,,determining ,,the ,,age ,,of ,,cattle 
,,by ,,the ,,teeth                      
,,george ,w4 ,,pope                     
,quarantine ,division                   
,device                                 
,,farmers' ,,bulletin #ajff             
,,united ,,states ,,department ,,of     
,,agriculture             ,contribution 
from the ,bureau of ,animal ,industry   
,,john ,r4 ,,mohler1 ,chief             
,washington1 ,d4 ,c4                    
,august1 #aiai   ,show this bulletin to 
a neighbor4 ,additional copies may be   
obtained  free from the ,division of    
,publications1 ,united ,states          
,department of  ,agriculture            
,,washington3 ,,government ,,printing   
,,office3 #aiai     ,,publications ,,of 
,u4 ,s4 ,,department ,,of ,,agriculture 
,,relating ,,to ,,cattle4  ,,available  
,,for ,,free ,,distribution ,,by ,,the  
,,department4   ,vesicular ,stomatitis  
of ,horses and ,cattle4 7,department    
,bulletin #ffb47  ,hemorrhagic          
,septicemia4 7,department ,bulletin     

#fgd47  ,breeds of ,beef ,cattle4       
7,farmers' ,bulletin #fab47  ,the       
,feeding of ,dairy ,cows4 7,farmers'    
,bulletin #gdc47  ,feeding and          
,management of ,dairy ,calves and ,young
 ,dairy ,stock4 7,farmers' ,bulletin    
#ggg47  ,contagious ,abortion of        
,cattle4 7,farmers' ,bulletin #gij47    
,breeds of ,dairy ,cattle4 7,farmers'   
,bulletin #hic47  ,dehorning and        
,castrating ,cattle4 7,farmers'         
,bulletin #idi47  ,cattle ,scab4        
7,farmers' ,bulletin #ajag47            
,,determining ,,the ,,age ,,of ,,cattle 
,,by ,,the ,,teeth4   ,the age of cattle
 can be approximated closely by the     
appearance1 development1 and subsequent 
wear of their second incisor teeth4     
,cattle have eight incisor teeth1 all in
 the lower jaw4 ,in the calf at birth   
two or more of the temporary or first   
incisor teeth are present4 ,with the    
first month the entire eight incisors   
have appeared4  ,illustration3 ,,fig    
#a4--;,internal face of incisors of the 

calf4  ,as the animal approaches #b     
years of age the center pair of         
temporary incisor teeth or pinchers are 
replaced by the permanent pinchers which
 at #b years attain full development4   
,illustration3 ,,fig #b4--;,internal    
face of incisors at #b years4  ,at from 
#b-a_/b to #c years the permanent first 
intermediates are cut and are usually   
fully developed at #c years4            
,illustration3 ,,fig #c4--;,internal    
face of incisors at #c years4  ,at      
#c-a_/b years the second intermediates  
or laterals are cut4 ,they are on a     
level with the first intermediates and  
begin to wear at #d years4              
,illustration3 ,,fig #d4--;,internal    
face of incisors at #d years4  ,at      
#d-a_/b to #e years the corner teeth are
 replaced1 the animal at #e years having
 the full complement of incisors with   
the corners fully developed4            
,illustration3 ,,fig #e4--;,internal    
face of incisors at #e years4  ,at #e to
 #f years there is a leveling of the    

permanent pinchers1 the pinchers usually
 being leveled at six and both pairs of 
intermediates partially leveled and the 
corner incisors showing wear4  ,from    
seven to eight the pinchers are         
noticeably worn2 from eight to nine the 
middle pairs1 and by ten years the      
corner teeth4  ,after #f years the arch 
gradually loses its rounded contour and 
becomes nearly straight by the twelfth  
year4 ,in the meantime the teeth have   
gradually become triangular in shape1   
distinctly separated1 and show the      
progressive wearing to stubs4           
,illustration3 ,,fig #f4--;,internal    
face of incisors at #ab years4