,epilog ( ! ,emp]or4 ,! read+ also consum$ two entire h\rs1 b ) an incr$ible av]sion1 we>9ess1 & disgu/ on ! "p ( "s ( ! m s5sible he>]s1 :o compla9$ t !y 7 almo/ driv5 out by ?is utt]ly cold1 ?readb>e songlet 7cantil5a71 be+ extremely *agr9$ t ! e>s ( ! ,emp]or %\ld be mole/$ ) su* a l5g?y array ( wor?less ?+s masqu]ad+ "u ! "n ( ,ca?olic doctr9es4 7,/4 ,l4 #ba;a1 #aeci47 ,augu/ #d ,br5z wrote to ,isemann3 ,! ,emp]or ma9ta9s neutrality2 = he slept bo? :5 ! ,augu/ana & :5 ! ,confutation 0 read4 ,imp]ator neutralem sese g]it2 nam cum no/ra confessio leg]etur obdormivit2 rursus cum adv]s>iorum responsio leg]etur1 it]um obdormivit 9 m$ia negotii actione4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #bde47 ,! ,confutation 0 nei!r publi%$1 nor 0 a copy ( x deliv]$ to ! ,lu!rans4 ,app>5tly ! ,romani/s1 notably ! ,emp]or & ! e/ates1 7 a%am$ ( ! docum5t4 ,true1 ,co*laeus reports t t[>d ! close ( ! ,diet ,*>les au?oriz$ him & ,eck to publi% x1 b t ?is 0 n done1 because ,duke ,george & ! ,emp]or left ,augsburg %ortly aft]1 & ! pr9t] also mov$ away4 7,koelln]1 #dad47 ,all subsequ5t plead+ & implor+1 h[ev]1 on ! "p ( ,eck & o!rs1 to induce ! ,emp]or to publi% ! ,confutation fell on deaf e>s4 ,evid5tly ,*>les no long] took any int]e/ 9 a docum5t t _h s %amefully %att]$ 8 fond ambition ( reconcil+ ! religi\s p>ties4 ,:at appe>$ 9 pr9t1 e>ly 9 #aeca1 0 m]ely an extract prep>$ by ,co*laeus1 entitl$1 ,summ>y ( ! ,imp]ial ,answ]1 etc4 ,! fir/ ,lat9 edition ( ! ,confutation appe>$ z late z #aegc2 ! fir/ ,g]man edition1 9 #ahjh4 ,all previ\s ,g]man impressions 7also ! edition ( #aehd7 are translations ( ! ,lat9 edition ( #aegc4 7,c4 ,r4 #bg1 #be4 #hb47 ,conc]n+ ! ,g]man text ( ! ,confutation ,kolde rem>ks3 ,s9ce *anges 7 made ev5 aft] x _h be5 read1 we h ev5 less def9ite k1 respect+ details1 z to :at 0 read ?an 9 ! case ( ! ,augu/ana4 7#ce47 ,"o may !re=e also speak ( a ,confutatio ,v>iata4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,confutation does n diff] ess5tially f t :i* 0 lat] on affirm$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t 7#aede-aefc74 ,h[ev]1 says ,kolde1 be+ writt5 by ! ,g]man lead]s ( ! ,ca?olic p>ty "u ! eye ( ! ,papal ,legate1 & approv$ by ! ,emp]or1 ! ,g]man bi%ops1 & ! ,roman-m9d$ pr9ces1 x ! ,confutation mu/ be reckon$ among ! hi/orically mo/ important docum5ts ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic fai? ( t day4 #df4 ,confutation ,d5\nc$ by ,lu!rans4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ! ,lu!rans1 ! f9al draft ( ! ,confutation1 too1 0 a mis]able make%ift4 ,true1 its tone 0 mod]ate1 &1 ) few exceptions1 p]sonal defamations 7 omitt$4 ,! arrangem5t ( subjects 0 ess5tially ! same z 9 ! ,augu/ana4 ,/ill x 0 n :at x pret5d$ to be4 ,x 0 no s]i\s attempt at refut+ ! ,lu!ran ,confession1 b r an accumulation ( ,bible-texts1 arbitr>ily exp\nd$1 9 support ( false doctr9es & s*ola/ic !ories4 ,^! ef=ts l$ to exegetical feats t made ! ,confutators butts ( scorn & d]ision4 ,at any rate1 ! ,lu!rans 7 *>g$ ) hav+ fail$1 at ! public read+1 to control _! risibilities suffici5tly4 ,co*laeus compla9s3 ,dur+ ! read+ _m ( ! ,lu!rans indulg$ 9 unseemly laught]4 ,qu&o recitata fuit1 multi e ,lu!ranis inepte ca*9nabantur4 7,koelln]1 #daa47 ,if ?is did n actually occur1 x 0 n because ! ,confutators _h giv5 !m no cause = hil>ity4 ,altoge!r *ildi% & silly--su* is ,melan*?on's v]dict on _m ( _! exegetical pranks4 ,augu/ #f he wrote lett] aft] lett] to ,lu!r1 express+ 8 contempt = ! docum5t4 ,aft] he>+ t ,confutation1 says ,melan*?on1 all good p seem to h be5 m firmly e/abli%$ on our "p1 & ! oppon5ts1 if !re be among !m "s :o are m reasonable1 are said to be disgu/$ 7/oma*>i7 t su* absurdities 7 =c$ ^u ! ,emp]or1 ! be/ ( pr9ces4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #beb47 ,aga93 ,al?\gh ! ,emp]or's v]dict 0 v /]n & t]rible1 /ill1 ! ,confutation be+ a composition s v pu]ile1 a mo/ rem>kable congratulation foll[$ its read+4 ,no book ( ,fab]'s is s *ildi% b t ?is ,confutation is /ill m *ildi%4 7#bec47 ,9 ano!r lett] he rem>k$ t1 accord+ to ! ,confutation1 9 :i* ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai? 0 reject$1 ! oppon5ts _h no k ( religion :atev]4 7#bec47 ,augu/ #d ,br5z wrote to ,isemann3 ,all ?+s 7 writt5 9 ! fa%ion ( ,co*laeus1 ,fab]1 & ,eck4 ,truly a mo/ /upid comm5t1 s t ,i am a%am$ ( ! ,roman "n1 because 9 _! :ole ,*ur* !y c f9d no m5 able to answ] u h]etics at lea/ 9 a mann] wise & accompli%$4 ,s$ omnia conscripta erant ,co*leice et ,fabrilit] et ,eccianice4 ,comm5tum sane /upidissimum1 ut pudeat me ,romani nom9is1 quod 9 sua religione non conquirant viros1 qui saltem prud5t] et ornate nobis ha]eticis respond]5t4 7#bde47 ,augu/ #ae ,lu!r answ]$3 ,we receiv$ all ( y\r lett]s1 & ,i praise ,god t he made ! ,confutation ( ! adv]s>ies s awkw>d & fooli% a ?+4 ,h[ev]1 c\rage to ! end6 ,v]um fris* h9dur*6 7,end]s1 #h1 #aij47 #dg4 ,lu!r on ! ,confutation4 ,d]ision increas$ :5 ! ,papi/s decl9$ to publi% ! ,confutation1 or ev5 to deliv] a copy ( x to ! ,lu!rans = fur!r inspection4 ,?is refusal 0 univ]sally int]pret$ z an admission1 on ! "p ( ! ,romani/s1 ( a guilty consci5ce & ( be+ a%am$ !mselves ( ! docum5t4 ,9 8 ,w>n+ to ,my ,belov$ ,g]mans1 :i* appe>$ e>ly 9 #aeca1 ,lu!r wrote z foll[s3 ,b ,i am q ready to believe t extraord9>y wisdom prompt$ !m ! ,papi/s at ,augsburg to keep ?is rebuttal ( !irs & t spl5did booklet ,confutation to !mselves1 because _! own consci5ce tells !m v pla9ly t x is a corrupt1 wick$1 & frigid ?+1 ( :i* !y w\ld h to be a%am$ if x 7 publi%$ & suff]$ itself to be se5 9 ! light or to endure an answ]4 ,= ,i v well "k ^! highly le>n$ doctors :o h cook$ & brew$ ov] x = six weeks1 ?\gh ) ! ignorant !y may be able to give ! matt] a good semblance4 ,b :5 x is put on pap]1 x has nei!r h&s nor feet1 b lies !re 9 a disord]ly mass1 z if a drunk>d _h spew$ x up1 z may be se51 9 p>ticul>1 9 ! writ+s ( ,doctor ,s*mid & ,doctor ,eck4 ,= !re is nei!r rhyme nor rhy?m 9 :atsoev] !y are compell$ to put into writ+4 ,h5ce !y are m s$ul\s to %\t & prattle4 ,?us ,i h also le>n$ t :5 our ,confession 0 read1 _m ( our oppon5ts 7 a/oni%$ & confess$ t x 0 ! pure tru?1 :i* !y c\ld n refute f ! ,scriptures4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 _! rebuttal 0 read1 !y hung _! heads1 & %[$ by _! ge/ures t !y consid]$ x a mean & useless make%ift z comp>$ ) our ,confession4 ,our p1 h[ev]1 & _m o!r pi\s he>ts 7 greatly delight$ & mightily /r5g!n$ :5 !y he>d t ) all ! /r5g? & art :i* our oppon5ts 7 !n call$ ^u to display1 !y 7 capable ( produc+ no?+ b ?is flimsy rebuttal1 :i* n[1 praise ,god6 a woman1 a *ild1 a layman1 a peasant are fully able to refute ) good argum5ts tak5 f ! ,scriptures1 ! ,^w ( ,tru?4 ,& t is also ! true & ultimate reason :y !y refus$ to deliv] to ! ,lu!rans a copy ( _! refutation4 ,^? fugitive evil consci5ces 7 fill$ ) horror at !mselves1 & d>$ n await ! answ] ( ,tru?4 ,& x is q evid5t t !y 7 confid5t1 & t !y _h ! ,diet call$ toge!r 9 ! conviction t our p w\ld nev] h ! boldness to appe>1 b if ! ,emp]or %\ld only be br\ght to ,g]many 9 p]son1 e "o w\ld be fright5$ & say to !m3 ,m]cy1 de> lords1 :at w\ld y h u d8 ,:5 !y 7 disappo9t$ 9 ?is1 & ! ,elector ( ,saxony 0 ! v fir/ to appe> on ! sc5e1 good ,"l1 h[ _! bree*es began to--6 ,h[ all _! confid5ce 0 conf\nd$6 ,:at ga!r+ toge!r1 secret consultations1 & :isp]+s result$6 444 ,! f9al sum & sub/ance ( x all 0 to devise ways & means 7s9ce our m5 7 ! fir/ joy\sly & *e]fully to appe>7 h[ to keep !m f be+ he>d block ! read+ ( ! ,augu/ana4 ,:5 also ?is s*eme ( !irs 0 defeat$1 !y f9ally succe$$ 9 ga9+ ! glory t !y did n d>e to h& ov] _! futile rebuttal nor to give u an opportunity to reply to x6 444 ,b "s "o might say3 ,! ,emp]or 0 will+ to deliv] ! answ] to our p>ty provid$ !y w\ld promise n to h x publi%$ nor its cont5ts divulg$4 ,t is true1 = su* a pl$ge 0 expect$ ( our m54 ,"h1 h[ev]1 e "o may grasp & feel 7ev5 ?\gh he is able nei!r to see nor he>7 :at mann] ( p !y are :o w n & d>e n p]mit _! matt] to come to ! light4 ,if x is s preci\s a ?+ & s well f\nd$ 9 ! ,scriptures z !y bell[ & boa/1 :y1 !n1 does x %un ! light8 ,:at b5efit c !re be 9 hid+ f u & e "o else su* public matt]s z mu/ nev]!less be taught & held among !m8 ,b if x is unf\nd$ & futile1 :y1 !n1 did !y 9 ! fir/ resolution ( ! ,diet1 h ! ,elector ( ,br&5burg proclaim & publi% 9 writ+ t our ,confession _h be5 refut$ by ! ,confutation ) ! ,scriptures & /an* argum5ts8 ,if t 7 true1 & if _! own consci5ces did n give !m ! lie1 !y w\ld n m]ely h all[$ su* preci\s & well-f\nd$ ,refutation to be read1 b w\ld h furni%$ u ) a writt5 copy1 say+3 ,!re y h x1 we defy any "o to answ] x6 z we did & /ill d ) our ,confession4 444 ,:at ! ,elector ( ,br&5burg said 9 ! resolution read at ! ,diet1 t our ,confession 0 refut$ ) ! ,scriptures & ) s\nd argum5ts1 is n ! tru?1 b a lie4 444 ,= ?is well-f\nd$ refutation ,confutation has z yet n come to light1 b is p]haps sleep+ ) ! old ,tannhaeus] on ,m\nt ,v5us 7,v5usb]g74 7,/4 ,l4 #ae1 #afce47 ,,vi4 ,! ,apology ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 #dh4 ,emp]or ,dem&s ,adoption ( ,confutation4 ,! ,confutation 0 writt5 9 ! "n ( ! ,emp]or4 ,?is is indicat$ by ! title3 ,roman ,imp]ial ,confutation1 ,roemis*-,kais]li*e ,konfutation4 7,c4 ,r4 #ba1 #ahi47 ,& accord+ to 8 decl>ation ( ,july #e1 dem&+ t ! ,lu!rans ackn[l$ge him z judge1 ! ,emp]or1 imm$iately be=e ! read+1 ann\nc$3 ,! ,confutation conta9$ 8 fai? & 8 v]dict on ! ,confession ( ! ,lu!rans2 he dem&$ t !y accept x2 %\ld !y refuse to d s1 he w\ld prove himself ! w>d5 & protector ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ! ,epilog ! ,emp]or gave expression to ! foll[+ ?\ghts3 ,f ?is ,confutation he saw t ! ,evangelicals 9 _m articles agree ) ! ,univ]sal & also ! ,roman ,*ur*1 & reject & condemn _m wick$ tea*+s curr5t among ! common p ( ! ,g]man nation4 ,he !re=e did n d\bt t1 hav+ he>d 8 answ] to _! ,confession1 !y w\ld squ>e !mselves also 9 ! rema9+ po9ts1 & return to :at1 by common cons5t1 _h hi!rto be5 held by all true believ]s4 ,%\ld !y fail to he$ 8 admonition1 !y mu/ consid] t he w\ld be compell$ to reveal & demean himself 9 ?is matt] 9 su* mann] z by reason ( 8 (fice1 accord+ to 8 consci5ce1 behoov$ ! supreme w>d5 & protector ( ! ,holy ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 7#bg1 #bbh47 ,imm$iately aft] ! read+1 ,fr$]ick1 ,duke ( ! ,palat9ate1 decl>$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,emp]or t ! ,confutation 0 ! ,emp]or's answ] to ! ,lu!rans1 ! v]dict he r5d]$ aga9/ _! ,confession2 & !y 7 n[ call$ ^u to rel9qui% ! articles ( _! ,confession t 7 refut$ 9 ! ,confutation1 & to return to ! ,roman ,*ur* 9 unity ( fai?4 7,see ! reports ( ,br5z1 ,melan*?on1 & ! delegates f ,nu]nb]g1 ,c4 ,r4 #b1 #bde4 #bej4 #bec47 ,?us ! ,emp]or1 :o _h promis$ to h ! delib]ations c>ri$ on 9 love & k9dness1 dem&$ bl9d submission1 & clos$ 8 dem& ) a ?reat4 ,8 manife/o 0 ,prote/ant2 8 actions rema9$ ,papi/ical4 ,9 ! e/imation ( ! ,romani/s1 ! ,emp]or1 by condesc5d+ to an ext5d$ reply to ! ,lu!ran ,confession1 _h done m ?an 8 duty1 & mu* m ?an !y _h consid]$ exp$i5t4 ,n[ !y rejoic$1 believ+ t ev]y?+ !y wi%$ = _h be5 accompli%$1 & t !re 0 no o!r way op5 = ! ,lu!rans ?an to submit1 volunt>ily or by compulsion4 ,naturally ! attitude ( ! ,emp]or 0 a great disappo9tm5t to ! ,lu!rans1 & x caus$ mu* al>m & fe> among !m4 ,f ! v beg9n+ !y _h decl>$ !mselves ready 9 ! int]e/ ( peace1 to d :atev] !y c\ld ) ,god & consci5ce4 ,& ?is rema9$ _! position to ! v la/4 ,!y dread$ w>1 & 7 det]m9$ to leave no /one unturn$ t[>ds avoid+ ?is calamity4 ,9 ?is int]e/ ev5 ,philip ( ,hesse 0 prep>$ to g to ! v limits ( possibility4 ,melan*?on wrote3 ,! ,l&grave deports himself ) mu* re/ra9t4 ,he has op5ly decl>$ to me t 9 ord] to pres]ve peace1 he w\ld accept ev5 /]n] conditions1 z long z he did n !reby disgrace ! ,gospel4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #bed47 ,b a d5ial ( ,god1 consci5ce1 & ! ,gospel 0 precisely :at ! ,emp]or expect$4 ,h5ce ! ,lu!rans ref] to 8 dem&s z cruel1 impossible ( fulfilm5t1 & z a brea* ( promise4 ,outrag$ by ! ,emp]or's proc$ure1 & fe>+ = 8 own safety1 ! ,l&grave secretly left ! ,diet on ,augu/ #f4 ,w> seem$ inevitable to _m4 ,! read+ ( ! ,confutation _h %att]$ ! la/ hopes ( ! ,lu!rans = a peaceful settlem5t4 ,!y said s to ea* o!r1 & wrote x to ^? at home1 ?\gh n all ( !m 9 ! la*rymose tone ( ! vacillat+ ,melan*?on1 :o1 fill$ ) a ?\s& fe>s 0 tempor>ily m qualifi$ = depriv+ o!rs ( _! c\rage ?an = inspir+ c\rage4 7,plitt1 #bd47 #di4 ,su/a9$ by ,lu!r4 ,9 ^! days ( sev]e trials & sore di/ress ! ,lu!rans 7 su/a9$ by ! com=t+ lett]s ( ,lu!r & ! brac+ consci\sness t x 0 ! div9e tru? itself :i* !y advocat$4 ,& ! read+ ( ! ,confutation _h m>vel\sly /r5g!n$ ?is conviction4 ,brueck reports an eyewitness ( ! read+ ( ! ,augu/ana z say+3 ,! great] portion among !m ! ,papi/s is n s ignorant z n to h se5 long ago t !y are 9 error4 7,plitt1 #ah47 ,because ( ?is conviction !re 01 z ,melan*?on report$1 a m>vel\s congratulation among ! ,lu!rans aft] ! read+ ( ! ,confutation4 ,we /& = ! div9e tru?1 :i* ,god _c b lead to victory1 :ile our oppon5ts are condemn$ by _! own consci5ces1 --su* 0 ! buoy+ conviction ( ! ,lu!rans4 ,& 9 ?is ! p[]ful lett]s ( ,lu!r /r5g!n$ ! confessors at ,augsburg4 ,he wrote3 ,?is is ! nature ( our ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 t x mu/ be held & grasp$ z c]ta9 & t e "o mu/ ?9k & be conv9c$3 ,! doctr9e is true & sure inde$ & _c fail4 ,b :oev] falls to reason+ & beg9s to wav] )9 himself1 say+3 ,my de> fri5d1 d y believe t x is true1 etc48 su* a he>t w nev] be a true ,*ri/ian4 7,plitt1 #ab47 ,conc]n+ ! spiritual support :i* ! confessors at ,augsburg1 notably ,melan*?on1 receiv$ f ,lu!r1 ,plitt rem>ks3 ,:at ,lu!r did dur+ 8 solit>y /ay 9 ! ,ca/le at ,coburg _c be rat$ high en\gh4 ,8 ideal deportm5t dur+ ^! days1 s try+ = ! ,*ur*1 is an example :i* at all times ,evangelical ,*ri/ians may look up to1 9 ord] to le>n f him & to emulate him4 ,:at he wrote to 8 foll[]s 9 ord] to com=t & enc\rage !m1 c & mu/ at all times refre% & buoy up ^? :o are conc]n$ ab\t ! c\rse ( ! ,*ur*4 7#bd47 ,june #cj ,veit ,dietri* :o %>$ ,lu!r's solitude at ,coburg1 wrote to ,melan*?on3 ,my de> ,philip1 y d n "k h[ conc]n$ ,i am = y\r welf>e1 & ,i besee* y = ,*ri/'s sake n to reg>d z va9 ! ,doctor's ,lu!r's lett]s to y4 ,i _c suffici5tly admire t man's unique con/ancy1 joy1 confid5ce1 & hope 9 ^! days ( mo/ sore di/ress4 ,& daily he n\ri%es !m by dilig5t contemplation ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,n a day passes 9 :i* he does n sp5d 9 pray] at lea/ ?ree h\rs1 su* z are mo/ preci\s = /udy4 ,on "o occasion ,i *anc$ to he> him pray4 ,good ,"l1 :at a _s1 :at fai? spoke out ( 8 words6 ,he pray$ ) su* rev]5ce t "o c\ld see he 0 speak+ ) ,god1 & )al ) su* fai? & su* confid5ce z is %[n by "o :o is speak+ ) 8 fa!r & fri5d4 ,i "k1 said he1 t ,?\ art our ,fa!r & our ,god4 ,!re=e ,i am c]ta9 t ,?\ wilt conf\nd ^? :o p]secute ,?y *ildr54 ,if ,?\ do/ n d x1 ! dang] is ,?9e z well z ours4 ,= ! entire matt] is ,?9e own4 ,we 7 compell$ to take hold ( x2 maye/ ,?\ !re=e also protect x1 etc4 ,/&+ at a di/ance1 ,i he>d him pray+ 9 ?is mann] ) a l\d voice4 ,!n my he>t1 too1 burn$ mightily )9 me1 :5 he spoke s famili>ly1 s e>ne/ly1 & rev]5tly ) ,god1 & 9 8 pray] insi/$ on ! promises 9 ! ,psalms1 z "o :o 0 c]ta9 t ev]y?+ he pray$ = w\ld be done4 ,h5ce ,i d n d\bt t 8 pray] w prove a great help 9 ! desp]ately bad affair ( ?is ,diet4 ,& y1 my tea*]1 w\ld d f> bett] to imitate our fa!r1 ! ,doctor1 also 9 ?is po9t4 ,= ) y\r mis]able c>es & y\r weakl+ te>s y w accompli% no?+1 b prep>e a sad de/ruction = y\rself & u all1 :o take pleasure 91 & are b5efit$ by no?+ m ?an y\r welf>e4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #aeh;f42 ,/4 ,l4 #ae1 #ibi;f47 #ej4 ,copy ( ,confutation ,refus$ to ,lu!rans4 ,s9ce ! ,confutation1 9 ! mann] indicat$1 _h be5 pres5t$ z ! ,emp]or's f9al v]dict ^u ! ,augsburg ,confession ! ,lu!rans 7 compell$ to decl>e !mselves4 ,accord+ly1 ,*ancellor ,brueck at once respond$ to ! dem& = submission made ?r\gh ! ,palat9ate aft] ! read+ ( ! ,confutation1 say+3 ,! importance ( ?is matt]1 :i* conc]n$ _! salvation1 requir$ t ! ,confutation be deliv]$ to ! ,lu!rans = c>eful inspection & exam9ation to enable !m to arrive at a decision 9 ! matt]4 ,! delegates f ,nu]nb]g report$1 9 sub/ance3 ,aft] ! ,confutation 0 read1 ,doctor ,brueck answ]$3 ,:]eas1 accord+ to _! ,confession1 ! ,lu!rans 7 will+ to d & yield ev]y?+ t c\ld be s done ) a good consci5ce1 :]eas1 fur!rmore1 accord+ to ! ,confutation1 "s ( _! ! ,lu!rans' articles 7 approv$1 o!rs entirely reject$1 /ill o!rs p>tly admitt$ to be "r & p>tly repudiat$2 & :]eas ! ,confutation 0 a some:at l5g?y docum5t3 !re=e ! ,electors1 pr9ces1 & cities deem$ x necess>y to scan ^! articles m closely1 ! m s1 because _m writ+s 7 adduc$ 9 !m t made x necess>y to %[ to :at int5t1 & if at all !y 7 rightly quot$1 & accord+ly reque/$ ! ,emp]or1 s9ce he _h promis$ to he> bo? p>ties1 to submit ! ,confutation = _! inspection4 ,! ,emp]or answ]$3 ,z x 0 n[ late & gr[n d>k1 & s9ce ! matt] 0 important1 he w\ld consid] _! reque/ & reply to x lat]4 ,h]eupon1 accord+ to ! ,nu]nb]g delegates1 ! *ancellor plead$ aga9 & mo/ e>ne/ly t ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y w\ld consid] ?is important & great affair z a graci\s & ,*ri/ian emp]or ought to d1 & n d5y _! pray] & petition1 b deliv] to !m ! docum5t :i* _h be5 read4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #bea47 ,n[1 al?\gh ! ,romani/s 7 9 no way m9d$ & dispos$ to submit ! ,confutation to ! ,lu!rans1 !y nev]!less did n consid] x wise to refuse _! petition outright & bluntly2 = !y realiz$ t ?is w\ld r$\nd to ! glory nei!r ( !mselves nor ( _! docum5t4 ,! fanatical !ologians1 putt+ little fai? 9 t sorry fabrication ( _! own1 & %unn+ ! light1 at fir/ succe$$ 9 hav+ a resolution pass$ decl>+ ! entire matt] settl$ ) ! m]e read+4 ,h[ev] 9 ord] to save _! faces & to avoid ! appe>ance ( hav+ refus$ ! ,confutation z well z ! scorn & ridicule on t acc\nt 7z ! ,emp]or naively put x71 & le/ any "o say t ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y _h n1 9 accordance ) 8 manife/o1 fir/ dealt k9dly ) ! ,lu!rans1 ! e/ates resolv$ on ,augu/ #d to grant _! reque/4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 !y add$ conditions :i* ! ,lu!rans reg>d$ z dang]\s1 ins9uat+ & impossible1 h5ce r5d]+ ! ,ca?olic (f] illusory & unacceptable4 ,augu/ #e ! ,emp]or communicat$ ! resolutions adopt$ by ! ,ca?olic e/ates to ! ,lu!rans4 ,accord+ to a report ( ! ,nu]nb]g delegates ! negotiations proce$$ z foll[s3 ,! ,emp]or decl>$ t ! ,confutation w\ld be =w>d$ to ! ,lu!rans1 b ) ! und]/&+ t !y mu/ come to an agreem5t ) ! ,ca?olic pr9ces & e/ates2 fur!rmore t !y sp>e ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y ) _! refutations & make no fur!r reply &1 above all1 t !y keep ?is & o!r writ+s to !mselves1 nor let !m pass out ( _! h&s1 = in/ance1 by pr9t+ !m or 9 any o!r way4 ,h]eupon ,brueck1 9 ! "n ( ! ,lu!rans1 ?ank$ ! ,emp]or1 at ! same "t voic+ ! reque/ t1 consid]+ _! dire necessity1 ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y w\ld p]mit 8 ,elector & pr9ces to make answ] to ! ,confutation4 ,duke ,fr$]ick respond$3 ,! ,emp]or 0 incl9$ to grant !m p]mission to reply1 b desir$ ! answ] to be z pr(itable & brief z possible1 also expect$ !m to come to an agreem5t ) ! ,ca?olics1 & f9ally requir$ a solemn promise t !y w\ld n p]mit ! docum5t to pass out ( _! h&s4 ,brueck answ]$ gu>d$ly3 ,! ,lu!rans w\ld gladly come to an agreem5t z f> z x 0 possible = !m to d s ) ,god & _! consci5ce2 & z to _! answ] & ! pres]vation ( ! docum5t1 !y w\ld be f\nd irrepreh5sible4 ,! ,emp]or n[ decl>$3 ,! docum5t %\ld be deliv]$ to ! ,lu!rans 9 case !y w\ld promise to keep x to !mselves & n all[ x to fall into o!r h&s2 o!rwise ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y 0 n m9d$ to conf] ) !m any long]4 ,brueck ask$ = "t to consid] ! matt]1 & 0 giv5 till ev5+4 ,9 8 response he decl9$ ! ,emp]or's (f]1 at ! same "t indicat+ t an answ] to ! ,confutation w\ld be =?com+ nev]!less4 ,! ,lu!rans1 he said1 felt con/ra9$ to rel9qui% _! petition1 because ! condition t ! docum5t be kept 9 _! h&s _h be5 /ress$ 9 su* a mann] t !y c\ld n b fe> ! wor/ int]pretation if x w\ld nev]!less leak out )\t _! k & cons5t2 /ill1 !y (f]$ to answ] ! ,confutation1 s9ce !y _h not$ ! mo/ important po9ts :ile x 0 read2 9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 !y ask$ t x be n *>g$ to !m if any?+ %\ld be ov]look$2 at ! same "t !y bes\ght ! ,emp]or to consid] ?is action ( !irs z compell$ by dire necessity1 & 9 no o!r light4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #bee;ff47 ,9 ! ,preface to ! ,apology1 ,melan*?on says3 ,?is a copy ( ! ,confutation our pr9ces c\ld n obta91 except on ! mo/ p]il\s conditions1 :i* x 0 impossible = !m to accept4 7#ii47 #ea4 ,lu!rans on ,roman ,duplicity & ,p]fidy4 ,! duplicity & p]fidy ( ! ,emp]or & ! ,romani/s 9 _! deal+s ) ! ,lu!rans 0 *>act]iz$ by ,*ancellor ,brueck z foll[s3 ,! tactics ( ! oppon5ts 9 (f]+ a copy ( ! ,confutation 7 ^? ( ! fox :5 he invit$ ! /ork to be 8 gue/ & s]v$ him food 9 a broad1 %all[ pan1 s t he c\ld n take ! food ) 8 long bill4 ,9 l mann] !y treat$ ! five electors & pr9ces1 z well z ! relat$ cities1 :5 !y (f]$ to acc$e to _! reque/ & submit a copy to !m1 b ^u conditions :i* !y c\ld n accept )\t greatly violat+ _! honor4 7,koelln]1 #dai47 ,ov] aga9/ ! ,emp]or's dem& ( bl9d submission & 8 ?reat ( viol5ce1 ! ,lu!rans appeal$ to _! pure ,confession1 bas$ on ! ,holy ,scriptures1 to _! good consci5ce1 b\nd 9 ! ,^w ( ,god1 & to ! pla9 word+ ( ! imp]ial manife/o1 :i* _h promis$ discussions 9 love & k9dness4 ,9 an ,answ] ( ,augu/ #i1 e4g41 !y decl>$3 ,! articles ( ! ,augu/ana :i* we h pres5t$ are drawn f ! ,scriptures1 & x is impossible = u to rel9qui% !m ) a good consci5ce & peace ( he>t1 unless we f9d a refutation f\nd$ on ,god's ,^w & tru?1 on :i* we may re/ our consci5ce 9 peace & c]ta9ty4 7,fo]/emann1 #b1 #ahe47 ,9 ! ,preface to ! ,apology1 ,melan*?on comm5ts z foll[s on ! dem& ( ! ,romani/s3 ,aft]w>ds1 negotiations = peace 7 begun1 9 :i* x 0 app>5t t our pr9ces decl9$ no burd51 h[ev] griev\s1 :i* c\ld be assum$ )\t (f5se to consci5ce4 ,b ! adv]s>ies ob/9ately dem&$ t we %\ld approve c]ta9 manife/ abuses & errors2 & z we c\ld n d ?is1 ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y aga9 dem&$ t our pr9ces %\ld ass5t to ! ,confutation4 ,?is our pr9ces refus$ to d4 ,= h[ c\ld !y1 9 a matt] p]ta9+ to religion1 ass5t to a writ+ :i* !y _h n be5 able to exam9e1 especially z !y _h he>d t "s articles 7 condemn$ 9 :i* x 0 impossible = !m1 )\t griev\s s91 to approve ! op9ions ( ! adv]s>ies8 7#ii47 ,self-evid5tly ! ,lu!rans also prote/$ publicly t ! proc$ure ( ! ,romani/s 0 9 contrav5tion ( ! proclamation ( ! ,emp]or z well z ( 8 decl>ation on ,june #bj1 accord+ to :i* bo? p>ties 7 to deliv] _! op9ions 9 writ+ = ! purpose ( mutual fri5dly discussion4 ,9 ! ,answ] ( ,augu/ #i1 ref]r$ to above !y said3 ,we und]/& ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y's answ] to mean no?+ else ?an t1 aft] ea* p>ty _h pres5t$ its mean+ & op9ion1 su* %\ld "h be discuss$ among u 9 love & k9dness4 ,h5ce1 !y said1 x 0 9 violation ( ?is agreem5t to )hold ! ,confutation1 le/ x be answ]$4 7,fo]/emann1 #b1 #ahd;f47 ,lu!r express$ ! same conviction1 say+3 ,all ! _w 0 await+ a graci\s diet1 z ! manife/o proclaim$ & pret5d$1 & yet1 sad to say1 x 0 n s conduct$4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #afcf47 ,t ! ,romani/s !mselves fully realiz$ t ! *>ges ( ! ,lu!rans 7 well f\nd$1 appe>s f ! subt]fuges to :i* !y resort$ 9 ord] to ju/ify _! viol5ce & duplicity1 notably _! refusal to let !m exam9e ! ,confutation4 ,9 a decl>ation ( ,augu/ #aa !y /at$ t ! imp]ial laws expressly =bid1 on pa9 ( loss ( life & limb1 to dispute or argue 7gruppeln7 ab\t ! articles ( fai? 9 any mann] :atev]1 & t 9 ! pa/ ! edicts ( ! ,emp]or 9 ?is matt] ( fai? _h be5 despis$1 scorn$1 ridicul$1 & d]id$ by ! ,lu!rans4 7,fo]/emann1 #b1 #aij47 ,su* 7 ! mis]able argum5ts ) :i* ! ,romani/s def5d$ _! trea*]y4 ,lu!r c]ta9ly hit ! nail on ! head :5 he wrote t ! ,romani/s refus$ to deliv] ! ,confutation because _! consci5ces felt v well t x 0 a corrupt1 futile1 & frigid affair1 ( :i* !y w\ld h to be a%am$ 9 case x %\ld become public & %[ itself 9 ! light1 or endure an answ]4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #afce47 #eb4 ,orig9al ,draft ( ,apology4 ,augu/ #e ! ,lu!rans _h decl>$ to ! ,emp]or t !y w\ld n rema9 indebt$ = an answ] to ! ,confutation1 ev5 ?\gh a copy ( x 0 refus$ !m4 ,!y knew ! cunn+ ,romani/s1 & _h prep>$ = e em]g5cy4 ,melan*?on1 :o1 accord+ to a lett] address$ to ,lu!r 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #bed71 0 n pres5t at ! read+ ( ! ,confutation1 writes 9 ! ,preface to ! ,apology3 ,dur+ ! read+ "s ( u _h tak5 d[n ! *ief po9ts ( ! topics & argum5ts4 7#aja47 ,among ^! 0 ,cam]>ius4 ,augu/ #d ! ,nu]nb]g delegates report$ to _! s5ate t ! ,confutation compris+ m ?an fifty pages1 _h be5 publicly read on ,augu/ #c1 at #b ,p4,m41 & t ! ,lu!rans _h ,john ,kamm]mei/] record ! sub/ance ( all ! articles2 ?is he has dilig5tly done 9 %or?& on 8 tablet z f> z he 0 able1 & m ?an all ( u 7 able to und]/& & rememb]1 z ,y\r ,excell5cy may p]ceive f ! enclos$ copy4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #bej47 ,on ! basis ( ^! notes ! c\ncil ( ,nu]nb]g _h a !ological & a legal op9ion drawn up1 & a copy ( ! =m] 7,osi&]'s refutation ( ! ,confutation7 0 deliv]$ to ,melan*?on on ,augu/ #ah by ! ,nu]nb]g delegates4 ,osi&] specially /ress$ ! po9t t ! dem& ( ! ,romani/s to submit to ! decision ( ! ,*ur* 9 matt]s ( fai? mu/ be reject$1 t1 on ! contr>y1 ev]y?+ mu/ be subord9at$ to ! ,holy ,scriptures4 7,plitt1 #hg47 ,9 draw+ up ! ,apology1 h[ev]1 ,melan*?on made little1 if any1 use ( ,osi&]'s "w4 ,su*1 at lea/1 is ! inf]5ce ,kolde draws f ,melan*?on's words to ,cam]>ius1 ,septemb] #bj3 ,y\r citiz5s ( ,nu]nb]g h s5t u a book on ! same subject answ] to ! ,confutation1 :i* ,i hope be=e long to discuss ) y orally4 7#chc47 ,!re c be little d\bt t ,melan*?on privately ent]ta9$ ! idea ( writ+ ! ,apology imm$iately aft] ! read+ ( ! ,confutation4 ,! commission1 h[ev]1 to d ?is 0 n giv5 until lat]2 & mo/ ( ! "w 0 probably done 9 ,septemb]4 ,= ,augu/ #ai ! ,nu]nb]g delegates report$ t _! op9ion _h be5 giv5 to ,melan*?on1 :o z yet1 h[ev]1 _h n receiv$ ord]s to write any?+ 9 reply to ! ,confutation1 unless he is privately engag$ 9 su* und]tak+4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #bhi47 ,at ,augsburg ! execution ( ! resolution to frame an answ] to ! ,confutation _h be5 sidetrack$ = ! "t be+1 by ! peace p>leys betwe5 ! ,lu!rans & ! ,ca?olics1 :i* began soon aft] ! ,confutation 0 read & cont9u$ ?r\gh ,augu/4 ,b :5 ^! misc>ri$1 ! ,evangelical e/ates1 on ! #bi? ( ,augu/1 took (ficial action reg>d+ ! prep>ation ( an ,apology4 ,( ! meet+ 9 :i* ! matt] 0 discuss$ ! ,nu]nb]g delegates report3 ,x 0 fur!rmore resolv$3 ',s9ce we h rec5tly decl>$ be=e ,8 ,maje/y t1 9 case ,8 ,maje/y refus$ to deliv] to u ! ,confutation ( our ,confession )\t re/rictions ! a=em5tion$ conditions we nev]!less c\ld n refra9 f writ+ a reply to x1 z f> z ! articles _h be5 not$ d[n dur+ ! read+1 & f deliv]+ x to ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y3 we !re=e ought to prep>e ourselves 9 ?is matt]1 9 ord] to make use ( x 9 case ( necessity1' ,9 ?is we1 ! delegates ( ! cities1 also acquiesc$4 444 ,i1 ,baumga]tn]1 also said3 ,9 case su* a "w z 0 "u discussion %\ld be drawn up1 we _h "s op9ions ! !ological & ! legal op9ions ( ! city ( ,nu]nb]g1 :i* might be ( s]vice 9 ?is matt]1 & :i* we w\ld gladly submit4 ,h]eupon x 0 ord]$ t ,dr4 ,brueck & o!r ,saxons be commission$ to draft ! writ+4 7#cba47 ,! assumption1 !re=e1 t ,melan*?on 0 ! sole au?or ( ! fir/ draft ( ! ,apology is errone\s4 ,9 ! ,preface to ! ,apology he writes3 ,!y _h1 h[ev]1 comm&$ me & "s o!rs to prep>e an ,apology ( ! ,confession1 9 :i* ! reasons :y we c\ld n accept ! ,confutation %\ld be set =? to ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y1 & ! objections made by ! adv]s>ies be refut$4 7#aja47 ,9 ! same ,preface he says t he _h orig9ally drawn up ! ,apology at ,augsburg1 tak+ c\nsel ) o!rs4 7#aja47 ,h[ev]1 we d n "k :o1 besides ,brueck1 ^! o!rs 74 #ec4 ,apology ,pres5t$1 ,b ,acceptance ,refus$4 ,by ,septemb] #bj ,melan*?on _h f9i%$ 8 "w4 ,= on ! same day he wrote to ,cam]>ius3 ,! v]dict decision ( ! ,diet on our affair has n yet be5 r5d]$4 444 ,our ,pr9ce ?\ght ( leav+ ye/]day1 & aga9 to-day4 ,! ,emp]or h[ev]1 kept him "h by ! promise t he w\ld r5d] 8 decision )9 ?ree days4 444 ,ow+ to ! /atem5ts ( evil-m9d$ p1 ,i am n[ rema9+ at home & h 9 ^! days writt5 ! ,apology ( our ,confession1 :i*1 if necess>y1 %all also be deliv]$2 = x w be oppos$ to ! ,confutation ( ! o!r p>ty1 :i* y he>d :5 x 0 read4 ,i h writt5 x %>ply & m vehem5tly 7?an ! ,confession74 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #chc47 ,be=e long1 a good opportunity also = deliv]+ ?is ,apology pres5t$ itself4 ,x 0 at ! meet+ ( ! ,diet on ,septemb] #bb :5 ! draft ( a f9al resolution 7,abs*i$7 0 read to ! e/ates4 ,accord+ to ?is decision1 ! ,emp]or (f]$ to give ! ,evangelicals "t till ,april #ae1 #aeca1 to consid] :e!r or n !y w\ld unite ) ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ! ,holy ,fa!r1 & ,8 ,maje/y 9 ! o!r articles1 provid$ h[ev]1 t 9 ! mean "t no?+ be pr9t$ & absolutely no fur!r innovations be made4 ,! imp]ial decision also decl>$ emphatically t ! ,lu!ran ,confession _h be5 refut$ by ! ,confutation4 ,! v]dict claim$ ! ,emp]or _h1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! o!r electors1 pr9ces1 & e/ates ( ! holy empire1 graci\sly he>d ! op9ion & confession ( ! ,evangelical pr9ces1 _h giv5 x due & ?or\gh consid]ation1 & _h refut$ & disprov$ x ) s\nd argum5ts f ! holy gospels & ! ,scriptures4 7,fo]/emann1 #b1 #dge47 ,self-evid5tly1 ! ,lu!rans c\ld n let ?is ,roman boa/ pass by 9 sil5ce4 ,accord+ly1 9 ! "n ( ! ,elector1 ,brueck arose to voice _! objections1 &1 :ile apologiz+ = its defici5cies1 pres5t$ ! ,apology4 ,9 8 prote/1 ,brueck dwelt especially on ! (f5sive words ( ! imp]ial decision :i* claim$ t ! ,augu/ana 0 refut$ by ! ,confutation4 ,he call$ att5tion to ! fact t ! ,lu!rans _h be5 (f]$ a copy only "u impossible conditions2 t !y _h nev]!less1 on ! basis ( :at 0 he>d dur+ ! read+1 drawn up a c\nt]-plea1 or reply2 ?is he 0 n[ hold+ 9 8 h&s1 & he reque/$ t x be read publicly2 f x e "o might le>n ) :at /rong1 irrefutable reasons ( ,holy ,scripture ! ,augu/ana 0 =tifi$4 7,fo]/emann1 #b1 #dgi47 ,duke ,fr$]ick took ! ,apology1 b return$ x on signal f ! ,emp]or1 into ^: e> ,k+ ,f]d9& _h be5 :isp]+4 ,sleidan relates3 ,cumque hucusce tr4 note3 sic p]v5tum esset1 ,pontanus apologiam ,caes>i def]t2 eam ubi ,frid]icus ,palat9us accepit1 subnu5te ,caes>e1 cui ,f]d9&us aliquid ad aures insusurrav]at1 r$dit4 ,a simil> report is f\nd 9 ! annals ( ,spalat94 7,koelln]1 #dbb47 ,by refus+ to accept ! ,apology1 ! ,emp]or & ! ,romani/s de facto broke (f negotiations ) ! ,lu!rans2 & ! brea* rema9$1 & became p]man5t4 ,septemb] #bc ! ,elector left ,augsburg4 ,by ! "t ! second imp]ial decision 0 r5d]$1 ,novemb] #ai1 all ! ,evangelical pr9ces _h left ! ,diet4 ,! second v]dict dictat$ by ! intol]ant _s ( ! papal !ologians1 0 m vehem5t ?an ! fir/4 ,confus+ ,lu!rans1 ,zw+lians1 & ,anabapti/s1 ,*>les emphasiz$ ! execution ( ! ,edict ( ,worms2 sanction$ all dogmas & abuses :i* ! ,evangelicals _h attack$2 confirm$ ! spiritual jurisdiction ( ! bi%ops2 dem&$ ! re/oration ( all aboli%$ rites id5tifi$ himself ) ! ,confutation2 & repeat$ ! ass]tion t ! ,lu!ran ,confession _h be5 refut$ f ! ,scriptures4 7,fo]/emann1 #b1 #hci;f42 ,laemm]1 #di47 ,9 8 ,gloss on ! ,alleg$ ,imp]ial ,edict ( #aeca1 ,lu!r dilates z foll[s on ! ,roman ass]tion ( hav+ refut$ ! ,augu/ana f ! ,scriptures3 ,9 ! fir/ place conc]n+ _! boa/+ t our ,confession 0 refut$ f ! holy gospels1 ?is is s manife/ a lie t !y !mselves well "k x to be an abom9able falsehood4 ,) ?is r\ge !y want$ to t9t _! faces & to defame u1 s9ce !y notic$ v well t _! affair 0 leaky1 lepr\s1 & fil?y1 & despite su* defici5cy nev]!less 0 to be honor$4 ,_! he>t ?\ght3 ,ours is an evil cause1 ?is we "k v well1 b we %all say ! ,lu!rans 7 refut$2 t's en\gh4 ,:o w compel u to prove su* a false /atem5t8 ,= if !y _h n felt t _! boa/+ 0 ly+1 pure & simple1 !y w\ld n only gladly1 & )\t (f]+ any objections1 h surr5d]$ _! refutation z 0 s e>ne/ly desir$1 b w\ld also h made use ( all pr9t+-presses to publi% x1 & h]ald$ x ) all trumpets & drums1 s t su* defiance w\ld h aris5 t ! v sun w\ld n h be5 able to %9e on acc\nt ( x4 ,b n[1 s9ce !y s %amefully )held _! answ] & /ill m %amefully hide & secrete x1 by ?is action _! evil consci5ce be>s witness to ! fact t !y lie l reprobates :5 !y boa/ t our ,confession has be5 refut$1 & t by su* lies !y seek n ! tru?1 b our di%onor & a cov] = _! %ame4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #affh47 #ed4 ,apology ,reca/ by ,melan*?on4 ,ow+ to ! fact t ,melan*?on1 imm$iately aft] ! pres5tation ( ! ,apology1 resolv$ to revise & reca/ x1 ! orig9al draft 0 =c$ into ! backgr\nd4 ,x rema9$ unkn[n = a long "t & 0 publi%$ = ! fir/ "t =ty-sev5 ye>s aft] ! ,diet4 ,*ytraeus embodi$ x 9 8 ,hi/oria ,augu/anae ,confessionis1 #aegh1 ) ! caption1 ,prima ,del9eatio ,caes>i ,c>olo ,die #bb4 ,septembris ,oblata1 s$ ,non ,recepta--,! ,fir/ ,draft :i* 0 ,(f]$ to ,emp]or ,*>les on ,septemb] #bb1 b ,n ,accept$4 ,! ,g]man & ,lat9 texts are f\nd 9 ,corp4 ,ref4 #bg1 #bge;ff4 & #cbb4 ,foll[+ is ! ,lat9 title3 ,apologia ,confessionis1 #aecj4 ,ps4 #aai3 ,pr9cipes p]secuti sunt me gratis4 ,! ,g]man title runs3 ,antwort d] ,wid]legung auf uns] ,bek5ntnis ueb]geb54 7#bde4 #cgh47 ,plitt says ( ! orig9al ,apology3 ,x 0 well qualifi$ to be pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or1 &1 9 =m also1 f> surpass$ ! ,confutation ( ! ,papi/s4 ,/ill ! ,evangelical ,*ur* suff]$ no h>m :5 ! ,emp]or decl9$ to accept x4 ,! opportunity = revision :i* 0 ?us (f]$ & fully exploit$ by ,melan*?on1 :o 0 nev] able to satisfy himself1 result$ 9 a great improvem5t4 ,! ,apology z x appe>$ ! foll[+ ye> is mu* rip]1 %>p] 9 its rebuttal1 & /rong] 9 its argum5tation4 7#hh47 ,! draft ( ! ,apology pres5t$ at ,augsburg conclud$ z foll[s3 ,if ! ,confutation _h be5 =w>d$ to u = inspection we w\ld p]haps h be5 able to give a m adequate answ] on ^! & additional po9ts4 7,c4 ,r4 #bg1 #cgh47 ,:51 !re=e1 ! ,emp]or _h refus$ to accept x1 ,melan*?on det]m9$ to revise1 re5=ce1 & augm5t ! docum5t4 ,septemb] #bc he left ,augsburg 9 ! company ( ! ,elector2 & already :ile en r\te he began ! "w4 ,9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 #agcj1 ,salig rem>ks3 ,/ill ! loss ( ! fir/ copy ( ! ,apology does n seem to be s great1 s9ce we n[ possess ! ,apology 9 a m c>efully elaborat$ =m4 ,= :ile ! ,diet 0 /ill 9 session1 & also aft] ! !ologians _h return$ home1 ,melan*?on 0 con/antly engag$ ^u x1 ca/+ x into an entirely diff]5t mold1 & mak+ x mu* m ext5sive ?an x 0 be=e4 ,:5 ! !ologians _h return$ to ,saxony f ! ,diet1 ,melan*?on1 9 ,spalat9's h\se at ,alt5burg1 ev5 work$ at x on ,sunday1 s t ,lu!r pluck$ ! p5 f 8 h&1 say+ t on ?is day he mu/ re/ f su* "w4 7#a1 #cgg47 ,h[ev]1 s9ce ! fir/ draft 0 pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or on ,septemb] #bb1 & ,melan*?on1 toge!r ) ! ,elector1 left ,augsburg on ! foll[+ day1 x is evid5t t he c\ld n h busi$ himself v mu* ) ! revision ( ! ,apology at ,augsburg4 ,& t ,lu!r1 9 ! ,alt5burg incid5t1 %\ld h put especial /ress on ! ,sunday1 = ?is nei!r ,salig nor ^? :o foll[ him 7e4g41 ,s*aff1 ,cre$s1 #a1 #bdc7 (f] any evid5ce4 ,9 8 ,sev5te5 ,s]mons on ! ,life ( ,lu!r1 ,ma!sius gives ! foll[+ v]sion ( ! incid5t3 ,:5 ,lu!r1 return+ home ) 8 companions f ,coburg1 0 visit+ ,spalat91 & ,philip1 con/antly engross$ 9 ?\ghts conc]n+ ! ,apology1 0 writ+ dur+ ! meal1 he arose & took ! p5 away f him say+3 ',god c be honor$ n alone by "w1 b also by re/ & recreation2 = t reason ,he has giv5 ! ,?ird ,comm&m5t & comm&$ ! ,sabba?4' 7#bdc47 ,?is report ( ,ma!sius c]ta9ly (f]s no gr\nd = a ,puritanic explanation ( ! incid5t 9 ,spalat9's home4 ,orig9ally ,melan*?on does n seem to h contemplat$ a revision on a v l>ge scale4 ,9 ! ,preface1 :i* 0 pr9t$ fir/1 he m]ely rem>ks t he made "s additions 7qua$am adieci7 to ! ,apology drawn up at ,augsburg4 7#aja47 ,evid5tly1 at ! "t :5 he wrote ?is1 he _h no e/imate ( ! proportions ! "w1 :i* grew "u 8 h&s1 w\ld f9ally assume4 ,be=e long also he obta9$ a complete copy ( ! ,confutation4 ,x 0 probably s5t to him f ,nu]nb]g1 ^: delegate _h be5 able to s5d a copy home on ,augu/ #bh1 #aecj4 7,kolde1 #cg47 ,says ,melan*?on 9 ! ,preface to ! ,apology3 ,i h rec5tly se5 ! ,confutation1 & h notic$ h[ cunn+ly & sl&]\sly x 0 writt51 s t on "s po9ts x c\ld deceive ev5 ! cauti\s4 7#aja47 ,eck clamor$ t ! ,confutation _h gott5 into ,melan*?on's h&s 9 a furtive & fraudul5t mann]1 furtim et fraudul5t] ad manus ,melan*?onis e&em p]v5isse4 7,koelln]1 #dbf47 ,! possession ( ! docum5t enabl$ ,melan*?on to deal 9 a reliable mann] ) all que/ions involv$1 & spurr$ him on to d mo/ c>eful & ?or\gh "w4 #ee4 ,completion ( ,apology ,delay$4 ,ow+ to ! fact t ,melan*?on sp5t mu* m "t & labor on ! "w ?an he _h anticipat$ & orig9ally plann$1 ! publication ( ! ,apology 0 unexpect$ly delay$4 ,octob] #a1 #aecj1 ,melan*?on wrote to ,cam]>ius3 ,conc]n+ ! ^w 'liturgy' 9 ! ,apology ,i ask y aga9 & aga9 c>efully to se>* out = me its etymology z well z examples ( its mean+4 ,novemb] #ab1 to ,dietri*3 ,i %all describe !m ! =ms ( ! ,greek mass to ,osi&] z soon z ,i h complet$ ! ,apology1 :i* ,i am n[ hav+ pr9t$ & am endeavor+ to poli%4 ,9 x ,i %all fully expla9 ! mo/ important controv]sies1 :i*1 ,i hope1 w prove pr(itable4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #dch47 ,9 a simil> /ra9 he wrote to ,cam]>ius1 ,novemb] #ah4 7#ddj47 ,janu>y #a1 #aeca1 aga9 to ,cam]>ius3 ,9 ! ,apology ,i exp]i5ce mu* tr\ble ) ! article ( ,ju/ification1 :i* ,i seek to expla9 pr(itably4 7#dgj47 ,febru>y1 #aeca1 to ,br5z3 ,i am at "w on ! ,apology4 ,x w appe> consid]ably augm5t$ & bett] f\nd$4 ,= ?is article1 9 :i* we tea* t m5 are ju/ifi$ by fai? & n by love1 is treat$ exhau/ively4 7#dhd47 ,m>* #g1 to ,cam]>ius3 ,my ,apology is n yet complet$4 ,x gr[s 9 ! writ+4 7#dhf47 ,likewise 9 ,m>*1 to ,baumga]tn]3 ,i h n yet complet$ ! ,apology1 z ,i 0 h9d]$1 n only by illness1 b also by _m o!r matt]s1 :i* int]rupt$ me1 conc]n+ ! syncretism ,buc] is /irr+ up4 7#dhe47 ,m>* #ag1 to ,cam]>ius3 ,my ,apology is mak+ sl[] progress ?an ! matt] calls =4 7#dhh47 ,t[>d ! end ( ,m>*1 to ,baumga]tn]3 ,! ,apology is /ill 9 press2 = ,i am revis+ x entirely & ext5d+ x4 7#dib47 ,april #g1 to ,jonas3 ,9 ! ,apology ,i h complet$ ! article on ,m>riage1 9 :i* ! oppon5ts are *>g$ ) _m real crimes4 7#dic47 ,april #h1 to ,br5z3 ,we h almo/ f9i%$ ! ,apology4 ,i hope x w please y & o!r good p4 7#did47 ,april #aa1 to ,cam]>ius3 ,my ,apology w appe> "o ( ^! days4 ,i %all also see t y receive x4 ,at times ,i h spok5 some:at vehem5tly1 z ,i see t ! oppon5ts despise e m5tion ( peace4 7#die47 ,f9ally1 9 ! middle ( ,april1 to ,buc]3 ,my ,apology has appe>$1 9 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 ,i h treat$ ! articles ( ,ju/ification1 ,rep5tance1 & sev]al o!rs 9 su* a mann] t our oppon5ts w f9d !mselves heavily burd5$4 ,i h said little ( ! ,eu*>i/4 7#dih47 ,^! lett]s %[ t ,melan*?on took p>ticul> pa9s ) ! article ( ,ju/ification1 :i* 0 exp&$ m ?an t5fold4 ,janu>y #ca1 he 0 /ill h>d at "w on ?is article4 ,kolde says3 ,?is 0 due to ! fact t he suppress$ five & "o-half %eets pres]v$ by ,veit ,dietri* treat+ ?is subject because !y 7 n satisfactory to him1 & :ile he at fir/ treat$ ,articles #d to #f toge!r1 he n[ includ$ also ,article #bj1 reca/+ anew ! entire "q ( ! nature ( ju/ification & ! relation ( fai? & good works4 ,illness & important bus9ess1 su* z ! negotiations ) ,buc] on ! ,"l's ,supp]1 br\ght new delays4 ,he also f\nd x necess>y to be m explicit ?an he _h contemplat$4 ,?us x came ab\t t ! "w c\ld fir/ appe>1 toge!r ) ! ,augu/ana1 end ( ,april1 or1 at ! late/1 beg9n+ ( ,may4 7#cg7 ,accord+ to ! resolution ( ! ,diet1 ! ,lu!rans 7 to h decid$ by ,april #ae1 #aeca1 :e!r !y w\ld accept ! ,confutation or n4 ,! answ] ( ! ,lu!rans 0 ! appe>ance1 on ! book/alls1 ( ! ,augu/ana & ! ,apology1 & a few days prior1 ( ,lu!r's ,rem>ks on ! ,alleg$ ,imp]ial ,edict1 ,gloss5 auf das v]me9te kais]li*e ,edikt4 #ef4 ,g]man ,translation by ,jonas4 ,! ,apology 0 writt5 9 ,lat94 ,! editio pr9ceps 9 qu>to ( #aeca conta9$ ! ,g]man & ! ,lat9 texts ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & ! ,lat9 text ( ! ,apology4 ,f ! v beg9n+1 h[ev]1 a ,g]man translation 01 if n begun1 at lea/ plann$4 ,b1 ?\gh ann\nc$ on ! title-page ( ! qu>to edition j ref]r$ to1 x appe>$ six mon?s lat]1 9 ! fall ( #aeca4 ,x 0 ! "w ( ,ju/us ,jonas4 ,! title ( ! edition ( #aeca reads3 ,apologie d] ,konfession1 aus dem ,late9 v]deuts*t dur* ,ju/us ,jonas1 ,witt5b]g4 ,apology ( ! ,confession done into ,g]man f ! ,lat9 by ,ju/us ,jonas1 ,witt5b]g4 ,= a "t ,lu!r also ?\ght ( writ+ a ,g]man ,apology4 ,april #h1 #aeca1 ,melan*?on wrote to ,br5z3 ,lu!rus nunc in/ituit apologiam ,g]manicam4 ,lu!r is n[ prep>+ a ,g]man ,apology4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #did4 #eja47 ,x is1 h[ev]1 h>dly possible t ,lu!r 0 contemplat+ a translation4 ,koelln] comm5ts on ,melan*?on's words3 ,"o c und]/& !m to mean t ,lu!r is work+ on ! ,g]man ,apology4 ,in/ituit1 h[ev]1 seems to indicate an indep5d5t "w r ?an a translation4 ,koe/l9 is ( ! op9ion t ,lu!r ?\ght ( writ+ an ,apology ( 8 own1 because he 0 n entirely satisfi$ ) ,melan*?on's4 7,m>t9 ,lu!r #b1 #chb47 ,h[ev]1 if ?is view is correct1 x c]ta9ly _c apply to ,melan*?on's revis$ ,apology1 to :i* ,lu!r 9 #aecc expressly confess$ himself1 b to ! fir/ draft at ,augsburg1 9 :i*1 e4g41 ! #aj? ,article seems to endorse ! concomitance doctr9e4 7,lehre und ,wehre #aiah1 #che47 ,at all ev5ts1 ,lu!r *ang$ 8 plan :5 ,jonas began ! translation ( ! new ,apology4 ,! translation ( ,jonas is n a lit]al reproduction ( ! ,lat9 orig9al1 b a v]sion ) num]\s indep5d5t amplifications4 ,also ,melan*?on _h a %>e 9 ?is "w4 ,9 a lett] ( ,septemb] #bf1 #aeca1 he says3 ,!y are /ill pr9t+ ! ,g]man ,apology1 ! improvem5ts ( :i* co/ me no little labor4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #edb47 ,! deviations f ! ,lat9 orig9al !re=e mu/ p]haps be trac$ to ,melan*?on r ?an to ,jonas4 ,"s ( !m are due to ! fact t ! translation 0 bas$ 9 "p n on ! text ( ! editio pr9ceps1 b on ! alt]$ ,lat9 octavo edition1 copies ( :i* ,melan*?on 0 able to s5d to 8 fri5ds z e>ly z ,septemb] #ad4 ,see1 = example ! #aj? ,article1 :]e ! ,g]man text foll[s ! octavo edition 9 omitt+ ! quotation f ,!ophylact4 ,! ,g]man text appe>$ also 9 a sep>ate edition1 z we le>n f ! lett] ( ! pr9t] ,rhau to ,/eph5 ,ro? ( ,novemb] #cj1 #aeca3 ,i %all s5d y a ,g]man ,apology1 mo/ beautifully b\nd4 7,kolde1 #ci47 ,g]man translations adh]+ /rictly to ! text ( ! editio pr9ceps are ( a mu* lat] date4 #eg4 ,alt]ations ( ,apology4 ,melan*?on1 :o 0 =ev] *ang+ & improv+1 naturally c\ld n leave ! ,apology z x read 9 ! fir/ edition4 ,?is applies to bo? ! ,g]man & ! ,lat9 text4 ,he 0 ?9k+ ( ! ,lat9 octavo edition :5 he wrote to ,br5z1 ,june #g1 #aeca3 ,! ,apology is n[ be+ pr9t$1 & ,i am at pa9s to make "s po9ts 9 ! article ( ,ju/ification cle>]4 ,x is an extremely great matt]1 9 :i* we mu/ proce$ c>efully t ,*ri/'s honor may be magnifi$4 7#b1 #ejd47 ,! same edition he _h 9 m9d :5 he wrote to ,myconius1 ,june #ad1 #aeca3 ,my ,apology is n[ 9 press1 & ,i am endeavor+ to pres5t ! article ( ,ju/ification ev5 m cle>ly2 = !re are "s ?+s 9 ! solution ( ! argum5ts :i* are n satisfactory to me4 7#ejf47 ,accord+ly1 ?is octavo edition1 ( :i* ,melan*?on 0 able to s5d a copy to ,m>grave ,george on ,septemb] #ad1 reveal$ important alt]ations3 p>tly improvem5ts1 p>tly expansions1 p>tly deletions4 ,! *anges 9 ! #aj? ,article1 already ref]r$ to1 especially ! omission ( ! quotation f ,!ophylact1 attract$ mo/ att5tion4 ,! succe$+ ,lat9 editions likewise reveal$ m9or *anges4 ,! ,apology accompany+ ! ,alt]$ ,augsburg ,confession ( #aedj1 0 designat$ by ,melan*?on himself z dilig5t] recognita1 dilig5tly revis$4 7,c4 ,r4 #bf1 #ceg4 #dai47 ,conc]n+ ! ,g]man ,apology1 ,melan*?on wrote to ,cam]>ius on ,janu>y #a1 #aecc3 ,i h m c>efully treat$ ! ,g]man ,apology & ! article ( ,ju/ification1 & w\ld ask y to exam9e x4 ,if y h se5 my ,romans ,comm5t>y on ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 y w be able to notice h[ exactly & me?odically ,i am endeavor+ to expla9 ?is matt]4 ,i also hope t intellig5t m5 w approve x4 ,= ,i h done ?is 9 ord] to expla9 necess>y matt]s & to cut (f all mann] ( que/ions1 p>tly false1 p>tly useless4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #fbd47 ,ab\t ! same "t he wrote to ,spalat93 ,two articles ,i h reca/ entirely3 ,( ,orig9al ,s9 & ,( ,righte\sness4 ,i ask y to exam9e !m1 & hope t !y w pr(it pi\s consci5ces4 ,= 9 my humble op9ion ,i h mo/ cle>ly pres5t$ ! doctr9e ( ,righte\sness & ask y to write me y\r op9ion4 7#fbe47 ,kolde says ( ?is second revision ( ! ,g]man text ( #aecc3 ,?is edition1 :i* ,melan*?on describ$ z 'dilig5tly am5d$1' is mu* %>p] 9 its tone aga9/ ! ,romani/s ?an ! fir/ & reveals q ext5sive *anges4 ,inde$1 entire articles h be5 remodel$1 su* z ^? ,( ,ju/ification & ,good ,works1 ,( ,rep5tance4 ,( ! ,mass1 & also ! /atem5ts on ,*ri/ian p]fection4 7#da47 ,^! alt]ations 9 ! ,lat9 & ,g]man texts ( ! ,apology1 h[ev]1 d n involve *anges 9 doctr9e1 at lea/ n 9 ! same degree z 9 ! case ( ! ,augu/ana ,v>iata ( #aedj4 ,self-evid5tly1 x 0 ! text ( ! fir/ edition ( ! ,g]man z well z ! ,lat9 ,apology t 0 embodi$ 9 ! ,book ( ,concord4 #eh4 ,purpose1 ,arrangem5t1 & ,"* ( ,apology4 ,! aim ( ! ,apology 0 to %[ :y ! ,lu!rans d n accept ! ,confutation1 & to puncture ! papal boa/ t ! ,augu/ana _h be5 refut$ ) ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,9 its ,preface we read3 ,aft]w>ds a c]ta9 decree 0 publi%$ by ! ,emp]or1 9 :i* ! adv]s>ies boa/ t !y h refut$ our ,confession f ! ,scriptures4 ,y h n[1 !re=e1 read]1 our ,apology1 f :i* y w und]/& n only :at ! adv]s>ies h judg$ 7= we h report$ 9 good fai?71 b also t !y h condemn$ sev]al articles contr>y to ! manife/ ,scripture ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 s f> are !y f ov]?r[+ our propositions by means ( ! ,scriptures4 7#aja47 ,! ,apology is1 on ! "o h&1 a refutation ( ! ,confutation &1 on ! o!r h&1 a def5se & elaboration ( ! ,augu/ana1 pres5t+ !ological pro(s = ! correctness ( its tea*+s4 ,h5ce con/ant ref]5ce is made to ! ,augsburg ,confession z well z ! ,confutation2 & s*ola/ic !ology is discuss$ z well4 ,on ?is acc\nt also ! sequ5ce ( ! articles1 on ! :ole1 agrees ) t ( ! ,augu/ana & ! ,confutation4 ,h[ev]1 articles treat+ ( relat$ doctr9es are collect$ into "o1 e4g41 ,articles #d1 #e1 #f1 & #bj4 ,articles to :i* ! ,romani/s ass5t$ are b briefly t\*$ ^u4 ,only a few ( !m h be5 elaborat$ some:at e4g41 ,( ! ,adoration ( ! ,sa9ts1 ,( ,baptism1 ,( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 ,( ,rep5tance1 ,( ,civil ,gov]nm5t4 ,! f\rte5 articles1 h[ev]1 :i* ! ,confutation reject$ are discuss$ ext5sively1 & furni%$ also ) titles1 9 ! editio pr9ceps z well z 9 ! ,book ( ,concord ( #aehj & #aehd4 ,9 ,muell]'s edition ( ! ,symbolical ,books all articles ( ! ,apology are = ! fir/ "t suppli$ ) numb]s & captions correspond+ ) ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,9 ! ,apology1 j z 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ev]y?+ spr+s f1 & is regulat$ by1 ! fundam5tal ,lu!ran pr9ciple ( ,law & ,gospel1 s9 & grace1 fai? & ju/ification4 ,n only is ! doctr9e ( ju/ification set =? ?or\ghly & com=t+ly 9 a p>ticul> article1 b ?r\gh\t ! discussions x rema9s ! dom9ant note1 its heav5ly /ra9 return+ aga9 & aga9 z ! motif 9 ! gr& symphony ( div9e tru?s--a /ra9 ) :i* ! ,apology also brea!s1 z x 71 its la/1 dep>t+ brea?4 ,= 9 its ,conclusion we read3 ,if all ! sc&als :i*1 accord+ to ! ,papi/s1 result$ f ,lu!r's tea*+ be br\ght toge!r1 /ill ! "o article conc]n+ ! remission ( s9s 7t = ,*ri/'s sake1 ?r\gh fai?1 we freely obta9 ! remission ( s9s7 br+s s mu* good z to hide all evils4 ,& ?is1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,re=mation1 ga9$ = ,lu!r n only our favor1 b also t ( _m :o are n[ cont5d+ aga9/ u4 7#dea47 ,9 ,kolde's op9ion1 ! ,apology is a companion volume1 z x 71 to ,melan*?on's ,loci ,communes1 & a !ological diss]tation r ?an a confession4 ,h[ev]1 !ological ?or\ghness & erudition d n conflict ) ! nature ( a confession z long z x is n m]e cold intellectual reflection & ab/raction1 b ! w>m1 liv+1 & imm$iate language ( ! believ+ he>t4 ,) all its ?or\ghness & erudition ! ,apology is truly edify+1 especially ! ,g]man v]sion4 ,"o _c read )\t be+ t\*$ 9 8 inmo/ he>t1 )\t s5s+ & feel+ some?+ ( ! he>t-beat ( ! ,lu!ran confessors4 ,jacobs1 :o translat$ ! ,apology into ,engli%1 rem>ks3 ,to "o *>g$ ) ! cure ( s\ls ! frequ5t read+ ( ! ,apology is invaluable2 9 _m 7we may say1 9 mo/7 p>ts x is a book ( practical religion4 7,! ,book ( ,concord #b1 #da47 ,! ,apology does n (f] all mann] ( !ories ( idle m9ds1 b liv+ te/imonies ( :at fai?1 :ile /ruggl+ hotly ) ! devil & langui%+ 9 ! fe> ( dea? & ! t]rors ( s9 & ! ,law f\nd & exp]i5c$ 9 ! sweet ,gospel z re/or$ by ,lu!r4 ,9 read+ ! ,apology1 "o c tell f ! words employ$ h[ ,melan*?on liv$1 mov$1 & fairly revel$ 9 ?is bless$ tru? :i* 9 opposition to all hea!n "w-righte\sness tea*es t]rifi$ he>ts to rely solely & alone on grace4 ,9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,lu!ranism 7#b1 #bjf7 ,seck5dorf decl>es t no "o c be truly call$ a !ologian ( our ,*ur* :o has n dilig5tly & repeat$ly read ! ,apology or famili>iz$ himself ) x4 7,salig1 #a1 #cge47 #ei4 ,mod]ate ,tone ( ,apology4 ,! tone ( ! ,apology is mu* %>p] ?an t ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,! situation _h *ang$2 h5ce ! mann] ( deal+ ) ! opposition also *ang$4 ,! ,romani/s _h fully reveal$ !mselves z implacable enemies1 :o absolutely refus$ a peace on ! basis ( tru? & ju/ice4 ,9 ! ,conclusion ( ! ,apology we read3 ,b z to ! want ( unity & diss5sion 9 ! ,*ur*1 x is well kn[n h[ ^! matt]s fir/ happ5$ & :o caus$ ! division namely1 ! sell]s ( indulg5ces1 :o %amefully prea*$ intol]able lies1 & aft]w>ds condemn$ ,lu!r = n approv+ ( ^? lies1 & besides1 !y aga9 & aga9 excit$ m controv]sies1 s t ,lu!r 0 induc$ to attack _m o!r errors4 ,b s9ce our oppon5ts w\ld n tol]ate ! tru?1 & d>$ to promote manife/ errors by =ce x is easy to judge :o is guilty ( ! s*ism4 ,surely1 all ! _w1 all wisdom1 all p[] ought to yield to ,*ri/ & 8 holy ,^w4 ,b ! devil is ! enemy ( ,god1 & !re=e r\ses all 8 might aga9/ ,*ri/ to ext+ui% & suppress ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,!re=e ! devil ) 8 memb]s1 sett+ himself aga9/ ! ,^w ( ,god1 is ! cause ( ! s*ism & want ( unity4 ,= we h mo/ zeal\sly s\ght peace1 & /ill mo/ eag]ly desire x1 provid$ only we are n =c$ to blaspheme & d5y ,*ri/4 ,= ,god1 ! disc]n] ( all m5's he>ts1 is our witness t we d n delight & h no joy 9 ?is awful disunion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 our adv]s>ies h s f> n be5 will+ to conclude peace )\t /ipulat+ t we mu/ ab&on ! sav+ doctr9e ( ! =giv5ess ( s9 by ,*ri/ )\t our m]it1 ?\gh ,*ri/ w\ld be mo/ f\lly blasphem$ !reby4 7#dea47 ,su* be+ ! attitude ( ! ,romani/s1 !re 0 no long] any reason = ,melan*?on to h any special consid]ation = ^! implacable oppon5ts ( ! ,lu!rans & h>d5$ enemies ( ! ,gospel1 ( ! tru?1 & ( religi\s lib]ty & peace4 ,reconciliation ) ,rome 0 out ( ! "q4 ,h5ce he c\ld yield m freely to 8 impulse "h ?an 9 ! ,augu/ana2 = :5 ?is ,confession 0 writt5 an agreem5t 0 n consid]$ impossible4 ,9 a lett] ( ,july #ae1 #aecj1 in=m+ ,lu!r ( ! pasqu9ades deliv]$ to ! ,emp]or1 ,melan*?on decl>$3 ,if an answ] w become necess>y1 ,i %all c]ta9ly remun]ate ^! wret*$1 bloody m54 ,si cont+et1 ut respond5dum sit1 ego pr(ecto remun]abor i/os nef>ios viros sangu9um4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #aig47 ,& :5 ab\t to conclude ! ,apology1 he wrote to ,br5z1 ,april #h1 #aeca3 ,i h entirely laid aside ! mildness :i* ,i =m]ly ex]cis$ t[>d ! oppon5ts4 ,s9ce !y w n employ me z a peacemak]1 b w\ld r h me z _! enemy1 ,i %all d :at ! matt] requires1 & fai?fully def5d our cause4 7#did47 ,b :ile ,melan*?on ca/igates ! papal !ologians1 he sp>es & ev5 def5ds ! ,emp]or4 ,9 ,lu!r's ,rem>ks on ! ,alleg$ ,imp]ial ,edict1 ( #aeca1 we read3 ,i1 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 ,doctor ( ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures & pa/or ( ! ,*ri/ians at ,witt5b]g1 9 publi%+ ^! ,rem>ks1 wi% x to be di/9ctly und]/ood t any?+ ,i am writ+ 9 ?is booklet aga9/ ! alleg$ imp]ial edict or comm& is n to be view$ z writt5 aga9/ 8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y or any high] p[]1 ei!r ( spiritual or civil e/ate4444 ,i d n mean ! pi\s ,emp]or nor ! pi\s lords1 b ! traitors & reprobates 7be !y pr9ces or bi%ops71 & especially t fell[ :om ,/4 ,paul calls ,god's oppon5t 7,i %\ld say ,god's vic>71 ! ar*-knave1 ,pope ,clem5t1 & 8 s]vant ,campegius1 & ! l1 :o plan to c>ry out _! desp]ate1 nef>i\s rogu]y "u ! imp]ial "n1 or1 z ,solomon says1 at c\rt4 7#af1 #afff47 ,lu!r !n cont9ues to condemn ! ,diet 9 unqualifi$ t]ms4 ,:at a disgraceful ,diet1 says he1 ! l ( :i* 0 nev] held & nev] he>d (1 & nev]more %all be held or he>d (1 on acc\nt ( 8 disgraceful action6 ,x _c b rema9 an et]nal blot on all pr9ces & ! entire empire1 & makes all ,g]mans blu% be=e ,god & all ! _w4 ,b he cont9ues exon]at+ & excus+ ! ,emp]or3 ,let no "o tremble on acc\nt ( ?is edict :i* !y s %amefully inv5t & publi% 9 ! "n ( ! pi\s ,emp]or4 ,& %\ld !y n publi% _! lies 9 ! "n ( a pi\s ,emp]or1 :5 _! entire blasphem\s1 abom9able affair 0 begun & ma9ta9$ = ov] six hundr$ ye>s 9 ! "n ( ,god & ! ,holy ,*ur*8 7#af1 #afcd47 ,9 a simil> mann] ,melan*?on1 too1 treats ! ,emp]or4 ,he calls him optimum imp]atorem1 & speaks ( ! ,emp]or's mo/ g5tle disposition1 mansuetissimum ,caes>is pectus1 :i* ,eck & 8 p>ty 7 seek+ to incite to blood%$4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #aig47 ,9 ! ,preface he says3 ,& n[ ,i h writt5 ) ! greate/ mod]ation possible2 & if any expression appe>s too sev]e1 ,i mu/ say "h be=eh& t ,i am cont5d+ ) ! !ologians & monks :o wrote ! ,confutation1 & n ) ! ,emp]or or ! pr9ces1 :om ,i hold 9 due e/eem4 7#aja47 ,9 ,article #bc ,melan*?on ev5 rises to ! apo/rophe3 ,& ^! _! lu/s !y ask y to def5d ) y\r *a/e "r h&1 ,emp]or ,*>les 7:om ev5 c]ta9 anci5t pr$ictions "n z ! k+ ( mode/ face2 = ! say+ appe>s conc]n+ y3 ',"o mode/ 9 face %all reign ev]y:]e'74 7#cfc47 ,! ,confutators1 h[ev]1 ! av[$ enemies ( tru? & peace1 7 sp>$ no long]4 ,^u !m ,melan*?on n[ p\rs out ! lye ( bitt] scorn4 ,he excoriates !m z desp]ate sophi/s1 :o malici\sly int]pret ! holy ,gospel accord+ to _! dreams1 & z co>se1 sluggi%1 inexp]i5c$ !ologians4 ,he d5\nces !m z m5 :o = ! great] "p d n "k :]e( !y speak1 & :o d>e to de/roy ?is doctr9e ( fai? ) fire & sword1 etc4 ,occasionally ,melan*?on ev5 loses 8 dignifi$ composure4 ,article #f we read3 ,quis docuit illos as9os hanc dialecticam8 ,article #i3 ,videant i/i as9i4 ,9 8 book ( #aecd aga9/ ! ,apology1 ,co*laeus compla9s t ! y\?ful ,melan*?on call$ old prie/s asses1 sycophants1 w9dbags1 godless sophi/s1 wor?less hypocrites1 etc4 ,9 ! m>g9 he _h writt53 ,fi]ce & vici\s he is1 a b>k+ dog t[>d ^? :o are abs5t1 b to ^? :o 7 pres5t at ,augsburg1 ,philip 0 m g5tle ?an a pup4 ,f]ox et mordax e/1 latrator 9 abs5tes1 praes5tes erat ,augu/ae omni catello bl&ior ,philippus4 7,salig1 #a1 #cgg47 ,on ?is score1 h[ev]1 ,co*laeus & 8 papal compe]s _h no reason to compla91 = !y _h prov$ to be pa/ ma/]s 9 vilify+ & sl&]+ ! ,lu!rans1 z well z implacable enemies1 satisfi$ ) no?+ %ort ( _! blood & utt] de/ruction4 ,z a sample ( _! scurrility ,w4 ,wal!r quotes ! foll[+ f a book writt5 by ,duke ,george ( ,saxony3 ,er ,lu!r i/ gewiss mit dem ,teufel besess51 mit d] ganz5 ,legion1 wel*e ,*ri/us von d5 ,besess55 au/rieb und erlaubte ihn51 9 die ,s*we9e zu fahr54 ,diese ,legion hat dem ,lu!r se95 ,mo5*s*a$el hirnwuetig und wirbelsue*tig gema*t4 ,du unruhig]1 treulos] und me9eidig] ,kutt5bube6 ,du bi/ alle9 d] groes/e1 groeb/e ,esel und ,n>r1 du v]flu*t] ,apo/at6 ,hi]aus kann ma5nigli* abnehm5 die ,v]raet]ei und ,fals*heit de9es blutdu]/ig5 ,h]z5s1 ra*gi]ig5 ,gemuets und teuflis*5 ,will5s1 s du1 ,lu!r1 geg5 de95 ,nae*/5 tob5d1 als e9 to]i*t] ,hund mit (f5em ,maul ohne ,unt]lass wage/4 ,du treulos] ,bube und teuflis*] ,mo5*6 ,du dekl>i]t] ,mameluck & v]dammt] ,zwi$>m1 d]5 neun e95 ,pickh>d5 gelt54 ,i* sage vornehmli*1 dass du selb/ d] all] unv]/a5dig/e ,bac*ant und zehnecki*te ,cornut und ,be/ia bi/4 ,du me9eidig]1 treulos] und ehr5bloss] ,fleis*boesewi*t6 ,pfui di* nun1 du sakrilegis*]1 d] ausgelauf55 ,mo5*e und ,nonn51 d] abfaellig5 ,pfaff5 und all] ,abtru5nig5 ,hur5wirt6 ,ei1 ,doktor ,s*&lu!r6 ,me9 ,doktor ,erzesel1 i* w dir's prophezeit hab51 d] allmae*tige ,gott wird dir ku]zli* die ,s*anze bre*5 und de9] bo%aftig/51 groeb/5 ,eselheit ,fei]ab5d geb54 ,du ,sauboze1 ,doktor ,sautrog6 ,doktor ,eselsohr6 ,doktor ,filzhut6 ,zweiundsiebzig ,teufel soll5 di* leb5dig 9 d5 ,abgrund d] ,hoelle fuehr54 ,i* w ma*51 dass du als e9 ,hoell5hund soll/ ,feu] aussprueh5 und di* endli* selb/ v]br5n54 ,i* w di* dem wuet5ig5 ,teufel und se9] ,hur5mutt] mit e9em blutig5 ,kopf 9 d5 ,abgrund d] ,hoelle s*ick54 7,lu!rs ,*>akt]1 #adh47 ,despite ! occasional asp]ity ref]r$ to1 ! ,apology1 z a :ole1 is writt5 ) mode/y & mod]ation4 ,melan*?on s\ght to keep ! track z cle> z possible = a future und]/&+4 ,9 ! int]e/ ( unity1 :i* he nev] lo/ sight ( entirely1 he 0 cons]vative & n dispos$ ne$lessly to wid5 ! exi/+ gulf4 ,9 ! ,preface to ! ,apology he decl>es3 ,x has always be5 my cu/om 9 ^! controv]sies to reta91 s f> z ,i 0 at all able1 ! =m ( ! cu/om>ily receiv$ doctr9e1 9 ord] t at "s "t concord c\ld be rea*$ ! m readily4 ,nor1 inde$1 am ,i n[ dep>t+ f> f ?is cu/om1 al?\gh ,i c\ld ju/ly lead away ! m5 ( ?is age /ill f>!r f ! op9ions ( ! adv]s>ies4 7#aja47 ,?is ir5ic feature is p]haps mo/ prom95t 9 ! #aj? ,article1 ,( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 :]e ,melan*?on1 9 ord] to satisfy ! oppon5ts z to ! or?odoxy ( ! ,lu!rans 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,real ,pres5ce1 emphasizes ! agreem5t 9 su* a mann] t he has be5 misund]/ood z endors+ also ! ,romi% doctr9e ( ,transub/antiation4 #fj4 ,symbolical ,au?ority ( ,apology4 ,! great importance ascrib$ to ! ,apology appe>s bo? f its num]\s repr9ts & ! /r5u\s endeavors ( ! oppon5ts to oppose x ) books1 :i*1 h[ev]1 no "o 0 will+ to pr9t4 ,! reception accord$ x by ! ,lu!rans is describ$ 9 a lett] :i* ,laz>us ,sp5gl] s5t to ,veit ,dietri* ,may #ag3 ,we h receiv$ ! ,apology ) ! greate/ joy & 9 good hope t x w be productive ( mu* pr(it among our po/]ity4 ,br5z decl>es x wor?y ( ! canon wor?y ( symbolical au?ority3 ,apologiam1 me iudice1 canone dignam 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #eaj71 a phrase :i* ,lu!r _h previ\sly appli$ to ,melan*?on's ,loci4 ,! joy ( ! ,lu!rans 0 equal$ only by ! con/]nation ( _! enemies4 ,! appe>ance ( ! ,apology surpris$ & p]turb$ !m4 ,!y ke5ly felt t !y 7 aga9 discr$it$ 9 ! public op9ion & _h be5 outwitt$ by ! ,lu!rans4 ,on ,novemb] #ai ,alb]t ( ,may5ce s5t a copy ( ! ,apology to ! ,emp]or 9 ord] to %[ him h[ ! ,ca?olic religion 0 be+ de/roy$ :ile ! ,confutation rema9$ unpubli%$4 ,co*laeus compla9$ t to judge f lett]s receiv$1 ! ,apology f\nd approval ev5 9 ,rome1 :]eas no pr9t] c\ld be f\nd = ,ca?olic replies to ! ,apology4 ,he wrote3 ,meantime1 :ile we keep sil5ce1 !y flaunt ! ,apology & o!r writ+s1 & n only insult u1 b cause our p & cities to d\bt & to gr[ un/able 9 ! fai?4 7,kolde1 #dj47 ,! ,apology1 z revis$ & publi%$ by ,melan*?on1 0 a private "w4 ,8 "n1 !re=e1 appe>$ on ! title-page ( ! edition ( #aeca1 :i* 0 n ! case ) respect to ! ,confession & ,apology pres5t$ at ,augsburg4 ,! latt] 7 (ficial docum5ts1 drawn up by ord] ( ! ,lu!ran pr9ces & e/ates1 :ile ! revis$ ,apology 0 an und]tak+ = :i* ,melan*?on _h receiv$ no commission4 ,accord+ly1 z he 0 n ju/ifi$ 9 publi%+ a "w ( 8 own "u ! "n ( ! pr9ces1 !re 0 no?+ else = him to d ?an to affix 8 own signature4 ,9 ! ,preface to ! ,apology he says3 ,z x pass$ ?r\gh ! press1 ,i made "s additions4 ,!re=e ,i give my "n1 s t no "o c compla9 t ! book has be5 publi%$ anonym\sly4 7#ajj47 ,melan*?on did n wi% to make any "o beside himself responsible = ! cont5ts ( ! revis$ ,apology4 ,be=e long1 h[ev]1 ! ,apology receiv$ (ficial recognition4 ,at ,s*we9furt1 #aecb1 9 opposition to ! ,papi/s1 ! ,lu!rans appeal$ to ! ,augu/ana & ,apology z ! confession ( _! fai?1 designat+ ! latt] z ! def5se & explanation ( ! ,confession4 ,& :5 ! ,papi/s advanc$ ! claim t ! ,lu!rans _h gone f>!r 9 ! ,apology ?an 9 ! ,augu/ana1 &1 ,april #aa1 #aecb1 dem&$ t !y abide by ! ,augu/ana1 refra9 f mak+ ! ,apology _! confession1 & accord+ly sub/itute ,ass]tion = ! title ,apology1 ! ,lu!rans1 consid]+ ! ,apology to be ! adequate expression ( _! fai?1 insi/$ on ! orig9al title4 ,april #ag !y decl>$3 ,?is book 0 call$ ,apology because x 0 pres5t$ to ,caes> aft] ! ,confession2 nor c\ld !y suff] its doctr9e & ! ,^w ( ,god to be b\nd & limit$1 or _! prea*]s re/rict$ to tea* no?+ else ?an ! lett] ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ?us mak+ x impossible = !m to rebuke freely & mo/ fully all doctr9al errors1 abuses1 s9s1 & crimes4 ,nom9atum fuisse ,apologiam scriptum illud1 quod ,caes>i po/ ,confessionem exhibitum sit1 neque se pati posse1 ut doctr9a sua et ,v]bum ,dei congu/etur1 imm9uatur et concionatores a/r+antur1 ut nihil aliud pra$ic5t quam ad litt]am ,augu/anae ,confessionis1 neque lib]e et pl5issime adv]sus omnes errores doctr9ae1 abusus1 peccata et crim9a dic]e poss9t4 ,h]eupon ! ,romani/s1 on ,april #bb1 dem&$ t at lea/ a qualify+ explanation be add$ to ! title ,apology4 ,brueck answ]$ on ! #bc;d3 ,x is n possible to omit ?is ^w4 ,! ,apology is ! correlate ( ! ,confession4 ,/ill ! pr9ces & _! associates d n wi% any articles taught o!r ?an ^? :i* h s f> begun to be discuss$4 ,omitti i/ud v]bum non posse2 ,apologiam esse correlatum ,confessionis2 nolle tam5 ,pr9cipes et socios1 ut alii articuli doc]5tur quam huiusque tract>i coepti s9t4 7,koelln]1 #dcj47 ,9 8 ,lett] ( ,com=t1 #aecc1 to ! ,leipzig ,lu!rans bani%$ by ,duke ,george1 ,lu!r says3 ,!re is our ,confession & ,apology4444 ,adh]e to our ,confession & ,apology4 7#aj1 #aief47 ,memb]%ip 9 ! ,smalcald ,league 0 condition$ on accept+ ! ,apology z well z ! ,augu/ana4 ,bo? 7 also subscrib$ to 9 ! ,witt5b]g ,concord ( #aecf4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #gf47 ,9 #aecg1 at ,smalcald1 ! ,apology 7toge!r ) ! ,augu/ana & ! ,app5dix ,conc]n+ ! ,primacy ( ! ,pope7 01 by ord] ( ! ,evangelical e/ates1 subscrib$ by all ( ! !ologians pres5t1 & !reby solemnly decl>$ a confession ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,9 #aeci ,d5m>k reckon$ ! ,apology among ! books :i* pa/ors 7 requir$ to adopt4 ,9 #aedj x 0 pres5t$ toge!r ) ! ,augu/ana at ,worms4 ,x 0 also receiv$ into ! v>i\s corpora doctr9ae4 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord adopts ! ,apology1 say+3 ,we unanim\sly confess ?is ,apology also1 because n only is ! said ,augsburg ,confession expla9$ 9 x z mu* z is necess>y & gu>d$ aga9/ ! sl&]s ( ! adv]s>ies1 b also prov$ by cle>1 irrefutable te/imonies ( ,holy ,scripture4 7#hec1 #f47 ,,vii4 ,smalcald ,articles & ,tract conc]n+ ,p[] & ,primacy ( ,pope4 #fa4 ,g5]al ,c\ncil ,dem&$ by ,lu!rans4 ,9 ord] to settle ! religi\s controv]sy betwe5 !mselves & ! ,papi/s1 ! ,lu!rans1 f ! v beg9n+1 ask$ = a g5]al c\ncil4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ye>s ?is dem& became increas+ly frequ5t & insi/5t4 ,x 0 solemnly r5ew$ 9 ! ,preface ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,! ,emp]or _h repeat$ly promis$ to summon a c\ncil4 ,at ,augsburg he r5ew$ ! promise ( conv5+ x )9 a ye>4 ,! ,roman ,curia1 h[ev]1 dissa/isfi$ ) ! arrangem5ts made at ! ,diet1 f\nd ways & means ( delay+ x4 ,9 #aecb1 ! ,emp]or proce$$ to ,bologna1 :]e he negotiat$ ) ,clem5t ,,vii conc]n+ ! matt]1 z appe>s f ! imp]ial & papal proclamations ( ,janu>y #h & #aj1 #aecc1 respectively4 ,z a result1 ! ,pope1 9 #aecc1 s5t ,hugo ,rangon1 bi%op ( ,resz1 to ,g]many1 to propose t ! c\ncil be held at ,plac5tia1 ,bologna1 or ,mantua4 ,clem5t1 h[ev]1 0 n s9c]e 9 mak+ ?is (f]4 ,9 reality he 0 oppos$ to hold+ a c\ncil4 ,su* 7 probably also ! real s5tim5ts ( 8 successor1 ,paul ,,iii4 ,b :5 ! ,emp]or :o1 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 sweep+ _w policy1 0 anxi\s to dispose ( ! religi\s controv]sy1 r5ew$ 8 pressure1 ,paul f9ally f\nd himself compell$ to yield4 ,june #d #aecf1 he issu$ a bull convok+ a g5]al c\ncil to meet at ,mantua1 ,may #h1 #aecg4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 0 said ab\t ! pr9ciples accord+ to :i* x 0 to be =m$ & by :i* x %\ld be gov]n$ 9 transact+ its bus9ess4 ,self-evid5tly1 !n1 ! rules ( ! =m] c\ncils 7 to be appli$4 ,its decl>$ purpose 0 ! peace ( ! ,*ur* ?r\gh ! ext9ction ( h]esy4 ,9 ! ,bull ,conc]n+ ! ,re=ms ( ! ,roman ,c\rt1 :i* ! ,pope issu$ ,septemb] #bc1 he expressly decl>$ t ! purpose ( ! c\ncil w\ld be ! utt] extirpation ( ! poison\s1 pe/il5tial ,lu!ran h]esy4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #aiad47 ,?us ! "q confront+ ! ,prote/ants 01 :e!r !y c\ld risk to appe> at su* a c\ncil1 & ought to d s1 or :e!r 7& h[7 !y %\ld decl9e to att5d4 ,lu!r1 inde$1 /ill desir$ a c\ncil4 ,b aft] #aecj he no long] put any confid5ce 9 a c\ncil conv5$ by ! ,pope1 al?\gh1 = 8 p]son1 he did n refuse to att5d ev5 su* a c\ncil4 ,?is appe>s also f 8 conv]sation1 ,novemb] #g1 #aece1 ) ! papal legate ,pet] ,paul ,v]g]ius 7born #adig2 accus$ ( ,lu!ranism #aedf2 depriv$ ( 8 bi%opric #aedi2 def5d+ ,prote/antism aft] #aeej2 employ$ by ,duke ,*ri/oph ( ,wu]ttemb]g #aeec2 di$ #aefd47 ,koe/l9 writes3 ,lu!r relates h[ he _h told ! legate3 ',ev5 if y d call a c\ncil1 y w n treat ( salut>y doctr9e1 sav+ fai?1 etc41 b ( useless matt]s1 su* z laws conc]n+ meats1 ! l5g? ( prie/'s g>m5ts1 ex]cises ( monks1 etc4' ,:ile he 0 ?us dilat+1 says ,lu!r1 ! legate1 hold+ 8 head 9 8 h&1 turn$ to a ne>-by companion & said3 ',he /rikes ! nail on ! head1' ,! fur!r utt]ances ( ,lu!r3 ',we d n ne$ a c\ncil = ourselves & our adh]5ts1 = we already h ! firm ,evangelical doctr9e & ord]2 ,*ri/5dom1 h[ev]1 ne$s x1 9 ord] t ^? :om error /ill holds captive may be able to di/+ui% betwe5 error & tru?1' appe>$ utt]ly intol]able to ,v]g]ius1 z he himself relates4 ,he reg>d$ !m z unhe>d-( arrogance4 ,by way ( answ]1 he ask$1 :e!r1 inde$ ! ,*ri/ian m5 assembl$ f all p>ts ( ! _w1 ^u :om1 )\t d\bt1 ! ,holy ,_s desc5ds1 mu/ only decide :at ,lu!r approv$ (4 ,boldly & angrily int]rupt+ him ,lu!r said3 ',yes1 ,i w come to ! c\ncil & lose my head if ,i %all n def5d my doctr9e aga9/ all ! _w2' fur!rmore he exclaim$3 ',?is wra? ( my m\? is n my wra?1 b ! wra? ( ,god4' ,v]g]ius rejoic$ to he> t ,lu!r 0 p]fectly will+ to come to ! c\ncil2 =1 s he wrote to ,rome1 he ?\ght t no?+ m 0 ne$$ to break ! c\rage ( ! h]etics ?an ! c]ta9 prospect ( a c\ncil1 & at ! same "t he believ$ t 9 ,lu!r's ass5t he he>d ! decision ( 8 ma/]1 ! ,elector1 also4 ,lu!r decl>$ t x 0 immat]ial to him :]e ! c\ncil w\ld meet1 at ,mantua1 ,v]ona1 or at any o!r place4 ,v]g]ius cont9u$3 ',are y will+ to come to ,bologna8' ,lu!r3 ',to :om does ,bologna belong8' ,v]g]ius3 ',to ! ,pope4' ,lu!r3 ',good ,"l1 has ?is t[n1 too1 be5 grabb$ by ! ,pope8 ,v well1 ,i %all come to y !re4' ,v]g]ius3 ',! ,pope w probably n refuse to come to y at ,witt5b]g ei!r1' ,lu!r3 ',v well1 let him come2 we %all look = him ) pleasure4' ,v]g]ius3 ',d y expect him to come ) an army or )\t weapons8' ,lu!r3 ',z he pleases1 9 :atsoev] mann] he may come1 we %all expect him & %all receive him4'--,lu!r & ,bug5hag5 rema9$ ) ,v]g]ius until he dep>t$ ) 8 tra9 ( att5dants4 ,aft] m\nt+1 he said once m to ,lu!r3 ',see t y be prep>$ = ! c\ncil4' ,lu!r answ]$3 ',yes1 sir1 ) ?is my neck & head4' 7,m>t9 ,lu!r #b1 #chb sq47 #fb4 ,lu!r's ,views ,reg>d+ ! ,c\ncil4 ,:at ,lu!r's attitude t[>d a g5]al c\ncil 0 9 #aecg is express$ 9 ! ,preface to ! ,smalcald ,articles z foll[s3 ,b to return to ! subject4 ,i v]ily desire to see a truly ,*ri/ian c\ncil1 9 ord] t _m matt]s & p]sons might be help$4 ,n t we ne$ x1 = our *ur*es are n[ ?r\gh ,god's grace1 s enlight5$ & equipp$ ) ! pure ,^w & "r use ( ! ,sacram5ts1 ) k ( ! v>i\s call+s & ( "r works t we on our "p ask = no c\ncil1 & on su* po9ts h no?+ bett] to hope or expect f a c\ncil4 ,b we see 9 ! bi%oprics ev]y:]e s _m p>i%es vacant & desolate t "o's he>t w\ld break1 & yet nei!r ! bi%ops nor canons c>e h[ ! poor p live or die1 = :om nev]!less ,*ri/ has di$1 & :o are n p]mitt$ to he> ,him speak ) !m z ! true ,%eph]d ) ,8 %eep4 ,?is causes me to %udd] & fe> t at "s "t he may s5d a c\ncil ( angels ^u ,g]many utt]ly de/roy+ u1 l ,sodom & ,gomorrah1 because we s wantonly mock ,him ) ! c\ncil4 7#deg47 ,f a popi% c\ncil ,lu!r expect$ no?+ b condemnation ( ! tru? & its confessors4 ,at ! same "t he 0 conv9c$ t ! ,pope w\ld nev] p]mit a truly free1 ,*ri/ian c\ncil to assemble4 ,he _h f\nd him out & knew t ! ,pope w\ld see all ,*ri/5dom p]i% & all s\ls damn$ r ?an suff] ei!r himself or 8 adh]5ts to be re=m$ ev5 a little1 & 8 tyranny to be limit$4 7#dee7 ,= ) !m consci5ce is no?+1 b money1 honors1 p[]1 are ev]y?+4 7#dee4 #dgg47 ,! ,second ,"p ( 8 ,articles ,lu!r concludes z foll[s3 ,9 ^! f\r articles !y w h en\gh to condemn 9 ! c\ncil4 ,= !y _c & w n conc$e to u ev5 ! lea/ po9t 9 "o ( ^! articles4 ,( ?is we %\ld be c]ta91 & animate ourselves ) ! hope t ,*ri/1 our ,"l1 has attack$ ,8 adv]s>y1 & ,he w press ! attack home bo? by ,8 ,_s & com+4 ,am54 ,= 9 ! c\ncil we w /& n be=e ! ,emp]or or ! political magi/rate1 z at ,augsburg 7:]e ! ,emp]or publi%$ a mo/ graci\s edict1 & caus$ matt]s to be he>d k9dly71 b be=e ! ,pope & devil himself1 :o int5ds to li/5 to no?+1 b m]ely to condemn1 to murd]1 & to =ce u to idolatry4 ,!re=e we ought n "h to kiss 8 feet or to say1 ',?\ art my graci\s "l1' b z ! angel 9 ,ze*>iah #c1 #b said to ,satan1 ,! ,"l rebuke !e1 ,o ,satan4 7#dge47 ,h5ce 8 ,preface also concludes ) ! pla9t & pray]3 ,o ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 d ,?\ ,?yself convoke a c\ncil1 & deliv] ,?y s]vants by ,?y glori\s adv5t6 ,! ,pope & 8 adh]5ts are done =1 !y w h none ( ,!e4 ,d ,?\1 !n1 help u1 :o are poor & ne$y1 :o sigh to ,!e1 & besee* ,!e e>ne/ly1 accord+ to ! grace :i* ,?\ ha/ giv5 u1 ?r\gh ,?y ,holy ,gho/1 :o live? & reigne? ) ,!e & ! ,fa!r1 bless$ =ev]4 ,am54 7#dei47 #fc4 ,elector ,oppos$ to ,he>+ ,papal ,legate4 ,f ! v beg9n+1 ,elector ,john ,fr$]ick 0 oppos$ to a c\ncil4 ,& ! "q :i* p>ticul>ly engag$ 8 att5tion 01 :e!r ! ,lu!rans %\ld receive & he> ! papal legate :o w\ld deliv] ! invitation4 ,accord+ly1 on ,july #bd1 ! ,elector came to ,witt5b]g & ?r\gh ,brueck deliv]$ f\r 7five7 articles to ! local !ologians & juri/s = consid]ation ) in/ructions to submit _! answ] 9 writ+4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #aai47 ,augu/ #a1 ,melan*?on wrote to ,jonas3 ,rec5tly ! ,pr9ce 0 "h & dem&$ an op9ion f all !ologians & juri/s4444 ,x is rumor$ t a c>d9al-legate w come to ,g]many to ann\nce ! c\ncil4 ,! ,pr9ce is !re=e inquir+ :at to answ]1 & "u :at condition ! synod might be p]mitt$4 7#ajf47 ,! articles :i* ,brueck pres5t$ dealt ma9ly ) ! que/ions3 :e!r1 9 view ( ! fact t ! ,pope is a p>ty to ! issue & 8 au?ority to conv5e a c\ncil is que/ion$1 ! legate %\ld be he>d1 especially if ! ,emp]or did n s5d a mess5g] along ) him1 :e!r "o w\ld n already submit himself to ! ,pope by he>+ ! legate2 :e!r "o ought n to prote/1 because ! ,pope alone _h summon$ ! c\ncil2 & :at %\ld be done 9 case ! legate w\ld summon ! ,elector z a p>ty1 & n = consultation1 l ! o!r e/ates4 7#aai;f47 ,9 ! prep>ation ( _! answ]1 ! ,elector desir$ ! ,witt5b]g s*ol>s to take into c>eful consid]ation also 8 own view ( ! matt]1 :i* he p]si/5tly def5d$ z ! only correct "o4 ,= ?is purpose he transmitt$ to !m an op9ion ( 8 own on ,brueck's articles ref]r$ to 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph4 ,9 x he ma9ta9$ t ! papal invitation mu/ be decl9$1 because acceptance involv$ ! recognition ( ! ,pope z ! head ( ! ,*ur* & ( ! c\ncil4 ,accord+ to ! ,elector ! prop] c\rse = ! ,lu!ran conf$]ates w\ld be to in=m ! legate1 imm$iately on 8 arrival 9 ,g]many1 t !y w\ld nev] submit to ! au?ority :i* ! ,pope _h arrogat$ to himself 9 8 proclamation1 s9ce ! p[] he assum$ 0 nei!r m nor less ?an abom9able tyranny2 t !y c\ld n consid] ! ,pope z diff]+ f1 or give him great] honor ?an1 any o!r ord9>y bi%op2 t1 besides1 !y mu/ reg>d ! ,pope z _! greate/ enemy & oppon5t2 t he _h arrang$ = ! c\ncil ) ! s9i/] object ( ma9ta9+ 8 anti*ri/ian p[] & suppress+ ! holy ,gospel1 t !re 0 no ne$ ( he>+ ! legate any fur!r1 s9ce ! ,pope1 :o 0 suffici5tly in=m$ z to _! tea*+1 c>$ nei!r = ,scripture nor = law & ju/ice1 & m]ely wi%$ to be _! judge & "l2 t1 9 public pr9t1 !y w\ld unmask ! rogu]y ( ! ,pope1 & %[ t he _h no au?ority :atev] to convoke a c\ncil1 b1 at ! same "t1 decl>e _! will+ness to take "p 91 & submit _! doctr9e to1 a free1 common1 ,*ri/ian1 & imp>tial c\ncil1 :i* w\ld judge accord+ to ! ,scriptures4 ,nor did ! ,elector fail to /ress ! po9t t1 by att5d+ at ,mantua1 ! ,lu!rans w\ld de facto waive _! =m] dem& t ! c\ncil mu/ be held on ,g]man soil4 7#ii;ff47 #fd4 ,elector ,imbu$ ) ,lu!r's ,_s4 ,evid5tly1 ! ,elector _h no desire ( engag+ once m 9 diplomatic juggl]y1 su* z _h be5 indulg$ 9 at ,augsburg4 ,& at ,smalcald1 despite ! oppos+ advice ( ! !ologians1 8 views prevail$1 to ! sorr[ ( ,melan*?on1 z appe>s f ! latt]'s compla9t to ,cam]>ius1 ,m>* #a1 #afcg4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #bic47 ,! ,elector 0 ?or\ghly imbu$ ) ! _s ( ,lu!r1 :o nev] felt m antagoni/ic t[>d ,rome ?an at ,smalcald1 al?\gh1 z %[n above1 he 0 p]sonally will+ to appe> at ! c\ncil1 ev5 if held at ,mantua4 ,?is _s ( bold defiance appe>s f ! articles :i* ,lu!r wrote = ! conv5tion1 notably f ! article on ! ,papacy & on ! ,mass4 ,9 ! latt] he decl>es3 ,z ,campegius said at ,augsburg t he w\ld be torn to pieces be=e he w\ld rel9qui% ! ,mass1 s1 by ! help ( ,god1 ,i1 too1 w\ld suff] myself to be r$uc$ to a%es be=e ,i w\ld all[ a hirel+ ( ! ,mass1 be he good or bad1 to be made equal to ,*ri/ ,jesus1 my ,"l & ,savior1 or to be exalt$ above ,him4 ,?us we are & rema9 et]nally sep>at$ & oppos$ to "o ano!r4 ,!y feel well en\gh t :5 ! ,mass falls1 ! ,papacy lies 9 ru9s4 ,be=e !y w p]mit ?is to occur1 !y w put u all to dea? if !y c4 7#dfe47 ,9 ! ,pope1 ,lu!r _h recogniz$ ! ,anti*ri/2 & ! idea ( treat+1 seek+ an agreem5t1 & mak+ a compromise ) ! enemy ( 8 ,savior1 0 intol]able to him4 ,at ,smalcald1 :ile suff]+ excruciat+ pa91 he decl>$1 ,i %all die z ! enemy ( all enemies ( my ,"l ,*ri/4 ,:5 seat$ 9 ! wagon1 & ready to leave ,smalcald1 he made ! sign ( ! cross ov] ^? :o /ood ab\t him & said3 ,may ! ,"l fill y ) ,8 bless+ & ) hatr$ aga9/ ! ,pope6 ,believ+ t 8 end 0 n f> remov$1 he _h *os5 z 8 epitaph3 ,liv+1 ,i 0 ?y pe/2 dy+1 ,i %all be ?y dea?1 ,o ,pope6 ,pe/is eram vivus1 mori5s ero mors tua1 ,papa6 ,! same _s ( bold defiance & det]m9ation n to compromise ! div9e tru? 9 any way animat$ ! ,elector & practically all ( ! pr9ces & !ologians at ,smalcald1 )1 p]haps1 ! sole exception ( ,melan*?on4 ,koe/l9 writes3 ,mean:ile ! allies at ,smalcald display$ no lack ( 'hatr$ aga9/ ! ,pope4' ,8 lett]s1 deliv]$ by ! legate1 7 return$ unop5$4 ,!y decid$ly refus$ to take "p 9 ! c\ncil1 & t 9 spite ( ! op9ion ( _! !ologians1 ^: reasons ,melan*?on aga9 ard5tly def5d$4 ,=1 z !y decl>$ 9 an explanation to all ,*ri/ian rul]s1 !y c\ld n submit to a c\ncil :i*1 accord+ to ! papal proclamation1 0 convok$ to eradicate ! ,lu!ran h]esy1 w\ld consi/ only ( bi%ops1 :o 7 b\nd to ! ,pope by an oa?1 h z its presid+ (fic] ! ,pope1 :o himself 0 a p>ty to ! matt]1 & w\ld n decide freely accord+ to ! ,^w ( ,god1 b accord+ to human & papal decrees4 ,& f ! legal /&po9t !y c\ld h>dly act diff]5tly4 ,!ologians l ,lu!r c\ld h appe>$ ev5 be=e su* a c\ncil 9 ord] to give bold te/imony be=e x4 ,pr9ces1 h[ev]1 ! repres5tatives ( ! law & protectors ( ! ,*ur*1 d>$ n ev5 create ! appe>ance ( ackn[l$g+ its legality4 7#b1 #djb47 #fe4 ,op9ion ( ,!ologians4 ,augu/ #f ! ,witt5b]g pr(essors assembl$ to delib]ate on ,brueck's articles & ! views ( ! ,elector4 ,! op9ion resolv$ ^u 0 drawn up by ,melan*?on4 ,its cont5ts may be summ>iz$ z foll[s3 ,! ,lu!rans mu/ n reject ! papal invitation be=e he>+ :e!r ! legate comes ) a citation or an invitation4 ,9 case !y 7 invit$ l ! re/ ( ! pr9ces to take "p 9 ! delib]ations1 & n cit$ z a p>ty1 ?is w\ld mean a concession on ! "p ( ! ,pope1 inasmu* z he !reby cons5t$ t ! op9ion ( our graci\s ,"l ! ,elector %\ld be he>d & h weight1 l t ( ! o!r e/ates4 ,fur!rmore1 by su* invitation ! ,pope w\ld indicate t he did n consid] ^! pr9ces to be h]etics4 ,if ! legate 7 rebuff$ ! ,romani/s w\ld proce$ aga9/ ! ,lu!rans z ob/9ate s9n]s 7contumaces7 & condemn !m unhe>d1 :i*1 z is well kn[n1 w\ld please ! enemies be/4 ,! ,lu!rans w\ld !n also be sl&]$ be=e ! ,emp]or z despis]s ( ,8 ,maje/y & ( ! c\ncil4 ,nor did ! m]e he>+ ( ! legate involve an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! papal au?ority4 ,= ) su* invitation to att5d ! c\ncil ! ,pope does n issue a comm&1 nor summon any "o to appe> be=e 8 tribunal1 b be=e ano!r judge1 namely1 ! ,c\ncil1 ! ,pope be+ 9 ?is matt] m]ely ! comm&] ( ! o!r e/ates4 ,by he>+ ! legate1 !re=e1 "o has n submitt$ to ! ,pope or to 8 judgm5ts4444 ,= al?\gh ! ,pope has n ! au?ority to summon o!rs by div9e law1 nev]!less ! anci5t c\ncils1 z1 = example1 t ( ,nicaea1 h giv5 him ?is *>ge1 :i* ext]nal *ur* regulation we d n attack4 ,& al?\gh 9 =m] ye>s1 :5 ! empire 0 "u "o head "s emp]ors convok$ c\ncils1 x w\ld be 9 va9 at pres5t = ! ,emp]or to proclaim a c\ncil1 z =eign nations w\ld n he$ su* proclamation4 ,b :ile ! ,pope at pres5t1 accord+ to ! =m ( ! law has ! *>ge to proclaim c\ncils1 he is !reby n made ! judge 9 matt]s ( fai?1 = ev5 popes !mselves h frequ5tly be5 depos$ by c\ncils4 ,pope ,john proclaim$ ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance1 b 0 nev]!less depos$ by x4 ,accord+ly ! op9ion cont9ues3 ,x is n = u to advise t ! c\ncil be summ>ily decl9$1 nei!r d we consid] ?is pr(itable1 = we h always appeal$ to a c\ncil4 ,:at mann] ( suspicion1 !re=e1 w\ld be ar\s$ ) ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y & all nations if at ! outset we w\ld summ>ily decl9e a c\ncil1 be=e discuss+ ! me?od ( proc$ure6 ,& ev5 if ! ,lu!rans %\ld be cit$ in/ead ( invit$1 "o mu/ await ! word+ ( ! citation1 :e!r we are cit$ to %[ ! reason = our tea*+1 or to he> ourselves decl>$ & condemn$ z public h]etics4 ,9 ! latt] case x might be decl9$4 ,9 ! =m]1 h[ev]1 ! citation %\ld be accept$1 b "u ! prote/ t !y _h appeal$ to a free ,*ri/ian c\ncil1 & did n ackn[l$ge ! ,pope z judge4 ,& if 7caet]is p>ibus1 t is1 provid$ ! proc$ure is correct o!rwise7 ! c\ncil is consid]$ ! highe/ tribunal1 z x ought to be consid]$1 "o _c despise ! comm& ( ! p]son to :om ! *>ge is giv5 to proclaim c\ncils1 :oev] he may be4 ,b if aft]w>ds ! proce$+s are n conduct$ prop]ly1 "o c !n ju/ly lodge compla9t on t acc\nt4 ,to proclaim a c\ncil is )9 ! prov9ce ( ! ,pope2 b ! judgm5t & decision belongs to ! c\ncil4444 ,= all canoni/s hold t 9 matt]s ( fai? ! c\ncil is sup]ior to ! ,pope1 & t 9 case ( diff]5ce ! c\ncil's v]dict mu/ be pref]r$ to t ( ! ,pope4 ,= !re mu/ be a supreme c\rt ( ! ,*ur*1 i4e41 ! c\ncil4 ,on acc\nt ( ! place1 h[ev] !y %\ld n refuse to appe>4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1aai47 ,9 _! subsequ5t judgm5ts ! !ologians adh]$ to ! view t ! ,prote/ants ought n to incur ! reproa* ( hav+ prev5t$ ! c\ncil by turn+ d[n ! legate4 ,lu!r says1 9 an op9ion writt5 at ,smalcald1 ,febru>y1 #aecg3 ,i h no d\bt t ! ,pope & 8 adh]5ts are afraid & w\ld l to see ! c\ncil prev5t$1 b 9 su* a mann] z w\ld enable !m to boa/ ) a semblance ( tru? t x 0 n _! fault1 s9ce !y _h proclaim$ x1 s5t mess5g]s1 call$ ! e/ates1 etc41 z !y1 inde$1 w\ld brag & trump x up4 ,h5ce1 9 ord] t we might be fright5$ & back out1 !y h set be=e u a horrible devil's head by proclaim+ a c\ncil1 9 :i* !y m5tion no?+ ab\t *ur* matt]s1 no?+ ab\t a he>+1 no?+ ab\t o!r matt]s1 b solely speak ( ! extirpation & eradication ( ! poison\s ,lu!ran h]esy1 z !y !mselves indicate 9 ! bull ,de ,re=matione ,curiae ( ,septemb] #bc1 #aecf1 ,/4 ,l4 #af #aiac;ff44 ,"h we h n only our s5t5ce :i* is to be pass$ ^u u 9 ! c\ncil b ! appeal also ) he>+1 answ]1 & discussion ( all matt]s is d5i$ u1 & all pi\s1 honorable m5 :o might possibly h be5 *os5 z m$iators are also exclud$4 ,moreov]1 ^! knaves ( ! devil are b5t on do+ _! pleasure1 n only 9 condemn+ 7= accord+ to ! said bull laun*$ aga9/ u !y want to be c]ta9 ( t7 b also 9 spe$ily beg9n+ & ord]+ execution & eradication1 al?\gh we h n yet be5 he>d 7z all laws require7 nor h !y1 ! c>d9als1 ev] read our writ+ or le>n$ its doctr9e1 s9ce our books are proscrib$ ev]y:]e1 b h he>d only ! false writ]s & ! ly+ m\?s1 hav+ n he>d u make a reply1 al?\gh 9 ,g]many bo? pr9ces & bi%ops "k1 also ^? ( _! p>ty1 t !y are ly+ books & rascals1 :om ! ,pope1 ,italy1 & o!r nations believe4444 ,h5ce !y w\ld l to fright5 u into refus+ x ! ,c\ncil = !n !y c\ld safely say t we _h prev5t$ x4 ,?us ! %ame w\ld n only cleave to u1 b we w\ld h to he> t1 by our refusal1 we _h help$ to /r5g!n su* abom9ations ( ! ,pope1 :i* o!rwise might h be5 right$4 ,su* & simil> reasons prompt$ ,lu!r to decl>e t1 ev5 ?\gh he knew x w\ld f9ally end 9 a scuffle1 he 0 n afraid ( ! l\sy1 contemptible c\ncil1 & w\ld nei!r give ! legate a negative answ]1 nor entangle himself1 & !re=e n be ha/y 9 ! matt]4 7,/4 ,l4 #af1 #aiig47 ,ev5 aft] ! pr9ces at ,smalcald _h resolv$ n to att5d ! c\ncil1 ,lu!r express$ ! op9ion t x _h be5 false wisdom to decl9e x2 ! ,pope %\ld h be5 left )\t excuse2 9 case x %\ld conv5e1 ! c\ncil w\ld n[ be conduct$ )\t ! ,prote/ants4 #ff4 ,elector's ,/rictures on ,op9ion ( ,!ologians4 ,elector ,john ,fr$]ick 0 n at all satisfi$ ) ! ,witt5b]g op9ion ( ,augu/ #f4 ,accord+ly1 he in=m$ ! !ologians assembl$ ,augu/ #cj at ,lu!r's h\se1 ?r\gh ,brueck1 t !y _h p]mitt$ !mselves to be unduly influ5c$ by ! juri/s1 _h n fram$ _! op9ion ) ! dilig5ce requir$ by ! importance ( ! matt]1 & _h n weigh$ all ! dang]s lurk+ 9 an acceptance ( ! invitation to ! c\ncil4 ,if ! ,lu!rans w\ld be invit$ l ! o!r e/ates1 & att5d1 !y mu/ ne$s dread a repetition ( ! craft9ess attempt$ at ,augsburg1 namely1 ( br++ _! pr9ces 9 opposition to _! prea*]s4 ,fur!rmore1 9 t case x w\ld also be consid]$ self-evid5t t ! ,lu!rans submit to ! decision ( ! majority 9 all matt]s4 ,& if !y refus$1 :at !n8 ,on ?is wise we1 = our "p1 w\ld be lur$ into ! net s f> t we c\ld n1 ) honor1 give a respectable acc\nt ( our action be=e ! _w4 ,= !reupon to appeal f su* decision ( ! c\ncil to ano!r w\ld by all ! _w be con/ru$ aga9/ our "p z caprici\sness pure & simple4 ,at all ev5ts1 !re=e1 ! ,lu!rans c\ld accept ! papal invitation only ) a public prote/1 f :i* ! ,pope & e "o else c\ld p]ceive 9 advance1 be=e ! c\ncil conv5$1 t ! ,lu!rans w\ld n all[ !mselves to be lur$ into ! net ( a papal c\ncil1 & :at mu/ be ! "* ( ! c\ncil to :i* !y w\ld ass5t4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #adg47 ,9 ?is ,prote/1 :i* ! ,elector pres5t$1 & :i* ,melan*?on translat$ into ,lat91 we read3 ,by ! possible acceptance ( ! invitation to ! c\ncil !y ! ,lu!rans ass5t to no c\ncil o!r ?an a g5]al1 free1 pi\s1 ,*ri/ian1 & imp>tial "o2 n to "o ei!r :i* w\ld be subject to1 & b\nd by1 papal prejudices 7z ! "o promis$ by ,clem5t ,,vii71 b to su* a synod z w endeavor to br+ godly & ,*ri/ian unity )9 ! ,*ur* by *oos+ pi\s1 le>n$1 imp>tial1 & unsuspect$ m5 = ! purpose ( inve/igat+ ! religi\s controv]sies & adjudicat+ !m f ! ,^w ( ,god1 & n 9 accordance ) usage & human traditions1 nor on ! basis ( decisions r5d]$ by =m] synods t militate aga9/ ! ,^w ( ,god4 7#aeb4 #aeg47 #fg4 ,c\nt]-,c\ncil ,disadvis$4 ,! o!r matt]s :i* engag$ ! ,elector's att5tion dealt prim>ily ) measures ( def5se1 ! conv5+ ( a c\nt]-c\ncil 7,geg5konzil7 & ! prep>ation ( articles :i* all w\ld unanim\sly accept1 & by :i* !y propos$ to /& to ! utt]mo/4 ,augu/ #bj ,brueck br\ght ^! po9ts up = discussion4 ,& 9 a memor&um :i* ! ,elector p]sonally pres5t$ to ! !ologians at ,witt5b]g on ,decemb] #a1 #aecf1 he express$ 8 op9ion z foll[s3 ,! ,lu!rans 7 n obligat$ to att5d ! c\ncil1 nei!r w\ld x be advisable4 ,"o c\ld n believe or tru/ ! oppon5ts4 ,no?+ b trick]y1 deception1 h>m1 & de/ruction might be expect$4 ,at ! c\ncil ! ,lu!ran doctr9e w\ld be condemn$1 & its confessors excommunicat$ & outlaw$4 ,to be sure1 ! ,lu!ran cause 0 9 ,god's h&s4 ,& z 9 ! pa/1 s also 9 ! future ,god w\ld protect x4 ,/ill !y mu/ n on ?is acc\nt neglect any?+4 ,lu!r %\ld !re=e draw up articles f :i* he 0 det]m9$ n to rec$e4 ,aft] !y _h be5 subscrib$ by ! ,witt5b]g]s & by all ,evangelical pa/ors at ! prospective meet+ at ,smalcald1 ! "q might also be discuss$ :e!r ! ,lu!rans %\ld n arrange = a c\nt]-c\ncil a univ]sal1 free1 ,*ri/ian c\ncil1 possibly at ,augsburg4 ,! proclamation = ?is c\ncil might be issu$ by ,doctor ,lu!r toge!r ) 8 fell[-bi%ops & ecclesia/ics1 z ! pa/ors4 ,h[ev]1 "o might also consid] :e!r ?is %\ld n pref]ably be done by ! pr9ces & e/ates4 ,9 su* an ev5t1 h[ev]1 "o _h to see to x t ! ,emp]or be prop]ly in=m$1 & t ! entire blame be saddl$ ^u ! ,pope & 8 adh]5ts1 ! enemies & oppon5ts ( our side4 7#ada7 ,! s]i\sness ) :i* ! ,elector consid]$ ! idea ( a c\nt]-c\ncil appe>s f ! details on :i* he ent]$ 9 ! memor&um ref]r$ to :]e he puts especial emphasis on ! foll[+ po9ts3 ,at ?is free1 univ]sal c\ncil ! ,lu!rans 7 m9d$ to set =? _! doctr9e & fai? accord+ to ! div9e1 holy ,scriptures4 ,e "o1 :e!r prie/ or layman1 %\ld be he>d 9 case he want$ to pres5t any?+ conc]n+ ?is doctr9e f ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,a free1 safe1 ,*ri/ian passport 0 to be giv5 to all1 ev5 to ! wor/ enemy1 leav+ x to 8 discretion :5 to come & g4 ,only matt]s f\nd$ 9 ! ,scriptures 7 to be pres5t$ & discuss$ at su* c\ncil4 ,human laws1 ord9ances1 & writ+s %\ld "u no circum/ances be li/5$ to 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to fai? & consci5ce1 nor be admitt$ z evid5ce aga9/ ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,:oev] w\ld submit su* matt]s1 %\ld n be he>d1 b sil5ce enjo9$ ^u him4 ,to ! v]dict ( su* a holy & ,*ri/ian c\ncil ! ,lu!rans w\ld be will+ to submit _! doctr9e4 7#ada47 ,! !ologians answ]$ 9 an op9ion ( ,decemb] #f1 #aecf1 endors+ ! ,prote/ ref]r$ to above1 b disapprov+ ! c\nt]-c\ncil4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/ po9t !y advis$ t a writ+ be publi%$ & s5t to ! ,emp]or & all rul]s 9 :i* ! ,lu!rans 7 to reque/ t ways & means be consid]$ ( adopt+ a lawful proc$ure at ! c\ncil promot+ ! true ,*ri/ian unity ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,conc]n+ ! c\nt]-c\ncil1 h[ev]1 !y advis$ at all ev5ts n to ha/5 ) x4 ,= to convoke x w\ld produce a great & t]rible appe>ance ( creat+ a s*ism1 & ( sett+ oneself aga9/ all ! _w & contemplat+ tak+ ! field soon4 ,!re=e su* great1 app>5t resi/ance %\ld n be und]tak5 till "o int5ds to d some?+ 9 ! matt] op5ly & 9 de$4 ,conc]n+ ! def5se1 ! ,witt5b]g !ologians 7 ( ! op9ion t x 0 ! "r & duty ( ! pr9ces to protect & def5d _! subjects aga9/ notori\s injuries 7if1 = example1 an attempt %\ld be made to =ce ^u !m ! ,romi% idolatry1 or to r5d asund] ! m>riages ( _! pa/ors71 & also aga9/ ! ,emp]or1 ev5 aft] ! c\ncil _h condemn$ !m z h]etics4 ,lu!r sign$ ?is op9ion ) ! foll[+ words3 ,i1 too1 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 w help ) my pray]s &1 if necess>y1 also ) my fi/4 7#abf47 #fh4 ,articles ,draft$ by ,lu!r4 ,9 ! memor&um ( ,decemb] #a ! ,elector spoke ( ! articles ,lu!r 0 to frame z foll[s3 ,al?\gh1 9 ! fir/ place1 x may easily be p]ceiv$ t :atsoev] our p>ty may propose 9 su* a popi% c\ncil z has be5 ann\nc$ w h no weight ) ! opposition1 mis]able1 bl9d$1 & mad m5 t !y are1 no matt] h[ well x is f\nd$ on ,holy ,scripture moreov]1 ev]y?+ w h to be ,lu!ran h]esy1 & _! v]dict1 :i* probably has already be5 decid$ & agre$ ^u1 mu/ be adopt$ & imm$iately foll[$ by _! propos$ ban & int]dict decree excommunicat+ & outlaw+ our p>ty1 x w1 nev]!less1 be v necess>y = ,doctor ,m>t9 to prep>e 8 f\ndation & op9ion f ! ,holy ,scriptures1 namely1 ! articles z hi!rto taught1 prea*$1 & writt5 by him1 & :i* he is det]m9$ to adh]e to & abide by at ! c\ncil1 z well z ^u 8 dep>ture f ?is _w & be=e ! judgm5t ( ,almighty ,god1 & 9 :i* we _c yield )\t becom+ guilty ( treason aga9/ ,god1 ev5 ?\gh prop]ty & life1 peace or w>1 are at /ake4 ,su* articles h[ev]1 z are n necess>y1 & 9 :i* = ! sake ( ,*ri/ian love1 yet )\t (f5se aga9/ ,god & ,8 ,^w1 some?+ might be yield$ 7?\gh1 d\btless1 !y w be few 9 numb]71 %\ld 9 ?is connection also be indicat$ sep>ately by said ,doctor ,m>t94 ,& :5 ,doctor ,m>t9 has complet$ su* "w 7:i*1 if at all possible = ! ,doctor1 mu/ be done betwe5 ! pres5t date & t ( ! ,conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul ,janu>y #be1 at ! late/71 he %all !reupon pres5t x to ! o!r ,witt5b]g !ologians1 & likewise to "s prom95t prea*]s ^: pres5ce he %\ld require to he> f !m1 at ! same "t admoni%+ !m mo/ e>ne/ly1 & ask+ !m :e!r !y agre$ ) him 9 ^! articles :i* he _h drawn up1 or n1 & !reupon1 z !y hop$ = _! s\ls salvation _! s5tim5t & op9ion be le>n$ 9 its entirety1 b n 9 appe>ance1 = ! sake ( peace1 or because !y did n l to oppose ! ,doctor1 & = ?is reason w\ld n fully op5 _! he>ts1 & /ill1 at a lat] "t w\ld tea*1 prea*1 write1 & make public some?+ else or advise ! p aga9/ said articles1 z "s h 9 sev]al in/ances done be=e ?is4 ,an agreem5t hav+ be5 rea*$1 ! articles 7 to be subscrib$ by all & prep>$ 9 ,g]man & ,lat94 ,at ! prospective meet+ at ,smalcald !y %\ld be submitt$ to ! religi\s conf$]ates = discussion & subscription4 ,h5ce1 9 ! invitation1 e pr9ce %\ld be ask$ to br+ ) him two or ?ree !ologians1 9 ord] t a unanim\s agreem5t might be rea*$ !re1 & no delay c\ld be s\ght or pret5d$4 7#aci47 ,accord+ly1 ! ,elector plann$ to h ,lu!r draw up articles :i* 7 to be accept$ by all1 fir/ at ,witt5b]g & !n at ,smalcald1 )\t compulsion & = no o!r reason ?an t !y express$ _! own inmo/ convictions4 ,! situation _h *ang$ s9ce #aecj1 & ! ,elector desir$ a cle>] expression1 especially on ! ,papacy4 ,h5ce he did n appo9t ,melan*?on1 b ,lu!r1 to compose ! articles4 ,! tru? 0 to be confess$ )\t reg>d to any?+ else4 ,lu!r _h receiv$ ! ord] to draw up ^! articles z e>ly z ,augu/ #bj1 #aecf4 ,septemb] #c ,brueck wrote to ! ,elector on ?is matt]3 ,i also deliv]$ to ,doctor ,m>t9 ! cr$5tials :i* ,y\r ,electoral ,grace gave to me1 & !reupon also spoke ) him 9 accordance ) ! comm& ( ,y\r ,electoral ,grace4 ,he promis$ to be ob$i5t 9 e way4 ,x also appe>s to me t he already has ! "w well 9 h&1 to op5 8 he>t to ,y\r ,electoral ,grace on religion1 :i* is to be1 z x 71 8 te/am5t4 7#adg47 ,lu!r1 :o at ! "t ?\ght t 8 end w\ld come 9 ! ne> future1 _h no d\bt us$ su* an expression himself4 ,8 articles 7 to be 8 te/am5t4 ,9 ! preface to ! articles he t\*$ ^u x once m1 say+3 ,i h det]m9$ to publi% ^! articles 9 pla9 pr9t1 s t1 %\ld ,i die be=e !re w be a c\ncil 7z ,i fully expect & hope1 because ! knaves :o flee ! light & %un ! day take su* wret*$ pa9s to delay & h9d] ! c\ncil71 ^? :o live & rema9 aft] my demise may be able to produce my te/imony & confession 9 addition to ! ,confession :i* ,i previ\sly issu$1 :]eby up to ?is "t ,i h abid$1 & by ,god's grace w abide4 7#dee47 ,! ,elector seems also to h enjo9$ sil5ce on ,lu!r ) respect to ! articles until !y _h be5 approv$ at ,witt5b]g4 ,= 9 8 lett] to ,spalat91 ( ,decemb] #ae1 #aecf1 ,lu!r wrote3 ,b y w keep ^! matt]s 8 j\rney to ,witt5b]g to discuss ! articles z secret z possible1 & pret5d o!r reasons = y\r dep>ture4 ,s$ haec secreta t5eas quantum potes1 et f+e alias causas abeundi4 7,/4 ,l4 #ba;b1 #bace47 ,decemb] #aa ! ,elector aga9 call$ att5tion to ! articles1 desir+ t ,amsdorf1 ,agricola1 & o!r outside !ologians be call$ to ,witt5b]g at 8 exp5se to take "p 9 ! discussion4 ,%ortly aft]1 ,lu!r mu/ h f9i%$ ! articles4 ,! num]\s *anges & improvem5ts appe>+ 9 ! orig9al manuscript1 :i* is /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,heidelb]g libr>y1 %[ h[ mu* "t & labor he sp5t on ?is "w4 ,conclud+ 8 articles1 ,lu!r says3 ,^! are ! articles on :i* ,i mu/ /&1 &1 ,god will+1 %all /& ev5 to my dea?2 & ,i d n "k h[ to *ange or to yield any?+ 9 !m4 ,if any "o wi%es to yield any?+1 let him d x at ! p]il ( 8 consci5ce4 7#eja1 #c47 ,t[>d ! close ( ! ye> ,lu!r submitt$ ! draft to 8 colleagues1 ,jonas1 ,bug5hag51 ,crucig]1 ,melan*?on1 & ^? :o _h come f abroad1 ,spalat91 ,amsdorf1 & ,agricola4 ,aft] ?or\gh discussion x 0 adopt$ by all ) b few *anges1 e4g4 reg>d+ ! adoration ( ! sa9ts1 conc]n+ :i* ,lu!r _h orig9ally said no?+4 7,kolde1 #dd47 ,spalat9 reports t all ! articles 7 read1 & successively consid]$ & discuss$4 ,! ,elector _h spok5 also ( po9ts 9 :i* a concession might be possible4 ,9 ! discussion at ,witt5b]g1 ,spalat9 m5tion$ z su* ! "q :e!r ! ,evangelicals1 9 case ! ,pope w\ld conc$e ! cup to !m1 %\ld cease prea*+ aga9/ ! cont9uance ( ! "o k9d among ! ,papi/s2 fur!rmore1 :at 0 to be done ) respect to ord9ation & ! adiaphora4 ,lu!r _h n ent]$ ^u a discussion ( ^! que/ions1 *iefly1 p]haps1 because he 0 conv9c$ t ! c\ncil w\ld condemn ev5 ! ess5tial articles4 7,comp>e ,melan*?on's lett] ( ,augu/ #d1 #aecj1 to ,campegius1 ,c4 ,r4 #b1 #bdf47 ,aft] ! articles _h be5 read & approv$1 ,spalat9 prep>$ a copy 7n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ar*ives at ,weim>71 :i* 0 sign$ by ! eight !ologians pres5t1 by ,melan*?on1 h[ev]1 ) ! limitation t ! ,pope might be p]mitt$ to reta9 8 au?ority iure humano1 9 case he w\ld admit ! ,gospel4 ,p]haps ,melan*?on1 :o probably w\ld o!rwise h dissimulat$1 felt con/ra9$ to add ?is /ricture on acc\nt ( ! solemn dem& ( ! ,elector t no "o %\ld hide any diss5t ( 81 ) ! int5tion ( publi%+ x lat]4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #adj7 #fi4 ,articles ,endors$ by ,elector4 ,) ^! fir/ subscriptions1 ,lu!r s5t 8 articles to ! ,elector on ,janu>y #c1 #aecg1 by ! h& ( ,spalat94 ,9 ! accompany+ lett] ( ! same date he in=m$ ! ,elector t he _h ask$ ,amsdorf1 ,eisleb5 ,agricola1 & ,spalat9 to come to ,witt5b]g on ,decemb] #bh or ! foll[+ days4 ,i pres5t$ ! articles :i* ,i _h myself drawn up accord+ to ! comm& ( ,y\r ,electoral ,grace & talk$ !m ov] ) !m = sev]al days1 ow+ to my weakness1 :i* int]v5$ 7z ,i ?9k1 by ! ag5cy ( ,satan72 = o!rwise ,i _h expect$ to delib]ate ^u !m no long] ?an "o day4 ,& h]e) ,i am s5d+ !m1 z affirm$ ) _! signatures1 by our de> bro!r & good fri5d1 ,magi/] ,george ,spalat91 to deliv] !m to ,y\r ,electoral ,grace1 z !y all *>g$ & ask$ me s to d4 ,at ! same "t1 s9ce !re are "s :o1 by suspicion & words1 ins9uate t we p>sons 7,pfaff571 z !y call u1 by our /ubbornness desire to jeop>dize y pr9ces & lords1 toge!r ) y\r l&s & p1 etc41 ,i v humbly ask1 also 9 ! "n ( all ( u1 t by all means ,y\r ,electoral ,grace w\ld reprim& u = ?is4 ,= if x w\ld prove dang]\s = o!r humble p1 to say no?+ ( ,y\r ,electoral ,grace1 toge!r ) o!r lords1 l&s1 & p1 we w\ld mu* r take x ^u ourselves alone4 ,accord+ly1 ,y\r ,electoral ,grace w "k well h[ f> & to :at ext5t y w accept ^! articles1 = we w\ld h no "o b ourselves burd5$ ) !m1 leav+ x to e "o :e!r he w1 or w n1 burd5 also himself ) !m4 7,/4 ,l4 #ba;b1 #badb47 ,9 8 answ] ( ,janu>y #g1 #aecg1 ! ,elector express$ 8 ?anks to ,lu!r = hav+ drawn up ! articles 9 su* ,*ri/ian1 true1 & pure fa%ion1 & rejoic$ ov] ! unanimity ( 8 !ologians4 ,at ! same "t he ord]$ ,*ancellor ,brueck to take /eps t[>d hav+ ! mo/ prom95t pa/ors ( ! c\ntry subscribe ! articles1 s t ^! pa/ors & prea*]s1 hav+ affix$ _! names1 mu/ abide by ^! articles & n devise tea*+s ( _! own1 accord+ to _! own op9ion & lik+1 9 case ,almighty ,god w\ld summon ,doctor ,m>t9 f ?is _w1 :i* re/s ) ,8 good w4 7,kolde1 #de47 ,9 ! lett] :i* ! ,elector s5t to ,lu!r1 we read3 ,we give ?anks to ,almighty ,god & to our ,"l ,*ri/ = hav+ grant$ y heal? & /r5g? to prep>e ^! articles 9 su* ,*ri/ian1 true1 & pure fa%ion2 also t ,he has giv5 y grace1 s t y h agre$ on !m ) ! o!rs 9 ,*ri/ian1 also bro!rly & fri5dly unity4444 ,f !m we also p]ceive t y h *ang$ y\r m9d 9 no po9t1 b t y are /eadfa/ly adh]+ to ! ,*ri/ian articles1 z y h always taught1 prea*$1 & writt51 :i* are also built on ! f\ndation1 namely1 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 aga9/ :om ! gates ( hell _c prevail1 & :o %all also rema9 9 spite ( ! ,pope1 ! c\ncil1 & its adh]5ts4 ,may ,almighty ,god1 ?r\gh our ,"l ,*ri/1 be/[ ,8 grace on u all1 t ) /eadfa/ & true fai? we abide by !m1 & suff] no human fe> or op9ion to turn u !refrom6444 ,aft] read+ !m ov] = ! second "t we c ent]ta9 no o!r op9ion ( !m1 b accept !m z div9e1 ,*ri/ian1 & true1 & accord+ly %all also confess !m & h !m confess$ freely & publicly be=e ! c\ncil1 be=e ! :ole _w1 & :atsoev] may come1 & we %all ask ,god t ,he w\ld v\*safe grace to our bro!r & to u1 & also to our po/]ity1 t /eadfa/ly & )\t wav]+ we may abide & rema9 9 !m4 7#ba;b1 #badc47 #gj4 ,melan*?on's ,qualifi$ ,subscription4 ,9 8 lett] to ,lu!r ! ,elector made special ref]5ce also to ! qualifi$ subscription ( ,melan*?on4 ,conc]n+ ! ,pope1 he said1 we h no hesitation ab\t resi/+ him mo/ vehem5tly4 ,= if1 f good op9ion1 or = ! sake ( peace1 z ,magi/] ,philip sugge/s1 we %\ld suff] him to rema9 a "l hav+ ! "r to comm& u1 our bi%ops1 pa/ors1 & prea*]s1 we w\ld expose ourselves to dang] & burd5 7because he & 8 successors w n cease 9 _! endeavors to de/roy u entirely & to root out all our po/]ity71 = :i* !re is no necessity1 s9ce ,god's ,^w has deliv]$ & r$eem$ u !refrom4 ,& if we1 n[ t ,god has deliv]$ u f ! ,babylonian captivity1 %\ld aga9 run into su* dang] & ?us tempt ,god1 ?is subjection to ! ,pope w\ld1 by a j decree ( ,god1 come ^u u ?r\gh our wisdom1 :i* o!rwise1 no d\bt1 w n come to pass4 7#bade47 ,evid5tly1 ! ,elector1 ?\gh n reg>d+ ,melan*?on's deviation z a false doctr9e1 did n consid] x to be )\t dang]4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,re=mation1 ,lu!r _h ent]ta9$ simil> ?\ghts1 b he _h long ago se5 ?r\gh ! ,papacy1 & ab&on$ su* op9ions4 ,9 ! ,smalcald ,articles he is done ) ! ,pope & 8 sup]iority1 also by human "r4 ,& ?is = two reasons3 fir/1 because x w\ld be impossible = ! ,pope to agree to a m]e sup]iority iure humano1 = 9 t case he mu/ suff] 8 rule & e/ate to be ov]turn$ & de/roy$ toge!r ) all 8 laws & books2 9 brief1 he _c d x2 9 ! second place1 because ev5 su* a purely human sup]iority w\ld only h>m ! ,*ur*4 7#dgc1 #g4 #h47 ,melan*?on1 on ! o!r h&1 /ill adh]$ to ! position :i* he _h occupi$ 9 ! compromise discussions at ,augsburg1 :5ce1 e4g41 he wrote to ,cam]>ius1 ,augu/ #ca1 #aecj ,oh1 w\ld t ,i c\ld1 n inde$ =tify ! dom9ation1 b re/ore ! adm9i/ration ( ! bi%ops4 ,= ,i see :at mann] ( *ur* we %all h :5 ! ecclesia/ical body has be5 disorganiz$4 ,i see t aft]w>ds !re w arise a mu* m intol]able tyranny ( ! pr9ces ?an !re ev] 0 be=e4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #ccd47 ,at ,smalcald1 h[ev]1 8 views met ) s little response among ! pr9ces & !ologians t 9 8 ,tract on ! ,primacy ( ! ,pope he omitt$ !m entirely & foll[$ ,lu!r's tr5d ( ?\ght4 ,m>* #a1 #aecg1 ,melan*?on himself wrote conc]n+ 8 defeat at ! delib]ations ( ! !ologians on ! "q 9 :i* articles concessions might be made 9 ! int]e/ ( peace1 say+ t ! unle>n$ & ! m vehem5t w\ld n he> ( concessions1 s9ce ! ,lu!rans w\ld !n be *>g$ ) inconsi/5cy & ! ,emp]or w\ld only increase 8 dem&s4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #bib47 ,evid5tly !n1 ev5 at t "t ,melan*?on 0 n entirely cur$ ( 8 utopian dream4 ,if ! ,pontiff w\ld admit ! ,gospel1 si pontifex evangelium admitt]et4 ,a4 ,osi&] rem>k$3 ,t is1 if ! devil w\ld become an apo/le4 ,9 ! ,j5a edition ( ,lu!r's works ,melan*?on's phrase is comm5t$ ^u z foll[s3 ,& yet ! ,pope ) 8 wolves1 ! bi%ops1 ev5 n[ curses1 blasphemes1 & outlaws ! holy ,gospel m horribly ?an ev] be=e1 rag+ & fum+ aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ & u poor ,*ri/ians 9 mo/ horrible fa%ion1 bo? ) fire & sword1 & 9 :atev] way he c1 l a real w]wolf1 tr4 note3 sic6 aye1 l ! v devil himself4 7#f1 #eeg;b47 ,! same comm5t is f\nd 9 ! edition ( ! ,smalcald ,articles prep>$ #aeec by ,/olz & ,aurifab]1 :]e ! passage beg9s3 ,o quantum mutatus ab illo ! =m] ,melan*?on6 7,koelln]1 #ddh4 #deg47 ,c>pzov rem>ks p]t95tly3 ,?is subscription ( ,melan*?on is n a "p ( ! ,book ( ,concord x does n conta9 ! doctr9e advocat$ by ! ,book ( ,concord1 nor 0 x approv$ by ,lu!r2 moreov]1 x 0 lat] on repudiat$ by ,philip himself4 7,isagoge #hbc4 #hid47 #ga4 ,lu!r's ,articles ,sidetrack$ at ,smalcald4 ,x 0 a l>ge & brilliant assembly1 especially ( !ologians1 :i* conv5$ at ,smalcald 9 ,febru>y1 #aecg4 ,lu!r1 too1 0 pres5t4 ,on ,janu>y #g ! ,elector _h writt53 ,we hope t our ,god w grant y grace1 /r5g?1 & heal? t y may be able to make ! j\rney to ,smalcald ) u1 & help u to "r1 & br+ to a good issue1 ?is matt] conc]n+ ! ,pope & o!r matt]s4 ,z /at$ above1 ! ,elector's plan 0 to elevate ,lu!r's articles to a confession (ficially recogniz$ & subscrib$ to by all ,lu!ran pr9ces1 e/ates1 & !ologians4 ,accord+ly1 on ,febru>y #aj1 at ! fir/ meet+ held at ,smalcald1 ,*ancellor ,brueck mov$ t ! !ologians delib]ate conc]n+ ! doctr9e1 s t1 9 case ! ,lu!rans w\ld att5d ! c\ncil1 !y w\ld "k by :at !y int5d$ to /&1 & :e!r any concessions 7 to be made1 or1 z ,brueck put x1 :e!r any?+ good p]haps a deliv]ance on ! ,papacy %\ld be adopt$1 or some?+ %\ld be conc$$4 ,self-evid5tly1 ,brueck _h ,lu!r's articles 9 m9d1 al?\gh x _c be prov$ t he directly & expressly m5tion$ !m or submitt$ !m = discussion & adoption4 ,p]haps1 he felt f ! v beg9n+ t ! ,elector w\ld h>dly succe$ ) 8 plans z smoo?ly & completely z anticipat$4 ,= ,lu!r1 desir+ to cle> ! track = ! :ole tru? 9 e direction1 ! ,re=m$ z well z ! ,papi/ic1 bo? aga9/ ! false bre?r5 :o w\ld be ( our p>ty 7,preface to ,sm4 ,art4 #dee1 #d71 z well z aga9/ ! op5 enemies1 _h 9 8 articles s %>p5$ ! expressions employ$ 9 ! ,witt5b]g ,concord ( #aecf conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] t ! ass5t ( ,philip ( ,hesse & ! att5d+ ,s\? ,g]man delegates & !ologians 7,buc]1 ,blaur]1 ,wolf>t1 etc47 0 m ?an d\btful4 ,lu!r's lett] to ! adh]5ts ( ,zw+li1 ,decemb] #a1 #aecg1 %[s t he did n at all desire unnecess>ily to di/urb ! "w ( union begun by ! ,witt5b]g ,concord4 7,/4 ,l4 #ag1 #badc47 ,/ill1 he at ! same "t endeavor$ to prev5t a false union re/+ on misund]/&+ & self-deception4 ,&1 no d\bt1 8 re=mulation ( ! article on ! ,"l's ,supp] 0 int5d$ to s]ve ?is purpose4 ,besides1 ow+ to a v pa9ful attack ( gravel1 ,lu!r 0 n able to att5d ! sessions1 h5ce c\ld n make 8 influ5ce felt 9 a decisive mann] z desir$ by ! ,elector4 ,?is situation 0 exploit$ by ,melan*?on 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 attitude t[>d ! ,zw+lians1 :i* n[ 0 mu* m favorable ?an x _h be5 at ,augsburg1 #aecj4 ,f ! v outset he oppos$ ! (ficial adoption ( ,lu!r's articles4 ,he desir$ m fre$om ) reg>d to bo? ! ,romani/s & ! ,re=m$ ?an 0 (f]$ by ,lu!r's articles4 ,! fir/ appe>s f 8 subscription4 ,conc]n+ ! article ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 h[ev]1 :i* ! ,/rassburg]s & o!rs refus$ to accept1 ,melan*?on does n seem to h voic$ any scruples dur+ ! delib]ations at ,witt5b]g4 ,p]sonally he may ev5 h be5 able to accept ,lu!r's =m1 & ?is1 too1 m hone/ly ?an ,buc] did at ,smalcald4 ,= z late z ,septemb] #f1 #aeeg1 he wrote to ,joa*im ( ,anhalt3 ,i h answ]$ briefly t 9 doctr9e all are agre$1 & t we all embrace & reta9 ! ,confession ) ! ,apology & ,lu!r's confession writt5 be=e ! ,synod ( ,mantua4 ,respondi brevit]1 cons5sum esse omnium de doctr9a3 amplecti nos omnes et ret9]e ,confessionem cum ,apologia et confessione ,lu!ri scripta ante ,mantuanam ,synodum4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #bfj47 ,b1 al?\gh ,melan*?on1 = 8 p]son1 accept$ ,lu!r's article on ! ,"l's ,supp]1 he nev]!less consid]$ x to be dang]\s to ! ,concord ) ! ,s\!rn ,g]mans & to ! ,smalcald ,league4 ,privately he also made kn[n 8 dissatisfaction 9 no unc]ta9 mann]4 ,& 9 s do+1 he took %elt] beh9d ,philip ( ,hesse1 :o1 z at ,augsburg1 #aecj1 /ill desir$ to h ! ,zw+lians reg>d$ & treat$ z weak bre?r54 ,kolde relates3 ,on ! same day 7,febru>y #aj7 ,melan*?on report$ to ! ,l&grave3 ',"o article1 t conc]n+ ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,holy ,supp]1 has be5 drawn up some:at vehem5tly1 9 t x /ates t ! bread is ! body ( ! ,"l :i* ,lu!r at fir/ did n draw up 9 ?is =m1 b1 z conta9$ 9 ! ,witt5b]g ,concord1 namely1 t ! body ( ! ,"l is giv5 ) ! bread1 & ?is 0 due to ,pom]anus1 = he is a vehem5t man & a co>se ,pom]anian4 ,o!rwise he ,melan*?on knew ( no %ortcom+ or compla9t 9 all ! articles4' 444 ',he also said' 7?is ! ,l&grave reports to ,jacob ,/urm ( ,/rassburg z an expression ( ,melan*?on7 't ,lu!r w\ld he> ( no yield+ or rec$+1 b decl>$3 ,?is h ,i drawn up2 if ! pr9ces & e/ates desir$ to yield any?+1 x w\ld re/ ) !m1' etc4 ,! e/ates1 ,melan*?on advis$1 might !re=e 9 e way decl>e t !y _h adopt$ ! ,confession & ! ,concord1 & 7 m9d$ to abide by !m4 ,at ! same "t he promis$ to dem& at ! prospective delib]ation ( ! !ologians1 't ! article ( ! ,sacram5t be drawn up z conta9$ 9 ! ,concord4 ',melan*?on's ass]tion t ,bug5hag5 influ5c$ ,lu!r's =mulation ( ! article on ! ,"l's ,supp] is probably correct4 ,at any rate1 x c be prov$ t ,lu!r really *ang$ ! article4 ,= a glance at ! orig9al manuscript %[s t he _h at fir/ writt51 9 con=mity ) ! ,concord1 't ! true body & blood ( ,*ri/ is "u ! bread & w9e1' b lat] on *ang$ x to read3 't ! bread & w9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp] are ! true body & blood ( ,*ri/4' 7#dh47 ,melan*?on 0 diplomatic en\gh to hide f ! ,l&grave 8 /rictures on ,lu!r's articles ab\t ! ,pope1 kn[+ well t 9 ?is po9t he c\ld expect nei!r approval nor support4 #gb4 ,articles ,n ,discuss$ 9 ,meet+ ( ,league4 ,z ! ,s\!rn ,g]mans reg>d$ ,lu!r's =mulation ( ! article on ! ,"l's ,supp] ) disfavor1 ! ,l&grave f\nd little difficulty 9 w9n+ ov] 7?r\gh ,jacob ,/urm7 ! delegates ( ,augsburg & ,ulm to ,melan*?on's view ( decl>+ adh]5ce only to ! ,confession & ! ,witt5b]g ,concord4 ,already on ,febru>y #aa ! cities decid$ to decl9e on ! be/ gr\nds ! ,saxon proposition4 ,foll[+ 7 ! reasons advanc$3 ,x 0 n necess>y at pres5t to ent] ^u ! proposition1 s9ce ! c\ncil w\ld make sl[ progress1 z ! ,emp]or & ! ,k+ ( ,france 7 n yet at peace4 ,!y _h n und]/ood ?is 7! adoption ( ! ,saxon proposition7 to be ! purpose ( ! invitation to br+ s*ol>s ) !m4 ,!y _h a confession1 ! ,augu/ana1 pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or4 ,x 0 also to be fe>$ t delib]ations on ! "q :e!r any concessions %\ld be made1 might lead to a division2 nor w\ld ?is rema9 conceal$ f ! ,papi/s4 ,if ! ,elector desir$ to pres5t "s articles1 he might transmit !m1 & !y1 9 turn1 w\ld s5d !m to _! sup]iors = inspection4 7,kolde1 ,analecta1 #bif47 ,9 ! aft]noon ( ,febru>y #aa ! pr9ces accord+ to ! report ( ! ,/rassburg]s1 express$ _! satisfaction ) ! resolution ( ! cities4 ,at ! same "t !y decl>$ t !y 7 n m9d$ to make any concessions to ! ,papi/s1 nor to dispute ab\t1 or "q1 any?+ 9 ! ,confession or ! ,witt5b]g ,concord1 b m]ely to review ! ,confession1 n to *ange any?+ aga9/ its cont5ts & sub/ance1 nor t ( ! ,concord1 b solely to enl>ge on ! ,papacy1 :i* be=e ?is1 at ! ,diet1 _h be5 omitt$ 9 ord] to please ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y & = o!r reasons2 t su* 0 ! purpose ( ! delib]ation = :i* ! s*ol>s _h be5 summon$2 & t ?is 0 n sup]flu\s1 s9ce !y 7 all mortal1 & x 0 necess>y t _! po/]ity be ?or\ghly in=m$ z to :at _! doctr9e _h be51 le/ o!rs :o w\ld succe$ to _! places accept some?+ else4 ,! report cont9ues3 ,! cities did n object to ?is4 7#bif47 ,accord+ to ?is report1 !n1 ,lu!r's articles 7 nei!r discuss$ nor adopt$ at ! (ficial meet+ ( ! pr9ces & e/ates belong+ to ! ,smalcald ,league4 ,)\t m5tion+ !m1 !y decl>$ 9 _! f9al resolution3 ,our s*ol>s h unanim\sly agre$ among !mselves 9 all po9ts & articles conta9$ 9 our ,confession & ,apology1 pres5t$ at ! ,diet ( ,augsburg1 except+ only t !y h exp&$ & drawn up m cle>ly ?an !re conta9$ "o article1 conc]n+ ! ,primacy ( ! ,pope ( ,rome4 7,koelln]1 #dfh47 ,koe/l9 rem>ks3 ,s9ce ! pr9ces decid$ to decl9e ! c\ncil absolutely1 !y _h no occasion to discuss ,lu!r's articles4 7#b1 #djc47 #gc4 ,meet+ ( ,!ologians4 ,at ,smalcald ! fir/ duty impos$ ^u ! s*ol>s & !ologians 0 once m to discuss ! ,augu/ana & ! ,apology c>efully1 & to ackn[l$ge bo? z _! own confessions by _! signatures4 ,!reupon !y 71 9 a special treatise1 to enl>ge on ! ,papacy4 ,! ,/rassburg delegates report3 ,x has also come to pass t ! s*ol>s receiv$ ord]s once m to read ! articles ( ! ,confession & to enl>ge some:at on ! ,papacy1 :i* !y did4 7,kolde1 ,analecta1 #bih47 ,h[ev]1 s9ce nei!r ! ,augu/ana nor its ,apology conta9$ an article aga9/ ! ,papacy1 ! dem& ( ! pr9ces c\ld only be satisfi$ by a special treatise1 ! ,tractatus de ,pote/ate et ,primatu ,papae1 :i* ,melan*?on wrote & complet$ by ,febru>y #ag1 :]eupon x 0 imm$iately deliv]$ to ! pr9ces4 ,! pr9ces _h fur!rmore ord]$ ! !ologians1 :ile review+ & discuss+ ! ,augu/ana 7& its ,apology71 to re5=ce its doctr9e ) additional pro(s4 ,ow+ to lack ( "t & books1 ?is 0 n c>ri$ out4 ,febru>y #ag ,osi&] reports to ! ,nu]nb]g prea*]s3 ,we are enjoy+ good heal? "h1 al?\gh we travel$ 9 /ormy wea!r & ov] roads t (f]$ _m difficulties1 & are liv+ "u a con/antly becl\d$ sky1 :i* unpleasantries are increas$ by tr\blesome & difficult que/ions 9 complicat$ matt]s4444 ,! fir/ bus9ess impos$ on u by ! pr9ces embraces two ?+s3 fir/1 to =tify ! ,confession & ! ,apology ) e k9d ( argum5t f ! ,holy ,scriptures1 ! fa!rs1 c\ncils1 & ! decrees ( ! ,popes2 !reupon1 dilig5tly to discuss 9 detail ev]y?+ conc]n+ ! ,primacy1 :i* 0 omitt$ 9 ! ,confession because x 0 odi\s4 ,! latt] we complet$ s f> to-day t we %all imm$iately deliv] a copy to ! pr9ces4 ,! =m]1 h[ev] w be po/pon$ to ano!r "t & place1 s9ce x requires a long] "t1 z well z libr>ies1 :i* are lack+ "h4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #bfg47 ,! discussion ( ! ,confession 0 also to s]ve ! purpose ( obta9+ mutual assurance :e!r !y 7 all really agre$ 9 doctr9e4 ,?is l$ to delib]ations on ! doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp] z well z on ! "q :at concessions might be made to ! ,romani/s4 ,accord+ to a report ( ,melan*?on1 ,m>* #a1 ! !ologians 7 to discuss ! doctr9es1 n sup]ficially1 b v ?or\ghly1 9 ord] t all disagreem5t might be remov$1 & a h>moni\s & complete sy/em ( doctr9es exi/ 9 our *ur*es4 ,!y 7 to review ! ,confession 9 ord] to le>n :e!r any "o deviat$ 9 any article or disapprov$ ( any?+4 ,b ,melan*?on rem>ks t ?is object 0 n rea*$1 s9ce ! special reque/ _h be5 voic$ n to increase ! disagreem5t by any qu>rel & ?us to endang] ! ,smalcald ,league4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #bib47 ,9 a second lett] ( ! same date he says t a real doctr9al discussion _h nev] come to pass1 p>tly because ,lu!r's illness prev5t$ him f tak+ "p 9 ! meet+s1 p>tly because ! timidity ( c]ta9 m5 ! ,l&grave & o!rs _h prev5t$ an exact disputation le/ any discord might arise4 7#bif47 ,m>* #c he wrote to ,jonas 9 a simil> ve9 say+ t ! reports ( viol5t controv]sies among ! !ologians at ,smalcald 7 false4 ,= al?\gh !y _h be5 9 consultation ) "o ano!r = ! purpose ( discov]+ :e!r all ! !ologians 9 att5dance !re agre$ 9 doctr9e ! matt] _h be5 treat$ briefly & incid5tally4 7#bih47 ,z f> z ! ,"l's ,supp] is conc]n$ ,melan*?on's report conc]n+ ! sup]ficial "* ( ! doctr9al discussions is little if at all exagg]at$4 ,he himself 0 "o ( ^? timid s\ls ( :om he spoke hav+ f ! beg9n+ done all he c\ld n only to b> ,lu!r's articles f ! delib]ations b also to prev5t any p5etrat+ discussion ( ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,ass5t to ! ,witt5b]g ,concord 0 consid]$ satisfactory al?\gh all felt1 & believ$ to "k1 t "s ( ! ,s\!rn ,g]mans did n agree ) ! loyal ,lu!rans 9 ?is matt]4 ,( ! att5d+ !ologians :o 7 "u suspicion ,buc]1 ,blaur]1 ,fagius1 ,wolf>t1 ,fontanus1 & ,mel&]1 only ! fir/ two took "p 9 ! delib]ations4 7#bib47 ,m>* #a ,melan*?on wrote to ,cam]>ius3 ,buc] spoke op5ly & cle>ly ( ! ,my/]y ! ,"l's ,supp] affirm+ ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/4 ,he satisfi$ all ( our p>ty also ^? :o are m sev]e4 ,blaur]1 h[ev]1 employ$ su* g5]al expressions z1 t ,*ri/ 0 pres5t4 ,aft]w>d he add$ sev]al m ambigu\s expressions4 ,osi&] press$ him some:at hotly2 b s9ce we did n desire to ar\se any v vehem5t qu>rel1 ,i t]m9at$ ! discussion4 ,?us we sep>at$1 s t agreem5t 0 re/or$ among all o!rs1 :ile he ,blaur] did n seem to contradict4 ,i "k t ?is is weak b no?+ else c\ld be done at ?is "t1 especially s9ce ,lu!r 0 abs5t1 be+ tortur$ by v sev]e gravel pa9s4 7#bib47 ,?is agrees ) ! report ,veit ,dietri* made to ,fo]/]1 ,may #af1 /at+3 ,at ! fir/ meet+ ( ! committee ( ! !ologians !y complet$ ! fir/ n9e articles ( ! ,augu/ana4 ,blaur]1 ,wolf>t1 & "s o!rs ( ^? :o 7 doctr9ally "u suspicion 7nobis suspecti de doctr9a7 7 pres5t4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ! article ( ! ,"l's ,supp] 0 to be discuss$ on ! foll[+ day1 ! meet+ 0 prev5t$1 ,i d n "k by :om4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! pr9ces1 too1 desir$ ano!r meet+1 because !y fe>$ a rupture ( ! ,smalcald ,alliance1 if any doctr9al diff]5ce %\ld become evid5t1 :i*1 h[ev]1 w\ld occur if ! matt] 7 ?or\ghly discuss$4 ,s9ce ! disputation 0 prev5t$1 we 7 commission$ to write on ! ,p[] ( ! ,pope 9 ord] to h some?+ to d4 ,report _h x t ,blaur] did n approve ! ,concord ( ,witt5b]g2 c]ta9ly1 he ask$ ,philip = expressions ( ! ,fa!rs 7:i* are n[ 9 my possession71 9 ord] to be bett] furni%$ ) argum5ts4 ,?is prompt$ ,pom]anus & ,amsdorf aga9 to conv5e ! !ologians aga9/ ,melan*?on's w4 ,!n ! ,"l's ,supp] 0 discuss$4 ,buc] inde$ satisfi$ all4 ,blaur]1 h[ev]1 :ile speak+ vaguely ( ! o!r matt]s1 nev]!less publicly attack$ ! /atem5t t ! ungodly d n receive ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,wolf>t decl>$ t he 0 pres5t at ! ,concord made at ,witt5b]g1 & _h approv$ x4 ,x 0 unpleasant = him ,dietri* :5 h]eupon ,/ephanus ,agricola & !n ,wolf>t reha%$ "s old /atem5ts1 vet]a qua$am dicta4 7#cgj47 #gd4 ,lu!r's ,articles ,subscrib$4 ,z to ! articles ( ,lu!r1 ,veit ,dietri* reports t !y 7 privately circulat$ at ,smalcald & read by all4 ,!y 7 also to be read at ! meet+ ( ! !ologians on ,febru>y #ah4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #cga47 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 nei!r a public read+ nor a real discussion1 nor an (ficial adoption result$4 ,! ,/rassburg delegates report3 ,doctor ,m>t9 ,lu!r has also drawn up "s special articles1 :i* he purpos$ to s5d to ! c\ncil on 8 own accord1 copies ( :i* we h designat$ ) ,w4 ,! ,/rassburg]s1 !n1 7 9 position to s5d home a copy ( ^! articles4 ,fur!rmore ,osi&] relates 9 a lett] dat$ ,febru>y #ag3 ,besides ?is1 ,lu!r has also writt5 articles at ,witt5b]g1 %ort inde$1 b spl5did & ke5 7illu/res et argutos71 9 :i* ev]y?+ is summ$ up 9 ,g]man :]efrom we _c rec$e 9 ! c\ncil )\t committ+ sacrilege4 ,to-morr[ we %all read !m publicly 9 our meet+1 9 ord] t any "o :o wi%es to add any?+ to !m may pres5t ?is 9 ! pres5ce ( all4 ,!y w also1 z ,i hope1 delib]ate on ! ,witt5b]g ,concord 9 ! matt] conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,i reg>d ,buc] z be+ s9c]ely "o ( u2 ,blaur]1 h[ev]1 by no means4 ,= ,philip tells ( 8 hav+ rem>k$ t he 0 n able to agree ) u4 7#bfh47 ,on ,febru>y #ah1 h[ev]1 ,lu!r 0 tak5 ill & an (ficial1 public read+ & discussion ( 8 articles did n take place on ?is day nor1 z already /at$1 at a lat] date4 ,lu!r's articles1 h[ev]1 7 nev]!less adopt$ at ,smalcald1 ?\gh n by ! ,s\? ,g]mans4 ,:5 all o!r bus9ess _h be5 transact$1 !y 7 pres5t$ = volunt>y subscription4 ,bug5hag5 _h call$ ! !ologians toge!r = ?is purpose4 ,he propos$ t n[ all ^? :o wi%$ 7qui vel9t7 %\ld sign ! articles ,lu!r _h br\ght ) him4 ,h]eupon ,buc] decl>$ t he _h no commission to d ?is4 ,h[ev]1 9 ord] to oblit]ate ! impression t he decl9$ to subscribe because ( doctr9al diff]5ces1 he add$ t he knew no?+ 9 ,lu!r's articles :i* might be criticiz$4 ,blaur] ( ,con/ance1 ,mel&] ( ,hesse1 & ,wolf>t ( ,augsburg foll[$ 8 example 9 decl>+ t !y _h no commission to sign ! articles4 ,9 ord] n to endang] ! ,smalcald ,league1 ,bug5hag51 z appe>s f 8 proposition refra9$ f urg+ any "o to sign4 ,?is 0 also ! position ( ! o!r !ologians4 ,veit ,dietri* reports3 ,buc] 0 ! fir/ to say t he _h no ord]s to sign4 ,he add$1 h[ev]1 t he knew ( no?+ 9 ^! articles t c\ld be criticiz$1 b t 8 magi/rates _h reasons = in/ruct+ him n to sign !m4 ,aft]w>ds ,blaur]1 ,dionysius ,mel&]1 & y\r ,boniface ,wolf>t ( ,augsburg said ! same t !y _h n be5 au?oriz$ by _! sup]iors to sign4 ,! ?\ght came to me imm$iately :y ,buc]1 :o taught correctly1 %\ld h be5 ! fir/ to refuse 8 signature1 s9ce x 0 c]ta9 t ! o!rs1 ,blaur] & if y w1 also y\r man1 w\ld n subscribe because !y did n approve ( ! dogma ( ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,?is w\ld h l$ to an op5 doctr9al s*ism1 :i* ! ,elector1 ,ern/ ( ,lu5eburg1 & ! ,c\nts ( ,anhalt w\ld1 "u no circum/ances1 h tol]at$ among ! conf$]ates4 ,b1 s9ce ,buc] did n subscribe1 x 0 n necess>y to dispute ab\t ! doctr9e4 ,:5 we saw ?is1 ,i 0 also pleas$ t ,lu!r's articles receiv$ no att5tion 9 ! (ficial subscription1 & t all subscrib$ m]ely to ! ,augu/ana & ! ,concord4 ,& !re 0 no "o :o refus$ to d ?is4 7#cga47 ,:ile ?us ,buc]1 ,fagius1 ,wolf>t1 ,blaur]1 & ,fontanus refus$ to affix _! signatures1 ! att5d+ loyal ,lu!ran !ologians endors$ ,lu!r's articles all ! m en?usia/ically4 ,& :ile ! signatures affix$ to ! ,augu/ana & ! ,apology total #cb1 includ+ ! suspect$ !ologians1 #dd names appe> "u ,lu!r's articles4 ,among ^! is f\nd also ! abnormal subscription ( ,mel&] ( ,hesse3 ,i subscribe to ! ,confession1 ! ,apology1 & ! ,concord 9 ! matt] ( ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* is probably to be int]pret$ z a limitation ( ,lu!r's ,article ( ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,al?\gh1 !re=e1 ! subscription ( ! ,smalcald ,articles lack$ ! (ficial "* & 0 n by ord] ( ! ,smalcald ,league z su*1 x nev]!less is 9 keep+ ) ! actual facts :5 ! ,=mula ( ,concord ref]s to ,lu!r's ,articles z subscrib$ at t "t #aecg by ! *ief !ologians4 7#ggg1 #d2 #hec1 #g47 ,all true ,lu!ran pa/ors assembl$ at ,smalcald recogniz$ 9 ,lu!r's articles _! own1 spontane\s confession aga9/ ! ,papi/s z well z aga9/ ! ,zw+lians & o!r en?usia/s4 #ge4 ,endors$ by ,pr9ces & ,e/ates4 ,! ,?or\gh ,decl>ation ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord makes ! fur!r /atem5t t ! ,smalcald ,articles 7 to be deliv]$ 9 ! ,c\ncil at ,mantua 9 ! "n ( ! ,e/ates1 ,electors1 & ,pr9ces4 7#hec1 #g47 ,evid5tly ?is is bas$ on ,lu!r's ,preface to ! ,smalcald ,articles writt5 #aech1 9 :i* he says conc]n+ 8 ,articles3 ,!y h also be5 accept$ & unanim\sly confess$ by our side1 & x has be5 resolv$ t1 9 case ! ,pope ) 8 adh]5ts %\ld ev] be s bold z s]i\sly & 9 good fai?1 )\t ly+ & *eat+ to hold a truly free ,*ri/ian ,c\ncil 7z1 inde$1 he w\ld be 9 duty b\nd to d71 !y be publicly deliv]$ 9 ord] to set =? ! ,confession ( our ,fai?4 7#dee47 ,kolde & o!rs surmise t ,lu!r wrote z he did because1 ow+ to 8 illness1 he 0 n acqua9t$ ) ! true situation at ,smalcald4 ,ts*ack]t1 too1 takes x = grant$ t ,lu!r1 n be+ suffici5tly in=m$1 0 "u ! errone\s impression t ! pr9ces & e/ates z well z ! !ologians _h adopt$1 & subscrib$ to1 8 articles4 7#cjj4 #cjb47 ,nor has a bett] !ory ( solv+ ! difficulty hi!rto be5 advanc$4 ,yet x appe>s v improbable4 ,if adopt$1 "o mu/ assume t ,lu!r's att5tion 0 nev] drawn to ?is error ( 84 ,= ,lu!r does n m]ely p]mit 8 ass]tion to /& 9 ! foll[+ editions ( ! ,smalcald ,articles1 b repeats x else:]e z well4 ,9 an op9ion writt5 #aeda he writes3 ,9 ! second place1 ,i leave ! matt] z x is f\nd 9 ! articles adopt$ at ,smalcald2 ,i %all n be able to improve on !m2 nor d ,i "k h[ to yield any?+ fur!r4 7,/4 ,l4 #ag1 #fff47 ,! ,elector1 too1 %>$ ,lu!r's op9ion4 ,9 a lett] ( ,octob] #bg1 #aedc1 he urg$ him to publi% 9 ,lat9 & ,g]man 7octavo71 "u ! title1 ,booklet ( ! ,smalcald ,agreem5t--,bue*le9 d] ges*eh55 ,s*malkaldis*5 ,v]glei*ung1 ! ,articles ( ,agreem5t1 ,v]glei*ungs>tikel1 on :i* he & ,melan*?on _h come to an agreem5t 9 #aecg1 at ,smalcald1 ) ! o!r alli$ e/ates1 s*ol>s1 & !ologians4 7,/4 ,l4 #ba;b1 #biac47 ,octob] #ag1 #aeeb1 imm$iately aft] he _h obta9$ 8 lib]ty1 ! ,elector made a simil> /atem5t4 7,c4 ,r4 #g1 #aaji47 ,nor did ,spalat9 possess a k 9 ?is matt] diff]+ f t ( ,lu!r & ! ,elector4 ,he1 too1 believ$ t n only ! !ologians1 b ! pr9ces & e/ates z well1 ) ! exception ( ,hesse1 ,wu]ttemb]g1 ,/rassburg1 etc41 _h subscrib$ to ,lu!r's articles4 7,kolde1 #ea47 ,evid5tly1 !n1 ,lu!r's /atem5t 0 g5]ally reg>d$ z be+ sub/antially & approximately correct & = all practical purposes 9 keep+1 if n ) ! exact lett] & =m at lea/ ) ! real _s ( :at transpir$ at ,smalcald & be=e z well z aft] ?is conv5tion4 ,x 0 n a m]e delusion ( ,lu!r's1 b 0 g5]ally reg>d$ z agree+ ) ! facts1 t at ,smalcald 8 articles 7 n only subscrib$ by ! !ologians1 b adopt$ also by ! ,lu!ran pr9ces & e/ates1 ?\gh1 9 def]5ce to ! ,l&grave & ! ,s\? ,g]man cities1 n (ficially & by ! ,smalcald ,league z su*4 #gf4 ,symbolical ,au?ority ( ,smalcald ,articles4 ,! importance atta*$ to ! ,smalcald ,articles ov] aga9/ ! ,re=m$ & ,crypto-,calv9i/s appe>s f a /atem5t made by ! ,elector ( ,saxony1 ,octob] #ag1 #aeeb 7%ortly aft] 8 deliv]ance f captivity71 9 :i* he ma9ta9$ t ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* c\ld h be5 sp>$ h] int]nal diss5sions if e "o _h fai?fully abid$ by ! articles ( ,lu!r4 ,he told ! ,witt5b]g !ologians t dur+ 8 captivity he _h he>d ( ! diss5sions & cont9u$ controv]sies1 :i* caus$ u no little grief4 ,& we h !re=e (t5 desir$ ) all our he>t t 9 ! *ur*es ( our =m] l&s & ^? ( o!rs no *ange1 prompt$ by human wisdom1 _h be5 und]tak5 nor p]mitt$ 9 ! matt]s doctr9es z !y 7 held dur+ ! life ( ! bless$ ,doctor ,m>t9 ,lu!r & dur+ our rule1 & confirm$ at ,smalcald1 9 ! ye> #aecg1 by all pa/ors & prea*]s ( ! e/ates ( ! ,augsburg ,confession !n assembl$ at t place4 ,= if ?is _h be5 done1 no d\bt1 ! divisions & errors prevail+ among ! tea*]s ( said ,confession1 toge!r ) ! griev\s & h>mful (f5ses :i* result$ !refrom1 w\ld1 ) ! help ( ,god1 h be5 avoid$4 7,c4 ,r4 #g1 #aaji47 ,9 ! ,prolegom5a to 8 edition ( ! ,lu!ran ,confessions1 ,hase rem>ks conc]n+ ! symbolical au?ority ( ,lu!r's articles3 ,! =mula ( fai?1 drawn up by su* a man1 & adorn$ ) su* names1 imm$iately enjoy$ ! greate/ au?ority4 ,fidei =mula a tali viro pr(ecta talibusque nom9ibus ornata maxima /atim auctoritate floruit4 ,to rank among ! symbolical books1 ,lu!r's articles requir$ a special resolution on ! "p ( ! pr9ces & e/ates z little z did 8 two cate*isms2 cont5ts & ! ,re=m]'s "n 7 q suffici5t4 ,volunt>ily ! articles 7 subscrib$ at ,smalcald4 ,on _! own m]its !y won _! place ( honor 9 our ,*ur*4 ,9 ! situation !n obta9+1 !y voic$ ! ,lu!ran position 9 a mann] s correct & consi/5t t e loyal ,lu!ran spontane\sly gave & decl>$ 8 ass5t4 ,9 keep+ ) ! *ang$ hi/orical context ( ! times1 !y (f]$ a correct explanation ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 add+ !reto a decl>ation conc]n+ ! ,papacy1 ! abs5ce ( :i* _h become increas+ly pa9ful4 ,!y /ruck ! timely1 logical1 ,lu!ran note also ov] aga9/ ! ,zw+lian & ,buc]ian ,re=m$ & ,unioni/ic t5d5cies4 ,lu!r's articles (f]$ qu>t]s nei!r = disguis$ ,papi/s nor = mask$ ,calv9i/s4 ,9 brief !y gave su* a cle> expression to g5u9e ,lu!ranism t false spirits c\ld n rema9 9 _! company4 ,x 0 ! recognition ( ^! facts :i* imm$iately elicit$ ! joyful acclaim ( all true ,lu!rans4 ,to !m x 0 a recomm5dation ( ,lu!r's articles :5 ,buc]1 ,blaur]1 & o!rs1 ?\gh hav+ subscrib$ ! ,augsburg ,confession1 refus$ to sign !m4 ,loyal ,lu!rans ev]y:]e felt t ! ,smalcald ,articles pres5t$ an up-to-date t\*/one ( ! pure ,lu!ran tru?1 & t1 9 tak+ _! /& on !m1 _! feet 7 plant$1 ov] aga9/ ! ab]rations ( ! ,romani/s z well z ! ,zw+lians1 on gr\nd immovable4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ! e/eem 9 :i* ,lu!r's articles 7 held1 rose high] & high]4 ,especially dur+ & aft] ! controv]sies on ! ,int]im1 z well z 9 ! subsequ5t controv]sies ) ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s1 ! ,lu!rans became m & m conv9c$ t ! ,smalcald ,articles & n ! ,v>iata1 conta9$ ! correct exposition ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,at ! ,diet ( ,reg5sburg1 9 #aeda1 ! ,elector1 by 8 delegates1 s5t ^w to ,melan*?on to /& by ! ,confession & ! ,smalcald ,agreem5t ,smalcald ,articles 9 ^w & 9 s5se4 ,! delegates answ]$ t ,philip w\ld n yield any?+ :i* 0 oppos$ to ! ,confession & ! ,smalcald ,agreem5t1 z he _h decl>$ t he w\ld die r ?an yield any?+ aga9/ 8 consci5ce4 7,c4 ,r4 #d1 #bib47 ,9 an op9ion ( #aedd also ! !ologians ( ,hesse1 :o at ,smalcald _h help$ to sidetrack ,lu!r's articles put !m on a p> ) ! ,augu/ana4 ,at ,naumburg 9 #aefa1 :]e ,elector ,fr$]ick ( ! ,palat9ate & ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s endeavor$ to und]m9e ! au?ority ( ,lu!r1 ,duke ,john ,fr$]ick ( ,saxony decl>$ t he w\ld abide by ! orig9al ,augu/ana & its true decl>ation & norm1 ! ,smalcald ,articles4 ,fai?ful ,lu!rans ev]y:]e receiv$ ! ,smalcald ,articles into _! corpora doctr9ae4 ,9 #aefg ! ,conv5tion ( ,coswig decl>$ !m to be ! norm by :i* controv]sies are to be decid$1 norma decid5di controv]sias4 ,simil>ly1 ! ,synod ( ,moelln1 #aeei4 ,9 #aefj ! m9i/]ium ( ,luebeck & ! ,s5ate ( ,hamburg confessionally accept$ ! ,articles4 ,likewise1 ! ,conv5tion ( ,lu5eburg 9 #aefa1 & ! !ologians ( ,s*leswig-,hol/e9 9 #aegj4 ,! ,?or\gh ,decl>ation c\ld tru?fully say t ! ,smalcald ,articles _h be5 embodi$ 9 ! confessional writ+s ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* = ! reason t ^! h always & ev]y:]e be5 reg>d$ z ! common1 unanim\sly accept$ mean+ ( our *ur*es &1 moreov]1 h be5 subscrib$ at t "t by ! *ief & mo/ enlight5$ !ologians1 & h held sway 9 all evangelical *ur*es & s*ools4 7#hee1 #aa47 #gg4 ,editions ( ,smalcald ,articles4 ,9 #aech ,lu!r publi%$ 8 ,articles1 :i* editio pr9ceps 0 foll[$ by num]\s o!r editions1 two ( !m 9 ! same ye>4 ,9 ! copy ( ! ,articles :i* ,spalat9 took at ,witt5b]g ! title reads3 ,op9ion conc]n+ ! ,fai?1 & ,:at ,we ,mu/ ,adh]e to ,ultimately at ! ,future ,c\ncil4 ,b$5k5 des ,glaub5s halb51 und worauf im ku5ftig5 ,konzil endli* zu beh>r5 sei4 ,! editio pr9ceps be>s ! title3 ,articles :i* 7 to be ,deliv]$ on ,behalf ( ,our ,p>ty at ! ,c\ncil ( ,mantua1 or ,:]e ,else ,x ,w\ld ,meet4 ,artikel1 s da haett5 aufs ,konzilium zu ,mantua1 od] wo es wu]de se91 ueb]antwortet w]d5 von uns]s ,teils weg54 ,^! titles designate ! purpose = :i* ! articles 7 fram$ by ord] ( ! ,elector4 ,9 ! edition ( #aeec1 publi%$ by ,john ,/olz & ,john ,aurifab]1 ,lu!r's ,articles are designat$ z prep>$ = ! ,diet ( ,smalcald 9 ! ye> #aecg1 ge/ellt auf d5 ,tag zu ,s*malkald5 ,anno #aecg4 ,says ,c>pzov3 ,!y are commonly call$ ,smalcald ,articles aft] ! place :]e !y 7 compos$ an error already f\nd 9 ,br5z's lett] ( ,febru>y #bc1 #aecg1 app5d$ to ! subscriptions ( ! ,tract on ! ,p[] & ,primacy ( ! ,pope 7#ebi74 ,see also ,=mula ( ,concord #ggg1 #d2 #hec1 #g1 z well z solemnly approv$ & subscrib$ s9ce ! articles 7 compos$ by ,lu!r & approv$ by ! ,prote/ants at ,smalcald a t[n 9 ! bord]s ( ,saxony & ,ducal ,hesse1 & select$ = ! conv5tion ( ! ,prote/ants = ! reason t ! individuals :o _h be5 call$ ?i!r might h an easy & safe approa*4 7,isagoge1 #gfi47 ,! text ( ! ,smalcald ,articles1 z publi%$ by ,lu!r1 omits ! foll[+ motto f\nd 9 ! orig9al3 ,?is is suffici5t doctr9e = et]nal life4 ,z to ! political & economic affairs1 !re are en\gh laws to tr\ble u1 s t !re is no ne$ ( inv5t+ fur!r tr\bles mu* m burd5some4 ,suffici5t unto ! day is ! evil !re(4 ,8 satis e/ doctr9ae pro vita aet]na4 ,cet]um 9 politia et oeconomia satis e/ legum1 quibus vexamur1 ut non sit opus praet] has mole/ias f+]e alias quam mis]rimas necess>ias4 ,sufficit diei malitia sua4 7,lu!r1 ,weim> #ej1 #aib4 ,/4 ,l4 #af #aiah47 ,ap>t f all k9ds ( m9or corrections1 ,lu!r add$ to ! text a ,preface 7writt5 #aech7 & sev]al additions1 "s ( !m q long1 :i*1 h[ev]1 did n *ange ! s5se4 ,among ^! are sec4 #e1 secs4 #ac to #ae1 & secs4 #be-bh ( ! article conc]n+ ! ,mass2 secs4 #db-de conc]n+ ! ,false ,rep5tance ( ! ,papi/s2 secs4 #c-ac ab\t ,en?usiasm 9 ! article conc]n+ ,confession4 ,! editions ( #aedc & #aede conta9$ fur!r em5dations4 ,! ,g]man text ( ,lu!r's fir/ edition ( #aech 0 receiv$ into ! ,book ( ,concord1 z !y 7 fir/ fram$ & pr9t$4 7#hec1 #g47 ,! fir/ ,lat9 translation by ,pet] ,g5]anus appe>$ 9 #aeda1 ) a ,preface by ,veit ,am]ba* 7lat] on ,ca?olic ,pr(essor ( ,philosophy at ,+ol/adt74 ,9 #aedb x 0 succe$$ by an em5d$ edition4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ! ,elector desir$ a ,lat9-,g]man edition 9 octavo4 ,! ,lat9 translation f\nd 9 ! ,book ( ,concord ( #aehj 0 furni%$ by ,selnecc]2 ?is 0 revis$ = ! (ficial ,lat9 ,concordia ( #aehd4 #gh4 ,tract on ! ,p[] & ,primacy ( ! ,pope4 ,melan*?on's ,tract ,conc]n+ ! ,p[] & ,primacy ( ! ,pope1 ,tractatus de ,pote/ate et ,primatu ,papae1 pres5ts ess5tially ! same ?\ghts ,lu!r _h already discuss$ 9 8 article ,( ! ,papacy4 ,melan*?on "h ab&ons ! idea ( a papal supremacy iure humano1 :i* he _h advocat$ at ,augsburg #aecj & express$ 9 8 subscription to ,lu!r's articles1 & moves entirely 9 ! wake ( ,lu!r & 9 ! tr5d ( ! ,re=m]'s ?\ghts4 ,! ,tract 0 writt5 n s mu* f 8 own conviction z f t ( ,lu!r & 9 accommodation to ! antipapal s5tim5t :i*1 to 8 grief1 became increas+ly dom9ant at ,smalcald4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #bgj4 #bib;f4 #big47 ,9 a lett] to ,jonas1 ,febru>y #bc1 he rem>ks1 indicat+ 8 accommodation to ! public op9ion prevail+ at ,smalcald3 ,i h writt5 ?is ,tract some:at %>p] ?an ,i am wont to d4 7#bga4 #bib47 ,melan*?on always trimm$ 8 sails accord+ to ! w9d2 & at ,smalcald a decid$ly antipapal gale 0 bl[+4 ,he compla9s t he f\nd no "o !re :o ass5t$ to 8 op9ion t ! papal invitation to a c\ncil ought n be decl9$4 7#bic47 ,x is also possible t he he>d ( ! ,elector's criticism ( 8 qualifi$ subscription to ,lu!r's articles4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! ,tract am\nts to a retraction ( 8 /ricture on ,lu!r's view ( ! ,papacy4 ,9 e respect1 ,smalcald spell$ a defeat = ,melan*?on4 ,8 policy t[>d ! ,s\? ,g]mans 0 actually repudiat$ by ! num]\s & en?usia/ic subscriptions to ,lu!r's articles1 =e%ad[+1 z x 71 ! f9al hi/orical outcome1 :5 ,philippism 0 def9itely defeat$ 9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,& 8 own ,tract gave ! c\p de grace to 8 m$iat+ policy ) reg>d to ! ,romani/s4 ,= "h ,melan*?on1 9 ! mann] ( ,lu!r1 opposes & d5\nces ! ,pope z ! ,anti*ri/1 ! protector ( ungodly doctr9e & cu/oms1 & ! p]secutor ( ! true confessors ( ,*ri/1 f :om "o mu/ sep>ate4 ,! second "p ( ! ,tract1 ,conc]n+ ! ,p[] & ! ,jurisdiction ( ! ,bi%ops1 ,de ,pote/ate et ,iurisdictione ,episcoporum1 /rikes an equally decid$ note4 ,! ,tract1 :i* 0 already complet$ by ,febru>y #ag1 receiv$ ! approval ( ! e/ates1 &1 toge!r ) ! ,augu/ana & ! ,apology1 0 sign$ by ! !ologians ^u ord] ( ! pr9ces4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #bhf47 ,koelln] writes3 ,imm$iately at ! conv5tion ,veit ,dietri* translat$ ?is writ+ ! ,tract into ,g]man1 & 7z appe>s f ! fact t ! ,weim> !ologians 9 #aeec publi%$ ! docum5t f ! ar*ives ) ! subscriptions7 ?is ,g]man translation 01 at ! conv5tion1 pres5t$ to1 & approv$ by1 ! e/ates z ! (ficial text1 & subscrib$ by ! !ologians4 7#dfd47 ,br5z's lett] app5d$ to ! subscriptions %[s t ! sign+ did n take place till aft] ,febru>y #bc1 p]haps ! #be? ( ,febru>y4 ,= on ! #bf? ,melan*?on & ,spalat9 ref] to x z f9i%$4 ,) ref]5ce to ! ,concord ( #aecf1 let x be /at$ "h t1 al?\gh m5tion$ ) approval by ! !ologians & also includ$ 9 ,br5z's & ,mel&]'s subscriptions to ! ,smalcald ,articles1 ! pr9ces & e/ates nev]!less pass$ no resolution requir+ its subscription4 ,melan*?on writes t ! pr9ces _h expressly decl>$ t !y w\ld abide by ! ,witt5b]g ,concord4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #bib47 ,veit ,dietri*'s rem>k to ,fo]/]1 ,may #af1 #aecg1 t only ! ,augu/ana & ! ,concord 7 sign$ at ,smalcald1 is probably due to a mi/ake 9 writ+4 7#cgb47 #gi4 ,au?or%ip ( ,tract4 ,! ,tract fir/ appe>$ 9 pr9t 9 #aedj4 ,a ,g]man translation1 publi%$ #aeda1 designates x z drawn up by ,mr4 ,philip ,melan*?on & done into ,g]man by ,veit ,dietri*4 7,c4 ,r4 #bc #gbb47 ,9 ! edition ( ! ,smalcald ,articles by ,/olz & ,aurifab]1 #aeec1 ! ,tract is app5d$ ) ! caption3 ,conc]n+ ! ,p[] & ,supremacy ( ! ,pope1 ,compos$ by ! ,s*ol>s4 ,smalcald1 #aecg4 ,9 ! ,j5a edition ( ,lu!r's ,works ! ,smalcald ,articles are likewise foll[$ by ! ,tract ) ! title3 ,conc]n+ ! ,p[] & ,supremacy ( ! ,pope1 ,compos$ by ! ,s*ol>s 9 ! ,ye> #cg at ,smalcald & ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,ye> #ch4 7#f1 #ebc47 ,?is sup]scription gave rise to ! op9ion t ! ,g]man 0 ! orig9al text4 ,at any rate1 su* seems to h be5 ! belief ( ,selnecc]1 s9ce he incorporat$ a ,lat9 translation1 bas$ on ! ,g]man text1 into ! ,lat9 edition ( 8 ,book ( ,concord1 privately publi%$ #aehj4 ,ap>t f o!r errors ?is ,lat9 v]sion conta9$ also ! (f5sive mispr9t ref]r$ to 9 our article on ! ,book ( ,concord4 ,9 ! (ficial edition ( #aehd x 0 supplant$ by ! orig9al text ( ,melan*?on4 ,! subtitle1 h[ev]1 rema9$3 ,tractatus p] ,!ologos ,smalcaldicos ,congregatos ,conscriptus4 ,to-day x is g5]ally assum$ t by #aeec x 0 univ]sally =gott5 bo? t ,melan*?on 0 ! au?or ( ! ,tract1 & t x 0 orig9ally compos$ 9 ,lat94 ,h[ev]1 x rema9s a my/]y h[ ?is %\ld h be5 possible--only twelve ye>s aft] ,dietri* _h publi%$ ! ,tract "u a title :i* cle>ly designates ,melan*?on z its au?or1 & /ates t ! ,g]man text is a translation4 ,! evid5ce = ,melan*?on's au?or%ip :i* ?us became necess>y 0 furni%$ by ,j4 ,c4 ,b]tram 9 #aggj4 ,h[ev]1 be=e him ,*ytraeus & ,seck5dorf1 9 #aefd1 _h expressly v9dicat$ ,melan*?on's au?or%ip4 ,be x m5tion$ z a curiosity t ! ,papi/ ,lud4 ,jac4 a ,/4 ,c>olo m5tion$ a c]ta9 ,articulus ,alsmalcaldicus1 ,g]manus1 ,lu!ranus z ! au?or ( ! ,tract4 ,9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord & 9 ! ,preface to ! ,book ( ,concord ! ,tract is n enum]at$ z a sep>ate confessional writ+1 b is treat$ z an app5dix to ! ,smalcald ,articles4 #hj4 ,a ,?reefold ,criticism4 ,on ! basis ( ! facts /at$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraphs1 ,kolde1 foll[$ by o!rs believes himself ju/ifi$ 9 (f]+ a ?reefold criticism4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he op9es t ,lu!r's ,articles are v improp]ly call$ ',smalcald ,articles4' ,h[ev]1 ev5 if ,lu!r's ,articles 7 n (ficially adopt$ by ! ,smalcald ,league z su*1 !y 7 nev]!less1 writt5 = ! ,conv5tion ( ,smalcald1 & 7 !re sign$ by ! assembl$ ,lu!ran !ologians & prea*]s & privately adopt$ also by mo/ ( ! pr9ces & e/ates4 ,= ,lu!r's ,articles !n1 !re is & c be no title m appropriate ?an ,smalcald ,articles4 ,ts*ack]t rem>ks3 ,almo/ all all1 ) ! exception ( ! suspect$ !ologians subscrib$ & !reby !y became weighty & important = ! ,evangelical *ur*es ( ,g]many2 & h5ce x c]ta9ly is n inappropriate to call !m ',smalcald ,articles1' ev5 ?\gh !y 7 writt5 at ,witt5b]g & 7 n publicly delib]at$ ^u at ,smalcald4 7#cjb47 ,x is entirely unhi/orical1 ,kolde cont9ues 9 8 /rictures1 to designate ,melan*?on's ,tract1 :i* has no connection ) ,lu!r's ,articles1 z an ',app5dix' to !m :5 9 fact x 0 accept$ z an app5dix ( ! ,augu/ana & ,apology4 7#ej47 ,x is a mi/ake1 !re=e1 says ,kolde1 t ! ,tract is n sep>ately m5tion$ 9 ! ,book ( ,concord1 nor c\nt$ z a sep>ate confessional writ+4 7#ec47 ,likewise ,ts*ack]t3 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is a mi/ake to treat ,melan*?on's ,tract z an app5dix to ! ,smalcald ,articles1 z is done 9 ! ,book ( ,concord4 ,! signatures ( ! e/ates h r giv5 x an indep5d5t au?ority 9 ! ,*ur*4 7#cjb47 ,h[ev]1 !re is mu* m ( a connection betwe5 ,lu!r's ,articles & ! ,tract ?an ,kolde & ,ts*ack]t seem to be aw>e (4 ,lu!r's ,articles z well z ! ,tract 7 prep>$ = ! ,conv5tion at ,smalcald4 ,bo? 7 !re sign$ by practically ! same ,lu!ran !ologians4 ,! fact t 9 ! case ( ! ,smalcald ,articles ?is 0 done volunt>ily r enhances & does n 9 ! lea/ dim9i%1 _! importance4 ,bo? also1 f ! v beg9n+1 7 equally reg>d$ z ,lu!ran confessional writ+s4 ,! ,tract1 fur!rmore1 foll[s ,lu!r's ,articles also 9 sub/ance1 z x is b an ackn[l$gm5t & additional exposition ( 8 article ,( ! ,papacy4 ,to be sure1 ! ,tract mu/ n be view$ z an app5dix to ,lu!r's ,articles1 :i*1 inde$1 7 9 no ne$ ( su* an app5dix4 ,moreov]1 bo? ! ,articles & ! ,tract may be reg>d$ z app5dices to ! ,augsburg ,confession & ! ,apology4 ,accord+ly1 !re is no reason :atev] :y1 9 ! ,book ( ,concord1 ! ,tract %\ld n foll[ ,lu!r's ,articles or be reg>d$ z closely connect$ ) x1 & naturally belong+ to x4 ,koelln] is "r :5 he decl>es x to be v appropriate t ! ,tract is connect$ & gr\p$ ) ! ,smalcald ,articles4 7#dfi47 ,f9ally1 ,kolde designates ! words 9 ! title compos$1 conscriptus1 by ! s*ol>s z false 9 e respect4 ,likewise ,ts*ack]t4 7#cjc47 ,! criticism is ju/ifi$ inasmu* z ! expression compos$1 zusamm5gezog51 conscriptus1 by ! s*ol>s _c v well be h>moniz$ ) ! fact t ,melan*?on wrote ! ,tract4 ,b ev5 ?is sup]scription is inappropriate1 at lea/ n 9 ! degree assum$ by ,kolde & ,ts*ack]t4 ,= ! fact is t ! pr9ces & e/ates did n ord] ,melan*?on1 b ! !ologians1 to write ! treatise conc]n+ ! ,papacy1 & t ! ,tract 0 pres5t$ 9 _! "n4 ,koelln] writes3 ,x is c]ta9ly a spl5did te/imony = ! noble s5tim5ts ( ^? h]oes ( ! fai? t ! ,elector %\ld "k (1 & p>tly disapprove1 ,melan*?on's mild] views1 & /ill entru/ him ) ! composition ( ?is v important docum5t ! ,tract1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 equally s1 t ,melan*?on s spl5didly fulfill$ ! consid]ation :i* he ow$ to ! views & ! int]e/s ( ! p>ty )\t infr++ ^u 8 own conviction4 ,seck5dorf also1 ,koelln] adds ju/ly admires ?is unusual ph5om5on4 7#dga47 ,h[ev]1 ,koelln] (f]s no evid5ce = ! supposition t ! ,elector *>g$ ,melan*?on 9 p>ticul> ) ! composition ( ! ,tract4 ,accord+ to ! report ( ! ,/rassburg delegates1 ! pr9ces decl>$ t ! s*ol>s %\ld p]use ! ,confession & enl>ge on ! ,papacy4 ,! report cont9ues3 ,! s*ol>s receiv$ ord]s 444 to enl>ge some:at on ! ,papacy :i* !y did1 & !reupon transmitt$ _! criticism to ! ,elector & ! pr9ces4 7,kolde1 ,anal41 #big47 ,?is is corroborat$ by ,melan*?on himself1 :o wrote to ,cam]>ius1 ,m>* #a1 #aecg3 ,we receiv$ ord]s 7iussi sumus7 to write some?+ on ! ,primacy ( ,pet] or ! ,roman ,pontiff4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #bib47 ,febru>y #ag ,osi&] report$3 ,! fir/ bus9ess impos$ on u by ! pr9ces 0 444 dilig5tly to expla9 ! ,primacy :i* 0 omitt$ f ! ,confession because x 0 reg>d$ z odi\s4 ,! latt] ( ^! duties we h to-day complet$1 s t we %all imm$iately deliv] a copy to ! pr9ces4 7#c1 #bfg47 ,^! /atem5ts might ev5 w>rant ! conclusion t ! !ologians also p>ticipat$1 m or less 9 ! draw+ up ( ! ,tract1 = :i* h[ev]1 fur!r evid5ce is want+4 ,nor does x appe> h[ ?is view c\ld be h>moniz$ ) ,veit ,dietri*'s ass]tion 9 8 lett] to ,fo]/]1 ,may #af3 ,ord]s 7 giv5 to write ab\t ! p[] ( ! ,pope ! primacy ( ,pet]1 & ! ecclesia/ical jurisdiction4 ,philip alone p]=m$ ?is v well4 7#c1 #cgj47 ,h[ev]1 entirely ap>t f ! /atem5t ( ,osi&]1 ! m]e fact t ! !ologians 7 ord]$ to prep>e ! docum5t1 & t x 0 deliv]$ by & 9 ! "n ( ^! !ologians1 suffici5tly w>rants u to speak ( ! docum5t z ,! ,tract ( ! ,s*ol>s at ,smalcald ) ! same propriety t1 = example1 ! op9ion :i* ,melan*?on drew up on ,augu/ #f1 #aecf1 is entitl$3 ,! ,fir/ ,proposal ( ! ,witt5b]g ,s*ol>s conc]n+ ! ,future ,c\ncil4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #aai47 ,,viii4 ,lu!r's ,ef=ts at ,re/or+ ,cate*etical ,in/ruction4 #ha4 ,mod]n ,rese>*es ,respect+ ,lu!r's ,cate*isms4 ,besides ,g4 v4 ,zezs*witz 7,sy/em d] *ri/li*kir*li*5 ,kate*etik1 #c volumes1 #ahfb to #ahgd7 & num]\s o!r contempor>y & lat] /ud5ts1 ,g4 ,bu*wald1 ,f4 ,cohrs1 & ,o4 ,albre*t h1 s9ce ! middle ( ! pa/ c5tury1 r5d]$ no mean s]vice by _! rese>*es p]ta9+ to ,lu!r's ,cate*isms4 ,bu*wald edit$ ! ?ree s]ies ( s]mons on ! ,five ,*ief ,p>ts :i* ,lu!r deliv]$ 9 #aebh1 po9t$ out _! important be>+ on 8 ,cate*isms1 & %$ new light on _! orig9 by discov]+ & exploit+ ! ,/ephan ,ro? correspond5ce4 ,he publi%$ ! results ( 8 labors 9 #ahid "u ! title1 ,! ,orig9 ( ! ,two ,cate*isms ( ,lu!r & ! ,f\ndation ( ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,die ,ent/ehung d] beid5 ,kate*ism5 ,lu!rs und die ,grundlage des ,gross5 ,kate*ismus4 ,f4 ,cohrs enri*$ ?is dep>tm5t ( k by 8 articles 9 ! ?ird edition ( ,h]zog's ,real5zyklopa$ie1 & especially by 8 five-volume "w on ,! ,evangelical ,cate*ism2 ,attempts ,prior to ,lu!r's ,en*iridion1 9 ,monum5ta ,g]maniae ,pa$agogica1 #aijj to #aijg4 ,9 #aije ,o4 ,albre*t 0 entru/$ ) ! prep>ation ( ,lu!r's ,cate*isms = ! ,weim> ,critical ,edition ( ,lu!r's ,complete ,works4 ,he also contribut$ ! ext5sive hi/orical sections ( ! fir/ ( ! ?ree p>ts ( ,vol4 #cj1 :]e ! ,cate*isms are treat$4 ,?is fir/ "p ( #hbf pages1 :i* appe>$ 9 #aiaj1 repres5ts ! late/ important rese>* "w on ! orig9 ( ,lu!r's ,cate*isms4 ,9 its preface ,r4 ,dres*] says3 ,! writ+s ( #aebi to #aecj1 9 _! totality 7 a difficult m\nta91 & x gives u p>ticul> joy f9ally to h surm\nt$ x4 ,& ! mo/ difficult & labori\s "p ( ! way1 at lea/ 9 view ( ! compreh5sive treatm5t x 0 to receive1 0 ! publication ( ! ,l>ge & ! ,small ,cate*ism1 includ+ ! ?ree s]ies ( ,cate*ism ,s]mons4 444 ,! h>ve/ :i* 0 g>n]$ fills a l>ge volume ( our edition4 #hb4 ,mean+ ( ! ,^w ,cate*ism4 ,! t]m cate*ismus 7cate*ism71 l its relat$ t]ms1 cate*esis1 cate*iz>i1 cate*um5i1 0 common 9 ! anci5t ,*ur*4 ,9 8 ,gloss>ium1 ,du ,cange def9es x z in/itutio pu]orum etiam rec5s natorum1 ante quam baptiz5tur--! in/ruction ( *ildr51 also ^? rec5tly born1 be=e _! baptism4 ,! synonym\s expression1 cate*esis1 he describes z in/itutio primorum fidei ,*ri/ianae rudim5torum1 de quibus kateceseis suas scripsit ,s4 ,cyrillus ,j]usolymitanus--in/ruction 9 ! fir/ rudim5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 ab\t :i* ,/4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem wrote 8 cate*izations4 7#b1 #bbb;f47 ,also ,lu!r 0 acqua9t$ ) ?is usage 9 ! anci5t ,*ur*4 ,he began 8 ,cate*ism s]mon ( ,novemb] #cj1 #aebh1 ) ! words3 ,^! p>ts :i* y he>d me recite ! old ,fa!rs call$ cate*ism1 i4e41 a s]mon = *ildr5 :i* *ildr5 %\ld "k & all :o desire to be ,*ri/ians4 7,weim> #cj1 #a1 #eg47 ,at fir/ ,lu!r seems to h employ$ ! t]m b seldom2 lat] on1 h[ev]1 especially aft] #aebf1 m frequ5tly4 ,evid5tly he 0 b5t on popul>iz+ x4 ,betwe5 ! ,preface & ! ,decalog ( ! fir/ ,witt5b]g book edition ( ! ,small ,cate*ism we f9d ! title1 ,a ,small ,cate*ism or ,*ri/ian ,tra9+--,e9 kle9] ,kate*ismus od] *ri/li*e ,zu*t4 ,no d\bt1 ,lu!r add$ ! explanation *ri/li*e ,zu*t because ! ^w cate*ism _h n yet become curr5t among ! p4 ,may #ah1 #aebh1 he began 8 s]mon ) ! explanation3 ,cate*ismus dicitur in/ructio --,cate*ism is in/ruction2 likewise ! s]mon ( ,septemb] #ad3 ,cate*ism1 i4e41 an in/ruction or ,*ri/ian tea*+1 ! s]mon ( ,novemb] #cj3 ,cate*ism1 i4e41 a s]mon = *ildr54 ,9 ! ,preface to 8 ,small ,cate*ism he aga9 expla9s ! t]m z ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,?us ,lu!r endeavor$ to famili>ize ! p ) ! ^w cate*ism4 ,! mean+ ( ?is t]m1 h[ev]1 is n always ! same4 ,x may designate ! act ( in/ruct+1 ! subject-matt] or ! doctr9e imp>t$1 a summ>y !re(1 ! text ( ! traditional *ief p>ts1 or a book conta9+ ! cate*ismal doctr9e1 text1 or text ) explanation4 ,lu!r us$ ! ^w mo/ frequ5tly & pref]ably 9 ! s5se ( in/ruction4 ,?is appe>s f ! def9itions quot$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph1 :]e cate*ism is def9$ z s]mon1 in/ruction1 ,*ri/ian tra9+1 etc4 ,y h ! cate*ism 7! doctr9e71 says ,lu!r1 9 small & l>ge books4 ,bug5hag5 def9es ?us3 ,kate*ismus1 dat is1 *ri/like und]ri*t+e ut d5 teyn gebad5 ,gades4 ,9 ! ,apology1 ,melan*?on employs ! ^w cate*ism z id5tical ) ka!*esis pu]orum1 in/ruction ( ! "y 9 ! ,*ri/ian fundam5tals4 7#cbd1 #da47 ,accord+ly1 says ,o4 ,albre*t1 cate*ism means elem5t>y in/ruction 9 ,*ri/ianity1 conceiv$1 fir/1 z ! act2 !n1 z ! mat]ial = in/ruction2 !n1 z ! cont5ts ( a book1 & f9ally1 z ! book itself4 ,?is usage mu/ be borne 9 m9d also :]e ,lu!r speaks ( 8 own ,cate*isms4 ,g]man ,cate*ism means in/ruction 91 or prea*+ on1 ! traditional *ief p>ts 9 ! ,g]man language4 ,& :ile ,en*iridion signifies a book ( small compass1 ! title ,small ,cate*ism 7z appe>s f ! old subtitle3 ,e9 kle9] ,kate*ismus od] *ri/li*e ,zu*t7 means in/ruction 9 ! *ief p>ts1 proce$+ ) compact brevity1 &1 at ! same "t1 ^! p>ts !mselves toge!r ) ! explanations add$4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #ded4 #eci47 ,z ! title ( a book ! ^w cate*ism 0 fir/ employ$ by ,al?am] 9 #aebh1 & by ,br5z z ! subtitle ( 8 ,que/ions 7,frage/uecke74 ,a s*ool-book writt5 by ,john ,colet 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury be>s ! title ,cate*yzon1 ,! ,in/ructor4 7#def47 ,n e k9d ( ,*ri/ian in/ruction1 h[ev]1 is call$ cate*ism by ,lu!r4 ,:5ev] he uses ! ^w1 he has 9 m9d beg9n]s1 *ildr51 & unle>n$ p4 ,9 8 ,g]man ,ord] ( ,wor%ip1 ,deuts*e ,messe1 ( #aebf1 he writes3 ,cate*ism is an in/ruction :]eby hea!n :o desire to become ,*ri/ians are taught & %[n :at !y mu/ believe1 d1 n d1 & "k 9 ,*ri/ianity1 h5ce ! "n cate*um5s 0 giv5 to pupils :o 7 accept$ = su* in/ruction & :o le>n$ ! ,cre$ previ\s to _! baptism4 7#ai1 #gf47 ,9 8 s]mon ( ,novemb] #cj1 #aebh3 ,! ,cate*ism is a s]mon = *ildr51 :i* ! *ildr5 & all :o desire to be ,*ri/ians mu/ "k4 ,:oev] does n "k x _c be numb]$ among ! ,*ri/ians4 ,= if he does n "k ^! ?+s1 x is evid5t t ,god & ,*ri/ mean no?+ to him4 7#cj1 #a1 #eg47 ,9 8 s]mon ( ,septemb] #ad3 ,?is cate*ism is prea*+ = *ildr51 or1 ! ,bible ( ! laity1 :i* s]ves ! pla9 p4 ,:oev]1 !n1 does n "k ^! ?+s1 & is unable to recite !m & und]/& !m1 _c be consid]$ a ,*ri/ian4 ,x is = ?is reason1 too1 t x be>s ! "n cate*ism1 i4e41 in/ruction & ,*ri/ian tea*+1 s9ce all ,*ri/ians at ! v lea/ %\ld "k ?is mu*4 ,aft]w>d !y ought to le>n m ( ! ,scriptures4 ,h5ce1 let all *ildr5 gov]n !mselves accord+ly1 & see t !y le>n x4 7#bg47 ,may #ah ,lu!r began 8 s]mon ?us3 ,! prea*+ ( ! ,cate*ism 0 begun t x might s]ve z an in/ruction = *ildr5 & ! unle>n$4 444 ,= e ,*ri/ian mu/ necess>ily "k ! ,cate*ism4 ,:oev] does n "k x _c be numb]$ among ! ,*ri/ians4 7#b47 ,9 ! %ort ,preface to ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism3 ,?is s]mon is design$ & und]tak5 t x might be an in/ruction = *ildr5 & ! simplem9d$4 ,h5ce1 ( old x 0 call$ 9 ,greek cate*ism1 i4e41 in/ruction = *ildr51 :at e ,*ri/ian mu/ ne$s "k1 s t he :o does n "k ?is c\ld n be numb]$ ) ! ,*ri/ians nor be admitt$ to any ,sacram5t4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl41 #ege1 #a2 #ece1 #aa47 #hc4 ,*ief ,p>ts ( ,cate*ism4 ,9 ,lu!r's op9ion ! elem5t>y doctr9es :i* =m ! subject- matt] ( ! ,cate*ism are compris$ 9 ! ?ree traditional p>ts3 ,decalog1 ,cre$1 & ,"l's ,pray]4 ,^! he consid]$ to be ! gi/ ( ! doctr9e e "o mu/ le>n if he w\ld be reg>d$ & treat$ z a ,*ri/ian4 ,^? :o are unwill+ to le>n x1 says ,lu!r1 %\ld be told t !y d5y ,*ri/ & are no ,*ri/ians2 nei!r %\ld !y be admitt$ to ! ,sacram5ts1 accept$ z sponsors at ,baptism1 nor ex]cise any "p ( ,*ri/ian lib]ty4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #ece1 #aa47 ,( c\rse1 ,lu!r consid]$ ^! ?ree p>ts only a m9imum1 :i*1 h[ev]1 ,*ri/ians :o p>take ( ! ,"l's ,supp] %\ld /rive to exce$1 b /ill suffici5t = *ildr5 & pla9 p4 7#ege1 #e47 ,ev5 9 8 lat] ye>s1 ,lu!r speaks ( ! fir/ ?ree p>ts z ! ,cate*ism prop]4 ,h[ev]1 probably 9 consequ5ce ( ! controv]sy ) ! ,en?usia/s1 :i* began 9 #aebd1 ,lu!r soon add$ z supplem5ts ! p>ts treat+ ( ,baptism1 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 & ,confession4 ,9 ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 :]e ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp] appe> z app5dices1 ,lu!r emphasizes ! fact t ! fir/ ?ree p>ts =m ! k]nel ( ! ,cate*ism1 b t in/ruction 9 ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp] mu/ also be imp>t$4 ,^! 7fir/ ?ree71 says he1 are ! mo/ necess>y p>ts1 :i* "o %\ld fir/ le>n to repeat ^w = ^w4 444 ,n[1 :5 ^! ?ree p>ts are appreh5d$1 x behooves a p]son also to "k :at to say conc]n+ our ,sacram5ts1 :i* ,*ri/ ,himself in/itut$1 ,baptism & ! holy body & blood ( ,*ri/1 namely1 ! text :i* ,mat!w & ,m>k record at ! close ( _! gospels1 :5 ,*ri/ said f>ewell to ,8 disciples & s5t !m =?4 7#egi1 #bj47 ,lu!r reg>d$ a correct k ( ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp] n only z useful1 b z necess>y4 ,beg9n+ 8 explanation ( ! ,f\r? ,*ief ,"p1 he rem>ks3 ,we h n[ f9i%$ ! ?ree *ief p>ts ( ! common ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,besides ^! we h yet to speak ( our two ,sacram5ts in/itut$ by ,*ri/1 ( :i* also e ,*ri/ian ought to h at lea/ an ord9>y1 brief in/ruction1 because )\t !m !re c be no ,*ri/ian2 al?\gh1 alas6 hi!rto no in/ruction conc]n+ !m has be5 giv54 7#gcc1 #a47 ,?us ,lu!r mat]ially enl>g$ ! ,cate*ism4 ,true1 sev]al pray]- & confession-books1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! late ,middle ,ages1 also treat ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,z = ! p1 h[ev]1 x 0 consid]$ suffici5t = laym5 to be able to recite ! names ( ! sev5 ,roman sacram5ts4 ,h5ce ,lu!r1 9 ! passage cit$ f ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 decl>es t 9 ,pop]y practically no?+ ( ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp] 0 taught1 c]ta9ly no?+ wor? :ile or :olesome4 #hd4 ,p>ts ,inh]it$ f ,anci5t ,*ur*4 ,! text ( ! fir/ ?ree *ief p>ts1 ,lu!r consid]$ a sacr$ heirloom f ! anci5t ,*ur*4 ,=1 says he 9 8 ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 ! holy ,fa!rs or apo/les h ?us embrac$ 9 a summ>y ! doctr9e life1 wisdom1 & art ( ,*ri/ians1 ( :i* !y speak & treat1 & ) :i* !y are occupi$4 7#egi1 #ai47 ,?us ,lu!r1 always cons]vative1 did n reject ! traditional cate*ism1 bo? bag & baggage1 b c>efully di/+ui%$ betwe5 ! good1 :i* he reta9$1 & ! wor?less1 :i* he disc>d$4 ,9 fact1 he no m dreamt ( foi/+ a new doctr9e or cate*ism on ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ?an he ev] ?\ght ( f\nd+ a new *ur*4 ,on ! contr>y1 8 sole object 0 to re/ore ! anci5t ,apo/olic ,*ur*1 & 8 cate*etical endeavors 7 b5t on br++ to light once m1 purify+1 expla9+1 & re/or+1 ! old cate*ism ( ! fa!rs4 ,9 8 book ,wid] ,hans ,wor/1 #aeda1 ,lu!r says3 ,we h rema9$ fai?ful to ! true & anci5t ,*ur*2 aye1 we are ! true & anci5t ,*ur*4 ,y ,papi/s1 h[ev]1 h apo/atiz$ f u1 i4e41 f ! anci5t ,*ur*1 & h set up a new *ur* 9 opposition to ! anci5t ,*ur*4 ,9 h>mony ) ?is view1 ,lu!r repeat$ly & emphatically ass]t$ t 9 8 ,cate*ism he 0 m]ely protect+ & gu>d+ an inh]itance ( ! fa!rs1 :i* he _h pres]v$ to ! ,*ur* by 8 correct explanation4 ,9 8 ,g]man ,ord] ( ,wor%ip we read3 ,i "k ( no simpl] nor bett] arrangem5t ( ?is in/ruction or doctr9e ?an ! arrangem5t :i* has exi/$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ,*ri/5dom1 viz41 ! ?ree p>ts1 ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ,cre$1 & ! ,"l's ,pray]4 7,w4 #ai1 #gf47 ,9 ! anci5t ,*ur* ! orig9al p>ts = cate*um5s & sponsors 7 ! ,symbolum & ! ,pat]no/]1 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ & ! ,"l's ,pray]4 ,to ^! ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts 7 add$ z a =mal "p ( doctr9e only s9ce ! ?irte5? c5tury4 7#cj1 #a1 #dcd47 ,! usual sequ5ce ( ^! p>ts 03 ,"l's ,pray]1 ,apo/les' ,cre$1 &1 :]ev] x 0 n supplant$ by o!r matt]1 ! ,decalog4 ,x 0 ) delib]ation !n1 t ,lu!r sub/itut$ 8 own objective1 logical ord]4 ,9 8 ,%ort ,=m ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,cre$1 & ! ,"l's ,pray]1 #aebj ,lu!r speaks z foll[s ( ! ?ree traditional p>ts1 :i* ,god pres]v$ to ! ,*ur* 9 spite ( ! ,papacy3 ,x did n come to pass )\t ! special provid5ce ( ,god1 t1 ) ref]5ce to ! common ,*ri/ian1 :o _c read ! ,scriptures1 x 0 comm&$ to tea* & to "k ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ,cre$1 & ,"l's ,pray] :i* ?ree p>ts inde$ ?or\ghly & completely embrace all t is conta9$ 9 ! ,scripture & may ev] be prea*$1 all also t a ,*ri/ian ne$s to "k1 & ?is1 too1 9 a =m s brief & simple t no "o c compla9 or (f] ! excuse t x is too mu*1 & t x is too h>d = him to rememb] :at is ess5tial to 8 salvation4 ,= 9 ord] to be sav$1 a man mu/ "k ?ree ?+s3 ,fir/1 he mu/ "k :at he is to d & leave undone4 ,secondly1 :5 he realizes t by 8 own /r5g? he is unable to d x & leave x undone1 he mu/ "k :]e he may take1 seek1 & f9d t :i* w enable him to d & to refra94 ,?irdly1 he mu/ "k h[ he may seek & obta9 x4 ,ev5 z a sick man ne$s fir/ ( all to "k :at disease he has1 :at he may or may n d1 or leave undone4 ,!reupon he ne$s to "k :]e ! m$ic9e is :i* w help him1 t he may d & leave undone l a heal?y p]son4 ,f\r?ly1 he mu/ desire x1 seek & get x1 or h x br\ght to him4 ,9 l mann] ! comm&m5ts tea* a man to "k 8 disease1 t he may see & p]ceive :at he c d & n d1 leave & n leave1 & ?us p]ceive t he is a s9n] & a wick$ man4 ,!reupon ! ,cre$ holds be=e 8 eyes & tea*es him :]e to f9d ! m$ic9e1 ! grace :i* w help him become pi\s1 t he may keep ! comm&m5ts1 & %[s him ,god & ,8 m]cy z reveal$ & (f]$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,fif?ly1 ! ,"l's ,pray] tea*es him h[ to ask =1 get & obta9 x1 namely1 by prop]1 humble1 & com=t+ pray]4 ,^! ?ree ?+s comprise ! entire ,scriptures4 7,w4 #g1 #bjd47 ,x 0 ?+s su* z ! *ief p>ts ( ! ,cate*ism t ,lu!r _h 9 m9d :5 he wrote aga9/ ! fanatics1 #aebh3 ,we confess t ev5 "u ! ,papacy !re are _m ,*ri/ian bless+s aye1 all ,*ri/ian bless+s1 & !nce !y h come to u3 ! true ,holy ,scriptures1 true ,baptism1 ! true ,sacram5t ( ! ,alt>1 true keys = ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 ! true (fice ( ! m9i/ry1 ! true cate*ism1 su* z ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts ! ,articles ( ,fai?1 etc4 7#bf1 #adg47 ,lu!r's mean+ is1 t 9 ! mid/ ( anti*ri/5dom & despite ! ,pope1 ! text ( ! ?ree *ief p>ts 01 among o!r ?+s1 pres]v$ to ! ,*ur*4 #he4 ,s]vice ,r5d]$ ,cate*ism by ,lu!r4 ,! fact t ! text ( ! ?ree *ief p>ts exi/$ long be=e ,lu!r does n detract f ! s]vice :i* he r5d]$ ! ,cate*ism4 ,lu!r's "w1 moreov]1 consi/$ 9 ?is1 #a4 t he br\ght ab\t a g5]al revival ( ! in/ruction 9 ! ,cate*ism ( ! anci5t ,*ur*2 #b4 t he complet$ x by add+ ! p>ts treat+ ( ,baptism1 ,confession1 & ! ,"l's ,supp]2 #c4 t he purg$ its mat]ial f all mann] ( papal balla/2 #d4 t he elim9at$ ! ,romi% int]pretation & adult]ation 9 ! int]e/ ( "w-righte\sness2 #e4 t he refill$ ! anci5t =ms ) _! g5u9e ,evangelical & ,scriptural mean+4 ,be=e ,lu!r's "t ! /udy ( ! ,cate*ism _h ev]y:]e fall5 into decay4 ,!re 7 b few :o knew its text1 & :5 able to recite x1 !y did n und]/& x4 ,! s\l ( all ,*ri/ian tru?s1 ! ,gospel ( ,god's free p>don = ,*ri/'s sake1 _h dep>t$4 ,conc]n+ ! ?ree p>ts :i* h rema9$ 9 ,*ri/5dom f ( old ,lu!r said t little ( x _h be5 taught & treat$ correctly4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #ege1 #f47 ,9 8 ,w>n+ to ,my ,de> ,g]mans1 ( #aeca1 he enl>ges on ! same ?\ght z foll[s2 ,?anks to ,god1 our ,gospel has produc$ mu* & great good4 ,=m]ly no "o knew :at 0 ,gospel1 :at ,*ri/1 :at ,baptism1 :at ,confession1 :at ,sacram5t1 :at fai?1 :at _s1 :at fle%1 :at good works1 :at ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 :at ! ,"l's ,pray]1 :at pray+1 :at suff]+1 :at com=t1 :at civil gov]nm5t1 :at matrimony1 :at p>5ts1 :at *ildr51 :at lords1 :at s]vant1 :at mi/ress :at maid1 :at devil1 :at angel1 :at _w1 :at life1 :at dea?1 :at s91 :at "r1 :at =giv5ess ( s91 :at ,god1 :at bi%op1 :at pa/or1 :at ,*ur*1 :at a ,*ri/ian1 :at ! cross4 ,sum1 we knew no?+ ( :at a ,*ri/ian %\ld "k4 ,ev]y?+ 0 obscur$ & suppress$ by ! papal asses4 ,= 9 ,*ri/ian matt]s !y are asses inde$1 aye1 great1 co>se1 unle>n$ asses4 ,= ,i also 0 "o ( !m & "k t 9 ?is ,i am speak+ ! tru?4 ,& all pi\s he>ts :o 7 captive "u ! ,pope1 ev5 z ,i1 w be> me out t !y w\ld fa9 h kn[n "o ( ^! ?+s1 yet 7 n able nor p]mitt$ to "k x4 ,we knew no bett] ?an t ! prie/s & monks alone 7 ev]y?+2 on _! works we bas$ our hope ( salvation & n on ,*ri/4 ,?anks to ,god1 h[ev]1 x has n[ come to pass t man & woman1 "y & old1 "k ! ,cate*ism1 & h[ to believe1 live1 pray1 suff]1 & die2 & t is inde$ a spl5did in/ruction = consci5ces1 tea*+ !m h[ to be a ,*ri/ian & to "k ,*ri/4 7,w4 #cj1 #c1 #cag47 ,?us ,lu!r extols x z ! great a*ievem5t ( 8 day t n[ e "o knew ! ,cate*ism1 :]eas =m]ly ,*ri/ian doctr9e 0 unkn[n or at lea/ n und]/ood aright4 ,& ?is a*ievem5t is preem95tly a s]vice :i* ,lu!r r5d]$4 ,he reviv$ once m ! anci5t cate*etical p>ts ( doctr9e1 plac$ !m 9 ! prop] ,biblical light1 p]meat$ !m ) ! ,evangelical _s1 & expla9$ !m 9 con=mity ) ! und]/&+ ( ! ,gospel :i* he _h ga9$ anew1 /ress+ especially ! f9is hi/oriae 7! div9e purpose ( ! hi/orical facts ( ,*ri/ianity1 z record$ 9 ! ,second ,article71 ! =giv5ess ( s9s n by works ( our own1 b by grace1 = ,*ri/'s sake4 #hf4 ,cate*etical ,in/ruction be=e ,lu!r4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ! ,"l's ,pray] & ! ,cre$ 7 call$ ! *ief p>ts = sponsors 7,pat5haupt/uecke71 s9ce ! canons requir$ sponsors to "k !m1 & at ,baptism !y 7 obligat$ to tea* ^! p>ts to _! god*ildr54 ,! *ildr51 !n1 7 to le>n ! ,cre$ & ! ,"l's ,pray] f _! p>5ts & sponsors4 ,s9ce ! ,c>ol+ian ,epo* ^! regulations ( ! ,*ur* 7 (t5 repeat$1 z1 = example1 9 ! ,exhortation to ! ,*ri/ian ,laity ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,f ! same c5tury dates ! regulation t an explanation ( ! ,cre$ & ! ,"l's ,pray] %\ld be f\nd 9 e p>i%1 self-evid5tly to facilitate prea*+ & ! exam9ation 9 confession4 ,9 confession1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,lat]an ,c\ncil1 #abae1 ev]ybody 0 requir$ to make at lea/ once a ye>1 ! prie/s 7 to inquire also reg>d+ ?is in/ruction & h ! *ief p>ts recit$4 ,s9ce ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ! ,cre$1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 toge!r ) ! ,b5$icite1 ,gratias1 ,ave ,m>ia1 ,psalms1 & o!r matt]1 7 taught also 9 ! ,lat9 s*ools1 :]e probably ,lu!r1 too1 le>n$ !m4 ,9 ! ,in/ruction = ,visitors1 ,melan*?on /ill m5tions d] ,k9d] ,h&bue*le91 d>9 das ,alphabet1 ,vat]uns]1 ,glaub' und &]e ,gebet' inn5 /eh5--,manual = ,*ildr51 conta9+ ! alphabet1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ! ,cre$1 & o!r pray]s1 z ! fir/ s*oolbook4 7,w4 #bf1 #bcg47 ,aft] ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 *>t-impressions ) pictures illu/rat+ ! ,cre$1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts came into ! possession also ( "s laym54 ,! poor] classes1 h[ev]1 _h to cont5t !mselves ) ! *>ts 9 ! *ur*es1 :i* especially ,nicolaus ( ,cusa endeavor$ to introduce ev]y:]e4 7,h]zog's ,real5zyklopa$ie #aj1 #ach47 ,!y 7 foll[$ by confessional booklets1 pray]-booklets1 & also by volum9\s books ( devotion4 ,ap>t f o!r tra%1 ^! conta9$ confessional & communion pray]s in/ructions on ,rep5tance1 ,confession1 & ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,alt>2 above all1 h[ev]1 a mirror ( s9s1 int5d$ z a guide = self-exam9ation1 on ! basis ( v>i\s li/s ( s9s & catalogs ( virtues1 :i* supplant+ ! ,decalog 7 to be memoriz$4 ,self-evid5tly1 all ?is 0 n int5d$ z a s*oolma/] to br+ !m to ,*ri/ & to fai? 9 ! free grace ( ,god1 b m]ely to s]ve ! int]e/ ( ! ,romi% p5ances1 satisfactions1 & "w-righte\sness4 ,says ,lu!r 9 ! ,smalcald ,articles3 ,"h1 too1 !re 0 no fai? nor ,*ri/1 & ! virtue ( ! absolution 0 n decl>$ to him1 b ^u 8 enum]ation ( s9s & 8 self-abasem5t dep5d$ 8 consolation4 ,:at torture1 rascality1 & idolatry su* confession has produc$ is m ?an c be relat$4 7#dhe1 #bj47 ,! *ief p>ts ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e b little taught & n[h]e correctly taught1--su* 0 ! *ief hurt ( ! ,*ur* "u ! ,papacy4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t1 h[ev]1 ev5 ?is defici5t & false in/ruction gradually fell into decay4 ,! influ5ce ( ! ,lat9 s*ools 0 n v f>-rea*+1 _! numb] be+ v small 9 proportion to ! "y4 ,public s*ools = ! p did n exi/ 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,z a matt] ( fact n a s+le synod conc]n$ itself specifically ) ! in/ruction ( ! "y4 7,h4 ,r4 #aj1 #acg47 ,at home1 p>5ts & sponsors became increas+ly indiff]5t & incompet5t = tea*+4 ,true1 ! re=m]s ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies did attempt to elevate ! in/ruction also 9 ! ,cate*ism4 ,geil]'s s]mons on ! ,"l's ,pray] 7 publi%$4 ,g]son admoni%$3 ,! re=mation ( ! ,*ur* mu/ beg9 ) ! "y1 & publi%$ s]mons on ! ,decalog z models = ! use ( ! cl]gy4 ,john ,wolf also urg$ t ! "y be in/ruct$1 & endeavor$ to sub/itute ! ,decalog = ! preval5t catalogs ( s9s4 ,! ,humani/s ,john ,wimphel+1 ,erasmus1 & ,john ,colet 7:o wrote ! ,cate*yzon1 :i* ,erasmus r5d]$ into ,lat9 hexamet]s7 urg$ ! same ?+4 ,pet] ,tritonius ,a!s9us wrote a simil> book ( in/ruction = ! ,lat9 s*ools4 ,h[ev]1 all ( ^! attempts prov$ ineffectual1 & ev5 if successful1 !y w\ld h accompli%$ little = truly ,*ri/ian in/ruction1 su* z ,lu!r advocat$1 s9ce ! real ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! doctr9e ( ju/ification1 0 unkn[n to ^! re=m]s4 ,?us 9 ! c\rse ( "t ! p1 & especially ! "y1 grew m & m defici5t 9 ! k ( ev5 ! simple/ ,*ri/ian tru?s & facts4 ,& bi%ops & prie/s1 unconc]n$ ab\t ! anci5t canons1 /olidly look$ on :ile ,*ri/5dom 0 s9k+ deep] & deep] into ! quagmire ( total religi\s ignorance & indiff]5ce4 ,)\t fe>+ contradiction1 ,melan*?on decl>$ 9 8 ,apology3 ,among ! adv]s>ies !re is no cate*ization ( ! *ildr5 :atev]1 conc]n+ :i* ev5 ! canons give comm&s4 444 ,among ! adv]s>ies1 9 _m regions z 9 ,italy & ,spa91 dur+ ! entire ye> no s]mons are deliv]$1 except 9 ,l5t4 7#cbe1 #da47 #hg4 ,m$ieval ,books ( ,pray] & ,in/ruction4 ,conc]n+ ! a=em5tion$ ,ca?olic books ( pray] & edification :i*1 dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 s]v$ ! p z cate*isms1 ,lu!r1 9 8 ,pray]-,booklet ( #aebb 7:i* 0 int5d$ to supplant ! ,romi% pray]-books71 writes z foll[s3 ,among _m o!r h>mful doctr9es & booklets :i* h s$uc$ & deceiv$ ,*ri/ians & giv5 rise to c\ntless sup]/itions1 ,i d n consid] z ! lea/ ! pray]-booklets1 by :i* s mu* di/ress ( confess+ & enum]at+ s9s1 su* un*ri/ian folly 9 ! pray]s to ,god & ,8 sa9ts 0 inculcat$ ^u ! unle>n$1 & :i*1 nev]!less1 7 highly puff$ ) indulg5ces & r$ titles1 &1 9 addition1 bore preci\s names1 "o be+ call$ ,hortulus ,animae1 ! o!r ,p>adisus ,animae1 & s =?4 ,!y are 9 sore ne$ ( a ?or\gh & s\nd re=mation1 or to be eradicat$ entirely1 a s5t5ce :i* ,i also pass on ! ,passional or ,leg5d books1 to :i* also a great deal has be5 add$ by ! devil4 7,w4 #aj1 #a1 #cge47 ,! ,hortulus ,animae1 :i* is m5tion$ ev5 be=e #aejj1 0 widely circulat$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x embrac$ all =ms ( edify+ lit]ature4 ,seba/ian ,br&t & ,jacob ,wimphel+ help$ to compile x4 ,! ,p>adisus ,animae _h ! same cont5ts1 b 0 probably spread 9 ,lat9 only4 ,! ,hortulus ,animae conta9s v complete ro/]s ( s9s & catalogs ( virtues = confess+ & enum]at+ s9s4 ,among ! virtues are li/$ ! bodily works ( m]cy 7,matt4 #be1 #ce7 & ! sev5 spiritual works ( m]cy3 to in/ruct ! ignorant1 give c\nsel to ! d\btful1 com=t ! afflict$1 admoni% s9n]s1 p>don adv]s>ies suff] wrong1 & =give ! enemies4 ,among ! virtues 7 c\nt$ ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/3 wisdom1 und]/&+1 ability1 k9dness1 c\nsel1 /r5g?1 & fe>4 ,fur!rmore ! ?ree div9e virtues3 fai?1 hope & *>ity4 ,! f\r c>d9al virtues3 prud5ce1 ju/ice1 =titude1 & temp]ance4 ,! eight beatitudes accord+ to ,matt4 #e1 #c;ff4 ,! twelve c\nsels3 pov]ty1 ob$i5ce1 *a/ity1 love ( enemies1 meekness1 abundant m]cy1 simplicity ( words1 n too mu* c>e = temporal ?+s1 correct purpose & simplicity ( de$s1 h>mony ( doctr9e & works1 flee+ ! cause ( s91 bro!rly admonition4 ,f9ally also ! sev5 sacram5ts4 ,! li/ ( s9s conta9s ! n9e =eign s9s1 ! six s9s aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! f\r s9s t cry to ,god = v5geance1 ! five s5ses ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 & ! sev5 mortal s9s3 pride1 covet\sness1 un*a/ity1 ang]1 gluttony1 envy1 & slo?4 ,ea* ( ^! mortal s9s is aga9 analyz$ ext5sively4 ,! ,weim> edition ( ,lu!r's ,works rem>ks3 ,if ^! catalogs 7 employ$ = self-exam9ation1 confusion1 endless torm5t1 or complete ext]nalization ( ! consci\sness ( s9 0 b\nd to result4 ,we c !re=e und]/& :y ! ,re=m] inveighs aga9/ ?is 'enum]at+ ( s9s4' 7#aj1 #b1 #ccf47 ,! ,hortulus ,animae also %[s h[ ,lu!r 0 oblig$ to purge ! ,cate*ism f all mann] ( un*ri/ian follies1 z he calls !m4 ,= ! entire book is p]vad$ by idolatr\s adoration ( ! sa9ts4 ,an acro/ic pray] to ,m>y addresses h] z m$iatrix1 auxiliatrix1 rep>atrix1 illum9atrix1 advocatrix4 ,9 ,engli% ! pray] w\ld read z foll[s3 ,o ,m>y1 ?\ m$iator betwe5 ,god & m51 make ( ?yself ! m$ium betwe5 ! righte\s ,god & me1 a poor s9n]6 ,o ,m>y1 ?\ help] 9 all angui% & ne$1 come to my assi/ance 9 all suff]r+s1 & help me resi/ & /rive aga9/ ! evil spirits & ov]come all my temptations & afflictions4 ,o ,m>y1 ?\ re/or] ( lo/ grace to all m51 re/ore unto me my lo/ "t1 my s9ful & wa/$ life6 ,o ,m>y1 ?\ illum9ator1 :o did/ give bir? to ! et]nal ,light ( ! :ole _w1 illum9e my bl9dness & ignorance1 le/ ,i1 poor s9n] t ,i am1 ent] ! d>kness ( et]nal dea?4 ,o ,m>y1 ?\ advocate ( all mis]able m51 be ?\ my advocate at my la/ end be=e ! /]n judgm5t ( ,god1 & obta9 = me ! grace & ! fruit ( ?y womb1 ,jesus ,*ri/6 ,am54 ,ano!r pray] calls ,m>y ! mighty que5 ( heav51 ! holy empress ( ! angels1 ! "o :o /ays div9e wra?4 ,a pray] to ! elev5 ?\s& virg9s reads z foll[s3 ,o ye1 adorn$ ) *a/ity1 cr[n$ ) humility1 clad ) pati5ce1 cov]$ ) ! blossoms ( virtue1 well poli%$ ) mod]ation--,o ye preci\s pe>ls & *os5 virg9 maids1 help u 9 ! h\r ( dea?6 ,) ?is idolatry & sa9t-wor%ip silly sup]/ition 0 comb9$4 ,9 ord] to be efficaci\s1 a c]ta9 pray] prescrib$ 9 ! ,hortulus mu/ be spok5 n only ) true contrition & pure confession1 b also be=e a figure :i* _h appe>$ to ,/4 ,gregory4 ,:oev] (f]s a c]ta9 pray] be=e ! image ( ,our ,lady 9 ! ,sun w n dep>t ?is life un%riv51 & ?irty days be=e 8 dea? w see ! v adorable ,virg9 ,m>y prep>$ to help him4 ,ano!r pray] is good = pe/il5ce :5 spok5 be=e ! image ( ,/4 ,ann2 ano!r pray] to ,/4 ,m>g>et pr(its e woman 9 travail2 /ill ano!r pres]ves him :o says x f a sudd5 dea?4 ,all ( ^! promises h[ev]1 are f> surpass$ by ! indulg5ces assur$4 ,! pray] be=e ! app>ition ( ,/4 ,gregory obta9s #bd1fjj ye>s & #bd days ( indulg5ce3 ano!r promises indulg5ce = z _m days z our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ receiv$ w\nds dur+ ,8 passion1 viz4 #e1dge4 ,:oev] prays ! ,bridget-pray]s n only obta9s indulg5ce = himself1 b #ae s\ls ( 8 k9 are !reby deliv]$ f purgatory1 #ae s9n]s conv]t$1 & #ae righte\s confirm$ & e/abli%$ 9 _! good /&+4 7,w4 #aj1 #b1 #ccd47 ,also 9 ! *>t booklets = ! ,lat9 s*ools ( ! ,middle ,ages ! ,ave ,m>ia & ,salve ,reg9a play$ an important "p4--,su* 7 ! books :i*1 be=e ,lu!r1 7 to s]ve ! p z cate*isms1 or books ( in/ruction & pray]4 ,9 !m1 ev]y?+1 ev5 :at 0 "r & good 9 itself1 su* z ! ,cre$1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & ! ,decalog1 0 made to s]ve ,romi% sup]/ition & "w-righte\sness4 ,h5ce "o c easily und]/& :y ,lu!r dem&$ t !y be ei!r ?or\ghly re=m$ or eradicat$4 ,inde$1 ! dire ne$ ( ! ,*ur* 9 ?is respect 0 felt & lam5t$ by none soon] & m deeply ?an ,lu!r4 ,already 9 8 tract ,to ! ,*ri/ian ,nobility ( ! ,g]man ,nation1 #aebj1 he compla9$ t ,*ri/ian in/ruction ( ! "y 0 be+ neglect$4 ,he writes3 ,above all1 ! *ief & mo/ common lesson 9 ! high] & l[] s*ools ought to be ! ,holy ,scriptures & = ! "y boys1 ! ,gospel4 ,w\ld to ,god e city _h also a s*ool = girls1 :]e ! little maids might daily he> ! ,gospel = an h\r1 ei!r 9 ,g]man or 9 ,lat96 ,truly1 9 ! pa/ ! s*ools & conv5ts = m5 & wom5 7 f\nd$ = ?is purpose1 ) v laudable ,*ri/ian int5tion1 z we read ( ,/4 ,agnes & o!r sa9ts4 ,!re grew up holy virg9s & m>tyrs1 & ,*ri/5dom f>$ v well4 ,b n[ x am\nts to no?+ m ?an pray+ & s++4 ,ought n1 inde$1 e ,*ri/ian at ! age ( n9e or t5 ye>s "k ! entire holy ,gospel1 9 :i* 8 "n & life is writt58 ,does n ! sp9n] & ! seam/ress tea* ! same h&icraft to h] daught] :5 %e is /ill "y8 ,b n[ ev5 ! great m51 ! le>n$ prelates & bi%ops1 d n "k ! ,gospel4 ,h[ unju/ly d we deal ) ! poor y\? entru/$ to u1 fail+1 z we d1 to gov]n & in/ruct !m6 ,:at a sev]e reckon+ w be requir$ ( u because we d n set be=e !m ! ,^w ( ,god6 ,= unto !m is done z ,j]emiah says1 ,lam4 #b1 #aa4 #ab3 ',m9e eyes d fail ) te>s1 my b[els are tr\bl$1 my liv] is p\r$ ^u ! e>?1 = ! de/ruction ( ! daught] ( my p2 because ! *ildr5 & ! suckl+s swoon 9 ! /reets ( ! city4 ,!y say to _! mo!rs1 ,:]e is corn & w9e8 :5 !y swoon$ z ! w\nd$ 9 ! /reets ( ! city1 :5 _! s\l 0 p\r$ out into _! mo!rs' bosom4' ,b we d n see ! wret*$ mis]y1 h[ ! "y p1 9 ! mid/ ( ,*ri/5dom1 n[ also langui% & p]i% mis]ably = lack ( ! ,gospel1 9 :i* !y %\ld always be in/ruct$ & drill$4 7,w4 #f1 #dfa2 ,e4 #ba1 #cdi47 #hh4 ,*ur* ,visitation ,reveals ,deplorable ,ignorance4 ,! ,saxon ,visitation br\ght to light su* a total decay ( all ,*ri/ian k & ( ,*ri/ian in/ruction z ev5 ,lu!r _h n anticipat$4 ,aside f o!r evils 7cl]gym5 cohabit+ ) _! cooks1 addict$ to dr9k1 or ev5 conduct+ tav]ns1 etc471 ! p1 especially 9 ! villages1 7 f\nd to be grossly ignorant ( ev5 ! simple/ rudim5ts ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e & mo/ unwill+ to le>n any?+1 :ile _m pa/ors 7 utt]ly incompet5t to tea*4 ,accord+ to ! (ficial records1 "o prie/1 :o enjoy$ a great reputation z an exorci/1 c\ld n ev5 recite ! ,"l's ,pray] & ! ,cre$ flu5tly4 7,koe/l91 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 #b1 #da47 ,lu!r took "p 9 ! visitation ( ! ,electoral circuit f ! end ( ,octob] till aft] ! middle ( ,novemb]1 #aebh1 & aga9 f ! end ( ,decemb]1 #aebh1 till ,janu>y1 #aebi1 & on ,april #bf1 #aebi1 at ,torgau1 he1 too1 sign$ ! report on visitation4 ,:5 ,lu!r !re=e describes ! decay ( in/ruction 9 ,pop]y1 he speaks f p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ,janu>y1 #aebi1 he wrote to ,spalat93 ,moreov]1 conditions 9 ! congregations ev]y:]e are pitiable1 inasmu* z ! peasants le>n no?+1 "k no?+1 nev] pray1 d no?+ b abuse _! lib]ty1 make no confession1 receive no communion1 z if !y _h be5 altoge!r emancipat$ f religion4 ,!y h neglect$ _! papi/ical affairs 7ours !y despise7 to su* ext5t t x is t]rible to contemplate ! adm9i/ration ( ! papal bi%ops4 7,end]s #g1 #de47 ,! int5se he>ta*e & m+l$ feel+s :i* came ov] ,lu!r :5 he ?\ght ( ! ignorance :i* he f\nd dur+ ! visitation1 are describ$ 9 ! ,preface to ! ,small ,cate*ism z foll[s3 ,! deplorable mis]able condition :i* ,i discov]$ lately :5 ,i1 too1 0 a visitor1 has =c$ & urg$ me to prep>e ?is ,cate*ism1 or ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 9 ?is small1 pla91 simple =m4 ,m]cy6 ,good ,god6 :at manifold mis]y ,i beheld6 ,! common p1 especially 9 ! villages1 h no k :atev] ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 &1 alas6 _m pa/ors are altoge!r incapable1 & incompet5t to tea*4 ,nev]!less1 all ma9ta9 t !y are ,*ri/ians1 all h be5 baptiz$ & receive ! holy ,sacram5t4 ,yet !y _c recite ei!r ! ,"l's ,pray]1 or ! ,cre$1 or ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 !y live l dumb brutes & irrational sw9e2 & yet n[ t ! ,gospel has come1 !y h nicely le>n$ to abuse all lib]ty l exp]ts4 ,o ye bi%ops6 :at w ye ev] answ] to ,*ri/ = hav+ s %amefully neglect$ ! p & nev] = a mom5t dis*>g$ y\r (fice8 ,may all mis=tune flee y6 ,y comm& ! ,sacram5t 9 "o =m & insi/ on y\r human laws1 & yet at ! same "t y d n c>e 9 ! lea/ :e!r ! p "k ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ! ,cre$1 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 or any "p ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,woe1 woe1 unto y =ev]6 7#ecc1 #a;ff47 ,to ^! exp]i5ces made dur+ ! visitation1 ,lu!r also ref]s :5 he says 9 ! ,%ort ,preface to ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism3 ,= ,i well rememb] ! "t1 inde$1 ev5 n[ x is a daily occurr5ce t "o f9ds rude old p]sons :o knew no?+ & /ill "k no?+ ( ^! ?+s1 & :o1 nev]!less1 g to ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp]1 & use ev]y?+ belong+ to ,*ri/ians1 not)/&+ t ^? :o come to ! ,"l's ,supp] ought to "k m & h a full] und]/&+ ( all ,*ri/ian doctr9e ?an *ildr5 & new s*ol>s4 7#ege1 #e47 ,9 8 ,admonition to ! ,cl]gy ( #aecj1 ,lu!r describes ! conditions be=e ! ,re=mation z foll[s3 ,9 brief1 prea*+ & tea*+ 7 9 a wret*$ & he>t-r5d+ /ate4 ,/ill all ! bi%ops kept sil5ce & saw no?+ new1 al?\gh !y are n[ able to see a gnat 9 ! sun4 ,h5ce all ?+s 7 s confus$ & wild1 ow+ to ! discordant tea*+ & ! /range new op9ions1 t no "o 0 any long] able to "k :at 0 c]ta9 or unc]ta91 :at 0 a ,*ri/ian or an un*ri/ian4 ,! old doctr9e ( fai? 9 ,*ri/1 ( love1 ( pray]1 ( cross1 ( com=t 9 tribulation 0 entirely trodd5 d[n4 ,aye1 !re 0 9 all ! _w no doctor :o knew ! entire ,cate*ism1 t is1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 & ! ,cre$1 to say no?+ ( und]/&+ & tea*+ x1 z n[1 ,god be prais$1 x is be+ taught & le>n$1 ev5 by "y *ildr54 ,9 support ( ?is /atem5t ,i appeal to all _! books1 bo? ( !ologians & juri/s4 ,if a s+le "p ( ! ,cate*ism c be correctly le>n$ !refrom1 ,i am ready to be brok5 ^u ! :eel & to h my ve9s op5$4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #cja47 ,melan*?on1 ,jonas1 ,br5z1 ,george ( ,anhalt1 ,ma!sius1 & _m o!rs draw a simil> picture ( ! religi\s conditions prevail+ 9 ,g]many1 ,engl&1 & o!r l&s imm$iately prior to ! ,re=mation4 ,to be sure1 ,papi/s1 p>ticul>ly ,jesuits1 h disput$ ! accuracy & tru? ( ^! descriptions f ! p5 ( ,lu!r & 8 contempor>ies4 ,b array$ aga9/ ^! ,romi% apologetes is also ! te/imony ( ,papi/s !mselves4 ,9 8 ,ca?olicus ,cate*ismus1 publi%$ at ,cologne1 #aedc1 ,nausea writes3 ,i endeavor$ to r5ew ! in/ruction1 once well kn[n among all *ur*es1 :i*1 h[ev]1 n only rec5tly1 b long ago 7,i d n "k to ^: /upidity1 neglig5ce1 or ignorance ?is 0 due7 0 altoge!r =gott51 n )\t lam5table loss to ! ca?olic religion4 ,vet]em illam cate*es91 p] omnes quondam ecclesias p]celebrem non modo tum1 s$ et ante pridem1 nescio quorum vel socordia vel neglig5tia vel ignorantia1 non s9e po5it5da ca?olicae religionis iactura prorsus 9 oblivionem coeptam repet]e coepi4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #dfg47 ,moreov]1 :5 ,romani/s dispute ,lu!r's ass]tions1 !y ref] to ! "o po9t only1 t religi\s in/ruction 7z conceiv$ by ,ca?olics7 _h n decl9$ 9 ! measure claim$ by ,lu!r4 ,z to ! *ief po9t 9 ,lu!r's ass]tion1 h[ev]1 viz41 ! correct ,evangelical explanation ( ! ,cate*ism1 :i*1 9 ,lu!r's op9ion1 is ess5tial to all truly ,*ri/ian in/ruction1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has always be5 utt]ly devoid ( x n only prior to ! ,re=mation1 b also aft] x1 & d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,true1 ev5 dur+ ! ,re=mation "s ,papi/s 7 incit$ to great] zeal 9 prea*+ & tea*+4 ,x 0 a reaction aga9/ ! ,re=mation ( ,lu!r1 :o mu/ be reg>d$ z ! indirect cause also ( ! =mal improvem5t 9 ! in/ruction ( ! "y among ! ,romani/s4 ,to ma9ta9 _! p[]1 bi%ops & prie/s 7 compell$ to resume & cultivate x4 ,?is revival1 h[ev]1 meant only an int5sifi$ in/ruction 9 ! old "w-righte\sness1 & !re=e 0 ! v opposite ( ! in/ruction :i* ,lu!r desir$ & advocat$4 ,9 ! ,apology1 ,melan*?on1 aft] *>g+ ! ,papi/s ) totally neglect+ ! in/ruction ( ! "y1 cont9ues3 ,a few among !m n[ also beg9 to prea* ( good works4 ,b ( ! k ( ,*ri/1 ( fai?1 ( ! consolation ( consci5ces !y are unable to prea* any?+1 moreov]1 ?is bless$ doctr9e1 ! preci\s holy ,gospel1 !y call ,lu!ran4 7#cbf1 #dd47 #hi4 ,lu!r ,devis+ ,measures to ,re/ore ,cate*ism4 ,fully realiz+ ! g5]al decay ( ,*ri/ian tra9+1 ,lu!r at once direct$ all 8 ef=ts t[>d br++ ab\t a *ange = ! bett]4 ,& well aw>e ( ! fact t ! future belongs to ! ris+ g5]ation1 ! in/ruction ( ! common p1 & p>ticul>ly ( ! "y1 became increas+ly an object ( 8 especial conc]n4 ,if ! ,*ur*1 said he1 is to be help$1 if ! ,gospel is to be victori\s1 if ! ,re=mation is to succe$1 if ,satan & ,anti*ri/ are to be dealt a mortal bl[1 a bl[ f :i* !y w n recov]1 x mu/ be done ?r\gh ! "y4 ,= e cause :i* is n1 or _c be made1 ! cause ( ! ris+ g5]ation1 is doom$ f ! v outset4 ,?is is ! total ru9 ( ! ,*ur*1 said ,lu!r z e>ly z #aeaf2 = if ev] x is to fl\ri% aga91 "o mu/ beg9 by in/ruct+ ! "y4 ,haec e/ enim ecclesiae ru9a tota2 si enim unquam debet reflor]e1 necesse e/ ut a pu]orum in/itutione exordium fiat4 7,w4 #a1 #did47 ,=1 ap>t f be+ incapable ( mu* improvem5t1 ! old p w\ld soon disappe> f ! sc5e4 ,h5ce1 if ,*ri/ianity & its sav+ tru?s 7 to be pres]v$ to ! ,*ur*1 ! *ildr5 mu/ le>n !m f e>lie/ y\?4 ,9 8 ,l>ge ,cate*ism ,lu!r gave utt]ance to ^! ?\ghts z foll[s3 ,let ?is1 !n1 be said = exhortation1 n only = ^? ( u :o are old & gr[n1 b also = ! "y p1 :o ought to be br\ght up 9 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e & und]/&+4 ,= !reby ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,cre$1 & ! ,"l's ,pray] might be ! m easily inculcat$ ^u our y\?1 s t !y w\ld receive !m ) pleasure & e>ne/ness1 & ?us w\ld practise !m f _! y\? & accu/om !mselves to !m4 ,= ! old are n[ well-nigh done =1 s t ^! & o!r ?+s _c be atta9$1 unless we tra9 ! p :o are to come aft] u & succe$ u 9 our (fice & "w1 9 ord] t !y also may br+ up _! *ildr5 successfully1 t ! ,^w ( ,god & ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* may be pres]v$4 ,!re=e let e fa!r ( a family "k t x is 8 duty1 by ! injunction & comm& ( ,god1 to tea* ^! ?+s to 8 *ildr51 or h !m le>n :at !y ought to "k4 7#ggc1 #he47 ,a ?or\gh & la/+ revival ( ! ,cate*ism c be hop$ = only ?r\gh ! "y--su* 7 ,lu!r's convictions4 ,accord+ly he implor$ & adjur$ pa/ors & p>5ts n to refuse _! help 9 ?is matt]4 ,9 ! ,preface to 8 ,small ,cate*ism we read3 ,!re=e ,i entreat y all = ,god's sake1 my de> sirs & bre?r51 :o are pa/ors or prea*]s1 to devote y\rselves he>tily to y\r (fice1 to h pity on ! p :o are entru/$ to y1 & to help u inculcate ! ,cate*ism ^u ! p1 especially ^u ! "y4 7#ecc1 #f47 ,& z he e>ne/ly admoni%$ ! pa/ors1 s he also t5d]ly invit$ !m to be fai?ful 9 ?is "w4 ,he 0 firmly conv9c$ t no?+ except ! ,gospel1 z r$iscov]$ & prea*$ by himself1 0 able to save m54 ,h[1 !n1 c\ld he rema9 sil5t or ab&on ?is "w because ( ! hatr$ & ungratefulness ( m56 ,x 0 ?is new frame ( m9d1 produc$ by ! ,gospel1 to :i* ,lu!r appeal$ 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,cate*ism4 ,!re=e look to x1 ye pa/ors & prea*]s1 says he1 conclud+ ! ,preface to 8 ,small ,cate*ism4 ,our (fice is n[ become a diff]5t ?+ f :at x 0 "u ! ,pope2 x is n[ become s]i\s & salut>y4 ,accord+ly x n[ involves mu* m tr\ble & labor1 dang] & trials1 & 9 addition !reto secures b little rew>d & gratitude 9 ! _w4 ,b ,*ri/ ,himself w be our rew>d if we labor fai?fully4 7#eci1 #bf47 ,at ! same "t ,lu!r also took prop] /eps t[>d giv+ ! prea*]s frequ5t opportunity = ,cate*ism-"w4 ,s9ce #aebe ,witt5b]g _h a regulation prescrib+ qu>t]ly in/ruction 9 ! ,cate*ism by means ( special s]mons4 ,! ,in/ruction = ,visitors1 ( #aebg1 dem&$ t ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,articles ( ,fai?1 & ! ,"l's ,pray] be /eadily prea*$ & exp\nd$ on ,sunday aft]noons4 444 ,& :5 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,"l's ,pray] & ! ,cre$ h be5 prea*$ on ,sundays 9 succession1 matrimony1 & ! sacram5ts ( ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp] %all also be prea*$ dilig5tly4 ,9 ?is int]e/ ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & ! ,articles ( ,fai? %all be recit$ ^w = ^w1 = ! sake ( ! *ildr5 & o!r simple & ignorant folk4 7,w4 #bf1 #bcj47 ,novemb] #bi1 #aebh1 9 an admonition to att5d ^! ,cate*ism-s]mons1 ,lu!r proclaim$ f ! pulpit3 ,we h ord]$1 z hi!rto has be5 cu/om>y ) u1 t ! fir/ pr9ciples & ! fundam5tals ( ,*ri/ian k & life be prea*$ f\r times ea* ye>1 two weeks 9 ea* qu>t] f\r days p] week1 at #aj ,a4,m4 7,w4 #bg1 #ddd2 #bi1 #adf47 ,9 ,lu!r's s]mon ( ,novemb] #bg1 #aecj1 we read3 ,x is our cu/om to prea* ! ,cate*ism f\r times a ye>4 ,!re=e att5d ^! s]vices1 & let ! *ildr5 & ! re/ ( ! h\sehold come4 7#cb1 #bji47 ,septemb] #aj1 #aeca1 ,lu!r conclud$ 8 s]mon ) ! foll[+ admonition3 ,x is ! cu/om1 & ! "t ( ! ,cate*ism-s]mons is at h&4 ,i admoni% y to give ^! eight days to y\r ,"l & p]mit y\r h\sehold & *ildr5 to att5d1 & y y\rself may also come & pr(it by ?is in/ruction4 ,no "o kn[s z mu* z he ought to "k4 ,= ,i myself am con/ra9$ to drill x e day4 ,y "k t we did n h x "u ! ,papacy4 ,buy :ile ! m>ket is at ! door2 "s day y w behold ! fruit4 ,we w\ld1 inde$1 r escape ! burd51 b we d x = y\r sakes4 7#cd1 #b1 #aie47 #ij4 ,coop]ation ( ,p>5ts ,urg$ by ,lu!r4 ,9 ord] to br+ ! in/ruction ( ! "y into vogue1 ,lu!r saw t *ur*1 s*ool1 & home mu/ ne$s coop]ate4 ,! home especially mu/ n fail 9 ?is4 ,accord+ly1 9 8 admonitions1 he endeavor$ to int]e/ ! fa!rs & mo!rs 9 ?is "w4 ,he 0 conv9c$ t )\t _! vigor\s coop]ation he c\ld a*ieve b little4 ,9 8 ,g]man ,ord] ( ,wor%ip1 #aebf1 we read3 ,= if ! p>5ts & gu>dians ( ! "y are unwill+ to take su* pa9s ) ! "y1 ei!r p]sonally or ?r\gh o!rs1 ,cate*ism cate*etical in/ruction w nev] be e/abli%$4 7,w4 #ai1 #gf47 ,9 ?is he 0 confirm$ by ! exp]i5ces he _h :ile on 8 t\r ( visitation4 ,if ! *ildr5 7 to memorize ! ,cate*ism & le>n to und]/& x1 !y mu/ be in/ruct$ & que/ion$ individually1 a task to :i* ! ,*ur* 0 unequal1 & = ! accompli%m5t ( :i* also ! small numb] ( s*ools 0 altoge!r inadequate4 ,p>5ts1 h[ev]1 7 able to rea* ! *ildr5 individually4 ,!y _h ! "t & opportunity1 too1 morn+1 noon1 & ev5+1 at ! table1 etc4 ,fur!rmore1 !y _h ! greate/ int]e/ 9 ?is matt]1 ! *ildr5 be+ _! own fle% & blood4 ,& !y1 9 ! fir/ place1 7 comm&$ by ,god to provide = ! prop] tra9+ ( _! *ildr54 ,! fa!rs & mo!rs1 !re=e1 ^! natural & div9ely appo9t$ tea*]s ( ! *ildr51 ,lu!r 0 at great pa9s to enli/ = ! urg5t "w ( in/ruct+ ! "y4 ,!y %\ld see t ! *ildr5 & s]vants did n only att5d ! ,cate*ism-s]mons 9 *ur*1 b also memoriz$ ! text & le>n$ to und]/& x4 ,! ,*ri/ian homes %\ld aga9 become home-*ur*es1 home-s*ools1 :]e ! h\se-fa!rs 7 bo? h\se-prie/s & h\se-tea*]s p]=m+ ! (fice ( ! m9i/ry !re j z ! pa/ors did 9 ! *ur*es4 ,) ev]-increas+ en]gy ,lu!r1 !re=e1 urg$ ! p>5ts to /udy ! ,cate*ism 9 ord] to be able to tea* x to _! *ildr54 ,9 8 s]mons on ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 #aeaf1 he admoni%es !m to br+ up _! *ildr5 9 ! fe> & admonition ( ! ,"l4 ,b alas1 he exclaims1 h[ has n all ?is be5 corrupt$6 ,nor is x to be wond]$ at1 s9ce ! p>5ts !mselves h n be5 tra9$ & educat$4 ,9 a s]mon ( #aebf3 ,"h are two doctr9es1 ,law & ,gospel4 ,( !m we prea* frequ5tly1 b v few !re are :o take x to he>t4 ,i he> t _m are /ill s ignorant t !y d n "k ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts nor are able to pray4 ,x pla9ly %[s t !y are altoge!r c>eless4 ,p>5ts ought to see :at _! *ildr5 & family are do+4 ,9 ! s*ool at home !y %\ld le>n ^! ?ree4 ,i he> t 9 ! city1 too1 !re are wick$ p4 ,we _c ent] ! homes2 p>5ts1 ma/]s1 & mi/resses ought to be suffici5tly skill$ to require _! *ildr5 & s]vants to say ! pray]s be=e retir+4 ,b !y d n "k any !mselves4 ,:at1 !n1 avails x t we d a great deal ( prea*+ conc]n+ ! k+dom ( ,*ri/8 ,i ?\ght conditions _h improv$4 ,i admoni% y ma/]--= x is y\r duty--to in/ruct ! s]vants1 ! mi/ress1 ! maids1 & ! *ildr52 & x is publicly prea*$ 9 *ur* = ! purpose t x may be prea*$ at home4 7,w4 #bj #dhe47 ,9 8 s]mon ( ,septemb] #ad1 #aebh1 ,lu!r decl>es t ! ,cate*ism is ! laym5's ,bible1 :i* e "o mu/ "k :o wi%es to be consid]$ a ,*ri/ian & to be admitt$ to ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,he !n proce$s3 ,h5ce all *ildr5 %\ld behave accord+ly1 & le>n4 ,& y p>5ts are b\nd to h y\r *ildr5 le>n ^! ?+s4 ,likewise y lords1 take pa9s t y\r family1 etc4 ,:oev] does n "k ^! ?+s does n des]ve any food4 ,^! five po9ts are a brief summ>y ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,:5 ! "q is put1 ',:at is ! ,fir/ ,comm&m5t8' e "o %\ld be able to recite3 ',namely ?is1' etc4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #bg47 ,exhort+ ! p to att5d ! ,cate*ism-s]vices1 ,lu!r decl>$ ,novemb] #bi1 #aebh3 ,?9k n1 ye h\sefa!rs1 t y are fre$ f ! c>e ( y\r h\sehold :5 y say3 ',oh1 if !y are unwill+ to g to ,cate*ism in/ruction1 :y %\ld ,i =ce !m8 ,i am n 9 ne$ ( x4' ,y h be5 appo9t$ _! bi%op & h\se-pa/or2 bew>e le/ y neglect y\r duty t[>d !m6 7#bg1 #ddd47 ,on ! foll[+ day1 beg9n+ ! s]mons he _h ann\nc$ ,lu!r said3 ,!re=e ,i h admoni%$ y adults to h y\r *ildr5 & y\r s]vants1 att5d x ! ,cate*ism-s]mon1 & also be pres5t y\rselves2 o!rwise we %all n admit y to ,holy ,communion4 ,= if y p>5ts & ma/]s w n help u we %all accompli% little by our prea*+4 ,if ,i prea* an entire ye>1 ! h\sehold comes1 gapes at ! walls & w9d[s ( ! *ur*1 etc4 ,:oev] is a good citiz5 is 9 duty b\nd to urge 8 p to le>n ^! ?+s2 he %\ld refuse !m food unless1 etc4 ,if ! s]vants compla91 slam ! door on !m4 ,if y h *ildr51 accu/om !m to le>n ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,symbol1 ! ,pat]no/]1 etc4 ,if y w dilig5tly urge !m1 !y w le>n mu* 9 "o ye>4 ,:5 !y h le>n$ ^! ?+s1 !re are ev]y:]e 9 ! ,scriptures f9e passages :i* !y may le>n next2 if n all1 at lea/ "s4 ,= ?is reason ,god has appo9t$ y a ma/]1 a mi/ress1 t y may urge y\r h\sehold to d ?is4 ,& ?is y are well able to accompli%3 t !y pray 9 ! morn+ & ev5+1 be=e & aft] meals4 ,9 ?is way !y w\ld be br\ght up 9 ! fe> ( ,god4 ,i am no idle prattl]3 ,i ask y n to ca/ my words to ! w9ds4 ,i w\ld n ?9k y s rude if ,i did n daily he> x4 ,e h\sefa!r is a prie/ 9 8 own h\se1 e h\semo!r is a prie/ess2 !re=e see t y help u to p]=m ! (fice ( ! m9i/ry 9 y\r homes z we d 9 *ur*4 ,if y d1 we %all h a propiti\s ,god1 :o w def5d u f all evil4 ,9 ! ,psalm #gh1 #e x is writt53 ',he appo9t$ a law 9 ,israel1 :i* ,he comm&$ our fa!rs1 t !y %\ld make !m kn[n to _! *ildr54' 7#cj1 #a1 #eg47 ,9 ! same s]mon3 ,able tea*]s are necess>y because ( ! great ne$1 s9ce p>5ts d n conc]n !mselves ab\t ?is4 ,b ea* ma/] & mi/ress mu/ rememb] t !y are prie/s & prie/esses ov] ,hans & ,gret*51 _! sons & daught]s4 ,9 ! same way ,lu!r urges ?is matt] 9 8 ,cate*isms4 ,= "h we read3 ,!re=e x is ! duty ( e fa!r ( a family to "q & exam9e 8 *ildr5 & s]vants at lea/ once a week & to asc]ta9 :at !y "k ( x ! ,cate*ism1 or are le>n+1 &1 if !y d n "k x1 to keep !m fai?fully at x4 7#ege1 #d47 ,likewise e head ( a h\sehold is oblig$ to d ! same ) respect to 8 dome/ics1 man-s]vants & maid-s]vants1 & n to keep !m 9 8 h\se if !y d n "k ^! ?+s & are unwill+ to le>n !m4 ,= a p]son :o is s rude & unruly z to be unwill+ to le>n ^! ?+s is n to be tol]at$2 = 9 ^! ?ree p>ts ev]y?+ t we h 9 ! ,scriptures is compreh5d$ 9 %ort1 pla9 & simple t]ms4 7#egg1 #ag47 ,!re=e let e fa!r ( a family "k t x is 8 duty1 by ! injunction & comm& ( ,god1 to tea* ^! ?+s to 8 *ildr51 or h !m le>n :at !y ought to "k4 ,= s9ce !y are baptiz$ & receiv$ into ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 !y %\ld also enjoy ?is communion ( ! ,sacram5t1 9 ord] t !y may s]ve u & be useful to u2 = !y mu/ all inde$ help u to believe1 love1 pray1 & fight aga9/ ! devil4 7#ggc1 #hg47 ,9 confession & be=e visitors1 h\sefa!rs 7 also to r5d] acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* !y dis*>g$ ^! duties4 ,9 8 s]mon ( ,july #aa1 #aebi1 ,lu!r said3 ,y w !re=e in/ruct y\r *ildr5 & s]vants accord+ to ?is ,cate*ism4444 ,= y h ! ,cate*ism 9 small & l>ge books2 !re=e /udy x4 ,y _h ! visitors1 & y h fur!rmore ^? :o w exam9e y h\sefa!rs & y\r h\sehold1 t !y may see h[ y h improv$4444 ,y %\ld h giv5 money & prop]ty = x2 yet y neglect x :5 x is (f]$ freely2 !re=e y h\sefa!rs ought to be dilig5t /ud5ts ( ?is prea*+1 t z y le>n y may in/ruct1 disc5do doceatis4 7,w4 #bi1 #dgb2 #cj1 #a1 #aba47 #ia4 ,g]man ,s]vices ) ,g]man ,cate*ism4 ,) great emphasis ,lu!r advocat$ dilig5t ,cate*ism in/ruction 9 8 ,deuts*e ,messe 7,g]man ,mass1 i4e41 ,g]man ,s]vice or ,g]man ,ord] ( ,wor%ip71 :i* he complet$ t[>d ! end ( #aebe & publi%$ 9 #aebf4 ,lu!r issu$ ?is ,s]vice because ,g]man masses & s]vices are ev]y:]e insi/$ ^u4 ,! dem& 0 made especially 9 ! int]e/ ( ! unle>n$ & ! *ildr51 = ^: b5efit1 accord+ to ,lu!r1 all su* measures 7 adopt$4 ,=1 says he1 we d n at all e/abli% su* ord]s = ^? :o are already advanc$ ,*ri/ians4 444 ,b we are 9 ne$ ( su* ord]s = ! sake ( ^? :o are /ill to become ,*ri/ians or to gr[ /rong]4 ,j z a ,*ri/ian does n ne$ ,baptism1 ! ,^w1 & ,sacram5t z a ,*ri/ian1 s9ce he already has ev]y?+1 b z a s9n]4 ,*iefly1 h[ev]1 ?is is done = ! sake ( ! unle>n$ & ! "y p1 :o %\ld & mu/ be ex]cis$ daily & br\ght up 9 ! ,scriptures1 ! ,^w ( ,god1 t !y may become accu/om$ to ! ,scripture1 skill$1 flu5t1 & at home 9 x1 9 ord] t !y may be able to def5d _! fai?1 & 9 "t tea* o!rs & help to increase ! k+dom ( ,*ri/4 ,= _! sake "o mu/ read1 s+1 prea*1 write1 & compose4 ,& if x w\ld help & promote ?is aim1 ,i w\ld h all bells rung1 all organs play$1 & ev]y?+ t is capable ( giv+ s\nd to s\nd =?4 ,= ! ,ca?olic s]vices are s damnable because !y ! ,papi/s made laws1 works1 & m]its ( !m1 !reby smo!r+ fai?1 & did n adapt !m to ! "y & unle>n$1 to ex]cise !m 9 ! ,scriptures1 9 ! ,^w ( ,god1 b !mselves clung to !m z works1 reg>d+ !m z b5eficial & necess>y = salvation to !mselves1 t is ! devil4 ,:ile ,lu!r1 9 8 ,g]man ,wor%ip1 z well z 9 o!r places1 favors also ,lat9 masses1 yet he dem&s t = ! sake ( ! unle>n$ laity ,g]man s]vices be introduc$4 ,& s9ce ! unle>n$ c\ld be truly s]v$ only by in/ruction 9 ! fundam5tal tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,cate*ism1 accord+ to ,lu!r1 0 to con/itute a *ief "p 9 ^! s]vices4 ,v well1 says he1 9 ,god's "n6 ,fir/ ( all a cle>1 simple pla91 good ,cate*ism is ne$$ 9 ! ,g]man s]vice4 ,cate*ism1 h[ev]1 is an in/ruction :]eby hea!n :o desire to become ,*ri/ians are taught & in/ruct$ 9 :at !y mu/ believe1 d1 n d1 & "k conc]n+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,pupils :o 7 accept$ = su* in/ruction & le>n$ ! fai? be=e be+ baptiz$ 7 !re=e call$ cate*um5s4 ,nor d ,i "k h[ to pres5t ?is in/ruction1 or tea*+1 9 a =m m simple ?an x already has be5 pres5t$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ,*ri/ianity1 & hi!rto reta9$1 to wit1 ! ?ree p>ts3 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,cre$1 & ! ,"l's ,pray]4 ,^! ?ree p>ts conta9 9 simple & brief =m ev]y?+ t a ,*ri/ian mu/ "k4 ,& s9ce z yet we h no special congregation 7weil man no* ke9e sond]li*e ,geme9de hat71 ?is in/ruction mu/ proce$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 by prea*+ f ! pulpit at v>i\s times or daily1 z necessity dem&s1 & by repeat+ & read+ x to ! *ildr5 & s]vants at home 9 ! h\ses morn+ & ev5+ 7if "o w\ld make ,*ri/ians ( !m74 ,yet n only s t !y memorize ! words or recite !m1 z 0 done hi!rto1 b by que/ion+ !m "p = "p1 & hav+ !m /ate 9 _! answ] :at ea* "p means & h[ !y und]/& x4 ,if all p>ts _c be ask$ at "o "t1 take "o1 ! next day ano!r4 ,= if ! p>5ts or gu>dians are unwill+ to take su* pa9s ) ! "y1 ei!r p]sonally or ?r\gh o!rs ! ,cate*ism w nev] be e/abli%$4 7#ai1 #gf47 ,g]man ,cate*ism 9 ,g]man s]vices--su*1 !n1 0 ! slogan :i* ,lu!r n[ s\nd$ =? ) ev]-increas+ emphasis4 #ib4 ,lu!r ,illu/rat+ ,me?od ( ,proc$ure4 ,accord+ to ,lu!r's ,g]man ,wor%ip1 pa/ors 7 to prea* ! ,cate*ism on ,mondays & ,tuesdays4 ,to insure ! desir$ results 7memoriz+ & und]/&+ ! text71 ! *ildr5 %\ld be que/ion$1 especially at home by ! p>5ts4 ,exemplify+ su* cate*ization1 ,lu!r writes3 ,= s %all !y be ask$3 ',:at d y pray8' ,answ]3 ',! ,"l's ,pray]1' ,:at d y mean by say+3 ',our ,fa!r :o art 9 heav58' ,answ]3 ',t ,god is n an e>?ly1 b a heav5ly ,fa!r1 :o w\ld make u ri* & bless$ 9 heav51' ',:at does ,hall[$ be ,?y "n mean8' ,answ]3 ',t we %\ld honor ,god's "n & n use x 9 va91 le/ x be pr(an$1' ',h[1 !n1 is x pr(an$ & desecrat$8' ,answ]3 ',:5 we :o are reg>d$ z ,8 *ildr5 lead wick$ lives1 tea* & believe :at is wrong1' ,& s =?1 :at ,god's k+dom means2 h[ x comes2 :at ,god's w is1 :at daily bread1 etc4 ,likewise also ( ! ,cre$3 ',:at d y believe8' ,answ]3 ',i believe 9 ,god ! ,fa!r1' etc4 ,!reupon "p = "p1 z leisure p]mits1 "o or two at a "t4 ,?us3 ',:at does x mean to believe 9 ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty8' ,answ]3 ',x means t ! he>t tru/s ,him entirely1 & confid5tly looks to ,him = all grace1 favor1 help1 & com=t1 "h & h]eaft]1' ',:at does x mean to believe 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,8 ,son8' ,answ]3 ',x means t ! he>t believes we %\ld all be lo/ et]nally if ,*ri/ _h n di$ = u1' etc4 ,9 l mann] "o mu/ also "q on ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 :at ! fir/1 ! second1 ! ?ird & o!r comm&m5ts mean4 ,su* que/ions y may take f our ,pray]-,booklet1 :]e ! ?ree p>ts are briefly expla9$1 or y may =mulate o!rs y\rself1 until !y compreh5d ) _! he>ts ! entire sum ( ,*ri/ian k 9 two p>ts1 z 9 two sacks1 :i* are fai? & love4 ,let fai?'s sack h two pockets2 into ! "o pocket put ! "p accord+ to :i* we believe t we are altoge!r corrupt$ by ,adam's s91 are s9n]s & condemn$1 ,rom4 #e1 #ab & ,ps4 #ea1 #g4 ,into ! o!r pocket put ! "p tell+ u t by ,jesus ,*ri/ we h all be5 r$eem$ f su* corrupt1 s9ful1 condemn$ condition1 ,rom4 #e1 #ah & ,john #c1 #af4 ,let love's sack also h two pockets4 ,into ! "o put ?is "p1 t we %\ld s]ve1 & d good to1 e "o1 ev5 z ,*ri/ did unto u1 ,rom4 #ac4 ,into ! o!r put ! "p t we %\ld gladly suff] & endure all mann] ( evil4 7#ai1 #gf47 ,9 l mann] passages ( ,scripture 7 also to be made ! *ild's prop]ty1 z x 72 = x 0 n ,lu!r's idea t in/ruction %\ld cease at ! l[e/ indisp5sably necess>y goal 7! und]/&+ ( ! text ( ! *ief p>ts74 ,9 8 ,g]man ,ord] ( ,wor%ip he goes on to say3 ,:5 ! *ild beg9s to compreh5d ?is ! text ( ! ,cate*ism1 accu/om x to c>ry home passages ( ,scripture f ! s]mons & to recite !m to ! p>5ts at ! table1 at meal-"t1 z x 0 =m]ly cu/om>y to recite ,lat91 & !reupon to /ore ! passages into ! sacks & pockets1 z "o puts pf5nige1 & gros*51 or guld5 into 8 pocket4 ,let ! sack ( fai? be1 z x 71 ! guld5 sack4 ,into ! fir/ pocket let ?is passage be put1 ,rom4 #e3 ',by "o man's disob$i5ce _m 7 made s9n]s'3 & ,ps4 #ea3 ',behold1 ,i 0 %ap5 9 iniquity1 & 9 s9 did my "m conceive me1' ,^? are two ,rhe9i% guld5 9 ! pocket4 ,! o!r pocket is = ! ,hung>ian guld51 su* z ?is passage1 ,rom4 #e3 ',*ri/ 0 deliv]$ = our (f5ses1 & 0 rais$ aga9 = our ju/ification3' aga91 ,john #a3 ',behold ! ,lamb ( ,god1 :i* take? away ! s9 ( ! _w1' ,t w\ld be two good ,hung>ian guld5 9 ! pocket4 ,let love's sack be ! silv] sack4 ,into ! fir/ pocket belong ! passages ( well-do+1 su* z ,gal4 #e3 ',by love s]ve "o ano!r'2 ,matt4 #be3 ',inasmu* z ye h done x unto "o ( ! lea/ ( ^! ,my bre?r51 ye h done x unto ,me4' ,t w\ld be two silv] gros*5 9 ! pocket4 ,into ! o!r pocket ?is passage belongs1 ,matt4 #e3 ',bless$ are ye :5 m5 %all p]secute y = ,my sake2' ,heb4 #ab3 ',= :om ! ,"l love? ,he *a/5e?3 ,he sc\rge? e son :om ,he receive?4' ,^? are two ,s*reck5b]g]s a co9 made ( silv] m9$ f ,s*reck5b]g 9 ! pocket4 7#ai1 #gg;f47 ,believ+ t und]/&+1 n m]e me*anical memoriz+1 ( ! ,cate*ism is ( p>am\nt import1 ,lu!r insi/$ t ! in/ruction mu/ be popul> ?r\gh\t4 ,prea*]s & fa!rs are urg$ to come d[n to ! level ( ! *ildr5 & to prattle ) !m1 9 ord] to br+ ! ,*ri/ian fundam5tals home ev5 to ! weake/ & simple/4 ,9 8 ,g]man ,mass ,lu!r concludes ! *apt] on in/ruction z foll[s3 ,& let no "o consid] himself too wise & despise su* *ild's play4 ,:5 ,*ri/ desir$ to tra9 m5 ,he _h to become a man4 ,if we are to tra9 *ildr51 we also mu/ become *ildr5 ) !m4 ,w\ld to ,god t su* *ild's play 7 c>ri$ on well2 !n we %\ld 9 a %ort "t see a great weal? ( ,*ri/ian p1 & s\ls gr[+ ri* 9 ! ,scriptures & ! k ( ,god until !y !mselves w\ld give m he$ to ^! pockets z locos communes & compreh5d 9 !m ! entire ,scriptures2 o!rwise !y come daily to he> ! prea*+ & leave aga9 z !y came4 ,= !y believe t ! object is m]ely to sp5d ! "t 9 he>+1 no "o int5d+ to le>n or reta9 any?+4 ,?us _m a man w he> prea*+ = ?ree1 f\r ye>s & /ill n le>n en\gh to be able to give acc\nt ( 8 fai? 9 "o p>ticul>1 z ,i inde$ exp]i5ce e day4 ,en\gh has be5 writt5 9 books4 ,true1 b n all ( x has be5 impress$ on ! he>ts4 7#ai1 #gh47 #ic4 ,value ,plac$ on ,memoriz+4 ,mod]n p$agogs h cont5d$ t ,lu!r's me?od ( tea*+ ! ,cate*ism unduly multiplies ! mat]ial to be memoriz$1 & does n suffici5tly /ress ! und]/&+4 ,bo? *>ges1 h[ev]1 are )\t any f\ndation4 ,z to ! fir/1 x is true t ,lu!r did n put a l[ e/imate on ! memoriz+ ( ! ,cate*ism4 ,9 ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism he says3 ,!re=e we mu/ h ! "y le>n ! p>ts :i* belong to ! ,cate*ism or in/ruction = *ildr5 well1 & flu5tly & dilig5tly ex]cise !mselves 9 !m & keep !m occupi$ ) !m4 ,h5ce x is ! duty ( e fa!r ( a family to "q & exam9e 8 *ildr5 & s]vants at lea/ once a week1 & to asc]ta9 :at !y "k ( x1 or are le>n+1 &1 if !y d n "k x1 to keep !m fai?fully at x4 7#ege1 #c;f47 ,aga93 ,^! are ! mo/ necess>y p>ts :i* "o %\ld fir/ le>n to repeat ^w = ^w1 & :i* our *ildr5 %\ld be accu/om$ to recite daily :5 !y arise 9 ! morn+1 :5 !y sit d[n to _! meals1 & :5 !y retire at night2 & until !y repeat !m1 !y %\ld be giv5 nei!r food nor dr9k4 7#egg1 #ae47 ,accord+ to ! ,preface to ! ,small ,cate*ism1 ! tea*] is to abide ) rigid exactness by ! text :i* he has once *os5 & h ! *ildr5 le>n x v]batim4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 says ,lu!r1 let ! prea*] above all be c>eful to avoid _m k9ds ( or v>i\s texts & =ms ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ! ,cre$1 ! ,sacram5ts1 etc41 b *oose "o =m to :i* he adh]es1 & :i* he inculcates all ! "t1 ye> aft] ye>4 ,= "y & simple p mu/ be taught by uni=m1 settl$ texts & =ms1 o!rwise !y easily become confus$ :5 ! tea*] to-day tea*es !m ?us1 & 9 a ye> "s o!r way1 z if he wi%$ to make improvem5ts1 & ?us all ef=t & labor w be lo/4 ,also our bless$ fa!rs und]/ood ?is well2 = !y all us$ ! same =m ( ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ! ,cre$1 & ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts4 ,!re=e we1 too1 %\ld tea* ! "y & simple p ^! p>ts 9 su* a way z n to *ange a syllable1 or set !m =? & repeat !m "o ye> diff]5tly ?an 9 ano!r4 ,h5ce1 *oose :atev] =m y please1 & adh]e to x =ev]4 ,b :5 y prea* 9 ! pres5ce ( le>n$ & intellig5t m51 y may exhibit y\r skill & may pres5t ^! p>ts 9 z v>i$ & intricate ways & give !m z ma/]ly turns z y are able4 ,b ) ! "y p /ick to "o fix$1 p]man5t =m & mann]1 & tea* !m1 fir/ ( all1 ^! p>ts1 namely1 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,cre$1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 etc41 accord+ to ! text1 ^w = ^w1 s t !y1 too1 c repeat x 9 ! same mann] aft] y & commit x to memory4 7#ecc1 #g;ff47 ,?us ,lu!r inde$ plac$ a high value on exact memoriz+ ( ! ,cate*ism4 ,z to ! quantity ( memoriz+1 h[ev]1 ,lu!r did n dem& m ?an ev5 ! lea/ gift$ 7 well able to r5d]4 ,he 0 satisfi$ if !y knew1 z a m9imum1 ! text ( ! fir/ ?ree *ief p>ts & ! words ( in/itution ( ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp]4 7#egi1 #bb4 #be47 ,t 0 c]ta9ly n ov]burd5+ ev5 a weak memory4 ,lu!r 0 "r :5 he decl>$ 9 8 ,%ort ,=m ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ( #aebj3 ,9 ! ?ree *ief p>ts ev]y?+ is summ$ up ) su* brevity & simplicity t no "o c compla9 or (f] ! excuse t x is too mu* or too h>d = him to rememb] :at he mu/ "k = 8 salvation4 7,w4 #g1 #bjd47 ,self-evid5tly1 x 0 n ,lu!r's op9ion t in/ruction or memoriz+ %\ld end "h4 ,9 ! ,preface to ! ,small ,cate*ism he says3 ,9 ! ?ird place1 aft] y h ?us taught !m ?is ,%ort ,cate*ism1 !n take up ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 & give !m also a ri*] & full] k4 ,"h expla9 at l5g? e comm&m5t1 petition1 & "p ) its v>i\s works1 uses1 b5efits1 dang]s1 & injuries z y f9d ^! abundantly /at$ 9 _m books writt5 ab\t ^! matt]s4 7#ece1 #ag47 ,!n1 z ,lu!r (t5 repeats1 ,bible-v]ses1 hymns1 & ,psalms 7 also to be memoriz$ & expla9$4 ,nor did he exclude ! explanation ( ! ,small ,cate*ism f ! mat]ial = memoriz+4 ,= ?is v reason he _h writt5 ! ,small ,cate*ism 9 que/ions & answ]s1 because he wi%$ to h x le>n$1 que/ion$1 & recit$ f memory4 ,h[ev]1 says ,lu!r 9 ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism = ! common p we are satisfi$ ) ! ?ree p>ts1 :i* h rema9$ 9 ,*ri/5dom f ( old4 7#ege1 #e47 ,z f>1 !n1 z ! mat]ial = memoriz+ is conc]n$1 ,lu!r c]ta9ly did n dem& m ?an ev5 ! lea/ gift$ 7 well able to r5d]4 #id4 ,memoriz+ to ,s]ve ,und]/&+4 ,! second *>ge1 t ,lu!r atta*$ no special importance to ! und]/&+ ( :at 0 memoriz$1 is /ill m unf\nd$4 ,! fact is t ev]y:]e he 0 satisfi$ ) no?+ less ?an correct und]/&+4 ,lu!r 0 a man ( ?\ght1 n ( m]e sacr$ =mulas & words4 ,to him in/ruction did n mean m]e me*anical memoriz+1 b consci\s1 p]sonal1 endur+1 & applicable spiritual appropriation4 ,says he3 ,h[ev]1 x is n en\gh = !m to compreh5d & recite ^! p>ts accord+ to ! words only1 b ! "y p %\ld also be made to att5d ! prea*+1 especially dur+ ! "t :i* is devot$ to ! ,cate*ism1 t !y may he> x expla9$1 & may le>n to und]/& :at e "p conta9s1 s z to be able to recite x z !y h he>d x1 &1 :5 ask$1 may give a correct answ]1 s t ! prea*+ may n be )\t pr(it & fruit4 7#egi1 #bf47 ,9 ! ,preface to ! ,small ,cate*ism1 ,lu!r in/ructs ! prea*]s3 ,aft] !y ! *ildr5 h well le>n$ ! text !n tea* !m ! s5se also1 s t !y "k :at x means4 7#ece1 #ad47 ,correct und]/&+ 0 ev]y?+ to ,lu!r4 ,s]mons 9 ! *ur*es & cate*izations at home 7 all to s]ve ?is purpose4 ,9 ! same int]e/1 viz41 to enri* ! brief text ( ! ,cate*ism &1 z x 71 quick5 x ) concrete p]ceptions1 ,lu!r urg$ ! use ( ,bible-/ories z illu/rations4 ,= ! same reason he add$ pictures to bo? ( 8 ,cate*isms4 ,8 ,pray]-,booklet conta9$ z its mo/ important "p ! text & explanation ( ! ,cate*ism &1 9 addition1 ! passional booklet1 a sort ( ,bible ,hi/ory4 ,to ?is ,lu!r rem>ks3 ,i consid]$ x wise to add ! anci5t passional booklet augm5t$ by ,lu!r to ! ,pray]-,booklet1 *iefly = ! sake ( ! *ildr5 & ! unle>n$1 :o are m apt to rememb] ! div9e hi/ories if pictures & p>ables are add$1 ?an by m]e words & tea*+1 z ,/4 ,m>k te/ifies1 t = ! sake ( ! simple ,*ri/1 too1 prea*$ to !m only 9 p>ables4 7,w4 #aj1 #b1 #deh47 ,inde$1 ,lu!r left no /one unturn$ to h 8 in/ruction und]/ood4 ,on words & =mulas1 m]ely memoriz$1 b n appropriat$ intellectually1 he plac$ b little value4 ,memoriz+1 too1 0 reg>d$ by ,lu!r n z an end 9 itself1 b z a means to an end4 ,x 0 to s]ve ! explanation & und]/&+4 ,& its importance 9 ?is respect 0 realiz$ by ,lu!r mu* m cle>ly ?an by 8 mod]n critics4 ,= :5 ! text is safely emb$d$1 z x 71 9 ! memory1 its explanation is facilitat$1 & ! process ( m5tal assimilation may proce$ all ! m readily4 ,9 ?is po9t1 too1 ! /rictures ( mod]n p$agogs on ,lu!r's ,cate*ism are !re=e unw>rant$4 ,:]e ,lu!r's in/ructions are foll[$1 ! memory is n ov]tax$1 & ! und]/&+ n neglect$4 ,! in/ruction advocat$ by ,lu!r diff]$ fundam5tally f ! me*anical me?ods ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,he insi/$ on a ?or\gh m5tal elaboration1 by means ( s]mons1 explanations1 que/ions & answ]s1 ( ! mat]ial memoriz$1 9 ord] to elevate x to ! plane ( k4 ,) ,lu!r we meet ! que/ions3 ,:at does ?is mean8 ,:at does ?is signify8 ,:]e is ?is writt58 ,:at does x pr(it8 ,he engages ! intellect4 ,! ,table ( ,*ri/ian ,life ( ! ,middle ,ages1 :i* all good ,*ri/ians are 9 duty b\nd to h 9 _! h\ses1 = !mselves1 _! *ildr51 & h\sehold1 is reg>d$ by ,cohrs z a sort ( =]unn] ( ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 ,cohrs adds1 x cle>ly %[s ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! dem&s made by ! ,*ur* ( ! ,middle ,ages & ! requirem5ts ( ! ,evangelical ,*ur*2 yond]1 num]\s p>ts )\t any ^w ( explanation1 sacr$ =mulas1 :i* _m pray$ )\t an inkl+ ( ! mean+2 "h1 ! five *ief p>ts1 9 :i* ! emphasis is put on ',:at does ?is mean8' 7,h]zog1 ,r4 #aj1 #ach47 ,x 0 due to ! neglect ( ,*ri/ian tea*+ t ,*ri/5dom _h fall5 into decay4 ,=ce on ! "p ( ! popes & prie/s & bl9d submission on ! "p ( ! p _h supplant$ in/ruction & conviction f ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,h5ce ! cure ( ! ,*ur*1 fir/ ( all1 call$ = an in/ructor 9 ,*ri/ian fundam5tals4 ,& j su* a cate*i/ ,lu!r 01 :o made x 8 bus9ess to tea* & conv9ce ! p f ! ,bible4 ,inde$1 9 8 entire "w z a ,re=m]1 ,lu!r consi/5tly appeal$ to ! intellect1 z 0 /rik+ly demon/rat$ 9 ! turmoil :i* ,c>l/adt br\ght ab\t at ,witt5b]g4 ,in/ruction 0 ! secret1 0 ! me?od1 ( ,lu!r's ,re=mation4 ,9 ! ,preface to ! ,small ,cate*ism he says t "o _c & mu/ n =ce any "o to believe nor drive any "o to p>take ( ! ,sacram5t by laws1 le/ x be turn$ into poison1 t is to say1 le/ ! v object ( ! ,gospel1 :i* is spontane\s action fl[+ f conviction1 be defeat$4 7#eci1 #bd2 #ece1 #ac47 #ie4 ,manuals ,prec$+ ,lu!r's ,cate*ism4 ,:5 ,lu!r1 9 8 ,g]man ,ord] ( ,wor%ip1 s\nd$ ! slogan3 ,g]man s]vices ) ,g]man in/ruction 9 ,*ri/ian fundam5tals6 he did n lose sight ( ! fact t ?is requir$ c]ta9 helps = bo? p>5ts & prea*]s4 ,a book 0 ne$$ t w\ld conta9 n only ! text to be memoriz$1 b also necess>y explanations4 ,accord+ly1 9 8 ,g]man ,ord] ( ,wor%ip1 ,lu!r ref]r$ to 8 ,pray]-,booklet z a help = in/ruction4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,brief ,=m ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 etc41 incorporat$ 9 ! ,pray]-,booklet1 0 n adapt$ = *ildr5 & p>5ts1 z x 0 n drawn up 9 que/ions & answ]s4 ,to ! exp]i5c$ tea*] x furni%$ mat]ial 9 abundance1 b *ildr5 & p>5ts _h ne$ ( a simpl] book4 ,h>del& says3 ,x is c]ta9 t ,lu!r 9 #aebf already conceiv$ ! ideal cate*ism to be a brief summ>y ( ! mo/ important k 9 que/ions & answ]s1 adapt$ = memoriz+ & /ill suffici5tly ext5sive to make a ?or\gh explanation possible1 at once confessional 9 its tone1 & fitt$ = use 9 div9e s]vice4 7,kate*ismusg$ank5 #b47 ,b if ,lu!r 9 #aebf _h conceiv$ ?is idea1 x 0 n c>ri$ out until ?ree ye>s lat]4 ,h[ev]1 :at ,lu!r said on tea*+ ! ,cate*ism by que/ions & answ]s1 9 ! ,g]man ,ord] ( ,wor%ip1 0 repr9t$ repeat$ly 7probably = ! fir/ "t at ,nu]nb]g7 "u ! title3 ,doctor ,m>t9 ,lu!r's in/ruction h[ to br+ ! *ildr5 to ,god's ,^w & s]vice1 :i* p>5ts & gu>dians are 9 duty b\nd to d1 #aebg4 ,?is appeal ( ,lu!r also call$ =? q a numb] ( o!r explanations ( ! ,cate*ism4 ,among ! attempts :i* appe>$ be=e ,lu!r's ,cate*isms 7 writ+s ( ,melan*?on1 ,bug5hag51 ,eu/asius ,kannel1 ,john ,agricola1 ,val4 ,ickelsam]1 ,hans ,g]h>t1 ,john ,toltz1 ,john ,bad]1 ,petrus ,s*ultz1 ,casp> ,graet]1 ,&r4 ,al?am]1 ,w5z4 ,l9k1 ,conr4 ,sam1 ,john ,br5z1 ,o4 ,braunfels1 ,*r4 ,heg5dorf]1 ,casp> ,lo5]1 ,w4 ,capito1 ,john ,oecolampad1 ,john ,zwick1 & o!rs4 ,! "w ( ,al?am]1 ! ,humani/ & s-call$ ,re=m] ( ,br&5burg-,ansba*1 0 ! fir/ to be> ! title ,cate*ism4 ,z yet x has n be5 asc]ta9$ :e!r1 or n1 ,lu!r 0 acqua9t$ ) ^! writ+s4 ,cohrs says3 ,probably ,lu!r foll[$ ?is lit]ature ) int]e/1 & possibly consult$ "s ( x2 ! relation%ip is n[h]e close en\gh to exclude *ance2 /ill ! frequ5t allusions mu/ n be ov]look$2 z yet x _c be simply d5i$ t ,lu!r 0 influ5c$ by ^! writ+s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x has be5 %[n :at an enorm\s influ5ce ,lu!r ex]cis$ on t lit]ature1 especially by 8 ,brief ,=m & 8 ,pray]-,booklet4 ,9 fact1 says ,cohrs1 ,lu!r's writ+s c be adduc$ z ! s\rce ( almo/ e s5t5ce 9 mo/ ( ^! books ( in/ruction4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #dgd47 ,evid5tly1 ,lu!r's appeal ( #aebf _h n fall5 on deaf e>s4 #if4 ,lu!r's ,cate*etical ,publications4 ,lu!r n only /irr$ up o!rs to br+ ! ,cate*ism back into use1 b himself put 8 p[]ful %\ld] to ! :eel4 ,f ! v beg9n+ he 01 "t & aga91 occupi$ ) read+ ! text ( ! ,cate*ism to ! p1 & !n expla9+ x 9 s]mons4 ,f ! end ( ,june1 #aeaf1 to ,ea/]1 #aeag1 he prea*$ on ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts & ! ,"l's ,pray]4 7,w4 #a1 #cid2 #b1 #gd2 #i1 #abb47 ,9 #aeah ! explanation ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts appe>$ 9 pr9t3 ,decem ,praecepta ,witt5b]g5si ,pra$icata ,populo4 ,! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts ,prea*$ to ! ,p ( ,witt5b]g4 7#a1 #cih4 #eba47 ,oecolampadius prais$ ! "w1 say+ t ,lu!r _h "h tak5 ! veil f ! face ( ,moses4 ,seba/ian ,mu5/] said3 ,lu!r expla9s ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts 9 su* a spiritual1 ,*ri/ian1 & ,evangelical way1 t its l _c be f\nd1 ?\gh _m tea*]s h writt5 on ! subject4 7#a1 #cid47 ,agricola publi%$ ,lu!r's s]mons on ! ,"l's ,pray] at ! beg9n+ ( #aeah ) "s additions ( 8 own1 :i* fact induc$ ,lu!r to publi% !m himself4 ,april #e1 #aeai1 8 ,explanation ( ! ,"l's ,pray] 9 ,g]man appe>$ 9 pr9t4 ,x 0 int5d$ = ! pla9 p1 n = ! le>n$4 7#b1 #ha to #acj47 ,july #b1 #aeai1 ! ,humani/ ,beatus ,rh5anus wrote to ,zw+li t he w\ld l to see ?is explanation ( ! ,"l's ,pray] (f]$ = sale ?r\gh\t all ,switz]l&1 9 all cities1 m>kets1 villages1 & h\ses4 ,ma!sius reports3 ,at ,v5ice ,doctor ,m>t9's ,"l's ,pray] 0 translat$ into ,italian1 8 "n be+ omitt$4 ,& :5 ! man saw x f :om ! p]mission to pr9t x 0 obta9$1 he exclaim$3 ,bless$ are ! h&s t wrote ?is1 bless$ ! eyes t see x1 & bless$ w be ! he>ts t believe ?is book & cry to ,god 9 su* a mann]4 7,w4 #b1 #ge47 ,?is "w pass$ ?r\gh _m editions4 ,9 #aebj x appe>$ 9 ,lat9 & ,bohemian1 & z late z #ahdd 9 ,engli%4 ,m>* #ac1 #aeai1 ,lu!r wrote to ,spalat93 ,i am n able to turn ! ,"l's ,pray] ,explanation ( ! ,"l's ,pray] 9 ,g]man ( #aeah into ,lat91 be+ busy ) s _m works4 ,e day at ev5+ ,i pron\nce ! comm&m5ts & ! ,"l's ,pray] = ! *ildr5 & ! unle>n$1 !n ,i prea*4 7,end]s #a1 #ddi47 ,?us ,lu!r prea*$ ! ,cate*ism1 & at ! same "t 0 engag$ 9 publi%+ x4 ,! ,brief ,in/ruction ,h[ to ,confess1 pr9t$ #aeai1 0 also ess5tially an explanation ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts4 ,x is an extract f ,lu!r's ,lat9 "w1 ,in/ructio pro ,confessione ,peccatorum1 publi%$ by ,spalat94 ,lu!r reca/ ?is "w & publi%$ x 9 ,m>*1 #aebj1 entitl$3 ,confit5di ,ratio4 7,w4 #b1 #ei4 #fe47 ,z a late fruit ( 8 ,explanation ( ! ,"l's ,pray] 9 ,g]man !re appe>$1 9 #aeai1 ! ,brief ,=m = ,und]/&+ & ,pray+ ! ,"l's ,pray] :i* expla9s x 9 pray]s4 7#f1 #aa-ai47 ,9 #aeai !re appe>$ also 8 ,%ort & ,good ,explanation ,be=e ,oneself & ,beh9d ,oneself 7vor si* und h9t] si*7 a concise explanation h[ ! sev5 petitions mu/ be und]/ood be=e oneself 7vor si*71 i4e41 be+ ev] ref]r$ to ,god1 :ile _m1 ?9k+ only ( !mselves1 put & und]/& !m beh9d !mselves 7h9t] si*74 7#f1 #ba4 #bb47 ,june1 #aebj1 x 0 foll[$ by ! ,brief ,=m ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,cre$1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 a comb9ation ( ! revis$ ,brief ,explanation ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ( #aeah1 & ! ,brief ,=m = ,und]/&+ ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ( #aeai1 ) a newly writt5 explanation ( ! ,cre$4 ,) few *anges ,lu!r embodi$ x 9 8 ,pray]-,booklet1 :i* appe>$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #aebb4 ,"h he calls x a simple ,*ri/ian =m & mirror to "k "o's s9s1 & to pray4 ,! be/ evid5ce ( ! en?usia/ic reception ( ! ,pray]-,booklet are ! e>ly editions :i* foll[$ h>d ^u ea* o!r1 & ! num]\s repr9ts dur+ ! fir/ ye>s4 7#aj1 #b1 #cej-dji47 ,9 #aebe ,lu!r's s]mons on ,baptism1 ,confession1 & ! ,"l's ,supp] 7 also receiv$ into ! ,pray]-,booklet1 & 9 #aebi ! entire ,small ,cate*ism4 ,aft] 8 return f ! ,w>tburg1 ,lu!r resum$ 8 ,cate*ism labors ) increas$ en]gy4 ,m>* #bg ,alb]t ,bur] wrote to ,beatus ,rh5anus3 ,lu!r int5ds to n\ri% ! weak1 :om ,c>l/adt & ,gabriel ar\s$ by _! vehem5t prea*+1 ) milk alone until !y gr[ /rong4 ,he daily prea*es ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts4 ,at ,witt5b]g special att5tion 0 giv5 to ! in/ruction ( ! "y1 & regul> ,cate*ism-s]mons 7 in/itut$4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aeba ,agricola 0 appo9t$ cate*i/ ( ! ,city ,*ur*1 to in/ruct ! "y 9 religion4 ,l5t #aebb & #aebc1 ,lu!r also deliv]$ ,cate*ism-s]mons1 ,lat9 copies ( :i* h be5 pres]v$4 ,9 ! same ye> ,bug5hag5 0 appo9t$ ,city ,pa/or1 "p ( 8 duties be+ to deliv] s]mons on ! ,cate*ism1 "s ( :i* h also be5 pres]v$4 ,maundy ,?ursday1 #aebc1 ,lu!r ann\nc$ t in/ead ( ! ,romi% confession1 aboli%$ dur+ ! ,witt5b]g di/urbances1 communicants 7 to ann\nce = communion to ! pa/or & submit to an exam9ation 9 ! ,cate*ism4 ,z appe>s f ,lu!r's ,=mula ,missae ( ?is ye>1 ! pa/or 0 to conv9ce himself :e!r !y 7 able to recite & expla9 ! words ( in/itution by que/ion+ !m on :at ! ,"l's ,supp] is1 :at x pr(its1 & = :at purpose !y desir$ to p>take ( x4 7#ab1 #bae4 #dgi47 ,to enable ! p to prep>e = su* exam9ation1 ,lu!r 7or ,bug5hag51 at ! in/ance ( ,lu!r7 publi%$ a few %ort que/ions on ! ,"l's ,supp]1 cull$ f "o ( ,lu!r's s]mons4 ,?is exam9ation became a p]man5t in/itution at ,witt5b]g4 ,9 a s]mon on ! ,sacram5t ( #aebf1 ,lu!r says3 ,confession1 ?\gh x s]ve no o!r purpose1 is a suitable means ( in/ruct+ ! p & ( asc]ta9+ :at !y believe1 h[ !y le>n to pray1 etc41 = else !y live l brutes4 ,!re=e ,i h said t ! ,sacram5t %all be giv5 to no "o except he be able to give an acc\nt ( :at he receives 9 ! ,sacram5t & :y he is go+4 ,?is c be/ be done 9 confession4 7#ai1 #ebj47 ,fur!rmore1 on ,sundays1 aft] ! s]mon1 ! ,cate*ism 0 read to ! p1 a cu/om :i* likewise became a fixture 9 ,witt5b]g4 ,accord+ to a small pamphlet ( #aebf1 entitl$1 ,:at ,%all be ,read to ! ,common ,p aft] ! ,s]mon8 x 0 ! text ( ! five *ief p>ts t 0 read4 7,h]z41 ,r4 #aj1 #acb47 ,^! p>ts came into ! h&s ( ! p by means ( ! ,booklet = ,laym5 & ,*ildr51 ( #aebe1 writt5 probably by ,bug5hag54 ,he also reorganiz$ ! ,witt5b]g s*ool :i* ! fanatics _h dissolv$2 &1 self-evid5tly1 !re1 too1 ,cate*ism in/ruction 0 n lack+4 ,9 a simil> way religi\s in/ruction ( ! "y 0 begun at o!r places1 z appe>s1 = example1 f ! ,op9ions on ,re=mation by ,nicolaus ,hausmann 7,zwickau71 ( #aebc & #aebe4 ,melan*?on's ,in/ructions = ,visitors 7,articuli de quibus eg]unt p] visitatores71 drawn up 9 #aebg1 & us$ 9 ! visitation ( #aebh & #aebi z ! guide by :i* pa/ors 7 exam9$1 & po9t+ out :at !y %\ld be *>g$ to d1 provide1 above all1 = ,cate*ism-prea*+ on e ,sunday1 & give in/ructions = su* s]mons4 7,c4 ,r4 #bf1 #i4 #dh47 ,?us ,lu!r's /r5u\s ef=ts at e/abli%+ ! ,cate*ism 7 cr[n$ ) success4 ,9 ! ,apology ( #aecj ,melan*?on decl>es triumphantly3 ,among ! oppon5ts !re is no ,cate*ism1 al?\gh ! canons require x4 ,among u ! canons are obs]v$1 = pa/ors & m9i/]s in/ruct ! *ildr5 & ! "y 9 ,god's ,^w1 publicly & privately4 7#ebf1 #da47 #ig4 ,imm$iate ,=]unn]s ( ,lu!r's ,cate*isms4 ,lu!r's entire pa/oral activity 0 ess5tially ( a cate*etical nature & naturally issu$ 9 8 two ,cate*isms1 :i*1 m ?an any o!r ( 8 books1 are ! result ( 8 labor 9 ! congregation4 ,?ree writ+s1 h[ev]1 mu/ be reg>d$ z _! direct precursors1 viz41 ! ,%ort ,=m ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,cre$1 & ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ( #aebj1 ! ,booklet = ,laym5 & ,*ildr51 ( #aebe1 & ! ?ree s]ies ( ,cate*ism-s]mons ( #aebh1 deliv]$ 9 ,bug5hag5's abs5ce4 ,true1 !y are n yet real cate*isms1 b !y pav$ ! way = !m4 ,! ,%ort ,=m is a summ>y & explanation ( ! ?ree traditional *ief p>ts4 ,9 ! preface to ?is "w1 ,lu!r expresses himself = ! fir/ "t on ! value & ! coh]5ce ( ^! p>ts1 :i* he consid]$ to be ! real k]nel ( ! ,cate*ism4 ,9 ! ,%ort ,=m he also ab&on$ ! traditional division ( ! ,cre$ into twelve p>ts1 *oos+1 in/ead1 ! ?reefold division ( ! lat] ,small ,cate*ism4 ,9 #aebb he embodi$ ! ,%ort ,=m into 8 ,pray]-,booklet1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* x 0 giv5 ext5d$ circulation4 ,x has be5 call$ ,lu!r's fir/ cate*ism1 & ,lu!r himself reg>d$ x s = 9 8 ,g]man ,ord] ( ,wor%ip he recomm5ds its use = cate*etical in/ruction4 ,9 x are summ$ up ,lu!r's cate*etical ef=ts s9ce #aeaf4 ,! ,booklet = ,laym5 & ,*ildr5 appe>$ at ,witt5b]g 9 #aebe1 at fir/ 9 ,l[ ,g]man 7,e9 ,boekes*5 vor de ley5 unde ,k9d]71 b done into ,high ,g]man 9 ! same ye>4 ,?\gh ,bug5hag5 is probably its au?or1 no d\bt1 ! book 0 writt5 at ! sugge/ion & "u ! influ5ce ( ,lu!r1 p>ts ( ^: e>li] explanations x conta9s1 & :o also s9ce #aebf1 made use ( x 9 8 public s]vices4 ,besides ! ?ree traditional p>ts1 x (f]$ = ! fir/ "t also ^? on ,baptism 7)\t ! baptismal comm&7 & on ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,! word+ ( ! text 0 practically ! same z t ( ,lu!r's ,en*iridion4 ,sev]al pray]s1 lat] f\nd 9 ,lu!r's ,en*iridion1 7 also add$4 ,h5ce ! ,booklet = ,laym5 & ,*ildr5 is prop]ly consid]$ a =]unn] ( ,lu!r's ,cate*isms4 ,! ?ree s]ies ( ,cate*ism-s]mons ( #aebh mu/ be consid]$ ! la/ prep>atory "w & imm$iate s\rce ( ! explanation ( ! ,cate*isms4 ,lu!r deliv]$ ! fir/ s]ies ,may #ah to #cj2 ! second1 f ,septemb] #ad to #be2 ! ?ird1 f ,novemb] #cj to ,decemb] #ai4 ,ea* s]ies treats ! same five *ief p>ts4 ,we h ^! s]mons 9 a transcript :i* ,ro]] made f a copy 7,na*s*rift72 ! ?ird s]ies also 9 a copy by a ,s\? ,g]man4 ,9 8 ,orig9 ( ! ,cate*ism1 ,bu*wald has %[n h[ ,lu!r's ,l>ge ,cate*ism grew out ( ^! s]mons ( #aebh4 ,9 8 op9ion1 ,lu!r1 :ile engag$ on ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 _h ^? ?ree s]ies ( s]mons be=e him ei!r 9 8 own manuscript or 9 ! =m ( a copy 7,na*s*rift74 ,?is expla9s ! ext5sive agreem5t ( bo?1 app>5t ev]y:]e4 ,lu!r himself h9ts at ?is relation2 = said s]mons mu/ h be5 be=e him :5 he began ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism ) ! words3 ,?is s]mon is design$ & und]tak5 t x might be an in/ruction = *ildr5 & ! simple-m9d$4 7#ege1 #a47 ,?is 0 also ,ro]]'s view1 = he calls ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism ,cate*ism prea*$ by ,d4 ,m41 a title f\nd also 9 ! second copy 7,na*s*rift7 ( ! ?ird s]ies3 ,cate*ism ,prea*$ by ,doctor ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,9 ! conclusion ( ! fir/ edition ( ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 ,lu!r seems to h made use also ( 8 s]mon on ,palm ,sunday1 #aebi1 & o!rs1 & 9 ! ,%ort ,exhortation to ,confession1 :i* 0 app5d$ to ! second edition1 ( ! s]mon ( ,maundy ,?ursday1 #aebi1 & o!rs4 ,"s hi/orians1 h[ev]1 h express$ ! op9ion t ! relation%ip might "h be rev]s$4 ,! sub/ance ( ! s]mon-s]ies is ess5tially t also ( ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,9 =m ! ,cate*ism diff]s f ! s]mons by summ+ up 9 ea* case :at is conta9$ 9 ! correspond+ ?ree s]mons & by giv+ 9 ,g]man :at ! copies ( ! s]mons (f] 9 a mixture ( ,lat9 & ,g]man 7pr9cipally ,lat91 especially 9 ! fir/ s]ies74 ,foll[+ is a sample ( ! ,g]man-,lat9 =m 9 :i* ,ro]] pres]v$ ^! s]mons3 ,zaehlet mir h] illos1 qui reliqu]unt multas divitias1 wie rei*e ,k9d] sie gehabt hab52 du wir/ f9d51 dass ihr ,gut z]/ob5 und z]flog5 i/1 antequam #c4 et #d4 g5]atio v5it1 s i/'s dah94 ,die ,exempel gelt5 9 all5 ,hi/ori54 ,saul #a4 fuit bonus etc4 ,er mus/e ausg]ottet w]d51 ne quidem uno puello sup]/ite1 quia es mus/e wahr bleib51 quod ,deus hic dicit4 ,s$ das betreugt uns1 dass er e9 ,jahr od] #bj regi]t hat1 et fuit pot5s rex1 das v]dreus/ uns ut cr$amus non esse v]um4 ,s$ v]ba ,dei non m5tiuntur1 et exempla o/5dunt etc4 ,econtra qui ,v]bo ,dei fidunt1 die muess5 g5ug hab5 etc41 ut ,david1 qui erat v]geu*t v]jagt und v]s*eu*t ut avicula2 tam5 mansit rex4 ,econtra ,saul4 ,sic fit cum omnibus piis4 ,ideo nota b5e #a4 praeceptum1 i4e41 debes ex tota corde fid]e ,deo et praet]ea nulli aliae rei1 sive sit pote/as etc41 ut illis omnibus ut>is1 ut sutor subula etc41 qui tantum laborat cum i/is suis in/rum5tis4 ,sic ut]e bonis et donis2 sie soll5 de9 ,abgott ni*t se91 s$ ,deus4 7#cj1 #a1 #bi47 ,! ?ree s]ies ( s]mons ( #aebh1 !re=e1 7 to ! explanation ( ,lu!r's ,cate*isms :at ! ,booklet = ,laym5 0 to ! text4 #ih4 ,cate*ism ( ,bohemian ,bre?r54 ,! ass]tion has be5 made t ,lu!r1 9 8 ,small ,cate*ism1 foll[$ ! ,*ildr5's ,que/ions ( ! ,bohemian ,bre?r5 :i* at t "t _h be5 9 use = ab\t sixty ye>s4 ,?is cate*ism1 :i* 0 n cle> 9 its tea*+ on ! ,"l's ,supp]1 came to ! notice ( ,lu!r #aebj 9 ,bohemian or ,lat91 & #aebc 9 ,g]man & ,bohemian4 ,9 8 treatise1 ,conc]n+ ! ,adoration ( ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,holy ,body ( ,*ri/1 #aebc1 ,lu!r rem>ks3 ,a book has be5 circulat$ by y\r p ! ,bohemian ,bre?r5 9 ,g]man & ,bohemian :i* aims to give ,*ri/ian in/ruction to ! "y4 ,among o!r ?+s ! /atem5t is made t ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,sacram5t is n a p]sonal & natural "o1 & t ,he mu/ n be ador$ !re1 :i* disquiets u ,g]mans v mu*4 ,= )\t d\bt x is kn[n to y h[1 ?r\gh ! delegates y s5t to me1 ,i reque/$ y to make ?is p>ticul> article cle> 9 a sep>ate booklet4 ,= by ^w ( m\? ,i he>d !m confess t y hold unanim\sly t ,*ri/ is truly 9 ! ,sacram5t ) ,8 fle% & blood z x 0 born ( ,m>y & hung on ! cross1 z we ,g]mans believe4 ,t booklet has n[ be5 s5t to me by ,mr4 ,luca 9 ,lat94 ,/ill1 9 ?is article x has n yet be5 made z pure & cle> z ,i %\ld l to h se5 x4 ,h5ce ,i did n h x translat$ into ,g]man nor pr9t$ z ,i promis$1 fe>+ ,i might n r5d] ! obscure words correctly1 & ?us fail to give y\r mean+ correctly4 ,= x may be reg>d$ z a piece ( good luck if "o has hit ^u an exact translation1 ev5 if ! passage is v cle> & c]ta91 z ,i daily exp]i5ce 9 ! translations ,i am mak+4 ,n[1 t ?is matt] may come to an end1 & t ! (f5se ( ! ,g]man booklet :i* y h publi%$ may be remov$1 ,i %all pres5t to y & ev]ybody1 z pla9ly & z cle>ly z ,i am able to d1 ?is article z we ,g]mans believe x1 & z "o ought to believe accord+ to ! ,gospel4 ,!re y may see :e!r ,i h /at$ correctly :at y believe or h[ mu* we diff] f "o ano!r4 ,p]haps my ,g]man language w be cle>] to y ?an y\r ,g]man & ,lat9 is to me4 7#aa1 #dca47 ,lu!r1 !n1 0 famili> ) ! cate*ism ( ! ,bohemians1 :i* conta9$1 besides ! *ief p>ts ( ! anci5t ,*ur*1 also ! doctr9e ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,?is1 !re=e1 may h sugge/$ to him ! idea ( publi%+ a small book = *ildr5 ) que/ions & answ]s1 :i* w\ld also conta9 ! p>ts ( ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,su* at lea/ is ! op9ion ( ,cohrs1 ,kolde1 ,koe/l91 ,kaw]au1 & ,albre*t4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #dff47 ,b we h no sure k ( ?is4 ,at any rate1 x is n likely t x 0 ! book ( ! ,bohemian ,bre?r5 :i* prompt$ ,lu!r to embody ! ,sacram5ts 9 8 ,cate*ism4 ,! fur!r ass]tion ( ,ehr5feu*t]1 ,mo5ckeb]g1 et al4 t ,lu!r 9 8 ,table ( ,duties foll[$ ! ,bohemian ,bre?r51 is incorrect1 s9ce ! ,table ( ,duties appe>$ mu* lat] 9 _! cate*ism4 ,,ix4 ,! ,small & ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism ( ,lu!r4 #ii4 ,lu!r ,beg9n+ ,"w on ,cate*isms4 ,lu!r fir/ m5tion$ ! plan ( publi%+ a cate*ism 9 a lett] ( ,febru>y #b1 #aebe1 to ,nicolaus ,hausmann4 ,he in=ms him3 ,jonas & ,eisleb5 ,agricola h be5 in/ruct$ to prep>e a cate*ism = *ildr54 ,i am devot+ myself to ! ,po/il la/ "p ( ! ,w9t] ,po/il & to ,deut]onomy1 :]e ,i h suffici5t "w = ! pres5t4 7,end]s1 #e1 #aae47 ,9 a lett] ( ,m>* #bf1 #aebe1 also to ,hausmann1 ,lu!r repeats3 ,! ,cate*ism1 z ,i h writt5 be=e1 has be5 giv5 to its au?ors1 i/ se95 ,v]fass]n aufgetrag5 word54 7#add47 ,h[ev]1 :5 ,jonas & ,agricola 7:o soon mov$ f ,witt5b]g to ,eisleb57 fail$1 ,lu!r resolv$ to und]take ! "w himself1 :i*1 accord+ to 8 lett] ( ,febru>y #b1 he _h decl9$ m]ely = ! reason t he 0 already suffici5tly burd5$4 ,! execution ( 8 plan1 h[ev]1 0 def]r$4 ,septemb] #bg1 #aebe1 he wrote to ,hausmann3 ,i am po/pon+ ! ,cate*ism1 z ,i w\ld l to f9i% ev]y?+ at "o "t 9 "o "w4 7#bdf47 ,! same lett] %[s :at ,lu!r meant4 ,= "h he speaks ( ! re=mation ( ! p>i%es & ( ! introduction ( uni=m c]emonies4 ,evid5tly1 !n1 he at t "t desir$ to publi% ! ,cate*ism toge!r ) a visitation tract1 su* z ,melan*?on wrote 9 #aebg4 ,besides1 8 ,pray]-,booklet1 conta9+ ! ,brief ,=m1 z well z ! ,booklet = ,laym5 & ,*ildr51 (f]$ a tempor>y sub/itute = ! contemplat$ ,cate*ism4 ,! deplorable conditions1 h[ev]1 :i* ! ,saxon visitation br\ght to light w\ld n p]mit him to t>ry any long]4 ,! deplorable1 mis]able condition1 says ,lu!r 9 ! ,preface to 8 ,small ,cate*ism1 :i* ,i discov]$ lately :5 ,i1 too1 0 a visitor1 has =c$ & urg$ me to prep>e ?is ,cate*ism1 or ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 9 ?is small1 pla91 simple =m4 7#ece1 #a47 ,?us ! ,small ,cate*ism sprang1 z x 71 directly f ! compassion ,lu!r felt = ! *ur*es on acc\nt ( ! sad /ate ( de/itution to :i* !y _h be5 br\ght1 & :i* he felt s ke5ly dur+ ! visitation4 ,h[ev]1 ,lu!r's /atem5ts 9 ! ,g]man ,ord] ( ,wor%ip conc]n+ ! cate*etical proc$ure 9 "q & answ] quot$ above %[ t ! ?\ght ( su* a ,cate*ism did n fir/ occur to him at ?is "t4 ,/ill x 0 ! visitation t add$ ! decisive impulse to put ! idea into imm$iate execution4 ,besides1 x 0 a "t 9 :i* ,lu!r 0 entirely engross$ 9 ! ,cate*ism1 hav+ prea*$ 9 #aebh on ! five *ief p>ts no less ?an ?ree times4 ,?us ! h>ve/ 0 at h&4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #aebi1 accord+ to 8 own lett]s1 ,lu!r 0 engag$ 9 ?is "w1 hav+ probably begun ab\t ! close ( #aebh4 ,he 0 able to make rapid progress1 s9ce ample mat]ial 0 at 8 comm&4 ,! old moot "q :i* ( ! two ,cate*isms appe>$ fir/ 0 decid$ :5 ,bu*wald discov]$ ! ,/ephan ,ro? lett]s1 :i* %[ t ! ,small ,cate*ism appe>$ 9 *>t =m 9 ,janu>y & ,m>*1 #aebi1 :ile ! fir/ ,witt5b]g book edition appe>$ 9 ,may1 aft] ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism _h mean:ile come (f ! press 9 ,april4 ,f ! fact t ,lu!r simply call$ 8 ,l>ge ,cate*ism ,g]man ,cate*ism "o may inf] t he began "w on ?is fir/1 & t1 :5 writ+ ! title1 he _h n yet begun ! ,small ,cate*ism nor plann$ x def9itely2 b n1 t ,lu!r complet$ ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism fir/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 f ! title ,small ,cate*ism "o c only inf] t ,lu!r1 :5 he wrote ?us1 _h already begun to write1 & 0 work+ on1 ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 b n1 t ! ,small ,cate*ism appe>$ lat] ?an ! l>ge4 ,albre*t3 ,"o may c]ta9ly speak ( a small book be=e ! appe>ance ( a l>ge book ( simil> k9d1 if ! latt] has be5 def9itely plann$1 work$ out at ! same "t1 & is almo/ complet$4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #efi47 #ajj4 ,tables ,publi%$ ,fir/4 ,janu>y #ae1 #aebi1 ,lu!r wrote to ,m>t9 ,go]litz3 ,modo 9 p>&o cate*ismo pro rudibus paganis v]sor4 ,i am n[ busy prep>+ ! ,cate*ism = ! ignorant hea!n 7n peasants1 = 9 8 ,g]man ,ord] ( ,wor%ip1 ,lu!r says3 ,cate*ism is an in/ruction by means ( :i* hea!n :o desire to become ,*ri/ians are taught74 ,x 0 =m]ly ass]t$ t ! expression pro rudibus paganis %[$ t ,lu!r "h meant ! ,small ,cate*ism4 ,appeal+ to ! /atem5t 9 ! ,preface to ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism3 ,?is s]mon is design$ & und]tak5 t x might be an in/ruction = *ildr5 & ! simple-m9d$1 ,koelln] 0 ! fir/ "o to ass]t t ,lu!r's phrase ( ,janu>y #ae ref]r$ to ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,9 ?is he 0 foll[$ by ,cohrs1 ,end]s1 & o!rs4 7,end]s1 #g1 #dd47 ,h[ev]1 accord+ to ! usage ( ! ^w cate*ism describ$ above1 ! /atem5t quot$ does n preclude t ,lu!r1 :5 writ+ ?us1 0 engag$ on bo? ,cate*isms4 ,& su* inde$ 0 ! case4 ,= on ,janu>y #bj1 #aebi1 ,ro]]1 ! ,witt5b]g pro(read]1 wrote to ,ro?3 ,no?+ new has appe>$4 ,i believe t ! ,cate*ism z prea*$ by ,d4 ,m4 = ! unlett]$ & simple w be publi%$ = ! com+ ,frankfurt mass4 ,yet1 :ile writ+ ?is1 ,i glance at ! wall ( my dwell+1 & fix$ to ! wall ,i behold tables embrac+ 9 %orte/ & simple/ =m ,lu!r's ,cate*ism = *ildr5 & ! h\sehold1 & =?) ,i s5d !m to y z a sample1 s t by ! same mess5g] !y may be br\ght to y imm$iately4 ,iam novi nihil 9 lucem prodiit2 ad nund9as cr$o ,franc(urd5ses futuras ,cate*ismus p] ,d4 ,m4 pra$icatus pro rudibus et simplicibus edetur4 ,hoc v]o scrib5s inspicio p>ietem ae/u>ioli mei1 affixas p>ieti video tabulas complec5t5tes brevissime simul et crasse cate*ismum ,lu!ri pro pu]is et familia1 /atim mitto pro exempl>i1 ut eodem tabell>io iam ad te p]f]antur4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #dbh2 ,end]s1 #g1 #dd47 ,?is lett] ( ,janu>y #bj is ! fir/ "t t bo? ( ,lu!r's ,cate*isms are m5tion$ toge!r & di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r4 ,by cate*ism ,ro]] means ! text ( ! five *ief p>ts :i* ,lu!r put at ! head ( 8 ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,cate*ismus p] ,d4 ,m4 pra$icatus designates ! explanation ( ?is text z compris$ 9 ,lu!r's ?ree s]ies ( s]mons ( #aebh & summ$ up 9 ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,f ?is prea*$ & lat] on s-call$ ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 :i* appe>$ 9 ,april1 entitl$ ,g]man ,cate*ism1 ,ro]] di/+ui%es tables1 summ+ up ,lu!r's ,cate*ism 9 %orte/ & simple/ =m = *ildr5 & ! h\sehold4 ,he means ! s]ies ( *>ts conta9+ ! fir/ ?ree *ief p>ts1 :i* ,lu!r consid]$ ! ,cate*ism p> excell5ce4 ,& at ! "t :5 ,ro]] spoke ( ! prospective publication ( ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism = ! ,frankfurt mass1 ^! tables 7 already hang+ on 8 wall4 ,albre*t comm5ts3 ,= ! mom5t ,ro]] _h n rememb]$ ! v int]e/+ novelty1 :i* _h already appe>$ 9 ! fir/ tables ( ! lat] s-call$ ,small ,cate*ism4 ,h[ev]1 a glance at ! wall ( 8 room rem9d$ him ( x4 ,& f a lett] ( 8 dat$ ,m>* #af we mu/ inf] t !y 7 ! ?ree *>ts conta9+ ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,cre$1 & ! ,"l's ,pray] ) ,lu!r's explanation4 ,^! he calls 'tables :i* 9 %orte/ & simple/ =m embrace ,lu!r's ,cate*ism = ! *ildr5 & ! h\sehold1' ,?us he wrote 9 view ( ! sup]scription3 ',z ! head ( ! family %\ld tea* !m 9 a simple way to 8 h\sehold1' )\t imply+ a diff]5ce betwe5 ! expression pro pu]is et familia & ! prec$+ pro rudibus et simplicibus1 s9ce ! =m] are includ$ 9 ! latt]4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two works is r indicat$ by ! words brevissime simul et crasse4 ,b at ! same "t _! inn] connection is ass]t$1 = by s5d+ ! tables pro exempl>i1 he *>act]izes !m z a model or sample ( ,lu!r's mann] ( treat+ ! ,cate*ism4 ,!y are ! cate*ismus ,lu!ri1 t is1 ! a=em5tion$ cate*ismus p] ,d4 ,m4 pra$icatus 9 its %orte/ =m & draft 7conceiv$ z an extract ( ! s]mons or ( ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism74 ,he ?\ght t ?is sample w\ld indicate :at 0 to be expect$ f ! =?com+ l>g] "w4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #dbi47 ,:51 !re=e1 ,lu!r wrote on ,janu>y #ae3 ,modo 9 p>&o cate*ismo pro rudibus paganis v]sor1 he 0 engag$ on bo? ,cate*isms1 & _h proce$$ f> en\gh to enable him to s5d ! fir/ tables ( ! ,small ,cate*ism to ! pr9t]4 ,bu*wald rem>ks reg>d+ ! lett] ( ,janu>y #bj t ,ro]] probably _h j receiv$ ! tables f ! press4 ,h[ev]1 ,ro]]'s lett] to ,ro? ( ,febru>y #ab1 #aebi1 %[s t already ab\t a mon? ago he _h s5t ! tables ( ! ,cate*ism 7evid5tly ! same to :i* he ref]r$ ,janu>y #bj7 to ,spalat94 ,accord+ly1 ^! tables 7 =w>d$ ab\t ,janu>y #ab4 ,! foll[+ rem>k 9 ! ,*ur* ,ord] = ,s*o5ewald 9 ! di/rict ( ,s*we9itz3 ,fir/ to pron\nce = ! p ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,cre$ & ! ,"l's ,pray]1 !reupon to expla9 !m 9 ! mo/ simple way1 z publi%$ ea* on a pr9t$ table1 takes u back /ill a few days m4 ,= ! visitation 9 ! di/rict ( ,s*we9itz1 9 :i* ,lu!r took "p1 0 held ,janu>y #g to #i1 ! "t f :i* also ! ,s*o5ewald ,*ur* ,ord] dates4 ,at ?is visitation1 !re=e1 ev5 prior to ,janu>y #g1 ,lu!r himself di/ribut$ ! fir/ s]ies ( tables1 compris+ ! fir/ ?ree *ief p>ts1 ( 8 ,small ,cate*ism4 ,cohrs op9es t ,lu!r s5t ?is s]ies to ! pr9t] ab\t ,*ri/mas #aebh at ! late/4 ,h[ev]1 x does n appe> :y ! pr9t+ %\ld h consum$ ?ree to f\r weeks ,seb4 ,froes*els h[ev]1 is mi/ak5 :5 he decl>es 9 8 book on ! ,prie/hood ( ,*ri/1 #aefe1 t1 at a table conv]sation ( #aebh1 ,lu!r _h advis$ ,hans ,mets* con/antly to h ) him a good small cate*ism1 su* z ! "o he _h writt54 ,knaake surmises t #aebh is a mispr9t2 x %\ld be #aech4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #dcj;f47 #aja4 ,completion ( ,cate*isms ,delay$4 ,x 0 almo/ two mon?s aft] ! fir/ table-s]ies _h appe>$ be=e ! second 0 publi%$4 ,?is delay is acc\nt$ = by ,lu!r's illness & 8 be+ burd5$ ) o!r "w1 especially ) 8 book aga9/ ! ,turk4 ,m>* #c he wrote to ,hausmann3 ,by reason ( ,satan's afflictions ,i am almo/ con/antly compell$ to be a sick well man 7als ,gesund] krank zu se971 h5ce ,i am mu* h9d]$ 9 writ+ & o!r "w4 7,end]s1 #g1 #fa47 ,h[ev]1 9 ! same lett] ,lu!r in=m$ 8 impati5tly wait+ fri5d3 ,! ,cate*ism is n complet$1 my de> ,hausmann1 b x w be complet$ %ortly4 ,end]s rem>ks t ?is ref]s to ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,h[ev]1 x h>monizes be/ ) ,lu!r's usage & ) ! facts if ! words are und]/ood z ref]r+ to bo? ,cate*isms4 ,%ortly1 ,lu!r _h writt51 & on ,m>* #af ,ro]]1 accord+ to 8 lett] ( ?is date1 =w>d$ ! tables ( ,confession1 ! ,g]man ,litany1 ! tables ( ! ,sacram5t ( ,baptism & ( ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,ro]] calls !m a novelty1 rec5s excussa1 rec5tly pr9t$1 f :i* x appe>s t ! tabulae cate*ismum ,lu!ri brevissime simul et crasse complect5tes1 to :i* he ref]r$ on ,janu>y #bj1 did n conta9 ! ,sacram5ts4 ,?us1 !n1 ! five *ief p>ts1 ,decalog1 ,cre$1 ,"l's ,pray]1 ,baptism1 & ,"l's ,supp] 7 complet$ by ,m>* #af1 #aebi4 ,bu*wald & ,cohrs surmise1 b )\t fur!r gr\nd = _! assumption1 t ! table ) ! ,b5$icite & ! ,gratias 0 issu$ toge!r ) ! fir/ s]ies 9 ,janu>y4 ,at ! late/1 h[ev]1 ! pray]s appe>$ ) ! second s]ies4 ,= ,m>* #g1 #aebi1 ,lev9 ,metzs* wrote to ,ro?1 evid5tly ref]r+ to ,lu!r's tables3 ,i am h]e) also s5d+ to y ! ,b5$icite & ! ,gratias1 also ! ,morn+ & ,ev5+ ,pray]s1 toge!r ) ! ,vice ( ,drunk5ness4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #dcb47 ,! exact "t :5 ,lu!r compos$ ! ,table ( ,duties is n kn[n4 ,& ! fir/ evid5ce we h ( ! ,small ,cate*ism's appe>+ 9 book =m is ,ro]]'s lett] ( ,may #af1 #aebi1 say+ t he is s5d+ two copies ( ! ,small ,cate*ism1 ! price ( :i*1 toge!r ) o!r books1 is two gros*54 7#dcb47 ,! necess>y data are lack+ to det]m9e h[ long ,lu!r's manuscript 0 ready be=e x 0 pr9t$1 & be=e ! pr9t$ copies 7 di/ribut$4 ,z to ! l>ge ,cate*ism1 x 0 n complet$ :5 ! second table s]ies appe>$ 9 ,m>*4 ,9 a lett]1 ! date ( :i* mu/ probably be fix$ ab\t ! end ( ,m>*1 ,ro]] says3 ,! ,turk is n yet entirely /ruck (f2 nei!r ! ,cate*ism4 ,april #bc1 h[ev]1 ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism 0 on ! m>ket1 = on ?is day ,ro]] wrote3 ,i am s5d+ ?ree copies ( ! ,cate*ism4 ,x 0 ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism2 = ! price ( ea* copy 0 two gros*51 :]eas on ,may #af1 #aebi1 ,ro]] _h s5t two copies ( ! ,small ,cate*ism & o!r books = two gros*54 7#dcb47 ,! ,l>ge ,cate*ism probably _h appe>$ sev]al weeks be=e ,april #bc4 ,albre*t3 ,ev5 if all ( ,lu!r's s]mons f ,palm ,sunday to ,maundy ,?ursday1 #aebi1 are consid]$ prelim9>y works1 accord+ to :i* ! la/ p>agraphs ( ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism 7 elaborat$1 we c assume t its appe>ance 9 ! beg9n+ or ! fir/ half ( ,april1 #aebi1 0 possible4 ,to be sure1 ! pr9t+ mu/ !n h be5 advanc$ s f> be=e ,holy ,week t ! re/ c\ld be f9i%$ spe$ily on ! basis ( ! manuscript deliv]$ imm$iately aft] ! s]mons ( ,monday & ,maundy ,?ursday _h be5 prea*$4 ,?is !ory fits 9 ) ! facts t ,john ,lonic] ( ,m>burg _h already complet$ 8 ,lat9 translation on ,may #ae1 #aebi 7al?\gh1 accord+ to ! title-page1 x fir/ appe>$ 9 ,septemb]71 & t ,ro]] 9 a lett] ( ,april #bc m]ely m5tions ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism 9 pass+1 )\t designat+ x z an important novelty4 ,/eph5 ,ro?1 ! recipi5t ( ! lett]1 sp5t "s "t at ,witt5b]g dur+ ,april1 & probably pur*as$ 8 fir/ copy !re2 s ,ro]] ref]s to copies :i* 7 ord]$ subsequ5tly4 7#dhb47 ,:ile ?us ! ,small ,cate*ism 9 *>t =m 0 complet$ & publi%$ be=e ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 ! =m] succe$$ ! latt] 9 book =m4 ,h[ev]1 ?\gh complet$ aft] ! ,small ,cate*ism1 x c be %[n t ! beg9n+ & p]haps ev5 "p ( ! pr9t+ ( ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism dates back to #aebh1 ?us prec$+ 9 ?is respect ev5 ! ,*>ts ( ,janu>y #i4 ,if ! %ort ,preface to ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 z well z ! exhortation at ! beg9n+3 ,let ! "y p also come to ! prea*+1 t !y he> x expla9$ & le>n to und]/& x1 etc41 _h be5 writt5 aft] ! #i? ( ,janu>y1 ,lu!r w\ld probably h m5tion$ ! ,tables1 j z he ref]s to ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism 9 ! ,preface to ! ,small ,cate*ism1 :i* 0 writt5 ab\t ! end ( ,april or ! beg9n+ ( ,may4 7#ece1 #ag47 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ,lu!r makes no su* indication1 ^! p>agraphs ( ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism 71 no d\bt1 compos$ be=e ,janu>y1 #aebi4 7#ege1 #a2 #egi1 #bf47 ,! same inf]5ce may be drawn f ! fact t1 9 ! explanation ( ! ,fir/ ,comm&m5t1 ! word+ ( ! conclusion ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts %[s a numb] ( v>iations f its word+ 9 ! ,small ,cate*ism1 :]eas its word+ at ! close ( ! explanation ( ! comm&m5ts is 9 con=mity ) x4 7#ehh1 #cj2 #fgb1 #cbj47 #ajb4 ,simil>ity & ,purpose ( ,cate*isms4 ,z great z is ! dissimil>ity betwe5 ,lu!r's two ,cate*isms1 on ! "o h&1 s great1 on ! o!r1 is ! simil>ity4 ,if "o did n "k t ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism 0 begun be=e ! ,small1 & t bo? orig9at$ 9 ! s]mons ( #aebh1 he might ei!r view ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism z a subsequ5t expansion ( ! ,small1 or ! latt] z a summ>y ( ! =m]4 ,yet nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r is ! case4 ,if ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism influ5c$ ! ,small1 s also ! latt] ! =m]4 ,albre*t says3 ,x is m probable t ! ,small ,cate*ism influ5c$ ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism ?an vice v]sa4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #eeh47 ,at all ev5ts1 ! second table-s]ies c\ld n h be5 extract$ f ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism z su*1 s9ce ! latt] 0 only complet$ aft] ,m>* #be1 :]eas ^! tables 7 publi%$ already on ,m>* #af4 ,! ,small ,cate*ism has be5 *>act]iz$ z a small basketful ( ripe fruit ga!r$ f t tree ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,9 sub/ance t is true1 s9ce bo? orig9ate f ! same s\rce1 ! s]mons ( #aebh4 ,already ,ro]] calls att5tion to ?is simil>ity1 :5 9 ! a=em5tion$ lett]1 he designates ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism z ,cate*ismus p] ,d4 ,m4 pra$icatus1 & !n describes ! ,small ,cate*ism z tabulae complect5tes brevisissime simul et crasse cate*ismum ,lu!ri pro pu]is et familia4 ,bo? treat ( ! same five *ief p>ts2 ! explanation ( bo? presupposes ! k ( ! text ( ^! p>ts1 bo? owe _! orig9 to ! doctr9al ignorance1 uncov]$ p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,saxon visitation2 & ! purpose ( bo? is ! in/ruction ( ! pla9 p & ! "y4 ,inde$1 x 0 n = s*ol>s1 b = ! p t ,lu!r liv$1 labor$1 & cont5d$4 ,=1 says he 9 8 ,g]man ,mass1 ! p>am\nt ?+ is to tea* & lead ! p4 7,w4 #ai1 #ig47 ,above all1 ,lu!r endeavor$ to acqua9t ! de> y\? ) ! sav+ tru?s1 n m]ely = _! own sakes1 b 9 ! int]e/ ( future g5]ations z well4 ,he desir$ to make !m mature ,*ri/ians1 able to confess _! fai? & to imp>t in/ruction to _! *ildr5 lat] on4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! two ,cate*isms 7 to s]ve ! purpose ( prop]ly prep>+ ! *ildr5 & ! unle>n$ = ! ,holy ,eu*>i/1 z appe>s f ! ,preface to ! ,small ,cate*ism & f ! la/ p>agraphs ( ! ,l>ge 7#ecf1 #ba;ff42 #gfj1 #ci;ff472 = bo? end 9 admonitions dilig5tly to p>take ( ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,! ,sacram5t ( ! ,alt>1 9 ,lu!r's e/imation1 is ! goal ( all cate*etical in/ruction4 ,= ?is reason he add$ to ! anci5t *ief p>ts ^? ( ,baptism1 ,confession1 & ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,accord+ly1 bo? ,cate*isms1 ?\gh 9 v>i\s respects1 are int5d$ = all3 p1 y\?1 p>5ts1 prea*]s1 & tea*]s4 ,x is n correct to say t ,lu!r wrote 8 ,l>ge ,cate*ism only = s*ol>s1 & ! o!r only = ! unle>n$4 ,he desir$ to in/ruct all1 &1 at ! same "t1 enable p>5ts & pa/ors to tea*4 ,accord+ to ,lu!r1 x is ! duty ( e ,*ri/ian to le>n con/antly1 9 ord] also to be able to tea* o!rs 9 turn4 ,if any "o1 said he1 really no long] ne$$ ! ,cate*ism = himself1 he %\ld /udy x nev]!less = ! sake ( ! ignorant4 ,nor did ,lu!r exempt himself f su* /udy4 ,9 ! ,long ,preface to ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism we read3 ,b = myself ,i say ?is3 ,i am also a doctor & prea*]1 yea1 z le>n$ & exp]i5c$ z all ^? may be :o h su* presumption & security2 yet ,i d z a *ild :o is be+ taught ! ,cate*ism1 & e morn+1 & :5ev] ,i h "t1 ,i read & say1 ^w = ^w ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,cre$1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ! ,psalms1 etc4 ,& ,i mu/ /ill read & /udy daily1 & yet ,i _c ma/] x z ,i wi%1 b mu/ rema9 a *ild & pupil ( ! ,cate*ism1 & am glad s to rema94 7#efi1 #g47 ,april #ah1 #aecj1 ,lu!r repeat$ ?is 9 a s]mon z foll[s3 ,:oev] is able to read1 let him1 9 ! morn+1 take a psalm or "s o!r *apt] 9 ! ,bible & /udy x = a :ile4 ,= t is :at ,i d4 ,:5 ,i rise 9 ! morn+1 ,i pray ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,cre$1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & also a psalm ) ! *ildr54 ,i d s because ,i wi% to rema9 famili> ) x1 & n h x ov]gr[n ) mildew1 s t ,i "k x4 7,w4 #cb1 #fe47 ,9 a s]mon ( ,novemb] #bg1 ( ! same ye>1 ,lu!r w>ns3 ,bew>e le/ y become presumptu\s1 z ?\gh1 because y h he>d x (t51 y knew en\gh ( ! ,cate*ism4 ,= ?is k ev] desires u to be its /ud5ts4 ,we %all nev] f9i% le>n+ x1 s9ce x does n consi/ 9 spee*1 b 9 life4 444 ,= ,i also1 ,d4 ,m41 doctor & prea*]1 am compell$ day by day to pray & to recite ! words ( ! ,decalog1 ! ,symbol1 & ! ,"l's ,pray] z *ildr5 are wont to d4 ,h5ce y ne$ n be a%am$2 = mu* fruit w result4 7#bji47 #ajc4 ,p>ticul> ,purpose ( ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,9 8 s]mons ( #aebi ,lu!r decl>$ repeat$ly t 8 purpose 0 to in/ruct ! pla9 p & ! *ildr5 9 ^? ?+s :i* he reg>d$ z ! m9imum e ,*ri/ian ought to "k4 7#cj1 #a1 #b4 #bg4 #eg47 ,& he did n ab&on ?is purpose :5 he cond5s$ 8 s]mons into ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,accord+ly1 he beg9s x ) ! words3 ,?is s]mon is design$ & und]tak5 t x might be an in/ruction = *ildr5 & ! simple-m9d$4 7#ege1 #a47 ,aga93 ,= ! reason1 :y we ex]cise su* dilig5ce 9 prea*+ ! ,cate*ism s (t5 is t x may be inculcat$ on our y\?1 n 9 a high & subtile mann]1 b briefly & ) ! greate/ simplicity1 s z to ent] ! m9d readily & be fix$ 9 ! memory4 7#eha1 #bg47 ,h5ce ,ro]] also *>act]iz$ ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism z ,cate*ismus p] ,d4 ,m4 pra$icatus pro rudibus et simplicibus4 ,_m expressions ( ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism also po9t to ! fact t ev]y?+ 0 "h int5d$ = ! "y & ! common p4 ,= example3 ,all ?is ,i say t x may be well impress$ ^u ! "y4 7#fba1 #adj47 ,b n[ = "y s*ol>s let x suffice to indicate ! mo/ necess>y po9ts4 7#fha1 #ab47 ,b to expla9 all ^! s+le po9ts sep>ately belongs n to brief s]mons = *ildr51 b r to ! ampl] s]mons t ext5d ?r\gh\t ! entire ye>4 7#fhg1 #cb47 ,?us ,lu!r aim$ to s]ve ! p & ! *ildr5 also by 8 ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,n1 inde$1 t x 0 to be giv5 into ! h&s ( ! *ildr5 7! ,small ,cate*ism s]v$ t purpose71 b t prea*]s1 tea*]s1 & p>5ts 7 to use x ) a view to tea*+ !m by example h[ to exp\nd ! articles ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e = ! simple-m9d$4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism 0 to enable ! less educat$ pa/ors 9 ! villages & 9 ! c\ntry to d ju/ice to _! sacr$ duty4 ,! in/ructions ( ! visitors call$ = regul> ,cate*ism-s]mons4 ,= ?is purpose ,lu!r s\ght to furni% ! prea*]s ) mat]ial4 ,f ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism !y 7 to le>n h[ to deliv] simple1 pla9 s]mons on ! five *ief p>ts4 ,9 ! long] ,preface ,lu!r !re=e directs 8 admonition to all ,*ri/ians1 b especially to all pa/ors & prea*]s1 t !y %\ld daily ex]cise !mselves 9 ! ,cate*ism1 :i* is a %ort summ>y & epitome ( ! entire ,holy ,scriptures1 & t !y may always tea* ! same4 ,& :y8 ,lu!r expla9s3 ,we h no slight reasons = treat+ ! ,cate*ism s con/antly1 & = bo? desir+ & besee*+ o!rs to tea* x1 s9ce we see to our sorr[ t _m pa/ors & prea*]s are v neglig5t 9 ?is1 & slight bo? _! (fice & ?is tea*+2 "s f great & high art1 b o!rs f %e] laz9ess & c>e = _! paun*es1 etc4 7#efg47 ,m9i/]s1 accord+ to ,lu!r1 7 to /udy ! ,cate*ism = _! own in/ruction & edification z well z 9 ! int]e/ ( _! (fice4 ,h5ce he concludes 8 ,preface1 say+3 ,!re=e ,i aga9 implore all ,*ri/ians1 especially pa/ors & prea*]s1 n to be doctors too soon1 & imag9e t !y "k ev]y?+ 7= imag9ation & clo? un%runk fall f> %ort ( ! measure71 b t !y daily ex]cise !mselves well 9 ^! /udies & con/antly treat !m2 moreov]1 t !y gu>d ) all c>e & dilig5ce aga9/ ! poison\s infection ( su* security & va9 imag9ation1 b /eadily keep on read+1 tea*+1 le>n+1 pond]+1 & m$itat+1 & d n cease until !y h made a te/ & are sure t !y h taught ! devil to dea?1 & h become m le>n$ ?an ,god ,himself & all ,8 sa9ts4 7#egc1 #ai2 #ece1 #ag47 ,f ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 !re=e1 pa/ors 7 to le>n h[ to prea* ! fundam5tal ,*ri/ian tru?s4 ,to be sure1 says ,albre*t1 ,lu!r did n make x z easy = ! pa/ors z 0 lat] done by ,osi&] & ,sleupn] 9 ! ,nu]nb]g ,*ildr5's ,s]mons1 :]e ! individual s]mons are exactly m>k$ (f1 ! =m ( address to ! *ildr5 is reta9$1 &1 9 ea* in/ance1 a %ort explanation1 to be memoriz$1 is add$ to ! long] explanation4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #dgh47--,t x 0 ,lu!r's purpose to h 8 ,l>ge ,cate*ism s]ve also p>5ts appe>s f ! in/ructions at ! beg9n+ & ! end ( x4 7#egd1 #ag2 #ggb1 #hg47 #ajd4 ,special ,purpose ( ,small ,cate*ism4 ,! ,l>ge ,cate*ism 0 to s]ve all2 ! same applies to ! ,small ,cate*ism4 ,b above all x 0 to be plac$ into ! h&s ( ! *ildr51 :o 7 to use & to memorize x at home1 & to br+ x ) !m = in/ruction 9 ! *ur*4 ,bu*wald & ,cohrs surmise t ,lu!r publi%$ ! second table s]ies dur+ ,l5t ) special ref]5ce to gr[n p4 ,h[ev]1 ,lu!r 0 accu/om$ to direct 8 admonition to p>take ( ! ,"l's ,supp] dilig5tly also to *ildr51 & t1 too1 to *ildr5 ( comp>atively t5d] ye>s4 ,9 8 s]mon ( ,m>* #be1 #aebi1 he says3 ,?is exhortation ought n only to move u old] ones1 b also ! "y & ! *ildr54 ,!re=e y p>5ts ought to in/ruct & educate !m 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,"l3 ! ,decalog1 ! ,cre$1 ! ,pray]1 & ! ,sacram5ts4 ,su* *ildr5 ought also to be admitt$ to ! ,table t !y may be p>tak]s ( ! ,"l's ,supp]4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #bcc47 ,9 8 s]mon ( ,decemb] #ai1 #aebh1 we read3 ,h5ce1 y p>5ts & heads ( families1 invite y\r subord9ates to ?is ,sacram5t1 & we %all dem& an acc\nt ( y if y neglect x4 ,if y w n g y\rselves1 let ! "y g2 we are mu* conc]n$ ab\t !m4 ,:5 !y come1 we %all le>n1 by exam9+ !m h[ y in/ruct !m 9 ! ,^w z prescrib$4 ,h5ce1 d come m frequ5tly to ! ,sacram5t1 & also admoni% y\r *ildr5 to d s :5 !y h rea*$ ! age ( discretion4 ,= 9 ?is way we want to le>n :o are ,*ri/ians1 & :o n4 ,if y w n d s1 we %all speak to y on ! subject4 ,= ev5 ?\gh y old] p insi/ on go+ to ! devil1 we %all /ill inquire ab\t y\r *ildr54 ,necessity3 because s91 ! devil1 & dea? are ev] pres5t4 ,b5efit3 because ! remission ( s9s & ! ,holy ,_s are receiv$4 7#aba;f47 ,! t5d] age at :i* ! "y 7 held to p>take ( ! ,"l's ,supp] appe>s f ,bug5hag5's preface to ! ,dani% edition ( ! ,en*iridion ( #aech1 :]e he says t aft] ?is confession is made1 also ! little *ildr5 ( ab\t eight ye>s or less %\ld be admitt$ to ! table ( ,him :o says3 ',suff] ! little *ildr5 to come unto ,me1' 7#dcc47 ,! conjecture1 !re=e1 t ! tables ( ,confession & ! ,sacram5ts 7 n int5d$ = *ildr51 b specifically = adults1 is )\t f\ndation4 ,9 all its p>ts ! ,small ,cate*ism 0 int5d$ to s]ve ! *ildr54 ,:5 ! fir/ table appe>$1 x bore ! sup]scription3 ,! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 z ! head ( ! family %\ld tea* !m 9 a simple way to 8 h\sehold4 ,simil> to ?is 7 ! titles ( ! rema9+ *>ts4 ,& ^! sup]scriptions 7 p]mitt$ to /& :5 ,lu!r publi%$ ! ,en*iridion 9 book =m4 ,! book edition1 !re=e1 z well z ! *>t edition1 0 to r5d] s]vices also to p>5ts1 :o 7 to take ^u !mselves a l>ge "p ( ! "w 9 tea*+ ! "y4 ,b h[ 7 !y to d x1 9 view ( ! fact t _m ( !m did n "k ! ,cate*ism !mselves8 ,?is _h occurr$ also to ,lu!r4 ,he realiz$ t1 besides ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 p>5ts 7 9 ne$ ( a text-book conta9+ que/ions & answ]s1 adapt$ = cate*iz+ ! *ildr5 on ! mean+ ( ea* "p ( ! ,cate*ism4 ,?is1 too1 0 ! reason :y ! ,small ,cate*ism 0 rapidly complet$ be=e ! ,l>ge1 :i* _h be5 begun fir/4 ,lu!r int5d$ p>5ts to use x fir/ ( all = _! own in/ruction & edification1 b also = ! purpose ( enabl+ !m to dis*>ge _! duty by _! *ildr5 & h\sehold4 #aje4 ,small ,cate*ism ,int5d$ ,also = ,pa/ors4 ,t ,lu!r int5d$ 8 ,small ,cate*ism z a help also = pa/ors 01 9 s _m words1 /at$ on ! title-page ( ! fir/ book edition4 ,=1 surpris+ z x may seem1 "h he m5tions nei!r ! p>5ts nor ! *ildr51 b solely ! ord9>y pa/ors & prea*]s4 ,! ,preface also is address$ to all fai?ful1 pi\s pa/ors & prea*]s1 & x %[s 9 detail h[ !y 7 to make use ( ! book4 ,evid5tly1 !n1 ! book edition 0 int5d$ to r5d] special s]vices also to prea*]s4 ,! reason1 h[ev]1 0 n1 z has be5 surmis$1 because x embodi$ ! booklet on ,m>riage 7! booklet on ,baptism 0 add$ 9 ! second edition72 = ! ,preface1 :i* is address$ to ! prea*]s1 does n ev5 m5tion x4 ,! pa/ors1 moreov]1 7 especially designat$ on ! title-page z ! recipi5ts ( ! ,en*iridion1 inasmu* z !y 7 to employ x 9 _! religi\s in/ruction & cate*etical s]mons1 9 ord] to imbue ! "y ) its cont5ts4 ,! expression ord9>y pa/ors & prea*]s ref]r$ prim>ily to ! pla9 prea*]s 9 ! villages1 :]e no prop]ly regulat$ s*ool sy/em exi/$1 & :]e1 at be/1 ! sexton might assi/ ! pa/or 9 see+ to x t ! ,cate*ism 0 memoriz$4 ,albre*t3 ,:5 ,lu!r prep>$ bo? ,cate*isms at ! same "t & ) ref]5ce to ea* o!r1 he evid5tly desir$ _! simultane\s use1 especially on ! "p ( ! pla9 pa/ors1 :o 9 ! ,small ,cate*ism possess$ ! lead+ ?\ghts :i* 7 to be memoriz$1 & 9 ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism _! cle> & popul> explanation4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #edh47 ,lu!r's int5tion 0 to make ! ,small ,cate*ism ! basis ( in/ruction 9 ! *ur* z well z 9 ! homes2 = uni=m in/ruction 0 requir$ to insure results4 ,hav+1 !re=e1 plac$ ! ,cate*ism into ! h&s ( ! p>5ts1 ,lu!r c\ld b urge t x be introduc$ 9 ! *ur*es1 too4 ,he also %[$ !m h[ to use x4 ,on ,june #aa1 #aebi1 = in/ance1 he exp\nd$ ! ,fir/ ,article aft] he _h read ! text & ! explanation ( ! ,small ,cate*ism4 7#edi47 ,?is ! pa/ors 7 to imitate1 a plan :i* 0 also c>ri$ out4 ,! *>ts 7 susp5d$ 9 ! *ur*es2 ! p & *ildr5 7 wont to br+ ! book edition ) !m to *ur*2 ! prea*]s read ! text1 exp\nd$ x1 & _h x recit$4 ,! ,s*o5ewald ,*ur* ,ord] prescrib$ t ! pa/or fir/ pron\nce = ! p ! text ( ! *ief p>ts1 & !n exp\nd x z on ,lu!r's *>ts4 7#edi47 #ajf4 ,a ,book ,also = ,s*ools & ,tea*]s4 ,:5 plann+ & writ+ 8 ,small ,cate*ism1 ,lu!r self-evid5tly did n ov]look ! s*ools & ! s*ooltea*]s4 ,! fir/ booklet ( ! *>ts = ! ,lat9 s*ools ( ! ,middle ,ages conta9$ ! abc2 ! second1 ! fir/ read+-mat]ial1 viz41 ! ,pat]no/]1 ,ave ,m>ia1 & ! ,cr$o2 ! ?ird1 ! ,b5$icite1 ,gratias1 & simil> pray]s4 ,albre*t writes3 ,we may surmise t ,lu!r1 :5 compos+ ! ,g]man tables & comb9+ !m 9 a book1 _h 9 m9d ! old *>t-booklets4 ,?is view is support$ by ! fact t 9 x he embodi$ ! pray]s1 ! ,b5$icite & ,gratias1 & probably also by ! title ,en*iridion1 :i*1 besides ! titles ',h&booklet' or ',! ,*ildr5's ,h&booklet' 0 appli$ to su* elem5t>y books4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #edf47 ,9 ! ,in/ruction = ! ,visitors we read3 ,a c]ta9 day1 ei!r ,saturday or ,w$nesday1 %all be set aside = imp>t+ to ! *ildr5 ,*ri/ian in/ruction4 444 ,h]eupon ! s*ooltea*] %all simply & correctly exp\nd at "o "t ! ,"l's ,pray]1 at ano!r ! ,cre$1 at ano!r ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 etc4 7,w4 #bf1 #bch47 ,9 ^! s*ools ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism s]v$ z text-book4 ,f #aebi until ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury ,sau]mann's ,lat9 translation 7,p>vus ,cate*ismus pro ,pu]is 9 ,s*ola7 0 employ$ 9 ! ,lat9 s*ools ( ,saxony4 ,9 ! ,g]man s*ools ! ,g]man ,en*iridion 0 us$ z ! ,fir/ ,read]4 ,h5ce1 ! ,m>burg repr9t ( ! fir/ ,witt5b]g edition ( ! ,cate*ism beg9s ) ! alphabet1 & makes x a po9t to m5tion ?is fact on its title-page4 ,d[n to ! pres5t day no o!r book has become & rema9$ a s*oolbook = religi\s in/ruction to su* an ext5t z ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism4 ,& rightly s2 = ev5 ,bible ,hi/ory mu/ be reg>d$ z subord9ate to x4 ,! ass]tion ( mod]n educators t in/ruction 9 ,bible ,hi/ory mu/ prec$e in/ruction 9 ,lu!r's ,cate*ism re/s on ! false assumption t ,lu!r's ,cate*ism tea*es doctr9es only4 ,b ! tru? is t x conta9s all ! ess5tial facts ( salvation z well1 ?\gh 9 briefe/ =m1 z appe>s p>ticul>ly f ! ,second ,article1 :i* enum]ates hi/orical facts only4 ,! ,small ,cate*ism is ! ,laym5's ,bible1 d] ,lai5 ,biblia1 z ,lu!r call$ x 9 a s]mon ( ,septemb] #ad1 #aebh1 an expression adopt$ also by ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 7#ggg1 #e47 ,lu!r's ,en*iridion pres5ts bo? ! facts ( salvation & _! div9e int]pretation4 ,! picture = :i* ! ,small ,cate*ism furni%es ! frame is ,*ri/1 ! hi/orical ,*ri/1 z glorifi$ by ! ,holy ,_s p>ticul>ly 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,apo/le ,paul4 ,9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* ! ,small ,cate*ism1 !re=e1 des]ves to be & always to rema9 :at x became f ! fir/ mom5t ( its publication3 ! book ( religi\s in/ruction = home1 s*ool1 & *ur*2 = p>5ts1 *ildr51 tea*]s1 & prea*]s1 j z ,lu!r _h plann$ & desir$4 #ajg4 ,titles ( ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,deuts*e ,kate*ismus1 ,g]man ,cate*ism1 0 ! title "u :i* ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism fir/ appe>$1 & :i* ,lu!r nev] *ang$4 ,9 ! ,preface to ! ,small ,cate*ism he us$ ! expression ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 hav+ 9 m9d 8 own ,cate*ism1 ?\gh n exclusively1 z ! context %[s4 7#ecd1 #ag47 ,yet ?is 0 ! natural title s9ce ! %ort] ,cate*ism 0 f ! beg9n+ kn[n z ! ,small ,cate*ism4 ,& be=e long x 0 univ]sally 9 vogue4 ,! ,*ur* ,ord] = ,brueck1 ( #aecj1 designates ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism z ! ,long ,cate*ism4 ,9 ! catalog ( 8 writ+s ( #aecc1 :i* ,lu!r prefac$1 b did n compile1 x is call$ ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 ,cate*ismus ,gross4 ,likewise 9 ! ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,pom]anicum4 ,! ,articles ( ! ,visitors 9 ,meisz51 #aecc1 fir/ employ$ ! designation ,! ,l>ge & ,small ,cate*isms4 ,! ,*ur* ,ord] = ,g]a ( ! same ye> also di/+ui%es3 ,! ,l>ge ,cate*ism & ! ,small ,cate*ism4 ,! ,eisfeld ,ord] ( #aeed di/+ui%es3 ,! ,small ,cate*ism ( ,lu!r & ,! ,l>ge ,cate*ism ( ,lu!r4 ,9 8 treatise on ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism ( #aeda1 ,spang5b]g fir/ employ$ ! new =m z a title3 ,! ,l>ge ,cate*ism & ,*ildr5's ,in/ruction ( ,dr4 ,m4 ,lu!r4 ,! title ( ! ,l[ ,g]man edition ( #aeda runs3 ,de ,grote ,kate*ismus ,du$es*4 ,! ,lat9 translation by ,obsopoeus ( #aedd is entitl$ ,cate*ismus ,maior4 ,! ,index ( ! ,witt5b]g complete edition ( ,lu!r's ,works ( #aeec has ,d] grosse ,kate*ismus1 :ile ! ,cate*ism itself /ill be>s ! orig9al title1 ,deuts*] ,kate*ismus4 ,! ,j5a edition ( #aeef also has ! orig9al title1 b p>aphrases 9 ! ,index3 ,zwei]lei ,vorr$e1 gross und kle91 ,d4 ,m4 ,l4 auf d5 ,kate*ismum1 von ihm gepr$igt ,anno #aebi4 ,two ,prefaces1 l>ge & small1 ( ,dr4 ,m4 ,l4 to ! ,cate*ism1 prea*$ by him 9 ! ye> #aebi4 ,s9ce #aegj1 ! ,corpora ,doctr9ae give ! title1 ,! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 ,g]man4 ,d] ,grosse ,kate*ismus1 deuts*4 ,s also ! ,book ( ,concord ( #aehj4 ,9 ! ,leipzig edition & 9 ,wal*'s ! ^w deuts* is omitt$4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #dgd;f47 ,g]man ,cate*ism1 correspond+ to ! title ,g]man ,mass1 means ,g]man prea*+ = *ildr51 ,g]man in/ruction 9 ! fundam5tal doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,lu!r wrote ,g]man ,mass 9 ord] to di/+ui% x f ! ,lat91 :i* 0 reta9$ = _m ye>s at ,witt5b]g beside ! ,g]man s]vice 7?is is also :at ,wolfgang ,musculus meant :5 he report$ 9 #aecf t 9 ,witt5b]g s]vices 7 conduct$ pr$om9antly 9 papi/ic fa%ion1 ad morem papi/icum74 ,s also ,g]man ,cate*ism is 9 contra/ to ! ,lat9 in/ruction 9 ! *ur*es & especially 9 ! s*ools4 ,conc]n+ ! latt] we read1 e4g41 9 ! in/ruction ( ! visitors3 ,! boys %all also be induc$ to speak ,lat91 & ! s*ooltea*]s %all1 z f> z possible1 speak no?+ b ,lat9 ) !m4 7#bf1 #bdj47 ,ev] s9ce ! e>ly "p ( ! ,middle ,ages ! ,lat9 ,cr$o1 ,pat]no/]1 etc41 _h be5 reg>d$ & memoriz$ z sacr$ =mulas1 ! v]nacul> be+ p]mitt$ only r>ely1 & reluctantly at t4 ,also 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* ! ,lat9 language 0 n imm$iately aboli%$4 ,a numb] ( ,evangelical cate*isms1 ant$at+ ,lu!r's1 7 writt5 91 & presuppose ! use (1 ! ,lat9 language1 = example1 ,melan*?on's ,en*iridion1 ,ur]ius's ,pa$agogia1 ,agricola's ,elem5ta ,pietatis1 etc4 ,! ,brunswick ,liturgy ( #aebh1 draft$ by ,bug5hag51 prescrib$ t on ,saturday ev5+ & e>ly on ,sunday morn+ ! *ief p>ts ( ! ,cate*ism be read 9 ,lat9 9 ! *ur*es on bo? gall]ies1 sl[ly1 )\t *ant+ 7s9e tono71 alt]nately 7ummes*i*t74 ,! ,witt5b]g ,liturgy provid$3 ,be=e ! e>ly s]mon on ,sundays or on fe/ival-days ! boys 9 ! *oir1 on bo? sides1 %all read ! entire ,cate*ism 9 ,lat91 v]se by v]se1 )\t ornam5tal tone 7s9e tono di/9cto74 7#dgg47 ,accord+ly1 :5 ,lu!r began to prea* on ! *ief p>ts 9 ,g]man1 he 0 said to conduct ,g]man ,cate*ism4 ,& s9ce ,g]man s]vices ) ,g]man in/ruction 7 in/itut$ by ,lu!r 9 ! int]e/ ( ! unle>n$ & su* z 7 unable to att5d ! ,lat9 s*ools1 ! t]m ,g]man ,cate*ism 0 equival5t to popul> in/ruction 9 religion4 ,t ,lu!r's ,cate*ism1 also 9 po9t ( racy language1 0 ,g]man to ! core1 appe>s f ! frequ5t use ( ,g]man words & expressions :i*1 9 "p1 h s9ce become obsolete4 7,muell]1 ,symb4 ,bue*]1 #heg--hfj47 #ajh4 ,editions ( ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,! fir/ edition 7qu>to7 ( ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 ( :i* ,ro]] =w>d$ copies on ,april #bc1 #aebi1 conta9s1 z text1 ! ,comm&m5ts1 ! ,cre$1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 & ! words ( in/itution ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,! text is prec$$ by a ,brief ,preface1 :i*1 h[ev]1 ,lu!r1 consid]+ x a "p ( ! ,cate*ism1 did n designate & sup]scribe z su*4 ,"s in/ructions & admonitions are ins]t$ betwe5 ! ,cate*ism-text1 :i* is foll[$ by ! detail$ explanation4 ,su* is ! =m 9 :i* ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism fir/ appe>$1 & :i*1 9 ! ma91 x also reta9$4 ,! second edition 7also 9 qu>to & f ! ye> #aebi7 reveals num]\s textual corrections & adds a long] section to ! ,"l's ,pray]1 viz41 p>agraphs #i to #aa3 at ! risk ( ,god's wra?4444 seek ,8 grace4 7#fii47 ,?is addition1 ?\gh n f\nd 9 ! ,g]man ,book ( ,concord ( #aehj1 0 receiv$ into ! (ficial ,lat9 ,concordia ( #aehd4 ,fur!rmore1 ! second edition ( #aebi adds ! ,%ort ,admonition to ,confession2 h5ce ! sub-title3 ,increas$ by a ,new ,in/ruction & ,admonition to ,confession4 ,?is addition1 h[ev]1 0 embodi$ 9 nei!r ! ,g]man nor ! ,lat9 ,concordia4 ,9 ! ,sev5? ,comm&m5t ! second edition ( #aebi omits ! words ) :om ar*-?ieves lords & pr9ces keep company 7#fdd1 #bcj71 :i*1 accord+ to ,albre*t1 0 due to a timid pro(-read]4 ,num]\s m>g9al notes1 briefly summ>iz+ ! cont5ts1 7 also add$ to ?is edition & reta9$ 9 ! ,lat9 ,concordia ( #aehd4 ,fur!rmore1 x conta9$ #bd woodcuts1 ! fir/ ?ree ( :i* 7 already us$ 9 ,melan*?on's fragm5t>y ,cate*ism s]mons ( #aebh1 = :i* book probably also ! rema9+ cuts 7 orig9ally int5d$4 ,albre*t rem>ks3 ,let x rema9 undecid$ :e!r ! cuts1 :i* ,melan*?on probably 0 fir/ to select = 8 cate*ism s]mons ( #aebh1 7 receiv$ into ! edition ( #aebi 7:i* ,lu!r correct$7 ^u a sugge/ion ( ! pr9t] ,rhau1 or ,bug5hag51 or ,lu!r himself4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #dic47 ,two ,lat9 z well z a ,l[ ,g]man translation 7by ,bug5hag57 also appe>$ 9 #aebi4 ,! ,l[ ,g]man edition1 pr9t$ by ,rhau1 seems to h pav$ ! way 9 us+ ! a=em5tion$ pictures4 ,( ! ,lat9 translations1 "o 0 prep>$ by ,lonic] & pr9t$ at ,m>burg1 :ile ! o!r1 by ,vic5tius ,obsopoeus1 rector ( ! s*ool at ,ansba*1 0 pr9t$ at ,hag5au4 ,aft] mak+ "s *anges1 :i* 7 n always improvem5ts1 ,selnecc] embodi$ ! latt] 9 ! ,lat9 ,concordia1 add+ ! long] ,preface f ! ,frankfurt edition ( #aedd4 ,9 ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism ?is new ,preface is f\nd = ! fir/ "t 9 ,rhau's qu>to edition ( #aecj4 ,lit]al allusions to ,lu!r's lett] ( ,june #cj1 #aecj1 to ,j4 ,jonas h giv5 rise to ! assumption t x 0 writt5 at ,ca/le ,coburg4 7,end]s1 #h1 #dg4 #cg47 ,9 ! ,j5a edition ( ,lu!r's ,works1 ! ,dresd5 edition ( ! ,book ( ,concord ( #aehj1 ! ,magdeburg edition ( #aehj1 ! ,heidelb]g folio edition ( #aehb1 & ! ,lat9 edition ( #aehj1 ?is long] ,preface foll[s ! %ort]4 ,h[ev]1 s9ce ! %ort] ,preface =ms "p ( ! ,cate*ism itself1 ! long] ,preface ought to prec$e x1 z is ! case 9 ! (ficial ,lat9 ,concordia ( #aehd4 ,9 ! ,l[ ,g]man edition ( #aeca ,bug5hag5 def5ds ! expressions1 criticiz$ by "s3 ,i believe an ,gott1 an ,*ri/um 9 ! ,l[ ,g]man edition ( #aebi1 in/ead ( 9 ,gott1 9 ,*ri/um4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #dic47 ,9 ,rhau's edition ( #aecb & #aece ! morn+ & ev5+ pray]s are add$1 probably only z fill]s4 ,! *anges 9 ,rhau's edition ( #aech1 /yl+ itself1 newly correct$ & improv$1 consi/ 9 l+ui/ic improvem5ts & "s additions & omissions4 ,albre*t believes t mo/1 b n all1 ( ^! *anges 7 made by ,lu!r himself1 & t ! omissions are mo/ly due to inadv]t5ce4 #aji4 ,title ( ,small ,cate*ism4 ,lu!r seems to h publi%$ ! *>t cate*ism ( ,janu>y1 #aebi1 )\t any special title1 ?\gh ,ro]]1 f ! v fir/1 calls x a cate*ism4 ,9 ! fir/ ,witt5b]g book edition1 h[ev]1 "o f9ds ins]t$1 betwe5 ! ,preface & ! ,decalog1 ! sup]scription3 ,e9 kle9] ,kate*ismus od] *ri/li*e ,zu*t4 ,a ,small ,cate*ism or ,*ri/ian ,discipl9e4 ,?is may h be5 ! title ( ! *>ts1 s9ce x w\ld h>dly h be5 introduc$ = ! book edition1 :]e x 0 entirely sup]flu\s1 ! title-page designat+ x z ,! ,small ,cate*ism = ! ,ord9>y ,pa/ors & ,prea*]s4 ,likewise x _c be prov$ t ! op5+ ^w on ! title-page ( ?is fir/ book edition 0 ,en*iridion1 s9ce ?is edition has disappe>$ )\t a trace1 & ! only rema9+ direct repr9t does n conta9 ! ^w ,en*iridion4 ,all subsequ5t editions h[ev]1 h x4 ,! ^w ,en*iridion is already f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ,augu/9e1 & lat] became common4 ,9 8 ,gloss>y1 ,du ,cange rem>ks3 ,?is "n ,en*iridion ,/4 ,augu/9e gave to a mo/ excell5t little "w on fai?1 hope1 & *>ity1 :i* c\ld easily be c>ri$ 9 ! h&1 or1 r1 ought cont9ually to be s c>ri$1 s9ce x conta9$ ! ?+s mo/ necess>y = salvation4 7#c1 #bfe47 ,! ,erfurt ,hymn-,booklet ( #aebd 0 call$ ,en*iridion or ,h&booklet1 v pr(itable = e ,*ri/ian to h ) him = con/ant use & m$itation4 ,9 #aeca ,lu!r prais$ ! ,psalt]1 say+3 ,x may be call$ a little ,bible1 :]e9 all t is f\nd 9 ! entire ,bible is mo/ beautifully & briefly summ$ up & has be5 made & prep>$ to be a spl5did ,en*iridion1 or ,h&book4 7,e4 #fc1 #bh47 ,! ,in/ruction = ,visitors calls ! prim] ! h&booklet ( ! *ildr51 conta9+ ! alphabet1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ! ,cre$1 & o!r pray]s4 ,9 #aebc ,melan*?on _h publi%$ su* a book1 entitl$ ,en*iridion4 ,?us ,en*iridion d5otes a book ( pi?y brevity1 an elem5t>y book4 ,! v>i\s ,*ur* ,ord]s employ ! ^w 9 a simil> s5se4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #edj47 #aaj4 ,editions ( ,small ,cate*ism4 ,at ,witt5b]g1 ,george ,rhau pr9t$ ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism & ,mi*el ,s*irl5tz ! ,small ,cate*ism 7! *>t impressions ( :i* mu/ be consid]$ ! fir/ edition74 ,9 ! ,preface to ! ,small ,cate*ism1 ,lu!r speaks ( ^! tables & ! =m ( ^! tables1 ?us ref]r+ to ! *ief p>ts1 :i* 7 already pr9t$ on plac>ds4 ,h[ev]1 s9ce table also d5otes a li/1 ! t]m c\ld be appli$ also to ! *ief p>ts 9 book =m4 ,x 0 no?+ new to employ tables 7,z$deln1 i4e41 plac>ds pr9t$ on "o side7 9 ord] to spread ! p>ts ( ! ,cate*ism 9 *ur*es1 homes1 & s*ools4 ,9 #aeah ,lu!r publi%$ 8 ,t5 ,comm&m5ts ) a brief exposition ( _! fulfilm5t & transgression1 on plac>ds4 ,( ! *>ts ( ! ,small ,cate*ism only a ,l[ ,g]man copy has z yet be5 discov]$4 ,x conta9s ,lu!r's ,morn+ & ,ev5+ ,pray]s1 a r$uc$ reproduction ( :i* is f\nd 9 ! ,weim> ,edition ( ,lu!r's ,works4 7#cj1 #a1 #bda47 ,! book editions soon took _! place beside ! *>ts4 ,x seems 7b "h ! traces are r indef9able7 t ! fir/ ?ree tables 7 summ$ up into a booklet z e>ly z ,janu>y or ,febru>y1 #aebi4 ,at ,hamburg1 ,bug5hag5 publi%$ ! *>ts1 :i* he _h receiv$ till !n1 z a booklet1 9 ,l[ ,g]man4 ,x conta9$ ! five *ief p>ts & ! ,b5$icite & ,gratias4 ,%ortly aft] ! fir/ ,witt5b]g book edition _h rea*$ him ,bug5hag5 translat$ ! ,preface & _h x pr9t$ z a supplem5t4 ,%ortly aft] ! completion ( ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism ,lu!r made arrangem5ts to h ! ,small ,cate*ism appe> 9 book =m4 ,may #af ,ro]] s5t two copies ( ! ,cate*ismus ,m9or4 ,b1 z /at$ above1 all copies ( ?is edition 7 completely us$ up4 ,! edition has be5 pres]v$ 9 ?ree repr9ts only1 two ( :i* appe>$ at ,erfurt & "o at ,m>burg4 ,?4 ,h>nack publi%$ ! "o ,erfurt & ! ,m>burg repr9t1 & ,h4 ,h>tung ! o!r ,erfurt repr9t 9 sep>ate facsimile editions4 ,evid5tly ^! repr9ts appe>$ be=e ! second ,witt5b]g edition ( ,june1 #aebi1 0 kn[n at ,erfurt & ,m>burg4 ,9 e/imat+ _! value1 h[ev]1 mod]n s*ol>s are n agre$ z to :e!r !y repres5t ?ree direct or "o direct & two indirect repr9ts4 ,albre*t is ( ! op9ion t only "o ( ! ?ree may be look$ ^u z a direct repr9t4 ,judg+ f ^! repr9ts1 ! orig9al edition 0 entitl$3 ,d] kle9e ,kate*ismus fu] die geme95 ,pf>rh]rn und ,pr$ig]4 ,! ,small ,cate*ism = ,ord9>y ,pa/ors & ,prea*]s4 ,aside f ! five *ief p>ts1 x conta9$ ! ,preface1 ! ,morn+ & ,ev5+ ,pray]s1 ! ,table ( ,duties1 & ! ,m>riage ,booklet4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ^! repr9ts omit n only ! ^w ,en*iridion1 b also ! "q1 ,h[ c bodily eat+ & dr9k+ d su* great ?+s8 toge!r ) its answ]4 ,n[1 9 case all ?ree %\ld be direct repr9ts1 ! omitt$ "q & answ] evid5tly 7 n conta9$ 9 ! fir/ ,witt5b]g edition ei!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if only "o ( !m is a direct repr9t1 ! mi/ake mu/ be *>g$ to ! orig9al ,witt5b]g impression or to ! repr9t4 ,t ! omission is an error1 probably due to ! pr9t]1 appe>s f ! fact t ! omitt$ "q & answ] 7 already f\nd on ! *>ts2 = ! ,hamburg book edition ( ! *>ts 9 ,l[ ,g]man has !m1 z also ,/ifel's writt5 copies ( ! *>ts4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #egc47 ,( ! ,witt5b]g editions :i* foll[$ ! editio pr9ceps1 ^? ( #aebi1 #aeca1 & #aedb des]ve special m5tion4 ,! fir/ appe>$ "u ! title3 ,en*iridion4 ,! ,small ,cate*ism = ! ,ord9>y ,pa/ors & ,prea*]s1 enl>g$ & improv$4 ,on ! #ac? ( ,june ?is edition 0 complet$1 = ,ro]] reports on ?is date3 ,p>vus ,cate*ismus sub iucudem iam t]tio revocatus e/ et 9 i/a po/rema editione adauctus4 7,kolde l4c41 #fj47 ,ro]] designates ?is edition z ! ?ird1 probably because two impr9ts _h be5 made ( ! editio pr9ceps4 ,accord+ to a defective copy1 ! only "o pres]v$1 ?is edition adds to ! cont5ts ( ! editio pr9ceps ! ^w ,en*iridion 9 ! title1 ! ,booklet ( ,baptism1 ,a ,brief ,=m ( ,confess+ to ! ,prie/1 = ! ,simple1 & ! ,litany4 ,! fif? *ief "p has ! "q3 ,h[ c bodily eat+ & dr9k+ d su* great ?+s8 ,9 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 h[ev]1 ! explanation ( ! introduction is /ill lack+4 ,?is em5d$ edition ( #aebi fur!rmore _h ! pictures1 = ! fir/ "t z x seems4 ,! booklets on ,m>riage & ,baptism 7 reta9$1 z additions1 9 all editions ( ! ,small ,cate*ism publi%$ dur+ ! life ( ,lu!r1 & 9 _m lat] editions z well4 ,z yet1 h[ev]1 x has n be5 prov$ directly t su* 0 int5d$ & arrang$ = by ,lu!r himself4 ,also 9 ! succe$+ editions ,lu!r made v>i\s mat]ial & l+ui/ic *anges4 ,9 ! edition ( #aeca he omitt$ ! ,litany1 & = ! ,%ort ,=m ( ,confession he sub/itut$ an in/ruction 9 confession1 :i* he ins]t$ betwe5 ! f\r? & fif? *ief p>ts1 "u ! caption1 ,h[ ! ,unle>n$ ,%all be ,taught to ,confess4 ,! ,"l's ,pray] 0 complem5t$ by ! addition ( ! ,introduction & its explanation1 & ! numb] ( cuts 0 increas$ to #bc4 ,?is edition ( #aeca1 ( :i* b "o copy 7f\nd 9 ! ,bodleiana ( ,ox=d7 is 9 exi/5ce1 %[s ess5tially ! =m 9 :i* ! ,en*iridion 0 h5ce=? regul>ly pr9t$ dur+ & aft] ,lu!r's life4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #fjh47 ,! editions ( #aecg reveal sev]al *anges 9 language1 especially 9 ! ,bible-v]ses1 :i* are made to con=m to ,lu!r's translation4 ,9 ! edition ( #aedb ! promise ( ! ,f\r? ,comm&m5t appe>s = ! fir/ "t1 & ! ,table ( ,duties is exp&$4 ,! ,bible-v]ses ref]r+ to ! relation ( congregations to _! pa/ors 7 add$1 & ! v]ses sett+ =? ! relation ( subjects to _! gov]nm5t 7 consid]ably augm5t$4 ,h5ce ! title3 ,newly revis$ & prep>$1 aufs neue ueb]seh5 und zug]i*tet4 ,probably ! la/ edition to appe> dur+ ,lu!r's life 0 ! "o ( #aedc1 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 ess5tially a repr9t ( ! edition ( #aedb4 ,knaake decl>$ t all ! editions :i* we possess mu/ be attribut$ to ! ent]prise ( ! book deal]s1 & t "o _c speak ( a direct influ5ce ( ,lu!r on any ( ^! editions4 ,9 opposition to ?is extreme skepticism1 ,albre*t po9ts out t1 = in/ance1 ! ins]tion ( ! explanation ( ! ,introduction to ! ,"l's ,pray] & ! new =m ( confession1 z well z its ins]tion betwe5 ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp]1 c\ld n h tak5 place )\t ! direct coop]ation ( ,lu!r4 #aaa4 ,translations & ,elaborations ( ,small ,cate*ism4 ,two ( ! ,lat9 translations ( ! ,small ,cate*ism date back to #aebi4 ,! fir/ 0 ins]t$ 9 ! ,en*iridion ,pi>um ,precationum1 ! ,lat9 translation ( ,lu!r's ,pray]-,booklet1 :i* appe>$ t[>d ! end ( ,augu/1 #aebi4 ,ro]] met ) great difficulties 9 edit+ ! book4 ,augu/1 #aebi1 he wrote3 ,y may n believe me if ,i tell y h[ mu* tr\ble ,i am hav+ ) ! ,lat9 ,pray]-,booklet :i* is n[ be+ pr9t$4 ,somebody else1 x is true1 translat$ x f ,g]man into ,lat91 b ,i sp5t mu* m labor 9 ?is "w ?an he did4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #ehh47 ,we d n "k :o ! translator 0 to :om ,ro]] ref]s4 ,x c]ta9ly 0 n ,lonic]1 ! v]satile ,humani/ ( ,m>burg :o at t "t _h complet$ ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism ) a ,preface dat$ ,may #ae1 #aebi4 ,kaw]au surmises t x 0 probably ,g4 ,major4 ,evid5tly ,lu!r himself _h no?+ to d ) ?is translation4 ,?is ,cate*ism is entitl$3 ,simplicissima et ,brevissima ,cate*ismi ,expositio4 ,almo/ ?r\gh\t ! "q =m 0 ab&on$4 ,9 #aecb a revis$ =m ( ?is translation appe>$1 entitl$3 ,nova ,cate*ismi ,brevioris ,translatio4 ,f ^! facts ! !ory 7advocat$ also by v4 ,zezs*witz & ,knaake7 has be5 spun t ! ,small ,cate*ism sprang f a /ill %ort] "o1 :i* 0 n ?r\gh\t ca/ 9 que/ions & answ]s1 & (f]$ texts z well z explanations 9 a brief] =m4 ,?is w\ld necessitate ! fur!r inf]5ce t ! ,preface to ! ,small ,cate*ism 0 orig9ally writt5 9 ,lat94 ,all ( ^! suppositions1 h[ev]1 f\nd] on ! fact t ! *>ts z we h !m 9 ! h&writ+ ( ,/ifel are 9 ! =m ( que/ions & answ]s4 ,! ,pray]-,booklet disc>d$ ! =m ( que/ions & answ]s1 because its object 0 m]ely to reproduce ! cont5ts ( ,lu!r's ,cate*ism = su* z 7 unacqua9t$ ) ,g]man4 ,! second ,lat9 translation ( #aebi 0 furni%$ by ,john ,sau]mann1 n 7z v4 ,zezs*witz & ,cohrs1 #aija1 9 ,h]zog's ,r4 ,e41 #aj1 #ace1 assume7 ! ,canon ( ,breslau1 :o di$ #aeaj1 b probably ,johannes ,sau]mann ( ,bamb]g51 :o matriculat$ at ,witt5b]g 9 ! w9t] seme/] ( #aeah4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #fja47 ,sau]mann's translation 0 int5d$ z a s*ool edition ( ! ,small ,cate*ism4 ,fir/ came ! alphabet1 !n foll[$ ! texts3 ,decalog1 ,cre$1 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ,baptism1 ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,lu!r's ,preface1 ! ,litany1 & ! ,booklets ( ,m>riage & ,baptism 7 omitt$ z n adapt$ = s*ool use4 ,! *apt] on ,confession1 f ! second ,witt5b]g book edition 0 ins]t$ betwe5 ! f\r? & fif? *ief p>ts4 ,! note to ! ,b5$icite 0 put into ! text ) ! sup]scription ,s*olion 7in/ead ( ! incorrect ,s*olia ( ! ,g]man edition1 f\nd also 9 ! ,book ( ,concord74 ,pa$agogus 0 sub/itut$ = head ( ! family 7,hausvat]74 ,! ^w ,hau/afel rema9$ untranslat$4 ,! words ( ! ,?ird ,petition1 s uns d5 ,nam5 ,gottes ni*t heilig5 und se9 ,rei* ni*t komm5 lass5 woll51 are r5d]$3 quae nobis nom5 ,dei non sanctific5t regnumque eius ad nos p]v5ire non s9ant4 ,9 ! ,preface1 dat$ ,septemb] #ai1 #aebi1 ,johannes ,sauromannus writes3 ,e "o is ( ! op9ion t x is cle>ly ! be/ ?+ f e>ly y\? c>efully & dilig5tly to in/ruct ! boys 9 ! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ian piety4 ,& s9ce ,i believe t ( all ! elem5t>y books ( ! !ologians ( ?is age none are bett] adapt$ = ?is purpose ?an ^? ( ,dr4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 ,i h r5d]$ into ,lat9 ! booklet ( ?is man :i* is call$ ! ,small ,cate*ism1 hop+ t x might be giv5 to ! boys to be le>n$ z soon z !y ent] ! ,lat9 s*ool4 ,at ! same "t ,sau]mann decl>es t 8 translation 0 publi%$ by ! advice & ord] 7consilio ac iussu7 ( ! au?or ,lu!r himself4 7#cj1 #a1 #fgc47 ,"o _c d\bt1 !re=e1 t ,sau]mann's translation receiv$ ,lu!r's approval4 ,& be+ 9 entire con=mity ) ! ,in/ruction = ,visitors1 ( #aebh1 = ! ,lat9 city s*ools1 ! book 0 soon 9 g5]al use4 ,9 #aeef ,mi*ael ,ne&] speaks ( x z ! common ,lat9 v]sion1 hi!rto us$ 9 all s*ools4 7#fjc47 ,! ,lat9 ,concordia ( #aehd conta9s ,sau]mann's v]sion1 ess5tially1 ?\gh n lit]ally4 ,! ,preface1 :i* ,sau]mann _h n translat$1 is tak5 ov] f ! ,pray]-,booklet4 ,! "p ,on ,confession 0 newly translat$ f ! ,g]man edition ( ! ,cate*ism ( #aeca4 ,! textual *anges :i* 7 made 9 ,sau]mann's translation = ! ,concordia ( #aehd %[ t he 0 c>eful & usually felicit\s1 & are p>tly to be expla9$ z comb9ations ( ! fir/ & second ,lat9 translations4 7#fjd47 ,:51 9 #aeci1 ,ju/us ,jonas translat$ ! ,nu]nb]g ,s]mons = ,*ildr51 he made a ?ird ,lat9 translation ( ! ,small ,cate*ism4 ,he calls x ?is my ,lat9 translation1 n c>efully f9i%$ inde$1 b nev]!less r5d]$ 9 good fai?4 7#fbg47 ,?is ,lat9 text obta9$ special importance s9ce x 0 imm$iately done into ,engli%1 ,poli%1 & ,icel&ic4 ,9 #aefj ,job ,magdeburg furni%$ a f\r? ,lat9 v]sion4 ,conc]n+ ! translations into ,greek1 ,hebrew1 & o!r languages see ,weim> ,edition ( ,lu!r's ,complete ,works 7#aj1 #a1 #gah;f47 ,among ! e>lie/ elaborations ( ! ,small ,cate*ism 0 ! ,cate*ism ( ,ju/us ,m5ius1 #aecb1 & ! ,nu]nb]g ,*ildr5's ,s]mons ( #aecc4 ,bo? exploit ,lu!r's explanations )\t m5tion+ 8 "n4 ,at ! same "t "s *ang+1 abbreviat+1 poli%+1 etc41 0 done1 z ,lu!r's text 0 consid]$ difficult to memorize4 ,albre*t says ( ,m5ius's em5dations3 ,"s ( 8 =mal *anges are n bad2 mo/ ( !m1 h[ev] are unnecess>y4 ,! entire book f9ally s]ves ! purpose ( br++ to light ! surpass+ m]it ( ! real ,lu!r-,cate*ism4 7#fag47 ,! same v]dict w probably be pass$ on all ! sub/itute cate*isms :i* h hi!rto appe>$4 ,john ,spang5b]g's ,small ,cate*ism ( #aeda1 :i* 0 widely us$1 is1 z he himself says1 compos$ f ! ,cate*ism ( our belov$ fa!r1 ,dr4 ,m>t91 & ^? ( o!rs4 ,x conta9s ,lu!r's ,cate*ism ma9ly z *ang$ by ,m5ius4 ,! ,nu]nb]g ,*ildr5's ,s]mons1 :i* embodi$ also ! pictures ( ,lu!r's ,cate*ism & receiv$ a wide circulation1 7 writt5 by ,osi&] & ,sleupn] 9 #aecb1 & pr9t$ at ,nu]nb]g1 #aecc4 ,!y conta9 almo/ complete ! five *ief p>ts ( ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism z conclud+ s5t5ces ( ! individual s]mons1 b 9 orig9al m9t+1 ) abbreviations1 additions1 & o!r *anges1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are n ne>ly z m>k$ z ^? ( ,m5ius4 ,^! *anges 7 also made to facilitate memoriz+4 ,betwe5 ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp] 0 f\nd ! doctr9al "p on ! ,(fice ( ! ,keys1 :i* 9 ?is or a simil> =m 01 aft] ,lu!r's dea?1 app5d$ to or ins]t$ 91 ! ,small ,cate*ism z ! six? or fif? *ief "p1 respectively4 #aab4 ,! ,"p ,( ,confession4 ,! ,small ,cate*ism did n spr+ f ,lu!r's m9d f9i%$ & complete at "o sitt+4 ,orig9ally he consid]$ ! fir/ ?ree *ief p>ts z con/itut+ ! ,cate*ism4 ,be=e long1 h[ev]1 he add$ ! p>ts ( ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,^! five p>ts are = ! fir/ "t m5tion$ 9 ! ,g]man ,ord] ( ,wor%ip1 & pr9t$ toge!r 9 ! ,booklet = ,laym5 & ,*ildr54 ,! ,introduction to ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism also (f]s no m4 ,! *>t & book editions add$ z real p>ts ( ! ,cate*ism 7! ,booklets ( ,m>riage & ( ,baptism _c be view$ z su*7 ! ,b5$icite & ,gratias1 ! ,morn+ & ,ev5+ ,pray]s1 ! ,table ( ,duties1 & ,confession4 ,x is ! la/ ( ^! p>ts :i* play$ a peculi> role 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,small ,cate*ism4 ,albre*t writes3 ,9 ! textual hi/ory ( ! ,small ,cate*ism1 ,confession 7besides ! ,table ( ,duties7 is ! mo/ re/less & movable "p4 ,9 ! ,l[ ,g]man editions s9ce #aeca & #aecd x is f\nd aft] ! ,"l's ,supp] z a sort ( six? *ief "p4 ,9 individual in/ances x is entirely omitt$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 elaborations ( ! ,cate*ism1 notably 9 ! ,nu]nb]g ,cate*ism-s]mons1 x is supplant$ by ! ,(fice ( ! ,keys1 & 9 lat] pr9ts also comb9$ ) x or o!rwise reca/4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #fjg47 ,z = ,lu!r1 evid5tly1 z soon z he began to "w on ! ,cate*ism1 he plann$ to include also a "p on ,confession4 ,among ! *>ts !re 7 already ^? :i* dealt ) ,confession4 ,9 fact1 ,lu!r mu/ h "h treat$ ?is "p at comp>ative l5g?4 ,= ,ro]] reports t ! price ( ! ,confession *>ts 0 ?ree pf5nige1 :]eas ! price ( ! ,sacram5t *>ts 0 two pf5nige4 ,yet no?+ ( ,confession 0 embodi$ 9 ! fir/ book edition ( ! ,small ,cate*ism4 ,! fir/ edition also ( ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism _h no "p treat+ ( ,confession4 ,b ! second ,witt5b]g edition1 ( #aebi appe>$ augm5t$ ) a new in/ruction & admonition conc]n+ ,confession4 ,likewise ! augm5t$ & improv$ ,small ,cate*ism ( #aebi1 sup]scrib$1 ,en*iridion1 conta9$ a ,%ort ,=m h[ ! ,unle>n$ %all ,confess to ! ,prie/4 ,e9e kurze ,weise zu bei*t5 fu] die ,e9faeltig51 dem ,prie/]4 ,?is ,=m 0 n to s]ve ! pa/or 9 admoni%+1 etc41 b ,*ri/ians :5 go+ to confession4 ,possibly x 0 "o ( ! *>ts :i* ,ro]]1 ,m>* #af1 m5tion$ z novelties4 ,! addition ( ?is "p 01 no d\bt1 caus$ by ,lu!r himself4 ,?is is support$ by ! fact t ,sau]mann's translation1 :i* appe>$ by ,lu!r's advice & ord]1 also conta9$ x4 ,& :ile 9 ! ,g]man book edition x 0 f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix1 foll[+ ! ,booklet on ,baptism1 ,sau]mann ins]t$ x betwe5 ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp] ) ! sup]scription3 ,h[ s*oolma/]s ought 9 simple/ mann] to tea* _! boys a brief =m ( confession4 ,quo pacto pa$agogi suos pu]os brevem confit5di rationem simplicissime doc]e debeant4 ,evid5tly ?is1 too1 0 done ) ,lu!r's approval 7auctoris consilio et iussu74 ,?us ,lu!r at t "t already1 says ,albre*t1 select$ ?is place = ,confession & reta9$ x lat] on1 :5 #aeca he furni%$ ano!r =m ( confession = ! ,cate*ism :i* to him seem$ m appropriate4 ,! gradual ins]tion ( a new *ief "p 7( ,confession & ,absolution7 betwe5 ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp] 0 !re=e entirely accord+ to ,lu!r's m9d2 inde$1 x _h virtually be5 c>ri$ out by him z e>ly z #aebi4 ,! orig9al "p ,( ,confession1 h[ev]1 0 no cate*etical & doctr9al "p 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 b purely a liturgical =mula ( ,confession1 ev5 ! ,absolution be+ omitt$4 ,x m]ely conta9$ two confessions simil> to ! =ms f\nd 9 ! ,book ( ,concord1 page #eeb1 sections #ba to #bc4 ,h5ce ,lu!r1 9 ! edition ( #aeca1 replac$ x ) a cate*etico-liturgical =m entitl$1 ,h[ ! ,unle>n$ ,%\ld be ,taught to ,confess4 ,x is id5tical ) ! "o f\nd 9 ! ,book ( ,concord ( #aehj1 save only t ! orig9al conta9$ ! words1 ,:at is ,confession8 ,answ]1 :i* are omitt$ 9 ! ,g]man ,concordia4 ,lu!r plac$ ! "p ,( ,confession betwe5 ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp]1 !reby actually mak+ ?is ! fif? & ! ,"l's ,supp] ! six? *ief "p4 ,& :5 lat] on 7= 9 ,lu!r's editions ! *ief p>ts are n numb]$7 ! figures 7 add$1 ,confession c\ld b receive ! numb] #e1 & ! ,"l's ,supp]1 #f4 ,?us1 !n1 ! sequ5ce ( ! six p>ts1 z f\nd 9 ! ,book ( ,concord1 01 9 a way1 *os5 by ,lu!r himself4 #aac4 ,(fice ( ! ,keys & ,*ri/ian ,que/ions4 ,! ?ree que/ions on ! ,(fice ( ! ,keys 9 ! fif? *ief "p =m ! mo/ important & indep5d5t addition to ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism4 ,h[ev]1 !y are n only 9 complete agreem5t ) ,lu!r's doctr9e ( ,absolution1 b1 9 sub/ance1 also conta9$ 9 :at he himself (f]$ 9 ! "p ,( ,confession4 ,= :at ,lu!r says 9 p>agraphs #bf to #bh 9 a liturgical =m is express$ & expla9$ 9 ! ?ree que/ions on ! ,(fice ( ! ,keys 9 a doctr9al & cate*etical =m4 ,n be+ =mulat$ by ,lu!r1 h[ev]1 !y 7 n receiv$ into ! ,book ( ,concord4 ,9 ! ,nu]nb]g ,text-,booklet ( #aeca !y are plac$ be=e ,baptism4 ,!nce !y 7 tak5 ov] into ! ,nu]nb]g ,*ildr5's ,s]mons ( #aecc z a sub/itute = ,lu!r's =m ( ,confession4 ,&rew ,osi&]1 9 ! draft ( 8 ,*ur* ,ord] ( #aeca1 9 ! article on ,cate*ism & ! ,in/ruction ( ,*ildr51 add$ z six? to ! five *ief p>ts3 ,( ! ,keys ( ! ,*ur*1 or ! ,p[] to ,b9d & to ,unb9d f ,s9s1 quot+ z ,bible-v]se ! passage3 ,! ,"l ,jesus brea!d on ,8 disciples1 etc4 ,br5z1 ?\gh n1 z frequ5tly assum$1 ! au?or ( ! ,nu]nb]g ,cate*ism1 also contribut$ t[>d introduc+ & popul>iz+ ?is "p ( ! ,cate*ism4 ,9 8 ,que/ions ( #aece & #aecf1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,app5dix to ! ,lat9 translation ( ,lu!r's ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 he (f]$ an orig9al treatm5t to ! ,keys ( ,heav51 z ! six? *ief "p1 on ! basis ( ,matt4 #af1 #ai2 ,luke #ai1 #af2 ,john #bj1 #bb;f4 ,?irty-six ye>s aft] ! fir/ publication ( ,lu!r's ,cate*isms1 ,ma!sius1 9 8 ,s]mons on ! ,life ( ,lu!r1 also speaks ( six *ief p>ts ( cate*etical in/ruction2 b he enum]ates ,absolution z ! "p betwe5 ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp]1 h5ce z ! fif? *ief "p ( ! ,cate*ism4 ,z to ! ,*ri/ian ,que/ions = ,^? ,:o ,int5d to ,g to ! ,sacram5t1 x 0 claim$ v e>ly t ,lu!r 0 ! au?or4 ,!y 7 fir/ publi%$ 9 #aedi1 & a numb] ( sep>ate impressions foll[$4 ,aft] #aeeh !y are usually f\nd 9 ! app5dix to ! ,small ,cate*ism4 ,! ,note1 ,^! que/ions & answ]s1 etc41 designat+ ,lu!r z ! au?or1 fir/ appe>$ 9 an edition ( #aeea4 ,toge!r ) ?is note1 ! ,que/ions are f\nd 9 an undat$ ,witt5b]g edition ( ! ,small ,cate*ism1 :i* appe>$ ab\t #aefj1 conta9+ pictures dat$ #aeea4 ,ref]r+ to ?is edition1 ! ,witt5b]g pro(-read]1 ,*ri/oph] ,wal!r1 9 a polemical writ+ 7#aeff7 aga9/ ,aurifab]1 ass]t$ t ! ,que/ions 7 n writt5 by ,lu!r1 b by ,john ,lang ( ,erfurt 7 #aedh74 ,! "q at issue has n yet be5 decid$4 ,= :ile ! cont5ts ( ! ,que/ions reproduce1 f beg9n+ to end1 ,lu!r's ?\ghts1 & ! la/ answ]s are almo/ lit]ally tak5 f ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 we h no evid5ce t ,lu!r compil$ !m2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 also no conv9c+ pro( aga9/ ?is4 ,claus ,h>ms & ,koelln] ass]t$ t ,lu!r is ! au?or ( ! ,que/ions1 :ile ,kliefo? & ,loehe decl>$ x z probable4--,! ,introduction to ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ,i ! ,"l1 ?y ,god1 & ! ,doxology1 at ! close ( ! ,"l's ,pray]1 7 add$ aft] ,lu!r's dea?4 #aad4 ,! ,table ( ,duties--,hau/afel4 ,! eigh? & la/ *>t ( ! ,cate*ism diff]$ f ! prec$+ ones 9 t x 0 sup]scrib$3 ,table ( ,duties 7,hau/afel71 ,consi/+ ( ,c]ta9 ,passages ( ,scripture = ,v>i\s ,holy ,ord]s & ,/ations4 ,:]eby ,^! are to be ,admoni%$1 z by a ,special ,lesson1 ,reg>d+ ,_! ,(fice & ,s]vice4 ,! exact "t :5 ,lu!r drew up ?is ,table is n kn[n4 ,! late/ date to :i* its composition c be assign$ is ! end ( ,april or ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 #aebi4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be que/ion$ :e!r x 0 publi%$ at all z a plac>d4 ,! two gr\ps ( passages3 ,:at ! ,he>]s ,owe to ,_! ,pa/ors1 &3 ,:at ,subjects ,owe to ,_! ,gov]nm5t1 are probably n f ,lu!r4 ,foll[+ are ! gr\nds support+ ?is view3 #a4 ,!y are n conta9$ 9 ! ,g]man editions b appe>$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ,lat9 translation4 #b4 ,_! sup]scriptions diff] 9 =m f ^? ( ! o!r gr\ps4 #c4 ,!y adduce q a numb] ( ,bible-v]ses1 & repeat "s already quot$1 e4g41 #a ,tim4 #b1 #a1 ,rom4 #ac1 #a4 ,! ,g]man ,book ( ,concord omitt$ ^! passages1 :ile ! ,lat9 ,concordia ( #aehj & #aehd embodi$ !m4 ,albre*t writes3 ,! ,table ( ,duties is an orig9al "p ( ! ,cate*ism1 be>+ a true ,lu!ran /amp4 ,b x 0 old mat]ial work$ ov]1 z is ! case almo/ ?r\gh\t ! ,small ,cate*ism4 ,! (t-repeat$ ass]tion1 h[ev]1 t ! ,table ( ,duties 0 borr[$ f ! cate*ism ( ! ,wald5sians or ,bohemian ,bre?r51 is n correct4 ,= ?is ,table is n f\nd 9 ! ,cate*ism ( ! ,bre?r5 ( #aebb1 ) :i* ,lu!r 0 acqua9t$1 b fir/ 9 ,gyrick's ,cate*ism ( #aeed1 9 :i* ,lu!ran mat]ial is embodi$ also 9 o!r places4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #fde47 ,! confession books ( ! ,middle ,ages1 h[ev]1 :i* classifi$ s9s accord+ to ! social e/ates1 & especially ,john ,g]son's tract 7,de ,modo ,viv5di ,omnium ,fidelium repr9t$ at ,witt5b]g #aeac71 :i* treat$ ( ! (fices ( all sorts ( lay-p 9 e /ation ( life1 may h prompt$ ,lu!r to draw up ?is ,table4 ,b1 says ,albre*t1 x c]ta9ly grew "u 8 h& into some?+ new & *>act]i/ic4 ,! old mat]ial is ?or\ghly %ort5$1 sift$1 supplem5t$1 newly arrang$1 reca/4 ,:ile ,g]son's tract ?r\gh\t be>s ! /amp ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ,lu!r's ,table ( ,duties1 ) its appeal to ! ,scriptures alone1 its k ( :at is a 'holy e/ate1' its tea*+ t1 z div9e ord9ances1 civil gov]nm5t & ! h\sehold 7:5 embrac$ by ! common ord] ( ,*ri/ian love7 are equally z holy z ! prie/hood1 reveals ! *>act]i/ic m>ks ( ! ,re=m]'s new ideal ( life1 :i*1 root+ 9 8 fai?1 & oppos$ to ! hi]>*y & monk]y ( ! ,middle ,ages1 z well z to ! fanaticism ( ! ,anabapti/s1 became ( f>-rea*+ importance = ! entire moral ?\ght ( ! succe$+ c5turies4 7#fdg47 ,grimm's ,lexicon def9es ,hau/afel z d] ,abs*nitt des ,kate*ismus1 d] ueb] die ,pfli*t5 des ,haus/&es h&elt1 t section ( ! ,cate*ism :i* treats ( ! duties ( ! h\sehold4 ,?is v]bal def9ition1 sugge/$ by ! t]m1 is too n>r[1 s9ce ,lu!r's ,hau/afel is design$ = v>i\s holy ord]s & e/ates1 magi/rates & pa/ors includ$4 ,/ill1 ! t]m is n on ?is acc\nt inappropriate4 ,table 7,tafel1 tabula7 signifies 9 g5]al a ro/]1 a li/1 or index ( lead+ po9ts1 ) or )\t ref]5ce to ! *>t =m4 ,& su* a table susp5d$ 9 ! home & employ$ 9 ! in/ruction ( ! home congregation1 is prop]ly t]m$ ,hau/afel4 ,agreeably to ?is1 ,&reas ,fabricius1 9 #aefi1 call$ ! ,hau/afel a dome/ic table ( works1 tabula op]um dome/ica4 ,daniel ,kauzmann1 9 8 ,h&book 7#af s]mons on ! ,cate*ism7 ( #aefi1 says3 ,x is call$ ',hau/afel' ( ! ,*ri/ians because e ,*ri/ian %\ld daily view x & call to m9d !refrom 8 call+1 z f a table :i* portrays & pres5ts to e "o :at p]ta9s to him4 ,x tea*es all ! p :o may be 9 a h\se :at ea* "o ought to d or to leave undone 9 8 call+4 7#fdb47 ,9 8 ,cate*ismus ,lu!ri ( #afjj ,polyc>p ,leys] (f]s ! foll[+ explanation3 ,:y are ^! passages call$ a table8 ,beyond d\bt ?is is due to ! fact t1 f ( old1 good ord9ances h be5 writt5 & grav5 on tables4 ,s did ,god1 :o prescrib$ ,8 ,law to ! ,jews 9 t5 comm&m5ts on two tables4 ,simil>ly ,solon wrote ! laws ( ,a!ns on tables4 ,! ,romans also _h _! law ( twelve tables br\ght f ,a!ns4 ,& s1 :5 ! gov]nm5t to-day issues c]ta9 comm&s1 x is cu/om>y to susp5d !m on tables1 z also pr9ces & lords susp5d on tables _! c\rt rules4 ,b :y is x call$ ',hau/afel' :5 x also treats ( prea*]s & ! gov]nm5t8 ,! reason = ?is is giv5 by ,/4 ,paul1 ,i ,tim4 #c1 :]e he calls ! ,*ur* a h\se ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,= z ! h\sefa!r 9 a l>ge h\se summons 8 s]vants & prescribes to ea* "o :at he is to d1 s ,god is also wont to call into c]ta9 /ations ^? :o h be5 receiv$ into ,8 h\se by ,holy ,baptism1 & to prescribe to !m 9 ?is table h[ ea* "o 9 8 call+ %all conduct himself4 7#fda47 ,conc]n+ ! purpose ( ! ,table ( ,duties1 ,albre*t rem>ks3 ,if ,i am correct1 ,lu!r1 by ^! additions1 w\ld especially inculcate t ,*ri/ianity1 ! ess5ce ( :i* is set =? 9 ! prec$+ *ief p>ts1 mu/ daily be practis$4 ,t is c]ta9ly correct1 = ! ,cate*ism mu/ n only be le>n$1 b liv$4 ,& ! ,table ( ,duties emphasizes ! great tru?1 br\ght to light aga9 by ,lu!r1 t ,*ri/ianity does n consi/ 9 any peculi> =m ( life2 z ,romi% prie/s1 monks1 & nuns held1 :o sep>at$ !mselves f ! _w outw>dly1 b t x is ess5tially fai? ( ! he>t1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n to flee into cloi/]s & solitudes b c\rage\sly & *e]fully to plunge into practical life ) its natural =ms & relations z orda9$ by ,creation1 !re to be tri$ z well z glorifi$4 ,9 8 ,admonition to ! ,cl]gy1 #aecj1 ,lu!r says3 ,fur!rmore1 by su* abom9able doctr9e all truly good works :i* ,god appo9t$ & orda9$ 7 despis$ & utt]ly set at naught by ! ,papi/s4 ,= in/ance1 "l1 subject1 fa!r1 "m1 son1 daught]1 s]vant1 maid 7 n reg>d$ z good works1 b 7 call$ worldl9ess1 dang]\s e/ates1 & lo/ works4 7,w4 #cj1 #b1 #bia47 ,! ,table ( ,duties is a prote/ aga9/ su* p]v]t$ views4 ,= "h ,lu!r consid]s n only ! call+ ( prea*]s & tea*]s1 b also all ^? ( gov]nm5t & subjects1 ( fa!rs1 mo!rs1 & *ildr51 ( ma/]s & s]vants1 ( mi/resses & maids1 ( employees & employ]s1 z holy ord]s & e/ates1 9 :i* a ,*ri/ian may live ) a good consci5ce1 & all ( :i* ! ,cate*ism is to p]meate ) its tru?s4 ,out into ! /ream ( life ) ! ,cate*ism y h le>n$6 ,su*1 !n1 is ! admonition :i*1 9 p>ticul>1 ! ,table ( ,duties adds to ! prec$+ p>ts ( ! ,cate*ism4 #aae4 ,symbolical ,au?ority ( ,cate*isms4 ,! symbolical au?ority ( ,lu!r's ,cate*isms mu/ be di/+ui%$ f ! practical use to :i* !y 7 put 9 *ur*1 s*ool1 & home4 ,z to 8 doctr9e1 ,lu!r knew x to be ! pure tru? ( ! div9e ,^w4 ,h5ce he c\ld n b dem& t e "o ackn[l$ge x4 ,self-evid5tly ?is applies also to ! doctr9al cont5ts ( ! ,cate*isms4 ,lu!r1 h[ev]1 did n insi/ t 8 ,cate*isms be made ! books ( in/ruction 9 *ur*1 s*ool1 & home2 he only desir$ & c\nsel$ x4 ,if = ! purpose ( in/ruction ! =m ( 8 ,small ,cate*ism did n suit any "o1 let him1 said ,lu!r1 *oose ano!r4 ,9 ! ,preface to ! ,small ,cate*ism he decl>$3 ,h5ce1 *oose :atev] =m y ?9k be/1 & adh]e to x =ev]4 ,aga91 ,take ! =m ( ^! tables or "s o!r %ort1 fix$ =m ( y\r *oice1 & adh]e to x )\t ! *ange ( a s+le syllable4 ,self-evid5tly ,lu!r is "h n speak+ ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,cate*ism1 b ( ! =m to be us$ = in/ruction4 ,& ) respect to ! latt] he makes no dem&s :atev]4 ,h[ev]1 ! cont5ts ( ^! books & ! "n ( ! au?or suffic$ to procure = !m ! wide/ circulation & ! mo/ ext5sive use4 ,ev]y:]e ! doors ( *ur*es1 s*ools1 & homes 7 op5$ to ! writ+s ( ,lu!r4 ,! tables _h h>dly be5 publi%$ :5 cate*ism in/ruction already g5]ally 0 giv5 accord+ to ,lu!r's ,explanation4 ,! *ur* regulations1 fir/ 9 ,saxony1 !n also 9 o!r l&s1 provid$ t ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism be memoriz$ ^w = ^w1 & t prea*+ be accord+ to ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,! ,*ur* ,ord] ( ,h5ry ! ,pi\s1 #aeci1 decl>es3 ,!re %all n be taught a diff]5t cate*ism 9 e locality1 b "o & ! same =m1 z pres5t$ by ,dr4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r at ,witt5b]g1 %all be obs]v$ ev]y:]e4 ,9 #aecc ! m9i/]s ( ,all/a$t 7 ord]$ to prea* accord+ to ,lu!r's ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 7,kolde1 #fc47 ,! au?ority ( ! ,cate*isms grew dur+ ! controv]sies aft] ,lu!r's dea?1 :5 ! fai?ful ,lu!rans appeal$ to ! ,smalcald ,articles & especially to ,lu!r's ,cate*isms4 ,! ,lu5eburg ,articles ( #aefa designate !m1 toge!r ) ! ,smalcald ,articles1 z ! correct explication & explanation ( ! true s5se ( ! ,augu/ana4 ,! ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,pom]anicum ( #aefd decl>es t ! sum ( ,*ri/ian & evangelical doctr9e is purely & correctly conta9$ 9 ,lu!r's ,cate*isms4 ,_! au?ority z a g5u9ely ,lu!ran norm ( doctr9e increas$ :5 ! ,re=m$ ( ,g]many1 9 #aefc1 made ! ,heidelb]g ,cate*ism _! p>ticul> confession4 ,l ! ,smalcald ,articles1 ,lu!r's ,cate*isms a*iev$ _! symbolical au?ority by !mselves1 )\t resolutions ( pr9ces e/ates1 & !ologians4 ,! ,?or\gh ,decl>ation ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord is m]ely *ronicl+ actual facts :5 x adopts ! ,cate*isms = ?is reason3 because !y h be5 unanim\sly approv$ & receiv$ by all *ur*es adh]+ to ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & h be5 publicly us$ 9 *ur*es1 s*ools1 & homes1 &1 moreov]1 because ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e f ,god's ,^w is compris$ 9 !m 9 ! mo/ correct & simple way1 &1 9 l mann]1 is expla9$1 z f> z necess>y = simple laym54 7#heb1 #h47 ,! ,epitome adds3 ,& because su* matt]s conc]n also ! laity & ! salvation ( _! s\ls1 we also confess ! ,small & ,l>ge ,cate*isms ( ,dr4 ,lu!r z !y are includ$ 9 ,lu!r's works1 z ! ,bible ( ! laity1 :]e9 ev]y?+ is compris$ :i* is treat$ at great] l5g? 9 ,holy ,scripture1 & is necess>y = a ,*ri/ian man to "k = 8 salvation4 7#ggg1 #e47 #aaf4 ,enemies & ,fri5ds ( ,small ,cate*ism4 ,9 rec5t times lib]al ,g]man !ologians1 pa/ors1 & tea*]s h endeavor$ to dislodge ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism f its position 9 *ur*1 s*ool1 & home4 ,z a rule1 ^! attacks 7 made 9 ! "n ( p$agogy2 ! real cause1 h[ev]1 7 _! lib]al dogmatical views4 ,! =m 0 m5tion$ & assail$1 b ! cont5ts 7 meant4 ,z a sample ( ?is ho/ility we quote ! p$agog1 philologian1 & hi/orian ,dr4 ,ludwig ,gurlitt 7,die ,zukunft1 ,vol4 #ag1 ,no4 #f1 p4#bbb73 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 he says1 a monk elop$ f a cloi/] & wrote a religi\s book ( in/ruction = ! ,g]man *ildr54 ,at ! "t x 0 a bold innovation1 ! delight ( all free?9k]s & m5 ( progress1 ( all :o desir$ to s]ve ! future4 ,?is book1 :i* w soon celebrate its five-f\r-hundr$? anniv]s>y1 is /ill ! *ief book ( in/ruction = ,g]man *ildr54 ,true1 its cont5ts already are s antiquat$ t p>5ts reject almo/ e s5t5ce ( x = !mselves2 true1 ! man ( today und]/&s its language only ) difficulty--:at ( x1 ! *ildr5 mu/ gulp d[n ! moldy1 mu/y food4 ,h[ we w\ld sc(f & je] if a simil> report 7 made ab\t ! s*ool sy/em ( ,*9a6 ,to ?is ,lu!ran ,cate*ism1 :i* ,i w\ld be/ l to see 9 /ate libr>ies only1 are add$ _m antiquat$ hymns ( my/ical turgidity1 :i* a simple y\?1 ev5 ) ! be/ w does n "k h[ to use4 ,all outliv$6 ,fai? 9 ! ,bible owes its exi/5ce only to ! t\gh p[] & law ( in]tia4 ,x is purely me*anical ?9k+ & speak+ :i* ! s*oolma/] prea*es to !m & p\nds into !m4 ,we cont9ue ?us because we are too indol5t to fight1 or because we fe> an enlight5$ p4 ,! be/ refutation ( su* & simil> asp]sions is a ref]5ce to ! enorm\s circulation :i* ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism has enjoy$1 to its c\ntless editions1 translations1 elaborations1 & its univ]sal use 9 *ur*1 s*ool1 & home = f\r c5turies4 ,?irty-sev5 ye>s aft] ! publication ( ,lu!r's ,cate*isms1 ,ma!sius wrote3 ,praise ,god x is said t 9 our times ov] "o hundr$ ?\s& copies h be5 pr9t$ & us$ 9 great numb]s 9 all k9ds ( languages 9 =eign l&s & 9 all ,lat9 & ,g]man s*ools4 ,& s9ce !n1 d[n to ! pres5t day1 millions & millions ( h&s h be5 /ret*$ =? to receive ,lu!r's cate*etical classic4 ,:ile dur+ ! la/ f\r c5turies hundr$s ( cate*isms h gone "u1 ,lu!r's ,en*iridion is afloat to-day & is j z seawor?y z :5 x 0 fir/ laun*$4 ,a p]son1 h[ev]1 end[$ ) an av]age measure ( common s5se w h>dly be able to believe t ! entire ,lu!ran ,*ur* has1 = f\r c5turies1 be5 s /upid z w\ld h be5 ! case if m5 ( ,dr4 ,gurlitt's /ripe _h spok5 only half ! tru? 9 _! criticisms4 ,moreov]1 ! numb] ( detractors disappe>s 9 ! great ho/ ( fri5ds :o d[n to ! pres5t day h n tir$ ( prais+ ! ,cate*isms1 especially ! ,en*iridion4 ,!y admire its arti/ic & p]fect =m2 its h>moni\s gr\p+1 z ( ! petals ( a fl[]1 ! melody & rhy?m ( its language1 notably 9 ! explanation ( ! ,second ,article1 its cl>ity1 p]spicuity1 & popul>ity2 its simplicity1 c\pl$ ) dep? & ri*ness ( ?\ght2 ! abs5ce ( polemics & ( !ological t]m9ology1 etc4 ,h[ev]1 ) all ?is & _m o!r ?+s :i* h be5 & might be said 9 praise ( ! ,cate*ism1 ! feature :i* made x :at x truly 01 a ,great ,de$ ( ! ,re=mation1 has n z yet be5 po9t$ out4 ,lu!r ,paul9iz$1 ,evangelicaliz$1 ! ,cate*ism by prop]ly sett+ =? 9 8 explanations ! f9is hi/oriae1 ! bless$ mean+ ( ! great de$s ( ,god1 ! doctr9e ( ju/ificaiton4 ,inde$1 also ,lu!r's ,cate*ism is1 9 m ?an "o way1 condition$ by its times1 b 9 its k]nel1 9 its doctr9e1 x conta9s1 z ,albre*t puts x1 timeless1 nev]-ag+ mat]ial4 ,= 9 x pulsates ! he>tbeat ( ! primitive ,*ri/ian fai?1 z witness$ by ! apo/les1 & exp]i5c$ anew by ! ,re=m]4 7#fdh47 ,?is1 too1 is ! reason :y ,lu!r's ,en*iridion is1 inde$1 z ,g4 v4 ,zezs*witz rem>ks1 a booklet :i* a !ologian nev] f9i%es le>n+1 & a ,*ri/ian nev] f9i%es liv+4 #aag4 ,evaluation ( ,small ,cate*ism4 ,lu!r himself reckon$ 8 ,cate*isms among 8 mo/ important books4 ,9 8 lett] to ,wolfgang ,capito1 ,july #i1 #aecg1 he writes3 ,i am q cold & indiff]5t ab\t arrang+ my books1 =1 incit$ by a ,saturn9e hung]1 ,i w\ld mu* r h !m all dev\r$1 eo quod ,saturn9a fame p]citus magis cup]em eos omnes devoratos4 ,= none d ,i ackn[l$ge z really my books1 except p]haps ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio & ! ,cate*ism4 7,end]s1 #aa1 #bdg47 ,ju/us ,jonas decl>es3 ,! ,cate*ism is b a small booklet1 :i* c be pur*as$ = six pf5nige b six ?\s& worlds c\ld n pay = x4 ,he believ$ t ! ,holy ,gho/ inspir$ ! bless$ ,lu!r to write x4 ,ma!sius says ,if 9 8 c>e] ,lu!r _h produc$ & done no o!r good ?+ ?an to give 8 two ,cate*isms to homes1 s*ools1 & pulpits1 ! entire _w c\ld nev] suffici5tly ?ank or repay him = x4 ,j4 ,fr4 ,may]3 ,tot res quot v]ba4 ,tot utilitates1 quot apices complect5s4 ,pagellis brevis1 s$ r]um !ologic>um amplitud9e incomp>abilis4 ,z _m ?\ghts z words2 z _m uses z !re are *>act]s 9 ! book4 ,brief 9 pages1 b incomp>able 9 amplitude ( !ological ?\ghts4 ,9 8 d$icatory epi/le ( #aeia1 to ,*emnitz's ,loci1 ,polyc>p ,leys] says3 ,t sa9t$ man1 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 nev] took great] pa9s ?an :5 he drew up into a brief sum ^? prolix expositions :i* he taught mo/ en]getically 9 8 v>i\s books4444 ,!re=e he compos$ ! ,%ort ,cate*ism1 :i* is m preci\s ?an gold or gems1 9 :i* ! pure doctr9e ( ! prophets & apo/les 7prophetica et apo/olica doctr9ae puritas7 is summ$ up into "o integral doctr9al body1 & set =? 9 su* cle> words t x may ju/ly be consid]$ wor?y ( ! ,canon 7= ev]y?+ has be5 drawn f ! canonical ,scriptures74 ,i c tru?fully affirm t ?is v small book conta9s su* a weal? ( s _m & s great ?+s t1 if all fai?ful prea*]s ( ! ,gospel dur+ _! entire lives w\ld d no?+ else 9 _! s]mons ?an expla9 aright to ! common p ! secret wisdom ( ,god compris$ 9 ^? few words & set =? f ! div9e ,scriptures ! solid gr\nd ^u :i* ea* ^w is built !y c\ld nev] exhau/ ?is imm5se abyss4 ,leopold von ,ranke1 9 8 ,g]man ,hi/ory ( ! ,"t ( ! ,re=mation1 #ahci1 decl>es3 ,! ,cate*ism :i* ,lu!r publi%$ 9 #aebi1 & ( :i* he said t he1 old ,doctor ?\gh he 01 pray$ x1 is z *ildlike z x is deep1 z compreh5sible z x is unfa?omable1 simple1 & sublime4 ,bless$ is ! man :o n\ri%es 8 s\l ) x1 :o adh]es to x6 ,he has imp]i%able com=t 9 e mom5t3 "u a ?9 %ell ! k]nel ( tru?1 :i* satisfies ! wise/ ( ! wise4 ,loehe1 ano!r en?usia/ic panegyri/ ( ,lu!r1 decl>es3 ,! ,small ,lu!ran ,cate*ism c be read & spok5 ?r\gh\t ) a pray+ he>t2 9 %ort1 x c be pray$4 ,?is c be said ( no o!r cate*ism4 ,x conta9s ! mo/ def9itive doctr9e1 resi/+ e p]v]sion1 & /ill x is n polemical--x exhales ! pure/ air ( peace4 ,9 x is express$ ! manlie/ & mo/ develop$ k1 & yet x admits ( ! mo/ blissful contemplation ! s\l may wi% =4 ,x is a confession ( ! ,*ur*1 & ( all1 ! be/ kn[n1 ! mo/ univ]sal1 9 :i* ,god's *ildr5 mo/ frequ5tly meet 9 consci\s fai?1 & /ill ?is univ]sal confession speaks 9 a mo/ pleas+ p]sonal tone4 ,w>m1 he>ty1 *ildlike1 yet x is s manly1 s c\rage\s1 s free ! individual confessor speaks "h4 ,( all ! confessions compris$ 9 ! ,concordia ( #aehj1 ?is is ! mo/ y\?ful1 ! cle>e/1 & ! mo/ p5etrat+ note 9 ! h>moni\s *ime1 &1 )al1 z r\nd$ & f9i%$ z any4 ,"o may say t 9 x ! firme/ objectiv5ess appe>s 9 ! g>b ( ! mo/ pleas+ subjectiv5ess4 ,s*mauk writes3 ,! ,small ,cate*ism is ! real epitome ( ,lu!ranism 9 ! simple/1 ! mo/ practical1 ! mo/ mod]n & liv+1 &1 at ! same "t1 ! mo/ radical =m4 ,x /e]s cle> ( all obscure hi/orical allusions2 x conta9s no condemnatory articles1 x is bas$ on ! %orte/ & ! olde/ ( ! ecum5ical symbols4 ,x is n a "w = !ologians1 b = e ,lu!ran2 & x is n ne>ly z l>ge z ! ,augsburg ,confession4 7,conf4 ,pr941 #fif47 ,mc,giffert says3 ,9 #aebi appe>$ 8 ,lu!r's ,l>ge & ,small ,cate*isms1 ! latt] conta9+ a mo/ beautiful summ>y ( ,*ri/ian fai? & duty1 :olly devoid ( polemics ( e k9d1 & s simple & concise z to be easily und]/ood & memoriz$ by e *ild4 ,x has =m$ ! basis ( ! religi\s education ( ,g]man y\? ev] s9ce4 ,?\gh prec$$ by o!r cate*isms f ! p5 ( ?is & t colleague or disciple1 x spe$ily displac$ !m all1 n simply because ( its au?or%ip1 b because ( its sup]lative m]it1 & has alone ma9ta9$ itself 9 g5]al use4 ,! v]satility ( ! ,re=m] 9 adapt+ himself ) su* success to ! ne$s ( ! "y & immature is no less ?an extraord9>y4 ,su* a little book z ?is x is t reveals mo/ cle>ly ! g5ius ( ! man4 7,life ( ,lu!r1 #caf47 ,o4 ,albre*t writes3 ,rev]5tly adh]+ to ! *ur*ly tradition & p]meat+ x ) ! new und]/&+ ( ! ,gospel1 su* are ! *>act]i/ics ( ,lu!r's ,cate*isms1 especially ! ,small ,cate*ism4 ,on e page new & orig9al features appe> beside ! traditional elem5ts4 ,! ess5tial doctr9al cont5t ( ! booklet is ?or\ghly orig9al2 9 x ,lu!r (f]$ a c>efully dige/$ pres5tation ( ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 accord+ to 8 own und]/&+ z ! ,re=m]1 9 a mann] adapt$ to ! compreh5sion ( *ildr5--a simple1 pi?y description ( 8 own p]sonal ,*ri/ian piety1 )\t polemics & sy/ematization1 b ) ! conv9c+ p[] ( exp]i5c$ tru?4 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #fdg47--,simil> te/imonies might easily be multipli$ & h be5 collect$ & publi%$ repeat$ly4 ,! be/ praise1 h[ev]1 comes f ! enemy 9 ! =m ( imitation or ev5 v]bal appropriation4 ,albre*t says3 ,old ,ca?olic cate*etes1 & n ! wor/1 h n hesitat$ to draw on ,lu!r's ,l>ge ,cate*ism4 ,if "o p]uses ! widely spread cate*ism ( ! ,dom9ican monk ,john ,diet5b]g]1 ( #aecg 7repr9t$ by ,maufang 9 8 "w on ! ,ca?olic ,cate*isms ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 #ahha71 "o is frequ5tly edifi$ & delight$ by ! dilig5ce ) :i*1 besides old] mat]ial1 ,lu!r's ,l>ge & ,small ,cate*isms1 z well z ! ,nu]nb]g ,cate*ism-s]mons ( #aecc1 h be5 exploit$ 7,w4 #cj1 #a1 #dig47 #aah4 ,lit]>y ,m]it ( ,small ,cate*ism4 ,mo5ckeb]g rem>ks3 ,! ,small ,cate*ism betrays ! imp]fection ( ! ha/e 9 :i* x _h to be f9i%$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 ,lu!r1 ! ma/] ( ,g]man1 paid mu* att5tion also to its language 9 ord]1 by pi?y brevity & simple1 attractive =m1 to make its glori\s tru?s ! p]man5t prop]ty ( ! *ildr5 & unle>n$ :o memoriz$ x4 ,9 8 publication ,zur ,spra*e und ,ges*i*te des ,kle95 ,kate*ismus ,lu!rs1 ,conc]n+ ! ,language & ,hi/ory ( ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism1 #aiji1 ,j4 ,gillh(f writes3 ,"h1 if ev]1 arose a ma/] ( language1 :o express$ ! deepe/ my/]ies 9 s\nds mo/ simple4 ,"h1 if ev]1 !re 0 creat$ 9 ! ,g]man language & _s1 & 9 brief compass1 a "w ( art ( ,g]man prose4 ,if ev] ! gods bless$ a man to create1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 on ! soil ( ! p & _! ne$s1 a p]fect "w ( popul> art 9 ! _s ( ! p & 9 ! t]ms ( _! spee*1 to ! weal ( ! p & _! y\? ?r\gh\t ! c5turies1 x 0 "h4 ,! explanation ( ! ,second ,article is "o ( ! *ief creations ( ! home art ( ,g]man poetry4 ,& su* x is1 n = ! reason t x rises f des]t surr\nd+s1 draw+ att5tion to itself alone1 b because x sums up & cr[ns ! "* ( ! book ?r\gh\t4 7#af47 ,speak+ 9 p>ticul> ( ! ,second ,article1 ,bang1 9 #aiji1 said 9 8 lecture ,lu!rs ,kle9] ,kate*ismus1 e9 ,kle9od d] ,volkss*ule --,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism1 a ,jewel ( ! ,public ,s*ools3 ,! ,cate*ism is preci\s also = ! reason t ,lu!r 9 ! explanations /rikes a p]sonal1 subjective1 confessional note4 ,:5 at home ,i read ! text ( ! ,second ,article 9 sil5ce1 & !n read ,lu!r's explanation al\d1 x seems to me z if a hymn ru%+ heav5w>d arises f ! lapid>y record ( facts4 ,x is no long] ! language ( ! ^w1 b ( ! s\nd z well4 ,! text reports objectively1 l ! language ( a ,roman1 writ+ tables ( law4 ,! explanation witnesses & confesses subjectively4 ,x is ,*ri/ianity trans=m$ into fle% & blood4 ,x s\nds l an oa? ( allegiance to ! flag4 ,9 its ravi%+ tone we p]ceive ! m>*+ tread ( ! myriads ( believ]s ( n9ete5 c5turies2 we see !m mov+ onw>d "u ! flutt]+ bann] ( ! cross 9 w>1 victory1 & peace4 ,& we1 too1 by a p[] :i* _c be express$ 9 words1 are drawn into ! great1 bless$ exp]i5ce ( our ance/ors & *ampions4 ,:o w\ld d>e to lay 8 impi\s h&s on ?is consecrat$1 inh]it$ jewel1 & rob ! com+ g5]ations ( x86 7#bj47 ,x4 ,! ,smalcald ,w> & ! ,augsburg & ,leipzig ,int]ims4 #aai4 ,bulw>k ( ,peace ,remov$4 ,lu!r di$ on ! day ( ,concordia1 ,febru>y #ah1 #aedf4 ,) him peace & concord dep>t$ f ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,8 dea? 0 ev]y:]e ! signal = action aga9/ true ,lu!ranism on ! "p ( bo? its av[$ enemies & false bre?r54 ,z long z t h]o ( fai? & pray] 0 /ill liv+1 ! weight ( 8 p]sonal influ5ce & au?ority prov$ to be a v]itable bulw>k ( peace & doctr9al purity aga9/ ! enemies )9 z well z )\t ! ,*ur*4 ,?\gh enemies seek+ to dev\r _h be5 lurk+ long ago1 ! p[]ful & comm&+ p]sonality ( ,lu!r _h *eck$ all =ces mak+ = w> f )\t & = diss5sion f )94 ,! ,emp]or c\ld n be induc$ to attack ! ,lu!rans4 ,he knew t !y w\ld /& unit$ & /rong z long z ! ,h]o ( ! ,re=mation 0 9 _! mid/4 ,nor 7 ! false bre?r5 able to mu/] up suffici5t c\rage to come out into ! op5 & publi% _! errors :ile ! voice ( ! lion 0 he>d4 ,b no soon] _h ,lu!r dep>t$ ?an /rife began its di/ract+ "w4 ,w>1 political z well z !ological1 foll[$ 9 ! wake ( 8 dea?4 ,f ! grave ( ! fall5 h]o a d\ble spect] began to loom up4 ,pope & ,emp]or n[ jo9$ h&s to cru% ,prote/antism by brute =ce z !y _h plann$ long ago4 ,! result 0 ! ,smalcald ,w>4 ,! secret enemies :i* ,lu!ranism h>bor$ )9 its own bosom began boldly to raise _! heads4 ,reveal+ _! true colors & com+ out 9 ! op5 ) _! p]nici\s errors1 !y caus$ num]\s controv]sies :i* spread ov] all ,g]many 7,saxony1 ! cradle ( ! ,re=mation1 becom+ ! *ief battlefield71 & ?reat5$ to undo completely ! bless$ "w ( ,lu!r1 to disrupt & dis9tegrate ! ,*ur*1 or to p]v]t x into a unioni/ic or ,re=m$ sect4 ,especially ^! discr$itable int]nal diss5sions 7 a cause ( deep humiliation & ( anxi\s conc]n to all loyal ,lu!rans4 ,to ! ,romani/s & ,re=m$1 h[ev]1 :o unit$ 9 pr$ict+ ! imp5d+ collapse ( ,lu!ranism1 !y 7 a s\rce ( malici\s & triumphant sc(f+ & je]+4 ,a prom95t !ologian report$ t by #aeff matt]s _h come to su* a pass 9 ,g]many t ! old ,lu!ran doctr9e 0 publicly proclaim$ only 9 relatively few places4 ,9 ! ,palat9ate public ?anks 7 r5d]$ to ,god 9 ! *ur*es t also ,electoral ,saxony 0 n[ ab\t to jo9 !m4 ,! ,jesuits insi/$ t1 hav+ ab&on$ ! doctr9e ( ! real pres5ce 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 ! ,lu!rans 7 no long] g5u9e ,lu!rans & h5ce no m entitl$ to ! privileges gu>ante$ by ! ,peace ( ,augsburg 7#aeee74 ,t ! f9al result ( ?is turmoil1 political z well z !ological1 prov$ a bless+ to ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* mu/ be reg>d$ & ev] gratefully rememb]$ z a special grace & a rem>kable favor ( ,almighty ,god4 #abj4 ,lu!r ,=etold ,com+ ,di/ress4 ,?\gh fully consci\s ( ! gravity ( ! political & !ological situation1 & conv9c$ t w> & diss5sions 7 b\nd to come1 ,lu!r 0 at ! same "t confid5t t x w\ld n occur dur+ 8 life4 ,) respect to ! com+ w> he said3 ,) great e>ne/ness ,i h ask$ ,god1 & /ill pray daily1 t ,he w\ld ?w>t _! ! ,papi/s' plan & suff] no w> to come ^u ,g]many dur+ my life4 ,& ,i am confid5t t ,god surely he>s su* pray] ( m9e1 & ,i "k t !re w be no w> 9 ,g]many z long z ,i %all live4 7,/4 ,l4 #i1 #ahef47 ,9 8 ,comm5t>y on ! ,book ( ,g5esis he wrote3 ,x is a great consolation :5 he says 7,is4 #eg1 #a7 t ! righte\s are tak5 away f ! evil to come4 ,?us we1 too1 %all die 9 peace be=e mis=tune & mis]y ov]take ,g]many4 7,/4 ,l4 #a1 #ageh47 ,lu!r spoke frequ5tly also ( ! imp5d+ doctr9al diss5sions4 ,z e>ly z #aeca he decl>$ t ! ,gospel w\ld abide only a %ort "t4 ,:5 ! pres5t pi\s1 true prea*]s w be dead1 said he1 o!rs w come :o w prea* & act z x pleases ! devil4 7#h1 #gb47 ,9 #aedf he said 9 a s]mon prea*$ at ,witt5b]g3 ,up to ?is "t y h he>d ! real1 true ,^w2 n[ bew>e ( y\r own ?\ghts & wisdom4 ,! devil w k9dle ! light ( reason & lead y away f ! fai?1 z he did ! ,anabapti/s & ,sacram5t>ians4444 ,i see cle>ly t1 if ,god does n give u fai?ful prea*]s & m9i/]s1 ! devil w te> our *ur* to pieces by ! fanatics 7,rott5gei/]71 & w n cease until he has f9i%$4 ,su* is pla9ly 8 object4 ,if he _c accompli% x ?r\gh ! ,pope & ! ,emp]or1 he w d x ?r\gh ^? :o are n[ 9 doctr9al agreem5t ) u4444 ,!re=e pray e>ne/ly t ,god may pres]ve ! ,^w to y1 = ?+s w come to a dreadful pass4 7#ab1 #aagd4 #dcg47 ,read+ ! signs ( ! times1 ,melan*?on also realiz$ t ,lu!r's prophecies w\ld be fulfill$4 ,8 address to ! /ud5ts ( ,witt5b]g ,univ]sity1 on ,febru>y #ai1 #aedf1 9 :i* he ann\nc$ ! dea? ( ,lu!r1 concludes3 ,obiit auriga et currus ,israel4 ,he is dead1 ! *>iot ( ,israel & ! horsem5 !re(1 :o guid$ ! ,*ur* 9 ?is la/ old age ( ! _w4 ,= ! doctr9e ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s & ( fai? 9 ! ,son ( ,god 0 n discov]$ by human sagacity1 b reveal$ by ,god ?r\gh ?is man4 ,let u !re=e love 8 memory & 8 tea*+1 & may we be all ! m humble & pond] ! t]rible calamity & ! great *anges :i* w foll[ ?is mis=tune4 7,c4 ,r4 #f1 #ei47 ,nor 7 ^! prophecies ( ,lu!r m]e intuitions or d$uctions bas$ on g5]al reflections only4 ,!y 7 inductions f facts :i* he _h n fail$ to obs]ve at ,witt5b]g1 ev5 9 8 imm$iate surr\nd+s4 ,seck5dorf relates t ,lu!r1 :5 sick at ,smalcald 9 #aecg1 told ! ,elector ( ,saxony t aft] 8 dea?1 discord w\ld break out 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,witt5b]g & t 8 doctr9e w\ld be *ang$4 7,comm4 de ,lu!ranismo #c1 #afe47 ,9 8 ,preface to ,lu!r's ,table ,talk1 ,john ,aurifab] reports t ,lu!r _h frequ5tly pr$ict$ t aft] 8 dea? 8 doctr9e w\ld wane & decl9e because ( false bre?r51 fanatics1 & sect>ians1 & t ! tru?1 :i* 9 #aecj _h be5 plac$ on a p9nacle at ,augsburg1 w\ld desc5d into ! valley1 s9ce ! ,^w ( ,god _h seldom fl\ri%$ m ?an =ty ye>s 9 "o place4 7,ri*>d1 ,conf4 ,hi/41 #caa47 ,/ephanus ,tu*]1 a fai?ful ,lu!ran prea*] ( ,magdeburg1 wrote 9 #aedi3 ,doctor ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 ( sa9t$ memory1 has frequ5tly repeat$ be=e _m tru/wor?y witnesses1 & also be=e ,doctor ,augu/9e ,s*urf1 ^! words3 ',aft] my dea? n "o ( ^! ,witt5b]g !ologians w rema9 /eadfa/4' ,tu*] adds3 ,?is ,i h he>d ( ,doctor ,augu/9e ,s*urf n once1 b frequ5tly4 ,!re=e ,i also te/ify to x be=e ,*ri/1 my ,"l1 ! righte\s ,judge1 etc4 7,/4 ,l4 #ab1 #aagg2 ,wal!r1 ,k]n und ,/]n1 #g47 ,x 01 above all1 ! _s ( indiff]5tism t[>d false doctr9e1 p>ticul>ly conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 :i* ,lu!r obs]v$ & deplor$ 9 8 ,witt5b]g colleagues3 ,melan*?on1 ,bug5hag51 ,crucig]1 ,eb]1 & ,major4 ,%ortly be=e 8 la/ j\rney to ,eisleb5 he invit$ !m to 8 h\se1 :]e he address$ to !m ! foll[+ solemn words ( w>n+3 ,!y %\ld rema9 /eadfa/ 9 ! ,gospel2 = ,i see t soon aft] my dea? ! mo/ prom95t bre?r5 w fall away4 ,i am n afraid ( ! ,papi/s1 he add$1 = mo/ ( !m are co>se1 unle>n$ asses & ,epicureans2 b our bre?r5 w inflict ! damage on ! ,gospel2 = '!y w5t out f u1 b !y 7 n ( u' 7#a ,john #b1 #ai72 !y w give ! ,gospel a h>d] bl[ ?an did ! ,papi/s4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,lu!r _h writt5 above ! entrance to 8 /udy3 ,our pr(essors are to be exam9$ on ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,:5 ,major1 :o 0 ab\t to leave = ! colloquy at ,reg5sburg1 ent]$ & inquir$ :at ^! words signifi$1 ,lu!r answ]$3 ,! mean+ ( ^! words is precisely :at y read & :at !y say2 & :5 y & ,i %all h return$1 an exam9ation w h to be held1 to :i* y z well z o!rs w be cit$4 ,major prote/$ t he 0 n addict$ to any false doctr9e4 ,lu!r answ]$3 ,x is by y\r sil5ce & cloak+ t y ca/ suspicion ^u y\rself4 ,if y believe z y decl>e 9 my pres5ce1 !n speak s also 9 ! *ur*1 9 public lectures1 9 s]mons1 & 9 private conv]sations1 & /r5g!n y\r bre?r51 & lead ! err+ back to ! "r pa?1 & contradict ! contumaci\s spirits2 o!rwise y\r confession is %am pure & simple1 & wor? no?+4 ,:oev] really reg>ds 8 doctr9e1 fai? & confession z true1 "r1 & c]ta9 _c rema9 9 ! same /all ) su* z tea*1 or adh]e to1 false doctr9e2 nor c he keep on giv+ fri5dly words to ,satan & 8 m9ions4 ,a tea*] :o rema9s sil5t :5 errors are taught1 & nev]!less pret5ds to be a true tea*]1 is worse ?an an op5 fanatic & by 8 hypocrisy does great] damage ?an a h]etic4 ,nor c he be tru/$4 ,he is a wolf & a fox1 a hirel+ & a s]vant ( 8 belly1 & ready to despise & to sacrifice doctr9e1 ,^w1 fai?1 ,sacram5t1 *ur*es1 & s*ools4 ,he is ei!r a secret b$fell[ ( ! enemies or a skeptic & a wea!rvane1 wait+ to see :e!r ,*ri/ or ! devil w prove victori\s2 or he has no convictions ( 8 own :atev]1 & is n wor?y to be call$ a pupil1 let alone a tea*]2 nor does he want to (f5d anybody1 or say a ^w 9 favor ( ,*ri/1 or hurt ! devil & ! _w4 7,wal!r1 #ci;f47 #aba4 ,un=tunate ,issue ( ,smalcald ,w>4 ,all too soon ! pr$ictions ( ,lu!r1 & ! fe>s express$ by ,melan*?on & o!rs1 7 realiz$4 ,june #bf1 #aedf1 f\r mon?s aft] ,lu!r's dea?1 ,pope & ,emp]or ent]$ into a secret agreem5t to compel ! ,prote/ants by =ce ( arms to ackn[l$ge ! decrees ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 & to return to ! bosom ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,! cov5ant provid$ t1 9 ! "n ( ,god & ) ! help & assi/ance ( ,8 ,papal ,hol9ess1 ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y %\ld prep>e himself = w>1 & equip himself ) soldi]s & ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to w>f>e aga9/ ^? :o object$ to ! ,c\ncil1 aga9/ ! ,smalcald ,league1 & aga9/ all :o 7 addict$ to ! false belief & error 9 ,g]many1 & t he d s ) all 8 p[] & might 9 ord] to br+ !m back to ! old papal fai? & to ! ob$i5ce ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,! ,pope promis$ to assi/ ! ,emp]or ) #bjj1jjj ,krontal]1 m ?an #ab1jjj ,italian soldi]s1 & q a numb] ( horsem54 ,he fur!rmore p]mitt$ ! ,emp]or to appropriate1 = ! purpose ( ?is w>1 "o half ( ! total income ( ! *ur* prop]ty 9 ,spa9 & #ejj1jjj ,krontal] f ! rev5ue ( ! ,spani% cloi/]s4 ,:ile ! ,emp]or endeavor$ to veil ! real purpose ( 8 prep>ations1 ! ,pope op5ly decl>$ 9 a bull ( ,july #d1 #aedf3 ,f ! beg9n+ ( our ,papacy x has always be5 our conc]n h[ to root out ! we$s ( godless doctr9es :i* ! h]etics h s[$ ?r\gh\t ,g]many4444 ,n[ x has come to pass t1 by ! inspiration ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 our de>e/ son 9 ,*ri/1 ,*>les1 ! ,roman ,emp]or1 has decid$ to employ ! sword aga9/ ^! enemies ( ,god4 ,& = ! protection ( religion we int5d to promote ?is pi\s ent]prise ) all our own & ! ,roman ,*ur*'s possessions4 ,accord+ly1 we admoni% all ,*ri/ians to assi/ 9 ?is w> ) _! pray]s to ,god & _! alms1 9 ord] t ! godless h]esy may be root$ out & ! diss5sion remov$4444 ,to ea* & all :o d ^! ?+s we grant ! mo/ complete indulg5ce & remission ( all _! s9s4 7,/4 ,l4 #ag1 #adec;ff4 ,wal!r1 #aj47 ,! ,smalcald ,w>1 s call$ because x 0 direct$ aga9/ ! ,smalcald ,league1 0 easily won by ! ,emp]or4 ,among ! causes ( ?is un=tunate issue 7 ! neutral attitude ( ,joa*im ,,ii ( ,br&5burg & ( o!r ,lu!ran pr9ces1 & especially ! trea*]y ( ! ambiti\s & unscrupul\s ,maurice1 ,duke ( ,saxony & nephew ( ,elector ,john ,fr$]ick ( ,saxony1 :o1 9 ord] to ga9 ! ,electorate ( ,saxony1 _h made a secret agreem5t ) ! ,emp]or accord+ to :i* he 0 to jo9 8 =ces ) ^? ( ! ,emp]or aga9/ ! ,lu!rans4 ,! decisive battle 0 f\ght at ,muehlb]g on ! ,elbe1 ,april #bd1 #aedg4 ,x prov$ to be a cru%+ defeat = ! ,prote/ants4 ,! ,elector himself 0 tak5 captive1 treat$ z a rebel1 & s5t5c$ to dea?4 ,! s5t5ce 0 read to him :ile he 0 play+ *ess ) 8 fell[-captive1 ,duke ,erne/ ( ,lu5eburg4 ,john ,fr$]ick answ]$1 he did n believe t ! ,emp]or w\ld deal s sev]ely ) him2 if1 h[ev]1 he 7 9 e>ne/1 !y %\ld let him "k t he might ord] 8 affairs ) 8 wife & *ildr54 ,he !n calmly turn$ to ! ,duke1 say+3 ,let u cont9ue ! game2 x's y\r move4 7,jaekel1 ,g4 d4 ,ref4 l1 #aad47 ,! day aft] ! battle at ,muehlb]g1 ,torgau fell into ! h&s ( ! ,emp]or2 & :5 he ?reat5$ to execute ! ,elector1 hav+ already erect$ a scaffold = ?is purpose1 ,witt5b]g1 too1 ?\gh well protect$ by #e1jjj soldi]s1 sign$ a capitulation on ,may #ai1 9 ord] to save ! ,elector's life4 ,on ! #bc;d ( ,may1 ,witt5b]g 0 occupi$ by ! ,emp]or4 ,"h ,*>les1 :5 /&+ at ! grave ( ,lu!r1 & urg$ to h ! body ( ! h]etic exhum$1 spoke ! memorable words t he 0 w>r+ n ) ! dead1 b ) ! liv+4 ,! dea?-s5t5ce 0 resc9d$1 b1 ap>t f o!r cruel conditions =c$ ^u ! ,elector1 he 0 compell$ to resign 9 favor ( ,maurice & promise to rema9 9 captivity z long z ! ,emp]or %\ld desire4 ,8 sons 7 grant$ ! di/ricts ( ,weim>1 ,j5a1 ,eis5a*1 & ,go?a4 ,philip ( ,hesse surr5d]$ )\t /rik+ a bl[1 & 0 likewise trea*]\sly held 9 captivity & humiliat$ 9 e possible way by ! ,emp]or4 ,! imp]ial pl5ipot5ti>ies _h assur$ ! ,l&grave t he w\ld n be imprison$4 ,aft]w>ds1 h[ev]1 ! words 9 ! docum5t1 n any bodily captivity--nit e5ige ,leibesgefang5s*aft1 7 fraudul5tly *ang$ by ,granvella to read1 n et]nal captivity--nit ewige ,leibesgefang5s*aft 7,m>he9eke1 ,g4 d4 ,deut4 ,ref4 #d1 #dch47 ,! sons ( ! ,l&grave rema9$ 9 possession ( 8 t]ritory4 ,?us all ( ,s\!rn &1 b>r+ a few cities1 also all ( ,nor!rn ,g]many 0 conqu]$ by ,*>les4 ,ev]y:]e ! ,lu!rans 7 at ! t5d] m]cy ( ! ,emp]or1 ^: undisput$ p[] /ruck t]ror into all ,g]many4 #abb4 ,! ,augsburg ,int]im4 ,! fir/ /ep to r$uce ! ,lu!rans to ob$i5ce to ! ,pope 0 ! s-call$ ,augsburg ,int]im4 ,x 0 proclaim$ by ! ,emp]or at ,augsburg on ,may #ae1 #aedh1 z ! law ( ! ,empire "u ! title3 ,d] roemis*5 kais]li*5 ,maje/aet ,erkla]ung wie es d] ,religion halb5 im heilig5 ,rei* bis zu ,au/rag des geme95 ,concilii gehalt5 w]d5 soll4 ,! p 7 also =bidd5 to tea*1 write1 or prea* aga9/ ! docum5t4 ,! ,int]im _h be5 prep>$ by ! papal bi%ops ,julius ,pflug & ,mi*ael ,held+ & ! c\rt-prea*] ( ,elector ,joa*im ( ,br&5burg1 ,john ,agricola1 a man ) :om ,lu!r _h1 already s9ce #aedj1 refus$ to h any fur!r int]c\rse ow+ to 8 ins9c]ity & duplicity4 ,i g =? z ! ,re=m] ( all ,g]many1 ,agricola boa/$ :5 he left ,b]l9 to att5d ! ,diet at ,augsburg1 :i* 0 to op5 ,septemb] #a1 #aedg4 ,aft] ! ,diet he bragg$ t 9 ,augsburg he _h flung ! w9d[s wide op5 = ! ,gospel2 t he _h re=m$ ! ,pope & made ! ,emp]or a ,lu!ran1 t a gold5 "t _h n[ arriv$1 = ! ,gospel w\ld be prea*$ 9 all ,europe2 t he _h n only be5 pres5t1 b _h presid$ at ! draft+ ( ! ,int]im2 t he _h receiv$ #ejj cr[ns f ! ,emp]or & #ejj f ,k+ ,f]d9&1 etc4 7,preg]1 ,m4 ,flacius ,illyricus1 #a1 #aai47 ,! docum5t1 prep>$ at ! comm& ( ! ,emp]or1 0 call$ ,int]im because its object 0 to regulate ! *ur* affairs until ! religi\s controv]sy w\ld be f9ally settl$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 to ! resolutions ( :i* ! ,lu!rans 7 requir$ to submit4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ess5tially papal4 ,= ! "t be+1 inde$1 x p]mitt$ ,prote/ant cl]gym5 to m>ry1 & to celebrate ! ,"l's ,supp] 9 bo? k9ds1 b dem&$ ! imm$iate re/oration ( ! ,romi% cu/oms & c]emonies1 ! ackn[l$gm5t ( papal supremacy iure div9o1 z well z ! jurisdiction ( ! bi%ops1 & ! adoption ( articles 9 :i* ! doctr9es 7 all expla9$ 9 ! s5se ( ! ,ca?olic dogmas1 & 9 :i* tru? & falsehood1 9 g5]al1 7 badly m+l$4 ,transub/antiation1 ! sev5 sacram5ts1 & o!r papal errors 7 reaffirm$1 :ile ,lu!ran t5ets1 su* z ! doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai? alone1 7 ei!r d5i$ or omitt$4 ,& f ! fact t ?is ,int]im 0 nev]!less condemn$ by ! ,pope & ! ,romani/s1 :o dem&$ an unqualifi$1 bl9d1 & unconditional submission1 ! ,lu!rans c\ld inf] :at !y 7 to expect aft] cons5t+ to ^! int]imi/ic provisions4 ,! g5]al conviction among ,ca?olics z well z ,prote/ants 0 t ! ,int]im 0 b ! fir/ /ep to a complete return to ,romanism4 ,inde$1 soon aft] its promulgation1 ! ,ca?olic ,electors ( ,ma9z & ,koeln endeavor$ to rob ! ,lu!rans also ( ! use ( ! cup & ( ! m>riage ( ! prie/s4 ,! ,elector ( ,ma9z decl>$ all su* m>riages void & _! *ildr5 ba/>ds4 7,jaekel1 #afb47 ,9 ! mo/ important po9t1 ! doctr9e ( ju/ification1 ! ,augsburg ,int]im n only omitt$ ! sola fide1 b cle>ly taught t ju/ification embraces also r5ewal4 ,:5 ,god ju/ifies a man1 ! ,int]im decl>$1 ,he does n only absolve him f 8 guilt1 b also makes him bett] by imp>t+ ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o cleanses 8 he>t & incites x ?r\gh ! love ( ,god :i* is %$ abroad 9 8 he>t4 7,frank1 ,!ologie d4 ,konkordi5=mel1 #b1 #hj47 ,a man is absolv$ f ! guilt ( et]nal damnation & r5ew$ ?r\gh ! ,holy ,_s & ?us an unju/ man becomes j4 7#adc47 ,aga93 ,?is fai? obta9s ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 by :i* ! love ( ,god is %$ abroad 9 our he>ts2 & aft] ?is has be5 add$ to fai? & hope1 we are truly ju/ifi$ by ! infus$ righte\sness :i* is 9 man2 = ?is righte\sness consi/s 9 fai?1 hope1 & love4 7#ha47 ,9 ,s\!rn ,g]many1 ,*>les ,v & 8 ,italian & ,spani% troops1 employ+ brute =ce1 succe$$ 9 rigidly en=c+ ! ,int]im outw>dly & tempor>ily4 ,free cities reject+ x 7 depriv$ ( _! lib]ties & privileges4 ,con/ance1 hav+ fall5 aft] a h]oic def5se1 0 annex$ to ,au/ria4 ,magdeburg (f]$ ! longe/ resi/ance & 0 outlaw$ ?ree times4 ,defiantly its citiz5s decl>$3 ,we are sav$ nei!r by an ,int]im nor by an ,ext]im1 b by ! ,^w ( ,god alone4 7,jaekel #a1 #aff47 ,refractory magi/rates 7 treat$ z rebels4 ,pa/ors :o decl9$ to introduce ! ,int]im 7 depos$1 "s 7 bani%$1 o!rs inc>c]at$1 /ill o!rs ev5 execut$4 ,9 ,swabia & along ! ,rh9e ab\t f\r hundr$ m9i/]s 7 will+ to suff] imprisonm5t & bani%m5t r ?an con=m to ! ,int]im4 ,!y 7 driv5 into exile ) _! families1 & "s ( !m 7 kill$4 ,:5 ,jacob ,/urm ( ,augsburg pres5t$ 8 grievances to ,granvella1 ! latt] answ]$3 ,if necess>y1 "o might proce$ aga9/ h]etics also ) fire4 ,inde$1 ,/urm retort$1 y may kill p by fire1 b ev5 9 ?is way y _c =ce _! fai?4 7#afe47 ,buc] & ,fagius1 prea*]s 9 ,augsburg1 left = ,engl&4 ,musculus 0 depos$ because he _h prea*$ aga9/ ! ,int]im4 ,osi&] 0 compell$ to leave ,nu]nb]g1 ,erh>d ,s*nepf1 ,wu]ttemb]g4 ,among ! fugitives eag]ly s\ght ?r\gh\t ,g]many by ! imp]ial h5*m5 0 ,br5z 9 ,s*waebis*-,hall1 ! r5[n$ !ologian ( ,wu]ttemb]g1 :o spoke ( ! ,int]im only z ,int]itus1 ,ru94 7,c4 ,r4 #g1 #bhi47 ,! tomb/one ( ,br5z be>s ! inscription3 ,voce1 /ylo1 pietate1 fide1 ardore probatus--,r5[n$ = 8 eloqu5ce1 /yle1 piety1 fai?fulness1 & ardor4 7,jaekel1 #afd47 ,a prize ( #e1jjj guld5 0 (f]$ = ! head ( ,casp> ,aquila1 :o 0 "o ( ! fir/ to write aga9/ ! ,int]im4 7,preg] #a1 #ab47 ,( c\rse1 by p]secut+ & bani%+ _! m9i/]s1 ! ,emp]or c\ld n & did n w9 ! p4 ,elector ,fr$]ick ,,ii ( ! ,palat9ate cons5t$ to introduce ! ,int]im4 ,b ev5 9 ,s\!rn ,g]many ! success ( ! ,emp]or 0 app>5t r ?an real4 ,! *ur*es 9 ,augsburg1 ,ulm1 & o!r cities /ood empty z a sil5t prote/ aga9/ ! ,int]im & imp]ial tyranny4 ,9 ,nor!rn ,g]many ! ,emp]or met ) m ?an a m]e passive resi/ance on ! "p ( ! p z well z ! prea*]s4 ,! ,int]im 0 reg>d$ z a trap = ! ,lu!rans4 ,! slogan ran3 ,!re is a rogue beh9d ! ,int]im6 ,o selig i/ d] ,mann1 ,d] ,gott v]trau5 kann ,und willigt ni*t ins ,int]im1 ,d5n es hat d5 ,s*alk h9t] ihm6 ,! ,int]im 0 reject$ 9 ,brunswick1 ,hamburg1 ,luebeck1 ,lu5eburg1 ,gosl>1 ,brem51 ,goett+51 ,hannov]1 ,e9beck1 ,eisleb51 ,mansfeld1 ,/olb]g1 ,s*w>zburg1 ,hoh5/e91 ,halle1 etc4 ,joa*im ( ,br&5burg endeavor$ to introduce x1 b soon ab&on$ ^! ef=ts4 ,at a conv5t ( #cjj prea*]s assembl$ 9 ,b]l9 = ! purpose ( subscrib+ to ! ,int]im1 an old m9i/] ^: "n 0 ,leut+]1 arose & decl>$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,agricola1 ! coau?or ( ! ,int]im3 ,i love ,agricola1 & m ?an him ,i love my ,elector2 b my ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ ,i love mo/1 & say+ ?is1 he ca/ ! docum5t h&$ him = subscription into ! flames ( ! fire burn+ 9 ! he>?4 ,be=e ?is1 ,m>grave ,hans1 ( ,kue/r91 _h flung away ! p5 h&$ him = ! subscription ( ! infam\s docum5t1 say+3 ,i %all nev] adopt ?is poison\s concoction1 nor submit to any c\ncil4 ,r sword ?an p52 blood r ?an ink6 ,! ?ree ,c\nts ( ,mansfeld1 ,hans ,jorge1 ,hans ,albre*t1 & ,hans ,erne/1 decl>$ 9 a lett] ( ,augu/ #bj1 #aedh1 to ! ,emp]or3 ,mo/ graci\s ,emp]or & ,"l6 ,z = our gov]nm5t1 ! great] "p ( ! p are m9]s1 :o h n mu* to lose & are easily induc$ to leave4 ,nor are !y will+ to suff] mu* co]cion4 ,yet ! welf>e ( our :ole gov]nm5t dep5ds ^u !m4 ,besides1 we "k t1 if we %\ld press ! matt]1 all ( ! prea*]s w\ld leave1 & ! result w\ld be a desolation ( prea*+ & ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,& aft] los+ our prea*]s1 our own lives & limbs w\ld n be safe among ! m9]s1 & we mu/ ne$s expect a revolt ( all ! p4 7,wal!r #ai;f47 ,?us ! ,int]im be=e long became a dead lett] ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,g]many4 #abc4 ,attitude ( ,john ,fr$]ick t[>d ,int]im4 ,9 ord] to obta9 8 lib]ty1 ! vacillat+ ,philip ( ,hesse1 ?\gh he _h decl9$ to submit to ! resolutions ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 decl>$ himself will+ to adopt ! ,int]im4 ,x is bett]1 he is report$ to h said1 to he> a mass ?an to play c>ds1 etc4 7,jaekel #a1 #acj4 #afb47 ,special ef=ts 7 also made by ! ,emp]or to induce ,john ,fr$]ick to decl>e 8 submission to ! ,c\ncil & to sanction ! ,int]im4 ,b ! ,elector solemnly prote/$ t ?is 0 impossible = him4 ,all attempts to induce him to ab&on 8 religi\s convictions met ) quiet b det]m9$ resi/ance4 ,"o ( ! cruel conditions "u :i* ! ,emp]or 0 will+ to resc9d ! dea?-s5t5ce pass$ on ! ,elector 01 t he %\ld cons5t to ev]y?+ ! ,emp]or or ! ,c\ncil w\ld prescribe 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,b ! ,elector decl>$3 ,i w r lose my head & suff] ,witt5b]g to be batt]$ d[n ?an submit to a dem& t violates my consci5ce4 ,lieb] w i* me95 ,kopf v]li]5 und ,witt5b]g zusamm5s*iess5 lass51 als e9e ,=d]ung e+eh51 die me9 ,gewiss5 v]letzt4 7#a1 #aaf47 ,?r\gh ,granvella ! ,emp]or promis$ ! ,elector lib]ty if he w\ld sign ! ,int]im4 ,b aga9 ! ,elector decl>$ decid$ly t ?is 0 impossible = him4 ,9 a writt5 answ] to ! ,emp]or ! ex-,elector decl>$1 boldly confess+ 8 fai?3 ,i _c refra9 f in=m+ ,y\r ,maje/y t s9ce ! days ( my y\? ,i h be5 in/ruct$ & taught by ! s]vants ( ,god's ,^w1 & by dilig5tly se>*+ ! prophetic & apo/olic ,scriptures ,i h also le>n$ to "k1 & 7?is ,i te/ify z 9 ! sight ( ,god7 unsw]v+ly to adh]e 9 my consci5ce to ?is1 t ! articles compos+ ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & :atev] is connect$ !re)1 are ! correct1 true1 ,*ri/ian1 pure doctr9e1 confirm$ by1 & f\nd$ 91 ! writ+s ( ! holy prophets & apo/les1 & ( ! tea*]s :o foll[$ 9 _! foot/eps1 9 su* a mann] t no sub/antial objection c be rais$ aga9/ x4444 ,s9ce n[ 9 my consci5ce ,i am firmly p]suad$ ( ?is1 ,i owe ?is gratefulness & ob$i5ce to ,god1 :o has %[n me su* unspeakable grace1 t1 z ,i desire to obta9 et]nal salvation & escape et]nal damnation1 ,i d n fall away f ! tru? ( ,8 almighty w :i* ,8 ,^w has reveal$ to me1 & :i* ,i "k to be ! tru?4 ,= su* is ! com=t+ & also ! t]rible ^w ( ,god3 ',:osoev] !re=e %all confess ,me be=e m51 him w ,i confess also be=e ,my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav54 ,b :osoev] %all d5y ,me be=e m51 him w ,i also d5y be=e ,my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav51' ,if ,i %\ld ackn[l$ge & adopt ! ,int]im z ,*ri/ian & godly1 ,i w\ld h to condemn & d5y aga9/ my own consci5ce1 kn[+ly & malici\sly1 ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & :atev] ,i h h]et(ore held & believ$ conc]n+ ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/1 & approve ) my m\? :at ,i reg>d 9 my he>t & consci5ce z altoge!r contr>y to ! holy & div9e ,scriptures4 ,?is1 ,o my ,god 9 heav51 w\ld inde$ be misus+ & cruelly blasphem+ ,?y holy "n1444 = :i* ,i w\ld h to pay all too de>ly ) my s\l4 ,= ?is is truly ! s9 aga9/ ! ,holy ,gho/ conc]n+ :i* ,*ri/ says t x %all nev] be =giv51 nei!r 9 ?is nor 9 ! _w to come1 i4e41 9 et]nity4 7,wal!r1 #af47 ,! ,emp]or 0 small en\gh to puni% ! h]oic refusal & bold confession ( ! ,elector by increas+ ! sev]ity ( 8 imprisonm5t4 ,= n[ he 0 depriv$ ( ,lu!r's writ+s & ev5 ( ! ,bible4 ,b ! ,elector1 :o drew ! l9e ( submission at 8 consci5ce & fai?1 decl>$1 t !y 7 able inde$ to deprive him ( ! books1 b c\ld n te> out ( 8 he>t :at he _h le>n$ f !m4 ,& :5 ,musculus & ! ,lu!ran prea*]s ( ,augsburg :om ! ,emp]or _h bani%$ because ( _! refusal to introduce ! ,int]im1 took leave ( ! ,elector1 ! latt] said3 ,?\gh ! ,emp]or has bani%$ y f ! realm1 he has n bani%$ y f heav54 ,surely1 ,god w f9d "s o!r c\ntry :]e y may prea* ,8 ,^w4 7,jaekel4 #afd47 #abd4 ,melan*?on's ,attitude t[>d ! ,int]im4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 ,melan*?on1 too1 assum$ an attitude ( defiance ov] aga9/ ! ,augsburg ,int]im4 ,especially among 8 fri5ds & 9 8 private lett]s he condemn$ x4 ,9 sev]al lett]s1 also to ,elector ,maurice1 he & 8 ,witt5b]g colleagues decl>$ t !y disapprov$ ( ! docum5t1 & t ! doctr9e mu/ n be d5i$1 *ang$1 nor falsifi$4 7,c4 ,r4 #f1 #hgd4 #ied47 ,april #be1 #aedh he wrote to ,cam]>ius t ! ,int]im corrupt$ ! tru? 9 ! doctr9e ( ju/ification1 & t he 0 unable to ass5t to its sophisms4 7#hgh4 #ijj47 ,april #bi1 #aedh3 ,! manife/ facts tea* t ef=ts at conciliation ) our p]secutors are va94 ,ev5 ?\gh "s k9d ( concord is pat*$ up1 /ill a peace w be e/abli%$ su* z exi/s betwe5 wolves & lambs4 ,etiam cum s>citur concordia qualiscumque1 tam5 pax con/ituitur1 qualis e/ int] lupos et agnos4 7,c4 ,r4 #f1 #hhi2 ,frank #d1 #ij47 ,9 a lett] to ,*ri/ian1 ,k+ ( ,d5m>k 7,june #ac1 #aedh71 he said t ! ,int]im confirm$ & ree/abli%$ _m papal errors & abuses1 & t ! abom9able book w\ld cause _m diss5sions 9 ! ,g]man nation4 7,c4 ,r4 #f1 #ibc47 ,june #bj he wrote ) ref]5ce to ! ,int]im3 ,i %all n *ange ! doctr9e ( our *ur*es1 nor ass5t to ^? :o d4 7#idf47 ,july #ca1 to ! ,m>grave ,john ( ,br&5burg3 ,z = my p]son ,i d n int5d to approve ( ?is book1 call$ ,int]im1 = :i* ,i h _m weighty reasons1 & w comm5d my mis]able life to ,god1 ev5 if ,i am imprison$ or bani%$4 7#g1 #he47 ,9 a lett] ( ,augu/ #aj he speaks ( ! corruptions :i* are f\nd 9 ! ,augsburg sph9x1 & decl>es t he is det]m9$ fai?fully to gu>d ! doctr9e ( ! ,gospel4 7#ig47 ,augu/ #ac1 #aedh1 he wrote to ,m$l]3 ,br5z1 ,nopus ,noppius1 ,musculus1 le>n$1 pi\s1 & mo/ des]v+ m51 h be5 driv5 f _! *ur*es1 & ,i he> t ev]y:]e o!rs are be+ expell$ f o!r places1--& ,islebius ,agricola is %\t+ t ?is is ! way to spread ! ,gospel4 7#ajb47 ,9 a criticism ( ! ,augsburg ,int]im publi%$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,july1 #aedh1 ,melan*?on decl>$3 ,al?\gh w> & de/ruction are ?reat5$1 x is1 nev]!less1 our duty to reg>d ! ,^w ( ,god z high]2 t is to say1 we mu/ n d5y :at we "k to be ! tru? ( ! ,gospel4 ,on ,novemb] #aj1 #aedh1 he said be=e a conv5tion ( !ologians3 ,rememb] t y are ! gu>dians ( tru?1 & consid] :at has be5 entru/$ to y = pres]vation by ,god ?r\gh ! prophets & ! apo/les1 &1 la/ ( all1 ?r\gh ,dr4 ,lu!r4 ,if t man 7 /ill liv+1 ! mis=tune ( a *ange ( doctr9e w\ld n be ?reat5+ u2 b n[ t !re is no "o :o is clo!d ) ! au?ority :i* he _h1 n[ t !re is no "o :o w>ns z he 0 wont to d1 & _m are accept+ error = tru?1 ! *ur*es are br\ght to ru91 ! doctr9e h]et(ore correctly transmitt$ is di/ort$1 idolatr\s cu/oms are e/abli%$1 fe>1 d\bt1 & /rife are reign+ ev]y:]e4 7,wal!r1 #ba47 ,h[ev]1 ?\gh ,melan*?on disapprov$ ( ! imp]ial ,int]im1 he 0 afraid to antagonize x op5ly & unfl9*+ly4 ,yet x 0 j su* a public & decid$ te/imony t 0 ne$$1 & ev]y:]e expect$ ( ,melan*?on2 = he 0 g5]ally reg>d$ z ! logical & lawful successor ( ,lu!r & z ! !ological lead] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,july #bb1 #aedh1 ,aquila wrote3 ,:at %all ,i say ( ! ar*-knave ,eisleb51 ,agricola8 ,he said3 ',! ,int]im is ! be/ book & "w mak+ = unity 9 ! :ole ,empire & = religi\s agreem5t ?r\gh\t all ,europe4 ,= n[ ! ,pope is re=m$1 & ! ,emp]or is a ,lu!ran1' ,implor+ ,melan*?on to break 8 sil5ce & s\nd ! public w>n+1 ,aquila cont9ues3 ,?\ holy man1 answ] & come to our assi/ance1 def5d ! ,^w & "n ( ,*ri/ & ,8 honor 7:i* is ! highe/ good on e>?7 aga9/ t virul5t sycophant ,agricola1 :o is an impo/or4 7#g1 #gh47 ,su* 7 ! s5tim5ts ( loyal ,lu!rans ev]y:]e4 ,b ,melan*?on1 intimidat$ by ?reats ( ! ,emp]or1 & fe>+ = 8 safety1 turn$ a deaf e> to ^! entreaties4 ,:ile ! captive ,elector 0 det]m9$ to die r ?an submit to ! ,int]im1 & :ile hundr$s ( ,lu!ran m9i/]s 7 depos$1 bani%$1 imprison$1 & "s ( !m ev5 execut$ because ( _! devotion to ! tru?1 ,melan*?on 0 unwill+ to expose himself to ! ang] ( ! ,emp]or4 ,& be=e long 8 fe> to confess & 8 refusal to give public te/imony to ! tru? 0 foll[$ by op5 d5ial4 ,at ! behe/ ( ,elector ,maurice he cons5t$ to elaborate1 z a sub/itute = ! ,augsburg ,int]im1 a compromise docum5t--! s-call$ ,leipzig ,int]im4 #abe4 ,melan*?on & ! ,leipzig ,int]im4 ,aft] ! victory ( ! ,emp]or & ! proclamation ( ! ,augsburg ,int]im1 ,maurice1 ! new-fl$g$ ,elector1 f\nd himself 9 a dilemma4 ,*>les ,v urg$ him to set a good example 9 obey+ & en=c+ ! ,int]im4 ,indebt$ z he 0 to ! ,emp]or = 8 ,electorate1 he1 to "s ext5t1 felt b\nd to obey him also 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,at ! same "t1 ,maurice 0 p]sonally n at all 9 agreem5t ) ! radical ,augsburg ,int]im & afraid ( =feit+ ! sympa?ies ( bo? 8 old & new subjects on acc\nt ( x4 ,nor did he fail to realize ! difficulties he w\ld enc\nt] 9 en=c+ x4 ,accord+ly1 he notifi$ ! ,emp]or on ,may #ah t he 0 n able to introduce ! ,int]im at pres5t4 ,soon aft]1 he commission$ ! ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig !ologians to elaborate1 z a sub/itute = ! ,augsburg ,int]im1 a compromise1 m favorable & acceptable to 8 subjects4 ,at ! prelim9>y discussions1 especially at ,pegau & ,celle1 ! !ologians yield$1 decl>+ _! will+ness to submit to ! w ( ! ,emp]or ) respect to ! re9troduction ( ,romi% c]emonies & to ackn[l$ge ! au?ority ( ! ,pope & bi%ops if !y w\ld tol]ate ! true doctr9e4 7,preg] #a1 #dj47 ,! f9al up%ot ( x all 0 ! new ,int]im1 a compromise docum5t1 prep>$ *iefly by ,melan*?on & adopt$ ,decemb] #bb1 #aedh1 at ,leipzig4 ,?is ,resolution ( ! ,diet at ,leipzig 0 designat$ by its oppon5ts ! ,leipzig ,int]im4 ,s*aff rem>ks3 ,x 0 ! mi/ake ( 8 ,melan*?on's life1 yet n )\t plausible excuses & incid5tal advantages4 ,he advocat$ immovable /eadfa/ness 9 doctr9e 81 b submission 9 ev]y?+ else = ! sake ( peace4 ,he _h ! satisfaction t ! ,univ]sity ( ,witt5b]g1 aft] tempor>y susp5sion1 0 re/or$ & soon frequ5t$ aga9 by two ?\s& /ud5ts4 ,! s*ool 0 clos$ ,may #ai & reop5$ ,octob] #af1 #aedg4 ,b outside ( ,witt5b]g & ,saxony 8 conduct appe>$ treasonable to ! cause ( ! ,re=mation1 & act$ z an enc\ragem5t to an unscrupul\s & uncompromis+ enemy4 ,h5ce ! v5]able man 0 fi]cely assail$ f e qu>t] by fri5d & foe4 7,cre$s #a1 #cjj47 ,x is g5]ally held t fe> induc$ ,melan*?on to condesc5d to ?is betrayal ( ,lu!ranism1--= su* ! ,leipzig ,int]im am\nt$ to 9 reality4 ,&1 no d\bt1 !re is a good deal ( tru? 9 ?is assumption4 ,= ,melan*?on _h be5 told t because ( 8 opposition to ! ,augsburg ,int]im ! ang] ( ! ,emp]or 0 direct$ aga9/ him especially1 & t he _h already call$ ^u ,maurice to bani% ?is ar*-h]etic4 ,x c]ta9ly s]v$ ! purpose ( ,maurice well t he _h to deal ) ,melan*?on1 ^: fe> & vacillation made him z pliable z putty1 & n ) ,lu!r1 on ^: unb5d+ firmness all ( 8 s*emes w\ld h f\nd]$4 ,h[ev]1 x _c h be5 m]e tempor>y fe> :i* induc$ ,melan*?on to b>t] away et]nal tru? = temporal peace4 ,= ! !ologians ( ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig did n only id5tify !mselves ) ! ,leipzig ,int]im :ile ! ?reat5+ cl\ds ( p]secution 7 hov]+ ov] !m1 b also aft]w>ds cont9u$ to def5d _! action4 ,:5 ! repres5tatives ( ! ,saxon cities prote/$ aga9/ "s ( ! provisions ( ! ,int]im1 !y decl>$1 on ,decemb] #bh1 #aedh3 ,we h le>n$ y\r reque/ & are satisfi$ ) ! articles ,leipzig ,int]im deliv]$1 :i* n we alone1 b also sev]al o!r sup]9t5d5ts & !ologians prep>$ & weigh$ well2 !re=e we are unable to *ange !m4 ,= !y c well be receiv$ & obs]v$ )\t any viol5ce to good consci5ce4 7,c4 ,r4 #g1 #bgj47 ,x 0 z late z ,septemb]1 #aeef t ,melan*?on1 ?\gh ev5 !n only 9 a qualifi$ way1 admitt$ t he _h s9n$ 9 ?is matt]1 & %\ld h kept alo( f ! insidi\s c\nsels ( ! politicians4 7#h1 #hci47 ,inde$1 9 #aeeg & #aefj ! ,leipzig & ,witt5b]g !ologians /ill def5d$ ! position !y _h occupi$ dur+ ! ,int]im4 ,evid5tly1 !n ap>t f o!r motives ( fe>1 etc41 ,melan*?on cons5t$ to write ! ,int]im because he /ill believ$ 9 ! possibility ( arriv+ at an und]/&+ ) ! ,romani/s & tri$ to p]suade himself t ! ,emp]or s]i\sly s\ght to aboli% prevail+ errors & abuses1 & because ! !ological views he ent]ta9$ 7 n z f> ap>t f ^? ( ! ,leipzig compromise z is frequ5tly assum$4 #abf4 ,provisions ( ,leipzig ,int]im4 ,! pr(ess$ object ( ! ,leipzig ,int]im 0 to effect a compromise 9 ord] to escape p]secution & desolation ( ! *ur*es by adh]+ to ! doctr9e1 notably ( ju/ification1 b yield+ 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to c]emonies1 etc4 ,decemb] #ah1 #aedh1 ,melan*?on 79 ! "n ( ,george ( ,anhalt7 wrote to ,bur*>d conc]n+ ! ,int]im adopt$ f\r days lat]3 ,!y ,maurice & ! e/ates hope to be able to w>d (f dang]s if we receive "s rites :i* are n 9 !mselves vici\s2 & ! *>ge ( unju/ ob/9acy is made if 9 su* ?+s we are unwill+ to contribute t[>d public tranquillity444 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to reta9 necess>y ?+s1 we are n too exact+ ) respect to su* z are unnecess>y1 especially s9ce h]et(ore ^! rites h1 to a great ext5t1 rema9$ 9 ! *ur*es ( ^! regions4444 ,we "k t mu* is said aga9/ ?is mod]ation1 b ! deva/ation ( ! *ur*es1 su* z is tak+ place 9 ,swabia1 w\ld be a /ill great] (f5se4 7#g1 #bea;ff47 ,! plan ( ,melan*?on !re=e 0 to yield 9 ?+s :i* he reg>d$ z unnecess>y 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! tru? & avoid p]secution4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 ! ,leipzig ,int]im1 too1 0 9 e respect a truce ov] ! corpse ( true ,lu!ranism4 ,x 0 a unioni/ic docum5t sacrific+ ,lu!ranism doctr9ally z well z practically4 ,! obnoxi\s features ( ! ,augsburg ,int]im _h n be5 elim9at$1 b m]ely ton$ d[n4 ,?r\gh\t1 ! controv]t$ doctr9es 7 treat$ 9 ambigu\s or false =mulas4 ,ts*ack]t is correct 9 ma9ta9+ t1 9 ! articles ( ju/ification & ( ! ,*ur*1 ! fundam5tal ?\ghts ( ! ,re=mation doctr9e 7 ca?oliciz$ by ! ,leipzig ,int]im4 7#ejh47 ,ev5 ! ,lu!ran sola 7sola fide1 by fai? alone7 is omitt$ 9 ! article ( ju/ification4 ,! entire matt] is pres5t$ 9 t]ms :i* ,romani/s 7 able to int]pret 9 ! s5se ( _! doctr9e ( infus$ righte\sness1 iu/itia infusa4 ,fai? is coord9at$ ) o!r virtues1 & good works are decl>$ to be necess>y to salvation4 ,ju/ification by fai?1 says ,s*mauk1 is !re 9 ! ,leipzig ,int]im s *ang$ z to mean t man is r5ew$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 & c fulfil righte\sness ) 8 works1 & t ,god w1 = ,8 ,son's sake accept 9 believ]s ?is weak beg9n+ ( ob$i5ce 9 ?is mis]able1 frail nature4 7,conf4 ,pr941 #eif47 ,fur!rmore1 ! ,leipzig ,int]im indirectly admits ! ,semi-,pelagian tea*+ reg>d+ orig9al s9 & free w1 :ile o!r doctr9es :i* %\ld h be5 confess$ are pass$ by 9 sil5ce4 ,x recognizes ! supremacy ( ! ,pope1 re/ores ! p[] & jurisdiction ( ! bi%ops1 ackn[l$ges ! au?ority ( ! c\ncil1 approves ( a numb] ( c]emonies objectionable z su* 7e4g41 ! ,corpus ,*ri/i ,fe/ival71 & advocates ! re9troduction ( ^! & o!rs 9 ord] to avoid p]secution & to ma9ta9 outw>d peace ) ! ,papi/s4 ,self-evid5tly1 9 keep+ ) ! ,int]im1 ! ,pope also c\ld no long] be reg>d$ z1 & publicly decl>$ to be1 ! ,anti*ri/4 ,9 #aefa ,flacius wrote t at t "t ! suspect$ ,lu!rans did n consid] ! ,pope ! ,anti*ri/4 ,simon ,musaeus & o!rs 7 bani%$ because !y refus$ to elim9ate ! hymn ,erhalt uns1 ,h]r1 bei de9em ,wort f _! s]vices4 7,wal!r1 #be47--,su*1 !n1 be+ ! "* ( ! ,leipzig ,int]im1 x /&s to reason t ?is docum5t1 adopt$ z x 0 by ,melan*?on & o!r ,lu!ran lead]s1 0 b\nd to become a f]tile s\rce ( num]\s & viol5t controv]sies4 #abg4 ,flacius & ,o!r ,oppon5ts ( ,int]imi/s4 ,! ,leipzig ,int]im 0 impos$ ^u ! *ur*es ( ,electoral ,saxony z a directory = tea*+1 prea*+1 & wor%ip4 ,melan*?on decl>$ t x c\ld be adopt$ ) a good consci5ce1 & h5ce %\ld be introduc$1 z dem&$ by ,maurice1 9 ord] to insure ! peace ( ! ,*ur*4 ,at ,witt5b]g & o!r places correspond+ ef=ts 7 made4 ,b ev]y:]e ! result 0 diss5sion & /rife4 ,! ,int]im defeat$ its own purpose4 ,pa/ors :o decl9$ to con=m 7 depos$1 bani%$1 inc>c]at$ or abus$ 9 o!r ways4 ,& :]ev] fai?ful m9i/]s 7 remov$1 ! p refus$ to be s]v$ by ! hirel+s :o took _! places4 ,at ! v conv5tion at ,leipzig :]e ! ,int]im 0 adopt$1 ,wolfgang ,pf5tn]1 ,sup]9t5d5t at ,annab]g1 decl>$3 ,:at caus$ !m to re9troduce su* tomfool]ies ,romi% c]emonies8 ,7 !y gr[+ *ildi% aga98 ,!y might d :at !y want$ to1 b z = himself1 he c\ld n cons5t to ! ,int]im4 ,& ev5 if he %\ld p]mit himself to be deceiv$1 8 p>i%ion]s w\ld n accept x4 ,= 9 a lett] deliv]$ by a mess5g] on horseback !y _h *>g$ him to agree to no ungodly article1 or n return to !m4 ,accord+ly1 he w\ld h 8 head cut (f at ,leipzig & suff] ?is ) a good consci5ce r ?an give (f5se to 8 *ur*4 7,wal!r1 #bb47 ,decemb] #bd1 ?ree days aft] ! adoption ( ! ,int]im1 repres5tatives ( ! cities 9 ,saxony pres5t$ compla9ts to ,elector ,maurice & ,melan*?on aga9/ "s ( ! provisions ( ! docum5t4 ,!y prote/$ p>ticul>ly aga9/ ! re9/itution ( ,extreme ,unction1 ! ,fe/ival ( ,corpus ,*ri/i1 & ! use ( *rism at ,baptism4 7,c4 ,r4 #g1 #bgj47 ,ev5 ! ,witt5b]g !ologians f9ally admitt$ t 9 consequ5ce ( ! ,int]im ! rupture _h become s great t !re 0 an agreem5t nei!r ( "o *ur* ) ano!r1 nor1 9 ! same *ur*1 ( any deacon1 any s*oolma/]1 or sexton ) 8 pa/or1 nor ( "o neighbor ) ano!r1 nor ( memb]s ( ! h\sehold ) "o ano!r4 7,wal!r1 #bc47 ,=emo/ among ! *ampions ( true ,lu!ranism ov] aga9/ ! ,int]imi/s 7 ,john ,h]mann1 ,aquila1 ,ni*olas ,amsdorf1 ,john ,wig&1 ,alb]us1 ,gallus1 ,mat?ias ,judex1 ,we/phal1 & especially ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illyricus1 !n 7f #aedd to #aedi7 a memb] ( ! ,witt5b]g faculty1 :]e he oppos$ all concessions to ! ,adiaphori/s4 ,x is due1 no d\bt1 to ,flacius m ?an to any o!r individual t true ,lu!ranism & ) x ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* 0 sav$ f annihilation 9 consequ5ce ( ! ,int]ims4 ,9 #aedh he began 8 num]\s & p[]ful publications aga9/ !m4 ,9 ! same ye>1 #aedh1 ! foll[+ book ( ,john ,h]mann appe>$3 ,t dur+ ,^! ,dang]\s ,times ,no?+ %\ld be ,*ang$ 9 ! ,*ur*es ( ,god 9 ,ord] to ,please ! ,devil & ! ,anti*ri/4 ,9 #aedi3 ,aga9/ ! ,mean ,devil :o ,n[ ,aga9 is ,disguis+ ,himself z an ,angel ( ,light4 ,9 #aedi1 :5 he 0 no long] safe 9 ,witt5b]g1 ,flacius remov$ to ,magdeburg !n ! only safe asylum 9 all ,g]many = su* z 7 p]secut$ on acc\nt ( _! ,lu!ran fai? & loyalty1 :]e he 0 jo9$ by su* exiles ( ,*ri/ z ,wig&1 ,gallus1 & o!rs1 :o _h also be5 bani%$ & p]secut$ because ( _! opposition to ! ,int]im4 ,"h !y inaugurat$ a p[]ful propag&a by publi%+ broadsides ( annihilat+ pamphlets aga9/ ! ,int]im1 z well z its au?ors1 patrons1 & abettors4 ,!y r\s$ ! ,lu!ran consci\sness ev]y:]e1 & be=e long ! great majority ( ,lu!rans /ood beh9d ,flacius & ! h]oes ( ,magdeburg4 ,! publications emanat+ f ?is =tress caus$ su* an av]sion to ! ,adiaphori/ic pr9ces z well z !ologians among ! p t f ! v outset all _! plans & ef=ts 7 doom$ to failure1 & ! s9i/] s*emes ( ! ,pope & ,emp]or 7 fru/rat$4 ,because ( ?is able & /aun* def5se ( ,lu!ranism & ! det]m9$ opposition to any unioni/ic compromise1 ,magdeburg at t "t 0 g5]ally call$ ,god's *ancell]y1 ,gottes ,kanzlei4 ,nor did ! opposition subside :5 ?is ,lu!ran /ronghold1 ?rice outlaw$ by ! ,emp]or1 0 f9ally1 aft] a siege ( ?irte5 mon?s1 captur$ by ,maurice4 ,9 _! attacks ! *ampions ( ,magdeburg 7 jo9$ also by ! m9i/]s ( ,hamburg & o!r places4 ,only 9 ,saxony & ,br&5burg ! policy ( ,melan*?on 0 def5d$4 ,z ! conflict ext5d$1 x grew 9 bitt]ness1 reveal+ ) increas+ luridness ! ins9c]ity & di%one/y ( ! ,philippi/s4 ,true ,lu!rans ev]y:]e 7 satisfi$ t ! adoption also ( ! ,leipzig ,int]im 0 tantam\nt to a complete surr5d] ( ,lu!ranism4 ,_! animosity aga9/ ?is docum5t 0 all ! /rong] because x bore ! /amp ( ! ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig !ologians & 0 sponsor$ by ,melan*?on1 ! v man :om !y _h reg>d$ z ,lu!r's successor & z ! lead] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is1 too1 0 ! reason :y ! ,leipzig ,int]im caus$ ev5 m res5tm5t among ! ,lu!rans1 especially 9 ,nor!rn ,g]many1 ?an did ! ,augsburg ,int]im4 ,9 _! view1 ,melan*?on & 8 colleagues _h betray$ ! cause ( ! ,re=mation & practically jo9$ _! =ces ) ^? ( ! ,romani/s1 ev5 z ,maurice _h betray$ ! ,lu!rans politically :5 fight+ at ! side ( ! ,emp]or aga9/ 8 own coreligioni/s4 ,ts*ack]t rem>ks3 ,9 view ( ! fact t at t "t ab\t #djj ,evangelical pa/ors 9 ,s\!rn ,g]many1 because ( _! refusal to adopt ! ,augsburg ,int]im1 _h suff]$ !mselves to be driv5 f _! *>ges & homes & w&]$ ab\t />v+1 _m ) _! wives & *ildr51 ! yield+ ( ! !ologians ( ,electoral ,saxony c\ld b appe> z unp>donable & z a betrayal ( ! ,*ur*4 7#ejh47 #abh4 ,grief ov] ,melan*?on's ,incon/ancy4 ,9 consequ5ce ( 8 dubi\s attitude1 ,melan*?on also1 :o be=e ?is _h be5 g5]ally honor$ z ! lead] ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 completely lo/ 8 pre/ige1 ev5 among _m ( 8 =m]ly mo/ devot$ fri5ds4 ,! grief & di/ress exp]i5c$ by loyal ,lu!rans at 8 wav]+ & yield+ is eloqu5tly express$ by ,antonius ,corv9us1 ,sup]9t5d5t at ,kal5b]g-,goett+51 ! ,lu!ran m>tyr1 :o1 because ( 8 opposition to ! ,int]im1 0 inc>c]at$ = ?ree ye>s1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* he di$1 #aeec4 ,9 a lett] dat$ ,septemb] #be1 #aedi1 he implor$ 8 fri5d to ab&on ! ,int]im1 & to return to 8 pri/9e c&or1 8 pri/9e s9c]ity1 & 8 pri/9e con/ancy1 & to ?9k1 say1 write1 & d :at is becom+ to ,philip1 ! ,*ri/ian tea*]1 n ! c\rt philosoph]4 ,peace1 inde$1 0 desirable1 b x mu/ n be obta9$ by di/ract+ ! *ur*es4 ,*ri/ _h also decl>$ t ,he did n come to br+ peace1 b ! sword4 ,ev5 ! hea!n ,horatius ,flaccus _h said3 ,si fractus illabitur orbis1 impavidum f]i5t ru9ae4 ,h[ mu* m %\ld ,*ri/ians avoid c[>dice6 ,"o mu/ n c\rt ! cross wantonly1 b x mu/ be borne c\rage\sly :5 = ! sake ( tru? x _c be avoid$1 etc4 ,9 ! orig9al1 ,corv9us's lett] reads1 9 "p1 z foll[s3 ,o mi ,philippe1 o1 inquam1 ,philippe no/]1 r$e p] immortalem ,*ri/um ad pri/9um c&orem1 ad pri/9am s9c]itatem ad pri/9am con/antiam6 ,ne languescito i/a tua =mid9e ac pusillanimitate no/rorum animos tantop]e6444 ,non sis tantorum 9 ecclesia (f5diculorum autor6 ,ne s9as1 tua tam egregia scripta1 dicta1 facta1 quibus mirifice hact5us de ecclesia ac s*olis m]itus es1 i/o condonationis1 novationis1 mod]ationis naevo ad eum modum de=m>i6 ,cogita1 quantum animi i/a ve/ra consilia et adv]s>iis addant et no/ris adimant6444 ,rogamus1 ut1 pr(essionis tuae memor1 talem te cum ,viteb]g5sibus tuis iam g]as1 qualem te ab initio huius causae gessi/i1 hoc e/1 ut ea s5tias1 dicas1 scribas1 agas1 quae ,philippum1 doctorem ,*ri/ianum1 non aulicum philosophum dec5t4 7,ts*ack]t1 #ejf47 ,9 a simil> mann] ,melan*?on 0 admoni%$ also by ,br5z1 :o pref]r$ exile & mis]y to ! ,int]im4 ,9 a lett] writt5 e>ly 9 #aedi he said3 ,x is also mo/ manife/ t ! ,int]itus ,ru91 a t]m employ$ by ,br5z = ,int]im conflicts ) ! ,^w ( ! ,"l4 ,:at concord1 !n1 c be f\nd betwe5 su* conflict+ ?+s8 ,y ?9k t "o ought to come to ! assi/ance ( ! *ur*es & pi\s m9i/]s4 ,correct if su* c be done )\t di%onor to ,*ri/4 ,p]haps y believe t ! ,int]imi/s w tol]ate ! pi\s doctr9e if we agree to accept all _! c]emonies4 ,b d y n "k t x is cle>ly comm&$ 9 ! introduction ( ! ,int]itus t no "o %all speak or write aga9/ ?is book8 ,:at k9d ( lib]ty 9 reg>d to doctr9e is ?is8 ,!re=e1 if ! ,*ur* & ! pi\s m9i/]s _c be sav$ 9 any o!r way ?an by di%onor+ ! pi\s doctr9e1 let u comm5d !m to ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,he w take c>e ( !m4 ,mean:ile let u pati5tly be> our exile & wait = ! ,"l4 7,c4 ,r4 #g1 #bhi47 ,june #ah1 #aeej1 ,calv9 also wrote a lett] ( w>n+ to ,melan*?on1 9 :i* he said 9 sub/ance3 ,my grief r5d]s me almo/ spee*less4 ,h[ ! enemies ( ,*ri/ enjoy y\r conflicts ) ! ,magdeburg]s appe>s f _! mock]ies4 ,nor d ,i acquit y altoge!r ( all guilt4 ,p]mit me to admoni% y freely z a true fri5d4 ,i %\ld l to approve ( all y\r actions4 ,b n[ ,i accuse y be=e y\r v face 7ego te nunc apud te ipsum accuso74 ,?is is ! sum ( y\r def5se3 ,if ! purity ( doctr9e be reta9$1 ext]nals %\ld n be p]t9aci\sly cont5d$ = 7modo ret9eatur doctr9ae puritas1 de rebus ext]nis non esse p]t9acit] dimic&um74 ,b y ext5d ! adiaphora too f>4 ,"s ( !m pla9ly conflict ) ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,n[1 s9ce ! ,"l has drawn u into ! fight1 x behooves u to /ruggle all ! m manfully 7eo virilius nos eniti decebat74 ,y "k t y\r position diff]s f t ( ! multitude4 ,! hesitation ( ! g5]al or lead] is m disgraceful ?an ! flight ( an entire regim5t ( common soldi]s4 ,unless y set an example ( unfl9*+ /eadfa/ness1 all w decl>e t vacillation _c be tol]at$ 9 su* a man4 ,by yield+ b a little1 y alone h caus$ m lam5tations & compla9ts ?an a hundr$ ord9>y m5 by op5 apo/asy 7,itaque plures tu unus paululum c$5do qu]imonias et gemitus excita/i quam c5tum m$iocres ap]ta defectione74 ,i w\ld die ) y a hundr$ times r ?an see y survive ! doctr9e surr5d]$ by y4 ,y w p>don me = unload+ into y\r bosom ^! pitiable1 ?\gh useless groans4 7,s*luesselburg #ac1 #fce2 ,c4 ,r4 #da ,calv9i ,op]a #ac1 #eic2 ,frank #d1 #hh47 #abi4 ,int]im ,elim9at$ ,politically1 ,b ,n ,!ologically4 ,x 0 also 9 ! int]e/ ( allay+ ! animosity aga9/ 8 own p]son t ,elector ,maurice _h prevail$ ^u ,melan*?on to frame ! ,leipzig ,int]im4 ,b 9 ?is respect1 too1 ! docum5t prov$ to be a dismal failure4 ,op5ly ! p1 8 own =m] subjects includ$1 %[$ _! contempt = 8 p]son & "*4 ,ev]y:]e public s5tim5t 0 ar\s$ aga9/ him4 ,he 0 held responsible = ! captivity & %ameful treatm5t ( ,philip ( ,hesse & especially ( ,john ,fr$]ick1 :om ! p admir$ z ! ,confessor ( ,augsburg & n[ also z ! innoc5t ,m>tyr ( ,lu!ranism4 ,maurice1 on ! o!r h&1 0 br&$ a mameluke1 condemn$ z a r5egade & an apo/ate1 despis$ z ! traitor ( ,lu!ranism1 & abhorr$ z ! ,judas ( ,meiss51 :o _h sold 8 coreligioni/s = an electorate4 ,at ! same "t ,maurice 0 provok$ by ! arbitr>y mann] 9 :i* ! ,emp]or exploit$ & abus$ 8 victory by a repeat$ brea* ( 8 promises1 & by ! trea*]\s & %ameful treatm5t accord$ 8 fa!r-9-law1 ,philip ( ,hesse4 ,*agr9$ at all ?is & fully realiz+ ! utt] impossibility ( en=c+ ! ,int]im1 ,maurice decid$ to end ! matt] by a s+le /roke :i* at ! same "t w\ld atone = 8 trea*]y1 & turn %ame into glory & ! vile "n ( a traitor into ! noble title ( ,*ampion ( ,prote/antism4 ,accord+ly ,maurice1 easily ! mat* ( ,*>les 9 duplicity & cunn+1 secretly prep>$ 8 plans1 &1 sudd5ly turn+ 8 army aga9/ ! unsuspect+ ,emp]or1 drove him f ,innsbruck1 sc>$ ! ,fa!rs ( ,tr5t to _! homes1 & on ,april #e1 #aeeb1 victori\sly ent]$ ,augsburg1 :]e he 0 receiv$ ) great rejoic+4 ,! fruits ( ?is victory 7 ! ,treaties ( ,passau ,augu/ #b1 #aeeb1 & ( ,augsburg1 #aeee1 :i* = ! fir/ "t grant$ religi\s lib]ty to ! ,prote/ants4 ,! latt] plac$ ,lu!rans & ,ca?olics on an equal foot+ 9 ! ,empire &1 accord+ to ! rule3 ,cuius regio1 eius religio1 gave e pr9ce religi\s control 9 8 own t]ritory1 non-con=mi/s be+ grant$ ! "r ( emigration4 ,to ! great advantage ( ! ,romani/s1 h[ev]1 ! treaty also provid$ t t]ritories rul$ by bi%ops mu/ rema9 ,ca?olic ev5 ?\gh ! rul] %\ld turn ,prote/ant4 ,b :ile ! ,int]im 0 ?us elim9at$ z a political & practical issue1 ! !ological controv]sy precipitat$ by x cont9u$ unabat$4 ,its political elim9ation cle>$ ! situation t[>d ! ,romani/s1 b left conditions )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* unsettl$4 ,x nei!r unifi$ nor pacifi$ ! ,*ur*4 ,x nei!r elim9at$ ! false doctr9es & unioni/ic pr9ciples & t5d5cies inject$ by ! ,int]imi/s1 nor did x re/ore confid5ce 9 ! doctr9al s\ndness1 loyalty1 & s9c]ity ( ! vacillat+ ,philippi/s1 :o _h caus$ ! fir/ brea* 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,does x agree ) ! "* ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* to tol]ate & approve ! doctr9es & pr9ciples conta9$ & involv$ 9 ! ,int]im1 & to h>bor & fell[%ip su* indiff]5ti/s z fram$1 indors$1 & def5d$ ?is docum5t8 su* & simil> 7 ! que/ions :i* rema9$ live issues ev5 aft] ! ,int]im 0 politically dead4 ,! !ological situation )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 !re=e1 0 n *ang$ 9 ! lea/ :5 ! annihilation ?reat5+ h] f )\t 0 w>d$ (f by ! victory ( ,maurice ov] ! ,emp]or4 ,! ,int]im 0 fraught ) doctr9al issues :i* made unavoidable ! subsequ5t controv]sies4 ,,xi4 ,controv]sies ,foll[+ ! ,int]im & ,settl$ by ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 #acj4 ,?ree ,!ological ,p>ties4 ,9 ! !ological conflicts aft] ,lu!r's dea? ?ree p>ties may be di/+ui%$4 ,! fir/ p>ty embrac$ *iefly ! ,int]imi/s1 ! ,syn]gi/s1 & ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s4 ,!y 7 adh]5ts ( ,philip ,melan*?on1 h5ce call$ ,melan*?onians or1 m commonly1 ,philippi/s1 & 7 l$ by ! !ologians ( ,electoral ,saxony4 ,_! object 0 to supplant ! au?ority & !ology ( ,lu!r by ! unioni/ic & lib]al views ( ,melan*?on4 ,_! headqu>t]s 7 ! univ]sities ( ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig4 ,"s ( _! *ief repres5tatives 73 ,joa*im ,cam]>ius 7born #aejj1 pr(essor ( ,greek 9 ,leipzig1 a close fri5d ( ,melan*?on1 di$ #aegd72 ,paul ,eb] 7born #aeaa1 pr(essor 9 ,witt5b]g1 di$ #aefh72 ,casp> ,crucig]1 ,jr4 7born #aebe1 pr(essor 9 ,witt5b]g1 di$ at ,cassel #aeig72 ,*ri/oph] ,pezel 7born #aeci1 pr(essor 9 ,witt5b]g1 di$ #afjj or #afjd72 ,george ,major 7,mei]2 born #aejb1 pr(essor 9 ,witt5b]g1 di$ #aegd72 ,casp> ,peuc] 7doctor ( m$ic9e1 son-9-law ( ,melan*?on2 born #aebe1 imprison$ f #aegd till #aehf di$ #afjb72 ,paul ,crell 7born #aeca1 pr(essor 9 ,witt5b]g1 di$ #aegi72 ,john ,pfefflng] 7born #adic1 pr(essor 9 ,leipzig1 di$ #aegc72 ,victor9 ,/rigel 7born #aebd1 #aedh pr(essor 9 ,j5a1 di$ 9 ,heidelb]g #aefi72 ,john ,/oessel 7born #aebd1 di$ 9 prison #aegf72 ,george ,crac[ 7born #aebe1 pr(essor ( jurisprud5ce 9 ,witt5b]g1 privy c\nselor 9 ,dresd51 di$ 9 prison #aege74 ,! second p>ty1 ! s-call$ ,gnesio-,lu!rans 7g5u9e ,lu!rans71 0 repres5t$ *iefly by ! !ologians ( ,ducal ,saxony & embrac$ su* /aun* & loyal m5 z ,amsdorf1 ,flacius1 ,wig&1 ,gallus1 ,mat?ias ,judex1 ,mo]l91 ,tileman ,hes%usius1 ,timann1 ,we/phal1 & ,simon ,musaeus4 ,?\gh "s ( ^! lead]s 7 lat] discr$it$ by fall+ into extreme positions !mselves1 !y all prov$ to be valiant *ampions ( ,lu!r & mo/ det]m9$ oppon5ts ( ! ,philippi/s4 ,! /rongholds ( ?is p>ty 7 ,magdeburg & ! ,univ]sity ( ,j5a1 f\nd$ by ! sons ( ,john ,fr$]ick 9 #aedg4 ,l$ by ,flacius1 ?is univ]sity unfl9*+ly oppos$ ! modifi$ & unioni/ic ,lu!ranism advocat$ by ! ,philippi/s at ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig4 ,seeb]g says1 9 sub/ance3 ,! ,gnesio-,lu!rans 7 oppos$ to ! philosophy ( ! ,philippi/s & /ood = ! simple ,biblical tru? z ,lu!r _h und]/ood x4 ,ev5 :5 oppos$ by ! gov]nm5t1 !y def5d$ ! tru?1 & 7 will+ to suff] ! consequ5ces4 ,/rict doctr9al discipl9e 0 ex]cis$ by !m4 ,!y oppos$ ) equal det]m9ation ! errors also ( _! fell[-combatants3 ,amsdorf1 ,flacius1 ,poa*1 & o!rs4 ,intellectually !y 7 sup]ior to ! ,philippi/s4 ,seeb]g concludes3 ,9 ! =ms ( _! "t 7:i* 7 n outgr[n by any "o ( ! ,philippi/s ei!r7 !y pres]v$ to ! ,*ur* g5u9e ,lu!r-treasures--e*tes ,lu!rgut4 7,dogm5ges*i*te #d1 #b1 #dhb47 ,! ?ird1 or c5t]-p>ty1 0 compos$ ( ! loyal ,lu!rans :o took no conspicu\s "p 9 ! controv]sies1 b came to ! front :5 ! "w ( pacification began4 ,!y 7 ( special s]vice 9 settl+ ! controv]sies1 fram+ ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 & re/or+ a true & godly peace to our ,*ur*4 ,prom95t among !m 7 ,br5z1 ,&reae1 ,*emnitz1 ,selnecc]1 ,*ytraeus1 ,corn]us1 ,mo]l91 & o!rs4 ,^! !ologians 71 on ! "o h&1 oppos$ to all unnecess>y logoma*ies i4e41 controv]sies involv+ no doctr9al diff]5ces1 &1 at ! same "t1 7 mo/ c>eful n to fall into any extreme position !mselves4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 !y approv$ ( all controv]sies really necess>y 9 ! int]e/ ( tru?1 reject$ & condemn$ all =ms ( indiff]5tism & unionism1 & /r5u\sly oppos$ e ef=t at sacrific+1 veil+1 or compromis+ any doctr9e by ambigu\s =mulas = ! sake ( ext]nal peace or any o!r policy :atsoev]4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl41 #hee;f47 #aca4 ,v>i\s ,!ological ,controv]sies4 ,foll[+ is a synopsis & summ>y ( ! ma9 controv]sies )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* aft] ! dea? ( ,lu!r1 :i* 7 settl$ 9 ! fir/ elev5 articles ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,! sequ5ce ( ^! articles1 h[ev]1 is n /rictly hi/orical & *ronological1 b dogmatic4 ,9 ! ma91 ! arrangem5t ( ! ,augsburg ,confession is obs]v$4 ,! fir/ ( ^! controv]sies 0 ! s-call$ ,adiaphori/ic ,controv]sy1 f #aedh to #aeee1 9 :i* ! ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig !ologians 7,melan*?on1 ,eb]1 ,pfeff+]1 etc47 def5d$ ! ,leipzig ,int]im & ! re9troduction ( ,romi% c]emonies into ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,!y 7 oppos$ by ! *ampions ( a consi/5t & det]m9$ ,lu!ranism1 l$ by ,flacius1 :o decl>$3 ,nihil e/ adiaphoron 9 /atu confessionis et sc&ali4 ,no?+ is an adiaphoron 9 case ( confession & (f5se4 ,! controv]sy 0 decid$ by ,article ,x4 ,! second is ! ,majori/ic ,controv]sy1 f #aeea to #aefb1 9 :i* ,george ,major & ,ju/us ,m5ius def5d$ ! phrase ( ,melan*?on t good works are necess>y to salvation4 ,!y 7 oppos$ by ! loyal ,lu!rans1 ( :om ,amsdorf1 h[ev]1 laps$ into ! opposite error3 ,good works are detrim5tal to salvation4 ,?is controv]sy 0 settl$ by ,article ,,iv4 ,! ?ird is ! ,syn]gi/ic ,controv]sy1 f #aeee to #aefj1 9 :i* ,pfeff+]1 ,eb]1 ,major1 ,crell1 ,pezel1 ,/rigel1 & ,/oessel held ) ,melan*?on t man by 8 own natural p[]s coop]ates 9 8 conv]sion4 ,_! oppon5ts 7,amsdorf1 ,flacius1 ,hes%usius1 ,wig&1 ,gallus1 ,musaeus1 & ,judex7 taught1 z =mulat$ by ,flacius3 ,solus ,deus conv]tit hom9em4444 ,non excludit voluntatem1 s$ omnem efficaciam et op]ationem eius4444 ,god alone conv]ts man4444 ,he does n exclude ! w1 b all efficaci\sness & op]ation ( ! same4 ,?is controv]sy 0 decid$ & settl$ by ,article ,,ii4 ,! f\r? is ! ,flacian ,controv]sy1 f #aefj to #aege1 9 :i* ,flacius1 support$ by ,cyriacus ,spang5b]g1 ,*ri/ian ,ir5aeus1 ,mat?ias ,wolf1 ,i4 ,f4 ,coele/9us1 ,s*neid]1 & o!rs1 ma9ta9$ t orig9al s9 is n an accid5t1 b ! v sub/ance ( fall5 man4 ,! ,lu!rans1 includ+ ! ,philippi/s1 7 practically unanim\s 9 oppos+ ?is error4 ,x 0 decid$ by ,article ,i4 ,! fif? 0 ! ,osi&ri/ic & ! ,/anc>ian ,controv]sy1 f #aedi to #aeff1 9 :i* ,&rew ,osi&] d5i$ ! =5sic "* ( ju/ification1 & taught t ,*ri/ is our righte\sness only accord+ to ,8 div9e nature1 :ile ,/anc>us cont5d$ t ,*ri/ is our righte\sness accord+ to ,8 human nature only4 ,bo?1 ,osi&] z well z ,/anc>us1 7 oppos$ by ,melan*?on1 ,flacius1 & practically all o!r ,lu!rans1 ! ,philippi/s includ$4 ,?is controv]sy 0 settl$ by ,article ,,iii4 ,! six? 0 ! ,ant9omi/ic ,controv]sy1 f #aebg to #aeef1 9 :i* v>i\s false views conc]n+ ! ,law & ! ,gospel 7 def5d$1 especially by ,john ,agricola :o ma9ta9$ t rep5tance 7contrition7 is n wr\ght by ! ,law1 b by ! ,gospel 7a view :i*1 9 a modifi$ =m 0 lat] on def5d$ also by ,witt5b]g ,philippi/s71 &1 aft] ,lu!r's dea?1 by ,poa* & ,otto1 :o reject$ ! s-call$ ,?ird ,use ( ! ,law4 ,! que/ions involv$ 9 ^! ,ant9omian controv]sies 7 decid$ by ,articles ,v & ,,vi4 ,! sev5? 0 ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic ,controv]sy1 f #aefj to #aegd1 9 :i* ! ,philippi/s 9 ,witt5b]g1 ,leipzig1 & ,dresd5 7,peuc]1 ,crac[1 ,/oessel1 etc47 endeavor$ gradually to supplant ,lu!r's doctr9es conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] & ! maje/y ( ! human nature ( ,*ri/ by ! ,calv9i/ic tea*+s on ^! po9ts4 ,^! secret & di%one/ enemies ( ,lu!ranism 7 oppos$ by true ,lu!rans ev]y:]e1 notably by ! !ologians ( ,ducal ,saxony4 ,9 #aegd !y 7 publicly unmask$ z deceiv]s & ,calv9i/ic s*em]s4 ,! controv]sy 0 settl$ by ,articles ,,vii & ,,viii4 ,! two la/ controv]sies 7 ( a local nature4 ,! fir/ 0 *iefly conf9$ to ,hamburg1 ! second to ,/rassburg4 ,9 ! =m] city ,john ,aep9us taught t ,*ri/'s desc5t into hell 0 a "p ( ,8 suff]+ & humiliation4 ,he 0 oppos$ by 8 colleagues 9 ,hamburg4 ,9 ,/rassburg ,john ,m>ba* publicly d5\nc$ ,zan*i1 a ,crypto-,calv9i/1 = tea*+ t fai?1 once eng5d]$ 9 a man1 _c be lo/4 ,! que/ions involv$ 9 ^! two articles are dealt ) 9 ,articles ,,ix & ,,xi1 respectively4 #acb4 ,conflicts ,unavoidable4 ,:5 describ+ ! conflicts aft] ,lu!r's dea?1 hi/orians frequ5tly deplore ! dreadful controv]sies ( ^! d>k days ( doctr9al extremi/s & ! polemical _s ( rigid ,lu!ranism4 ,g4 ,j4 ,planck1 9 p>ticul>1 *>act]iz$ !m all z useless qu>rels & p]sonal wrangl+s ( n>r[-m9d$1 bigot$ adh]5ts ( ,lu!r1 :o vitiat$ orig9al ,lu!ranism by mak+ x ess5tially a matt] ( pure doctr9e4 ,to ! pres5t day indiff]5ti/ically incl9$ hi/orians are wont to m> _! pages ) simil> views4 ,true1 pure doctr9e1 unity 9 ! pure doctr9e ( ! ,gospel1 su* 0 ! %ibbole? ( ! fai?ful ,lu!rans ov] aga9/ ! ,melan*?onians & o!r errori/s4 ,b ?is 0 nei!r repreh5sible doctr9alism nor a corruption ( orig9al ,lu!ranism1 b ! v pr9ciple f :i* x 0 born & = :i* ,lu!r cont5d$ ?r\gh\t 8 life--a pr9ciple ( life or dea? = ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,x 0 ! false doctr9e ( ju/ification :i* made ,lu!r a mo/ mis]able man4 ,x 0 ! pure doctr9e z taught by ,/4 ,paul :i* fre$ 8 consci5ce1 transport$ him into ,p>adise1 z he himself puts x1 & made him ! ,re=m] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,ev] s9ce1 purity ( doctr9e 0 held1 by ,lu!r & all true ,lu!ran !ologians1 to be ( p>am\nt import to ,*ri/ianity & ! ,*ur*4 ,fully realiz+ t adult]ation ( any "p ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e 0 b\nd to infect also ! doctr9e ( fai? & ju/ification & ?us endang] salvation1 !y e>ne/ly w>n$ aga9/1 & oppos$1 e deviation f ! cle> ,^w ( ,god1 no matt] h[ insignificant x might appe>4 ,!y lov$ ! tru? m ?an ext]nal peace1 m ev5 ?an _! own lives4 ,h5ce !y f\nd x impossible to be sil5t1 apa!tic1 & complac5t spectators :ile ! ,philippi/s & o!rs d5i$1 attack$1 & corrupt$ ! tru? taught by ,lu!r f ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,accord+ly1 s9ce ! ,leipzig ,int]im involv$ & ma9ta9$ doctr9es & pr9ciples subv]sive ( g5u9e ,lu!ranism & 0 prep>$1 introduc$1 & def5d$ by ! v m5 :o 7 reg>d$ z pill>s ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 x 0 evid5t f ! outset t ?is docum5t mu/ ( necessity precipitate mo/ s]i\s int]nal tr\bles4 ,f ! mom5t ! ,witt5b]g]s ca/ ! ,int]im z a firebr& into ! ,*ur*1 a dome/ic w>f>e 0 unavoidable1--if inde$ any true disciples ( ,lu!r /ill rema9$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( :i* he1 & n ,melan*?on1 0 ! f\nd]4 ,:ile ! ,augsburg ,int]im result$ 9 an ext]nal !ological w>f>e ( ! ,lu!rans aga9/ ! ,romani/s1 ! ,leipzig ,int]im add$ a mo/ s]i\s dome/ic conflict1 :i* consci5ti\s ,lu!rans c\ld n evade1 ?\gh x well-nigh br\ght our ,*ur* to ! br9k ( de/ruction4 ,= n[ ! issue 0 n m]ely h[ to resi/ ! ,pope & ! ,romani/s1 b1 h[ to purge our own ,*ur* f ! ,int]imi/s & _! p]nici\s pr9ciples4 ,& z long z ! advocates ( ! ,int]im or ( o!r ab]rations f ! old ,lu!ran moor+s refus$ to ab&on _! errors1 & nev]!less insi/$ on rema9+ 9 ! ,*ur*1 !re 0 no real unity 9 ! tru?4 ,h5ce !re c\ld also be no true peace & bro!rly h>mony among ! ,lu!rans4 ,& ! way to settle ^! diff]5ces 0 n indiff]5tly to ignore !m1 nor unioni/ically to compromise !m by adopt+ ambigu\s =mulas1 b pati5tly to discuss ! doctr9es at issue until an agreem5t 9 ! tru? 0 rea*$1 :i* f9ally 0 done by means ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,true1 ^! controv]sies endang]$ ! v exi/5ce ( our ,*ur*4 ,b ! real cause ( ?is 0 n ! resi/ance :i* ! loyal ,lu!rans (f]$ to ! errori/s1 nor ev5 ! unseemly sev]ity by :i* ! prosecution ( ^! controv]sies 0 frequ5tly m>r$1 b ! un-,lu!ran _s & ! false pr9ciples & doctr9es manife/$ & def5d$ by ! oppon5ts4 ,9 s f> z div9e tru? 0 def5d$ & error oppos$1 ^! controv]sies 7 truly w>s to end w>1 & to e/abli% real peace & true unity )9 our ,*ur*4 ,a c[>dly surr5d] to ! indiff]5ti/ic _s1 ! unioni/ic policy1 ! false pr9ciples1 & ! errone\s doctr9es ( ! ,int]imi/s w\ld h be5 tantam\nt to a complete trans=mation ( our ,*ur* & a total annihilation ( g5u9e ,lu!ranism4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ^! controv]sies 7 conduct$1 x is true1 0 frequ5tly su* z to ob/ruct1 r ?an fur!r1 mutual und]/&+ & peace4 ,z a rule1 x is assum$ t only ! g5u9e ,lu!rans indulg$ 9 unseemly polemical invective1 & spoke & wrote 9 a bitt] & spiteful tone4 ,b ! ,melan*?onians 7 to say ! lea/1 equally guilty4 ,& :5 c5sur+ ?is _s ( combativ5ess1 "o mu/ n ov]look t ! ultimate cause ( ! mo/ viol5t ( ^! controv]sies 0 ! betrayal ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* by ! ,int]imi/s2 & t ! sev]ity ( ! polemics ( ! loyal ,lu!rans did n1 at lea/ n z a rule1 emanate f any p]sonal malice t[>d ,melan*?on1 b r f a burn+ zeal to ma9ta9 s\nd ,lu!ranism1 & f ! fe> t by ! s*em+ & ! indiff]5ce ( ! ,philippi/s ! fruits ( ,lu!r's bless$ "w might be altoge!r lo/ to ! com+ g5]ations4 ,! peace-lov+ ,melan*?on />t$ a conflagration )9 8 own *ur* 9 ord] to obta9 a temporal & tempor>y peace ) ! ,romani/s2 :ile ! loyal ,lu!rans1 inasmu* z !y f\ght = ! pres]vation ( g5u9e ,lu!ranism1 /ood =1 & promot$1 a truly honorable1 godly1 & la/+ peace on ! basis ( et]nal tru?4 ,& :ile ! latt] f\ght hone/ly & 9 ! op51 ! ,philippi/s h nev] fully cle>$ !mselves f ! *>ges ( duplicity1 di%one/y1 & dissimulation4 #acc4 ,melan*?on ,prime ,mov] ( ,conflicts4 ,! ,leipzig ,int]im 0 ! signal = a g5]al & prolong$ w>f>e )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,x conta9$ ! g]ms ( v>i\s doctr9al errors1 & produc$ a _s ( g5]al di/ru/ & suspicion1 :i* t5d$ to exagg]ate & multiply ! real diff]5ces4 ,s*mauk says3 ,! se$s ( ! subsequ5t controv]sies are all to be f\nd 9 ! ,leipzig ,int]im4 7#eie47 ,at any rate1 mo/ ( ! controv]sies aft] ,lu!r's dea? fl[$ f1 or 7 9 "s way or o!r connect$ )1 ?is un=tunate docum5t4 ,su* is ! view also ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 :i* decl>es t ! ?irty ye>s' controv]sies :i* x settl$ orig9at$ especially 9 ! ,int]im4 7#heg1 #ai2 #idg1 #bi47 ,yet ! ,int]im 0 r ! occasion ?an ! ultimate cause ( ^! conflicts4 ,long be=e ! flames ( op5 discord bur/ =?1 ! emb]s ( secret doctr9al diss5sion _h be5 gl[+ "u ! surface4 ,ev5 dur+ ! life ( ,lu!r mu* p[d] _h be5 secretly /or$ up = :i* ! ,int]im furni%$ ! sp>k4 ,?is is prov$1 among o!r ?+s1 by ,lu!r's pr$ictions 7ref]r$ to 9 ! prec$+ *apt]7 conc]n+ 8 own colleagues4 ,& above all x 0 ! peace-lov+ ,philip :o fir/ & mo/ successfully s[$ ! dragon's tee? ( discord4 ,melan*?on's doctr9al deviations f ! tea*+s ( ,lu!r & f 8 own =m] position mu/ be reg>d$ z ! la/ cause ( bo? ! ,leipzig ,int]im & ! lam5table controv]sies t foll[$ 9 its wake4 ,inde$1 a tragic sight to behold3 ,! co-labor] ( ,lu!r1 ! s]vant ( ! ,re=mation second only to ,lu!r1 ! ,praeceptor ,g]maniae1 ! ard5t & anxi\s lov] ( peace1 etc4--untrue to 8 confid+ fri5d1 disloyal to ! cause ( ! ,re=mation1 & ! *ief cause ( /rife & diss5sion 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*6 ,& )al1 ,melan*?on1 mi/ak+ ext]nal union = real unity & temporal peace ) m5 = true peace ) ,god1 felt satisfi$ t he _h sp5t ! ef=ts ( 8 entire life 9 ! int]e/ ( ! true welf>e ( ! ,*ur*6 ,%ortly be=e 8 dea? 7,april #ai1 #aefj7 he express$ 8 joy t n[ he w\ld be deliv]$ f ! fury ( ! !ologians4 ,on a %eet ( pap] f\nd on 8 table 7 writt5 a numb] ( reasons :y he fe>$ dea? less4 ,"o ( !m 03 ,lib]ab]is ab a]umnis et a rabie teologorum4 ,y w be deliv]$ f toils & f ! fury ( ! !ologians4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #ajih47 ,?us ev5 9 ! face ( dea? he did n realize t he himself 0 ! *ief cause ( ! conflicts t _h embitt]$ 8 decl9+ ye>s6 #acd4 ,melan*?on's ,humani/ic & ,unioni/ic ,t5d5cies4 ,till ab\t #aecj ,melan*?on seems to h be5 9 complete h>mony ) ,lu!r1 & to h foll[$ him en?usia/ically4 ,to propagate1 co91 & br+ into s*ola/ic =m ! ,*ri/ian tru?s once m br\ght to light by ! ,re=m] he consid]$ to be 8 peculi> mission4 ,b 8 secret lett]s &1 ) gradually increas+ cle>ness & boldness1 also 8 publications %[ t lat] on he began to /rike out on pa?s ( 8 own1 & to cultivate & dissem9ate doctr9es incompatible ) ! ,lu!ranism ( ,lu!r4 ,9 a measure1 ^! deviations 7 kn[n also to ! ,witt5b]g /ud5ts & !ologians1 to ,cordatus1 ,/ifel1 ,amsdorf1 ! ,elector ,john ,fr$]ick1 ,brueck1 & ,lu!r1 :o also call$ him to acc\nt :5ev] suffici5t evid5ce w>rant$ 8 do+ s4 7,lehre und ,wehre #aijh1 #fa;ff47 ,9 a lett] to ,cordatus1 dat$ ,april #ae1 #aecg1 ,melan*?on 0 bold en\gh to /ate t he _h made _m corrections 9 8 writ+s & 0 glad ( ! fact3 ,multa ultro correxi 9 libellis meis et correxisse me gaudeo4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #cdb47 ,9 discuss+ ! squabble betwe5 ,cordatus & ,melan*?on :e!r good works are necess>y = salvation1 ,lu!r is report$ by ! =m] to h said1 9 #aecf3 ,to ,philip ,i leave ! sci5ces & philosophy & no?+ else4 ,b ,i %all be compell$ to *op (f ! head ( philosophy1 too4 7,kolde1 ,analecta1 #bff47 ,melan*?on1 z ,lu!r put x1 0 always tr\bl$ by 8 philosophy2 t is to say1 in/ead ( subject+ 8 reason to ! ,^w ( ,god1 he 0 incl9$ to balance ! =m] aga9/ ! latt]4 ,! tru? is t ,melan*?on nev] fully succe$$ 9 free+ himself f 8 orig9al humani/ic t5d5cies1 a fact :i* gave 8 m9d a morali/ic r ?an a truly religi\s & ,scriptural b5t4 ,ev5 dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,re=mation :5 he 0 c>ri$ away ) admiration = ,lu!r & 8 "w1 ! humani/ic und]curr5t did n disappe> altoge!r4 ,janu>y #bb1 #aebe1 he wrote to ,cam]>ius3 ,ego mihi conscius sum1 non ullam ob causam unquam te!ologek5ai1 nisi at mores meos em5d>em4 ,i am consci\s ( ! fact t ,i h nev] !ologiz$ = any o!r reason ?an to improve my morals4 7,c4 ,r4 #a1 #gbb47 ,su*1 !n1 be+ 8 frame ( m9d1 x 0 no wond] t he %\ld f9ally des]t ,lu!r 9 mo/ important po9ts1 lapse into syn]gism & o!r errors1 &1 9 p>ticul> value indiff]5ti/ically doctr9al convictions1 notably on ! real pres5ce 9 ! ,"l's ,supp] & ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,ov] aga9/ ,lu!r1 says ,s*aff1 ,melan*?on repres5t$ ! unioni/ic & lib]al type ( ,lu!ranism4 7,cre$s1 #a1 #bei47 ,?is is correct2 b ! /ricture mu/ be add$ t1 s9ce unionism & lib]alism are incompatible ) ! v ess5ce ( ,lu!ranism1 ,melan*?onianism z su* 0 9 reality n a type1 b a d5ial ( ,lu!ranism4 ,melan*?on lack$ ! simple fai? 91 & ! firm adh]5ce & implicit submission to1 ! ,^w ( ,god :i* made ,lu!r ! undaunt$ & inv9cible h]o ( ! ,re=mation4 ,/&+ f\r-squ>e on ! ,bible & d]iv+ f ?is s\rce ( div9e p[] alone all 8 !ological ?\ghts & convictions1 ,lu!r 0 a rock1 firm & immovable4 ,) him e !ological "q 0 decid$ & settl$ conclusively by quot+ a cle> passage f ! ,holy ,scriptures1 :ile ,melan*?on1 devoid ( ,lu!r's s+le-m9d$ & :ole-he>t$ devotion to ! ,^w ( ,god1 endeavor$ to satisfy 8 reason z well4 ,consequ5tly he lack$ assurance & firm conviction1 wav]$ & vacillat$1 & 0 nev] fully satisfi$ t ! position he occupi$ 0 really ! only correct "o1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 he endeavor$ to pres5t 8 views conc]n+ "s ( ! disput$ doctr9es 9 ambigu\s & indef9ite t]ms4 ,we h tw5ty-eight l>ge volumes ( ,melan*?on's writ+s1 says ,c4 ,p4 ,krau?1 &1 at ?is h\r1 imp>tial & le>n$ m5 are n agre$ z to :at 7 8 views on "s ( ! pr(\nde/ que/ions ( *ur* doctr9e1 on :i* ,melan*?on 0 writ+ all 8 life6 7,cons]vative ,ref41 #bia2 ,s*mauk1 #gdh47 ,?is indef9ite & wav]+ attitude t[>ds div9e tru?1 ! natural consequ5ce ( ! humani/ic b5t ( 8 m9d1 produc$ 9 ,melan*?on a g5]al t5d5cy & pron5ess to surr5d] or compromise doctr9al matt]s 9 ! int]e/ ( policy1 & to b>t] away et]nal tru? = temporal peace4 ,x made him an indiff]5ti/ & a unioni/1 always ready to /rike a b>ga9 also 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to ,*ri/ian fai?1 & to cov] doctr9al diff]5ces ) ambigu\s =mulas4 ,:ile ,lu!r's lifelong attitude on matt]s ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e is *>act]iz$ by ! fam\s words spok5 by him at ,worms 9 #aeba3 ,i* kann ni*t &]s1 ,i _c d o!rwise1 ,melan*?on1 treat+ ev5 que/ions ( fai? z matt]s ( exp$i5cy r ?an ( consci5ce1 0 ! man :o1 z a rule1 c\ld also d o!rwise1 & :o 0 great 9 manufactur+ ,poli% boots1 z ! ambigu\s phrases by :i* he endeavor$ to unite oppos+ p>ties 7 call$ by ! ,lu!rans 9 ,reuss4 ,9 ord] to pres]ve peace ) ! ,romani/s at ,augsburg 9 #aecj1 he did n hesitate to sacrifice ,lu!ran tru?s & to receive into ! b>ga9 a numb] ( :at he consid]$ m9or papal errors4 ,9 8 subsequ5t ov]tures to ! ,re=m$ he 0 m ?an will+ to make simil> concessions4 ,! _s ( ,melan*?on 0 ! _s ( religi\s indiff]5ce & ( unionism1 :i*1 ?\gh ?or\ghly elim9at$ by ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 0 f "t to "t reviv$ )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* by su* m5 z ,calixtus1 ,sp5]1 ,z9z5dorf1 ,ne&]1 &1 9 our own c\ntry1 by ,s4 ,s4 ,s*muck]4 ,! unioni/ic t5d5cies & doctr9al corruptions :i* ,melan*?on inject$ into ,lu!ranism 7 all ! m dang]\s to our ,*ur* because !y d]iv$ special weight & pre/ige f ! fact t ,lu!r _h un/9t+ly prais$ 8 gifts1 8 books1 & ! s]vices he _h r5d]$ ! ,*ur* 7,/4 ,l4 #ah1 #afga2 #bc1 #aaeb71 t he 0 n[ g5]ally reg>d$ z ,lu!r's successor ) reg>d to !ological lead]%ip ( ! ,*ur*2 & t he 0 gratefully admir$ z ! ,praeceptor ,g]maniae by a ho/ ( loyal pupils1 :o made x a po9t also to cultivate j ^? !ological peculi>ities ( ,ma/] ,philip1 z !y call$ him1 9 :i* he diff]$ f ,lu!r4 #ace4 ,melan*?on's ,%ameful ,s]vitude4 ,t ,melan*?on fail$ our ,*ur* 9 ! ,int]im em]g5cy z well z 9 ! subsequ5t controv]sies is g5]ally ascrib$ to ! fact t he lack$ ! brac+ influ5ce & assi/ance ( ,lu!r4 ,no d\bt1 !re is a good deal ( tru? 9 ?is assumption4 ,b ! true reason :y he did n measure up to ! dem&s ( ! times & ! expectations ( our ,*ur* 7 n m]e moral weaknesses1 b r ! errors & false pr9ciples to :i* he 0 w$d$4 ,h[ c\ld ,melan*?on h approv$ himself a lead] ( ! ,lu!rans :5 he 0 out ( sympa?y ) !m1 d\bt$ "s ( _! mo/ *]i%$ doctr9es1 & long ago _h /ruck out on a pa? deviat+ f t mapp$ out by ,lu!r8 ,true1 ! brac+ :i* he receiv$ f ,lu!r 9 ! pa/ _h repeat$ly kept him f publicly sacrific+ ! tru?1 b ev5 9 ^! in/ances he did n always yield because he 0 really conv9c$1 b because he fe>$ ! uncompromis+ _s ( ,lu!r4 ,t fe> ( an op5 conflict ) ,lu!r :i*1 he felt1 w\ld result 9 a cru%+ defeat = himself1 bulk$ l>ge among ! motives :i* prompt$ him to ma9ta9 a semblance ( true or?odoxy z long z ,lu!r liv$1 is cle>ly admitt$ by ,melan*?on himself4 ,9 8 notori\s & mo/ discr$itable lett] to ,c>l[itz 7c\nselor ( ,elector ,maurice71 writt5 ,april #bh1 #aedh1 eight days aft] ! meet+ at ,celle1 :]e he _h debau*$ 8 consci5ce by promis+ submission to ! religi\s dem&s ( ! ,emp]or1 ,melan*?on1 p\r+ =? 8 feel+s & reveal+ 8 true inw>dness & 8 _s ( unionism & indiff]5tism z mu* z admitt$ t 9 ! pa/ he _h be5 accu/om$ to hid+ 8 real views4 ,"h he decl>$ 9 s _m words t x 0 n he :o />t$1 & 0 responsible =1 ! religi\s controv]sy betwe5 ! ,lu!rans & ,romani/s1 b r ,lu!r ^: cont5ti\s _s 7he said7 also _h con/antly increas$ ! rupture1 & t "u ,lu!r he _h suff]$ a mo/ %ameful s]vitude4 ,9 ! orig9al ! lett] reads1 9 "p1 z foll[s3 ,totum enim me tibi ,c>l[itz ap]io4444 ,ego1 cum decrev]it pr9ceps etiamsi quid non probabo1 tam5 nihil s$itiose faciam1 s$ vel tacebo1 vel c$am1 vel f]am1 quidquid accidet4 ,tuli etiam antea s]vitutem pa5e de=mem1 cum saepe ,lu!rus magis suae naturae1 9 qua filoneikia erat non exigua1 quam vel p]sonae suae vel utilitati communi s]viret4 ,et scio1 omnibus aetatibus1 ut tempe/atum incommoda1 ita aliqua 9 gub]natione vitia mode/e et arte f]5da et dissimul&a esse4444 ,=tassis natura sum +5io s]vili4 7,c4 ,r4 #f1 #hgi;f47 ,ev5 be=e ,melan*?on _h1 9 private lett]s to 8 fri5ds1 display$ a simil> ve9 ( ill w t[>d ,lu!r1 :om he evid5tly fe>$ because ( 8 own secret doctr9al deviations4 7,lehre und ,wehre #aijh1 #fa4 #fh47 ,no d\bt1 z /at$ above1 fe> 0 also among ! motives :i* induc$ him to id5tify himself ) ! ,leipzig ,int]im4 ,b evid5tly 8 own !ological attitude1 too1 diff]$ little f ! _s p]vad+ ?is docum5t4 ,at any rate1 ! lett] to ,c>l[itz does n support ! assumption t ,melan*?on really outrag$ 8 own convictions :5 he wrote & adopt$ ! ,int]im4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 he also cont9u$ to def5d ! ,int]im2 & x 0 z late z #aeef be=e he 0 ready to make ev5 a qualifi$ admission ( "o ( ! errors connect$ ) x4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* w always gratefully ackn[l$ge ! spl5did s]vices :i* ,melan*?on r5d]$ 9 ! "w ( ,lu!r's ,re=mation1 x mu/ at ! same "t be admitt$ & _c be ga9said t1 9 ! la/ analysis1 ,melan*?on1 by reason ( 8 deviations f ,lu!r1 :i* w be set =? m fully 9 ! foll[+1 0 ! ultimate cause & orig9ator ( mo/ ( ! diss5sions :i* began to di/ract ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* soon aft] ! dea? ( ,lu!r4 ,&rew ,musculus1 :o assi/$ 9 draft+ ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 br\ght out ?is fact 7?\gh 9 t]ms too /rong7 :5 he *>act]iz$ ,melan*?on z a philosophical !ologian & a patri>* ( all h]etics4 7,meusel1 ,h&l4 #d1 #gaj47 ,9 a way1 ,melan*?on may ev5 be reg>d$ z ! indirect cause ( ! ,smalcald ,w> & its un=tunate issue1 inasmu*1 namely1 z 8 vacillat+ & compromis+ attitude & 8 incompet5t lead]%ip creat$ conditions ( int]nal weakness among ! ,lu!rans1 :i* invit$ ! aggression ( ,pope & ,emp]or4 ,,xii4 ,! ,adiaphori/ic ,controv]sy4 #acf4 ,cont5ts ( ! ,leipzig ,int]im4 ,to exhibit ! insidi\s "* ( ! ,leipzig ,int]im m fully1 we submit ! foll[+ quotations4 ,9 its ,introduction we read3 ,z f> z ! doctr9e ( ! /ate & nature ( man be=e & aft] ! ,fall is conc]n$1 !re is no controv]sy 7betwe5 ! ,lu!rans & ,romani/s74 ,! article ,( ,ju/ification1 9 :i* ! ,lu!ran sola fide is omitt$1 decl>es3 ,! m]ciful ,god does n "w ) man z ) a block1 b draws him1 s t 8 w also coop]ates if he be ( und]/&+ ye>s4 ,aga93 ,& !y :o h ?us receiv$ ! =giv5ess ( s9s & ! ,holy ,gho/1 & 9 :om ! ,holy ,gho/ beg9s fai? & tru/ 9 ! ,son ( ,god1 love & hope1 !n become heirs ( et]nal salvation = ! ,savior's sake4 ,9 ! article ,( ,good ,works we read3 ,nev]!less1 ! new virtues & good works are s highly necess>y t1 if !y 7 n quick5$ 9 ! he>t !re w\ld be no reception ( div9e grace4 ,aga93 ,x is c]ta9ly true t ^! virtues1 fai?1 love1 hope1 & o!rs1 mu/ be 9 u & are necess>y to salvation4444 ,& s9ce ! virtues & good works1 z has be5 said1 please ,god1 !y m]it also a rew>d 9 ?is life1 bo? spiritual & temporal1 accord+ to ,god's c\nsel1 & /ill m rew>d 9 ! et]nal life1 because ( ! div9e promise4 ,! article ,( ,ecclesia/ical ,p[] runs z foll[s3 ,:at ! true ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ga!r$ 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ackn[l$ges1 det]m9es1 & tea*es 9 reg>d to matt]s ( fai? is to be taught & prea*$1 s9ce x nei!r %\ld nor c det]m9e any?+ contr>y to ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,self-evid5tly1 ,romani/s con/ru$ ?is z an a priori endorsem5t ( ! ,c\ncil & its resolutions4 ,9 ! article ,( ,ecclesia/ical ,m9i/]s we read3 ,& t all o!r m9i/]s %\ld be subject & ob$i5t to ! *ief bi%op ! ,pope & to o!r bi%ops :o adm9i/] _! episcopal (fice accord+ to ,god's comm&1 us+ ! same = edification & n = de/ruction2 :i* m9i/]s %\ld be orda9$ also by su* bi%ops ^u pres5tation by ! patrons4 ,?is article conc$$ ! primacy ( ! ,pope & ! ecclesia/ical jurisdiction ( ! bi%ops4 ,! article ,( ,ord9ation decl>es3 ,also1 t1 z has be5 said1 ^u pres5tation by patrons1 m9i/]s %\ld h]eaft] be orda9$ ) ,*ri/ian c]emonies by su* bi%ops z adm9i/] _! episcopal (fice1 & t no "o %\ld be all[$ to be 9 ! m9i/ry unless1 z has be5 said1 he be pres5t$ by ! patrons & h ! p]mission ( ! bi%ops4 ,t 0 tantam\nt to a re/oration ( ! sacram5t ( episcopal ord9ation4 ,! ,int]im fur!rmore dem&$ ! imm$iate re9troduction ( aboli%$ c]emonies1 su* z exorcism & o!r c]emonies ( ,baptism1 confirmation by bi%ops1 auricul> confession1 extreme unction1 episcopal ord9ation1 & ! l4 ,we read3 ,t rep5tance1 confession1 & absolution1 & :at p]ta9s !reto1 be dilig5tly taught & prea*$2 t ! p confess to ! prie/s1 & receive ( !m absolution 9 ,god's /ead1 & be also dilig5tly admoni%$ & urg$ to pray]1 fa/+1 & almsgiv+2 also1 t no "o be admitt$ to ! highly v5]able ,sacram5t ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ 9 ?is indirect way only ! cup ( ! laity is ref]r$ to 9 ! ,int]im unless he h fir/ confess$ to ! prie/ & receiv$ ( him absolution4 ,aga93 ,al?\gh 9 ?is c\ntry ! unction ,extreme ,unction has n be5 9 use = _m ye>s1 yet 444 su* unction1 accord+ to ! apo/le1 may be h]eaft] obs]v$4 ,aga93 ,t h5ce=? ! mass be obs]v$ 9 ?is c\ntry ) r++ ( bells1 ) lights & vessels1 ) *ants1 ve/m5ts1 & c]emonies4 ,among ! holidays to be obs]v$ ! ,int]im m5tions also ,corpus ,*ri/i & ! fe/ivals ( ! holy ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,aga9 we read3 ,! images & pictures ( ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ & ( ! sa9ts may be also reta9$ 9 ! *ur*es4 ,aga93 ,9 ! *ur*es :]e ! canonical h\rs h be5 =m]ly obs]v$1 ! dev\t ,psalms %all be sung 9 *apt]s & t[ns at ! appo9t$ "t & on o!r high fe/ivals1 & also on ,sundays4 ,likewise1 t on ,fridays & ,saturdays1 z well z dur+ fa/s1 ! eat+ ( meat be ab/a9$ f & t ?is be obs]v$ z an ext]nal ord9ance at ! comm& ( ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y4 ,! clause1 t ?is be obs]v$1 etc41 0 reg>d$ by ,flacius & ,gallus z imply+ self-deception & hypocrisy on ! "p ( ! ,int]imi/s4 7,frank #d #gb4 #aai47 ,aga91 z to ! app>el ( prie/s1 t a di/9ction be obs]v$ betwe5 m9i/]s & secul> p]sons1 & t prop] rev]5ce be paid ! prie/ly e/ate4 ,! ,introduction ( ! ,int]im gives ! assurance t ! ,lu!rans w\ld obey ! ,emp]or & be f\nd dispos$ t[>d peace & unity4 ,! ,conclusion adds ! humble promise3 ,9 all o!r articles we are ready 444 9 a fri5dly & submissive mann] to conf] ) ,y\r ,belov$ & ,pr9cely ,graces1 & to settle our diff]5ces 9 a ,*ri/ian way4 7,c4 ,r4 #g1 #beh4 ,jacobs1 ,book ( ,concord1 #b1 #bfj47 #acg4 ,issue 9 ,adiaphori/ic ,controv]sy4 ,f ! passages quot$ x appe>s t ! ,leipzig ,int]im 0 inoculat$ ) ! g]ms ( _m controv]sies4 ,h[ev]1 :ile 9 ! beg9n+ its (f5sive doctr9al features 7 n fully & g5]ally recogniz$ & realiz$1 ! ,emp]or's dem& =1 & approval (1 ! ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig !ologian's re9troduction ( ! ,romi% c]emonies imm$iately creat$ an acute situation & a great commotion ev]y:]e4 ,! result+ !ological conflict p]ta9+ to ! latt] po9t 9 p>ticul> 0 call$ ! ,adiaphori/ic or ,int]imi/ic ,controv]sy4 ,&1 z expla9$ above1 ev5 aft] ! ,int]im _h become a dead lett] politically1 ?is controv]sy did n subside1 because its p>am\nt object 0 n m]ely to pass a correct judgm5t on pa/ ev5ts dur+ ! ,int]im1 nor ev5 to obta9 norms = simil> situations 9 ! future1 b1 above all1 to elim9ate f our ,*ur* ! _s ( indiff]5tism1 unionism1 & ( direct z well z indirect d5ial ( ! ,gospel-tru?4 ,accord+ly1 ! exact issue 9 ! ,adiaphori/ic ,controv]sy 03 ,may ,lu!rans1 "u conditions su* z prevail$ dur+ ! ,int]im1 :5 ! ,romani/s on pa9 ( p]secution & viol5ce dem&$ ! re9/itution ( aboli%$ papal c]emonies1 ev5 if ! c]emonies 9 "q be truly indiff]5t 9 !mselves1 submit ) a good consci5ce1 t is to say1 )\t d5y+ ! tru? & ,*ri/ian lib]ty1 )\t sanction+ ! errors ( ,romanism1 & )\t giv+ (f5se ei!r to ! enemies or to ! fri5ds ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 especially its weak memb]s8 ,?is 0 affirm$ by ! ,int]imi/s & d5i$ by _! oppon5ts4 #ach4 ,opposition to ! ,adiaphori/s4 ,prom95t among ! !ologians :o p>ticipat$ 9 ! controv]sy aga9/ ! ,adiaphori/s 7 ,flacius1 ,wig&1 ,gallus1 & o!rs1 :o 9 ,magdeburg op5$ a mo/ effective fire on ! au?ors1 sponsors1 & advocates ( ! ,int]im4 ,foll[+ are "s ( ! *ief publications :i* dealt ) ! que/ions involv$3 ,op9ion conc]n+ ! ,int]im1 by ,melan*?on1 ,june #af1 #aedh1 publi%$ by ,flacius )\t ! k ( ,melan*?on4--,report on ! ,int]im by ! ,!ologians ( ,meiss51 #aedh4--,t 9 ,^! ,dang]\s ,times 79 dies5 ges*w9d5 ,laeuft57 ,no?+ is to be ,*ang$ 9 ! ,*ur*es ( ,god 9 ,ord] to ,please ! ,devil & ! ,anti*ri/1 by ,john ,h]mann1 #aedh4 ,a ,lat9 edition ( ?is publication appe>$ #aedi1 m5tion+ ,flacius z its au?or4--,a ,brief ,report 7,e9 kurz] ,b]i*t7 on ! ,int]im f :i* ,"o may ,easily ,le>n ! ,doctr9e & ,_s ( ,t ,book1 #aedh4--;,a ,g5]al ,prote/ & ,writ ( ,compla9t 7,e9e geme9e ,prote/ation und ,klages*rift7 ( ,all ,pi\s ,*ri/ians aga9/ ! ,int]im & ,o!r ,s9i/] ,s*emes & ,cruel ,p]secutions by ! ,enemies ( ! ,gospel1 by ,john ,w>emund1 #aedh4 ,w>emund 0 a pseudonym = ,flacius4--,aga9/ ! ,int]im1 ,papal ,mass1 ,canon1 & ,ma/] ,eisleb51 #aeai4--;,aga9/ ! ,vile ,devil 7,wid] d5 s*no$5 ,teufel71 :o ,n[ ,aga9 ,trans=ms ,himself into an ,angel ( ,light1 i4e41 aga9/ ! ,new ,int]im1 by ,c>olus ,az>ias ,gotsburg5sis1 #aedi4 ,( ?is book1 too1 ,flacius 0 ! au?or4 7,preg] #a1 #fg47--;,apology 7,ents*uldigung7 ( ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illy4 to a ,c]ta9 ,pa/or1 #aedi4--,sev]al ,lett]s ( ! ,v5]able ,d4 ,m4 ,lu!r conc]n+ ! ,union ( ,*ri/ & ,belial1 ,writt5 #aecj to ! ,!ologians at ! ,diet 9 ,augsburg1 #aedi1 ) a preface by ,flacius4--,apology ( ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illy41 ,address$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,witt5b]g1 reg>d+ ! ,adiaphora1 #aedi4--,writ+ ( ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illy4 aga9/ a ,truly ,hea!n1 yea1 ,epicurean ,book ( ! ,adiaphori/s 79 :i* ! ,leipzig ,int]im is ,def5d$7 9 ,ord] to ,gu>d ,oneself aga9/ ! ,pres5t ,c\nt]feit]s ( ! ,true ,religion1 #aedi4--;,answ] ( ,magi/] ,nicolas ,gallus & ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illy4 to ! ,lett] ( ,"s ,prea*]s 9 ,meiss5 reg>d+ ! ,"q :e!r ,"o %\ld ,ab&on ,8 ,p>i% r ?an ,don ! ,cassock 7l9ea ve/is1 ,*orrock74--,aga9/ ! ,extract ( ! ,leipzig ,int]im1 or ! ,small ,int]im1 by ,flacius1 #aedi4--;,book conc]n+ ,true & ,false ,adiaphora 7,lib] de ,v]is et ,falsis ,adiaphoris71 9 :i* ! ,adiaphori/ic ,controv]sy is ,expla9$ ,almo/ 9 ,its ,entirety1 by ,flacius1 #aedi4 ,?is book1 :i* is mo/ frequ5tly quot$ & deals mo/ ?or\ghly ) ! que/ions involv$1 is f\nd 9 ,s*luesselburg's ,catalogus ,ha]eticorum #ac1 #aed;ff4--,an ,admonition 7,v]mahnung7 to be ,con/ant 9 ! ,confession ( ! ,tru?1 9 ,cross & ,pray]1 by ,flacius1 #aedi4--;,a ,*ri/ian ,admonition by ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illy4 to be ,con/ant 9 ! ,true1 ,pure ,religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession1 #aeej4--;,aga9/ ! ,alleg$ ,p[] & ,primacy ( ! ,pope1 ,useful to ,read at ,?is ,"t1 :5 ! ,:ole ,_w ,endeavors aga9 to ,place ! ,expell$ ,anti*ri/ into ! ,temple ( ,*ri/1 by ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illy4--,aga9/ ! ,evangeli/ ( ! ,holy ,*orrock1 ,d4 ,geitz ,major1 by ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illy41 #aeeb4--;,= a complete li/ ( ! writ+s ( ,flacius aga9/ ! ,int]im1 see ,preg]'s ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illyricus1 #b1 #edj ff4 ,ev5 ! titles ( ^! publications indicate t ! ,adiaphori/ic ,controv]sy did n lack viol5ce & virul5ce4 ,?is animosity aga9/ ! ,int]imi/s 0 *iefly due to ! fe> t _! policy w\ld f9ally lead to ! complete undo+ ( ! ,re=mation4 ,= :ile ,melan*?on /ill believ$ 9 & hop$ =1 an und]/&+ ) ! ,romani/s1 ,flacius saw ?r\gh _! s*emes & fully realiz$ ! imp5d+ dang]4 ,9 ! re9troduction ( ,ca?olic c]emonies :i* ,melan*?on reg>d$ z entirely h>mless1 ,flacius beheld no?+ b ! ent]+ w$ge1 :i* w\ld gradually be foll[$ by ! entire mass ( ,romi% errors & abuses & ! absolute dom9ance ( ,pope & ,emp]or ov] ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,! ob$i5ce dem&$ by ! ,emp]or1 said ,flacius1 consi/s 9 ?is1 t we ab&on our true doctr9e & adopt ! godless ,papacy4 ,9 all its details1 he expla9$1 ! ultimate purpose ( ! ,int]im is none o!r ?an ! ree/abli%m5t ( ,pop]y1 ( :i* ev5 su* seem+ly trifl+ matt]s z ! re9troduction ( ! ,*orrock 7l9ea ve/is7 7 b ! beg9n+1 z x 71 ! brea* 9 ! dam :i* 0 b\nd ultimately to result 9 a complete subm]sion ( ,lu!ranism4 7,frank #d1 #gd4 #gf4 #aai47 ,s9ce ! loyal ,lu!rans1 9 keep+ ) ! tea*+ ( ,lu!r & ! ,lu!ran ,confessions1 reg>d$ ! ,papacy z anti*ri/5dom1 !y c\ld n b abhor ! concessions made by ! ,int]imi/s z trea*]y aga9/ ! tru?4 ,f ! v outset ,flacius & ,gallus insi/$ t _! oppon5ts answ] ! "q1 :e!r ! ,pope ) 8 gov]nm5t is ! true ,anti*ri/ 9 ! ,*ur* z accord+ to ! ,^w ( ,god he has be5 publicly decl>$ to be 9 our *ur*es1 & :e!r he /ill %\ld & mu/ be reg>d$ & confess$ z su*4 ,& if ,lu!r's doctr9e 0 to /&1 h[1 !n1 !y argu$1 c\ld a union be effect$ betwe5 ! enemies ( ! ,gospel 7! ,anti*ri/ & 8 bi%ops7 & ! ,lu!rans )\t idolatry & d5ial ( ! religion ( ,*ri/8 7#ec4 #ajg47 ,on ! title-page ( 8 ,apology1 ( #aedi1 ,flacius decl>es3 ,! up%ot ( ! ,int]im is ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,papacy & ! in/allation ( ! ,anti*ri/ 9 ! temple ( ,*ri/1 ! enc\ragem5t ( ! wick$ to flaunt _! victory ov] ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ & to grieve ! godly1 likewise weak5+1 lead+ into d\bt1 sep>ation & innum]able (f5ses4 7,s*aff #a1 #cja47 ,reg>d+ ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ! ,pope & bi%ops by ! ,int]im1 ,flacius rem>k$3 ,m>k well1 "h ! w]ewolf 7,ba]wolf71 toge!r ) 8 fell[-wolves1 is plac$ ov] ! little flock ( ,*ri/4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no dang] :atev]2 =1 z is add$ 9 ! ,int]im3 ,! ,pope %\ld use 8 p[] n = de/ruction1 b = edification1 !y h c\nt$ ! %eep & comm&$ ! wolves to be g5tle4 ,9 my op9ion ?is is c]ta9ly a good adiaphoron to re/ore ,anti*ri/ to ! temple f :i* he has be5 expell$ by ! ,f+] ( ,god4 7,preg] #a1 #aia47 ,accord+ly1 burn+ ) %ame & indignation1 & trembl+ ) fe> = ! future ( ,lu!ranism1 ,flacius *>g$ ,melan*?on ) want ( fai? & ) treason aga9/ ! tru?1 & *>act]iz$ ! ,leipzig ,int]im z an unholy union ( ,*ri/ & ,belial1 ( light & d>kness1 ( ,*ri/ & ,anti*ri/4 ,:ile ,flacius ?us d5\nc$ ! ,int]im z well z its au?ors & abettors1 he at ! same "t admoni%$ & enc\rag$ ! ,lu!ran pa/ors to be /eadfa/ 9 confess+ ! tru?1 9 spite ( cross & p]secution1 & to /& by _! flocks z true %eph]ds4 ,t m9i/]1 he said1 :o d5ies or fails to confess ! tru?1 or :o yields to a tyrant1 des]ts 8 ,*ur*4 ,we mu/ n only confess ) our m\?s1 b by de$s & actions z well4 ,n ab&onm5t ( ! flock1 b suff]+ is ! be/ way to w9 ! victory ov] a tyrant4 ,flacius also e>ne/ly w>n$ ! p aga9/ yield+ to ! pr9ces & ackn[l$g+1 he>+1 & foll[+ _! own m9i/]s if !y advocat$ & introduc$ ! ,int]im4 ,moreov]1 he enc\rag$ bo? pa/ors & laym5 to resi/ ! tyranny ( pr9ces dem&+ ! re9/itution ( ! ,roman c]emonies4 ,a gov]nm5t1 said he 9 8 ,admonition1 no matt] :i*1 has n ! au?ority to =bid pa/or to prea* ! pure doctr9e4 ,:5 ! gov]nm5t p]secutes ! tru?1 we mu/ n yield1 no matt] :at ! consequ5ces may be4 ,*ri/ians w sacrifice ev]y?+ to a tyrannical pr9ce1 b n ! tru?1 n ! consolation ( div9e grace1 nor ! hope ( et]nal life4 7,frank #d1 #fh4 #aag47 #aci4 ,doctr9al ,position ( ,anti-,adiaphori/s4 ,! !ological position occupi$ by ! oppon5ts ( ! ,adiaphori/s may be summ>iz$ z foll[s3 ,c]emonies :i* ,god has nei!r comm&$ nor prohibit$ are adiaphora 7res m$iae1 ,mitteld+e7 & cet]is p>ibus 7o!r ?+s be+ equal71 may be obs]v$ or omitt$1 adopt$ or reject$4 ,h[ev]1 "u circum/ances te/+ "o's fai? !y may become a matt] ( pr9ciple & consci5ce4 ,su* is ! case :]ev] & :5ev] !y are dem&$ z necess>y1 or :5 _! introduction involves a d5ial ( ! tru?1 an admission ( error1 an infr+em5t ( ,*ri/ian lib]ty1 an enc\ragem5t ( errori/s & ( ! enemies ( ! ,*ur*1 a di%e>t5+ ( ! confessors ( ! tru?1 or an (f5se to ,*ri/ians1 especially ! weak4 ,su* conditions1 !y ma9ta9$1 prevail$ dur+ ! "t ( ! ,int]im1 :5 bo? ,pope & ,emp]or pla9ly decl>$ x to be _! object to ree/abli% ! ,romi% religion 9 ,lu!ran *ur*es2 :5 ! adoption ( ! ,int]im & ! re9/itution ( ! papal c]emonies 7 univ]sally reg>d$1 by ,ca?olics z well z ,prote/ants1 z ! beg9n+ ( j su* a ree/abli%m5t ( ! ,papacy2 :5 ! timid ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig !ologians1 in/ead ( boldly confess+ ! ,gospel & tru/+ to ,god = ! protection ( ,8 ,*ur*1 compromis$ ! tru? & yield$ to ! dem&s ( ! ,romani/s 9 ord] to escape p]secution :5 ! consci5ces ( ,lu!rans 7 p]plex$ & confus$ :]ev] ! aboli%$ rites 7 re9/itut$4 ,accord+ly1 !y decl>$ t "u ! prevail+ circum/ances ! re9troduction ( ! ,romi% c]emonies 0 no?+ %ort ( a d5ial ( ,*ri/ian fai? & ( ,*ri/ian love z well4 ,flacius1 9 p>ticul>1 ma9ta9$ t "u ! prevail+ circum/ances ev5 su* c]emonies z 7 9 !mselves true adiaphora ceas$ to be adiaphora & c\ld n be re9troduc$ ) a good consci5ce1 because !y 7 =c$ ^u ! ,lu!rans by ! enemies ( ! ,gospel1 because !y 7 accept$ = repreh5sible reasons1 su* z fe> ( p]secution & desire = ext]nal peace1 & because _! re9troduction conf\nd$ ! consci5ces1 (f5d$ ! weak1 & gave com=t & enc\ragem5t to ! enemies ( ,*ri/4 ,! p1 ,prote/ants z well z ,ca?olics1 said ,flacius1 w\ld reg>d su* re9troduction bo? z an admission on ! "p ( ! ,lu!rans t !y _h be5 9 ! wrong & ! ,romani/s 9 ! "r1 & z ! beg9n+ ( a g5]al re/oration ( ! ,papacy4 ,expla9 ! re9troduction ( ! c]emonies z pi\sly z y may1 said he to ! ,int]imi/s1 ! common p1 especially ! ,romani/s1 always impress$ by c]emonies mu* m ?an by ! doctr9e1 w inf] t ^? tea*]s :o re9troduce ! c]emonies approve ( ! ,papacy 9 e respect & reject ! ,evangelical doctr9e4 ,9 8 book ,de ,v]is et ,falsis ,adiaphoris we read3 ,adv]s>ii totum suum cultum1 vel c]te praecipua capita suae religionis 9 c]emoniis collocant1 quas cum 9 no/ris ecclesiis 9 eorum gratiam re/ituimus1 an non videmur tum eis1 tum aliis eorum impiis cultibus ass5tiri8 ,nec dubitant1 qu9 qu&oquidem 9 tantis rebus ipsis cess]imus1 etiam 9 reliquis cessuri simus1 no/rum errorem agnoscamus1 eorumque religionem v]am esse confiteamur4 7,s*luesselburg #ac1 #bag47 ,accord+ly1 ,flacius cont5d$ t "u ! prevail+ circum/ances a concession to ! ,romani/s1 ev5 9 c]emonies h>mless 9 !mselves1 0 tantam\nt to a d5ial ( ,lu!ranism4 ,! entire argum5t ( ! ,anti-,adiaphori/s 0 by him r$uc$ to ! foll[+ pr9ciple or axiom3 ,nihil e/ adiaphoron 9 casu confessionis et sc&ali4 ,no?+ is an adiaphoron :5 confession & (f5se are involv$4 ,& :]ev] ! ,int]im 0 en=c$1 ! consequ5ces =etold by ,flacius %[$ !mselves3 consci5ces 7 confus$1 simple ,*ri/ians 7 (f5d$1 & ! enemies 7 /r5g!n$ 9 _! error & embold5$ 9 _! attacks & 9 fur!r dem&s made ^u ! ,lu!rans4 #adj4 ,sophi/ries ( ,adiaphori/s ,refut$4 ,! ,witt5b]g ,int]imi/s endeavor$ to ju/ify _! attitude by a s]ies ( sophisms to :i* !y also adh]$ 9 ! ,f9al ,report 7,endli*] ,b]i*t7 ( ! ,!ologians ( ,bo? ,univ]sities ( ,leipzig & ,witt5b]g1 #aegj4 7,frank #d1 #hg4 #b47 ,by adopt+ ! ,int]im1 ! ,witt5b]g]s1 9 reality1 _h ass5t$ also to doctr9ally false & dubi\s /atem5ts & to a numb] ( c]emonies objectionable z su*4 ,yet !y plead$ ! guilelessness ( _! int5tions & ! h>mlessness ( _! proc$ure4 ,!y ma9ta9$ t !y _h yield$ m]ely 9 m9or matt]s & c]emonies1 :i* 7 nei!r comm&$ nor prohibit$ by ! ,^w ( ,god2 t ?is 0 done 9 ord] to pres]ve intact ! c5tral ,*ri/ian tru? ( ju/ification2 to pres]ve political peace & to save ! ,*ur* f ru92 to protect ! weak1 ^: %\ld]s 7 n /rong en\gh to suff] p]secution2 t 9 _! concessions !y _h be5 guid$ by ! dictates ( true wisdom1 :i* always *ooses ! less] ( two evils2 & t 9 all ?is !y _h m]ely foll[$ ! example set by ,lu!r himself4 ,!y m9imiz$ ! entire affair1 & endeavor$ to expla9 away ! s]i\sness ( ! situation4 ,9 p>ticul> !y ridicul$ ,flacius = %\t+ & s\nd+ ! fire-al>m :5 9 reality1 !y said1 he _h discov]$ no?+ b a little smoke com+ f a ,witt5b]g *imney4 ,b 9 ! e>s ( all g5u9e & e>ne/ ,lu!rans _! sophi/ries & apologies rang nei!r true nor s9c]e4 ,! argum5ts :i* !y employ$ m]ely s]v$ to defeat _! own purpose4 ,:at else1 = example1 ?an disgu/1 indignation1 & di/ru/ c\ld be ! effect on all hone/ ,lu!rans :5 ! ,witt5b]g !ologians1 di%one/ly veil+ ! real facts1 decl>$ 9 _! (ficial ,exposition ( #aeei 7:5 dang] ( p]secution _h pass$ long ago7 conc]n+ ! re9troduction ( ,corpus ,*ri/i t !y _h re9troduc$ ?is fe/ival all ! m readily 9 ord] t !y might be able to in/ruct ! p 9 ! "r use ( ! ,sacram5t & 9 ! horrible abuses & pr(anations ( ! mo/ holy ,supp] ( ! ,"l 9 ! circumge/ation & adoration ( ! bread :i* _! critics ! ,lu!ran oppon5ts ( ! ,int]imi/s1 by _! doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] /r5g!n$ & t !y might ?ank ,god = ! purification ( ! temple f ! ,romi% idol ,maozim1 ,dan4 #aa1 #ch4 7,ts*ack]t1 #eaj47 ,frank rem>ks3 ,"o mu/ see ?is passage black on :ite 9 ord] to believe ! ,witt5b]g]s really capable ( /ultify+ !mselves 9 su* an incr$ible mann]4 ,x is a mon/rosity1 a def5se unwor?y ( an hone/ man1 let alone an ,evangelical ,*ri/ian4 7#d1 #fa4 #aac47 ,! weak & ins9c]e argum5ts ( ! ,adiaphori/s 7 ?or\ghly & conv9c+ly refut$ by _! oppon5ts4 ,to ! ass]tion ( ! ,witt5b]g]s t ! dispute 0 conc]n+ m]e unimportant c]emonies :i* 7 nei!r comm&$ nor prohibit$ by ,god1 ,flacius & ,gallus repli$ 79 _! answ] to ! "q ( ! m9i/]s ( ,meiss5 :e!r !y %\ld leave _! *>ges r ?an don ! ,*orrock1 l9eam ve/em indu]e7 t ev5 ) respect to su* seem+ly mo/ trifl+ adiaphora z ! cope 7,*orrock1 ve/is alba7 "o mu/ n ov]look :at is atta*$ to x4 ,we d n believe1 !y said1 t ! robb] w let ! travel] keep 8 money1 al?\gh fir/ he only asks = 8 coat or simil> ?+s1 at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 n obscurely h9t+ t1 aft] hav+ tak5 ^!1 he w also dem& ! re/4 ,we c]ta9ly d n d\bt t y y\rselves1 z well z all m5 end[$ ) a s\nd m9d1 believe t1 s9ce ! beg9n+ is always h>de/1 ^! small beg9n+s ( *anges are at pres5t dem&$ only t a door may be op5$ = all ! o!r impieties t are to foll[--quod tantum ideo p>va i/a mutationum initia iam proponantur1 ut quia pr9cipia semp] sunt dificillima p] ea aditus reliquis omnibus secuturis impietatibus patefiat4 7,s*luesselburg #ac1 #fdd47 ,! ,adiaphori/s pret5d$ t !y _h cons5t$ to ! ,int]im 9 ! int]e/ ( ! weak1 :o 7 unable to be> p]secution4 ,b ! ,lu!rans answ]$ t weak ,*ri/ians c\ld n be /r5g!n$ 9 _! fai? by tea*+ & p]suad+ !m to d5y x & t ! enemies & p]secutors ( ! ,gospel c\ld c]ta9ly n be reg>d$ z weak4 7,frank #d1 #gh47 ,! prote/ations ( ! ,adiaphori/s t !y _h made ! *anges 9 c]emonies ) ! v be/ ( int5tions 7 answ]$ by ,flacius 9 ,de ,v]is et ,falsis ,adiaphoris z foll[s3 ,h>dly ev] has a ,*ri/ian d5i$ ,*ri/ )\t endeavor+ to deceive bo? ,god & himself z to 8 motives4 ,b "o mu/ also consid]1 z may be cle>ly %[n f #a ,cor4 #aj1 ) :at design 7quo animo7 ! adv]s>ies propose su* ?+s to u1 likewise1 h[ !y z well z o!rs int]pret our act4 7,s*l4 #ac1 #bag47 ,ev5 ?\gh ! int5tion ( ^? :o receive & use ! adiaphora be n an evil "o1 ! "q is1 said ,m>t9 ,*emnitz 9 8 ,iudicium de ,adiaphoris1 :e!r ! op9ion ( ! "o :o comm&s1 imposes1 & dem&s ! adiaphora is impi\s or wick$1 :e!r su* reception & obs]vation is int]pret$ & und]/ood z a turn+ away f ! confession ( ! true doctr9e1 & :e!r ! weak are (f5d$ & gr[ fa9t !reby4 7#gag47 ,to ! claims ( ! ,int]imi/s t !y 7 b foll[+ ! example ( ,lu!r1 :o1 = ! sake ( ! weak1 _h tol]at$ ,romi% c]emonies1 etc41 ! ,lu!rans repli$3 ,di/+ui% times & conditions6 ,lu!r 0 deal+ ) ,*ri/ians :o 9 _! consci5ces /ill felt b\nd to ! ,roman usages1 :ile ! weakness spok5 ( by ,adiaphori/s is n an err+ consci5ce1 b fe> ( p]secution4 ,moreov] ,lu!r tol]at$ exi/+ ,romi% c]emonies z long z !re 0 hope ( arriv+ at an agreem5t ) ! ,romani/s 9 doctr9e1 :ile ! ,adiaphori/s re9/itute c]emonies :i* h be5 aboli%$1 & ?is1 too1 9 def]5ce & ob$i5ce to irreconcilable adv]s>ies ( ! tru?4 ,accord+ly1 ,lu!r's attitude 9 ?is matt] fl[$ f pure love = tru? & f compassion ) ! weak1 :om he endeavor$ to w9 = ! tru?1 :ile ! submission ( ! ,adiaphori/s to ! dem&s ( _! adv]s>ies is no?+ %ort ( un*ri/ian d5ial ( bo? true love & fai?4 7,frank #d1 #ee47 ,br5z decl>$3 ,adiaphora ex suis conditionibus iudic&a sunt4 ,adiaphora mu/ be judg$ f _! conditions4 ,= if ! condition is good1 ! adiaphoron1 too1 is good1 & its obs]vance is comm&$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! condition is evil1 ! adiaphoron1 too1 is evil1 & ! obs]vance ( x is prohibit$4 7,s*l4 #ac1 #efb47 ,fur!rmore1 :5 ! ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig !ologians ma9ta9$ t1 9 pref]r+ ! less] evil 7! ,roman c]emonies7 to ! great] 7p]secution71 !y _h m]ely li/5$ to1 & foll[$1 ! voice ( true wisdom1 ! ,lu!rans repli$ t moral evils mu/ n be plac$ on a level ) physical evils1 nor guilt be incurr$ 9 ord] to avoid suff]+ & p]secution4 ,we/phal decl>$ 9 8 ,explicatio ,g5]alis ,s5t5tiae1 quod a ,duobus ,malis ,m9us sit ,elig5dum3 ,impium e/1 amoliri p]icula p] peccata1 nec ita remov5tur aut m9uuntur s$ acc]suntur et aug5tur po5ae4 ,x is wick$ to av]t dang]s by s9s1 nor are !y remov$ or dim9i%$ 9 ?is way1 b r sup]9duc$ & increas$4 7#ac1 #bea47 ,x is bett] to take ^u oneself puni%m5ts & great dang]s ?an to (f5d ,god & to provoke ,8 wra? by su* (f5se4 7#bej47 ,x is bett] & easi] to be> _m evils & to und]go _m dang]s ?an to be unfai?ful 9 ! lea/ comm&m5t ( ,god1 & burd5 oneself ) ! guilt ( ev5 a s+le s94 7#bea47 ,our p>am\nt duty is n to escape p]secution1 b to reta9 a good consci5ce4 ,obey ! ,"l & await ,8 help6 ,su* 0 ! c\nsel ( ,flacius & ! loyal ,lu!rans4 7,frank #d1 #fe47 ,b our ,witt5b]g s*ool w be clos$1 our *ur*es w be desolat$1 & our prea*]s w be bani%$1 exclaim$ ! fa9t-he>t$ ,witt5b]g]s4 ,! ,lu!rans answ]$3 ,x is our duty to confess ! tru? reg>dless ( consequ5ces1 &1 at ! same "t1 to look to ,god = ! protection ( ,8 ,*ur*4 ,flacius said1 9 ,de ,v]is et ,falsis ,adiaphoris3 ,confess ! tru? & suff] ! consequ5ces6 ,a ,*ri/ian _c obta9 peace by (f5d+ ,god & s]v+ & satisfy+ tyrants4 ,r be dr[n$ by ! ,spani>ds 9 ! ,elbe ) a mill/one ab\t "o's neck ?an (f5d a ,*ri/ian1 d5y ! tru?1 & surr5d] ! ,*ur* to ,satan4 ,longe satius esset te/e ,*ri/o pati1 ut alligata mola as9>ia 9 m$ium ,albis ab ,hispanis proiic]emur1 quam unicum p>vulum ,*ri/i sc&aliz>emus1 multo v]o magis haec et quaevis gravissima pati deb]emus1 quam tam inf9itis 7ut iam fit7 ,*ri/i p>vulis (f5diculum d>emus1 ecclesiam ,satanae prod]emus et salvificam confessionem v]itatis abiic]emus4 7,s*l4 #ac1 #bbg47 ,z to ! ,witt5b]g ,s*ool1 ,flacius said3 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly be bett] t ! s*ool 7 clos$ n "o1 b _m ye>s ?an t we1 by avoid+ confession1 extremely weak5 our own religion z well z /r5g!n ! "o oppos$ to x4 7#ac1 #bca47 ,z = myself1 ,i d n d\bt t1 if only ! !ologians _h be5 /eadfa/1 ! ,witt5b]g ,s*ool w\ld h be5 to-day mu* firm] ?an x is4444 ,! ,int]im sprang f ! timidity ( ! ,witt5b]g !ologians4444 ,ev5 a ?\s& ,witt5b]g s*ools ought c]ta9ly n to be valu$ s highly by pi\s m5 t1 9 ord] to pres]ve !m unimpair$1 !y w\ld r suff] ! _w to be depriv$ ( ! light ( ! ,gospel4 ,c]te non tanti mille ,witt5b]g5ses s*olae piis esse deb5t1 ut propt] e>um incolumitatem vel9t pati orbem t]r>um ,evangelii luce priv>i4 7#bcb47 ,9 a lett] to ,melan*?on1 writt5 9 ! beg9n+ ( #aedi1 ,br5z said3 ,if !re=e ! ,*ur* & pi\s m9i/]s _c be pres]v$ 9 any o!r way ?an by br++ reproa* ^u ! pi\s doctr9e1 !n let u comm5d !m to ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god2 ,he w take c>e ( !m2 & 9 ! mean "t let u pati5tly be> our bani%m5t & wait = ! ,"l4 7,c4 ,r4 #g1 #bij47 ,june #cj1 #aecj1 ,lu!r _h writt5 to ,melan*?on1 :o 0 !n 9 ,augsburg3 ,y want to gov]n ?+s accord+ to y\r philosophy2 y torm5t y\rself & d n see t ?is matt] is n )9 y\r p[] & wisdom4444 ,if we fall1 ,*ri/1 t is to say1 ! ,rul] ( ! _w1 falls ) u2 & ev5 ?\gh ,he %\ld fall1 ,i w\ld r fall ) ,*ri/ ?an /& ) ! ,emp]or4 ,?is passage is conta9$ 9 "o ( ! lett]s ( ,lu!r :i* ,flacius publi%$ #aedh 9 ord] to dispel ,melan*?on's timidity1 r\se 8 ,lu!ran consci\sness1 & cure him ( 8 va9 & mo/ dang]\s disposition to save ! ,*ur* by human wisdom & %rewdness1 in/ead (1 z ,lu!r believ$1 solely by a bold confession ( ! tru? ( ,god's ,^w4 #ada4 ,!ological ,attitude ( ,flacius ,sanction$4 ,! !ological position :i* ,flacius & 8 fell[-combatants occupi$ ov] aga9/ ! ,adiaphori/s 0 embodi$ 9 ! ,t5? ,article ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 & ?us endors$ by ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* z a :ole4 ,frank says conc]n+ ?is mo/ excell5t article :i* our ,*ur* owes to ! fai?fulness ( ! ,anti-,melan*?onians1 notably ,flacius3 ,! !ses :i* receiv$ *ur*ly recognition 9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord 7 ^? ( ,flacius4 ,! entire matt]1 too1 conc]n+ ! adiaphora _h be5 discuss$ s ?or\ghly & correctly t ! subsequ5t =mulation & recognition ( ! ,t5? ,article caus$ b little difficulties4 7,frank #d1 #c;f47 ,ev5 ,melan*?on1 ?\gh refus+ to confess t he 0 guilty ( any doctr9al deviations1 f9ally yield$ to ! argum5ts ( 8 oppon5ts & admitt$ t !y 7 "r 9 tea*+ z !y did reg>d+ ! adiaphora4 ,9 8 fam\s lett] to ,flacius 7:o1 h[ev]1 0 n satisfi$ ) ! mann] ( ,melan*?on's retraction71 dat$ ,septemb] #e1 #aeef1 he wrote ) respect to ! ,adiaphori/ic ,controv]sy3 ,i knew t ev5 ! lea/ *anges 9 c]emonies w\ld be unwelcome to ! p4 ,h[ev]1 s9ce ! doctr9e 8 0 reta9$1 ,i w\ld r h our p submit to ?is s]vitude ?an =sake ! m9i/ry ( ! ,gospel4 ,cum doctr9a ret9]etur integra1 malui no/ros hanc s]vitutem subire quam des]]e m9i/]ium evangelii4 ,& ,i confess t ,i h giv5 ! same advice to ! ,francans 7,francis74 ,?is ,i h done2 ! doctr9e ( ! ,confession ,i h nev] *ang$4444 ,aft]w>ds y began to contradict4 ,i yield$2 ,i did n fight4 ,9 ,hom]1 ,ajax fight+ ) ,hector is satisfi$ :5 ,hector yields & admits t ! =m] is victor4 ,y nev] come to an end ) y\r accusations4 ,:]e is ! enemy t does su* a ?+ z /rik+ ^? :o yield & ca/ _! arms away8 ,w96 ,i yield4 ,i d n cont5d conc]n+ ^? rites1 & ,i mo/ e>ne/ly wi% t ! *ur*es w\ld enjoy sweet concord4 ,i also admit t ,i h s9n$ 9 ?is matt]1 & ask =giv5ess ( ,god1 t ,i did n flee f> f ^? insidi\s delib]ations 9 :i* ! ,int]im 0 fram$4 ,fateor hoc 9 re a me peccatum esse1 et a ,deo v5iam peto1 quod non procul fugi insidiosas illas delib]ationes4 7,c4 ,r4 #h1 #hci47 ,on ,janu>y #ag1 #aeeg1 ,melan*?on wrote to ! ,saxon pa/ors3 ,i 0 drawn into ! insidi\s delib]ations ( ! c\rts4 ,!re=e1 if 9 any way ,i h ei!r fall5 or be5 too weak1 ,i ask =giv5ess ( ,god & ( ! ,*ur*1 & ,i %all submit to ! judgm5ts ( ! ,*ur*4 7#i1 #fa47 ,9 ! ,=mula ,cons5sus1 writt5 by ,melan*?on at ,worms1 9 #aeeg1 ! ,int]im is expressly condemn$4 ,= "h we read3 ,) ! help ( ,god we reta91 & %all reta91 ! entire doctr9e ( ju/ification1 agree+ ) ! ,augsburg ,confession & ) ! confessions :i* 7 publi%$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,hamburg aga9/ ! book call$ ,int]im4 ,nor d we want any corruptions or ambiguities to be mix$ ) x2 & we desire mo/ e>ne/ly t ! true doctr9e 9 all its articles be set =?1 z f> z possible1 9 id5tical & prop] =ms ( spee*1 & t ambiti\s innovations be avoid$4 7#i1 #cfi47 ,! ,frankfurt ,recess ( #aeeh1 also writt5 by ,melan*?on & sign$ by ! pr9ces1 ma9ta9s3 ,:]e ! true ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! holy ,gospel is pollut$ or p]secut$1 !re ! adiaphora z well z o!r c]emonies are detrim5tal & injuri\s4 7#i1 #eja47 ,,xiii4 ,! ,majori/ic ,controv]sy4 #adb4 ,e>ly ,orig9 ( ,?is ,error4 ,?\gh n p]sonally m5tion$ & attack$ by ! oppon5ts ( ,majorism1 ,melan*?on mu/ be reg>d$ z ! real fa!r also ( ?is controv]sy4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to introduce & to cultivate ! phrase3 ,good works are necess>y to salvation4 ,9 8 ,loci ( #aece he taught t1 9 ! article ( ju/ification1 good works are ! causa s9e qua non & are necess>y to salvation1 ad vitam aet]nam1 ad salutem4 7,h]zog1 ,r4 ,e41 #aijc1 #ab1 #eai2 ,galle1 ,melan*?on1 #cde4 #acd47 ,melan*?on def9$3 ,causa s9e qua non works no?+1 nor is x a con/itu5t "p b m]ely some?+ )\t :i* ! effect does n occur1 or by :i*1 if x 7 n pres5t1 ! work+ cause w\ld be h9d]$ because x 0 n add$4 ,causa s9e qua non nihil agit1 nec e/ p>s con/itu5s1 s$ tantum e/ quiddam1 s9e quo non fit effectus1 seu quo1 si non adesset1 imp$iretur ag5s1 ideo quia illud non accessisset4 7,preg] #a1 #cef47 ,accord+ to ,melan*?on1 !re=e1 ju/ification _c occur )\t ! pres5ce ( good works4 ,he expla9$3 ,et tam5 bona op]a ita necess>ia sunt ad vitam aet]nam1 quia sequi reconciliationem necess>io deb5t4 ,nev]!less good works are necess>y to et]nal life1 inasmu* z !y mu/ necess>ily foll[ reconciliation4 7,c4 ,r4 #ba1 #dbi4 #gge47 ,accord+ to ! context 9 :i* x is f\nd1 ?is /atem5t includes t good works are necess>y also to ju/ification2 = ,melan*?on1 too1 correctly held t ! adoption to et]nal life or ! gift ( et]nal life 0 connect$ ) ju/ification1 t is1 ! reconciliation imp>t$ to fai?4 7#dec47 ,at ,witt5b]g ,melan*?on's ef=ts to introduce ! new =mula met ) en]getic opposition1 especially on ! "p ( ,cordatus & ,amsdorf4 ,! =mula3 ,bona op]a non quidem esse causam effici5tem salutis1 s$ tam5 causam s9e qua non--,good works are inde$ n ! effici5t cause ( salvation1 b nev]!less an indisp5sable cause1 a necess>y antec$5t1 0 laun*$ 9 a lecture deliv]$ ,july #bd1 #aecf1 by a devot$ pupil ( ,melan*?on1 ,casp> ,crucig]1 ,sr4 born at ,leipzig1 ,janu>y #a1 #aejd2 pr(essor 9 ,witt5b]g2 assi/$ ,lu!r 9 translat+ ! ,bible & 9 tak+ d[n 8 lectures & s]mons2 pres5t at colloquies 9 ,m>burg #aebi1 9 ,witt5b]g #aecf1 9 ,smalcald #aecg1 9 ,worms & ,hag5au #aedj 9 ,reg5sburg #aeda1 9 ,augsburg #aedh2 di$ ,novemb] #af1 #aedh4 ,accord+ to ,ratzeb]g]1 ,crucig] _h dictat$3 ,bona op]a requiri ad salutem tamquam causam s9e qua non4 ,cordatus reports ,crucig]'s dictation z foll[s3 ,tantum ,*ri/us e/ causa propt] quem2 int]im tam5 v]um e/1 hom9es ag]e aliquid oport]e2 oport]e nos hab]e contritionem et deb]e ,v]bo erig]e consci5tiam1 ut fidem concipiamus1 ut no/ra contritio et no/] conatus sunt causae iu/ificationis s9e quibus non--our contrition & our endeavor are causes ( ju/ification )\t :i* x does n take place4 7#c1 #cej47 ,cordatus imm$iately attack$ ! new =mula z false4 ,i "k1 said he1 t ?is duality ( causes _c /& ) ! simple article ( ju/ification4 7#c1 #cej47 ,he dem&$ a public retraction f ,crucig]4 ,be=e long ,amsdorf also ent]$ ! fray4 ,septemb] #ad1 #aecf1 he wrote to ,lu!r ab\t ! new-fangl$ tea*+ ( ,melan*?on1 t works are necess>y to et]nal life4 7#c1 #afb2 ,lu!r1 ,/4 ,l4 #ba;b1 #dajd47 ,press$ by ,cordatus1 ,crucig] f9ally admitt$ t ,melan*?on 0 back ( ! phrases he _h dictat$4 ,he decl>$ t he 0 ! pupil ( ,mr4 ,philip2 t ! entire dictation 0 ,mr4 ,philip's2 t by him he _h be5 l$ into ?is matt]2 & t he did n "k h[ x happ5$4 ,se esse ,d4 ,philippi discipulum1 et dictata omnia esse ,d4 ,philippi1 se ab eo 9 illam rem traductum1 et nescire quomodo4 tr4 note3 no op5+ quotation m>k 9 orig9al 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #afb47 ,t ,melan*?on _h be5 mak+ ef=ts to introduce ! new phrases 9 ,witt5b]g appe>s f ! passage 9 8 ,loci ( #aece quot$ above1 & especially f 8 lett]s ( ! two foll[+ ye>s4 ,novemb] #e1 #aecf1 he wrote to ,veit ,dietri*3 ,cordatus incites ! city1 its neighborhood1 & ev5 ! ,c\rt aga9/ me because 9 ! explanation ( ! controv]sy on ju/ification ,i h said t new ob$i5ce is necess>y to salvation1 novam ob$i5tiam necess>iam esse ad salutem4 7#ahe4 #agi47 ,may #af1 #aecg1 ,veit ,dietri* wrote to ,=e/]3 ,our ,cordatus1 driv51 ,i "k n1 by :at furies1 writes aga9/ ,philip & ,crucig] z aga9/ h]etics1 & is det]m9$ to =ce ,crucig] to retract because he has said t good works are necess>y to salvation4444 ,?is matt] worries ,philip v mu*1 & if c]ta9 malici\s m5 d n control !mselves1 he ?reat5s to leave4 7#cgb47 ,z = ,melan*?on1 he made no ef=ts to %irk ! responsibility = ,crucig]'s dictation4 ,lib5t] totam rem 9 me transf]o--,i *e]fully transf] ! entire affair to myself he wrote ,april #ae1 #aecg4 ,yet he 0 worri$ mu* m ?an 8 words seem to indicate4 7#cdb47 ,compla9ts aga9/ ! innovations ( ,melan*?on & ,crucig] 7 also lodg$ ) ,lu!r by ,cordatus1 ,amsdorf1 & ,/iefel4 ,cordatus reports ,lu!r z say+ aft] ! matt] _h be5 relat$ to him1 ,octob] #bd1 #aecf3 ,?is is ! v !ology ( ,erasmus1 nor c any?+ be m oppos$ to our doctr9e4 ,haec e/ ipsissima !ologia ,erasmi1 neque pote/ quidquam no/rae doctr9ae esse magis adv]sum4 ,to say t new ob$i5ce is ! causa s9e qua non--s9e qua non cont+it vita aet]na1 ,lu!r decl>$1 0 tantam\nt to tread+ ,*ri/ & ,8 blood "u our feet4 ,crucig] autem haec1 quae publice dictavit1 publice revocabit4 ,:at he has publicly dictat$1 ,crucig] %all publicly retract4 7,kolde1 ,analecta1 #bff47 ,accord+ to ,ratzeb]g]1 ,lu!r imm$iately w>n$ & c5sur$ ,crucig] 9 sev]e t]ms4 7,c4 ,r4 #d1 #ajch47 ,flacius reports t ,lu!r _h publicly decl>$ m ?an five times3 ,propositionem3 ,bona op]a esse necess>ia ad salutem1 volumus damnatam1 abrogatam1 ex ecclesiis et s*olis no/ris p5itus explosam4 7,s*luesselburg #g1 #efg47 ,aft] 8 return f ,smalcald1 :]e he _h express$ grave fe>s z to ! future doctr9al s\ndness ( 8 ,witt5b]g colleagues1 ,lu!r1 9 a public disputation on ,june #a1 #aecg explod$ & condemn$ ! tea*+ t good works are necess>y to salvation1 or necess>y to salvation z a causa s9e qua non4 7,lehre u4 ,wehre #aijh1 #fe47 ,bo? p>ties 7 pres5t at ! disputation1 ,cordatus z well z ,melan*?on & ,crucig]4 ,9 a lett] to ,veit ,dietri*1 ,june #bg1 #aecg1 ,crucig] reports3 ,lu!r ma9ta9$ t new ob$i5ce is an effect necess>ily foll[+ ju/ification1 b he reject$ ! /atem5t3 ,new ob$i5ce is necess>y to salvation1 necess>iam ad salutem4 ,he adds3 ,male hoc habuit no/rum ,melan*?on1 s$ noluit eam rem porro agit>e4 ,melan*?on 0 displeas$ ) ?is1 b he did n wi% to agitate ! matt] any fur!r4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #che47 ,aft] ! disputation ,crucig] 0 h&$ an anonym\s note1 say+ t 8 ,treatise on ,timo?y 0 n[ br&$ z h]etical1 sacrilegi\s1 impi\s1 & blasphem\s 7ha]etica1 sacrilega1 impia et blasphema71 & unless he retract$1 he w\ld h to be reg>d$ z a ,papi/1 a tea*] & s]vant ( ,satan & n ( ,*ri/1 & t 8 dictations w\ld be publi%$4 7#chg47 ,9 a lett] to ,dietri*1 ,crucig] rem>ks t ,lu!r _h disapprov$ ( ?is anonym\s writ+1 b he adds3 ,i c't see :y he ,lu!r gives s mu* enc\ragem5t to ,cordatus4 7#che47 ,9 private1 ,lu!r repeat$ly discuss$ ?is matt] also ) ,melan*?on4 ,?is appe>s f _! ,disputation ( #aecf on ! "q3 ,:e!r ?is proposition is true3 ,! righte\sness ( works is necess>y to salvation4 7,e4 #eh1 #cec47 ,9 a lett] to ,dietri* ( ,june #bb1 #aecg1 ,melan*?on1 9 sub/ance1 ref]s z foll[s to 8 discussions ) ,lu!r3 ,i am desir\s ( ma9ta9+ ! unity ( ! ,witt5b]g ,academy2 9 ?is matt] ,i also employ "s art2 nor does ,lu!r seem to be inimical2 ye/]day he spoke to me 9 a v k9d mann] on ! que/ions rais$ by ,quadratus ,cordatus4 ,:at a spectacle if ! ,lu!rans w\ld oppose ea* o!r z ! ,cadmean bre?r56 ,i w !re=e modify :atev] ,i c4 ,yet ,i desire a m ?or\gh exposition ( ! doctr9es ( pr$e/9ation1 ( ! cons5t ( ! w1 ( ! necessity ( our ob$i5ce1 & ( ! s9 unto dea?4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #chc47 ,a numb] ( private lett]s writt5 by ,melan*?on dur+ & imm$iately aft] 8 conflict ) ,cordatus1 h[ev]1 reveal mu* animosity1 n only aga9/ ,cordatus1 b aga9/ ,lu!r z well4 ,nor d ^? writt5 aft] ,lu!r's disputation1 ,june #a1 #aecg1 indicate t he 0 !n fully cur$ ( 8 error4 7#ceg4 #cib4 #djg47 ,moreov]1 9 8 ,loci ( #aech we read3 ,et tam5 haec nova spiritualis ob$i5tia 7nova spiritualitas7 necess>ia e/ ad vitam aet]nam4 ,& nev]!less ?is new spiritual ob$i5ce is necess>y to et]nal life4 7#ba1 #dbi47 ,evid5tly1 !n1 ,melan*?on did n grasp ! matt]1 & 0 n conv9c$ ( ! incorrectness ( 8 phraseology4 ,yet he made x a po9t to avoid & elim9ate f 8 publications ! obnoxi\s =mula3 ,bona op]a necess>ia esse ad salutem4 ,at any rate1 8 essay on ,ju/ification & ,good ,works1 ( ,octob] #aecg1 z well z subsequ5t publications ( 81 d n conta9 x4 ,9 ! ,loci ( #aech1 j ref]r$ to1 he replac$ ! words bona op]a by ! phrase ob$i5tia haec nova spiritualis1--inde$1 a purely v]bal r ?an a doctr9al *ange4 ,nor did x reappe> ev5 9 ! ,v>iata ( #aedj4 ,9 #aeda1 at ,reg5sburg1 ,melan*?on cons5t$ to ! =mula t we are ju/ifi$ by a liv+ & efficaci\s fai?--iu/ific>i p] fidem vivam et efficacem4 ,b :5 ,lu!r delet$ ! words et efficacem1 & efficaci\s1 ,melan*?on acquiesc$4 7#d1 #dii47 ,9 ! ,loci ( #aedc he expung$ ! app5dix ad salutem1 to salvation4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 he reta9$ ! error 9 a m disguis$ =m1 viz41 t good works are necess>y to reta9 fai?4 ,= among ! reasons :y good works are necess>y he "h enum]ates also ! necessity ( reta9+ ! fai?1 s9ce ! ,holy ,_s is expell$ & griev$ :5 s9s aga9/ ! consci5ce are admitt$4 7#ba1 #gge47 #adc4 ,=mula ,r5ew$--,ab&on$4 ,"u ! duress ( ! ,augsburg ,int]im1 ,melan*?on relaps$ into 8 old error4 ,july #f1 #aedh1 he 7toge!r ) ,casp> ,crucig]1 ,john ,pfeff+]1 ,daniel ,gress]1 ,george ,major1 & ,john ,fo]/]7 agre$ to ! /atem5t3 ,= ?is proposition is c]ta9ly true t no "o c be sav$ )\t love & good works4 ,yet we are n ju/ifi$ by love & good works1 b by grace = ,*ri/'s sake4 7#g1 #bb47 ,9 ! ,leipzig ,int]im1 adopt$ sev]al mon?s lat]1 ! false tea*+ conc]n+ ! necessity ( good works to salvation 0 fully re/or$1 z appe>s f ! quotations f ?is docum5t cit$ 9 ! *apt] on ! ,adiaphori/ic ,controv]sy4 ,accord+ to ! ,=mula ( ,concord ?is r5ewal ( ! obnoxi\s =mula at ! "t ( ! ,int]im furni%$ ! direct occasion = ! ,majori/ic ,controv]sy4 ,= "h we read3 ,! a=esaid modes ( spee* & false expressions conc]n+ ! necessity ( good works to salvation 7 r5ew$ by ! ,int]im j at a "t :5 !re 0 special ne$ ( a cle>1 correct confession aga9/ all sorts ( corruptions & adult]ations ( ! article ( ju/ification4 7#idg1 #bi47 ,h[ev]1 :5 ! controv]sy on good works began1 & ,george ,major zeal\sly *ampion$ ! re/or$ =mula1 ,melan*?on1 probably m9dful ( 8 =m] tr\bles 9 ?is matt]1 signally fail$ to support & endorse 8 fri5d & colleague4 ,moreov]1 he n[ advis$ ,major & o!rs to ab/a9 f us+ ! phrase3 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 because1 said he1 ?is app5dix to salvation1 ad salutem is int]pret$ z m]it1 & obscures ! doctr9e ( grace4 ,9 an op9ion ( ,decemb]1 #aeec1 ,melan*?on expla9s3 ,new ob$i5ce is necess>y2 444 b :5 x is said3 ,new ob$i5ce is necess>y to salvation1 ! ,papi/s und]/& t good works m]it salvation4 ,?is proposition is false1 !re=e ,i rel9qui% ?is mode ( spee*4 7,c4 ,r4 #h1 #aid47 ,janu>y #ac1 #aeee1 he wrote to ! ,s5ate ( ,nordhaus5 t _! m9i/]s %\ld n prea*1 def5d1 & dispute ! proposition ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 because x w\ld imm$iately be int]pret$ to mean t good works m]it salvation--weil do* alsbald diese ,deutung angeha5gt wird1 als sollt5 gute ,w]ke ,v]di5/ se9 d] ,seligkeit4 7#daj47 ,septemb] #e1 #aeef1 he said 9 8 lett] to ,flacius3 ,i h always admoni%$ ,george ,major n only to expla9 8 s5t5ce 7:i* he did71 b to ab&on t =m ( spee*4 ,& he promis$ t he w\ld n use x4 ,:at m c ,i ask8 ,! same ,i did ) o!rs4 7#hdb47 ,9 ! ,frankfurt ,recess ( #aeeh1 writt5 by ,melan*?on & sign$ by ! ,lu!ran pr9ces1 we read3 ,al?\gh !re=e ?is proposition1 ',new ob$i5ce is necess>y 7,nova ob$i5tia e/ necess>ia1 nova ob$i5tia e/ debitum71' mu/ be reta9$1 we nev]!less d n wi% to atta* ^! words1 'ad salutem1 to salvation1' because ?is app5dix is int]pret$ z ref]r+ to m]it & obscures ! doctr9e ( grace1 = ?is rema9s true t man is ju/ifi$ be=e ,god & is an heir ( et]nal salvation by grace1 = ! sake ( ! ,"l ,*ri/1 by fai? 9 ,him only4 7#i1 #dig4 #dje47 ,9 an op9ion writt5 ,novemb] #ac1 #aeei1 ,melan*?on 7toge!r ) ,paul ,eb]1 ,pfeff+]1 & ,h4 ,salmut7 aga9 decl>$3 ,i say cle>ly t ,i d n employ ! phrase1 ',good works are necess>y to salvation4' 7#ifi47 ,9 8 ,responsiones ad ,articulos ,bav>icos ( #aeei he wrote3 ,ego non utor 8 v]bis3 ,bona op]a sunt necess>ia ad salutem1 quia hoc additione 'ad salutem' intelligitur m]itum4 ,i d n use ^! words3 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 because by ! addition 'to salvation' a m]it is und]/ood4 ,9 8 lectures1 too1 ,melan*?on frequ5tly reject$ ! app5dix 7to salvation71 & w>n$ 8 pupils n to use ! phrase4 7#d1 #edc2 ,lehre und ,wehre #aijh1 #gh47 ,?us ,melan*?on1 "t & aga91 dis[n$ ! proposition :i* he himself _h fir/ introduc$4 ,n[h]e1 h[ev]1 did he reject x or advise aga9/ its use because x 0 inh]5tly errone\s & false z su* b always m]ely because x 0 subject to abuse & misappreh5sion1--a qualifi$ rejection :i* self-evid5tly c\ld n & did n satisfy 8 oppon5ts4 ,9 an op9ion1 dat$ ,m>* #d1 #aeeh1 ,melan*?on refuses to reject flatly ! controv]t$ =mula1 & endeavors to %[ t x is n 9 disagreem5t ) ! mode ( spee* employ$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,we read3 ,illyricus & 8 compe]s are n satisfi$ :5 we say t ! app5dix to salvation is to be omitt$ on acc\nt ( ! false int]pretation giv5 x1 b dem& t we simply decl>e ! proposition1 ',good works are necess>y to salvation1' to be wrong4 ,aga9/ ?is x mu/ be consid]$ :at also ,paul has said1 ,rom4 #aj3 ,confession is made to salvation 7,confessio fit ad salutem71 :i* ,wig& malici\sly alt]s ?us3 ,confession is made conc]n+ salvation 7,confessio fit de salute74 ,aga91 #b ,cor4 #g3 ',= godly sorr[ worke? rep5tance to salvation1' ,likewise ,phil4 #b3 ',"w out y\r own salvation ) fe> & trembl+4' ,nor d ^! words s\nd any diff]5tly3 ',:osoev] %all call ^u ! "n ( ! ,"l w be sav$1' ,acts #b1 #ba4 ,b1 !y say1 "o mu/ und]/& ^! expressions correctly6 ,t is :at we say1 too4 ,?is disputation h[ev]1 w\ld be end$ if we agre$ to elim9ate ! app5dix & rack our bra9s no fur!r--dass wir d5 ,anhang auss*liess5 und ni*t weit] gruebelt54 7#i1 #dgd47 #add4 ,major ,*ampions ,error4 ,! imm$iate cause ( ! public controv]sy conc]n+ ! "q :e!r good works are necess>y to salvation 0 ,george ,major1 a devot$ pupil & adh]5t ( ,melan*?on & a mo/ active memb] ( ! ,witt5b]g faculty ,major 0 born ,april #be1 #aejb2 #aebi ,rector ( ! s*ool 9 ,magdeburg2 #aecf ,sup]9t5d5t 9 ,eisleb52 soon aft]1 prea*] & pr(essor 9 ,witt5b]g2 #aedd ,rector ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,witt5b]g2 9 #aedh1 at ,celle1 he1 too1 submitt$ to ! dem&s ( ,maurice1 9 ! ,leipzig ,int]im he m]ely object$ to ! ins]tion ( ,extreme ,unction2 #aeeb ,sup]9t5d5t 9 ,eisleb52 pr(essor 9 ,witt5b]g f #aeec until 8 dea? 9 #aegd4 ,t ,dr4 ,pomm] ,bug5hag5 & ,dr4 ,major h ,caus$ ,(f5se & ,confusion4 ,ni*olas ,amsdorf1 ,exul ,*ri/i4 ,magdeburg1 #aeea1--su* 0 ! title ( a publication :i* appe>$ imm$iately prior to ,major's appo9tm5t z ,sup]9t5d5t 9 ,eisleb54 ,9 x ,bug5hag5 7:o di$ #aeeh7 & ,major 7( c\rse1 ,melan*?on c\ld & %\ld h be5 includ$7 7 d5\nc$ = _! connection ) ! ,leipzig ,int]im4 ,major 9 p>ticul>1 0 c5sur$ = hav+1 9 ! ,int]im1 omitt$ ! ^w sola1 alone1 9 ! phrase sola fide ju/ificamur1 we are ju/ifi$ by fai? alone1 & = hav+ emphasiz$ in/ead t ,*ri/ian virtues & good works are m]itori\s & necess>y to salvation4 ,:51 z a result ( ?is publication ! prea*]s ( ,eisleb5 & ,mansfeld refus$ to recognize ,major z _! sup]ior ! latt] promis$ to ju/ify himself publicly4 ,he endeavor$ to d s 9 8 ,answ] publi%$ #aeeb at ,witt5b]g1 aft] he _h already be5 dismiss$ by ,c\nt ,albre*t z ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,eisleb54 ,! ,answ] 0 entitl$3 ,auf des ehr5wu]dig5 ,h]rn ,niclas von ,amsdorfs ,s*rift1 s jetzund neuli* m5se ,novembri #aeea wid] ,dr4 ,major oeff5dtli* im ,druck ausgegang54 ,antwort ,georg ,majors4 ,9 x ,major disclaim$ responsibility = ! ,int]im 7al?\gh he _h be5 pres5t at ,celle1 :]e x _h be5 fram$71 & decl>$ t he _h nev] d\bt$ ! sola fide1 by fai? alone4 ,b1 cont9u$ ,major1 ,i d confess t ,i h hi!rto taught & /ill tea*1 & h5ce=? w tea* all my life3 t good works are necess>y to salvation4 ,& ,i decl>e publicly & ) cle> & pla9 words t no "o is sav$ by evil works1 & also t no "o is sav$ )\t good works4 ,fur!rmore ,i say1 let him :o tea*es o!rwise1 ev5 ?\gh an angel f heav51 be accurs$ 7d] sei v]flu*t76 ,aga93 ,!re=e x is impossible = a man to be sav$ )\t good works4 ,major expla9$ t good works are necess>y to salvation1 n because !y effect or m]it =giv5ess ( s9s1 ju/ification1 ! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & et]nal life 7= ^! gifts are m]it$ alone by ! dea? ( our only ,m$iator & ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/1 & c be receiv$ only by fai?71 b nev]!less good works mu/ be pres5t1 n z a m]it1 b z due ob$i5ce t[>d ,god4 7,s*lb4 #g1 #cj47 ,9 8 defiant attitude ,major 0 imm$iately & firmly oppos$ by ,amsdorf1 ,flacius1 ,gallus1 & o!rs4 ,amsdorf publi%$ 8 ,brief ,in/ruction ,conc]n+ ,dr4 ,major's ,answ]1 t he is n innoc5t1 z he boa/s4 ,e9 kurz] ,unt]ri*t auf ,dr4 ,majoris ,antwort1 dass er ni*t uns*uldig sei1 wie er si* ruehmet1 #aeeb4 ,major's decl>ation & ana!ma are "h met by ,amsdorf z foll[s3 ,fir/ ( all1 ,i w\ld l to "k aga9/ :om ,dr4 ,george ,major is writ+ :5 he says3 ,nobody m]its heav5 by evil works4 ,has ev5 ! angry & impetu\s ,amsdorf ev] taught & writt5 ?us8 444,we "k well1 praise ,god1 & confess t a ,*ri/ian %\ld & mu/ d good works4 ,nobody disputes & speaks conc]n+ t2 nor has anybody d\bt$ ?is4 ,on ! contr>y1 we speak & dispute conc]n+ ?is1 :e!r a ,*ri/ian e>ns salvation by ! good works :i* he %\ld & mu/ d4444 ,= we all say & confess t aft] 8 r5ewal & new bir? a ,*ri/ian %\ld love & fe> ,god & d all mann] ( good works1 b n t he may be sav$1 = he is sav$ already by fai? 7ab] ni*t d>um1 dass er selig w]de1 d5n er i/ s*on dur* d5 ,glaub5 selig74 ,?is is ! true prophetic & apo/olic doctr9e1 & :oev] tea*es o!rwise is already accurs$ & damn$4 ,i1 !re=e1 ,ni*olas von ,amsdorf1 decl>e3 ,:oev] tea*es & prea*es ^! words z !y read 7,good works are necess>y to salvation71 is a ,pelagian1 a mameluke1 & a d5i] ( ,*ri/1 & he has ! same _s :i* prompt$ ,drs4 ,m5s+ & ,witzel to write aga9/ ,dr4 ,lu!r1 ( bless$ memory1 t good works are necess>y to salvation4 7,s*lb4 #g1 #baj47 ,ano!r attack 0 entitl$3 ,aga9/ ! ,evangeli/ ( ! ,holy ,g[n1 ,dr4 ,mis] ,major4 ,wid] d5 ,evangeli/5 des heilig5 ,*orrocks1 ,dr4 ,geitz ,major1 #aeeb4 ,"h ,flacius--= he 0 ! au?or ( ?is publication--ma9ta9$ t nei!r ju/ification1 nor salvation1 nor ! pres]vation ( ! /ate ( grace is to be bas$ on good works4 ,he object$ to ,major's propositions because !y actually made good works ! antec$5t & cause ( salvation & robb$ ,*ri/ians ( _! com=t4 ,he decl>$3 ,:5 we say3 ,t is necess>y = ?is "w or matt]1 x means j z mu* z if we said3 ,x is a cause1 or1 by ?is or t "w "o effects ?is or t4 ,z to ! practical consequ5ces ( ,major's propositions1 ,flacius rem>ks3 ,if !re=e good works are necess>y to salvation1 & if x is impossible = any "o to be sav$ )\t !m1 !n tell u1 ,dr4 ,major1 h[ c a man be sav$ :o all 8 life till 8 la/ brea? has l$ a s9ful life1 b n[ :5 ab\t to die1 desires to appreh5d ,*ri/ 7z is ! case ) _m on _! dea?-b$ or on ! gall[s78 ,h[ w ,major com=t su* a poor s9n]8 ,! poor s9n]1 ,flacius cont9ues1 w\ld decl>e3 ,major1 ! great !ologian1 writes & tea*es z mo/ c]ta9 t no "o c be sav$ )\t good works1 & t good works are absolutely necess>y 7ganz notw5dig7 to salvation2 !re=e ,i am damn$1 = ,i h h]et(ore nev] done any good works4 ,fur!rmore ,major w also h to /ate & det]m9e ! lea/ numb] ( ounces or p\nds ( good works "o is requir$ to h to obta9 salvation4 7,preg] #a1 #cfc;f47 ,9 8 ,explanation & ,answ] to ! ,new ,subtle ,corruption ( ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/--,erkla]ung und ,antwort auf die neue subtile ,v]faels*ung des ,evangelii ,*ri/i1 #aeed ,ni*olas ,gallus ma9ta9$ t1 if ! righte\sness pres5t$ by ,*ri/ alone is ! cause ( our ju/ification & salvation1 !n good works c only be ! fruits ( x4 ,9 a simil> way ,s*nepf1 ,*emnitz1 & o!rs decl>$ !mselves aga9/ ,majorism4 7,s*lb4 #g1 #ee4 #afb4 #bje4 #ecd4 #egb2 ,c4 ,r4 #i1 #dge2 ,seeb]g1 ,dogg4 #d1 #dhf47 #ade4 ,major's ,modifications4 ,major answ]$ 8 oppon5ts 9 8 book ( #aeec entitl$1 ,a ,s]mon on ! ,conv]sion to ,god ( ,/4 ,paul & ,all ,god-fe>+ ,m54 ,9 x he mo/ emphatically d5i$ t he _h ev] taught t good works are necess>y 9 ord] to e>n salvation1 & expla9$ m fully :e!r1 9 :at way1 :i*1 & :y good works are nev]!less necess>y to salvation4 ,"h he also admits3 ,?is proposition w\ld be dang]\s & d>k if ,i _h said )\t any di/9ction & explanation3 ,good works are necess>y to salvation4 ,= ?us "o might easily be l$ to believe t we are sav$ by good works )\t fai?1 or also by ! m]it ( good works1 n by fai? alone4 ,we are n j & sav$ by r5ewal1 & because ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,law is begun 9 u1 z ! ,int]im tea*es1 b 9 ?is life we always rema9 j & sav$ by fai? alone4 7,preg] #a1 #cfd;ff47 ,major expla9s3 ,:5 ,i say3 ,! new ob$i5ce or good works :i* foll[ fai? are necess>y to salvation1 ?is is n to be und]/ood 9 ! s5se t "o mu/ e>n salvation by good works1 or t !y con/itute1 or c\ld effect or imp>t ! righte\sness by :i* a man may /& be=e ! judgm5t-seat ( ,god1 b t good works are effects & fruits ( true fai?1 :i* are to foll[ x fai? & are wr\ght by ,*ri/ 9 believ]s4 ,= :oev] believes & is j1 he1 at ! risk ( los+ 8 righte\sness & salvation1 is 9 duty b\nd & oblig$ to beg9 to obey ,god z 8 ,fa!r1 to d t :i* is good1 & to avoid evil4 7#cgj47 ,major fur!rmore modifi$ 8 /atem5t by expla9+3 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 n 9 ord] to obta9 b to reta91 salvation4 ,9 ord] to reta9 salvation & n to lose x aga91 he said1 !y are necess>y to su* an ext5t t1 if y fail to d !m1 x is a sure indication t y\r fai? is dead & false1 a pa9t$ fai?1 an op9ion exi/+ only 9 y\r imag9ation4 ,! reason1 said ,major 7,m5ius1 too1 lat] on express$ 8 agreem5t 9 ?is po9t ) ,major71 :y he _h urg$ 8 proposition conc]n+ ! necessity ( good works to salvation1 0 ! fact t ! great] numb] also ( ^? :o claim to be good evangelical ,*ri/ians imag9e t !y believe1 & imag9e & fabricate a fai? :i* may exi/ )\t good works1 ?\gh ?is is j z impossible z t ! sun %\ld n emit brightness & spl5dor4 7,ts*ack]t #eae2 ,frank #b1 #afb4 #cgc47 ,r$uc+ 8 tea*+ to a numb] ( syllogisms1 ,major argu$1 9 sub/ance1 z foll[s3 ,et]nal life is giv5 to none b ! reg5]ate2 reg5]ation1 h[ev]1 is new ob$i5ce & good works 9 ! believ]s & ! beg9n+ ( et]nal life3 h5ce ! new life1 :i* consi/s 9 good works1 is necess>y to believ]s = salvation4 ,aga93 ,no "o is sav$ unless he confesses ) 8 m\? ! fai? ( 8 he>t 9 ,*ri/ & rema9s /eadfa/ 9 su* fai?1 ,rom4 #aj1 #i4 #aj2 ,matt4 #bb1 #ac2 h5ce ! works ( confess+ & p]sev]+ fai? are necess>y to salvation z fruits ( fai?1 9 ord] t salvation1 obta9$ by fai?1 may n be lo/ by d5ial & apo/asy4 7,frank #b1 #afb47 ,aga93 ,! ?+ )\t :i* salvation _c be pres]v$ is necess>y to salvation2 )\t ob$i5ce t[>d ,god salvation1 receiv$ by grace ?r\gh fai?1 _c be pres]v$2 h5ce ob$i5ce t[>d ,god is necess>y 9 ord] t by x salvation1 receiv$ by grace1 may be pres]v$ & may n be lo/ by disob$i5ce4 ,at ! conclusion ( 8 ,s]mon on ,paul's ,conv]sion1 ,major also repeat$ 8 ana!ma aga9/ all ^? :o tea* o!rwise1 & add$3 ,hiewid] moeg5 nun ,amseln ,amsdorf od] ,drosseln s+5 und s*rei51 ,haehne ,gallus kraeh5 od] gatz5 gakk]n1 v]l(f5e und unbekannte ,w5d5 und ,wal5 ,flacius lae/]n1 die ,s*rift v]w5d51 v]kehr51 kalumnii]51 s*reib5 und mal51 wie sie woll51 s b9 i* do* gewiss1 dass diese ,lehre1 s 9 diesem ,s]mon /eht die re*te goettli*e ,wahrheit i/1 wid] wel*e au* alle hoellis*5 ,p=t5 ni*ts ,be/a5diges od] ,gru5dli*es ko5n5 aufbr+51 wie boese sie si* au* ma*54 7,preg] #a1 #cga4 #chj47 ,s*luesselburg *>ges ,major also ) conf\nd+ ju/ification ) sanctification4 ,9 pro( ( ?is he quotes ! foll[+ f ,major's rem>ks on ,rom4 #h3 ,salvation or ju/ification is tw(old3 "o 9 ?is life & ! o!r 9 et]nal life4 ,! salvification 9 ?is life consi/s1 fir/1 9 ! remission ( s9s & 9 ! imputation ( righte\sness2 secondly1 9 ! gift & r5ew+ ( ! ,holy ,_s & 9 ! hope ( et]nal life be/[$ freely = ! sake ( ,*ri/4 ,?is salvification & ju/ification is only begun 9 ?is life & imp]fect2 = 9 ^? :o are sav$ & ju/ifi$ by fai? !re /ill rema9s s91 ! depravity ( nature1 !re rema9 also ! t]rors ( s9 & ( ! ,law1 ! bite ( ! old ,s]p5t1 & dea?1 toge!r ) all mis]ies t fle% is heir to4 ,?us by fai? & ! ,holy ,gho/ we1 inde$1 beg9 to be ju/ifi$1 sanctifi$1 & sav$1 b we are n yet p]fectly ju/ifi$1 sanctifi$1 & sav$4 ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 t we become p]fectly j & sav$4 ,sic p] fidem et ,spiritum ,sanctum coepimus quidem iu/ific>i1 sanctific>i1 et salv>i1 nondum tam5 p]fecte iu/i et salvi sumus4 ,reliquum igitur e/1 ut p]fecte iu/i et salvi fiamus4 7#g1 #cdh47 #adf4 ,m5ius ,sides ) ,major4 ,prom95t among ! !ologians :o 7 9 ess5tial agreem5t ) ,major 0 ,ju/us ,m5ius4 ,he 0 born #adii2 became ,sup]9t5d5t 9 ,go?a #aedf2 0 favorably dispos$ t[>d ! ,leipzig ,int]im2 resign$ 8 position 9 ,go?a #aeeg2 remov$ to ,leipzig1 :]e he publi%$ 8 polemical writ+s aga9/ ,flacius2 di$ ,augu/ #aa1 #aeeh4 ,9 #aeed he 0 entangl$ 9 ! ,majori/ic controv]sy4 ,9 ?is ye> ,amsdorf dem&$ t ,m5ius1 :o1 toge!r ) himself1 ,s*nepf1 & ,/olz1 _h be5 appo9t$ visitors ( ,?ur+ia1 decl>e himself aga9/ ! ,adiaphori/s1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 reject ! books ( ,major1 & 8 doctr9e t good works are necess>y to salvation4 ,m5ius decl9$1 because1 he said1 he _h n read ^! books4 ,z a result ,m5ius 0 *>g$ ) be+ a secret adh]5t ( ,majorism4 ,9 #aeef1 h[ev]1 ,m5ius himself prov$ by 8 publications t ?is suspicion 0 n altoge!r unw>rant$4 ,= 9 8 ,prep>ation = a ,bless$ ,dea? & 9 a ,s]mon on ,salvation1 publi%$ 9 t ye>1 ,m5ius taught t ! beg9n+ ( ! new life 9 believ]s is necess>y to salvation 7,ts*ack]t1 #eag2 ,h]zog1 ,r4 #ab1 #hi47 ,?is caus$ ,flacius to rem>k 9 8 book1 ,conc]n+ ! ,unity ( ,^? :o 9 ! ,pa/ ,ye>s h ,f\ght = & aga9/ ! ,adiaphora1 #aeef3 ,major & ,m5ius1 9 _! pr9t$ books1 are aga9 reviv+ ! error t good works are necess>y to salvation1 :]e=e x is to be fe>$ t ! latt] mis=tune w be worse ?an ! =m]4 7,preg] #a1 #chb47 ,soon aft]1 ,m5ius 0 susp5d$ f (fice & requir$ to cle> himself be=e ! ,synod 9 ,eis5a*1 #aeef4 ,"h he subscrib$ sev5 propositions 9 :i* ! doctr9e t good works are necess>y to salvation1 or to reta9 salvation1 0 reject$4 ,! sev5 ,eis5a* propositions1 sign$ by ,m5ius1 read z foll[s3 #a4 ,al?\gh ?is proposition1 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 may be tol]at$ 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,law ab/ractly & ideally 79 doctr9a legis ab/ractive et de idea tol]>i pote/71 nev]!less !re are _m weighty reasons :y x %\ld be avoid$ & %unn$ no less ?an ! o!r3 ,*ri/ is a creature4 #b4 ,9 ! =um ( ju/ification & salvation ?is proposition1 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 is n at all to be tol]at$4 #c4 ,9 ! =um ( new ob$i5ce1 aft] reconciliation1 good works are n at all necess>y to salvation b = o!r causes4 #d4 ,fai? alone ju/ifies & saves 9 ! beg9n+1 middle1 & end4 #e4 ,good works are n necess>y to reta9 salvation 7ad ret95dam salutem74 #f4 ,ju/ification & salvation are synonyms & equipoll5t or conv]tible t]ms1 & nei!r c nor mu/ be sep>at$ 9 any way 7nec ulla ratione di/rahi aut possunt aut deb5t74 #g4 ,may !re=e ! papi/ical busk9 be bani%$ f our *ur* on acc\nt ( its manifold (f5ses & innum]able diss5sions & o!r causes ( :i* ! apo/les speak ,acts #ae4 7,preg] #a1 #chc47 ,9 8 subscription to ^! !ses ,m5ius decl>$3 ,i1 ,ju/us ,m5ius1 te/ify by my pres5t signature t ?is confession is true & or?odox1 & t1 accord+ to ! gift giv5 me by ,god1 ,i h h]et(ore by ^w & writ+ publicly def5d$ x1 & %all cont9ue to def5d x4 ,9 ?is subscription ,m5ius also promis$ to correct ! (f5sive expressions 9 8 ,s]mon on ,salvation4 ,h[ev]1 dissatisfi$ ) ! intol]able situation ?us creat$1 he resign$1 & soon aft] became ,sup]9t5d5t 9 ,leipzig4 ,9 ?ree viol5tly polemical books1 publi%$ !re 9 #aeeg & #aeeh1 he freely v5t$ 8 long p5t-up feel+s ( ang] & animosity1 especially aga9/ ,flacius4 7#chd;f47 ,9 ^! publications1 ,m5ius d5i$ t he _h ev] us$ ! proposition ( ,major4 ,h[ev]1 he n only refus$ to reject x1 b def5d$ ! same error1 ?\gh 9 some:at diff]5t t]ms4 ,he m]ely replac$ ! phrase good works by new life1 new righte\sness1 new ob$i5ce1 & affirm$ t x is necess>y to our salvation t su* be wr\ght 9 u by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,he wrote3 ,! ,holy ,_s r5ews ^? :o h become *ildr5 ( ,god by fai? 9 ,*ri/1 & t ?is is p]=m$ 9 !m ?is1 ,i say1 !y ne$ = _! salvation--sei ihn5 zur ,seligkeit vonnoet54 7,frank #b1 #bbc47 ,aga93 ,he ! ,holy ,_s beg9s righte\sness & life 9 ! believ]s1 :i* beg9n+ is 9 ?is life 7z long z we dwell on e>? 9 ?is s9ful fle%7 v weak & imp]fect1 b nev]!less necess>y to salvation1 & w be p]fect aft] ! resurrection1 t we may walk 9 x be=e ,god et]nally & be sav$4 7#bbb47 ,works1 said ,m5ius1 mu/ n be introduc$ into ! article ( ju/ification1 reconciliation1 & r$emption2 b :5 deal+ ) ! article ( sanctification1 !n x is correct to say3 ,sanctification1 or r5ewal ( ! ,holy ,_s1 is necess>y to salvation4 7,preg] #a1 #chh47 ,) respect to ! proposition1 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 ,m5ius /at$ t he c\ld n simply condemn x z altoge!r false & h]etical4 ,moreov]1 he argu$3 ,if x is correct to say3 ,sanctification1 or r5ewal by ! ,holy ,_s1 is necess>y to salvation1 !n x _c be false to say3 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 s9ce x is c]ta9 & _c be ga9said t sanctification & r5ewal d n & _c exi/ )\t good works4 7#chf47 ,inde$1 he himself ma9ta9$ t good works are necess>y to salvation 9 ord] t we may n lose x aga94 7#chg4 #cia47 ,at ! same "t ,m5ius1 z /at$ above1 claim$ t he _h nev] employ$ ,major's proposition1 & c\nsel$ o!rs to ab/a9 f its use 9 ord] to avoid mis9t]pretation4 ,! same advice he gave ) respect to 8 own =mula t new ob$i5ce is necess>y to salvation4 7,frank #b1 #afe4 #bbc47 ,m5ius also conf\nd$ ju/ification & sanctification4 ,he wrote3 ,by fai? 9 ,*ri/ alone we become j be=e ,god & are sav$4 ,:y8 ,because by fai? "o receives fir/1 =giv5ess ( s9s & ! righte\sness or ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/1 ) :i* ,he fulfill$ ! ,law = u2 !reupon1 "o also receives ! ,holy ,_s1 :o effects & fulfils 9 u ! righte\sness requir$ by ! ,law1 "h 9 ?is life imp]fectly & p]fectly 9 ! life to come4 7,preg] #a1 #chg47 ,at ! synod ( ,eis5a*1 #aeef1 ! !ologians accord+ly decl>$3 ,al?\gh x is true t grace & ! gift ?r\gh grace _c be sep>at$1 b are always toge!r1 nev]!less ! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s is n a piece or "p1 mu* less a co-cause ( ju/ification & salvation1 b an app5dix1 a consequ5ce1 & an additional gift ( grace4-- ,wiewohl es wahr i/1 dass gratia und donum p] gratiam ni*t ko5n5 getr5nt w]d51 sond]n allezeit beie9&] s9d1 s i/ do* die ,gabe des ,heilig5 ,gei/es ni*t e9 ,/ueck od] ,teil1 viel w5ig] e9e ,mitursa*e d] ,ju/ifikation und ,salvation1 sond]n i/ e9 ,anhang1 ,folge und ,zugab be d] ,gnade4 7,seeb]g #d1 #dhg47 #adg4 ,attitude ( ,anti-,majori/s4 ,) ! exception ( ,m5ius & o!r adh]5ts 9 ,electoral ,saxony1 ,major 0 firmly oppos$ by ,lu!ran m9i/]s & !ologians ev]y:]e4 ,ev5 :5 he 0 /ill _! sup]9t5d5t1 ! m9i/]s ( ,mansfeld took issue ) him2 & aft] he 0 dismiss$ by ,c\nt ,albre*t1 !y draft$ an ,op9ion1 9 :i* !y decl>$ t ,major's proposition obscures ! doctr9e ( ,god's grace & ,*ri/'s m]it4 ,also ! cl]gy ( ,luebeck1 ,hamburg1 ,lu5eburg1 & ,magdeburg unit$ 9 an ,op9ion1 9 :i* !y reject$ ,major's proposition4 ,*ief among ! !ologians :o oppos$ him 71 z /at$1 ,amsdorf1 ,flacius1 ,wig&1 ,gallus1 ,mo]l9 & ,*emnitz4 ,9 _! publications !y unanim\sly d5\nc$ ! proposition t good works are necess>y to salvation1 & its equival5ts1 z dang]\s1 godless1 blasphem\s1 & popi%4 ,yet be=e ! controv]sy !y !mselves _h n all nor always be5 consi/5t & correct 9 _! t]m9ology4 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord says3 ,be=e ?is controv]sy q a few pure tea*]s employ$ su* & simil> expressions t fai? is pres]v$ by good works1 etc4 9 ! exposition ( ! ,holy ,scriptures1 9 no way1 h[ev]1 int5d+ !reby to confirm ! above-m5tion$ errors ( ! ,papi/s4 7#idi1 #cf47 ,conc]n+ ! ^w fai?1 #aedi1 ,flacius1 = example _h said t our ef=t to obey ,god might be call$ a causa s9e qua non1 or some?+ :i* s]ves salvation4 ,8 words are3 ,atque h9c app>et1 quat5us no/rum /udium ob$i5di ,deo dici possit causa s9e qua non1 seu hup]etikon ti1 id e/1 quiddam subs]vi5s ad salutem4 ,b :5 8 att5tion 0 call$ to ?is passage1 he fir/ elim9at$ ! causa s9e qua non & sub/itut$ ad vitam aet]nam = ad salutem1 & aft]w>ds *ang$ ?is phrase into ad v]am pietatem4 7,frank #b1 #bah4 #afi47 ,h[ev]1 z soon z ! controv]sy began1 ! ,lu!rans1 notably ,flacius1 cle>ly saw ! utt] falsity ( ,major's /atem5ts4 ,flacius wrote3 ,salvation is =giv5ess ( s9s1 z ,paul te/ifies1 ,rom4 #d1 & ,david1 ,ps4 #cb3 ',bless$ are !y ^: s9s are =giv54' ',?y fai? ha? made !e :ole4' ,matt4 #i2 ,m>k #e4 #aj1 ,luke #g4 #h4 #ah4 ,jesus saves s9n]s & ! lo/4 ,matt4 #a1 #ah2 #a ,tim4 #a4 ,s9ce1 n[1 salvation & =giv5ess ( s9s are "o & ! same ?+1 consid]1 de> ,*ri/ian1 :at k9d ( doctr9e ?is is3 ,no "o has receiv$ =giv5ess ( s9s )\t good works2 x is impossible = any "o to receive =giv5ess ( s9s or to be sav$ )\t good works2 good works are necess>y to =giv5ess ( s9s4 7,preg] #a1 #cge47 ,aga93 ,"y *ildr5 & ^? :o are conv]t$ 9 _! la/ h\r 7:o c]ta9ly con/itute ! great] "p71 mu/ confess t !y nei!r possess1 nor w possess1 any good works1 = !y die =?)4 ,inde$1 ,/4 ,b]n>d also wrote :5 on 8 dea?b$3 ,p]dite vixi--,i h l$ a wick$ life6 ,& :at is /ill m1 all ,*ri/ians1 :5 9 _! dy+ mom5ts1 !y are /riv+ ) s9s1 mu/ say3 ',all our good works are l fil?y rags2 9 my life !re is no?+ good2' &1 z ,david says1 ,ps4#ea3 ',be=e ,!e ,i am no?+ b s91' z ,dr4 ,lu!r expla9s x4 7#cgf47 ,aga93 ,we are conc]n$ ab\t ?is1 t poor & afflict$ consci5ces may h a firm & c]ta9 consolation aga9/ s91 dea?1 devil1 & hell1 & ?us be sav$4 ,= if a condition or app5dix conc]n+ our good works & wor?9ess is requir$ z necess>y to salvation1 !n1 z ,dr4 ,major frequ5tly discusses ?is matt] v excell5tly1 x is impossible to h a firm & solid consolation4 7#cgf47 ,flacius %[$ t ,major's proposition tak5 z x reads1 c be int]pret$ only 9 a papi/ical s5se1 & t no am\nt ( explanations is able to cure x ( its +ra9$ falsity4 ,major1 said he1 mu/ *oose betwe5 8 proposition or ! int]pretations :i* he places ^u x2 = ! =m] does n admit ( ! latt]4 ,he add$ t a proposition :i* is 9 con/ant ne$ ( explanations 9 ord] n to be misund]/ood is n adapt$ = religi\s in/ruction4 ,f ! fact1 says ,flacius1 t ! ju/ifi$ are oblig$ to obey ! ,law1 x foll[s inde$ t good works are necess>y1 b n t !y are necess>y to salvation 7z ,major & ,m5ius inf]r$74 ,f ! premises t ,*ri/ians are 9 duty b\nd to obey ! ,law & to r5d] ! new ob$i5ce x m]ely foll[s t ?is ob$i5ce is necess>y2 b no?+ is "h said ( salvation4 7#cib47 ,flacius %[$ t ,major's proposition1 ev5 ) ! proviso t ea* & e m]it ( works 0 to be exclud$1 rema9$ objectionable4 ,! words necess>y to1 necess>ia ad1 always1 he insi/$1 designate some?+ t prec$es1 moves1 works1 effects4 ,! proposition3 ,ju/ification1 salvation1 & fai? are necess>y to good works1 _c be rev]s$1 because good works are n antec$5ts1 b consequ5ts ( ju/ification1 salvation1 & fai?4 ,= ! same reason ,flacius object$ to ! phrase t good works are necess>y z causa s9e qua non4 ,de> ,dr4 ,g4 7,major71 says he1 ask ! highly le>n$ ,greek philosoph]s = a little in=mation z to :at !y say de causa s9e qua non1 hon ouk aneu4 ,ask ,i say1 ! le>n$ & ! unle>n$1 ask philosophy1 reason1 & common languages1 :e!r x is n true t x causa s9e qua non mu/ prec$e4 7#cgg47 ,no "o1 said he w\ld und]/& ! propositions ( ,major & ,m5ius correctly4 ,illu/rat+ ?is po9t ,flacius wrote3 ,c "o become a c>p5t] )\t ! h\se :i* he builds aft]w>ds8 ,c "o make a wagon or %ip )\t driv+ or sail+8 ,i say1 yes6 ,or1 de> ,doctor1 are we accu/om$ to say3 ,driv+ & sail+ is necess>y to ! wagon & %ip respectively1 & x is impossible = a wagon or %ip to be made )\t driv+ or sail+8 ,i he>3 ,no6 7#cge47 ,nobody says3 ,fruits & leaves are necess>y to ! tree2 w9e & grapes are necess>y to ! v9ey>d2 or dwell+ is necess>y to a h\se2 driv+ & sail+1 to a wagon & %ip2 rid+ is necess>y to a horse2 b ?us !y speak3 ,wagons & horses are necess>y to rid+1 a %ip is necess>y to sail+4 7#cia47 ,! *>ge t ,major's proposition robb$ ,*ri/ians ( _! assurance ( salvation 0 urg$ also by ,ni*olas ,gallus4 ,he says3 ,x is giv+ ) "o h& & tak+ aga9 ) ! o!r :5 ,major adds to 8 proposition conc]n+ ! necessity ( good works to salvation t our consci5ce is n to look ^u our works1 b on ,*ri/ alone4 7,frank #b1 #bbd47 ,! same po9t 0 /ress$ 9 ! ,op9ion ( ! m9i/]s ( ,luebeck1 ,hamburg1 ,lu5eburg1 & ,magdeburg1 publi%$ by ,flacius & ,gallus 9 #aeec4 7#bbj47 ,! ,hamburg !ologians decl>$3 ,?is app5dix necess>y to salvation1 ad salutem indicates a cause & a m]it4 ,!y add$ t 9 ?is s5se also ! phrase 0 g5]ally und]/ood by ! ,papi/s4 7,planck1 ,ges*i*te des prot4 ,lehrbegriffes #e1 #eje4 #dig47 ,gallus also expla9$ t x 0 papi/ical to inf]3 ,by s9s we lose salvation1 h5ce x is reta9$ by good works2 or1 ,s9s condemn1 h5ce good works save4 7,frank #b1 #aga47 ,hes%usius wrote to ,wig&3 ,i reg>d ,eb]'s ass]tion t good works are necess>y to ju/ification because !y mu/ be pres5t1 z false & detrim5tal4 ,= ,paul expressly excludes good works f ! ju/ification ( a s9n] be=e ,god1 n only :5 consid]$ a m]it cause1 glory1 dignity1 price1 object or tru/1 & m$ium ( application1 etc41 b also z to ! necessity ( _! pres5ce 7v]um etiam quoad necessitatem praes5tiae74 ,if x is necess>y t good works be pres5t ) him :o is to be ju/ifi$1 !n ,paul errs :5 he decl>es t a man is ju/ifi$ )\t ! works ( ! ,law4 7#agb47 ,reg>d+ ?is po9t1 t good works are necess>y to ju/ification 9 s f> z !y mu/ be pres5t1 ! ,majori/s appeal$ to ,lu!r1 :o1 h[ev]1 _h m]ely /at$ t fai? is nev] alone1 ?\gh x alone ju/ifies4 ,8 axiom 03 ,fai? alone ju/ifies1 b x is n alone-- ,fides sola iu/ificat1 s$ non e/ sola4 ,accord+ to ,lu!r good works1 :]ev] !y are f\nd1 are pres5t 9 virtue ( fai?2 :]e !y are n pres5t1 !y are abs5t because fai? is lack+2 nor c !y pres]ve ! fai? by :i* alone !y are produc$4 ,at ! ,alt5burg ,colloquy 7#aefh to #aefi7 ! !ologians ( ,electoral ,saxony insi/$ t1 s9ce true fai? does n & _c exi/ 9 ^? :o p]sev]e 9 s9s aga9/ _! consci5ce1 good works mu/ n be altoge!r & absolutely exclud$ f ju/ification1 at lea/ _! necessity & pres5ce mu/ n be reg>d$ z unnecess>y4 7#ahi47 ,! !ologians ( ,ducal ,saxony1 h[ev]1 d5i$ t 9 ! article & act ( ju/ification our good works are necess>y by necessity ( pres5ce4 ,s$ impugnamus i/am propositionem1 9 articulo et actu iu/ificationis bona no/ra op]a necess>ia esse necessitate praes5tiae4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 !y1 too1 7 solicit\s to affirm ! impossibility ( fai?'s coexi/+ ) an evil purpose to s9 aga9/ ,god 9 "o & ! same m9d at ! same "t4 7#bcg2 ,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bea47 ,9 ! ,apology ( ! ,book ( ,concord ! ,lu!ran !ologians decl>$3 ,! proposition 7,ju/ification ( fai? requires ! pres5ce ( good works7 0 reject$ 9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord because x _c be und]/ood o!rwise ?an ( ! cause ( ju/ification4 ,= :atev] is pres5t 9 ju/ification z necess>y 9 su* a mann] t )\t its pres5ce ju/ification c nei!r be nor occur1 t mu/ inde$ be und]/ood z be+ a cause ( ju/ification itself4 7#bch7 #adh4 ,major's ,concessions ,n ,satisfactory4 ,9 ord] to put an end to ! controv]sy1 ,major (f]$ a concession 9 8 ,confession conc]n+ ! ,article ( ,ju/ification1 t is1 conc]n+ ! doctr9e t by fai? alone1 )\t any m]it1 = ! sake ( ,*ri/1 a man has =giv5ess ( s9s1 & is j be=e ,god & an heir ( et]nal salvation1 #aeeh4 ,"h he /ates t he _h n us$ ! controv]t$ =mula = sev]al ye>s &1 9 ord] n to give fur!r cause = public cont5tion1 he promis$ n to employ ! words1 ',good works are necess>y to salvation1' any m1 on acc\nt ( ! false int]pretations plac$ ^u x4 7,preg] #a1 #cif47 ,9 mak+ ?is concession1 h[ev]1 ,major did n at all int5d to retract 8 tea*+ or to condemn 8 proposition z false4 ,he promis$ to ab/a9 f its use1 n because he 0 n[ conv9c$ ( 8 error & view$ 8 propositions z false & incorrect z su*1 b m]ely because x 0 ambigu\s & liable to abuse1 & because he wi%$ to end ! conflict4 7,frank #b1 #aff;f4 #bbc47 ,nor did ,major lat] on ev] admit t he _h err$ 9 ! matt]4 ,9 an oration deliv]$ #aefg he boa/$ ( 8 intimate relation & doctr9al agreem5t ) ,lu!r & ,melan*?on1 add+3 ,nei!r did ,i ev] deviate1 nor1 ,god assi/+ me1 %all ,i ev] deviate1 f ! tru? once ackn[l$g$4 ,nec discessi umquam nec ,deo iuvante disc$am ab agnita semel v]itate4 ,he _h nev] ?\ght or taught1 said he1 t good works are a cause ( ju/ification4 ,& conc]n+ ! proposition1 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 he _h expressly decl>$ t he int5d$ to ab/a9 f its use because x _h (f5d$ "s on acc\nt ( its ambiguity1 cum propt] ambiguitatem (f5d]it aliquos4 ,he cont9u$3 ,! facts %[ t we ! pr(essors ( ,witt5b]g ,univ]sity are & h rema9$ gu>dians ( t doctr9e :i* ,lu!r & ,melan*?on 444 deliv]$ to u1 9 ^: writ+s f ! "t ( ! ,augsburg ,confession !re is nei!r a dissonance nor a discrepancy1 ei!r among !mselves or f ! f\ndation1 nor any?+ obscure or p]plex+4 7,frank #b1 #bbd4 #afg47 ,also 9 8 ,te/am5t 7,te/am5tum ,doctoris ,georgii ,majoris71 publi%$ #aegj1 ,major emphatically d5i$ t he _h ev] h>bor$ or taught any false views conc]n+ ju/ification1 salvation1 & good works4 ,( 8 own accord he _h also ab&on$ ! phrases3 ,good works are necess>y to salvation2 x is impossible to be sav$ )\t good works2 no "o has ev] be5 sav$ )\t good works--,bona op]a sunt necess>ia ad salutem2 impossibile e/1 s9e bonis op]ibus salvum fi]i2 nemo umquam s9e bonis op]ibus salvatus e/4 ,he _h done ?is 9 ord] to obviate ! misappreh5sion z ?\gh he taught t good works are a cause ( salvation :i* contribute to m]it & effect salvation4 ,accord+ to ?is ,te/am5t1 he desir$ 8 doctr9es & writ+s to be judg$4 ,9 future he w\ld n dispute ) anybody ab\t ^! phrases4 7#afh47 ,?us 9 8 ,te/am5t1 too1 ,major )drew 8 /atem5ts n because !y 7 simply false1 b only because !y _h be5 int]pret$ to mean t good works are ! effici5t cause ( ju/ification & salvation4 ,& :ile ,major 9 lat] writ+s did elim9ate ! app5dix ad salutem1 to salvation1 or ad vitam aet]nam1 to et]nal life1 he reta9$1 & cont9u$ to tea*1 ess5tially ! same error 9 ano!r g>b1 namely1 t good works are necess>y 9 ord] to reta9 fai?4 ,enum]at+1 9 8 ,explanation ( ! ,lett] to ! ,galatians1 ( #aefj1 ! purposes on acc\nt ( :i* good works ought to be r5d]$1 he m5tions z ! fir/1 9 ord] to reta9 fai?1 ! ,holy ,_s1 ! grace be/[$1 & a good consci5ce4 7#bah47 ,?us ,major 0 will+ to ab&on z dang]\s & ambigu\s1 & to ab/a9 f ! use ( ! =mula1 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 b refus$ to reject x z false & to make a public admission & confession ( 8 error4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 precisely :at 8 oppon5ts dem&$2 = !y 7 conv9c$ t !y c\ld be satisfi$ ) no?+ less4 ,z a result ! controv]sy cont9u$ till ,major's dea?1 9 #aegd4 ,! ,j5a pr(essors1 notably ,flacius1 h be5 *>g$ ) prolong+ ! controv]sy f motives ( p]sonal rev5ge4 7,s*aff1 #bgf47 ,no d\bt1 ! ,witt5b]g]s _h gone to ! v limit ( r\s+ ! animosity & res5tm5t ( ,flacius 7:o himself1 inde$1 0 n blameless 9 ! language us$ aga9/ 8 oppon5ts74 ,major _h depict$ ,flacius z a mo/ base & wick$ man1 z a cunn+ & sly adv5tur]2 z a tyrant1 :o1 aft] hav+ suppress$ ! ,witt5b]g]s1 w\ld1 z a pope1 "l x ov] all ,g]many2 z an ,ant9omian & a despis] ( all good works1 etc4 7,preg] #a1 #cig47 ,9 ! address ( ,octob] #ah1 #aefg already ref]r$ to1 ,major said3 ,!re 0 9 ?is s*ool ,witt5b]g a vagabond ( unc]ta9 orig91 fa!rl&1 religion1 & fai? :o call$ himself ,flacius ,illyricus4444 ,he 0 ! fir/ "o to spew out aga9/ ?is s*ool1 aga9/ its pr9cipal ,doctors1 aga9/ ! *ur*es ( ^! regions1 aga9/ ! pr9ces !mselves1 ! poison :i* he _h brew$ & imbib$ "s "t ago1 &1 hav+ gnaw$ & consum$ ) ! bite ( a s]p5t ! womb ( 8 "m1 to de/roy ! h>mony ( ^! *ur*es1 at fir/ by spread+ 8 dreams1 fables1 & gossip b n[ also by calumnies & manife/ lies4 7,frank #b1 #bag47 ,melan*?on1 too1 _h repeat$ly writt5 9 a simil> ve94 ,9 an ,op9ion ( 81 dat$ ,m>* #d1 #aeeh1 we read3 ,ev5 if !y ,flacius & 8 adh]5ts condemn & bani% me1 ,i am well satisfi$2 = ,i d n desire to associate ) !m1 because ,i well "k t ! said ,illyricus ) 8 adh]5ts does n seek ! honor ( ,god1 b publicly opposes ! tru?1 & z yet has nev] decl>$ himself conc]n+ ! entire sum ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #dfc4 #dgf4 #caa47 ,9 an ,op9ion ( ,m>* #i1 #aeei1 ,melan*?on ev5 ins9uat$ t ,flacius d5i$ ! ,tr9ity4 7#gfc47 ,be=e ?is1 ,augu/1 #aedi1 he _h writt5 to ,fabricius3 ,! ,slavic runagate 7,slavus drapetes7 receiv$ _m b5efits f our ,academy & f me4 ,b we h nurs$ a s]p5t 9 our bosom4 ,he des]ves to be br&$ on 8 =ehead z ! ,mac$onian k+ did ) a soldi]3 ',ungrateful /rang]1 xevnos a*>i/os4' ,nor d ,i believe t ! s\rce ( 8 hatr$ is any o!r ?an t ! place ( ,crucig] 0 n giv5 to him4 ,b ,i omit ^! disagreeable n>rations4 7#g1 #ddi4 #dgh ff47 ,?is p]sonal abuse1 h[ev]1 0 n ! reason :y ,flacius p]si/$ 9 8 opposition despite ! concessions made by ,major & ,m5ius1-- concessions ) :i* ev5 su* mod]ate m5 z ,m>t9 ,*emnitz 7 n satisfi$4 ,flacius cont9u$ 8 opposition because he c\ld n d o!rwise )\t sacrific+ 8 own pr9ciples1 compromis+ ! tru?1 & jeop>diz+ ! doctr9e ( ju/ification4 ,he did n yield because he 0 satisfi$ ) no?+ less ?an a complete victory ( ! div9e tru? & an unqualifi$ retraction ( error4 ,! truly objective mann] 9 :i* he dealt ) ?is matt] appe>s f 8 ,/rictures on ! ,te/am5t ( ,dr4 ,major 7,c5sura de ,te/am5to ,d4 ,majoris74 ,"h we read1 9 sub/ance3 ,9 8 ,te/am5t ,major cov]s 8 error ) ! same sophism :i* he employ$ 9 8 =m] writ+s4 ,= he says t he ascribes ! entire effici5t cause1 m]it1 & price ( our ju/ification & salvation to ,*ri/ alone1 & !re=e excludes & removes all our works & virtues4 ,?is he has set =? m fully & m cle>ly 9 8 previ\s writ+s1 say+ t ! proposition1 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 c be und]/ood 9 a d\ble s5se2 viz41 t !y are necess>y to salvation z a c]ta9 m]it1 price1 or effici5t cause ( ju/ification or salvation 7z ! ,papi/s und]/& & tea* x71 or t !y are necess>y to salvation z a c]ta9 debt or an indisp5sable cause 7causa s9e qua non71 or a cause )\t :i* x is impossible = ! effect ( salvation to foll[ or = any "o to obta9 x4 ,he n[ confesses ?is same op9ion4 ,he does n expressly elim9ate ! indisp5sable cause1 or ! obligation )\t ! fulfilm5t ( :i* x is impossible = any "o to be pres]v$1 z he ass]t$ repeat$ly be=e ?is1 f :i* x appe>s t he adh]es to 8 old error4 ,et non dis]te tollit causam s9e qua non seu debitum1 s9e cuius p]solutione sit impossibile quemquam s]v>i1 quod toties antea ass]uit2 facile patet1 eum pri/9um illum suum errorem ret9]e4 7,s*lb4 #g1 #bff2 ,preg] #a1 #cih47 ,flacius dem&$ an unqualifi$ rejection ( ! /atem5t1 ,good works are necess>y to salvation--a dem& ) :i* ,major z well z ,melan*?on refus$ to comply4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #dgd f47 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord1 h[ev]1 sanction$ ! attitude ( ,flacius4 ,x flatly reject$ ! false & dubi\s =mulas ( ,melan*?on1 ,major1 & ,m5ius conc]n+ ! necessity ( good works to salvation1 & fully re/or$ ,lu!r's doctr9e4 ,lu!r's words conc]n+ good works are quot$ z foll[s3 ,we conc$e inde$ t in/ruction %\ld be giv5 also conc]n+ love & good works1 yet 9 su* a way t ?is be done :5 & :]e x is necess>y1 namely1 :5 o!rwise & outside ( ?is matt] ( ju/ification we h to d ) works4 ,b "h ! *ief matt] dealt ) is ! "q n :e!r we %\ld also d good works & ex]cise love1 b by :at means we c be ju/ifi$ be=e ,god & sav$4 ,& "h we answ] ) ,/4 ,paul3 t we are ju/ifi$ by fai? 9 ,*ri/ alone1 & n by ! de$s ( ! ,law or by love4 ,n t we h]eby entirely reject works & love1 z ! adv]s>ies falsely sl&] & accuse u1 b t we d n all[ ourselves to be l$ away1 z ,satan desires1 f ! *ief matt]1 ) :i* we h to d "h1 to ano!r & =eign affair1 :i* does n at all belong to ?is matt]4 ,!re=e1 :]eas & z long z we are occupi$ ) ?is article ( ju/ification1 we reject & condemn works1 s9ce ?is article is s con/itut$ t x c admit ( no disputation or treatm5t :atev] reg>d + works4 ,!re=e 9 ?is matt] we cut %ort all ,law & works ( ! ,law4 7#ibe1 #bi47 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord rejects ! ,majori/ic =mula1 n because x is ambigu\s1 b because x is false4 ,conc]n+ ambigu\s phrases x decl>es3 ,to avoid /rife ab\t words1 aequivocationes vocabulorum1 i4e41 words & expressions :i* are appli$ & us$ 9 v>i\s mean+s1 %\ld be c>efully & di/9ctly expla9$4 7#hgd1 #ea47 ,an ambigu\s phrase or /atem5t ne$ n be condemn$1 because x may be made immune f error & misappreh5sion by a c>eful explanation4 ,! /atem5t1 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 h[ev]1 does n admit ( su* treatm5t4 ,x is inh]5tly false & _c be cur$ by any am\nt ( explanation or int]pretation4 ,because ( ?is inh]5t falsity x mu/ be reject$ z su*4 ,logically & grammatically ! phrase1 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 rev]ses ! correct !ological ord]1 by plac+ works be=e fai? & sanctification be=e ju/ification4 ,x turns ?+s topsy-turvy4 ,x makes ! effect ! cause2 ! consequ5t1 ! antec$5t1 & vice v]sa4 ,n p]sonal animosity1 b ?is fundam5tal falsity ( ! ,majori/ic =mula 01 9 ! la/ analysis1 ! reason :y ! explanations & concessions made by ,major & ,m5ius did n & c\ld n satisfy _! oppon5ts4 ,!y ma9ta9$1 z expla9$ above1 t ! words necess>y to always imply some?+ t prec$es1 moves1 effects1 works1 & t1 accord+ly1 ! obnoxi\s propositions ( ,major place good works be=e ! remission ( s9s & be=e salvation4 7,preg] #a1 #cgg47 ,ev5 ,planck admits t only =ce c\ld make ! proposition1 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 say1 ,good works mu/ foll[ fai? & ju/ification4 ,accord+ to ! usage ( e language1 says he1 a phrase say+ t "o ?+ is necess>y to ano!r designates a causal connection4 ,:oev] dreamt ( ass]t+ t heat is necess>y to make x day1 because x is a necess>y effect ( ! rays ( ! sun1 by ! spread+ ( :i* x becomes day4 7#d1 #edb4 #dhe47 ,)\t compromis+ ! tru? & jeop>diz+ ! doctr9e ( ju/ification1 !re=e1 ! ,lu!rans 7 able to reg>d z satisfactory only a cle> & unequivocal rejection ( ,majorism z x is f\nd 9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 #adi4 ,absurd ,proposition ( ,amsdorf4 ,ni*olas ,amsdorf1 ! intimate & tru/$ fri5d ( ,lu!r1 0 among ! mo/ zeal\s ( ! oppon5ts ( ,majorism4 ,he 0 born ,decemb] #c1 #adhc2 pr(essor 9 ,witt5b]g2 #aeba 9 ,worms ) ,lu!r2 sup]9t5d5t 9 ,magdeburg2 #aedb bi%op at ,naumburg2 bani%$ by ,maurice 9 #aedg1 he remov$ to ,magdeburg2 soon aft] pr(essor & sup]9t5d5t 9 ,j5a2 oppos$ ! ,int]imi/s1 ,adiaphori/s1 ,osi&ri/s1 ,majori/s1 ,syn]gi/s1 ,sacram5t>ians1 ,anabapti/s1 & ,s*w5ckfeldians2 di$ at ,eis5a* ,may #ad1 #aefe4 ,reg>d+ ! bold /atem5ts ( ,major z a bl[ at ! v he>t ( true ,lu!ranism1 ,amsdorf antagoniz$ 8 tea*+ z a mo/ p]nici\s error1 & d5\nc$ ,major z a ,pelagian & a d\ble ,papi/4 ,b1 alas1 ! mom5tum ( 8 uncontroll$ zeal c>ri$ him a /ep too f>--ov] ! precipice4 ,he decl>$ t good works are detrim5tal & injuri\s to salvation1 bona op]a p]niciosa 7noxia7 esse ad salutem4 ,he def5d$ 8 p>adoxical /atem5t 9 a publication ( #aeei aga9/ ,m5ius1 ) ^: subscription to ! ,eis5a* propositions1 ref]r$ to above1 he 0 n satisfi$2 *iefly because ,m5ius said !re t he _h taught & def5d$ !m also 9 ! pa/4 ,! flagrant blund] ( ,amsdorf 0 all ! m (f5sive because x appe>$ on ! title ( 8 tract1 read+ z foll[s3 ,dass diese ,propositio3 ',gute ,w]ke s9d zur ,seligkeit s*a$li*1' e9e re*te1 wahre *ri/li*e ,propositio sei1 dur* die heilig5 ,paulum und ,lu!rum gelehrt und gepr$igt4 ,niclas von ,amsdorf1 #aeei4 ,t ?is proposition1 ',good works are injuri\s to salvation1' is a correct1 true1 ,*ri/ian proposition taught & prea*$ by ,/s4 ,paul & ,lu!r4 7,frank #b1 #bbh47 ,lu!r1 to ^: writ+s ,amsdorf appeal$1 _h spok5 v gu>d$ly & correctly 9 ?is matt]4 ,he _h decl>$3 ,good works are detrim5tal to ! righte\sness ( fai?1 if "o presumes to be ju/ifi$ by !m1 si quis p] ea praesumat iu/ific>i4 ,:]ev] ,lu!r speaks ( ! injuri\sness ( good works1 x is always sub specie iu/ificationis1 t is to say1 view+ good works z ent]+ ! article ( ju/ification1 or ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 7,weim> #g1 #ei2 #aj1 #c1 #cgc4 #cgd4 #chg2 ,e4 #af1 #dfe4 #dhd2 ,ts*ack]t1 #eaf47 ,:at vitiat$ ! proposition z f\nd 9 ,amsdorf's tract 0 ! fact t he _h omitt$ ! modification add$ by ,lu!r4 ,amsdorf made a flat /atem5t ( :at ,lu!r _h ass]t$1 n flatly1 nude et simplicit]1 b ) a limitation1 secundum quid4 ,self-evid5tly ! v5]able ,amsdorf1 too1 :o f ! v beg9n+ ( ! ,re=mation _h set an example 9 prea*+ z well z 9 liv+ a truly ,*ri/ian life1 did n 9 ! lea/ int5d to m9imize1 or disc\rage ! do+ (1 good works by 8 (f5sive phrase1 b m]ely to elim9ate good works f ! article ( ju/ification4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 8 extravagant /atem5t1 :5 tak5 z x reads1 flatly contradict$ 8 own cle> tea*+4 ,9 #aeeb he _h decl>$ aga9/ ,major1 z record$ above3 ,:o has ev] taught or said t "o %\ld or ne$ n d good works8 ,= we all say & confess t aft] 8 r5ewal & new bir? a ,*ri/ian %\ld love & fe> ,god & d all mann] ( good works1 etc4 ,:at ,amsdorf wi%$ to emphasize 0 n t good works are dang]\s 9 !mselves & z su*1 b 9 ! article ( salvation4 ,= ?is reason he add$3 ad salutem1 to salvation4 ,by ?is app5dix he meant to emphasize t good works are dang]\s :5 introduc$ z a factor 9 ju/ification & tru/$ 9 = "o's salvation4 ,melan*?on ref]s to ! proposition ( ,amsdorf z fil?y spee*1 unflaetige ,r$e4 ,9 #aeeg1 at ,worms1 he wrote3 ,n[ ,amsdorf writes3 ,good works are detrim5tal to salvation4444 ,! ,ant9omians & _! l mu/ avoid ! fil?y spee*1 ',good works are detrim5tal to salvation4' 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #dje ff47 ,?\gh unanim\sly reject+ 8 blund]+ proposition1 ,amsdorf's colleagues treat$ ! v5]able vet]an ( ,lu!ranism ) consid]ation & mod]ation4 ,no "o1 says ,frank1 disput$ ! /atem5t 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,amsdorf took x1 & its =m 0 s app>5tly false t x c\ld b be g5]ally disapprov$4 7#b1 #agf47 ,! result 0 t ! p>adox ass]tion rema9$ )\t any special hi/orical consequ5ces4 ,true1 ,major endeavor$ to foi/ ,amsdorf's tea*+ also on ,flacius4 ,he wrote3 ,flacius endeavors ) all 8 p[]s to subv]t ?is proposition1 t good works are necess>y to ^? :o are to be sav$2 & tries to e/abli% ! opposite blasphemy1 t good works are dang]\s to ^? :o are to be sav$1 & t !y area h9drance to et]nal salvation--ev]t]e summis viribus hanc propositionem conatur3 bona op]a salv&is esse necess>ia4 ,ac contra /abilire oppositam blasphemiam /udet3 ,bona op]a salv&is p]iculosa sunt et aet]nae saluti (ficiunt4 ,major cont9ues3 ,let pi\s m9ds p]mit ,flacius & 8 compe]s1 at _! own risk1 to pro/itute _! et]nal salvation to ! devils1 & by _! execrations & ana!mas to sacrifice !mselves to ! devil & 8 angels4 7,frank #b1 #bba47 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 sl&] pure & simple1 = ,flacius 0 among ! fir/ publicly to dis[n ,amsdorf :5 he made 8 extravagant /atem5t aga9/ ,m5ius4 7,preg] #a1 #cib4 #chd47 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord mo/ emphatically rejects ! error ( ,amsdorf 7! b>e /atem5t t good works are injuri\s to salvation7 z (f5sive & detrim5tal to ,*ri/ian discipl9e4 ,& ju/ly s2 = ! "q 0 n :at ,amsdorf meant to say3 b :at he really did say4 ,! ,=mula adds3 ,= especially 9 ^! la/ times x is no less1 ne$ful to admoni% m5 to ,*ri/ian discipl9e & good works1 & rem9d !m h[ necess>y x is t !y ex]cise !mselves 9 good works z a decl>ation ( _! fai? & gratitude to ,god1 ?an t works be n m+l$ 9 ! article ( ju/ification2 because m5 may be damn$ by an ,epicurean delusion conc]n+ fai?1 z well z by papi/ic & ,ph>isaical confid5ce 9 _! own works & m]its4 7#hja1 #ah47 #aej4 ,o!r ,po9ts ( ,dispute4 ,is x correct to say3 ,god requires good works1 or1 ,good works are necess>y1 &1 ,*ri/ians are oblig$ or 9 duty b\nd to d good works 7bona op]a sunt necess>ia et debita78 ,?is "q1 too1 0 a po9t ( dispute 9 ! ,majori/ic controv]sy4 ,orig9ally ! controv]sy conc]n+ ^! t]ms & phrases 0 a m]e logoma*y1 :i*1 h[ev]1 lat] on 7:51 aft] ! error lurk+ 9 ! absolute rejection ( !m _h be5 po9t$ out1 ! phrases 7 /ill flatly condemn$71 develop$ into a viol5t controv]sy4 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord expla9s3 ,x has also be5 argu$ by "s t good works are n necess>y 7noetig71 b are volunt>y 7freiwillig71 because !y are n extort$ by fe> & ! p5alty ( ! ,law1 b are to be done f a volunt>y _s & a joyful he>t4 ,ov] aga9/ ?is ! o!r side cont5d$ t good works are necess>y4 ,?is controv]sy 0 orig9ally occasion$ by ! words necessitas & lib]tas notw5dig und frei1 t is1 necess>y & free1 because especially ! ^w necessitas1 necess>y1 signifies n only ! et]nal1 immutable ord] accord+ to :i* all m5 are oblig$ & 9 duty b\nd to obey ,god1 b sometimes also a co]cion1 by :i* ! ,law =ces m5 to good works4 ,b aft]w>ds !re 0 a disputation n only conc]n+ ! words1 b ! doctr9e itself 0 attack$ 9 ! mo/ viol5t mann]1 & x 0 cont5d$ t ! new ob$i5ce 9 ! reg5]ate is n necess>y because ( ! above-m5tion$ div9e ord]4 7#ici1 #d;f47 ,f ! v beg9n+ ( ! ,re=mation ! ,romani/s _h sl&]$ ,lu!r also by ma9ta9+ t he condemn$ good works & simply d5i$ _! necessity4 ,a simil> *>ge 0 made by ! ,majori/s aga9/ _! oppon5ts g5]ally4 ,& ,melan*?on's writ+s1 too1 frequ5tly create ! same impression4 ,b x 0 an inf]5ce ( _! own4 ,!y argu$3 ,if good works are n necess>y to salvation1 !y _c be necess>y at all4 ,wig& wrote3 ,x is a mo/ malici\s & insidi\s trait 9 ! new tea*]s ! ,majori/s t !y1 9 ord] to gloss ov] _! case1 cry out ) ! ,papi/s t ! controv]sy is :e!r good works are necess>y4 ,b ?is is n 9 dispute1 = no ,*ri/ian ev] d5i$ x4 ,good works are necess>y2 t is c]ta9ly true4 ,b ! conflict arises f ! app5dix atta*$ to x1 & ! pat* pa/$ to x1 viz41 'to salvation4' ,& "h all ,god-fe>+ m5 say t x is a detrim5tal1 (f5sive1 damnable1 papi/ic app5dix4 7,planck #d1 #dih4 #edd47 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t ! ,ant9omians 7:o w be dealt ) m ext5sively 9 a foll[+ *apt]7 z well z sev]al o!r oppon5ts ( ! ,majori/s 7 unwill+ to all[ ! /atem5t1 ,good works are necess>y4 ,falsely int]pret+ ! proposition z necess>ily imply+1 n m]ely moral obligation1 b also compulsion & co]cion1 !y reject$ x z unevangelical & semipopi%4 ,! ^w mu/ is "h n 9 place1 !y prote/$4 ,agricola1 z well z ! lat] ,ant9omians 7,poa* & ,otto71 reject$ ! expressions necess>ium1 necess>y & duty1 debitum1 :5 employ$ 9 connection ) good works4 ,janu>y #ac1 #aeee1 ,melan*?on wrote3 ,"s object to ! words1 ',good works are necess>y1' or1 ',"o mu/ d good works4' ,!y object to ! two words necessitas & debitum4 ,& ! ,c\rt-prea*] ,agricola at t "t juggl$ ) ! ^w mu/3 'das ,muss i/ v]salz54' ,he und]/ood necess>ium & debitum z mean+1 co]c$ by fe> ( puni%m5t1 extortum coactione 7extort$ by co]cion71 & spoke high-s\nd+ words1 su* z1 h[ good works came )\t ! ,law4 ,yet ! fir/ mean+ ( necess>ium & debitum is n extortum coactione1 b ! et]nal & immutable ord] ( div9e wisdom2 & ! ,"l ,*ri/ & ,paul !mselves employ ^! words necess>ium & debitum4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #aeeg1 he wrote3 ,!y ! ,ant9omians object to ! proposition3 ',new ob$i5ce is necess>y2' aga93 ',new ob$i5ce is a debt 7debitum74' ,& n[ ,amsdorf writes3 ',good works are detrim5tal to salvation1'& x 0 ,eisleb5's ,agricola's slogan3 ',das ,muss i/ v]salz54' ,9 ,nordhaus5 "s "o has publicly ann\nc$ a disputation :i* conta9s ! proposition3 ',summa ars ,*riatianorum e/ nescire legem4--,! highe/ art ( a ,*ri/ian is n to "k ! ,law4' ,m>* #d1 #aeeh3 ,"s1 = in/ance1 ,amsdorf & ,gallus1 object to ! ^w debitum4 7,c4 ,r4 #h1 #daa4 #aid4 #hdb2 #i1 #dje4 #dgd47 ,&rew ,musculus1 pr(essor 9 ,frankfurt on ! ,od]1 is report$ to h said 9 a s]mon1 #aeeh3 ,!y are all ! devil's own :o tea*3 ',new ob$i5ce is necess>y 7nova ob$i5tia e/ necess>ia7'2 ! ^w 'mu/ 7necess>y7' does n belong "h4 ',good works are necess>y to salvation1' &1 ',good works are necess>y1 b n to salvation'--^! are bo? ( a clo?--das s9d zwei ,hos5 aus ,,e9em ,tu*4 7,meusel1 ,h&lexikon #d1 #gaj2 ,giesel] #c1 #b1 #baf47 ,ov] aga9/ ?is extreme position1 ,melan*?on1 ,flacius1 ,wig&1 ,mo]l91 & o!rs held t x 0 entirely correct to say t good works are necess>y4 ,9 ! ,op9ion ( ,novemb] #ac1 #aeei1 ref]r$ to above1 ,melan*?on1 aft] /at+ t he does n employ ! phrase1 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 cont9ues z foll[s3 ,b ,i d affirm t ^! propositions are true1 & t "o may prop]ly & )\t sophi/ry say1 ',! new ob$i5ce or good works are necess>y1' because ob$i5ce is due to ,god & because x is necess>y t1 aft] ! ,holy ,_s has be5 receiv$1 reg5]ation or conv]sion be foll[$ by motions correspond+ to ! ,holy ,_s4444 ,& ! words 'duty' & 'necessity' signify ! ord] ( ,god's wisdom & ju/ice2 !y d n signify an ob$i5ce :i* is compell$ or extort$ by fe>4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #ifi47 ,! ,frankfurt ,rezess ( #aeeh ,rezess1 ,rueckzug1 ,v]glei* ,agreem5t1 writt5 by ,melan*?on & sign$ by ! ,lu!ran pr9ces1 decl>$3 ,^! propositions1 ',nova ob$i5tia e/ necess>ia1 nova ob$i5tia e/ debitum1 ,new ob$i5ce is necess>y1 is a debt1' %all n be reject$4 ,! ,rezess expla9$3 ,x is c]ta9ly a div9e1 immovable tru? t new ob$i5ce is necess>y 9 ^? :o are ju/ifi$2 & ^! words are to be reta9$ 9 _! true mean+4 ',necess>y' signifies div9e ord]4 ,new ob$i5ce is necess>y & is a debt = ! v reason t x is an immutable div9e ord] t ! rational creature obeys ,god4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #dif4 #dih47 ,9 a simil> way ?is matt] 0 expla9$ by ,flacius & o!r !ologians4 ,!y all ma9ta9$ t x is correct to say1 ,good works are necess>y4 ,ev5 ,amsdorf wrote #aeeb 9 8 ,brief ,in/ruction aga9/ ,major3 ,= we all say & confess t a ,*ri/ian aft] 8 r5ewal & new bir? %\ld & mu/ 7soll und muss7 love & fe> ,god & d all mann] ( good works1 b n 9 ord] to be sav$ !reby1 = he is sav$ already by fai?4 7,s*lb4 #g1 #baj47 ,?is view1 :i* 0 also pla9ly taught 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession1 prevail$ & receiv$ ! sanction ( our ,*ur* 9 ,article ,,iv ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,:5 a ,*ri/ian spontane\sly & by ! free impulse ( 8 own fai? does 7& w\ld d1 ev5 if !re 7 no law at all7 :at1 accord+ to ! holy w ( ,god1 reveal$ 9 ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 he is oblig$ & 9 duty b\nd to d--su* works1 & su* only1 are1 accord+ to ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 truly good works1 works pleas+ to ,god4 ,x 0 ! doctr9e ( ,lu!r1 :o _h writt51 e4g41 9 8 ,*ur* ,po/il ( #aeba3 ,no1 de> man1 y _c e>n heav5 by y\r good works1 b y mu/ h heav5 & already be sav$ be=e y d good works4 ,works d n m]it heav51 b1 on ! contr>y1 heav51 imp>t$ by pure grace1 does good works spontane\slv1 seek+ no m]it1 b only ! welf>e ( ! neighbor & ! glory ( ,god4 ,ne91 lieb] ,m5s*1 du mus/ d5 ,himmel hab5 und s*on selig se91 ehe du gute ,w]ke tu/4 ,die ,w]ke v]di55 ni*t d5 ,himmel1 sond]n wi$]um umgekehrt1 d] ,himmel1 aus laut] ,gnad5 gegeb51 tut die gut5 ,w]ke dah91 ohne ,gesu* des ,v]di5/es1 nur dem ,nae*/5 zu ,nutz und ,gott zu ,ehr54 7,e4 #g1 #agd47 ,aga91 9 ,de ,s]vio ,arbitrio ( #aebe3 ,! *ildr5 ( ,god d good entirely volunt>ily1 seek+ no rew>d1 b only ! glory & w ( ,god1 ready to d ! good ev5 if1 assum+ ! impossible1 !re 7 nei!r heav5 nor hell4 ,filii autem ,dei gratuita voluntate faciunt bonum1 nullum praemium qua]5tes1 s$ solam gloriam et voluntatem ,dei1 p>ati bonum fac]e1 si p] impossibile neque regnum neque inf]nus esset4 7,e4 v4 a4 #g1 #bcd47 ,,xiv4 ,! ,syn]gi/ic ,controv]sy4 #aea4 ,relation ( ,majorism & ,syn]gism4 ,! !ological connection betwe5 ,majorism & syn]gism is mu* clos] ?an is g5]ally realiz$4 ,bo? ma9ta9 t1 9 "p1 or 9 a c]ta9 respect1 salvation dep5ds n on grace alone1 b also on man & 8 ef=ts4 ,! ,majori/s decl>$ good works to be necess>y to salvation1 or at lea/ to ! pres]vation ( fai? & ( salvation4 ,?us salvation w\ld1 9 a way1 dep5d on ! "r conduct ( a ,*ri/ian aft] 8 conv]sion4 ,! ,syn]gi/s ass]t$3 ,man1 too1 mu/ d 8 bit & coop]ate ) ! ,holy ,_s if he desires to be sav$4 ,conv]sion & salvation1 !re=e1 w\ld dep5d1 at lea/ 9 "p1 on man's conduct t[>d conv]t+ grace1 & he w\ld be ju/ifi$ & sav$1 n by grace alone1 b by a fai? :i* to a c]ta9 ext5t is a "w ( 8 own4 ,! burd5 ( bo?1 ,majorism & syn]gism1 0 ! d5ial ( ! sola gratia4 ,bo? coord9at$ man & ,god z ! causes ( our salvation4 ,inde$1 consi/5tly c>ri$ out1 bo? de/roy$ ! c5tral ,*ri/ian tru? ( ju/ification by grace alone &1 ) x1 ! assurance ( a graci\s ,god & ( et]nal salvation--! supreme religi\s conc]n ( ,lu!r & ! entire ,lu!ran !ology4 ,majori/s & ,syn]gi/s employ$ also ! same l9e ( argum5t4 ,bo? d]iv$ _! doctr9e1 n f any cle> /atem5ts ( ! ,bible1 b by a process ( anti-,scriptural & fallaci\s reason+4 ,! ,majori/s inf]r$3 ,s9ce evil works & s9s aga9/ consci5ce de/roy fai? & ju/ification1 good works are requir$ = _! pres]vation4 ,! ,syn]gi/s argu$3 ,s9ce all :o are n conv]t$ or f9ally sav$ mu/ blame1 n ,god1 b !mselves = reject+ grace1 ^?1 too1 :o are conv]t$ mu/ be cr$it$ ) at lea/ a small %>e 9 ! "w ( _! salvation1 t is to say1 ) a bett] conduct t[>d grace ?an ! conduct ( ^? :o are lo/4 ,h[ev]1 :ile ,majorism z well z syn]gism1 z /at$1 repres5t$ ess5tially ! same error & argu$ aga9/ ! doctr9e ( grace 9 ! same unscriptural mann]1 ! m subtle1 veil$1 & h5ce ! m dang]\s ( ! two1 no d\bt1 0 syn]gism1 :i* r$uc$ man's coop]ation to a seem+ly h>mless m9imum &1 especially 9 ! beg9n+1 endeavor$ to clo! itself 9 ambigu\s phrases & app>5tly pi\s & plausible =mulas4 ,p]haps ?is acc\nts also = ! fact t1 ?\gh ,melan*?on & ! ,majori/s felt con/ra9$ to ab&on z describ$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 ! co>s] & m (f5sive ,majori/ic propositions1 !y _h at ! same "t no compunctions ab\t reta9+ & def5d+ ess5tially ! same error 9 _! doctr9e ( conv]sion2 & t1 on ! o!r h&1 _! oppon5ts1 :o by t "t fully realiz$ also ! vici\sness ( syn]gism1 7 n satisfi$ ) ,major's concessions 9 ! controv]sy on good works1 because he & 8 colleagues 9 ,witt5b]g 7 kn[n to id5tify !mselves ) ! ,syn]gi/s4 ,= ! same reason ! dang]\s error lurk+ 9 ! syn]gi/ic phrases does n seem f ! fir/ to h be5 recogniz$ by ! ,lu!rans 9 ! same degree z 0 ! error conta9$ 9 ! ,majori/ic propositions1 :i* inde$ _h ev5 dur+ ,lu!r's life to "s ext5t become a subject ( dispute4 ,yet x seems h>dly possible t = ye>s !y %\ld n h detect$ ! syn]gi/ic deviations 9 ,witt5b]g f ,lu!r's doctr9e ( free w4 ,p]haps ! fact t at ! "t :5 ,melan*?on came out boldly ) 8 syn]gism1 #aedh1 ! ,lu!rans 7 engross$ ) ! ,adiaphori/ic & ,majori/ic controv]sies may help to expla91 at lea/ to "s ext5t1 :y ! syn]gi/ic error caus$ small conc]n1 & 0 giv5 b little consid]ation 9 ! beg9n+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 al?\gh a consid]able am\nt ( syn]gi/ic mat]ial _h be5 publi%$ by #aedh1 ! controv]sy did n beg9 till #aeef1 :ile ! error t good works are necess>y to salvation 0 publicly oppos$ soon aft] its reappe>ance 9 ! ,leipzig ,int]im4 ,at ! ,weim> ,disputation1 #aefj1 ,/rigel ref]r$ to ?is sil5ce1 say+3 ,i am a/oni%$ t ,i am press$ s mu* 9 ?is matt] conc]n+ syn]gism1 s9ce ?ree ye>s ago at ,worms no m5tion :atev] 8 0 made ( ?is controv]sy1 :ile _m sev]e comm&s 7 giv5 reg>d+ o!rs4 7,ri*>d1 ,conf4 ,pr941 #cdi47 ,! matt] 0 m5tion$ at ,worms1 b ,melan*?on is report$ to h satisfi$ ,br5z & o!rs by decl>+ t 9 ! passages ( 8 ,loci suspect$ ( syn]gism he meant ! reg5]at$ w4 #aeb4 ,lu!r's ,mon]gism4 ,accord+ to ,lu!ran !ology1 ! true opposite ( syn]gism is n ,calv9ism ) its d\ble election1 irresi/ible grace1 d5ial ( univ]sal r$emption1 etc41 b ! mon]gism ( grace1 embrac+ p>ticul>ly ! t5ets t 9 consequ5ce ( ,adam's fall man is spiritually dead & utt]ly unable to contribute 9 any degree or mann] t[>d 8 own ju/ification & conv]sion2 moreov]1 t1 be+ an enemy ( ,god1 man1 ( 8 own natural p[]s1 is active only 9 resi/+ ! sav+ ef=ts ( ,god1 z well z able & prone only to d s2 t ,god alone & 9 e respect is ! ,au?or ( man's conv]sion1 p]sev]ance1 & f9al salvation2 & t1 s9ce ! grace ( ,god is univ]sal & e>ne/ly pr(f]$1 man alone is responsible =1 & ! cause (1 8 own damnation4 ,sola fides iu/ificat1 ,fai? alone ju/ifies--t 0 ! great slogan ( ! ,re=mation s\nd$ =? by ,lu!r & 8 foll[]s ) ev] increas+ boldness1 =ce & volume4 ,& ! di/9ct mean+ ( ?is proposition1 :i* ,lu!r call$ hoc meum dogma1 ?is my dogma1 0 j ?is1 t we are sav$ n by any ef=t or "w ( our own1 b 9 e respect by ,god's grace alone4 ,! re/oration ( ?is wond]ful tru?1 taught by ,/4 ,paul1 made ,lu!r ! ,re=m] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is tru? alone1 z ,lu!r _h exp]i5c$1 is able to imp>t solid com=t to a t]ror-/rick5 consci5ce1 eng5d] div9e assurance ( ,god's p>don & acceptance1 & ?us translate a poor mis]able s9n] f ! t]rors ( hell into p>adise4 ,9 ! ,sev5 ,p5it5tial ,psalms1 writt5 #aeag1 ,lu!r says3 ,if ,god's m]cy is to be prais$1 !n all human m]its & wor?9ess mu/ come to naught4 7,weim> #a1 #afa47 ,n su* are bless$ z h no s9s or extricate !mselves by _! own labors1 b only ^? ^: s9s are graci\sly =giv5 by ,god4 7#afg47 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ,god 7es i/ ,gottes ,natur7 to make some?+ out ( no?+4 ,h5ce ,god _c make any?+ out ( him :o is n z yet no?+4444 ,!re=e ,god receives none b ! =sak51 heals none b ! ill1 gives sight to none b ! bl9d1 quick5s none b ! dead1 makes pi\s none b ! s9n]s1 makes wise none b ! ignorant1--9 %ort1 ,he has m]cy on none b ! mis]able1 & gives grace to none b ^? :o are 9 disgrace4 ,:oev] !re=e1 is a pr\d sa9t1 wise or j1 _c become ,god's mat]ial & receive ,god's "w )9 himself1 b rema9s 9 8 own "w & makes an imag9>y1 seem+1 false1 & pa9t$ sa9t ( himself1 i4e41 a hypocrite4 7#ahc47 ,= he :om ,?\ ,god do/ ju/ify w nev] become righte\s by 8 works2 h5ce x is call$ ,?y righte\sness1 s9ce ,?\ give/ x to u by grace1 & we d n obta9 x by works4 7#aib47 ,israel ! true new man1 does n take refuge 9 himself1 nor 9 8 /r5g?1 nor 9 8 righte\sness & wisdom4444 ,= help & grace is n ) !mselves4 ,!y are s9n]s & damn$ 9 !mselves1 z ,he also says ?r\gh ,hosea3 ,o ,israel1 ) !e !re is no?+ b damnation1 b ) ,me is ?9e help4 7#baj47 ,he1 ,he1 ,god ,himself1 n !y !mselves1 w deliv] ! true ,israel4444 ,m>k well1 ,israel has s9 & _c help itself4 7#baa47 ,9 8 explanation ( ,ps4 #aji 7#aaj71 #aeah1 ,lu!r says3 ,he calls ^! *ildr5 conceiv$ f spiritual se$1 ! ,^w ( ,god dew1 s9ce no s\l is conv]t$ & trans=m$ f ,adam's s9ful *ildhood to ! graci\s *ildhood ( ,*ri/ by human "w1 b only by ,god1 :o works f heav5 l ! dew1 z ,micah writes3 ',! *ildr5 ( ,israel w be l ! dew giv5 by ,god :i* does n wait = ! h&s ( m54' 7#gja47 ,aga93 ,9 e s+le man ,god prec$es ) grace & works be=e we pray = grace or coop]ate4 ,! ,doctors call ?is gratiam primam et praev5i5tem1 t is1 ! fir/ & prev5i5t grace4 ,augu/9e3 ,gratia ,dei praev5it1 ut velimus1 ne fru/ra velimus4 ,god's grace prev5es t we w1 le/ we w 9 va94 7#gaj47 ,9 8 #dj !ses = ! ,heidelb]g disputation1 also ( #aeah1 ,lu!r says ( man's p[]s 9 spiritual matt]s3 #ac4 ,free w aft] s9 ! ,fall is a m]e titul> affair an empty title only1 & s9s mortally :5 x does :at x is able to d4 ,lib]um arbitrium po/ peccatum res e/ de solo titulo et dum facit1 quod 9 se e/1 peccat mortalit]4 #af4 ,a man desir\s ( obta9+ grace by do+ :at he is able to d adds s9 to s91 becom+ d\bly guilty4 ,homo putans1 se ad gratiam velle p]v5ire faci5do1 quod e/ 9 se1 peccatum addit peccato1 ut duplo reus fiat4 #ah4 ,x is c]ta9 t a man mu/ utt]ly despair ( himself 9 ord] to become apt to acquire ! grace ( ,*ri/4 ,c]tum e/1 hom9em de se p5itus oport]e desp]>e1 ut aptus fiat ad consequ5dam gratiam ,*ri/i4 7,w4 #a1 #ced47 ,by way ( explanation ,lu!r add$ to !sis #ac3 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is !sis1 t free w is a m]e empty title is app>5t1 because ! w is a captive & a s]vant to s91 n t x is no?+1 b t x is free only to d evil--non quod sit nihil1 s$ quod non sit lib]um nisi ad malum4 ,john #h1 #cd4 #cf3 ',:osoev] committe? s9 is ! s]vant ( s94 ,if ! ,son %all make y free1 ye %all be free inde$4' ,h5ce1 ,/4 ,augu/9e says 9 8 book ,de ,spiritu et ,lit]a3 ,free w )\t grace c only s9--non nisi ad pecc&um valet4 ,& 9 8 second book aga9/ ,julianus3 ,y call t a free w :i* 9 tru? is captive1 etc4 ,to !sis #af ,lu!r add$3 ,:5 man does :at he is able to d 7dum facit1 quod e/ 9 se71 he s9s1 seek+ altoge!r 8 own4 ,& if he is m9d$ to become wor?y (1 & apt =1 grace by a s91 he adds pr\d presumption4 ,9 8 s]mon ( #aeai on ,g5esis #d1 ,lu!r rem>k$3 ,?is passage ',! ,"l _h respect unto ,abel' subv]ts ! entire lib]ty ( our human w4 ,hic locus semel inv]tit univ]sam lib]tatem voluntatis no/rae4 7,weim> #i1 #ccg47 ,9 a s]mon ( ,septemb] #h1 #aebj1 we read3 ,by nature we are born accurs$2444 ?r\gh ,*ri/ we are born aga9 *ildr5 ( life4 ,?us we are born n by free w1 n by works1 n by our ef=ts4 ,z a *ild 9 ! womb is n born by its own works1 b suff]s itself to be c>ri$ & to be giv5 bir?1 s we are ju/ifi$ by suff]+1 n by do+4 7#dgd47 ,:]e1 !n1 ,lu!r exclaim$ ab\t ! same "t 9 8 ,op]ationes 9 ,psalmos1 w free w rema98 :]e ! do+ :at "o c8 ,ubi ergo manebit lib]um arbitrium1 ubi fac]e quod 9 se8 7#e1 #edd4 #gd47 ,9 a s]mon ( ,febru>y #b1 #aeba1 he said3 ,:atev] grace is 9 u comes f ,god alone4 ,"h free w is entirely dead4 ,all t we attempt to e/abli% ) our p[]s is lo/ unless ,he prev5es & makes u alive ?r\gh ,8 grace4 ,grace is ,8 own "w1 :i* we receive 9 our he>ts by fai?4 ,?is grace ! s\l did n possess be=e1 = x is ! new man4444 ,! great pr\d sa9ts w n d ?is ascribe ev]y?+ to ,god & ,8 m]cy4 ,!y1 too1 w\ld h a %>e 9 x1 say+ to our ,"l3 ',?is ,i h done by my free w1 ?is ,i h des]v$4' 7#i1 #egc2 #e1 #edd47 ,?us ,lu!r1 f ! v beg9n+ ( ! ,re=mation1 /ood = ! doctr9e ( ju/ification1 conv]sion1 & salvation by grace alone4 ,mo/ emphatically he d5i$ t man ?\gh free to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 human & temporal affairs1 is able to coop]ate ) ! p[]s ( 8 natural1 unreg5]ate w 9 matt]s spiritual & p]ta9+ to ,god4 ,?is 0 also ! position :i* ,lu!r victori\sly def5d$ aga9/ ,erasmus 9 8 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio ( #aebe4 ,goad$ on by ! ,romani/s to come out publicly aga9/ ! ,g]man h]etic1 ! great ,humani/1 9 8 ,diatribe ( #aebd1 _h %rewdly plann$ to attack 8 oppon5t at ! mo/ vuln]able po9t4 ,z su* he reg>d$ ,lu!r's mon]gi/ic doctr9e1 accord+ to :i* x is ,god alone :o ju/ifies1 conv]ts1 pres]ves1 & saves m51 )\t any works ( _! own4 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 z pres5tly appe>$ f 8 glori\s classic on ! sola-gratia doctr9e1 ,erasmus _h assault$ ! /ronge/ gate ( ,lu!r's =tress4 ,= ! s\rce ( ! wond]ful p[] :i* ,lu!r display$ ?r\gh\t ! ,re=mation 0 none o!r ?an ! div9e conviction born ( ! ,^w ( ,god t 9 e respect grace alone is ! cause ( our ju/ification & salvation4 ,& if ev] ?is bless$ doctr9e 0 firmly e/abli%$1 successfully def5d$1 & greatly glorifi$1 x 0 9 ,lu!r's book aga9/ ,erasmus4 ,ju/ification1 conv]sion1 p]sev]ance 9 fai?1 & f9al salvation1 obta9$ n by any ef=t ( ours1 b 9 e respect receiv$ z a graci\s gift ( ,god alone--t 0 ! tea*+ also to :i* ,lu!r fai?fully1 mo/ det]m9$ly1 & )\t any wav]+ adh]$ ?r\gh\t 8 life4 ,9 8 ,l>ge ,confession ( #aebh1 = example1 we read3 ,h]e) ,i reject & condemn z no?+ b error all dogmas :i* extol our free w1 z !y directly conflict ) ?is help & grace ( our ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,= s9ce outside ( ,*ri/ dea? & s9 are our lords1 & ! devil our god & pr9ce1 !re c be no p[] or might1 no wisdom or und]/&+1 :]eby we c qualify ourselves =1 or /rive aft]1 righte\sness & life2 b we mu/ be bl9d$ p & prison]s ( s9 & ! devil's own1 to d & to ?9k :at pleases !m & is contr>y to ,god & ,8 comm&m5ts4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #hig1 #dc47 #aec4 ,lu!r's ,doctr9e ,endors$4 ,to adh]e fai?fully to ,lu!r's doctr9e ( conv]sion & salvation by grace alone 0 also ! det]m9ation ( ! loyal ,lu!rans 9 _! opposition to ! ,syn]gi/s4 ,planck correctly rem>ks t ! doctr9e :i* ,flacius & ! ,anti-,syn]gi/s def5d$ 0 ! v doctr9e :i* ,lu!r advocat$ 9 8 conflict ) ,erasmus4 7,prot4 ,lehrbegriff #d1 #ffg47 ,?is 0 sub/antially conc$$ ev5 by ! oppon5ts4 ,:51 = example1 at ! colloquy 9 ,worms1 #aeeg1 ! ,romani/s dem&$ t ,flacius's doctr9e ( free w be condemn$ by ! ,lu!rans1 ,melan*?on decl>$ t h]e9 "o ought n to submit to ! ,papi/s1 :o slyly1 "u ! "n ( ,illyricus ,flacius1 dem&$ ! condemnation ( ,lu!r1 ^: op9ion 9 ! doctr9e ( free w he ,melan*?on 0 nei!r able nor will+ to condemn4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bcb47 ,9 _! ,confession1 publi%$ 9 ,m>*1 #aefi1 ! !ologians ( ,ducal ,saxony 7,wig&1 ,coele/91 ,ir5aeus1 ,kir*n]1 etc47 decl>$3 ,we also add t we embrace ! doctr9e & op9ion ( ,dr4 ,lu!r1 ! ,elias ( ^! latt] days ( ! _w1 z x is mo/ lum9\sly & skilfully set =? 9 ! book ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio1 aga9/ ,erasmus1 9 ! ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis1 & 9 o!r books2 & we hold t ?is tea*+ ( ,lu!r agrees ) ! et]nal ,^w ( ,god4 7,s*luesselburg1 ,catalogus #e1 #acc47 ,lu!r's sola-gratia-doctr9e 0 embodi$ also 9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 & ?is ) a special endorsem5t ( 8 book ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio4 ,= "h we read3 ,ev5 s ,dr4 ,lu!r wrote ( ?is matt] ! doctr9e t our free w has no p[] :atev] to qualify itself = righte\sness1 etc4 also 9 8 book ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio2 i4e41 ,( ! ,captive ,w ( ,man1 9 opposition to ,erasmus1 & elucidat$ & support$ ?is position well & ?or\ghly egregie et solide2 & aft]w>d he repeat$ & expla9$ x 9 8 glori\s exposition ( ! book ( ,g5esis1 especially ( *apt] #bf4 ,!re likewise 8 mean+ & und]/&+ ( "s o!r peculi> disputations introduc$ incid5tally by ,erasmus1 z ( absolute necessity1 etc41 h be5 secur$ by him 9 ! be/ & mo/ c>eful way aga9/ all misund]/&+ & p]v]sion2 to :i* we also h]eby appeal & ref] o!rs4 7#hig1 #dd2 #iha1 #bh47 ,9 ! passage ( 8 ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis ref]r$ to by ! ,=mula1 ,lu!r does n1 z has be5 claim$1 retract or modify 8 =m] /atem5ts conc]n+ ! inability ( ! human w & ! mon]gism ( grace1 b emphasizes t1 9 read+ ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio1 "o mu/ he$ & n ov]look 8 frequ5t admonitions to conc]n oneself ) ,god z ,he has reveal$ ,himself 9 ! ,gospel1 & n speculate conc]n+ ,god 9 ,8 transc5d5ce1 absolut5ess1 & maje/y1 z ! ,"o 9 :om we live & move & h our be+1 & )\t :om no?+ c ei!r exi/ or occur1 & ^: wond]ful ways are pa/ f9d+ out4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl41 #hih47 ,& ! fact t ! ,lu!ran !ologians1 liv+ at ! "t & imm$iately aft] ! fram+ ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 object$ nei!r to ! book ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio itself nor to its public endorsem5t by ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 is an additional pro( ( ! fact t !y 7 9 complete agreem5t ) ,lu!r's tea*+ ( conv]sion & salvation by grace alone4 7,frank #a1 #abj47 ,?is sola-gratia-doctr9e1 ! vital tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 r$iscov]$ & proclaim$ once m by ,lu!r1 01 z /at$1 ! t>get at :i* ,erasmus direct$ 8 %afts4 ,9 8 ,diatribe he def9$ ! p[] ( free w to be ! faculty ( apply+ oneself to grace 7facultas applic&i se ad gratiam71 & decl>$ t ^? are ! be/ !ologians :o1 :ile ascrib+ z mu* z possible to ! grace ( ,god1 d n elim9ate ?is human factor4 ,he wrote3 ,free w is ! ability ( ! human w accord+ to :i* man is able ei!r to turn himself to :at leads to et]nal salvation or to turn away f x4 7,/4,l4 #ah1 #afab47 ,aga93 ,^?1 !re=e1 :o are f>!/ ap>t f ! views ( ,pelagius ascribe to grace ! mo/1 b to free w almo/ no?+2 yet !y d n aboli% x entirely4 ,!y say t man _c w any?+ good )\t special grace1 _c beg9 any?+ good1 _c cont9ue 9 x1 _c complete any?+ )\t ! *ief ?+1 ! con/ant help ( div9e grace4 ,?is op9ion seems to be pretty probable because x leaves to man a /riv+ & an ef=t1 & yet does n admit t he is to ascribe ev5 ! lea/ to 8 own p[]s4 7#afai47 ,"o mu/ avoid extremes1 & seek ! middle ( ! road1 said ,erasmus4 ,pelagius _h fall5 into ,scylla1 & ,lu!r into ,*>ybdis4 ,i am pleas$ ) ! op9ion ( ^? :o ascribe to free w some?+1 b to grace by f> ! mo/4 7#afff47 ,ess5tially1 ?is 0 ! error held1 nurs$1 & def5d$ also by ! ,syn]gi/s1 ?\gh frequ5tly 9 m gu>d$ & ambigu\s phrases4 ,b _! !ory ( conv]sion also involv$1 z ,s*aff & ,s*mauk put x1 ! idea ( a p>tn]%ip betwe5 ,god & man1 & a correspond+ division ( "w & m]it4 7,conf4 ,pr9ciple1 #fjj47 ,h[ev]1 ^! attempts to revamp ! ,semi-,pelagian tea*+ result$ 9 a controv]sy :i* m & long] ?an any o!r endang]$ & disquiet$ ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 be=e z well z aft] ! adoption ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,:e!r ! unreg5]ate man1 :5 ! ,^w ( ,god is prea*$1 & ! grace ( ,god is (f]$ him1 is able to prep>e himself = grace1 accept x1 & ass5t !reto1 01 accord+ to ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 ! "q ^u :i*1 = q a numb] ( ye>s n[1 !re has be5 a controv]sy among "s !ologians 9 ! *ur*es ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 7#hha1 #b47 ,& ( all ! controv]sies aft] ,lu!r's dea? ! syn]gi/ic controv]sy 0 mo/ mom5t\s & consequ5tial4 ,= ! doctr9e ( grace ) :i* x dealt is ! vital brea? ( e ,*ri/ian4 ,)\t x nei!r fai? nor ! ,*ri/ian religion c live & rema94 ,if we believe1 says ,lu!r 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio1 t ,*ri/ has r$eem$ m5 by ,8 blood1 !n we mu/ confess t ! entire man 0 lo/2 o!rwise we make ,*ri/ sup]flu\s or ! ,r$eem] ( b ! meane/ "p ( u1 :i* is blasphem\s & sacrilegi\s4 ,read+ ! book ( ,erasmus1 9 :i* he b5t e ef=t t[>d explod+ ! doctr9e ( grace1 ,lu!r felt ! h& ( 8 oppon5t clut*+ 8 ?roat4 ,9 ! clos+ p>agraph ( ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio ,lu!r wrote3 ,i highly laud & extol y = ?is ?+ also1 t ( all o!rs y alone h gone to ! he>t ( ! subject4444 ,y alone h disc]n$ ! core ( ! matt] & h aim$ at ! ?roat1 = :i* ,i ?ank y he>tily4--,unus tu et solus c>d9em r]um vidi/i1 et ipsum iugulum peti/i1 pro quo ex animo tibi gratias ago1 9 hac enim causa lib5tius v]sor1 quantum favet tempus et otium4 7,e4 v4 a4 #g1 #cfg4 #acg2 ,/4 ,l4 #ah1 #aifg2 ,piep]1 ,dogm4 #b1 #edc47 ,& s ! ,syn]gi/s1 :o r5ew$ ! doctr9e ( ,erasmus1 also flew at ! ?roat ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,g5u9e ,lu!ranism w\ld h be5 /rangl$ if syn]gism _h em]g$ victori\s f ?is great controv]sy ( grace v]sus free w4 #aed4 ,! ,fa!r ( ,syn]gism4 ,dur+ ! fir/ p]iod ( 8 activity 9 ,witt5b]g1 ,melan*?on 0 9 p]fect agreem5t ) ,lu!r also on ! "q ( man's inability 9 spiritual matt]s & ! sole activity1 or mon]gism1 ( grace 9 ! "w ( 8 salvation4 ,z late z #aecj he incorporat$ ^! views 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession1 z appe>s1 9 p>ticul>1 f ,articles ,,ii1 ,v1 ,,xviii1 & ,,xix4 ,8 lat] doctr9e conc]n+ ! ?ree concurr+ causes ( conv]sion 7! ,holy ,_s1 ! ,^w1 & ! cons5t+ w ( man71 z well z 8 !ory expla9+ syn]gi/ically1 f an alleg$ dissimil> action 9 man1 ! diff]5ce :y "s are sav$ :ile o!rs are lo/1 is n s mu* z h9t$ at 9 ! ,confession4 ,b ev5 at ?is e>ly date 7#aecj7 or soon aft]1 ,melan*?on also does n seem any long] to h agre$ :ole-he>t$ly ) ,lu!r 9 ! doctr9e ( grace & free w4 ,& 9 ! c\rse ( "t 8 !ology drift$ f>!r & f>!r f its orig9al mon]gi/ic moor+s4 ,nor 0 ,lu!r :olly unaw>e ( ! secret tr5d ( 8 colleague & fri5d t[>d--,erasmus4 ,9 #aecf1 :5 ! deviations ( ,melan*?on & ,crucig]1 dealt ) 9 our previ\s *apt]1 7 br\ght to 8 notice1 ,lu!r exclaim$3 ,haec e/ ipsissima !ologia ,erasmi4 ,?is is ! id5tical !ology ( ,erasmus1 nor c !re be any?+ m oppos$ to our doctr9e4 7,kolde1 ,analecta1 #bff47 ,t ,melan*?on's !ology 0 v]g+ t[>d ,erasmus appe>s f 8 lett] ( ,june #bb1 #aecg1 to ,veit ,dietri*1 9 :i* he said t he desir$ a m ?or\gh exposition also ( ! doctr9es ( pr$e/9ation & ( ! cons5t ( ! w4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #chc47 ,be=e ?is1 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,romans ( #aecb1 he _h writt5 t !re is "s cause ( election also 9 man2 viz41 9 z f> z he does n repudiate ! grace (f]$--tam5 eat5us aliquam causam 9 accipi5te esse quat5us promissionem oblatam non repudiat4 7,seeb]g #d1 #ddb47 ,9 an addition to 8 ,loci ( #aecc he also spoke ( a cause ( ju/ification & election resid+ 9 man4 7,c4 ,r4 #ba1 #ccb47 ,9 ! revis$ editions ( #aece & #aedc he pla9ly began to prep>e ! way = 8 lat] bold & unmi/akable deviations4 ,= ev5 ?\gh unable to po9t out a clean-cut & unequivocal syn]gi/ic /atem5t1 "o _c read ^! editions )\t sc5t+ a ,semi-,pelagian & ,erasmian atmosph]e4 ,:at ,melan*?on began to tea* 0 ! doctr9e t man1 :5 approa*$ by ! ,^w ( ,god1 is able to assume ei!r an attitude ( pro or con1 i4e41 = or aga9/ ! grace ( ,god4 ,! same applies to ! ,v>iata ( #aedj 9 :i* ! frequ5t adiuv>i !re employ$1 ?\gh n incorrect z su*1 0 n )\t a syn]gi/ic flavor4 ,ts*ack]t rem>ks ( ! ,loci ( #aece3 ,melan*?on wants to make man responsible = 8 /ate ( grace4 ,nor does ! human w 9 consequ5ce ( orig9al s9 lose ! ability to decide itself :5 incit$2 ! w produces no?+ new by its own p[]1 b assumes an attitude t[>d :at approa*es x4 ,:5 man he>s ! ,^w ( ,god1 & ! ,holy ,_s produces spiritual affections 9 8 he>t1 ! w c ei!r ass5t or turn aga9/ x4 ,9 ?is way ,melan*?on arrives at ! =mula1 ev] aft] /]eotype ) him1 t !re are ?ree concurr+ causes 9 ! process ( conv]sion3 '! ,^w ( ,god1 ! ,holy ,_s1 & ! human w1 :i*1 inde$1 is n idle1 b /rives aga9/ its infirmity4' 7#ebj47 ,h[ev]1 dur+ ! life ( ,lu!r1 ,melan*?on made no fur!r measurable progress t[>ds syn]gism4 ,p]haps ! unpleasant exp]i5ces foll[+ ^u 8 innovations 9 ! doctr9e ( good works act$ z a *eck also on ! public developm5t ( 8 syn]gi/ic t5d5cies4 ,dur+ ,lu!r's life ,melan*?on1 z he himself admitt$ to ,c>l[itz 7#ajf71 dissimulat$1 keep+ 8 deviat+ views to himself & 8 intimate fri5ds4 ,aft] ,lu!r's dea?1 h[ev]1 he came out unmi/akably & publicly1 also 9 favor ( syn]gism1 endors+ ev5 ! ,erasmian def9ition ( free w z ! p[] 9 man to apply himself to grace4 ,he pla9ly taught t1 :5 drawn by ! ,holy ,_s1 ! w is able to decide pro or con1 to obey or to resi/4 ,especially 9 8 lectures1 ,melan*?on--n inde$ directly1 b m5tion+ ! "n ( ,flacius--cont9ually la%$ su* phrases ( ,lu!r z purely passive1 block1 resi/ance1--a fact to :i* ,s*luesselburg1 :o _h /udi$ 9 ,witt5b]g1 ref]s 9 support ( 8 ass]tion t ,melan*?on _h dep>t$ f ,lu!r's tea*+ on free w4 7,catalogus #e1 #cb47 ,:ile ,melan*?on =m]ly 79 8 ,loci ( #aedc7 _h spok5 ( ?ree causes ( a good action 7bonae actionis7 he n[ publicly advocat$ ! doctr9e ( ?ree concurr+ causes ( conv]sion4 ,n[ he boldly ma9ta9$ t1 s9ce ! grace ( ,god is univ]sal1 "o mu/ assume1 & also tea*1 t !re are diff]5t actions 9 diff]5t m51 :i* acc\nts = ! fact t "s are conv]t$ & sav$ :ile o!rs are lo/4 ,accord+ to ! lat] ,melan*?on1 !re=e1 man's et]nal salvation evid5tly does n dep5d on ! graci\s op]ations ( ,god's ,holy ,_s & ,^w alone1 b also on 8 own correct conduct t[>d grace4 ,9 8 he>t1 especially :5 approa*+ ! m]cy-seat 9 pray]1 ,melan*?on1 no d\bt1 =got & disav[$ 8 own tea*+1 & believ$ & practis$ ,lu!r's sola-gratia-doctr9e4 ,b x _c be d5i$ t1 9 8 endeavors to h>monize univ]sal grace ) ! fact t n all1 b "s only1 are sav$1 ,melan*?on repudiat$ ! mon]gism ( ,lu!r1 esp\s$ & def5d$ ! p[]s ( free w 9 spiritual matt]s1 & ?\ght1 argu$1 spoke1 & wrote 9 t]ms ( syn]gism4 ,inde$1 ,melan*?on mu/ be reg>d$ z ! fa!r ( bo? syn]gism & ! rationali/ic me?ods employ$ 9 its def5se1 & z ! true fa!r also ( ! mod]n rationali/ico-syn]gi/ic !ology repres5t$ by su* di/+ui%$ m5 z ,von ,h(mann1 ,?omasius1 ,kahnis1 ,lu?>dt1 etc4 7,piep] #b1 #ehb2 ,frank #a1 #bca47 #aee4 ,uns\nd ,/atem5ts ( ,melan*?on4 ,foll[+ are "s ( ! ambigu\s & false deliv]ances ( ,melan*?on3 ,9 ! ,loci ( #aece ! s-call$ human cause ( conv]sion :i* mu/ be add$ to ! ,^w & ,_s is describ$ z endeavor+1 /riv+1 & wi%+ to obey & believe4 ,we read3 ,we d n say ?is to ensn>e ! consci5ces1 or to det] m5 f ! endeavor to obey & believe1 or f mak+ an ef=t4 ,on ! contr>y1 s9ce we are to beg9 ) ! ,^w1 we c]ta9ly mu/ n resi/ ! ,^w ( ,god1 b /rive to obey x4444 ,we see t ^! causes are unit$3 ! ,^w1 ! ,holy ,_s1 & ! w1 :i* is c]ta9ly n idle1 b /rives aga9/ its infirmity4 ,9 ?is mann] ecclesia/ical writ]s are accu/om$ to jo9 ^! causes4 ,basil says3 ',only w1 & ,god w prec$e1' ,god prec$es1 calls1 moves1 assi/s u1 b let u bew>e le/ we resi/4444 ,*ryso/om says3 ,he :o draws1 draws him :o is will+4 7,c4 ,r4 #ba1 #cgf47 ,9 conv]sion & salvation ,god c]ta9ly mu/ d & does ,8 %>e1 b man mu/ bew>e le/ he fail to d :at is requir$ ( him4 ,?is is also ! impression receiv$ f ,melan*?on's /atem5ts 9 ! ?ird elaboration ( 8 ,loci1 #aedc4 ,we read3 ,"h ?ree causes ( a good action concur 7hic concurrunt tres causae bonae actionis73 ! ,^w ( ,god1 ! ,holy ,_s1 & ! human w ass5t+ to & n resi/+ ! ,^w ( ,god 7humana voluntas ass5ti5s1 nec repugnans ,v]bo ,dei74 ,= x c\ld expel ! ,_s1 z ,saul expell$ ,him ( 8 own free w4 ,b :5 ! m9d he>+ & su/a9+ itself does n resi/1 does n give way to diffid5ce1 b1 ! ,holy ,_s assi/+1 endeavors to ass5t1--9 su* a /ruggle ! w is n inactive 79 hoc c]tam9e voluntas non e/ otiosa74 ,! anci5ts h said t good works are done :5 grace prec$es & ! w foll[s4 ,s also ,basil says3 ',monon !leson1 kai !os proapanta1 ,only w1 & ,god anticipates4 ,god prec$es1 calls1 moves1 assi/s u2 b z = u1 let u see to x t we d n resi/4 ,deus antev]tit nos1 vocat1 movet1 adiuvat1 ,,s$ ,,nos ,,vid]imus1 ne repugnemus1' 7#ba1 #feh47 ,& ,phil4 #a1 #f3 ',he :i* ha? begun a good "w 9 y w p]=m x until ! day ( ,jesus ,*ri/1' i4e41 we are assi/$ by ,god 7adiuvamur a ,deo71 b we mu/ he> ! ,^w ( ,god & n resi/ ! draw+ ,god4 7#iaf47 ,god draws our m9ds t !y w1 b we mu/ ass5t1 n resi/4 ,deus trahit m5tes1 ut vel9t1 s$ ass5tiri nos1 non repugn>e oportet4 7#iag47 ,"h we also meet ! rem>k3 ,b ! w1 :5 assi/$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 becomes m free4 ,fit autem voluntas adiuvata ,spiritu ,sancto magis lib]a4 7#ffc47 ,frank comm5ts p]t95tly t ! magis presupposes a c]ta9 degree ( lib]ty ( ! w be=e ! assi/ance ( ! ,holy ,_s4 7#a1 #aih47 ,! bolde/ syn]gi/ic /atem5ts are f\nd 9 ! ,loci ( #aedh4 ,x 0 ! ye> ( ! ,leipzig ,int]im1 9 :i* ! same error 0 embodi$ z foll[s3 ,! m]ciful ,god does n deal ) man z ) a block1 b draws him 9 su* a way t 8 w1 too1 coop]ates4 7,c4 ,r4 #g1 #ea4 #bfj47 ,z to ! ,loci ( ?is ye>1 ,b9dseil rem>ks 9 ! ,corpus ,re=matorum3 ,?is edition is fam\s on acc\nt ( c]ta9 p>agraphs ins]t$ by ! au?or 9 ! article on ,free ,w4 ,= ^! additions conta9 ! ,erasmian def9ition ( free w 7t x is ! faculty ( apply+ oneself to grace71 on acc\nt ( :i* ,melan*?on 0 *>g$ ) syn]gism by ! ,flacians4444 ,= ?is reason ! edition is call$ by ,j4 ,t4 ,may] '! wor/ ( all 7omnium pessima74' ,at ! ,weim> colloquy1 #aefj1 ev5 ,/rigel 0 n will+ to id5tify himself op5ly ) ! ,erasmian def9ition ( free w 7facultas applic&i se ad gratiam7 z f\nd 9 "o ( ^! sections4 ,:5 ,flacius quot$ ! passage1 ,/rigel retort$ excit$ly3 ,i d n def5d t def9ition :i* y h quot$ f ! rec5t edition #aedh4 ,:5 did y he> x f me8 ,:5 h ,i und]tak5 to def5d x8 7,frank #a1 #aii4 #ace47 ,at ! ,h]zb]g colloquy ,&reae rem>k$3 ,! ,loci ,communes ( ,melan*?on are useful4 ,b :oev] reads ! locus de lib]o arbitrio mu/ confess1 ev5 if he judges mo/ mildly1 t ! /atem5ts are dubi\s & ambigu\s4 ,& :at ( ! f\r p>agraphs :i* 7 ins]t$ aft] ,lu!r's dea?8 ,= "h we read3 ',!re mu/ ( necessity be a cause ( diff]5ce 9 u :y a ,saul is reject$1 a ,david receiv$4' 7,piep] #b1 #ehg47 ,f ^! additions ( #aedh we cite3 ,nor does conv]sion occur 9 ,david 9 su* a mann] z :5 a /one is turn$ into a fig3 b free w does some?+ 9 ,david2 = :5 he he>s ! rebuke & ! promise1 he will+ly & freely confesses 8 fault4 ,& 8 w does some?+ :5 he su/a9s himself ) ?is ^w3 ,! ,"l ha? tak5 away y\r s94 ,& :5 he endeavors to su/a9 himself ) ?is ^w1 he is already assi/$ by ! ,holy ,_s4 7,c4 ,r4 #ba1 #fei47 ,aga93 ,i !re=e answ] ^? :o excuse _! idl5ess because !y ?9k t free w does no?+1 z foll[s3 ,x c]ta9ly is ! et]nal & immovable w ( ,god t y obey ! voice ( ! ,gospel1 t y he> ! ,son ( ,god1 t y ackn[l$ge ! ,m$iator4 ,h[ black is t s9 :i* refuses to behold ! ,m$iator1 ! ,son ( ,god1 pres5t$ to ! human race6 ,y w answ]3 ',i _c4' ,b 9 a mann] y c 7immo aliquo modo potes71 & :5 y su/a9 y\rself ) ! voice ( ! ,gospel1 !n pray t ,god w\ld assi/ y1 & "k t ! ,holy ,_s is efficaci\s 9 su* consolation4 ,"k t j 9 ?is mann] ,god int5ds to conv]t u1 :5 we1 r\s$ by ! promise wre/le ) ourselves1 pray & resi/ our diffid5ce & o!r vici\s affections4 ,= ?is reason "s ( ! anci5t ,fa!rs h said t free w 9 man is ! faculty to apply himself to grace 7lib]um arbitrium 9 hom9e facultatem esse applic&i se ad gratiam72 i4e41 he he>s ! promise1 endeavors to ass5t1 & ab&ons s9s aga9/ consci5ce4 ,su* ?+s d n occur 9 devils4 ,! diff]5ce !re=e betwe5 ! devils & ! human race ought to be consid]$4 ,^! matt]s h[ev]1 become /ill cle>] :5 ! promise is consid]$4 ,= s9ce ! promise is univ]sal1 & s9ce !re are no contradictory wills 9 ,god1 !re mu/ ( necessity be 9 u "s cause ( diff]5ce :y ,saul is reject$ & ,david is receiv$2 i4e41 !re mu/ ( necessity be "s dissimil> action 9 ^! two4 ,cum promissio sit univ]salis1 nec s9t 9 ,deo contradictoriae voluntates1 necesse e/ 9 nobis esse aliquam discrim9is causam1 cur ,saul abiiciatur4 ,david recipiatur1 id e/1 necesse e/ aliquam esse actionem dissimilem 9 8 duobus4 ,prop]ly und]/ood1 ?is is true1 & ! use usus 9 ! ex]cises ( fai? & 9 true consolation 7:5 our m9ds acquiesce 9 ! ,son ( ,god1 %[n 9 ! promise7 w illu/rate ?is copulation ( causes3 ! ,^w ( ,god1 ! ,holy ,_s1 & ! w4 7,c4 ,r4 #ba1 #fei;f47 ,at ! colloquy ( ,worms1 #aeeg1 ,melan*?on1 int]pellat$ by ,br5z1 is report$ to h said t ! passage 9 8 ,loci ( #aedh def9+ free w z ! faculty ( apply+ oneself to grace ref]r$ to ! reg5]at$ w 7voluntas r5ata71 z1 he said1 appe>$ f ! context4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bbe2 ,frank #a1 #aih47 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 ! context cle>ly excludes ?is int]pretation4 ,9 ! passage quot$1 ,melan*?on1 moreov]1 pla9ly tea*es3 #a4 t 9 conv]sion man1 too1 c d1 & really does1 some?+ by will+ly confess+ 8 fault1 by su/a9+ himself ) ! ,^w1 by pray+ t ,god w\ld assi/ him1 by wre/l+ ) himself1 by /riv+ aga9/ diffid5ce1 etc42 #b4 t ! nature ( fall5 man diff]s f t ( ! devils 9 ?is1 t 8 free w is /ill able to apply itself to grace1 endeavor to ass5t to x1 etc42 #c4 t ! dissimil> actions result+ f ! diff]5t use ( ?is natural ability acc\nts = ! fact t "s are sav$ :ile o!rs are lo/4 ,su* 0 ! pla9 tea*+ ( ,melan*?on f :i* he nev] rec$$1 b :i* he1 ap>t f o!r publications1 reaffirm$ 9 e new edition ( 8 ,loci4 ,= all1 includ+ ! la/ "o to appe> dur+ 8 life 7#aeei71 conta9 ! additions ( #aedh4 ,! passage add$ by ! au?or ,melan*?on1 #aedh aft] ,lu!r's dea? is repeat$ 9 all subsequ5t editions1 says ,b9dseil4 7,c4 ,r4 #ba1 #egj47 ,! sections :i* 7 add$ to ! ,loci aft] #aedh also brea! ! same syn]gi/ic _s4 ,9 #aeec ,melan*?on ins]t$ a p>agraph :i* says t1 :5 approa*$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 ! w c obey or resi/4 ,we read3 ,! lib]ty ( ! human w aft] ! ,fall1 also 9 ! non-reg5]ate1 is ! faculty by virtue ( :i* man is able to gov]n 8 motions1 i4e41 he c enjo9 ^u 8 ext]nal memb]s su* actions z agree1 or su* z d n agree1 ) ! ,law ( ,god4 ,b he _c bani% d\bts f 8 m9d & evil incl9ations f 8 he>t )\t ! light ( ! ,gospel & )\t ! ,holy ,_s4 ,b :5 ! w is drawn by ! holy ,_s1 x c obey or resi/4 ,cum autem trahitur a ,spiritu ,sancto1 pote/ obsequi et repugn>e4 7#ba1 #ajgh2 #ac1 #afb47 ,o!r publications conta9 ! same doctr9e4 ,:ile 9 8 ,loci ( #aedc he _h spok5 only ( ?ree causes ( a good action 7bonae actionis71 ,melan*?on1 9 8 ,en>ratio ,symboli ,nica5i ( #aeej1 sub/itut$ conv]sion = good action4 ,we read3 ,9 conv]sion ^! causes concur3 ! ,holy ,_s1 ! voice ( ! ,gospel1 & ! w ( man1 :i* does n resi/ ! div9e voice1 b someh[1 ) trepidation1 ass5ts4 ,concurrunt 9 conv]sione hae causae3 ,spiritus ,sanctus 444 vox ,evangelii 444 et voluntas hom9is1 quae non repugnat voci div9ae1 s$ int] trepidationem utcumque ass5titur4 ,aga93 ,& conc]n+ ?is copulation ( causes x is said3 ,! ,_s comes to ! assi/ance ( our infirmity4 ,& ,*ryso/om truly says3 ,god draws1 b he draws him :o is will+4 ,aga93 ,god's promise is univ]sal1 & !re are no contradictory wills 9 ,god2 h5ce1 ?\gh ,paul is drawn 9 a diff]5t mann] ?an ,zac*aeus1 nev]!less !re is "s ass5t ( ! w 7tam5 aliqua e/ voluntatis ass5sio74 ,god !re=e beg9s & draws by ! voice ( ! ,gospel b ,he draws him :o is will+1 & assi/s him :o ass5ts4 ,nor is any?+ detract$ f ! glory ( ,god1 b x is truly affirm$ t ! assi/ance ( ,god always concurs 9 ! beg9n+ & aft]w>ds 7auxilium ,dei semp] initio et de9ceps concurr]e74 7#bc1 #bhj ff47 ,accord+ly1 ,god m]ely concurs z "o ( ?ree causes1 among :i* ! w ( man is ! ?ird4 ,9 8 ,exam5 ,ord9&orum ( #aeed1 ,melan*?on aga9 replac$ ! t]m good action by conv]sion4 ,he says3 ,9 conv]sion ^! causes concur3 ! ,^w ( ,god1 ! ,holy ,_s1 :om ! ,fa!r & ,son s5d to k9dle our he>ts1 & our w1 ass5t+ & n resi/+ ! ,^w ( ,god 7et no/ra voluntas ass5ti5s et non repugnans ,v]bo ,dei74 ,& le/ we yield to diffid5ce1 we mu/ consid] t bo? prea*+s are univ]sal1 ! prea*+ ( rep5tance z well z ! promise ( grace4444 ,let u !re=e n resi/ b ass5t to ! promise1 & con/antly repeat ?is pray]3 ,i believe1 ,o ,"l1 b come to ! help ( my weakness4 7#bc1 #ae47 ,f9ally 9 8 ,op9ion on ! ,weim> ,book ( ,confutation1 ,m>* #i1 #aeei1 ,melan*?on rem>ks3 ,aga91 if ! w is able to turn f ! consolation1 x mu/ be inf]r$ t x works some?+ & foll[s ! ,holy ,_s :5 x accepts ! consolation4 ,item1 s si* d] ,wille vom ,tro/ abw5d5 mag1 s i/ dageg5 zu v]/eh51 dass er etwas wirket und folget dem ,heilig5 ,gei/1 s er d5 ,tro/ annimmt4 7#i1 #gfh47 ,w4 ,preg] is "r :5 he says3 ,accord+ to ,melan*?on's view1 natural man is able to d ! foll[+ :5 ! ,^w ( ,god is prea*$ to him3 he is able n to resi/2 he is able to take pa9s ) respect to ob$i5ce2 he is able to com=t himself ) ! ,^w4444 ,?is accord+ to ,melan*?on is a g]m ( ! positive good w /ill f\nd 9 natural man :i* prev5i5t grace ar\ses4 7,flacius ,illyricus #b1 #ahi f47 ,s*mauk writes3 ,melan*?on f\nd ! cause = ! actual v>iation 9 ! work+ ( ,god's grace 9 man1 its object4 ,?is subtle syn]gi/ic _s attacks ! v f\ndation ( ,lu!ranism1 fl[s out into almo/ e doctr9e1 & weak5s ! ,*ur* at e po9t4 ,& x 0 p>ticul>ly ?is weakness :i* ! great multitude ( ,melan*?on's s*ol>s1 :o became ! lead]s ( ! g5]ation ( :i* we are speak+1 absorb$1 & :i* r5d]$ x difficult to return1 f9ally1 aft] ye>s ( /ruggle1 to ! solid gr\nd1 once m recov]$ 9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 7,conf4 ,pr9ciple1 #fja47 ,r4 ,seeb]g *>act]izes ,melan*?on's doctr9e z foll[s3 ,a syn]gi/ic trait !re=e appe>s 9 8 doctr9e4 ,9 ! la/ analysis1 ,god m]ely grants ! out] & inn] possibility ( obta9+ salvation4 ,)\t man's coop]ation ?is possibility w\ld n become reality2 & he is able to refuse ?is coop]ation4 ,x is1 !re=e1 9 conv]sion equally a cause ) ! o!rs4 ,sie die ,mitwirkung des ,m5s*5 i/ also freili* e9e d5 &]n ,ursa*5 glei*b]e*tigte ,ursa*e 9 d] ,bekehrung4 ,god makes conv]sion possible1 b only ! decision ( man's free w makes x actual1--su*1 accord+ to ,seeb]g1 0 ! syn]gism ( ,melan*?on4 7,seeb]g1 ,dogg41 #d1 #ddd4 #ddf47 ,frank says ( ,melan*?on's way ( solv+ ! "q :y "s are conv]t$ & sav$ :ile o!rs are lo/3 ,! road *os5 by ,melan*?on has inde$ l$ to ! goal4 ,! contradictions are solv$4 ,b let u look :]e we h l&$4 ,we are /&+--9 ! ,roman camp6 ,aft] quot+ a passage f ! ,trid5t9um1 :i* speaks ( conv]sion 9 t]ms simil> to ^? employ$ by ,melan*?on1 ,frank cont9ues3 ,! f\ndation /one ( ,lu!r's orig9al ,re=mation doctr9e ( salvation by grace alone2 viz41 t no?+ 9 u1 n ev5 our w mov$ & assi/$ by ,god1 is ! causa m]itoria ( salvation1 is subv]t$ by ^! propositions2 & x is immat]ial to ! contrite he>t :e!r mu* or little is dem&$ f free w z ! faculty ( apply+ oneself to grace4 ,frank adds3 ,:at ! ,philippi/s1 syn*ron\sly ) ,melan*?on & lat]1 prop\nd$ reg>d+ ?is matt] ( free w are b v>iations ( ! !me /ruck by ,melan*?on4 ,ev]y:]e ! sequ5ce ( ?\ght is ! same1 ) b ?is diff]5ce1 t "h ! faults ( ! ,melan*?onian !ory toge!r ) its consequ5ces come out m cle>ly4 7#a1 #acd;f47 ,! same is true ( mod]n syn]gi/ic !ories4 ,)\t exception !y are b v>iations ( notes /ruck by ,melan*?on1--! fa!r ( all ! syn]gi/s t h rais$ _! heads )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 #aef4 ,pfeff+] ,*ampions ,syn]gi/ic ,doctr9e4 ,prior to #aeef ref]5ces to ! uns\nd position ( ! ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig !ologians are met ) b occasionally4 7,planck #d1 #efh47 ,! unmi/akably syn]gi/ic doctr9e embodi$ 9 ! ,loci ( #aedh1 z well z 9 ! ,leipzig ,int]im1 did n cause al>m & attract att5tion imm$iately4 ,b :51 9 #aeee1 ,john ,pfeff+] born #adic2 #aeci sup]9t5d5t1 & #aedc pr(essor 9 ,leipzig2 assi/$ #aedh 9 fram+ ! ,leipzig ,int]im2 di$ ,janu>y #a1 #aegc publi%$ 8 ,five ,que/ions ,conc]n+ ! ,lib]ty ( ! ,human ,w--,de ,lib]tate ,voluntatis ,humanae ,quae/iones ,qu9que4 ,d4 ,johannes ,pfeff+] ,lipsiae ,editae 9 ,(fic9a ,georgii ,hants*i #aeee1 ! controv]sy fl>$ up in/antly4 ,x 0 a little booklet conta9+ besides a brief introduction1 only #da p>agraphs1 or !ses4 ,9 ^! ,pfeff+] discuss$ & def5d$ ! syn]gi/ic doctr9e ( ,melan*?on1 ma9ta9+ t 9 conv]sion man1 too1 mu/ contribute 8 %>e ?\gh x be ev] s little4 ,e>ly 9 ! next ye> ,pfeff+] 0 already oppos$ by ! !ologians ( ,?ur+ia1 ! /an* oppon5ts ( ! ,philippi/s1 ,john ,/olz1 c\rt-prea*] at ,weim> compos+ #aaj !ses = ?is purpose4 ,9 #aeeh ,amsdorf publi%$ 8 ,public ,confession ( ! ,true ,doctr9e ( ! ,gospel & ,confutation ( ! ,fanatics ( ! ,pres5t ,"t1 9 :i* he1 quot+ f memory1 *>g$ ,pfeff+] ) tea*+ t man is able to prep>e himself = grace by ! natural p[]s ( 8 free w1 j z ! godless sophi/s1 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ,scotus1 & _! disciples1 _h held4 7,planck #d1 #egc4 #efh47 ,ab\t ! same "t ,/olz publi%$ ! #aaj !ses j ref]r$ to ) a preface by ,aurifab] 7,refutatio ,propositionum ,pfeff+]i de ,lib]o ,arbitrio74 ,flacius1 !n pr(essor 9 ,j5a1 add$ 8 ,refutation ( ,pfeff+]'s ,propositions on ,free ,w & ,j5a ,disputation on ,free ,w4 ,9 ! same ye>1 #aeeh1 ,pfeff+]1 9 turn publi%$ 8 ,answ] to ! ,public ,confession ( ,amsdorf1 *>g+ ! latt] ) falsification1 & d5\nc+ ,flacius z ! orig9ator & fa!r ( all ! lies :i* h tr\bl$ ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s4 ,b at ! same "t ,pfeff+] %[$ unmi/akably t ! *>ges ( 8 oppon5ts 7 b too well f\nd$4 ,says ,planck3 ,:atev] may h mov$ ,pfeff+] to d s1 he c\ld n 7ev5 if ,flacius himself _h said x = him7 h confess$ syn]gism m cle>ly & m def9itely ?an he did spontane\sly & unask$ 9 ?is treatise4 7#d1 #egd47 ,frank3 ,pfeff+] goes beyond ,melan*?on & ,/rigel2 = ! action "h dem&$ (1 & ascrib$ to1 ! natural w is1 accord+ to him1 n ev5 9 ne$ ( lib]ation by prev5i5t grace4444 ,8 doctr9e may )\t m ado be designat$ z ,semi-,pelagianism4 7#a1 #acg47 ,at ,witt5b]g1 ,pfeff+] 0 support$ by ,george ,major1 ,paul ,eb]1 & ,paul ,crell & be=e long 8 cause 0 esp\s$ also by ,victor9 ,/rigel 9 ,j5a4 ,disputations by ! ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig syn]gi/s 7:om ,s*luesselburg1 #e1 #af1 calls coop]ators & die freiwillig5 ,h]r57 & by _! oppon5ts 9 ,j5a increas$ ! animosity4 ,bo? p>ties ca/ mod]ation to ! w9ds4 ,9 a public lett] ( #aeeh ! ,witt5b]g pr(essors1 = example1 malign$ ,flacius 9 e possible way1 & br&$ him z d] v]l(f5e undeuts*e ,flacius ,illyricus & z ! sole au?or ( all ! diss5sions 9 ! *ur*es ( ,g]many4 7,planck #d1 #ehc47 #aeg4 ,/atem5ts ( ,pfeff+]4 ,foll[+ are "s ( ! syn]gi/ic deliv]ances made by ,pfeff+] 9 8 ,five ,que/ions ,conc]n+ ! ,lib]ty ( ! ,human ,w4 ,p>4 #aa reads3 ,?irdly1 :5 we inquire conc]n+ ! spiritual actions1 x is correct to answ] t ! human w has n su* a lib]ty z to be able to effect ! spiritual motions )\t ! help ( ! ,holy ,_s 7humanam voluntatem non hab]e eiusmodi lib]tatem1 ut motus spirituales s9e auxilio ,spiritus ,sancti effic]e possit74 ,p>4 #ad3 ,!re=e "s ass5t or appreh5sion on our "p mu/ concur 7oportet igitur no/ram aliquam ass5sionem seu appreh5sionem concurr]e7 :5 ! ,holy ,_s has ar\s$ 7acc5d]it7 ! m9d1 ! w & ! he>t4 ,h5ce ,basil says3 ,only w1 & ,god anticipates2 & ,*ryso/om3 ,he :o draws1 draws him :o is will+2 & ,augu/9e3 ,he assi/s ^? :o h receiv$ ! gift ( ! call ) becom+ piety1 & pres]ve ! gifts ( ,god z f> z man is able4 ,aga93 ,:5 grace prec$es1 ! w foll[s--praeeunte gratia1 comitante voluntate4 ,9 ,p>4 #af we read3 ,! w1 !re=e1 is n idle1 b ass5ts fa9tly4 ,voluntas igitur non e/ otiosa s$ languide ass5titur4 ,p>agraph #ag runs3 ,if ! w 7 idle or purely passive1 !re w\ld be no diff]5ce betwe5 ! pi\s & ! wick$1 or betwe5 ! elect & ! damn$1 z1 betwe5 ,saul & ,david1 betwe5 ,judas & ,pet]4 ,god w\ld also become a respect] ( p]sons & ! au?or ( contumacy 9 ! wick$ & damn$2 & to ,god w\ld be ascrib$ contradictory wills1 --:i* conflicts ) ! entire ,scripture4 ,h5ce x foll[s t !re is 9 u a cause :y "s ass5t :ile o!rs d n4 ,sequitur ergo 9 nobis esse aliquam causam1 cur alii ass5tiantur1 alii non ass5tiantur4 ,p>4 #bd3 ,him ! ,holy ,_s1 !re=e1 we mu/ n resi/2 b on ! "p ( our w1 :i* is c]ta9ly n l a /one or block1 "s ass5t mu/ be add$--s$ aliquam etiam ass5sionem acc$]e no/rae voluntatis1 quam non sicut saxum aut incudem se hab]e c]tum e/4 ,p>4 #cj3 ,b appreh5sion on our "p mu/ concur4 ,=1 s9ce ! promise ( grace is univ]sal1 & s9ce we mu/ obey ?is promise1 "s diff]5ce betwe5 ! elect & ! reject$ mu/ be inf]r$ f our w 7sequitur1 aliquod discrim5 int] electos et reiectos a voluntate no/ra sum5dum esse71 viz41 t ^? :o resi/ ! promise are reject$1 :ile ^? :o embrace ! promise are receiv$4444 ,all ?is cle>ly %[s t our w is n idle 9 conv]sion or l a /one or block 9 its conduct4 ,ex quibus omnibus manife/issimum app>et1 voluntatem no/ram non esse otiosam 9 conv]sione1 aut se ut saxum aut incudem hab]e4 ,p>4 #cd reads3 ,"s p]sons1 h[ev]1 %\t t ! assi/ance ( ! ,holy ,_s is ext5uat$ & dim9i%$ if ev5 ! lea/ p>ticle be attribut$ to ! human w4 ,?\gh ?is argum5t may appe> speci\s & plausible1 yet pi\s m9ds und]/& t by our doctr9e-- accord+ to :i* we ascribe "s coop]ation to our w2 viz41 "s ass5t & appreh5sion 7qua tribuimus aliquam ,,syn]giam voluntati no/rae1 videlicet qualemcumque ass5sionem et appreh5sionem7-- absolutely no?+ is tak5 away f ! assi/ance r5d]$ by ! ,holy ,_s4 ,= we affirm t ! fir/ acts 7primas p>tes7 mu/ be assign$ & attribut$ to ,him :o fir/ & prim>ily1 ?r\gh ! ,^w or ! voice ( ! ,gospel1 moves our he>ts to believe1 to :i* !reupon we1 too1 ought to ass5t z mu* z we are able 7cui de9de et ,,nos1 ,,quantum ,,9 ,,nobis ,,e/1 ,,ass5tiri oportet71 & n resi/ ! ,holy ,_s1 b submit to ! ,^w1 pond]1 le>n1 & he> x1 z ,*ri/ says3 ',:osoev] ha? he>d ( ! ,fa!r & le>n$1 come? to ,me4' ,p>4 #cf3 ,& al?\gh orig9al s9 has br\ght ^u our nature a ru9 s sad & horrible t we c h>dly imag9e x1 yet we mu/ n ?9k t absolutely all ! k 7notitiae7 :i* 0 f\nd 9 ! m9ds ( our fir/ p>5ts be=e ! ,fall has on t acc\nt be5 de/roy$ & ext+ui%$ aft] ! ,fall1 or t ! human w does n 9 any way diff] f a /one or a block2 = we are1 z ,/4 ,paul has said mo/ s]i\sly1 c[ork]s ) ,god1 :i* c[ork+1 inde$1 is assi/$ & /r5g!n$ by ! ,holy ,_s--sumus syn]gi ,dei1 quae quidem syn]gia adiuvatur a ,spiritu ,sancto et confirmatur4 ,evid5tly no comm5t is necess>y to %[ t ! passages cit$ f ,pfeff+] are conceiv$1 born1 & br$ 9 ,semi-,pelagianism & rationalism4 ,planck fur!rmore quotes f ,pfeff+]'s ,answ] to ,amsdorf1 #aeeh3 ,& !re is no o!r reason :y "s are sav$ & "s are damn$ ?an ?is "o alone1 t "s1 :5 incit$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 d n resi/1 b obey ,him & accept ! grace & salvation (f]$1 :ile o!rs w n accept x1 b resi/ ! ,holy ,_s1 & despise ! grace4 7#d1 #egh47 ,aga93 ,al?\gh ! w _c awak5 or incite itself to spiritually good works1 b mu/ be awak5$ & incit$ !reto by ! ,holy ,gho/1 yet man is n altoge!r exclud$ f su* works ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 z if he 7 n engag$ 9 x & 7 n to contribute 8 %>e to x--dass er ni*t au* dabei se9 und das ,se9e ni*t au* dabei tun muesse4 7#egf47 ,aga93 ,9 ! h&s ( ! ,holy ,_s man is n l a block or /one 9 ! h&s ( a sculptor1 :i* d n & _c "k1 und]/&1 or feel :at is done ) !m1 nor 9 ! lea/ fur!r or h9d] :at ! arti/ endeavors to make ( !m4 7#egf47 ,b :5 ! he>t ( man is t\*$1 awak5$1 & mov$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 man mu/ n be l a dead /one or block1 444 b mu/ obey & foll[ ,him4 ,& al?\gh he p]ceives 8 great weakness1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 h[ p[]fully s9 9 8 fle% opposes1 he mu/ nev]!less n desi/1 b ask & pray ,god = grace & assi/ance aga9/ s9 & fle%4 7#egg47 ,planck rem>ks3 ,accord+ to ,pfeff+]1 ! p[]s = all ?is are /ill f\nd 9 natural man1 & ! only ?+ requir$ is1 n to recreate !m1 b m]ely to incite !m to action4 7#egi47 ,9 #aeeh1 9 an app5dix to 8 disputation ( #aeee1 ,pfeff+] expla9$ & illu/rat$ 8 position1 9 sub/ance1 z foll[s3 ,i 0 to prove no?+ else ?an t "s use ( ! w 9 spiritual matt]s 0 left1 & t our nature is n annihilat$ or ext+ui%$1 b corrupt$ & m>vel\sly deprav$ aft] ! ,fall4 ,n[1 to be sure1 free w _c by its own natural p[]s rega9 its integrity nor rise aft] be+ ru9$1 yet z ! doctr9e ! ,gospel c be und]/ood by pay+ att5tion to x1 s x c also 9 a mann] 7aliquo modo7 be obey$ by ass5t+ to x4 ,b x is necess>y = all :o w\ld dwell 9 ! spl5dor ( ! et]nal light & 9 ! sight ( ,god to look up to & n turn away f1 ! light4 ,s*luesselburg adds3 ,haec c]te e/ syn]gia--,?is is c]ta9ly syn]gism4 7,catalogus #e1 #afa47 ,ts*ack]t summ>izes ,pfeff+]'s doctr9e z foll[s3 ,:5 ! ,holy ,_s1 ?r\gh ! ,^w ( ,god1 influ5ces a man1 !n ! ass5t+ w becomes op]ative z a factor ( conv]sion4 ,! reason :y "s ass5t :ile o!rs d n mu/ be 9 !mselves4444 ,evid5tly ,pfeff+]'s op9ion 0 t n only ! reg5]ate1 b ev5 ! natural w ( man possesses ! ability ei!r to obey ! div9e ,_s or to resi/ ,him4 7#eba47 ,accord+ to ,w4 ,preg]1 ,pfeff+] taught t ! ,holy ,_s mu/ awak5 & incite our nature t x may und]/&1 ?9k1 w & d :at is "r & pleas+ to ,god1 b t natural free w is able to obey & foll[ ! motions ( ! ,_s4 7#b1 #aib4 #aie47 ,no d\bt1 ,pfeff+] advocat$1 & 0 a c&id expon5t & *ampion (1 no?+ b ! ?ree-concurr+-causes doctr9e ( ,melan*?on1 accord+ to :i* ,god nev] fails to d ,8 %>e 9 conv]sion1 :ile we mu/ bew>e 7s$ nos vid]imus1 ,c4 ,r4 #ba1 #feh7 le/ we fail to d our %>e4 ,pfeff+] himself made x a special po9t to cite ,melan*?on z 8 au?ority 9 ?is matt]4 ,! la/ 7#da/7 p>agraph 9 8 ,five ,que/ions beg9s z foll[s3 ,we h briefly set =? ! doctr9e conc]n+ ! lib]ty ( ! human w1 agree+ ) ! te/imonies ( ! prophetic & apo/olic ,scriptures1 a full] explanation ( :i* /ud5ts may f9d 9 ! writ+s ( our preceptor1 ,mr4 ,philip 7prolisciorem explicationem requirant /udiosi 9 scriptis ,d4 ,philippi1 praeceptoris no/ri74 ,& :51 9 ! subsequ5t controv]sy ,pfeff+] 0 publicly assail$ by ,amsdorf1 ,flacius1 & o!rs1 ev]ybody knew t _! real t>get 0 none o!r ?an-- ,ma/] ,philip4 ,melan*?on1 too1 0 well aw>e ( ?is fact4 ,9 8 ,op9ion on ! ,weim> ,confutation1 ( ,m>* #i1 #aeei1 9 :i* ! syn]gism ( ! ,philippi/s is ext5sively treat$1 he said3 ,z to free w1 x is app>5t t !y attack me1 ,philip1 9 p>ticul>4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #gfc47 #aeh4 ,/rigel & ,huegel ,ent]+ ,controv]sy4 ,! syn]gi/ic controv]sy receiv$ new ze/ & a new impetus :51 9 #aeei1 ,victor9 ,/rigel & ,huegel 7,hugelius71 respectively pr(essor & pa/or at ,j5a1 ! /ronghold ( ! oppon5ts ( ! ,witt5b]g ,philippi/s1 oppos$ ,flacius1 esp\s$ ! cause ( ,pfeff+]1 *ampion$ ! doctr9e ( ,melan*?on1 & refus$ to endorse ! s call$ ,book ( ,confutation :i* ,flacius _h caus$ to be draft$ p>ticul>ly aga9/ ! ,witt5b]g ,philippi/s & ,syn]gi/s1 & to be introduc$4 ,! situation ?us creat$ 0 all ! m s5sational because1 9 ! prec$+ controv]sies1 ,/rigel _h1 at lea/ app>5tly1 always sid$ ) ! oppon5ts ( ! ,philippi/s4 ,! ,konfutationsbu*--,book ( ,confutation & ,condemnations ( ! ,*ief ,corruptions1 ,sects1 & ,errors ,break+ 9 & ,spread+ at ?is ,"t 0 publi%$ 9 #aeei by ,duke ,john ,fr$]ick ,,ii z a doctr9al norm ( 8 du*y4 ,9 n9e *apt]s ?is ,book1 a sort ( =]unn] ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 dealt ) ! errors #a4 ( ,s]vetus1 #b4 ( ,s*w5ckfeld1 #c4 ( ! ,ant9omians1 #d4 ( ! ,anabapti/s1 #e4 ( ! ,zw+lians1 #f4 ( ! ,syn]gi/s1 #g4 ( ,osi&] & ,/anc>us1 #h4 ( ! ,majori/s1 #i4 ( ! ,adiaphori/s4 ,its *ief object1 z expressly /at$ 9 ! ,preface1 0 to w>n aga9/ ! errors introduc$ by ! ,philippi/s1 ^: doctr9es1 z also ,planck admits1 7 n 9 any way misrepres5t$ 9 ?is docum5t4 7#d1 #eig4 #eie47 ,! six? "p1 direct$ aga9/ syn]gism bore ! title3 ,confutatio ,corruptel>um 9 ,articulo de ,lib]o ,arbitrio sive de ,viribus ,humanis--,confutation ( ! ,corruptions 9 ! ,article ,conc]n+ ,free ,w or ,conc]n+ ! ,human ,p[]s4 ,! ,confutation 0 fram$ by ! ,j5a !ologians1 ,/rigel & ,huegel also p>ticipat+ 9 its composition4 ,h[ev]1 "s ( ! ref]5ces to ! corruptions ( ! ,philippi/s mu/ h be5 r vague & ambigu\s 9 ! fir/ draft ( ! book2 = :5 x 0 revis$ at ! conv5tion 9 ,weim>1 ,flacius secur$ ! adoption ( additions & *anges deal+ p>ticul>ly ) ! syn]gism ( ! ,witt5b]g]s1 :i* 7 en]getically oppos$ by ,/rigel4 ,ev5 be=e ! adoption ( ! ,book ( ,confutation1 ,/rigel _h be5 polemiciz+ aga9/ ,flacius4 ,b n[ 7z ,flacius reports7 he began to d5\nce him at e occasion z ! ar*itect ( a new !ology & an enemy ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,at ! same "t he also endeavor$ to incite ! /ud5ts 9 ,j5a aga9/ him4 ,flacius1 9 turn1 *>g$ ,/rigel ) s*em+ to e/abli% a ,philippi/ic p>ty 9 ,ducal ,saxony4 ,! public brea* came :5 ! ,book ( ,confutation 0 submitt$ = adoption & publication 9 ! *ur*es & s*ools4 ,pa/or ,huegel refus$ to read & expla9 x f ! pulpit1 & ,/rigel pres5t$ 8 objections to ! ,duke1 & ask$ t 8 consci5ce be sp>$4 ,b :5 ,/rigel fail$ to ma9ta9 sil5ce 9 ! matt]1 he z well z ,pa/or ,huegel 7 summ>ily dealt ) by ! ,duke4 ,on ,m>* #bg1 #aeei1 at two o'clock 9 ! morn+1 bo? 7 sudd5ly arre/$ & imprison$4 ,flacius :o 0 g5]ally reg>d$ z ! secret in/igator ( ?is act ( viol5ce1 decl>$ publicly t ! arre/ _h be5 made )\t 8 c\nsel & k4 ,ab\t six mon?s lat] 7,septemb] #e1 #aefi7 ,/rigel & ,huegel aft] mak+ "s doctr9al concessions & promis+ n to ent] into any disputation on ! ,confutation1 7 set at lib]ty4 7,planck #d1 #eia4 #fjd47 #aei4 ,weim> ,disputation4 ,9 ord] to settle ! diff]5ces1 ,flacius & 8 colleagues 7,wig&1 ,judex1 ,simon ,musaeus71 z well z ,/rigel1 ask$ = a public disputation1 :i* ,john ,fr$]ick1 too 0 all ! m will+ to arrange because dissatisfaction ) 8 dra/ic proc$ure aga9/ ,/rigel & ,huegel 0 op5ly display$ ev]y:]e outside ( ,ducal ,saxony4 ,! disputation 0 held at ,weim>1 ,augu/ #b to #h1 #aefj4 ,x 0 att5d$ by ! ,saxon ,dukes & _! entire c\rts1 z well z by a l>ge numb] ( o!r spectators1 n only f ,j5a1 b also f ,erfurt1 ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig4 ,! subjects ( discussion1 = :i* bo? p>ties _h submitt$ !ses 73 ,free ,w1 ,gospel1 ,majorism1 ,adiaphorism1 & ,indiff]5tism 7academica epo*e1 tol]ation ( error74 ,! disput+ p>ties 7,flacius & ,/rigel7 agre$ t ! only rule %\ld be ! ,^w ( ,god1 & t a cle>1 pla9 text ( ! ,holy ,scriptures 0 to weigh m ?an all ! inf]5ces & au?orities ( int]pret]s 7,planck #d1 #fjf47 ,accord+ to ! proce$+s ( ! ,weim> ,disputation1 writt5 by ,wig& & publi%$ by ,simon ,musaeus #aefb & #aefc "u ! title3 ,disputatio de ,orig9ali ,peccato et ,lib]o ,arbitrio int] ,m4 ,flacium ,illyr4 et ,vict4 ,/rigelium ,publice ,v9>iae ,anno #aefj ,habita1 ! only que/ions discuss$ 7 free w &1 incid5tally1 orig9al s94 ,/rigel def5d$ ! ,melan*?onian doctr9e1 accord+ to :i* ! causes ( conv]sion are ! ,holy ,_s1 ! ,^w ( ,god1 & ! w ( man feebly ass5t+ to ! ,gospel &1 at ! same "t1 seek+ /r5g? f ,god4 ,he repeat$ ! =mula3 ,concurrunt 9 conv]sione haec tria3 ,spiritus ,sanctus mov5s corda1 vox ,dei1 voluntas hom9is1 quae voci div9ae ass5titur4 ,flacius1 on ! o!r h&1 def5d$ ! m]e passive ( ,lu!r1 accord+ to :i* man1 be=e he is conv]t$ & end[$ ) fai?1 does n 9 any way coop]ate ) ! ,holy ,_s b m]ely suff]s & exp]i5ces ,8 op]ations4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 he s]i\sly damag$ & discr$it$ himself z well z ! sacr$ cause ( div9e tru? by ma9ta9+ t orig9al s9 is n a m]e accid5t1 su* z ,/rigel ma9ta9$1 b ! v sub/ance ( man4 ,! discussions 7 discont9u$ aft] ! ?irte5? session4 ,! ,duke ann\nc$ t ! disputation w\ld be reop5$ lat]1 *>g+ bo? p>ties 9 ! mean "t to ma9ta9 sil5ce 9 public1--a compromise to :i* ,flacius & 8 adh]5ts 7 loa? to cons5t4 ,john ,wig& & ,mat?ias ,judex h[ev] cont9u$ to en=ce ! ,book ( ,confutation dem&+ an unqualifi$ adoption 9 e po9t1 p] omnia4 ,:5 ! juri/ ,mat!w ,wes5becius decl9$ to accept ! book 9 ?is categorical way1 he 0 n p]mitt$ to s]ve z sponsor at a baptism4 ,john ,fr$]ick 0 dissatisfi$ ) ?is proc$ure & action ( ! m9i/]s2 & :5 !y p]si/$ 9 _! dem&s1 ! autocratic ,duke depriv$ !m ( ! "r to excommunicate1 ve/+ ?is p[] 9 a consi/ory e/abli%$ at ,weim>4 ,flacius & 8 adh]5ts prote/$ aga9/ ?is measure z tyranny ex]cis$ ov] ! ,*ur* & a suppression ( ! pure doctr9e4 ,z a result ,musaeus1 ,judex1 ,wig&1 & ,flacius 7 susp5d$ & expell$ f ,j5a1 ,decemb]1 #aefa4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bdd4 #bdg47 ,_! vacant *airs at ! univ]sity 7 fill$ by ,freihub1 ,salmu?1 & ,selnecc]1 :o _h be5 recomm5d$ by ! ,witt5b]g ,philippi/s at ! reque/ ( ! ,duke1 :o n[ evid5tly favor$ a compromise ) ! ,syn]gi/s4 ,/rigel1 too1 0 re9/at$ at ,j5a aft] sign+ an ambigu\s decl>ation4 ,amsdorf1 ,gallus1 ,hes%usius1 ,flacius1 & ! o!r exil$ !ologians d5\nc$ ,/rigel's decl>ation z ins9c]e & 9 conflict ) ,lu!r's book ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio1 & dem&$ a public retraction ( 8 syn]gi/ic /atem5ts4 ,:5 ! m9i/]s ( ,ducal ,saxony also decl9$ to ackn[l$ge ,/rigel's or?odoxy1 a m def9ite ,sup]decl>ation1 fram$ by ,mo]l9 & ,/oessel 7b n sign$ by ,/rigel71 0 add$ z an int]pretation ( ,/rigel's decl>ation4 ,b ev5 n[ a m9ority refus$ to submit to ! dem&s ( ! ,duke1 because !y felt t !y 7 be+ deceiv$ by ambigu\s t]ms1 su* z capacity & aptitude1 :i* ! wily ,/rigel & ! ,syn]gi/s us$ 9 ! active or positive1 & n 9 ! passive s5se4 ,^! consci5ti\s ,lu!rans :om ! rationali/ ,planck br&s z almo/ insane1 be9ahe v]rueckt1 7 also depos$ & bani%$1 #aefb4 ,/rigel's decl>ation ( ,m>*1 #aefb h[ev]1 ma9ta9+ t ! w is passive 9 s f> z ,god alone works all good1 b active 9 s f> z x mu/ be pres5t 9 its conv]sion1 mu/ cons5t1 & n resi/1 b accept1 %[$ t he _h n ab&on$ 8 syn]gism4 ,9 ! same ye> he appli$ =1 & accept$1 a pr(essor%ip 9 ,leipzig4 ,lat] on he occupi$ a *air at ! ,re=m$ univ]sity 9 ,heidelb]g1 :]e he di$ #aefi1 at ! age ( only =ty-five ye>s4 ,9 #aefg1 :5 ,john ,william became rul] ( ,ducal ,saxony1 ! ,philippi/s 7 dismiss$1 & ! bani%$ ,lu!ran pa/ors & pr(essors 7) ! exception ( ,flacius7 7 recall$ & re9/at$4 ,:ile ?is rehabilitation ( ! loyal ,lu!rans =mally end$ ! syn]gi/ic controv]sy 9 ,ducal ,saxony1 occasional e*oes ( x /ill l+]$1 due especially to ! fact t "s m9i/]s _h consid]$ ,/rigel's ambigu\s decl>ation a satisfactory pres5tation ( ! ,lu!ran tru? ) reg>d to ! que/ions involv$4 ,t ! syn]gi/ic tea*+ ( ,melan*?on 0 cont9u$ 9 ,witt5b]g appe>s1 = example1 f ! ,confessio ,witt5b]gica ( #aegj4 #afj4 ,/rigel's ,rationali/ic ,pr9ciple4 ,al?\gh at ! op5+ ( ! disputation ! debat]s _h agre$ to decide all que/ions by cle> ,scripture-passages alone1 ,/rigel's guid+ pr9ciple 0 9 reality n ! ,bible b philosophy & reason4 ,8 real conc]n 0 n1 ,:at does ,scripture tea* conc]n+ ! causes ( conv]sion8 b1 ,h[ may we h>monize ! univ]sal grace ( ,god ) ! fact t only "s are conv]t$ & sav$8 ,self-evid5tly ,/rigel1 too1 quot$ ,bible-passages4 ,among o!rs1 he appeal$ to su* texts z ,john #f1 #bi2 ,rom4 #a1 #af2 #aj1 #ag2 ,luke #h1 #ah2 ,heb4 #d1 #b2 ,rev4 #c1 #bj2 ,luke #aa1 #ac2 ,m>k #i1 #bd2 #a ,!ss4 #b1 #ac2 ,jas4 #a1 #ah4 ,b z we %all %[ lat]1 8 d$uctions 7 philosophical & sophi/ical r ?an exegetical & ,scriptural4 ,preg] rem>ks3 ,9 8 disputation ,/rigel 0 n able to advance a s+le decisive passage ( ,scripture = ! pres5ce & coop]ation ( a good w at ! mom5t :5 x is approa*$ & influ5c$ 7ergriff57 by grace4 7#b1 #baa47 ,& ! cle>1 irrefutable ,bible-texts on :i* ,flacius f\nd$ 8 doctr9e ( ! inability ( natural w to coop]ate 9 conv]sion1 ,/rigel endeavor$ to invalidate by philosophical reason+1 indirect argu+1 & alleg$ necess>y logical consequ5ces4 ,at ,weim> & 9 8 ,confession ( ,decemb] #e #aefj1 deliv]$ to ! ,duke soon aft] ! disputation1 ,/rigel argu$3 ,:oev] d5ies t man1 9 a way & measure1 is able to coop]ate 9 8 own conv]sion is logically compell$ also to d5y t ! rejection ( grace may be imput$ to man1 compell$ to make ,god responsible = man's damnation2 to surr5d] ! univ]sality ( ,god's grace & call2 to admit contradictory wills 9 ,god1 & to take rec\rse to an absolute decree ( election & reprobation 9 ord] to acc\nt = ! fact t "s reject ! grace ( ,god & are lo/ :ile o!rs are conv]t$ & sav$4 ,at ,weim> ,/rigel decl>$3 ,i d n say t ! w is able to ass5t to ! ,^w )\t ! ,holy ,_s1 b t1 be+ mov$ & assi/$ by ! ,_s1 x ass5ts ) trepidation4 ,if we 7 unable to d ?is1 we w\ld n be responsible = n hav+ receiv$ ! ,^w4 ,si hoc utcumque ass5tiri int] trepidationes non possemus1 non essemus rei propt] ,v]bum non receptum4 ,aga91 also at ,weim>3 ,if ! w is n able to ass5t 9 "s way1 ev5 :5 assi/$1 !n we _c be responsible = reject+ ! ,^w1 b ! blame mu/ be transf]r$ to ano!r1 & o!rs may judge h[ religi\s t is4 ,si voluntas ne quidem adiuta pote/ aliquo modo annu]e1 non possumus esse rei propt] ,v]bum reiectum1 s$ culpa e/ 9 alium transf]5da quod quam sit religio sum1 alii iudic5t4 7,planck #d1 #fhi4 #gai2 ,lu?>dt1 ,lehre vom frei5 ,will51 #bbb47 ,ov] aga9/ ?is rationali/ic me?od ( ,/rigel & ! ,syn]gi/s g5]ally1 ! ,lu!rans adh]$ to ! pr9ciple t no?+ b a cle> passage ( ! ,bible c decide a !ological "q4 ,!y reject$ z false philosophy & rationalism e argum5t direct$ aga9/ ! cle> s5se ( a cle> ,^w ( ,god4 ,!y emphatically object$ to ! employm5t ( reason = e/abli%+ a ,*ri/ian doctr9e or subv]t+ a /atem5t ( ! ,bible4 ,at ,weim>1 ,flacius prote/$ aga9 & aga9 t human reason is n an au?ority 9 !ological matt]s4 ,let u he> ! ,scriptures6 ,audiamus ,scripturam6 ,let ! woman be sil5t 9 ! ,*ur*6 ,muli] taceat 9 ecclesia6 ,) su* slogans he bru%$ aside ! alleg$ necess>y logical inf]5ces & d$uctions ( ,/rigel4 ,y take y\r argum5ts f philosophy1 he said 9 ! second session1 :i* ought n to be giv5 a place 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,disputas ex philosophia1 cui locus 9 rebus religionis esse non debet4 ,aga91 at ,weim>3 ,x is aga9/ ! nature ( inquir+ tru? to insi/ on argu+ f bl9d philosophy4 ,:at else corrupt$ su* anci5t !ologians z ,clem5t1 ,orig51 ,*ryso/om1 & aft]w>ds also ! ,sophi/s s*ola/ic !ologians b t !y endeavor$ to decide spiritual ?+s by philosophy1 :i* does n und]/& ! secret & hidd5 my/]ies ( ,god4 ,e/ contra naturam inquir5dae v]itatis1 si velimus ex caeca philosophia loqui4 ,quid aliud corrupit !ologos vet]es1 ut ,clem5tem1 ,orig9em1 ,*ryso/homum et po/ea etiam ,sophi/as1 nisi quod de rebus div9is ex philosophia volu]unt /atu]e1 quae non intelligit ab/rusissima et occultissima my/]ia ,dei4 ,may we !re=e obs]ve ! rule ( ,lu!r3 ,let ! woman be sil5t 9 ! ,*ur*6 ,= :at a mis]able ?+ w\ld x be if we _h to judge ecclesia/ical matt]s f logic6 ,itaque obs]vemus legem ,lu!ri3 ,taceat muli] 9 ecclesia6 ,quae enim mis]ia1 si ex dialectica diiudic&ae nobis ess5t res ecclesiae6 7,planck #d1 #gji47 ,9 an antisyn]gi/ic confession publi%$ by ,s*luesselburg1 we read3 ,?is doctr9e ( conv]sion by ,god's grace alone is simple1 cle>1 c]ta91 & irrefutable if "o looks to ,god's ,^w alone & d]ives ! ,nosce teipsum1 ,"k ?yself1 f ! wisdom ( ,god4 ,b s9ce poor m5 are bl9d1 !y love _! d>kness m ?an ! light1 z ,*ri/ says ,john #c1 & insi/ on criticiz+ & falsify+ ,god's tru? by means ( bl9d philosophy1 :i*1 =soo?1 is a %ame & a palpable s91 if we b _h eyes to see & "k4444 ,:atsoev] bl9d reason produces 9 su* articles ( fai? aga9/ ! ,^w ( ,god is false & wrong4 ,= x is said3 ,muli] 9 ecclesia taceat6 ,let philosophy & human wisdom be sil5t 9 ! ,*ur*4 7,catalogus #e1 #ffe;f47 ,"h1 too1 ! sophi/ical objections ( ! ,syn]gi/s are dispos$ ( ) su* rem>ks z3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ?is is b spun f reason1 :i* ?us acts wise 9 ^! matt]s4 ,d5n fu]s er/e i/ sol*es nur aus d] ,v]nunft gesponn51 die weiss also hi]9 zu kluegeln4 7#ffh47 ,?is is all spun f reason2 b ,god's ,^w tea*es u bett]4 ,dies i/ alles aus d] ,v]nunft sp9tisi]t2 ,gottes ,wort ab] lehrt es bess]4 7#fgj47 ,evid5tly ,/rigel's rationali/ic me?od 0 id5tical ) t employ$ by ,melan*?on 9 8 ,loci1 by ,pfeff+]1 & ! ,syn]gi/s g5]ally4 ,accord+ly1 8 syn]gism also c\ld n diff] ess5tially f ,melan*?on's4 ,planck p]t95tly rem>ks3 ,x is app>5t f ?is argum5t ( ,/rigel t natural man mu/ h p[] to coop]ate 9 8 conv]sion because o!rwise ,god w\ld be responsible = 8 resi/ance & damnation t 8 syn]gism 0 none o!r ?an t ( ! ,witt5b]g s*ool2 = 0 n ?is ! id5tical f\ndation ^u :i* ,melan*?on _h re>$ 8 syn]gism8 7#d1 #fij47 ,l me?ods lead to ! same results1 & vice v]sa4 ,besides1 ,/rigel _h always appeal$ to ! ,witt5b]g]s2 & 9 8 ,op9ion on ! ,weim> ,confutation #aeei1 ,melan*?on1 9 turn1 id5tifi$ himself ) ,/rigel's argum5ts4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #gff47 ,! ,confession & ,op9ion ( ! ,witt5b]g]s ,conc]n+ ,free ,w--,confessio et ,s5t5tia ,witteb]g5sium de ,lib]o ,arbitrio ( #aefa also ma9ta9$ ! same attitude4 #afa4 ,/rigel's ,!ory4 ,/rigel's views conc]n+ ! fre$om ( man's w 9 spiritual matt]s may be summ>iz$ z foll[s3 ,man1 hav+ a w1 is a free ag5t1 h5ce always able to decide = or aga9/4 ,?is ability is ! mode ( action ess5tial to man z long z he really is a man & 9 possession ( a w4 ,ev5 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to grace ?is fre$om 0 n entirely lo/ 9 ! ,fall4 ,x 0 imp$$ & weak5$ by orig9al s91 b n annihilat$4 ,to be conv]t$1 man !re=e requires t ^! residual or rema9+ p[]s be excit$ & /r5g!n$ r ?an t new spiritual p[]s be imp>t$ or a new w be creat$4 ,accord+ly1 p]suasion ?r\gh ! ,^w is ! me?od ( conv]sion employ$ by ! ,holy ,_s4 ,:5 ! w is approa*$ by ! ,^w1 incit$ & assi/$ by ! ,_s1 x is able to admit ! op]ations ( ! ,_s & ass5t to ! ,^w1 ?\gh b feebly4 ,h5ce1 no matt] h[ mu* ( ! "w ( conv]sion mu/ be ascrib$ to ! ,holy ,_s & ! ,^w ! w itself1 9 ! la/ analysis1 decides = or aga9/ grace4 ,man is1 !re=e1 n purely passive 9 8 conv]sion1 b coop]ates ) ! ,holy ,_s & ! ,^w1 n m]ely aft]1 b also 9 8 conv]sion1 be=e he has receiv$ ! gift ( fai?4 ,god :o1 outside ( ,8 ess5ce 9 ext]nal actions1 is ! free/ ag5t1 said ,/rigel creat$ two k9ds ( natures1 ! "o free1 ! o!r act+ naturally 7naturalit] ag5tes74 ,! free natures are ! angels & m54 ,^? act+ naturally embrace all ! re/ ( ! creatures4 ,a natural ag5t is "o t _c d any?+ else ?an x does1 nor susp5d its action e4g41 fire4 ,m5 & angels 7 creat$ diff]5tly1 aft] ! image ( ,god1 t !y might be free ag5ts4 ,hom9es et angeli alit] conditi sunt ad imag9em ,dei1 ut s9t lib]um ag5s4 7,planck #d1 #ffi47 ,?is fre$om1 :i* di/+ui%es man ess5tially f all o!r creatures1 accord+ to ,/rigel1 always implies ! p[] to w or n to w ) respect to any object4 ,he says3 ,! act ( will+1 be x good or evil1 always belongs to ! w1 because ! w is s creat$ t x c w or n1 )\t co]cion4 ,ipsum velle1 seu bonum seu malum1 quod ad sub/antiam att9et1 semp] e/ voluntatis2 quia voluntas sic e/ condita1 ,,ut ,,possit ,,velle ,,aut ,,non2 s$ etiam hoc habet voluntas ex op]e creationis quod adhuc reliquum1 et non prorsus abolitum et ext9ctum e/1 ,,ut ,,possit ,,velle ,,aut ,,non ,,s9e ,,coactione4 7#fgd47 ,accord+ to ,/rigel1 ! v ess5ce ( ! w consi/s 9 be+ able1 9 e in/ance1 to decide 9 ei!r direction1 = or aga9/4 ,h5ce ! v idea ( w involves also a c]ta9 ability to coop]ate 9 conv]sion4 7#fhi47 ,?is fre$om or ability to decide pro or con1 says ,/rigel1 is ! mode ( action ess5tial to man1 8 mode ( action also 9 conv]sion4 ,& 9 ! controv]sy on free w he s\ght to ma9ta9 t ?is alleg$ mode ( action 0 a "p ( ! v ess5ce ( ! human w & be+4 ,at ,weim> ,/rigel decl>$3 ,i d n wi% to detract f ! w ! mode ( action :i* is diff]5t f o!r natural actions4 ,nolo voluntati detrahi modum ag5di1 qui e/ dissimilis aliis actionibus naturalibus4 7,planck #d1 #ffh47 ,aga93 ,! w is n a natural1 b a free ag5t2 h5ce ! w is conv]t$ n z a natural ag5t1 b z a free ag5t4444 ,9 conv]sion ! w acts 9 its own mode2 x is n a /atue or a log 9 conv]sion4 ,h5ce conv]sion does n occur 9 a purely passive mann]4 ,voluntas non e/ ag5s naturale1 s$ lib]um2 ergo conv]titur voluntas non ut naturalit] ag5s1 s$ ut lib]um ag5s4444 ,et voluntas suo modo agit 9 conv]sione1 nec e/ /atua vel truncus 9 conv]sione4 ,et p] consequ5s non fit conv]sio pure passive4 7,lu?>dt1 #bag4 #bai4 #bji47 ,:at ,/rigel means is t man1 be+ a free ag5t1 mu/1 also 9 conv]sion1 be accord$ ! ability someh[ to decide = grace4 ,accord+ to ! ,=mula ( ,concord ! words1 man's mode ( action1 signify a way ( work+ some?+ good & salut>y 9 div9e ?+s4 7#ije1 #fa47 ,! connection & ! mann] 9 :i* ! phrase 0 employ$ by ,/rigel admitt$ ( no o!r int]pretation4 ,/rigel add$3 ,?is mode ( action m>ks ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! w ( man & ! w ( ,satan1 = ! devil nei!r endeavors to ass5t1 nor prays to ,god = assi/ance1 :ile man does4 7,lu?>dt1 #bbj47 ,natural man is by ,/rigel cr$it$ ) ! p[] ( endeavor+ to ass5t1 con>i ass5tiri1 because he is end[$ ) a w4 ,b %rewd z ,/rigel 01 x did n occur to him t1 logically1 8 argum5t compell$ him to ascribe also to ! devils ev]y?+ he claim$ = natural man1 s9ce !y1 too1 h a w & are !re=e end[$ ) ! same modus ag5di1 :i*1 accord+ to ,/rigel1 belongs to ! v idea & ess5ce ( w4 ,yet ?is palpable tru?1 :i* ov]?rew 8 entire !ory1 fail$ to op5 ! eyes ( ,/rigel4 ,if1 z ,/rigel ma9ta9$1 ! human w1 by virtue ( its nature z a free ag5t1 is1 9 a way1 able to coop]ate 9 conv]sion1 !n ! only "q is h[ to elevate ?is ability to an actuality1 9 o!r words1 h[ to influ5ce ! w & r\se its p[]s to move 9 ! "r direction4 ,/rigel answ]$3 ,s9ce ! w _c be =c$1 moral suasion is ! true me?od requir$ to conv]t a man4 ,! w1 says he _c be =c$1 h5ce x is by p]suasion1 i4e41 by po9t+ out some?+ good or evil1 t ! w is mov$ to obey & to submit to ! ,gospel1 n co]c$1 b someh[ will+4 ,voluntas non pote/ cogi1 ergo voluntas p]suad5do1 id e/ o/5sione alicuius boni vel mali flectitur ad ob$i5dum et obtemp]&um evangelio1 non coacta1 s$ ,,aliquo ,,modo ,,vol5s4 7,seeb]g #d1 #dia47 ,aga93 ,al?\gh ,god is efficaci\s ?r\gh ! ,^w1 draw+ & lead+ u efficaci\sly1 yet ,he does n make ass5t+ necess>y = su* a nature z ! w1--a nature s creat$ t x is able n to ass5t1 if x s wills1 & to expel ,him :o dwells 9 u4 ,?is ass5t !re=e is ! "w ( ,god & ! ,holy ,_s1 b 9 s f> z x is a free ass5t1 n co]c$ & press$ out by =ce1 x is also ! "w ( ! w4 ,etiam si ,deus e/ efficax p] ,v]bum et efficacit] nos trahit et ducit1 tam5 non aff]t necessitatem ass5ti5di tali naturae1 qualis e/ voluntas1 id e/1 quae sic e/ condita1 ut possit non ass5tiri1 si velit1 et excut]e sessorem4 ,e/ igitur hic ass5sus opus ,dei et ,spiritus ,sancti1 s$ quat5us e/ lib] ass5sus1 non coactus1 expressus vi1 ,,e/ ,,etiam ,,voluntatis4 7#dia47 ,/rigel evid5tly means3 ,! fact t man is able n to ass5t to grace ( necessity involves t someh[ 7aliquo modo7 he is able also to ass5t1 accord+ to man's peculi> mode ( action 7fre$om7 he mu/ himself actualize 8 conv]sion by previ\sly 79 ! logical ord]7 will+ x1 decid+ = x1 & ass5t+ to x2 he w\ld be conv]t$ by co]cion if 8 ass5t to grace 7 an act ( ! w eng5d]$ & creat$ solely by ,god1 r ?an an act effect$ & produc$ by ! p[]s ( ! w :5 incit$ & assi/$ by ! ,_s4 ,man is conv]t$ by p]suasion only1 because ,god does n create ass5t & fai? 9 him b m]ely elicits ^! acts f man by lib]at+ & appeal+ to ! p[]s ( 8 w to effect & produce !m4 ,9 def5d+ ?is fre$om ( ! w1 ,/rigel appeal$ also to ! /atem5t ( ,lu!r3 ,! w _c be co]c$2444 if ! w c\ld be co]c$1 x w\ld n be volition1 b r nolition4 ,voluntas non pote/ cogi2444 si posset cogi voluntas1 non esset voluntas s$ potius voluntas4 ,h[ev]1 :at ,lu!r said ( ! =m or nature ( ! w1 accord+ to :i* x always really wills :at x wills1 & is !re=e nev] co]c$1 0 by ,/rigel transf]r$ to ! spiritual matt]s & objects ( ! w4 ,accord+ to ,/rigel's !ory1 says ,seeb]g1 ! w mu/ be free ev5 9 ! fir/ mom5t ( conv]sion1 free n only 9 ! psy*ological1 b also 9 ! moral s5se4 7#d1 #dib47 ,ts*ack]t1 quot+ ,seeb]g rem>ks t ,/rigel trans=m$ ! natural =mal lib]ty into an e?ical mat]ial lib]ty--indem die natu]li*e =male ,freiheit si* ihm unt] d] ,h& 8 v]w&elte 9 die e?is*e mat]iale ,freiheit4 7#ebd47 #afb4 ,/rigel's ,semi-,pelagianism4 ,/rigel's entire position is bas$ on ! error t a remnant ( spiritual ability /ill rema9s 9 natural man4 ,true1 he taught t 9 consequ5ce ( orig9al s9 ! p[]s ( man & ! prop] use & ex]cise ( ^! p[]s are greatly imp$$1 weak5$1 *eck$1 & insulat$1 z x 71 & t ?is imp$im5t c be remov$ solely by ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,?r\gh ! ,^w ! ,holy ,_s re/ores to ! w ! p[] & faculty ( believ+1 ,/rigel decl>$4 7,lu?>dt1 #bej47 ,b ?is re/oration1 he said1 0 br\ght ab\t by lib]at+1 ar\s+1 incit+1 & /r5g!n+ ! p[]s inh]5t 9 man r ?an by div9e imp>tation ( new spiritual p[]s or by ! creation ( a new good volition4 ,/rigel pla9ly d5i$ t natural man is truly spiritually dead4 ,he decl>$3 ,! w is s creat$ t x c expel ! ,holy ,_s & ! ,^w1 or1 :5 assi/$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 c 9 "s mann] w & obey--to receive is ! act ( ! w2 9 ?is ,i _c conc$e t man is simply dead--accip]e e/ hom9is2 9 hoc non possum conc$]e simplicit] mortuum esse hom9em4 7,frank #a1 #aii47 ,natural man1 ,/rigel expla9$1 is inde$ n able to grasp ! help+ h& ( ,god ) 8 own h&2 yet ! latt] is n dead1 b /ill reta9s a m9imum ( p[]4 7#fgh47 ,aga93 ,man is l a new-born *ild1 ^: p[]s mu/ fir/ be /r5g!n$ ) n\ri%m5t giv5 x by its "m1 & :i*1 ?\gh able to draw ?is n\ri%m5t out ( its "m's brea/1 is yet unable to lift itself up to x1 or to take hold ( ! brea/1 unless x be giv5 x4 7,preg] #b1 #bji47 ,) special ref]5ce to ! la/ illu/ration1 ,flacius decl>$3 ,/rigel1 accord+ly1 holds t we h ! faculty to desire & receive ! food1 i4e41 ! b5efits ( ,god4 ,=soo?1 y !reby attribute to corrupt man a v great p[] ) respect to spiritual ?+s4 ,n[1 !n1 d5y t ?is op9ion is ,pelagian4 7#bji47 ,y\r /atem5ts agree ) ^? ( ,pelagius1 yet ,i d n simply say t y are a ,pelagian2 = a good man may fall into an error :i* he does n see4 ,pelagius held t man1 by 8 natural p[]s1 is able to beg9 & complete 8 own conv]sion2 ,cassianus1 ! ,semi-,pelagian taught t man is able m]ely to beg9 ?is "w2 ,/rigel ma9ta9$ t man c admit ! lib]at+ op]ation ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & t aft] su* op]ation ( ! ,_s he is able to coop]ate ) 8 natural p[]s4 ,evid5tly1 !n1 ! v]dict ( ,flacius 0 n mu* beside ! m>k4 ,planck ?\gh unwill+ to relegate ,/rigel to ! ,pelagians1 does n hesitate to put him d[n z a ?or\ghgo+ ,syn]gi/4 7,planck #d1 #fhc;f47 ,syn]gism1 h[ev]1 always includes at lea/ an elem5t ( ,pelagianism4 ,/rigel illu/rat$ 8 idea by ! foll[+ analogy4 ,:5 g>lic-juice is appli$ to a magnet1 x loses its p[] ( attraction1 b rema9s a true magnet1 &1 :5 goat's blood is appli$1 imm$iately rega9s its efficaci\sness4 ,s ! w ( man is h9d]$ by orig9al s9 f beg9n+ t :i* is good2 b :5 ! imp$im5t has be5 remov$ ?r\gh ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,_s1 ! native p[]s ( ! w aga9 become efficaci\s & active4 7,ts*ack]t1 #ebd2 ,planck #d1 #fgb2 ,preg] #b1 #aih2 ,lu?>dt1 #baa47 ,frank rem>ks3 ,! example ( ! tempor>ily imp$$ p[] ( ! magnet1 :i* 0 repeat$ also at ?is juncture 9 ! disputation at ,weim>1 imm$iately po9ts to ! relat$ papal doctr9e1 = ! ,ca?olic ,&radius expla9s ! dogma ( ! ,trid5t9um to ?is effect3 ,! free w ( natural man may be comp>$ to a *a9$ prison] :o1 ?\gh /ill 9 possession ( 8 locomotive p[]s1 is nev]!less imp$$ by 8 fett]s4 7#a1 #acf47 ,also ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 evid5tly ) a squ9t at ,/rigel1 rejects z a ,pelagian error ! tea*+ t orig9al s9 is n a despoliation or defici5cy b only an ext]nal imp$im5t to ^! spiritual good p[]s1 z :5 a magnet is sme>$ ) g>lic-juice1 :]eby its natural p[] is n remov$1 b only h9d]$ or t ?is /a9 c be easily wa%$ away z a spot f ! face or a pigm5t f ! wall4 7#hfe1 #bb47 #afc4 ,/rigel's ,coop]ation4 ,:5 ! imp$im5t caus$ by orig9al s9 has be5 remov$1 & ! w lib]at$ & ar\s$ to activity1 man1 accord+ to ,/rigel1 is able also to coop]ate 9 8 conv]sion4 ,at ,weim> he =mulat$ ! po9t at issue z foll[s3 ,! "q is :e!r 9 conv]sion ! w is pres5t idle1 z an inactive1 indol5t subject1 or1 z ! common say+ is1 9 a purely passive way2 or :e!r1 :5 grace prec$es1 ! w foll[s ! efficacy ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & 9 "s mann] ass5ts--an v]o praeeunte gratia voluntas comitetur efficaciam ,spiritus ,sancti et aliquo modo annuat4 7,lu?>dt1 #bbb47 ,foll[+ are "s ( 8 answ]s to ?is "q3 ,:5 incit$ by ! ,_s1 ! w is able to ass5t some:at & to pray = assi/ance4 ,int] trepidationem utcumque ass5titur1 simul pet5s auxilium4 ,contrition & fai?1 z well z o!r virtues1 are gifts ( ,god1 b !y are giv5 to ^? only :o he> & contemplate ,god's ,^w1 embrace x by ass5t+ to x1 /rive aga9/ _! d\bts & 9 ?is conflict pray = ! help ( ,god4 7#bcj47 ,! ,holy ,gho/ conv]ts ^? :o he> ! ,^w ( ,god & d n resi/ /ubbornly1 b cons5t1 & ,god assi/s su* only z foll[ ,8 call & pray = assi/ance4 7#bbi47 ,! w & he>t d n resi/ altoge!r1 b desire div9e consolation1 :51 inde$1 !y are assi/$ by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,! w is nei!r idle nor contumaci\s2 b1 9 a mann]1 desires to obey4 7,planck #d1 #fhb47 ,man is dead spiritually 9 z f> z he is n able to heal 8 w\nds ) 8 own p[]s2 b :5 ! rem$y is (f]$ him by ! ,holy ,_s & ! ,^w1 !n he1 at lea/ 9 receiv+ ! b5efit1 is n altoge!r dead2 = o!rwise a conv]sion c\ld n occur4 ,= ,i _c conceive a conv]sion :]e ! process is t ( ! flame consum+ /raw 7d5n i* kann mir ke9e ,bekehrung vor/ell51 bei d] es zugeht1 wie w5n die ,flamme das ,/roh ergreift74 ,! nature ( ! w is su* t x c reject ! ,holy ,_s & ! ,^w2 or1 be+ support$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 c 9 a mann] w & obey4 ,! rem$y is heav5ly & div9e1 b ! w--n ! w alone1 b ! w support$ by ! ,holy ,_s--is able to accept x4 ,"o mu/ ascribe at lea/ a feeble cons5t & an ',aye' to ! w1 :i* is already support$ by ! ,holy ,_s4 7,preg] #b1 #bjh47 ,9 a betro?al1 cons5t is necess>y2 conv]sion is a betro?al ( ,*ri/ to ! ,*ur* & its individual memb]s2 h5ce cons5t is requir$1 :i* ! w is able to give :5 assi/$ by ! ,holy ,_s4 7,lu?>dt1 #bbd47 ,x is1 h[ev]1 only a languid1 wav]+1 & weak cons5t :i* man is able to r5d] 7qualiscumque ass5sio languida1 trepida et imbecilla74 ,comp>$ ) ! div9e op]ation1 ,flacius reports ,/rigel z hav+ said1 ! coop]ation ( our p[]s 9 conv]sion is some?+ extremely small 7quiddam p]t5ue prorsus74 ,if1 aft] dr9k+ ) a ri* man1 he pay+ a tal] & ,i a hell]1 ,i w\ld aft]w>ds boa/ t ,i _h be5 dr9k+ & pay+ ) him--su* is coop]ation1 talis e/ syn]gia4 7,planck #d1 #fgg2 ,lu?>dt1 #bbj4 #bbb47 ,accord+ to ,/rigel1 !re=e1 man is n purely passive1 b plays an active "p 9 8 conv]sion4 ,) ,melan*?on & ,pfeff+] he ma9ta9$3 ,^! ?ree concur 9 conv]sion3 ! ,holy ,_s1 :o moves ! he>ts2 ! voice ( ,god2 ! w ( man1 :i* ass5ts to ! div9e voice4 ,concurrunt 9 conv]sione haec tria3 ,spiritus ,sanctus mov5s corda1 vox ,dei1 voluntas hom9is1 quae voci div9ae ass5titur4 7,ts*ack]t1 #ebd47 ,flacius decl>$ ) respect to ! issue =mulat$ by ,/rigel3 ,i expla9 my entire view z foll[s3 ,man is purely passive 7homo se habet pure passive74 ,if y consid] ! native faculty ( ! w1 its will+ & its p[]s1 !n he is purely passive :5 he receives 79 accipi5do74 ,b if t div9ely be/[$ will+ or sp>k ( fai? k9dl$ by ! ,_s is consid]$1 !n ?is imp>t$ will+ & ?is sp>k is n purely passive4 ,b ! ,adamic w does n only n op]ate or coop]ate1 b1 accord+ to ! inborn malice ( ! he>t1 ev5 op]ates contr>ily 7v]um etiam pro nativa malitia cordis sui contra op]atur74 7,planck #d1 #fig47 ,?us ,flacius cle>ly di/+ui%$ betwe5 coop]ation be=e conv]sion 7:i* he reject$ absolutely7 & coop]ation aft] conv]sion 7:i* he all[$74 ,& press+ ?is po9t1 he said to ,/rigel3 ,i ask :e!r y say t ! w coop]ates be=e ! gift ( fai? or aft] fai? has be5 receiv$ :e!r y say t ! w coop]ates f natural p[]s1 or 9 s f> z ! good volition has be5 be/[$ by ! r5ovation ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,qua]o1 an dicas1 voluntatem coop]>i ante donum fidei aut po/ acceptam fidem2 an dicas1 coop]>i ex naturalibus viribus aut quat5us ex r5ovatione ,spiritus ,sancti datum e/ b5e velle4 7,seeb]g #d1 #dib47 ,aga93 ,i %all )draw ! *>ge ( ,pelagianism if y w decl>e x z y\r op9ion t only ! reg5]at$1 sanctifi$1 r5ew$ w coop]ates1 & n ! o!r human1 c>nal1 natural w4 ,confess op5ly & expressly & say cle>ly3 ',i affirm t man coop]ates f fai? & ! good w be/[$ by ,god1 n f ! w he br+s ) him f 8 natural ,adam--quod homo coop]etur ex fide et bono velle div9itus donato1 non ex eo1 quod attulit ex suo naturali ,adamo4' ,we say1 ,only ! reg5]ate w coop]ates2 if y ,/rigel say ! same1 ! controv]sy is at an end4 ,/rigel1 h[ev]1 :o1 to use a phrase ( ,lu!r 7,/4 ,l4 #ah1 #afgc71 0 j z h>d to cat* z ,proteus ( old1 did n reply ) a def9ite yes or no1 b repeat$ t x 0 only a weak ass5t 7qualiscumque ass5sio languida trepida et imbecilla7 :i* man 0 able to r5d] :5 8 w 0 incit$ & support$ by ! prev5i5t grace ( ! ,holy ,_s4 7,preg] #b1 #bag2 ,lu?>dt1 #bag4 #bbb4 #bbg2 ,frank #a1 #aae47 #afd4 ,objections ,answ]$4 ,at ,weim>1 ,/rigel insi/$3 ,! human w mu/ n be elim9at$ z "o ( ! causes ( conv]sion2 = )\t man's w & intellect no conv]sion is possible4 ,flacius repli$3 ,! w1 inde$1 is pres5t 9 conv]sion1 = x is ! w t is conv]t$ & exp]i5ces conv]sion2 b ! inborn p[] ( ! natural w contributes no?+ to conv]sion1 & !re=e ! w is purely passive 9 ! reception ( grace4 7,preg] #b1 #bag47 ,we are press$ h>d ) ! sophi/ical objection t man is n conv]t$ )\t 8 k & w4 ,b :o d\bts ?is8 ,! entire "q is3 ,:5ce does t good k orig9ate8 ,:5ce does t good volition orig9ate8 7#baf47 ,we c]ta9ly admit t 9 conv]sion !re are _m motions ( ! intellect & w1 good & bad4 ,b ! dispute among u is n :e!r 9 conv]sion ! intellect und]/&s & ! w wills2 b :5ce is ! capability to ?9k "r1 & :5ce is t good will+ ( ! w8 ,is x ( u1 z ( ourselves1 or is ?is suffici5cy ( will+ & ?9k+ ( ,god alone8 7,planck #d1 #gaa47 ,! fact t ,god alone conv]ts man1 said ,flacius1 does n exclude ! pres5ce ( ! w2 b x does exclude all efficaci\sness & op]ation ( ! natural w 9 conv]sion 7non excludit voluntatem1 ne adsit1 s$ excludit omnem efficaciam et op]ationem naturalise voluntatis 9 conv]sione74 7,seeb]g #d1 #dib47 ,9 ord] to prove man's coop]ation 9 conv]sion1 ,/rigel decl>$3 ,bo? to w & to p]=m are 9 "s way acts ( ,god & ( ourselves2 = no will+ & p]=m+ takes place unless we w4 ,utrumque velle et p]fic]e aliquo modo ,dei et no/rum e/ non fit velle aut p]fic]e nisi nobis vol5tibus4 ,*>g+ ,/rigel ) ambiguity1 ,flacius repli$3 ,y speak ( "o k9d ( syn]gism & we ( ano!r4 ,y _c affirm ) a good consci5ce t ^! que/ions are unkn[n to y4 ,/rigel1 prote/+ t he 0 unable to see ! diff]5ce1 answ]$3 ,= ,god's sake1 h a little =be>ance ) me1 ,i _c see ! diff]5ce4 ,if t is to my discr$it1 let x be to my discr$it4--,bitte um ,gottes will51 man wolle mir's zugut halt52 i* kann's ni*t ausmess54 ,i/ mir's e9e ,s*&'1 s sei mir's e9e ,s*&'4 7,frank #a1 #acf47 ,/rigel1 h[ev]1 evid5tly meant t man1 too1 has a %>e 9 produc+ ! good volition1 :ile ,flacius und]/ood ! phraseology z ,lu!r & ,augu/9e expla9$ x1 ! latt]1 e4g41 writ+ 9 ,de ,gratia et ,lib]o ,arbitrio3 ,x is c]ta9 t we w :5 we w2 b ,he :o makes u w is ,he ( :om x is writt53 ,x is ,god :o worke? 9 u to w4 ,c]tum e/ nos velle cum volumus2 s$ ille facit1 ut velimus1 de quo dictum e/3 ,deus e/1 qui op]atur 9 nobis velle4 7,frank #a1 #bch47 ,9 8 objections to ! doctr9e t man is purely passive 9 8 conv]sion1 ,/rigel prote/$ aga9 & aga9 t man is n l a block or /one :5 he is conv]t$4 ,t is true1 said ,flacius1 = a block c nei!r love nor hate ,god1 :ile man by nature hates ,god1 & sc(fs at ,him4 ,rom4 #h1 #a2 #a ,cor4 #b4 ,?us ,god is deal+ ) "o ^: w & he>t is altoge!r aga9/ ,him4 ,b "h 9 ! d5ial t man is purely passive 9 conv]sion is buri$ a popi% m]itum de congruo & a p>ticle ( free w4 7,preg] #b1 #aia47 ,flacius fur!rmore expla9$ t 9 8 conv]sion man is able to coop]ate j z little z a /one c contribute to its trans=mation into a /atue4 ,inde$1 man's condition is ev5 m mis]able ?an t ( a /one or block 7mis]ior trunco71 because by 8 natural p[]s he resi/s1 & _c b resi/1 ! op]ations ( ! ,_s4 7,planck #d1 #fif;f47 ,/rigel reason$3 ,if man is conv]t$ )\t 8 cons5t1 & if he _c b resi/ ! op]ations ( ! ,holy ,_s1 conv]sion is an impossibility1 a contradiction4 ,he said3 ,if ! w1 ev5 :5 assi/$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 is unable to ass5t1 x mu/ ( necessity resi/ ,him p]petually1 drive out1 reject1 & repudiate ! ,^w & ,holy ,_s2 = x is impossible t motions extremely conflict+ & contradictory1 ! "o embrac+1 ! o!r repudiat+ & p]si/5tly reject+1 %\ld be 9 ! same w4 ,si voluntas etiam adiuta a ,spiritu ,sancto non pote/ ass5tiri1 necesse e/1 ut p]petuo ei repugnet1 ut excutiat1 reiiciat et repudiet ,v]bum et ,spiritum ,sanctum4 ,nam impossibile e/ 9 eadem voluntate esse motus extreme pugnantes et contradictorios1 quorum alt] e/ amplecti1 alt] repudi>e et quidem p]/>e 9 reiectione4 ,flacius repli$3 ,y ne$ b di/+ui% betwe5 ! s9ful natural w inh]it$ f ,adam1 :i* always resi/s1 & ! new cons5t+ w implant$ by ,god 9 conv]sion4 ,man cons5ts ) ! fai? giv5 by ,god1 b he resi/s ) ! inborn wick$ness ( 8 ,old ,adam4 ,y\r error is t y ackn[l$ge only an incit+ grace1 :i* m]e incitation presupposes p[]s ( "o's own to d & to p]=m 7talis incitatio includit proprias vires ad p]fici5dum74 ,i plead1 said ,flacius1 t by orig9al s9 man is n only w\nd$1 b1 z ! ,scriptures affirm1 entirely dead1 & 8 faculties to d t :i* is good h be5 de/roy$2 on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 he is alive & vigor\s t[>d evil 7hom9em 444 p5itus esse mortuum1 ext9ctum et int]fectum ad bonum et contra insup] vivum et vig5tem ad malum74 ,! w is free ) respect to ?+s b5ea? itself1 b n ) respect to ?+s above itself4 ,9 spiritual matt]s x is a s]vant ( ,satan4 ,h5ce1 said ,flacius1 9 ord] to coop]ate1 new spiritual life mu/ fir/ be imp>t$ to1 & creat$ 91 man by ! grace ( ,god4 7,planck #d1 #fic;ff42 ,frank #a1 #bbd;ff41 ,lu?>dt1 #bbd2 ,preg] #b1 #baf47 ,/rigel argu$3 ,if man is able only to s9 & to resi/ ! grace ( ,god1 he _c be held acc\ntable = 8 actions4 ,b ,flacius repli$3 ,also ! non-reg5]ate are ju/ly accus$ made responsible = _! actions = ) ! remnant ( ! c>nal lib]ty !y are able at lea/ to obs]ve ext]nal dec5cy 7,zu*t71 :i* ,god e>ne/ly dem&s ( u1 = example1 to he> ,god's ,^w1 to g to *ur* m frequ5tly ?an into ! tav]n4 ,fur!rmore1 !re are _m c>nal transgressions 9 :i* natural man c\ld h done some?+ :i* he has n done4 ,god may ju/ly hold u responsible also ) respect to ?+s :i* we are unable to d because ,he has be/[$ un9jur$ p[]s ^u ! human race1 :i*1 ?\gh =ew>n$1 man has %amefully lo/ ?r\gh 8 own fault4 7,preg] #b1 #bad;f47 ,"t & aga9 ,/rigel told ,flacius t accord+ to 8 doctr9e man is co]c$ to s9 & compell$ to resi/ ! grace ( ,god4 ,b ! latt] repli$3 ,z f> z 8 own p[]s are conc]n$1 ! natural w ( man inde$ s9s & resi/s inevitably & ( necessity 7voluntas repugnat necess>io et inevitabilit]71 b n by co]cion or compulsion4 ,necessity to resi/ 7necessitas repugn&i71 ,flacius expla9$1 does n involve co]cion to resi/ 7coactio repugn&i71 s9ce !re is su* a ?+ z a necessity ( immutability 7necessitas immutabilitatis71 t is to say1 man may be unable to act o!rwise & yet act will+ly4 ,! impossibility ( be+ able to w o!rwise ?an "o really wills1 does1 accord+ to ,flacius1 n at all involve co]cion or compulsion4 ,! holy angels are free f compulsion1 al?\gh !y _c s9 or fall any m4 ,x is ! highe/ degree ( fre$om & ,*ri/ian p]fection :51 9 ! life to come1 our w to rema9 9 union ) ,god is elevat$ to immutability ( s will+4 ,aga91 ?\gh ,satan _c b s91 yet he is n co]c$ to s94 ,?us too1 ( 8 own p[]s1 natural man is able only to resi/ grace1 yet !re is no compulsion involv$4 ,! fact1 !re=e1 t natural man _c b s9 & resi/ grace does n w>rant ! inf]5ce t he is compell$ to s92 nor does ! fact t natural man is n co]c$ to resi/ prove t he is able also to ass5t to grace4 ,! fact1 said ,flacius1 t ! wick$ will+ly w1 ?9k1 & d only :at pleases ,satan does n prove an ability to w 9 ! opposite spiritual direction1 b m]ely reveals ! t]rible ext5t ( ,satan's tyrannical p[] ov] natural man4 7,lu?>dt #bbd4 #bca47 ,accord+ to ,flacius ! w always wills will+ly :5 x wills & :at x wills4 ,9 brief3 ,! categories co]cion & compulsion _c be appli$ to ! w4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n imply t ,god is n able to create or re/ore a good w )\t co]cion or compulsion4 ,!re 0 no co]cion or compulsion involv$ :5 ,god1 creat+ ,adam1 ,eve1 & ! angels1 end[$ !m ) a good w4 ,nor is !re any su* ?+ z co]cion or compulsion :5 ,god1 9 conv]sion1 be/[s fai? & a good w ^u man4 ,9 8 /atem5ts on ! fre$om ( ! w1 ,flacius m]ely repeat$ :at ,lu!r _h writt5 be=e him1 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio3 ,= if x is n we1 b ,god alone1 :o works salvation 9 u1 !n no?+ t we d previ\s to ,8 "w1 :e!r we w or n1 is salut>y4 ,b :5 ,i say1 'by necessity1' ,i d n mean by co]cion1 b1 z !y say by ! necessity ( immutability1 n by necessity ( co]cion1 i4e41 man1 de/itute ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 does n s9 p]=ce1 z ?\gh seiz$ by ! neck /ret*$ ^u ! rack nor unwill+ly1 z a ?ief or robb] is l$ to 8 puni%m5t b spontane\sly & will+ly4 ,& by 8 own /r5g? he _c omit1 re/ra91 or *ange ?is desire or will+ness to s91 b cont9ues to w x & to f9d pleasure 9 x4 ,= ev5 if he is compell$ by =ce1 outw>dly to d some?+ else1 )91 ! w nev]!less rema9s av]se1 & rages aga9/ him :o compels or resi/s x4 ,= if x 7 *ang$ & will+ly yield$ to =ce1 x w\ld n be angry4 ,& ?is we call ! necessity ( immutability1 i4e41 ! w _c *ange itself & turn to some?+ else1 b is r provok$ to w m int5sely by be+ resi/$1 z is prov$ by its indignation4 ,si enim non nos1 s$ solus ,deus op]atur salutem 9 nobis1 nihil ante opus eius op]amur salut>e1 velimus nolimus4 ,necess>io v]o dico1 ,,non ,,coacte1 s$1 ut illi dicunt1 necessitate immutabilitatis1 ,,non ,,coactionis2 id e/ homo cum vacat ,spiritu ,dei1 ,,non ,,quidem ,,viol5tia1 velut raptus obtorto collo1 ,,nol5s facit peccatum1 quemadmodum fur aut latro nol5s ad po5am ducitur1 s$ sponte et lib5ti voluntate facit4 ,v]um hanc lib5tiam seu voluntatem faci5di non pote/ suis viribus omitt]e1 co]c]e aut mut>e1 s$ p]git vol5do et lub5do2 etiamsi ad extra cogatur aliud fac]e p] vim1 tam5 voluntas intus manet av]sa et indignatur cog5ti aut resi/5ti4 ,non enim indign>etur1 si mut>etur ac vol5s vim sequ]etur4 ,hoc vocamus modo necessitatem immutabilitatis1 id e/1 quod voluntas sese mut>e et v]t]e alio non possit1 s$ potius irritetur magis ad vol5dum1 dum ei resi/itur1 quod probat eius indignatio4 7,e4 v4 a4 #g1 #aee;f4 #acd4 #aeg2 ,/4 ,l4 #ah #agag4 #afib4 #agah47 ,flacius 0 also *>g$ ) tea*+ t man is conv]t$ resi/+ 7hom9em conv]ti repugnantem74 ,9 _! ,confession & ,op9ion ,conc]n+ ,free ,w1 ( #aefa1 ! ,witt5b]g !ologians repeat$ ! ass]tion t ,flacius taught conv]ti hom9em 444 repugnantem et ho/ilit] ,deo conv]t5ti adv]santem4 7,planck #d1 #fhh47 ,b ,flacius prote/$3 ,i d n simply say t man is conv]t$ resi/+ 7hom9em repugnantem conv]ti74 ,b ,i say t he resi/s ) respect to 8 natural & c>nal free w4 ,x is n d5i$ t ,god conv]ts u z will+ & und]/&+ 7qu9 ,deus nos conv]tat vol5tes et intellig5tes71 b will+ & und]/&+ n f ! ,old ,adam b f ! light giv5 by ,god & f ! good volition be/[$ ?r\gh ! ,^w & ! ,holy ,_s4 7#fib47 ,man is conv]t$ or drawn by ! ,fa!r to ! ,son n z a ?ief is ca/ into prison1 b 9 su* a mann] t 8 evil w is *ang$ into a good w by ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,_s4 7,preg] #b1 #bah47 ,x is ! v ess5ce ( conv]sion t by ! grace ( ,god unwill+ m5 are made will+4 ,9 support ( 8 error t natural man is able to coop]ate 9 8 conv]sion ,/rigel appeal$ to ,rom4 #h1 #bf3 ,likewise ! ,_s also helpe? our infirmities1 etc42 & appeal+ to ! ,augu/ana = ! correctness ( 8 int]pretation1 he decl>$ t ?is passage proves t "o may speak ( a languid & weak ass5t 9 man ev5 be=e he is end[$ ) fai?4 ,flacius repli$ t ?is ,bible-passage ref]r$ to su* only z are already conv]t$1 & t ,/rigel's int]pretation 0 f\nd n 9 ! orig9al ,augu/ana1 b 9 ! ,v>iata4--,f ! admonition #b ,cor4 #e1 #bj3 ,be ye reconcil$ to ,god1 ,/rigel inf]r$ t free w mu/ to a c]ta9 ext5t be capable ( accept+ ! grace (f]$ by ,god4 ,flacius answ]$ t x 0 a logical fallacy1 conflict+ also ) ! cle> ,^w ( ,god1 to conclude t man by 8 own p[]s is able to p]=m some?+ because ,god dem&s x & admoni%es & urges u to d x4--,f ,acts #e1 #cb3 444! ,holy ,gho/1 :om ,god ha? giv5 to !m t obey ,him1 ,/rigel argu$ t ! w is able to cons5t to ! ,holy ,_s4 ,b ,flacius rejo9$ t ?is passage ref]s to special gifts be/[$ ^u su* z are already conv]t$4--,9 support ( 8 syn]gism1 ,/rigel also appeal$ to ! ,p>able ( ! ,prodigal ,son1 :o himself rep5t$ & return$ to 8 fa!r4 ,b ,flacius answ]$3 ,if e detail ( ?is p>able tak5 f e-day life 7 to be int]pret$ 9 su* a mann]1 ,/rigel w\ld h to ab&on 8 own tea*+ conc]n+ prev5i5t grace1 s9ce accord+ to ! p>able ! rep5tance & return ( ! son prec$es ! grace be/[$ by ! fa!r4 7,preg] #b1 #baj;f47 #afe4 ,tea*+ ( ! ,anti-,syn]gi/s4 ,:ile ! ,philippi/s1 also 9 ! ,syn]gi/ic ,controv]sy1 endeavor$ to supplant ! au?ority & doctr9e ( ,lu!r by t ( ,melan*?on1 _! oppon5ts1 ,amsdorf1 ,flacius1 ,wig&1 ,hes%usius1 & o!rs 7?\gh n always =tunate 9 ! *oice ( _! phraseology71 /ood f\r-squ>e on ,lu!r's tea*+ ( ! sola gratia1 :i*1 !y 7 fully conv9c$1 0 no?+ b ! pure tru? ( ! ,gospel itself4 ,!y ma9ta9$ t1 z a result ( ! ,fall1 man has lo/ 8 orig9al hol9ess & righte\sness or ! image ( ,god2 t bo? z to 8 intellect & w he is totally corrupt spiritually2 t ( 8 own p[]s he is utt]ly unable to ?9k or w any?+ t is truly good2 t n a sp>k ( spiritual life is f\nd 9 natural man by virtue ( :i* he might ass5t to ! ,gospel or coop]ate ) ! ,holy ,_s 9 8 conv]sion2 t 8 c>nal m9d is enmity t[>d ,god2 t ( 8 own p[]s he is active only 9 resi/+ ! "w ( ! ,holy ,_s1 nor is he able to d o!rwise2 t su* resi/ance cont9ues until he is conv]t$ & a new w & he>t h be5 creat$ 9 him2 t conv]sion consi/s 9 ?is1 t m5 :o by nature are unwill+ & resi/ ,god's grace become su* z will+ly cons5t & obey ! ,gospel & ! ,holy ,_s2 t ?is is done solely by ,god's grace1 ?r\gh ,^w & ,sacram5t2 t man is purely passive 9 8 conv]sion1 inasmu* z he contributes no?+ t[>ds x1 & m]ely suff]s & exp]i5ces ! "w ( ! ,holy ,_s2 t only aft] 8 conv]sion man is able to coop]ate ) ! ,holy ,_s2 t su* coop]ation1 h[ev]1 fl[s n f innate p[]s ( ! natural w1 b f ! new p[]s imp>t$ 9 conv]sion2 t also 9 ! conv]t$ ! natural s9ful w cont9ues to oppose :atev] is truly good1 ?us caus+ a conflict betwe5 ! fle% & ! _s :i* la/s till dea?2 9 brief1 t man's conv]sion & salvation are due to grace alone & 9 no respect :atev] to man & 8 natural p[]s4 ,! ,book ( ,confutation1 ( #aeei1 draft$1 z /at$ above1 by ! !ologians ( ,j5a1 designates ! syn]gi/ic dogma z a rejection ( grace4 ,"h we also meet ) /atem5ts su* z ! foll[+3 ,human nature is altoge!r turn$ aside f ,god1 & is ho/ile t[>d ,him & subject to ! tyranny ( s9 & ,satan 7naturam humanam prorsus a ,deo av]sam eique inimicam et tyrannidi peccati ac ,satanae subiectam esse74 ,x is impossible = ! unreg5]ate man to und]/& or to appreh5d ! w ( ,god reveal$ 9 ! ,^w1 or by 8 own p[] to conv]t himself to ,god & to w or p]=m any?+ good 7hom9i non r5ato impossibile esse intellig]e aut appreh5d]e voluntatem ,dei 9 ,v]bo patefactam aut sua ipsius voluntate ad ,deum se conv]t]e1 boni aliquid velle aut p]fic]e74 ,our w to obey ,god or to *oose ! good is utt]ly ext+ui%$ & corrupt$4 ,voluntas no/ra ad ,dei ob$i5tiam aut ad bonum elig5dum prorsus ext9cta et depravata e/4 7,ts*ack]t1 #ebc2 ,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bbi47 ,! second ( ! ,propositions prep>$ by ,simon ,musaeus & ,flacius = ! ,disputation at ,weim>1 #aefj1 reads3 ,corrupt man _c op]ate or coop]ate t[>d any?+ good by true motions1 & su* z proce$ f ! he>t2 = 8 he>t is altoge!r dead spiritually1 & has utt]ly lo/ ! image ( ,god1 or all p[]s & incl9ations t[>d t :i* is good4 ,homo corruptus nihil boni pote/ v]is ac ex corde pr(icisc5tibus motibus op]>i aut coop]>i1 nom plane e/ spiritualit] mortuus et ,dei imag9em seu omnes bonas vires et incl9ationes prorsus amisit4 ,! ?ird3 ,n only has he lo/ entirely all good p[]s1 b1 9 addition1 he has also acquir$ contr>y & mo/ evil p[]s1 444 s t1 ( necessity or inevitably1 he con/antly & vehem5tly opposes ,god & true piety 7ita tr4 note3 sic on punctuation ut necess>io seu inevitabilit] ,deo ac v]ae pietati semp] et vehem5t] adv]setur4 ,! f\r? !sis /ates t ,god alone1 ?r\gh ,8 ,^w & ! ,holy ,_s1 conv]ts1 draws1 & illum9es man1 k9dles fai?1 ju/ifies1 r5ews1 & creates him unto good works1 :ile natural or ,adamic free w is ( itself n only inactive1 b resi/s 7non solum non coop]ante ex se naturali aut ,adamico lib]o arbitrio1 s$ etiam contra fur5te ac frem5te74 7,planck #d1 #fib2 ,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bde47 ,! same position 0 occupi$ by ! ,mansfeld m9i/]s 9 a /atem5t ( ,augu/ #bj1 #aefb1 & by ,hes%usius 9 8 ,confutation ( ! ,argum5ts by :i* ! ,syn]gi/s ,endeavor to ,def5d ,_! ,error ,conc]n+ ! ,p[]s ( ! ,dead ,free ,w4 ,!y held t 9 8 conv]sion man is purely passive & has no mode ( action :atev]2 t he is b ! passive subject :o is to be conv]t$ 7subiectam pati5s1 subiectum conv]t5dum72 t he contributes no m to 8 conv]sion ?an an infant to its own =mation 9 ! womb ( its "m2 t he is passive1 l a block1 inasmu* z he does n 9 any way coop]ate1 b at ! same "t diff]s f1 & is worse ?an1 a block1 because he is active 9 resi/+ ! ,holy ,_s until he has be5 conv]t$4 ,! ,confession pres5t$ by ! !ologians ( ,ducal ,saxony 7,wig&1 ,coele/9us1 ,ir5aeus1 ,ros9us1 ,kir*n]1 etc47 at ! ,alt5burg ,colloquy ,m>*1 #aefi1 occupies ! same doctr9al position4 ,z /at$ be=e1 ^! !ologians made x a special po9t also to decl>e _! agreem5t ) ,lu!r's book ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio4 7,s*luesselburg #e1 #caf4 #acc47 #aff4 ,attitude ( ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,! second article ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 :i* decid$ ! que/ions involv$ 9 ! ,syn]gi/ic ,controv]sy1 takes a cle>1 det]m9$1 & consi/5t /& aga9/ all =ms & =mulas ( syn]gism4 ,at ! same "t x avoids all extravagant1 improp]1 (f5sive1 & inadequate t]ms & phrases1 z well z ! num]\s pitfalls lurk+ ev]y:]e 9 ! que/ions conc]n+ free w1 aga9/ :i* also "s ( ! oppon5ts ( ! ,syn]gi/s _h n always suffici5tly be5 on _! gu>d4 ,article ,,ii tea*es t orig9al s9 is an unspeakable evil & su* an entire corruption ( human nature t 9 x & all its int]nal & ext]nal p[]s no?+ pure or good rema9s1 b ev]y?+ is entirely corrupt1 s t on acc\nt ( orig9al s9 man is 9 ,god's sight truly spiritually dead1 ) all 8 p[]s dead to t :i* is good 7dass d] ,m5s* dur* die ,erbsu5de wahrhaftig vor ,gott gei/li* tot und zum ,gut5 mit all5 se95 ,kraeft5 er/orb5 sei7 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #hgi1 #fj72 t 9 spiritual & div9e ?+s ! intellect1 he>t1 & w ( ! unreg5]ate man are utt]ly unable1 by _! own natural p[]s1 to und]/&1 believe1 accept1 ?9k1 w1 beg91 effect1 "w1 or concur 9 work+1 any?+1 b !y are entirely dead to :at is good1 & corrupt1 s t 9 man's nature s9ce ! ,fall1 be=e reg5]ation1 !re is n ! lea/ sp>k ( spiritual p[] rema9+1 nor pres5t1 by :i*1 ( himself1 he c prep>e himself = ,god's grace1 or accept ! (f]$ grace1 nor be capable ( x = & ( himself1 or apply or accommodate himself !reto1 or by 8 own p[]s be able ( himself1 z ( himself1 to aid1 d1 "w1 or concur 9 work+ any?+ t[>ds 8 conv]sion ei!r :olly1 or half1 or 9 any1 ev5 ! lea/ or mo/ inconsid]able "p2 b t he is ! s]vant & slave ( s91 ,john #h1 #cd1 & a captive ( ! devil1 by :om he is mov$1 ,eph4 #b1 #b2 #b ,tim4 #b1 #bf4 ,h5ce natural free w accord+ to its p]v]t$ disposition & nature is /rong & active only ) respect to :at is displeas+ & contr>y to ,god 7#hhc1 #g2 #hhg1 #ag72 t be=e man is enlight5$1 conv]t$1 reg5]at$1 r5ew$ & drawn by ! ,holy ,_s he c ( himself & ( 8 own natural p[]s beg9 "w1 or concur 9 work+ 9 spiritual ?+s & 9 8 own conv]sion or reg5]ation j z little z a /one or a block or clay4 7#hia1 #bd72 t1 moreov]1 9 ?is respect inasmu* z man resi/s ! ,holy ,_s x may well be said t man is n a /one or block1 = a /one or block does n resi/ ! p]son :o moves x1 nor does x und]/& & is s5sible ( :at is be+ done ) x1 z man ) 8 w s long resi/s ,god ! ,"l until he is conv]t$ 7donec ad ,deum conv]sus fu]it7 7#ije1 #ei72 t ! ,holy ,scriptures ascribe conv]sion1 fai? 9 ,*ri/1 reg5]ation1 r5ewal1 & all t belongs to _! efficaci\s beg9n+ & completion1 n to ! human p[]s ( ! natural free w1 nei!r entirely1 nor half nor 9 any1 ev5 ! lea/ or mo/ inconsid]able "p1 b 9 solidum1 t is1 entirely & solely1 to ! div9e work+ & ! ,holy ,_s 7#hia1 #be72 t ! prea*+ & he>+ ( ,god's ,^w are in/rum5ts ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 by1 )1 & ?r\gh :i* ,he desires to "w efficaci\sly1 & to conv]t m5 to ,god1 & to "w 9 !m bo? to w & to d 7#ija1 #eb72 t z soon z ! ,holy ,gho/ 444 has begun 9 u ?is ,8 "w ( reg5]ation & r5ewal1 x is c]ta9 t ?r\gh ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/ we c & %\ld coop]ate 7mitwirk571 al?\gh /ill 9 great weakness 7#ijg1 #fe72 t ?is coop]ation1 h[ev]1 does n occur f our c>nal natural p[]s1 b f ! new p[]s & gifts :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ has begun 9 u 9 conv]sion1 & is to be und]/ood 9 no o!r way ?an t ! conv]t$ man does good to su* an ext5t & s long z ,god by ,8 ,holy ,_s rules1 guides1 & leads him1 & t z soon z ,god w\ld )draw ,8 graci\s h& f him1 he c\ld n = a mom5t p]sev]e 9 ob$i5ce to ,god1 & t h5ce x is n a p[] indep5d5t f1 & coord9at$ )1 ! ,holy ,_s1 z ?\gh ! conv]t$ man coop]at$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! mann] z :5 two horses toge!r draw a wagon 7#ijg1 #ff72 & f9ally1 t z to ! ?ree-concurr+-causes doctr9e x is manife/1 f ! explanations pres5t$ t conv]sion to ,god is a "w ( ,god ! ,holy ,gho/ alone1 :o is ! true ,ma/] t alone works ?is 9 u1 = :i* ,he uses ! prea*+ & he>+ ( ,8 holy ,^w z ,8 ord9>y means & in/rum5t4 ,b ! intellect & w ( ! unreg5]ate man are no?+ else ?an subiectum conv]t5dum1 t is1 t :i* is to be conv]t$1 x be+ ! intellect & w ( a spiritually dead man1 9 :om ! ,holy ,gho/ works conv]sion & r5ewal1 t[>ds :i* "w man's w t is to be conv]t$ does no?+1 b suff]s ,god alone to "w 9 him until he is reg5]at$ & !n he coop]ates works also ) ! ,holy ,gho/ t :i* is pleas+ to ,god 9 o!r good works t foll[ 9 ! way & to ! ext5t fully set =? above 7#iae1 #ij74 ,x has be5 said t orig9ally also ! ,=mula ( ,concord 9 its ,torgau draft 7,das ,torgaus*e ,bu*1 i4e41 ! draft prec$+ ! ,b]gic ,book,=mula ( ,concord7 conta9$ ! ?ree-concurr+-causes doctr9e ( ,melan*?on & ! ,syn]gi/s4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 ! ,torgau ,book does n speak ( ?ree causes ( conv]sion1 b ( ?ree causes 9 ^? :o are already conv]t$1--a doctr9e entirely 9 agreem5t ) ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 :i*1 z %[n1 pla9ly tea*es t aft] conv]sion ! w ( man also coop]ates ) ! ,holy ,_s4 ,9 ! ,torgau ,book ! passage 9 "q reads3 ,?us also ?ree causes concur to effect ?is int]nal new ob$i5ce 9 ! conv]t$4 ,! fir/ & *ief cause is ,god ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/4444 ,! second is ,god's ,^w4444 ,! ?ird is man's intellect1 enlight5$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 :i* pond]s & und]/&s ,god's comm& ?reat & promise1 & our new & reg5]ate w1 :i* is gov]n$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 & n[ desires ) a glad & will+ he>t 7h]zli* g]n und willig71 ?\gh 9 great weakness1 to submit to1 & obey1 ! ,^w & w ( ,god4 ,9 ! same s5se1 at ! colloquy 9 ,a,itenburg1 #aefh to #aefi1 ! ,j5a !ologians also m5tion$ z a ?ird cause ! m9d ( man1 :i* is reg5]at$ & r5ew$1 & yields to1 & obeys1 ! ,holy ,_s & ! ,^w ( ,god 7des ,m5s*5 ,gemuet1 s wi$]gebor5 und erneu]t i/ und dem ,heilig5 ,gei/e und ,gottes ,wort ,folge tut und gehorsam i/74 7,frank #a1 #bad;f47 ,,xv4 ,! ,flacian ,controv]sy4 #afg4 ,flacius ,entrapp$ by ,/rigel4 ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illyricus1 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ & capable !ologians ( 8 day & ! mo/ fai?ful1 devot$1 /aun*1 zeal\s1 & able expon5t & def5d] ( g5u9e ,lu!ranism1 0 ! au?or ( ! malignant controv]sy :i* be>s 8 "n4 ,flacius 0 born ,m>* #c1 #aebj1 9 ,illyria h5ce call$ ,illyricus4 ,he /udi$ 9 ,basel1 ,tueb+51 & ,witt5b]g4 ,at ,witt5b]g he 0 conv9c$ t ! doctr9e ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* is 9 complete agreem5t ) ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,"h1 too1 he 0 appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,hebrew 9 #aedd4 ,9 ,april1 #aedi1 he left ! city on acc\nt ( ! ,int]im4 ,he remov$ to ,magdeburg :]e he became ! en]getic & successful lead] ( ! oppon5ts ( ! ,int]imi/s & ,adiaphori/s4 ,he 0 appo9t$ pr(essor at ! ,univ]sity ( ,j5a1 f\nd$ #aedg1 p>tly 9 opposition to ,philippism4 ,9 ,decemb] #aefa1 he & 8 adh]5ts 7 bani%$ f ,j5a4 ,:5 ! latt] return$ 9 #aefg1 he 0 n recall$4 ,p]secut$ by 8 enemies 7especially ,elector ,augu/ ( ,saxony7 & =sak5 by 8 fri5ds1 he n[ mov$ f "o place to ano!r3 f ,j5a to ,reg5sburg1 !nce to ,antw]p1 to ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 to ,/rassburg 7f :]e he 0 expell$ 9 ! spr+ ( #aegc71 & aga9 to ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 :]e he f\nd a la/ asylum = himself & 8 family 7wife & eight *ildr571 & :]e he also di$ 9 a hospital1 ,m>* #aa1 #aege4 ,9 ! ,adiaphori/ic ,controv]sy ,flacius _h "t & aga9 urg$ ! ,lu!rans to die r ?an d5y & surr5d] ! tru?4 ,& :5 9 ! controv]sy ab\t orig9al s9 all %unn$ him & turn$ aga9/ him he gave ample pro( ( ! fact t he himself 0 imbu$ ) ! _s he _h endeavor$ to k9dle 9 o!rs1 be+ will+ to suff] & to be bani%$ & p]secut$ r ?an sacrifice :at he believ$ to be ! tru?4--,! mo/ important ( 8 num]\s books are3 ,catalogus ,te/ium ,v]itatis1 qui ante no/ram aetatem reclam>unt ,papae1 #aeef2 ,ecclesia/ica ,hi/oria1 or ! s-call$ ,magdeburg ,c5turies 7,c5turiones71 compris+ ! hi/ory ( ! fir/ ?irte5 c5turies1 & publi%$ #aeei-aegd2 ,clavis ,scripturae1 ( #aefg2 & ,glossa ,novi ,te/am5ti4 ,wal!r rem>ks3 ,x 0 a great pity t ,flacius1 :o _h hi!rto be5 su* a fai?ful *ampion ( ! pure doctr9e1 expos$ himself to ! enemies 9 su* a mann]4 ,h5ce=? ! errori/s 7 accu/om$ to br& all ^? z ,flaciani/s :o 7 zeal\s 9 def5d+ ! pure doctr9e ( ,lu!r4 7,k]n und ,/]n1 #cd47 ,! ,flacian ,controv]sy sprang f1 & mu/ be reg>d$ z an episode (1 ! ,syn]gi/ic ,controv]sy1 9 :i* also "s *ampions ( ,lu!r's !ology 7,amsdorf1 ,wig&1 ,hes%usius1 & o!rs7 _h occasionally employ$ ungu>d$1 extreme1 & inadequate expressions4 ,foll[+ are "s ( ! immod]ate & extravagant /atem5ts made by ,flacius3 ,god alone conv]ts man1 ! ,adamic free w n only n coop]at+1 b also rag+ & ro>+ aga9/ x 7s$ etiam contra fur5te ac frem5te74 7,preg] #b1 #bab47 ,! malice ( our free w is a diabolical malice 7no/ra diabolica malitia c>nis aut lib]i arbitrii74 ,by orig9al s9 man is trans=m$ into ! image ( ,satan 7ad imag9em ,satanae trans=matus1 eiusque *>act]e fo$a ,satanae imag9e signatus74 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bde47 ,by orig9al s9 ! sub/ance ( man is de/roy$ 7sub/antiam hom9is ablatam esse72 aft] ! ,fall orig9al s9 is ! sub/ance ( man2 man's nature is id5tical ) s92 9 conv]sion a new sub/ance is creat$ by ,god4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! ass]tions conc]n+ ! sub/antiality ( orig9al s9 gave rise to ! s-call$ ,flacian ,controv]sy4 ,aft] ,/rigel1 at ! second session ( ! disputation 9 ,weim>1 _h dilat$ on ! philosophical def9itions ( ! t]ms sub/ance & accid5t 7accid5s1 quod ade/ vel abe/ praet] subiecti corruptionem71 & _h decl>$ t orig9al s9 0 an accid5t :i* m]ely imp$$ free w 9 its activity1 ,flacius1 9 ! heat ( ! controv]sy1 exclaim$3 ,orig9ale peccatum non e/ accid5s4 ,orig9al s9 is n an accid5t1 = ! ,scriptures call x fle%1 ! evil he>t1 etc4 ,?us he fell into ! pitfall :i* ! wily ,/rigel _h adroitly laid = him4 ,?\gh ,flacius seem$ to be loa? to ent] ^u ! matt] any fur!r1 & prote/$ aga9/ ! use ( philosophical def9itions 9 !ology1 ,/rigel n[ 0 eag] to entangle him /ill fur!r1 ply+ him ) ! "q3 ,an negas peccatum orig9is esse accid5s8 ,d y d5y t orig9al s9 is an accid5t8 ,flacius answ]$3 ,lu!rus dis]te negat esse accid5s4 ,lu!r expressly d5ies t x is an accid5t4 ,/rigel3 ,visne neg>e peccatum esse accid5s8 ,d y mean to d5y t s9 is an accid5t8 ,flacius3 ,quod sit sub/antia1 dixi ,scripturam et ,lu!rum affirm>e4 ,i h said t ,scripture & ,lu!r affirm t x is a sub/ance4 7,lu?>dt1 #bac4 #baf47 ,aft] ! session 9 :i* ! fatal phrase _h fall5 f 8 lips1 ,wig& & ,musaeus expo/ulat$ ) ,flacius1 designat+ 7accord+ to lat] reports ( !irs7 8 /atem5t z ?is new1 p]il\s1 & blasphem\s proposition ( ! anci5t ,mani*eans 7haec nova1 p]iculosa et blasphema vet]um ,mani*aeorum propositio74 7,planck #d1 #faa47 ,flacius decl>$ t1 9 ! sudd5 & press+ exig5cy1 9 ! int]e/ ( tru?1 & aga9/ ,pelagian en?usiasm1 he _h tak5 ?is expression conc]n+ ! sub/antiality ( orig9al s9 f ,lu!r's doctr9e & books4 7,preg] #b1 #cbd47 ,9 ! foll[+ 7?ird7 session1 h[ev]1 he repeat$ 8 error1 decl>+3 ,i mu/ /& by my /atem5t t orig9al s9 is n an accid5t1 b a sub/ance1 because ! te/imonies ( ! ,holy ,scriptures :i* employ t]ms d5ot+ sub/ance 7quae v]bis sub/antialibus utuntur7 are s num]\s4 7,planck #d1 #faj2 ,lu?>dt1 #baf47 ,also lat] on ,flacius always ma9ta9$ t 8 doctr9e 0 no?+ b ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible & ( ,lu!r4 ,z to ,scripture-pro(s1 he ref]r$ to passages 9 :i* ! ,scriptures designate s9 z fle%1 /ony he>t1 etc4 ,reg>d+ ! tea*+ ( ,lu!r1 he quot$ /atem5ts 9 :i* he describes orig9al s9 z man's nature1 ess5ce1 sub/antial s91 all t is born ( fa!r & "m1 etc4 7,preg] #b1 #cah47 ,h[ev]1 ! palpable mi/ake ( ,flacius 0 t he took ! sub/antial t]ms on :i* he bas$ 8 !ory 9 _! orig9al & prop] s5se1 :ile ! ,bible & ,lu!r employ !m 9 a figurative mean+1 z ! ,=mula ( ,concord c>efully expla9s 9 its fir/ article1 :i* decid$ & settl$ ?is controv]sy4 7#hgd1 #ej47 ,"h we read3 ,also to avoid /rife ab\t words1 aequivocationes vocabulorum1 t is1 words & expressions :i* are appli$ & us$ 9 v>i\s mean+s1 %\ld be c>efully & di/9ctly expla9$1 z :5 x is said3 ,god creates ! nature ( m51 !re by ! t]m nature ! ess5ce1 body1 & s\l ( m5 are und]/ood4 ,b (t5 ! disposition or vici\s quality ( a ?+ is call$ its nature1 z :5 x is said3 ,x is ! nature ( ! s]p5t to bite & poison4 ,?us ,lu!r says t s9 & s9n+ are ! disposition & nature ( corrupt man4 ,!re=e orig9al s9 prop]ly signifies ! deep corruption ( our nature z x is describ$ 9 ! ,smalcald ,articles4 ,b sometimes ! concrete p]son or ! subject t is1 man himself ) body & s\l 9 :i* s9 is & inh]es1 is also compris$ "u ?is t]m1 = ! reason t man is corrupt$ by s91 poison$ & s9ful1 z :5 ,lu!r says3 ',?y bir?1 ?y nature1 & ?y entire ess5ce is s91' t is1 s9ful & unclean4 ,lu!r himself expla9s t by nature-s91 p]son-s91 ess5tial s9 he means t n only ! words1 ?\ghts1 & works are s91 b t ! entire nature1 p]son & ess5ce ( man are altoge!r corrupt$ f ! root by orig9al s94 7#hge1 #ea;f47 #afh4 ,context 9 :i* ,/atem5t 0 ,made4 ,9 mak+ 8 /atem5t conc]n+ ! sub/antiality ( orig9al s91 ! purpose ( ,flacius 0 to wipe out ! la/ ve/ige ( spiritual p[]s ascrib$ to natural man by ,/rigel1 & to emphasize ! doctr9e ( total corruption1 :i* ,/rigel d5i$4 ,8 fatal blund] 0 t he did s 9 t]ms :i* 7 univ]sally reg>d$ z savor+ ( ,mani*eism4 ,z 0 fully expla9$ 9 ! *apt] ( ! ,syn]gi/ic ,controv]sy ,/rigel taught t free w1 :i* belongs to ! sub/ance & ess5ce ( man1 & h5ce _c be lo/ )\t ! annihilation ( man himself1 always includes ! capacity to *oose 9 bo? directions1 t also ) respect to div9e grace & ! op]ations ( ! ,holy ,_s man is & always rema9s a lib]um ag5s 9 ! s5se t he is able to decide 9 utramque p>tem2 t ?is ability1 con/itut+ ! v ess5ce ( free w1 may be weak5$ & imp$$ 9 its activity1 b nev] lo/ entirely4 ,if x 7 lo/1 ,/rigel argu$1 ! v sub/ance ( man & free w z su* w\ld h to be reg>d$ z annihilat$4 ,b n[ man1 also aft] ! ,fall1 is /ill a real man1 possess$ ( intellect & w4 ,h5ce orig9al s9 _c h despoil$ him ( ?is lib]ty ( *oos+ pro or con also 9 matt]s spiritual4 ,! loss ( orig9al righte\sness does n1 accord+ to ,/rigel1 involve ! total spiritual disability ( ! w & its sole t5d5cy & activity t[>d :at is spiritually evil4 ,moreov]1 despite orig9al corruption1 x is & rema9s an inde/ructible prop]ty ( man to be able1 at lea/ 9 a measure1 to ass5t to & to admit1 ! op]ations ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & !re=e & 9 ?is s5se to be conv]t$ aliquo modo vol5s4 7,planck #d1 #ffg4 #fge4 #fha47 ,x 0 9 opposition to ?is ,semi-,pelagian tea*+ t ,flacius decl>$ orig9al s9 to be n a m]e accid5t1 b ! sub/ance ( man4 ,ent]+ ^u ! tra9 ( ?\ght & ! phraseology sugge/$ by 8 oppon5t1 he call$ sub/ance :at 9 reality 0 an accid5t1 ?\gh n an accid5t su* z ,/rigel cont5d$4 ,f 8 own /&po9t x 0 !re=e a %rewd move to hide 8 own syn]gism & to entrap 8 oppon5t1 :5 ,/rigel pli$ ,flacius ) ! "q :e!r he d5i$ t orig9al s9 0 an accid5t4 ,= 9 ! context & ! s5se 9 :i* x 0 propos$ ! "q involv$ a vici\s dilemma4 ,answ]+ ) yes or no1 ,flacius 0 compell$ ei!r to affirm ,/rigel's syn]gism or to expose himself to ! *>ge ( ,mani*eism4 ,in/ead ( reply+ z he did1 ,flacius %\ld h cle>$ ! sophi/ical atmosph]e by expla9+3 ,if ,i say1 ',orig9al s9 is an accid5t1' y ,/rigel w inf] :at ,i reject1 viz41 t ! corrupt w ( man reta9s ! p[] to decide also 9 favor ( ! op]ations ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,& if ,i answ] t orig9al s9 is n an accid5t 7su* z y h 9 m9d71 y w aga9 inf] :at ,i disav[1 viz41 t man1 :o by ! ,fall has lo/ ! ability to w 9 ! spiritual direction1 has eo ipso lo/ ! w & its fre$om entirely & z su*4 ,z x 01 h[ev]1 ,flacius in/ead ( adh]+ /rictly to ! real issue--! "q conc]n+ man's coop]ation 9 conv]sion--& expos+ ! sophi/ry impli$ 9 ! "q put by ,/rigel1 mo/ un=tunately suff]$ himself to be caught on ! horns ( ! dilemma4 ,he bl9dly walk$ into ! trap set = him by ,/rigel1 f :i* also lat] on he nev] succe$$ 9 fully extricat+ himself4 ,) all 8 s\l ,flacius reject$ ! syn]gism involv$ 9 ,/rigel's "q4 ,8 blund] 01 z /at$1 t he did s 9 t]ms univ]sally reg>d$ z ,mani*ean4 ,he 0 "r :5 he ma9ta9$ t orig9al s9 is ! inh]it$ t5d5cy & motion ( ! human m9d1 w1 & he>t1 n t[>d1 b aga9/ ,god1--a direction1 too1 :i* man is utt]ly unable to *ange4 ,b he err$ fatally by id5tify+ ?is inborn evil t5d5cy ) ! sub/ance ( fall5 man & ! ess5ce ( 8 w z su*4 ,x w always be reg>d$ z a r$eem+ feature t x 0 9 antagoniz+ syn]gism & *ampion+ ! ,lu!ran sola gratia t ,flacius co9$ 8 unhappy proposition4 ,& 9 prop]ly e/imat+ 8 error1 x mu/ n be ov]look$ t he1 z w be %[n 9 ! foll[+1 employ$ ! t]ms sub/ance & accid5t n 9 _! g5]ally accept$ mean+ b 9 a s5se1 & accord+ to a philosophical t]m9ology1 ( 8 own4 #afi4 ,=mal & ,mat]ial ,sub/ance4 ,! t]ms sub/ance & accid5t are def9$ 9 ,melan*?on's ,erotemata ,dialectices z foll[s3 ,sub/antia e/ ens1 quod rev]a proprium esse habet1 nec e/ 9 alio1 ut hab5s esse a subiecto4 ,sub/ance is some?+ :i* 9 reality has a be+ ( its own & is n 9 ano!r z hav+ its be+ f ! subject4 7,c4 ,r4 #ac1 #ebh47 ,accid5s e/ quod non p] sese subsi/it1 nec e/ p>s sub/antiae1 s$ 9 alio e/ mutabilit]4 ,accid5t is some?+ :i* does n exi/ z su* nor is a "p ( ! sub/ance1 b is *angeable 9 some?+ else4 7#ebb47 ,melan*?on cont9ues3 ,accid5tium alia sunt sep>abilia ut frigus ab aqua1 notitia a m5te1 laetitia1 tri/itia a corde4 ,alia accid5tia sunt insep>abilia1 ut quantitas seu magnitudo a sub/antia corporea1 calor ab igni1 humiditas ab aqua1 non sep>antur444 ,et quia sep>abilia accid5tia magis conspicua sunt1 ideo inde sumpta e/ pu]ilis descriptio3 ,accid5s e/1 quod ade/ et abe/ praet] subiecti corruptionem4 ,:atev] is pres5t or abs5t )\t ! corruption ( ! subject is an accid5t4 7,c4 ,r4 #ac1 #ebc2 ,preg] #b1 #cif4 #djg2 ,seeb]g #d1 #did47 ,evid5tly ?is la/ def9ition1 :i* 0 employ$ also by ,/rigel1 is ambigu\s1 inasmu* z ! ^w corruption may signify an annihilation1 or m]ely a p]v]sion1 or a corruption 9 ! ord9>y mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,9 ! latt] s5se ! t]m appli$ to orig9al s9 w\ld be tantam\nt to a d5ial ( ! ,lu!ran doctr9e ( total corruption4 ,:5 ,jacob ,&reae1 9 8 disputation ) ,flacius1 #aega1 at ,/rassburg1 decl>$ t accid5t is some?+ :i* is pres5t or abs5t )\t corruption ( ! subject1 he employ$ ! t]m 9 ! s5se ( de/ruction or annihilation4 ,9 ! same ye> ,hes%usius /at$ t by orig9al s9 ! :ole nature body & s\l1 sub/ance z well z accid5ts1 are defil$1 corrupt$1 & dead1 ( c\rse1 spiritually4 ,& :at he und]/ood by sub/ance appe>s f 8 ass]tion3 ,! be+ itself1 ! sub/ance & nature itself1 9 z f> z x is nature1 is n an evil conflict+ ) ! ,law ( ,god4444 ,n ev5 9 ! devil ! sub/ance itself1 9 z f> z x is sub/ance1 is a bad ?+1 i4e41 a ?+ conflict+ ) ! ,law4 7,preg] #b1 #cig47 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord c>efully & correctly def9es3 ,ev]y?+ t is mu/ be ei!r sub/antia1 t is1 a self-exi/5t ess5ce1 or accid5s1 t is1 an accid5tal matt]1 :i* does n exi/ by itself ess5tially b is 9 ano!r self-exi/5t ess5ce & c be di/+ui%$ f x4 ,n[1 !n1 s9ce x is ! indisputable tru? t ev]y?+ t is1 is ei!r a sub/ance or an accid5s t is1 ei!r a self-exi/+ ess5ce or some?+ accid5tal 9 x 7z has j be5 %[n & prov$ by te/imonies ( ! *ur*-tea*]s1 & no truly intellig5t man has ev] _h any d\bts conc]n+ ?is71 necessity "h con/ra9s1 & no "o c evade x if ! "q be ask$ :e!r orig9al s9 is a sub/ance1 t is1 su* a ?+ z exi/s by itself1 & is n 9 ano!r1 or :e!r x is an accid5s1 t is1 su* a ?+ z does n exi/ by itself1 b is 9 ano!r1 & _c exi/ or be by itself1 he mu/ confess /raight & pat t orig9al s9 is no sub/ance1 b an accid5t4 7#hgg1 #ed2 #eg47 ,flacius1 h[ev]1 took ! words sub/ance & accid5t 9 a diff]5t s5se4 ,he di/+ui%$ betwe5 ! mat]ial & =mal sub/ance1 & ! latt] he reg>d$ z man's true orig9al ess5ce4 ,?is ess5ce he expla9$1 consi/$ 9 ! orig9al righte\sness & hol9ess ( man1 9 ! image ( ,god or ! w z truly free & 9 prop] relation t[>d ,god4 ,he said3 ,ipsum hom9em ess5tialit] sic esse =matum1 ut recta voluntas esset imago ,dei1 non tantum eius accid5s4 7,seeb]g #d1 #did47 ,he drew ! conclusion t orig9al s91 by :i* ! image ( ,god 7n ! human und]/&+ & w z su*7 is lo/1 _c be a m]e accid5t1 b con/itutes ! v ess5ce & sub/ance ( fall5 man4 ,he argu$3 ,! image ( ,god is ! =mal ess5ce ( man1 or ! s\l itself accord+ to its be/ "p1 by orig9al s9 ?is image is *ang$ into its opposite3 h5ce ! *ange wr\ght by orig9al s9 is n accid5tal1 b sub/antial1--j z sub/antial & ess5tial z :5 w9e is *ang$ into v9eg> or fire into fro/4 ,:at man has lo/1 said ,flacius1 is n inde$ 8 mat]ial sub/ance 7sub/antia mat]ialis71 b 8 true =mal sub/ance or sub/antial =m 7sub/antia =malis or =ma sub/antialis74 ,h5ce also orig9al s91 or ! corruption result+ f ! ,fall1 9 reality is1 & mu/ be designat$1 ! =mal sub/ance or sub/antial =m ( natural man4 ,n all gifts ( creation 7 lo/ to man by 8 ,fall2 ! mo/ ess5tial boon1 h[ev]1 ! image ( ,god1 0 de/roy$ & *ang$ into ! image ( ,satan4 ,9 hom9e1 said ,flacius1 et mansit aliquid1 et tam5 quod optimum 9 ratione et ess5tia fuit1 nempe imago ,dei1 non tantum evanuit1 s$ etiam 9 contr>ium1 nempe 9 imag9em diaboli1 commutatum e/4 ,! devil1 ,flacius cont9u$1 has robb$ man ( 8 orig9al =m 7=ma71 ! image ( ,god1 & /amp$ him ) 8 own diabolical =m & nature4 7,lu?>dt #bae2 ,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bec47 #agj4 ,fur!r ,explanations ( ,flacius4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,flacius di/+ui%$ betwe5 mat]ial & =mal sub/ance appe>s f ! tract on orig9al s9 7,de ,peccati ,orig9alis aut ,vet]is ,adami ,appellationibus et ,ess5tia71 :i* he app5d$ to 8 ,clavis ,scripturae ( #aefg4 ,!re we read3 ,9 ?is disputation conc]n+ ! corruption ( man ,i d n d5y t ?is mean] matt] 7illam viliorem mat]iam7 or mass ( man creat$ 9 ! beg9n+ has inde$ rema9$ until n[1 al?\gh x is exce$+ly vitiat$1 z :5 9 w9e or aromas ! spiritu\s 7airy7 or fi]y sub/ance escapes1 & no?+ rema9s b ! e>?y & wat]y sub/ance2 b ,i hold t ! sub/antial =m or ! =mal sub/ance 7=mam sub/antialem aut sub/antiam =malem7 has be5 lo/1 yea1 *ang$ into its opposite4 ,b ,i d n speak ( t ext]nal & co>se =m 7al?\gh x too1 is corrupt$ & weak5$ v mu*7 :i* a girl admires 9 a y\?1 or philosophy also 9 ! entire man1 accord+ to :i* he consi/s ( body & s\l1 has an erect /ature two feet1 h&s1 eyes1 e>s1 & ! l1 is an animal laugh+1 c\nt+1 reason+1 etc42 b ,i speak ( t mo/ noble sub/antial =m 7nobilissima sub/antialis =ma7 accord+ to :i* especially ! he>t itself or r ! rational s\l1 0 =m$ 9 su* a mann] t 8 v ess5ce might be ! image ( ,god & repres5t ,him1 & t 8 sub/antial p[]s1 intellect & w1 & 8 affections might be con=m$ to ! prop]ties ( ,god1 repres5t1 truly ackn[l$ge1 & mo/ will+ly embrace ,him4 7,preg] #b1 #cad2 ,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bed47 ,aga93 ,9 ?is mann]1 !re=e1 ,i believe & ass]t t orig9al s9 is a sub/ance1 because ! rational s\l 7z unit$ ) ,god7 & especially its noble/ sub/antial p[]s1 namely1 ! intellect & w :i* be=e _h be5 =m$ s glori\sly t !y 7 ! true image ( ,god & ! f\nta9 ( all ju/ice1 uprightness1 & piety1 & altoge!r ess5tially l unto gold & gems1 are n[1 by deceit ( ,satan1 s utt]ly p]v]t$ t !y are ! true & liv+ image ( ,satan1 &1 z x 71 fil?y or r consi/+ ( an inf]nal flame1 n o!rwise ?an :5 ! sweete/ & pure/ mass1 infect$ ) ! mo/ v5om\s f]m5t1 is altoge!r & sub/antially *ang$ & trans=m$ into a lump ( ! same f]m5t4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bed47 ,orig9al s9 is n a m]e accid5t 9 man1 b 8 inv]t$ & trans=m$ ess5ce or new =m itself1 j z :5 a mo/ :olesome m$ic9e is *ang$ into ! mo/ baneful poison4 ,! matt] rema9s1 b x receives a new =m1 namely1 ! image ( ,satan4 ,man1 :o 9 8 ess5tial =m 0 ! image ( ,god1 has 9 8 ess5tial =m become ! image ( ,satan4 ,?is *ange may be comp>$ to ! *ange :i* ! gold5 image ( a beautiful man und]goes :5 x is trans=m$ into ! image ( a dragon1 ! matt] at ! same "t be+ corrupt$4 7,preg] #b1 #bad4 #bag4 #cbe47 ,dilat+ on ! sub/antiality ( orig9al s91 ,flacius fur!rmore decl>$3 ,orig9al malice 9 man is n some?+ diff]5t f ! evil m9d or /ony he>t itself1 n some?+ t de/roys him spiritually z a disease consumes him bodily1 b x is ru9$ & de/roy$ nature itself 7s$ e/ tantum ipsa p]ditissima et iam de/ructissima natura74 ,orig9al malice 0 n1 z _m n[ ?9k infus$ f )\t into ,adam 9 su* a way z :5 poison or "s o!r bad sub/ance is ?r[n or p\r$ into good liquor1 s t by reason ( ! add$ bad sub/ance also ! re/ becomes noxi\s1 b 9 su* a way z :5 good liquor or bread itself is p]v]t$ s t n[ x is bad z su* & poison\s or r poison 7ut illud p] se iam malum ac v55atum aut potius v55um sit74 7,preg] #b1 #cac47 ,also conc]n+ ! body & s\l ( fall5 man ,flacius does n hesitate to affirm t1 s9ce !y are p]meat$ & corrupt$ by orig9al s91 ^! p>ts !mselves are s91 eas ipsas p>tes1 corpus et animam esse illud nativum malum1 quod cum ,deo pugnat4 ,"s object1 says ,flacius1 t ! creature ( ,god mu/ be di/+ui%$ f s91 :i* is n ( ,god4 ,i answ]3 n[ d sep>ate1 if y c1 ! devil f 8 inh]5t wick$ness6444 ,h[ c ! same ?+ be sep>at$ f itself6 ,we !re=e c n di/+ui% !m 9 any o!r way ?an by /at+ t ) respect to 8 fir/ creation & also 8 pres5t pres]vation man1 ev5 z ! devil himself1 is ( ,god1 b t ) respect to ?is horrible trans=mation 7ratione i/ius horr5dae metamorphoseos7 he is ( ! devil1 :o1 by ! =ce ( ! efficaci\s s5t5ce & puni%m5t ( angry ,god3 ',?\ %alt die1' n only captur$ u to be 8 vile/ slaves1 b also reca/1 rebak$1 & *ang$1 or1 s to speak1 metamorphos$ u into ano!r man1 z ! ,scripture says1 ev5 z he ! devil himself is inv]t$4 ,all p>ts1 tal5ts1 & abilities ( man1 ,flacius cont5ds1 are evil & m]e s9s1 because !y all oppose ,god4 ,:at else are !y ?an arm$ unrighte\sness6 he exclaims4 ,ev5 ! natural k ( ,god is no?+ b ! abom9able s\rce ( idolatry & ( all sup]/itions4 7,preg] #caf;f42 ,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bee47 ,t ! fundam5tal view ( ,flacius1 h[ev]1 0 mu* f>!r ap>t f ,mani*eism ?an "s ( 8 radical phrases imply1 appe>s f 8 ,gn[?i seauton1 ,de ,ess5tia ,orig9alis ,in/itutiae1 ( #aefh4 ,aft] admitt+ t ,augu/9e1 ,lu!r1 & ! ,apology ( ! ,augsburg ,confession are correct :5 !y def9e orig9al s9 z an inord9ate disposition1 a disord] 7ataxia71 p]v]sion1 & confusion ( ! p>ts ( man1 ,flacius proce$s3 ,! sub/antial =m ( a c]ta9 ?+ = ! mo/ "p1 consi/s 9 ! "r position & disposition ( ! p>ts2 z1 = example1 if a human body 7 born :i* _h its eyes1 e>s1 & m\? on ! belly or feet1 &1 vice v]sa1 ! toes on ! head1 no "o w\ld say t x 0 prop]ly a man1 b r a mon/]4 444 ,x appe>s1 !re=e1 t ! inord9ate disposition ( ! p>ts produces an altoge!r new body or ?+4 ,?us1 =soo?1 ! horrible p]turbation ( ! s\l has also produc$1 z x 7 a new k9d ( mon/] fight+ aga9/ ,god4 7,preg] #b1 #dji47 ,accord+ly1 x 0 n man's body & s\l z su*1 b ! alt]ation ( ! relation ( 8 p[]s t[>d "o ano!r & ! consequ5t corruption ( ^! p[]s1 t ,flacius _h 9 m9d :5 he designat$ orig9al s9 z ! new sub/antial =m1 or sub/ance1 ( s9ful man4 ,flacius expressly d5i$ t ! fall ( man or 8 conv]sion involv$ a physical *ange4 ,i d n tea* a physical reg5]ation1 he decl>$1 nor d ,i say t two he>ts are creat$1 b ,i say t ?is mo/ excell5t "p ( ! s\l or ( man is once m e/abli%$1 or t ! image ( ,god is reca/ & trans=m$ out ( ! image ( ,satan1 ev5 z be=e ! image ( ,god 0 trans=m$ into ! image ( ,satan4 ,physicam r5asc5tiam non ass]o nec dico duo corda cre>i1 s$ dico i/am prae/antissimam animae aut hom9is p>tem d5uo condi aut ex imag9e ,satanae refundi aut trans=m>i imag9em ,dei1 sicut antea imago ,dei fuit trans=mata 9 imag9em ,satanae4 7,seeb]g #d1 #die47 ,giesel] p]t95tly rem>ks3 ,x is app>5t t ,flacius did n deviate f ! common concept ( orig9al s91 b f ! concepts ( sub/ance & accid5t1 b t "h1 too1 he 0 unc]ta91 inasmu* z he employ$ ! t]ms sub/antia1 =ma sub/antialis1 & sub/antia =malis promiscu\sly4 7#c1 #b1 #bee47 ,if n necess>ily involv$ 91 x 0 at lea/ 9 keep+ ) 8 extreme position & extravagant phraseology conc]n+ orig9al s9 :5 ,flacius1 9 8 ,de ,primo et ,secundo ,capite ad ,romanos1 quat5us ,lib]o ,arbitrio ,patroc9>i ,vid5tur1 reject$ ! doctr9e ( an inborn idea ( ,god & ( ,8 ,law inscrib$ 9 ! he>t ( natural man4 ,on ,rom4 #a1 #ai he comm5ts3 ,x is only f ! effects 9 ! _w t man inf]s ! exi/5ce ( a supreme cause4 ,& ) respect to ,rom4 #b1 #ae he ma9ta9s t ,paul's /atem5ts 7 to be und]/ood1 n ( a law writt5 9 ! he>t ( man1 b ( a k :i* ! hea!n _h d]iv$ by inf]5ce1 f exp]i5ce1 or f tradition ( ! fa!rs4 ,on ?is po9t ,/rigel1 no d\bt 0 correct :5 he object$3 ,if ! k ( ,god's exi/5ce 7 really ext+ui%$ f ! he>t1 !re c\ld be no discipl9e among m52 & if man _h no inborn k ( ! ,law1 !n !re c\ld be no su* ?+ z consci5ce :i* condemns him :5 he s9s4 ,! fact t man fe>s puni%m5ts ev5 :5 !re is no gov]nm5t to fe>1 z 0 ! case ) ,alex&] :5 he _h murd]$ ,clitus1 proves t 9 ! he>t !re is a c]ta9 k bo? ( ,god & ( ,8 ,law4 7,preg] #b1 #bac47 ,h[ev]1 ,flacius did n1 z ,/rigel seems to ins9uate1 d5y t natural man has an obscure k ( ,god's exi/5ce & ,law1 b m]ely ma9ta9$ t ?is k 0 n inborn or inh]it$1 b acquir$ f )\t4 #aga4 ,controv]sy ,precipitat$ by ,flacius4 ,?\gh ,flacius1 :5 he fir/ made 8 /atem5t conc]n+ ! sub/antiality ( orig9al s9 may n h felt absolutely sure ( ! exact mean+1 be>+1 & correctness ( 8 position1 yet ! facts d n w>rant ! assumption t aft]w>ds he 0 9 any way diffid5t or wav]+ 9 8 attitude4 ,:atev] 8 views on ?is subject may h be5 be=e #aefj--;aft] ! fatal phrase _h fall5 f 8 lips1 he nev] fl9*$ nor flagg$ 9 zeal\sly def5d+ x4 ,nor 0 he ev] dispos$ to compromise ! matt] z f> z ! sub/ance ( 8 doctr9e 0 conc]n$4 ,9 #aegj ,spang5b]g ( ,mansfeld1 :o sid$ ) ,flacius1 sugge/$ t he reta9 8 mean+1 b *ange 8 language3 ,t5eat ,illyricus m5tem1 mutet l+uam4 ,to ?is ,flacius cons5t$4 ,on ,septemb] #bh #aegj1 he publi%$ 8 ,brief ,confession1 9 :i* he agre$ to ab/a9 f ! use ( ! t]m sub/ance4 ,h[ev]1 :at he sugge/$ z a sub/itute1 viz41 t orig9al s9 be def9$ z ! nature ( man 7! ^w nature1 z he p>ticul>ly emphasiz$1 to be tak5 n 9 a figurative1 b 9 its prop] mean+71 0 9 reality b ano!r way ( repeat+ 8 error4 ,! same 0 ! case 9 #aegb1 :5 ,flacius1 oppos$ & sorely press$ by ! m9i/]ium ( ,/rassburg 7:5ce he 0 bani%$ ! foll[+ ye>71 (f]$ to sub/itute = ! ^w sub/ance ! phrase ess5tial p[]s4 7,preg] #b1 #cga47 ,two ye>s lat]1 at ! public disputation 9 ,lang5au1 ,silesia1 :]e ,flacius def5d$ 8 doctr9e ) favorable results = himself aga9/ ,jacob ,col] born #aecg2 /udi$ 9 ,frank=t-on-!-,od]1 #aefd pa/or 9 ,lauban1 ,upp] ,lausatia 7,ob]lausitz72 #aegc 9 ,neukir*2 #aegd he oppos$ ,leon>d ,cr5tzheim & ,flacius2 #aege pr(essor 9 ,frank=t2 aft]w>ds active fir/ z ,praepositus 9 ,b]l9 & lat] on z ,sup]9t5d5t 9 ,meckl5burg1 publi%$ ,disputatio ,de ,lib]o ,arbitrio2 di$ ,m>* #g1 #afab1 he decl>$ t he did n insi/ on 8 phrase z long z ! doctr9e itself 0 adopt$ & orig9al s9 0 n decl>$ to be a m]e accid5t4 ,b ?is1 too1 0 no real retraction ( 8 error4 7,preg] #b1 #chg47 ,9 a simil> way ,flacius repeat$ly decl>$ himself will+ to ab/a9 f ! use ( ! ^w sub/ance 9 connection ) 8 doctr9e conc]n+ orig9al s91 b ) conditions & limitations :i* made 8 concessions illusory1 & nei!r did nor c\ld satisfy 8 oppon5ts4 ,at ! disputation 9 ,weim>1 #aefj1 ,wig& & ,musaeus1 z /at$1 w>n$ ,flacius imm$iately aft] ! session 9 :i* he _h made 8 /atem5t4 ,s*luesselburg relates3 ,imm$iately dur+ ! disputation1 z ,i frequ5tly he>d f _! own lips1 ,dr4 ,wig&1 ,dr4 ,simon ,musaeus1 & o!r colleagues ( 8 :o att5d$ ! disputation 444 admoni%$ ,illyricus 9 a bro!rly & fai?ful mann] to ab/a9 f ?is new1 p]il\s & blasphem\s proposition ( ! anci5t ,mani*eans1 :i* w\ld cause great turmoil 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 & to refute ! error ( ,victor9 ,/rigel conc]n+ free w n by means ( a false proposition1 b ) ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,h[ev]1 intoxicat$ ) ambition1 & rely+1 9 ! heat ( ! conflict1 too mu* on ! acum5 & sagacity ( 8 own m9d1 ,illyricus haughtily spurn$ ! bro!rly & fai?ful admonitions ( all 8 colleagues4 7,catalogus #b1 #d47 ,9 8 book ,de ,mani*aeismo ,r5ovato ,wig& himself reports3 ,illyricus answ]$ to ! admonition ( 8 colleagues to ab/a9 f ! ,mani*ean phrase t he _h be5 drawn into ?is discussion by 8 oppon5t aga9/ 8 own w4 ,b :at happ5$8 ,contr>y to ! expectations ( 8 colleagues1 ,illyricus 9 ! foll[+ session cont9u$1 z he _h begun1 to def5d ?is insanity4 7,preg] #b1 #cbd2 ,planck #d1 #faa47 ,h[ev]1 x does n appe> t aft] ! disputation 8 fri5ds press$ ! matt] any fur!r1 or t !y made any ef=ts publicly to disav[ ! ,flacian proposition4 ,9 #aefg ,flacius publi%$ 8 tract ,de ,peccati ,orig9alis aut ,vet]is ,adami ,appellationibus et ,ess5tia1 ,on ! ,appellations & ,ess5ce ( ,orig9al ,s9 or ! ,old ,adam1 app5d+ x to 8 fam\s ,clavis ,scripturae ( ! same ye>4 ,he _h writt5 ?is tract probably ev5 be=e #aefd4 ,9 #aeff he s5t x to ,simon ,musaeus1 reque/+ 8 op9ion & ! op9ion ( ,hes%usius1 :o at t "t 0 celebrat+ 8 m>riage ) ! daught] ( ,musaeus4 ,9 8 answ]1 ,musaeus approv$ ! tract1 b desir$ t ! t]m sub/ance be expla9$ z mean+ n ! matt]1 b ! =m ( ! sub/ance to :i* ,hes%usius also agre$4 ,aft] ! tract _h appe>$1 ,musaeus aga9 wrote to ,flacius1 ,june #ba1 #aefh1 say+ t he agre$ ) 8 pres5tation ( orig9al s94 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 he express$ ! fe> t ! bold /atem5t :i* ,flacius _h reta9$1 ,s9 is sub/ance1 w\ld be dang]\sly mis9t]pret$4 7,preg] #b1 #cbg47 ,& be=e long a /orm 0 brew+1 9 :i* animosity regi/]$ its highe/ po9t1 & a v]itable flood ( controv]sial lit]ature 7"o publication foll[+ ! o!r 9 rapid succession7 0 p\r$ out ^u ! ,*ur*1 :i* 0 already di/ract$ & divid$ by num]\s & s]i\s !ological conflicts4 ,by ! publication ( ?is treatise ,flacius1 :o be=e long also 0 h>ass$ & o/raciz$ ev]y:]e1 _h himself made a public controv]sy unavoidable4 ,9 ! conflict :i* x precipitat$1 he 0 oppos$ by all p>ties1 n only by 8 old enemies1 ! ,philippi/s1 b also by 8 =m] fri5ds4 ,accord+ to ! maxim3 ,amicus ,plato1 amicus ,socrates1 s$ magis amica v]itas1 !y n[ felt con/ra9$1 9 ! int]e/ ( tru?1 to turn _! weapons aga9/ _! =m] comrade & lead]4 ,flacius himself _h made x impossible = 8 fri5ds to sp>e him any long]4 ,nor did he deceive himself z to ! real situation4 ,9 a lett] writt5 to ,wig& he reveals 8 fe> t ! ,lu!rans & ,philippi/s1 !n assembl$ at ! ,colloquium 9 ,alt5burg 7held f ,octob] #ba1 #aefh1 to ,m>*1 #aefi1 betwe5 ! !ologians ( ,?ur+ia & ^? ( ,electoral ,saxony71 w\ld unite 9 a public decl>ation aga9/ 8 tea*+4 ,wig& ^: w>n+ ,flacius _h disreg>d$ at ,weim>1 wrote to ,gallus3 ,flacius has =feit$ ! "r to reque/ t no?+ be publi%$ aga9/ him1 because he himself has already spread 8 views 9 pr9t4 ,& be=e long ,wig& began to d5\nce publicly ! ,flacian doctr9e z new & prolific mon/]s1 mon/ra nova et fecunda4 #agb4 ,publications ,pro & ,con4 ,accord+ to ,preg] ! fir/ decid$ opposition to ! ,flacian tea*+ came f ,mo]l9 & ,*emnitz1 9 ,brunswick1 to :om ,flacius _h also submitt$ 8 tract = approval4 ,*emnitz clos$ 8 criticism by say+3 ,x is en\gh if we are able to reta9 :at ,lu!r has won 7p>ta tu]i71 let u ab&on all desires to g beyond 7ult]ius qua]]e7 & to improve ^u him4 7,preg] #b1 #cbh47 ,mo]l9 *>act]iz$ ,flacius z a va9 man1 & dang]\s 9 _m respects4 ,flacius answ]$ 9 an objective mann]1 betray+ no irritation :atev]4 7#ccb47 ,9 a lett] ( ,augu/ #aj1 #aefh1 ,hes%usius1 :o n[ _h read ! tract m c>efully *>g$ ,flacius ) tea*+ t ,satan 0 a creator ( sub/ance1 & be=e long refus$ to treat ) him any fur!r4 ,9 ,septemb] ( ! same ye> ,flacius publi%$ 8 ,gno?i seauton aga9/ ! attacks ( ! ,syn]gi/s & ,philippi/s1 notably ,*ri/oph] ,lasius :o /udi$ at ,/rassburg & ,witt5b]g1 0 active 9 ,go]litz1 ,greuss51 ,sp&au1 ,kue/r91 ,cottbus1 & ,s5ft5b]g1 wrote ,praelibationes ,dogmatis ,flaciani de ,prodigiosa ,hom9is ,conv]sione2 di$ #aegb4 ,9 ! same ye> ,hes%usius prep>$ 8 ,analysis1 :i* 0 approv$ by ,gallus & ! ,j5a !ologians4 ,realiz+ t all 8 =m] fri5ds _h brok5 ) him entirely1 ,flacius1 9 ,janu>y #aegj1 publi%$ 8 ,demon/rations ,conc]n+ ! ,ess5ce ( ! ,image ( ,god & ! ,devil1 9 :i* he attack$ 8 oppon5ts1 b )\t m5tion+ _! names4 ,8 reque/ = a private discussion 0 bluntly reject$ by ! ,j5a !ologians4 ,wig&1 9 8 ,propositions on ,s9 ( ,may #e1 #aegj1 0 ! fir/ publicly to attack ,flacius by "n4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,mo]l9's ,!mata de ,imag9e ,dei & ,*emnitz's ,resolutio appe>$4 ,! =m] 0 direct$ aga9/ ! impi\s & absurd proposition t s9 is a sub/ance1 ! latt]1 aga9/ ! ass]tion t orig9al s9 is ! v sub/ance ( man1 & t ! s\l ( man itself is orig9al s94 ,hes%usius also publi%$ 8 ,lett] to ,m4 ,flacius ,illyricus 9 ! ,controv]sy :e!r ,orig9al ,s9 is a ,sub/ance4 ,flacius answ]$ 9 8 ,def5se ( ! ,s\nd ,doctr9e ,conc]n+ ,orig9al ,righte\sness & ,unrighte\sness1 or ,s91 ( ,septemb] #a1 #aegj4 ,hes%usius publi%$ 8 ,analysis1 9 :i* he repeat$ ! *>ge t ,flacius made ! devil a creator ( sub/ance4 ,9 8 ,brief ,confession1 ( ,septemb] #bh #aegj1 ,flacius n[ (f]$ to ab/a9 f ! use ( ! t]m sub/ance 9 ! mann] indicat$ above4 ,a colloquium1 h[ev]1 reque/$ by ,flacius & 8 fri5ds on ! basis ( ?is ,confession1 0 decl9$ by ! !ologians ( ,j5a4 ,moreov]1 9 answ] to ! ,brief ,confession1 ,hes%usius publi%$ 7,april #ba1 #aega7 8 ,true ,c\nt]-,report1 9 :i* he aga9 repeat$ 8 accusation t ,flacius made ! devil a creator ( sub/ance4 ,he summ>iz$ 8 argum5ts z foll[s3 ,i h !re=e prov$ f "o book ,flacius's tract ( #aefg m ?an six times t ,illyricus says3 ,satan condidit1 fabricavit1 trans=mavit vet]em hom9em1 ,satan e/ figulus1 t is3 ,! devil creat$ & made man1 ! devil is man's pott]4 ,! idea ( a creation out ( no?+1 h[ev]1 0 n taught 9 ! /atem5ts to :i* ,hes%usius ref]r$4 7,preg] #b1 #cdh47 ,fur!r publications by ,&rew ,s*oppe di$ aft] #afae1 ,wig&1 ,mo]l91 ,hes%usius1 & ,*emnitz1 :i* de/roy$ all hopes ( a peaceful settlem5t1 caus$ ,flacius to write 8 ,or?odox ,confession ,conc]n+ ,orig9al ,s94 ,9 ?is compreh5sive answ]1 :i* appe>$ ,augu/ #a1 #aega1 he decl>es t ei!r image1 ! image ( ,god z well z ( ,satan1 is an ess5ce1 & t ! opposite op9ion dim9i%es ! m]it ( ,*ri/4 ,at ! same "t he compla9$ t 8 /atem5ts 7 g>bl$ & mis9t]pret$ by 8 oppon5ts1 t 8 0 ! position ( ! man :o ask$ conc]n+ g>lic & receiv$ an answ] conc]n+ onions1 t 8 oppon5ts 7 b disput+ ) imag9ations ( _! own4 7#cdi;f47 ,9 ! same ye>1 #aega1 ,wig& publi%$ a volum9\s book1 ,on ,orig9al ,s91 9 :i* he *>g$ ,flacius ) tea*+ t orig9al s9 is ! entire c>nal sub/ance ( man accord+ to bo? 8 body & s\l4 ,9 8 description ( ! ,flacian doctr9e we read3 ,orig9al s9 is a sub/ance1 z !y tea*4 ,accord+ly1 orig9al s9 is an animal1 & t1 too1 an intellig5t animal4 ,y mu/ also add e>s1 eyes1 m\?1 nose1 arms1 belly1 & feet4 ,orig9al s9 laughs1 talks1 sews1 s[s1 works1 reads1 writes1 prea*es1 baptizes1 adm9i/]s ! ,"l's ,supp]1 etc4 ,= x is ! sub/ance ( man t does su* ?+s4 ,behold1 :]e su* m5 end6 ,flacius repli$ 9 8 ,*ri/ian & ,reliable ,answ] to ,all mann] ( ,sophi/ries ( ! ,pelagian ,accid5t1 #aegb1 prote/+ t ! doctr9e ascrib$ to him 0 a misrepres5tation ( 8 tea*+4 ,9 ! same ye> ,wig& publi%$ ,reasons ,:y ,?is ,proposition1 9 ,controv]sy ) ! ,mani*eans3 ,orig9al ,s9 ,is ! ,corrupt ,nature1 ,_c ,/&4 ,"h ,wig& truly says3 ,evil ( ! sub/ance & evil sub/ance are n id5tical4 ,malum sub/antiae et mala sub/antia non sunt idem4 7,preg] #b1 #cec4 #daj47 ,9 sev]al publications ( ! same ye> ,hes%usius ass]t$ 7quot+ te/imonies to ?is effect f ,augu/9e71 t ! ,flacian doctr9e 0 id5tical ) ! t5ets ( ! ,mani*eans1 9 sub/ance z well z t]ms4 ,flacius answ]$ 9 ,de ,augu/9i et ,mani*aeorum ,s5t5tia1 9 ,controv]sia ,peccati1 #aegb1 9 :i* he decl>$3 ,i mo/ solemnly condemn ! ,mani*ean insanity conc]n+ two creators4 ,i h always d5i$ t orig9al s9 is some?+1 or has ev] be5 some?+ outside ( man2 ,i h nev] ascrib$ to ?is s9 any mat]iality ( its own4 7#cee47 ,?is book 0 foll[$ by ano!r attack by ,hes%usius & an answ]1 9 turn1 by ,flacius4 ,9 ! same ye> ,hes%usius1 9 ord] to prev5t fur!r accessions to ,flacianism1 publi%$ 8 ,antidote 7,antidoton7 aga9/ ! ,impi\s & ,blasphem\s ,dogma ( ,mat?ias ,flacius ,illyricus by :i* ,he ,ass]ts t ,orig9al ,s9 ,is ,sub/ance4 ,9 ?is book1 :i* 0 republi%$ 9 #aegf & aga9 9 #aegi1 ,hes%usius correctly argu$3 ,if orig9al s9 is ! sub/ance ( ! s\l1 !n we are compell$ to ass]t "o ( two ?+s1 viz41 ei!r t ,satan is ! creator ( sub/ances or t ,god is ! creator & pres]v] ( s94 ,si sub/antia animae e/ peccatum orig9is1 alt]um a duobus necesse e/ poni1 videlicet1 aut ,satanam esse conditorem sub/anti>um1 aut ,deum esse peccati creatorem et su/5tatorem4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bef47 ,at ?is late h\r1 #aegb1 ,simon ,musaeus1 too1 ent]$ ! ar5a ) 8 ,op9ion ,conc]n+ ,orig9al ,s91 ,s5t5tia de ,peccato ,orig9ali4 ,9 x he taught t orig9al s9 is n a sub/ance1 b ! utmo/ corruption ( x1 9 matt] z well z =m1 & t !re=e ,pelagianism no less ?an ,mani*eism is to be exclud$ & condemn$4 ,:5 ! m9i/]ium ( ,/rassburg turn$ aga9/ ,flacius1 he aga9 publi%$ sev]al books def5d+ 8 position on ! controv]t$ que/ions1 :i* result$ 9 8 expulsion f ! city4 ,9 #aegc ,flacius publi%$ an answ] to ,hes%usius's ,antidote entitl$1 ,solid ,refutation ( ! ,gr\ndless ,sophi/ries1 ,calumnies1 & ,figm5ts1 z also ( ! ,mo/ ,corrupt ,errors ( ! ,antidote & ( ,o!r ,neopelagian ,writ]s4 ,flacius *>g$ ,hes%usius ) misrepres5tation1 & dem&$ t he swe> :e!r he really believ$ to h f\nd ! alleg$ errors 9 8 writ+s4 7,preg] #b1 #cfd;ff47 ,till 8 dea?1 on ,m>* #aa1 #aege1 at ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 ,flacius consi/5tly adh]$ to 8 false t]m9ology z well z tea*+1 app>5tly nev] = a mom5t d\bt+ t he 0 b def5d+ ,lu!r's doctr9e4 ,"o ( 8 la/ books 0 entitl$1 ,"s ,cle> & ,spl5did ,te/imonies ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r ,conc]n+ ! ,evil ,ess5ce1 ,image1 ,=m1 or ,%ape 7,wes51 ess5tia1 ,bild1 ,=m od] ,ge/alt7 ( ! ,e>?ly ,dead ,adam & ,conc]n+ ! ,ess5tial ,trans=mation ( ,man4 7#chi47 ,z /at$ above1 ! mi/ake ( ,flacius 0 t he took lit]ally t]ms d5ot+ sub/ance :i* ! ,bible & ,lu!r employ 9 a figurative s5se4 #agc4 ,adh]5ts ( ,flacius4 ,! *ief support]s ( ,flacius 7 ! ,mansfeldians1 ,c\nt ,vollra? & ,cyriacus ,spang5b]g born #aebh2 /udi$ 9 ,witt5b]g2 s]v$ 9 ,eisleb51 !n 9 ,mansfeld2 di$ 9 ,/rassburg ,febru>y #aj1 #afjd4 ,9 ! s]i\s diss5sions :i* arose 9 ,mansfeld 9 consequ5ce ( ! controv]sy on orig9al s91 ! ,c\nt & ,spang5b]g 7 oppos$ by ! ,j5a !ologians & ,sup]9t5d5t ,m5zel ,j]ome ,m5zel1 born #aeag2 /udi$ 9 ,witt5b]g2 wrote aga9/ ,spang5b]g2 di$ #aeij4 ,z /at$ above1 x 0 ,spang5b]g :o endeavor$ to br+ ab\t an und]/&+ betwe5 ! cont5d+ p>ties on ! pr9ciple3 ,t5eat ,illyricus m5tem1 mutet l+uam4 ,a colloquy 0 held #aegb at ,ca/le ,mansfeld1 9 :i* ,flacius & 8 adh]5ts 7 pitt$ aga9/ ,m5zel1 ,rhode1 ,fabricius1 & o!rs4 ,:5 ,fabricius decl>$ 9 ! discussions3 ,only 9 s f> z our nature is n 9 con=mity ) ! ,law ( ,god is x corrupt1 ,flacius exclaim$3 ,non quantum1 n 9 z f>2 b ,i say x is n 9 con=mity because x is corrupt1 quia corrupta e/4 7,preg] #b1 #cge47 ,c\nt ,vollra? & 8 advis]1 ,casp> ,pflug gave ,flacius a writt5 te/imony t at ! colloquy he _h n be5 conv9c$1 b f\nd to be correct 9 ! controv]sy on orig9al s94 ,! publication ( ?is te/imony by ,flacius z also ( ! m9utes ( ! ,colloquy by ,c\nt ,vollra?1 9 #aegc1 result$ 9 a numb] ( fur!r publications by ,flacius & 8 fri5ds z well z 8 oppon5ts4 ,at ,mansfeld ! animosity aga9/ ! ,flacians did n subside ev5 aft] ! dea? ( ,flacius 9 #aege4 ,!y 7 puni%$ ) excommunication1 inc>c]ation1 & ! refusal ( a ,*ri/ian burial4 ,c\nt ,vollra? left #aegg1 & di$ at ,/rassburg #aegh4 ,spang5b]g1 :o also _h secretly fl$ f ,mansfeld1 def5d$ ! doctr9e ( ,flacius 9 a tract1 ,de ,peccato ,orig9ali1 ,conc]n+ ,orig9al ,s91 :i* he publi%$ #aehf "u a pseudonym4 ,he di$ )\t retract+ or *ang+ 8 views4 ,ano!r adh]5t ( ,flacius 0 ,f4 ,coele/9us1 pr(essor at ,j5a4 ,aft] 8 susp5sion he left ! city & p>ticipat$ 9 ! controv]sy4 ,he publi%$ ,colloquium int] ,se et ,tilem4 ,hes%usium4 ,he di$ #aegb4 ,9 ,augu/1 #aega1 ,c\rt-prea*] ,*ri/oph] ,ir5aeus & ,pa/ors ,gu5!r & ,re9eck] 7 dismiss$ 9 ,weim> because ( ,flacianism4 ,ir5aeus publi%$ ,exam5 ,libri ,concordiae & _m o!r books1 9 :i* he cont5ds t orig9al s9 is a sub/ance4 ,pa/ors ,wolf 9 ,kahla1 ,s*neid] 9 ,alt5dorf1 & ,franke 9 ,ob]rosla 7 dismiss$ 9 #aegb = ! same reason4 ,!y1 too1 ent]$ ! public ar5a 9 favor ( ,flacius4 ,at ,l9dau f\r prea*]s1 :o _h id5tifi$ !mselves ) ,flacius1 7 also depos$4 ,"o ( !m1 ,tobias ,rupp1 held a public disputation ) ,&reae4 ,9 ,antw]p ! eld]s =bade _! m9i/]s to indulge 9 any public polemics aga9/ ,flacius4 ,among ! support]s ( ,flacius 7 also 8 son1 ,mat?ias ,flacius1 & ,casp> ,heldel94 ,x may be not$ "h t ,salig] 7,beatus7 & ,fr$el&1 :o 7 depos$ at ,luebeck 9 #aefh also taught t orig9al s9 is ! v sub/ance ( ! body & s\l ( man1 & t ,*ri/ _h assum$ ! fle% ( ano!r species ?an ours4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #beg47 ,9 ,reg5sburg f\r adh]5ts ( ,flacius 7 dismiss$ 9 #aegd1 among !m ,jo%ua ,opitz born #aedc2 di$ #aehe4 ,^! & o!rs emigrat$ to ! ,ar*du*y ( ,au/ria1 :]e ! ,lu!rans 7 num]\s & influ5tial1 ,opitz frequ5tly prea*+ to an audi5ce ( #g1jjj4 ,no less ?an #dj ( ! ,lu!ran m9i/]s ( ,au/ria are said to h %>$ ! views ( ,flacius4 7,preg] #b1 #cic47 ,only a few ( !m reveal$ symptoms ( fanaticism1 :i* result$ 9 _! dismissal4 ,among ! latt] 0 ,joa*im ,magdeburgius1 !n an exile at ,eff]d+4 ,he taught t ! bodies ( believ+ ,*ri/ians aft] _! dea? 7 /ill ess5tial orig9al s91 & t ,god's wra? rema9$ ov] !m till ! ,day ( ,judgm5t4 7,joe*]1 ,lexicon #c1 #cb47 ,at ! same "t he br&$ z errori/s ,spang5b]g1 ,opitz1 & ,ir5aeus1 :o decl>$ _! diss5t4 ,9 #aeha ! ,flacians 9 ,au/ria issu$ a decl>ation aga9/ ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 *>g+ its tea*+ to be inconsi/5t ) ,lu!r's doctr9e on orig9al s94 ,z late z #afjd !re 7 num]\s ,flaciani/s 9 ,g]man ,au/ria4 #agd4 ,decision ( ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,seeb]g rem>ks3 ,flacius 0 n a h]etic1 b 9 ! wrangle ( 8 day he 0 br&$ z su*1 & ?is has be5 frequ5tly repeat$4 7#d1 #b1 #die47 ,a simil> v]dict is pass$ by ,giesel] & o!r hi/orians4 ,b :atev] may be said 9 ext5uation ( 8 error1 x _c be disput$ t ! un=tunate phrases ( ,flacius produc$1 & 7 b\nd to produce1 mo/ s]i\s religi\s (f5se1 z well z !ological /rife1 & hopeless doctr9al confusion4 ,ev5 :5 view$ 9 ! light ( 8 di/9ction betwe5 =mal sub/ance 7man z end[$ ) ! image ( ,god7 & mat]ial sub/ance 7man z possess$ ( body & s\l1 toge!r ) w & intellect71 ! odi\sness ( 8 t]m9ology is n entirely remov$4 ,x 0 & rema9$ a =m ( doctr9e & trope or mode ( tea*+ :i* ! ,lu!rans 7 no m m9d$ to tol]ate ?an ! error ( ,/rigel4 ,accord+ly1 ! fir/ article ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord rejects bo? ! syn]gi/ic z well z ! ,mani*ean ab]rations 9 ! doctr9e ( orig9al s94 ,9 its ,?or\gh ,decl>ation we read3 ,n[ ?is doctr9e ( orig9al s9 mu/ be s ma9ta9$ & gu>d$ t x may n deflect ei!r to ! ,pelagian or ! ,mani*ean side4 ,= ?is reason ! contr>y doctr9e 444 %\ld also be briefly /at$4 7#hfe1 #af47 ,accord+ly1 9 a s]ies ( argum5ts1 ! ,flacian error is ?or\ghly refut$ & decid$ly reject$4 ,at ! same "t ! ,=mula ( ,concord po9ts out ! (f5siv5ess ( ! ,flacian phraseology4 ,x ref]s to ! controv]sy reg>d+ ?is "q z sc&al\s & v mis*iev\s1 & decl>es3 ,!re=e x is un*ri/ian & horrible to he> t orig9al s9 is baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 sanctifi$1 & sav$1 & o!r simil> expressions f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ! rec5t ,mani*eans1 ) :i* we w n (f5d simple-m9d$ p4 7#hgc1 #de4 #ei47 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord is j z det]m9$ 9 oppos+ e ef=t at ext5uat+ ! corruption wr\ght by orig9al s94 ,x is solicit\s to expla9 t 9 designat+ orig9al s9 z an accid5t1 its corruption is n m9imiz$ 9 ! lea/1 if ! answ] conc]n+ ! nature ( ?is accid5t is n d]iv$ f philosophy or human reason1 b f ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,= ! ,scriptures1 says ! ,=mula1 te/ify t orig9al s9 is an unspeakable evil & su* an entire corruption ( human nature t 9 x & all its int]nal & ext]nal p[]s no?+ pure or good rema9s1 b ev]y?+ is entirely corrupt1 s t on acc\nt ( orig9al s9 man 9 ,god's sight is truly spiritually dead 7plane sit emortuus71 ) all 8 p[]s dead to t :i* is good4 7#hgi1 #fj47 ,accord+ly1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord rejects ! errors ( ,/rigel & ! ,semi-,pelagians1 t orig9al s9 is only ext]nal1 a slight1 insignificant spot spr9kl$1 or a /a9 da%$1 ^u ! nature ( man 444 along ) & b5ea? :i* ! nature nev]!less possesses & reta9s its integrity & p[] ev5 9 spiritual ?+s4 ,or t orig9al s9 is n a despoliation or defici5cy1 b only an ext]nal imp$im5t to ^! spiritual good p[]s4444 ,!y are rebuk$ & reject$ likewise :o tea* t ! nature has inde$ be5 greatly weak5$ & corrupt$ ?r\gh ! ,fall1 b t nev]!less x has n entirely lo/ all good ) respect to div9e1 spiritual ?+s1 & t :at is sung 9 our *ur*es1 ',?r\gh ,adam's fall is all corrupt1 nature & ess5ce human1' is n true1 b f natural bir? x /ill has some?+ good1 small1 little1 & inconsid]able ?\gh x be1 namely1 capacity1 skill1 aptness1 or ability to beg91 to effect1 or to help effect some?+ 9 spiritual ?+s4 7#hfe1 #ba;ff47 ,:ile ! ,=mula ( ,concord does n d5y ! capacity ( fall5 man = salvation1 x is c>eful 9 def9+ t ?is is n an active1 b a passive capacity4 ,t is to say3 ,man is utt]ly incapable ( qualify+ himself =1 or ( contribut+ 9 ! lea/ t[>d1 8 own spiritual re/oration2 b :at is impossible = man is n impossible ) ,god :o1 inde$1 is able to conv]t man1 end[ him ) new spiritual p[]s1 & lead him to et]nal salvation1--a goal = ! atta9m5t ( :i*1 9 contradi/9ction f inanimate & o!r creatures1 man1 be+ a rational creature1 end[$ ) intellect & w1 0 creat$ by ,god & r$eem$ by ,*ri/4 ,9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord we read3 ,& al?\gh ,god1 accord+ to ,8 j1 /rict s5t5ce1 has utt]ly ca/ away ! fall5 evil spirits =ev]1 ,he has nev]!less1 out ( special1 pure m]cy1 will$ t poor fall5 human nature might aga9 become & be capable & p>ticipant ( conv]sion1 ! grace ( ,god1 & et]nal life2 n f its own natural1 active or effective skill1 aptness1 or capacity 7= ! nature ( man is ob/9ate enmity aga9/ ,god71 b f pure grace1 ?r\gh ! graci\s efficaci\s work+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,& ?is ,dr4 ,lu!r calls capacitatem 7non activam1 s$ passivam71 :i* he expla9s ?us3 ,qu&o patres lib]um arbitrium def5dunt1 capacitatem lib]tatis eius pra$icant1 quod scilicet v]ti pote/ ad bonum p] gratiam ,dei et fi]i rev]a lib]um1 ad quod creatum e/4 ,t is3 ,:5 ! ,fa!rs def5d ! free w1 !y are speak+ ( ?is1 t x is capable ( fre$om 9 ?is s5se1 t by ,god's grace x c be conv]t$ to good1 & become truly free1 = :i* x 0 creat$ 9 ! beg9n+4 7#hhi1 #bj47 ,?is accords ) ,lu!r's words 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio3 ,x w\ld be correct if we %\ld designate z ! p[] ( free w t p[] by :i* man1 :o is creat$ = life or et]nal dea?1 is apt to be mov$ by ! ,_s & imbu$ ) ! grace ( ,god4 ,= we1 too1 confess ?is p[]1 i4e41 aptitude or1 z ! ,sophi/s ,s*ola/ic !ologians say1 disposition & passive aptitude4 ,& :o does n "k t trees & animals are n end[$ ) x8 ,=1 z ! say+ goes1 heav5 is n creat$ = geese4 ,hanc enim vim1 hoc e/1 aptitud9em1 seu1 ut ,sophi/ae loquuntur1 dispositivam qualitatem et passivam aptitud9em1 et nos confitemur2 quam non arboribus neque be/iis inditam esse1 quis e/1 qui nesciat8 ,neque enim pro ans]ibus1 ut dicitur1 coelum creavit4 7,e4 v4 a4 #aeh3 ,/4 ,l4 #ah4 #agbj47 ,,xvi4 ,! ,osi&rian & ,/anc>ian ,controv]sies4 #age4 ,osi&] 9 ,nu]nb]g & 9 ,ko5igsb]g4 ,9 ! writ+s ( ,lu!r we (t5 f9d passages =ebod+ a future corruption ( ! doctr9e ( ju/ification1 conc]n+ :i* he decl>$ 9 ! ,smalcald ,articles3 ,( ?is article no?+ c be yield$ or surr5d]$1 ev5 ?\gh heav5 & e>?1 & :atev] w n abide1 %\ld s9k to ru94444 ,& ^u ?is article all ?+s dep5d :i* we tea* & practise 9 opposition to ! ,pope1 ! devil1 & ! _w4 ,!re=e we mu/ be sure conc]n+ ?is doctr9e1 & n d\bt1 = o!rwise all is lo/1 & ! ,pope & devil & all ?+s ga9 ! victory & suit ov] u4 7#dfa1 #e47 ,m>t9 ,*emnitz rem>ks3 ,i frequ5tly %udd]1 because ,lu!r--,i d n "k by :at k9d ( pres5tim5t--9 8 comm5t>ies on ! ,lett] to ! ,galatians & on ! ,fir/ ,book ( ,moses s (t5 repeats ! /atem5t3 ',?is doctr9e ( ju/ification w be obscur$ aga9 aft] my dea?4' 7,wal!r1 ,k]n und ,/]n1 #bf47 ,&rew ,osi&] 0 ! fir/ to fulfil ,lu!r's prophecy4 ,9 #aedi he began publicly to prop\nd a doctr9e 9 :i* he ab&on$ ! =5sic conception ( ju/ification by imputation ( ! m]its ( ,*ri/1 & return$ to ! ,roman view ( ju/ification by infusion i4e41 by infusion ( ! et]nal ess5tial righte\sness ( ! div9e nature ( ,*ri/4 ,accord+ to 8 own /atem5t1 he _h h>bor$ ^! views ev] s9ce ab\t #aebb4 ,he is said also to h pres5t$ !m 9 a s]mon deliv]$ at ! conv5tion 9 ,smalcald1 #aecg4 7,planck #d1 #beg47 ,yet he made no special ef=t to develop & publicly to dissem9ate 8 ideas dur+ ! life ( ,lu!r4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ! ,re=m]1 h[ev]1 ,osi&] is report$ to h said3 ,n[ t ! lion is dead1 ,i %all easily dispose ( ! foxes & h>es--i4e41 ,melan*?on & ! o!r ,lu!ran !ologians4 7#beg47 ,osi&] 0 ! orig9ator ( ! controv]sy ,conc]n+ ! ,righte\sness ( ,fai? be=e ,god1 :i* 0 f9ally settl$ 9 ,article ,,iii ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,osi&]1 laud$ by mod]n hi/orians z ! only real sy/ematiz] among ! ,lu!rans ( ! fir/ g5]ation1 0 a man z pr\d1 ov]be>+1 & passionate z he 0 gift$1 ke51 sagaci\s1 le>n$1 eloqu5t1 & en]getic4 ,he 0 born ,decemb] #ai1 #adih1 at ,gunz5haus51 ,franconia1 & di$ ,octob] #ag1 #aeeb1 at ,ko5igsb]g1 :]e he 0 also buri$ ) high honors 9 ! ,old ,city ,*ur*4 ,9 #aebb he 0 appo9t$ prie/ at ,/4 ,lawr5ce's ,*ur* 9 ! ,free ,city ( ,nu]nb]g4 ,"h he imm$iately act$ ! "p ( a det]m9$ *ampion ( ! ,re=mation4 ,subsequ5tly he also p>ticipat$ 9 "s ( ! mo/ important transactions ( 8 day4 ,he 0 pres5t at ! ,m>burg ,colloquy1 #aebi1 :]e he made ! p]sonal acqua9tance ( ,lu!r & ! ,witt5b]g]s4 ,he also took "p 9 ! discussions at ! ,diet 9 ,augsburg1 #aecj2 at ,smalcald1 #aecg2 at ,hag5au & ,worms1 #aedj4 ,nor 7 8 int]e/s conf9$ to !ological que/ions4 ,:51 at ,nu]nb]g1 #aedc1 ! "w ( ,cop]nicus1 ,de ,revolutionibus ,orbium ,coele/ium1 ,conc]n+ ! ,revolutions ( ! ,heav5ly ,bodies1 0 publi%$ = ! fir/ "t1 ,osi&] read ! pro(-%eets & wrote ! ,preface1 9 :i* he designat$ ! new !ory z hypo!ses1 ?us facilitat+ its circulation also among ! ,ca?olics1 until 9 ! #ag? c5tury ! book 0 plac$ on ! ,index ,librorum ,prohibitorum1 :]e x rema9$ till ! #ah? c5tury4 ,:5 ! ,augsburg ,int]im 0 introduc$ 9 ,nu]nb]g1 ,osi&] resign$1 & ) words ( deep emotion 79 a lett] ( ,novemb] #bb1 #aedh1 address$ to ! city c\ncil7 he left ! place :]e he _h labor$ m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,janu>y #bg #aedi1 he arriv$ 9 ,ko5igsb]g4 ,"h he 0 joy\sly receiv$ by ,c\nt ,albre*t ( ,prussia1 :om he _h ga9$ = ! ,re=mation 9 #aebc4 ,mov$ by gratitude t[>d ,osi&]1 :om he honor$ z 8 spiritual fa!r1 ,c\nt ,albre*t appo9t$ him pa/or ( ! ,old ,city ,*ur* &1 soon aft]1 fir/ pr(essor ( !ology at ! ,univ]sity ( ,ko5igsb]g1 ) a d\ble sal>y1 ?\gh ,osi&] _h nev] receiv$ an academic degree4 ,! dissatisfaction :i* ?is unusual pref]m5t caus$ among 8 colleagues1 ,briessman1 ,hegemon1 ,is9d]1 & ,mo]l91 soon develop$ into decid$ antipa?y aga9/ ,osi&]1 especially because ( 8 ov]be>+1 dom9e]+ ways z well z 8 intrigu+ me?ods4 ,no d\bt1 ?is p]sonal elem5t add$ l>gely to ! animosity & viol5ce ( ! controv]sy t 0 soon to foll[1 & dur+ :i* ! pr(essors 9 ,ko5igsb]g are said to h c>ri$ fire>ms into _! academic sessions4 7,s*aff1 ,cre$s #a1 #bgc47 ,yet x _c be reg>d$ z ! real cause or ev5 z ! imm$iate occasion1 ( ! conflict1 :i* 0 really br\ght ab\t by ! uns\nd1 speculative1 & my/ical views ( ,osi&] on ! image ( ,god &1 p>ticul>ly1 on ju/ification & ! righte\sness ( fai?1--doctr9al po9ts on :i* he deviat$ f ! ,lu!ran tea*+ to su* an ext5t t a controv]sy 0 unavoidable4 ,evid5tly1 8 0 ei!r a case ( relapse into ,romanism1 or1 :at seems to be ! m probable alt]native1 ,osi&] nev] atta9$ to a cle> appreh5sion ( ! ,lu!ran tru? nor ev] fully fre$ himself f ! ,roman doctr9e1 especially 9 its f9] & m veil$ =m ( my/icism4 #agf4 ,oppos$ by ,mo]l9 & ,lu!rans ,g5]ally4 ,osi&]1 z /at$1 _h conceiv$ ! fundam5tal ?\ghts ( 8 sy/em long be=e he rea*$ ,ko5igsb]g4 ,9 #aebd1 :5 only tw5ty-six ye>s ( age1 he laid d[n ! outl9es ( 8 !ory 9 a publication entitl$3 ,a ,good ,in/ruction 7,e9 gut ,unt]ri*t7 & ,fai?ful ,advice f ! ,holy ,div9e ,scriptures ,:at ,attitude to ,take 9 ,^! ,diss5sions ,conc]n+ ,our ,holy ,fai? & ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e1 deal+ especially ) ! que/ions :at is ,god's ,^w & :at human doctr9e1 :at ,*ri/ & :at ,anti*ri/4 ,"h he says3 ,:oev] he>s1 reta9s1 & believes ! ,^w1 receives ,god ,himself1 = ,god is ! ,^w4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ,^w ( ,god1 ,*ri/1 our ,"l1 dwells 9 u by fai? & we are "o ) ,him1 we may say ) ,paul3 ',i live1 ?\gh n ,i1 b ,*ri/ lives 9 me1' & !n we are ju/ifi$ by fai?4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bgj47 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 #aebe1 he wrote 9 8 ,action ( ! ,honorable ,wise ,c\ncil 9 ,nu]nb]g ) _! ,prea*]s 7,h&lung e9es ehrsam5 weis5 ,rats zu ,nu]nb]g mit ihr5 ,pra$ikant573 ,! "o & only righte\sness avail+ be=e ,god is ,god ,himself4 ,b ,*ri/ is ! ,^w :i* we appreh5d by fai?1 & ?us ,*ri/ 9 u1 ,god ,himself1 is our ,righte\sness :i* avails be=e ,god4 ,! ,gospel has two p>ts2 ! fir/1 t ,*ri/ has satisfi$ ! ju/ice ( ,god2 ! o!r1 t ,he has cleans$ u f s91 & ju/ifies u by dwell+ 9 u 7und uns re*tf]tigt1 s er 9 uns wohnet74 7#bga47 ,! embryonic ideas ( ^! e>ly publications conc]n+ ! image ( ,god & ju/ification 7 fully develop$ by ,osi&] 9 8 book ( #aeej1 ,:e!r ! ,son ( ,god w\ld h _h to be ,inc>nat$ 7,an ,filius ,dei fu]it ,inc>n&us71 if ,s9 _h ,n ,ent]$ ! ,_w2 & especially 9 8 confession ( ,septemb]1 #aeea1 ,conc]n+ ! ,only ,m$iator ,jesus ,*ri/ 7,von dem e9ig5 ,mittl] ,jesu ,*ri/o7 & ,ju/ification ( ,fai? :i* appe>$ also 9 ,lat9 "u ! title ,de ,unico ,m$iatore1 9 ,octob] ( ! same ye>4 ,! public conflict began imm$iately aft] ,osi&] _h ent]$ ^u 8 duties at ! univ]sity4 ,9 8 inaugural disputation ( ,april #e1 #aedi1 ,conc]n+ ! ,law & ,gospel 7,de ,lege et ,evangelio71 ,osi&]'s vanity prompt$ him at lea/ to h9t at 8 peculi> views1 :i* he well knew 7 n 9 agreem5t ) ! doctr9e taught at ,witt5b]g & 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* at l>ge4 ,8 colleague1 ,mat?ias ,laut]wald1 a ,witt5b]g ma/]1 :o di$ #aeee1 imm$iately took issue ) him4 ,on ! day foll[+ ! disputation1 he publi%$ !ses 9 :i* he decl>$3 ,osi&] d5i$ t fai? is a "p ( rep5tance4 ,octob] #bd ( ! foll[+ ye> ,osi&] held a second disputation 7,on ,ju/ification1 ,de ,iu/ificatione7 9 :i* he came out cle>ly aga9/ ! doctr9e hi!rto taught 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,b n[ also a mu* m able & det]m9$ combatant appe>$ 9 ! ar5a1 ,joa*im ,mo]l91 :o h5ce=? devot$ 8 entire life to defeat ,osi&rism & to v9dicate ,lu!r's =5sic view ( ju/ification4 ,mo]l9 7,moehrle97 0 born at ,witt5b]g ,april #f1 #aead1 he /udi$ "u ,lu!r & 0 made ,ma/] 9 #aecg & ,doctor 9 #aedj2 till #aedc he 0 sup]9t5d5t 9 ,arn/adt1 ,?ur+ia1 & sup]9t5d5t 9 ,goett+5 till #aedi1 :5 he 0 compell$ to leave because ( 8 opposition to ! ,augsburg ,int]im4 ,recomm5d$ by ,elizabe? ,du*ess ( ,brauns*weig-,lu5eburg1 ! "m-9-law ( ,duke ,albre*t1 he 0 appo9t$ prea*] at ! ,dome ( ,ko5igsb]g 9 #aeej4 ,cle>ly und]/&+ t solid com=t 9 life & dea? is possible only z long z our fai? re/s solely on ! ali5a iu/itia1 on ! objective righte\sness ( ,*ri/1 :i* is )\t u1 & is (f]$ 9 ! ,gospel & receiv$ by fai?2 & fully realiz+ also t ,*ri/ian assurance is incompatible ) su* a doctr9e z ,osi&] taught1 accord+ to :i* our fai? is to rely on a righte\s condition )9 ourselves1 ,mo]l9 publicly attack$ ,osi&] f 8 pulpit1 & 9 e way emphasiz$ ! fact t 8 tea*+ c\ld nev] be tol]at$ 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,osi&] repli$ 9 8 lectures4 ,! situation ?us creat$ 0 mo/ intol]able4 ,at ! comm& ( ! ,duke discussions 7 held betwe5 ,mo]l9 & ,osi&]1 b )\t result4 ,9 ord] to settle ! dispute1 ,duke ,albre*t1 accord+ly1 on ,octob] #e1 #aeea1 plac$ ! entire matt] be=e ! evangelical pr9ces & cities ) ! reque/ t ! po9ts involv$ be discuss$ at ! v>i\s synods & _! v]dicts =w>d$ to ,ko5igsb]g4 ,?is ar\s$ ! g5]al int]e/ & ! deepe/ conc]n ( ! entire ,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 ,g]many4 ,num]\s op9ions ( ! v>i\s synods & !ologians arriv$ dur+ ! w9t] ( #aeea to #aeeb4 ,) ! exception ( ! ,wu]ttemb]g ,response 7,responsum71 writt5 by ,john ,br5z1 & ! ,op9ion ( ,mat!w ,vogel1 bo? ( :om reg>d$ ,osi&]'s tea*+ z diff]+ f ! doctr9e receiv$ by ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 t]ms & phrases r ?an 9 sub/ance1 !y 7 unfavorable to ,osi&]4 ,at ! same "t all1 includ+ ! op9ions ( ,br5z & ,vogel1 reveal$ ! fact t ! ,lu!rans1 ! !ologians ( ,witt5b]g z well z ^? ( ,j5a1 ,br&5burg1 ,pom]ania1 ,hamburg1 etc41 7 firmly unit$ 9 ma9ta9+ ,lu!r's doctr9e1 viz41 t ! righte\sness ( fai? is n ! ess5tial righte\sness ( ! ,son ( ,god1 z ,osi&] held b ! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/ ! ,god-man imput$ by grace to all true believ]s z _! sole righte\sness be=e ,god4 ,feel+ safe "u ! protection ( ,duke ,albre*t1 & app>5tly n 9 ! lea/ impress$ by ! g5]al opposition :i* 8 innovations met ) at ! h&s ( ! ,lu!rans1 ,osi&] cont9u$ ! controv]sy by publi%+ 8 ,pro( 7,beweisung7 t = ,?irty ,ye>s ,i h ,always ,taught ! ,same ,doctr9e4 ,& irritat$ by an op9ion ( ,melan*?on 7:om ,osi&] d5\nc$ z a pe/il5tial h]etic71 publi%$ ) (f5sive explanations add$ by ! ,witt5b]g]s1 he 9 ! same ye> 7,april1 #aeeb7 wrote 8 ,refutation 7,wid]legung7 ( ! ,unf\nd$1 ,unpr(itable ,answ] ( ,philip ,melan*?on4 ,9 ?is immod]ate publication ,osi&] boa/$ t only ! ,philippian rabble1 danc+ accord+ to ! pip+ ( ,melan*?on1 0 oppos$ to him4 ,be=e long1 h[ev]1 also su* oppon5ts ( ! ,philippi/s z ,flacius1 ,gallus1 ,amsdorf1 & ,wig& 7 prom95tly arraign$ aga9/ ,osi&]4 ,mean:ile 7,may #bc1 #aeeb7 ,mo]l9 publi%$ a l>ge volume entitl$3 ,conc]n+ ! ,ju/ification ( ,fai?4 ,osi&] repli$ 9 8 ,s*meckbi] ( ,june #bd #aeeb1 a book z ke5 z x 0 co>se4 ,9 #aeeb & #aeec ,flacius issu$ no less ?an twelve publications aga9/ ,osi&]1 "o ( !m be>+ ! title3 ,zwo fu]nehmli*e ,gru5de ,osi&ri v]legt1 zu e9em ,s*meckbi]2 ano!r3 ,antidotum auf ,osi&ri giftiges ,s*meckbi]4 7,preg] #b1 #eea7 ,:5 ! controv]sy _h j ab\t rea*$ its climax1 ,osi&] di$1 ,octob] #ag1 #aeeb4 ,soon aft]1 ! ,duke enjo9$ sil5ce on bo? p>ties1 & ,mo]l9 0 bani%$4 ,he accept$ a position z sup]9t5d5t 9 ,brunswick1 :]e he zeal\sly cont9u$ 8 opposition to ,osi&rism z well z to o!r corruptions ( g5u9e ,lu!ranism4 ,at ,ko5igsb]g ! ,osi&ri/s cont9u$ to enjoy ! protection & favor ( ,duke ,albre*t & gradually develop$ into a quasi-political p>ty4 ,! lead] ( ! small b& 0 ,john ,funck1 ! son-9-law ( ,osi&] & ! *apla9 ( ! ,duke4 ,9 #aeff1 h[ev]1 ! k+ ( ,pol& int]v5$1 & ,funck 0 execut$ z a di/urb] ( ! public peace4 ,mo]l9 0 recall$ & s]v$ z bi%op ( ,saml& at ,ko5igsb]g f #aefg till 8 dea? 9 #aega4 ,! ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,pru!nicum1 or ,borussicum1 fram$ by ,mo]l9 & ,*emnitz & adopt$ #aefg at ,ko5igsb]g1 reject$ ! doctr9es ( ,osi&]4 ,mo]l9 also wrote a hi/ory ( ,osi&rism entitl$3 ,hi/oria1 wel*] ge/alt si* die ,osi&ris*e ,s*wa]m]ei im ,l&e zu ,preuss5 erhab54 #agg4 ,corruptions ,involv$ 9 ,osi&]'s ,tea*+4 ,osi&]'s !ory ( ju/ification accord+ to :i* ! righte\sness ( fai? is ! et]nal1 ess5tial hol9ess ( ! div9e nature ( ,*ri/ inh]+ & dwell+ 9 man1 consi/5tly compell$ him to ma9ta9 t ju/ification is n an act by :i* ,god decl>es a man j1 b an act by :i* ,he actually makes him inh]5tly j & righte\s2 t x is n an imputation ( a righte\sness exi/+ outside ( man1 b an actual infusion ( a righte\sness dwell+ 9 man2 t x is n a m]e acquittal f s9 & guilt1 b reg5]ation1 r5ewal1 sanctification & int]nal1 physical cleans+ f s9 t x is n a =5sic or judicial act outside ( man or a decl>ation conc]n+ man's /&+ be=e ,god & 8 relation to ,him b a sort ( m$ic9al process )9 man1 t ! righte\sness ( fai? is n ! ali5 7/range1 =eign7 righte\sness1 ali5a iu/itia 7a t]m employ$ also by ,lu!r71 consi/+ 9 ! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/1 b a quality1 condition1 or *ange effect$ 9 believ]s by ! ess5tial righte\sness ( ! div9e nature dwell+ 9 !m ?r\gh fai? 9 ,*ri/2 t fai? does n ju/ify on acc\nt ( ! ?+ outside ( man 9 :i* x tru/s & ^u :i* x relies1 b by reason ( ! ?+ :i* x introduces & produces 9 man2 t1 accord+ly1 ju/ification is nev] in/antane\s & complete1 b gradual & progressive4 ,osi&] pla9ly tea*es t ! righte\sness ( fai? 7our righte\sness be=e ,god7 is n ! ob$i5ce r5d]$ by ,*ri/ to ! div9e ,law1 b ! indwell+ righte\sness ( ,god 7iu/itia ,dei inhabitans71--ess5tially ! same orig9al righte\sness or image t inh]$ 9 ,adam & ,eve be=e ! ,fall4 ,x consi/s1 n inde$ 9 good works or 9 do+ & suff]+1 b 9 a quality 7,art7 :i* r5d]s him :o receives x j1 & moves him to d & to suff] :at is "r4 ,x is ! hol9ess 7,frommigkeit7 :i* consi/s 9 ! r5ewal ( man1 9 ! gifts ( grace1 9 ! new spiritual life1 9 ! reg5]at$ nature ( man4 ,by ,8 suff]+ & dea?1 said ,osi&]1 ,*ri/ made satisfaction & acquir$ =giv5ess = u1 b ,he did n !reby effect our ju/ification4 ,8 ob$i5ce z su* does n con/itute our righte\sness be=e ,god1 b m]ely s]ves to re/ore x4 ,x 0 necess>y t ,god might be able to dwell 9 u1 & s become our life & righte\sness4 ,fai? ju/ifies1 n inasmu* z x appreh5ds ! m]its ( ,*ri/1 b inasmu* z x unites u ) ! div9e nature1 ! inf9ite ess5tial righte\sness ( ,god1 9 :i* our s9s are dilut$1 z x 71 & lo/1 z an impure drop disappe>s :5 p\r$ into an ocean ( liquid purity4 ,accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ,osi&] !re=e1 also ! assurance t we are ju/ifi$ & accept$ by ,god does n re/ exclusively on ! m]its ( ,*ri/ & ! p>don (f]$ 9 ! ,gospel1 b mu/ be bas$ on ! righte\s quality inh]+ 9 u4 ,our assurance is condition$ n alone ^u :at ,*ri/ has done outside ( u & = u b r ^u :at ,he is 9 u & produces 9 u4 ,! satisfaction r5d]$ by ,*ri/ _m c5turies ago is nei!r ! only gr\nd on :i* ,god reg>ds u z j1 nor a suffici5t basis ( our c]ta9ty t we are accept$ by ,god4 ,n ! ,*ri/ = u1 b r ! ,*ri/ 9 u1 is ! basis bo? ( our ju/ification & assurance4 ,accord+ly 9 ord] to satisfy an al>m$ s9n]1 x is n suffici5t to proclaim ! ,gospel-promise ( div9e absolution4 ,9 addition1 an inve/igation is requir$ :e!r ! righte\sness & hol9ess ( ,god is also really f\nd dwell+ 9 him4 ,:ile ,lu!r _h urg$ al>m$ consci5ces to tru/ 9 ! m]its ( ,*ri/ alone = _! ju/ification & salvation1 ,osi&] l$ !m to rely on ! new life ( div9e wisdom1 hol9ess1 & righte\sness dwell+ 9 _! own he>ts4 ,f ! v beg9n+ ( ! controv]sy1 ,mo]l91 ,melan*?on1 & ! ,lu!rans g5]ally 7 solicit\s to po9t out t ,osi&]'s doctr9e robs ,*ri/ians ( ?is glori\s & only solid com=t t x is n a subjective quality 9 _! own he>ts1 b solely & only ! objective & absolutely p]fect ob$i5ce r5d]$ by ,*ri/ _m hundr$ ye>s ago1 :i* ,god reg>ds :5 ,he ju/ifies ! wick$1 & ^u :i* man mu/ rely = ! assurance ( 8 acceptance & salvation4 ,consi/5tly develop$1 !re=e1 ! innovation ( ,osi&] 0 b\nd to vitiate 9 e p>ticul> ! doctr9e ( ju/ification re/or$ once m by ,lu!r4 ,9 fact1 8 !ory 0 b a revamp+ ( j su* tea*+ z _h driv5 ! ,lu!rans out ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,true1 ,osi&] d5i$ t by our own works we m]it ju/ification2 t our righte\sness consi/s 9 our good works2 t our good works are imput$ to u z righte\sness4 ,b ! fact t he held a subjective condition to be our righte\sness be=e ,god gives to 8 doctr9e an ess5tially ,roman /amp1 no matt] h[ widely x may diff] f x 9 o!r respects4 ,moehl]1 ! r5[n$ ,ca?olic apologi/1 decl>$ t prop]ly int]pret$ & illucidat$1 ,osi&]'s doctr9e 0 id5tical ) ! ,roman ,ca?olic doctr9e4 7,frank #b1 #e4 #ia47 ,z /at$ be=e1 8 tea*+ 0 ,romanism 9 its f9] & m veil$ =m ( my/icism4 #agh4 ,exc]pts f ,osi&]'s ,writ+s4 ,9 8 publication ( ,janu>y #aj1 #aeeb ,wid] d5 li*tflue*tig5 ,na*trab51 ,osi&] endeavors to prove t he is 9 complete doctr9al agreem5t ) ,lu!r4 ,9 x he gives ! foll[+ summ>y1 b gu>d$1 pres5tation ( 8 views4 ,i und]/& x ?is way1 says he4 #a4 ,x fl[$ f ,8 pure grace & m]cy t ,god sacrific$ ,8 only ,son = u4 #b4 ,! ,son became man & 0 made "u ! ,law1 & ,he has r$eem$ u f ! ,law & f ! curse ( ! ,law4 #c4 ,he took ^u ,himself ! s9s ( ! :ole _w1 = :i* ,he suff]$1 di$1 %$ ,8 blood1 desc5d$ into hell1 rose aga91 & ?us ov]came s91 dea?1 & hell1 & m]it$ = u =giv5ess ( s91 reconciliation ) ,god1 ! grace & gift ( ju/ification1 & et]nal life4 #d4 ,?is is to be prea*$ 9 all ! _w4 #e4 ,:oev] believes ?is & is baptiz$1 is ju/ifi$ & bless$ 7selig7 by virtue ( su* fai?4 #f4 ,fai? appreh5ds ,*ri/ s t ,he dwells 9 our he>ts ?r\gh fai?1 ,eph4 #c1 #ag4 #g4 ,*ri/1 liv+ 9 u ?r\gh fai?1 is our ,wisdom1 ,righte\sness1 ,hol9ess1 & ,r$emption1 #a ,cor4 #a1 #cj1 ,j]4 #bc1 #f2 #cc1 #af4 #h4 ,*ri/1 true ,god & man1 dwell+ 9 u ?r\gh fai?1 is our ,righte\sness accord+ to ,8 div9e nature1 z ,dr4 ,lu!r says3 ',i rely on ! righte\sness :i* is ,god ,himself2 ?is ,he _c reject4 ,su* is1 says ,lu!r1 ! simple1 correct und]/&+2 d n suff] y\rself to be l$ away f x4' 7,frank #b1 #g;f47 ,seeb]g cites ! foll[+ passage3 ,b if ! "q be ask$ :at is righte\sness1 "o mu/ answ]3 ,*ri/ dwell+ 9 u by fai? is our ,righte\sness accord+ to ,8 div9ity2 & ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 :i* is n ,*ri/ ,himself1 b m]it$ by ,*ri/1 is a prep>ation & cause t ,god (f]s u ,8 righte\sness1 :i* ,he is ,himself4 7,dogg4 #d1 #dih47 ,incid5tally ,osi&]'s appeal to ,lu!r is unw>rant$4 ,= accord+ to him ,*ri/ is our ,righte\sness because ,8 ob$i5ce is ,god's ob$i5ce1 ! "w n only ( ,8 human nature1 b1 at ! same "t1 also ( ,8 div9e nature1 :ile accord+ to ,osi&] ev]y?+ t ,*ri/ did = u m]ely s]ves to br+ ab\t ! indwell+ ( ! div9e nature ( ,*ri/1 ^: ess5tial hol9ess is our righte\sness be=e ,god4 ,t ,osi&] 0 n 9 agreem5t ) ,lu!r1 z he claim$1 appe>s also f 8 ass]tion t su* /atem5ts ( ,lu!r z3 ,*ri/'s dea? is our life1 =giv5ess ( s9s is our righte\sness1 etc41 mu/ be expla9$ figuratively1 z words fl[+ f a joy\s he>t4 7#b1 #bc47 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,osi&] ma9ta9$ t ,*ri/ is our ,righte\sness only accord+ to ,8 div9e nature appe>s f ! foll[+ exc]pts3 ,if ! "q be ask$ accord+ to :at nature ,*ri/1 ,8 :ole undivid$ p]son1 is our ,righte\sness1 !n j z :5 "o asks accord+ to :at nature ,he is ! ,creator ( heav5 & e>?1 ! cle>1 correct1 & pla9 answ] is t ,he is our ,righte\sness accord+ to ,8 div9e1 & n accord+ to ,8 human nature1 al?\gh we are unable to f9d1 obta9 or appreh5d su* div9e righte\sness ap>t f ,8 humanity4 7,frank #b1 #ab47 ,aga93 ,:5 we say3 ,*ri/ is our ,righte\sness1 we mu/ und]/& ,8 deity1 :i* ent]s u ?r\gh ,8 humanity4 ,:5 ,*ri/ says3 ,i am ! ,bread ( ,life1 we mu/ und]/& ,8 deity :i* comes into u ?r\gh ,8 humanity & is our life4 ,:5 ,he says3 ,my fle% is meat inde$1 & ,my blood is dr9k inde$1 we mu/ take x to mean ,8 deity :i* is 9 ! fle% & blood & is meat & dr9k = u4 ,?us1 too1 :5 ,john says1 #a ,john #a1 #g3 ,! blood ( ,*ri/ cleanse? u f all s91 we mu/ und]/& ! deity ( ,*ri/ :i* is 9 ! blood2 = ,john does n speak ( ! blood ( ,*ri/ z x 0 %$ on ! cross1 b z x1 unit$ ) ! fle% ( ,*ri/1 is our heav5ly meat & dr9k by fai?4 7#bc47 ,osi&]1 !re=e1 is b consi/5t :5 he reit]ates t ! ,son ( ,god1 ! ,holy ,_s1 & ! ,fa!r are our ,righte\sness1 because _! div9e ess5ce :i* by fai? dwells 9 ,*ri/ians1 is "o & ! same4 ,osi&] emphasizes t ! ess5tial righte\sness ( ! div9e nature ( ,*ri/ alone is able to save u4 ,he says3 ,= ( :at help w\ld x be to y if y _h all ! righte\sness :i* m5 & angels c imag9e1 b lack$ ?is et]nal righte\sness :i* is itself ! ,son ( ,god1 accord+ to ,8 div9e nature1 ) ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,gho/8 ,= no o!r righte\sness c lift y up to heav5 & br+ y to ! ,fa!r4 ,b :5 y appreh5d ?is righte\sness ?r\gh fai?1 & ,*ri/ is 9 y1 :at c y !n be lack+ :i* y d n possess ri*ly1 sup]abundantly1 & inf9itely 9 ,8 deity8 ,aga93 ,s9ce ,*ri/ is ours & is 9 u1 ,god ,himself & all ,8 angels behold no?+ 9 u b righte\sness on acc\nt ( ! highe/1 et]nal1 & inf9ite righte\sness ( ,*ri/1 :i* is ,8 deity itself dwell+ 9 u4 ,& al?\gh s9 /ill rema9s 91 & cl+s to1 our fle%1 x is l an impure little drop comp>$ ) a great pure ocean1 & on acc\nt ( ! righte\sness ( ,*ri/ :i* is 9 u ,god does n want to see x4 7,frank #b1 #ajj4 #ajb47 ,to ?is peculi>ity ( ,osi&]1 accord+ to :i* he seems to h _h 9 m9d a ju/ification by a sort ( my/ico-physical dilution r ?an by imputation1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord ref]s z foll[s3 ,= "o side has cont5d$ t ! righte\sness ( fai?1 :i* ! apo/le calls ! righte\sness ( ,god1 is ,god's ess5tial righte\sness1 :i* is ,*ri/ ,himself z ! true1 natural1 & ess5tial ,son ( ,god1 :o dwells 9 ! elect by fai? & impels !m to d "r1 & ?us is _! righte\sness1 comp>$ ) :i* righte\sness ! s9s ( all m5 are z a drop ( wat] comp>$ ) ! great ocean4 7#iag1 #b2 #gij1 #b47 ,9 8 confession ,conc]n+ ! ,only ,m$iator1 ( #aeea1 ,osi&] expatiates on ju/ification1 & def9es x z an act by :i* righte\sness is infus$ into believ]s4 ,we read3 ,x is app>5t t :atev] "p ,*ri/1 z ! fai?ful ,m$iator1 act$ ) reg>d to ,god1 ,8 heav5ly ,fa!r1 = our sakes1 by fulfill+ ! ,law & by ,8 suff]+ & dea?1 0 accompli%$ m ?an #a1ejj ye>s ago1 :5 we 7 n 9 exi/5ce4 ,= ?is reason x _c1 prop]ly speak+1 h be51 nor be call$1 our ju/ification1 b only our r$emption & ! atonem5t = u & our s9s4 ,= :oev] w\ld be ju/ifi$ mu/ believe2 b if he is to believe1 he mu/ already be born & live4 ,!re=e ,*ri/ has n ju/ifi$ u :o n[ live & die2 b we are r$eem$ by x ,8 "w #a1ejj ye>s ago f ,god's wra?1 dea?1 & hell4444 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is true & und\bt$ t by ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,law & by ,8 suff]+ & dea? ,he m]it$ & e>n$ f ,god1 ,8 heav5ly ,fa!r1 ?is great & sup]ab\nd+ grace1 namely1 t ,he n only has =giv5 our s9 & tak5 f u ! unbe>able burd5 ( ! ,law1 b t ,he also wi%es to ju/ify u by fai? 9 ,*ri/1 to infuse ju/ification or ! righte\sness 7sond]n au* uns dur* d5 ,glaub5 an ,*ri/um w re*tf]tig51 die ,g]e*tma*ung e+iess571 &1 if only we obey1 ?r\gh ! op]ation ( ,8 ,holy ,_s & ?r\gh ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 9 :i* we are embodi$ by ! baptism ( ,*ri/1 to mortify1 purge out1 & entirely de/roy s9 :i* is already =giv5 u1 b nev]!less /ill dwells 9 our fle% & adh]es to u4 ,!re=e ! o!r "p ( ! (fice ( our de> fai?ful ,"l & ,m$iator ,jesus ,*ri/ is n[ to turn t[>d u 9 ord] to deal also ) u poor s9n]s z ) ! guilty p>ty1 t we ackn[l$ge su* great grace & gratefully receive x by fai?1 9 ord] t ,he by fai? may make u alive & j f ! dea? ( s91 & t s91 :i* is already =giv51 b nev]!less /ill dwells & inh]es 9 our fle%1 may be altoge!r mortifi$ & de/roy$ 9 u4 ,& ?is1 fir/ ( all1 is ! act ( our ju/ification4 7,ts*ack]t1 #dib;f42 ,planck #d1 #bfh47 ,t ,osi&] practically id5tifi$ ju/ification ) reg5]ation1 r5ewal1 & gradual sanctification appe>s f ! foll[+ quotations4 ,to ju/ify1 says he1 means to make a j man out ( an unju/ "o1 t is to recall a dead man to life--ex impio iu/um fac]e1 hoc e/1 mortuum ad vitam revoc>e4 7,seeb]g #d1 #dii47 ,aga93 ,?us ! ,gospel fur!r %[s its p[] & also ju/ifies u1 i4e41 x makes u j1 ev5 z1 & 9 ! same degree z1 ,he also makes u alive 7eb5 und 9 all] ,masse1 wie er uns au* leb5dig ma*t74 7,frank #b1 #ah47 ,& "h y see aga9 h[ t]ribly ^? err :o endeavor to prove by ?is passage ( ,david & ,paul t our righte\sness is no?+ else ?an =giv5ess ( s92 = !y h ov]look$ ! cov]+ ( s9 ) ! ess5tial righte\sness ( ,*ri/ :om we put on 9 ,baptism2 !y h also remov$ f ju/ification ! r5ewal ( ! inn] man effect$ by reg5]ation4 7#ajb47 ,osi&] 0 fanatical 9 d5\nc+ ^? :o id5tifi$ ju/ification ) ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,9 8 ,disputation ( ,octob] #bd1 #aeej1 he decl>$3 ,! entire fulness ( ! deity dwells 9 ,*ri/ bodily1 h5ce 9 ^? also 9 :om ,*ri/ dwells4444 ,!re=e we are j by ,8 ess5tial righte\sness4444 ,:oev] does n hold ?is mann] ( our ju/ification is c]ta9ly a ,zw+lian at he>t1 no matt] :at he may confess ) 8 m\?4444 ,!y also tea* ?+s cold] ?an ice :o hold t we are reg>d$ z righte\s only on acc\nt ( ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 & n on acc\nt ( ! ess5tial righte\sness ( ,*ri/ :o dwells 9 u ?r\gh fai?4 ,glacie frigidiora doc5t nos tantum propt] remissionem peccatorum reput>i iu/os1 et non etiam propt] iu/itiam ,*ri/i p] fidem 9 nobis inhabitantis4 ,non enim tam iniquus ,deus e/1 ut eum pro iu/o habeat1 9 quo v]ae iu/itiae prorsus nil e/4 7,frank #b1 #ig2 ,ts*ack]t1 #did2 ,seeb]g #d1 #dig47 ,!y are errori/s1 ,osi&] decl>$1 :o say1 tea*1 & write t ! righte\sness is outside ( u4 7,frank #b1 #ajj47 ,! ess5tial righte\sness ( ,*ri/ is inde$1 imput$ to u1 b only :5 x is 9 u4 ,= ,god is n s unrighte\s1 nor su* a lov] ( unrighte\sness t ,he reg>ds him z j 9 :om !re is absolutely no?+ ( ! true righte\sness2 z x is writt51 ,ps4 #e1 #d3 ',= ,?\ art n a ,god t ha? pleasure 9 wick$ness2 nei!r %all evil dwell ) ,!e1' 7,planck #d1 #bgc47 ,evid5tly1 ,osi&] reject$ or _h nev] fully grasp$ ,paul's cle> /atem5t & tea*+ conc]n+ ! ,god :o ju/ifies ! ungodly1 ,rom4 #d1 #e3 ,b to him t worke? n1 b believe? on ,him t ju/ifie? ! ungodly1 8 fai? is c\nt$ = righte\sness4 #agi4 ,attitude ( ,br5z & ,melan*?on4 ,) ! exception ( ,br5z & ,vogel1 :o1 z /at$ be=e1 reg>d$ ,osi&]'s doctr9e z diff]+ f ! g5]ally receiv$ view 9 phraseology & mode ( pres5tation r ?an 9 sub/ance1 ! ,lu!rans ev]y:]e 7 unanim\s 9 reject+ ,osi&]'s !ory z a recrudesc5ce ( ! ,romi% ju/ification n by imputation1 b by infusion4 ,& z to ,br5z1 :o put a mild] con/ruction on ! /atem5ts ( ,osi&]1 ,melan*?on wrote ,octob] #a1 #aeeg3 ,conc]n+ ! affair ) ,osi&]1 my writ+s are publicly kn[n1 :i* ,i hope w be ( b5efit to _m4 ,br5z also is agre$ ) u doctr9ally4 ,he said he _h advis$ peace1 = he did n take ,osi&]'s expressions to be z dang]\s z ! oppon5ts did1 & = ?is reason c\ld n z yet condemn 8 p]son2 b 9 doctr9e he 0 agre$ ) u & w\ld unite 9 condemn+ ,osi&] if ! *>ges made aga9/ him 7 prov$4 ,melan*?on himself fully realiz$ ! vici\sness ( ,osi&]'s error1 al?\gh at ! colloquy 9 ,worms1 #aeeg1 he1 too1 0 oppos$ to condemn+ ,osi&rism toge!r ) ,zw+lianism1 ,majorism1 & ,adiaphorism1 z ! !ologians ( ,ducal ,saxony dem&$4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #caa4 #djb47 ,9 ,may1 #aeea1 ,melan*?on wrote to ,osi&] t by ! ess5tial righte\sness ( ,*ri/ r5ewal is effect$ 9 u1 b t we h =giv5ess ( s9s & are reput$ to be righte\s on acc\nt ( ! m]it ( ,*ri/ ^: blood & dea? appeas$ ! wra? ( ,god4 ,9 8 confutation ( ! ,osi&ric doctr9e1 writt5 9 ,septemb]1 #aeee1 we read3 ,osi&]'s def9ition ( righte\sness is3 ,righte\sness is t :i* makes u d :at is righte\s4444 ,h5ce man is righte\s by do+ :at is righte\s4444 ,!reupon ,osi&]1 9 ord] to say some?+ also conc]n+ =giv5ess ( s9s1 te>s remission ( s9s f righte\sness4 ,he expressly decl>es t ! s9s are =giv5 to all m52 ,n]o h[ev]1 is damn$ because he does n possess ! ess5tial righte\sness2 & ?is1 he says1 is ,god ,himself1 ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s4444 ,osi&] cont5ds t man is j on acc\nt ( ! indwell+ ( ,god1 or on acc\nt ( ! indwell+ ,god1 n on acc\nt ( ! ob$i5ce ( ! ,m$iator1 n by ! imput$ righte\sness ( ! ,m$iator ?r\gh grace4 ,& he corrupts ! proposition1 ',by fai? we are ju/ifi$1' into1 ,by fai? we are prep>$ t we may become j by some?+ else1 viz41 ! inhabit+ ,god4 ,?us he 9 reality says :at ! ,papi/s say3 ',we are righte\s by our r5ewal1' except t he m5tions ! cause :]e ! ,papi/s m5tion ! effect4 ,ita re ipsa dicit1 quod ,papi/ae dicunt1 sumus iu/i novitate1 nisi quod nom9at causam1 ubi nom9ant ,papi/ae effectum4 ,we are j :5 ,god r5ews u4 ,he !re=e detracts f ! honor due to ! ,m$iator1 obscures ! greatness ( s91 de/roys ! *ief consolation ( ! pi\s1 & leads !m into p]petual d\bt4 ,= fai? _c exi/ unless x looks ^u ! promise ( m]cy conc]n+ ! ,m$iator4 ,nor is !re an inhabitation unless ! consolation is receiv$ by ?is fai?4 ,& x is a prepo/]\s way ( tea*+ t "o is to believe fir/ ! inhabitation1 aft]w>ds =giv5ess ( s9s 7prius cr$]e inhabitationem1 po/ea remissionem peccatorum74 ,s9ce !re=e ?is dogma ( ,osi&] is bo? false & p]nici\s to consci5ces1 x mu/ be %unn$ & damn$4 7,c4 ,r4 #g1 #gha2 #h1 #egi;ff47 ,9 ano!r essay1 ( ,septemb]1 #aeef1 sign$ also by ,melan*?on1 ! foll[+ propositions are reject$3 #a4 ,man becomes righte\s on acc\nt ( ! ess5tial righte\sness4 #b4 ,man becomes righte\s on acc\nt ( ! ess5tial righte\sness ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s4 #c4 ,man becomes righte\s be=e ,god on acc\nt ( ! indwell+ ( ,god4 #d4 ,righte\sness consi/s 9 ! indwell+ ( ,*ri/1 on acc\nt ( :i* ,god imputes righte\sness to u4444 #e4 ,nor mu/ "o say !re are two or m p>ts ( ju/ification3 fai?1 inhabitation1 good works1 etc4 ,= ju/ification be=e ,god is to receive =giv5ess ( s9s & to become acceptable to ,god on acc\nt ( ,*ri/4444 #f4 ,?is proposition1 too1 is false3 ,! reg5]ate aft] ! ,fall are righte\s 9 ! same mann] z ,adam 0 be=e ! ,fall1 namely1 n by imputation1 b by inhabitation or orig9al righte\sness4444 #h4 ,x is also false :5 "s say we are righte\s by fai?1 namely1 9 a prep>ative way 9 ord] aft]w>ds to be righte\s by ! ess5tial righte\sness4 ,at bottom ?is is ,popi% & de/ructive ( fai?4444 #i4 ,! foll[+ propositions mu/ be reject$ altoge!r3 ,! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/ is call$ righte\sness 9 a tropical s5se2 ,*ri/ ju/ifies accid5tally 7p] accid5s74 7,c4 ,r4 #h1 #efa;f42 #i1 #cl#i4 #dea4 #dee4 #deg47 #ahj4 ,osi&]'s ,views on ,image ( ,god4 ,osi&]'s corruption ( ! doctr9e ( ju/ification 0 closely connect$ ) 8 peculi> view conc]n+ ! image ( ,god 7! c5tral idea ( 8 entire sy/em71 ( :i*1 h[ev]1 he decl>$ t he did n consid] x ess5tial1 & w\ld n cont5d ) anybody ab\t x4 ,nor 7 ! que/ions involv$ disput$ to any ext5t or dealt ) 9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,z to ,osi&]1 h[ev]1 ! tra9 ( 8 ?\ghts runs z foll[s3-- ,! ,logos1 ! div9e ,^w1 is ! image ( ,god1 into :om ,8 entire ess5ce fl[s 9 a mann] & process et]nal4 ,9 a temporal & hi/orical way ! same image is de/9$ to be realiz$ 9 ! nature ( man4 ,div9e ess5tial righte\sness indwell+ & efficaci\s 9 humanity--su* 0 ! et]nal plan ( ,god4 ,= ! realization ( ?is purpose ! ,logos1 ,god's image1 0 to become man1 ev5 if ! human race %\ld n h fall54 ,?is 0 necess>y because 9 f9ite man !re is absolutely no simil>ity ) ! inf9ite ess5ce ( ! non-inc>nate ,logos4 ,)\t ! inc>nation1 !re=e1 ?is inf9ite dissimil>ity w\ld h rema9$ =ev] 7esset et man]et simplicit] inf9ita dissimilitudo int] hom9em et ,v]bum ,dei74 ,& 9 ord] t man might be capable ( ,god & %>e ,8 div9e nature 7capax ,dei et div9ae naturae consors71 ,god creat$ him accord+ to ,8 image2 i4e41 accord+ to ! idea ( ! inc>nate ,logos4 ,god =m$ ! body ( man1 said ,osi&]1 t x %\ld be altoge!r l unto ! future body ( ,*ri/4 ,!reupon ,he brea!d into x ! brea? ( life1 i4e41 a rational s\l toge!r ) ! human _s1 adorn$ ) ! prop] p[]s1 9 su* a mann] t x1 too1 %\ld be l unto ! future s\l ( ,*ri/ 9 ev]y?+4 7,frank #b1 #ajd47 ,9 ! inc>nate ,logos1 h[ev]1 accord+ to :om man 0 creat$1 humanity & div9ity are p]sonally unit$4 ,:5 ! ,^w 0 made fle%1 ! div9e ess5ce 0 imp>t$ to ,8 human nature4 ,& ,*ri/1 9 turn1 imp>ts ! same ess5ce to all :o by fai? are "o ) ,him4 ,f et]nity ! inc>nate ,^w 0 de/9$ to be ! head ( ! congregation 9 ord] t ! ess5tial righte\sness ( ,god might fl[ f ,him into ,8 body1 ! believ]s4 ,be=e ! ,fall ! ,son ( ,god dwell$ 9 ,adam1 mak+ him j by ,god's ess5tial righte\sness4 ,by ! ,fall ?is righte\sness 0 lo/4 ,h5ce ! r$emption & atonem5t ( ,*ri/ 7 requir$ 9 ord] aga9 to pave ! way = ! r5ewal ( ! lo/ image or ! indwell+ ( ,god's ess5tial righte\sness 9 man4 ,! real s\rce ( ?is righte\sness & div9e life 9 man1 h[ev]1 is n ! human1 b ! div9e nature ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ! process ( ju/ification or ( mak+ man righte\s1 ! human nature ( ,*ri/ m]ely s]ves z a m$ium1 or z x 71 a canal1 ?r\gh :i* ! et]nal ess5tial wisdom1 hol9ess1 & righte\sness ( ,*ri/'s div9e nature fl[s into our he>ts4 ,*ri/1 ! inn] ,^w 7,john #a71 says ,osi&]1 approa*es man 9 ! ext]nal ,^w 7! words spok5 by ,jesus & ,8 apo/les71 & ?r\gh x ent]s ! believ+ s\l4 ,= ?r\gh ,^w1 ,sacram5t1 & fai? we are unit$ ) ,8 humanity4 ,9 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 = in/ance1 we become ! fle% & blood ( ,*ri/1 j z we draw ! n\ri%m5t out ( natural food & trans=m x into our fle% & blood4 ,& s9ce ! humanity ( ,*ri/1 ) :i* we become "o 9 ! mann] describ$1 is p]sonally unit$ ) ! deity1 x imp>ts to u also ! div9e ess5ce1 &1 z a result1 we1 too1 are ! abode ( ! ess5tial righte\sness ( ,god4 ,we _c receive ! div9e nature f ,*ri/1 says ,osi&]1 if we are n embodi$ 9 ,him by fai? & ,baptism1 ?us becom+ fle% & blood & bone ( ,8 fle%1 blood1 & bone4 ,z ! bran*es c\ld n p>take ( ! nature ( ! v9e if !y 7 n ( ! wood ( ! v9e1 ev5 s we c\ld n %>e ! div9e nature ( ,*ri/ if we _h n1 incorporat$ 9 ,him by fai? & ,baptism1 become fle%1 blood1 & bone ( ,8 fle%1 blood1 & bone4 ,accord+ly1 z ,*ri/'s humanity became righte\s ?r\gh ! union ) ,god1 ! ess5tial righte\sness :i* mov$ ,him to ob$i5ce t[>d ,god1 ?us we also become righte\s ?r\gh our union ) ,*ri/ & 9 ,him ) ,god4 7,frank #b1 #ajd4 #bj;ff42 ,seeb]g #d1 #dig;f47 ,9 view ( su* speculative tea*+1 9 :i* ju/ification is trans=m$ into a sort ( my/ico-physical process1 x is n surpris+ t ! *>ge ( pan!ism 0 also rais$ aga9/ ,osi&]4 ,! !ologians ( ,br&5burg ass]t$ t he inf]r$ f 8 doctr9e t ! believ]s 9 ,*ri/ are also div9e p]sons1 because ! ,fa!r1 ,son & ,holy ,gho/ dwell 9 !m ess5tially4 ,b ,osi&] prote/$3 ,creatures we are & creatures we rema91 no matt] h[ wond]fully we are r5ew$2 b ! se$ ( ,god & ! entire div9e ess5ce :i* is 9 u by grace 9 ! same mann] z x is 9 ,*ri/ by nature & rema9s et]nally 9 u 7das also aus ,gnad5 9 uns i/ wie 9 ,*ri/o von ,natur und bleibt ewigli* 9 uns7 is ,god ,himself1 & no creature1 & w n become a creature 9 u or on acc\nt ( u b w et]nally rema9 9 u true ,god4 ,frank says conc]n+ ! doctr9e ( ,osi&]3 ,x is n pan!ism or a mixture ( ! div9e & human nature1 b x is a subjectivism by :i* ! objective f\ndation ( salvation z taught by ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* is r5t to ! v bottom4 ,x is a my/icism :i* trans=ms ! ,*ri/ = u into ! ,*ri/ 9 u1 &1 ?\gh un9t5tionally1 makes ! consci\sness ( ! inhabitatio ess5tialis iu/itiae 7indwell+ ( ! ess5tial righte\sness7 ! basis ( peace ) ,god4 7#b1 #ai4 #aj4 #ac4 #ie4 #ajc47 ,9 8 tea*+ conc]n+ ! image ( ,god & ju/ification1 ,osi&] replac$ ! com=t+ doctr9e ( ! ,bible conc]n+ ! sub/itution>y & aton+ "w ( ,*ri/ 9 ,8 active & passive ob$i5ce unto dea? ) va9 philosophical speculations conc]n+ div9ity & humanity or ! two natures ( ,*ri/4 ,x 0 n s v f> beside ! m>k1 !re=e1 :5 ,ju/us ,m5ius *>acteiz$ 8 !ory z a new al*mi/ic !ology4 7,planck #d1 #beg47 #aha4 ,error ( ,/anc>us4 ,! ,/anc>ian dispute 0 incid5tal to ! ,osi&ric conflict4 ,its au?or 0 ,francesco ,/anc>o 7born 9 ,mantua1 #aeja71 an ,italian ex-prie/1 :o _h emigrat$ f ,italy on acc\nt ( 8 ,prote/ant views4 ,va91 op9ionat$1 haughty1 /ubborn1 & insol5t z he 01 he roam$ ab\t1 creat+ tr\ble :]ev] he appe>$1 fir/ 9 ,crac[ z pr(essor ( ,hebrew1 #aeea 9 ,ko5igsb]g !n 9 ,frank=t-on-!-,od]1 next at v>i\s places 9 ,pol&1 ,hung>y1 & ,transylvania4 ,he di$ at ,/obnitz1 ,pol&1 ,novemb] #ab1 #aegd4 ,/anc>us treat$ all ( 8 oppon5ts z ignoramuses & spoke contemptu\sly ( ,lu!r & ,melan*?on1 br&+ ! latt] z an anti*ri/4 ,9 ,ko5igsb]g he imm$iately felt call$ ^u to int]f]e 9 ! controv]sy :i* _h j fl>$ up4 ,he oppos$ ,osi&] 9 a fanatical mann]1 decl>+ him to be ! p]sonal anti*ri/4 ,! oppon5ts ( ,osi&] at ,ko5igsb]g h[ev]1 7 n elat$ ov] 8 comrade%ip1 p>ticul>ly because he fell into an opposite error4 ,!y 7 glad :5 he resign$ & left = ,frank=t ! same ye> he _h arriv$ at ,ko5igsb]g4 ,9 ,frank=t1 ,/anc>us cont9u$ ! controv]sy1 publi%+1 #aeeb1 8 ,apology aga9/ ,osi&]--,apologia contra ,osi&rum4 ,b he 0 ignor$ r ?an oppos$ by ! ,lu!ran !ologians4 ,9 #aeec ,melan*?on wrote 8 ,answ] 7,responsio7 ,conc]n+ ,/anc>'s ,controv]sy4 ,lat] on1 #aefa1 :5 ,/anc>us 0 spread+ 8 errors 9 ,pol&1 ,hung>y1 & ,transylvania1 ,calv9 & ! m9i/]s ( ,zuri* also wrote aga9/ him4 ,! *ief publication 9 :i* ,/anc>us set =? & def5d$ 8 views appe>$ #aefb1 at ,crac[1 "u ! title3 ,conc]n+ ! ,tr9ity 7,de ,tr9itate7 & ! ,m$iator1 ,our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,z late z #aehe ,wig& publi%$ 8 book ,conc]n+ ,/anc>ism--,de ,/anc>ismo4 ,/anc>us _h be5 tra9$ 9 s*ola/ic !ology & 0 a great admir] ( ,pet] ,lomb>d4 ,9 8 book ,de ,tr9itate et ,m$iatore he says3 ,"o ,pet] ,lomb>d is wor? m ?an a hundr$ ,lu!rs1 two hundr$ ,melan*?ons1 ?ree hundr$ ,bull+]s1 f\r hundr$ ,pet] ,m>tyrs1 five hundr$ ,calv9s out ( :om1 if !y 7 all bray$ 9 a mort>1 n "o drop ( true !ology w\ld be squeez$4 ,plus valet unus ,petrus ,lomb>dus quam c5tum ,lu!ri1 duc5ti ,melan*?ones1 trec5ti ,bull+]i1 quadr+5ti ,petri ,m>tyres et qu+5ti ,calv9i1 qui omnes1 si 9 mort>io contund]5tur1 non exprim]etur una mica v]ae !ologiae4 7,j4 ,g4 ,wal*1 ,religions/reitigkeit5 #d1 #agg47 ,conc]n+ ,*ri/'s ob$i5ce ,pet] ,lomb>d taught3 ,*ri/us ,m$iator dicitur secundum humanitatem1 non secundum div9itatem4444 ,m$iator e/ ergo1 9 quantum homo1 et non 9 quantum ,deus4 ,*ri/ is call$ ,m$iator accord+ to ,8 humanity1 n accord+ to ,8 div9ity4444 ,he is !re=e ,m$iator inasmu* z ,he is man1 & n inasmu* z ,he is ,god4 7,planck #d1 #dea2 ,seeb]g #d1 #ejg47 ,9 accordance ) ?is tea*+1 ,/anc>us ma9ta9$1 9 po9t$ opposition to ,osi&]1 t ,*ri/ is our ,righte\sness only accord+ to ,8 human nature1 & n accord+ to ,8 div9e nature4 ,! div9e nature ( ,*ri/1 ,/anc>us decl>$ mu/ be exclud$ f ! (fice ( ,*ri/'s m$iation & prie/hood2 = if ,god ! ,son 7 ,m$iator & w\ld d some?+ :i* ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,_s c\ld n d1 !n ,he w\ld h a w & an op]ation & h5ce also a nature & ess5ce diff]5t f t ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,_s4 ,he wrote3 ,*ri/1 ,god & man1 is ,m$iator & ,r$eem] only accord+ to ! o!r nature1 namely1 ! human1 n accord+ to ! div9e2 ,*ri/ made satisfaction = u accord+ to ,8 human nature1 b n accord+ to ,8 div9e nature2 accord+ to ,8 div9e nature ,*ri/ 0 n "u ! ,law1 0 n ob$i5t unto dea?1 etc4 7,frank #b1 #aaa47 ,/anc>us argu$3 ,*ri/ is "o ,god ) ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,_s4 ,ap>t f ! ?ree p]sonal prop]ties ( 'pat]nitas1 filiatio1 & spiratio passiva' ! ?ree div9e p]sons are absolutely id5tical 9 _! be+ & op]ation4 ,_! "w is ! s5d+ ( ! ,m$iator1 ^: div9e nature itself1 9 an active way1 p>ticipates 9 ?is s5d+2 h5ce only ! human nature ( ! ,god-man is s5t1 & only ! human nature ( ! ,m$iator acts 9 a reconcil+ way4 ,m5 are reconcil$ by ,*ri/'s dea? on ! cross2 b ! blood %$ on ! cross & dea? are peculi> to ! human nature1 n to ! div9e nature2 h5ce we are reconcil$ by ! human nature ( ,*ri/ only1 & n by ,8 div9e nature 7ergo p] naturam humanam ,*ri/i tantum sumus reconciliati et non p] div9am74 7,s*luesselburg #i1 #baf;ff47 ,consi/5tly1 ! ,/anc>ian doctr9e de/roys bo? ! unity ( ! p]son ( ,*ri/ & ! suffici5cy ( ,8 atonem5t4 ,x n only corrupts ! doctr9e ( ! inf9ite & truly r$eem+ value ( ! ob$i5ce ( ! ,god-man1 b also d5ies ! p]sonal union ( ! div9e & human natures 9 ,*ri/4 ,= if ! div9e nature is exclud$ f ! "w ( ,*ri/1 !n x mu/ be exclud$ also f ,8 p]son1 s9ce works are always acts ( a p]son4 ,& if x 0 a m]e human nature t di$ = u1 !n ! price ( our r$emption is altoge!r inadequate1 & we are n r$eem$1 z ,lu!r s e>ne/ly emphasiz$ aga9/ ,zw+li4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #ajbh1 #dd47 ,true1 ,/anc>us prote/$3 ,*ri/ is ,m$iator accord+ to ! human nature only2 ?is exclusive 'only' does n exclude ! div9e nature f ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 b f ,8 (fice z ,m$iator4 7,frank #b1 #aaa47 ,h[ev]1 j ?is 0 ,lu!r's cont5tion1 t ,*ri/ is our ,m$iator also accord+ to ,8 div9e nature1 & t ! d5ial ( ?is tru? bo? invalidates ,8 satisfaction & divides ,8 p]son4 ,! ,?ird ,article ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 !re=e1 rejects ! error ( ,/anc>us z well z t ( ,osi&]4 ,aga9/ ! latt] x ma9ta9s t ! active & passive ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/ is our righte\sness be=e ,god3 & ov] aga9/ ! =m]1 t ?is ob$i5ce 0 ! act ( ! entire p]son ( ,*ri/1 & n ( ,8 human nature alone4 ,we read3 ,9 opposition to bo? ^! p>ties ,osi&] & ,/anc>us x has be5 unanim\sly taught by ! o!r tea*]s ( ! ,augsburg ,confession t ,*ri/ is our ,righte\sness n accord+ to ,8 div9e nature alone1 nor accord+ to ,8 human nature alone1 b accord+ to bo? natures2 = ,he has r$eem$1 ju/ifi$1 & sav$ u f our s9s z ,god & man1 ?r\gh ,8 complete ob$i5ce2 t !re=e ! righte\sness ( fai? is ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 reconciliation ) ,god1 & our adoption z ,god's *ildr5 only on acc\nt ( ! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/1 :i* ?r\gh fai? alone1 out ( pure grace is imput$ = righte\sness to all true believ]s1 & on acc\nt ( x !y are absolv$ f all _! unrighte\sness4 7#iag1 #d47 #ahb4 ,deviations ( ,p>simoni\s & ,hamburg ,m9i/]s4 ,9 #aefc a collat]al controv]sy conc]n+ ! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/ 0 rais$ by ,p>simonius 7,george ,k>g74 ,he 0 born #aeab2 /udi$ "u ,lu!r 9 ,witt5b]g2 #aedg he became pa/or 9 ,s*waba*1 & #aeef sup]9t5d5t 9 ,ansba*2 #aefc he 0 depos$ because ( errone\s !ses publi%$ 9 t ye>2 he 0 oppos$ by ,hes%usius & ,ketzmann 9 ,ansba*2 #aegj1 hav+ discuss$ 8 diff]5ce ) ! !ologians 9 ,witt5b]g1 ,k>g retract$ & 0 re/or$ to 8 (fice2 he di$ #aegf4 ,9 8 !ses on ju/ification ,p>simonius deviat$ f ! ,lu!ran doctr9e by tea*+ t ,*ri/ r$eem$ u by ,8 passive ob$i5ce only1 & by d5y+ t ,8 active ob$i5ce _h any vic>i\s m]it1 s9ce z man ,he ,himself ow$ su* ob$i5ce to ! ,law ( ,god1--a view aft]w>ds def5d$ also by su* ,re=m$ div9es z ,john ,piscator1 ,john ,cam]o1 & p]haps ,urs9us4 7,s*aff #a1 #bgd47 ,ov] aga9/ ?is error ! ,=mula ( ,concord expla9s & decl>es3 ,!re=e ! righte\sness :i* is imput$ to fai? or to ! believ] out ( pure grace is ! ob$i5ce suff]+1 & resurrection ( ,*ri/1 s9ce ,he has made satisfaction = u to ! ,law1 & paid = our s9s4 ,= s9ce ,*ri/ is n man alone1 b ,god & man 9 "o undivid$ p]son1 ,he 0 z little subject to ! ,law 7because ,he is ! ,"l ( ! ,law7 z ,he _h to suff] & die z f> z ,8 p]son is conc]n$4 ,= ?is reason1 !n1 ,8 ob$i5ce1 n only 9 suff]+ & dy+1 b also 9 ?is1 t ,he 9 our /ead 0 volunt>ily made "u ! ,law & fulfill$ x by ?is ob$i5ce1 is imput$ to u = righte\sness1 s t1 on acc\nt ( ?is complete ob$i5ce :i* ,he r5d]$ ,8 heav5ly ,fa!r = u1 by do+ & suff]+1 9 liv+ & dy+1 ,god =gives our s9s1 reg>ds u z godly & righte\s1 & et]nally saves u4 7#iai1 #af47-- ,9 _! zeal\s opposition to ! doctr9e ( ,osi&] accord+ to :i* ! indwell+ ess5tial hol9ess ( ! div9e nature ( ,*ri/ is our righte\sness be=e ,god1 also ! ,hamburg m9i/]s w5t a /ep too f> 9 ! opposite direction4 ,!y d5i$1 or at any rate seem$ to d5y1 ! indwell+ ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity z su* 9 believ]s4 ,9 _! ,response 7,responsio7 ( #aeeb !y decl>$3 ,god is said to dwell :]e ,he is pres5t by ,8 grace & b5evol5ce1 :]e ,he gives ! ,^w ( ,8 grace1 & reveals ,8 promises conc]n+ ,8 m]cy & ! remission ( s9s1 :]e ,he works by ,8 ,_s1 etc4 7,frank #b1 #ajg47 ,aga93 ,t ,8 indwell+ p]ta9s to ,8 efficacy & op]ation appe>s f _m passages :i* describe )\t a figure ! efficacy & op]ation ( ,*ri/ & ( ! ,holy ,_s dwell+ 9 believ]s4 ,! dwell+ ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 believ]s signifies t !y are l$ by ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,b x _c be prov$ by ! ,scripture t ! fulness ( ,god dwells bodily 9 u z x dwells 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,! inhabitation ( ,god 9 u is a matt] ( grace1 n ( nature2 ( gift1 n ( prop]ty4 7#ajg47 ,9 #aeea ,melan*?on _h writt53 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ,god dwells 9 our he>ts1 n only 9 su* a mann] t ,he !re is efficaci\s1 ?\gh n pres5t ) ,8 own ess5ce1 b t ,he is bo? pres5t & efficaci\s4 ,a p]sonal union1 h[ev]1 does n take place 9 u1 b ,god is pres5t 9 u 9 a sep>able mann] z 9 a sep>able domicile4 7,c4 ,r4 #g1 #gha47 ,?is 0 ! view ( ! ,lu!ran !ologians g5]ally4 ,article ,,iii ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 too1 is emphatic 9 disav[+ a p]sonal union ( ! deity & humanity 9 believ]s1 z well z 9 ass]t+ t ,god ,himself1 n m]ely ,8 gifts1 dwell 9 ,*ri/ians4 7#ice1 #ed2 #icg1 #fe47 ,9 addition to ! ab]rations enum]at$1 ,article ,,iii rejects also "s ( ! ,roman & ! ,romaniz+ errors conc]n+ ju/ification 9 ! ,leipzig ,int]im1 & "s views ent]ta9$ by ,majori/s :i* are ext5sively & ex pr(esso dealt ) 9 ,article ,,iv4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #iag1 #e47 ,,xvii4 ,! ,ant9omi/ic ,controv]sy4 #ahc4 ,di/9ction betwe5 ,law & ,gospel ( ,p>am\nt ,import4 ,zw+li1 :o 0 a morali/ & a ,humani/ r ?an a truly evangelical re=m]1 taught3 ,9 itself ! ,law is no?+ else ?an a ,gospel2 t is1 a good1 c]ta9 message f ,god by means ( :i* ,he in/ructs u conc]n+ ,8 w4 7,frank #b1 #cab47 ,:ile ,zw+li ?us practically id5tifi$ ,law & ,gospel1 ,lu!r1 ?r\gh\t 8 life1 held t ! diff]5ce betwe5 bo? is z great z t betwe5 life & dea? or ! m]its ( ,*ri/ & our own s9ful works2 & t no "o c be a true m9i/] ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* :o is unable prop]ly to di/+ui% & apply !m4 ,=1 accord+ to ,lu!r1 a comm+l+ ( ! ,law & ! ,gospel necess>ily leads to a corruption ( ! doctr9e ( ju/ification1 ! v he>t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,& z bo? mu/ be c>efully di/+ui%$1 s bo? mu/ also be upheld & prea*$ 9 ! ,*ur*2 = ! ,gospel presupposes ! ,law & is r5d]$ mean+less )\t x4 ,:]ev] ! ,law is despis$1 disp>ag$1 & corrupt$1 ! ,gospel1 too1 _c be kept intact4 ,:5ev] ! ,law is assail$1 ev5 if ?is be done 9 ! "n ( ! ,gospel1 ! latt] is1 9 reality1 hit h>d] ?an ! =m]4 ,! cocoon ( ant9omianism always bur/s into antigospelism4 ,majorism1 ! m+l+ ( sanctification & ju/ification1 & syn]gism1 ! m+l+ ( nature & grace1 7 b veil$ ef=ts to op5 once m ! doors ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* to ! ,roman "w-righte\sness1 :i* ,lu!r _h expell$4 ,! same is true ( ant9omianism 9 all its =ms4 ,x am\nts to no?+ less ?an apo/asy f true ,evangelicalism & a return to ,romanism4 ,:5 ,lu!r oppos$ ,agricola1 ! fa!r ( ! ,ant9omians 9 ! days ( ! ,re=mation1 he did s ) ! cle> k t ! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ) its doctr9e ( ju/ification by grace & fai? alone 0 at /ake & 9 ne$ ( def5se4 ,by ^! spirits1 said he1 ! devil does n int5d to rob u ( ! ,law1 b ( ,*ri/1 :o fulfill$ ! ,law4 7,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #afad2 ,piep]1 ,dogm4 #c1 #bgi2 ,frank #b1 #bfh4 #cbe47 ,) ! same int]e/ 9 view1 to save ! ,gospel f corruption1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord opposes ant9omianism & urges t ! di/9ction betwe5 ! ,law & ! ,gospel be c>efully pres]v$4 ,! op5+ p>agraph ( ,article ,v1 ,( ! ,law & ! ,gospel1 reads3 ,z ! di/9ction betwe5 ! ,law & ,gospel is a special brilliant light :i* s]ves to ! end t ,god's ,^w may be rightly divid$1 & ! ,scriptures ( ! holy prophets & apo/les may be prop]ly expla9$ & und]/ood1 we mu/ gu>d x ) especial c>e1 9 ord] t ^! two doctr9es may n be m+l$ ) "o ano!r1 or a ,law be made out ( ! ,gospel1 :]eby ! m]it ( ,*ri/ is obscur$ & tr\bl$ consci5ces are robb$ ( _! com=t1 :i* !y o!rwise h 9 ! holy ,gospel :5 x is prea*$ g5u9ely & 9 its purity1 & by :i* !y c support !mselves 9 _! mo/ griev\s trials aga9/ ! t]rors ( ! ,law4 7#iea1 #a47 ,! conclud+ p>agraph ( ?is article decl>es t ! prop] di/9ction betwe5 ! ,law & ! ,gospel mu/ be pres]v$1 9 ord] t bo? doctr9es1 t ( ! ,law & t ( ! ,gospel1 be n m+l$ & conf\nd$ ) "o ano!r1 & :at belongs to ! "o may n be ascrib$ to ! o!r1 :]eby ! m]it & b5efits ( ,*ri/ are easily obscur$ & ! ,gospel is aga9 turn$ into a doctr9e ( ! ,law1 z has occurr$ 9 ! ,papacy1 & ?us ,*ri/ians are depriv$ ( ! true com=t :i* !y h 9 ! ,gospel aga9/ ! t]rors ( ! ,law1 & ! door is aga9 op5$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god to ! ,papacy4 7#ifa1 #bg47 ,! bless$ ,gospel1 our only com=t & consolation aga9/ ! t]rors ( ! ,law1 w be corrupt$ :]ev] ! ,law & ! ,gospel are n prop]ly di/+ui%$1--su*1 !n1 0 ! view also ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,articles ,v & ,,vi ( ! ,=mula treat & dispose ( ! issues rais$ by ! ,ant9omians4 ,9 bo? ,lu!r's doctr9e is ma9ta9$ & reaffirm$4 ,article ,v1 ,( ! ,law & ,gospel1 tea*es t1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! t]m1 ev]y?+ is ,law t reveals & rebukes s91 ! s9 ( unbelief 9 ,*ri/ & ! ,gospel includ$2 t ,gospel1 9 ! prop] & n>r[ s5se1 is no?+ b a proclamation & prea*+ ( grace & =giv5ess ( s91 t1 accord+ly1 ! ,law z well z ! ,gospel are ne$$ & mu/ be reta9$ & prea*$ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,?is 0 precisely :at ,lu!r _h taught4 ,9 "o ( 8 !ses aga9/ ,agricola he says3 ,:atev] discloses s91 wra?1 or dea? ex]cises ! (fice ( ! ,law2 ,law & ! disclos+ ( s9 or ! revelation ( wra? are conv]tible t]ms4 ,quidquid o/5dit peccatum1 iram seu mortem1 id ex]cet (ficium legis2 lex et o/5sio peccati seu revelatio irae sunt t]m9i conv]tibiles4 ,article ,,vi ,( ! ,?ird ,use ( ! ,law1 tea*es t al?\gh ,*ri/ians1 9 z f> z !y are reg5]ate1 d ! w ( ,god spontane\sly1 ! ,law mu/ nev]!less be prea*$ to !m on acc\nt ( _! ,old ,adam1 n only z a mirror reveal+ _! s9s & z a *eck on ! lu/s ( ! fle%1 b also z a rule ( _! lives4 ,?is1 too1 is precisely :at ,lu!r _h ma9ta9$ aga9/ ,agricola3 ,! ,law1 said he1 mu/ be reta9$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 t ! sa9ts may "k :i* are ! works ,god requires4 7,drews1 ,disputation5 ,dr4 ,m>t9 ,lu!rs1 #dah2 ,h]zog ,r4 ,i1 #ehh2 ,frank #b1 #bgb2 ,ts*ack]t1 #dhb47 #ahd4 ,agricola ,bre$+ ,tr\ble4 ,9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* ant9omianism appe>$ 9 a d\ble =m3 "o *iefly be=e ! o!r aft] ! dea? ( ,lu!r4 ,! fir/ ( ^! conflicts 0 orig9at$ by ,agricola :o spoke mo/ contemptu\sly & disp>ag+ly ( ! ,law ( ,god1 tea*+1 9 p>ticul>1 t true k ( s9 & g5u9e contrition is produc$1 n by ! ,law1 b by ! ,gospel only1 & t h5ce !re is 9 ! ,*ur* no use :atev] = ! ,law ( ,god4 ,aft] ,lu!r's dea? simil> ant9omi/ic errors 7 ent]ta9$ & def5d$ by ! ,philippi/s 9 ,witt5b]g1 :o ma9ta9$ t ! s9 ( unbelief is rebuk$ n by ! ,law1 b by ! ,gospel4 ,poa*1 ,otto1 & o!rs d5i$ t1 ) respect to good works1 ! ,law 0 ( any s]vice :atev] to ,*ri/ians aft] _! conv]sion4 ,b>r+ ,c>l/adt & simil> spirits1 ,john ,agricola 7,s*nitt]1 ,korns*neid]1 ,magi/] ,islebius--,lu!r call$ him ,grickel7 0 ! fir/ to /rike a discordant note & bre$ tr\ble )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,born ,april #bj1 #adib1 at ,eisleb51 he /udi$ at ,leipzig1 & f #aeae to #aeaf at ,witt5b]g4 ,"h he became an en?usia/ic adh]5t & a close fri5d ( ,lu!r & also ( ,melan*?on1 aft] ! latt]'s arrival 9 #aeah4 ,9 #aeci ,lu!r himself decl>$ t ,agricola _h be5 "o ( 8 be/ & close/ fri5ds4 7,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #afab47 ,9 #aeai he accompani$ bo? to ! great debate 9 ,leipzig4 ,9 #aebe he became tea*] ( ! ,lat9 s*ool & ?\gh nev] orda9$1 pa/or ( ! *ur* 9 ,eisleb54 ,be+ a speak] ( "s r5[n he 0 frequ5tly engag$ by ! ,elector ( ,saxony1 especially on 8 j\rneys--to ,spey] #aebf & #aebi1 to ,augsburg #aecj1 to ,vi5na #aece4 ,at ,eisleb51 ,agricola 0 active also 9 a lit]>y way1 publi%+ s]mons1 a cate*ism1 &1 #aebf1 a fam\s collection ( #cjj ,g]man prov]bs 7! ,witt5b]g edition ( #aeib conta9s #gej prov]bs74 ,:5 ! new !ological pr(essor%ip creat$ #aebf at ,witt5b]g 0 giv5 to ,melan*?on1 ,agricola felt slight$ & mu* disappo9t$4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> he made 8 fir/ ant9omian attack ^u ,melan*?on4 ,! dispute 0 settl$ by ,lu!r1 b only = a "t4 ,9 #aecf ,agricola1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,lu!r 7^: hospitality also he & 8 l>ge family on _! arrival 9 ,witt5b]g enjoy$ = m ?an six weeks71 receiv$ an appo9tm5t at ! univ]sity4 ,he rew>d$ 8 g5]\s fri5d ) intrigues & repeat$ r5ewals ( ! ant9omian qu>rels1 n[ direct+ 8 attacks also aga9/ 8 b5efactor4 ,by #aedj matt]s _h come to su* a pass t ! ,elector felt con/ra9$ to in/itute a =mal trial aga9/ ! secret plott]1 :i* ,agricola escap$ only by accept+ a call ( ,joa*im ,,ii z c\rtprea*] & sup]9t5d5t at ,b]l94 ,aft] ,lu!r's dea?1 ,agricola1 z describ$ 9 a prec$+ *apt]1 degrad$ & discr$it$ himself by help+ ,pflug & ,sidonius to prep>e ! ,augsburg ,int]im 7#aedg71 & by endeavor+ to en=ce ?is infam\s docum5t 9 ,br&5burg4 ,he di$ ,septemb] #bb1 #aeff4 ,vanity1 ambition1 conceit1 ins9c]ity1 impud5ce1 arrogance1 & ungratefulness 7 ! out/&+ traits ( ,agricola's "*4 ,lu!r said t ,agricola1 swell$ ) vanity & ambition1 0 m vexati\s to him ?an any pope2 t he 0 fit only = ! pr(ession ( a je/]1 etc4 ,decemb] #f1 #aedj1 ,lu!r wrote to ,jacob ,/ratn]1 c\rtprea*] 9 ,b]l93 ,ma/] ,grickel is n1 nor ev] w be1 ! man t he may appe>1 or ! ,m>grave may consid] him to be4 ,= if y wi% to "k :at vanity itself is y c recognize x 9 no sur] image ?an t ( ,eisleb54 ,si enim velis scire1 quidnam ipsa vanitas sit1 nulla c]tiore imag9e cognosces quam ,islebii4 7,/4 ,l4 #ba;b1 #becf47 ,flacius reports t %ortly be=e ,lu!r's dea?1 :5 "s endeavor$ to excuse ,agricola1 ! =m] answ]$ angrily3 ,:y endeavor to excuse ,eisleb58 ,eisleb5 is incit$ by ! devil1 :o has tak5 possession ( him entirely4 ,y w see :at a /ir he w make aft] my dea?6 ,ihr w]det wohl erfahr51 0 er na* me9em ,tod fu] e95 ,la]m wird anri*t56 7,preg] #a1 #aai47 #ahe4 ,agricola's ,conflict ) ,melan*?on4 ,! ant9omian views t rep5tance 7contrition7 is n wr\ght by ! ,law1 b by ! ,gospel1 & t h5ce !re is no room = ! ,law & its prea*+ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 7 utt]$ by ,agricola z e>ly z #aebe4 ,9 8 ,annotations to ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,luke ( t ye> he _h writt53 ,! ,decalog belongs 9 ! c\r?\se1 n 9 ! pulpit4 ,all ^? :o are occupi$ ) ,moses are b\nd to g to ! devil4 ,to ! gall[s ) ,moses6 7,ts*ack]t #dha2 ,h]zog ,r4 #a1 #fhh2 ,e4 #d1 #dbc47 ,! public dispute began two ye>s lat] :5 ,agricola criticiz$ ,melan*?on because 9 ! latt]'s ,in/ructions to ! ,visitors ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,saxony 7,articles ( ,visitation1 ,articuli1 de quibus ,eg]unt p] ,visitatores 9 ,regione ,saxionae1 #aebg7 ! m9i/]s 7 urg$ fir/ to prea* ! ,law to _! spiritually call\s p 9 ord] to produce rep5tance 7contrition71 & ?us to prep>e !m = sav+ fai? 9 ! ,gospel ! only s\rce ( truly good works4 ,melan*?on _h writt53 ,pa/ors mu/ foll[ ! example ( ,*ri/4 ,s9ce ,he taught rep5tance & remission ( s9s1 pa/ors also mu/ tea* ^! to _! *ur*es4 ,at pres5t x is common to vocif]ate conc]n+ fai?1 & yet "o _c und]/& :at fai? is1 unless rep5tance is prea*$4 ,pla9ly !y p\r new w9e into old bottles :o prea* fai? )\t rep5tance1 )\t ! doctr9e ( ! fe> ( ,god1 )\t ! doctr9e ( ! ,law1 & accu/om ! p to a c]ta9 c>nal security1 :i* is worse ?an all =m] errors "u ! ,pope h be54 7,c4 ,r4 #bf1 #i47 ,agricola consid]$ ^! & simil> exhortations ( ,melan*?on unfri5dly & ,romaniz+1 & publi%$ 8 diss5t 9 8 #acj ,que/ions = ,"y ,*ildr51 :]e he display$ a %ock+ contempt = ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,law ( ,god4 ,9 p>ticul>1 he /ress$ ! doctr9e t g5u9e rep5tance 7contrition7 is wr\ght1 n by ! ,law1 b by ! ,gospel only4 ,9 lett]s to 8 fri5ds1 ,agricola at ! same "t *>g$ ,melan*?on ) corrupt+ ! evangelical doctr9e4 7,frank #b1 #beb47 ,at a meet+ held at ,torgau1 ,novemb] #bf to #bh1 #aebg1 ! diff]5ces 7 discuss$ by ,agricola & ,melan*?on 9 ! pres5ce ( ,lu!r & ,bug5hag54 ,! exact issue 03 ,does fai? presuppose contrition8 ,melan*?on affirm$ ! "q1 & ,agricola d5i$ x4 ,lu!r f9ally effect$ an agreem5t by di/+ui%+ betwe5 g5]al & ju/ify+ fai?1 & by expla9+ t rep5tance 7contrition71 inde$1 presupposes a g5]al fai? 9 ,god1 b t ju/ify+ fai? presupposes ! t]rors ( consci5ce 7contrition7 wr\ght by ! ,law4 ,8 decision ran t ! t]m fai? %\ld be appli$ to ju/ify+ fai? :i* consoles u 9 ^! t]rors produc$ by ! ?reats ( ! ,law b t ! ^w rep5tance correctly includes a g5]al fai?1 viz41 t !re is a ,god :o ?reat5s transgressors1 etc4 7,c4 ,r4 #a1 #iaf47 ,9 agreem5t h]e) ,melan*?on wrote 9 ! ,g]man ,unt]ri*t d] ,visitator51 publi%$ #aebh at ,witt5b]g1 t1 9 ! wid] & m g5]al s5se1 ! t]m fai? embraces contrition & ! ,law1 b t 9 ! int]e/ ( ! common p ! ^w fai? %\ld be res]v$ = ! special ,*ri/ian or ju/ify+ fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,we read3 ,d5n wiewohl etli*e a*t51 man solle ni*ts lehr5 vor dem ,glaub51 sond]n die ,busse aus und na* dem ,glaub5 folg5d lehr51 auf dass die ,wid]sa*] ,papi/5 ni*t sag5 moeg51 man wid]rufe uns]e vorige ,lehre1 s i/ ab] do* anzuseh51 weil dass die ,busse und ,gesetz au* zu dem geme95 ,glaub5 geho]54 ,d5n man muss ja zuvor glaub51 dass ,gott sei1 d] da drohe1 gebiete1 s*recke usw4 ,s sei es fu] d5 geme951 grob5 ,mann1 dass man sol*e ,/uecke des ,glaub5s lasse bleib5 unt] dem ,nam5 ,busse1 ,gebot1 ,gesetz1 ,fur*t usw41 auf dass sie de/o unt]s*i$li*] d5 ,glaub5 ,*ri/i v]/eh51 wel*5 die ,apo/el iu/ificantem fidem1 das i/1 d] da g]e*t ma*t und ,su5de v]tilgt1 n5n51 wel*es d] ,glaube von dem ,gebot und ,busse ni*t tut und do* d] geme9e ,mann ueb] dem ,wort ,glaub5 irre wird und ,frag5 aufbr+t ohne ,nutz54 7,c4 ,r4 #bf1 #ea;f47 #ahf4 ,lu!r's ,fir/ ,disputation aga9/ ! ,ant9omians4 ,at ,witt5b]g1 9 #aecg1 ,agricola r5ew$ 8 ant9omianism by secretly & anonym\sly circulat+ a numb] ( propositions 7,positiones int] ,fratres ,sp>sae7 direct$ aga9/ bo? ,lu!r & ,melan*?on1 :om he br&$ z contortors ( ! words ( ,*ri/1 urg+ all to resi/ !m 9 ord] to pres]ve ! pure doctr9e4 ,quotations f ,lu!r & ,melan*?on 7 app5d$ to ! !ses 9 ord] to %[ t _! tea*+ conc]n+ ! mode ( ju/ification 7modus iu/ificationis7 0 sometimes pure1 sometimes impure4 ,agricola wrote3 ,impure among ! /atem5ts ( ,melan*?on & ,lu!r are3 #a4 ,9 ! ,saxon ,visitation3 ',s9ce ,*ri/ comm&s t rep5tance & remission ( s9s is to be prea*$ 9 ,8 "n1 h5ce ! ,decalog is to be taught1' #b4 ,aga9 444 ',z ! ,gospel !re=e tea*es t ! ,law has be5 giv5 to humiliate u1 9 ord] t we may seek ,*ri/1' etc4 #c4 ,9 8 ,comm5t>y on ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians ,lu!r says t x is ! (fice ( ! ,law to torm5t & to t]rify ! consci5ce1 t x may "k ,*ri/ m readily4 ,_m simil> passages are f\nd 9 ?is comm5t>y1 :i* we reject z false1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! purity ( ! doctr9e4 7,e41 v4 a4 #d1 #dbb;f42 ,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #afbg47 ,lu!r answ]$ by publi%+1 ,decemb] #a1 #aecg1 ! !ses ( ,agricola toge!r ) ,o!r ,ant9omian ,articles 7,alii ,articuli ,ant9omi71 compil$ f writt5 & v]bal expressions ( ,agricola & 8 foll[]s4 ,9 8 introductory rem>ks ,lu!r n only dis[n$ & emphatically condemn$ 7nos ab eiusmodi port5tis prorsus abhorr]e7 ,agricola's ,positiones int] ,fratres ,sp>sae1 b also ann\nc$ a numb] ( disputations aga9/ ant9omianism4 7,e4 #d1 #dbj47 ,! fir/ 0 held ,decemb] #ah1 #aecg1 9 :i* ,lu!r ma9ta9$3 ,contrition is wr\ght by ! prea*+ ( ! ,law2 b a man is able to make a good resolution & to hate s9 out ( love t[>d ,god only aft] ! ,gospel has com=t$ 8 al>m$ consci5ce4 ,foll[+ are "s ( ! #ci !ses discuss$ by ,lu!r 9 8 fir/ disputation aga9/ ! ,ant9omians3 #d4 ,! fir/ "p ( rep5tance1 contrition1 is wr\ght by ! ,law alone4 ,! o!r "p1 ! good purpose1 _c be wr\ght by ! ,law4 #bd4 ,& !y ! ,ant9omians tea* p]nici\sly t ! ,law ( ,god is simply to be remov$ f ! *ur*1 :i* is blasphem\s & sacrilegi\s4 #be4 ,= ! entire ,scripture tea*es t rep5tance mu/ beg9 f ! ,law1 :i* also ! ord] ( ! matt] itself z well z exp]i5ce %[s4 #ca4 ,necess>ily1 !n1 s9 & dea? _c be reveal$ by ! ,^w ( ,grace & ,solace1 b by ! ,law4 #cb4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es t ,adam is fir/ reprov$ z a transgressor ( ! ,law & aft]w>ds *e]$ by ! promis$ ,se$ ( ! woman4 #cc4 ,also ,david is fir/ kill$ by ! ,law ?r\gh ,na?an1 say+3 ',?\ art ! man1' etc4--aft]w>ds he is sav$ by ! ,gospel1 decl>+3 ',?\ %alt n die1' etc4 #b ,sam4 #ab1 #g4 #ac4 #cd4 ,paul1 pro/rat$ by ! ,law1 fir/ he>s3 ',:y p]secute/ ?\ ,me8' ,aft]w>ds he is reviv$ by ! ,gospel3 ',arise1' etc4 ,acts #i1 #d4 #f4 #ce4 ,& ,*ri/ ,himself says1 ,m>k #a1 #ae3 ',rep5t ye & believe ! ,gospel1 = ! k+dom ( ,god is at h&4' #cf4 ,aga93 ',rep5tance & remission ( s9s %\ld be prea*$ 9 ,8 "n1' ,luke #bd1 #dg4 #cg4 ,likewise ! ,_s fir/ reproves ! _w ( s91 9 ord] to tea* fai? 9 ,*ri/1 i4e41 =giv5ess ( s94 ,john #af1 #h4 #ch4 ,9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans ,paul obs]ves ?is me?od1 fir/ to tea* t all are s9n]s1 & !reupon1 t !y are to be ju/ifi$ solely ?r\gh ,*ri/4 7,drews1 #bec;ff42 ,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #afbh;ff47 #ahg4 ,lu!r's ,second ,disputation aga9/ ! ,ant9omians4 ,s9ce ,agricola did n appe> at ! fir/ public disputation aga9/ ! ,ant9omians1 moreov] secretly im ,w9kel cont9u$ 8 opposition & intrigues1 ,lu!r insi/$ t 8 privilege ( lectur+ at ! univ]sity be )drawn4 ,?us br\ght to t]ms ,agricola1 ?r\gh 8 wife1 su$ = reconciliation4 ,lu!r dem&$ a retraction to be made at 8 next disputation1 :i* 0 held ,janu>y #ab1 #aech4 7,drews1 #bdh4 #ccd;f42 ,c4 ,r4 #be1 #fd2 #c1 #dhb;f47 ,"h ,lu!r expla9$ t1 ?\gh n necess>y to ju/ification1 ! ,law mu/ n be ca/ out ( ! *ur*1 its *ief object be+ to reveal ! guilt ( s92 moreov]1 t ! ,law mu/ be taught to ma9ta9 outw>d discipl9e1 to reveal s91 & to %[ ,*ri/ians :at works are pleas+ to ,god4 7,drews1 #dah47 ,foll[+ are "s ( ! #dh !ses discuss$ by ,lu!r 9 8 second disputation3 #c4 ,:5 treat+ ( ju/ification1 "o _c say too mu* aga9/ ! inability ( ! ,law to save & aga9/ ! mo/ p]nici\s tru/ 9 ! ,law4 #d4 ,= ! ,law 0 n giv5 to ju/ify or vivify or help 9 any way t[>d righte\sness4 #e4 ,b to reveal s9 & "w wra?1 i4e41 to r5d] ! consci5ce guilty4 ,rom4 #c1 #bj2 #d1 #ae4 #h4 ,9 brief1 z f> z heav5 is f ! e>?1 s f> mu/ ! ,law be sep>at$ f ju/ification4 #i4 ,& no?+ is to be taught1 said1 or ?\ght 9 ! matt] ( ju/ification b only ! ^w ( ! grace exhibit$ 9 ,*ri/4 #aj4 ,f ?is1 h[ev]1 x does n foll[ t ! ,law is to be aboli%$ & exclud$ f ! prea*+ ( done 9 ! *ur*4 #aa4 ,inde$1 j = ! reason t n only is x n necess>y to ju/ification1 b also _c effect x1 x is ! m necess>y to tea* & urge x4 #ab4 ,9 ord] t man1 :o is pr\d & tru/s 9 8 own p[]s1 may be in/ruct$ t he _c be ju/ifi$ by ! ,law4 #ah4 ,:atev] reveals s91 wra?1 or dea? ex]cises ! (fice ( ! ,law1 :e!r x be 9 ! ,old or 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #ai4 ,= to reveal s9 is no?+ else1 nor c x be any?+ else1 ?an ! ,law or an effect & ! peculi> p[] ( ! ,law4 #bj4 ,law & revelation ( s9 or ( wra? are conv]tible t]ms4 #bd4 ,s t x is impossible = s9 to be1 or to be kn[n1 )\t ! ,law writt5 or inscrib$ 9 ! he>t4 #bg4 ,& s9ce ! ,law ( ,god requires our ob$i5ce t[>d ,god1 ^! ,ant9omians 7nomoma*i7 aboli% also ob$i5ce t[>d ,god4 #bh4 ,f ?is x is manife/ t ,satan ?r\gh ^! 8 in/rum5ts tea*es ab\t s91 rep5tance1 & ,*ri/ 9 words only 7v]balit] tantum74 #bi4 ,b 9 reality he takes away ,*ri/1 rep5tance1 s91 & ! entire ,scripture1 toge!r ) ,god1 its ,au?or4 #df4 ,= ! ,law1 z x 0 be=e ,*ri/1 did inde$ accuse u2 b "u ,*ri/ x is appeas$ ?r\gh ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 & !reaft] x is to be fulfill$ ?r\gh ! ,_s4 #dg4 ,!re=e ! ,law w nev]1 9 all et]nity1 be aboli%$1 b w rema91 ei!r to be fulfill$ by ! damn$1 or already fulfill$ by ! bless$4 #dh4 ,^! pupils ( ! devil h[ev]1 seem to ?9k t ! ,law is tempor>y only1 :i* ceas$ "u ,*ri/ ev5 z circumcision did4 7,drews1 #ccf;ff42 ,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #afcb;ff47 ,foll[+ is a summ>y ( ! views express$ by ,lu!r 9 8 second disputation3 ,:y is ! ,law to be taught8 ,! ,law is to be taught on acc\nt ( discipl9e1 accord+ to ! ^w ( ,paul1 #a ,tim4 #a1 #i3 ',! ,law is made = ! lawless1' & t by ?is p$agogy m5 might come to ,*ri/ z ,paul says to ! ,galatians 7#c1 #bd73 ',! ,law 0 our s*oolma/] to br+ u to ,*ri/1' ,9 ! second place1 ! ,law is to be taught to reveal s91 to accuse1 t]rify1 & damn ! consci5ces1 ,rom4 #c1 #bj3 ',by ! ,law is ! k ( s92' aga91 *apt] #d1 #ae3 ',! ,law worke? wra?1' ,9 ! ?ird place1 ! ,law is to be reta9$ t ! sa9ts may "k :at k9d ( works ,god requires 9 :i* !y may ex]cise _! ob$i5ce t[>d ,god4 ,lex e/ ret95da1 ut sciant sancti1 qua5am op]a requirat ,deus1 9 quibus ob$i5tiam ex]c]e erga ,deum poss9t4 7,drews1 #dah2 ,h]zog ,r4 #a1 #fhh47 #ahh4 ,?ird & ,f\r? ,s]ies ( ,lu!r's ,!ses aga9/ ,ant9omianism4 ,hav+ compli$ ) ! conditions1 & publicly 7also 9 two s]mons deliv]$ ,april #bc7 retract$ 8 error1 & decl>$ 8 ass5t to ! views express$ 9 ,lu!r's second disputation1 ,agricola 0 aga9 p]mitt$ to prea* & tea*4 ,z a result1 ,lu!r also1 ?\gh he _h no fai? 9 ! s9c]ity ( ,agricola's retraction1 did n c>ry out 8 orig9al plan ( discuss+ a ?ird & f\r? s]ies ( !ses :i* he _h prep>$ aga9/ ant9omianism4 7,drews1 #dai;ff42 ,e4 #d1 #dcj;ff47 ,f ! ?ird s]ies1 compris+ #dj !ses1 we quote ! foll[+3 #a4 ,! rep5tance ( ! ,papi/s1 ,turks1 ,jews1 & ( all unbeliev]s & hypocrites is alike 9 e respect4 #b4 ,x consi/s 9 ?is1 t !y are sorry & make satisfaction = "o or sev]al s9s1 & aft]w>ds are secure z to o!r s9s or orig9al s94 #e4 ,! rep5tance ( believ]s 9 ,*ri/ goes beyond ! actual s9s1 & cont9ues ?r\gh\t life1 till dea?4 #h4 ,= ! s9 9 our fle% rema9s dur+ ! entire "t ( our life1 w>r+ aga9/ ! ,_s1 :o resi/s x4 ,rom4 #g1 #bc4 #i4 ,!re=e all works aft] ju/ification are no?+ else ?an a cont9u\s rep5tance1 or a good purpose aga9/ s94 #aj4 ,= no?+ else is done ?an t s91 reveal$ by ! ,law & =giv5 9 ,*ri/1 is swept out4 #ag4 ,! ,"l's ,pray]1 taught by ! ,"l ,himself to ! sa9ts & believ]s1 is a "p ( rep5tance1 conta9+ mu* ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,law4 #ah4 ,= :oev] prays x aright confesses ) 8 own m\? t he s9s aga9/ ! ,law & rep5ts4 #bg4 ,!re=e also ! ,"l's ,pray] itself tea*es t ! ,law is be=e1 bel[1 & aft] ! ,gospel 7legem esse ante1 sub et po/ evangelium71 & t f x rep5tance mu/ beg94 #cj4 ,f ?is x foll[s t ^! enemies ( ! ,law ,ant9omians mu/ aboli% also ! ,"l's ,pray] if !y aboli% ! ,law4 #ca4 ,inde$1 !y are compell$ to expunge ! greate/ "p ( ! s]mons ( ,*ri/ ,himself f ! ,gospel-/ory4 #cb4 ,= ,matt4 #e1 #ag;ff4 ,he does n only recite ! ,law ( ,moses1 b expla9s x p]fectly1 & tea*es t x mu/ n be de/roy$4 #cd4 ,ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ! ,gospel ,he also reproves1 rebukes1 ?reat5s1 & ex]cises simil> (fices ( ! ,law4 #ce4 ,s t !re nev] has be5 nor ev] w be m impud5t m5 ?an ^? :o tea* t ! ,law %\ld be aboli%$4 7,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #afcf;ff42 ,e4 #d1 #dcj;ff47 ,f ! f\r? s]ies ( #da !ses direct$ by ,lu!r aga9/ ! ,ant9omians we quote3 #ab4 ,!re=e we mu/ bew>e ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,papi/s conc]n+ rep5tance z ( hell & ! devil himself4 #ac4 ,mu* m1 h[ev]1 mu/ we avoid ^? :o leave no rep5tance :atev] 9 ! ,*ur*4 #ad4 ,= ^? :o d5y t ! ,law is to be taught 9 reality simply wi% t !re be no rep5tance4 #ae4 ,! argum5t3 ',:atev] is n necess>y to ju/ification1 nei!r 9 ! beg9n+1 nor 9 ! middle1 nor 9 ! end1 mu/ n be taught1' etc41 am\nts to no?+4 #ag4 ,x is ! same z ?\gh y w\ld argue3 ,! tru? t man is dead 9 s9 is n necess>y to ju/ification1 nei!r 9 ! beg9n+1 nor 9 ! middle1 nor 9 ! end2 h5ce x mu/ n be taught4 #ah4 ,to honor p>5ts1 to live *a/e1 to ab/a9 f murd]s1 adult]ies1 & !fts is n necess>y to ju/ification2 h5ce su* ?+s mu/ n be taught4 #bb4 ,al?\gh ! ,law helps no?+ t[>d ju/ification x does n foll[ !refrom t x ought to be aboli%$ & n to be taught4 #bf4 ,ev]y:]e 9 ,paul ! phrase ')\t ! ,law' mu/ be und]/ood 7z ,augu/9e correctly expla9s7 ')\t ! assi/ance ( ! ,law1' z we h always done4 #bg4 ,= ! ,law dem&s fulfilm5t1 b helps no?+ t[>d its own fulfilm5t4 #ce4 ,b fai? 9 ,*ri/ alone ju/ifies1 alone fulfils ! ,law1 alone does good works1 )\t ! ,law4 #cg4 ,x is true t aft] ju/ification good works foll[ spontane\sly1 )\t ! ,law1 i4e41 )\t ! help or co]cion ( ! ,law4 #ch4 ,9 brief1 ! ,law is nei!r useful nor necess>y = ju/ification1 nor = any good works1 mu* less = salvation4 #ci4 ,on ! contr>y1 ju/ification1 good works1 & salvation are necess>y = ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,law4 #dj4 ,= ,*ri/ came to save t :i* 0 lo/ ,luke #ai1 #aj1 & = ! re/itution ( all ?+s1 z ,/4 ,pet] says ,acts #c1 #ba4 #da4 ,!re=e ! ,law is n de/roy$ by ,*ri/1 b e/abli%$1 9 ord] t ,adam may become su* z he 01 & ev5 bett]4 7,/4 ,l4 #bj4 #afci;ff42 ,e4 #d4 #dcc47 #ahi4 ,lu!r's ,?ird ,public ,disputation aga9/ ! ,ant9omians4 ,soon aft] 8 second disputation ,lu!r obta9$ evid5ce ( ,agricola's relapse into 8 =m] errors & ways4 ,! up%ot 0 ano!r disputation on a fif? s]ies ( !ses held ,septemb] #ac1 #aech1 9 :i* ,lu!r d5\nc$ ! ,ant9omians z deceiv]s1 :o lull$ _! he>]s into c>nal security4 ,he also expla9$ t ! passages cull$ f 8 own writ+s 7 torn f _! hi/orical context1 & h5ce mis9t]pret$4 ,8 =m] /atem5ts1 said ,lu!r1 _h be5 address$ to consci5ces already al>m$1 & !re=e 9 imm$iate ne$ ( ! consolation ( ! ,gospel2 :ile n[ ! ,ant9omians appli$ !m to secure consci5ces1 :o1 fir/ ( all1 7 9 ne$ ( ! t]rify+ p[] ( ! ,law4 7,drews1 #dba;f42 ,ts*ack]t1 #dhb47 ,f ! #gj !ses treat$ by ,lu!r 9 8 ?ird disputation1 we submit ! foll[+3 #a4 ,! ,law has dom9ion ov] man z long z he lives4 ,rom4 #g1 #a4 #b4 ,b he is fre$ f ! ,law :5 he dies4 #c4 ,necess>ily1 !re=e1 man mu/ die if he w\ld be free f ! ,law4 #g4 ,^! ?ree3 ,law1 s91 & dea?1 are insep>able4 #h4 ,accord+ly s f> z dea? is /ill 9 man1 9 s f> s9 & ! ,law are 9 man4 #i4 ,inde$1 9 ,*ri/ ! ,law is fulfill$1 s9 aboli%$1 & dea? de/roy$4 #aa4 ,t is1 :51 ?r\gh fai? we are crucifi$ & h di$ 9 ,*ri/1 su* ?+s ! ,law fulfill$1 s9 aboli%$1 & dea? de/roy$ are true also 9 u4 #ac4 ,b ! fact itself & exp]i5ce te/ify t ! j are /ill daily deliv]$ to dea?4 #ad4 ,necess>ily1 !re=e1 9 z f> z !y are "u dea?1 !y are /ill also "u ! ,law & s94 #ae4 ,!y ! ,ant9omians are altoge!r inexp]i5c$ m5 & deceiv]s ( s\ls :o endeavor to aboli% ! ,law f ! *ur*4 #af4 ,= ?is is n only fooli% & wick$1 b also absolutely impossible4 #ag4 ,= if y w\ld aboli% ! ,law1 y w be compell$ to aboli% also s9 & dea?4 #ah4 ,= dea? & s9 are pres5t by virtue ( ! ,law1 z ,paul says #b ,cor4 #c1 #f3 ',! lett] kille?1' & #a ,cor4 #ae1 #ef3 ',! /r5g? ( s9 is ! ,law1' #ai4 ,b s9ce y see t ! j die daily :at a folly is x to imag9e t !y are )\t ! ,law6 #bj4 ,= if !re 7 no ,law1 !re w\ld be nei!r s9 nor dea?4 #ba4 ,h5ce !y %\ld h fir/ prov$ t ! j are altoge!r )\t s9 & dea?4 #bb4 ,or t !y no long] live 9 ! fle%1 b are remov$ f ! _w4 #bc4 ,!n x might ju/ly be taught t also ! ,law is altoge!r remov$ f !m & mu/ n be taught 9 any way4 #bd4 ,?is !y _c prove1 b exp]i5ce itself %[s ! contr>y to _! v faces4 #be4 ,s1 !n1 ! impud5ce ( ! tea*]s :o wi% to remove ! ,law f ! *ur* is extraord9>y4 #bf4 ,yet x is a mu* great] impud5ce1 or r insanity1 :5 !y ass]t t ev5 ! wick$ %\ld be fre$ f ! ,law1 & t x %\ld n be prea*$ to !m4 #bi4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y pret5d t _! *ur* or _! he>]s simply are all pi\s m5 & ,*ri/ians1 )\t ! ,law1 #cj4 ,!n x is evid5t t !y are altoge!r ( uns\nd m9d & d n "k :at !y say or affirm4 #ca4 ,= ?is is no?+ else ?an to imag9e t all _! he>]s h be5 remov$ f ?is life4 #ce4 ,?us x ! ,law is also giv5 to ! pi\s1 9 s f> z !y are n yet dead & /ill live 9 ! fle%4 #dj4 ,n[1 9 z f> z ,*ri/ is rais$ 9 u1 9 s f> we are )\t ,law1 s91 & dea?4 #da4 ,b 9 z f> z ,he is n yet rais$ 9 u1 9 s f> we are "u ! ,law1 s91 & dea?4 #db4 ,!re=e ! ,law 7z also ! ,gospel7 mu/ be prea*$1 )\t discrim9ation1 to ! righte\s z well z to ! wick$4 #dd4 ,to ! pi\s1 t !y may !reby be rem9d$ to crucify _! fle% ) its affections & lu/s1 le/ !y become secure4 ,gal4 #e1 #bd4 #de4 ,= security aboli%es fai? & ! fe> ( ,god1 & r5d]s ! latt] end worse ?an ! beg9n+4 #b ,pet4 #b1 #bj4 #df4 ,x appe>s v cle>ly t ! ,ant9omians imag9e s9 to h be5 remov$ ?r\gh ,*ri/ ess5tially & philosophically or juridically 7=malit] et philosophice seu iuridice7 #dg4 ,& t !y d n at all "k t s9 is remov$ only inasmu* z ! m]ciful ,god does n impute x ,ps4 #cb1 #b1 & =gives x 7solum reputatione et ignosc5tia ,dei mis]5tis74 #fa4 ,= if ! ,law is remov$1 no "o kn[s :at ,*ri/ is1 or :at ,he did :5 ,he fulfill$ ! ,law = u4 #ff4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,law1 !re=e1 is necess>y 9 ! *ur*es1 & by all means is to be reta9$1 z )\t x ,*ri/ _c be reta9$4 #fg4 ,= :at w y reta9 ( ,*ri/ :5 7! ,law hav+ be5 remov$ :i* ,he fulfill$7 y d n "k :at ,he has fulfill$8 #fi4 ,9 brief1 to remove ! ,law & to let s9 & dea? rema91 is to hide ! disease ( s9 & dea? to m5 unto _! p]dition4 #gj4 ,:5 dea? & s9 are aboli%$ 7z 0 done by ,*ri/71 !n ! ,law w\ld be remov$ happily2 moreov]1 x w\ld be e/abli%$1 ,rom4 #c1 #ca4 7,drews #dbc;ff42 ,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #afdb;ff42 ,e4 #d1 #dcf;ff47 #aij4 ,agricola's ,retraction ,writt5 & ,publi%$ by ,lu!r4 ,see+ 8 position 9 ! ,witt5b]g ,univ]sity endang]$1 ,agricola 0 aga9 ready to submit4 ,& :5 a public retraction 0 dem&$1 he ev5 left x to ,lu!r to =mulate ! recantation4 ,lu!r did s 9 a public lett] to ,casp> ,guettel 9 ,eisleb51 entitl$1 ,aga9/ ! ,ant9omians--,wid] die ,ant9om]1 :i* he publi%$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,janu>y1 #aeci4 7,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #afaj47 ,9 a cru%+ mann] ,lu!r "h d5\nc$ ! spect] ( ! new spirits :o d>e ?ru/ ! ,law or ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts out ( ! *ur* & relegate x to ! c\r?\se4 ,compla9+ ( false bre?r51 ,lu!r "h says3 ,& ,i fe> t1 if ,i _h di$ at ,smalcald #aecg1 ,i %\ld =ev] h be5 call$ ! patron ( su* ant9omian spirits1 because !y appeal to my books4 ,& all ?is !y d beh9d my back1 )\t my k & aga9/ my w1 n ev5 consid]+ x wor? :ile to in=m me ) z mu* z a ^w or syllable1 or at lea/ to ask me reg>d+ ! matt]4 ,?us ,i am compell$ to proce$ aga9/ ,magi/] ,john ,agricola1 etc4 7#afaa47 ,b s9ce he 0 afraid t he might n express x 9 a mann] su* z w\ld be consid]$ satisfactory1 he has fully au?oriz$ & also reque/$ me to d x write ! retraction = ,agricola z well z ,i c\ld1 :i*1 he be+ satisfi$1 ,i agre$ to d1 & h]e) h done1 especially = ! reason t aft] my dea? nei!r ,ma/] ,eisleb5 himself nor anybody else might be able to pret5d t ,i _h done no?+ 9 ?is matt] & simply all[$ ev]y?+ to pass & g on z fully satisfactory to me4 7#afab47 ,ref]r+ to 8 =m] /atem5ts appeal$ to by ,agricola1 ,lu!r cont9ues3 ,i h inde$ taught1 & /ill tea*1 t s9n]s %\ld be l$ to rep5tance by ! prea*+ (1 & m$itation ^u1 ! suff]+ ( ,*ri/1 s t !y may realize h[ great ,god's wra? is ov] s91 see+ t !re is no o!r help aga9/ x ?an t ,god's ,son mu/ die = x4444 ,b h[ does x foll[ f ?is t ! ,law mu/ be ab&on$8 ,i am unable to discov] su* an inf]5ce 9 my logic1 & w\ld l to see & he> ! ma/] :o w\ld be able to prove x4 ,:5 ,isaiah says1 *ap4 #ec1 #h3 ',= ! transgression ( ,my p 0 ,he /rick51' tell me1 de> fri5d1 is ! ,law ab&on$ :5 "h ! suff]+ ( ,*ri/ is prea*$8 ,:at does '= ! transgression ( ,my p' mean8 ,does x n mean3 because ,my p h s9n$ aga9/1 & n kept1 ,my ,law8 ,or c any "o imag9e t s9 is some?+ :]e !re is no law8 ,:oev] aboli%es ! ,law mu/ ) x also aboli% s9s4 ,if he w\ld all[ s9s to rema91 he mu/ mu* m all[ ! ,law to rema94 ,= ,rom4 #f1 #ac #d1 #ae we read3 ',s9 is n imput$ :]e !re is no law4' ,if !re is no s9 ,*ri/ is no?+4 ,= :y does ,he die if !re be nei!r ,law nor s9 = :i* ,he 0 to die8 ,f ?is we see t by ?is spiritism ,gei/]ei ! devil does n mean to take away ! ,law1 b ,*ri/1 :o fulfill$ ! ,law4 ,matt4 #e1 #ag4 ,= he well kn[s t ,*ri/ may well & easily be tak5 away1 b n s ! ,law1 :i* is writt5 9 ! he>t4 7#afac;f47 ,!re=e ,i reque/ ( y1 my de> ,doctor ,guettel1 t1 z y h done h]et(ore1 y w\ld cont9ue 9 ! pure doctr9e & prea* t s9n]s %\ld & mu/ be l$ to rep5tance n only by ! sweet grace & suff]+ ( ,*ri/1 :o has di$ = u1 b also by ! t]rors ( ! ,law4 7#afae47 ,= :5ce d we "k :at s9 is if !re is no ,law & consci5ce8 ,& :5ce %all we le>n :at ,*ri/ is1 :at ,he has done = u1 if we are n to "k :at ! ,law is :i* ,he has fulfill$ = u1 or :at s9 is1 = :i* ,he has aton$8 ,& ev5 if we did n ne$ ! ,law = u & 7 able to te> x out ( our he>ts 7:i* is impossible71 we nev]!less mu/ prea* x = ! sake ( ,*ri/ 7z also is done & mu/ be done71 9 ord] t we may "k :at ,he has done & suff]$ = u4 ,= :o c\ld "k :at & = :at purpose ,*ri/ has suff]$ = u if no "o 7 to "k :at s9 or ! ,law is8 ,!re=e ! ,law mu/ c]ta9ly be prea*$ if we w\ld prea* ,*ri/4 7#afaf47 ,?is1 too1 is a peculi> bl9dness & folly1 t !y imag9e ! revelation ( wra? to be some?+ else ?an ! ,law 7:i* is impossible72 = ! revelation ( wra? is ! ,law :5 realiz$ & felt1 z ,paul says ,rom4 #d1 #ae3 ',lex iram op]atur4 ,! ,law worke? wra?4' 7#afah47 ,by way ( conclusion ,lu!r rem>k$3 ,let ?is suffice at pres5t1 = ,i hope t s9ce ,ma/] ,eisleb5 is conv]t$ & retracts1 ! o!rs1 too1 :o receiv$ x ! ant9omian error f him1 w ab&on x1 :i* ,god may help !m to d6 ,am54 7#afai47 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev] he did n )hold ! op9ion t ,agricola's self humiliation w\ld h>dly be ( long duration4 ,if he cont9ues 9 su* humility1 said ,lu!r1 ,god c]ta9ly c & w exalt him2 if he ab&ons x1 !n ,god is able to hurl him d[n aga94 7#afab47 #aia4 ,lu!r's ,f\r? ,disputation aga9/ ! ,ant9omians4 ,lu!r's di/ru/ 0 n unf\nd$1 = ,agricola cont9u$ secretly to tea* 8 ant9omianism1 abett$ 9 8 s5tim5ts among o!rs also by ,jacob ,s*5ck s9ce #aecf fir/ ,lu!ran pa/or 9 ,freib]g1 ,saxony2 #aech dismiss$ on acc\nt ( 8 ant9omianism #aedj pr(essor 9 ,leipzig2 lat] on depos$ & f9ally bani%$ f ,saxony4 ,inde$ 9 ,m>*1 #aedj1 ,agricola ev5 lodg$ a compla9t ) ! ,elector1 *>g+ ,lu!r ) calumnies4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! foll[+ mon? ,lu!r answ]$ ^! *>ges 9 a ,report to ,doctor ,brueck ,conc]n+ ,magi/] ,john ,eisleb5's ,doctr9e & ,intrigues4 7,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #afdh;ff47 ,ab\t ! same "t2 ,c\nt ,albre*t ( ,mansfeld d5\nc$ ,agricola to ! ,elector z a dang]\s1 tr\blesome man4 ,h]eupon ! ,elector on ,june #ae #aedj1 op5$ =mal legal proce$+s aga9/ ,agricola1 :o1 z /at$ above1 remov$ to ,b]l9 9 ,augu/ )\t await+ ! trial1 al?\gh he _h promis$ ) an oa? n to leave be=e a legal decision _h be5 r5d]$4 7,drews1 #faa47 ,inc5s$ by ! trea*]\s conduct ( ,agricola1 ,lu!r1 ,septemb] #aj1 #aedj1 held a f9al disputation on a six? s]ies ( !ses aga9/ ! ,ant9omians1 *>g+ !m ) de/roy+ all ord] human z well z div9e4 7,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #afdg2 ,e4 #d1 #dda47 ,reg>d+ ,agricola's duplicity1 ,lu!r1 9 8 ,report to ,brueck1 said 9 sub/ance3 ,accord+ to ! /atem5ts ( ,casp> ,guettel & ,w5del9 ,fab]1 ,agricola _h = ye>s secretly agitat$ aga9/ ! ,witt5b]g]s & f\nd$ a sect at ,eisleb5 call+ !mselves ,m9ori% ,m9ori/s2 he _h br&$ & sl&]$ _! doctr9e z false & impure1 & ?is1 too1 )\t conf]r+ ) !m or previ\sly admoni%+ !m2 he _h come to ,witt5b]g = ! purpose ( corrupt+ & di/ract+ ! ,*ur*2 8 adh]5ts _h made ! /atem5t t ,eisleb5 w\ld tea* ! ,witt5b]g]s !ology & logic2 he _h inveigl$ ,hans ,lufft into pr9t+ 8 ,po/il by falsely /at+ t x _h be5 read & approv$ by ,lu!r2 9 8 deal+s ) ! ,witt5b]g]s he _h act$ n z an hone/ man1 let alone a pi\s ,*ri/ian & !ologian1 b trea*]\sly & 9 keep+ ) 8 ant9omian pr9ciples2 p>ad+ z a loyal ,lu!ran at public conv5tions & laugh+ & d9+ ) !m1 he _h misl$ 8 old1 fai?ful fri5d ,lu!r to confide 9 him1 :ile secretly he 0 act+ ! traitor by malign+ him & und]m9+ 8 "w4 ,9 ! ,report we read3 ,agricola blasphemes & damns our doctr9e z impure & false 7i4e41 ! ,holy ,_s ,himself 9 ,8 holy ,law72 he sl&]s & defames u ,witt5b]g]s mo/ infam\sly :]ev] he c2 & all ?is he does trea*]\sly & secretly1 al?\gh we h done him no h>m1 b only did well by him1 z he himself mu/ admit4 ,he deceives & attacks u me1 8 be/ fri5d & fa!r1 mak+ me believe t he is our true fri5d4 ,nor does he w>n me1 b1 l a desp]ate trea*]\s villa91 secretly works beh9d our back to cause ! p to =sake our doctr9e & to adh]e to him1 ?us treat+ u ) an ungratefulness1 pride1 & haught9ess su* z ,i h n frequ5tly met ) be=e4 7#afef47 ,9 8 *>ge aga9/ ,lu!r1 ,agricola _h said t x 0 dang]\s to prea* ! ,law )\t ! ,gospel1 because x 0 a m9i/ry ( dea? 7m9i/]ium mortis74 ,lu!r answ]$ 9 8 ,report to ,brueck3 ,behold n[ :at ! mad fool does4 ,god has giv5 ,8 ,law = ! v purpose t x %\ld bite1 cut1 /rike1 kill1 & sacrifice ! old man4 ,= x %\ld t]rify & puni% ! pr\d ignorant1 secure ,old ,adam & %[ him 8 s9 & dea?1 s t1 be+ humiliat$1 he may despair ( himself1 & ?us become desir\s ( grace1 z ,/4 ,paul says3 ',! /r5g? ( s9 is ! ,law2 ! /+ ( dea? is s91'#a ,cor4 #ae1 #ef4 ,= ?is reason he also calls x bonam1 iu/am1 sanctam--good1 j1 holy4 ,aga91 ,j]emiah #bc1 #bi3 ',my ,^w is l a hamm] t breake? ! rock to pieces4' ,aga93 ',ego ignis consum5s1 etc4--,i am a consum+ fire1' ,ps4 #i1 #ba #bj3 ',con/itue legislatorem sup] eos1 ut sciant g5tes1 se esse hom9es1 non deos1 nec ,deo similes--,put !m 9 fe>1 ,o ,"l1 t ! nations may "k !mselves to be b m54' ,?us ,/4 ,paul does ,rom4 #a & #b & #c mak+ all ! _w s9n]s by ! ,law1 ca/+ !m "u ! wra? ( ,god1 & entirely kill+ !m be=e ,god4 ,b "h our de> ,ma/] ,grickel appe>s on ! sc5e & inv5ts a new !ology out ( 8 own mad & reckless fool's head & tea*es3 ,"o mu/ n kill & reprove ! p1 i4e41 "o mu/ n prea* ! ,law4 ,"h he himself confesses publicly 9 8 suit aga9/ ,lu!r t he has condemn$ & prohibit$ ! prea*+ ( ! ,law4 7,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #afeg47 ,! ,report cont9ues3 ,s9ce1 n[1 ! little angry devil :o rides ,ma/] ,grickel w n tol]ate ! ,law1 i4e41 mortificantem1 irasc5tem1 accusantem1 t]r5tem1 occid5tem legem1--! mortify+1 rag+1 accus+1 t]rify+1 kill+ ,law1--x is q evid5t :at he int5ds to d ?r\gh ,ma/] ,grickel's folly 7= he nev]!less wi%es to be prais$ z prea*+ ! ,law aft] & "u ! ,gospel1 etc471 viz41 to hide orig9al s9 & to tea* ! ,law no fur!r ?an aga9/ future actual s9s1 = su* is ! mann] ( 8 entire ,po/il2 ev5 z ! ,turks1 ,jews1 philosoph]s1 & ,papi/s tea* :o reg>d our nature z s\nd2 b ,ma/] ,grickel does n see t x is j ?is :i* 8 little _s devil aims at by 8 bragg+ & boa/+1 t he1 too1 is prea*+ ! ,law4444 ,?us ,*ri/ & ,god are altoge!r va9 & lo/4 ,& is n ?is bl9dness beyond all bl9dness t he does n want to prea* ! ,law )\t & be=e ! ,gospel8 ,= are ^! n impossible ?+s8 ,h[ is x possible to prea* ( =giv5ess ( s9s if previ\sly !re h be5 no s9s8 ,h[ c "o proclaim life if previ\sly !re is no dea?8 ,are we to prea* to angels :o h nei!r s9 nor dea? conc]n+ =giv5ess ( s9s & r$emption f dea?8 ,b h[ c "o prea* ( s9s or "k t !re are s9s1 if ! ,law does n reveal !m8 ,= accord+ to its prop] (fice ! ,gospel does n say :o is a s9n] & :at is s92 x does1 h[ev]1 indicate t !re mu/ be "s great hurt1 s9ce s great a rem$y is requir$2 b x does n say h[ ! s9 is call$1 or :at x is4 ,! ,law mu/ d ?is4 ,?us ,ma/] ,eisleb5 mu/ 9 fact 7re ipsa7 all[ ! ,law to p]=m its duty 7occid]e1 to kill1 etc47 prior to ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel1 no matt] h[ decid$ly he1 ) words only1 d5ies x1 to spite ! ,witt5b]g]s1 9 ord] t he also1 z novus autor 7new au?or71 may produce some?+ ( 8 own & confuse ! p & sep>ate ! *ur*es4 7#afeh47 ,f ! #bj !ses :i* ,lu!r treat$ 9 8 la/ disputation aga9/ ! ,ant9omians we cull ! foll[+3 #a4 ,! inf]5ce ( ,/4 ,paul3 ',= :]e no law is !re is no transgression' ,rom4 #d1 #ae is valid n only !ologically1 b also politically & naturally 7non solum !ologice1 s$ etiam politice et naturalit]74 #b4 ,likewise ?is too3 ,:]e !re is no s91 !re is nei!r puni%m5t nor remission4 #c4 ,likewise ?is too3 ,:]e !re is nei!r puni%m5t nor remission1 !re is nei!r wra? nor grace4 #d4 ,likewise ?is too3 ,:]e !re is nei!r wra? nor grace1 !re is nei!r div9e nor human gov]nm5t4 #e4 ,likewise ?is too3 ,:]e !re is nei!r div9e nor human gov]nm5t1 !re is nei!r ,god nor man4 #f4 ,likewise ?is too3 ,:]e !re is nei!r ,god nor man1 !re is no?+ except p]haps ! devil4 #g4 ,h5ce x is t ! ,ant9omians1 ! enemies ( ! ,law1 evid5tly are ei!r devils !mselves or ! bro!rs ( ! devil4 #h4 ,x avails ! ,ant9omians no?+ to boa/ t !y tea* v mu* ( ,god1 ,*ri/1 grace1 ,law1 etc4 #aj4 ,?is confession ( ! ,ant9omians is l ! "o :5 ! devils cri$3 ',?\ art ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god1' ,luke #d1 #cd2 #h1 #bh4 #ab4 ,:oev] d5ies t ! damn+ ,law mu/ be taught 9 reality simply d5ies ! ,law4 #ad4 ,a law :i* does n damn is an imag9$ & pa9t$ law z ! *im]a or tragelaphus4 #ae4 ,nor is ! political or natural law any?+ unless x damns & t]rifies s9n]s ,rom4 #ac1 #a4 #e2 #a ,pet4 #b1 #ac;ff4 #ag4 ,:at ! ,ant9omians say conc]n+ ,god1 ,*ri/1 fai?1 ,law1 grace1 etc41 !y say )\t any mean+ z ! p>rot says its '*aire1 ,good day6' #ah4 ,h5ce x is impossible to le>n !ology or civil polity 7!ologiam aut politiam7 f ! ,ant9omians4 #ai4 ,!re=e !y mu/ be avoid$ z mo/ pe/il5tial tea*]s ( lic5ti\s liv+ :o p]mit ! p]petration ( all crimes4 #bj4 ,= !y s]ve n ,*ri/1 b _! own belly ,rom4 #af1 #ah1 &1 madm5 t !y are1 seek to please m51 9 ord] t f !m1 z a man's judgm5t1 !y may ga9 glory4 7,drews1 #fac2 ,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #afdg2 ,e4 #d1 #dda47--,reg>d+ ,lu!r's disputations aga9/ ! ,ant9omians ,planck p]t95tly rem>ks t !y compel admiration = 8 cle> & p5etrat+ m9d1 & rank among ! v be/ ( 8 writ+s4 7#a1 #ah2 ,frank #b1 #caa47 #aib4 ,grickel ,rema9$ ,grickel4 ,at ! in/ance ( ,elector ,joa*im1 negotiations 7 begun ) ,lu!r1 :i* f9ally l$ to a sort ( peaceful settlem5t4 ,agricola 0 requir$ to s5d 7:i* he also did7 a revocation to ! prea*]s1 ! c\ncil1 & ! congregation at ,eisleb54 ,h[ev]1 ! new & enl>g$ edition 7#aeda7 ( ! cate*ism :i* ,agricola _h publi%$ 9 #aebg reveal$ ! fact t also ?is la/ recantation 0 ins9c]e2 = 9 x he repeat$ 8 ant9omi/ic tea*+1 ?\gh n 9 ! orig9al defiant mann]4 ,little wond]1 !n1 t despite ! =mal settlem5t1 cordial relations 7 n re/or$ betwe5 ,lu!r & ,agricola4 ,:5 ! latt] visit$ ,witt5b]g 9 #aede1 ,lu!r refus$ to see ! man :om he reg>d$ incurably di%one/4 ,grickel1 said he1 w rema9 ,grickel to all et]nity1 ,grickel wird 9 alle ,ewigkeit ,grickel bleib54 ,& ,grickel he did rema92 = 9 #aefe he publi%$ a s]mon 9 :i* he said3 ,e "o :o is to be appo9t$ z tea*] & prea*] %all be ask$3 ,:at d y int5d to tea* 9 ! *ur*8 ,he %all answ]3 ,! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b :5 fur!r ask$3 ,:at does ! ,gospel prea*8 he %all answ]3 ,! ,gospel prea*es rep5tance & =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,consid]+ ?is a fur!r evid5ce t ,agricola /ill adh]$ to1 & 0 n[ ready once m to *ampion1 8 old errors1 ! prea*]s ( ,mansfeld regi/]$ _! prote/ 9 a publication ( ! same ye>4 ,a controv]sy1 h[ev]1 did n mat]ialize1 = ,agricola di$ ! foll[+ ye>4 7,planck #e1 #a1 #dg2 ,frank #b1 #bfg47 #aic4 ,false ,propositions ( ,agricola4 ,foll[+ are "s ( ,agricola's radical /atem5ts conc]n+ ! ,law & ! ,gospel4 ,! fir/ !sis ( 8 ,positions ( #aecg reads3 ,rep5tance is to be taught n f ! ,decalog or f any law ( ,moses1 b f ! violation ( ! ,son ?r\gh ! ,gospel4 ,po5it5tia doc5da e/ non ex decalogo aut ulla lege ,mosis1 s$ ex violatione ,filii p] evangelium4 7,e4 #d4 #dbj47 ,!sis #ac3 ,9 ord] to keep ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e pure1 we mu/ resi/ ^? ,lu!r & ,melan*?on :o tea* t ! ,gospel mu/ be prea*$ only to su* ^: he>ts h previ\sly be5 t]rifi$ & brok5 by ! ,law4 ,qu>e pro cons]v&a puritate doctr9ae resi/5dum e/ iis1 qui doc5t1 evangelium non pra$ic&um nisi animis prius quassatis et contritis p] legem4 7#dba47 ,!sis #af3 ,! ,law m]ely rebukes s91 & t1 too1 )\t ! ,holy ,_s2 h5ce x rebukes to damnation4 ,!sis #ag3 ,b !re is ne$ ( a doctr9e :i* does n only condemn ) great efficacy1 b :i* saves at ! same "t2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is ! ,gospel1 a doctr9e :i* tea*es conjo9tly rep5tance & remission ( s9s4 7#dba47 ,9 8 ,brief ,summ>y ( ! ,gospel1 ,agricola says3 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t & among ,*ri/ians or 9 ! ,gospel we mu/ n prea* ! violation ( ! ,law :5 a man breaks or transgresses ! ,law1 b ! violation ( ! ,son1 to wit t he :o does n = ! sake ( ! k+dom ( heav5 will+ly omit :at he %\ld omit1 & does n d :at he %\ld d1 crucifies ,*ri/ anew4 7,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #afbb;ff42 ,frank #b1 #cac1 ,giesel] #c1 #b1 #acg2 ,piep]1 ,dogm4 #c1 #bfe;ff47 ,a comm+l+ ( ! ,law & ,gospel always results 9 a corruption ( ! doctr9es ( conv]sion1 fai?1 & ju/ification4 ,su* 0 ! case also ) respect to ,agricola1 :o taught t ju/ification foll[s a contrition :i* fl[s f1 & h5ce is prec$$ by1 love t[>d ,god4 ,turn+ matt]s topsy-turvy1 he taught3 ,rep5tance consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! he>t ( man1 exp]i5c+ ! k9dness ( ,god :i* calls u to ,*ri/ & pres5ts u ) ,8 grace1 turns ab\t1 appreh5ds ,god's grace1 ?anks ,him he>tily = hav+ sp>$ x s graci\sly1 beg9s to rep5t1 & to grieve he>tily & sorr[fully on acc\nt ( its s9s1 wi%es to ab/a9 f !m1 & r5\nces its =m] s9ful life4 ,?is1 says ,agricola1 is rep5tance 7po5it5tia1 ,buess57 & ! fir/ /age ( ! new bir?1 ! true brea?+ & afflation ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,aft] ?is he acquires a he>ty confid5ce 9 ,god1 believ+ t ,he w condone 8 folly & n blame him = x1 s9ce he did n "k any bett]1 al?\gh he is mu* a%am$ ( x & wi%es t x _h nev] happ5$2 he also resolves1 s9ce he has f>$ s well1 nev] to s9 any m or to d any?+ t might make him unwor?y ( ! b5efit receiv$ z if he 7 ungrateful & =getful2 he fur!rmore le>ns to "w out1 confirm1 & pres]ve 8 salvation 9 fe> & trembl+4443 ?is is =giv5ess ( s9s4 7,frank #b1 #bdg47 ,^! confus$ ideas pla9ly %[ t ,agricola _h a false conception1 n only ( ! ,law & ,gospel1 b also ( orig9al s91 rep5tance1 fai?1 reg5]ation1 & ju/ification4 ,ess5tially1 8 0 ! ,roman doctr9e1 :i* makes an antec$5t ( :at 9 reality is an effect & a consequ5ce ( conv]sion & ju/ification4 ,view$ f ?is angle1 x occasions little surprise t ,agricola cons5t$ to help =mulate & introduce ! ,augsburg ,int]im 9 :i* ! ess5tials ( ,lu!ranism 7 d5i$4 #aid4 ,poa*1 ,otto1 ,musculus1 ,ne&]4 ,! ant9omi/ic doctr9es reject$1 9 p>ticul>1 by ,article ,,vi ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 7 repres5t$ *iefly by ,&rew ,poa*1 ,anton ,otto1 ,&rew ,musculus1 & ,mi*ael ,ne&]4 ,poa*1 born #aeaf1 /udi$ "u ,lu!r & 0 an oppon5t ( ! ,philippi/s1 he became pa/or 9 ,halle 9 #aeda2 9 ,nordhaus51 #aedg2 9 ,erfurt1 #aeej2 ,utt5ba*1 ne> ,j5a1 #aegb1 :]e he di$ #aehe4 ,at ,erfurt1 ,poa* 0 depos$ 9 #aegb on acc\nt ( diss5sions due to ! ant9omi/ic controv]sies4 ,he sign$ ! ,book ( ,concord4--,otto ,o?o2 also call$ ,h]zb]g]1 because he 0 born 9 ,h]zb]g1 #aeje /udi$ "u ,lu!r2 s]v$ z pa/or 9 ,graef5?al1 & f #aedc 9 ,nordhaus5 :]e he 0 depos$ 9 #aefh = adh]5ce to ,flacius4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ,otto1 :ile antagoniz+ ,majorism & syn]gism1 9 s]mons on ! ,lett] to ! ,galatians ( #aefe reject$ ! ,?ird ,use ( ! ,law1 he 0 oppos$ also by ,flacius1 :o rem9d$ him ( ! fact t "h on e>? ! new man resembles a *ild1 aye1 an embryo1 r ?an a full-fl$g$ man4 ,9 8 zeal\s opposition to ! ,majori/s1 ,&rew ,musculus 7,meusel1 born #aead2 /udi$ at ,leipzig #aecb-aech1 !n at ,witt5b]g2 became a zeal\s & passionate adh]5t ( ,lu!r1 :om he consid]$ ! greate/ man s9ce ! days ( ! apo/les2 f #aedj till 8 dea?1 ,septemb] #bi1 #aeha1 pr(essor & pa/or1 lat] on1 ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t1 9 ,frankfurt-on-!-,od]7 also made "s extreme /atem5ts4 ,lat] on1 h[ev]1 he coop]at$ 9 prep>+ & revis+ ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,musculus wrote ( ,lu!r3 ,!re is z great a diff]5ce betwe5 ! de> old tea*]s & ,lu!r z !re is betwe5 ! light ( ! sun & t ( ! moon2 & beyond all d\bt1 ! anci5t fa!rs1 ev5 ! be/ & =emo/ among !m1 z ,hil>y & ,augu/9e1 _h !y liv$ contemporane\sly ) him1 w\ld n h hesitat$ to deliv] ! lamp to him1 z ! say+ is4 7,meusel1 ,h&l4 #d1 #gji2 ,ri*>d1 #dej47 ,! mo/ prom95t oppon5ts ( ^! ,ant9omians 7 ! well-kn[n !ologians ,mo]l91 ,flacius1 ,wig&1 & ,we/phal 7*iefly 9 lett]s to ,poa*74 ,! controv]sy 0 c>ri$ on ) mod]ation1 & )\t any special ef=ts to cause tr\ble among ! p4 ,! ma9 issue 0 n--z 9 ! conflict ) ,agricola--:e!r ! ,law is necess>y 9 ord] to effect contrition & prep>e m5 = ! ,gospel1 b ! s-call$ ,?ird ,use ( ! ,law 7t]tius usus legis71 i4e41 :e!r ! ,law is1 & is int5d$ to be1 ( s]vice to ,*ri/ians aft] _! reg5]ation2 9 p>ticul>1 :e!r ! reg5]ate /ill ne$ ! ,law ) respect to _! new ob$i5ce4 ,! conflict ) ,poa* arose f ! ,majori/ic controv]sy4 ,deal+ 9 p>ticul> ) ! ab]rations ( ,m5ius1 ! ,synod at ,eis5a*1 #aeef1 adopt$ sev5 !ses :i* ,m5ius 0 requir$ to subscribe4 ,! fir/ decl>$3 ,al?\gh ! proposition1 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 may be tol]at$ hypo!tically & 9 an ab/ract way 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,law 79 doctr9a legis ab/ractive et de idea tol]>i pote/71 nev]!less !re are _m weighty reasons :y x ought & %\ld be avoid$ no less ?an ?is "o3 ,*ri/ is a creature4 7,preg] #a1 #chc47 ,:ile ,flacius1 ,wig&1 & ,mo]l9 def5d$ ! !sis1 ,amsdorf 7:o fir/1 too1 adopt$ x1 b lat] on )drew 8 ass5t2 ,seeb]g #d1 #dhh71 ,aurifab]1 & especially ,poa* reject$ x4 ,?is m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( ! s-call$ ,second ,ant9omi/ic ,controv]sy4 ,poa* d5i$ t ! ,law has any promise ( salvation4 ,ev5 ! mo/ p]fect fulfilm5t ( ! ,law1 said he1 is b ! fulfilm5t ( a duty :i* m]its no rew>d4 ,! only ?+ "o may acquire by a p]fect fulfilm5t is fre$om f guilt & puni%m5t4 ,fulfilm5t ( our duty 7solutio debiti7 does n w>rant any claim on salvation4 ,yet ,poa* 0 c>eful to decl>e t ?is did n apply to ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,law :i* ,*ri/ r5d]$ = u4 ,:y8 ,poa* answ]$3 ,because ,*ri/1 be+ ! ,son ( ,god1 0 n oblig$ to fulfil ! ,law4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,he did fulfil x 9 our /ead1 ,he r5d]$ satisfaction to div9e ju/ice1 s t righte\sness c n[ be imput$ to u & we become p>tak]s ( et]nal life4 ,poa* wrote3 ,x w\ld n be correct to say3 ,9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,law all ! works comm&$ 9 ! ,law are necess>y to salvation4 ,9 doctr9a legis omnia op]a m&ata 9 lege sunt necess>ia ad salutem4 7,s*luesselburg #d1 #cdc47 ,aga93 ,! works ( ,*ri/1 :i* are ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,law1 are ! m]it ( our salvation4 ,our works1 :i* ought to h be5 ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,law1 d n m]it salvation1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 mo/ p]fect1 z ! ,law requires1--:i*1 h[ev]1 is impossible4 ,! reason is t we are debtors to ! ,law4 ,*ri/1 h[ev]1 is n a debtor to ! ,law4 ,ev5 if we mo/ p]fectly fulfill$ all ! comm&m5ts ( ,god & completely satisfi$ ! righte\sness ( ,god1 we w\ld n be wor?y ( grace & salvation on t acc\nt1 nor w\ld ,god be oblig$ to give u grace & salvation z a debt4 ,he ju/ly dem&s ! fulfilm5t ( ,8 ,law f u z ob$i5ce due ,him f ,8 creature1 :i* is b\nd to obey its ,creator4 ,etiamsi nos omnia m&ata ,dei p]fectissime impl]emus et iu/itiae ,dei p5itus satisfac]emus1 tam5 non ideo digni essemus gratia et salute1 nec ,deus obligatus esset1 ut nobis gratiam et salutem d>et ex debito4 ,s$ iure requirit impletionem legis suae a nobis1 ut debitam ob$i5tiam a sua creatura1 quae conditori suo ob$ire t5etur4 7#bgd47 ,aga93 ,! ,law has n ! necessity ( salvation1 b ! necessity ( obligation 7non habet lex necessitatem salutis1 s$ necessitatem debiti74 ,=1 z said1 ev5 ?\gh a man w\ld mo/ p]fectly d ! works ( ! ,law1 he w\ld n obta9 salvation on acc\nt ( ^! works4 ,nor is ,god "u obligation to man1 b man is "u obligation to ,god4 ,& 9 ! ,law ,god requires ( man ! ob$i5ce he owes2 ,he does n require an ob$i5ce ) ! promise ( salvation4 7#bgf47 ,z to ,otto1 he di/+ui%$1 9 a s]ies ( ,lat9 !ses a d\ble (fice ( ! ,law1 ! ecclesia/ical2 & political--(ficium ecclesia/icum & (ficium politicum4 ,! =m] is to give k ( s92 ! latt]1 to co]ce ! old man & ma9ta9 ord] among ! ob/9ate4 ,he d5i$ t ! ,law 9 any way s]ves ,*ri/ians ) respect to good works4 ,otto decl>$3 ,! ,law is useful & necess>y nei!r = ju/ification nor = any good works4 ,b fai? 9 ,*ri/ ! ,m$iator alone is useful & necess>y bo? = ju/ification & ! good works !mselves4 ,lex enim non modo ad iu/ificationem s$ neque ad ulla bona op]a utilis et necess>ia e/4 ,s$ sola fides 9 ,*ri/um m$iatorem utilis et necess>ia e/ tam ad iu/ificationem quam ad ipsa bona op]a4 ,quot+ ,lu!r1 he said3 ,! highe/ art ( ,*ri/ians is to "k no?+ ( ! ,law1 to ignore works4 ,summa ars ,*ri/ianorum e/ nescire legem1 ignor>e op]a1 i4e41 9 ! article ( ju/ification1 z ,otto did n fail to add by way ( explanation4 7,lu!r1 ,weim> #dj1 #a1 #dc2 ,ts*ack]t1 #dhe47 ,seeb]g rem>ks t 9 reality1 ,poa* & ,otto 7 m]ely oppos$ to su* an int]pretation ( ! ,?ird ,use ( ! ,law z made ! ,law a motive ( good works1 & h5ce c\ld n be *>g$ ) ant9omianism prop]4 7#d1 #dhh;f47 ,planck1 ,frank1 & o!r hi/orians h fa!r$ ^u ,otto also a s]ies ( radical ,g]man !ses1 :i*1 h[ev]1 7 compos$1 n by ,otto1 b probably by "s ( 8 adh]5ts4 ,^! !ses1 9 :i* all ( ! errors ( ,agricola are revamp$1 7 discuss$ at ! ,alt5burg colloquy1 #aefh to #aefi2 _! au?or1 h[ev]1 0 n m5tion$4 ,we submit ! foll[+3 #a4 ,! ,law does n tea* good works1 nor %\ld x be prea*$ 9 ord] t we may d good works4 #c4 ,moses knew no?+ ( our fai? & religion4 #e4 ,evangelical prea*]s are to prea* ! ,gospel only1 & no ,law4 #g4 ,a ,*ri/ian :o believes %\ld d absolutely no?+1 nei!r :at is good nor :at is evil4 #aj4 ,we %\ld pray ,god t we may rema9 /eadfa/ 9 fai? till our end1 )\t all works4 #ad4 ,! ,holy ,_s does n "w accord+ to ! norm or rule ( ! ,law1 b by ,himself1 )\t ! assi/ance ( ! ,law4 #af4 ,a believ+ ,*ri/ian is supra omnem ob$i5tiam1 above all ,law & all ob$i5ce4 #ag4 ,! rebuk+ s]mons ( ! prophets d n at all p]ta9 to ,*ri/ians4 #ba4 ,! ,law1 good works1 & new ob$i5ce h no place 9 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/1 b 9 ! _w j z ,moses & ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,pope4 #be4 ,! ,law has no place 9 ! ,*ur* or 9 ! pulpit1 b 9 ! c\rt-h\se 7,ra?aus74 #bh4 ,! ,?ird ,use ( ! ,law is a blasphemy 9 !ology & a mon/rosity 9 ! realm ( nature 7port5tum 9 r]um natura74 #bi4 ,no man c be sav$ if ! ,?ird ,use ( ! ,law is true & is to be taught 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,holy ,_s 9 man kn[s no?+ ( ! ,law2 ! fle%1 h[ev]1 is betimes 9 ne$ ( ! ,law4 7,ts*ack]t1 #dhe2 ,planck #e1 #a1 #fb47 ,frank also quotes3 ,! ,*ri/ians or ! reg5]ate are deifi$ 7v]goett]t72 yea1 !y are !mselves ,god & _c s94 ,god has n giv5 y ,8 ,^w t y %\ld be sav$ !reby 7dass du dadur* soll/ selig w]d572 & :oev] seeks no m f ,god ?an salvation 7,seligkeit7 seeks j z mu* z a l\se 9 a scab4 ,su* ,*ri/ians are ! devil's own1 toge!r ) all _! good works4 7#b1 #cbf4 #bge47 ,also ,musculus is numb]$ among ! !ologians :o 7 n always suffici5tly discreet & gu>d$ 9 _! /atem5ts conc]n+ ! necessity ( good works & ! use ( ! ,law4 ,all expressions ( ! ,apo/le ,paul reg>d+ ! spiritual use ( ! ,law1 said ,musculus1 mu/ be und]/ood z ref]r+ to su* only z are to be ju/ifi$1 n to ^? :o are ju/ifi$ 7de iu/ific&is1 non de iu/ificatis74 ,b he add$3 ,= ^!1 9 z f> z !y rema9 9 ,*ri/1 are f> outside ( & above e law4 ,hi enim1 quat5us 9 ,*ri/o man5t1 longe extra et supra omnem legem sunt4 7,ts*ack]t4 #dhf47 ,mi*ael ,ne&] ( ,ilfeld1 a fri5d ( ,otto 0 also suspect$ ( ant9omianism4 ,he d5i$ t !re is any relation :atev] betwe5 ! ,law & a reg5]ate ,*ri/ian4 ,b he1 too1 0 c>eful en\gh to add3 9 z f> z he is j or lives by ! _s1 quat5us e/ iu/us seu spiritu vivit4 ,9 a lett]1 ,ne&] said3 ,i adh]e to ! op9ion t ! ,law is n giv5 to ! j 9 any use or (fice :atsoev]1 9 s f> z he is j or lives by ! _s4444 ',= ! ,law1' z ,lu!r says 9 8 m>g9al note to ,j]emiah1 *ap4 #ca1 'is no long] ov] u1 b "u u1 & does n surr\nd u any m4' ,love rules & gov]ns all laws1 & frequ5tly some?+ is true accord+ to ! ,law1 b false accord+ to love 7saepeque aliquid lege v]um1 dilectione tam5 falsum e/74 ,= love is ! /atute1 measure1 norm1 & rule ( all ?+s on e>?4444 ,! ,law only accuses & damns1 & ap>t f ?is x has no o!r use or (fice1 i4e41 ! ,law rema9s ! norm ( good works to all et]nity1 also 9 hell aft] ! ,la/ ,day1 b = ! unju/ & reprobate1 & = ! fle% 9 e man4 ,to ! j1 reg5]at$1 & new man1 h[ev]1 x is n ! norm ( good works1 i4e41 ! ,law does n gov]n1 regulate1 & tea* ! j man2 i4e41 x is n active ) respect to him z x is ) respect to an unju/ man1 b is r regulat$ & gov]n$ & taught by ! j man4 ,x no long] drives ! j 7z x did be=e conv]sion & z x /ill drives ! fle%71 b is n[ driv5 & suff]s1 s9ce z j m5 we are no long] "u ! ,law1 b above ! ,law & lords ( ! ,law4 ,h[1 !re=e1 c ! ,law be a norm to ! j man :5 he is ! "l ( ! ,law1 comm&s ! ,law1 & frequ5tly does :at is contr>y to ! ,law 7cum iu/us legis sit dom9us1 legi imp]et et saepe legi contr>ia faciat78444 ,:5 ! j man m$itates 9 ! ,law ( ! ,"l day & night1 :5 he e/abli%es ! ,law by fai?1 :5 he loves ! ,law & admires ! inexhau/ible wisdom ( ! div9e ,law1 :5 he does good works writt5 & prescrib$ 9 ! ,law 7z inde$ he alone c71 :5 he uses ! ,law aright1--all ^! are nei!r ! ?ird1 nor ! f\r?1 nor ! twelf?1 nor ! fiftie? use or (fice ( ! ,law1444 b fruits ( fai?1 ( ! ,_s1 or reg5]ation4444 ,b ! ,old ,man1 :o is n yet new1 or a "p ( him :i* is n z yet reg5]at$1 has ne$ ( ?is ,law1 & he is to be comm&$3 ',put on ! new man2 put (f ! old4' 7,s*luesselburg #d1 #fa2 ,ts*ack]t1 #dhd47 #aie4 ,melan*?on & ! ,philippi/s4 ,a fur!r controv]sy conc]n+ ! prop] di/9ction betwe5 ! ,law & ! ,gospel 0 caus$ by ! ,philippi/s 9 ,witt5b]g ^: tea*+ 0 some:at ak9 to t ( ,agricola4 ,!y held t ! ,gospel1 9 ! n>r[ s5se ( ! t]m1 & z di/+ui%$ f ! ,law1 is ! mo/ p[]ful prea*+ ( rep5tance4 7,frank #b1 #cbg47 ,tak+ 8 cue f ,lu!r1 ,melan*?on1 9 8 ,loci ( #aeba z well z 9 lat] writ+s1 cle>ly di/+ui%$ betwe5 ,law & ,gospel4 7,c4 ,r4 #ba1 #aci2 #bc1 #di2 #ab1 #egf47 ,true1 he _h taught1 also 9 ! ,apology1 t1 9 ! wid] s5se1 ! ,gospel is bo? a prea*+ ( rep5tance & =giv5ess ( s94 ,b ?is1 z ! ,=mula ( ,concord expla9s1 0 p]fectly correct & 9 keep+ ) ! ,scriptures4 ,h[ev]1 9 repeat+ ! /atem5t t ! ,gospel embraces bo? ! prea*+ ( rep5tance & =giv5ess ( s9s1 ,melan*?on 0 n always suffici5tly c>eful to preclude misappreh5sion & misund]/&+4 ,inde$1 "s ( ! /atem5ts he made aft] ,lu!r's dea? are mislead+1 & did n escape ! *all5ge ( loyal ,lu!rans4 ,dur+ a disputation 9 #aedh1 at :i* ,melan*?on presid$1 ,flacius criticiz$ ! unqualifi$ ass]tion t ! ,gospel 0 a prea*+ ( rep5tance1 b 0 satisfi$ :5 ,melan*?on expla9$ t ! t]m ,gospel 0 "h us$ 9 ! wid] s5se1 z compris+ ! entire doctr9e ( ,*ri/4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ,melan*?on1 dur+ ano!r disputation1 #aeef1 decl>$3 ,! m9i/ry ( ! ,gospel rebukes ! o!r s9s :i* ! ,law %[s1 z well z ! sadde/ ( s9s :i* is reveal$ by ! ,gospel 7hoc tri/issimum peccatum1 quod 9 ,evangelio o/5ditur71 viz41 t ! _w ignores & despises ! ,son ( ,god4 ,flacius consid]$ x 8 pla9 duty to regi/] a public prote/4 ,x 0 a tea*+ :i* 01 at lea/ 9 "p1 ! same error t ,lu!r1 & =m]ly also ,melan*?on himself1 _h d5\nc$ :5 esp\s$ by ,agricola1 viz41 t g5u9e contrition is wr\ght1 n by ! ,law1 b by ! ,gospel2 by ! prea*+1 n ( ! violation ( ! ,law1 b ( ! violation ( ! ,son4 7,c4 ,r4 #ab1 #fcd4 #fdj47 ,^! mislead+ /atem5ts ( ,melan*?on 7 religi\sly cultivat$ & zeal\sly def5d$ by ! ,witt5b]g ,philippi/s4 ,) a good deal ( animosity !y emphasiz$ t ! ,gospel 9 its mo/ prop] s5se is also a prea*+ ( rep5tance 7pra$icatio po5it5tiae1 ,busspr$igt71 inasmu* z x reveal$ ! bas5ess ( s9 & ! greatness ( its (f5se aga9/ ,god1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 inasmu* z ! ,gospel alone uncov]$1 rebuk$1 & condemn$ ! hidd5 s9 7arcanum peccatum7 & ! *ief s9 ( all1 ! s9 ( unbelief 7incr$ulitas et neglectio ,filii71 :i* alone condemns a man4 ,^! views1 :i* evid5tly involv$ a comm+l+ ( ! ,law & ! ,gospel1 7 set =? by ,paul ,crell 9 8 ,disputation aga9/ ,john ,wig&1 #aega1 & 7 def5d$ 9 ! ,propositions ,conc]n+ ! ,*ief ,controv]sies ( ,^! ,times 7also ( #aega71 by ,pezel & o!r ,witt5b]g !ologians4 7,frank #b1 #bgg4 #cbc47 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! ,philippi/s1 too1 7 *>g$ ) ant9omianism1 & 7 /r5u\sly oppos$ by su* !ologians z ,flacius1 ,amsdorf1 & ,wig&4 ,wig& attack$ ! ,witt5b]g ,propositions 9 8 book ( #aega1 ,conc]n+ ,ant9omianism1 ,old & ,new4 ,pezel answ]$ 9 8 ,apology ( ! ,true ,doctr9e on ! ,def9ition ( ! ,gospel1 #aega2 & ,paul ,crell1 9 ,spongia1 or #aej ,propositions ,conc]n+ ! ,def9ition ( ! ,gospel1 ,oppos$ to ! ,/upid ,accusation ( ,john ,wig&1 #aega4 ,! tea*+ ( ! ,philippi/s 0 =mulat$ by ,paul ,crell z foll[s3 ,s9ce ?is greate/ & *ief s9 unbelief is reveal$1 rebuk$1 & condemn$ by ! ,gospel alone1 !re=e also ! ,gospel alone is expressly & p>ticul>ly1 truly & prop]ly1 a prea*+ & a voice ( rep5tance or conv]sion 9 its true & prop] s5se4 ,a solo evangelio1 cum peccatum hoc summum et praecipuum mon/retur1 arguatur et damnetur expresse ac nom9atim solum etiam evangelium v]e ac proprie pra$icatio ac vox e/ po5it5tiae sive conv]sionis v]e et proprie ita dictae4 7#bgg4 #cbg47 ,?is doctr9e ( ! ,philippi/s1 accord+ to :i* ! ,gospel 9 ! n>r[ & prop] s5se1 & z di/+ui%$ f ! ,law1 is a prea*+ ( rep5tance1 0 reject$ by ,article ,v ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord z foll[s3 ,b if ! ,law & ! ,gospel1 likewise also ,moses himself z a tea*] ( ! ,law & ,*ri/ z a prea*] ( ! ,gospel1 are contra/$ ) "o ano!r1 we believe1 tea*1 & confess t ! ,gospel is n a prea*+ ( rep5tance or repro(1 b prop]ly no?+ else ?an a prea*+ ( consolation1 & a joyful message :i* does n reprove or t]rify1 b com=ts consci5ces aga9/ ! t]rors ( ! ,law1 po9ts alone to ! m]it ( ,*ri/1 & raises !m up aga9 by ! lovely prea*+ ( ! grace & favor ( ,god1 obta9$ ?r\gh ,*ri/'s m]it4 7#hjc1 #g47 ,,xviii4 ,! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic ,controv]sy4 #aif4 ,cont5ts & ,purpose ( ,articles ,,vii & ,,viii4 ,9 all ( its articles ! ,=mula ( ,concord is b a reafflrmation ( ! doctr9es taught & def5d$ by ,lu!r4 ,! fire ( prolong$ & hot controv]sies ?r\gh :i* ^! doctr9es pass$ aft] 8 dea? _h b /r5g!n$ ! ,lu!rans 9 _! conviction t 9 e po9t ,lu!r's tea*+ 0 inde$ no?+ b ! pure ,^w ( ,god itself4 ,x _h increas$ ! consci\sness t1 9 believ+ & tea*+ z !y did1 !y 7 n foll[+ m]e human au?orities1 su* z ,lu!r & ! ,lu!ran ,confessions1 b ! ,holy ,scriptures1 by :i* alone _! consci5ces 7 b\nd4 ,articles ,,vii & ,,viii ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 too1 reass]t ,lu!r's doctr9es on ! ,"l's ,supp] & ! p]son ( ,*ri/ z be+ 9 e p>ticul> ! cle> & unmi/akable tea*+ ( ! div9e ,^w1--two doctr9es1 by ! way1 :i* p]haps m ?an any o!r s]ve z ! acid te/ :e!r ! fundam5tal attitude ( a *ur* or a !ologian is truly ,scriptural & fully free f e rationali/ic & en?usia/ic infection4 ,! ,sev5? ,article tea*es ! real & sub/antial pres5ce ( ! true body & blood ( ,*ri/2 _! sacram5tal union 91 )1 & "u ! elem5ts ( bread & w9e2 ! oral m&ucation or eat+ & dr9k+ ( bo? sub/ances by unbeliev+ z well z believ+ communicants4 ,x ma9ta9s t ?is pres5ce ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 ?\gh real1 is nei!r an impanation nor a companation1 nei!r a local inclusion nor a mixture ( ! two sub/ances1 b illocal & transc5d5t4 ,x holds t ! eat+ ( ! body & ! dr9k+ ( ! blood ( ,*ri/1 ?\gh truly done ) ! m\? ( ! body1 is n ,cap]naitic1 or natural1 b sup]natural4 ,x affirms t ?is real pres5ce is effect$1 n by any human p[]1 b by ! omnipot5t p[] ( ,*ri/ 9 accordance ) ! words ( ! in/itution ( ! ,sacram5t4 ,! ,eigh? ,article treats ( ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 ( ! p]sonal union ( ,8 two natures1 ( ! communication ( ^! natures z well z ( _! attributes1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 ( ! imp>tation ( ! truly div9e maje/y to ,8 human nature & ! t]m9ology result+ !refrom4 ,"o p>ticul> object ( ,article ,,viii is also to %[ t ! doctr9e ( ! real pres5ce ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,holy ,supp]1 z taught by ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 does n1 z 0 cont5d$ by h] ,zw+lian & ,calv9i/ic adv]s>ies1 conflict 9 any way ) :at ! ,scriptures tea* conc]n+ ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 ,8 human nature1 ,8 asc5sion1 & ,8 sitt+ at ! "r h& ( ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty4 ,! s-call$ ,app5dix1 or ,catalogus1 a collection ( passages f ! ,bible & f ! fa!rs ( ! anci5t ,*ur*1 prep>$ by ,&reae & ,*emnitz 0 add$ to ! ,=mula ( ,concord 7?\gh n z an au?oritative "p ( x7 9 fur!r support ( ! ,lu!ran doctr9e p>ticul>ly conc]n+ ! div9e maje/y ( ! human nature ( ,*ri/4 ,bo? articles1 ! sev5? z well z ! eigh?1 7 incorporat$ 9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord 9 ord] ?or\ghly to purify ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* f ,re=m$ errors conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] & ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 :i* aft] ,lu!r's dea? _h worm$ _! way into "s ( h] s*ools & *ur*es1 especially ^? ( ,electoral ,saxony1 & to make h] =ev] immune aga9/ ! infection ( ,calv9ism 7,crypto-,calv9ism7--a t]m :i*1 dur+ ! controv]sies prec$+ ! ,=mula ( ,concord did n1 z is g5]ally ! case to-day1 ref] to ,calv9's absolute decree ( election & reprobation1 b to 8 doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 z =mulat$ by himself 9 ! ,cons5sus ,tigur9us 7,zuri* ,cons5sus71 issu$ #aedi4 ,! subtitle ( ?is confession reads3 ,cons5sio ,mutua 9 ,re ,sacram5t>ia ,m9i/rorum ,tigur9ae ,ecclesiae1 et ,d4 ,iohannis ,calv9i ,m9i/ri ,g5ev5sis ,ecclesiae1 iam nunc ab ipsis autoribus edita4 ,9 ?is confession1 !re=e1 ,calv9 decl>es 8 agreem5t ) ! tea*+ ( ,zw+li z repres5t$ by 8 foll[]s 9 ,zuri*1 notably ,bull+]4 ,/r5u\s ef=ts 7 made by ! ,calv9i/s & ,re=m$ ev]y:]e to make ! ,cons5sus ,tigur9us ! basis ( a pan-,prote/ant union1 & at ! same "t ! bann] "u :i* to conqu] all ,prote/ant c\ntries1 ,lu!ran ,g]many includ$1 = :at mu/ be reg>d$ z be+ ess5tially ,zw+lianism4 ,! ,cons5sus 0 adopt$ 9 ,switz]l&1 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,holl&4 ,9 ,lu!ran t]ritories1 too1 its tea*+ 0 rapidly ga9+ fri5ds1 notably 9 ,s\!rn ,g]many1 :]e ,buc] _h prep>$ ! way = x1 & 9 ,electoral ,saxony :]e ! ,philippi/s (f]$ no resi/ance4 ,g>ni%$ z x 0 ) glitt]+ & seem+ly or?odox phrases1 ! ,cons5sus ,tigur9us l5t itself admirably = su* ,re=m$ propag&a4 ,! consequ5ce 01 says ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 t _m great m5 7 deceiv$ by ^! f9e1 plausible words--spl5didis et magnificis v]bis4 7#igc1 #f47 ,to c\nt]act ?is deception1 to e/abli% ,lu!r's doctr9e ( ! real pres5ce ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 & to def5d x aga9/ ! sophi/ries ( ! ,sacram5t>ians3 ,zw+lians1 ,calv9i/s1 & ,crypto-,calv9i/s--su* 0 ! object ( ,articles ,,vii & ,,viii ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 #aig4 ,john ,calv94 ,calv9 0 born ,july #aj1 #aeji1 9 ,noyon1 ,france4 ,he began 8 /udies 9 ,p>is1 #aebc prep>+ = !ology4 ,9 #aebi 8 fa!r induc$ him to take up law 9 ,orleans & ,b\rges4 ,9 #aeca he return$ to 8 !ological /udies 9 ,p>is4 ,"h he exp]i5c$ :at he himself describes z a sudd5 conv]sion4 ,he jo9$ ! ,re=m$ congregation1 & be=e long 0 its ackn[l$g$ lead]4 ,9 #aecc he 0 compell$ to leave ,france because ( 8 anti-,roman te/imony4 ,9 ,basel1 #aece1 he wrote ! fir/ draft ( 8 ,in/itutio ,religionis ,*ri/ianae4 ,9 ,g5eva :]e he 0 con/ra9$ to rema9 by ,william ,f>el born #adhi2 active z a fi]y ,prote/ant prea*] 9 ,meaux1 ,/rassburg1 ,zuri*1 ,b]n1 ,basel1 ,moempelg>d1 ,g5eva1 ,metz1 etc42 di$ #aefe1 ,calv9 develop$ & endeavor$ to put into practise 8 legali/ic ideal ( a !ocratic & rigor\s puritanical gov]nm5t4 ,z a result he 0 bani%$1 #aech4 ,he remov$ to ,/rassburg1 :]e he 0 held & engag$ by ,buc]4 ,he att5d$ ! conv5tions 9 ,frank=t1 #aeci2 ,hag5au1 #aedj2 ,worms1 #aedj2 & ,reg5sburg1 #aeda4 ,"h he got acqua9t$ ) ! ,lu!rans notably ,melan*?on4 ,septemb] #ac1 #aeda1 he return$ to ,g5eva1 :]e1 woefully mix+ ,/ate & ,*ur*1 he cont9u$ 8 re=matory & puritanical ef=ts4 ,"o ( ! victims ( 8 !ocratic gov]nm5t 0 ! anti-,tr9it>ian ,mi*ael ,s]vetus1 :o1 at ! in/ance ( ,calv91 0 burn$ at ! /ake1 ,octob] #bg1 #aeec4 ,9 #aeei ,calv9 e/abli%$ ! ,g5eva ,s*ool1 :i* ex]cis$ a f>-rea*+ !ological influ5ce4 ,he di$ ,may #bg1 #aefd4 ,calv9 repeat$ly express$ 8 unb\nd$ admiration = ,lu!r z a preem95t s]vant ( ,*ri/--praecl>us ,*ri/i s]vus4 7,c4 ,r4 #cg1 #ed47 ,9 8 ,answ] ( #aedc aga9/ ! ,romani/ ,pighius he said3 ,conc]n+ ,lu!r we te/ify )\t dissimulation n[ z h]et(ore t we e/eem him z a di/+ui%$ apo/le ( ,*ri/1 by ^: labor & s]vice1 above all1 ! purity ( ! ,gospel has be5 re/or$ at ?is "t4 ,de ,lu!ro nunc quoque sicut hact5us non dissimulant] te/amur1 eum nos hab]e pro insigni ,*ri/i apo/olo1 cuius maxime op]a et m9i/]io re/ituta hoc tempore fu]it ,evangelii puritas4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #afi47 ,ev5 aft] ,lu!r _h publi%$ 8 ,brief ,confession1 9 :i* he unsp>+ly d5\nces ! ,sacram5t>ians 7d5i]s ( ! real pres5ce ( ,*ri/'s body & blood 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]71 & sev]s all connection ) !m1 ,calv9 admoni%$ ,bull+] 9 a lett] dat$ ,novemb] #be1 #aedd1 to be> 9 m9d :at a great & wond]fully gift$ man ,lu!r 01 & ) :at =titude1 ability1 & p[]ful tea*+ he _h %att]$ ! k+dom ( ,anti*ri/ & propagat$ ! salut>y doctr9e4 ,i am frequ5tly accu/om$ to say1 he decl>$1 t1 ev5 if he %\ld call me a devil ,i w\ld accord him ! honor ( ackn[l$g+ him to be an em95t s]vant ( ,god4 ,9 ! orig9al ! rem>kable words ( ,calv9 read z foll[s3 ,s$ haec cupio vobis 9 m5tem v5ire1 primum quantus sit vir ,lu!rus1 et quantis dotibus excellat1 quanta animi =titud9e et con/antia quanta dext]itate1 quanta doctr9ae efficacia hact5us ad pr(lig&um ,anti*ri/i regnum et simul propag&am salutis doctr9am incubu]it4 ,saepe dic]e solitus sum1 etiamsi me diabolum voc>et1 me tam5 hoc illi honoris habiturum1 ut insignem ,dei s]vum agnoscam1 qui tam51 ut pollet eximiis virtutibus1 ita magnis vitiis laboret4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #afi2 ,c4 ,r4 #ci ,calv9i ,opp4 #aa1 #ggd47 ,h[ev]1 ?\gh he admir$ ! p]sonality ( ,lu!r1 ,calv91 l ,zw+li & ,oecolampadius at ,m>burg #aebi1 reveal$ a !ological _s :i* 0 altoge!r diff]5t f ,lu!r's4 ,9 p>ticul>1 he 0 viol5tly oppos$ to ,lu!r's doctr9es ( ! real pres5ce 9 ! ,"l's ,supp] & ( ! maje/y ( ! human nature ( ,*ri/4 ,reveal+ 8 animus1 ,calv9 br&$ ! /aun* & e>ne/ def5d]s ( ^! doctr9es z ! apes ( ,lu!r4 ,9 8 ,second ,def5se aga9/ ,we/phal1 #aeef1 he exclaim$3 ,o ,lu!r1 h[ few imitators ( y\r excell5ces1 b h[ _m apes ( y\r pi\s o/5tation h y left beh9d6 ,o ,lu!re1 quam paucos tuae prae/antiae imitatores1 quam multas v]o sanctae tuae iactantiae simias reliqui/i6 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bji47 ,true1 :5 9 ,/rassburg1 ,calv9 sign$ ! ,augsburg ,confession 7#aeci or #aedj71 & 0 g5]ally consid]$ a ,lu!ran4 ,h[ev]1 9 8 ,la/ ,admonition to ,we/phal1 ( #aeeg & 9 a lett] ( ! same ye> to ,m>t9 ,s*all+1 ,calv9 wrote3 ,nor d ,i repudiate ! ,augsburg ,confession1 to :i* ,i h previ\sly subscrib$1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! au?or himself ,melan*?on 9 ! ,v>iata ( #aedj has int]pret$ x4 ,nec v]o ,augu/anam ,confessionem repudio1 cui pridem vol5s ac lib5s subscripsi1 sicut eam auctor ipse int]pretatus e/4 7,c4 ,r4 #cg1 #adh47 ,accord+ to 8 own confession1 !re=e1 ,calv9's subscription to ! ,augu/ana1 at lea/ z f> z ! article ( ! ,"l's ,supp] is conc]n$1 0 ins9c]e & nugatory4 ,9 fact ,calv9 mu/ be reg>d$ z ! real orig9ator ( ! second controv]sy on ! ,"l's ,supp] betwe5 ! ,lu!rans & ! ,re=m$1 ev5 z ! fir/ conflict on ?is "q 0 begun1 n by ,lu!r1 b by 8 oppon5ts1 ,c>l/adt1 ,zw+li1 & ,oecolampadius4 ,= ! adoption ( ! ,cons5sus ,tigur9us 9 #aedi1 ref]r$ to above1 _c b be view$ z an ov]t act by :i* ! ,witt5b]g ,concord1 sign$ #aecf by repres5tative ,lu!ran & ,re=m$ !ologians1 0 publicly repudiat$ & ab&on$ by ,calv9 & 8 adh]5ts1 & :]eby an anti-,lu!ran propag&a on an ess5tially ,zw+lian basis 0 inaugurat$4 ,calv9 confirm$ ! s*ism betwe5 ! ,lu!rans & ! ,re=m$ :i* ,c>l/adt1 ,zw+li1 & ,oecolampadius _h orig9at$4 #aih4 ,calv9's ,zw+lianism4 ,! doctr9e ( ,calv9 & 8 adh]5ts conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] is frequ5tly *>act]iz$ z a mat]ially modifi$ ,zw+lianism4 ,s*aff ma9ta9s t ,calv9's !ory took a middle c\rse1 reta9+1 on ! basis ( ,zw+li's exegesis1 ! religi\s sub/ance ( ,lu!r's fai?1 & giv+ x a m intellectual & spiritual =m1 triumph$ 9 ,switz]l&1 ga9$ mu* favor 9 ,g]many & op5$ a fair prospect = union4 7,cre$s #a1 #bhj47 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 a fact admitt$ also by su* ,calv9i/s z ,hodge & ,%$d1 ,calv9's doctr9e 0 a d5ial 9 toto ( ! real pres5ce z taught by ,lu!r4 7,piep]1 ,dogm4 #c1 #ced47 ,calv9 held t aft] ,8 asc5sion ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,8 human nature1 0 locally enclos$ 9 heav51 f> away f ! e>?4 ,h5ce he d5i$ also ! real pres5ce ( ,*ri/'s body & blood 9 ! ,holy ,supp]4 ,9 fact1 ,calv9's doctr9e 0 no?+ b a poli%$ =m ( ,zw+li's crude tea*+1 c\*$ 9 phrases approa*+ ! ,lu!ran t]m9ology z closely z possible4 ,ev5 :]e he p>ad$ z ,lu!r1 ,calv9 0 b ,zw+li disguis$ 7& poorly at t7 9 a seem+ly or?odox g>b & prom5ad+ ) sev]al imitation ,lu!ran fea!rs 9 8 hat4 ,9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord we read3 ,al?\gh "s ,sacram5t>ians /rive to employ words t come z close z possible to ! ,augsburg ,confession & ! =m & mode ( spee* 9 its *ur*es1 & confess t 9 ! ,holy ,supp] ! body ( ,*ri/ is truly receiv$ by believ]s1 /ill1 :5 we insi/ t !y /ate _! mean+ prop]ly1 s9c]ely1 & cle>ly1 !y all decl>e !mselves unanim\sly ?us3 t ! true ess5tial body & blood ( ,*ri/ is abs5t f ! consecrat$ bread & w9e 9 ! ,holy ,supp] z f> z ! highe/ heav5 is f ! e>?4444 ,!re=e !y und]/& ?is pres5ce ( ! body ( ,*ri/ n z a pres5ce "h ^u e>?1 b only respectu fidei 7) respect to fai?71 t is1 t our fai?1 rem9d$ & excit$ by ! visible signs1 j z by ! ,^w prea*$1 elevates itself & asc5ds above all heav5s1 & receives & enjoys ! body ( ,*ri/1 :i* is !re 9 heav5 pres5t1 yea1 ,*ri/ ,himself1 toge!r ) all ,8 b5efits1 9 a mann] true & ess5tial1 b nev]!less spiritual only2444 consequ5tly no?+ else is receiv$ by ! m\? 9 ! ,holy ,supp] ?an bread & w9e4 7#iga1 #b;f47 ,?is is1 & 0 int5d$ to be1 a pres5tation ( ,calv9ism z be+ no?+ b ,zw+lianism clo!d 9 seem+ly or?odox phrases4 ,t ?is picture drawn by ! ,=mula ( ,concord is n a c>icature or 9 any po9t a misrepres5tation ( ,calv9ism appe>s f ! ,cons5sus ,tigur9us itself1 :]e we read3 ,9 z f> z ,*ri/ is a man1 ,he is to be s\ght n[h]e else ?an 9 heav5 & 9 no o!r mann] ?an ) ! m9d & ! und]/&+ ( fai?4 ,!re=e x is a p]v]se & impi\s sup]/ition to include ,him "u elem5ts ( ?is _w4 ,*ri/us1 quat5us homo e/1 non alibi quam 9 coelo nec alit] quam m5te et fidei intellig5tia qua]5dus e/4 ,qu>e p]v]sa et impia sup]/itio e/1 ipsum sub elem5tis huius mundi includ]e4 ,aga93 ,we repudiate ^? :o urge ! lit]al int]pretation ( ! words ( in/itution z prepo/]\s int]pret]s4 ,= beyond controv]sy1 !y are to be tak5 figuratively1444 z :5 by metonymy ! "n ( ! symboliz$ ?+ is transf]r$ to ! sign--ut p] metonymiam ad signum transf]atur rei figuratae nom54 ,aga93 ,nor d we reg>d x z less absurd to place ,*ri/ "u1 & to unite ,him )1 ! bread ?an to *ange ! bread into ,8 body4 ,neque enim m9us absurdum iudicamus1 ,*ri/um sub pane loc>e vel cum pane copul>e1 quam panem transub/anti>e 9 corpus eius4 ,aga93 ,:5 we say t ,*ri/ is to be s\ght 9 heav51 ?is mode ( spee* expresses a di/ance ( place1444 because ! body ( ,*ri/1444 be+ f9ite & conta9$ 9 heav51 z 9 a place1 mu/ ( necessity be remov$ f u by z great a di/ance z ! heav5 is remov$ f ! e>?--necesse e/1 a nobis tanto locorum int]vallo di/>e1 quanto caelum abe/ a t]ra4 7,niemey]1 ,collectio ,confessionum1 #aif47 ,su* 0 ! tea*+ cunn+ly advocat$ by ,calv9 & 8 adh]5ts ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s 9 ,g]many includ$ b boldly & firmly oppos$ by ! loyal ,lu!rans1 & f9ally dispos$ ( by ,articles ,,vii & ,,viii ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 #aii4 ,melan*?on's ,public ,attitude4 ,z /at$1 ,calv9's doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp] 0 receiv$ ) increas+ favor also 9 ,lu!ran t]ritories1 notably 9 ,s\!rn ,g]many & ,electoral ,saxony1 :]e ! numb] ( !ologians & laym5 :o secretly adopt$ & began to spread x 0 rapidly increas+4 ,!y 7 call$ ,crypto-,calv9i/s 7secret or mask$ ,calv9i/s7 because1 :ile !y subscrib$ to ! ,augsburg ,confession1 claim$ to be loyal ,lu!rans1 & occupi$ mo/ important positions 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 !y 9 reality 7 propag&i/s ( ,calv9ism1 zeal\sly endeavor+ to suppress ,lu!r's books & doctr9es1 & to sub/itute = !m ! views ( ,calv94 ,inde$1 ,calv9 claim$ bo? privately & publicly t ,melan*?on himself 0 8 ally4 ,&1 entirely ap>t f :at ! latt] may privately h confid$ to him1 !re c be little d\bt t ,calv9's ass]tions 7 n altoge!r )\t f\ndation4 ,9 fact1 !ologically z well z e?ically1 ,melan*?on mu/ be reg>d$ z ! spiritual fa!r also ( ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s4 ,true1 orig9ally ,melan*?on fully %>$ ,lu!r's views on ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,at ,m>burg1 #aebi1 he 0 /ill viol5tly oppos$ to ! ,zw+lians & _! pr(ane tea*+ 9 an ,op9ion on ,c>l/adt's doctr9e1 ( ,octob] #i1 #afbe1 he affirms t ,*ri/1 bo? z ,god & man1 i4e41 ) ,8 body & blood is pres5t 9 ! ,supp]4 7,c4 ,r4 #a1 #gfj47 ,9 ,septemb] ( ! foll[+ ye> he wrote to ,philip ,eb]ba*3 ,"k t ,lu!r's tea*+ conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] is v old 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,hoc scito1 ,lu!ri s5t5tiam p]vet]em 9 ecclesia esse4 7#hbc47 ,?is he repeats 9 a lett] ( ,novemb] #aa1 also to ,eb]ba*4 ,9 an ,op9ion ( ,may #ae #aebi3 ,i am satisfi$ t ,i %all n agree ) ! ,/rassburg]s all my life1 & ,i "k t ,zw+li & 8 compe]s write falsely conc]n+ ! ,sacram5t4 7#ajfg47 ,june #bj #aebi1 to ,j]ome ,baumga]tn]3 ,i w\ld r die ?an see our p become contam9at$ by ! society ( ! ,zw+lian cause4 ,nam mori malim1 quam societate ,c+lianae causae no/ros contam9>e4 ,my de> ,j]ome1 x is a great cause1 b few consid] x4 ,i %all be la%$ to dea? on acc\nt ( ?is matt]4 7,c4 ,r4 #a1 #ajgg2 #b1 #ah47 ,novemb] #b1 #aebi1 to ,john ,fesel3 ,i admoni% y mo/ e>ne/ly to avoid ! ,zw+lian dogmas4 ,y\r ,judimagi/] ,eb]ba*1 ,i fe>1 loves ^! pr(ane disputations too mu*4 ,i "k t ! tea*+ ( ,zw+li c be upheld nei!r ) ! ,scriptures nor ) ! au?ority ( ! anci5ts4 ,conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 !re=e1 tea* z ,lu!r does4 7#a1 #aaji47 ,9 ,febru>y1 #aecj1 he wrote3 ,! te/imonies ( anci5t writ]s conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] :i* ,i h compil$ are n[ be+ pr9t$4 7#b1 #ah47 ,9 ?is publication ,melan*?on endeavor$ to %[ by quotations f ,cyril1 ,*ryso/om ,vulg>ius1 ,hil>y1 ,cyprian1 ,ir5aeus1 & ,augu/9e t ,zw+li's int]pretation ( ! words ( in/itution does n agree ) t ( ! anci5t ,*ur*4 7#bc1 #gcb47 ,accord+ to 8 own /atem5t1 ,melan*?on embodi$ ,lu!r's doctr9e 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession & reject$ t ( ! ,zw+lians4 7#b1 #adb4 #bab47 ,at ,augsburg1 ,melan*?on 0 mu* provok$ also :5 he he>d t ,buc] claim$ to be 9 doctr9al agreem5t ) ! ,lu!rans4 ,9 8 ,op9ion ,conc]n+ ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,sacram5t>ians1 writt5 9 ,augu/1 #aecj1 we read3 #a4 ,! ,zw+lians believe t ! body ( ! ,"l c be pres5t 9 b "o place4 #b4 ,likewise t ! body ( ,*ri/ _c be any:]e except locally only4 ,!y vehem5tly cont5d t x is contr>y to ! nature ( a body to be any:]e 9 a mann] n local2 also1 t x is inconsi/5t ) ! nature ( a body to be 9 diff]5t places at ! same "t4 #c4 ,= ?is reason !y conclude t ! body ( ,*ri/ is circumscrib$ 9 heav5 9 a c]ta9 place1 s t x c 9 no way be else:]e at ! same "t & t 9 tru? & reality x is f> away f ! bread1 & n 9 ! bread & ) ! bread4 #d4 ,buc] is !re=e manife/ly wrong 9 cont5d+ t !y ! ,zw+lians are 9 agreem5t ) u4 ,= we say t x is n necess>y = ! body ( ,*ri/ to be 9 b "o place4 ,we say t x c be 9 diff]5t places1 :e!r ?is occurs locally or 9 "s o!r secret way by :i* diff]5t places are z "o po9t pres5t at ! same "t to ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,we1 !re=e1 affirm a true & real pres5ce ( ! body ( ,*ri/ ) ! bread4 #e4 ,if ,buc] wi%es to accept ! op9ion ( ,zw+li & ,oecolampadius1 he w nev] d>e to say t ! body ( ,*ri/ is really ) ! bread )\t geometric di/ance4 #i4 ,"h !y ! ,zw+lians wi% ! ^w 'pres5ce' to be und]/ood only conc]n+ efficacy & ! ,holy ,_s4 #aj4 ,we1 h[ev]1 require n only ! pres5ce ( p[]1 b ( ! body4 ,?is ,buc] purposely disguises4 #aa4 ,!y simply hold t ! body ( ,*ri/ is 9 heav51 & t 9 reality x is nei!r ) ! bread nor 9 ! bread4 #ab4 ,nev]!less !y say t ! body ( ,*ri/ is truly pres5t1 b by contemplation ( fai?1 i4e41 by imag9ation4 #ac4 ,su* is simply _! op9ion4 ,!y deceive m5 by say+ t ! body is truly pres5t1 yet add+ aft]w>ds1 'by contemplation ( fai?1' i4e41 by imag9ation4 #ad4 ,we tea* t ,*ri/'s body is truly & really pres5t ) ! bread or 9 ! bread4 #ae4 ,al?\gh we say t ! body ( ,*ri/ is really pres5t1 ,lu!r does n say t x is pres5t locally1 namely1 9 "s mass1 by circumscription2 b 9 ! mann] by :i* ,*ri/'s p]son or ! entire ,*ri/ is pres5t to all creatures4444 ,we d5y transub/antiation1 & t ! body is locally 9 ! bread1 etc4 7#b1 #bbb4 #caa4 #cae47 ,su* 7 ! views ( ,melan*?on 9 & be=e #aecj4 ,& publicly & =mally he cont9u$ to adh]e to ,lu!r's tea*+4 ,9 an ,op9ion writt5 #aecd1 prior to 8 conv5tion ) ,buc] at ,cassel1 he said3 ,if ,*ri/ 7 a m]e creature & n ,god1 ,he w\ld n be ) u ess5tially1 ev5 if ,he _h ! gov]nm5t2 b s9ce ,he is ,god1 ,he gives ,8 body z a te/imony t ,he is ess5tially ) u always4 ,?is s5se ( ! ,sacram5t is bo? simple & com=t+4444 ,!re=e ,i conclude t ,*ri/'s body & blood are truly ) ! bread & w9e1 t is to say1 ,*ri/ ess5tially1 n figuratively4 ,b "h we mu/ ca/ aside ! ?\ghts pr(f]$ by reason1 viz41 h[ ,*ri/ asc5ds & desc5ds1 hides ,himself 9 ! bread1 & is n[h]e else4 7#b4 #hja47 ,9 #aecf ,melan*?on sign$ ! ,witt5b]g ,concord1 :i* pla9ly taught t ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ are receiv$ also by unwor?y gue/s4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #igg1 #ab;ff47 ,9 #aecg he subscrib$ to ! ,smalcald ,articles1 9 :i* ,lu!r br\ght out 8 doctr9e ( ! real pres5ce 9 mo/ unequivocal t]ms1 decl>+ t bread & w9e 9 ! ,supp] are ! true body & blood ( ,*ri/1 & are giv5 & receiv$ n only by ! godly1 b also by wick$ ,*ri/ians4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #dic1 #a47 ,9 8 lett] to ,flacius ( ,septemb] #e1 #aeef1 ,melan*?on solemnly decl>$3 ,i h nev] *ang$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,confession4 7,c4 ,r4 #h1 #hda47 ,septemb] #f1 #aeeg1 he wrote3 ,we all embrace & reta9 ! ,confession toge!r ) ! ,apology & ! confession ( ,lu!r writt5 previ\s to ! ,synod at ,mantua4 7#i1 #bfj47 ,aga91 9 ,novemb] ( ! same ye>3 ,reg>d+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 we reta9 ! ,augsburg ,confession & ,apology4 7#i1 #cga47 ,9 an ,op9ion ( ,m>* #d1 #aeeh1 ,melan*?on decl>$ t 9 ! ,holy ,supp] ! ,son ( ,god is truly & sub/antially pres5t 9 su* a mann] t :5 we use x1 ,he gives u ) ! bread & w9e ,8 body1 etc41 & t ,zw+li 0 wrong :5 he decl>$ t x is a m]e outw>d sign1 & t ,*ri/ is n ess5tially pres5t 9 x1 & t x is a m]e sign by :i* ,*ri/ians "k ea* o!r4 7#i1 #dgb;f47 ,sev]al mon?s be=e 8 dea?1 9 8 preface to ! ,corpus ,philippicum1 ,melan*?on decl>$ t 9 ! ,holy ,supp] ,*ri/ is truly & sub/antially pres5t & truly adm9i/]$ to ^? :o take ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 & t 9 x ,he gives ,8 body & blood to him :o eats & dr9ks4 7,ri*>d4 #chi47 #bjj4 ,melan*?on's ,private ,views4 ,:ile ,melan*?on 9 a public & =mal way1 cont9u$1 9 ! mann] indicat$1 to ma9ta9 or?odox appe>ances till 8 dea?1 he _h inw>dly & 9 reality s9ce #aecj come to be m & m ( a /rang] to ,lu!r's firmness ( conviction1 also ) respect to ! doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,influ5c$ by an undue respect = ! au?ority ( ! anci5t fa!rs & misl$ by 8 reason or1 z ,lu!r put x1 by 8 philosophy1 he gradually lo/ 8 firm hold on ! cle> words ( ! in/itution ( ! ,holy ,supp]4 ,z a result he became a wav]+ re$1 driv5 to & fro ) ! w9d1 n[ v]g+ t[>d ,lu!r1 n[ t[>d ,calv94 ,always oscillat+ betwe5 tru? & error1 he 0 unable to rise to ! c]ta9ty ( firm doctr9al conviction1 & ! immovable /& :i* *>act]iz$ ,lu!r4 ,9 a lett] dat$ ,may #bd1 #aech1 9 :i* he reveal$ ! torm5ts ( 8 di/ract$ & d\bt+ s\l1 he wrote to ,veit ,dietri*3 ,"k t = t5 ye>s nei!r a night nor a day has pass$ 9 :i* ,i did n reflect on ?is matt]1 ! ,"l's ,supp]4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #ecg47 ,& 8 d\bts l$ to a dep>ture f 8 own =m] position1--a fact = :i* also suffici5t evid5ces are n :olly lack+4 ,already 9 #aeca1 says ,seeb]g1 ,melan*?on secretly express$ 8 op9ion pla9ly en\gh to ! effect t x 0 suffici5t to ackn[l$ge a pres5ce ( ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 b n a union ( ! body & ! bread4 ,ep41 p4#he4 7,dogg4 #d1 #b1 #ddg47 ,t ,melan*?on's lat] public /atem5ts & prote/ations conc]n+ 8 fai?ful adh]5ce to ! doctr9e ( ! ,augsburg ,confession mu/ be m or less disc\nt$1 appe>s1 ap>t f o!r consid]ations1 f 8 own admission t he 0 wont to dissimulate 9 ^! & o!r matt]s2 f 8 private lett]s1 9 :i* he favorably ref]s to ! symbolical int]pretation ( ! words ( in/itution2 f 8 communication to ,philip ( ,hesse ) reg>d to ,lu!r's article on ! ,"l's ,supp] at ,smalcald1 ref]r$ to 9 a previ\s *apt]2 f ! *anges :i* he made #aedj 9 ,article ,x ( ! ,augsburg ,confession2 f 8 lat] indef9ite /atem5ts conc]n+ ! real pres5ce 9 ! ,holy ,supp]2 f 8 intimate relations & 8 cordial correspond5ce ) ,calv92 f 8 public indiff]5ce & neutrality dur+ ! eu*>i/ic controv]sy ) ! ,calv9i/s2 & f 8 unfri5dly attitude t[>d ! *ampions ( ,lu!r 9 ?is conflict4 #bja4 ,misl$ by ,oecolampadius & ,buc]4 ,t ,melan*?on p]mitt$ himself to be guid$ by human au?orities r ?an by ! cle> ,^w ( ,god alone1 appe>s f ! fact t ,oecolampadius's ,dialogus ( #aecj--:i* endeavor$ to %[ t ! symbolical int]pretation ( ! words ( in/itution is f\nd also 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,*ur* ,fa!rs1 notably 9 ^? ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & :i* ,melan*?on1 9 a lett] to ,lu!r 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #bag71 says1 0 writt5 ) great] exactness 7accuratius7 ?an he is o!rwise wont to write--made su* a pr(\nd impression on him t ev] s9ce1 z is %[n by "s ( 8 private lett]s1 to :i* we %all pres5tly ref]1 he look$ ) increas+ favor on ! figurative int]pretation4 ,z a result1 ,melan*?on's attitude t[>d ! ,s\!rn ,g]mans & ! ,zw+lians also und]w5t a m>k$ *ange4 ,:5 he left to att5d ! conf]5ce ) ,buc] at ,cassel1 9 ,decemb]1 #aecd1 ,lu!r 9 /rong t]ms enjo9$ him to def5d ! sacram5tal union & ! oral eat+ & dr9k+2 namely1 t 9 & ) ! bread ! body ( ,*ri/ is truly pres5t1 di/ribut$1 & eat54 ,lu!r's ,op9ion 9 ?is matt]1 dat$ ,decemb] #ag1 #aecd1 concludes z foll[s ,und i/ ,summa das uns]e ,me9ung1 dass wahrhaftig 9 und mit dem ,brot d] ,leib ,*ri/i gegess5 wird1 also dass alles1 0 das ,brot wirkt und leidet1 d] ,leib ,*ri/i wirke und leide1 dass er ausgeteilt gegess5 und mit d5 ,zaehn5 z]biss5 w]de4 7,/4 ,l4 #ag1 #bjeb47 ,self-evid5tly1 :5 writ+ ?us1 ,lu!r _h no ,cap]naitic eat+ & dr9k+ 9 m9d1 8 object m]ely be+1 z /at$ to emphasize ! reality ( ! sacram5tal union4 ,janu>y #aj1 #aece1 h[ev]1 ! day aft] 8 return f ,cassel1 ,melan*?on wrote to 8 intimate fri5d ,cam]>ius t at ,cassel he _h be5 ! mess5g] n ( 8 own1 b ( a =eign op9ion4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #hbb7 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,melan*?on return$ to ,witt5b]g a conv]t to ! compromise =mula ( ,buc]1 accord+ to :i* ,*ri/'s body & blood are truly & sub/antially receiv$ 9 ! ,sacram5t1 b are n really connect$ ) ! bread & w9e1 ! signs or signa exhibitiva1 z ,buc] call$ !m4 ,/at+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,lu!r & ,buc]1 z he n[ saw x1 ,melan*?on said3 ,! only rema9+ "q !re=e is ! "o conc]n+ ! physical union ( ! bread & body1--& ( :at ne$ is ?is "q8 ,tantum igitur reliqua e/ quae/io de physica coniunctione panis et corporis1 qua quae/ione quid opus e/8 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #hbg4 #hdb2 ,/4 ,l4 #ag1 #bjeg47 ,to ,erh>d ,s*nepf he _h writt53 ,he ,buc] confesses t1 :5 ^! ?+s1 bread & w9e1 are giv51 ,*ri/ is truly & sub/antially pres5t4 ,z = me ,i w\ld n dem& any?+ fur!r4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #ghg47 ,9 ,febru>y he wrote to ,br5z3 ,i pla9ly judge t !y ,buc]1 etc4 are n f> f ! view ( our m52 inde$ 9 ! matt] itself !y agree ) u 7reipsa conv5ire72 nor d ,i condemn !m4 7#b1 #hdc2 ,/4 ,l4 #ag1 #bjfe47 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 n ,lu!r's view4 ,9 a foll[+ lett] ,melan*?on said3 ,al?\gh ,lu!r does n op5ly condemn x ! =mula ( ,buc]1 yet he did n wi% to give 8 op9ion ^u x z yet4 ,lu!rus1 etsi non plane damnat1 tam5 nondum voluit pronunti>e4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #hdc2 ,/4 ,l4 #ag1 #bjfb47 ,a lett] ( ,febru>y #a1 #aece1 to ,philip ( ,hesse & ano!r ( ,febru>y #c1 to ,buc]1 also bo? reveal1 on ! "o h&1 ,melan*?on's desire = a union on ,buc]'s plat=m &1 on ! o!r1 ,lu!r's attitude ( alo(ness & di/ru/4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #hcf4 #hda47 #bjb4 ,secret ,lett]s & ! ,v>iata ( #aedj4 ,9 ! lett] to ,cam]>ius ( ,janu>y #aj1 #aece1 ref]r$ to 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph1 ,melan*?on pla9ly indicates t 8 views ( ! ,holy ,supp] no long] agre$ ) ,lu!r's4 ,d n ask = my op9ion n[1 says he1 = ,i 0 ! mess5g] ( an op9ion =eign to me1 al?\gh1 =soo?1 ,i w n hide :at ,i ?9k :5 ,i %all h he>d :at our m5 answ]4 ,b conc]n+ ?is entire matt] ei!r p]sonally or :5 ,i %all h m reliable mess5g]s4 ,meam s5t5tiam noli nunc requir]e2 fui enim nuntius ali5ae1 etsi pr(ecto non dissimulabo1 quid s5tiam1 ubi audi]o1 quid respondeant no/ri4 ,ac de hac re tota aut coram1 aut cum habebo c]tiores tabell>ios4 7#b1 #hbb47 ,two days lat]1 ,janu>y #ab1 #aece1 ,melan*?on wrote a lett] to ,br5z 7p>tly 9 ,greek1 :i* language he employ$ :5 he imp>t$ ?\ghts :i* he reg>d$ z dang]\s1 z1 e4g41 9 8 defamatory lett] to ,cam]>ius1 ,july #bd1 #aebe1 on ,lu!r's m>riage2 ,c4 ,r4 #a1 #ged71 9 :i* he lift$ ! veil /ill m & gave a cle> glimpse ( 8 own true inw>dness4 ,f ?is lett] x pla9ly appe>s t ,melan*?on 0 no long] sure ( ! correctness ( ! lit]al int]pretation ( ! words ( in/itution1 ! v f\ndation ( ,lu!r's entire doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,holy ,supp]4 ,! lett] reads1 9 "p1 z foll[s3 ,y h writt5 sev]al times conc]n+ ! ,sacram5t>ians1 & y disadvise ! ,concord1 ev5 ?\gh !y %\ld incl9e t[>ds ,lu!r's op9ion4 ,my de> ,br5z1 if !re are any :o diff] f u reg>d+ ! ,tr9ity or o!r articles1 ,i w h no alliance ) !m1 b reg>d !m z su* :o are to be execrat$4444 ,conc]n+ ! ,concord1 h[ev]1 no action :atev] has z yet be5 tak54 ,i h only br\ght ,buc]'s op9ions "h to ,witt5b]g4 ,b ,i wi% t ,i c\ld talk to y p]sonally conc]n+ ! controv]sy4 ,i d n con/itute myself a judge1 & readily yield to y1 :o gov]n ! ,*ur*1 & ,i affirm ! real pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,supp]4 ,i d n desire to be ! au?or or def5d] ( a new dogma 9 ! ,*ur*1 b ,i see t !re are _m te/imonies ( ! anci5t writ]s :o )\t any ambiguity expla9 ! my/]y typically & tropically p]i tup\ kai tropikos1 :ile ! oppos+ te/imonies are ei!r m mod]n or spuri\s4 ,y1 too1 w h to inve/igate :e!r y def5d ! anci5t op9ion4 ,b ,i d wi% e>ne/ly t ! pi\s ,*ur* w\ld decide ?is case )\t sophi/ry & tyranny4 ,9 ,france & at o!r places _m are kill$ on acc\nt ( ?is op9ion4 ,& _m applaud su* judgm5ts )\t any good reason1 & /r5g!n ! fury ( ! tyrants4 ,to tell ! tru?1 ?is matt] pa9s me n a little4 ,!re=e my only reque/ is t y d n pass on ?is matt] ra%ly1 b consult also ! anci5t ,*ur*4 ,i mo/ f]v5tly desire t a concord be effect$ )\t any sophi/ry4 ,b ,i desire also t good m5 may be able to conf] on ?is great matt] 9 a fri5dly mann]4 ,?us a concord might be e/abli%$ )\t sophi/ry4 ,= ,i d n d\bt t ! adv]s>ies w\ld gladly ab&on ! entire dogma if !y believ$ t x 0 new4 ,y "k t among !m are _m v good m54 ,n[ !y incl9e t[>d ,lu!r1 be+ mov$ by a few te/imonies ( ecclesia/ical writ]s4 ,:at1 !n1 d y ?9k1 ought to be done8 ,w y =bid also t we conf] toge!r8 ,z = me1 ,i desire t we may be able frequ5tly to conf] toge!r on ?is matt] z well z on _m o!rs4 ,y see t 9 o!r articles !y z well z we n[ expla9 _m ?+s m skilfully 7dext]ius7 s9ce !y h begun to be agitat$ among u m dilig5tly4 ,h[ev]1 ,i conclude & ask y to put ! be/ con/ruction on ?is lett]1 &1 aft] read+ x1 to te> x up imm$iately1 & to %[ x to nobody4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #hbc;f42 ,lu!r1 ,/4 ,l4 #ag1 #bjfj47 ,9 a lett] to ,veit ,dietri*1 dat$ ,april #bc1 #aech1 ,melan*?on decl>es3 ,9 ord] n to deviate too f> f ! anci5ts1 ,i h ma9ta9$ a sacram5tal pres5ce 9 ! use1 & said t1 :5 ^! ?+s are giv51 ,*ri/ is truly pres5t & efficaci\s4 ,t is c]ta9ly en\gh4 ,i h n add$ an inclusion or a connection by :i* ! body is affix$ to1 concat5at$ or mix$ )1 ! bread4 ,sacram5ts are cov5ants assur+ u t some?+ else is pres5t :5 ! ?+s are receiv$4 ,nec addidi inclusionem aut coniunctionem talem1 qua affig]etur to arto1 to soma1 aut f]rum9>etur1 aut misc]etur4 ,sacram5ta pacta sunt1 ut rebus sumptis adsit aliud4444 ,:at m d y desire8 ,& ?is w h to be resort$ to le/ y def5d :at "s ev5 n[ are say+1 viz41 t ! body & blood are t5d]$ sep>ately--sep>atim tradi corpus et sangu9em4 ,?is too1 is new & w n ev5 please ! ,papi/s4 ,error is fruitful1 z ! say+ goes4 ,t physical connection 7illa physica coniunctio7 bre$s _m que/ions3 ,:e!r ! p>ts are sep>ate2 :e!r includ$2 :5 9 :at mom5t !y are pres5t2 :e!r !y are pres5t ap>t f ! use4 ,( ?is no?+ is read among ! anci5ts4 ,nor d ,i1 my de> ,veit1 c>ry ^! disputations into ! ,*ur*2 & 9 ! ,loci ,i h spok5 s sp>+ly on ?is matt] 9 ord] to lead ! y\? away f ^! que/ions4 ,su* is 9 brief & categorically :at ,i ?9k4 ,b ,i wi% t ! two mo/ cruel tyrants1 animosity & sophi/ry1 w\ld be remov$ = a :ile1 & a j delib]ation held conc]n+ ! entire matt]4 ,if ,i h n satisfi$ y by ?is simple answ]1 ,i %all expect ( y a long] discussion4 ,i judge t 9 ?is mann] ,i am speak+ pi\sly1 c>efully1 & mode/ly conc]n+ ! symbols1 & approa* z closely z possible to ! op9ion ( ! anci5ts4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #ead;f47 ,a mon? lat]1 ,may #bd1 ,melan*?on aga9 add$3 ,i h simply writt5 y :at ,i ?9k1 nor d ,i detract any?+ f ! words4 ,= ,i "k t ,*ri/ is truly & sub/antially pres5t & efficaci\s :5 we use ! symbols4 ,y also admit a synecdo*e4 ,b to add a division & sep>ation ( ! body & blood1 t is some?+ altoge!r new & unhe>d ( 9 ! univ]sal anci5t ,*ur*4 7#c1 #ecf2 #g1 #hhb47 ,evid5tly1 !n1 ,melan**ton's attitude t[>d ! ,re=m$ & 8 views conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] _h und]gone rem>kable *anges s9ce #aecj4 ,& 9 ord] to cle> ! track = 8 own *ang$ s5tim5ts & to enable ! ,re=m$1 9 ! int]e/ ( an ultimate union1 to subscribe ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ,melan*?on1 9 #aedj1 alt]$ its ,t5? ,article 9 ! mann] set =? 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,s*aff rem>ks3 ,calv9's view ( ! ,"l's ,supp] 0 9 v>i\s ways (ficially recogniz$ 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession ( #aedj4 7#a1 #bhj47 ,su* at any rate 0 ! con/ruction ! ,re=m$ ev]y:]e put on ! alt]ation4 ,x 0 g5]ally reg>d$ by !m to be an ess5tial concession to ,calv9ism4 ,melan*?on1 too1 0 well aw>e ( ?is2 b he did absolutely no?+ to obviate ?is int]pretation--no d\bt1 because x c]ta9ly 0 n v f> f ! tru?4 #bjc4 ,n 9 ,sympa?y ) ,lu!ran ,*ampions4 ,:5 ,we/phal1 9 #aeeb1 po9t$ out ! ,calv9i/ic m5ace & s\nd$ ! tocs91 loyal ,lu!rans ev]y:]e enli/$ 9 ! controv]sy to def5d ,lu!r's doctr9e conc]n+ ! real pres5ce & ! div9e maje/y ( ,*ri/'s human nature4 ,b ,melan*?on aga9 utt]ly fail$ ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* bo? z a lead] & a private4 ,= al?\gh ,lu!ranism 9 ?is controv]sy 0 fight+ = its v exi/5ce1 ,ma/] ,philip rema9$ sil5t1 non-committal1 neutral4 ,view$ 9 ! light ( ! conditions !n prevail+1 x 0 impossible to con/rue ?is attitude z pro-,lu!ran4 ,moreov]1 :5ev] & :]ev] ,melan*?on1 9 8 lett]s & op9ions writt5 dur+ ?is controv]sy1 did %[ 8 colors to "s ext5t1 x 0 b too app>5t t 8 m9d & he>t 0 ) ! enemies r ?an ) ! *ampions ( ,lu!ranism4 ,= :ile 8 lett]s ab\nd ) fl+s & ?ru/s aga9/ ! m5 :o def5d$ ! doctr9es ( ! sacram5tal union & ! omnipres5ce ( ! human nature ( ,*ri/1 he l$ ,calv9 & 8 adh]5ts to believe t he 0 9 sympa?y ) !m & _! cause4 ,melan*?on's animosity ran high n only aga9/ su* extremi/s z ,salig] 7,beatus7 & ,fr$el& 7bo? 7 depos$ 9 ,luebeck #aefh & ,salig] aga9 9 ,ro/ock #aefi7 :o taught t 9 virtue ( ! consecration be=e ! use 7ante usum7 bread & w9e are ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 d5\nc+ all :o d5i$ ?is z ,sacram5t>ians 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #beg71 b also aga9/ all ^? :o fai?fully adh]$ to1 & def5d$1 ,lu!r's phraseology conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,he reject$ ! tea*+ ( ,we/phal & ! ,hamburg m9i/]s1 accord+ to :i* 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 ! bread is prop]ly call$ ! body ( ,*ri/ & ! w9e ! blood ( ,*ri/1 & /igmatiz$ _! doctr9e z bread-wor%ip1 artolatreia4 7,c4 ,r4 #h1 #cfb4 #ffj4 #gia2 #i1 #dgj4 #ifb47 ,9 a simil> mann] ,melan*?on ridicul$ ! old ,lu!ran tea*+ ( ! omnipres5ce ( ,*ri/ accord+ to ,8 human nature z a new & fooli% doctr9e4 ,conc]n+ ! ,confession & ,report ( ! ,wu]ttemb]g ,!ologians1 fram$ by ,br5z & adopt$ #aeei1 :i* emphatically ass]t$ ! real pres5ce1 z well z ! omnipres5ce ( ,*ri/ also accord+ to ,8 human nature1 ,melan*?on rem>k$ contemptu\sly 9 a lett] to ,jacob ,runge1 dat$ ,febru>y #a1 #aefj & 9 a lett] to ,g4 ,crac[1 dat$ ,febru>y #c1 #aefj1 t he c\ld n *>act]ize ! decree ( ! ,wu]ttemb]g ,fa!rs 7,abbates ,wirteb]g5ses7 m aptly ?an z ,he*+] ,lat9 7,he*+5se ,lat9um1 ,he*+] ,late971 i4e41 z absurd & insipid tea*+4 7#i1 #ajce;f42 #g1 #ghj4 #hhd47 #bjd4 ,melan*?on ,claim$ by ,calv94 ,9 #aeed ,ni*olas ,gallus ( ,reg5sburg republi%$1 ) a preface ( 8 own1 ,philip ,melan*?on's ,op9ions ( ,"s ,anci5t ,writ]s ,conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,! timely reappe>ance ( ?is book1 :i* ,melan*?on1 9 #aecj1 _h direct$ aga9/ ! ,zw+lians1 0 mo/ emb>rass+ to him z well z to 8 fri5d ,calv94 ,! latt]1 !re=e1 n[ urg$ him to break 8 sil5ce & come out op5ly aga9/ 8 public assailants4 ,b ,melan*?on did n consid] x exp$i5t to comply ) ?is reque/4 ,privately1 h[ev]1 he answ]$1 ,octob] #ad1 #aeed3 ,z reg>ds y\r admonition 9 y\r la/ lett] t ,i repress ! ignorant clamors ( ^? :o r5ew ! /rife conc]n+ ! bread-wor%ip1 "k t "s ( !m c>ry on ?is disputation out ( hatr$ t[>d me 9 ord] to h a plausible reason = oppress+ me4 ,quod me hort>is1 ut reprimam in]uditos clamores illorum1 qui r5ovant c]tam5 p]i artolatreias1 scito1 quosdam praecipue odio mei eam disputationem mov]e1 ut habeant plausibilem causam ad me opprim5dum4 7#h1 #cfb47 ,fully p]suad$ t he 0 9 complete doctr9al agreem5t ) 8 ,witt5b]g fri5d on ! controv]t$ que/ions1 ,calv9 f9ally1 9 8 ,la/ ,admonition 7,ultima ,admonitio7 to ,we/phal1 #aeeg1 publicly claim$ ,melan*?on z 8 ally1 & implor$ him to give public te/imony t !y ! ,calv9i/s & ,zw+lians tea* no?+ =eign to ! ,augsburg ,confession1 nihil ali5um nos trad]e a ,confessione ,augu/ana4 ,i confirm1 ,calv9 "h decl>$1 t 9 ?is cause conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] ,philip c no m be torn f me ?an f 8 own b[els4 ,confirmo1 non magis a me ,philippum quam a propriis visc]ibus 9 hoc causa posse divelli4 7,c4 ,r4 #cg ,calv9i ,opp4 #i1 #adh4 #adi4 #aic4 #dff2 ,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bai1 ,ts*ack]t1 #ecf47 ,melan*?on1 h[ev]1 cont9u$ to pres]ve 8 sph9xlike sil5ce1 :i* inde$ decl>$ z l\d z words c\ld h done t he favor$ ! ,calv9i/s1 & 0 oppos$ to ^? :o def5d$ ,lu!r's doctr9e4 ,to ,mordeis5 he wrote1 ,novemb] #ae1 #aeeg3 ,if y w p]mit me to live at a diff]5t place1 ,i %all reply1 bo? tru?fully & e>ne/ly to ^! unle>n$ sycophants1 & say ?+s t are useful to ! ,*ur*4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #cgd47 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,melan*?on1 ,calv9 wrote 9 8 ,dilucida ,explicatio aga9/ ,hes%usius1 #aefa3 ,o ,philip ,melan*?on6 ,= x is to y t ,i appeal1 :o art liv+ ) ,*ri/ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god & !re wait+ = u until we %all be assembl$ ) y into bless$ re/4 ,a hundr$ times y h said1 :51 fatigu$ ) labor & ov]:elm$ ) c>es1 y1 z an intimate fri5d1 famili>ly laid y\r head ^u my brea/3 ,w\ld to ,god ,i might die on ?is bosom6 ,b aft]w>ds ,i h wi%$ a ?\s& times t we might be grant$ to be toge!r4 ,y w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 m c\rage\s to engage 9 battle & /rong] to despise envy1 & disreg>d false accusations4 ,9 ?is way1 too1 ! wick$ness ( _m w\ld h be5 re/ra9$ ^: audacity to revile grew f y\r pliability1 z !y call$ x4 ,o ,philippe ,melan*?on6 ,te enim appello1 qui apud ,deum cum ,*ri/o vivis1 nosque illic exspectas1 donec tecum 9 beatam quietem colligamur4 ,dixi/i c5ties1 quum fessus laboribus et mole/iis oppressus caput famili>it] 9 s9um meum depon]es3 ,ut9am1 ut9am mori> 9 hoc s9u6 ,ego v]o millies po/ea optavi nobis cont+]e1 ut simul essemus4 ,c]te animosior fuisses ad obeunda c]tam9a et ad sp]n5dam invidiam falsasque crim9ationes pro nihilo duc5das =tior4 ,hoc quoque modo cohibita fuisset multorum improbitos1 quibus ex tua mollitie1 quam vocabant1 crevit insult&i audacia4 7,c4 ,r4 #cg ,calv9i ,opp4 #i1 #dfa;f47 ,x 0 n ,melan*?on1 b ,we/phal1 :o disput$ ,calv9's claim by publi%+ 7#aeeg7 extracts f ,melan*?on's =m] writ+s "u ! title3 ,cl>issimi ,viri ,ph4 ,melan*?onis ,s5t5tia de ,co5a ,dom9i1 ex scriptis eius collecta4 ,b1 alas1 ! voice ( ! lat] ,melan*?on 0 n t ( ! =m]6 #bje4 ,advis+ ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s4 ,9 v>i\s o!r ways ,melan*?on %[$ 8 impati5ce ) ! def5d]s ( ,lu!r's doctr9e & 8 sympa?y ) _! ,calv9i/ic oppon5ts4 ,:5 ,timann ( ,brem51 :o sid$ ) ,we/phal1 oppos$ ,h>d5b]g1 a secret1 b decid$ ,calv9i/1 ,melan*?on admoni%$ ! latt] n to ru% into a conflict ) 8 colleagues1 b to dissimulate4 ,he says 9 a lett] ( ,april #bc1 #aeef3 ,te autem oro1 ne prop]es ad c]tam5 cum collegis4 ,oro etiam1 ut multa dissimules4 7,c4 ,r4 #h1 #gcf47 ,ano!r lett] 7,may #i1 #aeeg71 9 :i* he advises ,h>d5b]g h[ to proce$ aga9/ 8 oppon5ts1 beg9s z foll[s3 ,rev]5d ,sir & ,de> ,bro!r4 ,z y see1 n only ! controv]sy1 b also ! madness 7rabies7 ( ! writ]s :o e/abli% ! bread-wor%ip is gr[+4 7#i1 #aed47 ,he meant !ologians :o1 l ,timann & ,we/phal1 def5d$ ,lu!r's doctr9e t 9 ! ,"l's ,supp] ! bread is truly ! body ( ,*ri/ & ! w9e truly ! blood ( ,*ri/ & t ,*ri/ is truly pres5t also accord+ to ,8 human nature4 ,aga91 :5 at ,heidelb]g1 9 #aefi1 ,hes%usius refus$ to ackn[l$ge ! ,calv9i/ ,klebitz 7:o _h publicly def5d$ ! ,re=m$ doctr9e7 z 8 assi/ant 9 ! di/ribution ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 & ,elector ,fr$]ick ,,iii1 ! patron ( ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s1 :o soon aft] jo9$ ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*1 dem&$ t ,hes%usius come to an agreem5t ) ,klebitz1 & f9ally depos$ ! =m] & dismiss$ ! latt]1 ,melan*?on approv$ ( ! unioni/ic me?ods ( ! ,elector1 & prep>$ ambigu\s =mulas to satisfy bo? p>ties4 ,9 ! ,op9ion reque/$ by ! ,elector1 dat$ ,novemb] #a1 #aeei1 ,melan*?on said3 ,to answ] is n difficult1 b dang]\s4444 ,!re=e ,i approve ( ! measure ( ! illu/ri\s ,elector1 comm&+ sil5ce to ! disputants on bo? sides ,hes%usius & ! ,calv9i/ ,klebitz1 le/ diss5sion occur 9 ! weak *ur*4444 ,! cont5ti\s m5 hav+ be5 remov$1 x w be pr(itable t ! re/ agree on "o =m ( words4 ,x w\ld be be/ 9 ?is controv]sy to reta9 ! words ( ,paul3 ',! bread :i* we break is ! communion 7ko9onia7 ( ,*ri/4' ,mu* ought to be said conc]n+ ! fruit ( ! ,supp] to invite m5 to love ?is pl$ge & to use x frequ5tly4 ,& ! ^w 'communion' mu/ be expla9$3 ,paul does n say t ! nature ( ! bread is *ang$1 z ! ,papi/s say2 ,he does n say1 z ^? ( ,brem5 d1 t ! bread is ! sub/antial body ( ,*ri/2 he does n say t ! bread is ! true body ( ,*ri/1 z ,hes%usius does2 b t x is ! communion1 i4e41 t by :i* ! union occurs 7consociatio fit7 ) ! body ( ,*ri/1 :i* occurs 9 ! use1 & c]ta9ly n )\t ?9k+1 z :5 mice gnaw ! bread4444 ,! ,son ( ,god is pres5t 9 ! m9i/ry ( ! ,gospel1 & !re ,he is c]ta9ly efficaci\s 9 ! believ]s1 & ,he is pres5t n on acc\nt ( ! bread1 b on acc\nt ( man1 z ,he says1 ',abide 9 ,me & ,i 9 y1' ,aga93 ',i am 9 ,my ,fa!r1 & y 9 ,me1 & ,i 9 y1' ,& 9 ^! true consolations ,he makes u memb]s ( ,81 & te/ifies t ,he w raise our bodies4 ,?us ! anci5ts expla9 ! ,"l's ,supp]4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #ifa47 ,no d\bt1 ,calv91 too1 w\ld readily h subscrib$ to ^! ambigu\s & indef9ite /atem5ts4 ,c4 ,p4 ,krau? p]t95tly rem>ks3 ,:atev] may be ! mean+ ( ,melan*?on's words 9 ! disput$ cases1 ?is mu* is c]ta91 t !y practically op]at$ z if ! worse s5se 7 ! real "o1 & _! mis*iev\sness 0 n dim9i%$1 b aggravat$1 by _! obscurity & d\ble mean+4 ,!y did ! "w ( av[$ error1 & yet c\ld n be rea*$ z c&id error might4 7,cons4 ,ref41 #bia47 #bjf4 ,hi/orians on ,melan*?on's ,doctr9al ,dep>tures4 ,mod]n hi/orians are g5]ally agre$ t also ) respect to ! ,"l's ,supp] ! lat] ,melan*?on 0 n id5tical ) ! e>li]4 ,ts*ack]t3 ,melan*?on _h long ago be=e ! outbreak ( ! second controv]sy on ! ,"l's ,supp] rec$$ f ! peculi>ities ( ! ,lu!ran doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp]2 he 0 satisfi$ ) ma9ta9+ ! p]sonal pres5ce ( ,*ri/ dur+ ! ,supp]1 leav+ ! mode ( ,8 pres5ce & efficacy 9 d\bt4 7#ecb47 ,seeb]g1 :o ma9ta9s t ,melan*?on z e>ly z #aeca dep>t$ f ,lu!r's tea*+ conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 decl>es3 ,melan*?on m]ely does n want to admit t ! body ( ,*ri/ is really eat5 9 ! ,supp]1 & t x is omnipres5t z su*4 7#d1 #b1 #ddi47 ,!o4 ,kolde3 ,x %\ld nev] h be5 d5i$ t ^! alt]ations 9 ,article ,x ( ! ,augu/ana involv$ real *anges4444 ,9 view ( 8 gradually *ang$ conception ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 !re c be no d\bt t he s\ght to leave op5 = himself & o!rs ! possibility ( associat+ also ) ! ,swiss4 7#be47 ,s*aff3 ,melan*?on's lat] view ( ! ,"l's ,supp] agre$ ess5tially ) t ( ,calv94 7#a1 #bhj47 ,su*1 !n1 be+ ! attitude ( ,melan*?on z to ! doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 x 0 b natural & consi/5t t 8 pupils1 :o look$ up to ,ma/] ,philip ) unb\nd$ admiration1 %\ld become decid$ ,calv9i/s4 ,melan*?on1 *iefly1 mu/ be held responsible = ! ,calv9i/ic m5ace :i* ?reat5$ ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* aft] ! dea? ( ,lu!r4 ,9 ! int]e/ ( frat]nal relations ) ! ,swiss1 he 0 ready to compromise & modify ! ,lu!ran tru?4 ,sadly he _h 8 way1 & _h n ! t5d5cy :i* he inaugurat$ be5 *eck$1 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* w\ld h lo/ its "* & be5 trans=m$ into a ,re=m$ or1 at lea/1 a unioni/ic body4 ,9 a degree1 ?is guilt 0 %>$ also by 8 old] ,witt5b]g colleagues3 ,casp> ,crucig]1 ,sr41 ,paul ,eb]1 ,john ,fo]/]1 & o!rs1 :o evid5tly incl9$ t[>d ,melan*?on's view & attitude also 9 ! matt] conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,casp> ,crucig]1 = example1 z appe>s f 8 lett] to ,veit ,dietri*1 dat$ ,april #ah1 #aech1 taught ! bodily pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 ! use ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 b n ! division or sep>ation ( ! body & blood4 7,c4 ,r4 #c1 #faj47 ,%ortly be=e 8 dea?1 z relat$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 ,lu!r _h *>g$ ^! m5 ) culpable sil5ce ) reg>d to ! tru?1 decl>+3 ,if y believe z y speak 9 my pres5ce !n speak ! same way 9 *ur*1 9 public lectures1 9 s]mons1 & 9 private discussions1 & /r5g!n y\r bre?r51 & lead ! err+ back to ! "r way1 & contradict ! wilful spirits2 o!rwise y\r confession is a m]e %am & w be ( no value :atev]4 7,wal!r1 #dj47 ,refusal to confess ! tru? w ultimately always result 9 rejection ( ! tru?4 ,sil5ce "h is ! fir/ /ep to op5 d5ial4 #bjg4 ,we/phal ,fir/ to ,s\nd ,tocs94 ,=emo/ among ! m5 :o saw ?r\gh ,calv9's plan ( propagat+ ! ,re=m$ doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp] "u phrases com+ z close z possible to ! ,lu!ran t]m9ology1 & :o boldly1 det]m9$ly & ably oppos$ ! ,calv9i/ic propag&a 0 ,joa*im ,we/phal ( ,hamburg born #aeaj2 #aebg 9 ,witt5b]g2 s9ce #aeda pa/or 9 ,hamburg2 di$ ,janu>y #af1 #aegd4 ,fully realiz+ ! dang] :i* ?reat5$ ! entire ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 he reg>d$ x z 8 sacr$ duty to raise 8 voice & w>n ! ,lu!rans aga9/ ! ,calv9i/ic m5ace4 ,he did s 9 a publication entitl$3 ,f>rago ,confusane>um et int] se ,dissid5tium ,op9ionum de ,co5a ,dom9i--,m$ley ( ,confus$ & ,mutually ,diss5t+ ,op9ions on ! ,"l's ,supp]1 compil$ f ! books ( ! ,sacram5t>ians1 #aeeb4 ,9 x he prov$ t 9 reality ,calv9 & 8 adh]5ts1 despite _! seem+ly or?odox phrases1 d5i$ ! real pres5ce ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,"l's ,supp] j z emphatically & decid$ly z ,zw+li _h done4 ,at ! same "t he refut$ 9 /rong t]ms ! ,re=m$ doctr9e 9 ! mann] indicat$ by ! title1 & ma9ta9$ ! ,lu!ran doctr9e ( ! real pres5ce1 ! oral eat+ & dr9k+ 7m&ucatio oralis71 also ( unbeliev]s4 ,f9ally he appeal$ to ! ,lu!ran !ologians & magi/rates ev]y:]e to gu>d _! *ur*es aga9/ ! ,calv9i/ic p]il4 ,! ,f>rago1 says ,kruske1 signifi$ ! beg9n+ ( ! end ( ,calv9's dom9ation 9 ,g]many4 ,s*aff3 ,! controv]sy ( ,we/phal aga9/ ,calv9 & ! subsequ5t ov]?r[ ( ,melan*?onianism complet$ & consolidat$ ! sep>ation ( ! two ,confessions1 ,lu!ran & ,re=m$4 7,cre$s #a1 #bhj47 ,?us ,we/phal /&s preem95t among ! m5 :o sav$ ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* f ! ,calv9i/ic p]il4 ,to add fuel to ! anti-,calv9i/ic movem5t1 ,we/phal1 9 ! ye> foll[+1 publi%$ a second book3 ,correct ,fai? 7,recta ,fides7 ,conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 demon/rat$ & confirm$ f ! words ( ! ,apo/le ,paul & ! ,evangeli/s1 #aeec4 ,"h he aga9 call$ ^u all true disciples ( ,lu!r to save 8 doctr9e f ! onslaughts ( ! ,calv9i/s1 :o1 he decl>$1 /oop$ to e me?od 9 ord] to conqu] ,g]many = ,zw+lianism4 ,we/phal's fi]y appeals = ,lu!ran loyalty receiv$ a special emphasis & wide publicity :5 ! ,pole1 ,john ( ,lasco 7,laski71 :o 9 #aeec1 toge!r ) #age memb]s ( 8 ,london congregation1 _h be5 driv5 f ,engl& by ,bloody ,m>y1 rea*$ ! ,cont95t4 ,! lib]ty :i* ,lasco1 :o 9 #aeeb _h publicly adopt$ ! ,cons5sus ,tigur9us1 reque/$ 9 ,lu!ran t]ritories = himself & 8 ,re=m$ congregation1 0 refus$ 9 ,d5m>k1 ,wism>1 ,luebeck & ,hamburg1 b f9ally grant$ 9 ,frank=t-on-!-,ma94 ,soon aft]1 9 #aeed1 ! ,calv9i/ic prea*] ,micronius1 :o also s\ght refuge 9 ,hamburg1 0 =bidd5 to make t city ! seat ( ,re=m$ activity & propag&a4 ,z a result1 ,calv9 decid$ to ent] ! ar5a aga9/ ,we/phal4 ,9 #aeee he publi%$ 8 ,def5sio ,sanae et ,or?odoxae ,doctr9ae de ,sacram5tis1 ,def5se ( ! ,s\nd & ,or?odox ,doctr9e ,conc]n+ ! ,sacram5ts & ,_! ,nature1 ,p[]1 ,purpose1 ,use1 & ,fruit1 :i* ! pa/ors & m9i/]s ( ! *ur*es 9 ,zuri* & ,g5eva be=e ?is h compris$ into a brief =mula ( ! mutual ,agreem5t 7,cons5sus ,tigur9us74 ,9 x he attack$ ,we/phal 9 su* an insult+ & ov]be>+ mann] 7comp>+ him1 e4g41 ) a mad dog7 t f ! v beg9n+ ! controv]sy 0 b\nd to assume a p]sonal & acrimoni\s "*4 #bjh4 ,controv]sial ,publications4 ,aft] ,calv9 _h ent]$ ! controv]sy ,we/phal 0 jo9$ by su* ,lu!rans z ,john ,timann1 ,paul v4 ,eitz51 ,erh>d ,s*nepf1 ,alb]1 ,gallus1 ,flacius1 ,judex1 ,br5z1 ,&reae & o!rs4 ,calv91 on ! o!r h&1 0 support$ by ,lasco1 ,bull+]1 ,o*9o1 ,val]&us ,polanus1 ,beza 7! mo/ scurrill\s ( all ! oppon5ts ( ,lu!ranism71 & ,bibli&]4 ,9 #aeee ,we/phal publi%$ ?ree additional books3 ,collection 7,collectanea7 ( ,op9ions ( ,aurelius ,augu/9e ,conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 & ,fai? 7,fides7 ( ,cyril1 ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 ,conc]n+ ! ,pres5ce ( ! ,body & ,blood ( ,*ri/1 & ,adv]sus cuiusdam ,sacram5t>ii ,falsam ,crim9ationem ,iu/a ,def5sio1 ,j ,def5se aga9/ ! ,false ,accusation ( a ,c]ta9 ,sacram5t>ian4 ,! la/ publication 0 a p]sonal def5se aga9/ ! insults & invectives ( ,calv9 & a fur!r pro( ( ! claim t ! ,calv9i/s 7 unit$ only 9 _! d5ial ( ! real pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,com+ to ! support ( ,we/phal1 ,john ,timann1 ,pa/or 9 ,brem51 publi%$ 9 #aeee3 ,m$ley 7,f>rago7 ( ,op9ions ,agree+ 9 ! ,true & ,ca?olic ,doctr9e ,conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 :i* ! *ur*es ( ! ,augsburg ,confession h embrac$ ) firm ass5t & 9 "o _s accord+ to ! div9e ,^w4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ,calv9 wrote 8 ,secunda ,def5sio 444 contra ,j4 ,we/phali ,calumnias1 ,second ,def5se ( ! ,pi\s & ,or?odox ,fai?1 aga9/ ! ,calumnies ( ,j4 ,we/phal1 a vitriolic book1 d$icat$ to ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s1 viz41 to all m9i/]s ( ,*ri/ :o cultivate & foll[ ! pure doctr9e ( ! ,gospel 9 ! *ur*es ( ,saxony & ,l[] ,g]many4 ,9 x ,calv9 decl>$3 ,i tea* t ,*ri/1 ?\gh abs5t accord+ to ,8 body1 is nev]!less n only pres5t ) u accord+ to ,8 div9e p[]1 b also makes ,8 fle% vivify+ = u4 7,c4 ,r4 #cg ,calv9i ,opp4 #i1 #gi47 ,lasco also wrote two books aga9/ ,we/phal & ,timann1 def5d+ 8 congregation at ,frank=t1 & endeavor+ to %[ ! agreem5t betwe5 ! ,calv9ian doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp] & ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,9 #aeef ,h5ry ,bull+] appe>$ on ! battlefield ) 8 ,apologetical ,exposition1 ,apologetica ,expositio1 9 :i* he endeavor$ to %[ t ! m9i/]s ( ! *ur*es 9 ,zuri* d n foll[ any h]etical dogma 9 ! doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,9 ! same ye>1 #aeef1 ,we/phal publi%$ ,epi/ola1 qua ,brevit] ,respondet ad ,convicia ,i4 ,calv9i--,lett] 9 :i* ,he ,we/phal ,answ]s ,briefly to ! ,invectives ( ,j4 ,calv91 & ,answ] 7,responsum7 to ! ,writ+ ( ,john ( ,lasco1 9 :i* he trans=ms ! ,augsburg ,confession into ,zw+lianism4 ,9 ! same ye> ,we/phal publi%$ ,confession ( ,fai? 7,confessio ,fidei7 ,conc]n+ ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/1 9 :i* ! m9i/]s ( ! *ur*es ( ,saxony ma9ta9 ! pres5ce ( ! body & blood ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 ! ,holy ,supp]1 & answ] reg>d+ ! book ( ,calv9 d$icat$ to !m4 ,?is publication conta9$ op9ions :i* ,we/phal _h secur$ f ! m9i/]iums ( ,magdeburg 7includ+ ,wig& & ,flacius71 ( ,mansfeld1 ,brem51 ,hilde%eim1 ,hamburg1 ,luebeck1 ,lu5eburg1 ,brunswick 7,mo]l9 & ,*emnitz71 ,hannov]1 ,wism>1 ,s*w]91 etc4 ,all ( ^! m9i/]iums decl>$ !mselves unanim\sly & def9itely 9 favor ( ,lu!r's doctr9e1 appeal+ to ! words ( in/itution z !y read4 ,9 #aeeg ,erh>d ,s*nepf born #aeie2 active 9 ,nassau1 ,m>burg1 ,spei]1 ,augsburg2 att5d$ conv5ts 9 ,smalcald #aecg2 9 ,reg5sburg #aedf1 9 ,worms #aeeg2 di$ #aeeh1 !n 9 ,j5a1 publi%$ 8 ,confession ,conc]n+ ! ,supp]4 ,9 ! same ye> ,paul von ,eitz5 born #aebb2 di$ #aeih2 refus$ to sign ,=mula ( ,concord publi%$ 8 ,def5se ( ! ,true ,doctr9e ,conc]n+ ! ,supp] ( ,our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,we/phal also made a second attack on ,lasco 9 8 ,j ,def5se aga9/ ! ,manife/ ,falsehoods ( ,j4 ,a4 ,lasco :i* he spread 9 8 lett] to ! ,k+ ( ,pol& aga9/ ! ,saxon ,*ur*es1 #aeeg4 ,9 x he d5\nces ,lasco & 8 congregation ( =eign]s1 & calls ^u ! magi/rates to in/itute proce$+s aga9/ !m4 ,calv9 n[ publi%$ 8 ,ultima ,admonitio1 ,la/ ,admonition ( ,john ,calv9 to ,j4 ,we/phal1 :o1 if he does n obey 7obtemp]et7 mu/ !nce=? be held 9 ! mann] z ,paul comm&s u to hold ob/9ate h]etics2 9 ?is writ+ ! va9 c5sures ( ! ,magdeburgians & o!rs1 by :i* !y endeavor$ to wreck heav5 & e>?1 are also refut$ #aeeg4 ,"h ,calv9 pla9ly reveals 8 ,zw+lianism & says3 ,?is is ! summ>y ( our doctr9e1 t ! fle% ( ,*ri/ is a vivify+ bread because x truly n\ri%es & fe$s our s\ls :5 by fai? we coalesce ) x4 ,?is1 we tea*1 occurs spiritually only1 because ! bond ( ?is sacr$ unity is ! secret & incompreh5sible p[] ( ! ,holy ,_s4 7,c4 ,r4 #cg ,calv9i ,opp4 #i1 #afb47 ,9 ?is book ,calv9 also1 z /at$ above1 appeals to ,melan*?on to add 8 te/imony t we ! ,calv9i/s tea* no?+ t conflicts ) ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,?\gh ,calv9 _h )drawn f ! ar5a1 ,we/phal cont9u$ to give public te/imony to ! tru?4 ,9 #aeeh he wrote sev]al books aga9/ ! ,calv9i/s4 ,"o ( !m be>s ! title3 ,apologetical ,writ+s 7,apologetica ,scripta7 ( ,j4,w41 9 :i* he bo? def5ds ! s\nd doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,eu*>i/ & refutes ! vile sl&]s ( ! ,sacram5t>ians1 etc4 ,ano!r is entitl$3 ,apology ( ! ,confession ,conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] aga9/ ! ,corruptions & ,calumnies ( ,john ,calv94 ,9 #aeei ,!odore ,beza donn$ ! armor ( ,calv9 & ent]$ ! controv]sy ) 8 ,treatise 7,tractatio7 ,conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 9 :i* ! calumnies ( ,j4 ,we/phal are refut$4 ,lasco's ,reply to ! ,virul5t ,lett] ( ,t ,furi\s ,man ,j4 ,we/phal1 ( #aefj1 appe>$ po/hum\sly1 he hav+ di$ %ortly be=e 9 ,pol&4 #bji4 ,br5z & ,*emnitz4 ,=emo/ among ! influ5tial !ologians :o besides ,we/phal1 took a decid$ /& aga9/ ! ,calv9i/s & _! secret abettors 9 ,lu!ran t]ritories 7 ,john ,br5z 9 ,wu]ttemb]g & ,m>t9 ,*emnitz 9 ,brunswick4 ,john ,br5z born #adii1 p]secut$ dur+ ! ,int]im1 s9ce #aeec ,provo/ at ,/uttg>t1 di$ #aegj1 ! mo/ influ5tial !ologian 9 ,wu]ttemb]g1 0 unanim\sly support$ 9 8 anti-,calv9i/ic attitude by ! :ole m9i/]ium ( ! ,du*y4 ,he is ! au?or ( ! ,confession & ,report 7,bek5ntnis und ,b]i*t7 ( ! ,!ologians 9 ,wu]ttemb]g ,conc]n+ ! ,true ,pres5ce ( ! ,body & ,blood ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,holy ,supp]1 adopt$ at ! behe/ ( ,duke ,*ri/oph] by ! synod assembl$ 9 ,/uttg>t1 #aeei4 ,! occasion = draft+ & adopt+ ?is ,confession _h be5 furni%$ by ,b>?olomew ,hag51 a ,calv9i/4 ,at ! synod 9 ,/uttg>t he 0 requir$ to dispute on ! doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp] ) ,jacob ,&reae1 ) ! result t ,hag5 admitt$ t he 0 n[ conv9c$ ( 8 error1 & promis$ to return to ! ,lu!ran tea*+4 ,! ,confession !reupon adopt$ tea*es 9 pla9 & unmi/akable t]ms t ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ are orally receiv$ by all :o p>take ( ! ,sacram5t1 & t ,*ri/1 by reason ( ! p]sonal union1 is omnipres5t also accord+ to ,8 human nature1 & h5ce well able to fulfil ! promise ,he gave at ! in/itution ( ! ,holy ,supp]4 ,x tea*es ! real pres5ce 7praes5tia realis71 ! sacram5tal union 7unio sacram5talis71 ! oral eat+ & dr9k+ 7m&ucatio oralis71 also ( ! wick$ 7m&ucatio impiorum74 ,x holds t 9 ! ,"l's ,supp] ! true body & ! true blood ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ are1 ?r\gh ! p[] ( ! ^w ( in/itution1 truly & ess5tially t5d]$ & giv5 ) ! bread & w9e to all m5 :o p>take ( ! ,supp] ( ,*ri/2 & t1 ev5 z !y are t5d]$ by ! h& ( ! m9i/]1 !y are at ! same "t also receiv$ ) ! m\? ( him :o eats & dr9ks x4 ,fur!rmore1 t ev5 z ! sub/ance & ! ess5ce ( ! bread & w9e are pres5t 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 s also ! sub/ance & ! ess5ce ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ are pres5t & truly t5d]$ & receiv$ ) ! signs ( bread & w9e4 7,ts*ack]t1 #eda47 ,x prote/s3 ,we d n ass]t any mixture ( ,8 body & blood ) ! bread & w9e1 nor any local inclusion 9 ! bread4 ,aga93 ,we d n imag9e any diffusion ( ! human nature or expansion ( ! memb]s ( ,*ri/ 7ullam humanae naturae diffusionem aut membrorum ,*ri/i di/ractionem71 b we expla9 ! maje/y ( ! man ,*ri/ by :i* ,he1 be+ plac$ at ! "r h& ( ,god1 fills all ?+s n only by ,8 div9ity1 b also z ! man ,*ri/1 9 a cele/ial mann] & 9 a way t to human reason is pa/ f9d+ out1 by virtue ( :i* maje/y ,8 pres5ce 9 ! ,supp] is n aboli%$1 b confirm$4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bci;f47 ,?us1 )\t employ+ ! t]m ubiquity1 ?is ,confession prep>$ by ,br5z re/or$1 9 sub/ance1 ! doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] & ! p]son ( ,*ri/ :i* ,lu!r _h ma9ta9$ ov] aga9/ ,zw+li1 ,c>l/adt1 & ! ,sacram5t>ians g5]ally4 ,z /at$ above1 ,melan*?on ridicul$ ?is ,confession z ,he*+] ,lat94 ,9 #aefa ,br5z 0 attack$ by ,bull+] 9 8 ,treatise 7,tractatio7 on ! ,words ( ,/4 ,john #ad4 ,9 ! same ye> ,br5z repli$ to ?is attack 9 two writ+s3 ,op9ion 7,s5t5tia7 on ! ,book ( ,bull+] & ,on ! ,p]sonal ,union 7,de ,p]sonali ,unione7 ( ! ,two ,natures 9 ,*ri/ & on ! ,asc5sion ( ,*ri/ into ,heav5 & ,8 ,sitt+ at ! ,"r ,h& ( ! ,fa!r1 etc4 ,?is call$ =? r5ew$ assaults by ,bull+]1 ,pet] ,m>tyr1 & ,beza4 ,bull+] wrote3 ,answ] 7,responsio71 by :i* is %[n t ! mean+ conc]n+ 'heav5' & ! '"r h& ( ,god' /ill /&s firm1 #aefb4 ,pet] ,m>tyr3 ,dialogs 7,dialogi7 ,conc]n+ ! ,humanity ( ,*ri/1 ! ,prop]ty ( ! ,natures1 & ,ubiquity1 #aefb4 ,beza3 ,answ]s 7,responsiones7 to ! ,argum5ts ( ,br5z1 #aefd4 ,br5z answ]$ 9 two ( 8 greate/ writ+s1 ,conc]n+ ! ,div9e ,maje/y ( ,*ri/ 7,de ,div9a ,maie/ate ,*ri/i71 #aefb1 & ,recognition 7,recognito7 ( ! ,doctr9e ,conc]n+ ! ,true ,maje/y ( ,*ri/1 #aefd4 ,9 ! ,dresd5 ,cons5sus 7,cons5sus ,dresd5sis7 ( #aega ! ,philippi/s ( ,electoral ,saxony also reject$ ! omnipres5ce 7:i* !y t]m$ ubiquity7 ( ! human nature ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ord] to reclaim ! ,palat9ate 7:i*1 z w be expla9$ lat]1 _h turn$ ,re=m$7 = ,lu!ranism ! ,duke ( ,wu]ttemb]g1 9 ,april1 #aefd1 arrang$ = ! ,religi\s ,discussion at ,maulbronn betwe5 ! !ologians ( ,wu]ttemb]g & ! ,palat9ate4 ,b ! only result 0 a fur!r ex*ange ( polemical publications4 ,9 #aefd ,br5z publi%$ ,epitome ( ! ,maulbronn ,colloquium 444 ,conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] & ! ,maje/y ( ,*ri/4 ,& 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! ,wu]ttemb]g !ologians publi%$ ,decl>ation & ,confession 7,decl>atio et ,confessio7 ( ! ,tueb+5 ,!ologians ,conc]n+ ! ,maje/y ( ! ,man ,*ri/4 ,bo? ( ^! writ+s 7 answ]$ by ! !ologians ( ! ,palat9ate4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,br5z1 ,jacob ,&reae 0 ! *ief *ampion 9 ,wu]ttemb]g ( ! doctr9es set =? by ,br5z4 ,9 8 v>i\s publications aga9/ ! ,calv9i/s1 ,br5z1 appeal+ to ,lu!r1 taught conc]n+ ! maje/y ( ,*ri/ t by reason ( ! p]sonal union ! humanity ( ,*ri/ is n only omnipot5t & omnisci5t1 b also omnipres5t1 & t ! human nature ( ,*ri/ receiv$ ^! z well z o!r div9e attributes f ! fir/ mom5t ( ! inc>nation ( ! ,logos4 ,foll[+ are "s ( 8 /atem5ts3 ,al?\gh ! div9e sub/ance 9 ,*ri/ is n *ang$ into ! human1 & ea* has its own prop]ties1 nev]!less ^! two sub/ances are unit$ 9 "o p]son 9 ,*ri/ 9 su* a mann] t ! "o is nev] 9 reality sep>at$ f ! o!r4 ,:]ev] ! deity is1 !re is also ! humanity ( ,*ri/4 ,we d n ascribe to ,*ri/ _m & v>i\s bodies1 nor d we ascribe to ,8 body local ext5sion or diffusion2 b we exalt ,him beyond ?is corporeal _w1 outside ( e creature & place1 & place ,him 9 accordance ) ! condition ( ! hypo/atic union 9 cele/ial maje/y1 :i* ,he nev] lack$1 ?\gh at ! "t ( ,8 fle% 9 ?is _w ,he hid x or1 z ,paul says1 ,he humbl$ ,himself 7quam etsi tempore c>nis suae 9 hoc saeculo dissimulavit1 seu ea sese1 ut ,paulus loquitur1 ex9anivit1 tam5 numquam ea c>uit74 ,accord+ to ,br5z ! man ,*ri/ 0 omnipot5t1 almighty1 omnisci5t :ile ,he lay 9 ! mang]4 ,9 ,8 maje/y ,he d>k5$ ! sun1 & kept alive all ! liv+ :ile 9 ,8 humiliation ,he 0 dy+ on ! cross4 ,:5 dead 9 ! grave1 ,he at ! same "t 0 fill+ & rul+ heav5 & e>? ) ,8 p[]4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bdj;f47 ,9 ,brunswick1 ,m>t9 ,*emnitz 7born #aebb2 di$ #aehf71 ! ,second ,m>t9 7alt] ,m>t9us7 ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 ent]$ ! controv]sy aga9/ ! ,calv9i/s 9 #aefj ) 8 ,repetition 7,repetitio7 ( ! ,s\nd ,doctr9e ,conc]n+ ! ,true ,pres5ce ( ! ,body & ,blood ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,supp]1 9 :i* he bas$ 8 argum5ts = ! real pres5ce on ! words ( in/itution4 ,t5 ye>s lat] he publi%$ 8 fam\s book ,conc]n+ ! ,two ,natures 9 ,*ri/ 7,de ,duabus ,naturis 9 ,*ri/o71 etc41--preem95tly ! ,lu!ran classic on ! subject x treats4 ,appeal+ also to ,lu!r1 he tea*es t ,*ri/1 accord+ to ,8 human nature 0 ano9t$ ) all div9e gifts2 t1 9 consequ5ce ( ! p]sonal union1 ! human nature ( ,*ri/ c be & is pres5t :]e1 :51 & 9 :atev] way ,*ri/ w2 t !re=e 9 accordance ) ,8 promise1 ,he is 9 reality pres5t 9 ,8 ,*ur* & 9 ,8 ,supp]4 ,*emnitz says3 ,?is pres5ce ( ! assum$ nature 9 ,*ri/ ( :i* we n[ treat is n natural or ess5tial fl[+ f ! nature & ess5ce ( ,*ri/'s humanity1 b volunt>y & mo/ free1 dep5d+ on ! w & p[] ( ! ,son ( ,god 7non e/ vel naturalis vel ess5tialis1 s$ volunt>ia et lib]rima1 dep5d5s a voluntate et pot5tia ,filii ,dei72 t is to say1 :5 by a def9ite ^w ,he has told1 promis$1 & assev]at$ t ,he w\ld be pres5t ) ,8 human nature1 444 let u reta9 ?is1 :i* is mo/ c]ta9ly true1 t ,*ri/ c be ) ,8 body :]ev]1 :5ev]1 & 9 :atev] mann] ,he wills 7,*ri/um suo corpore esse posse1 ubicunque1 qu&ocunque et quomodocunque vult74 ,b we mu/ judge ( ,8 w f a def9ite1 reveal$ ^w4 7,ts*ack]t1 #fdd2 ,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bei47 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord pla9ly tea*es1 bo? t1 9 virtue ( ! p]sonal union by ,8 inc>nation1 ,*ri/ accord+ to ,8 human nature possesses also ! div9e attribute ( omnipres5ce1 & t ,he c be & is pres5t :]ev] ,he w4 ,9 ! ,epitome we read3 ,?is maje/y ,*ri/ always _h accord+ to ! p]sonal union1 & yet ,he ab/a9$ f x 9 ! /ate ( ,8 humiliation until ,8 resurrection1 s t n[ n only z ,god1 b also z man ,he kn[s all ?+s1 c d all ?+s1 is pres5t ) all creatures1 & has "u ,8 feet & 9 ,8 h& ev]y?+ t is 9 heav5 & on e>? & "u ! e>?4 444 ,& ?is ,8 p[] ,he1 be+ pres5t1 c ex]cise ev]y:]e1 & to ,him ev]y?+ is possible & ev]y?+ is kn[n4 7#hba1 #af4 #bg4 #cj47 ,! ,?or\gh ,decl>ation decl>es t ,*ri/ truly fills all ?+s1 &1 be+ pres5t ev]y:]e1 n only z ,god1 b also z man1 rules f sea to sea & to ! ends ( ! e>?4 7#ajbe1 #bg;ff47 ,aga93 ,we hold 444 t also accord+ to ,8 assum$ human nature & ) ! same ,he ,*ri/ c be1 & also is1 pres5t :]e ,he w1 & especially t 9 ,8 ,*ur* & congregation on e>? ,he is pres5t z ,m$iator1 ,head1 ,k+1 & ,high ,prie/1 n 9 "p1 or "o-half ( ,him only1 b ! entire p]son ( ,*ri/1 to :i* bo? natures1 ! div9e & ! human1 belong1 is pres5t n only accord+ to ,8 div9ity1 b also accord+ to1 & )1 ,8 assum$ human nature1 accord+ to :i* ,he is our ,bro!r1 & we are fle% ( ,8 fle% & bone ( ,8 bone4 7#ajdc #gh;f47 ,9 virtue ( ! p]sonal union ,*ri/ is pres5t ev]y:]e also accord+ to ,8 human nature2 :ile ! peculi>ly graci\s mann] ( ,8 pres5ce 9 ! ,gospel1 9 ! ,*ur*1 & 9 ! ,"l's ,supp] dep5ds ^u ,8 w & is bas$ ^u ,8 def9ite promises4 #baj4 ,brem5 & ! ,palat9ate ,lo/ = ,lu!ranism4 ,! indignation ( ! ,lu!rans aga9/ ! ,calv9i/ic propag&a1 r\s$ by ,we/phal & 8 comrades 9 _! conflict ) ,calv9 & 8 foll[]s1 0 mat]ially increas$ by ! success ( ! crafty ,calv9i/s 9 ,brem5 & 9 ! ,palat9ate4 ,9 #aedg ,h>d5b]g ,alb]t ,rizaeus f ,h>d5b]g1 ,holl&1 born #aeaj 0 appo9t$ ,dome-prea*] 9 ,brem54 ,he 0 a =m] prie/ :om ,lasco _h won = ! ,re=mation4 ,reg>d+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp] he incl9$ t[>ds ,zw+li4 ,self-evid5tly1 :5 8 views became kn[n1 ! situation 9 ,brem5 became intol]able = 8 ,lu!ran colleagues4 ,h[ c\ld !y associate ) & fell[%ip1 a ,calv9i/6 ,to ackn[l$ge him w\ld h be5 no?+ %ort ( surr5d]+ _! own views & ! "* ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,! result 0 t ,john ,timann pa/or 9 ,brem52 wrote a tract aga9/ ! ,int]im1 di$ ,febru>y #ag1 #aeeg1 9 ord] to compel ,h>d5b]g to unmask & reveal 8 true inw>dness1 dem&$ t all ! m9i/]s ( ,brem5 subscribe to ! ,f>rago ,s5t5ti>um ,cons5ti5tium 9 ,v]a ,doctr9a et ,co5a ,dom9i :i* he _h publi%$ 9 #aeee aga9/ ! ,calv9i/s4 ,h>d5b]g & two o!r m9i/]s refus$ to comply ) ! dem&4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ,h>d5b]g object$ to ! omnipres5ce ( ! human nature ( ,*ri/ taught 9 ,timann's ,f>rago4 ,9 8 ,doctr9al ,summ>y 7,summ>ia ,doctr9a7 ,h>d5b]g taught3 ,/4 ,augu/9e & _m o!r fa!rs write t ! body ( ,*ri/ is circumscrib$ by a c]ta9 space 9 heav51 & ,i reg>d ?is z ! true doctr9e ( ! ,*ur*4 7,ts*ack]t1 #aia47 ,h>d5b]g also publi%$ ! fable hat*$ at ,heidelb]g 7,heidelb]g] ,l&luege1 indirectly ref]r$ to also 9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 #iha1 #bh71 b imm$iately refut$ by ,joa*im ,mo]l91 accord+ to :i* ,lu!r is said1 t[>d ! end ( 8 life1 to h confess$ to ,melan*?on t he _h gone too f> & ov]done ! matt] 9 8 controv]sy aga9/ ! ,sacram5t>ians2 t he1 h[ev]1 did n want to retract 8 doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] himself1 because t w\ld ca/ suspicion on 8 :ole tea*+2 t !re=e aft] 8 dea? ! y\ng] !ologians might make am5ds = x & settle ?is matt]4444 ,9 #aeef ,timann began to prea* aga9/ ,h>d5b]g1 b di$ ! foll[+ ye>4 ,! ,l[] ,saxon ,diet1 h[ev]1 decid$ ,febru>y #h1 #aefa1 t ,h>d5b]g be dismiss$ )9 f\rte5 days1 yet )\t infamy or condemnation1 citra infamiam et condemnationem4 ,h>d5b]g submitt$ "u prote/ & left ,brem5 ,febru>y #ah1 #aefa 7he di$ z a ,re=m$ prea*] at ,emd51 #aegd74 ,simon ,musaeus :o _h j be5 expell$ f ,j5a1 0 call$ z ,sup]9t5d5t to purge ,brem5 ( ,calv9ism4 ,be=e long1 h[ev]1 ! burgoma/] ( ! city1 ,daniel von ,bu]51 :om ,h>d5b]g _h secretly won = ! ,re=m$ doctr9e1 succe$$ 9 expell+ ! ,lu!ran m9i/]s f ! city & 9 fill+ _! places ) ,philippi/s1 :o be=e long jo9$ ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*4 ,?us ev] s9ce #aefb ,brem5 has be5 a ,re=m$ city4 ,a mu* sev]] bl[ 0 dealt ,lu!ranism :5 ! ,palat9ate1 ! home ( ,melan*?on1 :]e ! ,philippi/s 7 l>gely repres5t$1 0 ,calv9iz$ by ,elector ,fr$]ick ,,iii4 ,tileman ,hes%usius ,hes%us51 born #aebg2 #aeec sup]9t5d5t at ,gosl>2 #aeef pr(essor & pa/or at ,ro/ock2 #aeeg at ,heidelb]g2 #aefj pa/or at ,magdeburg2 #aefb c\rt-prea*] at ,neuburg2 #aefi pr(essor at ,j5a2 #aegc bi%op ( ,saml&1 at ,ko5igsb]g2 #aegg pr(essor at ,helm/$t :]e he di$ #aehh 0 call$ 9 #aeeg by ,elector ,otto ,h5ry to ,heidelb]g bo? z pr(essor & pa/or & z sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,palat9ate4 ,"h ! ,calv9i/s & ,crypto-,calv9i/s _h already done mu* to und]m9e ,lu!ranism2 & aft] ! dea? ( ,otto ,h5ry1 ,febru>y #ab1 #aeei1 ,hes%usius :o endeavor$ to /em ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic tide1 0 no long] able to hold 8 own4 ,"u ,elector ,fr$]ick ,,iii1 :o succe$$ ,otto ,h5ry1 ! ,calv9i/s came out into ! op54 ,?is l$ to sc&al\s cla%es1 ( :i* ! ,klebitz affair 0 a typical & consequ5tial in/ance4 ,9 ord] to obta9 ! degree ( ,ba*elor ( ,div9ity1 ,william ,klebitz1 ! deacon ( ,hes%usius1 publi%$1 9 #aefj a numb] ( ,calv9i/ic !ses4 ,z a result ,hes%usius mo/ emphatically =bade him h5ce=? to assi/ at ! di/ribution ( ! ,holy ,supp]4 ,:5 ,klebitz nev]!less appe>$ at ! alt>1 ,hes%usius endeavor$ to wre/ ! cup f 8 h&s4 ,elector ,fr$]ick ord]$ bo? ,hes%usius & ,klebitz to settle _! tr\ble 9 accordance ) ! ,augu/ana 7,v>iata74 ,fail+ to comply ) ?is unioni/ic dem&1 ,hes%usius 0 depos$1 ,septemb] #af1 #aeei1 & ,klebitz1 too 0 dismiss$4 ,9 a !ological op9ion1 ref]r$ to above1 ,melan*?on approv$ ( ! action4 ,h]eupon ,hes%usius ent]$ ! public controv]sy aga9/ ,calv9ism4 ,9 #aefj he publi%$ ,conc]n+ ! ,pres5ce 7,de ,praes5tia7 ( ! ,body ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,"l's ,supp] & 8 ,answ] 7,responsio7 to ! ,prejudicial ,judgem5t 7,praeiudicium7 ( ,philip ,melan*?on on ! ,controv]sy ,conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] ) ,klebitz4 ,aft] ! dismissal ( ,hes%usius1 ,elector ,fr$]ick ,,iii1 :o _h %ortly be=e play$ a conspicu\s role 9 endeavor+ to w9 ! day = ,melan*?onianism at ! ,lu!ran ,assembly ( ,naumburg1 imm$iately began to ,calv9ize 8 t]ritory4 ,9 read+ ! controv]sial books publi%$ on ! ,"l's ,supp]1 he suff]$ himself to be guid$ by ! r5[n$ physician ,?omas ,era/us di$ #aehc1 :o 0 a ,calv9i/ & _h himself publi%$ ,calv9i/ic books conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] & ! p]son & natures ( ,*ri/4 ,z a result ! ,elector1 hav+ become a decid$ ,re=m$i/1 det]m9$ to de-,lu!ranize ! ,palat9ate 9 e p>ticul>1 reg>d+ practise & div9e s]vice z well z ) respect to confessional books1 doctr9es1 & tea*]s4 ,! l>ge numb] ( ,philippi/s1 :o _h be5 secret ,calv9i/s be=e1 0 increas$ by su* ,re=m$ !ologians z ,casp> ,olevianus 7#aefj71 ,za*>ias ,urs9us 7#aefa71 & ,tremellius 7#aefa74 ,images1 baptismal fonts1 & alt>s 7 remov$ f ! *ur*es2 waf]s 7 replac$ by bread1 :i* 0 brok52 ! organs 7 clos$2 ! fe/ivals ( ,m>y1 ! apo/les1 & sa9ts 7 aboli%$4 ,m9i/]s refus+ to submit to ! new ord] ( ?+s 7 depos$ & _! *>ges fill$ ) ,re=m$ m5 f ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,! ,calv9i/ic ,heidelb]g ,cate*ism1 compos$ by ,olevianus & ,urs9us & publi%$ #aefc 9 ,g]man & ,lat91 took ! place ( ,lu!r's ,cate*ism4 ,?is process ( ,calv9ization 0 complet$ by ! introduction ( ! new ,*ur* ,ord] ( ,novemb] #ae1 #aefc4 ,at ! behe/ ( ,fr$]ick ,,iii ! ,swiss ,confession 7,confessio ,helvetica7 0 publi%$ 9 #aeff1 9 ord] to prove by ?is out-&-out ,zw+lian docum5t1 fram$ by ,bull+]1 t he ! ,elector ( ! ,palat9ate ent]ta9$ no sep>ate doctr9e1 b ! v same t 0 prea*$ also 9 _m o!r & popul\s *ur*es1 & t ! *>ge 0 untrue t ! ,re=m$ disagre$ among !mselves & 7 divid$ into sects4 ,?us ! ,palat9ate 0 lo/ to ! ,lu!ran ,confession1 = ?\gh ,ludwig ,,vi 7#aegf-aehc71 ! successor ( ,fr$]ick ,,iii1 tempor>ily re/or$ ,lu!ranism1 ,fr$]ick ,,iv 7#aehc to #afaj7 return$ to ,calv9ism4 #baa4 ,saxony 9 ! ,grip ( ,crypto-,calv9i/s4 ,x 0 a sev]e bl[ to ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* :5 ,brem5 & ! ,palat9ate fell a prey to ,calv9ism4 ,& ! fe>s 7 n unf\nd$ t be=e long ! ,electorate ( ,saxony w\ld foll[ 9 _! wake1 & ,witt5b]g1 ! citadel ( ! ,lu!ran ,re=mation1 be captur$ by ,calv94 ,t ?is mis=tune1 :i*1 no d\bt1 w\ld h dealt a f9al & fatal bl[ to ,lu!ranism1 0 w>d$ (f1 mu/ be reg>d$ z a special provid5ce ( ,god4 ,= ! m5 7,melan*?on1 ,major1 etc47 :om ,lu!r _h accus$ ( culpable sil5ce reg>d+ ! true doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 71 naturally en\gh1 succe$$ by !ologians :o1 :ile claim+ to be true ,lu!rans adh]+ to ! ,augsburg ,confession &1 9 a %ameful mann] deceiv+ & mislead+ ,elector ,augu/ zeal\sly *ampion$ & develop$ ! ,melan*?onian ab]rations1 9 p>ticul> ) respect to ! doctr9es conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] & ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 & s$ul\sly propagat$ ! views ( ,calv91 at fir/ secretly & gu>d$ly1 b f9ally ) boldness & ab&on4 ,giesel] says ( ^! ,philippi/s 9 ,witt5b]g3 ,inw>dly !y 7 out-&-out ,calv9i/s1 al?\gh !y endeavor$ to appe> z g5u9e ,lu!rans be=e _! ma/]1 ,elector ,augu/4 7#c1 #b1 #bej47 ,! mo/ prom95t & influ5tial ( ^! s-call$ ,philippi/s or ,crypto-,calv9i/s 7 ,dr4 ,casp> ,crucig]1 ,jr41 ,dr4 ,*ri/oph] ,pezel1 ,dr4 ,fr$]ick ,widebram1 & ,dr4 ,h5ry ,moell]4 ,! s*emes ( ^! m5 7 aid$ & abett$ by a numb] ( non-!ological pr(essors3 ,wolfgang ,crell1 pr(essor ( e?ics1 ,esrom ,ru$+]1 pr(essor ( philosophy2 ,george ,crac[1 pr(essor ( jurisprud5ce &1 lat]1 privy c\ncilor ( ,elector ,augu/2 ,melan*?on's son-9-law1 ,casp> ,peuc]1 pr(essor ( m$ic9e & physician 9 ord9>y ( ! ,elector1 :o naturally _h a great influ5ce on ,augu/ & ! ecclesia/ical affairs ( ! ,electorate4 ,he held t ,lu!r's doctr9e ( ! real pres5ce _h no m f\ndation 9 ! ,bible ?an did ! ,roman transub/antiation4 ,to ^! mu/ be add$ ,john ,/oessel1 confessor to ! ,elector & sup]9t5d5t at ,pirna2 ,*ri/ian ,s*uetze1 c\rt-prea*] at ,dresd51 ,&rew ,freyhub & ,wolfgang ,h>d] pr(essors 9 ,leipzig1 & o!rs4 ,! real lead]s ( ^! ,philippi/s 7 ,peuc] & ,crac[4 ,_! s*eme 0 to prepossess ! ,elector aga9/ ! loyal adh]5ts ( ,lu!r1 especially ,flacius1 gradually to w9 him ov] to _! lib]al views1 &1 at ! prop] mom5t1 to surr5d] & deliv] ,electoral ,saxony to ! ,calv9i/s4 ,9 prosecut+ ?is s9i/] plan1 !y 7 unscrupul\s also 9 ! *oice ( _! means4 ,?us ,witt5b]g1 dur+ ,lu!r's days ! f\nta9head ( ! pure ,gospel & ! /ronghold ( uncompromis+ fidelity to ! tru?1 _h become a v]itable ne/ ( fanatical ,crypto-,calv9i/ic s*em]s & di%one/ anti-,lu!ran plott]s :o also controll$ ! situation 9 ! entire ,electorate4 ,! fir/ public /ep to accompli% _! purpose 0 ! publication ( ! ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,*ri/ianae1 or ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,misnicum1 or ,philippicum1 z x 0 also call$4 ,?is collection ( symbolical books 0 publi%$ #aefj at ,leipzig by ,casp> ,peuc]1 ,melan*?on's son-9-law1 ) a preface to bo? ! ,g]man & ,lat9 editions writt5 by ,melan*?on & dat$ ,septemb] #bi1 #aeei1 & ,febru>y #af1 #aefj1 respectively1--an act by :i*1 p]haps )\t suffici5tly realiz+ x1 ,melan*?on immode/ly assum$ = himself & 8 views ! place )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* :i* belong$ n to him1 b to ,lu!r4 ,! title :i* reveals ! ins9c]ity & ! purpose ( ?is publication1 runs z foll[s3 ,corpus ,doctr9ae1 i4e41 ! entire sum ( ! true & ,*ri/ian doctr9e 444 z a te/imony ( ! /eadfa/ & unanim\s confession ( ! pure & true religion 9 :i* ! s*ools & *ur*es ( ^! ,electoral ,saxon & ,meiss5 t]ritories h rema9$ & p]sev]$ 9 all po9ts accord+ to ! ,augsburg ,confession = n[ almo/ ?irty ye>s aga9/ ! unf\nd$ false *>ges & accusations ( all ly+ spirits1 #aefj4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 ?is ,corpus conta9$1 besides ! ,ecum5ical ,symbols1 only writ+s ( ,melan*?on1 notably ! alt]$ ,augsburg ,confession & ! alt]$ ,apology ( #aedb1 ! ,saxon ,confession ( #aeea1 ! *ang$ ,loci1 ! ,exam5 ,ord9&orum ( #aeed1 & ! ,responsiones ad ,impios ,articulos ,inquisitionis ,bav>icae4 ,evid5tly ?is ,corpus ,philippicum1 :i* 0 introduc$ also 9 *ur*es outside ( ,electoral ,saxony1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! pr9ces or lead+ !ologians 7 ,melan*?onians1 0 int5d$ to ali5ate ! ,electorate f ! old tea*+ ( ,lu!r1 to sanction & fur!r ! ,melan*?onian t5d5cy1 & ?us to pave ! way = ,calv9ism4 ,x 0 foi/$ ^u1 & rigor\sly en=c$ 91 all ! *ur*es ( ,electoral ,saxony4 ,all pr(essors1 m9i/]s1 & tea*]s 7 pl$g$ by an oa? to tea* accord+ to x4 ,su* z refus$ to subscribe 7 depos$1 imprison$1 or bani%$4 ,among ! p]secut$ pa/ors we f9d ! foll[+ names3 ,tettelba*1 sup]9t5d5t 9 ,*emnitz2 ,george ,h]b/1 deacon 9 ,*emnitz & lat] sup]9t5d5t 9 ,eisleb52 ,graf1 sup]9t5d5t 9 ,sang]haus52 ,s*ade1 ,he9e1 & ,s*uetz1 pa/ors 9 ,freib]g4 ,:5 m9i/]s :o refus$ _! signatures appeal$ to ,lu!r's writ+s1 !y 7 told t ,lu!r's books mu/ be und]/ood & expla9$ accord+ to ,melan*?on's ,corpus4 ,at ,witt5b]g ! opposition to ,lu!r & 8 tea*+ bord]$ on fanaticism4 ,:51 = example1 9 #aefh ,conrad ,s*luesselburg & ,alb]t ,s*irm]1 two ,witt5b]g /ud5ts1 ent]$ a compla9t aga9/ ,pr(essors ,pezel & ,peuc] because ( _! deviations f ,lu!r 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp] & refus$ to admit t ,peuc] & 8 colleagues repres5t$ ! pure doctr9e 9 ?is matt]1 !y 7 expell$ f ! univ]sity1 ana!matiz$1 & driv5 f ! city4 7,s*luesselburg #ac1 #fji4 #gcj2 ,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bej47 ,imm$iately aft] its appe>ance1 ! ,corpus ,philippicum 0 d5\nc$ by loyal ,lu!rans1 notably ^? ( ,reuss1 ,s*o5feld1 & ,j5a4 ,:5 ! *>ges ( false tea*+ aga9/ ! ,witt5b]g !ologians increas$ 9 numb] & =ce1 ,elector ,augu/ arrang$ a colloquy betwe5 ! !ologians ( ,j5a & ,witt5b]g4 ,x 0 held at ,alt5burg & la/$ f ,octob]1 #aefh1 to ,m>*1 #aefi because ! ,witt5b]g]s1 evid5tly afraid ( compromis+ !mselves1 insi/$ on its be+ conduct$ 9 writ+ only4 ,! result ( ?is colloquy 0 a public decl>ation on ! "p ( ,wig&1 ,coele/9us1 ,kir*n] ,ros9us1 & o!rs to ! effect t ! ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig !ologians _h unmi/akably reveal$ !mselves z false tea*]s4 ,at ! colloquy ! ,j5a !ologians object$ 9 p>ticul> also to ! ,corpus ,misnicum because x conta9$ ! alt]$ ,augu/ana1 conc]n+ :i* !y decl>$3 ,melan*?on has *ang$ ! said ,augsburg ,confession s (t5 t f9ally he has op5$ a w9d[ ?r\gh :i* ! ,sacram5t>ians & ,calv9i/s c sneak into x4 ,"o mu/ wat* c>efully1 le/ 9 c\rse ( "t ! ,papi/s also f9d su* a loophole to twi/ !mselves into x4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #beb47 ,! ,philippi/s ( ,leipzig & ,witt5b]g 9 turn1 d5\nc$ ! ,j5a !ologians z ,flacian fight+ cocks 7,flacianis*e ,had]katz574 ,!y also succe$$ 9 p]suad+ ,elector ,augu/ to adopt m rigor\s measures aga9/ ! malcont5ts 9 8 t]ritories4 ,= 9 addition to ! adoption ( ! ,corpus ,philippicum ! m9i/]s 7 n[ requir$ to subscribe to a decl>ation :i* 0 tantam\nt to an endorsem5t ( all ( ! false doctr9es ent]ta9$ by ! ,witt5b]g]s4 ,! decl>ation read3 ,i d n adh]e to ! dang]\s ,flacian ,illyrian errors1 cont5tions1 poison\s backbit+s1 & fanaticism 7za5kis*em ,ges*meiss1 giftigem ,gebeiss und ,s*wa]m]ei7 ) :i* ! s*ools & *ur*es ( ?is c\ntry are burd5$ by ,flacius conc]n+ ! imag9$ adiaphorism1 syn]gism1 & ,majorism & o!r false accusations1 nor h ,i any pleasure 9 x ! qu>rel+1 & 9 ! future ,i int5d1 by ! help ( ,god1 to ab/a9 f x altoge!r1 to damn1 flee1 & avoid x1 & z mu* z ,i am able1 to prev5t x4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bec2 ,wal!r1 #di47 #bab4 ,bold ,/rides ,=w>d4 ,feel+ !mselves firm & safe 9 ! saddle1 ! ,witt5b]g ,philippi/s n[ decid$ on fur!r public /eps 9 ! direction ( ,calv9ism4 ,9 #aegj !y publi%$ ,propositions 7,propositiones7 ,conc]n+ ! ,*ief ,controv]sies ( ,?is ,"t1 9 :i* ! ,lu!ran doctr9e reg>d+ ! maje/y ( ! human nature ( ,*ri/ 0 repudiat$4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> !y add$ a new ,cate*ism1 entitl$3 ,cate*esis cont95s explicationem simplicem et brevem decalogi1 ,symboli ,apo/olici1 orationis dom9icae1 doctr9ae ,*ri/ianae1 quod amplectuntur ac tu5tur ,ecclesiae regionum ,saxonic>um et ,misnic>um quae sunt subiectae editioni ,ducis ,electoris ,saxoniae1 edita 9 ,academia ,witeb]g5si et accommodata ad usum s*ol>um pu]ilium4 #aega4 ,?is ,cate*ism1 writt51 accord+ to ,wig&1 by ,pezel1 appe>$ anonym\sly4 ,its preface1 sign$ by ! ,witt5b]g !ological faculty1 expla9s t ! new ,cate*ism 0 an epitome ( ! ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,misnicum & m]ely int5d$ z a supplem5t ( ,lu!r's ,cate*ism = progress$ s*ol>s :o 7 9 ne$ ( additional in/ruction4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 its doctr9e conc]n+ ! p]son ( ,*ri/ & ! ,"l's ,supp] 0 9 sub/antial agreem5t ) ! tea*+ ( ,calv94 ,"u ! odi\s "n ( ubiquity x reject$ ! omnipres5ce ( ,*ri/ accord+ to ,8 human nature1 & sanction$ ,calv9's tea*+ conc]n+ ! local inclusion ( ,*ri/ 9 heav54 ,acts #c1 #ba 0 r5d]$ 9 ,beza's translation3 ,quem oportet coelo capi4 ,:o mu/ be receiv$ by ! heav54 ,! ,cate*ism decl>es3 ,! asc5sion 0 visible & corporeal2 ! entire ,antiquity has always writt5 t ,*ri/'s body is re/rict$ to a c]ta9 place1 :]ev] ,he wi%es x to be2 & a bodily asc5sion 0 made upw>ds4 ,asc5sio fuit visibilis et coporalis1 et semp] ita scripsit tota antiquitas1 ,*ri/um corporali locatione 9 aliquo loco esse1 ubicumque vult1 et asc5sio corporalis facta e/ sursum4 ,conc]n+ ! real pres5ce1 ! ,cate*ism m]ely /ates3 ,! ,"l's ,supp] is ! communication ( ! body & blood ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ z x is in/itut$ 9 ! words ( ! ,gospel2 9 :i* eat+ 7sumptione7 ! ,son ( ,god is truly & sub/antially pres5t1 & te/ifies t ,he applies ,8 b5efits to ! believ]s4 ,he also te/ifies t ,he has assum$ ! human nature = ! purpose ( mak+ u1 :o are +raft$ into ,him by fai?1 ,8 memb]s4 ,he f9ally te/ifies t ,he wi%es to be 9 ! believ]s1 to tea*1 quick5 & gov]n !m4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bfc47 ,! sacram5tal union1 oral eat+ & dr9k+1 & ! eat+ & dr9k+ ( ! wick$ are n m5tion$4 ,ts*ack]t rem>ks t e ,calv9i/ w\ld readily h subscrib$ to ! tea*+ ( ?is ,cate*ism4 7#ede47 ,:5 ! ,witt5b]g ,cate*ism 0 w>n$ aga9/ & designat$ z ,calv9i/ic by ,*emnitz1 ,mo]l91 & o!r !ologians ( ,brunswick1 ,lu5eburg1 ,mansfeld1 ,j5a1 & ,halle1 ! ,witt5b]g]s answ]$ & endeavor$ to def5d _! position 9 ! s-call$ ,grundfe/e1 ,firm ,f\ndation1 ( #aega4 ,x 0 a co>se & sl&]\s publication1 z ev5 ! title indicates1 :i* reads3 ,firm ,f\ndation ( ! ,true ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ,conc]n+ ! ,p]son & ,inc>nation ( ,our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ aga9/ ! ,mod]n ,m>cionites1 ,samosat5es1 ,sabellians1 ,arians1 ,ne/orians1 ,euty*ians1 & ,mono!lites among ! ,flacian ,rabble ,publi%$ by ! ,!ologians 9 ,witt5b]g4 ,9 ?is ,grundfe/e ! ,witt5b]g]s pres5t ! matt] z ?\gh ! real issue 7 n ! ,"l's ,supp]1 b ,*ri/ology4 ,!y enum]ate z h]etics also ! ,ubiquiti/s1 includ+ ,br5z1 ,&reae1 & ,*emnitz4 ,) respect to _! own agreem5t ) ,calv91 !y rem>k t _! tea*+ is ! doctr9e ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 9 :i* po9t1 !y said1 also ,calv9 agre$4 7,ts*ack]t1 #edf47 ,?is d>+ ,calv9i/ic publication aga9 result$ 9 num]\s prote/s aga9/ ! ,witt5b]g]s on ! "p ( al>m$ ,lu!rans ev]y:]e outside ( ,electoral ,saxony1 :i* induc$ ,elector ,augu/ to require 8 !ologians to deliv] at ,dresd51 ,octob] #aj1 #aega1 a def9ite /atem5t ( _! fai?4 ,! confession :i* !y pres5t$ 0 entitl$3 ,brief ,*ri/ian & ,simple ,repetition ( ! ,confession ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,god 9 ! ,t]ritories ( ! ,elector ( ,saxony ,conc]n+ ! ,holy ,supp]1 etc4 ,! ,cons5sus ,dresd5sis1 z ! docum5t 0 call$1 satisfi$ ! ,elector at lea/ tempor>ily1 & 0 publi%$ also 9 ,lat9 & l[ ,g]man4 ,ess5tially1 h[ev]1 ! indef9ite & dubi\s language ( ! ,cate*ism 0 "h b repeat$4 ,conc]n+ ! maje/y ( ,*ri/ ! ,dresd5 ,cons5sus decl>es t aft] ! resurrection & asc5sion ! human nature ( ,*ri/ 0 adorn$ ) high] gifts ?an all angels & m54 ,9 ,8 asc5sion1 ! ,cons5sus cont9ues1 ,*ri/ pass$ ?r\gh ! visible heav5s & occupi$ ! heav5ly dwell+1 :]e ,he 9 glory & spl5dor reta9s ! ess5ce1 prop]ty1 =m1 & %ape ( ,8 true body1 & f !re ,he1 at ! la/ day1 w come aga9 unto ,judgm5t 9 great spl5dor1 visibly4 ,9 a simil> vague1 ambigu\s1 & mislead+ mann] ,*ri/'s sitt+ at ! "r h& ( ,god is spok5 (4 ,omitt+ ! oral eat+ & dr9k+ & ! eat+ & dr9k+ ( ! wick$1 ! ,cons5sus /ates conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] t 9 ?is ,sacram5t ,*ri/ gives u ) ! bread & w9e ,8 true body sacrific$ = u on ! cross1 & ,8 true blood %$ = u1 & !reby te/ifies t ,he receives u1 makes u memb]s ( ,8 body1 wa%es u ) ,8 blood1 pres5ts =giv5ess ( s9s1 & wi%es truly to dwell & to be efficaci\s 9 u4 7,ts*ack]t1 #edf47 ,! oppon5ts ( ! ,witt5b]g]s are br&$ z unruly m51 :o1 seek+ nei!r tru? nor peace1 excite (f5sive disputations conc]n+ ! real pres5ce 9 ! ,"l's ,supp] z well z ) reg>d to o!r articles4 ,_! doctr9e ( ! real communication 7realis seu physica communicatio7 is *>act]iz$ z a corruption ( ! article ( ! two natures 9 ,*ri/ & z a revamp+ ( ! h]esies ( ! ,m>cionites1 ,val5t9ians1 ,mani*eans1 ,samosat5es1 ,sabellians1 ,arians1 ,ne/orians1 ,euty*ians1 & ,mono!lites4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bfd;f47 #bac4 ,app>5tly ,victori\s4 ,all ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic publications ( ! ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig ,philippi/s 7 duly unmask$ by ! ,lu!rans outside ( ,electoral ,saxony1 especially 9 ,nor!rn ,g]many4 ,_! v>i\s op9ions 7 publi%$ at ,j5a1 #aegb1 "u ! title3 ,unanim\s ,confession 7,e9helliges ,bek5ntnis7 ( ,_m ,highly ,le>n$ ,!ologians & ,prom95t ,*ur*es #a4 conc]n+ ! ,new ,cate*ism ( ! ,new ,witt5b]g]s1 & #b4 conc]n+ _! ,new ,f\ndation 7,grundfe/e71 also #c4 conc]n+ _! ,new ,confession 7,cons5sus ,dresd5sis71 !reupon adopt$4 ,h[ev]1 all ?is & ! repeat$ w>n+s t came f e qu>t] outside ( 8 own t]ritories1 f ,lu!ran pr9ces z well z !ologians1 d n seem to h made ! lea/ impression on ,elector ,augu/4 ,yet he evid5tly 01 & always int5d$ to be a s9c]e1 devot$1 true-he>t$1 & s+lem9d$ ,lu!ran4 ,:51 = example1 9 #aegb ,beza1 at ! in/ance ( ! ,witt5b]g ,philippi/s1 d$icat$ 8 book aga9/ ,selnecc] to ,elector ,augu/1 ! latt] advis$ him n to tr\ble him any fur!r ) su* writ+s1 z he w\ld nev] all[ any o!r doctr9e 9 8 t]ritory ?an t ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,h[ev]1 bl9d & cr$ul\s z he 01 & fill$ ) prejudice & suspicion aga9/ ,flacius & ! ,j5a !ologians g5]ally1 :om he1 be+ ! bro!r ( ! usurp] ,maurice1 in/9ctively fe>$ z possibly also political enemies1 ,elector ,augu/ 0 easily dup$ & completely hypnotiz$1 z x 71 by ! m5 surr\nd+ him1 :o l$ him to believe t !y1 too1 7 9 entire agreem5t ) ,lu!r & m]ely oppos$ ! tr\ble-bre$+ ,flacians1 :om !y nev] tir$ ( d5\nc+ z zealots1 fanatics1 bigots1 wrangl]s1 b>k]s1 al>mi/s1 etc4 ,:ile 9 reality !y reject$ ! doctr9e t ! true body & blood ( ,*ri/ is truly & ess5tially pres5t 9 ! ,holy ,supp]1 ^! ,crypto-,calv9i/s pret5d$ 7& ,elector ,augu/ believ$ !m7 t !y m]ely object$ to a local pres5ce & to a ,cap]naitic eat+ & dr9k+ ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,holy ,supp]4 ,& :ile 9 reality !y cle>ly repudiat$ ,lu!r's tea*+1 accord+ to :i* ! div9e attributes 7omnipot5ce1 omnipres5ce1 etc47 are communicat$ to ! human nature ( ,*ri/1 !y caus$ ! ,elector to believe t !y m]ely oppos$ a delusion ( ! ,ubiquiti/s1 :o1 !y said1 taught t ! body ( ,*ri/ 0 locally ext5d$ ov] ! entire univ]se4 ,?is crass localism1 !y ma9ta9$1 0 ! tea*+ ( _! oppon5ts1 :ile !y !mselves fai?fully adh]$ to ! tea*+s ( ,lu!r & ,philip1 &1 9 g5]al1 7 oppos$ only to ! exagg]ations & excresc5ces advocat$ by ! bigot$ ,flacians4 7,wal!r1 #dc47 ,su* 0 ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,elector all[$ himself to be dup$ by ! ,philippi/s :o surr\nd$ him1--m5 :o gradually develop$ ! art ( dissimulation to prem$itat$ deceit1 falsehood1 & p]jury4 ,ev5 ! ,re=m$ !ologian ,simon ,/5ius1 a /ud5t at ,witt5b]g dur+ ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic p]iod1 *>ges ! ,witt5b]g]s ) di%one/y & sy/ematic dissimulation4 ,! same accusation 0 rais$ #aefa by ! juri/ ,ju/us ,jonas 9 8 lett]s to ,duke ,albre*t ( ,prussia4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bdi47 ,& evid5tly believ+ t ,elector ,augu/ c\ld be fool$ all ! "t1 !y became increas+ly bold 9 _! !ological publications1 & 9 _! intrigues z well4 ,to all practical purposes ! ,univ]sity ( ,witt5b]g 0 already ,calv9iz$4 ,calv9i/ic books appe>$ & 7 popul>4 ,ev5 ! "w ( a ,jesuit aga9/ ! book ( ,jacob ,&reae on ! ,maje/y ( ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/ 0 publi%$ at ,witt5b]g4 ,! same 0 done ) a treatise ( ,beza1 al?\gh1 9 ord] to deceive ! public1 ! title-page gave ,g5eva z ! place ( publication4 ,hans ,lufft1 ! ,witt5b]g pr9t]1 lat] decl>$ t dur+ ?is "t he did n "k h[ to dispose ( ! books ( ,lu!r :i* he /ill _h 9 /ock1 b t1 if he _h pr9t$ tw5ty or ?irty times z _m ,calv9i/ic books1 he w\ld h sold all ( !m v rapidly4 ,ev5 ,provid5ce seem$ to bless & favor ! plans ( ! plott]s4 ,= :5 on ,m>* #c1 #aegc1 ,duke ,john ,william1 ! patron & protector ( ! fai?ful ,lu!rans1 di$1 ,elector ,augu/ became ! gu>dian ( 8 two sons4 ,& fanaticiz$ by 8 advis]s1 ! ,elector1 imm$iately ^u tak+ hold ( ! gov]nm5t 9 ,ducal ,saxony1 bani%$ ,wig&1 ,hes%usius1 ,casp> ,meliss&] born #aedj2 #aega pr(essor ( !ology 9 ,j5a2 #aegh sup]9t5d5t 9 ,alt5burg2 di$ #aeia ,ros9us born #aebj2 #aeei sup]9t5d5t 9 ,weim> #aegd sup]9t5d5t 9 ,reg5sburg2 di$ #aehf1 ,g]nh>d1 c\rt-prea*] 9 ,weim>1 & m ?an #ajj prea*]s & tea*]s ( ,ducal ,saxony4 ,! reason = ?is cruel proc$ure 0 _! refusal to adopt ! ,corpus ,philippicum1 & because !y decl9$ to promise sil5ce ) respect to ! ,philippi/s4 #bad4 ,exegesis ,p]spicua4 ,9 #aegc1 ! ,calv9ization ( ,electoral & ,ducal ,saxony 01 app>5tly1 an accompli%$ fact4 ,b ! v next ye> m>k$ ! ignom9i\s d[nfall & ! unmask+ ( ! di%one/ ,philippi/s4 ,= 9 ?is ye> appe>$ ! infam\s ,exegesis1 :i* f9ally op5$ ! eyes ( ,elector ,augu/4 ,its complete title ran3 ,exegesis ,p]spicua et f]me ,integra ,controv]siae de ,sacra ,co5a--,p]spicu\s & ,almo/ ,complete ,explanation ( ! ,controv]sy ,conc]n+ ! ,holy ,supp]4 ,! cont5ts & make-up ( ! book z well z ! secret me?ods adopt$ = its circulation cle>ly reveal$ t its purpose 0 to deal a f9al bl[ to ,lu!ranism 9 ord] to bani% x =ev] f ,saxony4 ,nei!r ! au?or1 nor ! publi%]1 nor ! place & date ( publication 7 any:]e indicat$ 9 ! book4 ,! pap] bore ,g5eva m>k & ! lett]+ 0 ,fr5*4 ,! prima facie impression 0 t x came f abroad4 ,be=e long1 h[ev]1 x 0 e/abli%$ t ! ,exegesis _h be5 publi%$ 9 ,leipzig by ! pr9t] ,voegel91 :o at fir/ also claim$ its au?or%ip4 ,b :5 ! impossibility ( ?is 0 %[n1 ,voegel91 9 a public he>+1 /at$ t ,joa*im ,curaeus ( ,silesia1 a physician :o _h left ,saxony & di$ #aegc1 0 ! au?or ( ! book4 ,val5t9 ,loes*]1 h[ev]1 relates 7,hi/oria ,motuum #c1 #aie7 t probably ,pezel & ! son-9-law ( ,melan*?on1 ,peuc]1 _h a h& 9 x2 t ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ ,esram ,ru$+] born #aebc1 son-9-law ( ,cam]>ius1 pr(essor ( physics 9 ,witt5b]g1 di$ #aeia 0 its real au?or2 t x 0 pr9t$ at ,leipzig 9 ord] to keep ! real orig9ators ( x hidd51 & t1 = ! same purpose1 ! ,silesian ,c&idate ( ,m$ic9e ,curaeus _h tak5 ! responsibility ( its au?or%ip ^u himself4 7,ts*ack]t1 #edg47 ,self-evid5tly1 ! ,witt5b]g !ologians disclaim$ any k (1 or any connection )1 ! orig9 ( ! ,exegesis4 ,h[ev]1 !y 7 ev]y:]e believ$ to %>e its radical tea*+s1 & kn[n to h spread x among ! /ud5ts ( ! univ]sity1 & suspect$ also ( hav+ be=e ?is resort$ to tactics simil> to ^? employ$ 9 ! ,exegesis4 ,z e>ly z #aefa1 = example1 rhymes _h secretly be5 circulat$ 9 ,witt5b]g1 ! burd5 ( :i* 0 t fai? alone effects ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 & t ! m\? receives no?+ b natural bread4 ,"o ( ^! ran z foll[s3 ,alle9 d] ,glaub' an ,jesum ,*ri/ ,s*afft1 dass er geg5wa]tig i/1 ,und spei/ uns mit sei'm ,fleis* und ,blut ,und si* mit uns e9ig5 tut4 ,d] ,mund empfaeht natu]li* ,brot1 ,die ,seel' ab] spei/ selb] ,gott4 7,wal!r1 #df47 ,( c\rse1 ! purpose ( su* dodg]s 0 to prep>e ! way = ,calv9ism4 ,& on ! v face ( x1 ! ,exegesis ,p]spicua 0 int5d$ to s]ve simil> secret propag&a4 ,! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 ! prec$+ publications ( ! ,philippi/s & ! ,exegesis 0 t "h !y came out 9 cle> & unmi/akable language4 ,! sacram5tal union1 ! oral eat+ & dr9k+ 7m&ucatio oralis71 & ! eat+ & dr9k+ ( ! wick$1 :i* be=e 7 pass$ by 9 sil5ce1 are dealt ) ext5sively & repudiat$4 ,! ,exegesis tea*es3 ,! body ( ,*ri/ is inclos$ 9 heav52 9 ! ,holy ,supp] x is pres5t only accord+ to its efficacy1 !re is no union ( ! body ( ,*ri/ ) ! bread & w9e2 h5ce1 !re nei!r is nor c be su* a ?+ z oral eat+ & dr9k+ or eat+ & dr9k+ ( unbeliev]s4 ,! ubiquity1 z ! ,exegesis t]ms ! omnipres5ce ( ,*ri/'s human nature1 is condemn$ z ,euty*ian h]esy4 ,! ,exegesis decl>$3 ,9 ! use ( ! bread & w9e ! believ]s by fai? become true & liv+ memb]s ( ! body ( ,*ri/1 :o is pres5t & efficaci\s ?r\gh ^! symbols1 z ?r\gh a m9i/ry inflam+ & r5ew+ our he>ts by ,8 ,holy ,_s4 ,! unbeliev+1 h[ev]1 d n become p>tak]s1 or ko9onoi1 b because ( _! contempt are guilty ( ! body ( ,*ri/4 7,seeb]g1 ,grundriss #adf47 ,aft] fulsome praise ( ! ,re=m$1 ^: doctr9e1 ! ,exegesis says1 is 9 agreem5t ) ! symbols ( ! anci5t ,*ur*1 & :o z to m>tyrdom surpass ! ,lu!rans1 & aft] a correspond+ depreciation ( ,lu!r1 :o 9 ! heat ( ! controv]sy 0 said frequ5tly to h gone too f>1 ! ,exegesis recomm5ds t ! wise/ ?+ w\ld be to foll[ ! m5 :om ,god _h plac$ at ! side ( ,lu!r1 & :o _h spok5 m correctly ?an ,lu!r4 ,foll[+ ,melan*?on1 all might unite 9 ! neutral =mula1 ,! bread is ! communion ( ! body ( ,*ri/1 avoid+ all fur!r def9ition reg>d+ ! ubiquity ! omnipres5ce ( ,*ri/'s human nature & ! eat+ ( ! true body ( ,*ri/1 until a synod _h def9itely decid$ ^! matt]s4 7,ts*ack]t1 #edg47 ,all purifi$ *ur*es 7all *ur*es 9 ,g]many1 ,switz]l&1 etc41 purifi$ f ,roman errors71 ! ,exegesis urges1 ought to be 9 accord ) "o ano!r2 & ?is pi\s concord %\ld n be di/urb$ on acc\nt ( ?is diff]5ce reg>d+ ! ,holy ,supp]4 ,let u be unit$ 9 ,*ri/ & discont9ue ^? dang]\s tea*+s conc]n+ ! ubiquity1 ! eat+ ( ! true body on ! "p ( ! wick$1 & simil> ?+s4 ,! tea*]s %\ld agree on a =mula :i* c\ld n create (f5se4 ,!y %\ld employ ! modes ( spee* f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ,melan*?on4 ,x is be/ to suppress public disputations1 & :5 cont5ti\s m5 create /rife & disquiet among ! p1 ! prop] ?+ to d1 z ,philip advis$ 9 8 op9ion to ! ,elector ( ! ,palat9ate1 is to depose su* p]sons ( ei!r p>ty1 & to fill _! places ) m mode/ m54 ,! tea*]s mu/ promote unity1 & recomm5d ! *ur*es & tea*]s ( ! opposite p>ty4 7,wal!r1 #ea47 ,su* 0 ! tea*+ & ! !ological attitude ( ! ,exegesis4 ,x advocat$ a union ( ! ,lu!rans & ! ,re=m$ bas$ on indiff]5tism1 & a surr5d] 9 all important doctr9al po9ts to ,calv9ism1 ! ,lu!rans m]ely reta9+ _! "n4 ,?is unioni/ic attitude ( ! ,exegesis has be5 g5]ally1 also 9 ,am]ica1 t]m$ ,melan*?onianism4 #bae4 ,plott]s ,unmask$4 ,! pla9 & unmi/akable language ( ! ,exegesis cle>$ ! atmosph]e1 & ev]y:]e dispell$ all d\bts z to ! real nature ( ! !ological tr5d at ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig4 ,n[ x 0 pla9 to ev]ybody beyond ! %ad[ ( a d\bt t ,electoral ,saxony 0 inde$ infe/$ ) decid$ ,calv9i/s4 ,& be=e long also ! web ( deceit & falsehood :i* !y _h spun ar\nd ! ,elector 0 torn into %r$s4 ,! appe>ance ( ! ,exegesis result$ 9 a cry ( indignation ?r\gh\t ,lu!ran ,g]many aga9/ ! ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig ,philippi/s4 ,yet1 9 #aegd1 only few books appe>$ aga9/ ! docum5t1 :i*1 inde$1 0 n 9 ne$ ( a special refutation4 ,wig& publi%$ ,analysis ( ! ,new ,exegesis1 & ,hes%usius3 ,ass]tion 7,ass]tio7 ( ! ,true ,doctr9e ,conc]n+ ! ,supp]1 aga9/ ! ,calv9ian ,exegesis4 ,at ! same "t ,elector ,augu/ 0 aga9 urg$ by ,lu!ran pr9ces notably ! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k & ,duke ,ludwig ( ,wu]ttemb]g1 also by private p]sons1 to proce$ aga9/ ! ,calv9i/s 9 8 c\ntry & n to sp>e !m any long]4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bfg47 ,! ag$ ,c\nt ( ,h5neb]g made x a po9t to see ! ,elector p]sonally 9 ?is matt]4 ,b !re 0 little ne$ = fur!r admonitions1 = ! ,exegesis _h op5$ ! ,elector's eyes4 ,& soon aft] its publication discov]ies 7 made :i* fill$ ,augu/ ) deep humiliation & burn+ indignation at ! base deception practis$ on him by ! v m5 :om he _h tru/$ implicitly & plac$ 9 mo/ important positions4 ,by ly+ & deceit ! ,philippi/s _h = a long p]iod succe$$ 9 hold+ ! confid5ce ( ,elector ,augu/2 b n[ ! "t = _! complete & +lori\s unmask+ _h arriv$4 ,%ortly aft] ! ,exegesis _h appe>$1 ,peuc] wrote a lett] to ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ ,*ri/ian ,s*uetze1 !n c\rt-prea*] 9 ,dresd5 :o /udi$ at ,leipzig2 became sup]9t5d5t at ,*emnitz 9 #aeej1 c\rt-prea*] ( ,elector ,augu/ 9 #aeed2 :5 he 0 buri$1 boys ?rew a black h5 ov] 8 c(f91 cry+1 ',"h flies ! ,calv9i/ic devil2' ,joe*]1 ,lexicon #d1 #cgb1 :i* he _h address$ to ! wife ( ! c\rt-prea*] 9 ord] to avoid suspicion4 ,by mi/ake ! lett] 0 deliv]$ to ! wife ( ! c\rt-prea*] ,ly/h5ius born #aecb2 /udi$ 9 ,witt5b]g2 became c\rt-prea*] ( ,elector ,augu/ 9 #aegb & lat] on 8 confessor2 oppos$ ,crypto-,calv9ism2 0 dismiss$ #aeij by ,*ancellor ,crell2 #aeia re/or$ to 8 position 9 ,dresd51 di$ #aeif4 ,aft] op5+ ! lett] & f9d+ x to be writt5 9 ,lat91 %e gave x to h] husb&1 :o1 9 turn1 deliv]$ x to ! ,elector4 ,9 x ,peuc] reque/$ ,s*uetze dext]\sly to slip into ! h&s ( ,anna1 ! wife ( ! ,elector1 a ,calv9i/ic pray]-book :i* he _h s5t ) ! lett]4 ,peuc] add$3 ,if fir/ we h ,"m ,anna on our side1 !re w be no difficulty 9 w9n+ ,8 ,lord%ip h] husb& too4 ,additional implicat+ mat]ial 0 discov]$ :5 ,augu/us n[ confiscat$ ! correspond5ce ( ,peuc]1 ,s*uetze1 ,/oessel1 & ,crac[4 ,! lett]s f\nd reveal$ ! consummate p]fidy1 di%one/y1 cunn+1 & trea*]y ( ! m5 :o _h be5 ! tru/$ advis]s ( ! ,elector1 :o _h enjoy$ 8 implicit confid5ce1 & :o by _! falsehoods _h caus$ him to p]secute hundr$s ( innoc5t & fai?ful ,lu!ran m9i/]s4 ,! fact 0 cle>ly e/abli%$ t ^! ,philippi/s _h be5 sy/ematically plott+ to ,calv9ize ,saxony4 ,! v argum5ts ) :i* ,lu!r's doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp] & ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/ might be/ be refut$ 7 enum]at$ 9 ^! lett]s4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ask$ by ! ,elector :e!r !y 7 ,calv9i/s1 ^! self-convict$ deceiv]s are said to h answ]$ t !y w\ld n see ! face ( ,god 9 et]nity if 9 any po9t !y 7 addict$ to ! doctr9es ( ! ,sacram5t>ians or deviat$ 9 ! lea/ f ,dr4 ,lu!r's tea*+4 7,wal!r1 #ef47 ,! lead]s ( ! conspiracy 7 inc>c]at$4 ,crac[ di$ 9 prison1 #aege2 ,/oessel1 #aegf4 ,x 0 z late z #aehf t ,peuc] rega9$ 8 lib]ty1 ,s*uetze 9 #aehi4 #baf4 ,lu!ranism ,re/or$4 ,9 all ! *ur*es ( ,saxony ?anksgiv+ s]vices 7 held to praise ,god = ! f9al triumph ( g5u9e ,lu!ranism4 ,a memorial co9 celebrat+ ! victory ov] ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s1 be>+ ! date #aegd1 0 /ruck at ,torgau4 ,! obv]se exhibits ,elector ,augu/ h&+ a book to ,elector ,john ,george ( ,br&5burg4 ,! inscription above reads3 ,cons]va ,apud ,nos ,v]bum ,tuum1 ,dom9e4 ,pres]ve ,?y ,^w among ,u1 ,o ,"l4 ,bel[1 ! inscription runs3 ,augu/us1 ,dei ,gratia ,dux ,saxionae et ,elector4 ,augu/us1 by ! ,grace ( ,god ,duke ( ,saxony & ,elector4 ,! rev]se repres5ts ,torgau & its surr\nd+s1 ) ,witt5b]g 9 ! di/ance4 ,! ,elector1 clad 9 8 armor1 is /&+ on a rock be>+ ! inscription3 ,s*loss ,h>t5fels 7ca/le at ,torgau74 ,9 8 "r h& he is hold+ a sword1 9 8 left a balance1 ^: fall+ scale1 9 :i* ! ,*ild ,jesus is sitt+1 be>s ! inscription3 ,die ,allma*t1 ,omnipot5ce4 ,! light] & ris+ pan1 9 :i* f\r ,witt5b]g ,crypto-,calv9i/s are va9ly ex]t+ !mselves to ! utmo/ 9 pull+ on ! *a9s ( _! pan 9 ord] to increase its weight1 & on ! beam ( :i* also ! devil is sitt+1 is inscrib$3 ,die ,v]nunft1 ,reason4 ,above1 ,god appe>s1 say+ to ! ,elector1 ,jo%ua #a1 #e4 #f3 ,confide1 ,non ,d]el9quam ,te4 ,tru/1 ,i w n =sake !e4 ,bel[ we read3 ,apud ,deum ,non ,e/ ,impossibile ,v]bum ,ullum1 ,lucae #a4 ,cons]va ,apud ,nos ,v]bum ,tuum1 ,dom9e4 #aegd4 ,no?+ is impossible ) ,god1 ,luke #a4 ,pres]ve ,?y ,^w among u1 ,"l4 #aegd4 ,! obv]se ( a small] m$al1 also ( #aegd %[s ! bu/ ( ,elector ,augu/ ) ! inscription3 ,augu/us1 ,dei ,gratia ,dux ,saxoniae ,et ,elector4 ,! rev]se exhibits a %ip 9 tr\bl$ wat]s ) ! crucifi$ ,*ri/ 9 h] exp&$ sails1 & ! ,elector 9 8 armor & ) ! sword on 8 %\ld]1 /&+ at ! foot ( ! ma/4 ,9 ! ro>+ ocean are enemies1 %oot+ ) arr[s & /rik+ ) swords1 mak+ an assault ^u ! %ip4 ,! fe>lessness ( ! ,elector is express$ 9 ! inscription3 ,te ,gub]natore1 ,?\ ,*ri/ be+ ! pilot4 ,among ! jubilee m$als ( #afag !re is "o :i* evid5tly1 too1 celebrates ! victory ov] ,zw+lianism & ,calv9ism4 ,its obv]se exhibits ,fr$]ick 9 8 electoral g>b po9t+ ) two f+]s ( 8 "r h& to ! "n ,jehovah at ! head ( ! m$al4 ,at 8 left ,lu!r is /&+ ) a burn+ light 9 8 "r h& & po9t+ ) ! =ef+] ( 8 left h& to a book ly+ on a table & be>+ ! title3 ,biblia ,sacra3 ,verbum ,dei ,manet ,in ,aet]num4 ,! rev]se repres5ts ! ,elector /&+ on a rock inscrib$3 ,s*loss ,h>t5fels1 ,ca/le ,h>t5fels4 ,9 8 "r h& he is hold+ ! sword & 9 8 left a balance4 ,"u ! fall+ scale1 conta9+ ! ,*ild ,jesus1 we read3 ,die ,allma*t1 ,omnipot5ce1 & "u ! ris+ pan1 9 :i* ! s]p5t is ly+3 ,die ,v]nunft1 ,reason4 ,! m>g9al inscription runs4 ,iosua #a3 ,confide4 ,non ,d]el9quam ,te4 ,jo%ua #a3 ,tru/4 ,i w n =sake !e4 7,*4 ,junk]1 ,ehr5g$ae*tnis ,dr4 ,m4 ,lu!rs1 #cec4 #chc47 ,self-evid5tly1 ,elector ,augu/ imm$iately took measures also to ree/abli% 9 8 t]ritories ,lu!r's doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,! beg9n+ 0 made by introduc+ a confession prep>$ by reliable sup]9t5d5ts & discuss$1 adopt$1 & subscrib$ at ! ,diet ( ,torgau1 ,septemb]1 #aegd1 & publi%$ simultane\sly 9 ,g]man & ,lat94 ,its ,g]man title ran3 ,brief ,confession 7,kurz ,bek5ntnis7 & ,articles ,conc]n+ ! ,holy ,supp] ( ! ,body & ,blood ( ,*ri/1 f :i* may cle>ly be se5 :at h]et(ore has be5 publicly taught1 believ$1 & confess$ conc]n+ x 9 bo? univ]sities ( ,leipzig & ,witt5b]g1 & else:]e 9 all *ur*es & s*ools ( ! ,elector ( ,saxony1 also :at has be5 rebuk$ & is /ill rebuk$ z ,sacram5t>ian error & en?usiasm4 ,! ,torgau ,confession1 !re=e1 does n reject ! ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,misnicum ( #aefj nor ev5 ! ,cons5sus ,dresd5sis ( #aega1 & pret5ds t ,melan*?on 0 9 doctr9al agreem5t ) ,lu!r1 & t only a few ,crypto-,calv9i/s _h ( late be5 discov]$ 9 ! ,electorate4 ,?is pret5se 0 ! *ief reason :y ! ,confession did n escape criticism4 ,9 #aege ,wig& publi%$3 ,:e!r ! ,new ,witt5b]g]s _h hi!rto always taught h>moni\sly & agreeably ) ! ,old1 & :e!r ,lu!r's & ,philip's writ+s 7 ?r\gh\t 9 entire h>mony & agreem5t4 ,z = its doctr9e1 h[ev]1 ! ,torgau ,confession pla9ly upholds ! ,lu!ran tea*+4 ,article ,,vii cont5ds t 9 ! di/ribution ( ! ,"l's ,supp] ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ are truly receiv$ also by ! unwor?y4 ,article ,,viii ma9ta9s ! oral eat+ & dr9k+1 oris m&ucatio4 ,calv91 ,beza1 ,bull+]1 ,pet] ,m>tyr & ! ,heidelb]g !ologians are reject$1 & _! names expressly m5tion$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ubiquity local ext5sion ( ! fle% ( ,*ri/ is disav[$ & a discussion ( ! mode & possibility ( ! pres5ce ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ is decl9$ z some?+ inscrutable4 ,! ,lat9 passage reads3 ,ac ne c>nis quidem ubiquitatem1 aut quidquam1 quod vel v]itatem corporis ,*ri/i tollat1 vel ulli fidei articulo repugnet1 propt] praes5tiam 9 ,co5a f+imus aut probamus4 ,d5ique de modo et possibilitate praes5tiae corporis et sangu9is ,dom9i plane nihil disputamus4 ,nam omnia haec imp]scrutabilia /atuimus4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bfh47 ,casp> ,crucig]1 ,jr41 ,h5ry ,moell]1 ,*ri/oph] ,pezel1 & ,fr$]ick ,widebram1 :o refus$ to subscribe ! ,brief ,confession1 7 fir/ arre/$1 !n1 aft] subscrib+ ) a qualification1 releas$1 b f9ally 7#aegd7 bani%$4 ,widebram & ,pezel remov$ to ,nassau1 ,moell] to ,hamburg1 & ,crucig] to ,hesse4 ,at ,leipzig1 ,&rew ,freyhub1 :o appeal+ to ! ,cons5sus ,dresd5sis1 taught t ,*ri/ 0 exalt$ accord+ to bo? natures1 t div9e prop]ties 7 n communicat$ to ,8 humanity1 & t ,8 body 0 inclos$ 9 a c]ta9 place 9 heav5 0 depos$ 9 #aegf4 ,?us end$ ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic drama 9 ,electoral ,saxony4 ,h5ce=? su* m5 z ,&reae1 ,*emnitz1 & ,selnecc] 7 ! tru/$ advis]s ( ,augu/1 :o n[ became ! en?usia/ic1 devot$1 & self-sacrific+ lead] ( ! l>g] movem5t = settl+ all ( ! controv]sies di/ract+ ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 :i* f9ally result$ 9 ! adoption ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 #bag4 ,visitation ,articles4 ,elector ,augu/1 ! /an* def5d] ( g5u9e ,lu!ranism1 di$ #aehf4 ,"u 8 successor1 ,*ri/ian ,i1 & ,*ancellor ,ni*olas ,crell1 ,crypto-,calv9ism once m rais$ its head 9 ,electoral ,saxony4 ,b x 0 = a %ort p]iod only1 = ,*ri/ian ,i di$ ,septemb] #be1 #aeia1 & dur+ ! reg5cy ( ,duke ,fr$]ick ,william1 :o act$ z gu>dian ( ,*ri/ian ,,ii1 ,lu!ranism 0 ree/abli%$4 ,9 ord] effectually & p]man5tly to suppress ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic intrigues1 ! ,duke1 9 ,febru>y ( #aeib1 ord]$ a g5]al visitation ( all ! *ur*es 9 ! entire ,electorate4 ,= ?is purpose ,aegidius ,hunnius born #aeej2 #aegf pr(essor 9 ,m>burg & lat] sup]9t5d5t & pr(essor 9 ,witt5b]g2 att5d$ colloquy at ,reg5sburg #afja2 wrote num]\s books1 p>ticul>ly aga9/ ,papi/s & ,calv9i/s1 di$ #afjc1 ,m>t9 ,mirus born #aecb1 di$ #aeic1 ,george ,mylius born #aedd2 #aehd expell$ f ,augsburg because he 0 oppos$ to ! ,gregorian almanac1 s9ce #aehe pr(essor 9 ,witt5b]g & ,j5a1 di$ #afjg1 ,wolfgang ,mamphrasius born #aeeg2 sup]9t5d5t 9 ,wurtz52 di$ #afaf1 & o!rs1 :o 7 to conduct ! visitation1 compos$ ! s-call$ ,visitation ,articles :i* 7 pr9t$ 9 #aeic4 ,! complete title ( ^! articles runs3 ,visitation ,articles 9 ! ,entire ,electorate ( ,saxony1 toge!r ) ! ,negative & ,contr>y ,doctr9es ( ! ,calv9i/s & ! ,=m ( ,subscription1 z ,pres5t$ to be ,sign$ by ,bo? ,p>ties4 ,z a result ( ! visitation1 ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic pr(essors 9 ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig 7 exil$4 ,john ,salmu? born #aege2 c\rt-prea*] 9 ,dresd5 s9ce #aehd2 di$ #aeib & ,pri]ius1 also a m9i/] 9 ,dresd51 7 imprison$4 ,z a bloody f9ale ( ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic drama enact$ 9 ,electoral ,saxony1 ,*ancellor ,crell 0 behead$1 ,octob] #i1 #afja1 aft] an imprisonm5t ( t5 ye>s4 ,crell 0 puni%$1 accord+ to 8 epitaph1 z an enemy ( peace & a di/urb] ( ! public quiet--ho/is pacis et quietis publicae turbator1 or1 z ,hutt] rem>ks 9 8 ,concordia ,concors1 n on acc\nt ( 8 religion1 b on acc\nt ( 8 manifold p]fidy--non ob religionem1 s$ ob p]fidiam multiplicem4 7#ddh4 #abeh47 ,= a long p]iod 7till #ahcf7 all tea*]s & m9i/]s 9 ,electoral ,saxony 7 requir$ to subscribe also to ! ,visitation ,articles z a doctr9al norm4 ,self-evid5tly !y are n an integral "p ( ! ,book ( ,concord4 ,,xix4 ,controv]sy on ,*ri/'s ,desc5t into ,hell4 #bah4 ,lu!r's ,doctr9e4 ,:ile accord+ to m$ieval !ologians ! desc5t into hell 0 reg>d$ z an act by :i* ,*ri/1 ) ,8 s\l only1 ent]$ ! abode ( ! dead2 & :ile accord+ to ,calv9 & ! ,re=m$ g5]ally ! desc5t into hell is b a figurative expression = ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/1 p>ticul>ly ( ,8 s\l1 on ! cross1 ,lu!r1 especially 9 a s]mon deliv]$ #aecc at ,torgau1 taught 9 accordance ) ! ,scriptures t ,*ri/ ! ,god-man1 body & s\l1 desc5d$ into hell z ,victor ov] ,satan & 8 ho/4 ,) special ref]5ce to ,ps4 #af1 #aj & ,acts #b1 #bd4 #bg1 ,lu!r expla9$3 ,aft] ,8 burial ! :ole p]son ( ,*ri/1 ! ,god-man1 desc5d$ into hell1 conqu]$ ! devil1 & de/roy$ ! p[] ( hell & ,satan4 ,! mode & mann]1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ?is 0 done c no m be compreh5d$ by human reason ?an ,8 sitt+ at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 & mu/ !re=e n be inve/igat$1 b believ$ & accept$ 9 simple fai?4 ,x is suffici5t if we reta9 ! consolation t nei!r hell nor devil are any long] able to h>m u4 ,accord+ly1 ,lu!r did n reg>d ! desc5t into hell z an act belong+ to ! /ate ( humiliation1 by :i* ,he paid ! p5alty = our s9s1 b z an act ( exaltation1 9 :i* ,*ri/1 z x 71 pluck$ = u ! fruits ( ,8 suff]+s :i* 7 f9i%$ :5 ,he di$ ^u ! cross4 ,lu!r's s]mon at ,torgau graphically describes ! desc5t z a triumphant m>* ( our victori\s ,savior into ! /ronghold ( ! dismay$ inf]nal ho/s4 ,f x we quote ! foll[+3 ,be=e ,*ri/ arose & asc5d$ into heav51 & :ile yet ly+ 9 ! grave1 ,he also desc5d$ into hell 9 ord] to deliv] also u f x1 :o 7 to be held 9 x z prison]s4444 ,h[ev] ,i %all n discuss ?is article 9 a pr(\nd & subtle mann]1 z to h[ x 0 done or :at x means to 'desc5d into hell1' b adh]e to ! simple/ mean+ convey$ by ^! words1 z we mu/ repres5t x to *ildr5 & un$ucat$ p4 ,!re=e :oev] w\ld n g wrong or /umble _h be/ adh]e to ! words & und]/& !m 9 a simple way z well z he c4 ,accord+ly1 x is cu/om>y to repres5t ,*ri/ 9 pa9t+s on walls1 z ,he desc5ds1 appe>s be=e hell1 clad 9 a prie/ly robe & ) a bann] 9 ,8 h&1 ) :i* ,he beats ! devil & puts him to flight1 takes hell by /orm1 & rescues ^? t are ,84 ,?us x 0 also act$ ! night be=e ,ea/] z a play = *ildr54 ,& ,i am well pleas$ ) ! fact t x is pa9t$1 play$1 sung & said 9 ?is mann] = ! b5efit ( simple p4 ,we1 too1 %\ld let x g at t1 & n tr\ble ourselves ) pr(\nd & subtle ?\ghts z to h[ x may h happ5$1 s9ce x surely did n occur bodily inasmu* z ,he rema9$ 9 ! grave ?ree days4 ,lu!r cont9ues3 ,h[ev] s9ce we _c b conceive ?\ghts & images ( :at is pres5t$ to u 9 words1 & unable to ?9k ( or und]/& any?+ )\t su* images1 x is appropriate & "r t we view x lit]ally1 j z x is pa9t$1 t ,he desc5ds ) ! bann]1 %att]+ & de/roy+ ! gates ( hell2 & we %\ld put aside ?\ghts t are too deep & incompreh5sible = u4 ,b we ought 444 simply to fix & fa/5 our he>ts & ?\ghts on ! words ( ! ,cre$1 :i* says3 ',i believe 9 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god1 dead1 buri$1 & desc5d$ into hell1' t is1 9 ! entire p]son1 ,god & man1 ) body & s\l1 undivid$1 'born ( ! ,virg91 suff]$1 di$1 & buri$'2 9 l mann] ,i mu/ n divide x "h ei!r1 b believe & say t ! same ,*ri/1 ,god & man 9 "o p]son1 desc5d$ into hell b did n rema9 9 x2 z ,ps4 #af1 #aj says ( ,him3 ',?\ wilt n leave ,my s\l 9 hell nor suff] ,?9e ,holy ,"o to see corruption4' ,by ! ^w 's\l1' ,he1 9 accordance ) ! language ( ! ,scripture1 does n mean1 z we d1 a be+ sep>at$ f ! body1 b ! entire man1 ! ,holy ,"o ( ,god1 z ,he "h calls ,himself4 ,b h[ x may h occurr$ t ! man lies !re 9 ! grave1 & yet desc5ds into hell--t1 inde$1 we %all & mu/ leave unexpla9$ & uncompreh5d$2 = x c]ta9ly did n take place 9 a bodily & tangible mann] al?\gh we c only pa9t & conceive x 9 a co>se & bodily way & speak ( x 9 pictures4 ,su*1 !re=e is ! pla9e/ mann] to speak ( ?is article1 t we may adh]e to ! words & cl+ to ?is ma9 po9t1 t = u1 ?r\gh ,*ri/1 hell has be5 torn to pieces & ! devil's k+dom & p[] utt]ly de/roy$1 = :i* purpose ,he di$1 0 buri$1 & desc5d$1--s t x %\ld no long] h>m or ov]:elm u1 z ,he ,himself says1 ,matt4 #af1 #ah4444 7,,conc4 ,,trigl41 #ajej7 #bai4 ,aep9us 9 ,hamburg4 ,! two out/&+ features ( ,lu!r's s]mon are t ,*ri/ desc5d$ into hell body & s\l1 & t ,he desc5d$ z a triumphant ,victor1 & n 9 ord] to complete ,8 suff]+ & ! "w ( atonem5t4 ,! d5ial ( ^! two po9ts1 9 p>ticul>1 caus$ a new controv]sy1 :i* h[ev]1 0 ( brief duration only1 & practically conf9$ to ! city ( ,hamburg1 h5ce also call$ ! ,hamburg ,*ur* ,controv]sy1 d] ,hamburg] ,kir*5/reit4 ,its au?or 0 ,john ,aep9us ,huck or ,hoeck2 born #adii2 /udi$ "u ,lu!r2 p]secut$ 9 ,br&5burg & bani%$2 rector 9 ,/ralsund2 #aecb pa/or & lat] sup]9t5d5t 9 ,hamburg2 wrote #aedg aga9/ ! ,int]im2 sid$ ) ,flacius aga9/ ! ,philippi/s2 publi%$ books 9 ,lat9 & ,l[ ,g]man2 dealt ) ,*ri/'s desc5t to hell especially 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,psalm #af1 ( #aedd1 & 9 8 ,explanation ( ,psalm #fh1 ( #aeec2 di$ ,may #ac1 #aeec4 ,aep9us taught t ,*ri/'s desc5t is a "p ( ,8 suff]+ & atonem5t4 ,:ile ! body 0 ly+ 9 ! grave1 ,8 s\l desc5d$ into hell 9 ord] to suff] ! qualms & pangs requir$ to satisfy ! wra? ( ,god1 complete ! "w ( r$emption1 & r5d] a pl5>y satisfaction1 satisfactio pl5>ia4 ,! desc5t is ! la/ /age ( ,*ri/'s humiliation & suff]+1 ,8 triumph fir/ beg9n+ ) ! resurrection4 ,?\gh we "k ,8 suff]+s 9 hell to h be5 mo/ sad & bitt]1 yet we are unable to say & def9e :at !y 7 9 p>ticul>1 or to describe !m concretely1 because ,scripture is sil5t on ?is "q4 ,b :ile ,aep9us orig9ally held t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ suff]$ 9 hell ! puni%m5t ( et]nal dea?1 he lat] on di/+ui%$ betwe5 ! fir/ & ! second dea? 7et]nal damnation7 ass]t+ ! suff]+ ,*ri/ endur$ 9 hell to h be5 a "p ( ! puni%m5t ( ! fir/ dea?1 & t ,he did n suff] ! cruciatus ,,aet]ni t>t>ei ignis4--,su* 7 ! views advocat$1 develop$1 & v>i\sly modifi$ by ,aep9us 9 8 !ological lectures & publications4 ,f ! ,lat9 ,consummatum e/1 ,x is f9i%$1 ! tea*+ t ,*ri/ f9i%$ ,8 suff]+ & ! "w ( atonem5t by ,8 dea? on ! cross 0 /igmatiz$ by ,aep9us z error consummaticus1 & its advocates z ,consummati/s1 :ile ^!1 9 turn1 dubb$ ,aep9us & 8 adh]5ts ,inf]nali/s4 7,frank #c1ddj47 ,among ! /atem5ts ( ,aep9us are ! foll[+3 ,i believe t hell is a place prep>$ by div9e ju/ice to puni% ! devils & wick$ m5 accord+ to ! quality ( _! s9s4 7#dcg47 ,on acc\nt ( our r$emption ,*ri/ desc5d$ to hell1 j z ,he suff]$ & di$ = u4 7#dcg47 ,!ologians :o ei!r d5y t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ desc5d$ into hell1 or say t ,*ri/ 0 pres5t 9 hell only 9 effect & p[]1 & n by ,8 pres5ce1 deprive ! ,*ur* ( fai? 9 ! suffici5t1 complete1 & p]fect satisfaction & r$emption ( ,*ri/ & leave to ,satan ! "r ov] pi\s s\ls aft] _! sep>ation f ! body4 ,= by d5y+ t ,*ri/ su/a9$ & bore ^? puni%m5ts ( dea? & hell :i* ! s\ls 7 oblig$ to be> aft] _! sep>ation f ! body1 !y ass]t t complete satisfaction has n be5 made = !m4 7#dci47 ,i believe t ! desc5t ( ! s\l ( ,*ri/ to hell is a "p ( ! ,passion ( ,*ri/1 i4e41 ( ! /ruggles1 dang]s1 angui%1 pa9s1 & puni%m5ts :i* ,he took ^u ,himself & bore 9 our behalf2 =1 9 ! ,scriptures1 to desc5d to hell signifies to be involv$ 9 ! highe/ /ruggles1 pa91 & di/ress4 ,i believe t ! desc5t ( ,*ri/ to hell is a "p ( ,8 ob$i5ce =etold by ! prophets & impos$ on ,him because ( our s9s4 7#ddj47 ,i believe t ! desc5t ( ,*ri/ p]ta9s to ,8 humiliation1 n to ,8 glorification & triumph4 7#dda47 ,! desc5t to hell 0 by ,god's judgm5t laid ^u ,*ri/ z ! la/ degree ( ,8 humiliation & ex9anition & z ! extreme "p ( ,8 ob$i5ce & satisfaction4 7#dda47 ,pet] cle>ly tea*es1 ,acts #b1 t ! s\l ( ,*ri/ felt ! pangs ( hell & dea? :ile ,8 body 0 re/+ 9 ! sepul*]4 7#dda47 ,:at ,*ri/ exp]i5c$ :5 ,he desc5d$ into hell is kn[n to ,himself1 n to u2 may we ackn[l$ge & accept ) grateful m9ds t ,he desc5d$ into hell = u4 ,b let u n inquire :at x 0 t ,he exp]i5c$ = u 9 ,8 desc5t1 = we may pi\sly rema9 ignorant ( matt]s :i* ,god did n reveal to ,8 ,*ur*1 & :i* ,he does n dem& t %e "k4 7#ddd47 #bbj4 ,oppos$ by ,8 ,colleagues4 ,! views ( ,aep9us1 fir/ pres5t$ 9 lectures deliv]$ #aedd be=e ! m9i/]s ( ,hamburg1 call$ =? diss5t & opposition on ! "p ( 8 colleagues4 ,be=e long1 h[ev] 7#aedi71 ! controv]sy began to assume a virul5t "*4 ,:ile ! conduct ( ,aep9us 0 always m>k$ by dignity1 mod]ation1 & mildness1 8 oppon5ts ,tileman ,epp+1 ,john ,g>tz1 & ,casp> ,hackrott1 v5tilat$ & assail$ 8 tea*+ 9 _! pulpits4 ,! *ief argum5t aga9/ ,aep9us 0 t 8 doctr9e conflict$ )1 & invalidat$1 ! words ( ,*ri/1 ,x is f9i%$1 ,to-day %alt ?\ be ) ,me 9 ,p>adise4 ,aep9us rejo9$ t ! ^w to-day is an ambigu\s t]m1 d5ot+ bo? ! imm$iate pres5ce & ! indef9ite ne> future 7pro praes5ti et imm95te tempore indef9ito74 7#dad47 ,h[ev]1 x 0 n 9 e respect ,lu!r's position :i* 0 occupi$ by "s ( ! oppon5ts ( ,aep9us4 ,gratz is report$ to h taught t ! article conc]n+ ! desc5t ( ,*ri/ 0 n necess>y to salvation t desc5d]e 7desc5d7 0 id5tical ) sepeliri 7to be buri$71 t ! desc5t to hell ref]r$ to ! angui% & temptation ( ,*ri/ dur+ ,8 life2 t ,*ri/ imm$iately aft] ,8 dea? ent]$ p>adise toge!r ) ! malefactor1 t ! "w ( atonem5t & satisfaction 0 complet$ ) ,8 dea?4 7#ddf47 ,9 #aeej ! city c\ncil ( ,hamburg ask$ ,melan*?on = 8 op9ion4 ,b ,melan*?on's answ] ( ,septemb]1 #aeej1 sign$ also by ,bug5hag51 0 r indef9ite1 vague1 & evasive4 ,he said1 9 sub/ance3 ,al?\gh we h frequ5tly he>d ! ,rev]5d ,doctor ,lu!r speak on ?is matt] & read 8 writ+s1 yet1 s9ce a controv]sy has n[ be5 rais$1 we h writt5 also to o!rs = _! views1 9 ord] to pres5t a unanim\s op9ion1 & ?us avoid diss5sions lat] on4 ,9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis & 9 8 ,torgau s]mon1 ,lu!r ref]r$ ,desc5t only to ! victory ( ! ,son ( ,god1 indicat+ t ! re/ mu/ n be se>*$ out4 ,! ,son ( ,god did inde$ ov]come ! torm5ts ( hell2 b ! ,psalms %[ t ! pa9s ( hell are n to be re/rict$ only to ! "t aft] ! sep>ation ( ! s\l 7dolores inf]orum non re/r+5dos esse tantum ad tempus po/ animae sep>ationem74 ,lu!r1 said ,melan*?on1 express$ x z 8 op9ion t ?is article conc]n+ ! ,desc5t mu/ be reta9$ ev5 :5 ref]r$ only to ! victory ( ,*ri/1 confess+ t ! tyranny ( ! devil & hell is de/roy$ i4e41 t all :o believe 9 ,*ri/ are lib]at$ f ! p[] ( ! devil & hell1 accord+ to ! ^w3 ',no "o %all pluck ,my %eep out ( ,my h&s4' ,& 9 a c]ta9 way ! ,son ( ,god manife/$ ?is victory to ! devils1 &1 no d\bt1 ! devils felt t _! p[] 0 brok5 by ?is ,victor1 & t ! head ( ! s]p5t 0 truly bruis$ by ! ,se$ ( ! ,woman1 by ,*ri/1 ,god & man4 ,& among ! signs ( ,8 victory 0 ! resurrection ( _m dead4 ,) respect to ! controv]t$ po9t1 conc]n+ ! suff]+s ( ! s\l ( ,*ri/ aft] its sep>ation f ! body1 ,melan*?on advis$ t ! c\ncil ( ,hamburg enjo9 bo? p>ties to await ! op9ions ( o!rs also1 & 9 ! mean "t to avoid m5tion+ ?is "q 9 s]mons1 s*ools1 or o!r public meet+s4 ,n ! article conc]n+ ! ,desc5t itself1 b only ! inve/igation ( ?is p>ticul> po9t1 conc]n+ ! suff]+ ( ,8 dep>t$ s\l 9 hell1 is to be omitt$1 an inquiry :i* also ,dr4 ,lu!r did n consid] necess>y4 7,c4 ,r4 #g1 #ffg47 ,be=e ?is ,melan*?on _h writt5 9 a simil> ve9 ( compromise to ,aep9us & 8 colleague1 ,john ,g>tz4 ,i wi%1 said he 9 a lett] ( ,april #d1 #aeej1 t !re w\ld be an amne/y betwe5 y 9 ?is entire /rife ab\t ! desc5t ( ,*ri/4 ,let u cultivate peace ) "o ano!r1 & cov] up c]ta9 w\nds ( ours1 le/ sadd] disputations orig9ate4 7#g1 #efi2 comp>e #f1 #aaf47 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ! ,hamburg ,c\ncil1 act+ on ! advice ( ,melan*?on1 depos$ & expell$ ! lead]s ( ! opposition to ,aep9us1 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 n int5d$ z a decision 9 favor ( ! doctr9e ( ,aep9us1 b m]ely z a measure to re/ore peace & sil5ce 9 ! city4 #bba4 ,o!r ,p>ticipants 9 ,?is ,controv]sy4 ,?\gh ! controv]sy 0 suppress$ 9 ,hamburg1 & ,aep9us di$ ,may #ac1 #aeec1 ! !ological que/ions involv$ 7 n settl$1 nor _h all ( ! advocates ( ! views set =? by ,aep9us disappe>$ f ! sc5e4 ,ev5 su* !ologians z ,we/phal1 ,flacius1 ,gallus1 & ,osi&] 7 p>tly agre$ ) him4 ,osi&] says 9 an op9ion3 ,i am ask$ :e!r ! desc5t ( ,*ri/ p]ta9s to ! satisfaction made = u or only to ,8 triumph ov] ! enemies4 ,i answ] briefly t ! desc5t ( ,*ri/ into hell p]ta9$ to ! satisfaction ,he m]it$ = u z well z to ! triumph ov] ! enemies1 j z ,8 dea? on ! cross does n belong to ! "o only1 b to bo?4444 ,?us by desc5d+ into hell ,he r5d]$ satisfaction = u :o m]it$ hell1 accord+ to ,ps4 #af4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a synod held ,july #aa1 #aeed1 at ,greifswald made x a po9t expressly to d5y t ! desc5t ( ,*ri/ involv$ any suff]+ ( ,8 s\l1 or t x 0 ( an expiatory nature1 or t ?is article ref]r$ to ! angui% ( ,8 s\l be=e ,8 dea?1 or t x 0 id5tical ) ,8 burial4 ,!y affirm$ ! tea*+ ( ,lu!r1 viz41 t ! entire ,*ri/1 ,god & man1 body & s\l1 desc5d$ into hell aft] ,8 burial & be=e ,8 resurrection1 etc4 7,frank1 #ddf;f42 #daf47 ,fur!rmore1 9 a lett] to ,john ,p>simonius1 c\rt-prea*] 9 ,/uttg>t1 dat$ ,febru>y #a1 #aefe ,john ,matsp]g] ( ,augsburg taught t1 9 ! article ( ! desc5t ( ,*ri/1 ! ^w hell mu/ n be tak5 figuratively = torm5ts1 dea?1 burial1 etc41 b lit]ally1 z ! k+dom ( ,satan & ! place ( ! damn$ spirits & s\ls :]ev] t might be1 t ! entire ,*ri/ desc5d$ into ?is place accord+ to bo? div9ity & humanity1 ) ,8 body & s\l1 & n only ) ! latt]1 :ile ! =m] rema9$ 9 ! grave2 t ?is occurr$ imm$iately aft] ,8 vivification or ! reunion ( body & s\l 9 ! grave & be=e ,8 resurrection2 t ! ,desc5t 0 accompli%$ 9 an in/ant1 viz41 9 ! mom5t aft] ,8 vivification & be=e ,8 resurrection2 & t ,*ri/ desc5d$1 n to suff]1 b1 z a triumphant ,victor1 to de/roy ! portals ( hell = all believ]s4 ,p>simonius1 too1 ma9ta9$ t ,*ri/ did n 9 any way suff] aft] ,8 dea?1 b d5i$ emphatically t hell 0 a def9ite physical locality or place 9 space1 & t ! desc5t involv$ a local motion ( ! body4 ,br5z ass5t$ to ! views ( ,p>simonius1 & ! prea*]s ( ,augsburg also ass5t$ to !m4 ,9 ord] to *eck 8 zeal aga9/ 8 oppon5ts1 ,matsp]g] 0 depos$ & imprison$4 7,frank1 #dej f47 ,su* be+ ! situation )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* conc]n+ ! que/ions involv$ 9 ! ,hamburg ,controv]sy1 :i* by ! way1 _h be5 m5tion$ also 9 ! ,imp]ial ,in/ruction = ! ,diet at ,augsburg1 #aeee1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord consid]$ x advisable to pass also on ?is matt]4 ,x did s1 9 ,article ,,ix1 by simply reproduc+ :at ,lu!r _h taught 9 ! s]mon ref]r$ to above4 ,"h we read3 ,we simply believe t ! entire p]son1 ,god & man aft] ! burial1 desc5d$ into hell1 conqu]$ ! devil1 de/roy$ ! p[] ( hell & took f ! devil all 8 might4 7#ajea1 #c47 ,b h[ ?is occurr$ we %\ld n curi\sly inve/igate1 b res]ve until ! o!r _w1 :]e n only ?is po9t ?is my/]y1 b also /ill o!rs w be reveal$1 :i* we "h simply believe1 & _c compreh5d ) our bl9d reason4 7#hbg1 #d47 ,ts*ack]t rem>ks3 ,ev] s9ce ! adoption ( ! ,n9? ,article ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord ,lu!ran !ology has reg>d$ ! ,desc5t ( ,*ri/ z ! beg9n+ ( ! /ate ( exaltation ( ! human nature ( ! ,god-man4 7#eei47 ,,xx4 ,! ,elev5? ,article ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord3 ,on ,pr$e/9ation4 #bbb4 ,:y ,article ,,xi 0 ,embodi$ 9 ! ,=mula4 ,! reason :y ,article ,,xi 0 embodi$ 9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord is /at$ 9 ! op5+ p>agraph ( ?is article3 ,al?\gh among ! !ologians ( ! ,augsburg ,confession !re has n occurr$ z yet any public diss5sion :atev] conc]n+ ! et]nal election ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god t has caus$ (f5se1 & has become wide-spread1 yet s9ce ?is article has be5 br\ght into v pa9ful controv]sy 9 o!r places1 & ev5 among our !ologians !re has be5 "s agitation conc]n+ x2 moreov]1 s9ce ! same expressions 7 n always employ$ conc]n+ x by ! !ologians3 !re=e 9 ord]1 by ! aid ( div9e grace1 to prev5t disagreem5t & sep>ation on its acc\nt 9 ! future among our successors1 we1 z mu* z 9 u lies1 h desir$ also to pres5t an explanation ( ! same "h1 s t e "o may "k :at is our unanim\s doctr9e1 fai?1 & confession also conc]n+ ?is article4 7#ajfc1 #a47 ,! /atem5ts conta9$ 9 ^! introductory rem>ks are 9 agreem5t ) ! hi/orical facts4 ,=1 :ile s]i\s diss5sions p]ta9+ to election did occur 9 ,re=m$ c\ntries1 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 ev] s9ce ! great conflict ) ,erasmus on free w1 9 #aebe _h n be5 di/urb$ by any g5]al1 public1 & (f5sive controv]sy on ?is "q1 nei!r ad intra among !mselves1 nor ad extra ) ! ,calv9i/s4 ,h5ce ! *ief purpose = embody+ ,article ,,xi 9 ! ,=mula 0 n to settle pa/ or pres5t disputes1 b r1 z /at$ 9 ! p>agraph quot$1 to be ( s]vice 9 avoid+ future diff]5ces & conflicts4 ,?is e>ne/ conc]n = ! future peace ( our ,*ur*1 z well z = ! ma9t5ance ( its doctr9al purity1 0 p>tly due to appreh5sions1 :i*1 inde$1 7 n )\t f\ndation4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 long be=e ! ,=mula 0 draft$1 ! !ological atmosph]e 0 sur*>g$ ) polemical possibilities & probabilities reg>d+ pr$e/9ation1--a doctr9e :i* is simple en\gh z long z fai? adh]es to ! pla9 ,^w ( ,god1 )\t mak+ rationali/ic & sophi/ical inf]5ces1 b :i* 9 public controv]sies has always prov$ to be a mo/ intricate1 crucial1 & dang]\s "q4 ,calv9 & 8 adh]5ts boldly reject$ ! univ]sality ( ,god's grace1 ( ,*ri/'s r$emption1 & ( ! ,_s's efficaci\s op]ation ?r\gh ! means ( grace1 & taught t1 9 ! la/ analysis1 also ! et]nal doom ( ! damn$ 0 solely due to an absolute decree ( div9e reprobation 79 _! e/imation ! logical complem5t ( election71 & ?is at ! v "t :5 !y pret5d$ adh]5ce to ! ,augsburg ,confession & 7 mak+ heavy inroads into ,lu!ran t]ritory ) _! doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] & ! p]son ( ,*ri/1--:i* 9 itself 0 suffici5t reason = a public discussion & det]m9$ res5tm5t ( _! absolute pr$e/9>ianism4 ,! ,syn]gi/s1 on ! o!r h&1 _h long ago be5 busy expla9+ t ! only way to escape ! ,/oic dogma ( ,calv9ism1 & to acc\nt = ! diff]5ce :y "s are accept$ & elect$1 :ile ! re/ are reject$1 0 to assume a diff]5t conduct 9 man--aliqua actio dissimilis 9 hom9e4 ,& z = _! ,lu!ran oppon5ts1 x _c be d5i$ t "s ( _! /atem5ts 7 n always suffici5tly gu>d$ to preclude all misappreh5sions & false inf]5ces4 ,?us controv]sial mat]ial _h be5 ev]y:]e heap$ up 9 consid]able quantities4 ,consid]+ ^! factors1 :i* = decades _h be5 mak+ = a !ological /orm1 "o may feel r surpris$ t a controv]sy on pr$e/9ation _h n aris5 long ago4 ,ts*ack]t says3 ,!y ! ,lu!ran !ologians evid5tly fe>$ an endless debate if ! intricate "q conc]n+ pr$e/9ation 7 made a subject ( discussion4 7#eei47 ,soon] or lat]1 h[ev]1 ! conflict 0 b\nd to come ) dire results = ! ,*ur*1 unless provisions 7 made to escape x1 or to meet x 9 ! prop] way4 ,well aw>e ( ?is entire critical situation & ! imm95t dang]s lurk+ !re91 ! fram]s ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord wisely resolv$ to embody 9 x also an article on election 9 ord] to cle> ! !ological atmosph]e1 ma9ta9 ! div9e tru?1 w>d (f a future controv]sy1 & insure ! peace ( our ,*ur*4 #bbc4 ,ungu>d$ ,/atem5ts ( ,anti-,syn]gi/s4 ,t ! occasional dissimil> & inadequate ref]5ces to et]nal election & relat$ subjects made by "s oppon5ts ( ! ,syn]gi/s 7 a matt] ( grave conc]n to ! au?ors ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord appe>s f ! passage quot$ f ,article ,,xi1 enum]at+1 among ! reasons :y ! article on pr$e/9ation 0 embodi$ 9 ! ,=mula1 also ! fact t ! same expressions 7 n always employ$ conc]n+ x et]nal election by ! !ologians4 ,^! !ologians _h /aun*ly def5d$ ! sola gratia doctr9e1 b n always )\t "s /umbl+ 9 _! language4 ,9 _! expositions !y _h occasionally employ$ phrases :i*1 especially :5 torn f _! context1 admitt$ a syn]gi/ic or ,calv9i/ic int]pretation4 ,! fram]s ( ! ,=mula probably _h 9 m9d su* inadequate & ungu>d$ /atem5ts ( ,buc]1 ,amsdorf1 & o!rs z ! foll[+4 ,buc] _h writt53 ,! ,scriptures d n hesitate to say t ,god deliv]s "s m5 into a reprobate m9d & drives !m to p]dition4 ,:y1 !n1 is x improp] to say t ,god has a=e-det]m9$ to deliv] ^! into a reprobate m9d & to drive !m to p]dition8 ,scriptura non v]etur dic]e1 ,deum trad]e quosdam hom9es 9 s5sum reprobum et ag]e 9 p]niciem4 ,quid igitur indignum ,deo1 dic]e1 etiam /atuisse antea1 ut illos 9 s5sum reprobum trad]et et ag]et 9 p]niciem8 7,frank #d1 #bfd47 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord1 h[ev]1 is c>eful to expla93 ,moreov]1 x is to be dilig5tly consid]$ t :5 ,god puni%es s9 ) s9s1 t is1 :5 ,he aft]w>ds puni%es ) obduracy & bl9dness ^? :o _h be5 conv]t$1 because ( _! subsequ5t security1 imp5it5ce1 & wilful s9s ?is %\ld n be int]pret$ to mean t x nev] _h be5 ,god's good pleasure t su* p]sons %\ld come to ! k ( ! tru? & be sav$4 7#ajja1 #hc47 ,br5z _h said3 ,to ! "o ( ! entire mass ( ! human race ,god gives fai? 9 ,*ri/1 :]eby he is ju/ifi$ & sav$1 :ile ,he leaves ! o!r 9 8 incr$ulity t he may p]i%4 ,deus ex univ]sa g5]is humani massa alt]i quidem donat fidem 9 ,*ri/um1 qua iu/ificetur et salvetur1 alt]um autem rel9quit 9 sua incr$ulitate1 ut p]eat4 7,frank #d1 #bef47 ,aga93 ,x 0 ,god's w to elect ,jacob & to leave ,esau 9 8 s94 ,:at is said ( ^! two mu/ be und]/ood ( ! election & rejection ( all m5 9 g5]al4 ,potuisset ,deus optimo iure ambos abiic]e2444 s$ sic proposu]at ,deus1 sic visum e/ ,deo1 sic erat voluntas ,dei1 sic erat b5e placitum ,dei1 ut ,iacobum elig]et1 ,esau autem 9 peccato suo rel9qu]et2 quod de 8 duobus dictum e/1 hoc intellig5dum erit g5]alit] de omnium hom9um electione et abiectione4 7#bef47 ,hes%usius3 ,9 ?is respect ,god does n w t all be sav$1 = ,he has n elect$ all4 ,hoc respectu ,deus non vult1 ut omnes salv5tur2 non enim omnes elegit4 7,s*luesselburg #e1 #cbj4 #edh47 ,su* /atem5ts1 :5 torn f _! context1 gave color to ! inf]5ce t ,god's grace 0 n univ]sal4 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord1 !re=e1 c>efully urges t ,god e>ne/ly endeavors to save all m51 also ^? :o are f9ally lo/1 & t man alone is ! cause ( 8 damnation4 ,9 8 ,s5t5tia de ,decl>atione ,victor9i ( #aefb ,ni*olas ,amsdorf said3 ,god has b "o mode ( work+ 9 all creatures4444 ,!re=e ,god works 9 ! same way 9 man :o has a w & intellect z 9 all o!r creatures1 rocks & blocks includ$1 viz41 ?r\gh ,8 will+ & say+ alone4444 ,z rocks & blocks are 9 ! p[] ( ,god1 s & 9 ! same mann] man's w & intellect are 9 ! w ( ,god1 s t man c w & *oose absolutely no?+ else ?an :at ,god wills & says1 be x f grace or f wra?4 ,non e/ nisi unus modus ag5di ,dei cum omnibus creaturis4444 ,qu>e eodem modo cum hom9e vol5te et intellig5te agit ,deus1 quemadmodum cum omnibus creaturis reliquis1 lapide et trunco1 p] solum suum velle et dic]e4444 ,sicut lapides et trunci sunt 9 pote/ate ,dei1 ita et eodem modo voluntas et intellectus hom9is sunt 9 voluntate ,dei1 ut homo nihil prorsus velle et elig]e possit nisi id1 quod vult et dicit ,deus1 sive ex gratia1 sive ex ira1 d]el9qu5s eum 9 manu consilii eius4 7,s*lb4 #e1 #edg2 ,giesel] #c1 #b1 #bcj2 ,frank #d1 #bei47 ,?is1 too1 0 n embodi$ 9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 :i* tea*es t1 al?\gh man be=e 8 conv]sion has no mode ( work+ any?+ good 9 spiritual ?+s1 ,god nev]!less has a diff]5t way ( work+ 9 rational creatures ?an 9 irrational & t man is n co]c$1 nei!r 9 8 s9n+ nor 9 8 conv]sion4 7#ije1 #fj;ff47 #bbd4 ,syn]gi/ic ,pr$e/9ation4 ,! connection betwe5 ! doctr9es ( conv]sion & election is mo/ intimate4 ,a correct pres5tation ( ! =m] naturally leads to a correct pres5tation ( ! latt]1 & vice v]sa4 ,h5ce ,melan*?on1 ! fa!r ( syn]gism 9 conv]sion1 0 also ! au?or ( a syn]gi/ic pr$e/9ation4 ,9 8 fir/ p]iod he speaks ( pr$e/9ation z ,lu!r did1 b1 z ,frank puts x1 ) less ( my/icism con=mably to reason1 foll[+ ! same l9e ( ?\ght z ,zw+li 7mit w5ig] ,my/ik1 auf v]/&esmaessige1 ,zw+lis ,ausfuehrung5 aehnli*e ,weise4 transcrib]3 sic on punctuation 7#a1 #abe2 ,c4 ,r4 #ba1 #hh4 #ic47 ,9 reality he probably _h nev] fully grasp$ ! truly religi\s & evangelical view ( ,lu!r1 :i*1 inde$1 w\ld acc\nt = 8 lat] syn]gi/ic deviations z well z = ! *>ges ( ,/oicism he pref]r$ aga9/ ,lu!r4 ,aft] ab&on+ 8 =m] doctr9e1 he1 z a rule1 0 noncommittal z to 8 exact views on election4 ,b :5ev] he v5tur$ an op9ion1 x savor$ ( syn]gism4 ,septemb] #cj1 #aeca1 he wrote to ,br5z3 ,b 9 ! entire ,apology ,i h avoid$ t long & inexplicable disputation conc]n+ pr$e/9ation4 ,ev]y:]e ,i speak z ?\gh pr$e/9ation foll[s our fai? & works4 ,& ?is ,i d int5tionally1 = ,i d n wi% to p]turb consci5ces ) ^! inexplicable labyr9?s4 ,s$ ego 9 tota ,apologia fugi illam longam et inexplicabilem disputationem de pra$e/9atione4 ,ubique sic loquor1 quasi pra$e/9atio sequatur no/ram fidem et op]a4 ,ac facio hoc c]to consilio2 non enim volo consci5tias p]turb>e illis inexplicabilibus labyr9?is4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #edg47 ,9 ! ?ird1 revis$ edition ( 8 ,explanation ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 #aecb1 he sugge/s t div9e compassion is truly ! cause ( election1 b t !re is "s cause also 9 him :o accepts1 namely1 9 z f> z he does n repudiate ! grace (f]$4 ,v]ecundius e/1 quod aliquamdiu placuit ,augu/9o1 mis]icordiam ,dei v]e causam electionis esse1 s$ tam5 eat5us aliquam causam 9 accipi5te esse1 quat5us promissionem oblatam non repudiat1 quia malum ex nobis e/4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #aib2 ,seeb]g #d1 #b1 #ddb47 ,9 an addition to 8 ,loci 9 #aecc1 ,melan*?on aga9 speaks ( a cause ( ju/ification & election resid+ 9 man1 9 ord] to h>monize ! /atem5ts t ! promise ( ! ,gospel is bo? gratis & univ]sal4 7,c4 ,r4 #ba1 #ccb47 ,9 ! ,loci edition ( #aedc we read3 ,god elect$ because ,he _h decre$ to call u to ! k ( ,8 ,son1 & desires ,8 w & b5efits to be kn[n to ! human race4 ,he !re=e approves & elect$ ^? :o obey ! call4 ,elegit ,deus1 quia voc>e nos ad ,filii agnitionem decrevit et vult g5]i humano suam voluntatem et sua b5eficia innotesc]e4 ,approbat igitur ac elegit obtemp]antes vocationi4 7#ba1 #iag47 ,! bold syn]gi/ic views conc]n+ conv]sion lat] on develop$ by ,melan*?on pla9ly involve ! doctr9e t !re mu/ be 9 man a cause ( discrim9ation :y "s are elect$ :ile o!rs are reject$4 ,9 8 ,loci ( #aedh he _h writt53 ,s9ce ! promise is univ]sal1 & s9ce !re are no contradictory wills 9 ,god1 "s cause ( discrim9ation mu/ be 9 u :y ,saul is reject$ & ,david accept$ 7cur ,saul abiiciatur ,david recipiatur71 t is1 !re mu/ be "s dissimil> action 9 ^! two4 7#ba1 #fei47 ,self-evid5tly ,melan*?on w\ld n h hesitat$ to replace ! phrase :y ,saul 0 reject$ & ,david accept$1 ) :y ,saul 0 reject$ & ,david elect$4 ,melan*?on held t ! sole alt]native ( & h5ce ! only escape f1 ! doctr9e ( absolute necessity 7,/oica anagke7 & f ! absolute decree1 :i* makes ,god responsible also = s9 & et]nal damnation1 0 ! syn]gi/ic assumption ( man's ability to apply himself to grace--facultas applic&i se ad gratiam4 ,accord+ly1 z he dubb$ ^? :o oppos$ 8 ,calv9iz+ views on ! ,"l's ,supp] z bread-wor%ip]s1 s he /igmatiz$ z ,/oics all ,lu!rans :o oppos$ 8 syn]gi/ic t5d5cies4 7,c4 ,r4 #h1 #ghb4 #ghc4 #iaf2 #i1 #ajj4 #efe4 #gcc2 #bc1 #cib47 ,seeb]g summ>izes ,melan*?on's doctr9e z foll[s3 ,grace alone saves1 b x saves by imp>t+ to man ! fre$om to decide = himself4 ,?is syn]gi/ic elem5t reappe>s 9 8 doctr9e ( election4 7#d1 #b1 #ddf47 ,god elects all m5 :o desire to believe4 7,grundriss1 #add47 ,naturally ! ,syn]gi/s ( ,witt5b]g & o!r places foll[$ ,ma/] ,philip also 9 ! doctr9e ( election4 ,9 #aeee1 ,john ,pfeff+] decl>$ 9 8 ,quae/iones ,qu9que 7ext5sively quot$ f 9 ! *apt] on ! ,syn]gi/ic ,controv]sy71 !sis #ag3 ,if ! w 7 idle or purely passive 9 conv]sion1 !re w\ld be no di/9ction betwe5 ! pi\s & ! impi\s1 or ! elect & ! damn$1 z betwe5 ,saul & ,david1 betwe5 ,judas & ,pet]4 ,god w\ld become a respect] ( p]sons & ! au?or ( contumacy 9 ! wick$ & damn$4 ,moreov]1 contradictory wills w\ld be ascrib$ to ,god :i* conflicts ) ! entire ,scripture4 ,h5ce x foll[s t !re is 9 u "s cause :y "s ass5t :ile o!rs d n ass5t4 ,!sis #bc3 ,= we are elect$ & receiv$ because we believe 9 ! ,son4 7,ideo enim electi sumus et recepti1 quia cr$imus 9 ,filium47 ,b our appreh5sion mu/ concur4 ,= s9ce ! promise ( grace is univ]sal1 & we mu/ obey ! promise1 x foll[s t betwe5 ! elect & ! reject$ "s diff]5ce mu/ be inf]r$ f our w1 viz41 t ^? are reject$ :o resi/ ! promise :ile contr>iwise ^? are accept$ :o embrace ! promise4 ,! ,syn]gi/s argu$3 ,if 9 e respect grace alone is ! cause ( our salvation1 conv]sion1 & election1 grace _c be univ]sal4 ,or1 s9ce man's contempt ( ,god's ,^w is ! cause ( 8 reprobation1 man's acceptance ( ,god's grace mu/ be reg>d$ z a cause ( 8 election4 ,joa*im ,erne/ ( ,anhalt1 = in/ance1 9 a lett] to ,l&grave ,william ( ,hesse1 dat$ ,april #bj1 #aegg1 criticiz$ ! ,=mula ( ,concord = n all[+ & admitt+ ?is argum5t4 7,frank #d1 #ace4 #bfg47 #bbe4 ,calv9i/ic ,pr$e/9ation4 ,:ile ! ,syn]gi/s1 9 answ]+ ! "q :y only "s are sav$1 d5i$ ! sola gratia & taught a conv]sion & pr$e/9ation condition$ by ! conduct ( man1 ,john ,calv9 & 8 adh]5ts1 on ! o!r h&1 made rapid progress 9 ! opposite direction1 develop+ ) increas+ cle>ness & boldness an absolute1 bifurcat$ pr$e/9ation1 i4e41 a caprici\s election to et]nal damnation z well z to salvation1 & 9 accordance !re) d5i$ ! univ]sality ( ,god's grace1 ( ,*ri/'s r$emption1 & ( ! efficaci\s op]ation ( ! ,holy ,_s ?r\gh ! means ( grace4 ,9 8 ,in/itutio ,religionis ,*ri/ianae1 ,in/ruction 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,religion1 ( :i* ! fir/ edition appe>$ #aece1 ! second 9 #aeci1 & ! ?ird 9 #aeei1 ,calv9 taught t ,god creat$ & =eorda9$ "s to et]nal life1 o!rs to et]nal damnation4 ,man's election means t he has be5 creat$ = et]nal life1 man's reprobation1 t he has be5 creat$ = et]nal damnation4 ,we read 7,lib4 #c1 cap4 #ba1 #e73 ,pra$e/9ationem vocamus aet]num ,dei decretum1 quo apud se con/itutum habuit1 quid de unoquoque hom9e fi]i vellet4 ,non enim p>i conditione creantur omnes2 s$ aliis vita aet]na1 aliis damnatio aet]na praeord9atur4 ,itaque pr\t 9 alt]utrum f9em quisque conditus e/1 ita vel ad vitam1 vel ad mortem pra$e/9atum dicimus4 7,?oluck1 ,calv9i ,in/itutio #b1 #acc47 ,9 ! edition ( #aeei ,calv9 says t et]nal election illu/rates ! grace ( ,god by %[+ t ,he does n adopt all promiscu\sly unto ! hope ( salvation1 b be/[s on "s :at ,he d5ies to o!rs--quod non omnes promiscue adoptat 9 spem salutis1 s$ dat aliis1 quod aliis negat4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #agb47 ,aga93 ,i c]ta9ly admit t all ! sons ( ,adam h fall5 by ! w ( ,god into ! mis]able condition ( bondage1 9 :i* !y are n[ fett]$2 =1 z ,i said 9 ! beg9n+1 "o mu/ always f9ally g back to ! decision ( ! div9e w alone1 ^: cause is hidd5 9 itself4 ,fateor sane1 9 hanc qua nunc illigati sunt conditionis mis]iam ,dei voluntate cecidisse univ]sos filios ,adam2 atque id e/1 quod pr9cipio dicebam1 r$eundum t&em semp] esse ad solum div9ae voluntatis arbitrium1 cuius causa sit 9 ipso abscondita4 7#agc47 ,calv9's successor 9 ,g5eva1 ,!odore ,beza1 0 also a /rict supralaps>ian4 ,at ! colloquy ( ,moempelg>d 7,montbeli>d71 #aehf1 9 disput+ ) ,&reae1 he def5d$ ! proposition t ,adam _h inde$ ( 8 own accord fall5 into ^! calamities1 yet1 nev]!less1 n only accord+ to ! presci5ce1 b also accord+ to ! ord9ation & decree ( ,god--sponte quidem1 s$ tam5 non modo praesci5te1 s$ etiam iu/e ord9ante et dec]n5te ,deo4 7#ahf47 ,!re nev] has be51 nor is1 nor w be a "t1 said he1 :5 ,god has wi%$1 wi%es1 or w wi%1 to h compassion on e individual p]son4 ,nullum tempus fuit vel e/ vel erit1 quo volu]it1 velit aut voliturus sit ,deus s+ulorum mis]]i4 7,piep]1 ,dogm4 #b1 #be4 #ej47 ,9 foi/+ 8 doctr9e ( election on ! ,re=m$ *ur*es1 ,calv9 met ) at lea/ "s opposition4 ,! words 9 ! p>agraph ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord quot$ above3 ,yet1 s9ce ?is article ( pr$e/9ation has be5 br\ght into v pa9ful controv]sy 9 o!r places1 probably ref] to ! conflicts 9 ,g5eva & ,switz]l&4 ,octob] #af1 #aeea1 ,j]ome ,bolsec a ,c>melite 9 ,p>is1 secretly spread ,pelagianism 9 ,g5eva2 sid$ ) ! ,prote/ants 9 ,p>is & ,orleans aft] 8 bani%m5t f ,g5eva2 reembrac$ ,romanism :5 p]secution set 92 wrote aga9/ ,calv9 & ,beza1 di$ #aehd 0 imprison$ 9 ,g5eva because ( 8 opposition to ,calv9's doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation4 ,melan*?on rem>ks 9 a lett] ( ,febru>y #a1 #aeeb3 ,laelius ,soc9us wrote me t 9 ,g5eva ! /ruggle conc]n+ ! ,/oic necessity is s great t a c]ta9 "o :o diss5t$ f ,z5o ,calv9 0 inc>c]at$4 ,:at a mis]able affair6 ,! doctr9e ( salvation is obscur$ by disputations =eign to x4 7,c4 ,r4 #g1 #icb47 ,al?\gh ! ,g]man cantons 7,zuri*1 ,b]n1 ,basel7 advis$ mod]ation1 ,bolsec 0 bani%$ f ,g5eva1 ) ! result h[ev]1 t he cont9u$ 8 agitation aga9/ ,calv9 9 o!r p>ts ( ,switz]l&4 ,9 ,b]n all discussions on pr$e/9ation 7 prohibit$ by ! city c\ncil4 ,calv9 compla9$ 9 a lett] ( ,septemb] #ah1 #aeed3 ,! prea*]s ( ,b]n publicly decl>e t ,i am a h]etic worse ?an all ! ,papi/s4 7,giesel] #c1 #b1 #agh47 ,janu>y #bf1 #aeee1 ! c\ncil ( ,b]n r5ew$ its decree aga9/ public doctr9al discussions1 notably ^? on pr$e/9ation--pr9cipalem5t t\*ant la mati]e de la div9e pr$e/9ation1 qui n\s semble non etre necessaire1 etc4 7#agi47 ,lat] on ! doctr9e ( ,calv9 0 oppos$ by ! ,arm9ians f ,semi-,pelagian pr9ciples4 #bbf4 ,calv9i/ic ,confessions4 ,! ess5tial features ( ,calv9's doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation 7 embodi$ 9 mo/ ( ! ,re=m$ confessions4 ,! ,cons5sus ,g5ev5sis ( ,janu>y #a1 #aeeb1 writt5 by ,calv9 aga9/ ,alb]t ,pighius a fanatical def5d] ( ,pop]y aga9/ ,lu!r1 ,buc]1 ,calv92 di$ ,decemb] #bf1 #aedb & adopt$ by ! pa/ors ( ,g5eva1 is entitl$3 ,conc]n+ ,god's ,et]nal ,pr$e/9ation1 by :i* ,he has elect$ "s to salvation & left !o!rs to _! p]dition--qua 9 salutem alios ex hom9ibus elegit1 alios suo exitio reliquit4 7,niemey]1 ,collectio ,confessionum1 #bah4 #bba47 ,! ,confessio ,belgica1 ( #aeei1 & ! ,confessio ,gallicana1 ( #aefa1 tea* ! same absolute pr$e/9>ianism4 ,9 ,article ,,xvi ( ! ,belgic ,confession we read3 ,9 pr$e/9ation ,god prov$ ,himself to be :at ,he is 9 reality1 viz41 m]ciful & j4 ,m]ciful by lib]at+ & sav+ f damnation & p]dition ^? :om 444 ,he elect$2 j1 by leav+ ! o!rs 9 _! fall & 9 ! p]dition into :i* !y precipitat$ !mselves4 ,iu/um v]o1 alios 9 illo suo lapsu et p]ditione rel9qu5do1 9 quam sese ipsi praecipites d$]unt4 7,niemey]1 #cgj47 ,! ,gallic ,confession prep>$ by ,calv9 & 8 pupil1 ,de ,*&ieu2 approv$ by a synod at ,p>is #aeei2 deliv]$ by ,beza to ,*>les ,,ix1 #aefa1 translat$ into ,g]man #aefb1 & into ,lat91 #aeff2 adopt$ #aega by ! ,synod ( ,la ,ro*elle ma9ta9s t ,god elect$ "s b left ! o!rs 9 _! corruption & damnation4 ,9 ,article ,,xii we read3 ,we believe t f ?is corruption & g5]al damnation 9 :i* all m5 are plung$1 ,god1 accord+ to ,8 et]nal & immutable c\nsel1 calls ^? :om ,he has *os5 by ,8 goodness & m]cy alone 9 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 )\t consid]ation ( _! works1 to display 9 !m ! ri*es ( ,8 m]cy1 leav+ ! re/ 9 ?is same corruption & condemnation to %[ 9 !m ,8 ju/ice4 ,cr$imus ex hac corruptione et damnatione univ]sali1 9 qua omnes hom9es natura sunt subm]si1 ,deum alios quidem erip]e1 quos videlicet aet]no et immutabili suo consilio sola sua bonitate et mis]icordia1 nulloque op]um ipsorum respectu 9 ,iesu ,*ri/o elegit2 alios v]o 9 ea corruptione et damnatione rel9qu]e1 9 quibus nimirum iu/e suo tempore damn&is iu/itiam suam demon/ret1 sicut 9 aliis divitias mis]icordiae suae decl>at4 7,niemey]1 #ccb2 ,s*aff #c1 #cff47 ,! ,=mula ,cons5sus ,helveticae ( #afge says1 canon #ac3 ,z f et]nity ,*ri/ 0 elect$ ,head1 ,lead]1 & ,heir ( all ^? :o 9 "t are sav$ by ,8 grace1 ?us also 9 ! "t ( ! ,new ,cov5ant ,he has be5 ! ,bondsman = ^? only :o by et]nal election 7 giv5 to ,him to be ,8 peculi> p1 se$1 & h]$ity4 ,sicut ,*ri/us ab aet]no electus e/ ut ,caput1 ,pr9ceps et ,ha]es omnium eorum1 qui 9 tempore p] gratiam eius salvantur1 ita etiam 9 tempore ,novi ,fo$]is ,sponsor factus e/ pro iis solis qui p] aet]nam electionem dati ipsi sunt ut populus peculii1 sem5 et ha]$itas eius1 etc4 7,niemey]1 #gcc47 ,! same ,calv9i/ic doctr9es 7 subsequ5tly embodi$ 9 ! ,canons ( ! ,synod ( ,dort1 promulgat$ ,may #f1 #afai1 & 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai?1 publi%$ #afdg4 ,9 ! =m] we read3 ,t "s receive ! gift ( fai? f ,god1 & o!rs d n receive x1 proce$s f ,god's et]nal election4444 ,accord+ to ,8 j judgm5t ,he leaves ! non-elect to _! own wick$ness & obduracy4 7,s*aff #c1 #ehb47 ,! elect1 9 due "t1 ?\gh 9 v>i\s degrees & 9 diff]5t measures1 atta9 ! assurance ( ?is et]nal & un*angeable election1 n by inquisitively pry+ into ! secret & deep ?+s ( ,god1 b by obs]v+ 9 !mselves1 ) a spiritual joy & holy pleasure1 ! infallible fruits ( election po9t$ out 9 ! ,^w ( ,god1 su* z a true fai? 9 ,*ri/1 filial fe>1 a godly sorr[ = s91 a hung]+ & ?ir/+ aft] righte\sness1 etc4 7#ehc47 ,n all1 b "s only1 are elect$1 :ile o!rs are pass$ by 9 ! et]nal decree2 :om ,god1 out ( ,8 sov]eign1 mo/ j1 irrepreh5sible1 & un*angeable good pleasure1 ha? decre$ to leave 9 ! common mis]y into :i* !y h wilfully plung$ !mselves1 & n to be/[ ^u !m sav+ fai? & ! grace ( conv]sion4 444 7#ehd47 ,= ?is 0 ! sov]eign c\nsel & mo/ graci\s w & purpose ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 t ! quick5+ & sav+ efficacy ( ! mo/ preci\s dea? ( ,8 ,son %\ld ext5d to all ! elect1 = be/[+ ^u !m alone ! gift ( ju/ify+ fai?1 !reby to br+ !m infallibly to salvation2 t is1 x 0 ! w ( ,god t ,*ri/ by ! blood ( ! cross :]eby ,he confirm$ ! ,new ,cov5ant %\ld effectually r$eem out ( e p1 tribe1 nation1 & language all ^?1 & ^? only1 :o 7 f et]nity *os5 to salvation1 & giv5 to ,him by ! ,fa!r4 7#ehg47 ,b ,god1 :o is ri* 9 m]cy1 accord+ to ,8 un*angeable purpose ( election1 does n :olly )draw ! ,holy ,_s f ,8 own p1 ev5 9 _! melan*oly falls1 nor suff] !m to proce$ s f> z to lose ! grace ( adoption & =feit ! /ate ( ju/ification1 etc4 7,s*aff #c1 #eic2 ,niemey]1 #gaf47 ,! ,we/m9/] ,confession decl>es3 ,by ! decree ( ,god1 = ! manife/ation ( ,8 glory1 "s m5 & angels are pr$e/9at$ unto ev]la/+ life1 & o!rs =eorda9$ to ev]la/+ dea?4 7,s*aff #c1 #fjh47 ,z ,god ha? appo9t$ ! elect unto glory1 s ha? ,he1 by ! et]nal & mo/ free purpose ( ,8 w1 =eorda9$ all ! means !reunto4 ,:]e=e !y :o are elect$ be+ fall5 9 ,adam1 are r$eem$ by ,*ri/ are effectually call$ unto fai? 9 ,*ri/ by ,8 ,_s work+ 9 due season2 are ju/ifi$1 adopt$1 sanctifi$1 & kept by ,8 p[] ?r\gh fai? unto salvation4 ,nei!r are any o!r r$eem$ by ,*ri/1 effectually call$1 ju/ifi$1 adopt$1 sanctifi$1 & sav$ b ! elect only4 7#fji47 ,! re/ ( mank9d ,god 0 pleas$1 accord+ to ! unse>*able c\nsel ( ,8 own w1 :]eby ,he ext5ds or )holds m]cy z ,he pleases = ! glory ( ,8 sov]eign p[] ov] ,8 creatures1 to pass by1 & to orda9 !m to di%onor & wra? = _! s91 to ! praise ( ,8 glori\s ju/ice4 7#faj2 ,niemey]1 ,app5dix #f4 #g47 #bbg4 ,m>ba* & ,zan*i 9 ,/rassburg4 ,9 view ( ! situation portray$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraphs1 x is c]ta9ly rem>kable t a g5]al public controv]sy1 p>ticul>ly ) ! ,calv9i/s & ,syn]gi/s _h n be5 inaugurat$ long be=e ! ,=mula ( ,concord 0 able to write t su* a conflict _h n yet occurr$4 ,surely ! p[d] requir$ = a pr$e/9>ian conflagration 0 ev]y:]e /or$ up 9 consid]able quantities1 )9 z well z )\t ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,nor 0 a local skirmi% lack+ :i* might h s]v$ z ! sp>k & be5 welcom$ z a signal = a g5]al attack4 ,x 0 ! conflict betwe5 ,m>ba* & ,zan*i1 probably ref]r$ to by ! words quot$ above f ,article ,,xi3 ,some?+ ( x ( a discussion conc]n+ et]nal election has be5 moot$ also among our !ologians4 ,?is controv]sy took place f #aefa to #aefc1 at ,/rassburg1 :]e ,lu!ranism & ,calv9ism came into imm$iate contact4 ,9 #aecf ,/rassburg _h adopt$ ! ,witt5b]g ,concord & ) x ! ,augsburg ,confession :i* s9ce took ! place ( ! ,tetrapolitana deliv]$ to ,emp]or ,*>les at ! ,diet ( ,augsburg1 #aecj4 ,! effici5t & zeal\s lead] 9 ,lu!raniz+ ! city 0 ,john ,m>ba* a graduate ( ,witt5b]g &1 toge!r ) ,ma!sius1 a =m] gue/ at ,lu!r's table4 ,he 0 born 9 #aeba & labor$ 9 ,/rassburg f #aede to #aeha1 ! ye> ( 8 dea?4 ,he _h ,buc]'s ,cate*ism replac$ by ,lu!r's1 & ent]$ ! public controv]sy aga9/ ! ,calv9i/s ) a publication entitl$1 ,conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 aga9/ ! ,sacram5t>ians1 :i* def5ds ! omnipres5ce ( ,*ri/ also accord+ to ,8 human nature4 ,9 8 ef=ts to ,lu!ranize ! city1 ,m>ba* 0 oppos$ by ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ ,j]ome ,zan*i 7born #aeaf1 di$ #aeij71 a conv]t$ ,italian & a pupil ( ,pet] ,m>tyr born ,septemb] #h1 #aejj2 won = ,prote/antism by read+ books ( ,buc]1 ,zw+li1 & o!rs2 pr(essor1 fir/ 9 ,/rassburg1 #aedg 9 ,ox=d2 compell$ to return to ! ,cont95t 7,/rassburg & ,zuri*7 by ,bloody ,m>y2 di$ ,novemb] #ab1 #aefb1 :5 j ab\t to write a book aga9/ ,br5z4 ,f #aeec to #aefc ,zan*i 0 pr(essor ( ,old ,te/am5t exegesis 9 ,/rassburg4 ,?\gh he _h sign$ ! ,augsburg ,confession1 he 0 & rema9$ a rigid ,calv9i/1 bo? ) respect to ! doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation & t ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 b )held 8 public diss5t until ab\t #aefa4 ,x 0 ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( ! p]sev]ance ( ! sa9ts1 accord+ to :i* grace once receiv$ _c be lo/1 ^u :i* ,zan*i n[ laid especial emphasis4 ,accord+ to ,loes*] 7,hi/oria ,motuum #c1 #cj7 he taught3 #a4 ,to ! elect 9 ?is _w fai? is giv5 by ,god only once4 #b4 ,! elect :o h once be5 end[$ ) true fai? 444 c nev] aga9 lose fai? altoge!r4 #c4 ,! elect nev] s9 ) _! :ole m9d or _! entire w4 #d4 ,:5 ,pet] d5i$ ,*ri/1 he1 inde$1 lack$ ! confession ( ! m\?1 b n ! fai? ( ! he>t4 #a4 ,electis 9 hoc saeculo semel tantum v]a fides a ,deo datur4 #b4 ,electi semel v]a fide donati ,*ri/oque p] ,spiritum ,sanctum insiti fidem prorsus amitt]e 444 non possunt4 #c4 ,9 electis reg5]atis duo sunt hom9es1 int]ior et ext]ior4 ,ii1 quum peccant1 secundum tantum hom9em ext]iorem1 i4e41 ea tantum p>te1 qua non sunt reg5iti1 peccant2 secundum v]o int]iorem hom9em nolunt peccatum et condelectantur legi ,dei2 qu>e non toto animo aut pl5a voluntate peccant4 #d4 ,petrum1 quum negavit ,*ri/um1 defecit quidem fidei confessio 9 ore s$ non defecit fides 9 corde4 7,ts*ack]t #efj2 ,frank #d1 #bfa47 ,?is t5et1 t believ]s c nei!r lose _! fai? nor be et]nally lo/1 _h be5 pla9ly reject$ by ,lu!r4 ,9 ! ,smalcald ,articles we read3 ,on ! o!r h&1 if c]ta9 sect>i/s w\ld arise1 "s ( :om are p]haps already extant1 & 9 ! "t ( ! insurrection ( ! peasants1 #aebe came to my own view1 hold+ t all ^? :o _h once receiv$ ! ,_s or ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 or _h become believ]s1 ev5 ?\gh !y %\ld aft]w>ds s91 w\ld /ill rema9 9 ! fai?1 & su* s9 w\ld n h>m !m1 & h5ce cry+ ?us3 ',d :atev] y please2 if y believe1 x all am\nts to no?+3 fai? blots out all s9s1' etc4--!y say1 besides1 t if any "o s9s aft] he has receiv$ fai? & ! ,_s1 he nev] truly _h ! ,_s & fai?3 ,i h _h be=e me _m su* insane m51 & ,i fe> t 9 "s su* a devil is /ill rema9+ hid+ & dwell+4 ,x is1 accord+ly1 necess>y to "k & to tea* t :5 holy m51 /ill hav+ & feel+ orig9al s91 also daily rep5t+ ( & /riv+ ) x1 happ5 to fall into manife/ s9s1 z ,david into adult]y1 murd]1 & blasphemy1 t !n fai? & ! ,holy ,gho/ has dep>t$ f !m4 ,= ! ,holy ,gho/ does n p]mit s9 to h dom9ion1 to ga9 ! upp] h&1 s z to be accompli%$1 b represses & re/ra9s x s t x mu/ n d :at x wi%es4 ,b if x does :at x wi%es1 ! ,holy ,gho/ & fai? are n pres5t4 ,= ,/4 ,john says1 #a ,ep4 #c1 #i3 ',:osoev] is born ( ,god do? n commit s91444 & he _c s94' ,& yet x is also ! tru? :5 ! same ,/4 ,john says1 #a ,ep4 #a1 #h3 ',if we say t we h no s91 we deceive ourselves & ! tru? is n 9 u4' 7#dia1 #db;f47 ,9 an op9ion ( ,m>* #i1 #aeei1 ,melan*?on rem>ks t ab\t #aebi "s ,ant9omians ma9ta9$ & argu$ t1 s9ce 9 ?is life s9 rema9s 9 sa9ts1 !y rema9 holy & reta9 ! ,holy ,_s & salvation ev5 :5 !y commit adult]y & o!r s9s aga9/ _! consci5ce4444 ,!re are _m at _m places :o are imbu$ ) ?is error t righte\sness1 ,holy ,_s1 & s9s aga9/ ! consci5ce c rema9 9 a man at ! same "t1 reg>d !mselves holy al?\gh !y live & p]sev]e 9 s9s aga9/ _! consci5ces4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #gfd4 #dje4 #dgc2 #h1 #daa47 ,! p]sev]ance ( sa9ts z taught by ,zan*i 0 ! po9t to :i* ,m>ba* imm$iately took exception4 ,a long discussion foll[$1 :i* 0 f9ally settl$ by ! ,/rassburg ,=mula ( ,concord ( #aefc1 outside !ologians p>ticipat+ & act+ z arbit]s4 ,?is ,=mula1 :i* 0 probably prep>$ by ,jacob ,&reae1 treat$ 9 its fir/ article ! ,"l's ,supp]2 9 its second1 pr$e/9ation4 ,x reject$ ! doctr9e t1 once receiv$1 fai? _c be lo/1 & prescrib$ ! ,witt5b]g ,concord ( #aecf z ! doctr9al rule reg>d+ ! ,holy ,supp]4 ,! docum5t 0 sign$ by bo? p>ties1 ,zan*i /at+ ov] 8 signature3 ,hanc doctr9ae =mam ut piam agnosco1 ita eam recipio4 ,evid5tly 8 m5tal res]vation 0 t he be p]mitt$ to )draw f x 9 z f> z he did n reg>d x z pi\s4 ,lat] ,zan*i decl>$ op5ly t he _h subscrib$ ! ,=mula only conditionally4 ,soon aft] 8 subscription he left ,/rassburg1 s]v+ till #aefh z prea*] ( a ,re=m$ ,italian congregation 9 ,*iav5na1 till #aegf z pr(essor 9 ! ,re=m$ ,univ]sity ( ,heidelb]g1 & till #aehb z pr(essor 9 ,neu/adt4 ,he di$ at ,heidelb]g z pr(essor em]itus ,novemb] #ai1 #aeij4 ,m>ba* cont9u$ 8 "w at ,/rassburg1 & 0 active also 9 promot+ ! cause ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,8 controv]sy ) ,zan*i1 ?\gh ( a local "*1 may be reg>d$ z ! imm$iate cause = add+ ,article ,,xi4 ,! ?or\gh ,lu!raniz+ ( ! city 0 complet$ by ,pappus1 a pupil ( ,m>ba*4 ,9 #aeig ,/rassburg adopt$ ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 #bbh4 ,! ,/rassburg ,=mula4 ,! ,/rassburg ,=mula ( ,concord sets =? ! ,scriptural & peculi>ly ,lu!ran po9t ( view 9 ! doctr9e ( election1 accord+ to :i* a ,*ri/ian1 9 ord] to atta9 to a truly div9e assurance ( 8 election & f9al salvation1 is to consid] pr$e/9ation n a priori1 b a po/]iori4 ,t is to say1 he is n to speculate on ! act ( et]nal election z su*1 b to consid] x z manife/$ to him 9 ,*ri/ & ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/4 ,judg+ f 8 own false conception ( pr$e/9ation1 ,calv9 rem>k$ t ! ,/rassburg ,=mula did n d5y b r veil$1 ! doctr9e ( election1--a /ricture frequ5tly made also on ,article ,,xi ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 ^: truly ,scriptural & evangelical view ( election ! ,re=m$ h nev] fully grasp$ & realiz$4 ,! ,/rassburg ,=mula taught t1 9 accordance ) ,rom4 #ae1 #d1 ! doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation mu/ be pres5t$ s z n to br+ x into conflict ) ! doctr9es ( rep5tance & ju/ification nor to deprive al>m$ consci5ces ( ! consolation ( ! ,gospel1 nor 9 any way to violate ! tru? t ! only cause ( our salvation is ! grace ( ,god alone2 t ! consolation af=d$ by election1 especially 9 tribulations 7t no "o %all pluck u out ( ! h&s ( ,*ri/71 rema9s firm & solid only z long z ! univ]sality ( ,god's promises is kept inviolate1 t ,*ri/ di$ & e>n$ salvation = all1 & e>ne/ly invites all to p>take ( x by fai?1 :i* is ! gift ( grace1 & :i* alone receives ! salvation pr(f]$ to all2 t ! reason :y ! gift ( fai? is n be/[$ ^u all m51 ?\gh ,*ri/ s]i\sly invites all to come to ,him1 is a my/]y kn[n to ,god alone1 :i* human reason _c fa?om2 t ! w ( ,god propos$ 9 ,*ri/ & reveal$ 9 ! ,bible1 to :i* all m5 are direct$1 & 9 :i* x is mo/ safe to acquiesce1 is n contradictory ( ! hidd5 w ( ,god4 7,loes*]1 ,hi/ ,mot4 #b1 #bbi2 ,frank #d1 #abf4 #bfb2 ,ts*ack]t1 #efj47 ,p>ticul>ly ) respect to ! my/]y1 ! ,/rassburg ,=mula says3 ,! fact t ?is grace or ?is gift ( fai? is n giv5 by ,god to all :5 ,he calls all to ,himself1 &1 accord+ to ,8 inf9ite goodness1 c]ta9ly calls e>ne/ly3 ',come unto ! m>riage1 = all ?+s are n[ ready1' is a seal$ my/]y kn[n to ,god alone1 pa/ f9d+ out = human reason2 a secret t mu/ be contemplat$ ) fe> & be ador$1 z x is writt53 ',o ! dep? ( ! ri*es bo? ( ! wisdom & k ( ,god6 ,h[ unse>*able are ,8 judgm5ts1 & ,8 ways pa/ f9d+ out6' ,rom4 #aa1 #cc4 ,& ,*ri/ gives ?anks to ! ,fa!r because ,he has hid ^! ?+s f ! wise & prud5t & reveal$ !m unto babes4 ,matt4 #aa1 #be4 ,tr\bl$ consci5ces1 h[ev]1 mu/ n take (f5se at ?is hidd5 way ( ! div9e w b look ^u ! w ( ,god reveal$ 9 ,*ri/1 :o calls all s9n]s to ,himself4 ,?is 0 also ! tea*+ ( ! contempor>y !ologians4 ,mo]l9 wrote3 ,god has reveal$ to u t ,he w save only ^? :o believe 9 ,*ri/1 & t unbelief is *>geable to u4 ,hidd51 h[ev]1 are ,god's judgm5ts--:y ,he conv]ts ,paul b does n conv]t ,caiaphas2 :y ,he receives fall5 ,pet] aga9 & ab&ons ,judas to despair4 ,*emnitz3 ,:y1 !n1 is x t ,god does n put su* fai? into ! he>t ( ,judas s t he1 too1 might h believ$ & be5 sav$ ?r\gh ,*ri/8 ,"h we mu/ leave (f que/ion+ & say1 ,rom4 #aa3 ',o ! dep?6'444 ,we _c & mu/ n se>* ?is nor m$itate too deeply ^u su* que/ions4 ,kir*n]3 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 fai? 9 ,*ri/ is a special gift ( ,god1 :y does ,he n be/[ x ^u all8 ,answ]3 ,we mu/ def] ! discussion ( ?is "q unto et]nal life1 & 9 ! mean "t be cont5t to "k t ,god does n want u to se>* ,8 secret judgm5ts1 ,rom4 #aa3 ',o ! dep?1' etc4 ,9 a simil> way ,*emnitz1 ,selnecc]1 & ,kir*n] express$ !mselves 9 _! ,apology ( ! ,book ( ,concord1 ( #aehb1 decl>+ t1 :5 ask$ :y ,god does n conv]t all m51 we mu/ answ] ) ! apo/le3 ',h[ unse>*able are ,8 judgm5ts & ,8 ways pa/ f9d+ out6' b n ascribe to ,god ! ,"l ! will+ & real cause ( ! reprobation or damnation ( ! imp5it5t4 7,piep]1 ,dogm4 #b1 #ehe;f47 #bbi4 ,pr$e/9ation accord+ to ,article ,,xi ( ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,9 keep+ ) h] fundam5tal tea*+ ( sola gratia & gratia univ]salis1 accord+ to :i* ,god's grace is ! only cause ( man's salvation1 & man's evil w ! sole cause ( 8 damnation1 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* holds t et]nal election is an election ( grace1 i4e41 a pr$e/9ation to salvation only4 ,god's et]nal election1 says ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 does n ext5d at once ov] ! godly & ! wick$1 b only ov] ! *ildr5 ( ,god1 :o 7 elect$ & orda9$ to et]nal life be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w 0 laid1 z ,paul says1 ,eph4 #a1 #d4 #e3 ',he ha? *os5 u 9 ,him1 hav+ pr$e/9at$ u unto ! adoption ( *ildr5 by ,jesus ,*ri/4' 7#ajfe1 #e47 ,?is election1 ! ,=mula cont9ues1 n only =esees & =ekn[s ! salvation ( ! elect1 b is also1 f ! graci\s w & pleasure ( ,god 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 a cause :i* procures1 works1 helps1 & promotes our salvation1 & :at p]ta9s !reto2 & ^u ?is div9e pr$e/9ation our salvation is s f\nd$ t ! gates ( hell _c prevail aga9/ x1 ,matt4 #af1 #ah1 z is writt5 ,john #aj1 #bh3 ',nei!r %all any man pluck ,my %eep out ( ,my h&1' ,& aga91 ,acts #ac1 #dh3 ',& z _m z 7 orda9$ to et]nal life believ$4' 7#ajfe1 #h47 ,:ile ?us election is a cause ( fai? & salvation1 !re is no cause ( election 9 man4 ,! tea*+ t n only ! m]cy ( ,god & ! mo/ holy m]it ( ,*ri/ b also 9 u !re is a cause ( ,god's election on acc\nt ( :i* ,god has elect$ u to ev]la/+ life1 is reject$ by ! ,=mula ( ,concord z "o ( ! blasphem\s & dreadful errone\s doctr9es :]eby all ! com=t :i* !y h 9 ! holy ,gospel & ! use ( ! holy ,sacram5ts is tak5 f ,*ri/ians4 7#hcg1 #bj;f47 ,conc]n+ ! way ( consid]+ et]nal election1 ! ,=mula writes3 ,if we wi% to ?9k or speak correctly & pr(itably conc]n+ et]nal election1 or ! pr$e/9ation & ord9ation ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god to et]nal life1 we %\ld accu/om ourselves n to speculate conc]n+ ! b>e1 secret1 conceal$1 inscrutable =ekn[l$ge ( ,god1 b h[ ! c\nsel1 purpose1 & ord9ation ( ,god 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :o is ! true ,book ( ,life1 is reveal$ to u ?r\gh ! ,^w1 namely1 t ! entire doctr9e conc]n+ ! purpose1 c\nsel1 w1 & ord9ation ( ,god p]ta9+ to our r$emption1 call1 ju/ification1 & salvation %\ld be tak5 toge!r2 z ,paul treats & has expla9$ ?is article ,rom4 #h1 #bi;f42 ,eph4 #a1 #d;f41 z also ,*ri/ 9 ! p>able1 ,matt4 #bb1 #a;ff4 7#ajfg1 #ac47 ,:ile accord+ to ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* election is ! cause ( fai? & salvation1 !re is no su* a ?+ z an election ( wra? or a pr$e/9ation to s9 & damnation1 ( bo? ( :i* ,god is n ! cause & au?or4 ,accord+ to ! ,=mula ! vessels ( m]cy are prep>$ by ,god alone1 b ! vessels ( di%onor are prep>$ = damnation1 n by ,god1 b by !mselves4 ,moreov]1 ,god e>ne/ly desires t all m5 turn f _! wick$ ways & live4 ,we read3 ,= all prep>ation = condemnation is by ! devil & man1 ?r\gh s91 & 9 no respect by ,god1 :o does n wi% t any man be damn$2 h[1 !n1 %\ld ,he ,himself prep>e any man = condemnation8 ,= z ,god is n a cause ( s9s1 s1 too1 ,he is no cause ( puni%m5t1 ( damnation2 b ! only cause ( damnation is s92 = ! wages ( s9 is dea?4 ,rom4 #f1 #bc4 ,& z ,god does n w s91 & has no pleasure 9 s91 s ,he does n wi% ! dea? ( ! s9n] ei!r1 ,ezek4 #cc1 #aa1 nor has ,he pleasure 9 8 condemnation4 ,= ,he is n will+ t any "o %\ld p]i%1 b t all %\ld come to rep5tance1 #b ,pet4 #c1 #i4 ,s1 too1 x is writt5 9 ,ezek4 #ah1 #bc2 #cc1 #aa3 ',z ,i live1 sai? ! ,"l ,god1 ,i h no pleasure 9 ! dea? ( ! wick$ b t ! wick$ turn f 8 way & live1' ,& ,/4 ,paul te/ifies 9 cle> words t f vessels ( di%onor vessels ( honor may be made by ,god's p[] & work+1 :5 he writes #b ,tim4 #b1 #ba3 ',if a man1 !re=e1 purge himself f ^!1 he %all be a vessel unto honor1 sanctifi$ & meet = ! ,ma/]'s use1 & prep>$ unto e good "w1' ,= he :o is to purge himself mu/ fir/ h be5 unclean1 & h5ce a vessel ( di%onor4 ,b conc]n+ ! vessels ( m]cy he says cle>ly t ! ,"l ,himself has prep>$ !m = glory1 :i* he does n say conc]n+ ! damn$1 :o !mselves1 & n ,god1 h prep>$ !mselves z vessels ( damnation4 7#ajhi1 #ha;f47 ,h5ce ! apo/le di/+ui%es ) special c>e ! "w ( ,god1 :o alone makes vessels ( honor1 & ! "w ( ! devil & ( man1 :o by ! in/igation ( ! devil1 & n ( ,god1 has made himself a vessel ( di%onor4 ,= ?us x is writt51 ,rom4 #i1 #bb;f43 ',god endur$ ) mu* long-suff]+ ! vessels ( wra? fitt$ to de/ruction1 t ,he might make kn[n ! ri*es ( ,8 glory on ! vessels ( m]cy1 :i* ,he _h a=e prep>$ unto glory4' ,"h1 !n1 ! apo/le cle>ly says t ,god endur$ ) mu* long-suff]+ ! vessels ( wra?1 b does n say t ,he made !m vessels ( wra?2 = if ?is _h be5 ,8 w1 ,he w\ld n h requir$ any great long-suff]+ = x4 ,! fault1 h[ev]1 t !y are fitt$ = de/ruction belongs to ! devil & to m5 !mselves1 & n to ,god4 7#ajhi1 #gi;f47 ,x is man's own fault :5 he is n conv]t$ by ! ,^w or aft]w>ds falls away aga94 ,we read3 ,b ! reason :y n all :o he> x ! ,^w ( ,god believe & are !re=e condemn$ ! m deeply1 is n because ,god _h begrudg$ !m _! salvation2 b x is _! own fault1 z !y h he>d ! ,^w 9 su* a mann] z n to le>n1 b only to despise1 blaspheme1 & disgrace x1 & h resi/$ ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o ?r\gh ! ,^w wi%$ to "w 9 !m1 z 0 ! case at ! "t ( ,*ri/ ) ! ,ph>isees & _! adh]5ts4 7#ajhi1 #gh47 ,= few receive ! ,^w & foll[ x2 ! greate/ numb] despise ! ,^w1 & w n come to ! w$d+1 ,matt4 #bb1 #c;ff4 ,! cause ( ?is contempt = ! ,^w is n ,god's =ekn[l$ge or pr$e/9ation1 b ! p]v]se w ( man1 :i* rejects or p]v]ts ! means & in/rum5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 :i* ,god (f]s him ?r\gh ! call1 & resi/s ! ,holy ,gho/1 :o wi%es to be efficaci\s1 & works ?r\gh ! ,^w1 z ,*ri/ says3 ',h[ (t5 w\ld ,i h ga!r$ y toge!r1 & ye w\ld n6' ,matt4 #bc1 #cg4 ,?us _m receive ! ,^w ) joy1 b aft]w>ds fall away aga91 ,luke #h1 #ac4 ,b ! cause is n z ?\gh ,god 7 unwill+ to grant grace = p]sev]ance to ^? 9 :om ,he has begun ! good "w1 = t is contr>y to ,/4 ,paul1 ,phil4 #a1 #f2 b ! cause is t !y wilfully turn away aga9 f ! holy comm&m5t1 grieve & embitt] ! ,holy ,gho/1 implicate !mselves aga9 9 ! fil? ( ! _w1 & g>ni% aga9 ! habitation ( ! he>t = ! devil4 ,) !m ! la/ /ate is worse ?an ! fir/4 7#ajgg #da;f42 #hce1 #ab47 ,x is n because ( any defici5cy 9 ,god t m5 are lo/2 = ,8 grace is univ]sal z well z s]i\s & efficaci\s4 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord decl>es3 ,h[ev]1 t _m are call$ & few *os5 is n ow+ to ! fact t ! call ( ,god1 :i* is made ?r\gh ! ,^w1 _h ! mean+ z ?\gh ,god said3 ,outw>dly1 ?r\gh ! ,^w1 ,i inde$ call to ,my k+dom all ( y to :om ,i give ,my ,^w2 h[ev]1 9 ,my he>t ,i d n mean ?is ) respect to all1 b only ) respect to a few2 = x is ,my w t ! greate/ "p ( ^? :om ,i call ?r\gh ! ,^w %all n be enlight5$ nor conv]t$1 b be & rema9 damn$1 al?\gh ?r\gh ! ,^w1 9 ! call1 ,i decl>e ,myself to !m o!rwise4 ,hoc enim esset ,deo contradictorias voluntates aff+]e4 ,= ?is w\ld be to assign contradictory wills to ,god4 ,t is1 9 ?is way x w\ld be taught t ,god1 :o surely is ,et]nal ,tru?1 w\ld be contr>y to ,himself or say "o ?+1 b revolve ano!r 9 ,8 he>t1 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 ,god rebukes & puni%es also 9 m5 ?is wick$ness1 :5 a p]son decl>es himself to "o purpose1 & ?9ks & means ano!r 9 ! he>t1 ,ps4 #e1 #i2 #ab1 #b;f4 7#ajge1 #cf47 ,x is a puni%m5t ( _! previ\s s9s & n a result ( ,god's pr$e/9ation :5 s9n]s are h>d5$2 nor does su* h>d5+ signify t x nev] 0 ,god's good pleasure to save !m4 ,moreov]1 says ! ,=mula1 x is to be dilig5tly consid]$ t :5 ,god puni%es s9 ) s9s1 t is :5 ,he aft]w>ds puni%es ) obduracy & bl9dness ^? :o _h be5 conv]t$ because ( _! subsequ5t security1 imp5it5ce1 & wilful s9s1 ?is %\ld n be int]pret$ to mean t x nev] _h be5 ,god's good pleasure t su* p]sons %\ld come to ! k ( ! tru? & be sav$4 ,= bo? ^! facts are ,god's reveal$ w3 fir/1 t ,god w receive into grace all :o rep5t & believe 9 ,*ri/2 secondly1 t ,he also w puni% ^? :o wilfully turn away f ! holy comm&m5t1 & aga9 entangle !mselves 9 ! fil? ( ! _w #b ,pet4 #b1 #bj1 & g>ni% _! he>ts = ,satan1 ,luke #aa1 #be;f41 & d despite unto ! ,_s ( ,god1 ,heb4 #aj1 #bi1 & t !y %all be h>d5$1 bl9d$1 & et]nally condemn$ if !y p]si/ !re94 7#ajia1 #hc47 ,b t ,god 444 h>d5$ ,ph>aoh's he>t1 namely1 t ,ph>aoh always s9n$ aga9 & aga91 & became ! m obdurate ! m he 0 admoni%$1 t 0 a puni%m5t ( 8 antec$5t s9 & horrible tyranny1 :i* 9 _m & manifold ways he practis$ inhumanly & aga9/ ! accusations ( 8 he>t t[>ds ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,& s9ce ,god caus$ ,8 ,^w to be prea*$ & ,8 w to be proclaim$ to him1 & ,ph>aoh nev]!less wilfully re>$ up /raightway aga9/ all admonitions & w>n+s1 ,god )drew ,8 h& f him & ?us 8 he>t became h>d5$ & obdurate1 & ,god execut$ ,8 judgm5t ^u him2 = he 0 guilty ( no?+ else ?an hell-fire4 ,accord+ly1 ! holy apo/le also introduces ! example ( ,ph>aoh = no o!r reason ?an to prove by x ! ju/ice ( ,god :i* ,he ex]cises t[>ds ! imp5it5t & despis]s ( ,8 ,^w2 by no means1 h[ev]1 has he int5d$ or und]/ood x to mean t ,god begrudg$ salvation to him or any p]son1 b _h s orda9$ him to et]nal damnation 9 ,8 secret c\nsel t he %\ld n be able1 or t x %\ld n be possible = him1 to be sav$4 7#ajia1 #he;f47 #bcj4 ,agreem5t ( ,articles ,,xi & ,,ii4 ,9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 ,article ,,xi is closely relat$ to mo/ ( ! o!r articles p>ticul>ly to ,article ,i1 ,( ,orig9al ,s91 & ,article ,,ii1 ,( ,free ,w & ,conv]sion4 ,election is to conv]sion :at ! concave side ( a l5s is to ! convex4 ,bo? correspond to ea* o!r 9 e p>ticul>4 ,:at ,god does = & 9 man :5 ,he conv]ts1 ju/ifies1 sanctifies1 pres]ves1 & f9ally glorifies him1 ,he has 9 et]nity resolv$ to d1--t is "o way 9 :i* et]nal election may be def9$4 ,syn]gi/s & ,calv9i/s1 h[ev] h always ma9ta9$ t ! ,second ,article is 9 a hopeless conflict ) ! ,elev5?4 ,b ! tru? is1 ! ,second fully confirms & corroborates ! ,elev5?1 & vice v]sa2 = bo? ma9ta9 ! sola gratia z well z ! univ]salis gratia4 ,bo? articles tea* t 9 e respect grace alone is ! cause ( our conv]sion & salvation1 & t ?is grace is n conf9$ to "s m5 only1 b is a grace = all4 ,bo? tea* t man1 ?\gh contribut+ absolutely no?+ to 8 conv]sion & salvation1 is nev]!less ! sole cause ( 8 own damnation4 ,bo? disav[ ,calv9ism :i* d5ies ! univ]sality ( grace4 ,bo? reject syn]gism1 :i* corrupts grace by tea*+ a coop]ation ( man t[>ds 8 own conv]sion & salvation4 ,tea*+ !re=e1 z !y d1 ! same tru?s1 bo? articles w & mu/ ev] /& & fall toge!r4 ,x 01 no d\bt1 *iefly due to ?is complete h>mony betwe5 ! ,second & ! ,elev5? ,article t aft] ! =m] 7:i* receiv$ its pres5t %ape only aft] repeat$ *anges & additions7 _h be5 decid$ ^u ! revision ( ! latt] 7! ,elev5?7 caus$ b little delay4 7,frank #d1 ,v4 #acc47 ,conc]n+ ! alleg$ conflict betwe5 ,articles ,,ii & ,,xi1 we read 9 ,s*aff's ,cre$s ( ,*ri/5dom3 ,!re is an obvi\s & irreconcilable antagonism betwe5 ,article ,,ii & ,article ,,xi4 ,!y conta9 n simply opposite tru?s to be reconcil$ by !ological sci5ce1 b contradictory ass]tions1 :i* ought nev] to be put into a cre$4 ,! ,=mula adopts "o "p ( ,lu!r's book ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio1 #aebe1 & rejects ! o!r1 :i* foll[s ) logical necessity4 ,x is ,augu/9ian1 yea1 hyp]-,augu/9ian & hyp]-,calv9i/ic 9 ! doctr9e ( human depravity1 & anti-,augu/9ian 9 ! doctr9e ( div9e pr$e/9ation4 ,x endorses ! an?ropological premise1 & d5ies ! !ological conclusion4 ,if man is by nature l a /one & block1 & unable ev5 to accept ! grace ( ,god1 z ,article ,,ii tea*es1 he c only be conv]t$ by an act ( almighty p[] & irresi/ible grace1 :i* ,article ,,xi d5ies4 ,if "s m5 are sav$ )\t any coop]ation on _! "p1 :ile o!rs1 ) ! same inability & ! same opportunities1 are lo/1 ! diff]5ce po9ts to a p>ticul> pr$e/9ation & ! inscrutable decree ( ,god4 ,on ! o!r h& if ,god s9c]ely wills ! salvation ( all m51 z ,article ,,xi tea*es1 & yet only a "p are actually sav$1 !re mu/ be "s diff]5ce 9 ! attitude ( ! sav$ & ! lo/ t[>ds conv]t+ grace1 :i* is d5i$ 9 ,article ,,ii4 ,! ,lu!ran sy/em1 !n1 to be consi/5t1 mu/ rectify itself1 & develop ei!r f ,article ,,ii 9 ! direction ( ,augu/9ianism & ,calv9ism1 or f ,article ,,xi 9 ! direction ( syn]gism & ,arm9ianism4 ,! =m] w\ld be simply return+ to ,lu!r's orig9al doctr9e 81 :i* he nev] recall$1 ?\gh he may h modifi$ x a little2 ! latt] is ! pa? po9t$ out by ,melan*?on1 & adopt$ m or less by "s ( ! able/ mod]n ,lu!rans4 7#a1 #cad4 #ccj47 ,prior to ,s*aff1 simil> *>ges _h be5 rais$ by ,planck1 ,s*weiz]1 ,heppe1 & o!rs1 :o ma9ta9$ t ,article ,,xi suff]s f a !ological confusion o!rwise n f\nd 9 ! ,=mula4 ,ap>t f o!r unw>rant$ ass]tions 9 ! passage quot$ f ,s*aff1 ! *ief *>ges !re rais$ aga9/ ! ,=mula ( ,concord are3 #a4 t ,articles ,,xi & ,,ii are contradictory to ea* o!r1 #b4 t ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* has fail$ to h>monize ! doctr9es ( sola gratia & gratia univ]salis4 ,h[ev]1 ! fir/ ( ^! /rictures is bas$ on gross ignorance ( ! facts1 result+ f a sup]ficial inve/igation ( ! articles involv$1 = ! alleg$ disagreem5t is purely imag9>y4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 no "o c read ! two articles att5tively )\t be+ ev]y:]e impress$ ) _! complete h>mony4 ,9 e possible way ,article ,,xi excludes syn]gism1 & corroborates ! sola gratia doctr9e ( ,article ,,ii4 ,& ,article ,,ii1 9 turn1 n[h]e d5ies1 r ev]y:]e1 directly or indirectly1 confirms1 ! univ]sal grace p>ticul>ly emphasiz$ 9 ,article ,,xi4 ,! fram]s ( ! ,=mula 7 well aw>e ( ! fact t ! lea/ error 9 ! doctr9e ( free w & conv]sion 0 b\nd to manife/ itself also 9 ! doctr9e ( election1 & t p]haps 9 a =m mu* m difficult to detect4 ,h5ce ,article ,,xi 0 n only int5d$ to be a bulw>k aga9/ ! assaults on ! doctr9e ( grace com+ f ,calv9i/ic qu>t]s1 b also an additional re5=cem5t ( ! article ( ,free ,w aga9/ ! ,syn]gi/s1 9 ord] to prev5t a future recrudesc5ce ( _! errors 9 ! sph]e ( pr$e/9ation4 ,its object is cle>ly to ma9ta9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,bible1 accord+ to :i* x is grace alone t saves1 a grace :i*1 at ! same "t1 is a grace = all1 & ?us to /e] cle> ( syn]gism z well z ( ,calv9ism1 & =ev] to close ! doors ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* to e =m ( ^! two errors4 ,accord+ to ! ,second ,article1 ,*ri/ians _c be assur$ ( _! election if ! doctr9e ( conv]sion by grace alone is n prop]ly pres5t$4 7#ija1 #dg4 #eg47 ,& ,article ,,xi mo/ emphatically supports ,article ,,ii 9 its ef=ts to we$ out e k9d ( syn]gi/ic or ,romani/ic corruption4 ,= "h we read3 ,?us f> ! my/]y ( pr$e/9ation is reveal$ to u 9 ,god's ,^w2 & if we abide !reby & cleave !reto1 x is a v useful salut>y1 consolatory doctr9e2 = x e/abli%es v effectually ! article t we are ju/ifi$ & sav$ )\t all works & m]its ( ours1 purely out ( grace alone1 = ,*ri/'s sake4 ,= be=e ! "t ( ! _w1 be=e we exi/$1 yea1 be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w 0 laid1 :51 ( c\rse1 we c\ld d no?+ good1 we 7 accord+ to ,god's purpose *os5 by grace 9 ,*ri/ to salvation1 ,rom4 #i1 #aa2 #b ,tim4 #a1 #i4 ,moreov]1 all op9ions & errone\s doctr9es conc]n+ ! p[]s ( our natural w are !reby ov]?r[n1 because ,god 9 ,8 c\nsel1 be=e ! "t ( ! _w1 decid$ & orda9$ t ,he ,himself1 by ! p[] ( ,8 ,holy ,gho/1 w\ld produce & "w 9 u1 ?r\gh ! ,^w1 ev]y?+ t p]ta9s to our conv]sion4 7#ajgg1 #dc;f42 #hcg1 #bj47 ,aga93 ,by ?is doctr9e & explanation ( ! et]nal & sav+ *oice ( ! elect *ildr5 ( ,god1 ,8 own glory is entirely & fully giv5 to ,god1 t 9 ,*ri/ ,he saves u out ( pure & free m]cy1 )\t any m]its or good works ( ours1 accord+ to ! purpose ( ,8 w1 z x is writt5 ,eph4 #a1 #e;f43 ',hav+ pr$e/9at$ u1'444 ,!re=e x is false & wrong :5 x is taught t n alone ! m]cy ( ,god & ! mo/ holy m]it ( ,*ri/1 b t also 9 u !re is a cause ( ,god's pr$e/9ation on acc\nt ( :i* ,god has *os5 u to et]nal life4 ,inde$1 "o ( ! mo/ exclusive =mulations aga9/ e possible k9d ( subtile syn]gism is f\nd 9 ,article ,,xi :5 x tea*es t ! reason :y "s are conv]t$ & sav$ :ile o!rs are lo/1 mu/ n be s\ght 9 man1 i4e41 9 any m9or guilt or less faulty conduct t[>d grace %[n by ^? :o are sav$1 z comp>$ ) ! guilt & conduct ( ^? :o are lo/4 7#ajha1 #eg;f47 ,if1 !re=e1 ! argum5t ( ! ,calv9i/s & ,syn]gi/s t ! sola gratia doctr9e involves a d5ial ( univ]sal grace 7 correct1 ! *>ge ( ,calv9ism w\ld h to be rais$ aga9/ ,article ,,xi z well z aga9/ ,article ,,ii4 ,9 a simil> mann] ! ,second ,article confirms ! ,elev5? by corroborat+ its anti-,calv9i/ic tea*+ ( univ]sal grace & r$emption2 ( man's responsibility = 8 own damnation2 ( man's conv]sion1 n by compulsion or co]cion1 etc4 ,! ,second ,article mo/ emphatically tea*es ! sola gratia1 b )\t 9 any way limit+1 violat+1 or encroa*+ ^u1 univ]sal grace4 ,x is n m]ely oppos$ to ,pelagian1 ,semi-,pelagian & syn]gi/ic errors1 b to ,/oic & ,calv9i/ic ab]rations z well4 ,:ile x is n ! special object ( ! ,second ,article to set =? ! univ]sality ( ,god's grace1 its anti-,calv9i/ic attitude is nev]!less ev]y:]e app>5t4 ,article ,,ii pla9ly tea*es t x is n ,god's w t anyone %\ld be damn$1 b t all m5 %\ld be conv]t$ to ,him & be sav$ et]nally4 ,ezek4 #cc1 #aa3 ',z ,i live4' 7#ija1 #di47 ,x tea*es t ,*ri/1 9 :om we are *os51 (f]s to all m5 ,8 grace 9 ! ,^w & holy ,sacram5ts1 & wi%es e>ne/ly t x be he>d1 & has promis$ t :]e two or ?ree are ga!r$ toge!r 9 ,8 "n1 & are occupi$ ) ,8 holy ,^w1 ,he w be 9 _! mid/4 7#ijc1 #eg47 ,x ma9ta9s t ?r\gh ! ,gospel ! ,holy ,gho/ (f]s man grace & salvation1 effects conv]sion ?r\gh ! prea*+ & he>+ ( ,god's ,^w1 & is pres5t ) ?is ,^w 9 ord] to conv]t m54 7#ghg1 #d;ff42 #hhi1 #ah47 ,x holds t all :o wi% to be sav$ ought to he> ?is prea*+1 because ! prea*+ & he>+ ( ,god's ,^w are ! in/rum5ts ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 by1 )1 & ?r\gh :i* ,he desires to "w efficaci\sly1 & to conv]t m5 to ,god1 & to "w 9 !m bo? to w & to d4 7#ija1 #eb;ff47 ,x admoni%es t no "o %\ld d\bt t ! p[] & efficacy ( ! ,holy ,gho/ is pres5t )1 & efficaci\s 91 ! ,^w :5 x is prea*$ purely & li/5$ to att5tively1 & t we %\ld base our c]ta9ty conc]n+ ! pres5ce1 op]ation1 & gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/ n on our feel+1 b on ! promise t ! ,^w ( ,god prea*$ & he>d is truly an (fice & "w ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 by :i* ,he is c]ta9ly efficaci\s & works 9 our he>ts1 #b ,cor4 #b1 #ad;ff42 #c1 #e;ff4 tr4 note3 sic on punctuation 7#ijc1 #ef47 ,x ass]ts t m5 :o refuse to he> ! ,^w ( ,god are n conv]t$ because !y despis$ ! in/rum5t ( ! ,holy ,_s & w\ld n he> 7#ijc1 #eh72 t ,god does n =ce m5 to become godly2 t ^? :o always resi/ ! ,holy ,gho/ & p]si/5tly oppose ! kn[n tru? are n conv]t$ 7#ije1 #fj74 ,if1 !re=e1 ! inf]5ce 7 correct t ! doctr9e ( univ]sal grace involv$ a d5ial ( ! sola gratia1 !n ! *>ge ( syn]gism w\ld h to be rais$ aga9/ ,article ,,ii z well z aga9/ ,article ,,xi4 ,bo? articles w always /& & fall toge!r2 = bo? tea* t ! grace ( ,god is ! only cause ( our conv]sion & salvation1 & t ?is grace is truly univ]sal4 #bca4 ,my/]y 9 ,doctr9e ( ,grace4 ,! second *>ge rais$ by ,calv9i/s & ,syn]gi/s aga9/ ! ,=mula ( ,concord is its failure to h>monize logically :at !y t]m contradictory doctr9es3 sola gratia & univ]salis gratia1 --a /ricture :i* mu/ be *>act]iz$ z fl[+ f rationali/ic premises1 mi/ak+ a div9e my/]y = a real contradiction1 & 9 reality direct$ aga9/ ! cle> ,^w ( ,god itself4 ,says ,s*aff1 :o also 9 ?is po9t voices ! views ( ,calv9i/s z well z ,syn]gi/s3 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord sanction$ a compromise betwe5 ,augu/9ianism & univ]salism1 or betwe5 ! orig9al ,lu!r & ! lat] ,melan*?on1 by tea*+ bo? ! absolute inability ( man & ! univ]sality ( div9e grace1 )\t an attempt to solve ^! contradictory positions4 7#cjd47 ,?us ! p>ticul>ism ( election & ! univ]salism ( vocation1 ! absolute inability ( fall5 man1 & ! guilt ( ! unbeliev] = reject+ :at he _c accept1 are illogically comb9$4 7#a1 #ccj47 ,! real *>ge "h rais$ aga9/ ! ,=mula ( ,concord is1 t x fails to modify ! doctr9es ( sola gratia or univ]salis gratia 9 a mann] satisfactory to ! dem&s ( human reason2 = ,syn]gi/s & ,calv9i/s are agre$ t1 9 ! int]e/ ( rational h>mony1 "o or ! o!r mu/ be ab&on$1 ei!r univ]salis gratia s]ia et efficax1 or sola gratia4 ,9 judg+ ( ! *>ge 9 "q1 x %\ld n be ov]look$ t1 accord+ to ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 all ,*ri/ians1 !ologians includ$1 are b\nd to d]ive _! entire doctr9e f ! ,bible alone2 t matt]s ( fai? mu/ be decid$ exclusively by cle> passages ( ,holy ,scripture1 t human reason ought n 9 any po9t to criticize & "l x ov] ! infallible ,^w ( ,god2 t reason mu/ be subject$ to ! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/1 & d>e n h9d] fai? 9 believ+ ! div9e te/imonies ev5 :5 !y seem+ly contradict ea* o!r4 ,we are n comm&$ to h>monize1 says ! ,=mula1 b to believe1 confess1 def5d1 & fai?fully to adh]e to ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible4 7#ajgh1 #eb;ff47 ,9 ! doctr9e ( conv]sion & salvation1 !re=e1 ,lu!rans confess bo? ! sola gratia & ! univ]salis gratia1 because !y are conv9c$ t bo? are cle>ly taught 9 ! ,bible1 & t to reject or modify ei!r ( !m w\ld am\nt to a criticism ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 & h5ce ( ,god ,himself4 ,syn]gi/s diff] f ,lu!rans1 n 9 ma9ta9+ univ]sal grace 7:i* 9 reality !y d5y z to int5tion z well z ext5sion1 = !y corrupt ! ,scriptural cont5t ( grace by mak+ x dep5d5t on man's conduct1 & !reby limit its ext5sion to su* only z comply ) its conditions71 b 9 d5y+ ! sola gratia1 & tea*+ t ! w ( man ent]s conv]sion z a factor alongside ( grace4 ,& ,calv9i/s diff] f ,lu!rans n 9 ma9ta9+ ! sola gratia1 b 9 d5y+ univ]sal grace4 ,b :ile1 9 accordance ) ! cle> ,^w ( ,god1 fai?fully adh]+ to bo? ! sola gratia & univ]salis gratia1 & firmly ma9ta9+ t :oev] is sav$ is sav$ by grace alone1 & :oev] is lo/ is lo/ ?r\gh 8 own fault alone1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord at ! same "t fully ackn[l$ges ! difficulty pres5t+ itself to human reason :5 we hold fa/ to ?is tea*+4 ,9 p>ticul>1 x admits t ! "q1 n answ]$ 9 ! ,bible1 viz41 :y "s are sav$ :ile o!rs are lo/1 embraces a my/]y :i* we lack ! means & ability ( solv+1 z well z ! data4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,=mula also makes no ef=ts :atev] to h>monize !m1 b r disc\nt5ances & w>ns aga9/ all attempts to cat] to human reason 9 ?is respect1 & insi/s t bo? doctr9es be ma9ta9$ intact & taught conjo9tly4 ,lu!rans are fully satisfi$ t "h e ef=t at rational h>monization _c b lead ei!r to ,calv9i/ic corruption ( univ]sal grace or to syn]gi/ic modification ( sola gratia4 ,?us ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* n only admits1 b zeal\sly gu>ds1 ! my/]y conta9$ 9 ! doctr9e ( grace & election4 ,x di/+ui%es betwe5 ,god 9 z f> z ,he is kn[n & n kn[n2 9 z f> z ,he has reveal$ ,himself1 & 9 z f> z ,he is /ill hidd5 to u1 b z we %all le>n to "k ,him h]eaft]4 ,! tru?s :i* may be kn[n conc]n+ ,god are conta9$ 9 ! ,gospel1 reveal$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,! ?+s /ill hidd5 f u include ! unse>*able judgm5ts ( ,god1 ,8 wond]ful ways ) m51 &1 9 p>ticul>1 ! "q :y "s are sav$ :ile o!rs are lo/4 ,god has n se5 fit to reveal ^! my/]ies4 ,& s9ce reason _c se>* or fa?om ,god1 man's que/ = an answ] is bo? presumptu\s & va94 ,t is to say1 we are utt]ly unable to uncov] ! div9e c\nsels1 :i* w\ld %[ t ! my/]i\s judgm5ts & ways proce$+ f !m are 9 complete h>mony ) ! univ]sal grace proclaim$ by ! ,gospel4 ,yet ,lu!rans believe t ! hidd5 ,god is n 9 real conflict ) ,god z reveal$ 9 ! ,bible1 & t ! secret w ( ,god does n 9 ! lea/ invalidate ! graci\s w ( ! ,gospel4 ,accord+ to ! ,=mula ( ,concord !re are no real contradictions 9 ,god2 9 ,him ev]y?+ is yea & am52 ,8 v be+ is pure reality & tru?4 ,h5ce1 :5 rely+ on ,god z reveal$ 9 ,*ri/1 t is to say1 rely+ on grace :i* is pure grace only & at ! same "t grace = all1 ,*ri/ians may be assur$ t !re is absolutely no?+ 9 ! unkn[n ,god1 i4e41 9 z f> z ,he has n reveal$ ,himself to !m1 :i* might subv]t _! simple fai? 9 ,8 graci\s promises4 ,! face ( ,god depict$ 9 ! ,gospel is ! true face ( ,god4 ,:oev] has se5 ,*ri/ has se5 ! ,fa!r z ,he is 9 reality4 ,inde$1 also ! hidd5 ,god1 toge!r ) ,8 secret c\nsels1 unse>*able judgm5ts1 & ways pa/ f9d+ out1 ev5 ! maje/ic ,god1 9 :om we live & move & h our be+1 ! ,god :o has all ?+s well 9 h&1 & )\t :om no?+ c be or occur1 mu/1 9 ! light ( ! ,scriptures1 be view$ z an additional gu>antee t1 9 spite ( all cont+5cies1 ! m]ciful div9e promises ( ! ,gospel %all /& firm & immovable4 ,^u et]nal election1 says ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 our salvation is s firmly f\nd$ 't ! gates ( hell _c prevail aga9/ x4' 7#ajfe1 #h47 ,z = u1 !re=e1 x rema9s our joy\s privilege n to inve/igate :at ,god has )held f u or to climb into ! adyton ( ,god's transc5d5t maje/y1 b m]ely to rely on1 & securely tru/ 91 ! bless$ ,gospel1 :i* proclaims grace = all & salvation by grace alone1 & tea*es t :oev] is sav$ mu/ praise ,god alone = x1 :ile :oev] is damn$ mu/ blame only himself4 ,reg>d+ ! my/]y involv$ 9 pr$e/9ation1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord expla9s3 ,a di/9ction mu/ be obs]v$ ) especial c>e betwe5 t :i* is expressly reveal$ conc]n+ x pr$e/9ation 9 ,god's ,^w & :at is n reveal$4 ,= 9 addition to :at has be5 reveal$ 9 ,*ri/ conc]n+ ?is1 ( :i* we h hi!rto spok51 ,god has /ill kept secret & conceal$ mu* conc]n+ ?is my/]y1 & res]v$ x = ,8 wisdom & k alone1 :i* we %\ld n inve/igate1 nor %\ld we indulge our ?\ghts 9 ?is matt]1 nor draw conclusions nor inquire curi\sly1 b %\ld adh]e to ! reveal$ ,^w4 ,?is admonition is mo/ urg5tly ne$$4 ,= our curiosity has always mu* m pleasure 9 conc]n+ itself ) ^! matt]s inve/igat+ ?+s ab/ruse & hidd5 ?an ) :at ,god has reveal$ to u conc]n+ ?is 9 ,8 ,^w1 because we _c h>monize x _c by ! acum5 ( our natural ability h>monize ! intricate & involv$ ?+s occurr+ 9 ?is my/]y1 :i*1 moreov]1 we h n be5 comm&$ to d4 ,! ,=mula enum]ates z su* inscrutable my/]ies3 ,:y ,god gives ,8 ,^w at "o place1 b n at ano!r2 :y ,he removes x f "o place1 & all[s x to rema9 at ano!r2 :y "o is h>d5$1 :ile ano!r1 :o is 9 ! same guilt1 is conv]t$ aga94 ,su* & simil> que/ions1 says ! ,=mula1 we _c answ] & mu/ n endeavor to solve4 ,on ! contr>y1 we are to adh]e unfl9*+ly to bo? tru?s1 viz41 t ^? :o are conv]t$ are sav$1 n because !y are bett] ?an o!rs1 b by pure grace alone2 & t ^? :o are n conv]t$ & n sav$ _c accuse ,god ( any neglect or inju/ice b are lo/ by _! own fault4 ,! ,=mula concludes its p>agraphs on ! my/]ies 9 pr$e/9ation by say+3 ,:5 we proce$ ?us f> 9 ?is article ma9ta9+ t ,god alone is ! cause ( man's salvation & man alone is ! cause ( 8 damnation1 & refus+ to solve ! problems involv$1 we rema9 on ! "r safe & royal way1 z x is writt5 ,hos4 #ac1 #i3 ',o ,israel1 ?\ ha/ de/roy$ ?yself2 b 9 ,me is ?y help4' ,h[ev]1 z reg>ds ^! ?+s 9 ?is disputation :i* w\ld so> too high & beyond ^! limits1 we %\ld1 ) ,paul1 place ! f+] ^u our lips1 rememb] & say1 ,rom4 #i1 #bj3 ',o man1 :o art ?\ t replie/ aga9/ ,god8' 7#ajgh1 #eb;ff47 #bcb4 ,pr$e/9ation a ,com=t+ ,article4 ,*ri/ian doctr9es1 or doctr9es ( ! ,*ur*1 are su* only z are 9 exact h>mony ) ! ,scriptures4 ,!y alone1 too1 are able to s]ve ! purpose = :i* ! ,scriptures are giv51 viz41 to conv]t & save s9n]s1 & to com=t tr\bl$ ,*ri/ians4 ,scriptural doctr9es are always pr(itable1 & detrim5tal doctr9es are nev] ,scriptural4 ,?is is true also ( ! article ( et]nal election4 ,x is a truly edify+ doctr9e z also ! ,=mula ( ,concord is solicit\s to expla94 7#ajib1 #hi;ff47 ,h[ev]1 x is com=t+ only :5 taught 9 its purity1 i4e41 :5 pres5t$ & pres]v$ 9 /rict adh]5ce to ! ,bible2 t is to say1 :5 bo? ! sola gratia & gratia univ]salis are kept inviolate4 ,:5ev] ! doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation causes despair or c>nal security1 x has be5 ei!r misrepres5t$ or misund]/ood4 ,9 ! introductory p>agraphs ( ,article ,,xi we read3 ,= ! doctr9e conc]n+ ?is article1 if taught f1 & accord+ to ! patt]n ( ! div9e ,^w1 nei!r c nor %\ld be reg>d$ z useless or unnecess>y1 mu* less z (f5sive or injuri\s1 because ! ,holy ,scriptures n only 9 b "o place & incid5tally1 b 9 _m places ?or\ghly treat & urge ! same4 ,moreov]1 we %\ld n neglect or reject ! doctr9e ( ! div9e ,^w on acc\nt ( abuse or misund]/&+1 b precisely on t acc\nt1 9 ord] to av]t all abuse & misund]/&+ ! true mean+ %\ld & mu/ be expla9$ f ! f\ndation ( ! ,scriptures4 7#ajfc1 #b2 #ajfg1 #ac47 ,if x is treat$ prop]ly1 says also ! ,epitome1 ! doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation is a consolatory article 7#hcj1 #a72 t is to say1 if pr$e/9ation is view$ 9 ! light ( ! ,gospel1 & p>ticul>ly1 if sola gratia z well z gratia univ]salis are kept inviolate4 ,outside ( ,god's revelation 9 ! ,gospel !re is no true & :olesome k :atev] conc]n+ election1 b m]e noxi\s human dreams4 ,& :5 ! univ]sality ( grace is d5i$1 x is impossible = any "o to "k :e!r he is elect$1 & :e!r ! grace spok5 ( 9 ! ,gospel is int5d$ = or belongs to him4 ,!re=e1 says ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 if we wi% to consid] our et]nal election to salvation ) pr(it1 we mu/ 9 e way hold /urdily & firmly to ?is1 t1 z ! prea*+ ( rep5tance1 s also ! promise ( ! ,gospel is univ]salis 7univ]sal71 t is1 x p]ta9s to all m51 ,luke #bd1 #dg1 etc4 7#ajga1 #bh47 ,by d5y+ t univ]sal grace is meant s]i\sly & disc\nt+ ! univ]sal promises ( ! ,gospel1 ! necess>y consolatory f\ndation is r5d]$ altoge!r unc]ta9 & void1 z we are daily rem9d$ & admoni%$ t only f ,god's ,^w1 ?r\gh :i* ,he treats ) u & calls u1 we are to le>n & conclude :at ,8 w t[>d u is1 & t we %\ld believe & n d\bt :at x affirms to u & promises4 7#ajge1 #cf47 ,if ,god _c be tru/$ 9 ,8 univ]sal promises1 absolutely no?+ 9 ! ,bible c be reli$ ^u4 ,a doctr9e ( election f :i* univ]sal grace is elim9at$1 necess>ily leads to despair or to contumaci\sness & c>nal security4 ,calv9 0 "r :5 he designat$ 8 pr$e/9ation !ory1 :i* d5ies univ]sal grace1 a horrible decree4 ,x left him )\t any objective f\ndation :atev] ^u :i* to re/ 8 fai? & hope4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ! doctr9e ( election & grace is modifi$ syn]gi/ically1 no "o c "k = c]ta9 :e!r he has really be5 p>don$ & w be sav$ f9ally1 because "h salvation is n exclusively bas$ on ! sure & immovable grace & promises ( ,god1 b1 at lea/ 9 "p1 on man's own d\btful conduct--a rott5 plank :i* c s]ve nei!r foot = safely cross+ ! great abyss ( s9 & dea?4 ,only :5 pres5t$ & taught 9 /rict adh]5ce to ! ,bible is ! doctr9e ( election & grace fully qualifi$ to eng5d] div9e c]ta9ty ( our pres5t adoption & f9al salvation z well1 s9ce x assures u t ,god s9c]ely desires to save all m5 7u includ$71 t ,he alone does1 & has promis$ to d1 ev]y?+ p]ta9+ !reto1 & t no?+ is able to ?w>t ,8 promises1 s9ce ,he :o made !m & confirm$ !m ) an oa? is none o!r ?an ! maje/ic ,god ,himself4 ,accord+ly1 :5 ,calv9i/s & ,syn]gi/s criticize ! ,=mula ( ,concord = n h>moniz+ 7modify+ 9 ! int]e/ ( rational h>mony7 ! cle> doctr9es ( ! ,bible1 :i* !y br& z contradictions1 !y m]ely display _! own conflict+1 unt5able position4 ,= :ile pr(ess+ to foll[ ! ,scriptures1 !y at ! same "t dem& t its doctr9es be correct$ accord+ to ! dictate ( reason1 ?us pla9ly reveal+ t _! !ology is n f\nd$ on ! ,bible1 b ori5tat$ 9 rationalism1 ! true ultimate pr9ciple ( ,calv9ism z well z syn]gism4 ,9 ! la/ analysis1 !re=e1 ! *>ge ( inconsi/5cy aga9/ ! ,=mula ( ,concord is tantam\nt to an indirect admission t ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* is bo? a consi/5tly ,scriptural & a truly evangelical ,*ur*4 ,consi/5tly ,scriptural1 because x receives 9 simple fai? & ) implicit ob$i5ce e cle> ,^w ( ,god1 all c\nt]-argum5ts to ! contr>y not)/&+4 ,truly evangelical1 because 9 adh]+ ) unsw]v+ loyalty to ! seem+ly contradictory1 b truly ,scriptural doctr9e ( grace1 x s]ves ! purpose ( ! ,scriptures1 :i*--praise ! ,"l--is none o!r ?an to save1 edify1 & com=t poor disconsolate s9n]s4 #bcc4 ,/atem5ts ( ,article ,,xi on ,consolation ,(f]$ by ,pr$e/9ation4 ,! purpose ( ! entire ,scripture1 says ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 is to com=t p5it5t s9n]s4 ,if we !re=e abide by1 & cleave to1 pr$e/9ation z x is reveal$ to u 9 ,god's ,^w1 x is a v useful1 salut>y1 consolatory doctr9e4 ,e pres5tation ( et]nal election1 h[ev] :i* produces c>nal security or despair1 is false4 ,we read3 ,if any "o pres5ts ! doctr9e conc]n+ ! graci\s election ( ,god 9 su* a mann] t tr\bl$ ,*ri/ians _c d]ive com=t f x1 b are !reby incit$ to despair1 or t ! imp5it5t are confirm$ 9 _! wantonness1 x is und\bt$ly sure & true t su* a doctr9e is taught1 n accord+ to ! ,^w & w ( ,god1 b accord+ to ! bl9d judgm5t ( human reason & ! in/igation ( ! devil4 ,=1 z ! apo/le te/ifies1 ,rom4 #ae1 #d3 ',:atsoev] ?+s 7 writt5 a=etime 7 writt5 = our le>n+1 t we ?r\gh pati5ce & com=t ( ! ,scriptures might h hope4' ,b :5 ?is consolation & hope are weak5$ or entirely remov$ by ,scripture1 x is c]ta9 t x is und]/ood & expla9$ contr>y to ! w & mean+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 7#ajic1 #ia;f41 #hcg1 #af2 #ajgg1 #dc47 ,pr$e/9ation is com=t+ :5 ,*ri/ians are taught to seek _! election 9 ,*ri/4 ,we read3 ,moreov]1 ?is doctr9e gives no "o a cause ei!r = despond5cy or = a %ameless1 dissolute life1 namely1 :5 m5 are taught t !y mu/ seek et]nal election 9 ,*ri/ & ,8 holy ,gospel1 z 9 ! ,book ( ,life1 :i* excludes no p5it5t s9n]1 b beckons & calls all ! poor1 heavy-lad51 & tr\bl$ s9n]s :o are di/urb$ by ! s5se ( ,god's wra?1 to rep5tance & ! k ( _! s9s & to fai? 9 ,*ri/1 & promises ! ,holy ,gho/ = purification & r5ewal1 & ?us gives ! mo/ endur+ consolation to all tr\bl$1 afflict$ m51 t !y "k t _! salvation is n plac$ 9 _! own h&s 7= o!rwise !y w\ld lose x mu* m easily ?an 0 ! case ) ,adam & ,eve 9 ,p>adise1 yea1 e h\r & mom5t71 b 9 ! graci\s election ( ,god :i* ,he has reveal$ to u 9 ,*ri/1 out ( ^: h& no man %all pluck u1 ,john #aj1 #bh2 #b ,tim4 #b1 #ai4 7#ajic1 #hi47 ,9 ord] to manife/ its consolatory p[] pr$e/9ation mu/ be pres5t$ 9 prop] relation to ! reveal$ ord] ( salvation4 ,we read3 ,) ?is reveal$ w ( ,god ,8 univ]sal1 graci\s promises 9 ! ,gospel we %\ld conc]n ourselves1 foll[ & be dilig5tly engag$ ^u x1 because ?r\gh ! ,^w1 :]eby ,he calls u1 ! ,holy ,gho/ be/[s grace1 p[]1 & ability to ?is end to beg9 & complete our salvation1 & %\ld n attempt to s\nd ! abyss ( ,god's hidd5 pr$e/9ation1 z x is writt5 9 ,luke #ac1 #bd1 :]e "o asks3 ',"l1 are !re few t be sav$8' & ,*ri/ answ]s3 ',/rive to ent] 9 at ! /rait gate4' ,accord+ly1 ,lu!r says 9 8 ,preface to ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans3 ',foll[ ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans 9 its ord]1 conc]n y\rself fir/ ) ,*ri/ & ,8 ,gospel1 t y may recognize y\r s9s & ,8 grace2 next t y cont5d ) s91 z ,paul tea*es f ! fir/ to ! eigh? *apt]2 !n1 :5 9 ! eigh? *apt] y w come into w h be5 ex]cis$ by temptation "u ! cross & afflictions1--?is w tea* y 9 ! n9?1 t5?1 & elev5? *apt]s h[ consolatory pr$e/9ation is1' etc4 7#ajgc1 #cc47 ,pr$e/9ation1 prop]ly taught1 af=ds ! glori\s com=t t no "o %all pluck u out ( ! almighty h&s ( ,*ri/4 ,! ,=mula says3 ,?us ?is doctr9e af=ds also ! excell5t glori\s consolation t ,god 0 s greatly conc]n$ ab\t ! conv]sion1 righte\sness1 & salvation ( e ,*ri/ian1 & s fai?fully purpos$ x provid$ !re= t be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w 0 laid1 ,he delib]at$ conc]n+ x1 & 9 ,8 secret purpose orda9$ h[ ,he w\ld br+ me !reto call & lead me to salvation1 & pres]ve me !re94 ,also1 t ,he wi%$ to secure my salvation s well & c]ta9ly t1 s9ce ?r\gh ! weakness & wick$ness ( our fle% x c\ld easily be lo/ f our h&s1 or ?r\gh craft & might ( ! devil & ! _w be snat*$ & tak5 f u1 ,he orda9$ x 9 ,8 et]nal purpose1 :i* _c fail or be ov]?r[n1 & plac$ x = pres]vation 9 ! almighty h& ( our ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/1 f :i* no "o c pluck u1 ,john #aj1 #bh4 ,h5ce ,paul also says1 ,rom4 #h1 #bh4 #ci3 ',because we h be5 call$ accord+ to ! purpose ( ,god1 :o w sep>ate u f ! love ( ,god 9 ,*ri/8' ,paul builds ! c]ta9ty ( our bless$ness ^u ! f\ndation ( ! div9e purpose1 :51 f our be+ call$ accord+ to ! purpose ( ,god1 he inf]s t no "o c sep>ate u1 etc4 7#ajgi1 #de47 ,?is article also af=ds a glori\s te/imony t ! ,*ur* ( ,god w exi/ & abide 9 opposition to all ! gates ( hell1 & likewise tea*es :i* is ! true ,*ur* ( ,god1 le/ we be (f5d$ by ! great au?ority & maje/ic appe>ance ( ! false ,*ur*1 ,rom4 #i1 #bd4 #be4 7#ajgi1 #ej47 ,especially 9 temptations & tribulations ! doctr9e ( et]nal election reveals its com=t+ p[]4 ,we read3 ,moreov]1 ?is doctr9e af=ds glori\s consolation "u ! cross & amid temptations1 namely1 t ,god 9 ,8 c\nsel1 be=e ! "t ( ! _w det]m9$ & decre$ t ,he w\ld assi/ u 9 all di/resses anxieties & p]plexities1 grant pati5ce1 give consolation1 excite n\ri% & enc\rage hope1 & produce su* an outcome z w\ld contribute to our salvation4 ,also1 z ,paul 9 a v consolatory way treats ?is1 ,rom4 #h1 #bh4 #bi4 #ce4 #ch4 #ci1 t ,god 9 ,8 purpose has orda9$ be=e ! "t ( ! _w by :at crosses & suff]+s ,he w\ld con=m e "o ( ,8 elect to ! image ( ,8 ,son1 & t to e "o 8 cross %all & mu/ "w toge!r = good1 because !y are call$ accord+ to ! purpose1 :5ce ,paul has conclud$ t x is c]ta9 & indubitable t nei!r tribulation nor di/ress1 nor dea?1 nor life1 etc41 %all be able to sep>ate u f ! love ( ,god :i* is 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 our ,"l4 7#ajgi1 #dh47 ,,xxi4 ,lu!r & ,article ,,xi ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 #bcd4 ,lu!r ,falsely ,*>g$ ) ,calv9ism4 ,calv9i/s & ,syn]gi/s h always cont5d$ t ,lu!r's orig9al doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation 0 ess5tially id5tical ) t ( ,john ,calv94 ,melan*?on 0 among ! fir/ :o rais$ a *>ge to ?is effect4 ,9 8 ,op9ion to ,elector ,augu/1 dat$ ,m>* #i1 #aeei1 we read3 ,dur+ ,lu!r's life & aft]w>ds ,i reject$ ^! ,/oic & ,mani*ean deliria1 :5 ,lu!r & o!rs wrote3 ,all works1 good & bad1 9 all m51 good & bad1 mu/ occur z !y d4 ,n[ x is app>5t t su* spee* contradicts ! ,^w ( ,god1 is detrim5tal to all discipl9e & blasphemes ,god4 ,!re=e ,i h s$ul\sly made a di/9ction1 %[+ to :at ext5t man has a free w to obs]ve outw>d discipl9e1 also be=e reg5]ation1 etc4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #gff47 ,in/ead ( ref]r+ to 8 own e>ly /atem5ts1 :i* 7 liable to mis9t]pretation m ?an any?+ t ,lu!r _h writt51 ,melan*?on dis+5u\sly m5tions ,lu!r1 ^: real mean+ he misrepres5ts & probably _h nev] fully grasp$4 ,! true reason :y ,melan*?on *>g$ ,lu!r & 8 loyal adh]5ts ) ,/oicism 0 8 own syn]gi/ic dep>ture f ! ,lu!ran doctr9e ( orig9al s9 & ( salvation by grace alone4 ,foll[+ ,melan*?on1 rationaliz+ ,syn]gi/s ev]y:]e h always held t )\t ab&on+ ,lu!r's doctr9e ( orig9al s9 & ( ! gratia sola !re is no escape f ,calv9ism4 ,9 ?is po9t ,re=m$ !ologians agree ) ! ,syn]gi/s1 & h !re=e always claim$ ,lu!r z _! ally4 ,i4 ,muell] decl>$ 9 ,lu!ri de ,pra$e/ionatione et ,lib]o ,arbitrio ,doctr9a ( #ahcb3 ,z to ! *ief po9t 7quod ad caput rei att9et71 ,zw+li's view ( pr$e/9ation is 9 h>mony ) ,lu!r's ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio4 ,9 8 ,z5traldogm5 ( #ahed ,alex&] ,s*weiz] endeavor$ to prove t ! id5tical doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation 0 orig9ally ! c5tral dogma ( ! ,lu!ran z well z ( ! ,zw+lian re=mation4 ,x is n s mu* ! dogma ( pr$e/9ation itself1 said he 7#a1 #dde71 z its position :i* is 9 dispute among ,lu!rans & ,calv9i/s4 ,s*weiz] 7#a1 #dhc7 bas$ 8 ass]tion on ! false assumption t ! doctr9es ( ! captive w & ( absolute pr$e/9ation d5ial ( univ]sal grace are two halves ( ! same r+4 7,frank #a1 #ab4 #aah4 #abh2 #d1 #bfb47 ,simil> cont5tions 7 made 9 ,am]ica by ,s*aff1 ,hodge1 ,%$d1 & o!r ,re=m$ !ologians4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 also 9 ! doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation ,zw+li & ,calv9 7 j z f> & z fundam5tally ap>t f ,lu!r z _! entire rationali/ic !ology diff]$ f ! simple & implicit ,scripturalism ( ,lu!r4 ,frank truly says t ! agreem5t betwe5 ,lu!r's doctr9e & t ( ,zw+li & ,calv9 is only speci\s1 nur s*e9b>4 7#a1 #aah47 ,ts*ack]t rem>ks3 ,:oev] among ! !ologians be=e ! ,=mula ( ,concord 0 acqua9t$ ) ! facts c\ld n b see t 9 ?is doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation !re 0 a f>-rea*+ diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,lu!ran & ! ,calv9i/ic !ology4 7#eei47 ,f4 ,piep] decl>es t ,lu!r & ,calv9 agree only 9 c]ta9 expressions1 b diff] entirely z to sub/ance4 7,dogm4 #c1 #eed47 ,! ,visitation ,articles1 adopt$ #aeib z a norm ( doctr9e = ,electoral ,saxony1 enum]ate ! foll[+ propositions on ,pr$e/9ation & ! ,et]nal ,provid5ce ( ,god :i* mu/ be upheld ov] aga9/ ! ,calv9i/s z ! pure & true doctr9e ( our ,lu!ran *ur*es3 #a4 ,t ,*ri/ has di$ = all m51 & z ! ,lamb ( ,god has borne ! s9s ( ! :ole _w4 #b4 ,t ,god creat$ no "o = condemnation1 b w h all m5 to be sav$1 & to come to ! k ( ! tru?4 ,he comm&s all to he> ,8 ,son ,*ri/ 9 ! ,gospel1 & promises by x ! p[] & work+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ = conv]sion & salvation4 #c4 ,t _m m5 are condemn$ by _! own guilt :o are ei!r unwill+ to he> ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/1 or aga9 fall f grace1 by error aga9/ ! f\ndation or by s9s aga9/ consci5ce4 #d4 ,t all s9n]s :o rep5t are receiv$ into grace & no "o is exclud$1 ev5 ?\gh 8 s9s 7 z sc>let1 s9ce ,god's m]cy is mu* great] ?an ! s9s ( all ! _w1 & ,god has compassion on all ,8 works4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #aaec47 ,n "o ( ^! propositions1 :i* h always be5 reg>d$ z a summ>y ( ! ,lu!ran tea*+ 9 contradi/9ction f ,calv9ism1 0 ev] d5i$ by ,lu!r4 #bce4 ,summ>y ( ,lu!r's ,views4 ,lu!r di/+ui%$ betwe5 ! hidd5 & ! reveal$ or proclaim$ ,god1 ! secret & reveal$ w ( ,god2 ! maje/ic ,god 9 :om we live & move & h our be+1 & ,god manife/ 9 ,*ri/2 ,god's unse>*able judgm5ts & ways pa/ f9d+ out1 & ,8 m]ciful promises 9 ! ,gospel4 ,be+ truly ,god & n an idol1 ,god1 accord+ to ,lu!r1 is bo? actually omnipot5t & omnisci5t4 ,no?+ c exi/ or occur )\t ,8 p[]1 & ev]y?+ surely w occur z ,he has =ese5 x4 ,?is is true ( ! ?\ghts1 volitions1 & acts ( all ,8 creatures4 ,he w\ld n be ,god if !re 7 any p[] n d]iv$ f1 or suppli$ by ,him1 or if ! actual c\rse ( ev5ts c\ld annul ,8 decrees & /ultify ,8 k4 ,also ! devils & ! wick$ are n beyond ,8 control4 ,z = evil1 ?\gh ,god does n w or cause x1--=1 on ! contr>y1 ,he prohibits s9 & truly deplores ! dea? ( a s9n]--yet s9 & dea? c\ld nev] h ent]$ ! _w )\t ,8 p]mission4 ,also ! w ( fall5 man receives its p[] to w f ,god1 & its e resolve & consequ5t act proce$s j z ,god has =ese51 orda9$1 or p]mitt$ x4 ,! evil quality ( all su* acts1 h[ev]1 does n emanate f ,god1 b f ! corrupt w ( man4 ,h5ce free w1 :5 def9$ z ! p[] ( man to nullify & subv]t :at ,god's maje/y has =ese5 & decre$1 is a non5t1 a m]e empty title4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n involve t ! human w is co]c$ or compell$ to d evil1 nor does x exclude 9 fall5 man ! ability to *oose 9 matt]s temporal & subject to reason4 ,b :ile hold+ t we mu/ n d5y ! maje/y & ! my/]ies ( ,god1 ,lu!r did n reg>d ^!1 b ,*ri/ crucifi$ & ju/ification by fai? 9 ! promises ( ! ,gospel1 z ! true objects ( our conc]n4 ,nor does he1 z did ,calv91 employ pr$e/9ation z a corrective & regulative norm = int]pret+1 limit+1 invalidat+1 annull+1 or ca/+ d\bt ^u1 any ( ! bless$ tru?s ( ! ,gospel4 ,lu!r does n modify ! reveal$ w ( ,god 9 ord] to h>monize x ) ,god's sov]eignty4 ,he does n place ! hidd5 ,god 9 opposition to ! reveal$ ,god1 nor does he reject ! "o 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! o!r4 ,he d5ies nei!r ! reveal$ univ]sality ( ,god's grace1 ( ,*ri/'s r$emption1 & ( ! efficaci\sness ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! means ( grace1 nor ! unse>*able judgm5ts & ways ( ,god's maje/y4 ,ev5 ! ,re=m$ !ologian ,a4 ,s*weiz] admits z mu* :5 he says 9 8 ,z5traldogm5 7#a1 #dde73 ,9 ! ,zw+lio-,calv9ian type ( doctr9e1 pr$e/9ation is a dogma important z su* & regulat+ ! o!r doctr9es1 yea1 z ,m>tyr1 ,beza1 & o!rs say1 ! *ief "p ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e2 :ile 9 ! ,lu!ran type ( doctr9e x is m]ely a dogma support+ o!r1 m important c5tral doctr9es4 7,frank #d1 #bfd47 ,moreov]1 ,lu!r mo/ e>ne/ly w>ns aga9/ all speculations conc]n+ ! hidd5 ,god z futile1 fooli%1 presumptu\s1 & wick$4 ,! secret c\nsels1 judgm5ts1 & ways ( ,god _c & mu/ n be inve/igat$4 ,god's maje/y is unfa?omable1 ,8 judgm5ts are unse>*able1 ,8 ways pa/ f9d+ out4 ,h5ce1 !re is n1 & !re _c be1 any human k1 und]/&+1 or fai? :atev] conc]n+ ,god 9 s f> z ,he has n reveal$ ,himself4 ,= :ile ! fact t !re are inde$ su* ?+s z my/]ies1 unse>*able judgm5ts1 & incompreh5sible ways 9 ,god is pla9ly taught 9 ! ,bible1 _! nature1 _! h[1 :y1 & :]e=e1 has n be5 reveal$ to u & no am\nt ( human +5uity is able to supply ! defici5cy4 ,h5ce1 9 z f> z ,god is /ill hidd5 & veil$1 ,he _c s]ve z a norm by :i* we are able to regulate our fai? & life4 ,p>ticul>ly :5 consid]+ ! "q h[ ,god is dispos$ t[>d u individually1 we mu/ n take refuge 9 ! secret c\nsels ( ,god1 :i* reason _c spy & pry into4 ,accord+ to ,lu!r1 all human speculations conc]n+ ! hidd5 ,god are m]e diabolical inspirations1 b\nd to lead away f ! sav+ tru? ( ! ,gospel into despair & de/ruction4 ,:at ,god1 !re=e1 w\ld h m5 believe ab\t ,8 attitude t[>d !m1 mu/ accord+ to ,lu!r1 be le>n$ f ! ,gospel alone4 ,! ,bible tells u h[ ,god is dispos$ t[>d poor s9n]s1 & h[ ,he wants to deal ) !m4 ,n ,8 hidd5 maje/y1 b ,8 only-begott5 ,son1 born 9 ,be?lehem1 is ! div9ely appo9t$ object ( human inve/igation4 ,*ri/ crucifi$ is ,god manife/ & visible to m54 ,:oev] has se5 ,*ri/ has se5 ,god4 ,! ,gospel is ,god's only revelation to s9ful human be+s4 ,! ,bible1 ! m9i/ry ( ! ,^w1 ,baptism1 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 & absolution are ! only means ( kn[+ h[ ,god is dispos$ t[>d u4 ,to ^! alone ,god has direct$ u4 ,) ^! alone m5 %\ld occupy & conc]n !mselves4 ,& ! ,gospel be+ ! ,^w ( ,god1 ! k furni%$ !re9 is mo/ reliable4 ,al>m$ s9n]s may tru/ 9 its com=t+ promises ) firm assurance & unwav]+ confid5ce4 ,9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio ,lu!r e>ne/ly w>ns m5 n to inve/igate ! hidd5 ,god1 b to look to revelation = an answ] to ! "q h[ ,god is m9d$ t[>d !m1 & h[ ,he int5ds to deal ) !m4 ,9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis he ref]s to ?is admonition & repeats x1 prote/+ t he is innoc5t if any "o is misl$ to take a diff]5t c\rse4 ,i h add$ to ! /atem5ts 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio conc]n+ necessity & ! hidd5 ,god ,lu!r "h decl>es1 t we mu/ look ^u ! reveal$ ,god4 ,addidi1 quod aspici5dus sit ,deus revelatus4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #hih47 ,?is ,bible-revelation1 h[ev]1 by :i* alone ,lu!r w\ld h m5 guid$ 9 judg+ ,god1 pla9ly tea*es bo?1 t grace is univ]sal1 & t salvation is by grace alone4 ,lu!r always taught ! univ]sality ( ,god's love & m]cy1 z well z ( ,*ri/'s r$emption1 & ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! means ( grace4 ,also accord+ to ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio1 ,god wants all m5 to be sav$1 & does n wi% ! dea? ( s9n]s1 b deplores & endeavors to remove x4 ,lu!r fairly revels 9 su* texts z ,ezek4 #ah1 #bc & #ca1 #aa3 ,z ,i live1 sai? ! ,"l ,god1 ,i h no pleasure 9 ! dea? ( ! wick$1 b t ! wick$ turn f 8 way & live4 ,turn ye f y\r evil ways2 = :y w ye die1 ,o h\se ( ,israel8 ,he calls ! above a glori\s passage & t sweete/ ,gospel voice--illam vocem dulcissimi ,evangelii4 7,e4 v4 a4 #g1 #bah47 ,?us ,lu!r rejoic$ 9 univ]sal grace1 because x alone 0 able to conv9ce him t ! ,gospel promises embrac$ & includ$ also him4 ,9 l mann] he consid]$ ! doctr9e t salvation is by grace alone to be mo/ necess>y & mo/ com=t+4 ,)\t ?is tru? div9e assurance ( salvation is impossible1 ) x1 all d\bts ab\t ! f9al victory ( fai? are remov$4 ,lu!r 0 conv9c$ t1 if he 7 requir$ to contribute any?+ to 8 own conv]sion1 pres]vation1 & salvation1 he c\ld nev] atta9 ^! bless+s4 ,no?+ c save b ! grace :i* is grace alone4 ,9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio ev]y?+ is press$ into s]vice to disprove & explode ! ass]tion ( ,erasmus t ! human w is able to & does "w some?+ 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to salvation1 & to e/abli% ! mon]gism or sole activity ( grace 9 man's conv]sion4 7,/4 ,l4 #ah1 #afhf1 #afhh47 ,at ! same "t ,lu!r ma9ta9$ t man alone is at fault :5 he is lo/4 ,9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio he argues3 ,s9ce x is ,god's w t all m5 %\ld be sav$1 x mu/ be attribut$ to man's w if any "o p]i%es4 ,! cause ( damnation is unbelief1 :i* ?w>ts ! graci\s w ( ,god s cle>ly reveal$ 9 ! ,gospel4 ,! "q1 h[ev]1 :y "s are lo/ :ile o!rs are sav$1 ?\gh _! guilt is equal1 or :y ,god does n save all m51 s9ce x is grace alone t saves1 & s9ce grace is univ]sal1 ,lu!r decl9es to answ]4 ,moreov]1 he dem&s t we bo? ackn[l$ge & adore ! unse>*able judgm5ts ( ,god1 & at ! same "t firmly adh]e to ! ,gospel z reveal$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,all ef=ts to solve ?is my/]y or to h>monize ! hidd5 & ! reveal$ ,god1 ,lu!r d5\nces z folly & presumption4 ,yet ,lu!r ma9ta9s t ! conflict is seem+ r ?an real4 ,:atev] may be true ( ! maje/ic ,god1 x c]ta9ly _c annul or invalidate :at ,he has made kn[n ( ,himself 9 ! ,gospel4 ,!re are & c be no contradictory wills 9 ,god4 ,despite appe>ances to ! contr>y1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ians are firmly to believe t1 9 ,8 deal+s ) m51 ,god1 :o saves s few & damns s _m1 is nev]!less bo? truly m]ciful & j4 ,& :at we n[ believe we %all see h]eaft]4 ,:5 ! veil w h be5 lift$ & we %all "k ,god ev5 z we are kn[n by ,him1 !n we %all see ) our eyes no o!r face ( ,god ?an ! mo/ lovable "o :i* our fai? beheld 9 ,jesus4 ,! light ( glory w n correct b confirm1 ! tru?s ( ! ,bible1 & reveal ! fact t 9 all ,8 ways ,god 0 always 9 p]fect h>mony ) ,himself4 ,inde$1 accord+ to ,lu!r1 ! tru? conc]n+ ! maje/ic ,god1 9 :om we live & move & h our be+1 & )\t :om no?+ c be or occur1 9 a way s]ves bo? rep5tance & fai?4 ,x s]ves rep5tance & ! ,law inasmu* z x humbles man1 caus+ him to despair ( himself & ( ! p[]s ( 8 own unreg5]ate w4 ,x s]ves fai? inasmu* z x gu>antees ,god's m]ciful promises 9 ! ,gospel4 ,= if ,god is supreme1 z ,he truly is1 !n !re c be no?+ m reliable ?an ! cov5ant ( grace to :i* ,he has pl$g$ ,himself by an oa?4 ,& if ,god1 z ,he truly does1 controls all cont+5cies1 !n !re rema9s no room = any fe> :e!r ,he w be able to fulfil ,8 glori\s promises1 also ! promise t no?+ %all pluck u out ( ! h&s ( ,*ri/4--,su*1 ess5tially 0 ! tea*+ set =? by ,lu!r 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio & 9 8 o!r publications4 #bcf4 ,object ( ,lu!r's ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio4 ,! true scope ( ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio is to prove t man is sav$1 n by any ability or ef=ts ( 8 own1 b solely by grace4 ,lu!r says3 ,we are n argu+ ! "q :at we c d :5 ,god works moves u1 b :at we c d ourselves1 viz41 :e!r1 aft] be+ creat$ out ( no?+1 we c d or endeavor to d any?+ ?r\gh t g5]al movem5t ( omnipot5ce t[>d prep>+ ourselves = be+ a new creation ( ,8 ,_s4 ,?is "q %\ld h be5 answ]$1 in/ead ( turn+ aside to ano!r4 ,lu!r cont9ues3 ,we g on to say3 ,man1 be=e he is r5ew$ to become a new creature ( ! k+dom ( ! ,_s1 does no?+1 endeavors no?+1 t[>d prep>+ himself = r5ewal & ! k+dom2 & aft]w>ds1 :5 he has be5 creat$ anew1 he does no?+1 endeavors no?+1 t[>d pres]v+ himself 9 t k+dom2 b ! ,_s alone does ea* ( ^! ?+s 9 u1 bo? creat+ u anew )\t our coop]ation & pres]v+ u :5 recreat$1--ev5 z ,jas4 #a1 #ah says3 ',( ,8 own w begat ,he u by ! ,^w ( ,tru? t we %\ld be a k9d ( fir/fruits ( ,8 creatures1' ,he is speak+ "h ( ! r5ew$ creature4 7,e4 v4 a4 #g1 #cag2 ,/4 ,l4 #ah1 #aiji2 comp>e "h & 9 ! foll[+ quotations ,vaughan's ,m>t9 ,lu!r on ! ,bondage ( ! ,w1 ,london1 #ahbc47 ,man lacks also ! ability to d :at is good be=e ,god4 ,lu!r3 ,i reply3 ,! words ( ! ,prophet ,ps4 #ad1 #b3 ,! ,"l looke? d[n f heav5 ^u ! *ildr5 ( m5 to see if !re 7 any t did und]/& & seek ,god4 ,!y are all gone aside1 etc4 include bo? act & p[]2 & x is ! same ?+ to say1 ',man does n seek aft] ,god1' z x w\ld be to say1 ',man _c seek aft] ,god4' 7,e4 #ccj2 ,/4 ,l4 #aibc47 ,aga93 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 m5 are fle%1 z ,god ,himself te/ifies1 !y _c b be c>nally m9d$ 7nihil sap]e possunt nisi c>nem72 h5ce free w has p[] only to s94 ,& s9ce !y gr[ worse ev5 :5 ! ,_s ( ,god calls & tea*es !m1 :at w\ld !y d if left to !mselves1 )\t ! ,_s ( ,god8 7,e4 #bij2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahgf47 ,9 brief1 y w obs]ve 9 ,scripture t :]ev] fle% is treat$ 9 opposition to ! ,_s1 y may und]/& by fle% ab\t ev]y?+ t is contr>y to ! ,_s1 z 9 ! passage ,john #f1 #fc3 ',! fle% pr(ite? no?+4' 7,e4 #bia2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahgg47 ,?us also ,holy ,scripture1 by way ( emphasis 7p] epitas971 calls man 'fle%1' z ?\gh he 7 c>nality itself1 because 8 m9d is occupi$ ) no?+ b c>nal ?+s4 ,quod nimio ac nihil aliud sapit quam ea1 quae c>nis sunt4 7,e4 #cjb2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahij47 ,accord+ to ,lu!r !re is no su* ?+ z a neutral will+ 9 man4 ,he says3 ,x is a m]e logical fiction to say t !re is 9 man a neutral & pure volition 7m$ium et purum velle72 nor c ^? prove x :o ass]t x4 ,x 0 born ( ignorance ( ?+s & s]vile reg>d to words1 z if some?+ mu/ /raightway be su* 9 sub/ance z we /ate x to be 9 words1 :i* sort ( figm5ts are numb]less among ! ,sophi/s ,s*ola/ic !ologians4 ,! tru? ( ! matt] is /at$ by ,*ri/ :5 ,he says ,luke #aa1 #bc3 ',he t is n ) ,me is aga9/ ,me1' ,he does n say1 ',he t is nei!r ) ,me nor aga9/ ,me1 b 9 ! middle1' ,= if ,god be 9 u1 ,satan is abs5t1 & only ! w = good is pres5t ) u4 ,if ,god be abs5t1 ,satan is pres5t1 & !re is no w 9 u b t[>ds evil4 ,nei!r ,god nor ,satan all[s a m]e & pure volition 9 u2 b1 z y h rightly said1 hav+ lo/ our lib]ty1 we are compell$ to s]ve s92 t is s9 & wick$ness we w1 s9 & wick$ness we speak1 s9 & wick$ness we act4 7,e4 #aii2 ,/4 ,l4 #agfh47 ,9 support ( 8 d5ial ( man's ability 9 spiritual matt]s ,lu!r quotes num]\s ,bible-passages1 & ?or\ghly refutes z fallacies a debito ad posse1 etc41 ! argum5ts drawn by ,erasmus f m&atory & conditional passages ( ,scripture4 ,8 own argum5ts he summ>izes z foll[s3 ,= if we believe x to be true t ,god =ekn[s & preorda9s ev]y?+1 also1 t ,he c nei!r be deceiv$ nor h9d]$ 9 ,8 =ekn[l$ge & pr$e/9ation fur!rmore t no?+ occurs )\t ,8 w 7a tru? :i* reason itself is compell$ to conc$e71 !n1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ! selfsame reason1 !re c be no free w 9 man or angel or any creature4 ,likewise1 if we believe ,satan to be ! pr9ce ( ! _w1 :o is p]petually plott+ & fight+ aga9/ ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ ) all 8 might1 s t he does n release captive m5 unless he be driv5 out by ! div9e p[] ( ! ,_s1 x is aga9 manife/ t !re c be no su* ?+ z free w4 ,aga91 if we believe orig9al s9 to h s ru9$ u t1 by /riv+ aga9/ :at is good1 x makes mo/ tr\blesome "w ev5 = ^? :o are l$ by ! ,_s1 !n x is cle> t 9 man devoid ( ! ,_s no?+ is left :i* c turn itself to good1 b only :at turns itself to evil4 ,aga91 if ! ,jews1 foll[+ aft] righte\sness ) all _! might ru%$ =? into unrighte\sness1 & ! ,g5tiles1 :o 7 foll[+ aft] unrighte\sness1 h freely & unexpect+ly atta9$ to righte\sness1 x is likewise manife/1 ev5 by v de$ & exp]i5ce1 t man )\t grace c w no?+ b evil4 ,9 brief1 if we believe ,*ri/ to h r$eem$ man by ,8 blood1 !n we are compell$ to confess t ! :ole man 0 lo/2 else we %all make ,*ri/ ei!r sup]flu\s1 or ! ,r$eem] only ( ! vile/ "p ( man :i* is blasphem\s & sacrilegi\s4 7,e4 #cff2 ,/4 ,l4 #aifi47 #bcg4 ,relation ( ,man's ,w t[>d ,god's ,maje/y4 ,accord+ to ,lu!r man has p[] ov] ?+s b5ea? himself1 b n ov] ,god 9 ,8 maje/y4 ,we read3 ,we "k t man is con/itut$ "l ( ! ?+s b5ea? him1 ov] :i* he has p[] & free w1 t !y may obey him & d :at he wills & ?9ks4 ,b ! po9t ( our inquiry is :e!r he has a free w t[>d ,god1 s t ,god obeys & does :at man wills2 or1 :e!r x is n r ,god :o has a free w ov] man1 s t ! latt] wills & does :at ,god wills1 & c d no?+ b :at ,god has will$ & does4 ,"h ! ,bapti/ says t man c receive no?+ except x be giv5 him f heav53 :]e=e free w is no?+4 7,e4 #cei1 ,/4 ,l4 #aieg47 ,god z reveal$ 9 ! ,^w may1 accord+ to ,lu!r1 be oppos$ & resi/$ by man1 b n ,god 9 ,8 maje/y4 ,we read3 ,le/ any "o %\ld suppose ?is to be my own di/9ction1 let him "k t ,i foll[ ,paul1 :o writes to ! ,!ssalonians conc]n+ ,anti*ri/ 7#b ,!ss4 #b1 #d7 t he w exalt himself above e ,god t is proclaim$ & wor%ip$1 pla9ly indicat+ t "o may be exalt$ above ,god1 s f> z ,he is proclaim$ & wor%ip$1 t is1 above ! ,^w & wor%ip by :i* ,god is kn[n to u1 & ma9ta9s int]c\rse ) u4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 c be exalt$ above ,god z ,he is 9 ,8 nature & maje/y 7z n wor%ip$ & proclaim$72 r1 ev]y?+ is "u ,8 p[]ful h&4 7,e4 #bba2 ,/4 ,l4 #agid47 ,god 9 ,8 maje/y is supreme & man _c resi/ ,8 omnipot5ce1 nor ?w>t ,8 decrees1 nor foil ,8 plans1 nor r5d] ,8 omnisci5ce fallible4 ,lu!r3 ,= all m5 f9d ?is op9ion writt5 9 _! he>ts1 &1 :5 he>+ ?is matt] discuss$1 !y1 ?\gh aga9/ _! w1 ackn[l$ge & ass5t to x1 fir/1 t ,god is omnipot5t1 n only z reg>ds ,8 p[]1 b also1 z /at$ ,8 action2 else ,he w\ld be a ridicul\s ,god2 secondly1 t ,he kn[s & =ekn[s all ?+s1 & c nei!r err nor be deceiv$4 ,^! two ?+s1 h[ev]1 be+ conc$$ by ! he>ts & s5ses ( all m5 !y are pres5tly1 by an inevitable consequ5ce1 compell$ to admit t1 ev5 z we are n made by our own w1 b by necessity1 s likewise we d no?+ accord+ to ! "r ( free w1 b j z ,god has =ekn[n & acts by a c\nsel & an en]gy :i* is infallible & immutable4 ,s1 !n1 we f9d x writt5 9 all he>ts alike t free w def9$ z a p[] indep5d5t ( ,god's p[] is no?+1 al?\gh ?is writ+ 9 ! he>ts ( m5 be obscur$ ?r\gh s _m contr>y disputations & ! great au?ority ( s _m p]sons :o dur+ s _m ages h be5 tea*+ diff]5tly4 7,e4 #bfh2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahea47 ,! v idea ( ,god & omnipot5ce involves t free w is n1 & _c be1 a p[] indep5d5t ( ,god4 ,lu!r3 ,h[ev]1 ev5 natural reason is oblig$ to confess t ! liv+ & true ,god mu/ be su* a "o :o by ,8 fre$om imposes necessity ^u u1 =1 evid5tly1 ,he w\ld be a ridicul\s ,god or1 m prop]ly1 an idol1 :o w\ld ei!r =esee future ev5ts 9 an unc]ta9 way1 or be deceiv$ by ! ev5ts1 z ! ,g5tiles h ass]t$ an inescapable fate also = _! gods4 ,god w\ld be equally ridicul\s if ,he c\ld n d or did n d all ?+s1 or if any?+ occurr$ )\t ,him4 ,n[1 if =ekn[l$ge & omnipot5ce are conc$$1 x naturally foll[s z an irrefutable consequ5ce t we h n be5 made by ourselves1 nor t we live or d any?+ by ourselves1 b ?r\gh ,8 omnipot5ce4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ,he =eknew t we %\ld be su* z we actually are1 & ev5 n[ makes1 moves1 & gov]ns u z su*1 pray1 :at c be imag9$ t is free 9 u s z to occur diff]5tly ?an ,he has =ekn[n or n[ works8 ,god's =ekn[l$ge & omnipot5ce1 !re=e1 conflict directly ) our free w :5 def9$ z a p[] indep5d5t ( ,god4 ,= ei!r ,god w be mi/ak5 9 =ekn[+1 err also 9 act+ 7:i* is impossible71 or we %all act1 & be act$ ^u1 accord+ to ,8 =ekn[l$ge & action4 ,by ! omnipot5ce ( ,god1 h[ev]1 ,i d n mean t p[] by :i* ,he c d _m ?+s :i* ,he does n d b t active omnipot5ce by means ( :i* ,he p[]fully works all ?+s 9 all1 9 :i* mann] ,scripture calls ,him omnipot5t4 ,?is omnipot5ce & presci5ce ( ,god1 ,i say1 entirely aboli% ! dogma ( free w4 ,nor c ! obscurity ( ,scripture or ! difficulty ( ! matt] be made a pretext "h4 ,! words are mo/ cle>1 kn[n ev5 to *ildr52 ! subject-matt] is pla9 & easy1 judg$ to be s ev5 by ! natural reason common to all1 s t ev] s long a s]ies ( ages1 times1 & p]sons writ+ & tea*+ o!rwise w avail no?+4 7,e4 #bfg2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahdi47 ,accord+ to ,lu!r1 !re=e1 no?+ c or does occur indep5d5tly ( ,god1 or diff]5tly f :at ,8 omnisci5ce has =ese54 ,lu!r3 ,h5ce x foll[s irrefutably t all ?+s :i* we d1 & all ?+s :i* happ51 al?\gh to u !y seem to happ5 *angeably & cont+5tly1 d 9 reality happ5 necess>ily & immutably1 if "o views ! w ( ,god4 ,= ! w ( ,god is efficaci\s & _c be ?w>t$ s9ce x is ,god's natural p[] itself4 ,x is also wise1 s t x _c be deceiv$4 ,& s9ce ,8 w is n ?w>t$1 ! "w itself _c be prev5t$1 b mu/ occur 9 ! v place1 "t1 mann]1 & degree :i* ,he ,himself bo? =esees & wills4 7,e4 #acd2 ,/4 ,l4 #afib47 #bch4 ,god ,n ! ,cause ( ,s94 ,reg>d+ ,god's relation to ! s9ful actions ( m51 ,lu!r held t ,god is n ! cause ( s94 ,true1 ,8 omnipot5ce impels also ! ungodly2 b ! result+ acts are evil because ( man's evil nature4 ,he writes3 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ,god moves & works all 9 all1 ,he necess>ily moves & acts also 9 ,satan & 9 ! wick$4 ,b ,he acts 9 !m precisely accord+ to :at !y are & :at ,he f9ds !m to be 7agit 9 illis talit]1 quales illi sunt1 et quales inv5it74 ,t is to say1 s9ce !y are turn$ away f ,him & wick$1 & z su* are impell$ to action by div9e omnipot5ce1 !y d only su* ?+s z are av]se to ,god & wick$1 j z a horseman driv+ a horse :i* has only ?ree or two s\nd feet 7equum trip$em vel bip$em7 w drive him 9 a mann] correspond+ to ! condition ( ! horse 7agit quidem talit]1 qualis equus e/71 i4e41 ! horse goes at a sorry gait4 ,b :at c ! horseman d8 ,he drives su* a horse toge!r ) s\nd horses1 s t x sadly limps along1 :ile ! o!rs take a good gait4 ,he _c d o!rwise unless ! horse is cur$4 ,"h y see t :5 ,god works 9 ! wick$ & ?r\gh ! wick$1 ! result inde$ is evil 7mala quidem fi]i71 b t nev]!less ,god _c act wick$ly1 al?\gh ,he works t :i* is evil ?r\gh ! wick$2 = ,he be+ good1 _c ,himself act wick$ly1 al?\gh ,he uses evil in/rum5ts1 :i* _c escape ! impulse & motion ( ,8 p[]4 ,! fault1 !re=e1 is 9 ! in/rum5ts1 :i* ,god does n suff] to rema9 idle1 s t evil occurs1 ,god ,himself impell+ !m1 b 9 no o!r mann] ?an a c>p5t] :o1 us+ an ax t is not*$ & too!d1 w\ld d poor "w ) x4 ,h5ce x is t a wick$ man _c b err & s9 cont9ually1 because1 be+ impell$ by div9e p[]1 he is n all[$ to rema9 idle1 b wills1 desires1 & acts accord+ to :at he is 7velit1 cupiat1 faciat talit]1 qualis ipse e/74 7,e4 #bee2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahcd47 ,= al?\gh ,god does n make s91 /ill ,he ceases n to =m & to multiply a nature :i*1 ! ,_s hav+ be5 )drawn is corrupt$ by s91 j z :5 a c>p5t] makes /atues ( rott5 wood4 ,?us m5 become :at _! nature is1 ,god creat+ & =m+ !m ( su* nature4 7,e4 #bed2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahcc47 ,?\gh ,god works all ?+s 9 all ?+s ! wick$ness ( an action fl[s f ! s9ful nature ( ! creature4 ,lu!r3 ,:oev] w\ld h any und]/&+ ( su* matt]s1 let him consid] t ,god works evil 9 u1 i4e41 ?r\gh u1 n by any fault ( ,81 b ?r\gh our own fault4 ,= s9ce we are by nature evil1 :ile ,god is good1 & s9ce ,he impels u to action accord+ to ! nature ( ,8 omnipot5ce1 ,he1 :o ,himself is good1 _c d o!rwise ?an d evil ) an evil in/rum5t1 al?\gh1 accord+ to ,8 wisdom1 ,he causes ?is evil to turn out unto ,8 own glory & to our salvation4 7,e4 #beg2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahcg47 ,= ?is is :at we ass]t & cont5d1 t1 :5 ,god works )\t ! grace ( ,8 ,_s 9 ,8 maje/y1 outside ( ,^w & ,sacram5t1 ,he works all 9 all1 ev5 9 ! wick$2 = ,he alone moves all ?+s1 :i* ,he alone has creat$1 & drives & impels all ?+s by virtue ( ,8 omnipot5ce1 :i* !y ! creat$ ?+s _c escape or *ange1 b necess>ily foll[ & obey1 accord+ to ! p[] :i* ,god has giv5 to ea* ( !m--su* is ! mann] 9 :i* all1 ev5 wick$1 ?+s coop]ate ) ,him4 ,fur!rmore1 :5 ,he acts by ! ,_s ( ,grace 9 ^? :om ,he has made righte\s1 i4e41 9 ,8 own k+dom1 ,he 9 l mann] impels & moves !m2 &1 be+ new creatures1 !y foll[ & coop]ate ) ,him2 or r1 z ,paul says1 !y are l$ by ,him4 7,e4 #cag2 ,/4 ,l4 #aijh47 ,= we say t1 )\t ! grace ( ,god1 man /ill rema9s "u ! g5]al omnipot5ce ( ,god1 :o does1 moves1 impels all ?+s1 s t !y take _! c\rse necess>ily & )\t fail1 b t :at man1 s impell$1 does1 is no?+1 i4e41 avails no?+ be=e ,god1 & is acc\nt$ no?+ b s94 7,e4 #cae2 ,/4 ,l4 #aijf47 ,?\gh ev]y?+ occurs z ,god has =ese51 ?is1 accord+ to ,lu!r1 does n at all involve t man is co]c$ 9 8 actions4 ,lu!r3 ,b pray1 are we disput+ n[ conc]n+ co]cion & =ce8 ,h we n 9 s _m books te/ifi$ t we speak ( ! necessity ( immutability8 ,we "k 444 t ,judas ( 8 own volition betray$ ,*ri/4 ,b we affirm t1 if ,god =eknew x1 ?is volition w\ld c]ta9ly & )\t fail occur 9 ?is v ,judas4444 ,we are n discuss+ ! po9t :e!r ,judas became a traitor unwill+ly or will+ly1 b :e!r at ! "t =eappo9t$ by ,god x infallibly _h to happ5 t ,judas ( 8 own volition betray$ ,*ri/4 7,e4 #bgj2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahec47 ,aga93 ,:at is x to me t free w is n co]c$1 b does :at x does will+ly8 ,x is en\gh = me to h y conc$e t x mu/ necess>ily happ51 t he ,judas does :at he does ( 8 own volition1 & t he _c conduct himself o!rwise if ,god has s =ekn[n x4 ,if ,god =ekn[s t ,judas w betray1 or t he w *ange 8 m9d ab\t x1--:i*ev] ( ! two ,he %all h =ekn[n w necess>ily come to pass1 else ,god w\ld be mi/ak5 9 =ekn[+ & =etell+1--:i* is impossible4 ,necessity ( consequ5ce effects ?is3 if ,god =ekn[s an ev5t1 x necess>ily happ5s4 ,9 o!r words1 free w is no?+ x is n a p[] indep5d5t ( ,god or able to nullify ,god's presci5ce4 7,e4 #bgb2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahee47 ,to wi% t ,god w\ld ab/a9 f impell+ ! wick$ is1 accord+ to ,lu!r1 tantam\nt to wi%+ t ,he cease to be ,god4 ,lu!r3 ,!re is /ill ?is "q :i* "s "o may ask1 ',:y does ,god n cease to impel by ,8 omnipot5ce1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! w ( ! wick$ is mov$ to cont9ue be+ wick$ & ev5 gr[+ worse8' ,! answ] is3 ,?is is equival5t to desir+ t ,god cease to be ,god = ! sake ( ! wick$1 s9ce "o wi%es ,8 p[] & action to cease1 i4e41 t ,he cease to be good1 le/ !y become worse6 7,e4 #bei2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahci47 #bci4 ,free ,w a ,m]e ,empty ,title4 ,lu!r consid]s free w 7:5 def9$ z an ability 9 spiritual matt]s or z a p[] indep5d5t ( ,god7 a m]e ^w )\t any?+ correspond+ to x 9 reality 7figm5tum 9 rebus seu titulus s9e re1 ,e4v4a4 #e1 #bcj71 because natural w has p[]s only 9 matt]s temporal & subject to reason1 b none 9 spiritual ?+s1 & because ( itself & indep5d5tly ( ,god's omnipot5ce x has no p[] :atev]4 ,we read3 ,n[ x foll[s t free w is a title altoge!r div9e & _c belong to any o!r be+1 save only div9e maje/y1 = ,he1 z ! ,psalmi/ s+s ,ps4 #aae1 #c1 c d & does all t ,he wills 9 heav5 & 9 e>?4 ,n[1 :5 ?is title is ascrib$ to m51 x is s ascrib$ ) no m "r ?an if also div9ity itself 7 ascrib$ to !m1--a sacrilege ?an :i* !re is none great]4 ,accord+ly x 0 ! duty ( !ologians to ab/a9 f ?is ^w :5 !y int5d$ to speak ( human p[]1 & to res]ve x exclusively = ,god1 !reupon also to remove x f ! m\? & disc\rse ( m51 claim+ x z a sacr$ & v5]able title = _! ,god4 ,& if !y w\ld at all ascribe "s p[] to man1 !y %\ld h taught t x be call$ by "s o!r "n ?an 'free w1' especially s9ce we all "k & see t ! common p are mis]ably deceiv$ & l$ a/ray by ?is t]m1 = by x !y he> & conceive some?+ v f> diff]5t f :at !ologians mean & discuss4 ',free w' is too magnific5t1 ext5sive1 & compreh5sive a t]m2 by x common p und]/& 7z also ! import & nature ( ! ^w require7 a p[] :i* c freely turn to ei!r side1 & nei!r yields nor is subject to any "o1 7,e4 #aeh2 ,/4 ,l4 #agbj47 ,if ! t]m free w be reta9$1 x %\ld1 accord+ to ,lu!r1 be conceiv$ ( z a p[]1 n 9 div9e ?+s1 b only 9 matt]s subject to human reason4 ,we read3 ,s1 !n1 accord+ to ,erasmus1 free w is ! p[] ( ! w :i* is able ( itself to w & n to w ! ,^w & "w ( ,god1 :]eby x is l$ to ?+s :i* exce$ bo? its compreh5sion & p]ception4 ,= if x is able to w & n to w1 x is able also to love & to hate4 ,if x is able to love & to hate1 x is able also1 9 "s small degree1 to keep ! ,law & to believe ! ,gospel4 ,= if y w or d n w1 a c]ta9 ?+1 x is impossible t by t w y %\ld n be able to d some?+ ( ! "w1 ev5 ?\gh1 :5 h9d]$ by ano!r1 y _c complete x4 7,e4 #aia2 ,/4 ,l4 #agei47 ,if1 !n1 we are n will+ to ab&on ?is t]m altoge!r1 :i* w\ld be ! safe/ & mo/ pi\s c\rse to foll[1 let u at lea/ tea* m5 to use x 9 good fai? 7bona fide7 only 9 ! s5se t free w be conc$$ to man1 ) respect to su* matt]s only z are n sup]ior1 b inf]ior to himself1 i4e41 man is to "k t1 ) reg>d to 8 means & possessions1 he has ! "r ( us+1 ( do+1 & ( =be>+ to d accord+ to 8 free w2 al?\gh also ev5 ?is is direct$ by ! free w ( ,god alone :i!rsoev] x pleases ,him4 ,b ) respect to ,god1 or 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to salvation or damnation1 he has no free w1 b is ! captive1 subject1 & s]vant1 ei!r ( ! w ( ,god or ( ! w ( ,satan4 7,e4 #afj2 ,/4 ,l4 #agbb47 ,p]haps y might prop]ly attribute "s w 7aliquod arbitrium7 to man1 b to attribute free w to him 9 div9e ?+s is too mu*1 s9ce 9 ! judgm5t ( all :o he> x ! t]m 'free w' is prop]ly appli$ to t :i* c d & does ) respect to ,god :atsoev] x pleases1 )\t be+ h9d]$ by any law or au?ority4 ,y w\ld n call a slave free :o acts "u ! au?ority ( 8 ma/]4 ,) h[ mu* less propriety d we call m5 or angels truly free1 :o1 to say no?+ ( s9 & dea?1 live "u ! mo/ complete au?ority ( ,god1 unable to subsi/ = a mom5t by _! own p[]4 7,e4 #ahi2 ,/4 ,l4 #agef47 ,lo/ lib]ty1 says ,lu!r1 is no lib]ty1 j z lo/ heal? is no heal?4 ,we read3 ,:5 x has be5 conc$$ & settl$ t free w1 hav+ lo/ its fre$om1 is compell$ to s]ve s91 & has no p[] to w any?+ good1 ,i c conceive no?+ else f ^! expressions ?an t free w is an empty ^w1 ) ! sub/ance lo/4 ,my gramm> calls a lo/ lib]ty no lib]ty4 ,b to attribute ! title ( lib]ty to t :i* has no lib]ty is to attribute an empty "n4 ,if "h ,i g a/ray1 let :o c correct me2 if my words are obscure & ambigu\s1 let :o c make !m pla9 & def9ite4 ,i _c call heal? t is lo/ heal?4 ,if ,i %\ld ascribe x to a sick man1 ,i believe to h ascrib$ to him no?+ b an empty "n4 ,b away ) mon/r\s words6 ,= :o c tol]ate t abuse ( spee* by :i* we affirm t man has free w1 & 9 ! same brea? ass]t t he1 hav+ lo/ 8 lib]ty1 is compell$ to s]ve s91 & c w no?+ good8 ,x conflicts ) common s5se1 & utt]ly de/roys ! use ( spee*4 ,! ,diatribe is r to be accus$ ( blurt+ out its words z if x 7 asleep1 & giv+ no he$ to ^? ( o!rs4 ,x does n consid]1 ,i say1 :at x means1 & :at x all includes1 if ,i decl>e3 ,man has lo/ 8 lib]ty1 is compell$ to s]ve s91 & has no p[] to w any?+ good4 7,e4 #bjj2 ,/4 ,l4 #agfi47 ,satan causes 8 captives to believe !mselves free & happy4 ,lu!r3 ,! ,scriptures set be=e u a man :o is n only b\nd1 wret*$1 captive1 sick1 dead1 b :o 7?r\gh ! op]ation ( ,satan1 8 pr9ce7 adds ?is plague ( bl9dness to 8 o!r plagues1 t he believes himself to be free1 happy1 unfett]$1 /rong1 heal?y1 alive4 ,= ,satan kn[s t1 if man 7 to realize 8 own mis]y1 he w\ld n be able to reta9 any "o 9 8 k+dom1 because ,god c\ld n b at once pity & help him :o recognizes 8 mis]y & cries = relief4 ,= ?r\gh\t all ,scripture ,he is extoll$ & greatly prais$ = be+ nigh unto ! contrite 9 he>t1 z also ,*ri/ te/ifies1 ,isaiah #fa1 #a4 #b1 t ,he has be5 s5t to prea* ! ,gospel to ! poor & to heal ! brok5-he>t$4 ,accord+ly1 x is ,satan's bus9ess to keep 8 grip on m51 le/ !y recognize _! mis]y1 b r take x = grant$ t !y are able to d ev]y?+ t is said4 7,e4 #bac2 ,/4 ,l4 #aghe47 #bdj4 ,! ,gospel to be ,our ,only ,guide4 ,accord+ to ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio ,god's maje/y & ,8 my/]i\s judgm5ts & ways mu/ n be se>*$1 nor %\ld speculations conc]n+ !m be made ! guide ( our fai? & life4 ,lu!r says3 ,( ,god or ( ! w ( ,god proclaim$ & reveal$1 & (f]$ to u1 & :i* we m$itate ^u1 we mu/ treat 9 a diff]5t way ?an ( ,god 9 s f> z ,he is n proclaim$1 n reveal$1 & n (f]$ to u1 & is n ! object ( our m$itations4 ,= 9 s f> z ,god hides ,himself1 & desires n to be kn[n ( u1 we h no?+ to d ) ,him4 ,"h ! say+ truly applies1 ',:at is above u does n conc]n u4' 7,e4 #bba1 ,/4 ,l4 #agid47 ,we say1 z we h done be=e1 t "o mu/ n discuss ! secret w ( div9e maje/y1 & t man's tem]ity1 :i*1 due to cont9ual p]v]s5ess1 disreg>ds necess>y matt]s & always attacks & enc\nt]s ?is secret w1 %\ld be call$ away & )drawn f occupy+ itself ) scrut9iz+ ^? secrets ( div9e maje/y :i* x is impossible to approa*2 = x dwells '9 ! light :i* no man c approa* unto1' z ,paul te/ifies1 #a ,tim4 #f1 #af4 7,e4 #bbg2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahja47 ,?is /atem5t1 t ,god's maje/y mu/ n be inve/igat$1 says ,lu!r1 is n our inv5tion1 b an injunction confirm$ by ,holy ,scripture4 ,= ,paul says ,rom4 #i1 #ai-ba3 ',:y do? ,god yet f9d fault8 ,= :o ha? resi/$ ,8 w8 ,nay b1 ,o man1 :o art ?\ t replie/ aga9/ ,god8444 ,ha? n ! pott] p[]1' etc48 ,& be=e him ,isaiah1 *apt] #eh1 #b3 ',yet !y seek ,me daily1 & delight to "k ,my ways1 z a nation t did righte\sness1 & =sook n ! ord9ance ( _! ,god4 ,!y ask ( ,me ! ord9ances ( ju/ice2 !y take delight 9 approa*+ to ,god1' ,^! words1 ,i take x1 %[ abundantly t x is unlawful = m5 to scrut9ize ! w ( maje/y4 7,e4 #bbh2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahjc47 ,in/ead ( se>*+ ! ,scriptures1 z !y are comm&$ to d1 m5 unlawfully crave to inve/igate ! hidd5 judgm5ts ( ,god4 ,we read3 ,b we are n[h]e m irrev]5t & ra% ?an :5 we invade & argue ^! v my/]ies & judgm5ts :i* are unse>*able4 ,mean:ile we imag9e t we are ex]cis+ incr$ible rev]5ce 9 se>*+ ! ,holy ,scriptures1 :i* ,god has comm&$ u to se>*4 ,"h we d n se>*1 b :]e ,he has =bidd5 u to se>*1 !re we d no?+ b se>* ) p]petual tem]ity1 n to say blasphemy4 ,or is x n su* a se>* :5 we ra%ly endeavor to make t :olly free =ekn[l$ge ( ,god accord ) our lib]ty1 & are ready to detract f ! presci5ce ( ,god1 if x does n all[ u lib]ty1 or if x induces necessity1 to say ) ! murmur]s & blasphem]s1 ',:y do? ,he f9d fault8 ,:o %all resi/ ,8 w8 ,:at is become ( ! mo/ m]ciful ,god8 ,:at ( ,him :o wills n ! dea? ( ! s9n]8 ,has ,he made m5 t ,he might delight ,himself ) _! torm5ts8' & ! l1 :i* w be h[l$ out =ev] among ! devils & ! damn$4 7,e4 #bff1 ,/4 ,l4 #ahdh47 ,god's unkn[able w is n & _c be our guide4 ,lu!r3 ,! ,diatribe beguiles h]self ?r\gh h] ignorance1 mak+ no di/9ction betwe5 ! proclaim$ & ! hidd5 ,god1 t is betwe5 ! ,^w ( ,god & ,god ,himself4 ,god does _m ?+s :i* ,he has n %[n u 9 ,8 ,^w4 ,he also wills _m ?+s conc]n+ :i* ,he has n %[n u 9 ,8 ,^w t ,he wills !m4 ,= in/ance1 ,he does n w ! dea? ( a s9n] namely1 accord+ to ,8 ,^w1 b ,he wills x accord+ to ,8 inscrutable w4 ,n[1 our bus9ess is to look at ,8 ,^w1 disreg>d+ ! inscrutable w2 = we mu/ be direct$ by ! ,^w1 n by t inscrutable w 7nobis spect&um e/ ,v]bum rel9qu5daque illa voluntas imp]scrutabilis2 ,v]bo enim nos dirigi1 non voluntate illa inscrutabili oportet74 ,inde$1 :o c\ld direct himself by t inscrutable & unkn[able w8 ,x is en\gh m]ely to "k t !re is su* an inscrutable w 9 ,god2 b :at1 :y1 & h[ f> x wills1 t is altoge!r unlawful = u to inquire into1 to wi% to "k1 & to tr\ble or occupy ourselves )2 on ! contr>y1 we %\ld fe> & adore x4 7,e4 #bbb2 ,/4 ,l4 #agie7 ,in/ead ( inve/igat+ ! my/]ies ( div9e maje/y1 m5 ought to conc]n !mselves ) ,god's revelation 9 ! ,gospel4 ,lu!r3 ,b let h] human tem]ity occupy h]self ) ! inc>nate ,god or1 z ,paul says1 ) ,jesus ,crucifi$1 9 :om are hidd5 all ! treasures ( wisdom & k4 ,= ?r\gh ,him %e has abundantly :at %e ought to "k & n to "k4 ,x is ! inc>nate ,god1 !n1 :o speaks "h ,matt4 #bc3 ',i w\ld1 & ?\ w\lde/ n4' ,! inc>nate ,god1 ,i say1 0 s5t = ?is purpose1 t ,he might w1 speak1 d1 suff]1 & (f] to all m5 all ?+s :i* are necess>y to salvation1 al?\gh ,he (f5ds v _m :o1 be+ ei!r ab&on$ or h>d5$ by t secret w ( ,8 maje/y1 d n receive ,him :o wills1 speaks1 works1 (f]s1 ev5 z ,john says3 ',! light %9e? 9 d>kness1 & ! d>kness compreh5de? x n2' & aga93 ',he came unto ,8 own & ,8 own receiv$ ,him n4' 7,e4 #bbg;f41 ,/4 ,l4 #ahjb47 #bda4 ,god's ,grace ,is ,univ]sal & ,s]i\s4 ,all m5 are 9 ne$ ( ! sav+ ,gospel1 & x %\ld be prea*$ to all4 ,we read 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio3 ,paul _h said j be=e3 ',! ,gospel is ! p[] ( ,god unto salvation to e "o t believe?2 to ! ,jew fir/ & also to ! ,greek1' ,^! words are n obscure or ambigu\s3 ',to ! ,jews & to ! ,greeks1' t is1 to all m51 ! ,gospel ( ! p[] ( ,god is necess>y1 9 ord] t1 believ+1 !y may be sav$ f ! reveal$ wra?4 7,e4 #cbb2 ,/4 ,l4 #aiae47 ,he ,god kn[s :at1 :51 h[1 & to :om we ought to speak4 ,n[1 ,8 injunction is t ,8 ,gospel1 :i* is necess>y = all1 %\ld be limit$ by nei!r place nor "t1 b be prea*$ to all1 at all times1 & 9 all places4 7,e4 #adi2 ,/4 ,l4 #agji47 ,! univ]sal promises ( ! ,gospel (f] firm & sweet consolation to poor s9n]s4 ,lu!r3 ,x is ! voice ( ! ,gospel & ! sweete/ consolation to poor mis]able s9n]s :5 ,ezekiel says #ah1 #bc4 #cb3 ',i h no pleasure 9 ! dea? ( a s9n]1 b r t he be conv]t$ & live1' ,j s also ! ?irtie? ,psalm v4 #e3 ',= ,8 ang] endure? b a mom5t2 9 ,8 favor is life ,8 w r is life4' ,& ! sixty-n9? v4#af3 ',= ,?y lov+-k9dness is good ,h[ sweet is ,?y m]cy1 ,"l6' ,also3 ',because ,i am m]ciful1' ,& t say+ ( ,*ri/1 ,matt4 #aa1 #bh3 ',come unto ,me1 all ye t labor & are heavy lad51 & ,i w refre% y1' ,also t ( ,exodus #bj1 #f1 ',i %[ m]cy unto ?\s&s ( !m t love ,me1' ,inde$1 almo/ m ?an half ( ,holy ,scripture1--:at is x b g5u9e promises ( grace1 by :i* m]cy1 life1 peace1 & salvation are (f]$ by ,god to m58 ,& :at else d ! words ( promise s\nd =? ?an ?is3 ',i h no pleasure 9 ! dea? ( a s9n]'8 ,is x n ! same ?+ to say1 ',i am m]ciful1' z to say1 ',i am n angry1' ',i d n wi% to puni%1' ',i d n wi% y to die1' ',i desire to p>don1' ',i desire to sp>e'8 ,n[1 if ^! div9e promises did n /& firm1 s z to raise up afflict$ consci5ces t]rifi$ by ! s5se ( s9 & ! fe> ( dea? & judgm5t1 :at place w\ld !re be = p>don or = hope8 ,:at s9n] w\ld n despair8 7,e4 #bah2 ,/4 ,l4 #agia47 ,god1 :o w\ld h all m5 to be sav$ deplores & endeavors to remove dea?1 s t man mu/ blame himself if he is lo/4 ,lu!r3 ,god 9 ,8 maje/y & nature !re=e mu/ be left unt\*$ unse>*$ = 9 ?is respect we h no?+ to d ) ,him1 nor did ,he want u to deal ) ,him 9 ?is respect2 b we deal ) ,him 9 s f> z ,he has clo!d ,himself & come =? 9 ,8 ,^w1 by :i* ,he has (f]$ ,himself to u4 ,?is ,^w is ,8 glory & beauty ) :i* ! ,psalmi/1 #ba1 #f1 celebrates ,him z be+ clo!d4 ,emphasiz+ ! s]i\sness ( univ]sal grace1 ,lu!r cont9ues3 ,!re=e we affirm t ! holy ,god does n deplore ! dea? ( ! p :i* ,he works 9 !m1 b deplores ! dea? :i* ,he f9ds 9 ! p1 & endeavors to remove 7s$ deplorat mortem1 quam inv5it 9 populo1 et amov]e /udet74 ,= ?is is ! "w ( ! proclaim$ ,god to take away s9 & dea?1 t we may be sav$4 ,= ,he has s5t ,8 ,^w & heal$ !m4 7,e4 #bbb2 ,/4 ,l4 #agie47 ,h5ce x is rightly said1 ,if ,god wills n dea?1 x mu/ be *>g$ to our own w t we p]i%4 ',rightly1' ,i say1 if y speak ( ! proclaim$ ,god4 ,= ,he w\ld h all m5 to be sav$1 com+1 z ,he does1 ) ,8 ,^w ( salvation to all m52 & ! fault is 9 ! w1 :i* does n admit ,him1 z ,he says1 ,matt4 #bc1 #cg3 ',h[ (t5 w\ld ,i h ga!r$ ?y *ildr5 toge!r1 & ye w\ld n6' 7,e4 #bbb2 ,/4,l4 #agie47 #bdb4 ,sola gratia ,doctr9e ,eng5d]s ,assurance4 ,lu!r rejoices 9 ! doctr9e ( sola gratia because x alone is able to eng5d] assurance ( salvation4 ,he writes3 ,z = myself1 ,i c]ta9ly confess t1 if su* a ?+ c\ld someh[ be1 ,i %\ld be unwill+ to h free w giv5 me1 or any?+ left 9 my own h&1 :i* might enable me to make an ef=t at salvation2 n only because 9 ! mid/ ( s _m dang]s & adv]sities & also ( s _m assault+ devils ,i %\ld n be /rong en\gh to rema9 /&+ & keep my hold ( x 7= "o devil is mighti] ?an all m5 put toge!r1 & n a s+le man w\ld be sav$71 b because1 ev5 if !re 7 no dang]s & no adv]sities & no devils1 ,i %\ld /ill be compell$ to toil =ev] unc]ta9ly1 & to beat ! air 9 my /ruggle4 ,= ?\gh ,i %\ld live & "w to et]nity1 my own consci5ce w\ld nev] be sure & at ease z to h[ mu* x ought to d 9 ord] to satisfy ,god4 ,no matt] h[ p]fect a "w might be1 !re w\ld be left a d\bt :e!r x pleas$ ,god1 or :e!r ,he requir$ any?+ m1 z is prov$ by ! exp]i5ce ( all :o endeavor to be sav$ by ! ,law 7iu/iti>iorum71 & z ,i1 to my own great mis]y1 h le>n$ abundantly dur+ s _m ye>s4 ,b n[1 s9ce ,god has tak5 my salvation out ( ! h&s ( my w1 & plac$ x into ^? ( ,8 own & has promis$ to save me1 n by my own "w or runn+1 b by ,8 grace & m]cy1 ,i feel p]fectly secure1 because ,he is fai?ful & w n lie to me2 moreov]1 ,he is p[]ful & great1 s t nei!r devils nor adv]sities c cru% ,him1 or pluck me out ( ,8 h&4 ,no "o1 says ,he1 %all pluck !m out ( ,my h&2 = ,my ,fa!r1 :o gave !m unto ,me1 is great] ?an all4 ,?us x comes to pass t1 ?\gh n all are sav$1 at lea/ "s1 nay1 _m are1 :]eas by ! p[] ( free w absolutely none w\ld be sav$1 b e "o ( u w\ld be lo/4 ,we are also c]ta9 & sure t we please ,god1 n by ! m]it ( our own "w1 b by ! favor ( ,8 m]cy :i* ,he has promis$ u1 & t1 if we h done less ?an we ought1 or h done any?+ amiss1 ,he does n impute x to u1 b1 z a fa!r1 =gives & am5ds x4 ,su* is ! boa/ ( e sa9t 9 8 ,god4 7,e4 #cfb2 ,/4 ,l4 #aifa;f47 ,9 ! ,apology ( ! ,augsburg ,confession ?is ?\ght ( ,lu!r's is repeat$ z foll[s3 ,if ! matt] our salvation 7 to dep5d ^u our m]its1 ! promise w\ld be unc]ta9 & useless1 because we nev] c\ld det]m9e :5 we w\ld h suffici5t m]it4 ,& ?is exp]i5c$ consci5ces c easily und]/& & w\ld n1 = a ?\s& worlds1 h our salvation dep5d ^u ourselves4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #ade1 #hd2 comp>e #ajgi1 #de;f47 #bdc4 ,tru? ( ,god's ,maje/y ,s]ves ,god's ,graci\s ,w4 ,lu!r reg>d$ ! tea*+ t ev]y?+ is subject to ,god's maje/y z be+ ( s]vice to ,8 graci\s w4 ,we read3 ,two ?+s require ! prea*+ ( ^! tru?s conc]n+ ! infallibility ( ,god's =ekn[l$ge1 etc42 ! fir/ is1 ! humbl+ ( our pride & ! k ( ! grace ( ,god2 ! second1 ,*ri/ian fai? itself4 ,fir/1 ,god has c]ta9ly promis$ ,8 grace to ! humbl$1 i4e41 to ^? :o deplore _! s9s & despair ( !mselves4 ,b man _c be ?or\ghly humbl$ until he kn[s t 8 salvation is altoge!r beyond 8 own p[]s1 c\nsels1 ef=ts1 w1 & works1 & dep5ds altoge!r ^u ! decision1 c\nsel1 w1 & "w ( ano!r1 i4e41 ( ,god only4 ,= z long z he is p]suad$ t he c d any?+ t[>d ga9+ salvation1 ?\gh x be ev] s little1 he cont9ues 9 self-confid5ce1 & does n :olly despair ( himself2 accord+ly he is n humbl$ be=e ,god1 b anticipates1 or hopes =1 or at lea/ wi%es =1 a place1 a "t1 & "s "w by :i* he may f9ally obta9 salvation4 7,e4 #aec4 #acc2 ,/4 ,l4 #agae4 #afia47 ,m ?an once1 says ,lu!r1 ,i myself h be5 (f5d$ at x ! tea*+ conc]n+ ,god's maje/y to su* an ext5t t ,i 0 at ! br9k ( despair1 s t ,i ev5 wi%$ ,i _h nev] be5 creat$ a man1--until ,i le>n$ h[ salut>y t despair 0 & h[ close to grace4 7,e4 #bfh2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahej47 ,( ! mann] 9 :i*1 accord+ to ,lu!r1 ! tru? conc]n+ ,god's maje/y s]ves ! ,gospel1 we read3 ,moreov]1 ,i d n only wi% to speak ( h[ true ^! ?+s are1444 b also h[ becom+ to a ,*ri/ian1 h[ pi\s1 & h[ necess>y x is to "k !m4 ,= if ^! ?+s are n kn[n1 x is impossible = ei!r fai? or any wor%ip ( ,god to be ma9ta9$4 ,t w\ld be ignorance ( ,god inde$2 & if we d n "k ,him1 we _c obta9 salvation1 z is well kn[n4 ,= if y d\bt t ,god =ekn[s & wills all ?+s1 n cont+5tly1 b necess>ily & immutably1 or if y scorn su* k1 h[ w y be able to believe ,8 promises1 & ) full assurance tru/ & rely ^u !m8 ,:5 ,he promises1 y ought to be sure t ,he kn[s :at ,he is promis+1 & is able & will+ to accompli% x1 else y w acc\nt ,him nei!r true nor fai?ful4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is unbelief1 extreme impiety1 & a d5ial ( ! mo/ high ,god4 ,b h[ w y be confid5t & sure if y d n "k t ,he c]ta9ly1 infallibly1 un*angeably1 & necess>ily kn[s1 & wills1 & w p]=m :at ,he promises8 ,nor %\ld we m]ely be c]ta9 t ,god necess>ily & immutably wills & w p]=m :at ,he has promis$1 b we %\ld ev5 glory 9 ?is v ?+1 z ,paul does1 ,rom4 #c1 #d3 ',let ,god be true1 b e man a li>4' ,& aga91 ,rom4 #i1 #f2 #d1 #ba2 #a ,sam4 #c1 #ai3 ',n t ! ,^w ( ,god ha? tak5 none effect4' ,& 9 ano!r place1 #b ,tim4 #b1 #ai3 ',! f\ndation ( ,god /&e? sure1 hav+ ?is seal1 ,! ,"l kn[e? !m t are ,84' ,& 9 ,titus #a1 #b3 ',:i* ,god1 t _c lie1 ha? promis$ be=e ! _w began4' ,& 9 ,heb4 #aa1 #f3 ',he t come? to ,god mu/ believe t ,god is1 & t ,he is a rew>d] ( !m t hope 9 ,him4' ,s1 !n1 ,*ri/ian fai? is altoge!r ext+ui%$1 ! promises ( ,god & ! entire ,gospel fall absolutely to ! gr\nd1 if we are taught & believe t we h no ne$ ( kn[+ ! =ekn[l$ge ( ,god to be necess>y & ! necessity ( all ?+s t mu/ be done4 ,= ?is is ! only & highe/ possible consolation ( ,*ri/ians 9 all adv]sities to "k t ,god does n lie1 b does all ?+s immutably1 & t ,8 w c nei!r be resi/$1 nor alt]$1 nor h9d]$4 7,e4 #acg4 #bfd2 ,/4 ,l4 #afie4 #ahde47 #bdd4 ,!re ,are ,no ,real ,contradictions 9 ,god4 ,among ! my/]ies :i* we are unable to solve ,lu!r enum]ates ! que/ions3 ,:y did ,god p]mit ! fall ( ,adam8 ,:y did ,he suff] u to be infect$ ) orig9al s98 ,:y does ,god n *ange ! evil w8 ,:y is x t "s are conv]t$ :ile o!rs are lo/8 ,we read3 ,b :y does ,he n at ! same "t *ange ! evil w :i* ,he moves8 ,?is p]ta9s to ! secrets ( ,8 maje/y1 :]e ,8 judgm5ts are incompreh5sible4 ,nor is x our bus9ess to inve/igate1 b to adore ^! my/]ies4 ,if1 !re=e1 fle% & blood "h take (f5se & murmur1 let !m murmur2 b !y w effect no?+1 ,god w n be *ang$ on t acc\nt4 ,& if ! ungodly are sc&aliz$ & leave 9 ev] s great numb]s1 ! elect w nev]!less rema94 ,! same answ] %\ld be giv5 to ^? :o ask1 ',:y did ,he all[ ,adam to fall1 & :y does ,he create all ( u infect$ ) ! same s9 :5 ,he c\ld h pres]v$ him ,adam1 & creat$ u f some?+ else1 or aft] fir/ hav+ purg$ ! se$8' ,he is ,god1 = ^: w !re is no cause or reason :i* might be prescrib$ = x z a /&>d & rule ( action2 = x has no equal or sup]ior1 b is itself ! rule = ev]y?+4 ,if x _h any rule or /&>d1 cause or reason1 x c\ld no long] be ! w ( ,god4 ,= :at ,he wills is "r1 n because ,he is or 0 9 duty b\nd s to w1 b1 on ! contr>y1 because ,he wills s1 !re=e :at occurs mu/ be "r4 ,cause & reason are prescrib$ to a creature's w1 b n to ! w ( ! ,creator1 unless y w\ld set ano!r ,creator ov] ,him4 7,e4 #bei2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahdj47 ,reg>d+ ! "q :y "s are conv]t$ :ile o!rs are n1 we read3 ,b :y ?is maje/y does n remove ?is fault ( our w1 or *ange x 9 all m5 7see+ t x is n 9 ! p[] ( man to d s71 or :y ,he imputes ?is fault ( ! w to man :5 he _c be )\t x1 x is n lawful to se>*1 & al?\gh y se>* mu*1 y w nev] discov] x1 z ,paul says1 ,rom4 #i1 #bj3 ',o man1 :o art ?\ t replie/ aga9/ ,god8' 7,e4 #bbc1 ,/4 ,l4 #agif47 ,b z to :y "s are t\*$ by ! ,law & o!rs are n1 s t ! =m] receive1 & ! latt] despise1 ! grace (f]$1 ?is is ano!r "q1 & "o n treat$ by ,ezekiel 9 ?is place1 :o speaks ( ! prea*$ & (f]$ m]cy ( ,god1 n ( ! secret & to-be-fe>$ w ( ,god1 :o by ,8 c\nsel orda9s :at & :at k9d ( p]sons ,he wills to be capable & p>tak]s ( ,8 prea*$ & (f]$ m]cy4 ,?is w ( ,god mu/ n be se>*$1 b rev]5tly ador$1 z be+ by f> ! mo/ pr(\nd & sacr$ secret ( div9e maje/y1 res]v$ = ,himself alone1 & prohibit$ to u mu* m religi\sly ?an c\ntless multitudes ( ,corycian ,caves4 7,e4 #bba2 ,/4 ,l4 #agid47 ,*ri/ians firmly believe t 9 ,8 deal+s ) m5 ,god is always wise & j & good4 ,lu!r3 ,accord+ to ! judgm5t ( reason x rema9s absurd t ?is j & good ,god %\ld dem& ?+s t are impossible ( fulfilm5t by free w1 &1 al?\gh x _c w t :i* is good b necess>ily s]ves s91 %\ld nev]!less *>ge ?is to free w2 & t1 :5 ,he does n conf] ! ,_s1 ,he %\ld n act a :it m k9dly or m m]cifully ?an :5 ,he h>d5s or p]mits m5 to h>d5 !mselves4 ,reason w decl>e t ^! are n ! acts ( a k9d & m]ciful ,god4 ,^! ?+s exce$ h] und]/&+ too f>1 nor c %e take h]self into captivity to believe ,god to be good1 :o acts & judges ?us2 b sett+ fai? aside1 %e wants to feel & see & compreh5d h[ ,he is j & n cruel4 ,%e w\ld inde$ compreh5d if x 7 said ( ,god3 ',he h>d5s nobody1 ,he damns nobody1 r pities ev]ybody1 saves ev]ybody1' s t1 hell be+ de/roy$ & ! fe> ( dea? remov$1 no future puni%m5t ne$ be dread$4 ,?is is ! reason :y %e is s hot 9 /riv+ to excuse & def5d ,god z j & good4 ,b fai? & ! _s judge diff]5tly1 believ+ ,god to be good ?\gh he 7 to de/roy all m54 7,e4 #beb2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahcb47 ,! reason :y ( ! div9e w mu/ n be inve/igat$1 b simply ador$1 & we mu/ give ! glory to ,god t1 be+ alone j & wise1 ,he does wrong to none1 nor c ,he d any?+ fooli% or ra%1 ?\gh x may appe> f> o!rwise to u4 ,godly m5 are cont5t ) ?is answ]4 7,e4 #aec2 ,/4 ,l4 #agad47 ,accord+ to ,lu!r1 div9e ju/ice mu/ be j z incompreh5sible to human reason z ,god's entire ess5ce4 ,we read3 ,b :5 we feel ill at ease = ! reason t x is difficult to v9dicate ! m]cy & equity ( ,god because ,he damns ! undes]v+1 i4e41 su* ungodly m5 z are born 9 ungodl9ess1 & h5ce _c 9 any way prev5t be+ & rema9+ ungodly & damn$1 & are compell$ by _! nature to s9 & p]i%1 z ,paul says ,eph4 #b1 #c3 ',we 7 all ! sons ( wra? ev5 z o!rs1' !y be+ creat$ su* by ,god ,himself out ( ! se$ :i* 0 corrupt$ ?r\gh ! s9 ( ! "o ,adam1--!n ! mo/ m]ciful ,god is to be honor$ & rev]$ 9 ,8 deal+s ) ^? :om ,he ju/ifies & saves1 al?\gh !y are mo/ unwor?y1 & at lea/ a little some?+ ought to be cr$it$ to ,8 div9e wisdom by believ+ ,him to be j :]e to u ,he seems unju/4 ,= if ,8 ju/ice 7 su* z c\ld be decl>$ j by human und]/&+1 x w\ld cle>ly n be div9e1 diff]+ no?+ f human ju/ice4 ,b s9ce ,he is ! "o true ,god1 & entirely incompreh5sible & inaccessible to human reason1 x is prop]1 nay1 necess>y1 t ,8 ju/ice also be incompreh5sible1 ev5 z ,paul also exclaims1 ,rom4 #aa1 #cc1 say+3 ',o ! dep? ( ! ri*es bo? ( ! wisdom & k ( ,god6 ,h[ unse>*able are ,8 judgm5ts1 & ,8 ways pa/ f9d+ out6' ,n[1 !y w\ld n be incompreh5sible if we 7 able1 9 ev]y?+ ,he does1 to compreh5d :y !y are j4 ,:at is man comp>$ ) ,god8 ,h[ mu* is our p[] capable ( z comp>$ ) ,88 ,:at is our /r5g? comp>$ ) ,8 p[]s8 ,:at is our k comp>$ ) ,8 wisdom8 ,:at is our sub/ance comp>$ ) ,8 sub/ance8 ,9 %ort1 :at is ev]y?+ t is ours z comp>$ ) ev]y?+ t is ,88 7,e4 #cfc2 ,/4 ,l4 #aifb47 ,*ri/ians embrace ! opportunity (f]$ by ! my/]i\s ways ( ,god to ex]cise _! fai?4 ,lu!r3 ,?is is ! highe/ degree ( fai?1 to believe t ,he is m]ciful1 :o saves s few & condemns s _m1 to believe ,him j1 :o by ,8 w creat+ u out ( s9ful se$ necess>ily makes u damnable1 ?us1 accord+ to ,erasmus1 seem+ to be delight$ ) ! torm5ts ( ! wret*$1 & wor?y ( hatr$ r ?an ( love4 ,if1 !n1 ,i c\ld 9 any way compreh5d h[ ?is ,god is m]ciful & j :o %[s su* great wra? & seem+ inju/ice1 !re w\ld be no ne$ ( fai?4 ,b n[1 s9ce ?is _c be compreh5d$ !re is to be an opportunity = ! ex]cise ( fai? :5 ^! ?+s are prea*$ & publi%$1 ev5 z :5 ,god kills1 our fai? 9 life is ex]cis$ 9 dea?4 7,e4 #aed2 ,/4 ,l4 #agaf47 #bde4 ,seem+ ,contradictions ,solv$ 9 ,light ( ,glory4 ,*ri/ians are fully satisfi$ t h]eaft] !y w see & und]/& :at !y "h believ$1 viz41 t 9 ,8 deal+s ) m5 ,god truly is & always 0 absolutely j4 ,lu!r3 ,if y are pleas$ ) ,god = cr[n+ ! unwor?y1 y ought n to be displeas$ ) ,him = condemn+ ! undes]v+ :o 7 n worse or m guilty ?an ^? :o are cr[n$4 ,if ,he is j 9 ! =m] case1 :y n 9 ! latt]8 ,9 ! =m] case ,he scatt]s favor & m]cy ^u ! unwor?y1 9 ! latt] ,he scatt]s wra? & sev]ity ^u ! undes]v+ :o are guilty 9 no high] degree ?an ^? :o are sav$4 ,9 bo? cases ,he is excessive & unrighte\s be=e 9 ! judgm5t ( m5 b j & true 9 ,8 own m9d4 ,= h[ x is j t ,he cr[ns ! unwor?y is incompreh5sible to u n[2 b we %all und]/& x :5 we h come to t place :]e we %all no long] believe1 b behold ) our face unveil$4 ,s1 too1 h[ x is j t ,he condemns ! undes]v+ we _c compreh5d n[1 yet we believe x until ! ,son ( ,man %all be reveal$4 7,e4 #bhd2 ,/4 ,l4 #ahgj47 ,( c\rse1 9 all o!r ?+s we conc$e div9e maje/y to ,god2 only 9 ,8 judgm5t we are ready to d5y x1 & _c ev5 = a little :ile believe t ,he is j1 s9ce ,he has promis$ u t1 :5 he w reveal ,8 glory1 we all %all !n bo? see & feel t ,he has be51 & is1 j4 7,e4 #cfd2 ,/4 ,l4 #aifd47 ,aga93 ,d y n ?9k t s9ce ! light ( grace has s readily solv$ a "q :i* c\ld n be solv$ by ! light ( nature1 ! light ( glory w be able to solve ) ! greate/ ease ! "q :i* 9 ! light ( ! ,^w or ( grace is unsolvable8 ,9 accordance ) ! common & good di/9ction let x be conc$$ t !re are ?ree lights--! light ( nature1 ! light ( grace1 & ! light ( glory4 ,9 ! light ( nature x is unsolvable t x %\ld be j t ! good are afflict$ :ile ! wick$ prosp]4 ,! light ( grace1 h[ev]1 solves ?is my/]y4 ,9 ! light ( grace x is unsolvable h[ ,god may condemn him :o _c by any p[] ( 8 own d o!rwise ?an s9 & be guilty4 ,!re ! light ( nature z well z ! light ( grace decl>es t ! fault is n 9 wret*$ man1 b 9 ! unju/ ,god4 ,= !y _c judge o!rwise ( ,god1 :o cr[ns a wick$ man gratuit\sly )\t any m]its1 & does n cr[n ano!r1 b condemns him1 :o p]haps is less1 or at lea/ n m wick$ ?an ! "o :o is cr[n$4 ,b ! light ( glory pron\nces a diff]5t v]dict1 & :5 x arrives1 x w %[ ,god1 ^: judgm5t is n[ t ( incompreh5sible ju/ice1 to be a ,be+ ( mo/ j & manife/ ju/ice1 :i* mean:ile we are to believe1 admoni%$ & confirm$ by ! example ( ! light ( grace1 :i* accompli%es a l miracle ) respect to ! light ( nature4 7,e4 #cfe2 ,/4 ,l4 #aife47 #bdf4 ,/atem5ts ,made by ,lu!r be=e ,publication ( ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio4 ,:]ev] ,lu!r t\*es on pr$e/9ation bo? be=e & aft] #aebe1 ess5tially ! same ?\ghts are f\nd1 ?\gh n develop$ z ext5sively z 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio4 ,he consi/5tly ma9ta9s t ,god's maje/y mu/ be nei!r d5i$ nor se>*$1 & t ,*ri/ians %\ld be admoni%$ to look & rely solely ^u ! reveal$ univ]sal promises ( ! ,gospel4 ,9 8 ,*ur* ,po/il ( #aeba we read3 ,! ?ird class ( m5 :o also approve ?is ! words ( ,paul1 ,rom4 #aa1 #cd4 #ce3 ',= :o ha? kn[n ! m9d ( ! ,"l8 ,or :o ha? be5 ,8 c\nselor8 ,or :o ha? fir/ giv5 to ,him1 & x %all be recomp5s$ unto ,him aga98' are ^? :o inde$ he> ! ,^w ( ,revelation4 ,= ,i am n n[ speak+ ( su* z delib]ately p]secute ! ,^w 7!y belong to ! fir/ class1 :o d n at all inquire ab\t ,god7 b ( ^? :o disreg>d ! revelation & l$ by ! devil1 g beyond & beside x1 seek+ to grasp ! ways & judgm5ts ( ,god :i* ,he has n reveal$4 ,n[1 if !y 7 ,*ri/ians1 !y w\ld be satisfi$ & ?ank ,god = giv+ ,8 ,^w1 9 :i* ,he %[s :at is pleas+ to ,him1 & h[ we are to be sav$4 ,b !y suff] ! devil to lead !m1 insi/ on seek+ o!r revelations1 pond] :at ,god may be 9 ,8 invisible maje/y1 h[ ,he secretly gov]ns ! _w1 & :at ,he has 9 p>ticul> decre$ = ea* "o 9 ! future4 ,= nature & human reason _c desi/2 !y w m$dle 9 ,8 judgm5t ) _! wisdom1 sit 9 ,8 mo/ secret c\ncil1 in/ruct ,him & ma/] ,him4 ,?is is ! pride ( ! f\l fi5d1 :o 0 ca/ into ! abyss ( hell = try+ to m$dle 9 matt]s ( div9e maje/y1 & :o 9 ! same way eag]ly seeks to br+ man to fall1 & to ca/ him d[n ) himself1 z he did 9 ,p>adise 9 ! beg9n+1 tempt+ also ! sa9ts & ev5 ,*ri/ ) ! same ?+1 :5 he set ,him on ! p9nacle ( ! ,temple1 etc4 ,aga9/ su* 9 p>ticul> ,/4 ,paul "h introduces ^! words ,rom4 #aa1 #cd4 #ce to ! inquisitive que/ions ( wise reason3 ,:y did ,god ?us puni% & reject ! ,jews :ile ,he p]mitt$ ! condemn$ hea!n to come to ! ,gospel8 ,aga91 ,:y does ,he gov]n on ?is wise1 t wick$ & evil m5 are exalt$ :ile ! pi\s are all[$ to und]go mis=tune & be suppress$8 ,:y does ,he call ,judas to be an apo/le & lat] on reject him :ile ,he accepts ! murd]] & malefactor8 ,by !m 8 words1 ,rom4 #aa ,paul w\ld ord] su* to cease climb+ up to ! secret ,maje/y1 & to adh]e to ! revelation :i* ,god has giv5 u4 ,= su* se>*+ & climb+ is n only 9 va91 b also h>mful4 ,?\gh y se>* 9 all et]nity1 y w nev] atta9 any?+1 b only break y\r neck4 ,b if y desire to proce$ 9 ! "r way1 y c d no bett] ?an busy+ y\rself ) ,8 ,^w & works1 9 :i* ,he has reveal$ ,himself & p]mits ,himself to be he>d & appreh5d$1 to wit1 h[ ,he sets be=e y ,8 ,son ,*ri/ ^u ! cross4 ,t is ! "w ( y\r r$emption4 ,!re y c c]ta9ly appreh5d ,god1 & see t ,he does n wi% to condemn y on acc\nt ( y\r s9s if y believe1 b to give y et]nal life1 z ,*ri/ says3 ',god s lov$ ! _w t ,he gave ,8 only-begott5 ,son1 t :osoev] believe? 9 ,him %\ld n p]i%1 b h ev]la/+ life1' 7,john #c1 #af47 ,9 ?is ,*ri/1 says ,paul1 are hid all ! treasures ( wisdom & k4 7,col4 #b1 #c47 ,& t w be m ?an en\gh = y to le>n1 /udy1 & consid]4 ,?is l(ty revelation ( ,god w also make y m>vel & w eng5d] a desire & love = ,god4 ,x is a "w :i* 9 ?is life y w nev] f9i% /udy+2 a "w ( :i*1 z ,pet] says1 ev5 ! angels _c see en\gh1 b :i* !y contemplate unceas+ly ) joy & delight4 7#a ,pet4 #a1 #ab47 ,?is ,i say t we may "k h[ to in/ruct & direct ^? 7if su* we %\ld meet )7 :o are be+ afflict$ & torm5t$ by su* ?\ghts ( ! devil to tempt ,god1 :5 he entices !m to se>* ! devi\s ways ( ,god outside ( revelation1 & to grope ab\t try+ to fa?om :at ,god plans = !m--:]eby !y are l$ into su* d\bt & despair t !y "k n h[ !y w survive4 ,su* p mu/ be rem9d$ ( ^! words ,rom4 #aa1 & be rebuk$ ) !m 7z ,/4 ,paul rebukes 8 ,jews & wiseacres7 = seek+ to appreh5d ,god ) _! wisdom & to s*ool ,him1 z ,8 advis]s & ma/]s1 & = deal+ ) ,him by !mselves )\t means1 & = giv+ ,him s mu* t ,he mu/ requite !m aga94 ,= no?+ w come ( x2 ,he has c>efully built s high t y w n ?us scale ,him by y\r climb+4 ,8 wisdom1 c\nsel1 & ri*es are s great t y w nev] be able to fa?om or to exhau/ !m4 ,!re=e be glad t ,he p]mits y to "k & receive ^! ?+s some:at by revelation4 7,e4 #i1 #ae sqq42 ,/4 ,l4 #ab1 #fda sqq47 ,9 a s]mon on #b ,pet4 #a1 #aj1 deliv]$ 9 #aebc & publi%$ 9 #aebd1 ,lu!r said3 ,"h a limit beyond :i* we may n g has be5 set = u h[ to treat ( pr$e/9ation4 ,_m frivol\s spirits1 :o h n felt mu* ( fai?1 tumble 91 /rike at ! top1 conc]n+ !mselves fir/ ( all ) ?is matt]1 & seek to det]m9e by means ( _! reason :e!r !y are elect$ 9 ord] to be c]ta9 ( _! /&+4 ,f ?is y mu/ desi/1 x is n ! hilt ( ! matt]4 ,if y w\ld be c]ta91 y mu/ atta9 to ?is goal by tak+ ! way :i* ,pet] "h proposes4 ,take ano!r1 & y h already gone a/ray2 y\r own exp]i5ce mu/ tea* y4 ,if fai? is well ex]cis$ & /ress$1 y w f9ally become sure ( ! matt]1 s t y w n fail4 7,e4 #eb1 #bbd1 ,/4 ,l4 #i1 #acec47 ,aft] a discussion at ,witt5b]g ) a fanatic f ,antw]p1 9 #aebe1 ,lu!r wrote a lett] ( w>n+ to ! ,*ri/ians ( ,antw]p1 9 :i* he speaks ( ,god's w ) respect to s9 9 an illum9at+ mann] z foll[s3 ,mo/ ( all he ! fanatic fi]cely cont5d$ t ,god's comm& 0 good1 & t ,god did n desire s91 :i* is true )\t a d\bt2 & ! fact t we also confess$ ?is did n d u any good4 ,b he w\ld n admit t1 al?\gh ,god does n desire s91 ,he nev]!less p]mits 7v]ha5gt7 x to happ51 & su* p]mission c]ta9ly does n come to pass )\t ,8 w4 ,= :o compels ,him to p]mit x8 ,aye1 h[ c\ld ,he p]mit x if x 0 n ,8 w to p]mit x8 ,"h he exalt$ 8 reason1 & s\ght to compreh5d h[ ,god c\ld n desire s91 & /ill1 by p]mitt+ s91 w x1 imag9+ t he c\ld exhau/ ! abyss ( div9e maje/y3 h[ ^! two wills may exi/ side by side4444 ,nor d ,i d\bt t he w quote me to y z say+ t ,god desires s94 ,to ?is ,i w\ld h]e) reply t he wrongs me1 & z he is o!rwise full ( lies1 s also he does n speak ! tru? 9 ?is matt]4 ,i say t ,god has =bidd5 s91 & does n desire x4 ,?is w has be5 reveal$ to u1 & x is necess>y = u to "k x4 ,b 9 :at mann] ,god p]mits or wills s91 ?is we are n to "k2 = ,he has n reveal$ x4 ,/4 ,paul himself w\ld n & c\ld n "k x1 say+1 ,rom4 #i1 #bj3 ',o man1 :o art ?\ t replie/ aga9/ ,god8' ,!re=e ,i besee* y 9 case ?is _s %\ld tr\ble y mu* ) ! l(ty "q reg>d+ ! secret w ( ,god1 to dep>t f him & to speak ?us3 ',is x too little t ,god in/ructs u 9 ,8 public proclaim$ w1 :i* ,he has reveal$ to u8 ,:y1 !n1 d y gull u seek+ to lead u into t :i* we are =bidd5 to "k1 are unable to "k1 & :i* y d n "k y\rself8 ,let ! mann] 9 :i* t comes to pass be comm5d$ to ,god2 x suffices u to "k t ,he desires no s94 ,9 :at way1 h[ev]1 ,he p]mits or wills s91 ?is we %all leave unansw]$ 7soll5 wir geh5 lass574 ,! s]vant is n to "k 8 ma/]'s secrets b :at 8 ma/] enjo9s ^u him1 mu* less is a poor creature to explore & desire to "k ! secrets ( ! maje/y ( its ,god1'--,behold1 my de> fri5ds1 "h y may p]ceive t ! devil always makes a practise ( pres5t+ unnecess>y1 va91 & impossible ?+s 9 ord] !reby to tempt ! frivol\s to =sake ! "r pa?4 ,!re=e take he$ t y abide by t :i* is ne$ful1 & :i* ,god has comm&$ u to "k1 z ! wise man says3 ',d n inquire = t :i* is too high = y1 b always rema9 ) t :i* ,god has comm&$ y1' ,we all h "w en\gh to le>n all our lifetime ,god's comm& & ,8 ,son ,*ri/4 7,e4 #ec1 #cde2 ,/4 ,l4 #aj1 #aeca2 ,weim> #ah1 #edi;f47 #bdg4 ,/atem5ts ,made by ,lu!r 9 #aebh4 ,9 a lett] ( com=t writt5 ,july #bj1 #aebh1 ,lu!r says3 ,a few days ago my de> bro!r ,casp> ,crucig]1 ,doctor ( ,div9ity1 in=m$ me ) grief t on 8 v>i\s visitations he le>n$ f y\r fri5ds t y are afflict$ ) abnormal & /range ?\ghts p]ta9+ to ,god's pr$e/9ation1 & are completely confus$ by !m2 also t y gr[ dull & di/ract$ on acc\nt ( !m1 & t f9ally x mu/ be fe>$ t y might commit suicide1--f :i* ,almighty ,god may pres]ve y6444 ,y\r proposition & compla9ts are3 ,god ,almighty kn[s f et]nity :o are to be & :o w be sav$1 be !y dead1 liv+ or /ill to live 9 days to come1--:i* is true1 & %all & mu/ be conc$$2 = ,he kn[s all ?+s1 & !re is no?+ hidd5 f ,him1 s9ce ,he has c\nt$ & kn[s exactly ! drops 9 ! sea1 ! />s 9 ! heav5s1 ! roots1 bran*es1 twigs1 leaves ( all trees1 also all ! hair ( m54 ,f ?is y f9ally conclude t1 d :at y w1 good or evil1 ,god /ill kn[s :e!r y %all be sav$ or n 7:i* is inde$ true7 yet1 at ! same "t1 y ?9k m ( damnation ?an ( salvation & on t acc\nt y are fa9t-he>t$1 nor d y "k h[ ,god is m9d$ t[>d y2 h5ce y gr[ dispirit$ & altoge!r d\btful4 ,aga9/ ?is ,i1 z a s]vant ( my de> ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 give y ?is advice & com=t1 t y may "k h[ ,god ,almighty is dispos$ t[>d y1 :e!r y are elect$ unto salvation or damnation4 ,al?\gh ,god ,almighty kn[s all ?+s1 & all works & ?\ghts 9 all creatures mu/ come to pass accord+ to ,8 w 7iuxta decretum voluntatis suae71 x is nev]!less ,8 e>ne/ w & purpose1 aye1 ,8 comm&1 decre$ f et]nity1 to save all m5 & make !m p>tak]s ( et]nal joy1 z is cle>ly /at$ ,ezek4 #ah1 #bc1 :]e ,he says3 ,god does n desire ! dea? ( ! wick$ b t ! wick$ turn & live4 ,n[1 if ,he desires to save & to h sav$ ! s9n]s :o live & move "u ! wide & high heav51 !n y mu/ n sep>ate y\rself f ! grace ( ,god by y\r fooli% ?\ghts1 inspir$ by ! devil4 ,= ,god's grace ext5ds & /ret*es f ea/ to we/ f s\? to nor?1 ov]%ad[+ all :o turn1 truly rep5t1 & make !mselves p>tak]s ( ,8 m]cy & desire help4 ,= ,he is 'ri* unto all t call ^u ,him1' ,rom4 #aj1 #ab4 ,?is1 h[ev] requires true & g5u9e fai?1 :i* expels su* fa9t-he>t$ness & despair & is our righte\sness1 z x is writt5 ,rom4 #c1 #bb3 '! righte\sness ( ,god ?r\gh fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ unto all & ^u all4' ,m>k ^! words1 9 omnes1 sup] omnes 7unto all1 ^u all71 :e!r y also belong to !m1 & are "o ( ^? :o lie & grovel "u ! bann] ( ! s9n]s4 ,?9k also z con/antly & e>ne/ly ( salvation z y n[ d ( damnation1 & com=t y\rself ) ,god's ,^w1 :i* is true & ev]la/+1 !n su* ill w9ds w cease & pass entirely4 ,?us we are to com=t our he>ts & consci5ces1 sil5ce & resi/ ! evil ?\ghts by & ) ! div9e ,scriptures4 ,= "o mu/ n speculate ab\t ,god's ,^w1 b be /ill1 drop reason &1 hold+ ! ,^w to be true1 believe x1 & n ca/ x to ! w9ds1 nor give ! ,evil ,_s s mu* p[] z to suff] ourselves to be ov]come1 & ?us to s9k & p]i%4 ,= ! ,^w1 by :i* all ?+s & creatures 9 all ! wide _w1 no matt] :at !y are call$1 h be5 creat$ & made & by :i* all t lives & moves is /ill ri*ly pres]v$1 is true & et]nal2 & x mu/ be acc\nt$ & held to be great] & m important1 mighti] & m p[]ful ?an ! flutt]+1 empty1 & va9 ?\ghts :i* ! devil inspires 9 m54 ,= ! ,^w is true1 b ! ?\ghts ( m5 are useless & va94 ,"o mu/ also ?9k ?us3 ,god ,almighty has n creat$1 pr$e/9at$1 & elect$ u to p]dition1 b to salvation1 z ,paul ass]ts1 ,eph4 #a1 #d2 nor %\ld we beg9 to dispute ab\t ,god's pr$e/9ation f ! ,law or reason1 b f ! grace ( ,god & ! ,gospel1 :i* is proclaim$ to all m54 ,h5ce ^! & simil> ?\ghts ab\t ,god's pr$e/9ation mu/ be judg$ & decid$ f ! ,^w ( ,god's grace & m]cy4 ,:5 ?is is done1 !re rema9s no room or occasion = a man ?us to pe/] & torm5t himself1--:i* nei!r avails any?+ ev5 if he %\ld draw ! m>r[ out ( 8 bones1 leav+ only sk9 & hair4 7,e4 #ed1 #ba;ff47 #bdh4 ,/atem5ts ,made by ,lu!r 9 #aeca & #aecc4 ,9 a lett] ( com=t1 dat$ ,april #cj1 #aeca1 ,lu!r ref]s to ! fact t he1 too1 _h pass$ ?r\gh temptation conc]n+ pr$e/9ation4 ,=1 says he1 ,i am well acqua9t$ ) ?is malady1 hav+ la9 9 ?is hospital sick unto et]nal dea?4 ,n[1 9 addition to my pray] ,i w\ld gladly advise & com=t y1 ?\gh writ+ is weak 9 su* an affair4 ,h[ev]1 ,i %all n omit :at ,i am able to d 7p]haps ,god w bless x71 & %[ y h[ ,god help$ me out ( ?is affliction1 & by :at art ,i /ill daily ma9ta9 myself aga9/ x4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 y mu/ be firmly assur$ 9 y\r he>t t su* ?\ghts are )\t d\bt ! inspiration & ! fi]y d>ts ( ! f\l fi5d4444 ,h5ce x is c]ta9 t !y d n proce$ f ,god1 b f ! devil1 :o !re) plagues a he>t t man may become an enemy ( ,god & despair1--all ( :i* ,god has /rictly =bidd5 9 ! ,fir/ ,comm&m5t1 bidd+ m5 to tru/1 love1 & praise ,him--:]eby we live4 ,secondly3 ,:5 su* ?\ghts come to y1 y mu/ le>n to ask y\rself1 ',fri5d1 9 :at comm&m5t is x writt5 t ,i mu/ ?9k or treat ( ?is8'444 ,f\r?ly3 ,! *ief ( all ! comm&m5ts ( ,god is t we picture be=e our eyes ,8 de> ,son1 our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he is to be ! daily & ! *ief mirror ( our he>t1 9 :i* we see h[ de> we are to ,god1 & h[ mu* ,he has c>$ = u z a good ,god1 s t ,he ev5 gave ,8 de> ,son = u4 ,"h1 "h1 ,i say1 & n[h]e else1 a man c le>n ! true art ( pr$e/9ation4 ,!n x w come to pass t y believe on ,*ri/4 ,& if y believe1 !n y are call$2 if y are call$1 !n y are also surely pr$e/9at$4 ,d n suff] ?is mirror & ?rone ( grace to be pluck$ f ! eyes ( y\r he>t4 ,on ! contr>y :5 su* ?\ghts come & bite l fi]y s]p5ts1 !n "u no circum/ances look at ! ?\ghts or ! fi]y s]p5ts1 b turn y\r eyes away f !m & look ^u ! braz5 s]p5t1 i4e41 ,*ri/ deliv]$ = u4 ,!n1 by ! grace ( ,god1 matt]s w m5d4 7,/4 ,l4 #aj1 #agdd sq42 ,e4 #ed1 #bbh47 ,9 ,lu!r's ,h\se ,po/il ( #aecc we read3 ,f ! la/ passage3 ',_m are call$1 b few are *os51' wiseacres draw v>i\s false & ungodly conclusions4 ,!y argue3 ,he :om ,god has elect$ is sav$ )\t means2 b z = him :o is n elect$1 may he d :at he w1 be z pi\s & believ+ z he w1 x is nev]!less orda9$ t he mu/ fall & _c be sav$2 h5ce ,i w let matt]s take :at c\rse !y w4 ,if ,i am to be sav$1 x is accompli%$ )\t my assi/ance2 if n1 all ,i may d & und]take is nev]!less 9 va94 ,n[ e "o may readily see = himself :at sort ( wick$1 secure p develop f su* ?\ghts4 ,h[ev]1 9 treat+ ( ! passage f ! ,prophet ,micah on ! day ( ,epiphany1 we h suffici5tly %[n t "o mu/ gu>d aga9/ su* ?\ghts z aga9/ ! devil1 und]take ano!r mann] ( /udy+ & ?9k+ ( ,god's w1 & let ,god 9 ,8 maje/y & ) respect to election unt\*$ unse>*$2 = !re ,he is incompreh5sible4 ,nor is x possible t a man %\ld n be (f5d$ by su* ?\ghts1 & ei!r fall into despair or become altoge!r wick$ & reckless4 ,b :oev] w\ld "k ,god & ,8 w aright mu/ walk ! "r way4 ,!n he w n be (f5d$1 b be made bett]4 ,! "r way1 h[ev]1 is ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 z ,he says3 ',no "o come? unto ! ,fa!r b by ,me1' ,:oev] kn[s ! ,fa!r aright & w\ld come unto ,him mu/ fir/ come to ,*ri/ & le>n to "k ,him1 viz41 z foll[s3 ,*ri/ is ,god's ,son1 & is almighty1 et]nal ,god4 ,:at does ! ,son ( ,god n[ d8 ,he becomes man = our sakes1 is made "u ! ,law to r$eem u f ! ,law1 & 0 ,himself crucifi$ 9 ord] to pay = our s9s4 ,he rises aga9 f ! dead1 9 ord] by ,8 resurrection to pave ! way to et]nal life = u1 & to aid u aga9/ et]nal dea?4 ,he sits at ! "r h& ( ,god 9 ord] to repres5t u1 to give u ! ,holy ,_s1 to gov]n & lead u by ,him1 & to protect ,8 believ]s aga9/ all tribulations & ins9uations ( ,satan4 ,t means kn[+ ,*ri/ rightly4 ,n[ :5 ?is k has be5 cle>ly & firmly e/abli%$ 9 y\r he>t1 !n beg9 to asc5d into heav5 & make ?is conclusion3 ,s9ce ! ,son ( ,god has done ?is = ! sake ( m51 h[1 !n1 mu/ ,god's he>t be dispos$ to u1 see+ t ,8 ,son did x by ! ,fa!r's w & comm&8 ,is x n true t y\r own reason w compel y to say3 ,s9ce ,god has ?us deliv]$ ,8 only-begott5 ,son = u1 & has n sp>$ ,him = our sakes1 ,he surely _c h>bor evil int5tions aga9/ u8 ,evid5tly ,he does n desire our dea?1 = ,he seeks & employs ! v be/ means t[>d assi/+ u to obta9 et]nal life4 ,9 ?is mann] "o comes to ,god 9 ! "r way1 z ,*ri/ ,himself decl>es1 ,john #c1 #af3 ,god s lov$ ! _w t ,he gave ,8 only-begott5 ,son1 t :osoev] believe? 9 ,him %\ld n p]i%1 b h ev]la/+ life4 ,n[ contra/ ^! ?\ghts ) ^? t gr[ out ( ! =m] op9ion1 & !y w be f\nd to be ! ?\ghts ( ! f\l fi5d1 :i* mu/ (f5d a man1 caus+ him ei!r to despair1 or to become reckless & ungodly1 s9ce he c expect no?+ good f ,god4 ,"s conceive o!r ?\ghts1 expla9+ ! words ?us3 ',_m are call$'1 i4e41 ,god (f]s ,8 grace to _m1 b few are *os51 i4e41 ,he imp>ts su* grace to only a few2 = only a few are sav$4 ,?is is an altoge!r wick$ explanation4 ,= h[ is x possible = "o :o holds & believes no?+ else ( ,god n to be an enemy ( ,god1 ^: w alone mu/ be blam$ = ! fact t n all ( u are sav$8 ,contra/ ?is op9ion ) ! "o t is =m$ :5 a man fir/ le>ns to "k ! ,"l ,*ri/1 & x w be f\nd to be no?+ b devili% blasphemy4 ,h5ce ! s5se ( ?is passage1 ',_m are call$1' etc41 is f> diff]5t4 ,= ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel is g5]al & public1 s t :oev] w may he> & accept x4 ,fur!rmore1 ,god has x prea*$ s g5]ally & publicly t e "o %\ld he>1 believe1 & accept x1 & be sav$4 ,b :at happ5s8 ,z ! ,gospel /ates3 ',few are *os51' i4e41 few conduct !mselves t[>d ! ,gospel 9 su* a mann] t ,god has pleasure 9 !m4 ,= "s d n he> & he$ x2 o!rs he> x1 b d n cl+ to x1 be+ loa? ei!r to risk or suff] any?+ = x2 /ill o!rs he> x1 b are m conc]n$ ab\t money & goods1 or ! pleasures ( ! _w4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is displeas+ to ,god1 :o has no pleasure 9 su* p4 ,?is ,*ri/ calls 'n to be *os51' i4e41 conduct+ oneself s t ,god has no pleasure 9 "o4 ,^? m5 are *os5 ( ,god & well-pleas+ to ,him :o dilig5tly he> ! ,gospel1 believe 9 ,*ri/1 prove _! fai? by good fruits1 & suff] on t acc\nt :at !y are call$ to suff]4 ,?is is ! true s5se1 :i* c (f5d no "o1 b makes m5 bett]1 s t !y ?9k3 ,v well1 if ,i am to please ,god & be elect$1 ,i _c af=d to live s z to h an evil consci5ce1 s9 aga9/ ,god's comm&m5ts1 & be unwill+ to resi/ s92 b ,i mu/ g to *ur*1 & pray ,god = ,8 ,holy ,_s2 nor mu/ ,i p]mit ! ,^w to be tak5 out ( my he>t1 b resi/ ! devil & 8 sugge/ions1 & pray = protection1 pati5ce1 & help4 ,?is makes good ,*ri/ians1 :]eas ^? :o ?9k t ,god begrudges salvation to any "o ei!r become reckless or secure1 wick$ p1 :o live l brutes1 ?9k+3 ,x has already be5 orda9$ :e!r ,i am to be sav$ or n2 :y1 !n1 %\ld ,i /9t myself any?+8 ,to ?9k ?us is wrong2 = y are comm&$ to he> ,god's ,^w & to believe ,*ri/ to be y\r ,savior1 :o has paid = y\r s94 ,rememb] ?is comm& & obey x4 ,if y notice t y are lack+ fai?1 or t y\r fai? is weak1 pray ,god to grant y ,8 ,holy ,gho/1 & d n d\bt t ,*ri/ is y\r ,savior1 & t if y believe 9 ,him1 i4e41 if y take com=t 9 ,him1 y %all by ,him be sav$4 ,de> ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 grant ?is unto u all6 ,am54 7,e4 #a1 #bjd2 ,/4 ,l4 #ac1 #aii47 #bdi4 ,/atem5ts ,made by ,lu!r 9 #aech & #aede4 ,9 8 rem>ks ( #aech on ,matt4 #aa1 #be4 #bf1 ,lu!r says3 ,*ri/ speaks especially aga9/ ^? :o w\ld be wise & judge 9 religi\s matt]s1 because !y h on _! side ! ,law & human reason1 :i* is ov]wise1 exalt+ itself aga9/ ! true religion bo? by tea*+ & by judg+4 ,h5ce ,*ri/ "h praises ,god z do+ "r :5 ,he conceals ,8 secrets f ! wise & prud5t1 because !y want to be ov] & n "u ,god4 ,n z ?\gh ,he hid x 9 fact or desir$ to hide x 7= ,he comm&s x to be prea*$ publicly "u ! entire heav5 & 9 all l&s71 b t ,he has *os5 t k9d ( prea*+ :i* ! wise & prud5t abhor by nature1 & :i* is hidd5 f !m ?r\gh _! own fault1 s9ce !y d n want to h x--z is writt5 ,is4 #f1 #i3 ',see ye inde$1 b p]ceive n1' ,lo1 !y see1 i4e41 !y h ! doctr9e :i* is prea*$ bo? pla9ly & publicly4 ,/ill !y d n p]ceive1 = !y turn away f x & refuse to h x4 ,?us !y hide ! tru? f !mselves by _! own bl9dness4 ,& s1 on ! o!r h&1 ,he reveals x to ! babes2 = ! babes receive x :5 x is reveal$ to !m4 ,to !m ! tru? is reveal$ s9ce !y wi% & desire x4 7,w4 #g1 #acc47 ,9 a lett] giv+ com=t conc]n+ pr$e/9ation1 dat$ ,augu/ #h1 #aede1 ,lu!r wrote3 ,my de> ma/] & fri5d ,n4 has in=m$ me t y are at times 9 tribulation ab\t ,god's et]nal pr$e/9ation1 & reque/$ me to write y ?is %ort lett] on t matt]4 ,n[ to be sure1 ?is is a sore tribulation4 ,b to ov]come x "o mu/ "k t we are =bidd5 to und]/& ?is or to speculate ab\t x4 ,= :at ,god wants to conceal we %\ld be glad n to "k4 ,?is is ! apple ! eat+ ( :i* br\ght dea? ^u ,adam & ,eve & ^u all _! *ildr51 :5 !y want$ to "k :at !y 7 n to "k4 ,= z x is s9 to commit murd]1 to /eal1 or to curse1 s x is also s9 to busy oneself se>*+ su* ?+s4 ,z an antidote to ?is ,god has giv5 u ,8 ,son1 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,( ,him we mu/ daily ?9k2 9 ,him we mu/ consid] ourselves 7uns 9 ihm spiegeln74 ,!n pr$e/9ation w appe> lovely4 ,= outside ( ,*ri/ ev]y?+ is only dang]1 dea?1 & ! devil2 9 ,him1 h[ev]1 !re is no?+ b peace & joy4 ,= if "o =ev] torm5ts himself ) pr$e/9ation1 all "o ga9s is angui% ( s\l4 ,h5ce flee & avoid su* ?\ghts z ! affliction ( ! s]p5t ( ,p>adise1 &1 in/ead1 look ^u ,*ri/4 ,god pres]ve y6 7,e4 #ef1 #adj2 ,/4 ,l4 #aj4 #agdh47 #bej4 ,/atem5ts ,made by ,lu!r 9 ,8 ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis4 ,lu!r's caet]um c5seo1 t we are nei!r to d5y nor to se>* ! hidd5 ,god 7:o _c be appreh5d$ 9 ,8 b>e maje/y--qui 9 nuda sua maie/ate non pote/ appreh5di1 ,e41 ,op4 ,lat4 #b1 #aga71 b to adh]e to ! revelation ,he has giv5 u 9 ! ,gospel1 is repeat$ aga9 & aga9 also 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis1 :i* 0 begun 9 #aecf & complet$ 9 #aede4 ,9 ! explanation ( *ap4 #bf1 #i we read1 9 "p3 ,i gladly take occasion f ?is passage to discuss ! "q conc]n+ d\bt1 conc]n+ ,god & ,god's w4 ,= ,i he> t ev]y:]e among ! nobles & magnates pr(ane say+s are spread conc]n+ pr$e/9ation or div9e presci5ce4 ,= !y say3 ',if ,i am pr$e/9at$1 ,i %all be sav$1 :e!r ,i h done good or evil4 ,if ,i am n pr$e/9at$1 ,i %all be damn$1 )\t any reg>d :atev] to my works4' ,aga9/ ^! ungodly say+s ,i w\ld gladly argue at l5g? if my ill heal? w\ld p]mit4 ,= if ^! say+s are true1 z !y believe !m to be1 !n ! inc>nation ( ! ,son ( ,god1 ,8 suff]+ & resurrection1 & :atev] ,he did = ! salvation ( ! _w1 is entirely aboli%$4 ,:at w\ld ! prophets & ! entire ,holy ,scriptures pr(it u8 :at ! ,sacram5ts8 ,let u !re=e ab&on & cru% all ?is1 all ^! ungodly say+s4 ,lu!r proce$s3 ,^! ?\ghts mu/ be oppos$ by ! true & firm k ( ,*ri/1 ev5 z ,i frequ5tly admoni% t above all x is useful & necess>y t our k ( ,god be absolutely c]ta91 & be+ appreh5d$ by firm ass5t ( ! m9d1 cleave 9 u1 z o!rwise our fai? w be 9 va94 ,= if ,god does n /& by ,8 promises1 !n our salvation is done =1 :ile on ! contr>y ?is is to be our consolation t1 al?\gh we *ange1 we may nev]!less flee to ,him :o is un*angeable4 ,= ?is is :at ,he affirms ( ,himself1 ,mal4 #c1 #f3 ',i am ! ,"l1 ,i *ange n1' & ,rom4 #aa1 #bi3 ',= ! gifts & call+ ( ,god are )\t rep5tance4' ,accord+ly1 9 ! book ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio & else:]e ,i h taught t we mu/ di/+ui% :5 we treat ( ! k ( ,god or1 r1 ( ,8 ess5ce4 ,= "o mu/ argue ei!r conc]n+ ! hidd5 or ! reveal$ ,god4 ,conc]n+ ,god1 9 s f> z ,he has n be5 reveal$ to u1 !re is no fai?1 no k1 no cognition :atev]4 ,"h "o mu/ apply ! say+3 ,:at is above u does n conc]n u 7,quae supra nos1 nihil ad nos74 ,= su* ?\ghts z se>* = some?+ high]1 beyond or )\t ! revelation ( ,god1 are altoge!r diabolical2 & by !m no?+ else is a*iev$ ?an t we plunge ourselves into p]dition1 because !y are occupi$ ) an unse>*able object1 i4e41 ! unreveal$ ,god4 ,inde$1 r let ,god keep ,8 decrees & my/]ies conceal$ f u1 = !re is no reason :y we %\ld labor s mu* t !y be disclos$ to u4 ,moses1 too1 ask$ ,god to %[ ,8 face1 or glory1 to him4 ,b ! ,"l answ]$1 ,ex4 #cc1 #bc3 ',?\ %alt see ,my back p>ts2 b ,my face %all n be se54 ,po/]iora mea tibi o/5dam1 faciem autem meam vid]e non pot]is4' ,= ?is curiosity is orig9al s9 itself1 by :i* we are impell$ to seek = a way to ,god by natural speculation4 ,b x is an enorm\s s9 & a useless & va9 endeavor4 ,= ,*ri/ says1 ,john #f1 #fe2 #ad1 #f3 ',no man come? unto ! ,fa!r b by ,me4' ,h5ce1 :5 we approa* ! non-reveal$ ,god1 !re is no fai?1 no ^w1 nor any k1 because ,he is an invisible ,god :om y w n make visible4 ,) special ref]5ce to 8 book ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio ,lu!r cont9ues3 ,x 0 my desire to urge & set =? ^! ?+s1 because aft] my dea? _m w quote my books & by !m try to prove & confirm all mann] ( errors & follies ( _! own4 ,n[1 among o!rs ,i h writt5 t all ?+s are absolute & necess>y2 b at ! same "t 7& v (t5 at o!r times7 ,i add$ t we mu/ look ^u ! reveal$ ,god1 z we s+ 9 ! ,psalm3 ',er heis/ ,jesus ,*ri/1 d] ,h]r ,zebao?1 und i/ ke9 &r] ,gott1' ',jesus ,*ri/ x is1 ( ,sabao? ,"l1 & !re's none o!r ,god4' ,b !y w pass by all ^! passages1 & pick out ^? only conc]n+ ! hidd5 ,god4 ,y1 !re=e1 :o are n[ he>+ me1 rememb] t ,i h taught t we mu/ n inquire conc]n+ ! pr$e/9ation ( ! hidd5 ,god1 b acquiesce 9 t :i* is reveal$ by ! call & ! m9i/ry ( ! ,^w4 ,= !re y c be c]ta9 reg>d+ y\r fai? & salvation & say3 ,i believe 9 ! ,son ( ,god :o said3 ',he t believe? on ! ,son ha? ev]la/+ life1' ,john #c1 #cf4 ,9 ,him !re=e is no damnation or wra?1 b ! good w ( ,god ! ,fa!r4 ,b ^! v ?+s ,i h set =? also else:]e 9 my books1 & n[ ,i transmit !m orally1 too1 viva voce2 h5ce ,i am excus$--ideo sum excusatus4 7,e41 ,op4 ,exeg4 #f1 #bjj4 #bib4 #cjj2 ,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #hig;f47 #bea4 ,lu!r ,nev] ,retract$ ,8 ,doctr9e ( ,grace4 ,x has frequ5tly be5 ass]t$ t ,lu!r 9 8 lat] ye>s recall$ 8 book ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio1 & retract$1 *ang$ & ess5tially modifi$ 8 orig9al doctr9e ( grace1 or1 at lea/ sil5tly1 ab&on$ x & relegat$ x to oblivion4 ,philippi says 9 8 ,glaub5slehre 7#d1 #a1 #cg73 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,re=mation be=e #aebe ! doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation fell completely into ! backgr\nd4 ,b :5 ,erasmus1 9 8 endeavors to re/ore ,semi-,pelagianism1 inject$ into ! issue also ! "q ( pr$e/9ation1 ,lu!r1 9 8 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio ) an ov]bold defiance1 did n %r9k f draw+ also ! inf]5ces f 8 position4 ,he1 h[ev]1 n only nev] aft]w>ds repeat$ ?is doctr9e1 b 9 reality taught ! v opposite 9 8 unequivocal proclamation ( ! univ]sality ( div9e grace1 ( ! all-suffici5cy ( ! m]its ( ,*ri/1 & ( ! univ]sal op]ation ( ! means ( grace2 & he ev5 oppos$ t doctr9e ( ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio expressly z errone\s1 & by 8 corrections took back 8 e>li] utt]ances on t subject4 ,endors+ ,philippi's view z accord+ well ) ! facts 9 ! case1 ,j4 ,w4 ,ri*>d1 :o1 too1 *>ges ! e>ly ,lu!r ) absolute pr$e/9>ianism1 rem>ks3 ,b ?is is c]ta93 ! old] ,lu!r became1 ! m did he drop 8 e>li] pr$e/9>ianism into ! backgr\nd & ! m did he lay /ress on ! grace ( ,god & on ! means ( grace1 :i* (f] salvation to all m5 79 omnes1 sup] omnes7 )\t p>tiality1 & convey salvation to all :o believe4 7,conf4 ,hi/41 #ccf47 ,"t & aga9 simil> ass]tions h be5 repeat$1 p>ticul>ly by syn]gi/ic !ologians4 ,b !y are n support$ by ! facts4 ,lu!r1 z 8 books abundantly %[1 0 nev] a prea*] ( pr$e/9>ianism 7limit$ grace1 limit$ r$emption1 etc471 b always a mess5g] ( ,god's univ]sal grace 9 ,*ri/1 (f]$ 9 ! means ( grace to all poor & p5it5t s9n]s4 ,9 8 public prea*+ & tea*+ pr$e/9ation nev] pr$om9at$4 ,*ri/ ,crucifi$ & ,8 m]its (f]$ 9 ! ,gospel always /ood 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio ,lu!r truly says3 ,we1 too1 tea* no?+ else ?an ,*ri/ ,crucifi$4 7,/4 ,l4 #ah1 #agbc2 ,e4 v4 a4 #g1 #afj47 ,lu!r's s]mons & books prea*$ & publi%$ be=e z well z aft] #aebe refute ! idea t he ev] made pr$e/9ation1 let alone pr$e/9>ianism1 ! c5t] ( 8 tea*+ & prea*+4 ,x is a fiction t only v gradually ,lu!r became a prea*] ( univ]sal grace & ( ! means ( grace4 ,9 fact1 he himself z well z 8 entire re=mation 7 products ( ! prea*+1 n ( pr$e/9>ianism1 b ( ,god's grace & p>don (f]$ to all 9 absolution & 9 ! means ( grace4 ,! b5t ( ,lu!r's m9d 0 n speculative1 b truly evangelical & ,scriptural4 ,nor is x probable t he w\ld ev] h ent]$ ^u ! "q ( pr$e/9ation to su* an ext5t z he did 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio1 if ! provocation _h n come f )\t4 ,x 0 ! rationali/ic1 ,semi-,pelagian attack ( ,erasmus on ! fundam5tal ,*ri/ian tru?s conc]n+ man's inability 9 spiritual matt]s & 8 salvation by grace alone :i*1 9 ,lu!r's op9ion1 call$ = j su* an answ] z he gave 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio4 ,:]ev] ! occasion dem&$ x ,lu!r 0 ready to def5d also ! tru? conc]n+ ,god's maje/y & supremacy1 b he always 0 & rema9$ a prea*] ( ! univ]sal m]cy ( ,god z reveal$ 9 ,*ri/ ,crucifi$4 ,nor is !re any solid f\ndation :atev] = ! ass]tion t ,lu!r lat] on retract$ 8 book aga9/ ,erasmus or ab&on$ its doctr9e1 --a fact at pres5t g5]ally admitt$ also by dis9t]e/$ hi/orians4 7,frank #a1 #abi4 #ace4 #abe47 ,9 8 criticism ( ! ,book ( ,confutation1 dat$ ,m>* #g1 #aeei ,l&grave ,philip ( ,hesse decl>$3 ,z to free w1 we a long "t ago h read ! writ+s ( ,lu!r & ,erasmus ( ,rott]dam z well z _! respective replies2 &1 al?\gh 9 ! beg9n+ !y 7 f> ap>t1 ,lu!r "s ye>s lat] saw ! disposition ( ! common p & gave a bett] explanation 7und si* bess] erkla]et72 & we believe1 if a synod 7 held & "o w\ld he> ! o!r1 !y w\ld come to a bro!rly agreem5t 9 ?is article4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #gfj47 ,b ,flacius imm$iately decl>$ t ?is ass]tion 0 false1 z appe>$ f ,lu!r's ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis & 8 lett] to ! ,elector conc]n+ ! ,reg5sburg ,int]im4 7,preg] #b1 #hb47 ,s*aff writes3 ,! ,philippi/ ,*ri/oph] ,lasius fir/ ass]t$1 #aefh t ,lu!r _h recall$ 8 book ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio2 b ?is 0 indignantly *>act]iz$ by ,flacius & ,we/phal z a wret*$ lie & an insult to ! evangelical *ur*4 ,! fact is t ,lu!r emphatically reaffirm$ ?is book1 9 a lett] to ,capito ,july #i1 #afcg1 z "o ( 8 v be/4 7,cre$s #a1 #cjc47 ,9 8 lett] to ,capito1 ,lu!r says3 ,nullum enim agnosco meum iu/um librum nisi =te ',de ,s]vo ,arbitrio' et ',cate*ismum1' ?us endors+ ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio 9 ! same mann] z 8 ,cate*ism4 7,end]s #aa1 #bdg47 ,be=e ?is ,lu!r _h said at 8 table3 ,erasmus has writt5 aga9/ me 9 8 booklet ,hyp]aspi/es1 9 :i* he endeavors to def5d 8 book ,on ,free ,w1 aga9/ :i* ,i wrote my book ,on ! ,enslav$ ,w1 :i* z yet he has n refut$1 & w nev] 9 et]nity be able to refute4 ,?is ,i "k = c]ta91 & ,i defy & *all5ge ! devil toge!r ) all 8 m9ions to refute x4 ,= ,i am c]ta9 t x is ! immutable tru? ( ,god4 7,/4 ,l4 #bj1 #ajha47 ,despite num]\s endeavors1 d[n to ! pres5t day1 n a %r$ ( conv9c+ evid5ce has be5 produc$ %[+ t ,lu!r ev] wav]$ 9 ?is position1 or *ang$ 8 doctr9e ( grace4 ,lu!r's ext5sive ref]5ce to ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis1 f :i* we freely quot$ above1 has frequ5tly be5 int]pret$ z a quasi-retraction4 ,b accord+ to ! ,=mula ( ,concord ^! expositions ( ,lu!r's m]ely repeat & expla9 8 =m] position4 ,!y c]ta9ly d n (f] any corrections ( 8 =m] fundam5tal views4 ,lu!r does n speak ( any errors ( 8 own1 b ( errors ( o!rs :i* !y w\ld endeavor to corroborate by quot+ f 8 books--po/ meam mortem multi meos libros pr(]r5t 9 m$ium et inde omnis g5]is errores et deliria sua confirmabunt4 ,moreov]1 he decl>es t he is innoc5t if "s %\ld misuse 8 /atem5ts conc]n+ necessity & ! hidd5 ,god1 because he _h expressly add$ t we mu/ n se>* ! hidd5 maje/y ( ,god1 b look ^u ! reveal$ ,god to judge ( ,8 disposition t[>d u-- addidi1 quod aspici5dus sit ,deus revelatus4444 ,ideo sum excusatus4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl41 #hih47 ,lu!r's entire !ological activity1 be=e z well z aft] #aebe1 0 an application ( ! pr9ciple /ress$ also 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio1 viz41 t we mu/ nei!r d5y nor inve/igate or be conc]n$ ab\t ! hidd5 ,god1 b /udy ,god z ,he has reveal$ ,himself 9 ! ,gospel & firmly rely on ,8 graci\s promises 9 ! means ( grace4 #beb4 ,lu!r's ,doctr9e ,approv$ by ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,flacius1 :o himself did n d5y ! univ]sality ( grace1 decl>$ at ! colloquy 9 ,weim>1 #aefj1 t1 :5 tak5 9 _! context1 ,lu!r's /atem5ts 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio conta9$ no inapt expressions 7nihil incommodi74 ,he add$3 ,i d n want to be ! re=m] ( ,lu!r1 b let u leave ! judgm5t & discussion conc]n+ ?is book to ! ,*ur* ( s\nd doctr9e4 ,nolo re=mator esse ,lu!ri1 s$ iudicium et discussionem i/ius libri p]mittamus sanae ecclesiae4 7,planck #d1 #gjd1 ,frank #d1 #bee47 ,9 ,article ,,ii ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord ! ,*ur* pass$ on ,lu!r's book on ! bondage ( ! w toge!r ) 8 decl>ations 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis4 ,9 ref]r+ to ?is matt] ! ,=mula gives utt]ance to ! foll[+ ?\ghts3 #a4 t 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio ,lu!r elucidat$ & support$ ?is position on free w1 occupi$ also by ! ,=mula ( ,corcord well & ?or\ghly1 egregie et solide2 #b4 t aft]w>ds he repeat$ & expla9$ x 9 8 glori\s exposition ( ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 especially ( *apt] #bf2 #c4 t 9 ?is exposition also 8 mean+ & und]/&+ ( "s o!r peculi> disputations1 introduc$ incid5tally by ,erasmus1 z ( absolute necessity1 etc41 h be5 secur$ by him 9 ! be/ & mo/ c>eful way aga9/ all misund]/&+ & p]v]sion2 #d4 t ! ,=mula ( ,concord appeals & ref]s o!rs to ^! deliv]ances ( ,lu!r4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #hif1 #dd47 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord1 !re=e1 endors$ ,lu!r's ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio )\t express+ any /rictures or res]vations :atev]1 &1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,articles ,i1 ,,ii & ,,xi1 also embodi$ its ess5tial ?\ghts ?\gh n all ( its phrases /atem5ts1 & argum5ts4 ,! said articles conta9 a gu>d$ reproduction & affirmation ( ,lu!r's doctr9e ( grace1 accord+ to :i* ,god alone is ! cause ( man's salvation :ile man alone is ! cause ( 8 damnation4 ,9 p>ticul> !y reaffirm ,lu!r's tea*+ conc]n+ man's depravity & ! inability ( 8 w to coop]ate 9 conv]sion2 ! div9e mon]gism 9 man's salvation2 ! univ]sality ( grace & ( ! efficaci\sness ( ! means ( grace2 man's responsibility = ! rejection ( grace & = 8 damnation2 ,god's unse>*able judgm5ts & my/]i\s ways2 ! my/]y :y "s are lo/ :ile o!rs are sav$1 ?\gh all are equally guilty & equally lov$ by ,god2 ! solution ( ?is problem 9 ! light ( glory :]e x w be made app>5t t !re nev] 7 contradictory wills 9 ,god4 ,9 its doctr9e ( pr$e/9ation z well z ( free w1 !re=e1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord is n a compromise betwe5 syn]gism & mon]gism1 b signifies a victory ( ,lu!r ov] ! lat] ,melan*?on4 #bec4 ,attitude ( ,apology ( ! ,book ( ,concord4 ,! attitude ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord ) respect to ,lu!r's ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio 0 %>$ by contempor>y ,lu!ran !ologians4 ,!y express$ objections nei!r to ! book itself nor to its public endorsem5t by ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,9 #aefi ! !ologians ( ,ducal ,saxony publicly decl>$ _! adh]5ce to ! doctr9e set =? mo/ lum9\sly & skilfully 7summa luce et dext]itate traditum7 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio1 ! ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis1 & o!r books ( ,lu!r4 7,s*luesselburg #f1 #acc47 ,t ! au?ors ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord 7 fully consci\s ( _! agreem5t ) ,lu!r's ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio & 8 ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis appe>s also f ! ,apology ( ! ,book ( ,concord1 compos$ #aehb by ,kir*n] ,selnecc]1 & ,*emnitz4 ,in/ead ( *>g+ ,lu!r ) errors1 ^! !ologians1 :o 7 prom95t 9 ! draft+ ( ! ,=mula or ,concord1 endorse & def5d 8 position1 viz41 t we mu/ nei!r d5y nor inve/igate ! hidd5 ,god1 b se>* ! ,gospel = an answ] to ! "q h[ ,god is dispos$ t[>d u4 ,9 ?is ,apology ! op5+ p>agraph ( ! section def5d+ ,article ,,xi ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord aga9/ ! ,neu/adt !ologians reads z foll[s3 ,9 _! antilog antilogia--attack on ,article ,,xi ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord reg>d+ ,god's et]nal election & pr$e/9ation !y m]ely endeavor to p]suade ! p t 9 ?is article ! doctr9e ( ! ,*ri/ian ,book ( ,concord ,=mula ( ,concord conflicts ) ! tea*+ ( ,doctor ,lu!r & 8 book ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio1 :ile o!rwise we ourselves are accu/om$ to appeal to ,lu!r's writ+s4 ,!y accord+ly *>ge ! ,book ( ,concord ) condemn+ ,lu!r1 :o 9 ! book call$ ,s]vum ,arbitrium ma9ta9$ ! proposition t x 0 n sup]flu\s b highly necess>y & useful = a ,*ri/ian to "k :e!r ,god's =ekn[l$ge 7,v]sehung7 is c]ta9 or unc]ta91 *angeable1 etc4 ,n[1 praise ! ,"l1 ^! words ( ,dr4 ,lu!r are n unkn[n to u1 b1 besides1 we also well "k h[ ,dr4 ,lu!r 9 8 la/ explanation ( ! #bf? *apt] ( ! ,fir/ ,book ( ,moses expla9s & gu>ds ^! words ( 84 7,fol4 #bjd;a47 ,aft] quot+ ! passages f ,lu!r's ,g5esis1 :i* we cit$ above 7p4 #bbc;f471 ! ,apology cont9ues3 ,) ?is explanation ( ,lu!r we let ! matt] re/4 ,if our oppon5ts ! ,neu/adt !ologians wi% to brood ov] x any fur!r & 9 _! inve/igat+ & disput+ dive into ! abyss or unfa?omable dep? ( ?is my/]y1 !y may d s = !mselves at _! own risk & suff] ! consequ5ces ( su* an attempt4 ,z = u we are cont5t to adh]e to ,god 9 s f> z ,he has reveal$ ,himself 9 ,8 ,^w1 & lead & direct ,*ri/ianity !reto1 res]v+ ! re/ = ! life to come4 7#dje;a47 #bed4 ,agreem5t ( ,apology ) ,=mula ( ,concord & ,lu!r4 ,doctr9ally also1 ! ,apology ( ! ,book ( ,concord is 9 agreem5t ) bo? ,lu!r & ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,?is appe>s f ! foll[+ exc]pts3 ,nor does ! ,*ri/ian ,book ( ,concord ,=mula ( ,concord d5y t !re is a reprobation 9 ,god or t ,god rejects "s2 h5ce also x does n oppose ,lu!r's /atem5t :5 he writes 9 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio aga9/ ,erasmus t x is ! highe/ degree ( fai? to believe t ,god1 :o saves s few1 is nev]!less mo/ m]ciful2 b x does n int5d to ascribe to ,god ! effici5t cause ( su* reprobation or damnation z ! doctr9e ( our oppon5ts tea*es2 x r holds t1 :5 ?is "q is discuss$ all m5 %\ld put _! f+] on _! lips & fir/ say ) ! ,apo/le ,paul1 ,rom4 #aa1 #bj3 ',propt] incr$ulitatem defracti sunt--,because ( unbelief !y 7 brok5 (f1' & ,rom4 #f1 #bc3 ',= ! wages ( s9 is dea?4' ,9 ! second place3 ,:5 ! "q is ask$ :y ,god ! ,"l does n ?r\gh ,8 ,holy ,_s conv]t1 & be/[ fai? ^u1 all m51 etc4 7:i* ,he is c]ta9ly able to d--das er do* wohl ko5nte71 t we fur!rmore say ) ! ,apo/le ,rom4 #aa1 #cc3 ',quam incompreh5sibilia sunt iudicia eius et imp]ve/igabiles viae eius--,h[ unse>*able are ,8 judgm5ts & ,8 ways pa/ f9d+ out1' b n 9 any way ascribe to ! ,"l ,god ,himself ! will+ & effici5t cause ( ! reprobation & damnation ( ! imp5it5t4 ,b :5 !y1 press+ u1 decl>e1 ',s9ce y admit ! election ( ! elect1 y mu/ also admit ! o!r ?+1 viz41 t 9 ,god ,himself !re is f et]nity a cause ( reprobation1 also ap>t f s91' etc41 !n we decl>e t we are n at all m9d$ to make ,god ! au?or ,ursa*] ( reprobation 7! cause ( :i* prop]ly lies n 9 ,god1 b 9 s971 nor to ascribe to ,him ! effici5t cause ( ! damnation ( ! ungodly1 b int5d to adh]e to ! ^w ( ! ,prophet ,hosea1 *apt] #ac1 :]e ,god ,himself says3 ',o ,israel1 ?\ ha/ de/roy$ ?yself2 b 9 ,me is ?y help4' ,nor d we int5d to se>* our de> ,god 9 s f> z ,he is hidd5 & has n reveal$ ,himself4 ,= x is too high = u anyway1 & we _c compreh5d x4 ,& ! m we occupy ourselves ) ?is matt]1 ! f>!r we dep>t f our de> ,god1 & ! m we d\bt ,8 graci\s w t[>d u4 7#bjf47 ,! ,apology cont9ues3 ,likewise ! ,book ( ,concord ,=mula ( ,concord does n d5y t ,god does n "w 9 all m5 9 ! same mann]4 ,= at all times !re are _m :om ,he has n call$ ?r\gh ! public m9i/ry4 ,h[ev]1 our oppon5ts %all nev]more p]suade u to inf] ) !m t ,god is an effici5t wirkli*e cause ( ! reprobation ( su* p1 & t ,he decre$ absolutely f ,8 m]e c\nsel fu] si* aus blossem ,rat to reject & ca/ !m away et]nally1 ev5 irrespective ( _! s9 au* auss]halb d] ,su5de4 ,= :5 we arrive at ?is abyss ( ! my/]ies ( ,god1 x is suffici5t to say ) ! ,apo/le ,rom4 #aa3 ',8 judgm5ts are unse>*able1' & #a ,cor4 #ae1 #eg3 ',b ?anks be to ,god1 :i* give? u ! victory ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4' ,:atev] goes beyond ?is our ,savior ,*ri/ ,himself w reveal to u 9 et]nal life4 ,nor is !re any cause = ! cry t ! ,book ( ,concord did n di/+ui% betwe5 malum culpae1 i4e41 s9 :i* ,god nei!r wills1 nor approves1 nor works1 & malum po5ae1 or ! puni%m5ts :i* ,he wills & works4 ,= !re 9 ,article ,,xi ! purpose 0 n to discuss all que/ions :i* occur & might be treat$ 9 ?is matt] conc]n+ ,god's et]nal election1 b m]ely to give a summ>y /atem5t ( ! *ief po9ts ( ?is article2 & else:]e ?is di/9ction is cle>ly expla9$ by our !ologians4 ,nor is !re any "o among u :o approves ( ?is blasphemy1 t ,god wills s91 is pleas$ ) x1 & works x2 moreov]1 we reject su* spee* z a blasphemy aga9/ ,god ,himself4 ,besides1 x is pla9ly /at$1 p4 #cah edition ( #aehj2 ,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #ajfe1 #f1 t ,god does n w evil acts & works1 f :i* x is app>5t t ! ,book ,=mula ( ,concord does n at all tea* t ,god is ! au?or ( malum culpae or ( s9s 9 ! same mann] z ,he executes & works ! puni%m5ts ( s9s4 7#bjf b47 #bee4 ,apology on ,univ]salis ,gratia ,s]ia et ,efficax4 ,emphasiz+ ! univ]sality & s]i\sness ( ,god's grace & ! possibility ( conv]sion & salvation ev5 = ^? :o are f9ally damn$1 ! ,apology proce$s3 ,& :y %\ld we n also reject ! proposition3 ',! reprobate _c be conv]t$ & sav$1' s9ce x is und\bt$ly true t1 ) respect to ^? :o are f9ally reject$ & damn$1 we are unable to judge ) c]ta9ty :o !y are1 & !re is hope = ! conv]sion ( all m5 z long z !y are /ill alive8 ,= ! malefactor1 ,luke #bc1 0 conv]t$ to ,god at 8 la/ end2 conc]n+ :om1 accord+ to ! judgm5t ( reason ev]ybody might h said t he 0 "o ( ! reprobates4 ,! passage ,john #ab1 #ci3 ',!re=e !y c\ld n believe1' etc41 does n prop]ly treat ( et]nal reprobation1 nor does x say ) s _m words t no reprobate c be conv]t$ & sav$4444 ,x is !re=e ! mean+ nei!r ( ! prophet ,is4 #f1 #i4 #aj nor ( ! evangeli/ ,john #ab1 #ci t ,god1 irrespective ( ! s9s & wick$ness ( su* p1 solely f ,8 m]e c\nsel1 purpose1 & w1 orda9s !m to damnation s t !y _c be sav$4 ,moreov]1 ! mean+ & correct und]/&+ ( ?is passage is1 t 9 ! ob/9ate & imp5it5t ,god puni%es s9 ) s9s1 & day by day p]mits !m to become m bl9d1 b n t ,he has pleasure 9 _! s9 & wick$ness1 effectually works 9 !m bl9dness & ob/9acy1 or t ,he1 solely f ,8 purpose & m]e c\nsel1 irrespective also ( s9s1 has =eorda9$ !m to damnation s t !y _c conv]t !mselves & be sav$4 ,9 all su* & simil> passages1 !re=e1 we %all & mu/ be s$ul\sly on our gu>d1 le/ we sp9 !refrom ?is blasphemy1 t out ( ,8 free purpose & c\nsel1 irrespective also ( s91 ,god has decre$ to reject et]nally ^! or o!rs4444 7#bjg47 ,) respect to ! s]i\sness ( univ]sal grace we fur!rmore read3 ,!y ! ,neu/adt !ologians say t 9 ,8 ,^w ,god decl>es :at ,he approves1 & e>ne/ly dem&s (1 all m51 b n :at ,he wi%es to "w & effect 9 all ( !m4 ,=1 !y say1 ,he reveals ,8 secret c\nsel 9 no o!r way ?an by work+ 9 man1 viz41 ?r\gh conv]sion or f9al h>d5+ ( ^? :o are ei!r conv]t$ or h>d5$ & damn$4444 ,) reg>d to ?is we give ! foll[+ correct answ]1 viz43 t we are n m9d$ 9 ! lea/ to c>ry on a dispute or discussion ) our oppon5ts conc]n+ ,god & ,8 secret c\nsel1 purpose1 or w 9 s f> z ,he has n 9 ,8 ,^w reveal$ ,himself & ,8 c\nsel4 ,! reason is ! "o quot$ above f ! words ( ,lu!r himself1 viz41 t conc]n+ ,god1 s f> z ,he has n be5 reveal$ to u1 or has n made ,himself kn[n 9 ,8 ,^w1 !re is nei!r fai? nor k1 & "o _c "k any?+ ( ,him1 etc41 :i* also 9 itself is true4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld we1 toge!r ) our oppon5ts dive into ! abyss ( ! incompreh5sible judgm5ts ( ,god & presumptu\sly ass]t ) !m t f ,8 m]e c\nsel1 purpose1 & w1 irrespective also ( s91 ,god has orda9$ "s to damnation :o _c be conv]t$1 moreov]1 :om ,he1 accord+ to ,8 secret purpose1 does n want to be conv]t$1 despite ! fact t ?r\gh ! (fice ( ! m9i/ry ,he decl>es ,himself fri5dly t[>ds !m & (f]s !m ,8 grace & m]cy8 ,my de> fri5d1 :]e is x writt5 9 ! ,^w ( ,god t x is n ! w ( ,god t all %\ld be sav$1 b t1 irrespective ( _! s91 ,he has orda9$ "s to damnation only f ,8 m]e c\nsel1 purpose1 & w1 s t !y _c be sav$8 ,nev] 9 all et]nity1 try z !y may1 w !y prove ?is proposition f ,god's reveal$ ,^w4 ,= n[h]e d ! ,holy ,scriptures speak ?us4 ,yet f %e] foolh>d9ess !y d>e employ1 contr>y to ,scripture1 su* blasphem\s doctr9e & spee* & spread x 9 all ,*ri/5dom4 7#ajh b47 #bef4 ,apology on ,god's ,my/]i\s ,judgm5ts & ,ways4 ,conc]n+ ! my/]i\s judgm5ts & ways ( ,god ! ,apology says3 ,at ! same "t we d n d5y t ,god does n "w alike 9 all m51 enlight5+ all1--= nei!r does ,he give ,8 ,^w to all1--& t nev]!less ,he is & rema9s bo? j & m]ciful1 & t nobody c ju/ly accuse ,him ( any unfai?fulness1 envy1 or tyranny1 al?\gh ,he does n1 z said1 give ,8 ,^w to all & enlight5 !m4 ,b we add t1 :5 arriv+ at ?is my/]y1 "o %\ld put 8 f+] on 8 lips & n dispute or brood ov] x gruebeln--f ! facts conc$$ inf] doctr9es subv]sive ( ,god's univ]sal s]i\s grace1 b say ) ! apo/le3 ',h[ unse>*able are ,8 judgm5ts1 & ,8 ways pa/ f9d+ out6' ,mu* less %\ld "o ra%ly say1 z our oppon5ts d1 t ( ,8 free w1 & irrespective ( s91 ,god has orda9$ t "s %\ld be damn$4 ,= z to :at ,god holds & has decre$ 9 ,8 secret1 hidd5 c\nsel1 no?+ c]ta9 c be said4 ,nor %\ld "o discuss ?is deeply hidd5 my/]y1 b res]ve x = yond] life1 & mean:ile adh]e to ! reveal$ ,^w ( ,god by :i* we are call$ to rep5tance1 & by :i* salvation is fai?fully (f]$ u4 ,& ?is ,^w1 or reveal$ w1 ( ,god conc]n+ ! giv+ re/ to all ^? t labor & are heavy lad51 is c]ta91 infallible1 unwav]+1 & n at all oppos$ to ! secret c\nsel ( ,god1 ) :i* alone our oppon5ts are occupi$4 ,accord+ly no?+ t conflicts ) ! w reveal$ 9 ! ,^w ( ,god %\ld be inf]r$ f x1 ev5 z ,god ,himself 9 ,8 ,^w has n direct$ u to x4 ,because ( ! fact1 !re=e1 t n all accept ?is call1 we mu/ n decl>e t f ,8 free purpose & w1 )\t reg>d to s91 ,god 9 ,8 secret c\nsel1 has orda9$ ^? :o d n rep5t to damnation1 s t !y _c be conv]t$ & sav$ 7= ?is has n be5 reveal$ to u 9 ! ,^w71 b adh]e to ?is1 t ,god's judgm5ts 9 ^! cases are unse>*able & incompreh5sible4 ,x is impossible t ! doctr9e ( ! oppon5ts conc]n+ ?is article %\ld n produce 9 ! he>]s ei!r despair or ,epicurean security1 :5 9 ?is doctr9e x is taught t ,god1 f ,8 m]e c\nsel & purpose & irrespective ( s91 has orda9$ "s to damnation s t !y _c be conv]t$4 ,= z soon z a he>t he>s ?is1 x _c b despair ( its salvation1 or fall into ^! ,epicurean ?\ghts3 ,if y are among ! reprobate :om1 f ,8 free purpose & )\t reg>d to s91 ,god has orda9$ to damnation1 !n y _c be sav$1 d :at y w4 ,b if y are among ^? :o %all be sav$1 !n y _c fail2 d :at y w1 y mu/ nev]!less be sav$1 etc4 ,we d n 9 ! lea/ int5d to jo9 our oppon5ts 9 giv+ occasion = su* ?+s4 ,god also %all protect u f x4 7#bji47 ,aga93 ,!y ! oppon5ts also say t we /ress ! univ]sal promises ( grace1 b fail to add t ^! belong & p]ta9 to believ]s4 ,b h]e9 !y wrong u4 ,= we urge bo?1 viz41 t ! promises ( grace are univ]sal1 & t1 nev]!less1 only believ]s1 :o labor & are heavy lad51 ,matt4 #aa1 become p>tak]s ( !m4 ,b _! our oppon5ts' object is to h u jo9 !m 9 say+ t "s are orda9$ to damnation f ! free purpose ( ,god1 also )\t reg>d to s91 :om ,he does n want to be sav$1 ev5 ?\gh ,he calls !m ?r\gh ! ,^w & (f]s ,8 grace & salvation to !m1 --:i*1 h[ev]1 we %all nev] d4 ,= our he>t is fill$ ) horror aga9/ su* a ,/oic & ,mani*ean doctr9e4 7#bji b47 ,,xxii4 ,article ,,xii ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord3 ,( ,o!r ,h]etics & ,sects4 #beg4 ,purpose ( ,article ,,xii4 ,! purpose ( ! fir/ elev5 articles ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord 0 n only to e/abli% peace )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* & to w>d (f future controv]sies1 b also to meet ! ridicule & obloquy ( ! ,papi/s & to br& be=e ! :ole _w z sl&]1 pure & simple1 _! ass]tions t ! ,lu!rans 7 hopelessly disagre$ & _h ab&on$ ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & t ! ,re=mation 0 b\nd to end 9 utt] confusion & dissolution4 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord 0 to leave no d\bt reg>d+ ! fact t ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* (f]s a unit$ front 9 e direction3 aga9/ ! ,romani/s1 ! ,calv9i/s1 ! errori/s t _h aris5 9 _! own mid/1 & self-evid5tly also aga9/ ! sects & fanatics1 old & mod]n1 ) :om ! ,romani/s sl&]\sly id5tifi$ !m4 ,summ>iz+ ! errors :i* ,lu!rans repudiate1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord decl>es3 ,fir/1 we reject & condemn all h]esies & errors :i* 7 reject$ & condemn$ 9 ! primitive1 anci5t1 or?odox ,*ur*1 ^u ! true1 firm gr\nd ( ! holy div9e ,scriptures4 ,secondly1 we reject & condemn all sects & h]esies :i* are reject$ 9 ! writ+s1 j m5tion$1 ( ! compreh5sive summ>y ( ! confession ( our *ur*es ! ,lu!ran symbols1 prec$+ ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,?irdly1 we reject also all ^? errors :i* caus$ diss5sion )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 & :i* are dealt ) & refut$ 9 ! fir/ elev5 articles ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 7#heg1 #ag;ff47 ,among ! errors reject$ 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession & ! subsequ5t ,lu!ran symbols 7 ^? also ( ! ,anabapti/s1 ,antitr9it>ians1 & o!rs4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #db1 #f2 #dd1 #d2 #df1 #c2 #dh1 #g2 #ej1 #c4 #d2 #ach1 #ff2 #bdd1 #eb2 #caj1 #ac2 #cef1 #dc2 #dcf1 #di2 #gdd1 #ee2 #gdf1 #eh47 ,& ?is is ! class ( errori/s :i* ,article ,,xii ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord makes x a special po9t to *>act]ize summ>ily & reject by "n4 ,be=e ?is ! ,book ( ,confutation1 compos$ #aeei by ! !ologians ( ,duke ,john ,fr$]ick1 _h enum]at$ & reject$ ! doctr9es ( su* errori/s z ,s]vetus1 ,s*w5ckfeld1 & ! ,anabapti/s4 ,f ! v beg9n+ ( ! ,re=mation1 & especially at ,augsburg1 #aecj1 ,eck & o!r ,romani/s _h ei!r id5tifi$ ! ,lu!rans ) ! ,anabapti/s & o!r sects1 or _h1 at lea/1 held !m responsible = _! orig9 & gr[?4 ,bo? *>ges are d5i$ by ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,= "h we read3 ,h[ev]1 le/ !re be sil5tly ascrib$ to u ! condemn$ errors ( ! above enum]at$ factions & sects 7:i*1 z is ! nature ( su* spirits1 = ! mo/ "p1 secretly /ole 9 at localities1 & especially at a "t :5 no place or room 0 giv5 to ! pure ^w ( ! holy ,gospel1 b all its s9c]e tea*]s & confessors 7 p]secut$1 & ! deep d>kness ( ! ,papacy /ill prevail$ & poor simple m5 :o c\ld n help b feel ! manife/ idolatry & false fai? ( ! ,papacy1 9 _! simplicity1 alas6 embrac$ :atev] 0 call$ ,gospel1 & 0 n papi/ic71 we c\ld n =be> te/ify+ also aga9/ !m publicly1 be=e all ,*ri/5dom1 t we h nei!r "p nor fell[%ip ) _! errors1 be !y _m or few1 b reject & condemn !m1 "o & all1 z wrong & h]etical1 & contr>y to ! ,scriptures ( ! prophets & apo/les1 & to our ,*ri/ian ,augsburg ,confession1 well gr\nd$ 9 ,god's ,^w4 7#ajig1 #g;f47 #beh4 ,! ,anabapti/s4 ,! ,anabapti/ic movem5t orig9at$ 9 ,zuri*4 ,_! lead]s 7 ,conrad ,grebel1 ,felix ,manz1 & ! monk ,george ( ,*ur 7also call$ ,blaurock1 ,bluecoat71 :o 0 ! fir/ to introduce anabaptism4 ,9 rapid succession ,anabapti/ic congregations sprang up 9 ,swabia1 ,tyrol1 ,au/ria1 ,moravia1 etc4 ,because ( _! attitude t[>d ! civil gov]nm5t ! ,anabapti/s 7 reg>d$ z rebels & treat$ accord+ly4 ,z e>ly z ,janu>y1 #aebg1 "s ( !m 7 execut$ 9 ,zuri*4 ,p]secution increas$ aft] ! c\ncil held by ,anabapti/s 9 ! autumn ( #aebg at ,augsburg1 :i* !n h>bor$ a congregation ( m ?an #a1ajj ,apo/olic ,bre?r51 z ! ,anabapti/s !re call$ !mselves4 ,9 ,g]many ! imp]ial m&ate ( ,septemb] #bc1 #aebi1 au?oriz$ ! gov]nm5ts to puni% ,anabapti/s1 m5 & wom5 ( e age1 by fire or sword )\t previ\s inquisition by spiritual judges4 ,!y suff]$ mo/ 9 ,ca?olic t]ritories4 ,by #aeca ab\t #a1jjj 7accord+ to ,seba/ian ,franck #b1jjj7 _h be5 execut$ 9 ,tyrol & ,go]z4 ,! mo/ prom95t ( ! e>ly ,anabapti/ic lead]s & protagoni/s 7 ,hubmai]1 ,d5k1 ,da*s]1 & ,hans ,hutt4 ,besides ^! we m5tion3 ,ludwig ,haetz]1 publi%$ a translation ( ! prophets f ! ,hebrew1 #aebg1 = :i* he 0 prais$ by ,lu!r1 0 execut$ z adult]] ,febru>y #d1 #aebi1 at ,con/ance2 ,eitelhans ,lang5mantel1 a =m] soldi] & son ( ! ,augsburg burgoma/]1 expell$ f ! city ,octob] #ad1 #aebg1 impassionate 9 8 writ+s aga9/ ! old & new ,papi/s1 i4e41 ,lu!r & o!rs :o adh]$ to ! real pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 decapitat$ ,may #ab1 #aebh1 at ,weiss5burg2 ,*ri/ian ,entfeld]1 #aebg lead] ( ! ,bre?r5 at ,eis5s*uetz ,moravia1 & lat] on c\nselor ( ,duke ,albre*t ( ,prussia2 ,hans ,s*laff]1 a =m] prie/1 active z ,anabapti/ic prea*] & au?or1 execut$ #aebh2 ,jo]g ,haug1 pa/or 9 ,bibra2 ,wolfgang ,vogel1 pa/or ne> ,nu]nb]g1 execut$ #aebg2 ,siegmund ,salm+]1 imprison$ #aebg 9 ,augsburg2 ,leon>d ,s*iem]1 =m] ,franciscan1 bi%op ( ! ,bre?r5 9 ,au/ria1 an ,antitr9it>ian1 execut$ #aebh2 ,ulri* ,hugwald1 pr(essor 9 ,basel2 ,mel*ior ,r9ck1 pa/or 9 ,hesse2 ,pilgram ,m>beck2 ,jacob ,bu5d]l92 ,jacob ,kautz1 prea*] & au?or 9 ,worms2 ,clem5s ,ziegl]2 ,pet] ,ri$emann1 an ,anabapti/ic au?or & prea*]1 :o 0 frequ5tly imprison$ & di$ #aeef2 ,mel*ior ,h(mann1 an ,anabapti/ic lay-prea*] & prolific au?or1 :o di$ 9 prison at ,/rassburg1 #aedc4 7,ts*ack]t1 #adh;ff42 ,s*lott5loh]1 ,philipp ,ulh>t1 e9 ,augsburg] ,w9keldruck] und ,helf]%elf] d] ,s*wa]m] und ,wi$]taeuf]1 #aebc--aebi1 p4 #ei;ff47 ,! v>i\s errors ( ! ,anabapti/s are enum]at$ 9 ! ,twelf? ,article ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,! ,epitome rem>ks3 ,! ,anabapti/s are divid$ among !mselves into _m factions1 z "o cont5ds = m1 ano!r = less errors2 h[ev] !y all 9 common prop\nd su* doctr9e z is to be tol]at$ or all[$ nei!r 9 ! *ur*1 nor 9 ! commonweal? & secul> gov]nm5t1 nor 9 dome/ic life4 7#hci1 #b47 ,urbanus ,regius said 9 8 book ,aga9/ ! ,new ,bapti/ic ,ord]3 ,n all ( ! ,anabapti/s "k ( all ( ^! errors enum]at$ 9 8 book2 x is !re=e n our int5tion to d an inju/ice to any "o2 we mean su* public deceiv]s 9 ! ,bapti/ic ,ord] z ,john ,d5k & ,bal?as> ,fri$b]g]1 ,hubmai]4 7,s*lott5loh]1 #hj47 ,:ile "s ( ! ,anabapti/s1 z ,hubmai]1 7 m cons]vative1 o!rs 7,d5k1 ,s*iem]7 w5t s f> z to d5y ev5 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,!y all 7 agre$1 h[ev]1 9 _! opposition to infant baptism1 & to ! ,lu!ran doctr9es ( ju/ification1 ( ! means ( grace1 ( ! ,sacram5ts1 etc4 ,:at _! prea*]s /ress$ 0 n fai? 9 ! atonem5t made by ,*ri/1 b m$ieval my/icism1 s5sation-fai? 7,gefuehlsglaube71 & ! law ( love z exemplifi$ by ,*ri/4 ,ts*ack]t quotes f "o ( _! s]mons3 ,:oev] foll[s ! voice :i* con/antly speaks 9 8 he>t always f9ds 9 himself ! true te/imony to s9 no m1 & an admonition to resi/ ! evil4 7#aec47 ,9 8 introduction to a publication ( hymns ( ,breun+1 ,salm+] said3 ,:oev] speaks 9 tru? to :at 8 own he>t te/ifies w be receiv$ by ,god4 ,s*lott5loh] rem>ks3 ,x 0 m$ieval my/icism f :i* !y ! ,anabapti/s d]iv$ _! consum+ desire = ! complete union ( ! s\l ) ,god & ! ,_s4 7#hc47 #bei4 ,bal?as> ,hubmai]4 ,hubmai] 7,hubmo]1 ,fri$b]g]1 ,pacimontanus7 0 born at ,fri$b]g1 ne> ,augsburg1 & /udi$ "u ,eck4 ,9 #aeab he became ,doctor & pr(essor ( !ology at ,+ol/adt2 #aeaf prea*] 9 ,reg5sburg2 #aebb pa/or 9 ,wald%ut on ! ,rh9e4 ,be=e he came to ,wald%ut1 he _h read ! books ( ,lu!r4 ,he jo9$ ,zw+li 9 8 opposition to ,romanism4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #aebe1 h[ev]1 he wrote to ,oecolampadius t n[ he proclaim$ publicly :at be=e he _h kept to himself1 ref]r+ 9 p>ticul> to 8 views on infant baptism4 ,on ,ea/] ,day ( ! same ye> he 0 rebaptiz$ toge!r ) #fj o!r p]sons1 aft] :i* he cont9u$ to baptize m ?an #cjj4 ,9 ,july ( #aebe he publi%$ 8 book ,conc]n+ ,*ri/ian ,baptism ( ,believ]s1 :i* 0 direct$ aga9/ ,zw+li1 ^: "n1 h[ev]1 0 n m5tion$4 ,at ,zuri*1 :i!r he _h fl$ f ,wald%ut aft] ! defeat ( ! peasants 9 _! rebellion ( #aebe1 he 0 compell$ to hold a public disputation ) ,zw+li on infant baptism4 ,?is l$ to 8 imprisonm5t f :i* he 0 releas$ only aft] a public recantation1 #aebf4 ,he escap$ to ,nicolsburg1 ,moravia1 :]e1 "u ! protection ( a p[]ful nobleman1 he develop$ a fev]i% activity & rebaptiz$ ab\t #ab1jjj p]sons4 ,:5 ! p]secutions ( ! ,anabapti/s began1 ,hubmai] 0 arre/$1 & aft] sulphur & p[d] _h be5 well rubb$ into 8 long be>d1 he 0 burn$ at ! /ake 9 ,vi5na1 ,m>* #aj1 #aebh4 ,?ree days aft]1 8 wife1 ) a /one ab\t h] neck1 0 ?ru/ f ! bridge into ! ,danube4 ,hubmai] d5\nc$ infant baptism z an abom9able idolatry4 ,he taught3 ,*ildr5 are incapable ( mak+ ! public confession requir$ by ,baptism2 !re is no ,scriptural reason = infant baptism2 x robs u ( ! true baptism1 s9ce p believe t *ildr5 are baptiz$ :ile 9 reality !y are no?+ less ?an baptiz$4 ,he says3 ,s9ce ! alleg$ infant baptism is no baptism1 ^? :o n[ receive wat]-baptism accord+ to ! in/itution ( ,*ri/ _c be *>g$ ) anabaptism4 ,conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 ,hubmai] taught3 ,"h x is app>5t t ! bread is n ! body ( ,*ri/1 b only a rem9d] ( x4 ,likewise ! w9e is n ! blood ( ,*ri/1 b also a m]e memorial t ,he has %$ & giv5 ,8 blood to wa% all believ]s f _! s9s4 ,9 ! ,"l's ,supp] ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ are receiv$ spiritually & by fai? only4 ,9 ! ,supp] ( ,*ri/ bread is bread & w9e is w9e & n ,*ri/4 ,= ,he has asc5d$ to heav5 & sits at ! "r h& ( ,god1 ,8 ,fa!r4 ,hubmai] did n reg>d ! ,^w z a means ( grace nor ,baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp] z graci\s acts ( ,god1 b z m]e works ( man4 ,9 believ]s1 he says1 ,god works bo? to w & to d1 by ! inw>d ano9t+ ( ,8 ,holy ,_s4 ,conc]n+ *ur* discipl9e he taught3 ,:]e ! ,*ri/ian ban is n e/abli%$ & us$ accord+ to ! comm& ( ,*ri/1 !re s91 %ame1 & vice control ev]y?+4 ,a p]son :o is expell$ mu/ be d5i$ all communion until he rep5ts4 ,9 connection ) 8 deliv]ances on ! ban1 ,hubmai]1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ! ,papi/s1 made ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ian lib]ty z prea*$ by ,lu!r responsible = ! c>nal way 9 :i* _m abus$ x4 ,! sociali/ic tr5d ( ,anabaptism1 h[ev]1 0 n develop$ by ,hubmai]4 7,ts*ack]t #acb4 #agb4 #bcd47 #bfj4 ,da*s] & ,hutt4 ,jacob ,da*s] 0 "o ( ! mo/ zeal\s memb]s & lead]s ( ! l>ge ,anabapti/ic congregation 9 ,augsburg1 :]e he 0 also imprison$1 #aebg4 ,he1 n ,lang5mantel1 is ! au?or ( ! ,(f5b>ung von d5 wahrhaftig5 ,wi$]taeuf]n4 ,revelation ( ! ,true ,anabapti/s1 secretly publi%$ by ! ,anabapti/ic pr9t] ,philip ,ulh>t 9 ,augsburg & accept$ z a sort ( confession by ! c\ncil held by ! ,anabapti/s 9 ! fall ( #aebg at ,augsburg4 ,! book ( ,urban ,regius3 ,wid] d5 neu5 ,tau=d5 notw5dige ,w>nung an alle ,*ri/5glaeubig5--,aga9/ ! new ,bapti/ic ,ord]1 a ,necess>y ,w>n+ to ,all ,*ri/ians1 0 direct$ aga9/ ,da*s]'s ,revelation4 ,9 #aebi ,da*s] publi%$ 8 ,=m & ,ord] ( ,spiritual ,songs1 ! fir/ hymn-book ( ! ,anabapti/s1 conta9+ hymns ( ,lu!r1 ,sp]atus1 ,mu5z]1 ,hutt1 ,pollio1 & ,da*s]4 ,9 8 ,revelation ,da*s] said3 ,! entire _w is aga9/ ea* o!r2 we don't "k any m :]e ! tru? is4 ,:ile all are conv9c$ t ! ,pope has err$ & deceiv$ u1 ! new prea*]s1 by revil+ & malign+ ea* o!r1 betray t !y1 too1 are n s5t by ,god4 ,9 _! pulpits ! false tea*]s ,lu!rans1 etc4 !mselves confess t ! long] !y prea*1 ! less good is done4 ,b s9ce !y d n =sake a place :]e !y see no fruits ( _! doctr9e1 !y !reby reveal t !y are n s5t by ,god4 ,god draws u to ,himself ?r\gh ! p[] :i* is 9 u1 & w>ns u aga9/ wick$ness & ?r\gh ! ,tea*] ,*ri/1 :o 9 ,8 ,^w has taught u ! w ( ,god4 ,*ri/ s5t ,8 disciples to prea* ! ,gospel to all creatures & to baptize su* z believe4 ,& su* z obey ?is comm& are call$ ',anabapti/s'6 ,by our evil w orig9al purity has be5 defil$2 f ?is uncleanness we mu/ purge our he>t4 ,:o does n f9d ?is uncleanness 9 himself1 nei!r )\t nor )91 is a true *ild ( ,god1 ob$i5t to ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,:o1 9 accordance ) ! comm& ( ,*ri/1 prea*es & baptizes su* z believe1 is n an ,anabapti/1 b a cobapti/ ,mittaeuf] ( ,*ri/ & ! ,apo/les4 ,all su* z prea*1 tea*1 & baptize o!rwise ?an ,*ri/ comm&$1 are ! real ,anabapti/s oppon5ts ( ,baptism1 act+ contr>y to ! ,son ( ,god1 by fir/ baptiz+1 in/ead ( fir/ tea*+ & await+ fai?1 z ,*ri/ comm&$4 ,we ne$ b /rive ) ,*ri/ to d ! w ( ! ,fa!r !n we receive f ,god ?r\gh ! ,holy ,gho/ ! p[] to fulfil ! div9e comm&4 7,s*lott5loh]1 #gb;ff47 ,hans ,hutt 7,hut71 a re/less bookb9d] 9 ,franconia1 att5d$ ! ,anabapti/ic c\ncil 9 ,augsburg1 :]e he 0 oppos$ by ,regius & inc>c]at$4 ,he di$ #aebg 9 an attempt to escape f prison4 ,z a puni%m5t 8 body 0 burn$4 ,hutt mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ,jacob ,hut] or ,huet]1 an ,anabapti/ 9 ,tyrol4 ,! foll[]s ( ,hans ,hutt 9 ! city ( ,/eyr develop$ ! sociali/ic t5d5cies ( ,anabaptism4 ,!y taught3 ,private own]%ip is s9ful2 all ?+s are to be held 9 common2 ,judgm5t ,day is imm95t2 !n ! ,anabapti/s w reign ) ,*ri/ on e>?4 ,"s also taught t f9ally ! devil & all ! damn$ w\ld be sav$2 o!rs held t !re is nei!r a devil nor a hell1 because ,*ri/ _h de/roy$ !m4 7,ts*ack]t #acd;ff4 #ada4 #aec47 ,article ,,xvii ( ! ,augsburg ,confession condemns ! ,anabapti/s1 :o ?9k t !re w be an end to ! puni%m5ts ( condemn$ m5 & devils4442 also o!rs1 :o are n[ spread+ c]ta9 ,jewi% op9ions1 t be=e ! resurrection ( ! dead ! godly %all take possession ( ! k+dom ( ! _w1 ! ungodly be+ ev]y:]e suppress$4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl41 #ea7 #bfa4 ,john ,d5k4 ,d5k1 :o 0 call$ ! ,ar*bapti/1 ! ,bi%op1 ,pope1 & ,apollo ( ! ,anabapti/s1 0 born 9 ,bav>ia & tra9$ 9 ,basel4 ,9 #aebc he became ,rector ( ,/4 ,sebald 9 ,nu]nb]g :]e he 0 oppos$ by ,osi&]4 ,bani%$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 he escap$ to ,/4 ,gall54 ,expell$ aga91 he fl$ to ,augsburg4 ,"h he 0 rebaptiz$ by imm]sion & became an active memb] ( ! ,anabapti/ic ,apo/olic ,bre?r51 :o at t "t numb]$ ab\t #a1ajj p]sons4 ,d5k 0 ! lead] ( ! c\ncil held by ! ,anabapti/s 9 #aebg 9 ,augsburg4 ,expell$ f ! city1 ,d5k di$ dur+ 8 flight1 #aebg1 at ,basel4 ,8 ,retraction1 ,wid]ruf 7a title probably *os5 by ! pr9t]71 publi%$ #aebg aft] 8 dea?1 does n conta9 a retraction1 b a summ>y ( 8 tea*+4 7,s*lott5loh]1 #hd47 ,! my/ic m9d ( ,d5k runs a good deal 9 ! *annels ( ! au?or ( ! ,g]man ,!ology1 ,deuts*e ,!ologie1 & ( 8 pan!i/ic contempor>y1 ,seba/ian ,franck4 ,d5k taught3 ,god is "o1 & ! s\rce ( unity4 ,to return f all divisions to ?is unity mu/ be our con/ant aim4 ,! only way is entire surr5d] to ,god & submission 9 tranquillity4 ,he says3 ,no?+ is necess>y = ?is salvation reunion ) ,god b to obey ,him :o is 9 u1 & to be tranquil & wait = ,him 9 ! true real ,sabba? & tranquillity1 los+ ourselves & all t is ours1 s t ,god may bo? "w & suff] 9 u4 ,he :o is 9 u is ready e h\r & mom5t to foll[1 if we are b will+4 ,8 h\r is always1 b ours is n4 ,he calls & /ret*es =? ,8 arms ! entire day1 always ready2 nobody answ]s ,him1 nobody admits ,him or suff]s ,him to ent]4 ,d b seek ! ,"l1 !n y w f9d ,him2 yea1 ,he is already seek+ y2 only suff] y\rselves to be f\nd4 ,inde$ ,he has already f\nd y1 & ev5 n[ is knock+4 ,d b op5 unto ,him & let ,him 94 ,appreh5d & "k ! ,"l1 ev5 z y are appreh5d$ & kn[n ( ,him4 ,d5k held t ! s\rce ( religi\s & moral k is n ! ,scriptures1 b ! voice ( ,god 9 ! he>t ( man1 or ,*ri/ ,himself1 :o speaks & writes ! div9e ,law into ! he>ts ( ^? :o are ,84 ,be=e ,d5k1 ,?omas ,mu5z] _h said3 ,0 ,bibel6 ,bibel1 ,bubel1 ,babel6 ,:oev] has ?is div9e ,law 9 8 he>t lacks no?+ t is ne$$ to fulfil ! w ( ,god4 ,accord+ to ,d5k a man may be sav$ )\t ! prea*+ ( ! ,^w1 )\t ! ,scriptures1 & )\t any k ( ! hi/orical ,*ri/ & ,8 "w4 ,nor c ! ,scriptures be und]/ood )\t he$+ ! revelation ( ,god 9 our own bosom4 ,! ,scriptures mu/ inde$ be reg>d$ z high] ?an all human treasures1 b n z high z ,god's ,^w 9 our own bosom4 ,baptism is a m]e outw>d sign t "o has jo9$ ! numb] ( believ]s2 h5ce x c be adm9i/]$ to su* only z are consci\s ( _! fai?4 ,c]emonies 9 !mselves are n s91 says ,d5k1 b :oev] imag9es to obta9 grace ?r\gh !m1 ei!r by ,baptism or by ! ,break+ ( ,bread1 is giv5 to sup]/ition4 7,ts*ack]t1 #adc2 ,meusel1 ,h&l4 #b1 #adb47 #bfb4 ,! ,s*w5ckfeldians4 ,casp> ,s*w5ckfeldt1 ( ,ossig 9 ,liegnitz a desc5d5t ( a noble family 9 ,silesia1 0 born #adij & /udi$ 9 ,cologne4 ,9 #aebd he help$ to introduce ! ,re=mation 9 ,liegnitz4 ,he 0 twice 9 ,witt5b]g2 #aebb1 :5 he met ,c>l/adt & ,?omas ,mu5z] & #aebe1 :5 he visit$ ,lu!r4 ,he endeavor$ to int]e/ ,lu!r 9 ! =mation ( conv5ticles1 & p>ticul>ly 9 8 my/ical !ory conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 :i* he consid]$ ! correct middle gr\nd on :i* ,lu!rans & ,zw+lians might compromise4 ,b ,lu!r _h no confid5ce 9 ! en?usia/1 :om he *>act]iz$ z a mad fool1 possess$ by ! devil4 ,he said3 ,9 ,silesia ,s*w5ckfeldt has k9dl$ a fire :i* z yet has n be5 qu5*$ & w burn on him et]nally4 ,because ( ! tr\bles & diss5sions creat$ 9 ,liegnitz1 ,s*w5ckfeldt1 9 #aebi1 0 compell$ to leave4 ,hav+ remov$ to ,/rassburg he 0 zeal\s 9 propagat+ 8 en?usiasm 9 ,s\!rn ,g]many by e/abli%+ conv5ticles ( ,lov]s ( ! ,glory ( ,*ri/1 z ! adh]5ts ( ,s*w5ckfeldt call$ !mselves4 ,at a colloquy 9 ,tueb+51 #aece1 he promis$ n to disquiet ! ,*ur*4 ,9 #aeci he publi%$ 8 ,summ>y ( ,sev]al ,argum5ts t ,*ri/ accord+ to ,8 ,humanity ,is ,to-day ,no ,creature1 b ,entirely ,our ,god & ,"l4 ,he call$ x ! doctr9e ( ! ,deification ( ! ,fle% ( ,*ri/4 ,:5 ?is tea*+ 0 reject$ z ,euty*ianism1 ,s*w5ckfeldt publi%$ 8 ,l>ge ,confession1 #aedj4 ,at ! conv5tion ( ,smalcald1 also #aedj1 8 views 7 condemn$ & 8 books prohibit$ & burn$4 ,compell$ to leave ,/rassburg1 he sp5t ! rema9d] ( 8 life 9 ,augsburg1 9 ,spei] & 9 ,ulm 7:]e he di$1 ,decemb] #aj1 #aefa74 ,s*w5ckfeldt ex*ang$ controv]sial writ+s ) _m contempor>y !ologians1 :om he kept 9 con/ant excitem5t4 ,9 ,liegnitz he 0 support$ by ! m9i/]s ,val5t9 ,krautwald1 ,fabian ,eckel1 ,sigismund ,w]n]1 & ,val]ius ,ros5heyn4 ,8 adh]5ts 7 call$ ,neutrals1 because !y decl9$ to affiliate ) any ( ! exi/+ *ur*es4 #bfc4 ,s*w5ckfeldt's ,doctr9e4 ,9 #aebf ,s*w5ckfeldt wrote to ,paul ,sp]atus3 ,s9ce by ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel z set =? by ,lu!r s few p am5d$ _! lives1 ! ?\ght _h occurr$ to him t some?+ mu/ /ill be lack+1 :atev] t may be4 ,endeavor+ to supply ?is defect1 ,s*w5ckfeldt taught3 ,grace _c be imp>t$ by any creature1 bodily ^w1 writ+1 or sacram5t1 b only by ! omnipot5t1 et]nal ,^w proce$+ f ! m\? ( ,god4 ,:atev] is ext]nal is a m]e symbol & image ( ,god1 able nei!r to br+ ,god into ! s\l nor to produce fai? or an inw>d exp]i5ce ( div9e life4 ,m>k well says he1 ,god is n 9 ne$ ( ext]nal ?+s & means = ,8 int]nal grace & spiritual action4 ,= ev5 ,*ri/1 accord+ to ! fle%1 0 a h9drance to grace & ! ,_s ( ,god1 & _h to be translat$ into ! heav5ly mode ( be+ t ! grace ( ! ,holy ,_s might come to u4444 ,:oev] endeavors to come f )\t & ?r\gh ext]nal means into ! inn] ! he>t does n und]/& ! c\rse ( grace4 ,god works )\t all means & pictures4444 ,man mu/ =get & drop ev]y?+1 & be free & tranquil = ! inbrea?+ ,e9spre*51 inspiration1 & be drawn away f all creatures1 giv+ himself up to ,god altoge!r4 ,s*w5ckfeldt cont9ues3 ,! ,holy ,_s ent]s ! quiet s\l only ?r\gh ! et]nal ,^w1 :i* proce$s f ! m\? ( ,god )\t means & n at all ?r\gh ,scripture1 ext]nal ,^w1 ,sacram5t1 or any creature 9 heav5 or on e>?4 ,god wants to h ?is honor res]v$ solely to ,himself ?r\gh ,himself )\t any means ,he wants to p>don man1 tea* him1 imp>t ! ,holy ,_s to him1 & save him4 ,he does n want to grant ,8 grace1 & effect illum9ation & salvation ?r\gh any creature2 = ev5 ! fle% ( ,*ri/ 0 n a suffici5t in/rum5t = ?is purpose be=e ,he 0 glorifi$1 translat$ into ! heav5ly places1 & remov$ f our eyes4 ,scripture is = ! ext]nal man2 ! ,holy ,_s tea*es ev]y?+ to ! elect inw>dly & is n 9 ne$ ( ,scripture to give fai? to !m & to save !m4 ,s*w5ckfeldt1 :o employ$ ! t]m revelation = ?is imm$iate op]ation ( ,god1 0 inconsi/5t 9 n reject+ ,scripture1 prea*+1 etc41 altoge!r4 ,b :5 admitt+ ^!1 he adds t he di/+ui%es ,god's own inn] "w f ! ext]nal s]vice4 ,self-evid5tly1 ^! views conc]n+ ! means ( grace _h a corrupt+ influ5ce also on o!r doctr9es4 ,sav+ fai?1 accord+ to ,s*w5ckfeldt1 is n tru/ 9 ,god's promise ( p>don = ,*ri/'s sake1 b an imm$iate my/ical relation ( ! s\l to ,god4 ,ju/ification1 says he1 is n only =giv5ess & non-imputation ( s91 b also r5ewal ( ! he>t4 ,we mu/ seek our ju/ification & righte\sness n 9 ,*ri/ accord+ to ,8 fir/ /ate ( humiliation1 9 a mann] hi/orical1 b accord+ to ,8 /ate ( glorification1 9 :i* ,he gov]ns ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ord] to enhance ! glory ( ,*ri/ & h x %9e & radiate 9 a new light1 ,s*w5ckfeldt taught ! deification ( ! fle% ( ,*ri/1 ?us corrupt+ ! doctr9e ( ! exaltation & ( ! p]son ( ,*ri/ 9 ! direction ( ,monophysitism4 ,& ! m 8 views 7 oppos$1 ! m he 0 enamor$ (1 & engross$ by1 !m1 call+ himself ! confessor & lov] ( ! glory ( ,*ri/4 ,conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 ,s*w5ckfeldt taught t ! deifi$ humanity ( ,*ri/ is really imp>t$ & appropriat$1 n inde$ ?r\gh bread & w9e1 b imm$iately 7)\t ! int]v5tion ( any m$ium71 int]nally1 spiritually4 ,! words ( in/itution mean3 ,my body1 :i* is giv5 = y1 is :at bread is1 a food1 i4e41 a food = s\ls2 & ! new te/am5t 9 ,my blood is a *alice1 i4e41 a dr9k = ! elect to dr9k 9 ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,baptism1 says ,s*w5ckfeldt1 is ! baptiz+ ( ! heav5ly ,high ,prie/ ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i* occurs 9 ! believ+ s\l by ! ,holy ,gho/ & by fire4 ,infant baptism is a human ord9ance1 n m]ely useless1 b detrim5tal to ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 7,ts*ack]t1 #aei;ff47 #bfd4 ,! ,antitr9it>ians4 ,! fir/ article ( ! ,augsburg ,confession makes a special po9t ( reject+ n only ! anci5t1 b also ! mod]n ,samosat5es1 i4e41 ! ,antitr9it>ians1 :o 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,re=mation began _! activity 9 ,italy1 ,spa91 ,switz]l&1 & ,g]many4 ,mo/ ( ^! mod]n ,arians & ,antitr9it>ians1 z !y are call$ 9 ! ,twelf? ,article ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord came f ! skeptical circles ( ,humani/s 9 ,italy4 ,conc]n+ ^! rationali/s & ,epicureans ! ,apology rem>ks3 ,_m 9 ,italy & else:]e ev5 publicly ridicule all religions1 or1 if !y approve any?+1 !y approve su* ?+s only z are 9 h>mony ) human reason1 & reg>d ! re/ z fabul\s & l ! trag$ies ( ! poets4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl41 #bce1 #bh2 ,c4 ,r4 #i1 #gfc47 ,pope ,leo ,x 0 g5]ally reg>d$ z be+ "o ( ^? :o spoke ( ! pr(itable fables conc]n+ ,*ri/4 ,accord+ to a lett] ( w>n+ to ! ,*ri/ians 9 ,antw]p1 #aebe1 a fanatic 7,rumpelgei/7 !re taught3 ,e man has ! ,holy ,_s4 ,! ,holy ,_s is our reason & und]/&+ 7+5ium et ratio naturalis74 ,e man believes4 ,!re is nei!r hell nor damnation4 ,e "o w obta9 et]nal life4 ,nature tea*es t ,i %\ld d unto my neighbor z ,i w\ld h him d unto me--to desire :i* is fai?4 ,! ,law is n violat$ by evil lu/ z long z ,i d n cons5t to lu/4 ,:o has n ! ,holy ,gho/ has no s9 = he has no reason4 7,e4 #ec1 #cdd2 ,/4 ,l4 #ba;a #gcj2 ,end]s #e1 #adg47 ,9 8 report on ! ,m>burg ,colloquy1 ,octob] #e1 #aebi1 ,melan*?on rem>ks3 ,we h he>d t "s ( !m ! ,/rassburg]s speak ( ! ,deity z ! ,jews d1 z ?\gh ,*ri/ 7 n ,god by nature4 7,c4 ,r4 #a1 #ajii47 ,at ,m>burg1 ,zw+li rem>k$ t "s _h spok5 incorrectly conc]n+ ! ,tr9ity1 & t ,haetz] _h writt5 a book aga9/ ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 :i* he1 ,zw+li1 _h n p]mitt$ to be publi%$4 7#aajc47 ,9 a lett] ( ,lu!r to ,bug5hag51 #aecb we read3 ,y\r und]tak+ ( publi%+ a writ+ ( ,a?anasius conc]n+ ! ,tr9ity is ,*ri/ian & :olesome 9 ?is our mo/ corrupt "t1 9 :i* all articles ( fai? 9 g5]al are attack$ by ! s]vants ( ,satan1 & ! "o conc]n+ ! ,tr9ity is 9 p>ticul> beg9n+ to be d]id$ confid5tly by "s skeptics & ,epicureans4 ,^! are ably assi/$ n only by ^? ,italian gramm>ians ,humani/s & orators1 :i* !y flatt] !mselves to be1 b also by "s ,italico-,g]man vip]s & o!rs1 or1 z y are accu/om$ to call !m1 vip]-aspides1 :o s[ _! se$ "h & !re 9 _! disc\rses & writ+s1 &1 z ,paul says #b ,tim4 #b1 #ag1 eat z do? a cank] 7g> sehr um si* fress57 & promote godlessness1 ab\t :i* !y1 :5 among !mselves1 laugh s complac5tly & are s happy t "o c h>dly believe x4 7,/4 ,l4 #ad1 #cbf2 ,end]s #i1 #beb47 ,"s ,antitr9it>ians :o affiliat$ ) ! ,anabapti/s h already be5 ref]r$ to4 ,d5k1 ,haetz]1 & o!rs reject$ ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ because ( _! opposition to ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,haetz]1 z /at$ wrote a book aga9/ ! deity ( ,*ri/ 9 :i* he d5i$ ! trip]sonality ( ,god & ! preexi/5ce ( ! ,logos1 & blasphem\sly designat$ ! belief 9 ! deity ( ,*ri/ z sup]/ition & ! tru/ 9 ,8 satisfaction z dr9k+ on ! score ( ,*ri/ 7e9 ,ze*5 auf die ,kreide ,*ri/i74 ,accord+ to ,d5k1 ,*ri/ is m]ely an example %[+ u h[ to r$eem ourselves :i* we are all able to d because !re is /ill )9 u a se$ ( ! div9e ,^w & light4 7,ts*ack]t1 #adc1 #dfa47 ,x 0 ( ,d5k t ,capito wrote1 #aebf3 ,at ,nu]nb]g ! s*ooltea*] at ,/4 ,sebald d5i$ t ! ,holy ,gho/ & ! ,son are equal to ! ,fa!r1 & = ?is reason he 0 expell$4 7,plitt1 ,augu/ana #a1 #aec47 ,at ,/rassburg ! ,anabapti/s 7 publicly *>g$1 9 #aebf1 ) d5y+ ! ,tr9ity2 9 #aebi1 ) d5y+ ! deity ( ,*ri/4 ,9 #aebg ,urban ,regius spoke ( ! ,anabapti/s 9 ,augsburg z ma9ta9+ t ,*ri/ 0 m]ely a tea*] ( a ,*ri/ian life4 ,9 ! same ye> ,al?am] ( ,nu]nb]g publi%$ 8 book ,aga9/ ! ,new ,jews & ,arians "u ! ,*ri/ian ,"n ,:o ,d5y ! ,deity ( ,*ri/4 ,9 #aebi ,osi&] wrote conc]n+ ,anabapti/s 9 ,nu]nb]g3 ,x is well kn[n1 & may be prov$ by _! own writ+s1 t !y d5y & contradict ! sublime article ( our fai? conc]n+ ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 f :i* x foll[s imm$iately t !y also d5y ! deity ( ,*ri/4 ,*ri/ is n ! natural1 true ,son ( ,god1 su* 0 also ! accusation made by ,ju/us ,m5ius 9 8 book conc]n+ ! ,doctr9es & ,secrets ( ! ,anabapti/s4 ,9 8 ,s]mons on ! ,life ( ,lu!r1 ,ma!sius said ,n[ ! ,anabapti/s speak mo/ contemptu\sly ( ! deity ( ,jesus ,*ri/4444 ,?is 0 _! *ief article t !y despis$ ! writt5 ,^w1 ! ,holy ,bible1 & believ$ no?+ or v little ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ! et]nal ,son ( ,god4 #bfe4 ,franck1 ,campanus1 ,o*9o1 ,s]vetus1 ,bl&rata1 etc4 ,seba/ian ,franck & ,john ,campanus mu/ also be numb]$ among ! ,antitr9it>ians4 ,franck 0 a pan!i/1 :o _h be5 pa/or 9 ! vic9ity ( ,nu]nb]g till #aebh1 :5 he resign$ & engag$ 9 soap manufactur+1 writ+1 & pr9t+4 ,campanus appe>$ 9 ,witt5b]g1 #aebg4 ,at ! ,colloquy ( ,m>burg he endeavor$ to unite ,lu!r & ,zw+li by expla9+ ! words3 ,?is is ,my body to mean3 ,?is is a body creat$ by ,me4 ,9 #aecj he publi%$ a book3 ,aga9/ ! ,entire ,_w aft] ! ,apo/les--,contra ,totum po/ ,apo/olos ,mundum1 9 :i* he taught t ! ,son is inf]ior to ! ,fa!r1 & d5i$ ! p]sonality ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,he argues1 says ,melan*?on1 :o 9 8 lett]s frequ5tly ref]s to ! blasphemies ( ,campanus1 t ,*ri/ is n ,god2 t ! ,holy ,_s is n ,god2 t orig9al s9 is an empty ^w4 ,f9ally !re is no?+ :i* he does n trans=m into philosophy4 7,c4 ,r4 #b1 #cc4 #cd4 #ic4 #bi4 #eac2 #i1 #gfc2 #aj1 #acb47 ,:5 ,campanus endeavor$ to spread 8 doctr9es1 he 0 bani%$ f ,saxony1 #aeca4 ,he return$ to ,jueli*1 :]e he prea*$ on ! imm95ce ( ,judgm5t ,day1 ) ! result t ! peasants sold _! prop]ty & decl9$ to "w any long]4 ,campanus 0 imprison$ = tw5ty ye>s & di$ #aege4 ,prom95t among ! num]\s ,antitr9it>ians :o came f ,italy 7 ,o*9o1 ,s]vetus1 ,gribaldo1 ,g5tile1 ,bl&rata1 & ,alciati4 ,b]n>d9o ,o*9o1 born #adhg1 0 ,vic>-,g5]al ( ! ,capu*9s & a r5[n$ pulpit orator 9 ,si5a4 ,9 #aedb he 0 compell$ to leave ,italy 9 ord] to escape ! ,inquisition4 ,he s]v$ ! ,italian congregation 9 ,zuri* f #aeee to #aefd1 :5 he 0 bani%$ because he _h def5d$ polygamy4 ,he di$ 9 ,au/]litz1 #affe4 ,9 8 ,?irty ,dialogs1 publi%$ #aefc1 he rejects ! doctr9es ( ! ,tr9ity1 ( ! deity ( ,*ri/1 & ( ! atonem5t4 7,h]zog ,r4 #ad1 #bef47--,mi*ael ,s]vetus 0 born 9 #aeaa & educat$ at ,s>agossa & ,t\l\se4 ,9 #aeca1 at ,hag5au1 ,alsace1 he publi%$ ,de ,tr9itatis ,erroribus ,libri ,,vii4 ,he 0 oppos$ by ,zw+li & ,oecolampadius4 ,9 #aedj he wrote 8 ,*ri/ianismi ,re/itutio1 a volum9\s book1 :i* he publi%$ 9 #aeec4 ,9 x he opposes ! ,tr9ity z an unbiblical & satanic doctr9e1 & at ! same "t rejects orig9al s9 & infant baptism4 ,! result 0 t1 :ile pass+ ?r\gh ,g5eva on 8 way to ,italy1 he 0 arre/$ at ! in/ance ( ,calv91 tri$1 condemn$1 & burn$ at ! /ake1 ,octob] #bg1 #aeec--;an act :i* 0 approv$ also by ,melan*?on4 7,c4 ,r4 #h1 #cfb2 #i1 #gfc47--,matteo ,gribaldo1 9 #aeed1 utt]$ tri!i/ic views conc]n+ ! ,tr9ity 9 ! ,italian congregation at ,g5eva4 ,arre/$ 9 ,b]n1 he retract$ 8 doctr9e4 ,he di$ #aefd4--;,john ,val5t9e ,g5tile also belong$ to ! ,italian fugitives 9 ,g5eva4 ,9 #aeeh he sign$ an or?odox confession conc]n+ ! ,tr9ity4 ,be=e long1 h[ev]1 he relaps$ into 8 ,antitr9it>ian errors4 ,he 0 f9ally behead$ at ,b]n4 7,h]zog ,r4 #f1 #eah47 ,george ,bl&rata1 born #aeae1 0 influ5c$ by ,gribaldo4 ,fe>+ = 8 lib]ty1 he left ,g5eva & w5t to ,pol& & !nce to ,transylvania4 ,"h he publi%$ 8 ,confessio ,antitr9it>ia1 & 0 in/rum5tal 9 introduc+ ,unit>ianism into ,transylvania4 ,he di$ aft] #aehe4 ,9 #aeeh ,gianpaolo ,alciati ( ,pi$mont accompani$ ,bl&rata to ,pol&4 ,he taught t ,*ri/ 0 inf]ior to ! ,fa!r1 & d5i$ t !re 7 two natures 9 ,*ri/4 #bff4 ,davidis & ,soc9us4 ,francis ,davidis 9 ,transylvania 0 an ,antitr9it>ian ( ! mo/ radical /ripe4 ,he _h /udi$ 9 ,witt5b]g #aede & #aedh4 ,9 #aeeb he jo9$ ! ,lu!rans1 9 #aeei ! ,calv9i/s4 ,secretly aft] #aefj & publicly s9ce #aeff he coop]at$ ) ,bl&rata to introduce ,unit>ianism 9 ,transylvania4 ,9 num]\s disputations he attack$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity z unscriptural & contradictory4 ,9 #aefg he publi%$ 8 views 9 ,de ,falso et ,v]a ,unius ,dei ,patris1 ,filii et ,spiritus ,sancti ,cognitione ,libri ,duo4 ,he cont5d$ t ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity 0 ! s\rce ( all idolatry 9 ! ,*ur*2 t ,*ri/1 ?\gh born ( ,m>y 9 a sup]natural way1 0 preexi/5t only 9 ! decree ( ,god1 & t ! ,holy ,_s 0 m]ely a p[] emanat+ f ,god = our sanctification4 ,he also reject$ infant baptism & ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,aft] ! pr9ce & ! great] "p ( ! nobility _h be5 won = ,unit>ianism1 ,davidis1 9 #aefh1 0 made ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,unit>ian ,*ur* 9 ,transylvania4 ,9 #aega religi\s lib]ty 0 proclaim$1 & ,unit>ians1 ,ca?olics1 ,lu!rans1 & ,calv9i/s 7 tol]at$ equally4 ,be=e long1 h[ev]1 a reaction set 94 ,! ,ca?olic ,/ephan ,ba?ory1 :o succe$$ to ! ?rone1 remov$ ! ,unit>ians f 8 c\rt & surr\nd$ himself ) ,jesuits4 ,on ,m>* #bi1 #aegi1 ,davidis deliv]$ a s]mon aga9/ ! adoration ( ,*ri/1 decl>+ x to be ! same idolatry z ! invocation ( ,m>y & ! sa9ts4 ,?ree days aft] he 0 depos$ & imprison$4 ,9 ! proce$+s in/itut$ aga9/ him he 0 convict$ z a blasphem] & s5t5c$ to imprisonm5t = life4 ,he di$ 9 prison1 ,novemb] #ae1 #aegi1 prophesy+ ! f9al d[nfall ( all false dogmas1 mean+1 ( c\rse1 ! doctr9es :i* he _h combat$4 ,9 ,pol&1 especially s9ce #aedh1 ! humani/ic & lib]al-m9d$ nobility oppos$ ! ,ca?olic cl]gy & protect$ ,prote/ants & lat] on also fugitive ,antitr9it>ians4 ,among ^! 7 ! ,italians ,francis ,lismanio1 ,gregory ,pauli1 & ,pet] ,/atorius4 ,^! ,unit>ians1 h[ev]1 lack$ unity & h>mony4 ,!y disagre$ on infant baptism1 ! preexi/5ce & adoration ( ,*ri/1 etc4 ,^! diss5sions cont9u$ until ,fau/us ,soc9us 7born at ,si5a #aeci1 di$ #afjd 9 ,pol&7 arriv$4 ,he 0 ! nephew ( ! skeptical & lib]al-m9d$ ,laelius ,soc9us 7,lelio ,sozz9i7 :o left ,italy 9 #aedb1 :5 ! ,inquisition 0 e/abli%$ !re1 & di$ 9 ,zuri*1 #aefb4 ,fau/us ,soc9us claim$ t he _h receiv$ 8 ideas f 8 uncle ,laelius4 ,9 #aefb he publi%$ anonym\sly an explanation ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john1 :i*1 conta9$ ! entire program ( ,unit>ianism4 ,9 #aegh he foll[$ an invitation ( ,bl&rata to oppose non-adorantism 7! doctr9e t ,*ri/ mu/ n be ador$7 z taught by ,davidis4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ,fau/us remov$ to ,pol&1 :]e he endeavor$ to unite ! v>i\s ,unit>ian p>ties3 ! ,anabapti/s1 ,non-adorantes1 ! believ]s 9 ! preexi/5ce ( ,*ri/1 etc41 & _! oppon5ts4 ,! gr[? ( ,unit>ianism 9 ,pol& 0 rapid4 ,a s*ool fl\ri%$ 9 ,rak[ numb]+ 9 its palmy days ab\t #a1jjj s*ol>s4 ,h[ev] "h1 too1 a ,jesuitic reaction set 94 ,9 #afch ! s*ool at ,rak[ 0 de/roy$1 ! pr9t]y clos$1 & ! tea*]s & m9i/]s expell$4 ,9 #afeh ! ,unit>ians g5]ally 7 bani%$ z traitors1 & 9 #affa ! rigor\s laws aga9/ ,unit>ianism 7 confirm$4 ,! *ief s\rce ( ! ,antitr9it>ian & ,soc9ian doctr9e is ! ,racovian ,cate*ism1 publi%$ #afje 9 ! ,poli% & #afji 9 ! ,lat9 language "u ! title3 ,cate*ism ( ! ,*ur*es 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,pol& :i* affirm t no "o besides ! ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ is t ,"o ,god ( ,israel4 ,x tea*es3 ,!re is b "o div9e p]son2 ,*ri/ is a m]e man2 ! doctr9e conc]n+ ! deity ( ,*ri/ is false2 z a rew>d = ,8 s9less life1 ,god has giv5 ,*ri/ all p[] 9 heav5 & on e>?2 z su*1 z ,god's repres5tative 7homo ,deus factus1 ! man made ,god71 ,he may be ador$2 !re is no orig9al s92 ) ! help ( ,god1 t is to say1 ) ! comm&m5ts & promises ( ,god reveal$ by ,*ri/1 man may acquire salvation2 he is able to keep ^! comm&m5ts1 ?\gh n p]fectly2 man's %ortcom+s are p>don$ by ,god on acc\nt ( 8 good int5tion2 an atonem5t by ,*ri/ is n requir$ = ?is purpose2 moreov]1 ! doctr9e ( atonem5t mu/ be oppos$ z false & p]nici\s2 by ,8 dea? ,*ri/ m]ely seal$ ,8 doctr9e2 all :o obey ,8 comm&m5ts are adh]5ts ( ,*ri/2 ^! w p>ticipate 9 ,8 dom9ion2 ! wick$ & ! devils w be annihilat$2 !re is no su* ?+ z et]nal puni%m5t2 :atev] 9 ! ,bible comports ) human reason & s]ves moral ends is inspir$2 ! ,old ,te/am5t is sup]flu\s = ,*ri/ians1 because all matt]s p]ta9+ to religion are conta9$ bett] & cle>] 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 7,ts*ack]t1 #dgc47 ,evid5tly1 9 e detail1 ,antitr9it>ianism & ,soc9ianism are absolutely incompatible )1 & de/ructive (1 ! v ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,apology decl>es t ! d5i]s ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity are outside ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ & are idolat]s1 & insult ,god4 7#ajc1 #a47 ,?is v]dict is confirm$ by ,article ,,xii ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 7#hdc1 #cj2 #aajc1 #ci47 ,,xxiii4 ,orig91 ,subscription1 ,"*1 etc41 ( ,=mula ( ,concord4 #bfg4 ,lu!rans ,ye>n+ = a ,godly ,peace4 ,a holy zeal = ! purity & unity ( doctr9e is n at all incompatible1 r always & ( necessity connect$ ) an e>ne/ desire = peace2 n1 inde$1 a peace at any price1 b a truly ,*ri/ian & godly peace1 a peace consi/5t ) ! div9e tru?4 ,also 9 ! loyal ,lu!rans1 :o dur+ ! controv]sies aft] ,lu!r's dea? fai?fully adh]$ to _! ,confessions1 ! f]v5t desire = su* a godly peace grew 9 proportion z ! diss5sions increas$4 ,:ile ,calv9i/s & ,crypto-,calv9i/s 7 ! advocates ( a unioni/ic compromise1 true ,lu!rans ev]y:]e /ood = a union bas$ on ! tru? z taught by ,lu!r & conta9$ 9 ! ,lu!ran ,confessions4 ,?\gh ye>n+ = peace & pray+ t ! controv]sies might cease1 !y 7 det]m9$ t ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* %\ld nev] be contam9at$ ) indiff]5tism or unionism1 nor ) any tea*+ deviat+ 9 ! lea/ f ! div9e tru?4 ,z a result1 e>ne/ & repeat$ ef=ts to re/ore unity & peace 7 made ev]y:]e by ,lu!ran pr9ces z well z by !ologians1 especially ! !ologians :o _h n p>ticipat$ 9 ! controv]sies1 b = all t 7 no less conc]n$ ab\t ! ma9t5ance ( pure ,lu!ranism & no less oppos$ to a peace at ! exp5se ( ! div9e tru? ?an ! o!rs4 ,z e>ly z #aeec ,flacius & ,gallus publi%$ _! ,provokation od] ,erbiet5 d] adiaphoris*5 ,sa*5 halb51 auf ,erk5ntnis und ,urteil d] ,kir*54 ,9 ?is ,appeal !y urg$ t t5 or tw5ty compet5t m5 :o hi!rto _h n p>ticipat$ 9 ! public controv]sy be appo9t$ to decide ! *ief diff]5ces betwe5 !mselves & ! ,int]imi/s4 ,9 ! two foll[+ ye>s ,flacius & ,gallus cont9u$ _! endeavors to int]e/ influ5tial m5 9 ,saxony & o!r places = _! plan4 ,melan*?on & 8 ,witt5b]g colleagues1 h[ev]1 ma9ta9$ sil5ce 9 ! matt]4 ,at ! behe/ ( ! dukes ( ,?ur+ia1 ,amsdorf1 ,/olz1 ,aurifab]1 ,s*nepf1 & ,/rigel met at ,weim> 9 ! e>ly "p ( #aeec to discuss ! conditions ( peace4 ,oppos$ z !y 7 to a peace by agree+ to disagree or by ignor+ ! diff]5ces & pa/ cont5tions1 !y dem&$ t syn]gism1 ,majorism1 adiaphorism1 z also ! doctr9es ( ,zw+li1 ,osi&]1 & ,s*w5ckfeldt1 be publicly reject$ by ! ,witt5b]g]s4 7,preg] #b1 #d4 #g47 #bfh4 ,pacific ,ov]tures ( ,flacius4 ,soon aft] ! conv5tion 9 ,weim>1 ,gotts*alk ,praetorius1 rector ( ! s*ool 9 ,magdeburg1 & ,hub]tus ,languet f ,burgundy 7an intimate fri5d ( ,melan*?on & a gue/ at 8 table1 :o lat] on malici\sly sl&]$ ,flacius7 _h an int]view ) ,flacius1 9 :i* ! latt] submitt$ ! conditions on :i* peace might be e/abli%$4 ,h[ev]1 a lett] writt5 9 ?is matt] by ,praetorius1 9 ,april1 #aeef1 0 n answ]$ by ,melan*?on1 :o1 moreov]1 ins9uat$ t ,flacius's object m]ely 0 to k9dle hatr$4 7,c4 ,r4 #h1 #gid47 ,9 ,may1 #aeef1 ,flacius1 cont9u+ 8 peace ef=ts1 =w>d$ to ,paul ,eb] 8 ,mild ,proposals1 ,l9de ,vors*laege1 dadur* man gottselige und notw5dige fri$li*e ,v]glei*ung ma*5 ko5nte zwis*5 d5 ,witt5b]gis*5 und ,leipzigis*5 ,!olog5 9 causa ,adiaphori/ica und d5 &]n1 s wid] sie ges*rieb5 hab54 ,accord+ to ^! ,proposals1 ,flacius dem&$ t1 9 a publication sign$ by ! !ologians ( bo? p>ties1 ! ,pope be d5\nc$ z ! true ,anti*ri/1 ! ,augsburg ,int]im be reject$1 ! proposition3 ,good works are necess>y to salvation1 be condemn$1 also ! errors ( ,zw+li & ,osi&]4 ,! good ,"l kn[s1 said ,flacius1 t e day & h\r ,i consid] & plan e>ne/ly h[ ! affair ( ! ,adiaphori/s might be settl$ 9 a ,*ri/ian mann]4 ,b he add$ t he c\ld n be satisfi$ until1 by rep5tance1 !y wipe out _! s91 d5ial1 apo/asy1 & p]secution1 in/ead ( increas+ !m by _! excuses4 ,b ,flacius receiv$ an answ] nei!r f ,eb] nor f ,melan*?on4 ,in/ead1 ! ,witt5b]g]s1 ) ! sil5t cons5t ( ,melan*?on1 circulat$ a c>icature 9 :i* ,flacius 0 accord$ ! role ( a bray+ ass be+ cr[n$ by o!r asses ) a soil$ cr[n4 7,preg] #b1 #aa4 #ac47 ,ano!r (f] ( ,flacius to meet ,melan*?on 9 ,witt5b]g & discuss ! matt] p]sonally 0 also decl9$4 ,july #ae1 #aeef1 ,melan*?on wrote3 ,i enjoy$ a sweet fri5d%ip & famili>ity ) ,illyricus1 & ,i w\ld gladly conf] ) him on ! entire doctr9e4 ,b be=e ?is he has spread ?+s :i* ,i _h nei!r said nor ?\ght1 :]e=e n[1 too1 ,i fe> trea*]y 7insidias metuo74 ,timid z he 01 ,melan*?on really fe>$ = 8 life at ! contemplat$ colloquy1 because ! /atem5t ( ,*ytraeus3 ,z long z ,flacius & ,melan*?on are alive1 unity w n be re/or$1 _h be5 report$ to him 9 ! =m3 unless ,philip 7 put out ( ! way1 unity w\ld n be possible4 ,none ( my fri5ds1 he wrote1 is will+ to att5d ! colloquy1 & !y believe t x is n safe = me to conf] ) him ,flacius alone4 7,c4 ,r4 #h1 #gih47 ,consid]+ ,melan*?on's answ] z ins9c]e & sophi/ical1 ,flacius decl>$ t1 aft] hav+ e>ne/ly s\ght peace 9 a private way1 he w\ld n[ appeal to ! ,*ur*4 ,he did s by publi%+ ,von d] ,e9igkeit1 ,conc]n+ ,unity1 a book :i* he _h writt5 be=e he made 8 pacific ov]tures to ,melan*?on4 7,preg] #b1 #ag4 #bb47 ,h[ev]1 induc$ by a lett] ( ,fabricius ( ,meiss5 7,augu/ #bd1 #aeef71 ,flacius made a fur!r ef=t1 address+ ,melan*?on 9 a lett] ( ,septemb] #a1 #aeef1 9 :i* he implor$ him to make 8 peace ) ,god & ! ,*ur* by an unequivocal disav[al ( ,adiaphorism4 ,z a result1 ,melan*?on wrote 8 fam\s lett] ( ,septemb] #e1 #aeef1 ref]r$ to 9 our *apt] on ! ,adiaphori/ic ,controv]sy1 9 :i* he admitt$ 9 a qualifi$ way t he _h s9n$ 9 ! matt]4 ,9 8 reply ( ,septemb] #af1 #aeef1 ,flacius aga9 decl>$ t 8 object 0 n any triumph or glory = himself1 b only ! ma9t5ance ( tru? & ! root+ out ( error1 & t no?+ 0 able to remove ! (f5se giv5 by ,melan*?on & ! ,adiaphori/s b a cle> confession ( ! tru? & an unequivocal rejection ( error4 ,melan*?on1 h[ev]1 broke (f ! correspond5ce & cont9u$ to nurse 8 animosity aga9/ ,flacius4 7,preg] #b1 #bi;f47 #bfi4 ,l[] ,saxons ,endeavor+ to ,m$iate betwe5 ,melan*?on & ,flacius4 ,despite 8 exp]i5ces ) ,melan*?on1 ,flacius did n all[ himself to be disc\rag$ 9 8 ef=ts to br+ ab\t unity & peace4 ,embrac+ an opportunity :i* a correspond5ce ) ! cl]gy ( ,l[] ,saxony conc]n+ ,s*w5ckfeldt (f]$ him1 he reque/$ ! ,l[] ,saxons to m$iate betwe5 himself & ,melan*?on1 submitt+ = ?is purpose articles1 diff]+ f ! ,mild ,proposals only 9 expressly m5tion+ also ! ,leipzig ,int]im4 ,! reque/ 0 grant$1 & f\r sup]9t5d5ts1 accompani$ by f\r m9i/]s1 7 delegat$ = ! purpose to ,witt5b]g4 ,! delegates 73 f ,luebeck3 ,val5t9 ,curtius & ,dionysius ,s*unemann2 f ,hamburg3 ,paul von ,eitz5 & ,we/phal2 f ,lu5eburg3 ,f4 ,h5n+ & ,antonius ,wipp]mann2 f ,brunswick3 ,mo]l9 & ,*emnitz4 ,aft] agree+1 at ,brunswick1 ,janu>y #ad1 #aeeg1 on !ses bas$ on ^? ( ,flacius1 & aft] conf]r+ ) ,flacius 9 ,magdeburg1 ,janu>y #ag1 #aeeg !y unexpect$ly1 ,janu>y #ai1 arriv$ 9 ,wltt5b]g1 (f]+ _! s]vices z m$iators4 ,melan*?on receiv$ !m 9 a fri5dly mann]1 b :51 on ! foll[+ day1 ,mo]l9 read ! articles ( agreem5t1 he d5\nc$ ,flacius & ,gallus z hav+ sl&]$ him1 & decl9$ to treat ) ! ,l[] ,saxons on ! basis ( ! ,flacian !ses4 ,on ,janu>y #ba ! delegation submitt$ eight new articles4 ,( ^! ! ?ird read3 ,all corruptions :i* militate aga9/ ! pure apo/olic doctr9e & t ( ! ,augsburg ,confession %all be elim9at$ f ! article ( ju/ification1 9 p>ticul> ! corruption conc]n+ ! necessity ( good works to salvation4 ,article ,,vii reque/$ ,melan*?on to make a public /atem5t conc]n+ ! adiaphora & ! necessity ( good works1 decl>+ 8 agreem5t ) ! confession ( our ,*ur*4 7,preg] #b1 #cg47 ,! pres5tation ( ^! articles _h a mo/ unfavorable effect on ,melan*?on4 ,! ,saxon m$iators report t he 0 excit$ to su* an ext5t t !y fe>$ he w\ld be tak5 s]i\sly ill4 ,9 a mo/ viol5t mann] ,melan*?on *>g$ ! delegation ) trea*]\sly conspir+ ) ,flacius to ensn>e him4 ,h[ev]1 appeas$ by ,paul ,eb]1 he f9ally cons5t$ to reply 9 writ+ on ! morr[1 ,janu>y #bb4 ,9 8 answ] ,melan*?on decl>$3 ,= ?irty ye>s he _h borne ! heavy burd5s ( ! ,*ur* & enc\nt]$ mo/ insidi\s conflicts2 !y !re=e ought n[ to h _h compassion ) him in/ead ( assault+ him alone2 x 0 be+ fulfill$ :at ,/urm _h once told him on leav+3 ,we %all meet aga9 to crucify y4 ,sp>+ ,flacius1 !y _h pres5t$ articles ) ! sole purpose ( =c+ him & o!rs to cut _! own ?roats4 ,z to ! articles !mselves1 ,melan*?on object$ to ! ?ird1 because1 he said1 x falsely *>g$ him & o!rs ) hav+ taught & def5d$ errors reg>d+ ju/ification4 ,he decl9$ ,article ,,vii because ! publication !re requir$ 0 unnecess>y1 s9ce x might easily be le>n$ f 8 _m writ+s :at he _h taught 9 ! matt] !re ref]r$ to4 7,preg] #b1 #ch4 #dj47 ,fe>+ t ! ,l[] ,saxon m$iators might yield & make concessions detrim5tal to ! tru?1 ,flacius & 8 adh]5ts 7,wig&1 ,baumg>tn]1 ,judex1 ,alb]t ,*ri/iani1 ,p4 ,arbit]1 ,h4 ,br5z1 ,antonius ,otto7 assembl$ 9 ,coswig1 a place n v f> f ,witt5b]g4 ,9 a lett]1 dat$ ,janu>y #ba1 #aeeg1 !y admoni%$ ! ,saxon m$iators n to yield any?+ contr>y to ! div9e tru? b firmly to insi/ on ! elim9ation ( ! errors connect$ ) ! ,int]im 7ut id iugulum recte iuguletis74 ,flacius also reque/$ ,c\nt ( ,ungnad fir/ to meet !m 9 ,coswig1 & !n g to ,witt5b]g 9 ord] to assi/ 9 w9n+ ,melan*?on = 8 peace proposals4 ,9 ! lett] to ! ,c\nt1 ,flacius rem>k$3 he fe>$ t ! m$iators 7 adm9i/]+ to ,melan*?on sweet r ?an :olesome & /rong m$ic9e4 7,preg] #b1 #db47 ,9 a simil> mann] ,pa/or ,mi*ael ,/iefel 0 urg$ to g to ,witt5b]g to influ5ce ,melan*?on4 ,at ! same "t ,judex 0 s5t to implore ! ,saxon delegates n to discont9ue _! ef=ts1 & adopt no resolution be=e submitt+ x also to !m ! ,magdeburg]s = consid]ation4 ,no news hav+ arriv$ by ,saturday1 ,janu>y #bc1 an additional lett] 0 dispat*$ to ,witt5b]g1 writt5 9 ! same _s ( anxiety1 & urg+ ! m$iators to /& firm1 n to yield1 & to cont9ue _! ef=ts until successful1 s9ce failure1 !y said w\ld n only expose !m to ridicule1 b greatly damage ! ,*ur*4 7#b1 #db;f47 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! same day ,mo]l9 ,h5nig1 & ,we/phal arriv$ 9 ,coswig4 ,mo]l9 report$ on _! discussions1 & submitt$ ! articles pres5t$ to ,melan*?on toge!r ) ! latt]'s answ]4 ,at ! same "t he reque/$ ! ,flacians to ov]look ! h>% language ( ,philip1 tell+ also ( ! animosity & g5]al opposition !y _h met ) 9 ,witt5b]g1 :]e ! /ud5ts1 he said1 _h ev5 ?reat5$ to /one !m4 ,hav+ he>d ! report ! ,flacians )drew = a brief consultation4 ,_! impression 0 7:i* !y nei!r made any ef=ts to hide7 t 9 def]5ce to ,melan*?on ! ,saxons _h n be5 suffici5tly c>eful 9 seek+ only ! honor ( ,god1 ! welf>e ( ! ,*ur*1 & ! true conv]sion ( s9n]s4 ,9 a meet+ held on ,sunday1 ,janu>y #bd1 ,wig& & ,flacius decl>$ _! dissatisfaction ) ! proce$+s 9 ,witt5b]g4 ,ref]r+ p>ticul>ly to ! %ock+ /ubbornness ( ,melan*?on1 ! =m] urg$ ! ,saxon delegates to reg>d ,god high] ?an m51 & e>ne/ly & op5ly to call ! ,witt5b]g]s to rep5tance4 ,he !reupon h&$ ! delegates1 besides a li/ ( ,adiaphori/ic errors & ( (f5sive /atem5ts cull$ f ,major's homilies1 two seal$ lett]s1 :i* conta9$ _! /rictures on ! eight articles pres5t$ to ,melan*?on1 _! answ] to ,melan*?on's *>ges1 etc4 ,flacius said 9 ! meet+3 ,?is matt] tr\bl$ him day & night2 hope = ! conv]sion ( ! ,adiaphori/s :o _h despis$ ! admonition1 n ( m5 b ( ! ,holy ,_s1 0 con/antly decreas+2 hav+ already yield$ m ?an he %\ld h done1 he n[ mu/ insi/ t1 9 a publication sign$ by bo? p>ties1 ! ,leipzig ,int]im be condemn$ by "n1 & t also 9 ! future ! p be w>n$ aga9/ su* s9s & be call$ to rep5tance4 ,flacius fur!rmore decl>$ t 8 !ses %\ld h be5 ei!r reta9$ or refut$4 ,9 ?is he 0 support$ by ,otto ( ,nordhaus54 ,mo]l9 answ]$1 irritat$3 ,!y _h pres5t$ o!r articles because ,melan*?on _h decl9$ ! fir/2 if any "o 0 able to frame bett] !ses1 he 0 at lib]ty to d s4 ,disc\rag$ & ill-humor$1 ! delegation return$ to ,witt5b]g1 :]e1 too1 animosity _h rea*$ its climax4 ,= 9 8 s]mon1 deliv]$ ,sunday 9 ,bug5hag5's pulpit1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( ,melan*?on & ! o!r pr(essors1 ,john ,curio _h spok5 ( ,flacius z ! rascal & knave 7,s*alk und ,bube71 & ev5 ref]r$ to ! ,l[] ,saxon delegates 9 unfri5dly t]ms4 ,also a fil?y & insult+ pasquil1 p]haps compos$ by ,paul ,crell1 9 :i* ,flacius & ! ,saxon delegates 7 revil$1 0 circulat$ 9 ,witt5b]g & ev5 s5t to ,coswig4 7,preg] #b1 #di47 ,! fir/ l9es ( ! pasquil ran ?us2 ,qui huc v5i/is legati ,illyrici p]m]dati1 ,ab illo concacati1 ,polypragmones inflati1 ,illius natibus nati1 ,quae communio v]itati1 ,m5dacio et vanitati8 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #ej4 #bce47 ,hav+ read ! seal$ lett]s & conv9c$ !mselves t ,melan*?on c\ld nev] be induc$ to acc$e to ! dem&s ( ! ,magdeburg]s1 ! delegation 7) ! exception ( ,*emnitz7 imm$iately return$ to ,coswig1 ,janu>y #be4 ,"h !y decl>$3 ,!y _h n deliv]$ ! li/ ( errors to ,melan*?on2 if !y _h done s1 delib]ations w\ld h be5 brok5 (f imm$iately2 only ! *>ges ) respect to ju/ification _h be5 transmitt$2 !y !re=e reque/$ ! ,magdeburg]s to decl>e _! agreem5t ) ! articles already submitt$ to ,melan*?on4 ,see+ no o!r c\rse1 ! ,magdeburg]s f9ally yield$1 ?\gh reluctantly1 & n )\t prote/s & "s *anges 9 ! articles4 ,flacius1 too1 cons5t$1 b only ) a w\nd$ consci5ce1 z he decl>$4 ,hav+ return$ to ,witt5b]g1 ! delegates transmitt$ ! modifi$ articles toge!r ) ! additions ( ! ,magdeburg]s to ,melan*?on4 ,9 8 answ] ( ,janu>y #bg to ! ,l[] ,saxon pa/ors1 ,melan*?on said 9 "p3 ,y "k t 9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s a great confusion ( op9ions obta9$ 9 :i* x 0 difficult n to /umble some:]e4 ,& _m hypocrites h be51 & /ill are1 ho/ile 9 p>ticul> to me4 ,i 0 also drawn into ! insidi\s delib]ations ( ! pr9ces4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,i h ei!r /umbl$ any:]e or be5 too lukew>m 9 any matt]1 ,i ask ,god & ! *ur*es to =give me & %all submit to ! v]dict ( ! ,*ur*4444 ,z to ! ,flacian qu>rels1 h[ev]1 conc]n+ :i* y are n[ treat+ ) me s eag]ly1 & into :i* ,flacius has inject$ _m =eign matt]s1 y y\rselves "k t ?is affair p]ta9s also to _m o!rs1 & t1 )\t (f5d+ !m1 ,i _c decide & settle any?+ 7me aliquid /atu]e posse74444 ,?is n[ ,i desire to be my la/ answ] 7hanc volo nunc meam po/remam responsionem esse72 if x does n satisfy y1 ,i appeal to ! v]dict ( ! ,*ur* 9 :i* y1 too1 w be judges4 ,may ! ,son ( ,god gov]n all ( u1 & grant t we be "o 9 ,him6 ,z to ! articles submitt$ by ! delegates1 ,melan*?on reject$ all ! *anges & additions sugge/$ by ! ,magdeburg]s4 ,he decl>$ t he 0 n will+ to ent] into a discussion ( ! adiaphora1 nor 9 any way to c5sure ! honorable m5 :o _h p>ticipat$ 9 ! delib]ations conc]n+ ! ,leipzig ,int]im4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #fb47 ,t[>d ev5+ ,flacius receiv$ ,melan*?on's answ]1 toge!r ) ! in=mation t ! ,saxon delegates w\ld dep>t on ! morr[1 & t n[ ! ,magdeburg]s might d :at seem$ be/ to !m4 ,e>ly next morn+ !y dispat*$ ano!r lett] writt5 by ,flacius1 9 :i* !y modifi$ _! dem&s1 & urg$ ! ,saxon delegates to cont9ues _! ef=ts to induce ! ,witt5b]g]s to reject ! ,adiaphori/ic errors4 ,we call ^u ,god z our witness1 !y said1 t we mo/ e>ne/ly desire a godly peace1 & t1 if x is n br\ght ab\t1 ! fault lies n ) u1 b ) !m1 :o expressly say & confess conc]n+ !mselves t !y absolutely refuse to condemn ! ,adiaphori/ic errors--! real issue ( ! entire controv]sy4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #fg47 ,b ! mess5g] arriv$ too late2 he met ! delegation :5 !y 7 ab\t to leave ! gates ( ,witt5b]g4 ,increas$ animosity on bo? sides 0 ! only result ( ! m$iation-ef=ts ( ! ,l[] ,saxon !ologians4 #bgj4 ,futile ,ef=ts ( ,duke ,john ,albre*t4 ,f\r weeks lat] ,duke ,john ,albre*t ( ,meckl5burg s5t mess5g]s to ,witt5b]g = ! same purpose1 viz41 ( m$iat+ betwe5 ,melan*?on & ,flacius1 ,melan*?on 9 p>ticul> hav+ previ\sly reque/$ him to frame articles :i* might s]ve z a basis ( peace4 ,! articles1 compos$ by ! !ologians & c\nselors ( ! ,duke1 7 m sev]e ?an ^? ( ! ,l[] ,saxons4 ,george ,v5etus1 pr(essor at ,ro/ock1 & ,c\nselor ,&rew ,mylius 7 commission$ to pres5t !m1 fir/ at ,witt5b]g1 !n at ,magdeburg4 ,:5 ! articles 7 submitt$ to ,melan*?on1 he aga9 fell into a /ate ( viol5t agitation4 ,! report says3 ,z soon z he notic$ t ,adiaphorism 0 criticiz$1 & t he 0 reque/$ to reject x ev5 if only 9 a mild =m1 he in/antly sprang up ) great impati5ce & w\ld n p]mit !m ! delegates to f9i% _! spee* 7al?\gh !y mo/ e>ne/ly1 9 ! "n ( _! pr9ce1 reque/$ to be he>d71 b bur/ =? into invectives & d5unciations ( ,illyricus & o!rs1 & f9ally also declaim$ aga9/ ! pr9ce himself & 8 delegates1 vocif]at+ t ,illyricus secretly ent]ta9$ _m repulsive errors1 etc4 ,on ,febru>y #bg1 ,melan*?on deliv]$ 8 answ] to ! delegates4 ,:5 ^! urg$ him to give a m favorable reply1 he aga9 int]rupt$ !m1 exclaim+3 ,oppress me1 if y s desire2 su* is ! lot ( ! peaceful4444 ,i comm5d myself to ,god4 ,aft] ,melan*?on _h left1 ,peuc]1 :o _h accompani$ him1 h>%ly told ! delegates3 ,don't tr\ble my fa!r-9-law any m ) su* matt]s4 ,ihr sollt =?9 me95 ,s*waeh] zufri$5 lass5 mit sol*5 ,ha5deln4 7#i1 #ajf;f47 ,reg>d+ ! la/ 7#h7 ( ! articles submitt$ by ! delegates ( ,duke ,albre*t :i* dealt ) ! ,adiaphora1 ,melan*?on decl>$ 9 8 answ] ( ,febru>y #bg3 ,i %\ld n be a/oni%$ to h ^! two conditions to confess ! ,adiaphori/ic errors1 etc4 impos$ on me if ,i _h be5 an enemy4 ,! action ( ! ,saxon pa/ors 0 mild]4 ,i may h be5 lukew>m 9 "s transactions1 b ,i c]ta9ly h nev] be5 an enemy4444 ,!re=e ,i cle>ly /ate t ,i d n ass5t to ^! pres5tations ( ,duke ,albre*t1 :i* are cunn+ly fram$ s t1 if ,i accept !m1 ,i myself may cut my ?roat 7ut me1 si eas recep]o1 ipse iugulem74 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #ajd47 ,! ,magdeburg]s refus$ to p>ticipate 9 ^! ef=ts ( ,c\nt ,albre*t1 *iefly because1 z !y said1 !re 0 no hope = peace z long z ,melan*?on rema9$ "u ! influ5ce ( 8 ,witt5b]g fri5ds4 ,b ev5 n[ ,flacius did n entirely ab&on 8 attempts to br+ ab\t a godly peace4 ,9 #aeeg he ask$ ,paul ,v]g]ius1 :o pass$ ,j5a on 8 way to ,witt5b]g1 to treat ) ,melan*?on on ! ,adiaphori/ic "q4 ,melan*?on1 h[ev] is report$ to h said3 ,omit t2 let u treat ( o!r ?+s4 ,flacius also wrote to ,k+ ,*ri/ian ,,iii ( ,d5m>k to influ5ce ,elector ,augu/ to aboli% ! ,adiaphori/ic errors1 b app>5tly )\t any result4 #bga4 ,cla% at ,colloquy 9 ,worms1 #aeeg4 ,! ,diet at ,reg5sburg1 :i* adj\rn$ 9 ,m>* ( #aeeg1 resolv$ t a colloquy be held at ,worms to br+ ab\t an agreem5t betwe5 ! ,lu!ran & ,roman p>ties ( ! ,empire4 ,9 ord] to prep>e = ! colloquy1 a conv5tion 0 held by ! ,lu!rans 9 ,june1 #aeeg1 at ,frank=t-on-!-,ma94 ,june #cj a resolution 0 adopt$ to ! effect t all controv]sies among ! ,lu!rans be susp5d$1 & ! ,romani/s be told at ! prospective colloquy t ! ,lu!rans 7 all agre$ 9 ! *ief po9ts ( doctr9e4 ,aga9/ ?is resolution ,ni*olas ,gallus & sev]al o!rs ent]$ _! prote/4 ,self-evid5tly1 also ,flacius & 8 adh]5ts :o _h always held t ! controv]t$ issues involv$ ess5tial po9ts ( doctr9e1 c\ld n ass5t to ! resolution )\t violat+ _! consci5ce1 & d5y+ _! convictions & ! tru? z !y saw x4 ,su* be+ ! situation1 ! wise ?+ = ! ,lu!rans to d w\ld h be5 to decl9e ! colloquy4 ,=1 s9ce also ,ducal ,saxony ) its /an* ,lu!rans 0 held to att5d x1 a public humiliat+ cla% ( ! ,lu!rans 0 unavoidable4 ,be=e ! =mal op5+ ( ! colloquy1 ! ,?ur+ian delegates at ,worms receiv$ a lett] f ,flacius1 dat$ ,augu/ #i1 #aeeg 9 :i* he admoni%$ !m to make a det]m9$ confession1 & to induce ! o!r ,lu!ran !ologians to reject ! ,int]im1 ,adiaphorism1 ,majorism1 ,osi&rism & ,zw+lianism4 ,?is 0 necess>y1 said ,flacius1 because ! ,romani/s w\ld1 no d\bt exploit ! concessions made 9 ! ,leipzig ,int]im & ! diss5sions exi/+ among ! ,lu!rans4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 l#ii;ff474 ,flacius express$ ! same views 9 an op9ion to ! dukes ( ,saxony1 :o1 9 turn1 gave correspond+ in/ructions to _! delegates 9 ,worms4 ,9 a lett] dat$ ,augu/ #bj1 #aeeg ,duke ,john ,fr$]ick said x 0 impossible t1 9 def5d+ ! ,augsburg ,confession aga9/ ! ,romani/s1 ! ,lu!rans c\ld /& z "o man & speak z ) "o m\? 7fu] e95 ,mann und also ex uno ore71 if !y _h n previ\sly come to an agreem5t among !mselves & condemn$ ! errors4 ,= o!rwise ! ,papi/s w\ld be able to defeat ! ,lu!rans ) _! own sword1 i4e41 _! own polemical publications4 7#bca47 ,on ! same day1 ,augu/ #bj1 #aeeg1 ,flacius repeat$ 8 s5tim5ts & admonitions 9 lett]s to ,s*nepf1 ,mo]l91 & ,s>c]ius4 7#bcb;ff47 ,9 a meet+ ( ! ,lu!ran !ologians at ,worms1 held ,septemb] #e1 ,dr4 ,basilius ,monn]1 pr(essor ( jurisprud5ce at ,j5a made a motion 9 keep+ ) 8 in/ructions & ! admonitions ( ,flacius1 :]eupon ,erh>d ,s*nepf1 pr(essor 9 ,j5a1 read a li/ ( ! errors t ought to be reject$4 ,b ! majority1 l$ by ,melan*?on1 oppos$ ! motion4 ,a brea* seem$ unavoidable4 ,= ,duke ,john ,fr$]ick _h decid$ t 8 !ologians c\ld n p>ticipate 9 ! colloquy ) ,lu!rans :o refus$ to reject errors conflict+ ) ! ,augsburg ,confession1 nor recognize !m z pure1 fai?ful1 loyal1 & true memb]s & adh]5ts ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ! ,apology1 & ! ,smalcald ,articles4 7,preg] #b1 #fg47 ,! imm95t cla% 0 tempor>ily w>d$ (f by ! concession on ! "p ( ! ,melan*?onians t ! ,?ur+ian !ologians %\ld be all[$ freely to express _! op9ion on any article discuss$ at ! colloquy4 ,at ! session held ,septemb] #aa1 #affg1 h[ev]1 ,bi%op ,mi*ael ,held+ dem&$ to "k :e!r ! ,lu!rans exclud$ ! ,zw+lians1 ,calv9i/s1 ,osi&ri/s & ,flacians 79 ! doctr9e de s]vo arbitrio7 f ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,! ,jesuit ,canisius pli$ ! ,lu!rans ) simil> que/ions3 ,:e!r !y consid]$ ,osi&]1 ,major1 & o!rs adh]5ts ( ! ,augu/ana4 ,melan*?on decl>$ evasively t all evangelical delegates & pa/ors pres5t 7 agre$ 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,z a result ! ,?ur+ians decid$ to ent] _! prote/4 ,9 a special meet+ ( ! ,lu!rans ! majority ?reat5$ to exclude ! ,?ur+ians f all foll[+ sessions if !y d>$ to express _! prote/ conta9+ ! li/ ( errors :i* !y reject$ be=e ! ,papi/s4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t ! ,?ur+ians pres5t$ _! prote/ 9 writ+ to ! ,presid5t1 ,julius ,pflug1 & dep>t$ f ,worms4 ,! ,romani/s1 :o f ! beg9n+ _h be5 oppos$ to ! colloquy1 refus$ to treat ) ! rema9+ ,lu!ran !ologians1 because !y said1 x 0 impossible to "k :o ! true adh]5ts ( ! ,augsburg ,confession 7 ) :om1 accord+ to ! ,reg5sburg ,resolution1 !y 7 to deal4 #bgb4 ,ef=ts ( ,pr9ces to ,re/ore ,unity3 ,frank=t ,recess4 ,! ,colloquy ( ,worms _h increas$ ! enmity & animosity among ! ,lu!rans4 ,x _h br\ght _! qu>rels to a climax1 & giv5 (ficial publicity to ! diss5sions exi/+ among !m1--a situation :i* 0 unscrupul\sly exploit$ by ! ,romani/s also politically1 _! s9i/] object be+ to rob ! ,lu!rans ( ! privileges gu>ante$ by ! ,augsburg ,peace1 & to compel !m to return to ! ,roman fold4 ,9 p>ticul> ! ,jesuits /ress$ ! po9t t ! diss5sions among ! ,lu!rans prov$ conclusively t !y _h ab&on$ ! ,augsburg ,confession to ! adh]5ts ( :i* alone ! provisions ( ! ,augsburg ,peace ( #aeee appli$4 ,at ! same "t !y embrac$ ! opportunity to spread false reports conc]n+ all mann] ( h]esies t 7 tol]at$ 9 ! ,lu!ran *ur*es4 ,?is r\s$ ! ,lu!ran pr9ces1 :o accord+ to ! ,augsburg ,peace ,treaty 7 responsible to ! ,empire = ! religi\s conditions )9 _! t]ritories1 to b5d all _! en]gies t[>d heal+ ! brea* & re/or+ religi\s unity )9 _! *ur*es4 ,ef=ts to ?is effect 7 made especially at ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 #aeeh1 & at ,naumburg1 #aefa4 ,b in/ead ( promot+ peace among ! ,lu!rans also ^! conv5tions ( ! pr9ces m]ely p\r$ oil into ! flames by add+ new subjects ( diss5sion1 increas+ ! g5]al di/ru/1 & confirm+ ! conviction t ,lu!r's doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp] 0 9 dang] inde$4 ,=1 in/ead ( insi/+ on a cle> confession ( ! tru? & an unequivocal rejection ( error1 ! pr9ces endeavor$ to e/abli% peace by ignor+1 veil+1 & compromis+ ! diff]5ces4 ,at ,frank=t1 ,otto ,h5ry ( ! ,palat9ate1 ,augu/us ( ,saxony1 ,joa*im ( ,br&5burg1 ,wolfgang ( ,zweibrueck51 ,*ri/oph] ( ,wu]ttemb]g1 & ,philip ( ,hesse discuss$ ! religi\s situation &1 on ,m>* #ah1 #aeeh1 sign$ ! s-call$ ,frank=t ,recess 7,agreem5t71 9 :i* !y aga9 solemnly pl$g$ _! adh]5ce to ! ,holy ,scriptures1 ! ,ecum5ical ,symbols1 ! ,augsburg ,confession ( #aecj1 & its ,apology4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #did47 ,9 ! ,recess ! pr9ces /at$ t ! exi/+ diss5sions enc\rag$ ! ,romani/s to proce$ aga9/ ! ,lu!rans1 :o1 ! pr9ces decl>$1 7 n disagre$ 9 _! confession4 ,9 f\r articles ! controv]t$ que/ions conc]n+ ju/ification1 good works1 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 & ! adiaphora 7 dealt )1 b 9 vague & ambigu\s t]ms1 ! articles be+ bas$ on ,melan*?on's anti-,flacian op9ion ( ,m>* #d1 #aeeh4 7#dii;ff42 #dfb;ff47 ,:5 ! ,frank=t ,recess 0 submitt$ = subscription to ! e/ates :o _h n be5 pres5t at ,frank=t1 x fail$ to receive ! expect$ approval4 ,x 0 criticiz$ by ! !ologians ( ,anhalt1 ,h5neb]g1 ,meckl5burg1 ,pom]ania1 ! ,l[] ,saxon cities1 & ,reg5sburg4 ,! /ronge/ opposition1 h[ev]1 came f ,ducal ,saxony1 :]e ,flacius attack$ ! ,recess 9 two books4 ,! fir/ 0 entitl$3 ,refutatio ,sam>itani ,int]im1 9 quo v]a religio cum sectis et corruptelis scel]ate et p]niciose confunditur--,refutation ( ! ,sam>itan ,int]im1 9 :i* ! true religion is crim9ally & p]nici\sly conf\nd$ ) ! sects4 ,! o!r3 ,grund und ,ursa*'1 w>um das ,frankfurtis* ,int]im 9 ke9em ,wege anzunehm5 sei--,reason & ,cause :y ! ,frank=t ,int]im mu/ ,n be ,adopt$4 ,! *ief objections ( ,flacius 73 #a4 ,! ,smalcald ,articles %\ld h be5 includ$ 9 ! confessions subscrib$ to4 #b4 ,! diff]5ces )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* %\ld n h be5 treat$ z que/ions ( m9or import4 #c4 ,major's /atem5t %\ld h be5 reject$ z simply false1 & n m]ely :5 falsely int]pret$4 #d4 ,! /atem5ts conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] are d>k1 g5]al1 & ambigu\s1 h5ce ,crypto-,calv9i/ic4 #e4 ,! article on ! adiaphora is ambigu\s & altoge!r unsatisfactory4 #f4 ,! measures adopt$ to suppress !ological discussions & controv]sies w\ld lead to suppression ( ! tru? 7b9d+ ! m\? ( ! ,holy ,gho/7 & tyranniz+ ( ! *ur*es by ! pr9ces4 7,preg] #b1 #gd47 ,9 8 attitude ,flacius 0 support$ by 8 colleagues 9 ,j5a & by ,duke ,john ,fr$]ick4 ,:5 a delegation appe>$ reque/+ him to sign ! ,recess1 he decl9$ & ord]$ 8 !ologians to set =? 8 objection 9 a special book4 ,elector ,augu/1 9 turn1 *>g$ ,melan*?on to write an apology ( ! ,recess aga9/ ! ducal !ologians2 :i*1 aga91 0 answ]$ by ,flacius4 ,9 ord] to unite ! oppon5ts ( ! ,recess1 ,john ,fr$]ick invit$ ! ,l[] ,saxons to att5d a conv5tion 9 ,magdeburg4 ,:5 ?is fail$1 ,flacius induc$ ! ,duke to publi% a book treat+ p>ticul>ly ! doctr9al diff]5ces )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,9 ! draft+ & revision ( ?is ,book ( ,confutation1 z x 0 call$1 ! foll[+ !ologians p>ticipat$3 ,/rigel1 ,s*nepf1 ,&rew ,huegel1 ,john ,/oessel1 ,simon ,musaeus1 ,joa*im ,mo]l91 ,s>c]ius1 ,aurifab]1 & ,flacius4 ,novemb] #bh1 #aeeh1 x receiv$ ! sanction ( ! dukes4 ,among ! ,melan*?onians ! ,book ( ,confutation1 :i* _h made x a special po9t to refute & reject ! errors ( ! ,witt5b]g ,philippi/s1 caus$ con/]nation & bitt] res5tm5t4 ,= evid5tly its !ological attitude 0 incompatible ) ! ,recess1 & h5ce ! brea* n[ seem$ incurable & p]man5t4 ,by ord] ( ,elector ,augu/1 ,melan*?on1 9 ! "n ( ! ,witt5b]g faculty1 wrote an op9ion ( ! ,book ( ,confutation4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #gfc47 ,b cont5ts z well z =m ( ?is op9ion m]ely s]v$ to confirm ! ducal !ologians 9 _! position4 ,! ,philippi/s also =tifi$ !mselves by publi%+ ! ,corpus ,doctr9ae 7,corpus ,philippicum or ,misnicum71 :i* conta9$ writ+s only ( ,melan*?on4 ,! ,frank=t ,recess1 !re=e1 in/ead ( br++ relief to ! ,lu!rans1 only increas$ _! mutual enmity & di/ru/4 ,9 ord] to reconcile ,john ,fr$]ick1 ! ,duke ( ,wu]ttemb]g sugge/$ a conv5tion ( pr9ces at ,fulda1 on ,janu>y #bj1 #aeei4 ,b :5 ,elector ,augu/ he>d t besides ! ,duke ( ,saxony also o!r oppon5ts ( ! ,frank=t ,recess 7 invit$1 he foil$ ! plan by decl9+ to att5d4 #bgc4 ,g5]al ,lu!ran ,c\ncil advocat$ by ,flaciani/s4 ,to heal ! brea* & end ! public sc&al1 ,flacius & 8 adh]5ts f]v5tly advocat$ ! convocation ( a ,g5]al ,lu!ran ,synod4 ,9 #aeei !y publi%$ ,supplicatio ,quorundam ,!ologorum 444 pro ,lib]a ,*ri/iana et ,legitima ,synodo1 ,supplication ( ,"s ,!ologians 444 = a ,free1 ,*ri/ian & ,lawful ,synod4 ,! docum5t 0 sign$ by #ea sup]9t5d5ts1 pr(essors1 & pa/ors1 :o aft] ,lu!r's dea?1 z !y emphasiz$1 _h cont5d$ orally & 9 writ+ aga9/ ! corruptions & sects4 ,! signatures repres5t$ !ologians f ,ducal ,saxony1 ,hamburg1 ,brem51 ,luebeck1 ,ro/ock1 ,wism>1 ,brunswick1 ,magdeburg1 ,halb]/adt1 ,koe!n1 ,nordhaus51 ,s*we9furt1 ,reg5sburg1 ,l9dau1 ,upp] ,palat9ate1 ,hesse1 ,br&5burg1 ,electoral ,saxony1 ,nu]nb]g1 ,augsburg1 ,bad51 etc4 ,"s ( ! fir/ 73 ,amsdorf1 ,musaeus1 ,joa*im ,mo]l91 ,hes%usius1 ,max ,mo]l91 ,gallus1 ,wig&1 ,judex1 ,we/phal1 ,john ,fr$] ( ,wism>1 ,anton ,otto ( ,nordhaus51 ,flacius4 ,! ,supplication %[$ :y a ,g5]al ,synod 0 necess>y & h[ x 0 to be conduct$4 ,its *ief object1 ! ,supplication said1 w\ld be to pass on adiaphorism1 ,majorism1 & syn]gism1 all p>ticipants 9 ! ,synod hav+ previ\sly be5 pl$g$ on ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ! ,apology1 & ! ,smalcald ,articles1 accord+ to :i* all que/ions 7 to be decid$4 7,preg] #b1 #hf;f47 ,! mo/ viol5t oppon5t ( ?is plan 0 ,melan*?on4 ,fe>+ t ! ,flaciani/s might get control ( ! prospective g5]al c\ncil1 he1 9 advance1 d5\nc$ & br&$ x z a ,robb] ,synod 7,raeub]synode71 advocat$ by ! ignorant ,flacian rabble4 ,?ree weeks be=e 8 dea?1 ,m>* #bh1 #aefj he wrote3 ,s9ce !y ! ,flacians _c kill me1 ! object ( ^! hypocrites is to expel me4 ,= long ago !y h said t !y w\ld n leave a foot ( gr\nd = me 9 ,g]many4 ,hoc agunt i/i hypocritae1 ut me pellant1 cum sangu9em meum haurire non poss9t2 et quidem oratio i/orum vetus e/1 qua dix]unt1 se mihi non relicturos esse 9 ,g]mania ve/igium p$is4 7,c4 ,r4 #i1 #ajgi47 ,philip ( ,hesse cons5t$ to att5d ! g5]al synod ) ! proviso t ! p[] ( ! ,j5a !ologians be curb$ & also ! ,swiss be admitt$4 7,preg] #b1 #ic47 ,t ! plan ( ! ,flaciani/s fail$ 0 *iefly due to ,elector ,augu/1 :o decl9$ to att5d ! synod4 #bgd4 ,futile ,ef=ts ( ,pr9ces at ,naumburg4 ,9 lieu ( ! ,g5]al ,lu!ran ,c\ncil advocat$ by ! ,flacians1 ,*ri/oph] ( ,wu]ttemb]g1 9 ,m>*1 #aeei1 recomm5d$ z ! be/ means to heal ! brea* a conv5tion ( all ! ,lu!ran pr9ces & e/ates to be held at ,naumburg1 delib]ations to beg9 ,janu>y #bj1 #aefa4 ,! object ( ?is assembly1 he said1 0 nei!r to discuss ! diff]5ces among ! ,lu!rans1 nor to =mulate any condemnations1 b only to r5ew ! subscription to ! ,augsburg ,confession & to consid] h[ ! ,lu!rans might pres5t a unit$ front & a unanim\s confession at ! next diet & at ! prospective papal c\ncil4 ,all f9ally cons5t$ to att5d1 includ+ ,duke ,john ,fr$]ick1 ,elector ,augu/ 7:o1 in/igat$ by ,melan*?on1 fir/ _h decl9$ p>ticipation71 & ! ,crypto-,calv9i/1 ,elector ,fr$]ick ( ! ,palat9ate4 ,expect+ no results favorable to g5u9e ,lu!ranism f ?is assembly1 ! ,j5a !ologians r5ew$ _! reque/ = a g5]al synod & s5t _! ,supplication to ,naumburg ) an additional writ+1 dat$ ,janu>y #bc1 #aefa1 9 :i* !y admoni%$ ! pr9ces n to ent] into an ungodly & unioni/ic agreem5t1 r to elim9ate ! errors ( ,major1 ,osi&]1 etc4 ,b ! pr9ces1 ^: object 0 to settle matt]s )\t ! !ologians1 decl9$ to consid] _! petition1 &1 on ,febru>y #h1 ! la/ day ( ! conv5tion1 return$ ! docum5ts to _! au?ors 9 ,j5a4 ,aft] comp>+ ! v>i\s editions ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ! ,naumburg ,assembly decid$ to subscribe to ! ,confession z deliv]$ #aecj 9 ,augsburg & publi%$ #aeca 9 ,g]man & ,lat9 at ,witt5b]g4 ,b :51 9 ! int]e/ ( ,calv9ism1 :i!r he at t "t already 0 op5ly t5d+1 ,elector ,fr$]ick1 support$ by ,elector ,augu/1 dem&$ t ! edition ( #aedj be recogniz$ z ! correct explanation ( ! orig9al ,augu/ana1 ! majority ( ! pr9ces yield$1 &1 z a result1 ! ,v>iata ( #aedj alone 0 m5tion$ 9 ! ,preface 7,praefatio71 9 :i* ! pr9ces /at$ ! reasons = r5ew+ _! subscription to ! ,augsburg ,confession at ,naumburg4 ,?is ,preface1 prep>$ by ,elector ,fr$]ick & ! ,witt5b]g ,crypto-,calv9i/ ,crac[1 also ass]t$ t hi!rto no doctr9al corruptions or deviations f ! ,augsburg ,confession _h be5 tol]at$ among ! ,lu!rans4 ,x m5tion$ nei!r ! controv]sies )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* nor ! ,smalcald ,articles4 ,evid5tly1 to subscribe to ?is ,preface 0 impossible = g5u9e ,lu!rans4 ,duke ,john ,fr$]ick 0 told by 8 !ologians ,mo]l9 & ,/oessel t1 if he sign$ x1 !y w\ld resign & leave4 ,! duke repli$ t he1 too1 w\ld m\nt 8 horse & dep>t r ?an put 8 signature to a docum5t 9 :i* ! errors introduc$ by ! ,philippi/s1 etc41 7 n reject$4 ,ulri* ( ,meckl5burg took ! same /&4 ,& fail+ 9 8 ef=ts to h ! ,preface *ang$ 9 accordance ) 8 convictions1 ! ,duke ent]$ 8 prote/ & left ,naumburg )\t any fur!r conf]5ce ) ! pr9ces4 ,:5 h]eupon ! latt] s5t mess5g]s to ,weim>1 ,john ,fr$]ick rema9$ firm4 ,z conditions ( 8 subscription ! ,duke dem&$ t 9 ! ,preface ! apo/asy dur+ ! ,int]im be confess$1 ! di/9ctive features ( ! ,lu!ran doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,"l's ,supp] be br\ght out cle>ly1 ! recognition ( ! ,v>iata ( #aedj z a doctr9al norm be elim9at$1 & ! ,smalcald ,articles be recogniz$ ) ! re/ ( ! ,lu!ran symbols4 ,unwill+ to acc$e to ^! dem&s1 ! pr9ces clos$ ! discussions at ,naumburg )\t ! ,duke1--h5ce also )\t hav+ atta9$ _! goal3 peace among ! ,lu!rans4 ,! ,preface conta9+ ! objectionable features 0 sign$ by ! ,electors ( ! ,palat9ate1 ,saxony1 & ,br&5burg1 by ,*ri/oph] ( ,wu]ttemb]g1 ,philip ( ,hesse1 ,c>l ( ,bad51 & q a numb] ( o!r pr9ces & cities4 ,h[ev]1 ,duke ,john ,fr$]ick did n by any means /& alone 9 8 opposition to ! ambigu\s1 unioni/ic ,naumburg docum5t4 ,he 0 support$ by ,ulri* ( ,meckl5burg 7:o also left ,naumburg be=e ! close ( ! conv5tion71 ,erne/ & ,philip ( ,brunswick1 ,albre*t ( ,meckl5burg1 ,adolf ( ,hol/e91 ,francis ( ,saxon-,lau5burg1 ! c\nts ( ,s*w>tzburg1 ,mansfeld1 ,/olb]g1 ,b>by1 & a numb] ( o!r pr9ces & cities1 among ! latt] ,reg5sburg1 ,augsburg1 ,/rassburg1 ,nu]nb]g & ,w9d%eim4 ,besides1 ! loyal ,lu!rans 7 repres5t$ also 9 ! t]ritories ( almo/ all ! pr9ces :o _h sign$ ! ,preface4 ,m>grave ,john ( ,br&5burg emphatically decl>$ 8 dissatisfaction ) ! subscription ( 8 delegate at ,naumburg4 ,be=e long also ,augu/ ( ,saxony1 ,wolfgang ( ! ,palat9ate1 ,*ri/oph] ( ,wu]ttemb]g1 & ,joa*im ( ,br&5burg signifi$ _! will+ness to alt] ! ,preface 9 accordance ) ! views & wi%es ( ,john ,fr$]ick1 especially reg>d+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,inde$1 ! pr9ces decl>$ t f ! beg9n+ !y _h und]/ood ! ,preface 9 ! /rict ,lu!ran s5se4 ,9 ! ,preface ( ! ,book ( ,concord sign$ by ! ,lu!ran pr9ces1 we read3 ,n[1 our conf]5ces & ^? ( our illu/ri\s pr$ecessors1 :i* 7 und]tak5 ) a godly & s9c]e int5tion1 fir/ at ,frank=t-on-!-,ma9 & aft]w>ds at ,naumburg1 & 7 record$ 9 writ+1 n only did n accompli% t end & peaceful settlem5t :i* 0 desir$1 b f !m ev5 a def5se = errors & false doctr9es 0 s\ght by "s1 :ile x _h nev] ent]$ our m9d1 by ?is writ+ ( ours1 ei!r to introduce1 furni% a cov] =1 & e/abli% any false doctr9e1 or 9 ! lea/ ev5 to rec$e f ! ,confession pres5t$ 9 ! ye> #aecj at ,augsburg1 b r1 z _m ( u z p>ticipat$ 9 ! transactions at ,naumburg1 :olly res]v$ x to ourselves1 & promis$ besides t if 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 any?+ w\ld be desir$ ) respect to ! ,augsburg ,confession1 or z (t5 z necessity w\ld seem to dem& x1 we w\ld fur!r decl>e all ?+s ?or\ghly & at l5g?4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #ae47 ,ev5 ,philip ( ,hesse f9ally cons5t$ to ! *anges dem&$ by ,duke ,john ,fr$]ick4 ,elector ,fr$]ick ( ! ,palat9ate1 h[ev]1 :o _h misl$ &1 z x 71 hypnotiz$ ! ,lu!ran pr9ces at ,naumburg1 op5ly embrac$ ! ,re=m$ confession & expell$ all consi/5t ,lu!rans4 ,= ! cause ( ,lu!ranism ! loss ( ! ,palat9ate prov$ a great ga9 int]nally1 & help$ to pave ! way = true unity & ! =mulation & adoption ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,& m ?an any o!r individual x 0 ,flacius :o _h help$ to br+ ab\t ?is result4 7,preg] #b1 #ajb47 #bge4 ,&reae & ,*emnitz4 ,! !ologians :o 7 fir/ 9 adopt+ effective me?ods & measures to satisfy ! g5]al ye>n+ = a real peace 9 ! div9e tru? 7 ,jacob ,&reae & ,m>t9 ,*emnitz4 ,&reae 0 born #aebh 9 ,weibl+51 ,wu]ttemb]g4 ,he /udi$ at ,/uttg>t & ,tueb+54 ,9 #aedf he became pa/or 9 ,/uttg>t1 :]e1 two ye>s lat]1 he 0 depos$ because ( 8 refusal to cons5t to ! ,int]im4 ,9 #aedi he became pa/or & lat] on sup]9t5d5t 9 ,tueb+54 ,s9ce #aefb he 0 also pr(essor & *ancellor ( ! univ]sity4 ,he di$ #aeij4 ,&reae has be5 call$ ! spiritual heir ( ,john ,br5z4 ,hop+ aga9/ hope1 he incessantly labor$ = ! unity & peace ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,be+ a man ( great en]gy & diplomatic skill1 he s]v$ h] at num]\s occasions & 9 v>i\s capacities4 ,9 8 pacification ef=ts he made m ?an #abj j\rneys1 visit+ ne>ly all evangelical c\rts1 cities1 & univ]sities 9 ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,g]many4 ,) ! cons5t ( ! ,duke ( ,wu]ttemb]g1 ,&reae ent]$ ! s]vice ( ,elector ,augu/1 ,april #i1 #aefg1 & liv$ ) 8 family 9 ,saxony till 8 dismissal 9 ,decemb]1 #aehj4 ,"h he 0 engag$ 9 direct+ ! affairs ( ! *ur*es & univ]sities1 & 9 promot+ ! "w ( ,lu!ran pacification & concord at l>ge4 ,dur+ 8 ef=ts to unite ! ,lu!rans he 0 malign$ by ! ,philippi/s1 & sev]ely criticiz$ also by ! /rict ,lu!rans4 ,! latt] 0 l>gely due to ! fact t 9 8 fir/ attempts at pacification he all[$ himself to be dup$ by ! ,witt5b]g ,philippi/s1 be+ ev5 bl9d en\gh to def5d !m aga9/ ! *>ges ( ,calv9ism 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp] made by _! oppon5ts 9 ,j5a & 9 ,l[] ,saxony4 ,:ile ?us ,&reae 0 ! able & en?usia/ic promot] ( ! pacification :i* culm9at$ 9 ! adoption ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 he lack$ ! !ological insight1 acum51 & consi/5cy :i* *>act]iz$ ,m>t9 ,*emnitz4 ,m>t9 ,*emnitz 0 born ,novemb] #i1 #aebb1 at ,treu5britz5 9 ,br&5burg4 ,z a boy he att5d$1 = a brief p]iod1 ! s*ool 9 ,witt5b]g1 :]e he rejoic$ to see ! r5[n$ m5 ( :om he _h he>d s mu* at home1 & to he> ,lu!r prea*4 ,f #aeci to #aedb he att5d$ ! ,gymnasium at ,magdeburg2 f #aedc to #aede he /udi$ 9 ,frank=t-on-!-,od]2 9 #aede he w5t to ,witt5b]g1 :]e ,melan*?on direct$ 8 /udies4 ,9 #aedh he became rector ( ! s*ool 9 ,ko5igsb]g1 & #aeej libr>ian ( ,duke ,albre*t1 ) a good sal>y4 ,ow+ to 8 p>ticipation 9 ! ,osi&rian controv]sy1 ,*emnitz lo/ ! favor ( ,albre*t1 & 9 #aeec he remov$ to ,witt5b]g4 ,on ,june #i1 #aeed1 he began 8 lectures on ,melan*?on's ,loci ,communes be=e a l>ge & en?usia/ic audi5ce1 ,melan*?on himself be+ "o ( 8 he>]s4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #aeed1 he accept$ a position z pa/or1 & 9 #aefg z sup]9t5d5t1 9 ! city ( ,brunswick4 ,he di$ ,april #h1 #aehf4 ,*emnitz 0 ! pr9ce ( ! ,lu!ran div9es ( 8 age &1 next to ,lu!r1 ! greate/ !ologian ( our ,*ur*4 ,ref]r+ to ,lu!r & ,*emnitz1 ! ,romani/s said3 ,y ,lu!rans h two ,m>t9s2 if ! second _h n appe>$1 ! fir/ w\ld h disappe>$ 7si po/]ior non fuisset1 prior non /etisset74 ,besides ! two ,lu!ran classics3 ,exam5 ,concilii ,trid5t9i1 publi%$ #aefe--aegc1 & ,de ,duabus ,naturis 9 ,*ri/o1 #aegj1 ,*emnitz wrote1 among o!r books3 ,h>monia ,evangelica1 cont9u$ & publi%$ #aeic by ,leys] & complet$ by ,john ,g]h>d1 & ,f\ndations 7,die ,fundam5te7 ( ! ,s\nd ,doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,sub/antial ,pres5ce1 ,t5d]+1 & ,eat+ & ,dr9k+ ( ! ,body & ,blood ( ! ,"l 9 ! ,supp]1 #aefi4 ,&reae & ,*emnitz became acqua9t$ ) ea* o!r 9 #aefh1 :5 ,duke ,julius invit$ ! =m] to conduct ! visitation 9 ,brunswick toge!r ) ,*emnitz4 ,!y jo9tly also compos$ ! ,brunswick ,*ur* ,ord] ( #aefi1 :i* 0 prec$$ by ! ,corpus ,doctr9ae ,iulium1 compil$ by ,*emnitz & conta9+ ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ! ,apology1 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 ! ,cate*isms ( ,lu!r1 & a %ort r long1 simple1 & necess>y treatise on ! preval5t corruptions4 ,&reae & ,*emnitz are ! !ologians to :om m ?an any o!r two m5 our ,*ur* owes ! ,=mula ( ,concord & ! unification ( our ,*ur* 9 ! "o true ,*ri/ian fai? z taught by ,lu!r4 ,h[ev]1 x is ,*emnitz :o1 m ?an ,&reae or any o!r !ologian1 mu/ be cr$it$ ) ! !ological cl>ity & ! correctness :i* *>act]izes ! ,=mula4 #bgf4 ,fir/ ,peace ,ef=ts ( ,&reae ,fail4 ,9 8 fir/ attempts to unify ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 ,&reae endeavor$ to reconcile all p>ties1 includ+ ! ,witt5b]g ,philippi/s1 :o !n 7 contemplat+ an agreem5t ) ! ,calv9i/s4 ,9 #aefg1 at ! in/ance ( ,l&grave ,william ( ,hesse-,cassel & ,duke ,*ri/oph] ( ,wu]ttemb]g1 ,&reae compos$ 8 ,confession & ,brief ,explanation ( ,sev]al ,controv]t$ ,articles1 accord+ to :i* a ,*ri/ian unity might be effect$ 9 ! *ur*es adh]+ to ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & ! (f5sive & we>isome diss5sion might be settl$4 ,9 five articles he treat$3 #a4 ,ju/ification1 #b4 ,good ,works1 #c4 ,free ,w1 #d4 ,! ,adiaphora1 #e4 ,! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,! second article ma9ta9s t we are nei!r ju/ifi$ nor sav$ by good works1 s9ce ,*ri/ has e>n$ = u bo? salvation & righte\sness by ,8 innoc5t ob$i5ce1 suff]+1 & dea? alone1 :i* is imput$ z righte\sness to all believ]s solely by fai?4 ,x rejects all ^? :o tea* o!rwise1 b n directly & expressly ! /atem5t3 ,good works are necess>y to salvation4 ,! ?ird article ma9ta9s t1 also aft] ! ,fall1 man is n a block1 b a rational creature hav+ a free1 ?\gh weak1 w 9 ext]nal ?+s2 b t 9 div9e & spiritual matt]s 8 intellect is utt]ly bl9d & 8 w is dead2 & t h5ce1 unless ,god creates a new volition 9 him1 man is unable ( himself1 ( 8 own p[]s1 to accept ! grace ( ,god (f]$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,x rejects all :o tea* o!rwise4 ,! f\r? article /ates t c]emonies are no long] free1 b mu/ be ab&on$1 :5 _! adoption is connect$ ) a d5ial ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 doctr9e1 & confession4 ,x rejects all ^? :o tea* o!rwise4 ,! fif? article emphasizes t also ! wick$ :5 !y p>take ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 receive ! body ( ,*ri/1 b to _! damnation4 ,x fur!rmore decl>es3 ,s9ce x is object$ t ! body & blood _c be pres5t 9 ! ,holy ,supp] because ,*ri/ asc5d$ to heav5 ) ,8 body1 x is necess>y to expla9 ! article ( ! inc>nation ( ! ,son ( ,god1 & to indicate1 9 z simple a way z possible1 ! mann] 9 :i* bo? natures1 div9e & human1 are unit$ 9 ,*ri/1 :]efrom x appe>s to :at height ! human nature 9 ,*ri/ has be5 exalt$ by ! p]sonal union4 7,hutt]1 ,concordia ,concors1 #aaj;ff47 ,9 #aefh1 at ! ,brunswick ,visitation1 ref]r$ to above1 ,&reae submitt$1 8 five articles to ,duke ,julius1 & succe$$ 9 w9n+ him = 8 plan4 ,9 ! same int]e/ he came to ,witt5b]g1 ,janu>y #i1 #aefi4 ,furni%$ ) lett]s ( comm5dation f ,duke ,julius & ,l&grave ,william ( ,hesse1 he obta9$ an int]view also ) ,elector ,augu/1 :o ref]r$ him to 8 !ologians4 ,on ,augu/ #ah1 #aefi1 ,&reae held a conf]5ce ) ! ,witt5b]g]s4 ,!y insi/$ t ! basis ( ! contemplat$ agreem5t mu/ be ! ,corpus ,misnicum 7,philippicum74 ,:5 ,&reae1 unsophi/icat$ z he /ill 0 ) respect to ! real "* ( ,philippism1 publicly decl>$ t ! ,witt5b]g]s 7 or?odox tea*]s1 & t ! ,corpus ,misnicum conta9$ no false doctr9e he 0 suppli$ ) a te/imonial 9 :i* ! ,witt5b]g]s ref] to _! ,corpus1 b n to ,&reae's articles1 to :i* also !y _h n fully cons5t$4 ,! result 0 t ! ,j5a !ologians1 9 p>ticul> ,tilemann ,hes%usius1 d5\nc$ ,&reae's ef=ts z a unioni/ic s*eme & a betrayal ( true ,lu!ranism 9 ! int]e/ ( ,crypto-,calv9ism4 ,!y reject$ ,&reae's articles because !y 7 incomplete1 & conta9$ no specific rejection ( ! errors ( ! ,philippi/s4 ,at ! in/ance ( ,&reae1 ,may #g1 #aegj1 a conf]5ce met at ,z]b/ 9 ,anhalt1 at :i* tw5ty !ologians repres5t$ ,electoral ,saxony1 ,brunswick1 ,hesse1 ,br&5burg1 ,anhalt1 & ,l[] ,saxony 7! ,ducal ,saxon !ologians decl9+ to p>ticipate74 ,! conf]5ce decid$ t a new confession 0 n ne$$1 & unanim\sly recogniz$ ! ,augsburg ,confession1 its ,apology1 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 & ! ,cate*isms ( ,lu!r4 ,&reae 0 elat$4 ,9 8 ,report to ! ,emp]or & ! pr9ces he glori$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian unity atta9$ at ,z]b/4 ,b also ?is app>5t victory = peace & true ,lu!ranism 0 illusory r ?an real1 = ! ,witt5b]g !ologians qualifi$ _! subscription by =mally decl>+ t !y int]pret$ & receiv$ ! confessions enum]at$ only 9 z f> z !y agre$ ) ! ,corpus ,philippicum4 ,& be=e long ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic publications1 ref]r$ to 9 ! *apt] on ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic ,controv]sy1 began to make _! appe>ance4 ,! only result ( ^! fir/ peace ef=ts ( ,&reae1 :i* lack$ 9 s+le-m9d$ devotion to ! tru?1 & did n suffici5tly exclude e =m ( indiff]5tism & unionism1 0 t he himself 0 reg>d$ ) increas+ suspicion by ! oppon5ts ( ! ,philippi/s4 ,z = ,&reae1 h[ev]1 ! deal+s :i* he _h ) ! di%one/ ,witt5b]g]s op5$ 8 eyes & conv9c$ him t x 0 impossible to w9 ,electoral ,saxony = a truly ,lu!ran union z long z ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s 7 firmly seat$ 9 ! saddle4 #bgg4 ,&reae's ,s]mons & ! ,swabian ,concordia4 ,ab&on+ 8 orig9al s*eme1 :i* _h m]ely s]v$ to increase ! animosity among ! ,lu!rans & to discr$it himself1 ,&reae resolv$ h5ce=? to conf9e 8 peace ef=ts to true ,lu!rans1 especially ^? ( ,swabia & ,l[] ,saxony1 & to unite !m 9 opposition to ! ,zw+lians1 ,calv9i/s1 & ,philippi/s1 :o1 outside ( ,electoral ,saxony1 7 by ?is "t g5]ally reg>d$ z traitors to ! cause ( ,lu!ranism4 ,9 #aegc he made 8 fir/ move to c>ry out ?is new plan ( 8 by publi%+ s]mons :i* he _h deliv]$ #aegb on ! doctr9es controv]t$ )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,! title ran3 ,six ,*ri/ian ,s]mons conc]n+ ! diss5sions :i* f ! ye> #aedh to ?is #aegc;d ye> h gradually aris5 among ! !ologians ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 z to :at attitude a pla9 pa/or & a common ,*ri/ian layman :o may h be5 (f5d$ !reby %\ld assume t[>d !m accord+ to 8 ,cate*ism4 ,^! s]mons treat ( ju/ification1 good works1 orig9al s91 free w1 ! adiaphora1 ,law & ,gospel1 & ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,z ! title indicates1 ,&reae appeal$ n s mu* to ! !ologians z to ! pa/ors & ! p ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 conc]n+ :om he 0 conv9c$ t1 adh]+ z !y did1 to ,lu!r's ,cate*ism1 !y 9 reality1 at lea/ 9 _! he>ts1 7 ev5 !n1 & always _h be51 agre$4 ,&reae s5t ^! s]mons to ,*emnitz1 ,*ytraeus1 ,hes%usius1 ,wig&1 & o!r !ologians ) ! reque/ t !y be accept$ z a basis ( agreem5t4 ,9 ! preface1 dat$ ,febru>y #ag1 #aegc1 he d$icat$ !m to ,duke ,julius ( ,brunswick ^: good w & cons5t 9 ! matt] he _h won 9 #aefh1 :5 he assi/$ 9 introduc+ ! ,re=mation 9 8 t]ritories4 ,be=e ?is ,ni*olas ,selnecc]1 !n sup]9t5d5t ( ,wolf5buettel1 9 ord] to cultivate ! fri5dly relations betwe5 ,swabia & ,l[] ,saxony1 _h d$icat$ 8 ,in/ruction 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,religion 7,in/itutio ,religionis ,*ri/ianae7 to ! ,duke ( ,wu]ttemb]g1 prais+ ! writ+s ( ,br5z1 & laud+ ! s]vices r5d]$ by ,&reae to ! du*y ( ,brunswick4 ,! s]mons ( ,&reae 7 welcom$ by ,*emnitz1 ,we/phal 9 ,hamburg1 ,david ,*ytraeus 9 ,ro/ock1 & o!rs4 ,!y also endeavor$ to obta9 recognition = !m f v>i\s ecclesia/ical m9i/ries ( ,l[] ,saxony4 ,b hav+ conv9c$ !mselves t ! s]monic =m 0 n adapt$ = a confession1 !y1 l$ by ,*emnitz1 advis$ t _! cont5ts be r$uc$ to articles 9 !sis & anti!sis1 & t ?is be done ) ! assi/ance ( o!r !ologians4 ,&reae imm$iately act$ on ?is sugge/ion & ! result 0 :at is kn[n z ! ,swabian ,concordia 7,s*waebis*e ,konkordie7--! fir/ draft ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,?is docum5t1 also call$ ! ,tueb+5 ,book1 0 submitt$ to1 & approv$ by1 ! !ologians ( ,tueb+5 & by ! ,/uttg>t ,consi/ory4 ,9 sub/ance x 0 an elaboration ( ! ,six ,s]mons ) ! addition ( ! la/ two articles4 ,x conta9s elev5 articles1 treat+ #a4 ,orig9al ,s92 #b4 ,free ,w2 #c4 ,! ,righte\sness ( ,fai? be=e ,god2 #d4 ,good ,works2 #e4 ,law & ,gospel2 #f4 ,! ,?ird ,use ( ! ,law2 #g4 ,! ,*ur* ,usages ,call$ ,adiaphora2 #h4 ,! ,"l's ,supp]2 #i4 ,! ,p]son ( ,*ri/3 #aj4 ,et]nal ,election2 #aa4 ,o!r ,factions & ,sects4 ,9 ! introduction ,&reae also emphasizes ! necessity ( adopt+ ^? symbols :i* 7 aft]w>ds receiv$ into ! ,book ( ,concord4 #bgh4 ,! ,swabian-,saxon ,concordia4 ,on ,m>* #bb1 #aegd1 ,&reae s5t ! ,swabian ,concordia to ,duke ,julius & ,*emnitz ) ! reque/ to exam9e x & to h x discuss$ 9 ! *ur*es ( ,l[] ,saxony4 ,on ! twelf? ( ,may ! ,duke ord]$ ,*emnitz to prep>e an op9ion on ! book & to pres5t x to ! cl]gy = _! exam9ation & approval4 ,"u ! lead]%ip ( ,*emnitz num]\s conf]5ces 7 held1 & ! v>i\s criticisms (f]$ l$ to a revision ( ! docum5t4 ,?is "w 0 begun 9 ,april1 #aege1 by ! !ological faculty ( ,ro/ock4 ,ap>t f num]\s *anges & additions ev]y:]e1 ! articles on ,free ,w & on ! ,"l's ,supp] 7 completely remodel$ by ,*ytraeus & ,*emnitz4 ,! new confession1 kn[n z ! ,swabian ,l[] ,saxon ,concordia1 0 subscrib$ by ! !ologians & pa/ors ( ! du*ies ( ,brunswick1 ,meckl5burg1 ,mansfeld1 ,hoya1 & ,old5burg4 ,x ackn[l$ges z its doctr9al basis ! ,holy ,scriptures1 ! ?ree ,ecum5ical ,cre$s1 ! ,augsburg ,confession1 its ,apology1 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 & ,lu!r's two ,cate*isms4 ,x discusses ! foll[+ articles 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 #a4 ,( ,orig9al ,s92 #b4 ,( ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/2 #c4 ,( ! ,righte\sness ( ,fai? be=e ,god2 #d4 ,( ,good ,works1 #e4 ,( ! ,law & ! ,gospel2 #f4 ,( ! ,?ird ,use ( ! ,law ( ,god2 #g4 ,( ! ,holy ,supp]2 #h4 ,( ,god's ,et]nal ,provid5ce & ,election2 #i4 ,( ,*ur* ,usages :i* are ,call$ ,adiaphora or ,?+s ,indiff]5t2 #aj4 ,( ,free ,w or ,human ,p[]s2 #aa4 ,( ,o!r ,factions & ,sects :i* h ,nev] ,ackn[l$g$ ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,:ile ?is new ,concordia 0 adopt$ 9 ,l[] ,saxony1 ! ,swabians1 to :om x 0 =w>d$1 ,septemb] #e1 #aege1 7 n q satisfi$ ) its =m1 b did n object to its doctr9al cont5ts4 ,!y criticiz$ ! unev5ness ( its /yle1 its frequ5t use ( ,lat9 te*nical t]ms1 its quotations 7n[ approv$1 n[ reject$7 f ,melan*?on1 etc4 ,p>ticul>ly reg>d+ ! la/ m5tion$ po9t !y fe>$ t ! ref]5ces to ,melan*?on might lead to new diss5sions2 h5ce !y pref]r$ t citations be tak5 f ,lu!r's writ+s only1 :i* 0 done 9 ! ,=mula ( ,concord z f9ally adopt$4 #bgi4 ,! ,maulbronn ,=mula4 ,! movem5t = a g5]al unity )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* receiv$ a p[]ful impetus by ! sudd5 & ignom9i\s collapse ( ,crypto-,calv9ism 9 ,electoral ,saxony1 #aegd4 ,by unmask+ ! ,philippi/s1 ,god _h remov$ ! *ief ob/acle ( a godly & g5]al peace among ! ,lu!rans4 ,n[ ! cl\ds ( diss5sion began to disappe> rapidly4 ,z long z ! eyes ( ,elector ,augu/ 7 clos$ to ! di%one/y ( 8 !ologians1 !re 0 no hope = a peace embrac+ ! entire ,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 ,g]many4 ,ev5 be=e ! public exposure ( ! ,philippi/s1 ,augu/ _h be5 told z mu* by ,c\nt ,h5neb]g & o!r pr9ces1 viz41 t ! ,witt5b]g !ologians 7 univ]sally suspect$1 & t peace c\ld n be e/abli%$ until _! ,calv9i/ic errors _h be5 condemn$4 ,= 9 ! doctr9es ( ! ,"l's ,supp] & ( ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 z has be5 %[n 9 ! *apt] on ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic ,controv]sy1 ! ,philippi/s ( ,electoral ,saxony & ( o!r sections ( ,g]many 7 ,calv9i/s r ?an ,lu!rans4 ,x 0 ! appe>ance ( ! ,calv9i/ic ,exegesis ,p]spicua ( #aegd :i* left no d\bt 9 ! m9d ( ! ,elector t = ye>s he _h be5 surr\nd$ by a clique ( di%one/ !ologians & unscrupul\s s*em]s1 :o1 ?\gh claim+ to be ,lu!rans1 7 secret adh]5ts ( ,calv9ism4 ,& aft] ! ,elector1 z ,*emnitz rem>ks1 _h discov]$ ! deception ( 8 !ologians 9 ! article on ! ,"l's ,supp]1 he began to d\bt _! entire cont5tion4 7,ri*>d1 #dbf47 ,among ,lu!rans g5]ally ! humiliat+ ev5ts 9 ,saxony increas$ ! feel+ ( %ame at ! conditions prevail+ )9 _! ,*ur* z well z ! e>ne/ desire = a g5u9e & la/+ peace 9 ! old ,lu!ran tru?s4 ,& n[ ,elector ,augu/1 :o1 despite 8 cont9u$ animosity aga9/ ,flacius1 always wi%$ to be a true ,lu!ran1 b up to #aegd _h n realiz$ t ! ,philippi/ic type ( doctr9e dom9ant 9 8 c\ntry dep>t$ f ,lu!r's tea*+1 0 det]m9$ to satisfy ?is univ]sal long+ = unity & peace4 ,imm$iately aft] ! unmask+ ( ! ,philippi/s he took measures to secure ! re/oration ( or?odox ,lu!ranism 9 8 own l&s4 ,at ! same "t he plac$ himself at ! head ( ! l>g] movem5t = ! e/abli%m5t ( religi\s peace among ! ,lu!rans g5]ally by ! elaboration & adoption ( a doctr9al =mula settl+ ! p5d+ controv]sies4 ,to re/ore unity & peace to ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 :i* 8 own !ologians _h done s mu* to di/urb1 0 n[ 8 upp]mo/ desire4 ,he prosecut$ ! plan ( pacification ) great zeal & p]sev]ance4 ,he also paid ! heavy exp5ses 7#hj1jjj guld571 incurr$ by ! num]\s conv5tions1 etc4 ,& :51 9 ! int]e/ ( su* peace & unity1 ! !ologians 7 engag$ 9 conf]5ces ! pi\s ,elector & 8 wife 7 on _! knees1 ask+ ,god t ,he w\ld cr[n _! labor ) success4 ,! specific plan ( ! ,elector 0 z appe>s f 8 rescript ( ,novemb] #ba1 #aege1 to 8 c\nselors1 t pacific !ologians1 appo9t$ by ! v>i\s ,lu!ran pr9ces meet 9 ord] to delib]ate h[1 by ! grace ( ,god1 all ! exi/+ v>i\s corpora doctr9ae might be r$uc$ to "o corpus :i* we all c\ld adopt1 & t ?is book or corpus doctr9ae be pr9t$ anew & ! m9i/]s 9 ! l&s ( ea* rul] be requir$ to be guid$ !reby4 ,be=e ?is ,elector ,augu/ _h reque/$ ,c\nt ,george ,erne/ ( ,h5neb]g to take ! initiative 9 ! matt]4 ,accord+ly1 9 ,novemb]1 #aege ,h5neb]g1 ,duke ,ludwig ( ,wu]ttemb]g & ,m>grave ,c>l ( ,bad5 agre$ to ask a numb] ( !ologians to give _! op9ion conc]n+ ! "q z to h[ a docum5t might be prep>$ :i* w\ld s]ve z a beg9n+ to br+ ab\t true ,*ri/ian concord among ! *ur*es ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,! !ologians appo9t$ 7 ! ,wu]ttemb]g c\rt-prea*] ,lucas ,osi&] 7born #aecd2 di$ #afjd71 ! ,/uttg>t provo/ ,bal?as> ,bidemba* 7born #aecc2 di$ #aegh7 & sev]al !ologians ( ,h5neb]g & ,bad54 ,_! op9ion1 deliv]$ ,novemb] #ad1 #aege1 0 approv$ by ! pr9ces1 & ,osi&] & ,bidemba* 7 ord]$ to prep>e a =mula ( agreem5t 9 accordance ) x4 ,! docum5t :i* !y submitt$ 0 discuss$ ) !ologians f ,h5neb]g & ,bad5 at ,cloi/] ,maulbronn1 ,wu]ttemb]g & subscrib$ ,janu>y #ai1 #aegf4 ,! ,maulbronn ,=mula1 z ! docum5t 0 call$1 diff]s f ! ,swabian-,saxon ,concordia 9 be+ mu* brief] 7ab\t half z volum9\s71 9 avoid+ te*nical ,lat9 t]ms1 9 mak+ no ref]5ce :atev] to ,melan*?on1 9 quot+ f ,lu!r's works only1 & 9 omitt+ su* doctr9al po9ts 7,anabaptism1 ,s*w5ckfeldianism1 ,antitr9it>ianism1 etc47 z _h n be5 controv]t$ among ! ,lu!rans4 ,foll[+ ! ord] ( ! ,augu/ana1 ?is ,=mula treats ! foll[+ articles4 #a4 ,( ,orig9al ,s92 #b4 ,( ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/2 #c4 ,( ,ju/ification ( ,fai? #d4 ,( ! ,law & ,gospel2 #e4 ,( ,good ,works2 #f4 ,( ! ,holy ,supp] ( ,our ,"l ,*ri/2 #g4 ,( ,*ur* ,usages1 ,call$ ,adiaphora or ,?+s ,indiff]5t2 #h4 ,( ,free ,w2 #i4 ,( ! ,?ird ,use ( ,god's ,law4 #bhj4 ,! ,torgau ,book4 ,on ,febru>y #i1 #aegf1 ! ,maulbronn ,=mula1 approv$ by ,c\nt ,ludwig ( ,wu]ttemb]g1 ,m>grave ,c>l ( ,bad51 & ,c\nt ,george ,erne/ ( ,h5neb]g1 0 transmitt$ to ,elector ,augu/1 :o _h already receiv$ a copy ( ! ,swabian-,saxon ,concordia f ,duke ,julius ( ,brunswick4 ,! ,elector submitt$ bo? to ,&reae = an op9ion1 :om =mal reasons induc$ to decide 9 favor ( ! ,maulbronn ,=mula4 ,at ! same "t ,&reae advis$ ! ,elector to arrange a g5]al conf]5ce ( prom95t !ologians to act & decide 9 ?is matt]1 sugge/+ z two ( its memb]s ,*emnitz & ,*ytraeus ( ,ro/ock4 ,?is be+ 9 agreem5t ) 8 own plans1 ! ,elector1 at ! conv5tion at ,li*t5b]g1 ,febru>y #ae1 #aegf submitt$ ! sugge/ions ( ,&reae to twelve ( 8 own !ologians1 head$ by ,ni*olas ,selnecc]1 !n pr(essor 9 ,leipzig4 ,selnecc] 0 born ,decemb] #f1 #aecj4 ,9 #aeej he took up 8 /udies 9 ,witt5b]g1 :]e he 0 mu* impress$ & influ5c$ by ,melan*?on4 ,9 #aeeg he 0 appo9t$ c\rt-prea*] 9 ,dresd54 ,beg9n+ ) #aefe aft] ! bani%m5t ( ,flacius & 8 colleagues1 he 0 pr(essor 9 ,j5a4 ,he return$ to ,leipzig 9 #aefh4 ,9 #aegj he accept$ a call f ,duke ,julius z c\rt-prea*] & sup]9t5d5t 9 ,brunswick1 b return$ to ,leipzig 9 #aegd4 ,be=e ! unmask+ ( ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s 8 !ological attitude lack$ cle>ness & det]m9ation4 ,ev] aft]1 h[ev]1 he 0 ! lead] ( ! ,lu!ran =ces 9 ,electoral ,saxony4 ,at ! ,li*t5b]g ,conv5tion1 convok$ ,febru>y #af1 #aegf1 by ,elector ,augu/1 ,selnecc] successfully advocat$ ! removal ( ! ,witt5b]g ,cate*ism1 ! ,cons5sus ,dresd5sis1 & ! ,corpus ,philippicum4 ,9 _! place he recomm5d$ ! adoption ( a new corpus doctr9ae conta9+ ! ?ree ,ecum5ical ,cre$s1 ! ,unalt]$ ,augsburg ,confession1 ! ,apology1 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 ! ,cate*isms ( ,lu!r1 &1 if desir$1 ,lu!r's ,comm5t>y on ,galatians4 ,f9ally he advis$ t ! electors & pr9ces arrange a conv5tion ( su* repres5tative !ologians z1 e4g41 ,*ytraeus1 ,*emnitz1 ,&reae1 & ,m>ba*1 to discuss ! doctr9al diff]5ces4 ,selnecc]'s recomm5dations 7 adopt$ by ! conv5tion & transmitt$ to ,elector ,augu/4 ,?\gh contribut+ little to ! cont5ts ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 ,selnecc] he>tily coop]at$ 9 its prep>ation1 revision1 & adoption4 ,9 #aehj1 ( 8 own accord1 he publi%$ ! ,lat9 ,book ( ,concord1 :i* 0 foll[$ 9 #aehd by an edition au?oriz$ by ! pr9ces4 ,selnecc] also p>ticipat$ 9 prep>+ ! ,apology ( ! ,book ( ,concord1 fir/ publi%$ #aehb 9 ,magdeburg4 ,9 ,may1 #aehi1 aft] ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic reaction "u ,*ri/ian ,i1 ,selnecc]1 :om ! ,calv9i/s hat$ m ?an o!rs ( ! !ologians :o _h p>ticipat$ 9 ! promulgation ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 0 depos$1 h>ass$1 & r$uc$ to pov]ty because ( 8 te/imony aga9/ ,*ancellor ,crell & 8 e>ne/ & cont9u$ w>n+s aga9/ ! ,calv9i/s4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,*ri/ian ,i1 ,selnecc] 0 recall$ to ,leipzig1 :]e he arriv$ ,may #ai1 #aeib1 five days be=e 8 dea?1 ,may #bd1 #aeib4 ,hav+ ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,selnecc]1 at ,li*t5b]g1 obta9$ ! cons5t ( 8 cl]gy to 8 plans ( unification1 &1 also 9 accordance ) _! desire1 call$ ,&reae to ,saxony1 ,elector ,augu/ imm$iately made arrangem5ts = ! contemplat$ g5]al conv5tion ( !ologians4 ,x 0 held at ,torgau1 f ,may #bh to ,june #g1 #aegf1 & att5d$ by ,selnecc]1 ! ,saxon m9i/]s :o _h p>ticipat$ 9 ! ,li*t5b]g conv5tion1 ,&reae1 ,*emnitz1 ,&rew ,musculus ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,br&5burg1 ,*ri/oph] ,corn]us pr(essor 9 ,frankfurt-on-!-,od]2 born #aeah2 di$ #aedi1 & ,david ,*ytraeus born ,febru>y #bf1 #aecj1 9 ,wu]ttemb]g2 aw>d$ degree ( magi/] 9 ,tueb+5 :5 only f\rte5 ye>s old2 began 8 /udies #aedd 9 ,witt5b]g1 :]e he also he>d ,lu!r2 0 pr(essor 9 ,ro/ock f #aeea till 8 dea?1 ,june #be1 #afjj4 ,! result ( ! ,torgau delib]ations1 9 :i* mu* "t 0 sp5t on ! articles ( ,orig9al ,s9 & ,free ,w1 0 ! s-call$ ,torgau ,book4 ,on ! sev5? ( ,june ! !ologians in=m$ ! ,elector t1 on ! basis ( ! ,swabian-,saxon & ! ,maulbronn docum5ts1 !y1 z desir$ by him1 _h agre$ on a corpus doctr9ae4 ,! ,torgau ,book 0 ess5tially ! ,swabian-,saxon ,concordia1 reca/ & revis$1 z urg$ by ,&reae1 ) special ref]5ce to ! desirable features 7enum]at$ above7 ( ! ,maulbronn ,=mula4 ,! majority decid$1 says ,*emnitz1 t ! ,saxon ,concordia %\ld be reta9$1 b 9 su* a mann] z to incorporate also ! quotations f ,lu!r1 & :atev] else might be reg>d$ z useful 9 ! ,maulbronn ,=mula4 ,! ,torgau ,book conta9$ ! twelve articles ( ! lat] ,=mula ( ,concord & 9 ! same sequ5ce2 ,article ,,ix1 ,( ! ,desc5t ( ,*ri/ into ,hell1 _h be5 add$ at ,torgau4 ,! ,book 0 entitl$3 ,op9ion z to h[ ! diss5sions prevail+ among ! !ologians ( ! ,augsburg ,confession may1 accord+ to ! ,^w ( ,god1 be agre$ ^u & settl$ 9 a ,*ri/ian mann]4 ,x 0 sign$ z _! fai?1 doctr9e1 & confession by ! six m5 :o 7 *iefly responsible = its =m & cont5ts3 ,jacob ,&reae1 ,m>t9 ,*emnitz1 ,ni*olas ,selnecc]1 ,david ,*ytraeus1 ,&rew ,musculus1 & ,*ri/oph] ,corn]us4 ,! conv5tion 0 clos$ ) a s]vice ( ?anksgiv+ to ,almighty ,god = ! bless$ results ( _! labors & ! happy t]m9ation & favorable issue ( _! discussions1 ,selnecc] deliv]+ ! s]mon4 ,simil> s]vices 7 held at o!r places1 notably 9 ,meckl5burg & ,l[] ,saxony4 ,9 a lett] to ,hes%usius1 ,*emnitz says conc]n+ ! ,torgau ,conv5tion3 ,ev]y?+ 9 ?is entire transaction occurr$ aside f1 beyond1 above1 & contr>y to ! hope1 expectation1 & ?\ght ( all4 ,i 0 utt]ly a/\nd$1 & c\ld sc>cely believe t ^! ?+s 7 done :5 !y 7 done4 ,x seem$ l a dream to me4 c]ta9ly a good happy & desir$ beg9n+ has be5 made t[>d ! re/oration ( purity ( doctr9e1 t[>d ! elim9ation ( corruptions1 t[>d ! e/abli%m5t ( a godly confession4 ,9 a lett] ( ,july #bd1 #aegf1 to ,hes%usius & ,wig&1 ,&reae wrote 9 a simil> ve91 say+3 ,(t5 7 !y ,*emnitz & ,*ytraeus almo/ ov]:elm$ ) rejoic+ & wond] t we 7 !re at ,torgau br\ght to su* delib]ation4 ,truly1 ?is is ! *ange ( ! "r h& ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 :i* ought also to rem9d u t s9ce ! tru? no long] suff]s1 we %\ld d ev]y?+ t may contribute to ! re/oration ( good feel+4 7,ri*>d1 #dbh4 #dcj47 #bha4 ,! ,b]gic ,book or ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,9 accordance ) ! recomm5dation ( ! ,torgau conv5tion ! ,elector ( ,saxony exam9$ ! ,torgau ,book himself & _h copies ( x s5t to ! v>i\s ,lu!ran pr9ces & e/ates 9 ,g]many ) ! reque/ to h x te/$ by _! !ologians1 & to return _! op9ions & c5sures to ,dresd54 ,( ^! 7ab\t #be7 ! majority 7 favorable4 ,! *ur*es 9 ,pom]ania & ,hol/e9 desir$ t ,melan*?on's au?ority be recogniz$ alongside ( ,lu!r's4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,hes%usius & ,wig& dem&$ t ,flacius1 ,osi&]1 ,major1 ,melan*?on1 & o!r orig9ators & patrons ( corruptions be ref]r$ to by "n & condemn$ z errori/s4 ,q a numb] ( !ologians object$ to ! ,torgau ,book because x 0 too bulky4 ,to meet ?is objection ! ,epitome1 a summ>y ( ! cont5ts ( ! ,torgau ,book1 0 prep>$ by ,&reae ) ! cons5t ( ! ,elector4 ,orig9ally its title read3 ,brief ,summ>y ( ! articles :i*1 controv]t$ among ! !ologians ( ! ,augsburg ,confession = _m ye>s1 7 settl$ 9 a ,*ri/ian mann] at ,torgau 9 ! mon? ( ,june1 #aegf1 by ! !ologians :i* !re met & subscrib$4 ,aft] mo/ ( ! c5sures _h arriv$1 ! triumvirate ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord 7z ,*ytraeus call$ !m #aeha71 ,&reae1 ,selnecc]1 & ,*emnitz1 by ord] ( ! ,elector met on ,m>* #a1 #aegg1 at ,cloi/] ,b]g51 ne> ,magdeburg1 = ! consid]ation ( ! criticisms & f9al edit+ ( ! new confession4 ,!y f9i%$ _! "w on ,m>* #ad4 ,lat] :5 o!r criticisms arriv$ & a fur!r revision took place 7also at ,b]g51 9 ,may #aegg71 ,musculus1 ,corn]us1 & ,*ytraeus 7 add$ to _! numb]4 ,?\gh num]\s *anges1 additions1 & omissions 7 made at ,b]g51 & 9 ,article ,,ix ! pres5t =m 0 sub/itut$ = ! s]mon ( ,lu!r1 ! doctr9al sub/ance ( ! ,torgau ,book rema9$ un*ang$4 ,! *ief object ( ! revis]s 0 to elim9ate misund]/&+s & to replace ambigu\s & d>k t]ms ) cle> ones4 ,at ! la/ meet+ ( ! six revis]s 7at ,b]g51 9 ,may7 ! ,solid ,decl>ation 0 quickly & f9ally agre$ ^u1 only a few *anges ( a purely v]bal & =mal nature be+ made4 ,on ,may #bh1 #aegg1 ! revis$ =m ( ! ,torgau ,book 0 submitt$ to ,elector ,augu/4 ,x is kn[n z ! ,b]gic ,book1 or ! ,solid ,decl>ation1 or ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 also z ! ,book ( ,concord 7a title :i* 0 aft]w>ds res]v$ = ! collection ( all ! ,lu!ran symbols74 ,( c\rse1 ! ,epitome1 prep>$ by ,&reae1 0 also exam9$ & approv$ by ! revis]s at ,cloi/] ,b]g54 ,9 ord] to remove a numb] ( misund]/&+s appe>+ aft] ! completion ( ! ,b]gic ,book1 a ,preface 7,introduction to ! ,book ( ,concord7 0 prep>$ by ! !ologians & sign$ by ! pr9ces4 ,! ,catalog ( ,te/imonies1 add$ fir/ ) ! caption ,app5dix & lat] )\t ! same1 or omitt$ entirely1 is a private "w ( ,&reae & ,*emnitz1 & n a "p ( ! confession4 ,its special purpose is to prove t ! ,lu!ran doctr9e conc]n+ ! p]son ( ,*ri/ & ! maje/y ( ,8 human nature z set =? 9 ,article ,,vii ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 is cle>ly taught by ! ,scriptures z well z by ! ,fa!rs ( ! anci5t ,*ur*4 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord 7,g]man7 0 fir/ publi%$ at ,dresd51 #aehj1 z a "p ( ! ,book ( ,concord4 ,! fir/ au!ntic ,lat9 edition appe>$ 9 ,leipzig1 #aehd4 7,comp>e *apt] on ,! ,book ( ,concord47 #bhb4 ,subscription to ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,orig9ally ,elector ,augu/ plann$ to submit ! ,b]gic ,book to a g5]al conv5tion ( ! evangelical e/ates = approval4 ,b fe>+ t ?is might lead to new discussions & diss5sions1 ! six !ologians1 9 _! report 7,may #bh1 #aegg7 on ! f9al revision ( ! ,b]gic ,book1 submitt$ & recomm5d$ a plan ( imm$iate subscription in/ead ( an adoption at a g5]al conv5tion4 ,cons5t+ to _! views1 ! ,electors ( ,saxony & ,br&5burg =?) s5t copies ( ! ,b]gic ,book to su* pr9ces & e/ates z 7 expect$ to cons5t4 ,^! 7 reque/$ to multiply ! copies1 & ev]y:]e to circulate & submit !m = discussion & subscription4 ,z a result ! ,=mula ( ,concord 0 sign$ by ! electors ( ,saxony1 ( ,br&5burg1 & ( ! ,palat9ate2 fur!rmore by #bj dukes & pr9ces1 #bd c\nts1 #d b>ons1 #ce imp]ial cities1 & ab\t #h1jjj pa/ors & tea*]s embrac+ ab\t two-?irds ( ! ,lu!ran t]ritories ( ,g]many4 ,! fir/ signatures 7 ^? ( ,&reae1 ,selnecc]1 ,musculus1 ,corn]us1 ,*ytraeus1 & ,*emnitz1 :o on ,may #bi1 #aegg1 sign$ bo? ! ,epitome & ! ,?or\gh ,decl>ation ! latt] ) ! foll[+ solemn prote/ation3 ,s9ce n[1 9 ! sight ( ,god & ( all ,*ri/5dom1 we wi% to te/ify to ^? n[ liv+ & ^? :o %all come aft] u t ?is decl>ation h]e) pres5t$ conc]n+ all ! controv]t$ articles a=em5tion$ & expla9$1 & no o!r1 is our fai?1 doctr9e1 & confession1 9 :i* we are also will+1 by ,god's grace1 to appe> ) intrepid he>ts be=e ! judgm5t-seat ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & give an acc\nt ( x & t we w nei!r privately nor publicly speak or write any?+ contr>y to x b1 by ! help ( ,god's grace1 int5d to abide !reby3 !re=e1 aft] mature delib]ation we h1 9 ,god's fe> & ) ! invocation ( ,8 "n1 atta*$ our signatures ) our own h&s4 7#aajc1 #dj ,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #aajc1 #dj2 #hdb1 #ca47 ,kolde rem>ks3 ,:]ev] ! civil au?orities 7 9 favor ( ! ,b]gic ,book1 ! pa/ors & tea*]s also 7 won = its subscription4 ,t ! wi% ( ! rul] contribut$ to ?is result _c be d5i$ & is confirm$ by ! ,crypto-,calv9i/ic tr\bles reappe>+ lat] on 9 ,saxony4 ,b t ! influ5ce ( ! rul]s mu/ n be ov]e/imat$1 appe>s1 ap>t f o!r ?+s f ! frequ5t additions to ! signatures ',) m\? & he>t 7cum ore et corde74' ,self-evid5tly ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s z well z o!r errori/s _h to face ! alt]native ( ei!r subscrib+ or be+ susp5d$ f ! m9i/ry4 ,! v object ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord 0 to purge ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* f ,calv9i/s & o!rs :o 7 n 9 sympa?y & agreem5t ) ! ,lu!ran ,confessions & con/itut$ a =eign & di/urb+ elem5t 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,z to ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,=mula 0 submitt$ = subscription1 x 0 c]ta9ly n indiff]5ti/ic1 b mo/ solemn & s]i\s1 & p]haps1 9 "s in/ances1 ev5 sev]e4 ,co]cion1 h[ev]1 0 n[h]e employ$ = obta9+ ! signatures4 ,at any rate1 no in/ance is record$ 9 :i* compulsion 0 us$ to secure its adoption4 ,moreov]1 ! campaign ( public subscription1 = :i* ab\t two ye>s 7 all[$1 0 ev]y:]e conduct$ on ! pr9ciple t su* only 7 to be admitt$ to subscription z _h read ! ,=mula & 7 9 complete agreem5t ) its doctr9al cont5ts4 ,yet x 0 probably true t "s1 z ,hutt] assumes1 sign$ ) a bad consci5ce ,hutt]3 ,de9de e/o3 subscrips]unt aliqui mala consci5tia ,=mulae ,concordiae2 ,muell]1 ,e9leitung1 #aae2 = among ^? :o affix$ _! names are q a few ( =m] ,crypto-,calv9i/s--m5 :o _h always f\nd a way ( escap+ m>tyrdom1 &1 also 9 ?is in/ance1 may h pref]r$ ! reta9+ ( _! liv+s to foll[+ _! conviction4 ,! fact is t no o!r confession c be m5tion$ 9 ! elaboration ( :i* s mu* "t1 labor1 & c>e 0 exp5d$ to br+ out cle>ly ! div9e tru?1 to conv9ce e "o ( its complete h>mony ) ! ,bible & ! ,lu!ran symbols1 & to he> & meet all objections1 z 0 ! case ) respect to ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,9 reply to ! criticism ( ! ,calv9i/s 9 ! ,neu/adt ,admonition1 etc4 t x 0 unju/ = only six !ologians to write a ,confession = ! :ole ,*ur*1 & t a ,g5]al ,synod %\ld h be5 held be=e ! sign+ ( ! ,confession1 ! ,conv5tion ( ,qu$l9burg1 9 #aehc1 decl>$ x untrue t ! ,=mula ( ,concord _h be5 compos$ by only six !ologians1 & rem9d$ ! critics h[1 on ! contr>y1 ! articles _h fir/ be5 s5t1 a numb] ( times1 to all ! ,lu!ran *ur*es 9 ,g]many2 h[1 9 ord] to consid] !m1 synods & conf]5ces _h be5 held on e side1 & ! articles _h be5 ?or\ghly te/$1 h[ criticisms _h be5 made ^u !m2 & h[ ! criticisms _h be5 consci5ti\sly tak5 9 h& by a special commission4 ,! ,qu$l9burg ,conv5tion !re=e decl>$ 9 its m9utes t1 inde$1 'su* a frequ5t revision & te/+ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,book ( ,concord1 _m times repeat$1 is a mu* great] "w ?an if a ,g5]al ,synod _h be5 assembl$ respect+ x to :i* e prov9ce w\ld h commission$ two or ?ree !ologians1 :o 9 ! "n ( all ! re/ w\ld h help$ to te/ & approve ! book4 ,= 9 t way only "o synod w\ld h be5 held = ! comp>+ & te/+ ( ?is "w1 b1 z x 01 _m synods 7 held2 & x 0 s5t to _m prov9ces1 :i* _h x te/$ by ! weighty & mature judgm5t ( _! !ologians1 9 su* mann] z has nev] occurr$ 9 ! case ( any book or any matt] ( religion s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ,*ri/ianity1 z is evid5t f ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1'444 ,we are solemnly told by ,&reae1 ,selnecc]1 etc4 t no "o 0 =c$ by ?reats to sign ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 & t no "o 0 tempt$ to d s by promises4 ,we "k t no "o 0 tak5 sudd5ly by surprise4 ,e "o 0 giv5 "t to ?9k4 ,z ! "w ( composition ext5d$ ?r\gh ye>s1 s sev]al ye>s 7 giv5 = ! "w ( sign+4 ,we v mu* d\bt :e!r ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* to-day c\ld secure any democratic subscription s clean1 s consci5ti\s1 s unit$1 or s l>ge z t :i* 0 giv5 to ! ,book ( ,concord4 7,s*mauk1 #ffc;f47 #bhc4 ,subscription 9 ,electoral ,saxony1 ,br&5burg1 etc4 ,9 ,electoral ,saxony1 :]e ,crypto-,calv9ism _h reign$ supreme = _m ye>s1 prevail+ conditions naturally call$ = a /rict proc$ure4 ,= ,calv9i/s c\ld c]ta9ly n be tol]at$ z prea*]s 9 ,lu!ran *ur*es or z tea*]s 9 ,lu!ran s*ools4 ,su* 0 also ! settl$ conviction & det]m9ation ( ,elector ,augu/4 ,:5 he le>n$ t ! ,witt5b]g pr(essors 7 try+ to evade an unqualifi$ subscription1 he decl>$3 ,by ! help ( ,god ,i am det]m9$1 z long z ,i live to keep my *ur*es & s*ools pure & 9 agreem5t ) ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,:oev] does n want to coop]ate ) me may g1 ,i h no desire = him4 ,god protect me1 & ^? belong+ to me1 f ,papi/s & ,calv9i/s--,i h exp]i5c$ x4 7,ri*>d1 #ebi47 ,! ,elector dem&$ t e pa/or affix 8 own signature to ! ,=mula4 ,accord+ly1 9 e place1 beg9n+ ) ,witt5b]g1 ! commission]s address$ ! m9i/]s & s*ooltea*]s1 :o _h be5 summon$ f ! small] t[ns & villages1 read ! ,=mula to !m1 exhort$ !m to exam9e x & to express _! d\bts or scruples1 if !y _h any1 & f9ally dem&$ subscription ( all ^? :o c\ld n br+ any *>ge ( false doctr9e aga9/ x4 ,accord+ to ,planck only "o pa/or1 "o sup]9t5d5t 7,kolditz1 :o lat] on subscrib$71 & "o s*ooltea*] refus$ to subscribe4 7#f1 #efj47 ,sev]al pr(essors 9 ,leipzig & ,witt5b]g :o decl9$ to ackn[l$ge ! ,=mula 7 dismiss$4 ,h[ev]1 z /at$1 also 9 ,electoral ,saxony co]cion 0 n employ$4 ,moreov]1 objections 7 li/5$ to ) pati5ce1 & "t 0 all[$ = consid]ation4 ,inde$1 9 ! "n ( ! ,elector e "o 0 admoni%$ n to subscribe aga9/ 8 consci5ce4 ,i4 ,f4 ,muell] says 9 8 ,hi/orico-,!ological ,introduction to ! ,lu!ran ,symbols3 ,at ! ,h]zb]g ,conv5tion1 #aegh1 ,&reae felt ju/ifi$ 9 /at+3 ',i c tru?fully say t no "o 0 co]c$ to subscribe or bani%$ on t acc\nt4 ,if ?is is n true1 ! ,son ( ,god has n r$eem$ me ) ,8 blood2 = o!rwise ,i d n want to become a p>tak] ( ! blood ( ,*ri/4' ,pursuant to ?is decl>ation ! oppon5ts 7 publicly *all5g$ to m5tion a s+le p]son :o _h subscrib$ by compulsion1 b !y 7 unable to d s4 ,moreov]1 ev5 ! ,nu]nb]g]s1 :o did n adopt ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 ackn[l$g$ t ! signatures _h be5 affix$ )\t employm5t ( =ce4 7#aae47 ,true1 ,octob] #h1 #aegh1 ,&reae wrote to ,*emnitz3 ,we treat$ ! pa/ors ) su* sev]ity t a c]ta9 truly good man & s9c]e m9i/] ( ! *ur* aft]w>ds said to u 9 ! lodg+ t1 :5 ! matt] 0 propos$ s sev]ely1 8 m9d 0 seiz$ ) a great con/]nation :i* caus$ him to ?9k t he1 be+ ne> ,m\nt ,s9ai1 0 he>+ ! promulgation ( ! ,mosaic ,law 7se animo adeo con/]nato fuisse1 cum negotium tam sev]it] propon]etur1 ut exi/im>et1 se monti ,s9ai proximum legis ,mosaicae promulgationem audire74444 ,i d n believe t any:]e a simil> sev]ity has be5 employ$4 7#aaf47 ,b ! t]m sev]ity "h employ$ does n mean =ce or compulsion1 b m]ely signifies religi\s s]i\sness & moral det]m9ation to elim9ate ,crypto-,calv9ism f ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 ,electoral ,saxony4 ,! _s 9 :i* also ,&reae desir$ ?is matt] to be conduct$ appe>s f 8 lett] ( ,novemb] #bj1 #aegi1 to ,c\nt ,wolfgang1 9 :i* he says3 ,al?\gh z yet "s m9i/]s 9 8 c\ntry _h n subscrib$ to ! ,=mula1 he %\ld n make too mu* ( t1 mu* less press or p]suade !m2 = :oev] did n subscribe spontane\sly & ) a good consci5ce %\ld ab/a9 f subscrib+ altoge!r mu* r ?an pl$ge himself ) ^w & h& :5 8 he>t did n concur--d5n w] es ni*t mit se9em ,gei/ und gutem ,gewiss5 tue1 bleibe viel bess] davon1 als dass er si* mit ,wort5 und mit d] ,h& dazu bek5ne und das ,h]z ni*t d>an wa]e4 7#aae47 ,also ,selnecc] te/ifies to ! g5]al will+ness ) :i* ! m9i/]s 9 ,saxony affix$ _! signatures4 ,) respect to ! univ]sities ( ,witt5b]g & ,leipzig1 h[ev]1 he rem>ks t !re "s 7 f\nd :o1 :ile will+ to ackn[l$ge ! fir/ "p ( ! ,book ( ,concord1 begg$ to be excus$ f sign+ ! ,=mula1 b t !y _h be5 told by ! ,elector3 ,if !y agre$ ) ! fir/ "p1 !re 0 no reason :y !y %\ld refuse to sign ! second1 s9ce x 0 bas$ on ! fir/4 7,c>pzov1 ,isagoge #bj47 ,:ile ?us 9 ,electoral ,saxony subscription to ! ,=mula 0 inde$ dem&$ ( all pr(essors & m9i/]s1 !re is n a s+le case on record 9 :i* compulsion 0 employ$ to obta9 x4 ,9 ,br&5burg ! cl]gy subscrib$ unconditionally1 spontane\sly1 & ) ?ankfulness t[>d ,god & to _! fai?ful1 pi\s rul] = 8 fa!rly c>e ( ! ,*ur*4 ,nor 0 any opposition met ) 9 ,wu]ttemb]g1 :]e ! subscription 0 complet$ 9 ,octob]1 #aegg4 ,9 ,meckl5burg ! m9i/]s 7 k9dly invit$ to subscribe4 ,su* z refus$ 7 susp5d$ & giv5 "t = delib]ation1 ) ! proviso t !y ab/a9 f criticiz+ ! ,=mula be=e ! p4 ,:5 ! sup]9t5d5t ( ,wism> & sev]al pa/ors decl9$ f9ally to adopt ! ,=mula1 !y 7 depos$4 ,accord+ly1 x 0 9 keep+ ) ! facts :5 ! ,lu!ran electors & pr9ces decl>$ 9 ! ,preface to ! ,=mula ( ,concord t _! !ologians1 m9i/]s1 & s*ooltea*]s did ) glad he>t & he>tfelt ?anks to ,god ! ,almighty volunt>ily & ) well-consid]$ c\rage adopt1 approve1 & subscribe ?is ,book ( ,concord ,=mula ( ,concord z ! true & ,*ri/ian s5se ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & did publicly te/ify !reto ) he>t1 m\? & h&4 ,:]e=e also ?is ,*ri/ian ,agreem5t is n ! confession ( "s few ( our !ologians only1 b is call$1 & is 9 g5]al1 ! unanim\s confession ( ea* & e "o ( ! m9i/]s & s*ooltea*]s ( our l&s & prov9ces4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #ab;f47 #bhd4 ,:]e & ,:y ,=mula ( ,concord 0 ,reject$4 ,ap>t f ! t]ritories :i* 7 really ,calv9i/ic 7,anhalt1 ,l[] ,hesse1 ! ,palat9ate1 etc471 comp>atively few ( ! ,g]man pr9ces & e/ates consid]$ adh]5ts ( ! ,augsburg ,confession decl9$ to accept ! ,=mula ( ,concord because ( any doctr9al disagreem5t4 ,"s refus$ to app5d _! names = political reasons2 o!rs1 because !y 7 oppos$ on pr9ciple to a new symbol4 ,) /ill o!rs1 notably "s ( ! imp]ial cities1 x 0 a case ( religi\s p>ticul>ism1 :i* w\ld n brook any di/urbance ( its own mode ( *ur*-life4 ,also injur$ pride1 = n hav+ be5 consult$ 9 ! matt]1 nor call$ ^u to p>ticipate 9 ! prep>ation & revision ( ! ,=mula1 0 n altoge!r lack+ z a motive = )hold+ "o's signature4 ,9 "s in/ances p]sonal spite figur$ z a reason4 ,because ,&reae _h giv5 (f5se to ,paul von ,eitz51 ,hol/e9 reject$ ! ,=mula1 /at+ t all ! articles x treat$ 7 cle>ly set =? 9 ! exi/+ symbols4 ,duke ,julius ( ,brunswick1 ?\gh at fir/ mo/ zeal\s 9 promot+ ! "w ( pacification & ! adoption ( ! ,book ( ,concord1 )drew 9 #aehc1 because ,*emnitz _h rebuk$ him = all[+ 8 son to be consecrat$ ,bi%op ( ,halb]/adt4 7,kolde1 #gc;f47 ,h[ev]1 despite ! unfri5dly attitude ( ,duke ,julius1 "s ( ! ,brunswick !ologians op5ly decl>$ _! agreem5t ) ! ,=mula z well z _! det]m9ation by ! help ( ,god1 to adh]e to its doctr9e4 ,no d\bt b t mu* m pressure 0 ex]cis$ 9 h9d]+ ?an 9 urg+ ,lu!rans to subscribe to ! ,=mula4 ,= ! reasons enum]at$ ! ,=mula ( ,concord 0 n adopt$ 9 ,brunswick1 ,wolf5buettel1 ,hol/e91 ,hesse1 ,pom]ania 7:]e h[ev]1 ! ,=mula 0 receiv$ lat]71 ,anhalt1 ! ,palat9ate 7:i*1 aft] a %ort ,lu!ran int]regnum1 readopt$ ! ,heidelb]g ,cate*ism "u ,john ,casimir1 #aehc71 ,zweibrueck51 ,nassau1 ,b5!im1 ,teckl5burg1 ,solms1 ,ort5burg1 ,liegnitz1 ,brieg1 ,wohlau1 ,brem51 ,danzig1 ,magdeburg1 ,nu]nb]g1 ,weiss5burg1 ,w9d%eim1 ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 ,worms1 ,spey]1 ,/rassburg4 ,9 ,sw$5 & ,d5m>k1 ,fr$]ick ,,ii issu$ an edict1 ,july #bd1 #aehj1 =bidd+ 7= political reasons7 ! importation & publication ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord on p5alty ( execution & confiscation ( prop]ty4 ,he is said to h ca/ ! two elegantly b\nd copies ( ! ,=mula s5t him by 8 si/]1 ! wife ( ,elector ,augu/ ( ,saxony1 into ! fireplace4 ,lat] on1 h[ev]1 ! ,=mula came to be e/eem$ also 9 ! ,dani% ,*ur* & to be reg>d$ z a symbol1 at lea/ 9 fact1 if n 9 =m4 ,:ile "s ( ! orig9al signatories subsequ5tly )drew f ! ,=mula ( ,concord a l>g] numb] acc$$ to x4 ,among ! latt] 7 ,hol/e91 ,pom]ania1 ,kra91 ,ka]n!n1 ,/ei]m>k1 etc4 ,9 ,sw$5 ! ,=mula 0 adopt$ #aeic by ! ,c\ncil ( ,upsala2 9 ,hung>y1 9 #aeig4 ,) few exceptions ! ,lu!ran synods 9 ,am]ica & ,au/ralia all subscrib$ also to ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 #bhe4 ,=mula ,n a ,new ,confession ,doctr9ally4 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord purifi$ ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* f ,romanism1 ,calv9ism1 indiff]5tism1 unionism1 syn]gism1 & o!r errors & uns\nd t5d5cies4 ,x did s1 n by proclaim+ new exclusive laws & doctr9es1 b by %[+ t ^! corruptions 7 already exclud$ by ! _s & lett] ( ! exi/+ ,lu!ran symbols4 ,doctr9ally ! ,=mula ( ,concord is n a new confession1 b m]ely a repetition & explanation ( ! old ,lu!ran confessions4 ,x does n set =? or =mulate a new fai? or t5ets hi!rto unkn[n to ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,nor does x correct1 *ange1 or 9 any way modify any ( h] doctr9es4 ,on ! contr>y its v object 0 to def5d & ma9ta9 ! tea*+ ( h] old symbols aga9/ all mann] ( attacks com+ f )\t z well z f )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,! ,=mula m]ely pres5ts1 repeats1 reaffirms expla9s1 def5ds1 cle>ly def9es1 & consi/5tly applies ! tru?s directly or indirectly1 explicitly or implicitly confess$ & taught 9 ! antec$5t ,lu!ran confessions4 ,! ,augsburg ,confession concludes its la/ p>agraph3 ,if !re is any?+ t any "o might desire 9 ?is ,confession1 we are ready ,god will+1 to pres5t ampl] in=mation 7latiorem in=mationem7 accord+ to ! ,scriptures4 7#id1 #g47 ,close scrut9y w reveal ! fact t 9 e detail ! ,=mula mu/ be reg>d$ z j su* an ampl] in=mation1 accord+ to ! ,scriptures4 ,! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 !re=e1 has always held t :oev] c&idly adopts ! ,augsburg ,confession _c & w n reject ! ,=mula ( ,concord ei!r4 ,z = ! ,=mula itself1 x mo/ emphatically disclaims to be any?+ really new4 ,9 _! ,preface to ! ,book ( ,concord ! ,lu!ran pr9ces decl>$3 ,we inde$ 7to repeat 9 conclusion :at we h m5tion$ sev]al times above7 h wi%$1 9 ?is "w ( concord1 9 no way to devise any?+ new1 or to dep>t f ! tru? ( ! heav5ly doctr9e1 :i* our ance/ors 7r5[n$ = _! piety7 z well z we ourselves h ackn[l$g$ & pr(ess$4 ,we mean t doctr9e1 :i*1 hav+ be5 d]iv$ f ! prophetic & apo/olic ,scriptures1 is conta9$ 9 ! ?ree anci5t ,cre$s1 9 ! ,augsburg ,confession1 pres5t$ 9 ! ye> #aecj to ,emp]or ,*>les ,v1 ( excell5t memory1 !n 9 ! ,apology1 :i* 0 add$ to ?is1 9 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 & la/ly 9 bo? ! ,cate*isms ( t excell5t man1 ,dr4 ,lu!r4 ,!re=e we also h det]m9$ n to dep>t ev5 a f+]'s bread? ei!r f ! subjects !mselves1 or f ! phrases :i* are f\nd 9 !m1 b1 ! ,_s ( ! ,"l aid+ u1 to p]sev]e con/antly1 ) ! greate/ h>mony1 9 ?is godly agreem5t1 & we int5d to exam9e all controv]sies accord+ to ?is true norm & decl>ation ( ! pure doctr9e4 7,,conc4 ,,trigl4 #bc47 ,9 ! ,compreh5sive ,summ>y we read3 ,we ! fram]s & sign]s ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord h decl>$ to "o ano!r ) he>t & m\? t we w n make or receive a sep>ate or new confession ( our fai?1 b confess ! public common writ+s :i* always & ev]y:]e 7 held & us$ z su* symbols or common confessions 9 all ! *ur*es ( ! ,augsburg ,confession be=e ! diss5sions arose among ^? :o accept ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & z long z 9 all articles !re 0 on all sides a unanim\s adh]5ce to ! pure doctr9e ( ! div9e ,^w1 z ! sa9t$ ,dr4 ,lu!r expla9$ x4 7#hea1 #b4 #i47 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord !re=e did n wi% to (f] any?+ t 0 new doctr9ally4 ,x m]ely express$ ! cons5sus ( all loyal ,lu!rans1 & appli$ ! tru?s conta9$ 9 ! exi/+ symbols to ! que/ions rais$ 9 ! v>i\s controv]sies4 #bhf4 ,=mula a ,reaffirmation ( ,g5u9e ,lu!ranism4 ,to re/ore ,lu!r's doctr9e1 su* 0 ! decl>$ purpose ( ! promot]s & au?ors ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,& 9 decid+ ! controv]t$ que/ions1 !y c]ta9ly did mo/ fai?fully adh]e to ,lu!r's tea*+4 ,! ,=mula is an exact1 cle>1 consi/5t1 & gu>d$ /atem5t ( orig9al ,lu!ranism purifi$ ( all =eign elem5ts lat] on inject$ into x by ! ,philippi/s & o!r errori/s4 ,x embodies ! old ,lu!ran doctr9e1 z di/+ui%$ n m]ely f ,romanism & ,calv9ism1 b also f ,melan*?onianism & o!r innovations aft] ! dea? ( ,lu!r4 ,surely ,lu!r w\ld n h hesitat$ to endorse ea* & all ( its articles or doctr9al /atem5ts4 ,ev5 ,planck1 :o p\r$ contempt & s>casm on ! loyal ,lu!rans1 admits3 ,x 0 almo/ beyond controv]sy t ! ,=mula1 9 e controv]t$ article1 e/abli%$ & au?oriz$ precisely ! view :i* 0 mo/ cle>ly sanction$ by ! ,unalt]$ ,augsburg ,confession1 by its ,apology accord+ to ! edition ( ! ye> #aeca1 by ! ,smalcald ,articles1 & by ! ,cate*isms ( ,lu!r4 7#f1 #fig47 ,?is complete agreem5t ) ,lu!r also acc\nts = ! fact t ! ,=mula 0 imm$iately ackn[l$g$ by two-?irds ( ! ,prote/ants 9 ,g]many4 ,z = ,lu!r1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord reg>ds him z ! ,god-giv5 ,re=m] & tea*] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we read3 ,by ! special grace & m]cy ( ! ,almighty ! doctr9e conc]n+ ! *ief articles ( our ,*ri/ian religion 7:i* "u ! ,papacy _h be5 horribly obscur$ by human tea*+s & ord9ances7 7 expla9$ & purifi$ aga9 f ,god's ,^w by ,dr4 ,lu!r1 ( bless$ & holy memory4 7#hdg1 #a47 ,aga93 ,9 ^! la/ times ,god1 out ( special grace has br\ght ! tru? ( ,8 ,^w to light aga9 f ! d>kness ( ! ,papacy ?r\gh ! fai?ful s]vice ( ! preci\s man ( ,god1 ,dr4 ,lu!r4 7#hea1 #e47 ,lu!r is spok5 ( z ?is highly illum9$ man1 ! h]o illum9$ ) unp>allel$ & mo/ excell5t gifts ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! lead+ tea*] ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 7#ihj1 #bh2 #ihc1 #cd47 ,dr4 ,lu!r1 says ! ,=mula1 is to be reg>d$ z ! mo/ di/+ui%$ 7vornehm/e1 praecipuus7 tea*] ( ! ,*ur*es :i* confess ! ,augsburg ,confession1 ^: entire doctr9e z to sum & sub/ance is compris$ 9 ! articles ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 7#ihe1 #da47 ,aga93 ,dr4 ,lu!r1 :o1 above o!rs1 c]ta9ly und]/ood ! true & prop] mean+ ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 & :o con/antly rema9$ /eadfa/ !reto till 8 end1 & def5d$ x1 %ortly be=e 8 dea? repeat$ 8 fai? conc]n+ ?is article ( ! ,"l's ,supp] ) great zeal 9 8 la/ ,confession4 7#ihc1 #cc47 ,accord+ly1 only f ,lu!r's writ+s quotations are introduc$ by ! ,=mula to prove ! truly ,lu!ran "* ( a doctr9e4 ,9 ?is respect ,lu!r 0 consid]$ ! highe/ au?ority1 outweigh+ by f> t ( ,melan*?on or any o!r ,lu!ran div9e4 ,ev]y:]e ,lu!r's books are ref]r$ & appeal$ to1 e4g41 8 beautiful & glori\s exposition ( ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,paul to ! ,galatians1 8 book conc]n+ ,c\ncils1 8 ,l>ge ,confession1 8 ,de ,s]vo ,arbitrio1 8 ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis1 8 s]mon ( #aecc at ,torgau1 etc4 7#ibe1 #bh2 #icg1 #fg2 #hbc1 #ba2 #hig1 #dc2 #hbg1 #b2 #ajea1 #a2 cf4 #abac;ff47 ,lu!r's doctr9e1 accord+ to ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 is embodi$ 9 ! old ,lu!ran symbols1 & 0 collect$ into ! articles & *apt]s ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 7#hea1 #e47 ,! ,augsburg ,confession1 ! ,apology1 ! ,smalcald ,articles1 & ! ,small & ! ,l>ge ,cate*ism1 says ! ,=mula1 h always be5 reg>d$ z ! norm & model ( ! doctr9e :i* ,dr4 ,lu!r1 ( bless$ memory1 has admirably d$uc$ f ,god's ,^w1 & firmly e/abli%$ aga9/ ! ,papacy & o!r sects2 & to 8 full explanations 9 8 doctr9al & polemical writ+s we wi% to appeal1 9 ! mann] & z f> z ,dr4 ,lu!r himself 9 ! ,lat9 preface to 8 publi%$ works has giv5 necess>y & ,*ri/ian admonition conc]n+ 8 writ+s4 7#hec1 #i47 ,accord+ to ! ,=mula !re 7 no diss5sions among ! ,lu!rans z long z 9 all articles !re 0 on all sides a unanim\s adh]5ce to ! pure doctr9e ( ! div9e ,^w z ! sa9t$ ,dr4 ,lu!r expla9$ x4 7#hea1 #b47 ,melan*?on1 ,agricola1 ,osi&]1 ,major1 & ! ,philippi/s1 dep>t+ f ,lu!r1 /ruck out on pa?s ( _! own1 & ?us gave rise to ! controv]sies f9ally settl$ by ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,z = ! ,=mula ( ,concord itself1 ! di/9ct object also ( its promot]s & au?ors 0 to re/ore1 reaffirm1 & v9dicate ! doctr9e ( ,lu!r4 ,9 a lett] ( ,july #bd1 #aegf1 to ,hes%usius & ,wig&1 ,&reae giv+ an acc\nt ( ! results ( ! ,torgau ,conv5tion1 rem>ks3 ,= ?is ,i d>e affirm & promise sacr$ly t ! illu/ri\s ,elector ( ,saxony is b5t on ?is alone t ! doctr9e ( ,lu!r1 :i* has be5 p>tly obscur$1 p>tly corrupt$1 p>tly condemn$ op5ly or secretly1 %all aga9 be re/or$ pure & unadult]at$ 9 ! s*ools & *ur*es1 & accord+ly ,lu!r %all live1 i4e41 ,*ri/1 ^: fai?ful s]vant ,lu!r 0--adeoque ,lu!rus1 hoc e/1 ,*ri/us1 cuius fidelis m9i/] ,lu!rus fuit1 vivat4 ,:at m d y desire8 ,"h 9 ! ,torgau ,book no?+ is color$1 no?+ is dress$ up1 no?+ is conceal$1 b ev]y?+ is 9 keep+ ) ! _s ( ,lu!r :i* is ,*ri/'s4 ,nihil hic fucatum1 nihil palliatum1 nihil tectum e/1 s$ iuxta spiritum ,lu!ri1 qui ,*ri/i e/4 7,s*aff #a1 #cci47 ,also ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 !re=e1 conta9s ,lu!r's !ology4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t ! ,=mula ( ,concord is a compromise betwe5 ,lu!r & ,melan*?on1 a syn!sis or comb9ation ( ! two antagoni/ic =ces ( ! ,re=mation1 a balance ( mutually de/ructive pr9ciples1 etc4 ,! ,=mula1 says also ,seeb]g repres5ts a ,melan*?onian ,lu!ranism4 ,b ! pla9 tru? is t ! ,=mula is a complete victory ( ,lu!r ov] ! lat] ,melan*?on z well z ! o!r errori/s :o _h rais$ _! heads )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,x gave ! floor1 n to ,philip1 b to ,m>t94 ,true1 x 0 ! av[$ object ( ! ,=mula to re/ore peace to ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 b n by compromis+ 9 any %ape or =m ! doctr9e ( ,lu!r1 :i*1 its au?ors 7 conv9c$1 is no?+ b div9e tru? itself4 ,9 !sis & anti!sis1 moreov]1 ! ,=mula takes a cle>ly def9$ /& aga9/ all ! errori/s ( ^? days3 ,anabapti/s1 ,s*w5ckfeldians1 ,antitr9it>ians1 ,romani/s1 ,zw+lians1 ,calv9i/s1 ,crypto-,calv9i/s1 ,adiaphori/s1 ,ant9omians1 ,syn]gi/s1 ,majori/s1 ! lat] ,flaciani/s1 etc4 ,x did n ackn[l$ge1 or leave room =1 any doctr9es or doctr9al t5d5cies deviat+ 9 ! lea/ f orig9al g5u9e ,scriptural ,lu!ranism4 ,at e po9t x occupi$ ! old ,lu!ran gr\nd4 ,ev]y:]e x obs]v$ a correct balance betwe5 two errors 7e4g41 ,romanism & ,zw+lianism1 ,calv9ism & syn]gism1 ,majorism & ant9omianism72 x /e]$ cle> ( ,scylla z well z ,*>ybdis avoid+ errors to ! "r z well z pitfalls to ! left4 ,! gold5 highway ( tru? on :i* x travels 0 n ,melan*?on nor a middle gr\nd betwe5 ,lu!r & ,melan*?on1 b simply ,lu!r & ! tru?s :i* he _h br\ght to light aga94 ,melan*?onianism may be def9$ z an ef=t to inoculate ,lu!ranism ) a unioni/ic & ,calv9i/ic virus4 ,! di/9ct object ( ! ,=mula1 h[ev]1 0 n m]ely to r$uce1 b to purge ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* entirely f1 ?is z well z o!r leav54 ,! ,=mula's !ology is n ,lu!ranism modifi$ by1 b ?or\ghly cleans$ f1 ant9omianism1 ,osi&rianism1 & p>ticul>ly f ,philippism4 ,accord+ly1 :ile 9 ! ,=mula ,lu!r is celebrat$ & quot$ z ! true & reliable expon5t ( ,lu!ranism1 ,melan*?on is n[h]e appeal$ to z an au?ority 9 ?is respect4 ,x is only 9 ! ,preface ( ! ,book ( ,concord t 8 writ+s are ref]r$ to z n to be reject$ & condemn$1 b ! proviso is add$1 9 z f> z 7quat5us7 !y agree ?r\gh\t ) ! norm laid d[n 9 ! ,book ( ,concord4 7#af47 #bhg4 ,scripture ,sole ,/&>d & ,rule4 ,f ! high e/imation 9 :i* ,lu!r 0 held by ! ,=mula ( ,concord x has falsely be5 inf]r$ t ?is ,confession accords ,lu!r ! highe/ au?ority z ,hase says1 or consid]s him ! regulative & almo/ infallible exp\nd] ( ! ,bible1 z ,s*aff ass]ts4 7,cre$s #a1 #cac47 ,b accord+ to ! ,=mula ! supreme arbit] & only f9al rule 9 all matt]s ( religion is ! inspir$ ,^w ( ,god2 & absolutely all human tea*]s & books1 includ+ ,lu!r & ! ,lu!ran symbols1 are subject to its v]dict4 ,:51 aft] ,lu!r's dea?1 ,god p]mitt$ doctr9al controv]sies to di/ract ! ,*ur*1 ,8 purpose1 no d\bt1 be+ also to h h] fully realize n only t ,lu!r's doctr9e is 9 complete h>mony ) ,scripture1 b1 9 addition1 t 9 matt]s ( fai? & doctr9e n ,lu!r1 n ! ,*ur*1 n ! symbols1 nor any o!r human au?ority b ,8 ,^w alone is ! sole rule & norm4 ,! ,=mula c]ta9ly le>n$ ?is lesson well4 ,9 its op5+ p>agraph we read3 ,we believe1 tea*1 & confess t ! sole rule & /&>d accord+ to :i* bo? all doctr9es & all tea*]s %\ld be e/imat$ & judg$ are ! prophetic & apo/olic ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t alone4444 ,o!r writ+s1 h[ev]1 ( anci5t or mod]n tea*]s1 :atev] "n !y be> mu/ n be reg>d$ z equal to ! ,holy ,scriptures1 b all ( !m toge!r be subject$ to !m4 7#ggg1 #a47 ,& 9 ?is1 too1 ! ,=mula 0 consci\s ( be+ 9 agreem5t ) ,lu!r4 ,lu!r himself1 x decl>es1 has expressly drawn ?is di/9ction namely1 t ! ,^w ( ,god alone %\ld be & rema9 ! only /&>d & rule ( doctr9e1 to :i* ! writ+s ( no man %\ld be reg>d$ z equal1 b to :i* ev]y?+ %\ld be subject$4 7#hec1 #i47 ,scripture is1 & always mu/ rema91 ! only norma normans1 ! /&>d t rules ev]y?+1--su* 0 ! attitude ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,accord+ly1 ! pro( prop] = ! tru? ( any doctr9al /atem5t is tak5 by ! ,=mula nei!r f ! ,lu!ran symbols nor ! writ+s ( ,lu!r1 b f ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,& ! only reason :y ! promot]s & fram]s ( ! ,=mula 7 det]m9$ to re/ore ! unadult]at$ tea*+ ( ,lu!r 0 because1 9 ! controv]sies foll[+ 8 dea?1 !y _h ?or\ghly conv9c$ !mselves t1 on ! "o h&1 ! doctr9es proclaim$ by ,lu!r 7 no?+ b ! pure/ gold m9$ f ! %afts ( ,god's ,^w1 & t1 on ! o!r h&1 ! v>i\s deviations f ,lu!r's tea*+1 :i* _h caus$ ! diss5sions1 7 ab]rations n only f ! orig9al ,lu!ran ,confessions1 b also f ,holy ,scripture4 ,! ?irty ye>s ( !ological discussion _h satisfi$ ! ,lu!rans t to adh]e to ! ,bible 0 tantam\nt to adh]+ to ! tea*+ ( ,lu!r1 & vice v]sa4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,=mula also decl>$ x z its object to prove t ! doctr9es x pres5t$ 7 9 h>mony ) ! ,bible1 z well z ) ! tea*+ ( ,lu!r & ! ,augsburg ,confession4 7#hef1 #ai47 ,?is agreem5t ) ! ,^w ( ,god & ! prec$+ ,lu!ran symbols con/itutes ! ,=mula a ,lu!ran confession1 :i* no "o :o is a true ,lu!ran c reject or1 = doctr9al reasons1 refuse to accept4 #bhh4 ,=mula ,b5efit$ ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,x has frequ5tly be5 ass]t$ t ! ,=mula ( ,concord greatly damag$ ,lu!ranism1 caus+ bitt] controv]sies1 & driv+ _m ,lu!rans into ! fold ( ,calv9ism1 e4g41 9 ! ,palat9ate 7#aehc71 9 ,anhalt1 9 ,hesse1 & 9 ,br&5burg 7#afac74 ,ri*>d says3 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord 0 ! cause ( ! mo/ bitt] controv]sies1 diss5sions1 & ali5ations4 ,! position tak5 by ! adh]5ts ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord t ?is docum5t is ! true hi/orical & logical explanation ( ! old] confessions & is !re=e ! te/ & t\*/one ( ,lu!ranism1 _h ! effect1 z "o extreme g5]ates a c\nt]-extreme1 ( driv+ _m individual ,lu!rans & _m ,lu!ran *ur*es into ! ,calv9i/ic fold1 z t fold 0 repres5t$ 9 ,g]many by ! ,heidelb]g ,cate*ism z ! *ief confession ( fai?4 7#eaf47 ,b ?is entire view is f\nd$ on indiff]5tism & unionism fl[+ f ! false pr9ciple t quality mu/ be sacrific$ to quantity1 et]nal tru? to temporal peace & unity to ext]nal progress & tempor>y success4 ,view$ 9 ! light ( ,god's ,^w1 error is ! c5trifugal =ce & ! real cause ( diss5sion & sep>ations among ,*ri/ians1 :ile div9e tru? always acts z a c5tripetal or a truly unify+ p[]4 ,! ,=mula !re=e1 /&+ cle>ly z x does = div9e tru? only1 _c be *>g$ ) caus+ diss5sion & bre$+ tr\ble among ,*ri/ians4 ,x settl$ _m controv]sies & heal$ diss5sions1 b produc$ none4 ,true1 ! ,=mula 0 condemn$ by _m1 b ) no great] ju/ice & = no o!r reasons ?an ^? = :i* ! tru?s ( ,god's ,^w h always be5 assail$ by _! enemies4 ,nor is ! /atem5t correct t ! ,=mula ( ,concord drove loyal ,lu!rans out ( _! own *ur*es into ,calv9i/ic folds4 ,x cle>ly /at$ :at1 accord+ to ,god's ,^w & _! old confessions1 ,lu!rans always w believe1 tea*1 & confess1 z also :at !y always mu/ reject z false & detrim5tal to ! cause ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/2 h[ev]1 9 s do+1 x did n drive ,lu!rans into ! ranks ( ! ,calv9i/s1 b drove mask$ ,calv9i/s out ( ! ranks ( loyal ,lu!rans into ^? folds to :i* !y really belong$4 ,inde$1 ! ,=mula fail$ to make true ,lu!rans ( all ! errori/s2 b nei!r did ! ,augsburg ,confession succe$ 9 mak+ fri5ds & ,lu!rans ( all ,papi/s1 nor ! ,bible1 9 mak+ ,*ri/ians ( all unbeliev]s4 ,h[ev]1 by cle>ly /at+ its position 9 !sis & anti!sis1 ! ,=mula did succe$ 9 br++ ab\t a :olesome sep>ation1 ridd+ ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* ( antagoni/ic spirits1 uns\nd t5d5cies1 & false doctr9es4 ,9 fact1 x sav$ ! ,*ur* f sl[1 b sure poison+ at ! h&s ( ! ,crypto-,calv9i/s2 x re/or$ purity1 unity1 morale1 c\rage1 & hope :5 %e 0 demoraliz$1 di/ract$1 & disfigur$ by _m diss5sions & corruptions4 ,:atev]1 by adopt+ ! ,=mula ( ,concord ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* !re=e may h lo/ 9 ext5sion1 x won 9 int5tion2 :at x lo/ 9 numb]s1 x won 9 unity1 solidity1 & firmness 9 ! tru?4 ,true1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord completely foil$ ,melan*?on's plan ( a union betwe5 ! ,lu!ran & ,re=m$ *ur*es on ! basis ( ! ,v>iata ( #aedj1--;a fact :i* m ?an any?+ else r\s$ ! ire ( ,philippi/s & ,calv9i/s4 ,b t 0 an ungodly union1 contr>y to ! ,^w ( ,god2 a union involv+ a d5ial ( ess5tial ,*ri/ian tru?s2 a union incompatible ) ! _s ( ,lu!ranism1 :i* _c survive :]e fai? is gagg$ & op5 confession ( ! tru? is smo!r$2 a union 9 :i* ,calv9ism1 engraft$ on ,lu!ranism1 w\ld h r$uc$ ! latt] to a m]e fe$] ( a =eign life4 ,h[ev]1 ?\gh x %att]$ ! ungodly plans ( ! ,philippi/s & ,calv9i/s1 ! ,=mula did n 9 ! lea/ de/roy ! hope (1 or block ! way =1 a truly ,*ri/ian agreem5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 x =mulat$ ! only true basis = su* a union1 :i* x also realiz$ among ! ,lu!rans4 ,& if ! ,lu!ran & ,re=m$ *ur*es w ev] unite 9 a true & godly mann] x mu/ be done on ! basis ( ! tru?s set =? by ! ,=mula4 #bhi4 ,necessity ( ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,sev]al ,lu!ran /ates1 z relat$ above1 decl9$ to accept ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 giv+ z _! reason = su* action t !re 0 no ne$ ( a new confession4 ,! fact1 h[ev]1 t ! ,=mula 0 adopt$ by ! great majority ( ,lu!ran pr9ces1 pr(essors1 prea*]s1 & congregations proves conclusively t !y 7 ( a diff]5t op9ion4 ,a new confession 0 necess>y1 n inde$ because new tru?s _h be5 discov]$ :i* call$ = confessional co9+ or =mulation1 b because ! old doctr9es1 assail$ by errori/s1 7 9 ne$ ( v9dication1 & ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 di/ract$ by prolong$ !ological w>f>e1 0 sorely 9 ne$ ( be+ re/or$ to unity1 peace1 & /ability4 ,! "q-m>ks susp5d$ ev]y:]e 9 ,g]many aft] ,lu!r's dea? 73 ,is ,lu!ranism to die or live8 ,are its old /&>ds & doctr9es to be scrapp$ or v9dicat$8 ,is ! ,*ur* ( ,lu!r to rema91 or to be trans=m$ into a unioni/ic or ,re=m$ body8 ,is x to reta9 its unity1 or w x become a h\se divid$ aga9/ itself & infe/$ ) all mann] ( sects8 ,evid5tly1 !n1 if ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* 0 n to g d[n +lori\sly1 a new confession 0 ne$$ :i* w\ld n only cle> ! religi\s & !ological atmosph]e1 b re/ore confid5ce1 hope1 & normalcy4 ,a confession 0 ne$$ :i* w\ld br+ out cle>ly ! tru?s = :i* ,lu!rans mu/ firmly /& if !y w\ld be true to ,god1 true to ,8 ,^w1 true to _! ,*ur*1 true to !mselves1 & true to _! traditions4 ,a confession 0 ne$$ :i* w\ld draw exactly1 cle>ly1 & unmi/akably ! l9es :i* sep>ate ,lu!rans1 n only f ,romani/s1 b also f ,zw+lians1 ,calv9i/s1 ,crypto-,calv9i/s1 unioni/s1 & ! advocates ( o!r errors & uns\nd t5d5cies4 ,be+ ess5tially ! ,*ur* ( ! pure ,^w & ,sacram5t1 ! only way = ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* to ma9ta9 h] id5tity & indep5d5ce 0 to settle h] controv]sies n by evad+ or compromis+ ! doctr9al issues involv$1 b by hone/ly fac+ & def9itely decid+ !m 9 accordance ) h] pr9ciples3 ! ,^w ( ,god & ! old confessions4 ,p>ticul>ly ) respect to ! doctr9e ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 ,melan*?on by con/antly alt]+ ! ,augsburg ,confession1 _h muddi$ ! wat] to su* an ext5t t ! adoption ( ! ,augu/ana 0 no long] a cle> te/ ( ,lu!ran or?odoxy & loyalty4 ,ev5 ,calv91 & ! ,g]man ,re=m$ g5]ally subscrib$ to x1 9 ! s5se1 !y said1 9 :i* ,melan*?on has expla9$ x4 ,! result 0 a corruption ( ,lu!ranism & a p]nici\s ,calv9i/ic propag&a 9 ,lu!ran t]ritories4 ,a new confession 0 ! only means ( end+ ! confusion & *eck+ ! invasion4 #bij4 ,=mula ,fully ,met ,requirem5ts4 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord 0 j su* a confession z ! situation call$ =4 ,! ,preface to ! ,apology ( ! ,book ( ,concord1 sign$ by ,kir*n]1 ,selnecc]1 & ,*emnitz1 rem>ks t ! purpose ( ! ,=mula 0 to e/abli% & propagate unity 9 ! ,lu!ran *ur*es & s*ools1 & to *eck ! ,sacram5t>ian leav5 & o!r corruptions & sects4 ,?is purpose 0 fully atta9$ by ! ,=mula4 ,x ma9ta9$ & v9dicat$ ! old ,lu!ran symbols4 ,x cle>$ our ,*ur* f all mann] ( =eign spirits :i* ?reat5$ to trans=m its v "*4 ,x settl$ ! controv]sies by r5d]+ a cle> & correct decision on all doctr9al que/ions involv$4 ,x unifi$ our ,*ur* :5 %e 0 ?reat5$ ) hopeless division1 an>*y1 & utt] ru94 ,x surr\nd$ h] ) a wall ( fire aga9/ all h] enemies4 ,x made h] a mo/ uncom=table place = su* oppon5ts ( ,lu!ranism z ,crypto-,calv9i/s1 unioni/s1 etc4 ,x infus$ h] ) confid5ce1 self-consci\sness1 conviction1 a cle> k ( h] own position ov] aga9/ ! errors ( o!r *ur*es & sects1 & la/1 b n lea/1 ) a mo/ rem>kable vitality4 ,:]ev] & :5ev]1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord 0 ignor$1 despis$1 or reject$1 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* fell an easy prey to unionism & sect>ianism2 b :]ev] & :5ev] ! ,=mula 0 held 9 high e/eem1 ,lu!ranism fl\ri%$ & its enemies 7 conf\nd$4 ,says ,s*aff3 ,outside ( ,g]many ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* is /unt$ 9 its normal gr[?1 or und]goes ) ! *ange ( language & nationality1 an ecclesia/ical trans=mation4 ,?is is ! case ) ! great majority ( ,angliciz$ & ,am]icaniz$ ,lu!rans1 :o adopt ,re=m$ views on ! ,sacram5ts1 ! obs]vance ( ,sunday1 *ur* discipl9e1 & o!r po9ts4 ,b ! fact is t1 s9ce ,s*aff wrote ! above1 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* develop$ & fl\ri%$ n[h]e z 9 ,am]ica1 ow+ *iefly to ! return ( ,am]ican ,lu!rans to _! confessions1 includ+ ! ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord fully suppli$ ! dire ne$ creat$ by ! controv]sies aft] ,lu!r's dea?2 &1 despite _m subsequ5t controv]sies1 also 9 ,am]ica1 d[n to ! pres5t day1 no fur!r confessional deliv]ances h be5 necess>y1 & mo/ likely su* w n be ne$$ 9 ! future ei!r4 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord1 !re=e1 mu/ ev] be reg>d$ z a great bless+ ( ,god4 ,b = ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 says ,krau?1 x may be que/ion$ :e!r ,prote/antism c\ld h be5 sav$ to ! _w4 ,x /aun*$ ! w\nds at :i* ,lu!ranism 0 ble$+ to dea?2 & crises 7 at h& 9 hi/ory 9 :i* ,lu!ranism 0 ess5tial to ! salvation ( ! ,re=matory int]e/ 9 ,europe4 ,! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 ! w> ( m>tyrs1 :i* sav$ our mod]n _w1 lay inde$ 9 ! future ( ano!r c5tury1 yet x 0 f\ght & settl$ 9 ! ,cloi/] ( ,b]g54 ,b = ! p5 ( ! peaceful triumvirate1 ! sword ( ,gu/avus _h n be5 drawn4 ,inte/9e trea*]y & division 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,re=mation w\ld h done :at ! arts & arms ( ,rome fail$ to d4 ,b ! miracle ( re/oration 0 wr\ght4 ,f be+ ! mo/ di/ract$ ,*ur* on e>?1 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* _h become ! mo/ /able4 ,! blossom put =? at ,augsburg1 despite ! /orm1 ! mildew1 & ! worm1 _h rip5$ into ! full r\nd fruit ( ! ample/ & cle>e/ ,confession 9 :i* ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has ev] embodi$ h] fai?4 7,s*mauk1 #hcj47 #bia4 ,=mula ,attack$ & ,def5d$4 ,draw+ accurately & deeply1 z x did1 ! l9es ( dem>cation betwe5 ,lu!ranism1 on ! "o h&1 & ,calv9ism1 ,philippism1 etc41 on ! o!r1 & ?us also putt+ an end to ! ,calv9i/ic propag&a successfully c>ri$ on = decades )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord 0 b\nd to become a rock ( (f5se & to meet ) opposition on ! "p ( all enemies ( g5u9e ,lu!ranism )9 z well z )\t ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,bo? ,romani/s & ,calv9i/s _h long ago accu/om$ !mselves to view+ ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* z moribund & m]ely to be prey$ ^u by o!rs4 ,accord+ly1 :51 contr>y to all expectations1 our ,*ur*1 unit$ by ! ,=mula1 rose once m to h] pri/9e p[] & glory1 x r\s$ ! envy & inflam$ ! ire & rage ( h] enemies4 ,num]\s prote/s aga9/ ! ,=mula1 emanat+ *iefly f ,re=m$ & ,crypto-,calv9i/ic s\rces1 7 lodg$ ) ,elector ,augu/ & o!r ,lu!ran pr9ces4 ,ev5 ,que5 ,elizabe? ( ,engl& s5t a deputation urg+ ! ,elector n to all[ ! promulgation ( ! new confession4 ,john ,casimir ( ! ,palat9ate1 also at ! in/igation ( ! ,engli% que51 endeavor$ to organize ! ,re=m$ 9 ord] to prev5t its adoption4 ,also lat] on ! ,calv9i/s insi/$ t a g5]al c\ncil 7( c\rse1 p>ticipat$ 9 by ,calv9i/s & ,crypto-,calv9i/s7 %\ld h be5 held to decide on its =mal & f9al adoption6 ,num]\s attacks on ! ,=mula ( ,concord 7 publi%$ #aegh1 #aegi1 #aeha1 & lat]1 "s ( !m anonym\sly4 ,!y 7 direct$ *iefly aga9/ its doctr9e ( ! real pres5ce 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]1 ! maje/y ( ! human nature ( ,*ri/1 & et]nal election1 p>ticul>ly its refusal to solve1 ei!r 9 a syn]gi/ic or 9 a ,calv9i/ic mann]1 ! my/]y pres5t$ to human reason 9 ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible t ,god alone is ! cause ( man's salvation1 :ile man alone is ! cause ( 8 damnation4 ,9 a lett] to ,beza1 ,urs9us1 ! *ief au?or ( ! ,heidelb]g ,cate*ism1 %rewdly advis$ ! ,re=m$ to cont9ue accept+ ! ,augsburg ,confession1 b to agitate aga9/ ! ,=mula4 ,he himself l$ ! ,re=m$ attacks by publi%+1 #aeha1 ,admonitio ,*ri/iana de ,libro ,concordiae1 ,*ri/ian ,admonition ,conc]n+ ! ,book ( ,concord1 also call$ ,admonitio ,neo/adi5sis1 ,neu/adt ,admonition4 ,its *>ges 7 refut$ 9 ! ,apology or ,def5se ( ! ,*ri/ian ,book ( ,concord--,apologia od] ,v]antwortung des *ri/li*5 ,konkordi5bu*s1 9 wel*] die wahre *ri/li*e ,lehre1 s im ,konkordi5bu* v]fas/1 mit gutem ,grunde heilig]1 goettli*] ,s*rift v]teidiget1 die ,v]kehrung ab] und ,kalumni51 s von unruhig5 ,leut5 wid] g$a*tes *ri/li*e ,bu* ausgespr5get1 wid]legt word51 #aehc 7#aehb74 ,hav+ be5 prep>$ by comm& ( ! ,lu!ran electors1 & compos$ by ,kir*n]1 ,selnecc]1 & ,*emnitz1 & be=e its publication also submitt$ to o!r !ologians = _! approval1 ?is gu>d$ly writt5 ,apology1 also call$ ! ,erfurt ,book1 ga9$ consid]able au?ority & influ5ce4 ,! ,preface ( ?is ,erfurt ,book enum]ates1 besides ! ,*ri/ian ,admonition ( ,urs9us & ! ,neu/adt !ologians1 ! foll[+ writ+s publi%$ aga9/ ! ,=mula ( ,concord3 #a4 ,op9ion & ,apology 7,b$5ck5 und ,apologie7 ( ,"s ,anhalt ,!ologians2 #b4 ,def5se 7,v]antwortung7 ( ! ,brem5 ,prea*]s2 ,*ri/ian ,ir5aeus on ,orig9al ,s92 ,nova ,novorum 7e9 famos ,libell72 o!r libelli1 satyrae et pasquilli2 ,calumniae et ,scurrilia ,convitia ( ,bro!r ,nass 7,brud] ,nass72 & ! hi/ory ( ! ,augsburg ,confession by ,ambrosius ,wolf1 9 :i* ! au?or ass]ts t f ! beg9n+ ! doctr9e ( ,zw+li & ,calv9 pr$om9at$ 9 all ,prote/ant *ur*es4 ,! !ologians ( ,neu/adt1 ,brem51 & ,anhalt repli$ to ! ,erfurt ,apology2 :i*1 9 turn1 call$ =? c\nt]-replies f ! ,lu!rans4 ,beza wrote3 ,refutation ( ! ,dogma ,conc]n+ ! ,fictiti\s ,omnipres5ce ( ! ,fle% ( ,*ri/4 ,9 #afjg ,hosp9ian publi%$ 8 ,concordia ,discors1 tr4 note3 sic on punctuation to :i* ,hutt] repli$ 9 8 ,concordia ,concors4 ,! papal detractors ( ! ,=mula 7 l$ by ! ,jesuit ,c>d9al ,bell>m91 :o 9 #aehi publi%$ 8 ,judgm5t ( ! ,book ( ,concord4 #bib4 ,mod]n ,/rictures on ,=mula ( ,concord4 ,d[n to ! pres5t day ! ,=mula ( ,concord has be5 assail$ p>ticul>ly by unioni/ic & ,re=m$ oppon5ts ( true ,lu!ranism4 ,s*aff criticizes3 ,religion 0 conf\nd$ ) !ology1 piety ) or?odoxy1 & or?odoxy ) an exclusive confessionalism4 7#a1 #bei47 ,h[ev]1 ! subjects treat$ 9 ! ,=mula are ! mo/ vital doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian religion3 conc]n+ s9 & grace1 ! p]son & "w ( ,*ri/1 ju/ification & fai?1 ! means ( grace1 --tru?s )\t :i* nei!r ,*ri/ian !ology nor ,*ri/ian religion c rema92 ,"h1 !n1 says ,s*mauk1 is ! "o symbol ( ! ages :i* treats almo/ exclusively ( ,*ri/--( ,8 "w1 ,8 pres5ce1 ,8 p]son4 ,"h is ! ,*ri/-symbol ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,"o might almo/ say t ! ,=mula ( ,concord is a develop$ witness ( ,lu!r's explanation ( ! ,second & ,?ird ,articles ( ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 meet+ ! mod]n errors ( ,prote/antism1 ^? cropp+ up f ! sixte5? to ! tw5tie? c5tury1 9 a really mod]n way4 7#gea47 ,ts*ack]t also designates ! ass]tion t ! au?ors ( ! ,=mula ( ,concord ab&on$ ,lu!r's idea ( fai? & e/abli%$ a dead s*ola/icism z an unju/ *>ge4 7#dgh47 ,inde$1 x may be que/ion$ :e!r ! doctr9e ( grace1 ! real he>t ( ,*ri/ianity1 w\ld h be5 sav$ to ! ,*ur* )\t ! ,=mula4 ,r4 ,seeb]g speaks ( ! ossification ( ,lu!ran !ology caus$ by ! ,=mula ( ,concord1 & ,ts*ack]t *>ges x ) trans=m+ ! ,gospel into a doctr9e4 7#ega47 ,b :at else is ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ ?an ! div9e doctr9e or /atem5t & proclamation ( ! tru? t we are sav$1 n by our own works1 b by grace & fai? alone1 = ! sake ( ,*ri/ & ,8 m]its8 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord truly says3 ,! ,gospel is prop]ly a doctr9e :i* tea*es :at man %\ld believe1 t he may obta9 =giv5ess ( s9s ) ,god1 namely1 t ! ,son ( ,god1 our ,"l ,*ri/1 has tak5 ^u ,himself & borne ! curse ( ! ,law1 has expiat$ & paid = all our s9s1 ?r\gh :om alone we aga9 ent] into favor ) ,god1 obta9 =giv5ess ( s9s by fai?1 are deliv]$ f dea? & all ! puni%m5ts ( s9s1 & et]nally sav$4 7#iei1 #bj47 ,says ,s*mauk3 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord 0 444 ! v sub/ance ( ! ,gospel & ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 knead$ ?r\gh ! exp]i5ce ( ! fir/ g5]ation ( ,prote/antism1 by incessant & agoniz+ conflict1 & com+ =? f t exp]i5ce z a true & tri$ tea*+1 a /&>d recogniz$ by _m4 7#hba47 ,! ,=mula ( ,concord is truly ,scriptural1 n only because all its doctr9es are d]iv$ f ! ,bible1 b also because ! burd5 ( ! ,scriptures1 ! doctr9e ( ju/ification1 is ! burd5 also ( all its expositions ! liv+ brea?1 z x 71 p]vad+ all its articles4 ,ano!r mod]n objection to ! ,=mula is t x b9ds ! future g5]ations to ! ,book ( ,concord4 ,?is *>ge is correct1 = ! ,=mula expressly /ates t its decisions are to be a public1 def9ite te/imony1 n only = ^? n[ liv+1 b also = our po/]ity1 :at is & %\ld rema9 7sei und bleib5 solle--esseque p]petuo debeat7 ! unanim\s und]/&+ & judgm5t ( our *ur*es 9 ref]5ce to ! articles 9 controv]sy4 7#heg1 #af47 ,h[ev]1 ! criticism impli$ 9 ! *>ge is unw>rant$4 ,= ! ,lu!ran ,confessions1 z promot]s1 au?ors1 & sign]s ( ! ,=mula 7 fully p]suad$1 are 9 p]fect agreem5t ) ! et]nal & un*angeable ,^w ( ,god4 ,z to _! cont5ts1 !re=e1 !y mu/ always rema9 ! confession ( e ,*ur* :i* really is & w\ld rema9 loyal to ! ,^w ( ,god4 #bic4 ,=mula ,unrefut$4 ,f ! day ( its bir? d[n to ! pres5t "t ! ,=mula ( ,concord has always be5 9 ! limelight ( !ological discussion4 ,b :at its fram]s said 9 praise ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 viz41 t1 9 spite ( num]\s enemies1 x _h rema9$ unrefut$1 may be appli$ also to ! ,=mula3 x /ood ! te/ ( c5turies & em]g$ unsca!d f ! fire ( e controv]sy4 ,x is true today :at ,?omasius wrote #ahdh ) special ref]5ce to ! ,=mula3 ,num]\s z !y may be :o at pres5t revile our ,confession1 n "o has ev] appe>$ :o has refut$ its *ief propositions f ! ,bible4 7,bek5ntnis d] ev4-lu?4 ,kir*e1 #bbg47 ,nor c ! ,=mula ev] be refut$1 = its doctr9al cont5ts are unadult]at$ tru?s ( ! infallible ,^w ( ,god4 ,x confesses ! doctr9e :i* ,*ri/ians ev]y:]e w f9ally admit z true & div9e inde$1 :i* !y all 9 _! he>ts believe ev5 n[1 if n explicitly & consci\sly1 at lea/ implicitly & 9 pr9ciple4 ,! doctr9es ( ! ,=mula are ! ecum5ical tru?s ( ,*ri/5dom2 = true ,lu!ranism is no?+ b consi/5t ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,=mula1 says ,krau?1 is ! complete/ & cle>e/ confession 9 :i* ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has ev] embodi$ h] fai?4 ,su* be+ ! case1 ! ,=mula ( ,concord mu/ be reg>d$ also z ! key to a godly peace & true unity ( entire ,*ri/5dom4 ,! au?ors ( ! ,=mula solemnly decl>e3 ,we ent]ta9 he>tfelt pleasure & love =1 & are on our "p s9c]ely incl9$ & anxi\s to advance ) our utmo/ p[] t unity & peace by :i* ,8 glory rema9s to ,god un9jur$1 no?+ ( ! div9e tru? ( ! ,holy ,gospel is surr5d]$1 no room is giv5 to ! lea/ error1 poor s9n]s are br\ght to true1 g5u9e rep5tance1 rais$ up by fai?1 confirm$ 9 new ob$i5ce1 & ?us ju/ifi$ & et]nally sav$ alone ?r\gh ! sole m]it ( ,*ri/4 7#ajie1 #ie47 ,su* 0 ! godly peace & true ,*ri/ian unity re/or$ by ! ,=mula ( ,concord to ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,& :at x did = h] x is able also to d = ! ,*ur* at l>ge4 ,be+ 9 complete agreem5t ) ,scripture1 x is well qualifi$ to become ! reg5]ation c5t] ( ! entire pres5t-day corrupt$1 disrupt$1 & demoraliz$ ,*ri/5dom4 ,accord+ly ,lu!rans1 ! natural advocates ( a truly :olesome & ,god-pleas+ union bas$ on unity 9 div9e tru?1 w n only !mselves hold fa/ :at !y possess 9 _! glori\s ,confession1 b /rive to imp>t its bless+s also to o!rs1 all ! :ile pray+ incessantly1 f]v5tly1 & tru/+ly ) ! pi\s fram]s ( ! ,=mula3 ,may ,almighty ,god & ! ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus grant ! grace ( ,8 ,holy ,gho/ t we all may be "o 9 ,him1 & con/antly abide 9 ?is ,*ri/ian unity1 :i* is well pleas+ to ,him6 ,am54 7#hcg1 #bc47 ,,soli ,,deo ,,gloria6 tr4 note3 orig9al pr9t$ text ends ) a #aj page index t is n includ$ 9 ?is transcription