,note3 = ?is onl9e edition ,i h mov$ ! ,table ( ,cont5ts to ! beg9n+ ( ! text & slightly modifi$ x to con=m ) ! onl9e =mat4 ,i h also made "o spell+ *ange3 om9isci5t intellig5ce to omnisci5t intellig5ce4 ,,! ,,s5se ,,( ,,beauty ,,be+ ,,! ,,outl9es ,,( ,,ae/hetic ,,!ory by ,,george ,,santayana ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons ,,new ,,york ,,*icago ,,bo/on ,,copyright1 #ahif1 ,,by ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,,cont5ts ,preface ,introduction ,! ,me?ods ( ,ae/hetics #a-ac ,"p ,i4 ,! ,nature ( ,beauty #a4 ,! philosophy ( beauty is a !ory ( values #ad #b4 ,pref]5ce is ultimately irrational #ah #c4 ,contra/ betwe5 moral & ae/hetic values #bh #d4 ,"w & play #be #e4 ,all values are 9 "o s5se ae/hetic #bh #f4 ,ae/hetic consecration ( g5]al pr9ciples #ca #g4 ,contra/ ( ae/hetic & physical pleasures #ce #h4 ,! diff]5tia ( ae/hetic pleasure n its dis9t]e/$ness #cg #i4 ,! diff]5tia ( ae/hetic pleasure n its univ]sality #dj #aj4 ,! diff]5tial ( ae/hetic pleasure3 its objectification #dd #aa4 ,! def9ition ( beauty #di ,"p ,,ii4 ,! ,mat]ials ( ,beauty #ab4 ,all human functions may contribute to ! s5se ( beauty #ec #ac4 ,! influ5ce ( ! passion ( love #ef #ad4 ,social in/9cts & _! ae/hetic influ5ce #fb #ae4 ,! l[] s5ses #fe #af4 ,s\nd #fh #ag4 ,col\r #gb #ah4 ,mat]ials survey$ #gf ,"p ,,iii4 ,=m #ai4 ,!re is a beauty ( =m #hb #bj4 ,physiology ( ! p]ception ( =m #he #ba4 ,values ( geometrical figures #hh #bb4 ,symmetry #ia #bc4 ,=m ! unity ( a manifold #ie #bd4 ,multiplicity 9 uni=mity #ig #be4 ,example ( ! />s #ajj #bf4 ,defects ( pure multiplicity #ajf #bg4 ,ae/hetics ( democracy #aaj #bh4 ,values ( types & values ( examples #aab #bi4 ,orig9 ( types #aaf #cj4 ,! av]age modifi$ 9 ! direction ( pleasure #aba #ca4 ,are all ?+s beautiful8 #abf #cb4 ,effects ( indet]m9ate =m #aca #cc4 ,example ( l&scape #acc #cd4 ,ext5sions to objects usually n reg>d$ ae/hetically #ach #ce4 ,fur!r dang]s ( indet]m9at5ess #adb #cf4 ,! illusion ( inf9ite p]fection #adf #cg4 ,organiz$ nature ! s\rce ( app]ceptive =ms #aeb #ch4 ,utility ! pr9ciple ( organization 9 nature #aee #ci4 ,! relation ( utility to beauty #aeg #dj4 ,utility ! pr9ciple ( organization 9 ! arts #afj #da4 ,=m & adv5titi\s ornam5t #afc #db4 ,syntactical =m #afg #db4 ,lit]>y =m4 ,! plot #aga #dd4 ,"* z an ae/hetic =m #agd #de4 ,ideal *>act]s #agf #df4 ,! religi\s imag9ation #ahj #dg4 ,pref]5ce is ultimately irrational #ahe ,"p ,,iv4 ,expression #dh4 ,expression def9$ #aib #di4 ,! associative process #aih #ej4 ,k9ds ( value 9 ! second t]m #bja #ea4 ,ae/hetic value 9 ! second t]m #bje #eb4 ,practical value 9 ! same #bjh #ec4 ,co/ z an elem5t ( effect #baa #ed4 ,! expression ( economy & fitness #bad #ee4 ,! au?ority ( morals ov] ae/hetics #bah #ef4 ,negative values 9 ! second t]m #bba #eg4 ,influ5ce ( ! fir/ t]m 9 ! pleas+ expression ( evil #bbf #eh4 ,mixture ( o!r expressions1 includ+ t ( tru? #bbh #ei4 ,! lib]ation ( self #bcc #fj4 ,! sublime indep5d5t ( ! expression ( evil #bci #fa4 ,! comic #bde #fb4 ,wit #bej #fc4 ,hum\r #bec #fd4 ,! grotesque #bef #fe4 ,! possibility ( f9ite p]fection #beh #ff4 ,! /ability ( ! ideal #bfc #fg4 ,conclusion #bff-bgj ,footnotes ,index #bga-bge ,,preface ,?is little "w conta9s ! *ief ideas ga!r$ toge!r = a c\rse ( lectures on ! !ory & hi/ory ( ae/hetics giv5 at ,h>v>d ,college f #ahib to #ahie4 ,! only orig9ality ,i c claim is t :i* may result f ! attempt to put toge!r ! scatt]$ commonplaces ( criticism into a sy/em1 "u ! inspiration ( a naturali/ic psy*ology4 ,i h /udi$ s9c]ity r ?an novelty1 & if any subject1 z = in/ance ! excell5ce ( trag$y1 is pres5t$ 9 a new light1 ! *ange consi/s only 9 ! /rict] application to a complex subject ( ! pr9ciples ackn[l$g$ to obta9 9 our simple judgm5ts4 ,my ef=t ?r\gh\t has be5 to recall ^? fundam5tal ae/hetic feel+s ! ord]ly ext5sion ( :i* yields sanity ( judgm5t & di/9ction ( ta/e4 ,! influ5ces "u :i* ! book has be5 writt5 are r too g5]al & p]vasive to admit ( specification2 yet ! /ud5t ( philosophy w n fail to p]ceive h[ mu* ,i owe to writ]s1 bo? liv+ & dead1 to :om no hon\r c\ld be add$ by my ackn[l$gm5ts4 ,i h usually omitt$ any ref]5ce to !m 9 foot-notes or 9 ! text1 9 ord] t ! air ( controv]sy might be avoid$1 & ! read] might be enabl$ to comp>e :at is said m directly ) ! reality ( 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,g4 ,s4 ,septemb]1 #aijf4 ,,introduction ,! s5se ( beauty has a m important place 9 life ?an ae/hetic !ory has ev] tak5 9 philosophy4 ,! pla/ic arts1 ) poetry & music1 are ! mo/ conspicu\s monum5ts ( ?is human int]e/1 because !y appeal only to contemplation1 & yet h attract$ to _! s]vice1 9 all civiliz$ ages1 an am\nt ( ef=t1 g5ius1 & hon\r1 little inf]ior to t giv5 to indu/ry1 w>1 or religion4 ,! f9e arts1 h[ev]1 :]e ae/hetic feel+ appe>s almo/ pure1 are by no means ! only sph]e 9 :i* m5 %[ _! susceptibility to beauty4 ,9 all products ( human indu/ry we notice ! ke5ness ) :i* ! eye is attract$ to ! m]e appe>ance ( ?+s3 great sacrifices ( "t & lab\r are made to x 9 ! mo/ vulg> manufactures2 nor does man select 8 dwell+1 8 clo!s1 or 8 companions )\t ref]5ce to _! effect on 8 ae/hetic s5ses4 ,( late we h ev5 le>n$ t ! =ms ( _m animals are due to ! survival by sexual selection ( ! col\rs & =ms mo/ attractive to ! eye4 ,!re mu/ !re=e be 9 our nature a v radical & wide-spread t5d5cy to obs]ve beauty1 & to value x4 ,no acc\nt ( ! pr9ciples ( ! m9d c be at all adequate t passes ov] s conspicu\s a faculty4 ,t ae/hetic !ory has receiv$ s little att5tion f ! _w is n due to ! unimportance ( ! subject ( :i* x treats1 b r to lack ( an adequate motive = speculat+ ^u x1 & to ! small success ( ! occasional ef=ts to deal ) x4 ,absolute curiosity1 & love ( compreh5sion = its own sake1 are n passions we h mu* leisure to indulge3 !y require n only fre$om f affairs b1 :at is m r>e1 fre$om f prepossessions & f ! hatr$ ( all ideas t d n make = ! habitual goal ( our ?\ght4 ,n[1 :at has *iefly ma9ta9$ su* speculation z ! _w has se5 has be5 ei!r !ological passion or practical use4 ,all we f9d1 = example1 writt5 ab\t beauty may be divid$ into two gr\ps3 t gr\p ( writ+s 9 :i* philosoph]s h int]pret$ ae/hetic facts 9 ! light ( _! metaphysical pr9ciples1 & made ( _! !ory ( ta/e a coroll>y or footnote to _! sy/ems2 & t gr\p 9 :i* arti/s & critics h v5tur$ into philosophic gr\nd1 by g5]aliz+ some:at ! maxims ( ! craft or ! comm5ts ( ! s5sitive obs]v]4 ,a treatm5t ( ! subject at once direct & !oretic has be5 v r>e3 ! problems ( nature & morals h attract$ ! reason]s1 & ! description & creation ( beauty h absorb$ ! arti/s2 betwe5 ! two reflection ^u ae/hetic exp]i5ce has rema9$ abortive or incoh]5t4 ,a circum/ance t has also contribut$ to ! abs5ce or to ! failure ( ae/hetic speculation is ! subjectivity ( ! ph5om5on ) :i* x deals4 ,man has a prejudice aga9/ himself3 any?+ :i* is a product ( 8 m9d seems to him to be unreal or comp>atively insignificant4 ,we are satisfi$ only :5 we fancy ourselves surr\nd$ by objects & laws indep5d5t ( our nature4 ,! anci5ts long speculat$ ab\t ! con/itution ( ! univ]se be=e !y became aw>e ( t m9d :i* is ! in/rum5t ( all speculation4 ,! mod]ns1 also1 ev5 )9 ! field ( psy*ology1 h /udi$ fir/ ! function ( p]ception & ! !ory ( k1 by :i* we seem to be in=m$ ab\t ext]nal ?+s2 !y h 9 comp>ison neglect$ ! exclusively subjective & human dep>tm5t ( imag9ation & emotion4 ,we h /ill to recognize 9 practice ! tru? t f ^! despis$ feel+s ( ours ! great _w ( p]ception d]ives all its value1 if n also its exi/5ce4 ,?+s are int]e/+ because we c>e ab\t !m1 & important because we ne$ !m4 ,_h our p]ceptions no connexion ) our pleasures1 we %\ld soon close our eyes on ?is _w2 if our intellig5ce 7 ( no s]vice to our passions1 we %\ld come to d\bt1 9 ! lazy fre$om ( rev]ie1 :e!r two & two make f\r4 ,yet s /rong is ! popul> s5se ( ! unwor?9ess & insignificance ( ?+s purely emotional1 t ^? :o h tak5 moral problems to he>t & felt _! dignity h (t5 be5 l$ into attempts to discov] "s ext]nal "r & beauty ( :i*1 our moral & ae/hetic feel+s %\ld be p]ceptions or discov]ies1 j z our intellectual activity is1 9 m5's op9ion1 a p]ception or discov]y ( ext]nal fact4 ,^! philosoph]s seem to feel t unless moral & ae/hetic judgm5ts are expressions ( objective tru?1 & n m]ely expressions ( human nature1 !y /& condemn$ ( hopeless triviality4 ,a judgm5t is n trivial1 h[ev]1 because x re/s on human feel+s2 on ! contr>y1 triviality consi/s 9 ab/raction f human int]e/s2 only ^? judgm5ts & op9ions are truly insignificant :i* w&] beyond ! rea* ( v]ification1 & h no function 9 ! ord]+ & enri*+ ( life4 ,bo? e?ics & ae/hetics h suff]$ mu* f ! prejudice aga9/ ! subjective4 ,!y h n suff]$ m because bo? h a subject-matt] :i* is p>tly objective4 ,e?ics deals ) conduct z mu* z ) emotion1 & !re=e consid]s ! causes ( ev5ts & _! consequ5ces z well z our judgm5ts ( _! value4 ,e/hetics also is apt to include ! hi/ory & philosophy ( art1 & to add mu* descriptive & critical matt] to ! !ory ( our susceptibility to beauty4 ,a c]ta9 confusion is !reby introduc$ into ^! inquiries1 b at ! same "t ! discussion is enliv5$ by excursions into neighb\r+ prov9ces1 p]haps m int]e/+ to ! g5]al read]4 ,we may1 h[ev]1 di/+ui% ?ree di/9ct elem5ts ( e?ics & ae/hetics1 & ?ree diff]5t ways ( approa*+ ! subject4 ,! fir/ is ! ex]cise ( ! moral or ae/hetic faculty itself1 ! actual pron\nc+ ( judgm5t & giv+ ( praise1 blame1 & precept4 ,?is is n a matt] ( sci5ce b ( "*1 en?usiasm1 nic5ess ( p]ception1 & f95ess ( emotion4 ,x is ae/hetic or moral activity1 :ile e?ics & ae/hetics1 z sci5ces1 are intellectual activities1 hav+ t ae/hetic or moral activity = _! subject-matt]4 ,! second me?od consi/s 9 ! hi/orical explanation ( conduct or ( art z a "p ( an?ropology1 & seeks to discov] ! conditions ( v>i\s types ( "*1 =ms ( polity1 conceptions ( ju/ice1 & s*ools ( criticism & ( art4 ,( ?is nature is a great deal ( :at has be5 writt5 on ae/hetics4 ,! philosophy ( art has (t5 prov$ a m tempt+ subject ?an ! psy*ology ( ta/e1 especially to m9ds :i* 7 n s mu* fasc9at$ by beauty itself z by ! curi\s problem ( ! arti/ic in/9ct 9 man & ( ! div]sity ( its manife/ations 9 hi/ory4 ,! ?ird me?od 9 e?ics & ae/hetics is psy*ological1 z ! o!r two are respectively didactic & hi/orical4 ,x deals ) moral & ae/hetic judgm5ts z ph5om5a ( m9d & products ( m5tal evolution4 ,! problem "h is to und]/& ! orig9 & conditions ( ^! feel+s & _! relation to ! re/ ( our economy4 ,su* an inquiry1 if pursu$ successfully1 w\ld yield an und]/&+ ( ! reason :y we ?9k any?+ "r or beautiful1 wrong or ugly1 x w\ld ?us reveal ! roots ( consci5ce & ta/e 9 human nature & enable u to di/+ui% transitory pref]5ces & ideals1 :i* re/ on peculi> conditions1 f ^? :i*1 spr++ f ^? elem5ts ( m9d :i* all m5 %>e1 are comp>atively p]man5t & univ]sal4 ,to ?is inquiry1 z f> z x conc]ns ae/hetics1 ! foll[+ pages are devot$4 ,no attempt w be made ei!r to impose p>ticul> appreciations or to trace ! hi/ory ( art & criticism4 ,! discussion w be limit$ to ! nature & elem5ts ( our ae/hetic judgm5ts4 ,x is a !oretical inquiry & has no directly hortatory quality4 ,yet insight into ! basis ( our pref]5ces1 if x c\ld be ga9$1 w\ld n fail to h a good & purify+ influ5ce ^u !m4 ,x w\ld %[ u ! futility ( a dogmatism t w\ld impose ^u ano!r man judgm5ts & emotions = :i* ! ne$$ soil is lack+ 9 8 con/itution & exp]i5ce2 & at ! same "t x w\ld relieve u ( any undue diffid5ce or excessive tol]ance t[>ds ab]rations ( ta/e1 :5 we "k :at are ! broad] gr\nds ( pref]5ce & ! habits t make = great] & m div]sifi$ ae/hetic enjoym5t4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh no?+ has commonly be5 less attractive ?an treatises on beauty or less a guide to ta/e ?an disquisitions ^u x1 we may yet hope = "s n m]ely !oretical ga9 f ^! /udies4 ,!y h rema9$ s (t5 )\t practical influ5ce because !y h be5 pursu$ "u unfav\rable conditions4 ,! writ]s h g5]ally be5 audaci\s metaphysicians & some:at incompet5t critics2 !y h repres5t$ g5]al & obscure pr9ciples1 sugge/$ by o!r p>ts ( _! philosophy1 z ! conditions ( arti/ic excell5ce & ! ess5ce ( beauty4 ,b if ! inquiry is kept close to ! facts ( feel+1 we may hope t ! result+ !ory may h a cl>ify+ effect on ! exp]i5ce on :i* x is bas$4 ,t is1 aft] all1 ! use ( !ory4 ,if :5 a !ory is bad x n>r[s our capacity = obs]vation & makes all appreciation vic>i\s & =mal1 :5 x is good x reacts fav\rably ^u our p[]s1 guides ! att5tion to :at is really capable ( af=d+ ent]ta9m5t1 & increases1 by =ce ( new analogies1 ! range ( our int]e/s4 ,speculation is an evil if x imposes a =eign organization on our m5tal life2 x is a good if x only br+s to light1 & makes m p]fect by tra9+1 ! organization already inh]5t 9 x4 ,we %all !re=e /udy human s5sibility itself & our actual feel+s ab\t beauty1 & we %all look = no deep]1 unconsci\s causes ( our ae/hetic consci\sness4 ,su* value z belongs to metaphysical d]ivations ( ! nature ( ! beautiful1 comes to !m n because !y expla9 our prim>y feel+s1 :i* !y _c d1 b because !y express1 & 9 fact con/itute1 "s ( our lat] appreciations4 ,!re is no explanation1 = in/ance1 9 call+ beauty an adumbration ( div9e attributes4 ,su* a relation1 if x 7 actual1 w\ld n help u at all to und]/& :y ! symbols ( div9ity pleas$4 ,b 9 c]ta9 mom5ts ( contemplation1 :5 mu* emotional exp]i5ce lies beh9d u1 & we h rea*$ v g5]al ideas bo? ( nature & ( life1 our delight 9 any p>ticul> object may consi/ 9 no?+ b ! ?\ght t ?is object is a manife/ation ( univ]sal pr9ciples4 ,! blue sky may come to please *iefly because x seems ! image ( a s]5e consci5ce1 or ( ! et]nal y\? & purity ( nature aft] a ?\s& p>tial corruptions4 ,b ?is expressiv5ess ( ! sky is due to c]ta9 qualities ( ! s5sation1 :i* b9d x to all ?+s happy & pure1 &1 9 a m9d 9 :i* ! ess5ce ( purity & happ9ess is embodi$ 9 an idea ( ,god1 b9d x also to t idea4 ,s x may happ5 t ! mo/ arbitr>y & unreal !ories1 :i* mu/ be reject$ z g5]al explanations ( ae/hetic life1 may be re9/at$ z p>ticul> mom5ts ( x4 ,^? intuitions :i* we call ,platonic are seldom sci5tific1 !y seldom expla9 ! ph5om5a or hit ^u ! actual law ( ?+s1 b !y are (t5 ! highe/ expression ( t activity :i* !y fail to make compreh5sible4 ,! ador+ lov] _c und]/& ! natural hi/ory ( love2 = he is all 9 all at ! la/ & supreme /age ( its developm5t4 ,h5ce ! _w has always be5 puzzl$ 9 its judgm5t ( ! ,platoni/s2 _! !ories are s extravagant1 yet _! wisdom seems s great4 ,platonism is a v ref9$ & beautiful expression ( our natural in/9cts1 x embodies consci5ce & utt]s our inmo/ hopes4 ,platonic philosoph]s h !re=e a natural au?ority1 z /&+ on heights to :i* ! vulg> _c atta91 b to :i* !y naturally & half-consci\sly aspire4 ,:5 a man tells y t beauty is ! manife/ation ( ,god to ! s5ses1 y wi% y might und]/& him1 y grope = a deep tru? 9 8 obscurity1 y hon\r him = 8 elevation ( m9d1 & y\r respect may ev5 induce y to ass5t to :at he says z to an intelligible proposition4 ,y\r ?\ght may 9 consequ5ce be dom9at$ ev] aft] by a v]bal dogma1 ar\nd :i* all y\r sympa?ies & antipa?ies w quickly ga!r1 & ! less y h p5etrat$ ! orig9al s5se ( y\r cre$1 ! m absolutely w y believe x4 ,y w h foll[$ ,mephi/opheles' advice3 -- ,im ganz5 haltet eu* an ,worte1 ,s geht eu* dur* die si*]e ,p=te ,zum ,tempel d] ,gewis%eit e94 ,yet reflection might h %[n y t ! ^w ( ! ma/] held no objective acc\nt ( ! nature & orig9 ( beauty1 b 0 ! vague expression ( 8 highly complex emotions4 ,x is "o ( ! attributes ( ,god1 "o ( ! p]fections :i* we contemplate 9 our idea ( him1 t !re is no duality or opposition betwe5 8 w & 8 vision1 betwe5 ! impulses ( 8 nature & ! ev5ts ( 8 life4 ,?is is :at we commonly designate z omnipot5ce & creation4 ,n[1 9 ! contemplation ( beauty1 our faculties ( p]ception h ! same p]fection3 x is inde$ f ! exp]i5ce ( beauty & happ9ess1 f ! occasional h>mony betwe5 our nature & our environm5t1 t we draw our conception ( ! div9e life4 ,!re is1 !n1 a real propriety 9 call+ beauty a manife/ation ( ,god to ! s5ses1 s9ce1 9 ! region ( s5se1 ! p]ception ( beauty exemplifies t adequacy & p]fection :i* 9 g5]al we objectify 9 an idea ( ,god4 ,b ! m9ds t dwell 9 ! atmosph]e ( ^! analogies are h>dly ^? t w c>e to ask :at are ! conditions & ! v>ieties ( ?is p]fection ( function1 9 o!r words1 h[ x comes ab\t t we p]ceive beauty at all1 or h any inkl+ ( div9ity4 ,only ! o!r philosoph]s1 ^? t wall[ 9 ,epicurus' /y1 "k any?+ ab\t ! latt] "q4 ,b x is easi] to be impress$ ?an to be in/ruct$1 & ! public is v ready to believe t :]e !re is noble language n )\t obscurity !re mu/ be pr(\nd k4 ,we %\ld di/+ui%1 h[ev]1 ! two di/9ct dem&s 9 ! case4 ,"o is = compreh5sion2 we look = ! !ory ( a human function :i* mu/ cov] all possible cases ( its ex]cise1 :e!r noble or base4 ,?is ! ,platoni/s utt]ly fail to give u4 ,! o!r dem& is = inspiration2 we wi% to be n\ri%$ by ! maxims & confessions ( an exalt$ m9d1 9 :om ! ae/hetic function is pre-em95t4 ,by respond+ to ?is dem& ! same ?9k]s may w9 our admiration4 ,to feel beauty is a bett] ?+ ?an to und]/& h[ we come to feel x4 ,to h imag9ation & ta/e1 to love ! be/1 to be c>ri$ by ! contemplation ( nature to a vivid fai? 9 ! ideal1 all ?is is m1 a great deal m1 ?an any sci5ce c hope to be4 ,! poets & philosoph]s :o express ?is ae/hetic exp]i5ce & /imulate ! same function 9 u by _! example1 d a great] s]vice to mank9d & des]ve high] hon\r ?an ! discov]]s ( hi/orical tru?4 ,reflection is inde$ a "p ( life1 b ! la/ "p4 ,its specific value consi/s 9 ! satisfaction ( curiosity1 9 ! smoo?+ out & explanation ( ?+s3 b ! greate/ pleasure :i* we actually get f reflection is borr[$ f ! exp]i5ce on :i* we reflect4 ,we d n (t5 indulge 9 retrospect = ! sake ( a sci5tific k ( human life1 b r to revive ! memories ( :at once 0 de>4 ,& ,i %\ld h little hope ( int]e/+ ! read] 9 ! pres5t analyses1 did ,i n rely on ! attractions ( a subject associat$ ) s _m ( 8 pleasures4 ,b ! recognition ( ! sup]iority ( ae/hetics 9 exp]i5ce to ae/hetics 9 !ory ought n to make u accept z an explanation ( ae/hetic feel+ :at is 9 tru? only an expression ( x4 ,:5 ,plato tells u ( ! et]nal ideas 9 con=mity to :i* all excell5ce consi/s1 he is mak+ himself ! spokesman ( ! moral consci\sness4 ,our consci5ce & ta/e e/abli% ^! ideals2 to make a judgm5t is virtually to e/abli% an ideal1 & all ideals are absolute & et]nal = ! judgm5t t involves !m1 because 9 f9d+ & decl>+ a ?+ good or beautiful1 our s5t5ce is categorical1 & ! /&>d evok$ by our judgm5t is = t case intr9sic & ultimate4 ,b at ! next mom5t1 :5 ! m9d is on ano!r foot+1 a new ideal is evok$1 no less absolute = ! pres5t judgm5t ?an ! old ideal 0 = ! previ\s "o4 ,if we are !n express+ our feel+ & confess+ :at happ5s to u :5 we judge1 we %all be q "r 9 say+ t we h always an absolute ideal be=e u1 & t value lies 9 con=mity ) t ideal4 ,s1 also1 if we try to def9e t ideal1 we %all h>dly be able to say ( x any?+ less noble & m def9ite ?an t x is ! embodim5t ( an inf9ite good4 ,= x is t incommunicable & illusive excell5ce t haunts e beautiful ?+1 & l a /> ,beacons f ! abode :]e ! et]nal are4 ,= ! expression ( ?is exp]i5ce we %\ld g to ! poets1 to ! m inspir$ critics1 & be/ ( all to ! immortal p>ables ( ,plato4 ,b if :at we desire is to increase our k r ?an to cultivate our s5sibility1 we %\ld d well to close all ^? delightful books2 = we %all n f9d any in/ruction !re ^u ! que/ions :i* mo/ press ^u u2 namely1 h[ an ideal is =m$ 9 ! m9d1 h[ a giv5 object is comp>$ ) x1 :at is ! common elem5t 9 all beautiful ?+s1 & :at ! sub/ance ( ! absolute ideal 9 :i* all ideals t5d to be lo/2 &1 f9ally1 h[ we come to be s5sitive to beauty at all1 or to value x4 ,^! que/ions mu/ be capable ( answ]s1 if any sci5ce ( human nature is really possible4 -- ,s f>1 !n1 are we f ignor+ ! insight ( ! ,platoni/s1 t we hope to expla9 x1 & 9 a s5se to ju/ify x1 by %[+ t x is ! natural & sometimes ! supreme expression ( ! common pr9ciples ( our nature4 ,,"p ,i ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,beauty ,! philosophy ( beauty is a !ory ( values4 #a4 ,x w\ld be easy to f9d a def9ition ( beauty t %\ld give 9 a few words a tell+ p>aphrase ( ! ^w4 ,we "k on excell5t au?ority t beauty is tru?1 t x is ! expression ( ! ideal1 ! symbol ( div9e p]fection1 & ! s5sible manife/ation ( ! good4 ,a litany ( ^! titles ( hon\r might easily be compil$1 & repeat$ 9 praise ( our div9ity4 ,su* phrases /imulate ?\ght & give u a mom5t>y pleasure1 b !y h>dly br+ any p]man5t enlight5m5t4 ,a def9ition t %\ld really def9e mu/ be no?+ less ?an ! exposition ( ! orig91 place1 & elem5ts ( beauty z an object ( human exp]i5ce4 ,we mu/ le>n f x1 z f> z possible1 :y1 :51 & h[ beauty appe>s1 :at conditions an object mu/ fulfil to be beautiful1 :at elem5ts ( our nature make u s5sible ( beauty1 & :at ! relation is betwe5 ! con/itution ( ! object & ! excitem5t ( our susceptibility4 ,no?+ less w really def9e beauty or make u und]/& :at ae/hetic appreciation is4 ,! def9ition ( beauty 9 ?is s5se w be ! task ( ?is :ole book1 a task t c be only v imp]fectly accompli%$ )9 its limits4 ,! hi/orical titles ( our subject may give u a h9t t[>ds ! beg9n+ ( su* a def9ition4 ,_m writ]s ( ! la/ c5tury call$ ! philosophy ( beauty ,criticism1 & ! ^w is /ill reta9$ z ! title = ! reason$ appreciation ( works ( art4 ,we c\ld h>dly speak1 h[ev]1 ( delight 9 nature z criticism4 ,a sunset is n criticis$2 x is felt & enjoy$4 ,! ^w criticism1 us$ on su* an occasion1 w\ld emphasize too mu* ! elem5t ( delib]ate judgm5t & ( comp>ison ) /&>ds4 ,beauty1 al?\gh (t5 s describ$1 is seldom s p]ceiv$1 & all ! greate/ excell5ces ( nature & art are s f> f be+ approv$ ( by a rule t !y !mselves furni% ! /&>d & ideal by :i* critics measure inf]ior effects4 ,?is age ( sci5ce & ( nom5clature has accord+ly adopt$ a m le>n$ ^w1 ,ae/hetics1 t is1 ! !ory ( p]ception or ( susceptibility4 ,if criticism is too n>r[ a ^w1 po9t+ exclusively to our m artificial judgm5ts1 ae/hetics seems to be too broad & to include )9 its sph]e all pleasures & pa9s1 if n all p]ceptions :atsoev]4 ,kant us$ x1 z we "k1 = 8 !ory ( "t & space z =ms ( all p]ception2 & x has at times be5 n>r[$ into an equival5t = ! philosophy ( art4 ,if we comb9e1 h[ev]1 ! etymological mean+ ( criticism ) t ( ae/hetics1 we %all unite two ess5tial qualities ( ! !ory ( beauty4 ,criticism implies judgm5t1 & ae/hetics p]ception4 ,to get ! common gr\nd1 t ( p]ceptions :i* are critical1 or judgm5ts :i* are p]ceptions1 we mu/ wid5 our notion ( delib]ate criticism s z to include ^? judgm5ts ( value :i* are in/9ctive & imm$iate1 t is1 to include pleasures & pa9s2 & at ! same "t we mu/ n>r[ our notion ( ae/hetics s z to exclude all p]ceptions :i* are n appreciations1 :i* d n f9d a value 9 _! objects4 ,we ?us rea* ! sph]e ( critical or appreciative p]ception1 :i* is1 r\ghly speak+1 :at we mean to deal )4 ,& reta9+ ! ^w ae/hetics1 :i* is n[ curr5t1 we may !re=e say t ae/hetics is conc]n$ ) ! p]ception ( values4 ,! mean+ & conditions ( value is1 !n1 :at we mu/ fir/ consid]4 ,s9ce ! days ( ,desc>tes x has be5 a conception famili> to philosoph]s t e visible ev5t 9 nature might be expla9$ by previ\s visible ev5ts1 & t all ! motions1 = in/ance1 ( ! tongue 9 spee*1 or ( ! h& 9 pa9t+1 might h m]ely physical causes4 ,if consci\sness is ?us accessory to life & n ess5tial to x1 ! race ( man might h exi/$ ^u ! e>? & acquir$ all ! arts necess>y = its subsi/5ce )\t possess+ a s+le s5sation1 idea1 or emotion4 ,natural selection might h secur$ ! survival ( ^? automata :i* made useful reactions ^u _! environm5t4 ,an in/9ct ( self-pres]vation w\ld h be5 develop$1 dang]s w\ld h be5 %unn$ )\t be+ fe>$1 & injuries rev5g$ )\t be+ felt4 ,9 su* a _w !re might h come to be ! mo/ p]fect organization4 ,!re w\ld h be5 :at we %\ld call ! expression ( ! deepe/ int]e/s & ! app>5t pursuit ( conceiv$ goods4 ,= !re w\ld h be5 spontane\s & +ra9$ t5d5cies to avoid c]ta9 cont+5cies & to produce o!rs2 all ! dumb %[ & evid5ce ( ?9k+ w\ld h be5 pat5t to ! obs]v]4 ,yet !re w\ld surely h be5 no ?9k+1 no expectation1 & no consci\s a*ievem5t 9 ! :ole process4 ,! onlook] might h feign$ ends & objects ( =e?\ght1 z we d 9 ! case ( ! wat] t seeks its own level1 or 9 t ( ! vacuum :i* nature abhors4 ,b ! p>ticles ( matt] w\ld h rema9$ unconsci\s ( _! collocation1 & all nature w\ld h be5 ins5sible ( _! *ang+ arrangem5t4 ,we only1 ! possible spectators ( t process1 by virtue ( our own int]e/s & habits1 c\ld see any progress or culm9ation 9 x4 ,we %\ld see culm9ation :]e ! result atta9$ satisfi$ our practical or ae/hetic dem&s1 & progress :]ev] su* a satisfaction 0 approa*$4 ,b ap>t f ourselves1 & our human bias1 we c see 9 su* a me*anical _w no elem5t ( value :atev]4 ,9 remov+ consci\sness1 we h remov$ ! possibility ( wor?4 ,b x is n only 9 ! abs5ce ( all consci\sness t value w\ld be remov$ f ! _w2 by a less viol5t ab/raction f ! totality ( human exp]i5ce1 we might conceive be+s ( a purely intellectual ca/1 m9ds 9 :i* ! trans=mations ( nature 7 mirror$ )\t any emotion4 ,e ev5t w\ld !n be not$1 its relations w\ld be obs]v$1 its recurr5ce might ev5 be expect$2 b all ?is w\ld happ5 )\t a %ad[ ( desire1 ( pleasure1 or ( regret4 ,no ev5t w\ld be repulsive1 no situation t]rible4 ,we might1 9 a ^w1 h a _w ( idea )\t a _w ( w4 ,9 ?is case1 z completely z if consci\sness 7 abs5t altoge!r1 all value & excell5ce w\ld be gone4 ,s t = ! exi/5ce ( good 9 any =m x is n m]ely consci\sness b emotional consci\sness t is ne$$4 ,obs]vation w n d1 appreciation is requir$4 ,pref]5ce is ultimately irrational4 #b4 ,we may !re=e at once ass]t ?is axiom1 important = all moral philosophy & fatal to c]ta9 /ubborn incoh]5ces ( ?\ght1 t !re is no value ap>t f "s appreciation ( x1 & no good ap>t f "s pref]5ce ( x be=e its abs5ce or its opposite4 ,9 appreciation1 9 pref]5ce1 lies ! root & ess5ce ( all excell5ce4 ,or1 z ,sp9oza cle>ly expresses x1 we desire no?+ because x is good1 b x is good only because we desire x4 ,x is true t 9 ! abs5ce ( an in/9ctive reaction we c /ill apply ^! epi!ts by an appeal to usage4 ,we may agree t an action is bad1 or a build+ good1 because we recognize 9 !m a "* :i* we h le>n$ to designate by t adjective2 b unless !re is 9 u "s trace ( passionate reprobation or ( s5sible delight1 !re is no moral or ae/hetic judgm5t4 ,x is all a "q ( propriety ( spee*1 & ( ! empty titles ( ?+s4 ,! v]bal & me*anical proposition1 t passes = judgm5t ( wor?1 is ! great cloak ( ineptitude 9 ^! matt]s4 ,ins5sibility is v quick 9 ! conv5tional use ( words4 ,if we appeal$ m (t5 to actual feel+1 our judgm5ts w\ld be m div]se1 b !y w\ld be m legitimate & in/ructive4 ,v]bal judgm5ts are (t5 useful in/rum5ts ( ?\ght1 b x is n by !m t wor? c ultimately be det]m9$4 ,values spr+ f ! imm$iate & inexplicable reaction ( vital impulse1 & f ! irrational "p ( our nature4 ,! rational "p is by its ess5ce relative2 x leads u f data to conclusions1 or f p>ts to :oles2 x nev] furni%es ! data ) :i* x works4 ,if any pref]5ce or precept 7 decl>$ to be ultimate & primitive1 x w\ld !reby be decl>$ to be irrational1 s9ce m$iation1 inf]5ce1 & syn!sis are ! ess5ce ( rationality4 ,! ideal ( rationality is itself z arbitr>y1 z mu* dep5d5t on ! ne$s ( a f9ite organization1 z any o!r ideal4 ,only z ultimately secur+ tranquillity ( m9d1 :i* ! philosoph] in/9ctively pursues1 has x = him any necessity4 ,9 spite ( ! v]bal propriety ( say+ t reason dem&s rationality1 :at really dem&s rationality1 :at makes x a good & indisp5sable ?+ & gives x all its au?ority1 is n its own nature1 b our ne$ ( x bo? 9 safe & economical action & 9 ! pleasures ( compreh5sion4 ,x is evid5t t beauty is a species ( value1 & :at we h said ( value 9 g5]al applies to ?is p>ticul> k9d4 ,a fir/ approa* to a def9ition ( beauty has !re=e be5 made by ! exclusion ( all intellectual judgm5ts1 all judgm5ts ( matt] ( fact or ( relation4 ,to sub/itute judgm5ts ( fact = judgm5ts ( value1 is a sign ( a p$antic & borr[$ criticism4 ,if we approa* a "w ( art or nature sci5tifically1 = ! sake ( its hi/orical connexions or prop] classification1 we d n approa* x ae/hetically4 ,! discov]y ( its date or ( its au?or may be o!rwise int]e/+2 x only remotely affects our ae/hetic appreciation by add+ to ! direct effect c]ta9 associations4 ,if ! direct effect 7 abs5t1 & ! object 9 itself un9t]e/+1 ! circum/ances w\ld be immat]ial4 ,molire's ,misan?rope says to ! c\rt poet :o comm5ds 8 sonnet z writt5 9 a qu>t] ( an h\r1 ,voyons1 monsieur1 le temps ne fait ri5 l'affaire1 & s we might say to ! critic t s9ks into ! ar*aeologi/1 %[ u ! "w1 & let ! date alone4 ,9 an opposite direction ! same sub/itution ( facts = values makes its appe>ance1 :5ev] ! reproduction ( fact is made ! sole /&>d ( arti/ic excell5ce4 ,_m half-tra9$ obs]v]s condemn ! "w ( "s nave or fanciful ma/]s ) a sne]1 because1 z !y truly say1 x is out ( draw+4 ,! implication is t to be correctly copi$ f a model is ! pr]equisite ( all beauty4 ,correctness is1 inde$1 an elem5t ( effect & "o :i*1 9 respect to famili> objects1 is almo/ indisp5sable1 because its abs5ce w\ld cause a disappo9tm5t & dissatisfaction incompatible ) enjoym5t4 ,we le>n to value tru? m & m z our love & k ( nature increase4 ,b fidelity is a m]it only because x is 9 ?is way a factor 9 our pleasure4 ,x /&s on a level ) all o!r +r$i5ts ( effect4 ,:5 a man raises x to a solit>y pre-em95ce & becomes incapable ( appreciat+ any?+ else1 he betrays ! decay ( ae/hetic capacity4 ,! sci5tific habit 9 him inhibits ! arti/ic4 ,t facts h a value ( _! own1 at once complicates & expla9s ?is "q4 ,we are naturally pleas$ by e p]ception1 & recognition & surprise are p>ticul>ly acute s5sations4 ,:5 we see a /rik+ tru? 9 any imitation1 we are !re=e delight$1 & ?is k9d ( pleasure is v legitimate1 & ent]s into ! be/ effects ( all ! repres5tative arts4 ,tru? & realism are !re=e ae/hetically good1 b !y are n all-suffici5t1 s9ce ! repres5tation ( ev]y?+ is n equally pleas+ & effective4 ,! fact t resemblance is a s\rce ( satisfaction ju/ifies ! critic 9 dem&+ x1 :ile ! ae/hetic insuffici5cy ( su* v]acity %[s ! diff]5t value ( tru? 9 sci5ce & 9 art4 ,sci5ce is ! response to ! dem& = in=mation1 & 9 x we ask = ! :ole tru? & no?+ b ! tru?4 ,art is ! response to ! dem& = ent]ta9m5t1 = ! /imulation ( our s5ses & imag9ation1 & tru? ent]s into x only z x subs]ves ^! ends4 ,ev5 ! sci5tific value ( tru? is n1 h[ev]1 ultimate or absolute4 ,x re/s p>tly on practical1 p>tly on ae/hetic int]e/s4 ,z our ideas are gradually br\ght into con=mity ) ! facts by ! pa9ful process ( selection1 -- = intuition runs equally into tru? & into error1 & c settle no?+ if n controll$ by exp]i5ce1 -- we ga9 va/ly 9 our comm& ov] our environm5t4 ,?is is ! fundam5tal value ( natural sci5ce1 & ! fruit x is yield+ 9 our day4 ,we h no bett] vision ( nature & life ?an "s ( our pr$ecessors1 b we h great] mat]ial res\rces4 ,to "k ! tru? ab\t ! composition & hi/ory ( ?+s is good = ?is reason4 ,x is also good because ( ! enl>g$ horizon x gives u1 because ! spectacle ( nature is a m>vell\s & fasc9at+ "o1 full ( a s]i\s sadness & l>ge peace1 :i* gives u back our bir?right z *ildr5 ( ! planet & naturalizes u ^u ! e>?4 ,?is is ! poetic value ( ! sci5tific ,weltans*auung4 ,f ^! two b5efits1 ! practical & ! imag9ative1 all ! value ( tru? is d]iv$4 ,ae/hetic & moral judgm5ts are accord+ly to be class$ toge!r 9 contra/ to judgm5ts intellectual2 !y are bo? judgm5ts ( value1 :ile intellectual judgm5ts are judgm5ts ( fact4 ,if ! latt] h any value1 x is only d]ivative1 & our :ole intellectual life has its only ju/ification 9 its connexion ) our pleasures & pa9s4 ,contra/ betwe5 moral & ae/hetic values4 #c4 ,! relation betwe5 ae/hetic & moral judgm5ts1 betwe5 ! sph]es ( ! beautiful & ! good1 is close1 b ! di/9ction betwe5 !m is important4 ,"o factor ( ?is di/9ction is t :ile ae/hetic judgm5ts are ma9ly positive1 t is1 p]ceptions ( good1 moral judgm5ts are ma9ly & fundam5tally negative1 or p]ceptions ( evil4 ,ano!r factor ( ! di/9ction is t :]eas1 9 ! p]ception ( beauty1 our judgm5t is necess>ily intr9sic & bas$ on ! "* ( ! imm$iate exp]i5ce1 & nev] consci\sly on ! idea ( an ev5tual utility 9 ! object1 judgm5ts ab\t moral wor?1 on ! contr>y1 are always bas$1 :5 !y are positive1 ^u ! consci\sness ( b5efits probably involv$4 ,bo? ^! di/9ctions ne$ "s elucidation4 ,h$oni/ic e?ics h always _h to /ruggle aga9/ ! moral s5se ( mank9d4 ,e>ne/ m9ds1 t feel ! weight & dignity ( life1 rebel aga9/ ! ass]tion t ! aim ( "r conduct is enjoym5t4 ,pleasure usually appe>s to !m z a temptation1 & !y sometimes g s f> z to make avoidance ( x a virtue4 ,! tru? is t morality is n ma9ly conc]n$ ) ! atta9m5t ( pleasure2 x is r conc]n$1 9 all its deep] & m au?oritative maxims1 ) ! prev5tion ( suff]+4 ,!re is some?+ artificial 9 ! delib]ate pursuit ( pleasure2 !re is some?+ absurd 9 ! obligation to enjoy oneself4 ,we feel no duty 9 t direction2 we take to enjoym5t naturally en\gh aft] ! "w ( life is done1 & ! fre$om & spontaneity ( our pleasures is :at is mo/ ess5tial to !m4 ,! sad bus9ess ( life is r to escape c]ta9 dreadful evils to :i* our nature exposes u1 -- dea?1 hung]1 disease1 we>9ess1 isolation1 & contempt4 ,by ! awful au?ority ( ^! ?+s1 :i* /& l spectres beh9d e moral injunction1 consci5ce 9 reality speaks1 & a m9d :i* !y h duly impress$ _c b feel1 by contra/1 ! hopeless triviality ( ! se>* = pleasure4 ,x _c b feel t a life ab&on$ to amusem5t & to *ang+ impulses mu/ run unaw>es into fatal dang]s4 ,! mom5t1 h[ev]1 t society em]ges f ! e>ly pressure ( ! environm5t & is tol]ably secure aga9/ prim>y evils1 morality gr[s lax4 ,! =ms t life w f>!r assume are n to be impos$ by moral au?ority1 b are det]m9$ by ! g5ius ( ! race1 ! opportunities ( ! mom5t1 & ! ta/es & res\rces ( individual m9ds4 ,! reign ( duty gives place to ! reign ( fre$om1 & ! law & ! cov5ant to ! disp5sation ( grace4 ,! appreciation ( beauty & its embodim5t 9 ! arts are activities :i* belong to our holiday life1 :5 we are r$eem$ = ! mom5t f ! %ad[ ( evil & ! slav]y to fe>1 & are foll[+ ! b5t ( our nature :]e x *ooses to lead u4 ,! values1 !n1 ) :i* we "h deal are positive2 !y 7 negative 9 ! sph]e ( morality4 ,! ugly is h>dly an exception1 because x is n ! cause ( any real pa94 ,9 itself x is r a s\rce ( amusem5t4 ,if its sugge/ions are vitally repulsive1 its pres5ce becomes a real evil t[>ds :i* we assume a practical & moral attitude4 ,&1 correspond+ly1 ! pleasant is nev]1 z we h>e se51 ! object ( a truly moral injunction4 ,"w & play4 #d4 ,we h "h1 !n1 an important elem5t ( ! di/9ction betwe5 ae/hetic & moral values4 ,x is ! same t has be5 po9t$ to 9 ! fam\s contra/ betwe5 "w & play4 ,^! t]ms may be us$ 9 diff]5t s5ses & _! importance 9 moral classification diff]s ) ! mean+ atta*$ to !m4 ,we may call ev]y?+ play :i* is useless activity1 ex]cise t spr+s f ! physiological impulse to dis*>ge ! en]gy :i* ! exig5cies ( life h n call$ out4 ,"w w !n be all action t is necess>y or useful = life4 ,evid5tly if "w & play are ?us objectively di/+ui%$ z useful & useless action1 "w is a eulogi/ic t]m & play a disp>ag+ "o4 ,x w\ld be bett] = u t all our en]gy %\ld be turn$ to acc\nt1 t none ( x %\ld be wa/$ 9 aimless motion4 ,play1 9 ?is s5se1 is a sign ( imp]fect adaptation4 ,x is prop] to *ildhood1 :5 ! body & m9d are n yet fit to cope ) ! environm5t1 b x is unseemly 9 manhood & pitiable 9 old age1 because x m>ks an atrophy ( human nature1 & a failure to take hold ( ! opportunities ( life4 ,play is ?us ess5tially frivol\s4 ,"s p]sons1 und]/&+ ! t]m 9 ?is s5se1 h felt an av]sion1 :i* e lib]al m9d w %>e1 to class+ social pleasures1 art1 & religion "u ! head ( play1 & by t epi!t condemn+ !m1 z a c]ta9 s*ool seems to d1 to gradual ext9ction z ! race approa*es maturity4 ,b if all ! useless ornam5ts ( our life are to be cut (f 9 ! process ( adaptation1 evolution w\ld impov]i% in/ead ( enri*+ our nature4 ,p]haps t is ! t5d5cy ( evolution1 & our b>b>\s ance/ors amid _! toils & w>s1 ) _! flam+ passions & my?ologies1 liv$ bett] lives ?an are res]v$ to our well-adapt$ desc5dants4 ,we may be all[$ to hope1 h[ev]1 t "s imag9ation may survive p>asitically ev5 9 ! mo/ s]viceable bra94 ,:atev] c\rse hi/ory may take1 -- & we are n "h conc]n$ ) prophecy1 -- ! "q ( :at is desirable is n affect$4 ,to condemn spontane\s & delightful occupations because !y are useless = self-pres]vation %[s an uncritical priz+ ( life irrespective ( its cont5t4 ,= su* a sy/em ! wor?ie/ function ( ! univ]se %\ld be to e/abli% p]petual motion4 ,uselessness is a fatal accusation to br+ aga9/ any act :i* is done = its presum$ utility1 b ^? :i* are done = _! own sake are _! own ju/ification4 ,at ! same "t !re is an und5iable propriety 9 call+ all ! lib]al & imag9ative activities ( man play1 because !y are spontane\s1 & n c>ri$ on "u pressure ( ext]nal necessity or dang]4 ,_! utility = self-pres]vation may be v indirect & accid5tal1 b !y are n wor?less = t reason4 ,on ! contr>y1 we may measure ! degree ( happ9ess & civilization :i* any race has atta9$ by ! proportion ( its en]gy :i* is devot$ to free & g5]\s pursuits1 to ! adornm5t ( life & ! culture ( ! imag9ation4 ,= x is 9 ! spontane\s play ( 8 faculties t man f9ds himself & 8 happ9ess4 ,slav]y is ! mo/ degrad+ condition ( :i* he is capable1 & he is z (t5 a slave to ! nigg>dness ( ! e>? & ! inclem5cy ( heav51 z to a ma/] or an in/itution4 ,he is a slave :5 all 8 en]gy is sp5t 9 avoid+ suff]+ & dea?1 :5 all 8 action is impos$ f )\t1 & no brea? or /r5g? is left him = free enjoym5t4 ,"w & play "h take on a diff]5t mean+1 & become equival5t to s]vitude & fre$om4 ,! *ange consi/s 9 ! subjective po9t ( view f :i* ! di/9ction is n[ made4 ,we no long] mean by "w all t is done usefully1 b only :at is done unwill+ly & by ! spur ( necessity4 ,by play we are designat+1 no long] :at is done fruitlessly1 b :atev] is done spontane\sly & = its own sake1 :e!r x h or n an ult]ior utility4 ,play1 9 ?is s5se1 may be our mo/ useful occupation4 ,s f> w\ld a gradual adaptation to ! environm5t be f mak+ ?is play obsolete1 t x w\ld t5d to aboli% "w1 & to make play univ]sal4 ,= ) ! elim9ation ( all ! conflicts & errors ( in/9ct1 ! race w\ld d spontane\sly :atev] conduc$ to its welf>e & we %\ld live safely & prosp]\sly )\t ext]nal /imulus or re/ra9t4 ,all values are 9 "o s5se ae/hetic4 #e4 ,9 ?is second & subjective s5se1 !n1 "w is ! disp>ag+ t]m & play ! eulogi/ic "o4 ,all :o feel ! dignity & importance ( ! ?+s ( ! imag9ation1 ne$ n hesitate to adopt ! classification :i* designates !m z play4 ,we po9t out !reby1 n t !y h no value1 b t _! value is intr9sic1 t 9 !m is "o ( ! s\rces ( all wor?4 ,evid5tly all values mu/ be ultimately intr9sic4 ,! useful is good because ( ! excell5ce ( its consequ5ces2 b ^! mu/ some:]e cease to be m]ely useful 9 _! turn1 or only excell5t z means2 some:]e we mu/ rea* ! good t is good 9 itself & = its own sake1 else ! :ole process is futile1 & ! utility ( our fir/ object illusory4 ,we "h rea* ! second factor 9 our di/9ction1 betwe5 ae/hetic & moral values1 :i* reg>ds _! imm$iacy4 ,if we attempt to remove f life all its evils1 z ! popul> imag9ation has done at times1 we %all f9d little b ae/hetic pleasures rema9+ to con/itute unalloy$ happ9ess4 ,! satisfaction ( ! passions & ! appetites1 9 :i* we *iefly place e>?ly happ9ess1 !mselves take on an ae/hetic t+e :5 we remove ideally ! possibility ( loss or v>iation4 ,:at c\ld ! ,olympians hon\r 9 "o ano!r or ! s]aphim wor%ip 9 ,god except ! embodim5t ( et]nal attributes1 ( ess5ces :i*1 l beauty1 make u happy only 9 contemplation8 ,! glory ( heav5 c\ld n be o!rwise symboliz$ ?an by light & music4 ,ev5 ! k ( tru?1 :i* ! mo/ sob] !ologians made ! ess5ce ( ! beatific vision1 is an ae/hetic delight2 = :5 ! tru? has no fur!r practical utility1 x becomes a l&scape4 ,! delight ( x is imag9ative & ! value ( x ae/hetic4 ,?is r$uction ( all values to imm$iate appreciations1 to s5su\s or vital activities1 is s inevitable t x has /ruck ev5 ! m9ds mo/ c\rage\sly rationali/ic4 ,only = !m1 in/ead ( lead+ to ! lib]ation ( ae/hetic goods f practical entanglem5ts & _! e/abli%m5t z ! only pure & positive values 9 life1 ?is analysis has l$ r to ! d5ial ( all pure & positive goods altoge!r4 ,su* ?9k]s naturally assume t moral values are intr9sic & supreme2 & s9ce ^! moral values w\ld n arise b = ! exi/5ce or imm95ce ( physical evils1 !y embrace ! p>adox t )\t evil no good :atev] is conceivable4 ,! h>% requirem5ts ( apologetics h no d\bt help$ !m to ?is position1 f :i* "o brea? ( spr+ or ! sight ( "o well-begott5 creature %\ld be en\gh to dislodge !m4 ,_! e?ical temp] & ! fett]s ( _! imag9ation =bid !m to reconsid] _! orig9al assumption & to conceive t morality is a means & n an end2 t x is ! price ( human non-adaptation1 & ! consequ5ce ( ! orig9al s9 ( unfitness4 ,x is ! compression ( human conduct )9 ! n>r[ limits ( ! safe & possible4 ,remove dang]1 remove pa91 remove ! occasion ( pity1 & ! ne$ ( morality is gone4 ,to say ?\ %alt n w\ld !n be an imp]t95ce4 ,b ?is elim9ation ( precept w\ld n be a cessation ( life4 ,! s5ses w\ld /ill be op51 ! in/9cts w\ld /ill op]ate1 & lead all creatures to ! haunts & occupations t befitt$ !m4 ,! v>iety ( nature & ! inf9ity ( art1 ) ! companion%ip ( our fell[s1 w\ld fill ! leisure ( t ideal exi/5ce4 ,^! are ! elem5ts ( our positive happ9ess1 ! ?+s :i*1 amid a ?\s& vexations & vanities1 make ! cle> pr(it ( liv+4 ,ae/hetic consecration ( g5]al pr9ciples4 #f4 ,n only are ! v>i\s satisfactions :i* morals are meant to secure ae/hetic 9 ! la/ analysis1 b :5 ! consci5ce is =m$1 & "r pr9ciples acquire an imm$iate au?ority1 our attitude to ^! pr9ciples becomes ae/hetic also4 ,hon\r1 tru?fulness1 & cleanl9ess are obvi\s examples4 ,:5 ! abs5ce ( ^! virtues causes an in/9ctive disgu/1 z x does 9 well-br$ p1 ! reaction is ess5tially ae/hetic1 because x is n bas$ on reflection & b5evol5ce1 b on con/itutional s5sitiv5ess4 ,?is ae/hetic s5sitiv5ess is1 h[ev]1 prop]ly en\gh call$ moral1 because x is ! effect ( consci5ti\s tra9+ & is m p[]ful = good 9 society ?an labori\s virtue1 because x is mu* m con/ant & cat*+4 ,x is ,kalokaga?ia1 ! ae/hetic dem& = ! morally good1 & p]haps ! f9e/ fl[] ( human nature4 ,b ?is t5d5cy ( repres5tative pr9ciples to become indep5d5t p[]s & acquire intr9sic value is sometimes mis*iev\s4 ,x is ! f\ndation ( ! conflicts betwe5 s5tim5t & ju/ice1 betwe5 intuitive & utilit>ian morals4 ,e human re=m is ! reass]tion ( ! prim>y int]e/s ( man aga9/ ! au?ority ( g5]al pr9ciples :i* h ceas$ to repres5t ^? int]e/s fairly1 b :i* /ill obta9 ! idolatr\s v5]ation ( mank9d4 ,nor are *ivalry & religion alone liable to fall into ?is moral sup]/ition4 ,x arises :]ev] an ab/ract good is sub/itut$ = its concrete equival5t4 ,! mis]'s fallacy is ! typical case1 & some?+ v l x is ! e?ical pr9ciple ( half our respectable population4 ,to ! ex]cise ( c]ta9 useful habits m5 come to sacrifice ! advantage :i* 0 ! orig9al basis & ju/ification ( ^? habits4 ,m9ute k is pursu$ at ! exp5se ( l>g5ess ( m9d1 & ri*es at ! exp5se ( com=t & fre$om4 ,?is error is all ! m speci\s :5 ! d]iv$ aim has 9 itself "s ae/hetic *>m1 su* z belongs to ! ,/oic idea ( play+ "o's "p 9 a va/ drama ( ?+s1 irrespective ( any advantage !reby accru+ to any "o2 some:at z ! mis]'s passion is r5d]$ a little normal :5 8 eye is fasc9at$ n m]ely by ! figures ( a bank acc\nt1 b by ! glitt] ( ! yell[ gold4 ,& ! vanity ( play+ a tragic "p & ! glory ( consci\s self-sacrifice h ! same imm$iate fasc9ation4 ,_m irrational maxims ?us acquire a k9d ( nobility4 ,an object is *os5 z ! highe/ good :i* has n only a c]ta9 repres5tative value1 b also an intr9sic "o1 -- :i* is n m]ely a me?od = ! realization ( o!r values1 b a value 9 its own realization4 ,ob$i5ce to ,god is = ! ,*ri/ian1 z con=mity to ! laws ( nature or reason is = ! ,/oic1 an attitude :i* has a c]ta9 emotional & passionate wor?1 ap>t f its orig9al ju/ification by maxims ( utility4 ,?is emotional & passionate =ce is ! ess5ce ( fanaticism1 x makes imp]atives categorical1 & gives !m absolute sway ov] ! consci5ce 9 spite ( _! "o-sid$ness & _! inju/ice to ! manifold dem&s ( human nature4 ,ob$i5ce to ,god or reason c orig9ally recomm5d itself to a man only z ! sure/ & ultimately lea/ pa9ful way ( balanc+ 8 aims & syn!siz+ 8 desires4 ,s necess>y is ?is sanction ev5 to ! mo/ impetu\s natures1 t no m>tyr w\ld g to ! /ake if he did n believe t ! p[]s ( nature1 9 ! day ( judgm5t1 w\ld be on 8 side4 ,b ! human m9d is a turbul5t commonweal?1 & ! laws t make = ! greate/ good _c be e/abli%$ 9 x )\t "s p>tial sacrifice1 )\t ! suppression ( _m p>ticul> impulses4 ,h5ce ! voice ( reason or ! comm& ( ,god1 :i* makes = ! maximum ultimate satisfaction1 f9ds itself oppos$ by sundry scatt]$ & refractory =ces1 :i* are h5ce=? d5om9at$ bad4 ,! unreflective consci5ce1 =gett+ ! vic>i\s s\rce ( its own excell5ce1 !n assumes a solemn & incompreh5sible imm$iacy1 z if its decrees 7 absolute & intr9sically au?oritative1 n ( to-day or ye/]day1 & no "o c\ld tell :5ce !y _h aris54 ,in/9ct c all ! m easily produce ?is my/ification :5 x calls =? an imag9ative activity full ( int]e/ & eag] passion4 ,?is effect is conspicu\s 9 ! absoluti/ consci5ce1 bo? devotional & rationali/ic1 z also 9 ! passion ( love4 ,= 9 all ^! a c]ta9 individuality1 def9it5ess1 & exclusiv5ess is giv5 to ! pursu$ object :i* is v fav\rable to zeal1 & ! heat ( passion melts toge!r ! v>i\s processes ( volition into ! consci\sness ( "o adorable influ5ce4 ,h[ev] deceptive ^! complications may prove to m5 ( action & eloqu5ce1 !y ought n to impose on ! critic ( human nature4 ,evid5tly :at value g5]al goods d n d]ive f ! p>ticul> satisfactions !y /& =1 !y possess 9 !mselves z ideas pleas+ & p[]ful ov] ! imag9ation4 ,?is intr9sic advantage ( c]ta9 pr9ciples & me?ods is none ! less real = be+ 9 a s5se ae/hetic4 ,only a sordid utilit>ianism t subtracts ! imag9ation f human nature1 or at lea/ slurs ov] its imm5se contribution to our happ9ess1 c\ld fail to give ^! pr9ciples ! pref]5ce ov] o!rs practically z good4 ,if x c\ld be %[n1 = in/ance1 t mon>*y 0 z apt1 9 a giv5 case1 to secure ! public well-be+ z "s o!r =m ( gov]nm5t1 mon>*y %\ld be pref]r$1 & w\ld und\bt$ly be e/abli%$1 on acc\nt ( its imag9ative & dramatic sup]iority4 ,b if1 bl9d$ by ?is some:at e!real advantage1 a p>ty sacrific$ to x important public int]e/s1 ! inju/ice w\ld be manife/4 ,9 a d\btful case1 a nation decides1 n )\t pa9ful conflicts1 h[ mu* x w sacrifice to its s5tim5tal ne$s4 ,! important po9t is to rememb] t ! repres5tative or practical value ( a pr9ciple is "o ?+1 & its intr9sic or ae/hetic value is ano!r1 & t ! latt] c be ju/ly c\nt$ only z an item 9 its fav\r to be weigh$2 aga9/ possible ext]nal disadvantages4 ,:5ev] ?is comp>ison & balanc+ ( ultimate b5efits ( e k9d is angrily dismiss$ 9 fav\r ( "s absolute pr9ciple1 laid d[n 9 contempt ( human mis]y & happ9ess1 we h a p]sonal & fanta/ic sy/em ( e?ics1 )\t practical sanctions4 ,x is an evid5ce t ! sup]/iti\s imag9ation has invad$ ! sob] & practical doma9 ( morals4 ,ae/hetic & physical pleasure4 #g4 ,we h n[ sep>at$ ) "s c>e intellectual & moral judgm5ts f ! sph]e ( our subject1 & f\nd t we are to deal only ) p]ceptions ( value1 & ) ^! only :5 !y are positive & imm$iate4 ,b ev5 ) ^! di/9ctions ! mo/ rem>kable *>act]i/ic ( ! s5se ( beauty rema9s undef9$4 ,all pleasures are intr9sic & positive values1 b all pleasures are n p]ceptions ( beauty4 ,pleasure is inde$ ! ess5ce ( t p]ception1 b !re is evid5tly 9 ?is p>ticul> pleasure a complication :i* is n pres5t 9 o!rs & :i* is ! basis ( ! di/9ction made by consci\sness & language betwe5 x & ! re/4 ,x w be in/ructive to notice ! degrees ( ?is diff]5ce4 ,! bodily pleasures are ^? lea/ resembl+ p]ceptions ( beauty4 ,by bodily pleasures we mean1 ( c\rse1 m ?an pleasures ) a bodily seat2 = t class w\ld include !m all1 z well z all =ms & elem5ts ( consci\sness4 ,ae/hetic pleasures h physical conditions1 !y dep5d on ! activity ( ! eye & ! e>1 ( ! memory & ! o!r ideational functions ( ! bra94 ,b we d n connect ^? pleasures ) _! seats except 9 physiological /udies2 ! ideas ) :i* ae/hetic pleasures are associat$ are n ! ideas ( _! bodily causes4 ,! pleasures we call physical1 & reg>d z l[1 on ! contr>y1 are ^? :i* call our att5tion to "s "p ( our own body1 & :i* make no object s conspicu\s to u z ! organ 9 :i* !y arise4 ,!re is "h1 !n1 a v m>k$ di/9ction betwe5 physical & ae/hetic pleasure2 ! organs ( ! latt] mu/ be transp>5t1 !y mu/ n int]cept our att5tion1 b c>ry x directly to "s ext]nal object4 ,! great] dignity & range ( ae/hetic pleasure is ?us made v intelligible4 ,! s\l is glad1 z x 71 to =get its connexion ) ! body & to fancy t x c travel ov] ! _w ) ! lib]ty ) :i* x *anges ! objects ( its ?\ght4 ,! m9d passes f ,*9a to ,p]u )\t any consci\s *ange 9 ! local t5sions ( ! body4 ,?is illusion ( disembodim5t is v exhil>at+1 :ile imm]sion 9 ! fle% & conf9em5t to "s organ gives a tone ( grossness & selfi%ness to our consci\sness4 ,! g5]ally mean] associations ( physical pleasures also help to expla9 _! comp>ative crudity4 ,! diff]etia ( ae/hetic pleasure n its dis9t]e/$ness4 #h4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 pleasure & ! s5se ( beauty has sometimes be5 said to consi/ 9 ! unselfi%ness ( ae/hetic satisfaction4 ,9 o!r pleasures1 x is said1 we gratify our s5ses & passions2 9 ! contemplation ( beauty we are rais$ above ourselves1 ! passions are sil5c$ & we are happy 9 ! recognition ( a good t we d n seek to possess4 ,! pa9t] does n look at a spr+ ( wat] ) ! eyes ( a ?ir/y man1 nor at a beautiful woman ) ^? ( a satyr4 ,! diff]5ce lies1 x is urg$1 9 ! imp]sonality ( ! enjoym5t4 ,b ?is di/9ction is "o ( int5sity & delicacy1 n ( nature1 & x seems satisfactory only to ! lea/ ae/hetic m9ds4#a ,9 ! second place1 ! suppos$ dis9t]e/$ness ( ae/hetic delights is n truly fundam5tal4 ,appreciation ( a picture is n id5tical ) ! desire to buy x1 b x is1 or ought to be1 closely relat$ & prelim9>y to t desire4 ,! beauties ( nature & ( ! pla/ic arts are n consum$ by be+ enjoy$2 !y reta9 all ! efficacy to impress a second behold]4 ,b ?is circum/ance is accid5tal1 & ^? ae/hetic objects :i* dep5d ^u *ange & are exhau/$ 9 "t1 z are all p]=mances1 are ?+s ! enjoym5t ( :i* is an object ( rivalry & is covet$ z mu* z any o!r pleasure4 ,& ev5 pla/ic beauties c (t5 n be enjoy$ except by a few1 on acc\nt ( ! necessity ( travel or o!r difficulties ( access1 & !n ?is ae/hetic enjoym5t is z selfi%ly pursu$ z ! re/4 ,! tru? :i* ! !ory is try+ to /ate seems r to be t :5 we seek ae/hetic pleasures we h no fur!r pleasure 9 m9d2 t we d n mix up ! satisfactions ( vanity & proprietor%ip ) ! delight ( contemplation4 ,?is is true1 b x is true at bottom ( all pursuits & enjoym5ts4 ,e real pleasure is 9 "o s5se dis9t]e/$4 ,x is n s\ght ) ult]ior motives1 & :at fills ! m9d is no calculation1 b ! image ( an object or ev5t1 suffus$ ) emotion4 ,a sophi/icat$ consci\sness may (t5 take ! idea ( self z ! t\*/one ( its incl9ations2 b ?is self1 = ! gratification & aggr&izem5t ( :i* a man may live1 is itself only a complex ( aims & memories1 :i* once _h _! direct objects1 9 :i* he _h tak5 a spontane\s & unselfi% int]e/4 ,! gratifications :i*1 m]g$ toge!r1 make ! selfi%ness are ea* ( !m +5u\s1 & no m selfi% ?an ! mo/ altrui/ic1 imp]sonal emotion4 ,! cont5t ( selfi%ness is a mass ( unselfi%ness4 ,!re is no ref]5ce to ! nom9al ess5ce call$ oneself ei!r 9 "o's appetites or 9 "o's natural affections2 yet a man absorb$ 9 8 meat & dr9k1 9 8 h\ses & l&s1 9 8 *ildr5 & dogs1 is call$ selfi% because ^! int]e/s1 al?\gh natural & in/9ctive 9 him1 are n %>$ by o!rs4 ,! unselfi% man is he ^: nature has a m univ]sal direction1 ^: int]e/s are m widely diffus$4 ,b z imp]sonal ?\ghts are su* only 9 _! object1 n 9 _! subject or ag5ts1 s9ce1 all ?\ghts are ! ?\ghts ( somebody3 s also unselfi% int]e/s h to be somebody's int]e/s4 ,if we 7 n int]e/$ 9 beauty1 if x 7 ( no conc]n to our happ9ess :e!r ?+s 7 beautiful or ugly1 we %\ld manife/ n ! maximum1 b ! total abs5ce ( ae/hetic faculty4 ,! dis9t]e/$ness ( ?is pleasure is1 !re=e1 t ( all primitive & intuitive satisfactions1 :i* are 9 no way condition$ by a ref]5ce to an artificial g5]al concept1 l t ( ! self1 all ! pot5cy ( :i* mu/ itself be d]iv$ f ! indep5d5t en]gy ( its compon5t elem5ts4 ,i c>e ab\t myself because myself is a "n = ! ?+s ,i h at he>t4 ,to set up ! v]bal figm5t ( p]sonality & make x an object ( conc]n ap>t f ! int]e/s :i* 7 its cont5t & sub/ance1 turns ! morali/ into a p$ant1 & e?ics into a sup]/ition4 ,! self :i* is ! object ( am\r propre is an idol ( ! tribe1 & ne$s to be dis9tegrat$ into ! primitive objective int]e/s t und]lie x be=e ! cultus ( x c be ju/ifi$ by reason4 ,! diff]5tia ( ae/hetic pleasure n its univ]sality4 #i4 ,! suppos$ dis9t]e/$ness ( our love ( beauty passes into ano!r *>act]i/ic ( x (t5 reg>d$ z ess5tial1 -- its univ]sality4 ,! pleasures ( ! s5ses h1 x is said1 no dogmatism 9 !m2 t any?+ gives me pleasure involves no ass]tion ab\t its capacity to give pleasure to ano!r4 ,b :5 ,i judge a ?+ to be beautiful1 my judgm5t means t ! ?+ is beautiful 9 itself1 or 7:at is ! same ?+ m critically express$7 t x %\ld seem s to ev]ybody4 ,! claim to univ]sality is1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 ! ess5ce ( ! ae/hetic2 :at makes ! p]ception ( beauty a judgm5t r ?an a s5sation4 ,all ae/hetic precepts w\ld be impossible1 & all criticism arbitr>y & subjective1 unless we admit a p>adoxical univ]sality 9 our judgm5t1 ! philosophical implications ( :i* we may !n g on to develope4 ,b we are =tunately n requir$ to ent] ! labyr9? into :i* ?is me?od leads2 !re is a mu* simpl] & cle>] way ( /udy+ su* que/ions1 :i* is to *all5ge & analyze ! ass]tion be=e u & seek its basis 9 human nature4 ,be=e ?is is done1 we %\ld run ! risk ( exp&+ a natural misconception or inaccuracy ( ?\ght into an invet]ate & p]nici\s prejudice by mak+ x ! c5tre ( an elaborate con/ruction4 ,t ! claim ( univ]sality is su* a natural inaccuracy w n be h>d to %[4 ,!re is notori\sly no great agreem5t ^u ae/hetic matt]s2 & su* agreem5t z !re is1 is bas$ ^u simil>ity ( orig91 nature1 & circum/ance among m51 a simil>ity :i*1 :]e x exi/s1 t5ds to br+ ab\t id5tity 9 all judgm5ts & feel+s4 ,x is unmean+ to say t :at is beautiful to "o man ought to be beautiful to ano!r4 ,if _! s5ses are ! same1 _! associations & dispositions simil>1 !n ! same ?+ w c]ta9ly be beautiful to bo?4 ,if _! natures are diff]5t1 ! =m :i* to "o w be entranc+ w be to ano!r ev5 invisible1 because 8 classifications & discrim9ations 9 p]ception w be diff]5t1 & he may see a hide\s deta*$ fragm5t or a %apeless aggregate ( ?+s1 9 :at to ano!r is a p]fect :ole -- s entirely are ! unities ( function & use4 ,x is absurd to say t :at is invisible to a giv5 be+ ought to seem beautiful to him4 ,evid5tly ?is obligation ( recogniz+ ! same qualities is condition$ by ! possession ( ! same faculties4 ,b no two m5 h exactly ! same faculties1 nor c ?+s h = any two exactly ! same values4 ,:at is loosely express$ by say+ t any "o ought to see ?is or t beauty is t he w\ld see x if 8 disposition1 tra9+1 or att5tion 7 :at our ideal dem&s = him2 & our ideal ( :at any "o %\ld be has complex b discov]able s\rces4 ,we take1 = in/ance1 a c]ta9 pleasure 9 hav+ our own judgm5ts support$ by ^? ( o!rs2 we are intol]ant1 if n ( ! exi/5ce ( a nature diff]5t f our own1 at lea/ ( its expression 9 words & judgm5ts4 ,we are confirm$ or made happy 9 our d\btful op9ions by see+ !m accept$ univ]sally4 ,we are unable to f9d ! basis ( our ta/e 9 our own exp]i5ce & !re=e refuse to look = x !re4 ,if we 7 sure ( our gr\nd1 we %\ld be will+ to acquiesce 9 ! naturally diff]5t feel+s & ways ( o!rs1 z a man :o is consci\s ( speak+ 8 language ) ! acc5t ( ! capital confesses its arbitr>9ess ) gayety1 & is pleas$ & int]e/$ 9 ! v>iations ( x he obs]ves 9 prov9cials2 b ! prov9cial is always zeal\s to %[ t he has reason & anci5t au?ority to ju/ify 8 oddities4 ,s p :o h no s5sations1 & d n "k :y !y judge1 are always try+ to %[ t !y judge by univ]sal reason4 ,?us ! frailty & sup]ficiality ( our own judgm5ts _c brook contradiction4 ,we abhor ano!r man's d\bt :5 we _c tell him :y we ourselves believe4 ,our ideal ( o!r m5 t5ds !re=e to include ! agreem5t ( _! judgm5ts ) our own2 & al?\gh we might ackn[l$ge ! fatuity ( ?is dem& 9 reg>d to natures v diff]5t f ! human1 we may be unreasonable en\gh to require t all races %\ld admire ! same /yle ( ar*itecture1 & all ages ! same poets4 ,! great actual unity ( human ta/e )9 ! range ( conv5tional hi/ory helps ! pret5sion4 ,b 9 pr9ciple x is unt5able4 ,no?+ has less to d ) ! real m]it ( a "w ( imag9ation ?an ! capacity ( all m5 to appreciate x2 ! true te/ is ! degree & k9d ( satisfaction x c give to him :o appreciates x mo/4 ,! symphony w\ld lose no?+ if half mank9d _h always be5 deaf1 z n9e-t5?s ( !m actually are to ! intricacies ( its h>monies2 b x w\ld h lo/ mu* if no ,bee?ov5 _h exi/$4 ,& m3 incapacity to appreciate c]ta9 types ( beauty may be ! condition s9e qua non = ! appreciation ( ano!r k9d2 ! greate/ capacity bo? = enjoym5t & creation is highly specializ$ & exclusive1 & h5ce ! greate/ ages ( art h (t5 be5 /rangely intol]ant4 ,! invectives ( "o s*ool aga9/ ano!r1 p]v]se z !y are philosophically1 are arti/ically (t5 signs ( heal?1 because !y indicate a vital appreciation ( c]ta9 k9ds ( beauty1 a love ( !m t has gr[n into a jeal\s passion4 ,! ar*itects t h piec$ out ! imp]fections ( anci5t build+s ) _! own ?\ghts1 l ,*>les ,v4 :5 he rais$ 8 massive palace beside ! ,alhambra1 may be condemn$ f a c]ta9 po9t ( view4 ,!y m>r$ mu* by _! int]f]5ce2 b !y %[$ a spl5did confid5ce 9 _! own intuitions1 a pr\d ass]tion ( _! own ta/e1 :i* is ! greate/ evid5ce ( ae/hetic s9c]ity4 ,on ! contr>y1 our own grop+s1 eclecticism1 & ar*aeology are ! symptoms ( impot5ce4 ,if we 7 less le>n$ & less j1 we might be m effici5t4 ,if our appreciation 7 less g5]al1 x might be m real1 & if we tra9$ our imag9ation into exclusiv5ess1 x might atta9 to "*4 ,! diff]5tia ( ae/hetic pleasure3 its objectification4 #aj4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 some?+ m 9 ! claim to univ]sality 9 ae/hetic judgm5ts ?an ! desire to g5]alize our own op9ions4 ,!re is ! expression ( a curi\s b well-kn[n psy*ological ph5om5on1 viz41 ! trans=mation ( an elem5t ( s5sation into ! quality ( a ?+4 ,if we say t o!r m5 %\ld see ! beauties we see1 x is because we ?9k ^? beauties are 9 ! object1 l its col\r1 proportion1 or size4 ,our judgm5t appe>s to u m]ely ! p]ception & discov]y ( an ext]nal exi/5ce1 ( ! real excell5ce t is )\t4 ,b ?is notion is radically absurd & contradictory4 ,beauty1 z we h se51 is a value2 x _c be conceiv$ z an indep5d5t exi/5ce :i* affects our s5ses & :i* we consequ5tly p]ceive4 ,x exi/s 9 p]ception1 & _c exi/ o!rwise4 ,a beautynot p]ceiv$ is a pleasure n felt1 & a contradiction4 ,b mod]n philosophy has taught u to say ! same ?+ ( e elem5t ( ! p]ceiv$ _w2 all are s5sations2 & _! gr\p+ into objects imag9$ to be p]man5t & ext]nal is ! "w ( c]ta9 habits ( our intellig5ce4 ,we %\ld be incapable ( survey+ or reta9+ ! diffus$ exp]i5ces ( life1 unless we organiz$ & classifi$ !m1 & out ( ! *aos ( impressions fram$ ! _w ( conv5tional & recognizable objects4 ,h[ ?is is done is expla9$ by ! curr5t !ories ( p]ception4 ,ext]nal objects usually affect v>i\s s5ses at once1 ! impressions ( :i* are !reby associat$4 ,repeat$ exp]i5ces ( "o object are also associat$ on acc\nt ( _! simil>ity2 h5ce a d\ble t5d5cy to m]ge & unify into a s+le p]cept1 to :i* a "n is atta*$1 ! gr\p ( ^? memories & reactions :i* 9 fact _h "o ext]nal ?+ = _! cause4 ,b ?is p]cept1 once =m$1 is cle>ly diff]5t f ^? p>ticul> exp]i5ces out ( :i* x grew4 ,x is p]man5t1 !y are v>iable4 ,!y are b p>tial views & glimpses ( x4 ,! con/itut$ notion !re=e comes to be ! reality1 & ! mat]ials ( x m]ely ! appe>ance4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 sub/ance & quality1 reality & appe>ance1 matt] & m9d1 has no o!r orig94 ,! objects ?us conceiv$ & di/+ui%$ f our ideas ( !m1 are at fir/ compact$ ( all ! impressions1 feel+s1 & memories1 :i* (f] !mselves = association & fall )9 ! vortex ( ! amalgamat+ imag9ation4 ,e s5sation we get f a ?+ is orig9ally treat$ z "o ( its qualities4 ,exp]im5t1 h[ev]1 & ! practical ne$ ( a simpl] conception ( ! /ructure ( objects lead u gradually to r$uce ! qualities ( ! object to a m9imum1 & to reg>d mo/ p]ceptions z an effect ( ^? few qualities ^u u4 ,^! few prim>y qualities1 l ext5sion :i* we p]si/ 9 treat+ z indep5d5tly real & z ! quality ( a sub/ance1 are ^? :i* suffice to expla9 ! ord] ( our exp]i5ces4 ,all ! re/1 l col\r1 are relegat$ to ! subjective sph]e1 z m]ely effects ^u our m9ds1 & app>5t or second>y qualities ( ! object4 ,b ?is di/9ction has only a practical ju/ification4 ,conv5i5ce & economy ( ?\ght alone det]m9e :at comb9ation ( our s5sations we %all cont9ue to objectify & treat z ! cause ( ! re/4 ,! "r & t5d5cy to be objective is equal 9 all1 s9ce !y are all prior to ! artifice ( ?\ght by :i* we sep>ate ! concept f its mat]ials1 ! ?+ f our exp]i5ces4 ,! qualities :i* we n[ conceive to belong to real objects are = ! moat "p images ( sight & t\*4 ,"o ( ! fir/ classes ( effects to be treat$ z second>y 7 naturally pleasures & pa9s1 s9ce x c\ld commonly conduce v little to intellig5t & successful action to conceive our pleasures & pa9s z resid5t 9 objects4 ,b emotions are ess5tially capable ( objectification1 z well z impressions ( s5se2 & "o may well believe t a primitive & inexp]i5c$ consci\sness w\ld r p ! _w ) gho/s ( its own t]rors & passions ?an ) projections ( ^? lum9\s & ma!matical concepts :i* z yet x c\ld h>dly h =m$4 ,?is animi/ic & my?ological habit ( ?\ght /ill holds its own at ! conf9es ( k1 :]e me*anical explanations are n f\nd4 ,9 ourselves1 :]e ne>ness makes obs]vation difficult1 9 ! intricate *aos ( animal & human life1 we /ill appeal to ! efficacy ( w & ideas1 z also 9 ! remote night ( cosmic & religi\s problems4 ,b 9 all ! int]m$iate realm ( vulg> day1 :]e me*anical sci5ce has made progress1 ! inclusion ( emotional or passionate elem5ts 9 ! concept ( ! reality w\ld be n[ an extravagance4 ,"h our idea ( ?+s is compos$ exclusively ( p]ceptual elem5ts1 ( ! ideas ( =m & ( motion4 ,! beauty ( objects1 h[ev]1 =ms an exception to ?is rule4 ,beauty is an emotional elem5t1 a pleasure ( ours1 :i* nev]!less we reg>d z a quality ( ?+s4 ,b we are n[ prep>$ to und]/& ! nature ( ?is exception4 ,x is ! survival ( a t5d5cy orig9ally univ]sal to make e effect ( a ?+ ^u u a con/itu5t ( its conceiv$ nature4 ,! sci5tific idea ( a ?+ is a great ab/raction f ! mass ( p]ceptions & reactions :i* t ?+ produces ! ae/hetic idea is less ab/ract1 s9ce x reta9s ! emotional reaction1 ! pleasure ( ! p]ception1 z an integral "p ( ! conceiv$ ?+4 ,nor is x h>d to f9d ! gr\nd ( ?is survival 9 ! s5se ( beauty ( an objectification ( feel+ else:]e ext9ct4 ,mo/ ( ! pleasures :i* objects cause are easily di/+ui%$ & sep>at$ f ! p]ception ( ! object3 ! object has to be appli$ to a p>ticul> organ1 l ! palate1 or swall[$ l w9e1 or us$ & op]at$ ^u 9 "s way be=e ! pleasure arises4 ,! cohesion is !re=e slight betwe5 ! pleasure & ! o!r associat$ elem5ts ( s5se2 ! pleasure is sep>at$ 9 "t f ! p]ception1 or x is localiz$ 9 a diff]5t organ1 & consequ5tly is at once recogniz$ z an effect & n z a quality ( ! object4 ,b :5 ! process ( p]ception itself is pleasant1 z x may easily be1 :5 ! intellectual op]ation1 by :i* ! elem5ts ( s5se are associat$ & project$1 & ! concept ( ! =m & sub/ance ( ! ?+ produc$1 is naturally delightful1 !n we h a pleasure intimately b\nd up 9 ! ?+1 insep>able f its "* & con/itution1 ! seat ( :i* 9 u is ! same z ! seat ( ! p]ception4 ,we naturally fail1 "u ^! circum/ances1 to sep>ate ! pleasure f ! o!r objectifi$ feel+s4 ,x becomes1 l !m1 a quality ( ! object1 :i* we di/+ui% f pleasures n s incorporat$ 9 ! p]ception ( ?+s1 by giv+ x ! "n ( beauty4 ,! def9ition ( beauty4 #aa4 ,we h n[ rea*$ our def9ition ( beauty1 :i*1 9 ! t]ms ( our successive analysis & n>r[+ ( ! conception1 is value positive1 intr9sic1 & objectifi$4 ,or1 9 less te*nical language1 ,beauty is pleasure reg>d$ z ! quality ( a ?+4 ,?is def9ition is int5d$ to sum up a v>iety ( di/9ctions & id5tifications :i* %\ld p]haps be "h m explicitly set d[n4 ,beauty is a value1 t is1 x is n a p]ception ( a matt] ( fact or ( a relation3 x is an emotion1 an affection ( our volitional & appreciative nature4 ,an object _c be beautiful if x c give pleasure to nobody3 a beauty to :i* all m5 7 =ev] indiff]5t is a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,9 ! second place ?is value is positive1 x is ! s5se ( ! pres5ce ( some?+ good1 or 79 ! case ( ugl9ess7 ( its abs5ce4 ,x is nev] ! p]ception ( a positive evil1 x is nev] a negative value4 ,t we are end[$ ) ! s5se ( beauty is a pure ga9 :i* br+s no evil ) x4 ,:5 ! ugly ceases to be amus+ or m]ely un9t]e/+ & becomes disgu/+1 x becomes inde$ a positive evil3 b a moral & practical1 n an ae/hetic "o4 ,9 ae/hetics t say+ is true -- (t5 s dis+5u\s 9 e?ics -- t evil is no?+ b ! abs5ce ( good3 = ev5 ! t$ium & vulg>ity ( an exi/5ce )\t beauty is n itself ugly s mu* z lam5table & degrad+4 ,! abs5ce ( ae/hetic goods is a moral evil3 ! ae/hetic evil is m]ely relative1 & means less ( ae/hetic good ?an 0 expect$ at ! place & "t4 ,no =m 9 itself gives pa91 al?\gh "s =ms give pa9 by caus+ a %ock ( surprise ev5 :5 !y are really beautiful3 z if a "m f\nd a f9e bull pup 9 h] *ild's cradle1 :5 h] pa9 w\ld n be ae/hetic 9 its nature4 ,fur!r1 ?is pleasure mu/ n be 9 ! consequ5ce ( ! utility ( ! object or ev5t1 b 9 its imm$iate p]ception2 9 o!r words1 beauty is an ultimate good1 some?+ t gives satisfaction to a natural function1 to "s fundam5tal ne$ or capacity ( our m9ds4 ,beauty is !re=e a positive value t is intr9sic2 x is a pleasure4 ,^! two circum/ances suffici5tly sep>ate ! sph]e ( ae/hetics f t ( e?ics4 ,moral values are g5]ally negative1 & always remote4 ,morality has to d ) ! avoidance ( evil & ! pursuit ( good3 ae/hetics only ) enjoym5t4 ,f9ally1 ! pleasures ( s5se are di/+ui%$ f ! p]ception ( beauty1 z s5sation 9 g5]al is di/+ui%$ f p]ception2 by ! objectification ( ! elem5ts & _! appe>ance z qualities r ( ?+s ?an ( consci\sness4 ,! passage f s5sation to p]ception is gradual1 & ! pa? may be sometimes retrac$3 s x is ) beauty & ! pleasures ( s5sation4 ,!re is no %>p l9e betwe5 !m1 b x dep5ds ^u ! degree ( objectivity my feel+ has atta9$ at ! mom5t :e!r ,i say ,x pleases me1 or ,x is beautiful4 ,if ,i am self-consci\s & critical1 ,i %all probably use1 "o phrase2 if ,i am impulsive & susceptible1 ! o!r4 ,! m remote1 int]wov51 & inextricable ! pleasure is1 ! m objective x w appe>2 & ! union ( two pleasures (t5 makes "o beauty4 ,9 ,%akespe>e's ,l,i,vth sonnet are ^! words3 ,o h[ mu* m do? beauty beaute\s seem ,by t sweet ornam5t :i* tru? do? give6 ,! rose looks fair1 b fair] we x deem ,= t sweet od\r :i* do? 9 x live4 ,! cank]-blooms h full z deep a dye ,z ! p]fum$ t9cture ( ! roses1 ,hang on su* ?orns1 & play z wantonly ,:5 summ]'s brea? _! mask$ buds discloses4 ,b1 = _! beauty only is _! %[1 ,!y live unwoo$ & unrespect$ fade2 ,die to !mselves4 ,sweet roses d n s3 ,( _! sweet dea?s are sweete/ od\rs made4 ,"o add$ ornam5t1 we see1 turns ! deep dye1 :i* 0 b %[ & m]e s5sation be=e1 into an elem5t ( beauty & reality1 & z tru? is "h ! co-op]ation ( p]ceptions1 s beauty is ! co-op]ation ( pleasures4 ,if col\r1 =m1 & motion are h>dly beautiful )\t ! sweetness ( ! od\r1 h[ mu* m necess>y w\ld !y be = ! sweetness itself to become a beauty6 ,if we _h ! p]fume 9 a flask1 no "o w\ld ?9k ( call+ x beautiful3 x w\ld give u too deta*$ & controllable a s5sation4 ,!re w\ld be no object 9 :i* x c\ld be easily incorporat$4 ,b let x float f ! g>d51 & x w add ano!r s5su\s *>m to objects simultane\sly recogniz$1 & help to make !m beautiful4 ,?us beauty is con/itut$ by ! objectification ( pleasure4 ,x is pleasure objectifi$4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,mat]ials ,,( ,,beauty ,all human functions may contribute to ! s5se ( beauty4 #ab4 ,our task w n[ be to pass 9 review ! v>i\s elem5ts ( our consci\sness1 & see :at ea* contributes to ! beauty ( ! _w4 ,we %all f9d t !y d s :5ev] !y are inextricably associat$ ) ! objectify+ activity ( ! und]/&+4 ,:5ev] ! gold5 ?read ( pleasure ent]s t web ( ?+s :i* our intellig5ce is always busily sp9n+1 x l5ds to ! visible _w t my/]i\s & subtle *>m :i* we call beauty4 ,!re is no function ( our nature :i* _c contribute some?+ to ?is effect1 b "o function diff]s v mu* f ano!r 9 ! am\nt & directness ( its contribution4 ,! pleasures ( ! eye & e>1 ( ! imag9ation & memory1 are ! mo/ easily objectifi$ & m]g$ 9 ideas2 b x w\ld betray inexcusable ha/e & slight appreciation ( ! pr9ciple involv$1 if we call$ !m ! only mat]ials ( beauty4 ,our ef=t w r be to discov] its o!r s\rces1 :i* h be5 m g5]ally ignor$1 & po9t out _! importance4 ,= ! five s5ses & ! ?ree p[]s ( ! s\l1 :i* play s l>ge a "p 9 traditional psy*ology1 are by no means ! only s\rces or factors ( consci\sness2 !y are m or less ext]nal divisions ( its cont5t1 & n ev5 exhau/ive ( t4 ,! nature & *anges ( our life h deep] roots1 & are controll$ by less obvi\s processes4 ,! human body is a ma*9e t holds toge!r by virtue ( c]ta9 vital functions1 on ! cessation ( :i* x is dissolv$4 ,"s ( ^!1 l ! circulation ( ! blood1 ! gr[? & decay ( ! tissues1 are at fir/ sight unconsci\s4 ,yet any important di/urbance ( ^! fundam5tal processes at once produces great & pa9ful *anges 9 consci\sness4 ,slight alt]ations are n )\t _! consci\s e*o3 & ! :ole temp] & tone ( our m9d1 ! /r5g? ( our passions1 ! grip & concat5ation ( our habits1 our p[] ( att5tion1 & ! livel9ess ( our fancy & affections are due to ! influ5ce ( ^! vital =ces4 ,!y d n1 p]haps1 con/itute ! :ole basis ( any "o idea or emotion3 b !y are ! conditions ( ! exi/5ce & "* ( all4 ,p>ticul>ly important are !y = ! value ( our exp]i5ce4 ,!y con/itute heal?1 )\t :i* no pleasure c be pure4 ,!y det]m9e our impulses 9 leisure1 & furni% t surplus en]gy :i* we sp5d 9 play1 9 art1 & 9 speculation4 ,! attraction ( ^! pursuits1 & ! v exi/5ce ( an ae/hetic sph]e1 is due to ! effici5cy & p]fection ( our vital processes4 ,! pleasures :i* !y involve are n exclusively b\nd to any p>ticul> object1 & !re=e d n acc\nt = ! relative beauty ( ?+s4 ,!y are loose & unlocaliz$1 hav+ no special organ1 or "o :i* is int]nal & hidd5 )9 ! body4 ,!y !re=e rema9 undiscrim9at$ 9 consci\sness1 & c s]ve to add int]e/ to any object1 or to ca/ a g5]al glam\r ov] ! _w1 v fav\rable to its int]e/ & beauty4 ,! ae/hetic value ( vital functions diff]s accord+ to _! physiological concomitants3 ^? t are fav\rable to ideation are ( c\rse m apt to ext5d some?+ ( _! intimate w>m? to ! pleasures ( contemplation1 & ?us to int5sify ! s5se ( beauty & ! int]e/ ( ?\ght4 ,^?1 on ! o!r h&1 t = physiological reasons t5d to inhibit ideation1 & to dr[n ! att5tion 9 dumb & unrepres5table feel+s1 are less fav\rable to ae/hetic activity4 ,! d\ble effect ( dr[s9ess & rev]ie w illu/rate ?is diff]5ce4 ,! heav9ess ( sleep seems to fall fir/ on ! out] s5ses1 & ( c\rse makes !m incapable ( acute impressions2 b if x goes no fur!r1 x leaves ! imag9ation all ! fre]1 & by height5+ ! col\rs ( ! fancy1 (t5 sugge/s & reveals beautiful images4 ,!re is a k9d ( poetry & inv5tion t comes only 9 su* mom5ts4 ,9 !m _m lovely melodies mu/ fir/ h be5 he>d1 & c5taurs & angels orig9ally imag9$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! le?>gy is m complete1 or if ! cause ( x is su* t ! imag9ation is ret>d$ :ile ! s5ses rema9 awake1 -- z is ! case ) an ov]-f$ or ov]-ex]cis$ body1 -- we h a /ate ( ae/hetic ins5sibility4 ,! exhil>ation :i* comes ) pure & refre%+ air has a m>k$ influ5ce on our appreciations4 ,to x is l>gely due ! beauty ( ! morn+1 & ! entirely diff]5t *>m x has f ! ev5+4 ,! opposite /ate ( all ! functions "h adds an opposite emotion to ext]nally simil> sc5es1 mak+ bo? inf9itely b diff]5tly beautiful4 ,x w\ld be curi\s & probably surpris+ to discov] h[ mu* ! pleasure ( brea?+ has to d ) our highe/ & mo/ transc5d5tal ideals4 ,x is n m]ely a metaphor t makes u c\ple air9ess ) exquisit5ess & brea?lessness ) awe2 x is ! actual recurr5ce ( a s5sation 9 ! ?roat & lungs t gives ^? impressions an imm$iate p[]1 prior to all reflection ^u _! significance4 ,x is1 !re=e1 to ?is vital s5sation ( deep or arre/$ respiration t ! impressiv5ess ( ^? objects is imm$iately due4 ,! influ5ce ( ! passion ( love4 #ac4 ,half-way betwe5 vital & social functions1 lies ! sexual in/9ct4 ,if nature _h solv$ ! problem ( reproduction )\t ! diff]5tiation ( sex1 our emotional life w\ld h be5 radically diff]5t4 ,s pr(\nd &1 especially 9 woman1 s p]vasive an influ5ce does ?is function ex]t1 t we %\ld betray an entirely unreal view ( human nature if we did n inquire into ! relations ( sex ) our ae/hetic susceptibility4 ,we mu/ n expect1 h[ev]1 any great diff]5ce betwe5 man & woman 9 ! scope or objects ( ae/hetic int]e/3 :at is important 9 emotional life is n :i* sex an animal has1 b t x has sex at all4 ,= if we consid] ! difficult problem :i* nature _h to solve 9 sexual reproduction1 & ! nice adju/m5t ( in/9ct :i* x dem&s1 we %all see t ! reactions & susceptibilities :i* mu/ be implant$ 9 ! individual are = ! mo/ "p id5tical 9 bo? sexes1 z ! sexual organization is itself fundam5tally simil> 9 bo?4 ,inde$1 individuals ( v>i\s species & ! :ole animal k+dom h ! same sexual disposition1 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 ! p>ticul> object de/9$ to call =? ! complete sexual reaction1 diff]s ) e species1 & ) ea* sex4 ,if we 7 deal+ ) ! philosophy ( love1 & n ) t ( beauty1 our problem w\ld be to f9d out by :at ma*9]y ?is fundam5tal susceptibility1 common to all animals ( bo? sexes1 is gradually direct$ to m & m def9ite objects3 fir/1 to "o species & "o sex1 & ultimately to "o individual4 ,x is n en\gh t sexual organs %\ld be diff]5tiat$3 ! connexion mu/ be e/abli%$ betwe5 !m & ! out] s5ses1 s t ! animal may recognize & pursue ! prop] object4 ,! case ( lifelong fidelity to "o mate -- p]haps ev5 to an unsatisfi$ & hopeless love -- is ! maximum ( diff]5tiation1 :i* ev5 ov]leaps ! utility :i* gave x a foo?old 9 nature1 & defeats its own object4 ,= ! diff]5tiation ( ! in/9ct 9 respect to sex1 age1 & species is obvi\sly necess>y to its success z a device = reproduction4 ,:ile ?is diff]5tiation is n complete1 -- & x (t5 is n1 -- !re is a great deal ( grop+ & wa/e2 & ! =ce & con/ancy ( ! in/9ct mu/ make up = its lack ( precision4 ,a great deal ( vital en]gy is ?us absorb$ by ?is ill-adju/$ function4 ,! mo/ economical arrangem5t :i* c be conceiv$1 w\ld be "o by :i* only ! "o female be/ fitt$ to be> (fspr+ to a male %\ld ar\se 8 desire1 & only s _m times z x 0 well %e %\ld gr[ pregnant1 ?us leav+ 8 en]gy & att5tion free at all o!r times to ex]cise ! o!r faculties ( 8 nature4 ,if ?is ideal _h be5 rea*$1 ! in/9ct1 l all ^? p]fectly adju/$1 w\ld t5d to become unconsci\s2 & we %\ld miss ^? second>y effects ) :i* we are exclusively conc]n$ 9 ae/hetics4 ,= x is precisely f ! wa/e1 f ! radiation ( ! sexual passion1 t ,i beauty borr[s w>m?4 ,z a h>p1 made to vibrate to ! f+]s1 gives "s music to e w9d1 s ! nature ( man1 necess>ily susceptible to woman1 becomes simultane\sly s5sitive to o!r influ5ces1 & capable ( t5d]ness t[>d e object4 ,! capacity to love gives our contemplation t gl[ )\t :i* x might (t5 fail to manife/ beauty2 & ! :ole s5tim5tal side ( our ae/hetic s5sibility -- )\t :i* x w\ld be p]ceptive & ma!matical r ?an ae/hetic -- is due to our sexual organization remotely /irr$4 ,! attraction ( sex c\ld n become effici5t unless ! s5ses 7 fir/ attract$4 ,! eye mu/ be fasc9at$ & ! e> *>m$ by ! object :i* nature int5ds %\ld be pursu$4 ,bo? sexes = ?is reason develope second>y sexual *>act]i/ics2 & ! sexual emotions are simultane\sly ext5d$ to v>i\s second>y objects4 ,! col\r1 ! grace1 ! =m1 :i* become ! /imuli ( sexual passion1 & ! guides ( sexual selection1 acquire1 be=e !y c fulfil t (fice1 a c]ta9 intr9sic *>m4 ,?is *>m is n only pres5t = reasons :i*1 9 an admissible s5se1 we may call teleological1 on acc\nt1 t is1 ( its pa/ utility 9 reproduction1 b its int5sity & p[] are due to ! simultane\s /irr+ ( pr(\nd sexual impulses4 ,n1 ( c\rse1 t any specifically sexual ideas are connect$ ) ^! feel+s3 su* ideas are abs5t 9 a mode/ & inexp]i5c$ m9d ev5 9 ! obvi\sly sexual passions ( love & jeal\sy4 ,^! second>y objects ( int]e/1 :i* are "s ( ! mo/ conspicu\s elem5ts ( beauty1 are to be call$ sexual = ^! two reasons3 because ! cont+5cies ( ! sexual function h>e help$ to e/abli% !m 9 our race1 & because !y owe _! fasc9ation 9 a great measure to ! p>ticipation ( our sexual life 9 ! reaction :i* !y cause4 ,if any "o 7 desir\s to produce a be+ ) a great susceptibility to beauty1 he c\ld n inv5t an in/rum5t bett] design$ = t object ?an sex4 ,individuals t ne$ n unite = ! bir? & re>+ ( ea* g5]ation1 might reta9 a savage indep5d5ce4 ,= !m x w\ld n be necess>y t any vision %\ld fasc9ate1 or t any languor %\ld s(t51 ! pry+ cruelty ( ! eye4 ,b sex end[s ! individual ) a dumb & p[]ful in/9ct1 :i* c>ries 8 body & s\l cont9ually t[>ds ano!r2 makes x "o ( ! de>e/ employm5ts ( 8 life to select & pursue a companion1 & jo9s to possession ! ke5e/ pleasure1 to rivalry ! fi]ce/ rage1 & to solitude an et]nal melan*oly4 ,:at m c\ld be ne$$ to suffuse ! _w ) ! deepe/ mean+ & beauty8 ,! att5tion is fix$ ^u a well-def9$ object1 & all ! effects x produces 9 ! m9d are easily reg>d$ z p[]s or qualities ( t object4 ,b ^! effects are "h p[]ful & pr(\nd4 ,! s\l is /irr$ to its dep?s4 ,its hidd5 treasures are br\ght to ! surface ( consci\sness4 ,! imag9ation & ! he>t awake = ! fir/ "t4 ,all ^! new values cry/allize ab\t ! objects !n (f]$ to ! m9d4 ,if ! fancy is occupi$ by ! image ( a s+le p]son1 ^: qualities h _h ! p[] ( precipitat+ ?is revolution1 all ! values ga!r ab\t t "o image4 ,! object becomes p]fect1 & we are said to be 9 love4#b ,if ! /imulus does n appe> z a def9ite image1 ! values evok$ are disp]s$ ov] ! _w1 & we are said to h become lov]s ( nature1 & to h discov]$ ! beauty & mean+ ( ?+s4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t ?is k9d ( int]e/ w c5tre 9 ! prop] object ( sexual passion1 & 9 ! special *>act]i/ics ( ! opposite sex2 & we f9d accord+ly t woman is ! mo/ lovely object to man1 & man1 if female mode/y w\ld confess x1 ! mo/ int]e/+ to woman4 ,b ! effects ( s fundam5tal & primitive a reaction are mu* m g5]al4 ,sex is n ! only object ( sexual passion4 ,:5 love lacks its specific object1 :5 x does n yet und]/& itself1 or has be5 sacrific$ to "s o!r int]e/1 we see ! /ifl$ fire bur/+ out 9 v>i\s directions4 ,"o is religi\s devotion1 ano!r is zeal\s philan?ropy1 a ?ird is ! fondl+ ( pet animals1 b n ! lea/ =tunate is ! love ( nature1 & ( art2 = nature also is (t5 a second mi/ress t consoles u = ! loss ( a fir/4 ,passion !n ov]fl[s & visibly floods ^? neighb\r+ regions :i* x _h always secretly wat]$4 ,= ! same n]v\s organization :i* sex involves1 ) its necess>ily wide bran*+s & associations 9 ! bra91 mu/ be p>tially /imulat$ by o!r objects ?an its specific or ultimate "o especially 9 man1 :o1 unlike "s ( ! l[] animals1 has n 8 in/9cts cle>ly di/9ct & int]mitt5t1 b always p>tially active1 & nev] active 9 isolation4 ,we may say1 !n1 t = man all nature is a second>y object ( sexual passion1 & t to ?is fact ! beauty ( nature is l>gely due4 ,social in/9cts & _! ae/hetic influ5ce4 #ad4 ,! function ( reproduction c>ries ) x n only direct modifications ( ! body & m9d1 b a :ole set ( social in/itutions1 = ! exi/5ce ( :i* social in/9cts & habits are necess>y 9 man4 ,^! social feel+s1 ! p>5tal1 ! patriotic1 or ! m]ely greg>i\s1 are n ( mu* direct value = ae/hetics1 al?\gh1 z is se5 9 ! case ( fa%ions1 !y are important 9 det]m9+ ! duration & preval5ce ( a ta/e once =m$4 ,indirectly !y are ( va/ importance & play a great rle 9 arts l poetry1 :]e ! effect dep5ds on :at is signifi$ m ?an on :at is (f]$ to s5se4 ,any appeal to a human int]e/ reb\nds 9 fav\r ( a "w ( art 9 :i* x is successfully made4 ,t int]e/1 unae/hetic 9 itself1 helps to fix ! att5tion & to furni% subject-matt] & mom5tum to arts & modes ( appreciation :i* are ae/hetic4 ,?us compreh5sion ( ! passion ( love is necess>y to ! appreciation ( numb]less songs1 plays1 & novels1 & n a few works ( musical & pla/ic art4 ,! treatm5t ( ^! matt]s mu/ be po/pon$ until we are prep>$ to deal ) expression -- ! mo/ complex elem5t ( effect4 ,x w suffice "h to po9t out :y social & greg>i\s impulses1 9 ! satisfaction ( :i* happ9ess ma9ly resides1 are ^? 9 :i* beauty f9ds lea/ support4 ,?is may help u to und]/& bett] ! relations betwe5 ae/hetics & h$onics1 & ! nature ( t objectification 9 :i* we h plac$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 beauty & pleasure4 ,s long z happ9ess is conceiv$ z a poet might conceive x1 namely1 9 its imm$iately s5su\s & emotional factors1 s long z we live 9 ! mom5t & make our happ9ess consi/ 9 ! simple/ ?+s1 -- 9 brea?+1 see+1 he>+1 lov+1 & sleep+1 -- our happ9ess has ! same sub/ance1 ! same elem5ts1 z our ae/hetic delight1 = x is ae/hetic delight t makes our happ9ess4 ,yet poets & arti/s1 ) _! imm$iate & ae/hetic joys1 are n ?\ght to be happy m52 !y !mselves are apt to be l\d 9 _! lam5tations1 & to reg>d !mselves z em95tly & tragically unhappy4 ,?is arises f ! int5sity & incon/ancy ( _! emotions1 f _! improvid5ce1 & f ! ecc5tricity ( _! social habits4 ,:ile among !m ! s5su\s & vital functions h ! upp] h&1 ! greg>i\s & social in/9cts are subord9at$ & (t5 d]ang$2 & _! unhapp9ess consi/s 9 ! s5se ( _! unfitness to live 9 ! _w into :i* !y are born4 ,b man is pre-em95tly a political animal1 & social ne$s are almo/ z fundam5tal 9 him z vital functions1 & (t5 m consci\s4 ,fri5d%ip1 weal?1 reputation1 p[]1 & influ5ce1 :5 add$ to family life1 con/itute surely ! ma9 elem5ts ( happ9ess4 ,n[ ^! are only v p>tially compos$ ( def9ite images ( objects4 ,! desire = !m1 ! consci\sness ( _! abs5ce or possession1 comes ^u u only :5 we reflect1 :5 we are plann+1 consid]+ ! future1 ga!r+ ! words ( o!rs1 rehe>s+ _! scorn or admiration = ourselves1 conceiv+ possible situations 9 :i* our virtue1 our fame or p[] w\ld become conspicu\s1 comp>+ our lot ) t ( o!rs1 & go+ ?r\gh o!r discursive processes ( ?\ght4 ,appreh5sion1 d\bt1 isolation1 are ?+s :i* come ^u u ke5ly :5 we reflect ^u our lives2 !y _c easily become qualities ( any object4 ,if by *ance !y c1 !y acquire a great ae/hetic value4 ,= in/ance1 home1 :i* 9 its social s5se is a concept ( happ9ess1 :5 x becomes mat]ializ$ 9 a cottage & a g>d5 becomes an ae/hetic concept1 becomes a beautiful ?+4 ,! happ9ess is objectifi$1 & ! object beautifi$4 ,social objects1 h[ev]1 are seldom ?us ae/hetic1 because !y are n ?us def9itely imag9able4 ,!y are diffuse & ab/ract1 & v]bal r ?an s5su\s 9 _! mat]ials4 ,!re=e ! great emotions t g ) !m are n imm$iately transmutable into beauty4 ,if arti/s & poets are unhappy1 x is aft] all because happ9ess does n int]e/ !m4 ,!y _c s]i\sly pursue x1 because its compon5ts are n compon5ts ( beauty1 & be+ 9 love ) beauty1 !y neglect & despise ^? unae/hetic social virtues 9 ! op]ation ( :i* happ9ess is f\nd4 ,on ! o!r h& ^? :o pursue happ9ess conceiv$ m]ely 9 ! ab/ract & conv5tional t]ms1 z money1 success1 or respectability1 (t5 miss t real & fundam5tal "p ( happ9ess :i* fl[s f ! s5ses & imag9ation4 ,?is elem5t is :at ae/hetics supplies to life2 = beauty also c be a cause & a factor ( happ9ess4 ,yet ! happ9ess ( lov+ beauty is ei!r too s5su\s to be /able1 or else too ultimate1 too sacram5tal1 to be acc\nt$ happ9ess by ! worldly m9d4 ,! l[] s5ses4 #ae4 ,! s5ses ( t\*1 ta/e1 & smell1 al?\gh capable no d\bt ( a great developm5t1 h n s]v$ 9 man = ! purposes ( intellig5ce s mu* z ^? ( sight & he>+4 ,x is natural t z !y rema9 normally 9 ! backgr\nd ( consci\sness1 & furni% ! lea/ "p ( our objectifi$ ideas1 ! pleasures connect$ ) !m %\ld rema9 also deta*$1 & unus$ = ! purpose ( appreciation ( nature4 ,!y h be5 call$ ! unae/hetic1 z well z ! l[]1 s5ses2 b ! propriety ( ^! epi!ts1 :i* is und5iable1 is due n to any intr9sic s5suality or bas5ess ( ^! s5ses1 b to ! function :i* !y happ5 to h 9 our exp]i5ce4 ,smell & ta/e1 l he>+1 h ! great disadvantage ( n be+ intr9sically spatial3 !y are !re=e n fitt$ to s]ve = ! repres5tation ( nature1 :i* all[s h]self to be accurately conceiv$ only 9 spatial t]ms4#c ,!y h n rea*$1 moreov]1 ! same organization z s\nds1 & !re=e _c furni% any play ( subjective s5sation comp>able to music 9 int]e/4 ,! objectification ( musical =ms is due to _! fixity & complexity3 l words1 !y are ?\ght ( z exi/+ 9 a social m$ium1 & c be beautiful )\t be+ spatial4 ,b ta/es h nev] be5 s accurately or univ]sally classifi$ & di/+ui%$2 ! in/rum5t ( s5sation does n all[ su* nice & /able discrim9ations z does ! e>4 ,! art ( comb9+ di%es & w9es1 al?\gh "o :i* ev]ybody practises ) m or less skill & att5tion1 deals ) a mat]ial f> too unrepres5table to be call$ beautiful4 ,! art rema9s 9 ! sph]e ( ! pleasant1 & is consequ5tly reg>d$ z s]vile1 r ?an f9e4 ,arti/s 9 life1 if t expression may be us$ = ^? :o h beautifi$ social & dome/ic exi/5ce1 h appeal$ cont9ually to ^! l[] s5ses4 ,a fragrant g>d51 & sav\ry meats1 inc5se1 & p]fumes1 s(t /uffs1 & delici\s col\rs1 =m our ideal ( ori5tal luxuries1 an ideal :i* appeals too mu* to human nature ev] to lose its *>m4 ,yet our nor!rn poets h seldom attempt$ to ar\se ^! images 9 _! s5su\s int5sity1 )\t reliev+ !m by "s imag9ative t\*4 ,9 ,keats1 = example1 we f9d ! foll[+ l9es3 -- ,& /ill %e slept 9 azure-lidd$ sleep1 ,9 blan*$ l951 smoo? & lav5d]$1 ,:ile he f =? ! closet br\ght a heap ,( c&i$ apple1 qu9ce1 & plum1 & g\rd1 ,) jellies soo!r ?an ! creamy curd1 ,& luc5t syrops t9ct ) c9namon2 ,manna & dates 9 argosy transf]r$ ,f ,fez2 & spic$ da9ties1 e "o ,f silk5 ,sam>c& to c$>$ ,lebanon4 ,ev5 ! mo/ s5su\s ( ,engli% poets1 9 :om ! love ( beauty is supreme1 _c keep long to ! primal elem5ts ( beauty2 ! high] flight is inevitable = him4 ,& h[ mu* does n ! appeal to ?+s 9 argosy transf]r$ f ,fez1 re9=c$ ) ! ref]5ce to ,sam>c& & especially to ! au?oriz$ beauties ( ! c$>s ( ,lebanon1 :i* ev5 ! ,puritan may s+ )\t a blu%1 add to our wav]+ satisfaction & reconcile our consci5ce to ?is un*ri/ian indulg5ce ( s5se6 ,b ! "t may be ne> :5 su* scruples w be less common1 & our poetry1 ) our o!r arts1 w dwell ne>] to ! f\nta9-head ( all inspiration4 ,= if no?+ n once 9 s5se is to be f\nd 9 ! intellect1 mu* less is su* a ?+ to be f\nd 9 ! imag9ation4 ,if ! c$>s ( ,lebanon did n spread a grateful %ade1 or ! w9ds ru/le ?r\gh ! maze ( _! bran*es1 if ,lebanon _h nev] be5 beautiful to s5se1 x w\ld n n[ be a fit or poetic subject ( allusion4 ,& ! ^w ,fez w\ld be )\t imag9ative value if no travell] _h ev] felt ! intoxication ( ! torrid sun1 ! languors ( ori5tal luxury1 or1 l ! ,briti% soldi]1 cri$ amid ! dre>y moralities ( 8 native l&3 -- ,take me some:]e ea/ ( ,suez ,:]e ! be/ is l ! wor/1 ,:]e !re a9't no t5 comm&m5ts ,& a man may raise a ?ir/4 ,nor w\ld ,sam>c& be any?+ b = ! my/]y ( ! des]t & ! picturesqu5ess ( c>avans1 nor w\ld an argosy be poetic if ! sea _h no voices & no foam1 ! w9ds & o>s no resi/ance1 & ! rudd] & taut %eets no pull4 ,f ^! real s5sations imag9ation draws its life1 & sugge/ion its p[]4 ,! sweep ( ! fancy is itself also agreeable2 b ! sup]iority ( ! di/ant ov] ! pres5t is only due to ! mass & v>iety ( ! pleasures t c be sugge/$1 comp>$ ) ! pov]ty ( ^? t c at any "t be felt4 ,s\nd4 #af4 ,s\nd %>es ) ! l[] s5ses ! disadvantage ( hav+ no intr9sic spatial "*2 x1 !re=e1 =ms no "p ( ! prop]ly ab/ract$ ext]nal _w1 & ! pleasures ( ! e> _c become1 9 ! lit]al s5se1 qualities ( ?+s4 ,b !re is 9 s\nds su* an exquisite & cont9u\s gradation 9 pit*1 & su* a measurable relation 9 l5g?1 t an object almo/ z complex & describable z ! visible "o c be built out ( !m4 ,:at gives spatial =ms _! value 9 description ( ! environm5t is ! ease ) :i* discrim9ations & comp>isons c be made 9 spatial objects3 !y are measurable1 :ile unspatial s5sations commonly are n4 ,b s\nds are also measurable 9 _! own category3 !y h comp>able pit*es & durations1 & def9ite & recognizable comb9ations ( ^? s5su\s elem5ts are z truly objects z *airs & tables4 ,n t a musical composition exi/s 9 any my/ical way1 z a portion ( ! music ( ! sph]es1 :i* no "o is he>+2 b t1 = a critical philosophy1 visible objects are also no?+ b possibilities ( s5sation4 ,! real _w is m]ely ! %ad[ ( t assurance ( ev5tual exp]i5ce :i* accompanies sanity4 ,?is objectivity c accrue to any m5tal figm5t t has en\gh cohesion1 cont5t1 & individuality to be describable & recognizable1 & ^! qualities belong no less to audible ?an to spatial ideas4 ,!re is1 accord+ly1 "s ju/ification 9 ,s*op5hau]'s speculative ass]tion t music repeats ! entire _w ( s5se1 & is a p>allel me?od ( expression ( ! und]ly+ sub/ance1 or w4 ,! _w ( s\nd is c]ta9ly capable ( inf9ite v>iety &1 7 our s5se develop$1 ( inf9ite ext5sions2 & x has z mu* z ! _w ( matt] ! p[] to int]e/ u & to /ir our emotions4 ,x 0 !re=e pot5tially z full ( mean+4 ,b x has prov$ ! less s]viceable & con/ant app>ition2 &1 !re=e1 music1 :i* builds ) its mat]ials1 :ile ! pure/ & mo/ impressive ( ! arts1 is ! lea/ human & in/ructive ( !m4 ,! pleasantness ( s\nds has a simple physical basis4 ,all s5sations are pleasant only betwe5 c]ta9 limits ( int5sity2 b ! e> c discrim9ate easily betwe5 noises1 t 9 !mselves are un9t]e/+1 if n annoy+1 & notes1 :i* h an unmi/akable *>m4 ,a s\nd is a note if ! pulsations ( ! air by :i* x is produc$ recur at regul> int]vals4 ,if !re is no regul> recurr5ce ( waves1 x is a noise4 ,! rapidity ( ^! regul> beats det]m9es ! pit* ( tones4 ,t quality or timbre by :i* "o s\nd is di/+ui%$ f ano!r ( ! same pit* & int5sity is due to ! diff]5t complications ( waves 9 ! air2 ! ability to discrim9ate ! v>i\s waves 9 ! vibrat+ air is1 !re=e1 ! condition ( our f9d+ music 9 x2 = e wave has its p]iod1 & :at we call a noise is a complication ( notes too complex = our organs or our att5tion to deciph]4 ,we f9d "h1 at ! v ?re%old ( our subject1 a cle> in/ance ( a conflict ( pr9ciples :i* appe>s ev]y:]e 9 ae/hetics1 & is ! s\rce & explanation ( _m conflicts ( ta/e4 ,s9ce a note is he>d :5 a set ( regul> vibrations c be discrim9at$ 9 ! *aos ( s\nd1 x appe>s t ! p]ception & value ( ?is arti/ic elem5t dep5ds on ab/raction1 on ! omission f ! field ( att5tion1 ( all ! elem5ts :i* d n con=m to a simple law4 ,?is may be call$ ! pr9ciple ( purity4 ,b if x 71 ! only pr9ciple at "w1 !re w\ld be no music m beautiful ?an ! tone ( a tun+-=k4 ,su* s\nds1 al?\gh delightful p]haps to a *ild1 are soon t$i\s4 ,! pr9ciple ( purity mu/ make "s compromise ) ano!r pr9ciple1 :i* we may call t ( int]e/4 ,! object mu/ h en\gh v>iety & expression to hold our att5tion = a :ile1 & to /ir our nature widely4 ,z we are m acutely s5sitive to results or to processes1 we f9d ! mo/ agreeable effect ne>] to "o or to ! o!r ( ^! extremes ( a t$i\s beauty or ( an unbeautiful expressiv5ess4 ,b ^! pr9ciples1 z is cle>1 are n coord9ate4 ,! *ild :o enjoys 8 rattle or 8 trumpet has ae/hetic enjoym5t1 ( h[ev] rude a k9d2 b ! ma/] ( te*nique :o %\ld give a p]=mance :olly )\t s5su\s *>m w\ld be a gymna/ & n a musician1 & ! au?or ^: novels & poems %\ld be m]ely expressive1 & int]e/+ only by _! mean+ & moral1 w\ld be a writ] ( hi/ory or philosophy1 b n an arti/4 ,! pr9ciple ( purity is !re=e ess5tial to ae/hetic effect1 b ! pr9ciple ( int]e/ is subsidi>y1 & if appeal$ to alone w\ld fail to produce beauty4 ,! di/9ction1 h[ev]1 is n absolute3 = ! simple s5sation is itself int]e/+1 & ! complication1 if x is appreciable by s5se & does n require discursive ?\ght to grasp x1 is itself beautiful4 ,!re may be a "w ( art 9 :i* ! s5su\s mat]ials are n pleas+1 z a disc\rse )\t euphony1 if ! /ructure & expression give delight2 & !re may be an int]e/+ object )\t p]ceiv$ /ructure1 l musical notes1 or ! blue sky4 ,p]fection w\ld1 ( c\rse1 lie 9 ! union ( elem5ts all intr9sically beautiful1 9 =ms also intr9sically s2 b :]e ?is is impossible1 diff]5t natures pref] to sacrifice "o or ! o!r advantage4 ,col\r4 #ag4 ,9 ! eye we h an organ s diff]5tiat$ t x is s5sitive to a mu* m subtle influ5ce ?an ev5 t ( air waves4 ,!re seems to be1 9 ! int]/ell> spaces1 "s p]vasive fluid1 = ! light ( ! remote/ /> is rapidly convey$ to u1 & we c h>dly und]/& h[ ?is radiation ( light1 :i* takes place beyond our atmosph]e1 c\ld be realiz$ )\t "s m$ium4 ,?is hypo!tical m$ium we call ! e!r4 ,x is capable ( v rapid vibrations1 :i* are propagat$ 9 all directions1 l ! waves ( s\nd1 only mu* m quickly4 ,_m common obs]vations1 su* z ! app>5t int]val betwe5 lightn+ & ?und]1 make u aw>e ( ! quick] motion ( light4 ,n[1 s9ce nature 0 fill$ ) ?is responsive fluid1 :i* propagat$ to all di/ances vibrations orig9at+ at any po9t1 & moreov] z ^! vibrations1 :5 int]cept$ by a solid body1 7 reflect$ :olly or 9 "p1 x obvi\sly became v advantage\s to e animal to develope an organ s5sitive to ^! vibrations -- s5sitive1 t is1 to light4 ,= ?is w\ld give ! m9d in/antane\s impressions dep5d5t ^u ! pres5ce & nature ( di/ant objects4 ,to ?is circum/ance we mu/ attribute ! primacy ( sight 9 our p]ception1 a primacy t makes light ! natural symbol ( k4 ,:5 ! "t came = our intellig5ce to take ! great metaphysical leap1 & conceive its cont5t z p]man5t & indep5d5t1 or1 9 o!r words1 to imag9e ?+s1 ! idea ( ^! ?+s _h to be con/ruct$ out ( ! mat]ials already pres5t to ! m9d4 ,b ! fitte/ mat]ial = su* con/ruction 0 t furni%$ by ! eye1 s9ce x is ! eye t br+s u into wide/ relations ) our actual environm5t1 & gives u ! quicke/ w>n+ ( approa*+ impressions4 ,sight has a prophetic function4 ,we are less int]e/$ 9 x = itself ?an = ! sugge/ion x br+s ( :at may foll[ aft]4 ,sight is a me?od ( pres5t+ psy*ically :at is practically abs5t2 & z ! ess5ce ( ! ?+ is its exi/5ce 9 our abs5ce1 ! ?+ is spontane\sly conceiv$ 9 t]ms ( sight4 ,sight is1 !re=e1 p]ception p> excell5ce1 s9ce we become mo/ easily aw>e ( objects ?r\gh visual ag5cy & 9 visual t]ms4 ,n[1 z ! values ( p]ception are ^? we call ae/hetic1 & !re c\ld be no beauty if !re 0 no conception ( indep5d5t objects1 we may expect to f9d beauty d]iv$ ma9ly f ! pleasures ( sight4 ,&1 9 fact1 =m1 :i* is almo/ a synonym ( beauty1 is = u usually some?+ visible3 x is a syn!sis ( ! se54 ,b prior to ! effect ( =m1 :i* arises 9 ! con/ructive imag9ation1 comes ! effect ( col\r2 ?is is purely s5su\s1 & no bett] intr9sically ?an ! effects ( any o!r s5se3 b be+ m involv$ 9 ! p]ception ( objects ?an are ! re/1 x becomes m readily an elem5t ( beauty4 ,! values ( col\rs diff] appreciably & h analogy to ! diff]+ values ( o!r s5sations4 ,z sweet or pung5t smells1 z high & l[ notes1 or major & m9or *ords1 diff] f ea* o!r by virtue ( _! diff]5t /imulation ( ! s5ses1 s also r$ diff]s f gre51 & gre5 f violet4 ,!re is a n]v\s process = ea*1 & consequ5tly a specific value4 ,?is emotional quality has aff9ity to ! emotional quality ( o!r s5sations2 we ne$ n be surpris$ t ! high rate ( vibration :i* yields a %>p note to ! e> %\ld involve some:at ! same feel+ t is produc$ by ! high rate ( vibration :i*1 to ! eye1 yields a violet col\r4 ,^! aff9ities escape _m m9ds2 b x is conceivable t ! s5se ( !m %\ld be improv$ by accid5t or tra9+4 ,!re are c]ta9 effects ( col\r :i* give all m5 pleasure1 & o!rs :i* j>1 almo/ l a musical discord4 ,a m g5]al developm5t ( ?is s5sibility w\ld make possible a new ab/ract art1 an art t %\ld deal ) col\rs z music does ) s\nd4 ,we h n /udi$ ^! effects1 h[ev]1 ) en\gh att5tion1 we h n all[$ !m to p5etrate en\gh into ! s\l1 to ?9k !m v significant4 ,! /imulation ( fireworks1 or ( kaleidoscopic effects1 seems to u trivial4 ,b ev]y?+ :i* has a v>i$ cont5t has a pot5tiality ( =m & also ( mean+4 ,! =m w be enjoy$ z soon z att5tion accu/oms u to discrim9ate & recognize its v>iations2 & mean+ w accrue to x1 :5 ! v>i\s emotional values ( ^! =ms ally ! new object to all o!r exp]i5ces :i* involve simil> emotions1 & ?us give x a sympa!tic environm5t 9 ! m9d4 ,! col\rs ( ! sunset h a brilliancy t attracts att5tion1 & a s(tness & illusiv5ess t en*ant ! eye2 :ile ! _m associations ( ! ev5+ & ( heav5 ga!r ab\t ?is k9dr$ *>m & deep5 x4 ,?us ! mo/ s5su\s ( beauties c be full ( s5tim5tal sugge/ion4 ,9 /a9$ glass1 also1 we h an example ( masses ( col\r made to ex]t _! p[]ful direct influ5ce1 to int5sify an emotion ev5tually to be atta*$ to v ideal objects2 :at is 9 itself a gorge\s & unmean+ ornam5t1 by its absolute impressiv5ess becomes a vivid symbol ( ^? o!r ultimates :i* h a simil> p[] ov] ! s\l4 ,mat]ials survey$4 #ah4 ,we h n[ gone ov] ^? organs ( p]ception t give u ! mat]ials out ( :i* we con/ruct objects1 & m5tion$ ! mo/ conspicu\s pleasures :i*1 z !y arise f ^? organs1 are easily m]g$ 9 ! ideas furni%$ by ! same4 ,we h also notic$ t ^! ideas1 conspicu\s z !y are 9 our develop$ & op]at+ consci\sness1 are n s mu* factors 9 our ?\ght1 indep5d5t contributors to x1 z !y are discrim9ations & excisions 9 its cont5t1 :i*1 aft] !y are all made1 leave /ill a backgr\nd ( vital feel+4 ,= ! out] s5ses are b a portion ( our s5sorium1 & ! ideas ( ea*1 or ( all toge!r1 b a portion ( our consci\sness4 ,! pleasures :i* accompany ideation we h also f\nd to be unit>y & vital2 only j z = practical purposes x is necess>y to ab/ract & discrim9ate ! contribution ( "o s5se f t ( ano!r1 & ?us to become aw>e ( p>ticul> & def9able impressions1 s x is natural t ! diffus$ emotional tone ( ! body %\ld also be divid$1 & a c]ta9 modicum ( pleasure or pa9 %\ld be attribut$ to ea* idea4 ,our pleasures are ?us describ$ z ! pleasures ( t\*1 ta/e1 smell1 he>+1 & sight1 & may become elem5ts ( beauty at ! same "t z ! ideas to1 :i* !y are atta*$ become elem5ts ( objects4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a rema9d] ( emotion z !re is a rema9d] ( s5sation2 & ! importance ( ?is rema9d] -- ( ! cont9uum 9 :i* lie all p>ticul> pleasures & pa9s -- 0 insi/$ ^u 9 ! beg9n+4 ,! beauty ( ! _w1 inde$1 _c be attribut$ :olly or ma9ly to pleasures ?us atta*$ to ab/ract$ s5sations4 ,x is only ! beauty ( ! mat]ials ( ?+s :i* is drawn f ! pleasures ( s5sation4 ,by f> ! mo/ important effects are n attributable to ^! mat]ials1 b to _! arrangem5t & _! ideal relations4 ,we h yet to /udy ^? processes ( our m9d by :i* ?is arrangem5t & ^! relations are conceiv$2 & ! pleasures :i* we c atta* to ^! processes may !n be add$ to ! pleasures atta*$ to s5se z fur!r & m subtle elem5ts ( beauty4 ,b be=e pass+ to ! consid]ation ( ?is m intricate subject1 we may note t h[ev] subord9ate ! beauty may be :i* a g>m5t1 a build+1 or a poem d]ives f its s5su\s mat]ial1 yet ! pres5ce ( ?is s5su\s mat]ial is indisp5sable4 ,=m _c be ! =m ( no?+4 ,if1 !n1 9 f9d+ or creat+ beauty1 we ignore ! mat]ials ( ?+s1 & att5d only to _! =m1 we miss an ev]-pres5t opportunity to height5 our effects4 ,= :atev] delight ! =m may br+1 ! mat]ial might h giv5 delight already1 & s mu* w\ld h be5 ga9$ t[>ds ! value ( ! total result4 ,s5su\s beauty is n ! greate/ or mo/ important elem5t ( effect1 b x is ! mo/ primitive & fundam5tal1 & ! mo/ univ]sal4 ,!re is no effect ( =m :i* an effect ( mat]ial c\ld n enhance1 & ?is effect ( mat]ial1 und]ly+ t ( =m1 raises ! latt] to a high] p[] & gives ! beauty ( ! object a c]ta9 poignancy1 ?or\ghness1 & inf9ity :i* x o!rwise w\ld h lack$4 ,! ,p>!non n 9 m>ble1 ! k+'s cr[n n ( gold1 & ! />s n ( fire1 w\ld be feeble & prosaic ?+s4 ,! great] hold :i* mat]ial beauty has ^u ! s5ses1 /imulates u "h1 :]e ! =m is also sublime1 & lifts & int5sifies our emotions4 ,we ne$ ?is /imulus if our p]ceptions are to rea* ! highe/ pit* ( /r5g? & acut5ess4 ,no?+ c be ravi%+ t is n beautiful p]vasively4 ,& ano!r po9t4 ,! wid] diffusion ( s5su\s beauty makes x z x 7 ! poor man's good4 ,few] factors are ne$$ to produce x & less tra9+ to appreciate x4 ,! s5ses are indisp5sable in/rum5ts ( lab\r1 develop$ by ! necessities ( life2 b _! p]fect developm5t produces a h>mony betwe5 ! inw>d /ructure & in/9ct ( ! organ & ! outw>d opportunities = its use2 & ?is h>mony is ! s\rce ( cont9ual pleasures4 ,9 ! sph]e ( s5se1 !re=e1 a c]ta9 cultivation is inevitable 9 man2 (t5 great]1 inde$1 among rude peoples1 p]haps among animals1 ?an among ^? ^: att5tion takes a wid] sweep & ^: ideas are m ab/ract4 ,)\t requir+1 !re=e1 t a man %\ld rise above 8 /ation1 or develope capacities :i* 8 opportunities w seldom employ1 we may yet end[ 8 life ) ae/hetic int]e/1 if we all[ him ! enjoym5t ( s5su\s beauty4 ,?is enri*es him )\t add+ to 8 lab\r1 & flatt]s him )\t ali5at+ him f 8 _w4 ,ta/e1 :5 x is spontane\s1 always beg9s ) ! s5ses4 ,*ildr5 & savages1 z we are s (t5 told1 delight 9 bright & v>iegat$ col\rs2 ! simple/ p appreciate ! neatness ( musl9 curta9s1 %9+ v>ni%1 & burni%$ pots4 ,a ru/ic g>d5 is a %all[ pat*work ( ! livelie/ fl[]s1 )\t t res]ve & repose :i* is giv5 by spaces & masses4 ,noise & vivacity is all t *ildi% music conta9s1 & primitive songs add little m ( =m ?an :at is requir$ to compose a few monoton\s cad5ces4 ,^! limitations are n to be regrett$2 !y are a pro( ( s9c]ity4 ,su* simplicity is n ! abs5ce ( ta/e1 b ! beg9n+ ( x4 ,a p ) g5u9e ae/hetic p]ceptions creates traditional =ms & expresses ! simple pa?os ( its life1 9 un*ang+ b significant !mes1 repeat$ by g5]ation aft] g5]ation4 ,:5 s9c]ity is lo/1 & a snobbi% ambition is sub/itut$ bad ta/e comes 94 ,! ess5ce ( x is a sub/itution ( non-ae/hetic = ae/hetic values4 ,to love glass beads because !y are beautiful is b>b>\s1 p]haps1 b n vulg>2 to love jewels only because !y are de> is vulg>1 & to betray ! motive by plac+ !m ineffectively is an (f5ce aga9/ ta/e4 ,! te/ is always ! same3 ,does ! ?+ itself actually please8 ,if x does1 y\r ta/e is real2 x may be diff]5t f t ( o!rs1 b is equally ju/ifi$ & gr\nd$ 9 human nature4 ,if x does n1 y\r :ole judgm5t is spuri\s1 & y are guilty1 n ( h]esy1 :i* 9 ae/hetics is or?odoxy itself1 b ( hypocrisy1 :i* is a self-excommunication f its sph]e4 ,n[1 a great sign ( ?is hypocrisy is ins5sibility to s5su\s beauty4 ,:5 p %[ !mselves indiff]5t to prim>y & fundam5tal effects1 :5 !y are incapable ( f9d+ pictures except 9 frames or beauties except 9 ! great ma/]s1 we may ju/ly suspect t !y are p>rots1 & t _! v]bal & hi/orical k cov]s a natural lack ( ae/hetic s5se4 ,:]e1 on ! contr>y1 ins5sibility to high] =ms ( beauty does n exclude a natural love ( ! l[]1 we h e reason to be enc\rag$2 !re is a true & heal?y ta/e1 :i* only ne$s exp]i5ce to ref9e x4 ,if a man dem&s light1 s\nd1 & spl5d\r1 he proves t he has ! ae/hetic equilibrium2 t appe>ances z su* int]e/ him1 & t he c pause 9 p]ception to enjoy4 ,we h b to v>y 8 obs]vation1 to enl>ge 8 ?\ght1 to multiply 8 discrim9ations -- all ( :i* education c d -- & ! same ae/hetic habit w reveal to him e %ade ( ! fit & fair4 ,or if x %\ld n1 & ! man1 al?\gh s5su\sly gift$1 prov$ to be imag9atively dull1 at lea/ he w\ld n h fail$ to cat* an intimate & wide-spread elem5t ( effect4 ,! beauty ( mat]ial is ?us ! gr\ndwork ( all high] beauty1 bo? 9 ! object1 ^: =m & mean+ h to be lodg$ 9 some?+ s5sible1 & 9 ! m9d1 :]e s5su\s ideas1 be+ ! fir/ to em]ge1 are ! fir/ t c ar\se delight4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,=m ,!re is a beauty ( =m4 #ai4 ,! mo/ rem>kable & *>act]i/ic problem ( ae/hetics is t ( beauty ( =m4 ,:]e !re is a s5su\s delight1 l t ( col\r1 & ! impression ( ! object is 9 its elem5ts agreeable1 we h to look no f>!r = an explanation ( ! *>m we feel4 ,:]e !re is expression1 & an object indiff]5t to ! s5ses is associat$ ) o!r ideas :i* are int]e/+1 ! problem1 al?\gh complex & v>i$1 is 9 pr9ciple comp>atively pla94 ,b !re is an int]m$iate effect :i* is m my/]i\s1 & m specifically an effect ( beauty4 ,x is f\nd :]e s5sible elem5ts1 by !mselves indiff]5t1 are s unit$ z to please 9 comb9ation4 ,!re is some?+ unexpect$ 9 ?is ph5om5on1 s mu* s t ^? :o _c conceive its explanation (t5 reassure !mselves by d5y+ its exi/5ce4 ,to r$uce beauty ( =m1 h[ev]1 to beauty ( elem5ts w\ld n be easy1 because ! creation & v>iation ( effect1 by *ang+ ! relation ( ! simple/ l9es1 (f]s too easy an exp]im5t 9 refutation4 ,& x w\ld1 moreov]1 foll[ to ! com=t ( ! vulg> t all m>ble h\ses are equally beautiful4 ,to attribute beauty ( =m to expression is m plausible4 ,if ,i take ! mean+less %ort l9es 9 ! figure & arrange !m 9 ! giv5 ways1 int5d$ to repres5t ! human face1 !re appe> at once notably diff]5t ae/hetic values4 ,illu/ration ( long & %ort l9es ,illu/ration ( l9es arrang$ into ?ree facial pr(iles ,two ( ! =ms are diff]5tly grotesque & "o approximately beautiful4 ,n[ ^! effects are due to ! expression ( ! l9es2 n only because !y make "o ?9k ( fair or ugly faces1 b because1 x may be said1 ^! faces w\ld 9 reality be fair or ugly accord+ to _! expression1 accord+ to ! vital & moral associations ( ! diff]5t types4 ,nev]!less1 beauty ( =m _c be r$uc$ to expression )\t d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( imm$iate ae/hetic values altoge!r1 & r$uc+ !m all to sugge/ions ( moral good4 ,= if ! object express$ by ! =m1 & f :i* ! =m d]ives its value1 _h itself beauty ( =m1 we %\ld n advance2 we mu/ come some:]e to ! po9t :]e ! expression is ( some?+ else ?an beauty2 & ?is some?+ else w\ld ( c\rse be "s practical or moral good4 ,morali/s are fond ( su* an int]pretation1 & x is a v int]e/+ "o4 ,x puts beauty 9 ! same relation to morals 9 :i* morals /& to pleasure & pa92 bo? w\ld be intuitions1 qualitatively new1 b ) ! same mat]ials2 !y w\ld be new p]spectives ( ! same object4 ,b ?is !ory is actually inadmissible4 ,innum]able ae/hetic effects1 inde$ all specific & unmix$ ones1 are direct transmutations ( pleasures & pa9s2 !y express no?+ extr9sic to !mselves1 mu* less moral excell5ces4 ,! deta*$ l9es ( our figure signify no?+1 b !y are n absolutely un9t]e/+2 ! /raight l9e is ! simple/ & n ! lea/ beautiful ( =ms4 ,to say t x owes its int]e/ to ! ?\ght ( ! economy ( travell+ ov] ! %orte/ road1 or ( o!r practical advantages1 w\ld betray a feeble hold on psy*ological reality4 ,! impression ( a /raight l9e diff]s 9 a c]ta9 almo/ emotional way f t ( a curve1 z ^? ( v>i\s curves d f "o ano!r4 ,! quality ( ! s5sation is diff]5t1 l t ( v>i\s col\rs or s\nds4 ,to attribute ! "* ( ^! =ms to association w\ld be l expla9+ sea-sickness z ! fe> ( %ipwreck4 ,!re is a di/9ct quality & value1 (t5 a s+ul> beauty1 9 ^! simple l9es t is intr9sic 9 ! p]ception ( _! =m4 ,x w\ld be p$antic1 p]haps1 any:]e b 9 a treatise on ae/hetics1 to d5y to ?is quality ! "n ( expression2 we might commonly say t ! circle has "o expression & ! oval ano!r4 ,b :at does ! circle express except circul>ity1 or ! oval except ! nature ( ! ellipse8 ,su* expression expresses no?+2 x is really impression4 ,!re may be analogy betwe5 x & o!r impressions2 we may admit t od\rs1 col\rs1 & s\nds correspond1 & may mutually sugge/ "o ano!r2 b ?is analogy is a sup]add$ *>m felt by v s5sitive natures1 & does n con/itute ! orig9al value ( ! s5sations4 ,! common emotional t+e is r :at enables !m to sugge/ "o ano!r1 & :at makes !m comp>able4 ,_! expression1 su* z x is1 is !re=e due to ! accid5t t bo? feel+s h a k9dr$ quality2 & ?is quality has its effectiv5ess = s5se indep5d5tly ( ! p]ception ( its recurr5ce 9 a diff]5t sph]e4 ,we %all accord+ly take c>e to res]ve ! t]m expression = ! sugge/ion ( "s o!r & assignable object1 f :i* ! expressive ?+ borr[s an int]e/2 & we %all speak ( ! intr9sic quality ( =ms z _! emotional t+e or specific value4 ,physiology ( ! p]ception ( =m4 #bj4 ,! *>m ( a l9e evid5tly consi/s 9 ! relation ( its p>ts2 9 ord] to und]/& ?is int]e/ 9 spatial relations1 we mu/ inquire h[ !y are p]ceiv$4#d ,if ! eye _h its s5sitive surface1 ! ret9a1 expos$ directly to ! light1 we c\ld nev] h a p]ception ( =m any m ?an 9 ! nose or e>1 :i* also p]ceive ! object ?r\gh m$ia4 ,:5 ! p]ception is n ?r\gh a m$ium1 b direct1 z 9 ! case ( ! sk91 we might get a notion ( =m1 because ea* po9t ( ! object w\ld excite a s+le po9t 9 ! sk91 & z ! s5sations 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! sk9 diff] 9 quality1 a manifold ( s5se1 9 :i* discrim9ation ( p>ts w\ld be involv$1 c\ld be pres5t$ to ! m9d4 ,b :5 ! p]ception is ?r\gh a m$ium1 a difficulty arises4 ,any po9t1 a1 9 ! object w s5d a ray to e po9t1 a'1 b'1 c'1 ( ! s5sitive surface2 e po9t ( ! ret9a w !re=e be simil>ly affect$1 s9ce ea* w receive rays f e "p ( ! object4 ,illu/ration ( light rays ,if all ! rays f "o po9t ( ! object1 a1 are to be conc5trat$ on a correspond+ po9t ( ! ret9a1 a :i* w\ld !n become ! exclusive repres5tative ( a1 we mu/ h "o or m refract+ surfaces int]pos$1 to ga!r ! rays toge!r4 ,! pres5ce ( ! l5s1 ) its v>i\s coat+s1 has made repres5tation ( po9t by po9t possible = ! eye4 ,! abs5ce ( su* an in/rum5t makes ! same sort ( repres5tation impossible to o!r s5ses1 su* z ! nose1 :i* does n smell 9 "o place ! effluvia ( "o "p ( ! environm5t & 9 ano!r place ! effluvia ( ano!r1 b smells indiscrim9ately ! comb9ation ( all4 ,eyes )\t l5ses l ^? possess$ by "s animals1 und\bt$ly give only a consci\sness ( diffus$ light1 )\t ! possibility ( b\nd>ies or divisions 9 ! field ( view4 ,! ab/raction ( col\r f =m is !re=e by no means an artificial "o1 s9ce1 by a simplification ( ! organ ( s5se1 "o may be p]ceiv$ )\t ! o!r4 ,b ev5 if ! l5s enables ! eye to receive a di/ribut$ image ( ! object1 ! manifold :i* consci\sness w\ld p]ceive w\ld n be necess>ily a manifold ( p>ts juxtapos$ 9 space4 ,ba* po9t ( ! ret9a might s5d to ! bra9 a deta*$ impression2 ^! might be comp>able1 b n necess>ily 9 _! spatial position4 ,! e> s5ds to ! bra9 su* a manifold ( impressions 7s9ce ! e> also has an app>atus by :i* v>i\s ext]nal diff]5ces 9 rapidity ( vibrations are di/ribut$ into diff]5t p>ts ( ! organ74 ,b ?is discrim9at$ manifold is a manifold ( pit*es1 n ( positions4 ,h[ does x happ5 t ! manifold convey$ by ! optic n]ve appe>s 9 consci\sness z spatial1 & t ! relation betwe5 its elem5ts is se5 z a relation ( position8 ,an answ] to ?is "q has be5 sugge/$ by v>i\s psy*ologi/s4 ,! eye1 by an in/9ctive movem5t1 turns s z to br+ e impression ^u t po9t ( ! ret9a1 ne> its c5tre1 :i* has ! acute/ s5sibility4 ,a s]ies ( muscul> s5sations !re=e always foll[s ^u ! conspicu\s excitem5t ( any outly+ po9t4 ,! object1 z ! eye br+s x to ! c5tre ( vision1 excites a s]ies ( po9ts ^u ! ret9a2 & ! local sign1 or peculi> quality ( s5sation1 prop] to ea* ( ^! spots1 is associat$ ) t s]ies ( muscul> feel+s involv$ 9 turn+ ! eyes4 ,^! feel+s h5ce=? revive toge!r2 x is en\gh t a po9t 9 ! p]iph]y ( ! ret9a %\ld receive a ray1 = ! m9d to feel1 toge!r ) t impression1 ! sugge/ion ( a motion1 & ( ! l9e ( po9ts t lies betwe5 ! excit$ po9t & ! c5tre ( vision4 ,a network ( associations is ?us =m$1 :]eby ! s5sation ( ea* ret9al po9t is connect$ ) all ! o!rs 9 a mann] :i* is t ( po9ts 9 a plane4 ,e visible po9t becomes ?us a po9t 9 a field1 & has a felt radiation ( l9es ( possible motion ab\t x4 ,our notion ( visual space has ?is orig91 s9ce ! manifold ( ret9al impressions is di/ribut$ 9 a mann] :i* s]ves z ! type & exempl> ( :at we mean by a surface4 ,values ( geometrical figures4 #ba4 ,! read] w p]haps p>don ^! details & ! /ra9 !y put on 8 att5tion1 :5 he p]ceives h[ mu* !y help u to und]/& ! value ( =ms4 ,! s5se1 !n1 ( ! position ( any po9t consi/s 9 ! t5sions 9 ! eye1 t n only t5ds to br+ t po9t to ! c5tre ( vision1 b feels ! sugge/ion ( all ! o!r po9ts :i* are relat$ to ! giv5 "o 9 ! web ( visual exp]i5ce4 ,! def9ition ( space z ! possibility ( motion is !re=e an accurate & significant "o1 s9ce ! mo/ direct & native p]ception ( space we c h is ! awak5+ ( _m t5d5cies to move our organs4 ,= example1 if a circle is pres5t$1 ! eye w fall ^u its c5tre1 z to ! c5tre ( gravity1 z x 71 ( ! balanc$ attractions ( all ! po9ts2 & !re w be1 9 t position1 an indiff]5ce & sam5ess ( s5sation1 9 :atev] direction "s accid5t moves ! eye1 t acc\nts v well = ! emotional quality ( ! circle4 ,x is a =m :i*1 al?\gh beautiful 9 its purity & simplicity1 & wond]ful 9 its cont9uity1 lacks any /imulat+ quality1 & is (t5 ugly 9 ! arts1 especially :5 f\nd 9 v]tical surfaces :]e x is n always se5 9 p]spective4 ,= horizontal surfaces x is bett] because x is !re always an ellipse to vision1 & ! ellipse has a less dull & /upefy+ effect4 ,! eye c move easily1 organize & subord9ate its p>ts1 & its relations to ! environm5t are n simil> 9 all directions4 ,small circles1 l buttons1 are n 9 ! same dang] ( becom+ ugly1 because ! eye consid]s !m z po9ts1 & !y div]sify & help to divide surfaces1 )\t appe>+ z surfaces !mselves4 ,! /raight l9e (f]s a curi\s object = analysis4 ,x is n = ! eye a v easy =m to grasp4 ,we b5d x or we leave x4 ,unless x passes ?r\gh ! c5tre ( vision1 x is obvi\sly a tang5t to ! po9ts :i* h analog\s relations to t c5tre4 ,! local signs or t5sions ( ! po9ts 9 su* a tang5t v>y 9 an unseizable progression2 !re is viol5ce 9 keep+ to x1 & ! effect is =c$4 ,?is makes ! dry & /iff quality ( any long /raight l9e1 :i* ! skilful ,greeks avoid$ by ! curves ( _! columns & entablatures1 & ! less economical b>b>ians by a pr(usion ( int]ruptions & ornam5ts4 ,! /raight l9e1 :5 made ! direct object ( att5tion1 is1 ( c\rse1 foll[$ by ! eye & n se5 by ! outly+ p>ts ( ! ret9a 9 "o ecc5tric position4 ,! same explanation is good = ?is m common case1 s9ce ! consci\sness t ! eye travels 9 a /raight l9e consi/s 9 ! surviv+ s5se ( ! previ\s position1 & 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! t5sions ( ^! v>i\s positions ov]lap4 ,if ! t5sions *ange f mom5t to mom5t entirely1 we h a brok51 a fragm5t>y effect1 z t ( zigzag1 :]e all is dropp+ & pick+ up aga9 ( associat$ motions2 9 ! /raight l9e1 mu* prolong$1 we h a gradual & inexorable r5d+ ( ^! t5d5cies to associat$ movem5ts4 ,9 ! curves we call fl[+ & graceful1 we h1 on ! contr>y1 a m natural & rhy?mical set ( movem5ts 9 ! optic muscles2 & c]ta9 po9ts 9 ! v>i\s gyrations make rhymes & assonances1 z x 71 to ! eye t rea*es !m4 ,we f9d ourselves at e turn reawak5+1 ) a v>iation1 ! s5se ( ! previ\s position4 ,x is easy to und]/& by analogy ) ! sup]ficially obs]v$ conditions ( pleasure1 t su* rhy?ms & h>monies %\ld be delightful4 ,! deep] "q ( ! physical basis ( pleasure we h n int5d$ to discuss4 ,suffice x t measure1 9 quantity1 9 int5sity1 & 9 "t1 mu/ involve t physiological process1 :atev] x may be1 ! consci\sness ( :i* is pleasure4 ,symmetry4 #bb4 ,an important exemplification ( ^! physiological pr9ciples is f\nd 9 ! *>m ( symmetry4 ,:5 = any reason ! eye is to be habitually direct$ to a s+le po9t1 z to ! op5+ ( a gate or w9d[1 to an alt>1 a ?rone1 a /age1 or a fireplace1 !re w be viol5ce & di/raction caus$ by ! t5d5cy to look aside 9 ! recurr+ necessity ( look+ =w>d1 if ! object is n s arrang$ t ! t5sions ( eye are balanc$1 & ! c5tre ( gravity ( vision lies 9 ! po9t :i* "o is oblig$ to keep 9 sight4 ,9 all su* objects we !re=e require bilat]al symmetry4 ,! necessity ( v]tical symmetry is n felt because ! eyes & head d n s readily survey objects f top to bottom z f side to side4 ,! inequality ( ! upp] & l[] p>ts does n g5]ate ! same t5d5cy to motion1 ! same re/lessness1 z does ! inequality ( ! "r & left sides ( an object 9 front ( u4 ,! com=t & economy t comes f muscul> balance 9 ! eye1 is !re=e 9 "s cases ! s\rce ( ! value ( symmetry4#e ,9 o!r cases symmetry appeals to u ?r\gh ! *>m ( recognition & rhy?m4 ,:5 ! eye runs ov] a facade1 & f9ds ! objects t attract x at equal int]vals1 an expectation1 l ! anticipation ( an inevitable note or requisite ^w1 arises 9 ! m9d1 & its non-satisfaction involves a %ock4 ,?is %ock1 if caus$ by ! emphatic em]g5ce ( an int]e/+ object1 gives ! effect ( ! picturesque2 b :5 x comes ) no comp5sation1 x gives u ! feel+ ( ugl9ess & imp]fection -- ! defect :i* symmetry avoids4 ,?is k9d ( symmetry is accord+ly 9 itself a negative m]it1 b (t5 ! condition ( ! greate/ ( all m]its1 -- ! p]man5t p[] to please4 ,x contributes to t complet5ess :i* delights )\t /imulat+1 & to :i* our jad$ s5ses return gladly1 aft] all sorts ( extravagances1 z to a k9d ( dome/ic peace4 ,! inw>dness & solidity ( ?is quiet beauty comes f ! intr9sic "* ( ! pleasure :i* makes x up4 ,x is no adv5titi\s *>m2 b ! eye 9 its cont9ual passage ov] ! object f9ds always ! same response1 ! same adequacy2 & ! v process ( p]ception is made delightful by ! object's fitness to be p]ceiv$4 ,! p>ts1 ?us coalesc+1 =m a s+le object1 ! unity & simplicity ( :i* are bas$ ^u ! rhy?m & correspond5ce ( its elem5ts4 ,symmetry is "h :at metaphysicians call a pr9ciple ( individuation4 ,by ! emphasis :i* x lays ^u ! recurr+ elem5ts1 x cuts up ! field into det]m9ate units2 all t lies betwe5 ! beats is "o int]val1 "o individual4 ,if !re 7 no recurr5t impressions1 no correspond+ po9ts1 ! field ( p]ception w\ld rema9 a fluid cont9uum1 )\t def9$ & recognizable divisions4 ,! outl9es ( mo/ ?+s are symmetrical because we *oose :at symmetrical l9es we f9d to be ! b\nd>ies ( objects4 ,_! symmetry is ! condition ( _! unity1 & _! unity ( _! individuality & sep>ate exi/5ce4 ,exp]i5ce1 to be sure1 c tea* u to reg>d unsymmetrical objects z :oles1 because _! elem5ts move & *ange toge!r 9 nature2 b ?is is a pr9ciple ( individuation1 a po/]iori1 f\nd$ on ! association ( recogniz$ elem5ts4 ,^! elem5ts1 to be recogniz$ & se5 to g toge!r & =m "o ?+1 mu/ fir/ be someh[ discrim9at$2 & ! symmetry1 ei!r ( _! p>ts1 or ( _! position z :oles1 may enable u to fix _! b\nd>ies & to obs]ve _! numb]4 ,! category ( unity1 :i* we are s con/antly impos+ ^u nature & its p>ts1 has symmetry1 !n1 = "o ( its in/rum5ts1 = "o ( its bases ( application4 ,if symmetry1 !n1 is a pr9ciple ( individuation & helps u to di/+ui% objects1 we _c wond] t x helps u to enjoy ! p]ception4 ,= our intellig5ce loves to p]ceive2 wat] is n m grateful to a p>*$ ?roat ?an a pr9ciple ( compreh5sion to a confus$ und]/&+4 ,symmetry cl>ifies1 & we all "k t light is sweet4 ,at ! same "t1 we c see :y !re are limits to ! value ( symmetry4 ,9 objects1 = in/ance1 t are too small or too diffus$ = composition1 symmetry has no value4 ,9 an av5ue symmetry is /ately & impressive1 b 9 a l>ge p>k1 or 9 ! plan ( a city1 or ! side wall ( a gall]y x produces monotony 9 ! v>i\s views r ?an unity 9 any "o ( !m4 ,greek temples1 nev] be+ v l>ge1 7 symmetrical on all _! facades2 ,go?ic *ur*es 7 g5]ally design$ to be symmetrical only 9 ! we/ front1 & 9 ! transepts1 :ile ! side elevation z a :ole 0 ecc5tric4 ,?is 0 probably an accid5t1 due to ! dem&s ( ! int]ior arrangem5t2 b x 0 a =tunate "o1 z we may see by contra/+ its effect ) t ( our /ations1 exhibition build+s1 & o!r va/ /ructures1 :]e symmetry is g5]ally introduc$ ev5 9 ! mo/ ext5sive facades :i*1 be+ too mu* prolong$ = _! height1 _c be treat$ z units4 ,! eye is n able to take !m 9 at a glance1 & does n get ! effect ( repose f ! balance ( ! extremes1 :ile ! me*anical sam5ess ( ! sections1 survey$ 9 succession1 makes ! impression ( an unmean+ pov]ty ( res\rce4 ,symmetry ?us loses its value :5 x _c1 on acc\nt ( ! size ( ! object1 contribute to ! unity ( our p]ception4 ,! syn!sis :i* x facilitates mu/ be in/antane\s4 ,if ! compreh5sion by :i* we unify our object is discursive1 z1 = in/ance1 9 conceiv+ ! arrangem5t & numb]+ ( ! /reets ( ,new ,york1 or ! plan ( ! ,escurial1 ! advantage ( symmetry is an intellectual "o2 we c bett] imag9e ! relations ( ! p>ts1 & draw a map ( ! :ole 9 ! fancy2 b !re is no advantage to direct p]ception1 & !re=e no add$ beauty4 ,symmetry is sup]flu\s 9 ^? objects4 ,simil>ly animal & vegetable =ms ga9 no?+ by be+ symmetrically display$1 if ! s5se ( _! life & motion is to be giv54 ,:51 h[ev]1 ^! =ms are us$ = m]e decoration1 n = ! expression ( _! own vitality1 !n symmetry is aga9 requir$ to acc5tuate _! unity & organization4 ,?is ju/ifies ! habit ( conv5tionaliz+ natural =ms1 & ! t5d5cy ( "s k9ds ( hi]atic art1 l ! ,byzant9e or ,egyptian1 to affect a rigid symmetry ( po/ure4 ,we c !reby increase ! unity & =ce ( ! image )\t sugge/+ t individual life & mobility1 :i* w\ld int]f]e ) ! religi\s function ( ! object1 z ! symbol & embodim5t ( an imp]sonal fai?4 ,=m ! unity ( a manifold4 #bc4 ,symmetry is evid5tly a k9d ( unity 9 v>iety1 :]e a :ole is det]m9$ by ! rhy?mic repetition ( simil>s4 ,we h se5 t x has a value :]e x is an aid to unification4 ,unity w\ld ?us appe> to be ! virtue ( =ms2 b a mom5t's reflection w %[ u t unity _c be absolute & be a =m2 a =m is an aggregation1 x mu/ h elem5ts1 & ! mann] 9 :i* ! elem5ts are comb9$ con/itutes ! "* ( ! =m4 ,a p]fectly simple p]ception1 9 :i* !re 0 no consci\sness ( ! di/9ction & relation ( p>ts1 w\ld n be a p]ception ( =m2 x w\ld be a s5sation4 ,physiologically ^! s5sations may be aggregates & _! values1 z 9 ! case ( musical tones1 may diff] accord+ to ! mann] 9 :i* c]ta9 elem5ts1 beats1 vibrations1 n]v\s processes1 or :at n1 are comb9$2 b = consci\sness ! result is simple1 & ! value is ! pleasantness ( a datum & n ( a process4 ,=m1 !re=e1 does n appeal to ! unatt5tive2 !y get f objects only a vague s5sation :i* may 9 !m awak5 extr9sic associations2 !y d n /op to survey ! p>ts or to appreciate _! relation1 & consequ5tly are ins5sible to ! v>i\s *>ms ( v>i\s unifications2 !y c f9d 9 objects only ! value ( mat]ial or ( function1 n t ( =m4 ,beauty ( =m1 h[ev]1 is :at specifically appeals to an ae/hetic nature2 x is equally remov$ f ! crudity ( =mless /imulation & f ! emotional loos5ess ( rev]ie & discursive ?\ght4 ,! indulg5ce 9 s5tim5t & sugge/ion1 ( :i* our "t is fond1 to ! sacrifice ( =mal beauty1 m>ks an abs5ce ( cultivation z real1 if n z confess$1 z t ( ! b>b>ian :o revels 9 gorge\s confusion4 ,! syn!sis1 !n1 :i* con/itutes =m is an activity ( ! m9d2 ! unity arises consci\sly1 & is an insight into ! relation ( s5sible elem5ts sep>ately p]ceiv$4 ,x diff]s f s5sation 9 ! consci\sness ( ! syn!sis1 & f expression 9 ! homog5eity ( ! elem5ts1 & 9 _! common pres5ce to s5se4 ,! v>iety ( =ms dep5ds ^u ! "* ( ! elem5ts & on ! v>iety ( possible me?ods ( unification4 ,! elem5ts may be all alike1 & _! only div]sity be num]ical4 ,_! unity w !n be m]ely ! s5se ( _! uni=mity4#f ,or !y may diff] 9 k9d1 b s z to compel ! m9d to no p>ticul> ord] 9 _! unification4 ,or !y may f9ally be s con/itut$ t !y sugge/ inevitably ! s*eme ( _! unity2 9 ?is case !re is organization 9 ! object1 & ! syn!sis ( its p>ts is "o & pre-det]m9ate4 ,we %all discuss ^! v>i\s =ms 9 succession1 po9t+ out ! effects prop] to ea*4 ,multiplicity 9 uni=mity4 #bd4 ,! radical & typical case ( ! fir/ k9d ( unity 9 v>iety is f\nd 9 ! p]ception ( ext5sion itself4 ,?is p]ception1 if we look to its orig91 may turn out to be primitive2 no d\bt ! feel+ ( crude ext5sity is an orig9al s5sation2 e inf]5ce1 association1 & di/9ction is a ?+ t looms up sudd5ly be=e ! m9d1 & ! nature & actuality ( :i* is a datum ( :at -- to indicate its irresi/ible imm$iacy & indescribability -- we may well call s5se4 ,=ms are se51 & if we ?9k ( ! orig9 ( ! p]ception1 we may well call ?is vision a s5sation4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 a s5sation ( =m1 h[ev]1 & "o :i* is =mless1 reg>ds ! cont5t & "*1 n ! g5esis ( ! p]ception4 ,a di/9ction & association1 or an inf]5ce1 is a direct exp]i5ce1 a s5sible fact2 b x is ! exp]i5ce ( a process1 ( a motion betwe5 two t]ms1 & a consci\sness ( _! coexi/5ce & di/9ction2 x is a feel+ ( relation4 ,n[ ! s5se ( space is a feel+ ( ?is k9d2 ! ess5ce ( x is ! realization ( a v>iety ( directions & ( possible motions1 by :i* ! relation ( po9t to po9t is vaguely b inevitably giv54 ,! p]ception ( ext5sion is !re=e a p]ception ( =m1 al?\gh ( ! mo/ rudim5t>y k9d4 ,x is m]ely ,ause9&]se91 & we might call x ! mat]ia prima ( =m1 7 x n capable ( exi/+ )\t fur!r det]m9ation4 ,= we c h ! s5se ( space )\t ! s5se ( b\nd>ies2 inde$1 ?is intuition is :at tempts u to decl>e space inf9ite4 ,space w\ld h to consi/ ( a f9ite numb] ( juxtapos$ blocks1 if our exp]i5ce ( ext5sion c>ri$ ) x ess5tially ! realization ( limits4 ,! ae/hetic effect ( ext5siv5ess is also entirely diff]5t f t ( p>ticul> %apes4 ,"s ?+s appeal to u by _! surfaces1 o!rs by ! l9es t limit ^? surfaces4 ,& ?is effect ( surface is n necess>ily an effect ( mat]ial or col\r2 ! ev5ness1 monotony1 & va/ness ( a great curta9 ( col\r produce an effect :i* is t ( ! extreme ( uni=mity 9 ! extreme ( multiplicity2 ! eye w&]s ov] a fluid inf9ity ( unrecognizable positions1 & ! s5se ( _! numb]lessness & cont9uity is precisely ! s\rce ( ! emotion ( ext5t4 ,! emotion is prim>y & has und\bt$ly a physiological gr\nd1 :ile ! idea ( size is second>y & involves associations & inf]5ces4 ,a small photograph ( ,/4 ,pet]'s gives ! idea ( size2 z does a di/ant view ( ! same object4 ,b ?is is ( c\rse dep5d5t on our realization ( ! di/ance1 or ( ! scale ( ! repres5tation4 ,! value ( size becomes imm$iate only :5 we are at close qu>t]s ) ! object2 !n ! surfaces really subt5d a l>ge angle 9 ! field ( vision1 & ! s5se ( va/ness e/abli%es its /&>d1 :i* c aft]w>ds be appli$ to o!r objects by analogy & contra/4 ,!re is also1 to be sure1 a moral & practical import 9 ! kn[n size ( objects1 :i*1 by association1 det]m9es _! dignity2 b ! pure s5se ( ext5sion1 bas$ ^u ! attack ( ! object ^u ! app]ceptive res\rces ( ! eye1 is ! truly ae/hetic value :i* x conc]ns u to po9t out "h1 z ! mo/ rudim5t>y example ( =m4 ,al?\gh ! effect ( ext5sion is n t ( mat]ial1 ! two are be/ se5 9 conjunction4 ,mat]ial mu/ appe> 9 "s =m2 b :5 its beauty is to be made prom95t1 x is well t ?is =m %\ld attract att5tion z little z possible to itself4 ,n[1 ( all =ms1 absolute uni=mity 9 ext5sion is ! simple/ & mo/ alli$ to ! mat]ial2 x gives ! latt] only j en\gh =m to make x real & p]ceptible4 ,v ri* & beautiful mat]ials !re=e d well to assume ?is =m4 ,y w spoil ! beauty y h by sup]impos+ ano!r2 z if y make a /atue ( gold1 or flute a jasp] column1 or b$eck a velvet cloak4 ,! beauty ( /uffs appe>s :5 !y are pla94 ,ev5 /one gives its specific quality be/ 9 great unbrok5 spaces ( wall2 ! simplicity ( ! =m emphasizes ! sub/ance4 ,& aga91 ! effect ( ext5sity is nev] long satisfactory unless x is sup]9duc$ ^u "s mat]ial beauty2 ! dignity ( great hang+s w\ld suff] if !y 7 n ( damask1 b ( cotton1 & ! va/ smoo?ness ( ! sky w\ld gr[ oppressive if x 7 n ( s t5d] a blue4 ,example ( ! />s4 #be4 ,ano!r beauty ( ! sky -- ! />s -- (f]s s /rik+ & fasc9at+ an illu/ration ( ! effect ( multiplicity 9 uni=mity1 t ,i am tempt$ to analyze x at "s l5g?4 ,to mo/ p1 ,i fancy1 ! />s are beautiful2 b if y ask$ :y1 !y w\ld be at a loss to reply1 until !y rememb]$ :at !y _h he>d ab\t a/ronomy1 & ! great size & di/ance & possible habitation ( ^? orbs4 ,! vague & illusive ideas ?us ar\s$ fall 9 s well ) ! dumb emotion we 7 already feel+1 t we attribute ?is emotion to ^? ideas1 & p]suade ourselves t ! p[] ( ! />ry heav5s lies 9 ! sugge/ion ( a/ronomical facts4 ,! idea ( ! insignificance ( our e>? & ( ! incompreh5sible multiplicity ( worlds is inde$ imm5sely impressive2 x may ev5 be int5sely disagreeable4 ,!re is some?+ baffl+ ab\t inf9ity2 9 its pres5ce ! s5se ( f9ite humility c nev] :olly bani% ! rebelli\s suspicion t we are be+ delud$4 ,our ma!matical imag9ation is put on ! rack by an attempt$ conception t has all ! angui% ( a nightm>e & probably1 c\ld we b awake1 all its laughable absurdity4 ,b ! obsession ( ?is dream is an intellectual puzzle1 n an ae/hetic delight4 ,x is n ess5tial to our admiration4 ,be=e ! days ( ,kepl] ! heav5s decl>$ ! glory ( ,god2 & we ne$$ no calculation ( /ell> di/ances1 no fancies ab\t a plurality ( worlds1 no image ( inf9ite spaces1 to make ! />s sublime4 ,_h we be5 taught to believe t ! />s gov]n$ our =tunes1 & 7 we rem9d$ ( fate :5ev] we look$ at !m1 we %\ld simil>ly t5d to imag9e t ?is belief 0 ! s\rce ( _! sublimity2 &1 if ! sup]/ition 7 dispell$1 we %\ld ?9k ! int]e/ gone f ! app>ition4 ,b exp]i5ce w\ld soon undeceive u1 & prove to u t ! s5su\s "* ( ! object 0 sublime 9 itself4 ,inde$1 on acc\nt ( t intr9sic sublimity ! sky c be fitly *os5 z a symbol = a sublime conception2 ! common quality 9 bo? makes ea* sugge/ ! o!r4 ,= t reason1 too1 ! p>able ( ! natal />s gov]n+ our lives is su* a natural "o to express our subjection to circum/ances1 & c be trans=m$ by ! /upidity ( disciples into a lit]al t5et4 ,9 ! same way1 ! k9%ip ( ! emotion produc$ by ! />s ) ! emotion prop] to c]ta9 religi\s mom5ts makes ! />s seem a religi\s object4 ,!y become1 l impressive music1 a /imulus to wor%ip4 ,b =tunately !re are exp]i5ces :i* rema9 unt\*$ by !ory1 & :i* ma9ta9 ! mutual intellig5ce ( m5 ?r\gh ! e/rangem5ts wr\ght by intellectual & religi\s sy/ems4 ,:5 ! sup]/ructures crumble1 ! common f\ndation ( human s5ti5ce & imag9ation is expos$ b5ea?4 ,! intellectual sugge/ion ( ! inf9ity ( nature c1 moreov]1 be awak5$ by o!r exp]i5ces :i* are by no means sublime4 ,a heap ( s& w involve inf9ity z surely z a univ]se ( suns & planets4 ,any object is inf9itely divisible &1 :5 we press ! ?\ght1 c conta9 z _m worlds ) z _m w+$ mon/]s & ideal republics z c ! satellites ( ,sirius4 ,b ! inf9itesimal does n move u ae/hetically2 x c only awak5 an amus$ curiosity4 ,! diff]5ce _c lie 9 ! import ( ! idea1 :i* is objectively ! same 9 bo? cases4 ,x lies 9 ! diff]5t imm$iate effect ( ! crude images :i* give u ! type & mean+ ( ea*2 ! crude image t und]lies ! idea ( ! inf9itesimal is ! dot1 ! poore/ & mo/ un9t]e/+ ( impressions2 :ile ! crude image t und]lies ! idea ( inf9ity is space1 multiplicity 9 uni=mity1 & ?is1 z we h se51 has a p[]ful effect on acc\nt ( ! bread?1 volume1 & omnipres5ce ( ! /imulation4 ,e po9t 9 ! ret9a is ev5ly excit$1 & ! local signs ( all are simultane\sly felt4 ,?is equable t5sion1 ?is balance & ela/icity 9 ! v abs5ce ( fixity1 give ! vague b p[]ful feel+ t we wi% to describe4 ,did n ! inf9ite1 by ?is initial assault ^u our s5ses1 awe u & ov]:elm u1 z solemn music might1 ! idea ( x w\ld be ab/ract & moral l t ( ! inf9itesimal1 & no?+ b an amus+ curiosity4 ,no?+ is objectively impressive2 ?+s are impressive only :5 !y succe$ 9 t\*+ ! s5sibility ( ! obs]v]1 by f9d+ ! av5ues to 8 bra9 & he>t4 ,! idea t ! univ]se is a multitude ( m9ute sph]es circl+1 l specks ( du/1 9 a d>k & b\ndless void1 might leave u cold & indiff]5t1 if n bor$ & depress$1 7 x n t we id5tify ?is hypo!tical s*eme ) ! visible spl5d\r1 ! poignant int5sity1 & ! baffl+ numb] ( ! />s4 ,s f> is ! object f giv+ value to ! impression1 t x is "h1 z x mu/ always ultimately be1 ! impression t gives value to ! object4 ,= all wor? leads u back to actual feel+ some:]e1 or else evaporates into no?+ -- into a ^w & a sup]/ition4 ,n[1 ! />ry heav5s are v happily design$ to int5sify ! s5sations on :i* _! beauties mu/ re/4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! cont9uum ( space is brok5 into po9ts1 num]\s en\gh to give ! utmo/ idea ( multiplicity & yet s di/9ct & vivid t x is impossible n to rema9 aw>e ( _! individuality4 ,! v>iety ( local signs1 )\t becom+ organiz$ into =ms1 rema9s prom95t & irr$ucible4 ,?is makes ! object inf9itely m excit+ ?an a plane surface w\ld be4 ,9 ! second place1 ! s5su\s contra/ ( ! d>k backgr\nd1 -- black] ! cle>] ! night & ! m />s we c see1 -- ) ! palpitat+ fire ( ! />s !mselves1 c\ld n be exce$$ by any possible device4 ,?is mat]ial beauty adds incalculably1 z we h already po9t$ out1 to ! inw>dness & sublimity ( ! effect4 ,to realize ! great importance ( ^! two elem5ts1 we ne$ b to conceive _! abs5ce1 & obs]ve ! *ange 9 ! dignity ( ! result4 ,fancy a map ( ! heav5s & e /> plott$ ^u x1 ev5 ^? invisible to ! nak$ eye3 :y w\ld ?is object1 z full ( sci5tific sugge/ion surely z ! reality1 leave u s comp>atively cold8 ,q indiff]5t x might n leave u1 = ,i h myself wat*$ /ell> photographs ) almo/ inexhau/ible wond]4 ,! s5se ( multiplicity is naturally 9 no way dim9i%$ by ! repres5tation2 b ! poignancy ( ! s5sation1 ! life ( ! light1 are gone2 & ) ! dull$ impression ! ke5ness ( ! emotion disappe>s4 ,or imag9e ! />s1 undim9i%$ 9 numb]1 )\t los+ any ( _! a/ronomical significance & div9e immutability1 m>%all$ 9 geometrical patt]ns2 say 9 a ,lat9 cross1 ) ! words ,9 hoc signo v9ces 9 a scroll ar\nd !m4 ,! beauty ( ! illum9ation w\ld be p]haps increas$1 & its import1 practical1 religi\s1 & cosmic1 w\ld surely be a little pla9]2 b :]e w\ld be ! sublimity ( ! spectacle8 ,irretrievably lo/3 & lo/ because ! =m ( ! object w\ld no long] tantalize u ) its %e] multiplicity1 & ) ! consequ5t ov]p[]+ s5se ( susp5se & awe4 ,9 a ^w1 ! inf9ity :i* moves u is ! s5se ( multiplicity 9 uni=mity4 ,accord+ly ?+s :i* h en\gh multiplicity1 z ! lights ( a city se5 across wat]1 h an effect simil> to t ( ! />s1 if less int5se2 :]eas a />1 if alone1 because ! multiplicity is lack+1 makes a :olly diff]5t impression4 ,! s+le /> is t5d]1 beautiful1 & mild2 we c comp>e x to ! humble/ & sweete/ ( ?+s3 ,a violet by a mossy /one ,half hidd5 f ! eye1 ,fair z a /> :5 only "o ,is %9+ 9 ! sky4 ,x is1 n only 9 fact b 9 nature1 an att5dant on ! moon1 associat$ ) ! moon1 if we may be s prosaic "h1 n only by contiguity b also by simil>ity4 ,fair] ?an ,phoebe's sapphire-region$ /> ,or vesp]1 amor\s gl[-worm ( ! sky4 ,! same poet c say else:]e ( a passionate lov]3 ,he arose ,e!real1 flu%$1 & l a ?robb+ />1 ,amid ! sapphire heav5's deep repose4 ,h[ opposite is all ?is f ! cold glitt]1 ! cruel & my/]i\s sublimity ( ! />s :5 !y are _m6 ,) ^! we h no ,sapphic associations2 !y make u ?9k r ( ,kant :o c\ld hit on no?+ else to comp>e ) 8 categorical imp]ative1 p]haps because he f\nd 9 bo? ! same baffl+ incompreh5sibility & ! same fi]ce actuality4 ,su* ultimate feel+s are s5sations ( physical t5sion4 ,defects ( pure multiplicity4 #bf4 ,?is long analysis w be a suffici5t illu/ration ( ! p[] ( multiplicity 9 uni=mity2 we may n[ proce$ to po9t out ! limitations inh]5t 9 ?is =m4 ,! mo/ obvi\s "o is t ( monotony2 a file ( soldi]s or an iron rail+ is impressive 9 its way1 b _c long ent]ta9 u1 nor hold u ) t dep? ( develop+ int]e/1 ) :i* we might /udy a cr[d or a =e/ ( trees4 ,! t5d5cy ( monotony is d\ble1 & 9 two directions dead5s our pleasure4 ,:5 ! repeat$ impressions are acute1 & _c be =gott5 9 _! endless repetition1 _! monotony becomes pa9ful4 ,! con/ant appeal to ! same s5se1 ! con/ant requirem5t ( ! same reaction1 tires ! sy/em1 & we long = *ange z = a relief4 ,if ! repeat$ /imulations are n v acute1 we soon become unconsci\s ( !m2 l ! tick+ ( ! clock1 !y become m]ely a factor 9 our bodily "o1 a cause1 z ! case may be1 ( a diffus$ pleasure or unre/2 b !y cease to pres5t a di/+ui%able object4 ,! pleasures1 !re=e1 :i* a k9dly b monoton\s environm5t produces1 (t5 fail to make x beautiful1 = ! simple reason t ! environm5t is n p]ceiv$4 ,likewise ! hide\sness ( ?+s to :i* we are accu/om$ -- ! blemi%es ( ! l&scape1 ! ugl9ess ( our clo!s or ( our walls -- d n oppress u1 n s mu* because we d n see ! ugl9ess z because we ov]look ! ?+s4 ,! beauties or defects ( monoton\s objects are easily lo/1 because ! objects are !mselves int]mitt5t 9 consci\sness4 ,b x is ( "s practical importance to rem>k t ?is indiff]5ce ( monoton\s values is m app>5t ?an real4 ,! p>ticul> object ceases to be ( consequ5ce2 b ! congruity ( its /ructure & quality ) our faculties ( p]ception rema9s1 & its pres5ce 9 our environm5t is /ill a con/ant s\rce ( vague irritation & friction1 or ( subtle & p]vasive delight4 ,& ?is value1 al?\gh n associat$ ) ! image ( ! monoton\s object1 lies !re 9 our m9d1 l all ! vital & sy/emic feel+s1 ready to enhance ! beauty ( any object t ar\ses our att5tion1 & meantime add+ to ! heal? & fre$om ( our life -- mak+ :atev] we d a little easi] & pleasant] = u4 ,a grateful environm5t is a sub/itute = happ9ess4 ,x c quick5 u f )\t z a fix$ hope & affection1 or ! consci\sness ( a "r life1 c quick5 u f )94 ,to humanize our surr\nd+s is1 !re=e1 a task :i* %\ld int]e/ ! physicians bo? ( s\l & body4 ,b ! monotony ( multiplicity is n m]ely intr9sic 9 ! =m2 :at is p]haps ev5 ( great] consequ5ce 9 ! arts is ! fact t its capacity = association is re/rict$4 ,:at is 9 itself uni=m _c h a great div]sity ( relations4 ,h5ce ! dryness1 ! crisp def9it5ess & h>dness1 ( ^? products ( art :i* conta9 an endless repetition ( ! same elem5ts4 ,_! aff9ities are necess>ily few2 !y are n fit = _m uses1 nor capable ( express+ _m ideas4 ,! h]oic c\plet1 n[ too mu* d]id$1 is a =m ( ?is k9d4 ,its compactness & inevitabl5ess make x excell5t = an epigram & adequate x = a satire1 b its p]petual snap & unv>y+ rhy?m are ?9 = an epic1 & impossible = a song4 ,! ,greek colonnade1 a =m 9 _m ways analog\s1 has simil> limitations4 ,beautiful ) a f9i%$ & re/ra9$ beauty1 :i* our ta/e is h>dly ref9$ en\gh to appreciate1 x is incapable ( developm5t4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,roman ar*itecture suffici5tly %[ x2 ! glory ( :i* is _! ,roman frame r ?an _! ,hell5ic ornam5t4 ,:5 ! ,greeks !mselves _h to face ! problem ( l>g] & m complex build+s1 9 ! s]vice ( a sup]natural & hi]>*ical sy/em1 !y trans=m$ _! ar*itecture into :at we call ,byzant9e1 & ,/4 ,sophia took ! place ( ! ,p>!non4 ,"h a va/ vault 0 introduc$1 ! colonnade disappe>$1 ! ar*itrave 0 r\nd$ into an ar* f column to column1 ! capitals ( ^! 7 *ang$ f concave to convex1 & a ?\s& o!r *anges 9 /ructure & ornam5t introduc$ flexibility & v>iety4 ,ar*itecture c\ld 9 ?is way1 precisely because m vague & b>b>\s1 bett] adapt itself to ! conditions ( ! new epo*4 ,p]fect ta/e is itself a limitation1 n because x int5tionally excludes any excell5ce1 b because x imp$es ! w&]+ ( ! arts into ^? bypa?s ( caprice & grotesqu5ess 9 :i*1 al?\gh at ! sacrifice ( =mal beauty1 int]e/+ p>tial effects might /ill be discov]$4 ,& ?is objection applies ) d\ble =ce to ! fir/ cry/allizations ( ta/e1 :5 tradition has c>ri$ u b a little way 9 ! "r direction4 ,! au?oriz$ effects are !n v simple1 & if we all[ no o!rs1 our art becomes :olly inadequate to ! functions ultimately impos$ ^u x4 ,primitive arts might furni% examples1 b ! /ate ( ,engli% poetry at ! "t ( ,que5 ,anne is a suffici5t illu/ration ( ?is possibility4 ,! ,fr5* classicism1 ( :i*1 ! ,engli% s*ool 0 an e*o1 0 m vital & human1 because x embodi$ a m native ta/e & a wid] tra9+4 ,ae/hetics ( democracy4 #bg4 ,x w\ld be an error to suppose t ae/hetic pr9ciples apply only to our judgm5ts ( works ( art or ( ^? natural objects :i* we att5d to *iefly on acc\nt ( _! beauty4 ,e idea :i* is =m$ 9 ! human m9d1 e activity & emotion1 has "s relation1 direct or indirect1 to pa9 & pleasure4 ,if1 z is ! case 9 all ! m important in/ances1 ^! fluid activities & emotions precipitate1 z x 71 9 _! evanesc5ce c]ta9 psy*ical solids call$ ideas ( ?+s1 !n ! concomitant pleasures are incorporat$ m or less 9 ^? concrete ideas & ! ?+s acquire an ae/hetic col\r+4 ,& al?\gh ?is ae/hetic col\r+ may be ! la/ quality we notice 9 objects ( practical int]e/1 its influ5ce ^u u is none ! less real1 & (t5 acc\nts = a great deal 9 our moral & practical attitude4 ,9 ! lead+ political & moral idea ( our "t1 9 ! idea ( democracy1 ,i ?9k !re is a /rong ae/hetic +r$i5t1 & ! p[] ( ! idea ( democracy ov] ! imag9ation is an illu/ration ( t effect ( multiplicity 9 uni=mity :i* we h be5 /udy+4 ,( c\rse1 no?+ c\ld be m absurd ?an to sugge/ t ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 ) its imm5se implications1 _h an ae/hetic pref]5ce = its basis2 x sprang1 z we "k1 f ! hatr$ ( oppression1 ! rivalry ( classes1 & ! aspiration aft] a fre] social & /rictly moral organization4 ,b :5 ^! moral =ces 7 sugge/+ & p>tly realiz+ ! democratic idea1 ?is idea 0 necess>ily vividly pres5t to m5's ?\ghts2 ! picture ( human life :i* x pres5t$ 0 becom+ famili>1 & 0 be+ made ! sanction & goal ( con/ant endeav\r4 ,no?+ s mu* enhances a good z to make sacrifices = x4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t democracy1 priz$ at fir/ z a means to happ9ess & z an in/rum5t ( good gov]nm5t1 0 acquir+ an intr9sic value2 x 0 beg9n+ to seem good 9 itself1 9 fact1 ! only intr9sically "r & p]fect arrangem5t4 ,a utilit>ian s*eme 0 receiv+ an ae/hetic consecration4 ,t :i* 0 happ5+ to democracy _h happ5$ be=e to ! feudal & royali/ sy/ems2 !y too _h come to be priz$ 9 !mselves1 = ! pleasure m5 took 9 ?9k+ ( society organiz$ 9 su* an anci5t1 & !reby to _! fancy1 appropriate & beautiful mann]4 ,! practical value ( ! arrangem5t1 on :i*1 ( c\rse1 x is entirely dep5d5t = its orig9 & au?ority1 0 =gott51 & m5 7 ready to sacrifice _! welf>e to _! s5se ( propriety2 t is1 !y all[$ an ae/hetic good to outweigh a practical "o4 ,t seems n[ a sup]/ition1 al?\gh1 inde$1 a v natural & ev5 noble "o4 ,equally natural & noble1 b no less sup]/iti\s1 is our own belief 9 ! div9e "r ( democracy4 ,its ess5tial "r is some?+ purely ae/hetic4 ,su* ae/hetic love ( uni=mity1 h[ev]1 is usually disguis$ "u "s moral label3 we call x ! lore ( ju/ice1 p]haps because we h n consid]$ t ! value ( ju/ice also1 9 s f> z x is n d]ivative & utilit>ian1 mu/ be intr9sic1 or1 :at is practically ! same ?+1 ae/hetic4 ,b occasionally ! beauties ( democracy are pres5t$ to u undisguis$4 ,! writ+s ( ,walt ,:itman are a notable example4 ,nev]1 p]haps1 has ! *>m ( uni=mity 9 multiplicity be5 felt s completely & s exclusively4 ,ev]y:]e x greets u ) a passionate pref]5ce2 n fl[]s b leaves ( grass1 n music b drum-taps1 n composition b aggregation1 n ! h]o b ! av]age man1 n ! crisis b ! vulg>e/ mom5t2 & by ?is resolute m>%all+ ( nullities1 by ?is ef=t to %[ u ev]y?+ z a mom5t>y pulsation ( a liquid & /ructureless :ole1 he pr(\ndly /irs ! imag9ation4 ,we may wi% to dislike ?is p[]1 b1 ,i ?9k1 we mu/ inw>dly admire x4 ,= :atev] practical dang]s we may see 9 ?is t]rible levell+1 our ae/hetic faculty c condemn no actual effect2 its privilege is to be pleas$ by opposites1 & to be capable ( f9d+ *aos sublime )\t ceas+ to make nature beautiful4 ,values ( types & values ( examples4 #bh4 ,x is "t we %\ld return to ! consid]ation ( ab/ract =ms4 ,ne>e/ 9 nature to ! example ( uni=mity 9 multiplicity1 we f\nd ^? objects1 l a rev]sible patt]n1 t hav+ "s v>iety ( p>ts invite u to survey !m 9 diff]5t ord]s1 & s br+ into play 9 a m>k$ mann] ! faculty ( app]ception4 ,!re is 9 ! s5ses1 z we h se51 a c]ta9 =m ( /imulation1 a c]ta9 measure & rhy?m ( waves ) :i* ! ae/hetic value ( ! s5sation is connect$4 ,s :51 9 ! p]ception ( ! object1 a notable contribution is made by memory & m5tal habit1 ! value ( ! p]ception w be due1 n only to ! pleasantness ( ! ext]nal /imulus1 b also to ! pleasantness ( ! app]ceptive reaction2 & ! latt] s\rce ( value w be m important 9 proportion z ! object p]ceiv$ is m dep5d5t1 = ! =m & mean+ x pres5ts1 ^u our pa/ exp]i5ce & imag9ative tr5d1 & less on ! /ructure ( ! ext]nal object4 ,our app]ception ( =m v>ies n only ) our con/itution1 age1 & heal?1 z does ! appreciation ( s5su\s values1 b also ) our education & g5ius4 ,! m indet]m9ate ! object1 ! great] %>e mu/ subjective =ces h 9 det]m9+ our p]ception2 =1 ( c\rse1 e p]ception is 9 itself p]fectly specific1 & c be call$ indef9ite only 9 ref]5ce to an ab/ract ideal :i* x is expect$ to approa*4 ,e cl\d has j ! outl9e x has1 al?\gh we may call x vague1 because we _c classify its =m "u any geometrical or animal species2 x w\ld be fir/ def9itely a :ale1 & !n w\ld become indef9ite until we saw our way to call+ x a camel4 ,b :ile 9 ! int]m$iate /age1 ! cl\d w\ld be a =m 9 ! p]ception ( :i* !re w\ld be little app]ceptive activity little reaction f ! /ore ( our exp]i5ce1 little s5se ( =m2 its value w\ld be 9 its col\r & transp>5cy1 & 9 ! sugge/ion ( lightness & ( complex b g5tle movem5t4 ,b ! mom5t we said ,yes1 v l a :ale1 a new k9d ( value w\ld appe>2 ! cl\d c\ld n[ be beautiful or ugly1 n z a cl\d m]ely1 b z a :ale4 ,we d n speak n[ ( ! associations ( ! idea1 z ) ! sea1 or fi%]m5's y>ns2 t is an extr9sic matt] ( expression4 ,we speak simply ( ! intr9sic value ( ! =m ( ! :ale1 ( its l9es1 its movem5t1 its proportion4 ,?is is a m or less individual set ( images :i* are reviv$ 9 ! act ( recognition2 ?is revival con/itutes ! recognition1 & ! beauty ( ! =m is ! pleasure ( t revival4 ,a c]ta9 musical phrase1 z x 71 is play$ 9 ! bra92 ! awak5+ ( t e*o is ! act ( app]ception & ! h>mony ( ! pres5t /imulation ) ! =m ( t phrase2 ! p[] ( ?is p>ticul> object to develope & int5sify t g5]ic phrase 9 ! direction ( pleasure1 is ! te/ ( ! =mal beauty ( ?is example4 ,= ^! c]ebral phrases h a c]ta9 rhy?m2 ?is rhy?m c1 by ! influ5ce ( ! /imulus t n[ reawak5s x1 be m>r$ or enri*$1 be made m or less m>k$ & delicate2 & z ?is conflict or re9=cem5t comes1 ! object is ugly or beautiful 9 =m4 ,su* an ae/hetic value is ?us dep5d5t on two ?+s4 ,! fir/ is ! acquir$ "* ( ! app]ceptive =m evok$2 x may be a cad5za or a trill1 a major or a m9or *ord1 a rose or a violet1 a goddess or a dairy-maid2 & z "o or ano!r ( ^! is recogniz$1 an ae/hetic dignity & tone is giv5 to ! object4 ,b x w be notic$ t 9 su* m]e recognition v little pleasure is f\nd1 or1 :at is ! same ?+1 diff]5t ae/hetic types 9 ! ab/ract h little diff]5ce 9 intr9sic beauty4 ,! great diff]5ce lies 9 _! aff9ities4 ,:at w decide u to l or n to l ! type ( our app]ception w be n s mu* :at ?is type is1 z its fitness to ! context ( our m9d4 ,x is l a ^w 9 a poem1 m effective by its fitness ?an by its intr9sic beauty1 al?\gh t is requisite too4 ,we c be %ock$ at an incongruity ( natures m ?an we c be pleas$ by ! intr9sic beauty ( ea* nature ap>t1 s long1 t is1 z !y rema9 ab/ract natures1 objects recogniz$ )\t be+ /udi$4 ,! ae/hetic dignity ( ! =m1 !n1 tells u ! k9d ( beauty we are to expect1 affects u by its welcome or unwelcome promise1 b h>dly gives u a positive pleasure 9 ! beauty itself4 ,n[ ?is is ! fir/ ?+ 9 ! value ( a =m1 ! value ( ! type z su*2 ! second & m important elem5t is ! relation ( ! p>ticul> impression to ! =m "u :i* x is app]ceiv$4 ,?is det]m9es ! value ( ! object z an example ( its class4 ,aft] our m9d is pit*$ to ! key & rhy?m ( a c]ta9 idea1 say ( a que51 x rema9s = ! impression to fulfil1 aggr&ize1 or enri* ?is =m by a sympa!tic embodim5t ( x4 ,!n we h a que5 t is truly royal4 ,b if in/ead !re is disappo9tm5t1 if ?is p>ticul> que5 is an ugly "o1 al?\gh p]haps %e might h pleas$ z a wit*1 ?is is because ! app]ceptive =m & ! impression give a c]ebral discord4 ,! object is unideal1 t is1 ! novel1 ext]nal elem5t is inh>moni\s ) ! reviv$ & int]nal elem5t by sugge/+ :i* ! object has be5 app]ceiv$4 ,orig9 ( types4 #bi4 ,a mo/ important ?+1 !re=e1 9 ! p]ception ( =m is ! =mation ( types 9 our m9d1 ) ref]5ce to :i* examples are to be judg$4 ,i say ! =mation ( !m1 = we c h>dly consid] ! !ory t !y are et]nal z a possible "o 9 psy*ology4 ,! ,platonic doctr9e on t po9t is a /rik+ illu/ration ( an equivocation we m5tion$ 9 ! beg9n+2#g namely1 t ! import ( an exp]i5ce is reg>d$ z a manife/ation ( its cause -- ! product ( a faculty sub/itut$ = ! description ( its function4 ,et]nal types are ! in/rum5t ( ae/hetic life1 n its f\ndation4 ,take ! ae/hetic attitude1 & y h = ! mom5t an et]nal idea2 an idea1 ,i mean1 t y treat z an absolute /&>d1 j z :5 y take ! p]ceptive attitude y h an ext]nal object :i* y treat z an absolute exi/5ce4 ,b ! ae/hetic1 l ! p]ceptive faculty1 c be made an object ( /udy 9 turn1 & its !ory c be s\ght2 & !n ! et]nal idea1 l ! ext]nal object1 is se5 to be a product ( human nature1 a symbol ( exp]i5ce1 & an in/rum5t ( ?\ght4 ,! "q :e!r !re are n1 9 ext]nal nature or 9 ! m9d ( ,god1 objects & et]nal types1 is inde$ n settl$1 x is n ev5 t\*$ by ?is inquiry2 b x is indirectly %[n to be futile1 because su* transc5d5t realities1 if !y exi/1 c h no?+ to d ) our ideas ( !m4 ,! ,platonic idea ( a tree may exi/2 h[ %\ld ,i d5y x8 ,h[ %\ld ,i d5y t ,i might "s day f9d myself outside ! sky gaz+ at x1 & feel+ t ,i1 ) my m5tal vision1 am behold+ ! pl5itude ( arboreal beauty1 p]ceiv$ 9 ?is _w only z a vague ess5ce haunt+ ! multiplicity ( f9ite trees8 ,b :at c t h to d ) my actual s5se ( :at a tree %\ld be8 ,%all we take ! ,platonic my? lit]ally1 & say ! idea is a memory ( ! tree ,i h already se5 9 heav58 ,h[ else e/abli% any relation betwe5 t et]nal object & ! type 9 my m9d8 ,b :y1 9 t case1 ?is inf9ite v>iability ( ideal trees8 ,0 ! ,tree ,beautiful an oak1 or a c$>1 an ,engli% or an ,am]ican elm8 ,my actual types are f9ite & mutually exclusive2 t heav5ly type mu/ be "o & inf9ite4 ,! problem is hopeless4 ,v simple1 on ! o!r h&1 is ! explanation ( ! exi/5ce ( t type z a residuum ( exp]i5ce4 ,our idea ( an individual ?+ is a comp\nd & residuum ( our sev]al exp]i5ces ( x2 & 9 ! same mann] our idea ( a class is a comp\nd & residuum ( our ideas ( ! p>ticul>s t compose x4 ,p>ticul> impressions h1 by virtue ( _! intr9sic simil>ity or ( ! id5tity ( _! relations1 a t5d5cy to be m]g$ & id5tifi$1 s t _m individual p]ceptions leave b a s+le blurr$ memory t /&s = !m all1 because x comb9es _! sev]al associations4 ,simil>ly1 :5 v>i\s objects h _m common *>act]i/ics1 ! m9d is incapable ( keep+ !m ap>t4 ,x _c hold cle>ly s great a multitude ( di/9ctions & relations z w\ld be involv$ 9 nam+ & conceiv+ sep>ately ea* gra9 ( s&1 or drop ( wat]1 ea* fly or horse or man t we h ev] se54 ,! mass ( our exp]i5ce has !re=e to be classifi$1 if x is to be available at all4 ,in/ead ( a di/9ct image to repres5t ea* ( our orig9al impressions1 we h a g5]al resultant -- a composite photograph -- ( ^? impressions4 ,?is resultant image is ! idea ( ! class4 ,x (t5 has v few1 if any1 ( ! s5sible prop]ties ( ! p>ticul>s t und]lie x1 (t5 an artificial symbol -- ! s\nd ( a ^w -- is ! only elem5t1 pres5t to all ! in/ances1 :i* ! g5]ic image cle>ly conta9s4 ,=1 ( c\rse1 ! reason :y a "n c repres5t a class ( objects is t ! "n is ! mo/ conspicu\s elem5t ( id5tity 9 ! v>i\s exp]i5ces ( objects 9 t class4 ,we h se5 _m horses1 b if we are n lov]s ( ! animal1 nor p>ticul>ly ke5 obs]v]s1 v likely we reta9 no cle> image ( all t mass ( impressions except ! rev]b]ation ( ! s\nd horse1 :i* really or m5tally has accompani$ all ^? impressions4 ,?is s\nd1 !re=e1 is ! cont5t ( our g5]al idea1 & to x cl+ all ! associations :i* con/itute our s5se ( :at ! ^w means4 ,b a p]son ) a memory pr$om9antly visual w\ld probably add to ?is rememb]$ s\nd a m or less detail$ image ( ! animal2 "s p>ticul> horse 9 "s p>ticul> attitude might possibly be recall$1 b m probably "s imag9ative con/ruction1 "s dream image1 w\ld accompany ! s\nd4 ,an image :i* reproduc$ no p>ticul> horse exactly1 b :i* 0 a spontane\s fiction ( ! fancy1 w\ld s]ve1 by virtue ( its felt relations1 ! same purpose z ! s\nd itself4 ,su* a spontane\s image w\ld be1 ( c\rse1 v>iable4 ,9 fact1 no image c1 /rictly speak+1 ev] recur4 ,b ^! p]cepts1 z !y are call$1 spr++ up 9 ! m9d l fl[]s f ! buri$ se$s ( pa/ exp]i5ce1 w\ld inh]it all ! p[]s ( sugge/ion :i* are requir$ by any in/rum5t ( classification4 ,^! p[]s ( sugge/ion h probably a c]ebral basis4 ,! new p]cept -- ! g5]ic idea -- repeats to a great ext5t1 bo? 9 nature & localization1 ! excitem5t con/itut+ ! v>i\s orig9al impressions2 z ! p]cept reproduces m or less ( ^! x w be a m or less full & imp>tial repres5tative ( !m4 ,n all ! sugge/ions ( a ^w or image are equally ripe4 ,a g5]ic idea or type usually pres5ts to u a v inadequate & biass$ view ( ! field x means to cov]4 ,z we reflect & seek to correct ?is inadequacy1 ! p]cept *anges on our h&s4 ,! v consci\sness t o!r individuals & o!r qualities fall "u our concept1 *anges ?is concept1 z a psy*ological pres5ce1 & alt]s its di/9ctness & ext5t4 ,:5 ,i rememb]1 to use a classical example1 t ! triangle is n isosceles1 nor scal5e1 nor rectangul>1 b ea* & all ( ^?1 ,i r$uce my p]cept to ! ^w & its def9ition1 ) p]haps a s5se ( ! g5]al motion ( ! h& & eye by :i* we trace a ?ree-corn]$ figure4 ,s9ce ! production ( a g5]al idea is ?us a matt] ( subjective bias1 we _c expect t a type %\ld be ! exact av]age ( ! examples f :i* x is drawn4 ,9 a r\gh way1 x is ! av]age2 a fact t 9 itself is ! /ronge/ ( argum5ts aga9/ ! indep5d5ce or priority ( ! g5]al idea4 ,! beautiful horse1 ! beautiful spee*1 ! beautiful face1 is always a m$ium betwe5 ! extremes :i* our exp]i5ce has (f]$4 ,x is en\gh t a giv5 *>act]i/ic %\ld be g5]ally pres5t 9 our exp]i5ce1 = x to become an indisp5sable elem5t ( ! ideal4 ,!re is no?+ 9 itself beautiful or necess>y 9 ! %ape ( ! human e>1 or 9 ! pres5ce ( nails on ! f+]s & toes2 b ! ideal ( man1 :i* ! prepo/]\s conceit ( our judgm5t makes u set up z div9e & et]nal1 requires ^! precise details2 )\t !m ! human =m w\ld be repulsively ugly4 ,x (t5 happ5s t ! accid5ts ( exp]i5ce make u 9 ?is way introduce into ! ideal1 elem5ts :i*1 if !y c\ld be exclud$ )\t disgu/+ u1 w\ld make possible satisfactions great] ?an ^? we c n[ enjoy4 ,?us ! ta/e =m$ by "o s*ool ( art may condemn ! great] beauties creat$ by ano!r4 ,9 morals we h ! same ph5om5on4 ,a b>b>\s ideal ( life requires tasks & dang]s incompatible ) happ9ess2 a rude & oppress$ consci5ce is incapable ( reg>d+ z good a /ate :i* excludes its own acrid satisfactions4 ,s1 too1 a fanatical imag9ation _c reg>d ,god z j unless he is repres5t$ z inf9itely cruel4 ,! purpose ( education is1 ( c\rse1 to free u f ^! prejudices1 & to develope our ideals 9 ! direction ( ! greate/ possible good4 ,evid5tly ! ideal has be5 =m$ by ! habit ( p]ception2 x is1 9 a r\gh way1 t av]age =m :i* we expect & mo/ readily app]ceive4 ,! propriety & necessity ( x is entirely relative to our exp]i5ce & faculty ( app]ception4 ,! %ock ( surprise1 ! incongruity ) ! =m$ p]cept1 is ! ess5ce & measure ( ugl9ess4 ,! av]age modifi$ 9 ! direction ( pleasure4 #cj4 ,nev]!less we d n =m ae/hetic ideals any m ?an o!r g5]al types1 entirely )\t bias4 ,we h already obs]v$ t a p]cept seldom gives an imp>tial comp\nd ( ! objects ( :i* x is ! g5]ic image4 ,?is p>tiality is due to a v>iety ( circum/ances4 ,"o is ! unequal accuracy ( our obs]vation4 ,if "s int]e/ directs our att5tion to a p>ticul> quality ( objects1 t quality w be prom95t 9 our p]cept2 x may ev5 be ! only cont5t cle>ly giv5 9 our g5]al idea2 & any object1 h[ev] simil> 9 o!r respects to ^? ( ! giv5 class1 w at once be di/+ui%$ z belong+ to a diff]5t species if x lacks t *>act]i/ic on :i* our att5tion is p>ticul>ly fix$4 ,our p]cepts are ?us habitually biass$ 9 ! direction ( practical int]e/1 if practical int]e/ does n inde$ entirely gov]n _! =mation4 ,9 ! same mann]1 our ae/hetic ideals are biass$ 9 ! direction ( ae/hetic int]e/4 ,n all p>ts ( an object are equally congru\s ) our p]ceptive faculty2 n all elem5ts are not$ ) ! same pleasure4 ,^?1 !re=e1 :i* are agreeable are *iefly dwelt ^u by ! lov] ( beauty1 & 8 p]cept w give an av]age ( ?+s ) a great emphasis laid on t "p ( !m :i* is beautiful4 ,! ideal w ?us deviate f ! av]age 9 ! direction ( ! obs]v]'s pleasure4 ,= ?is reason ! _w is s mu* m beautiful to a poet or an arti/ ?an to an ord9>y man4 ,ea* object1 z 8 ae/hetic s5se is develop$1 is p]haps less beautiful ?an to ! uncritical eye2 8 ta/e becomes difficult1 & only ! v be/ gives him unalloy$ satisfaction4 ,b :ile ea* "w ( nature & art is ?us app>5tly blight$ by 8 great] dem&s & ke5] susceptibility1 ! _w itself1 & ! v>i\s natures x conta9s1 are to him unspeakably beautiful4 ,! m blemi%es he c see 9 m51 ! m excell5ce he sees 9 man1 & ! m bitt]ly he lam5ts ! fate ( ea* p>ticul> s\l1 ! m rev]5ce & love he has = ! s\l 9 its ideal ess5ce4 ,criticism & idealization involve ea* o!r4 ,! habit ( look+ = beauty 9 ev]y?+ makes u notice ! %ortcom+s ( ?+s2 our s5se1 hungry = complete satisfaction1 misses ! p]fection x dem&s4 ,b ?is dem& = p]fection becomes at ! same "t ! nucleus ( our obs]vation2 f e side a quick aff9ity draws :at is beautiful toge!r & /ores x 9 ! m9d1 giv+ body !re to ! bl9d ye>n+s ( our nature4 ,_m imp]fect ?+s cry/allize into a s+le p]fection4 ,! m9d is ?us peopl$ by g5]al ideas 9 :i* beauty is ! *ief quality2 & ^! ideas are at ! same "t ! types ( ?+s4 ,! type is /ill a natural resultant ( p>ticul> impressions2 b ! =mation ( x has be5 guid$ by a deep subjective bias 9 fav\r ( :at has delight$ ! eye4 ,?is !ory c be easily te/$ by ask+ :e!r1 9 ! case :]e ! ideal diff]s f ! av]age =m ( objects1 ?is v>iation is n due to ! intr9sic pleasantness or impressiv5ess ( ! quality exagg]at$4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! human =m1 ! ideal diff]s imm5sely f ! av]age4 ,9 _m respects ! extreme or some?+ ne> x is ! mo/ beautiful4 ,x5ophon describes ! wom5 ( ,arm5ia z kalai kai megalai1 & we %\ld /ill speak ( "o z fair & tall & ( ano!r z fair b little4 ,size is !re=e1 ev5 :]e lea/ requisite1 a ?+ 9 :i* ! ideal exce$s ! av]age4 ,& ! reason -- ap>t f associations ( /r5g? -- is t unusual size makes ?+s conspicu\s4 ,! fir/ pr]equisite ( effect is impression1 & size helps t2 !re=e 9 ! ae/hetic ideal ! av]age w be modifi$ by be+ enl>g$1 because t is a *ange 9 ! direction ( our pleasure1 & size w be an elem5t ( beauty4#h ,simil>ly ! eyes1 9 !mselves beautiful1 w be enl>g$ also2 & g5]ally :atev] makes by its s5su\s quality1 by its ab/ract =m1 or by its expression1 a p>ticul> appeal to our att5tion & contribution to our delight1 w c\nt = m 9 ! ideal type ?an its frequ5cy w\ld w>rant4 ,! g5]ic image has be5 con/ruct$ "u ! influ5ce ( a selective att5tion1 b5t ^u ae/hetic wor?4 ,to praise any object = approa*+ ! ideal ( its k9d is !re=e only a r\ndab\t way ( specify+ its intr9sic m]it & express+ its direct effect on our s5sibility4 ,if 9 ref]r+ to ! ideal we 7 n ?us analyz+ ! real1 ! ideal w\ld be an irrelevant & unmean+ ?+4 ,we "k :at ! ideal is because we obs]ve :at pleases u 9 ! reality4 ,if we all[ ! g5]al notion to tyrannize at all ov] ! p>ticul> impression & to bl9d u to new & unclassifi$ beauties :i* ! latt] may conta91 we are simply sub/itut+ words = feel+s1 & mak+ a v]bal classification pass = an ae/hetic judgm5t4 ,!n ! s5se ( beauty is gone to se$4 ,ideals h _! uses1 b _! au?ority is :olly repres5tative4 ,!y /& = specific satisfactions1 or else !y /& = no?+ at all4 ,9 fact1 ! :ole ma*9]y ( our intellig5ce1 our g5]al ideas & laws1 fix$ & ext]nal objects1 pr9ciples1 p]sons1 & gods1 are s _m symbolic1 algebraic expressions4 ,!y /& = exp]i5ce2 exp]i5ce :i* we are incapable ( reta9+ & survey+ 9 its multitud9\s imm$iacy4 ,we %\ld fl\nd] hopelessly1 l ! animals1 did we n keep ourselves afloat & direct our c\rse by ^! intellectual devices4 ,!ory helps u to be> our ignorance ( fact4 ,! same ?+ happ5s1 9 a way1 9 o!r fields4 ,our armies are devices necessitat$ by our weakness2 our prop]ty an encumbrance requir$ by our ne$4 ,if our situation 7 n prec>i\s1 ^! great eng9es ( dea? & life w\ld n be inv5t$4 ,& our intellig5ce is su* ano!r weapon aga9/ fate4 ,we ne$ n lam5t ! fact1 s9ce1 aft] all1 to build ^! v>i\s /ructures is1 up to a c]ta9 po9t1 ! natural function ( human nature4 ,! tr\ble is n t ! products are always subjective1 b t !y are sometimes unfit & torm5t ! _s :i* !y ex]cise4 ,! pa!tic "p ( our situation appe>s only :5 we s atta* ourselves to ^? necess>y b imp]fect fictions1 z to reject ! facts f :i* !y spr+ & ( :i* !y seek to be prophetic4 ,we are !n guilty ( t sub/itution ( means = ends1 :i* is call$ idolatry 9 religion1 absurdity 9 logic1 & folly 9 morals4 ,9 ae/hetics ! ?+ has no "n1 b is nev]!less v common2 = x is f\nd :5ev] we speak ( :at ought to please1 r ?an ( :at actually pleases4 ,are all ?+s beautiful8 #ca4 ,^! pr9ciples lead to an intelligible answ] to a "q :i* is n un9t]e/+ 9 itself & crucial 9 a sy/em ( ae/hetics4 ,are all ?+s beautiful8 ,are all types equally beautiful :5 we ab/ract f our practical prejudices8 ,if ! read] has giv5 8 ass5t to ! =ego+ propositions1 he w easily see t1 9 "o s5se1 we mu/ decl>e t no object is ess5tially ugly4 ,if impressions are pa9ful1 !y are objectifi$ ) difficulty2 ! p]ception ( a ?+ is !re=e1 "u normal circum/ances1 :5 ! s5ses are n fatigu$1 r agreeable ?an disagreeable4 ,& :5 ! frequ5t p]ception ( a class ( objects has giv5 rise to an app]ceptive norm1 & we h an ideal ( ! species1 ! recognition & exemplification ( t norm w give pleasure1 9 proportion to ! degree ( int]e/ & accuracy ) :i* we h made our obs]vations4 ,! naturali/ accord+ly sees beauties to :i* ! academic arti/ is bl9d1 & ea* new environm5t mu/ op5 to u1 if we all[ x to educate our p]ception1 a new weal? ( beautiful =ms4 ,b we are n = ?is reason oblig$ to ass]t t all gradations ( beauty & dignity are a matt] ( p]sonal & accid5tal bias4 ,! my/ics :o decl>e t to ,god !re is no di/9ction 9 ! value ( ?+s1 & t only our human prejudice makes u pref] a rose to an oy/]1 or a lion to a monkey1 h1 ( c\rse1 a reason = :at !y say4 ,if we c\ld /rip ourselves ( our human nature1 we %\ld und\bt$ly f9d ourselves incapable ( mak+ ^! di/9ctions1 z well z ( ?9k+1 p]ceiv+1 or will+ 9 any way :i* is n[ possible to u4 ,b h[ ?+s w\ld appe> to u if we 7 n human is1 to a man1 a "q ( no importance4 ,ev51 ! my/ic to :om ! def9ite con/itution ( 8 own m9d is s hateful1 c only p>alyze )\t transc5d+ 8 faculties4 ,a passionate negation1 ! motive ( :i*1 al?\gh morbid1 is 9 spite ( itself p]fectly human1 absorbs all 8 en]gies1 & 8 ultimate triumph is to atta9 ! absolut5ess ( indiff]5ce4 ,:at is true ( my/icism 9 g5]al1 is true also ( its manife/ation 9 ae/hetics4 ,if we c\ld s trans=m our ta/e z to f9d beauty ev]y:]e1 because1 p]haps1 ! ultimate nature ( ?+s is z truly exemplifi$ 9 "o ?+ z 9 ano!r1 we %\ld1 9 fact1 h aboli%$ ta/e altoge!r4 ,= ! asc5d+ s]ies ( ae/hetic satisfactions we %\ld h sub/itut$ a monoton\s judgm5t ( id5tity4 ,if ?+s are beautiful n by virtue ( _! diff]5ces b by virtue ( an id5tical some?+ :i* !y equally conta91 !n !re c\ld be no discrim9ation 9 beauty4 ,l sub/ance1 beauty w\ld be ev]y:]e "o & ! same1 & any t5d5cy to pref] "o ?+ to ano!r w\ld be a pro( ( f9itude & illusion4 ,:5 we try to make our judgm5ts absolute1 :at we d is to surr5d] our natural /&>ds & categories1 & slip into ano!r g5us1 until we lose ourselves 9 ! satisfy+ vagu5ess ( m]e be+4 ,relativity to our p>tial nature is !re=e ess5tial to all our def9ite ?\ghts1 judgm5ts1 & feel+s4 ,& :5 once ! human bias is admitt$ z a legitimate1 because = u a necess>y1 basis ( pref]5ce1 ! :ole weal? ( nature is at once organiz$ by t /&>d into a hi]>*y ( values4 ,ev]y?+ is beautiful because ev]y?+ is capable 9 "s degree ( int]e/+ & *>m+ our att5tion2 b ?+s diff] imm5sely 9 ?is capacity to please u 9 ! contemplation ( !m1 & !re=e !y diff] imm5sely 9 beauty4 ,c\ld our nature be fix$ & det]m9$ once = all 9 e p>ticul>1 ! scale ( ae/hetic values w\ld become c]ta94 ,we %\ld n dispute ab\t ta/es1 no long] because a common pr9ciple ( pref]5ce c\ld n be discov]$1 b r because any disagreem5t w\ld !n be impossible4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 human nature is a vague ab/raction2 t :i* is common to all m5 is ! lea/ "p ( _! natural end[m5t4 ,ae/hetic capacity is accord+ly v unev5ly di/ribut$2 & ! _w ( beauty is mu* va/] & m complex to "o man ?an to ano!r4 ,s long1 inde$1 z ! di/9ction is m]ely "o ( developm5t1 s t we recognize 9 ! greate/ connoisseur only ! ref9em5t ( ! judgm5ts ( ! rude/ peasant1 our ae/hetic pr9ciple has n *ang$2 we might say t1 9 s f>1 we _h a common /&>d m or less widely appli$4 ,we might say s1 because t /&>d w\ld be an implication ( a common nature m or less fully develop$4 ,b m5 d n diff] only 9 ! degree ( _! susceptibility1 !y diff] also 9 its direction4 ,human nature bran*es into oppos$ & incompatible *>act]s4 ,& ta/e foll[s ?is bifurcation4 ,we _c1 except :imsically1 say t a ta/e = music is high] or l[] ?an a ta/e = sculpture4 ,a man might be a musician & a sculptor by turns2 t w\ld only involve a p]fectly conceivable enl>gem5t 9 human g5ius4 ,b ! union ?us effect$ w\ld be an accumulation ( gifts 9 ! obs]v]1 n a comb9ation ( beauties 9 ! object4 ,! excell5ce ( sculpture & t ( music w\ld rema9 entirely indep5d5t & het]og5e\s4 ,su* div]g5ces are l ^? ( ! out] s5ses to :i* ^! arts appeal4 ,s\nd & col\r h analogies only 9 _! l[e/ dep?1 z vibrations & excitem5t2 z !y gr[ specific & objective1 !y div]ge2 & al?\gh ! same consci\sness p]ceives !m1 x p]ceives !m z unrelat$ & uncomb9able objects4 ,! ideal enl>gem5t ( human capacity1 !re=e1 has no t5d5cy to con/itute a s+le /&>d ( beauty4 ,^! /&>ds rema9 ! expression ( div]se habits ( s5se & imag9ation4 ,! man :o comb9es ! greate/ range ) ! greate/ end[m5t 9 ea* p>ticul>1 w1 ( c\rse1 be ! critic mo/ g5]ally respect$4 ,he w express ! feel+s ( ! great] numb] ( m54 ,! advantage ( scope 9 criticism lies n 9 ! improvem5t ( our s5se 9 ea* p>ticul> field2 "h ! arti/ w detect ! amateur's %ortcom+s4 ,b no man is a speciali/ ) 8 :ole s\l4 ,"s lat5t capacity he has = o!r p]ceptions2 & x is = ! awak5+ ( ^!1 & _! m>%all+ be=e him1 t ! /ud5t ( ea* k9d ( beauty turns to ! lov] ( !m all4 ,! temptation1 !re=e1 to say t all ?+s are really equally beautiful arises f an imp]fect analysis1 by :i* ! op]ations ( ! ae/hetic consci\sness are only p>tially dis9tegrat$4 ,! dep5d5ce ( ! degrees ( beauty ^u our nature is p]ceiv$1 :ile ! dep5d5ce ( its ess5ce ^u our nature is /ill ignor$4 ,all ?+s are n equally beautiful because ! subjective bias t discrim9ates betwe5 !m is ! cause ( _! be+ beautiful at all4 ,! pr9ciple ( p]sonal pref]5ce is ! same z t ( human ta/e2 real & objective beauty1 9 contra/ to a vag>y ( individuals1 means only an aff9ity to a m preval5t & la/+ susceptibility1 a response toa m g5]al & fundam5tal dem&4 ,& ! ke5] discrim9ation1 by :i* ! di/ance betwe5 beautiful & ugly ?+s is increas$1 f> f be+ a loss ( ae/hetic insight1 is a developm5t ( t faculty by ! ex]cise ( :i* beauty comes into ! _w4 ,effects ( indet]m9ate organization4 #cb4 ,x is ! free ex]cise ( ! activity ( app]ception t gives s peculi> an int]e/ to indet]m9ate objects1 to ! vague1 ! incoh]5t1 ! sugge/ive1 ! v>i\sly int]pretable4 ,! m ?is effect is appeal$ to1 ! great] weal? ( ?\ght is presum$ 9 ! obs]v]1 & ! less ma/]y is display$ by ! arti/4 ,a poor & lit]al m9d _c enjoy ! opportunity = rev]ie & con/ruction giv5 by ! /imulus ( indet]m9ate objects2 x lacks ! requisite res\rces4 ,x is nonpluss$ & annoy$1 & turns away to simpl] & m transp>5t ?+s ) a feel+ ( helplessness (t5 turn+ into contempt4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 ! arti/ :o is n arti/ en\gh1 :o has too _m irrepressible tal5ts & too little te*nical skill1 is sure to float 9 ! region ( ! indet]m9ate4 ,he sket*es & nev] pa9ts2 he h9ts & nev] expresses2 he /imulates & nev] in=ms4 ,?is is ! me?od ( ! individuals & ( ! nations t h m g5ius ?an art4 ,! consci\sness t accompanies ?is *>act]i/ic is ! s5se ( pr(undity1 ( mighty significance4 ,& ?is feel+ is n necess>ily an illusion4 ,! nature ( our mat]ials -- be !y words1 col\rs1 or pla/ic matt] -- imposes a limit & bias ^u our expression4 ,! reality ( exp]i5ce c nev] be q r5d]$ ?r\gh ^! m$ia4 ,! greate/ ma/]y ( te*nique w !re=e come %ort ( p]fect adequacy & exhau/iv5ess2 !re mu/ always rema9 a p5umbra & fr+e ( sugge/ion if ! mo/ explicit repres5tation is to communicate a tru?4 ,:5 !re is real pr(undity1 -- :5 ! liv+ core ( ?+s is mo/ firmly grasp$1 -- !re w accord+ly be a felt inadequacy ( expression1 & an appeal to ! obs]v] to piece out our imp]fections ) 8 ?\ghts4 ,b ?is %\ld come only aft] ! res\rces ( a pati5t & well-le>n$ art h be5 exhau/$2 else :at is felt z dep? is really confusion & incompet5ce4 ,! simple/ ?+ becomes unutt]able1 if we h =gott5 h[ to speak4 ,& a habitual indulg5ce 9 ! in>ticulate is a sure sign ( ! philosoph] :o has n le>n$ to ?9k1 ! poet :o has n le>n$ to write1 ! pa9t] :o has n le>n$ to pa9t1 & ! impression t has n le>n$ to express itself -- all ( :i* are compatible ) an imm5sity ( g5ius 9 ! inexpressible s\l4 ,our age is giv5 to ?is sort ( self-indulg5ce1 & on bo? ! gr\nds m5tion$4 ,our public1 )\t be+ really tra9$1 -- = we appeal to too l>ge a public to require tra9+ 9 x1 -- is well in=m$ & eag]ly responsive to ev]y?+2 x is ready to "w pretty h>d1 & d its %>e t[>ds its own pr(it & ent]ta9m5t4 ,x becomes a po9t ( pride ) x to und]/& & appreciate ev]y?+4 ,& our art1 9 its turn1 does n ov]look ?is opportunity4 ,x becomes disorganiz$1 sporadic1 :imsical1 & exp]im5tal4 ,! crudity we are too di/ract$ to ref9e1 we accept z orig9ality1 & ! vagu5ess we are too pret5ti\s to make accurate1 we pass (f z sublimity4 ,?is is ! secret ( mak+ great works on novel pr9ciples1 & ( writ+ h>d books easily4 ,example ( l&scape4 #cc4 ,an extraord9>y ta/e = l&scape comp5sates u = ?is ignorance ( :at is be/ & mo/ f9i%$ 9 ! arts4 ,! natural l&scape is an indet]m9ate object2 x almo/ always conta9s en\gh div]sity to all[ ! eye a great lib]ty 9 select+1 emphasiz+1 & gr\p+ its elem5ts1 & x is fur!rmore ri* 9 sugge/ion & 9 vague emotional /imulus4 ,a l&scape to be se5 has to be compos$1 & to be lov$ has to be moraliz$4 ,t is ! reason :y rude or vulg> p are indiff]5t to _! natural surr\nd+s4 ,x does n occur to !m t ! "w-a-day _w is capable ( ae/hetic contemplation4 ,only on holidays1 :5 !y add to !mselves & _! belong+s "s unusual ornam5t1 d !y /op to wat* ! effect4 ,! f> m beautiful daily aspects ( _! environm5t escape !m altoge!r4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we le>n to app]ceive2 :5 we gr[ fond ( trac+ l9es & develop+ vi/as2 :51 above all1 ! subtl] influ5ces ( places on our m5tal tone are transmut$ into an expressiv5ess 9 ^? places1 & !y are fur!rmore poetiz$ by our day-dreams1 & turn$ by our in/ant fancy into s _m h9ts ( a fairyl& ( happy liv+ & vague adv5ture1 -- !n we feel t ! l&scape is beautiful4 ,! =e/1 ! fields1 all wild or rural sc5es1 are !n full ( companion%ip & ent]ta9m5t4 ,?is is a beauty dep5d5t on rev]ie1 fancy1 & objectifi$ emotion4 ,! promiscu\s natural l&scape _c be enjoy$ 9 any o!r way4 ,x has no real unity1 & !re=e requires to h "s =m or o!r suppli$ by ! fancy2 :i* c be ! m readily done1 9 t ! possible =ms are _m1 & ! con/ant *anges 9 ! object (f] v>y+ sugge/ions to ! eye4 ,9 fact1 psy*ologically speak+1 !re is no su* ?+ z a l&scape2 :at we call su* is an inf9ity ( diff]5t scraps & glimpses giv5 9 succession4 ,ev5 a pa9t$ l&scape1 al?\gh x t5ds to select & emphasize "s p>ts ( ! field1 is compos$ by add+ toge!r a multitude ( views4 ,:5 ?is pa9t+ is obs]v$ 9 its turn1 x is survey$ z a real l&scape w\ld be1 & app]ceiv$ p>tially & piecemeal2 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 x (f]s mu* less weal? ( mat]ial ?an its liv+ orig9al1 & is !re=e va/ly inf]ior4 ,only ! extreme ( :at is call$ impressionism tries to give ^u canvas "o absolute mom5t>y view2 ! result is t :5 ! behold] has himself actually be5 /ruck by t aspect1 ! picture has an extraord9>y =ce & emotional value -- l ! vivid p[] ( recall+ ! pa/ possess$ by smells4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 su* a "w is empty & trivial 9 ! extreme2 x is ! photograph ( a deta*$ impression1 n foll[$1 z x w\ld be 9 nature1 by _m v>iations ( itself4 ,an object s unusual is (t5 unrecognizable1 if ! vision ?us unnaturally isolat$ has nev] happ5$ to come vividly into our own exp]i5ce4 ,! opposite s*ool -- :at might be call$ discursive l&scape pa9t+ -- collects s _m glimpses & gives s fully ! sum ( our positive obs]vations ( a p>ticul> sc5e1 t its "w is sure to be p]fectly intelligible & pla94 ,if x seems unreal & un9t]e/+1 t is because x is =mless1 l ! collective object x repres5ts1 :ile x lacks t s5su\s int5sity & movem5t :i* might h made ! reality /imulat+4 ,! l&scape conta9s1 ( c\rse1 innum]able ?+s :i* h det]m9ate =ms2 b if ! att5tion is direct$ specifically to !m1 we h no long] :at1 by a curi\s limitation ( ! ^w1 is call$ ! love ( nature4 ,n v long ago x 0 usual = pa9t]s ( l&scapes to introduce figures1 build+s1 or ru9s to add "s human association to ! beauty ( ! place4 ,or1 if wildness & desolation 7 to be pictur$1 at lea/ "o we>y wayf>] mu/ be se5 sitt+ ^u a brok5 column4 ,he might we> a toga & !n be ,m>ius among ! ru9s ( ,c>?age4 ,! l&scape )\t figures w\ld h seem$ mean+less2 ! spectator w\ld h sat 9 susp5se await+ some?+1 z at ! !atre :5 ! curta9 rises on an empty /age4 ,! indet]m9at5ess ( ! sugge/ions ( an unhumaniz$ sc5e 0 !n felt z a defect2 n[ we feel x r z an exaltation4 ,we ne$ to be free2 our emotion suffices u2 we d n ask = a description ( ! object :i* int]e/s u z a "p ( ourselves4 ,we %\ld blu% to say s simple & obvi\s a ?+ z t to u ! m\nta9s are a feel+2 nor %\ld we ?9k ( apologiz+ = our romanticism z ,byron did3 ,i love n man ! less b nature m ,f ^! our int]views1 9 :i* ,i /eal1 ,f all ,i may be1 or h be5 be=e1 ,to m+le ) ! univ]se1 & feel ,:at ,i c ne'er express4 ,?is ability to re/ 9 nature unadorn$ & to f9d ent]ta9m5t 9 h] aspects1 is1 ( c\rse1 a great ga94 ,ae/hetic education consi/s 9 tra9+ ourselves to see ! maximum ( beauty4 ,to see x 9 ! physical _w1 :i* mu/ cont9ually be ab\t u1 is a great progress t[>d t m>riage ( ! imag9ation ) ! reality :i* is ! goal ( contemplation4 ,:ile we ga9 ?is ma/]y ( ! =mless1 h[ev]1 we %\ld n lose ! m necess>y capacity ( see+ =m 9 ^? ?+s :i* happ5 to h x4 ,9 respect to mo/ ( ^? ?+s :i* are det]m9ate z well z natural1 we are usually 9 t /ate ( ae/hetic unconsci\sness :i* ! peasant is 9 9 respect to ! l&scape4 ,we treat human life & its environm5t ) ! same utilit>ian eye ) :i* he reg>ds ! field & m\nta94 ,t is beautiful :i* is expressive ( conv5i5ce & weal?2 ! re/ is indiff]5t4 ,if we mean by love ( nature ae/hetic delight 9 ! _w 9 :i* we casually live 7& :at c be m natural ?an man & all 8 arts871 we may say t ! absolute love ( nature h>dly exi/s among u4 ,:at we love is ! /imulation ( our own p]sonal emotions & dreams2 & l&scape appeals to u1 z music does to ^? :o h no s5se = musical =m4 ,!re w\ld seem to be no tru? 9 ! say+ t ! anci5ts lov$ nature less ?an we4 ,!y lov$ l&scape less -- less1 at lea/1 9 proportion to _! love ( ! def9ite ?+s x conta9$4 ,! vague & *ang+ effects ( ! atmosph]e1 ! masses ( m\nta9s1 ! inf9ite & liv+ complexity ( =e/s1 did n fasc9ate !m4 ,!y _h n t prepond]ant ta/e = ! indet]m9ate t makes ! l&scape a fav\rite subject ( contemplation4 ,b love ( nature1 & compreh5sion ( h]1 !y _h 9 a mo/ em95t degree2 9 fact1 !y actually made explicit t objectification ( our own s\l 9 h]1 :i* = ! romantic poet rema9s a m]e vague & %ift+ sugge/ion4 ,:at are ! cele/ial gods1 ! nymphs1 ! fauns1 ! dryads1 b ! def9ite app]ceptions ( t haunt+ _s :i* we ?9k we see 9 ! sky1 ! m\nta9s1 & ! woods8 ,we may ?9k t our vague intuition grasps ! tru? ( :at _! *ildi% imag9ation turn$ into a fable4 ,b our belief1 if x is "o1 is j z fabul\s1 j z mu* a projection ( human nature into mat]ial ?+s2 & if we r5\nce all positive conception ( quasi-m5tal pr9ciples 9 nature1 & r$uce our moraliz+ ( h] to a poetic expression ( our own s5sations1 !n c we say t our v]bal & illusive images are comp>able z repres5tations ( ! life ( nature to ! precision1 v>iety1 hum\r1 & beauty ( ! ,greek my?ology8 ,ext5sions to objects usually n reg>d$ au!ntically4 #cd4 ,x may n be sup]flu\s to m5tion "h c]ta9 analog\s fields :]e ! human m9d gives a s]ies ( un/able =ms to objects 9 !mselves indet]m9ate4#i ,hi/ory1 philosophy1 natural z well z moral1 & religion are evid5tly su* fields4 ,all !ory is a subjective =m giv5 to an indet]m9ate mat]ial4 ,! mat]ial is exp]i5ce2 & al?\gh ea* "p ( exp]i5ce is1 ( c\rse1 p]fectly def9ite 9 itself1 & j t exp]i5ce :i* x is1 yet ! recollection & relat+ toge!r ( ! successive exp]i5ces is a function ( ! !oretical faculty4 ,! sy/ematic relations ( ?+s 9 "t & space1 & _! dep5d5ce ^u "o ano!r1 are ! "w ( our imag9ation4 ,!ory c !re=e nev] h ! k9d ( tru? :i* belongs to exp]i5ce2 z ,hobbes has x1 no disc\rse :atsoev] c end 9 absolute k ( fact4 ,x is conceivable t two diff]5t !ories %\ld be equally true 9 respect to ! same facts4 ,all t is requir$ is t !y %\ld be equally complete s*emes = ! relation & pr$iction ( ! realities !y deal )4 ,! *oice betwe5 !m w\ld be an arbitr>y "o1 det]m9$ by p]sonal bias1 = ! object be+ indet]m9ate1 its elem5ts c be app]ceiv$ z =m+ all k9ds ( unities4 ,a !ory is a =m ( app]ception1 & 9 apply+ x to ! facts1 al?\gh our fir/ conc]n is naturally ! adequacy ( our in/rum5t ( compreh5sion1 we are also influ5c$1 m ?an we ?9k1 by ! ease & pleasure ) :i* we ?9k 9 its t]ms1 t is1 by its beauty4 ,! case ( two alt]native !ories ( nature1 bo? exhau/ive & adequate1 may seem some:at imag9>y4 ,! human m9d is1 inde$1 n ri* & indet]m9ate en\gh to drive1 z ! say+ is1 _m horses abrea/2 x wi%es to h "o g5]al s*eme ( conception only1 "u :i* x /rives to br+ ev]y?+4 ,yet ! philosoph]s1 :o are ! sc\ts ( common s5se1 h come 9 sight ( ?is possibility ( a v>iety ( me?ods ( deal+ ) ! same facts4 ,z at ! basis ( evolution g5]ally !re are _m v>iations1 only "s ( :i* rema9 fix$1 s at ! orig9 ( conception !re are _m s*emes2 ^! are simultane\sly develop$1 & at mo/ /ages ( ?\ght divide ! intellig5ce among !mselves4 ,s mu* is ?\ght ( on "o pr9ciple -- say me*anically -- & s mu* on ano!r -- say teleologically4 ,9 ^? m9ds only t h a speculative turn1 t is1 9 :om ! desire = unity ( compreh5sion outruns practical exig5cies1 does ! conflict become intol]able4 ,9 !m "o or ano!r ( ^! !ories t5ds to swall[ all exp]i5ce1 b is commonly incapable ( do+ s4 ,! f9al victory ( a s+le philosophy is n yet won1 because none z yet has prov$ adequate to all exp]i5ce4 ,if ev] unity %\ld be atta9$1 our unanimity w\ld n indicate t1 z ! popul> fancy conceives x1 ! tru? _h be5 discov]$2 x w\ld only indicate t ! human m9d _h f\nd a def9itive way ( classify+ its exp]i5ce4 ,v likely1 if man /ill reta9$ 8 invet]ate habit ( hypo/atiz+ 8 ideas1 t def9itive s*eme w\ld be reg>d$ z a repres5tation ( ! objective relations ( ?+s2 b no pro( t x 0 s w\ld ev] be f\nd1 nor ev5 any h9t t !re 7 ext]nal objects1 n to speak ( relations betwe5 !m4 ,z ! objects are hypo/atiz$ p]cepts1 s ! relations are hypo/atiz$ processes ( ! human und]/&+4 ,to h rea*$ a f9al philosophy w\ld be only to h =mulat$ ! typical & satisfy+ =m ( human app]ception2 ! view w\ld rema9 a !ory1 an in/rum5t ( compreh5sion & survey fitt$ to ! human eye2 x w\ld be = ev] utt]ly het]og5e\s f fact1 utt]ly unrepres5tative ( any ( ^? exp]i5ces :i* x w\ld artificially connect & weave into a patt]n4 ,my?ology & !ology are ! mo/ /rik+ illu/rations ( ?is human me?od ( incorporat+ mu* diffuse exp]i5ce into graphic & picturesque ideas2 b /eady reflection w h>dly all[ u to see any?+ else 9 ! !ories ( sci5ce & philosophy4 ,^!1 too1 are creatures ( our intellig5ce1 & h _! only be+ 9 ! movem5t ( our ?\ght1 z !y h _! only ju/ification 9 _! fitness to our exp]i5ce4 ,long be=e we c atta91 h[ev]1 ! ideal unification ( exp]i5ce "u "o !ory1 ! v>i\s fields ( ?\ght dem& provisional surveys2 we are oblig$ to reflect on life 9 a v>iety ( deta*$ & unrelat$ acts1 s9ce nei!r c ! :ole mat]ial ( life be ev] giv5 :ile we /ill live1 nor c t :i* is giv5 be imp>tially reta9$ 9 ! human memory4 ,:5 omnisci5ce 0 d5i$ u1 we 7 end[$ ) v]satility4 ,! picturesqu5ess ( human ?\ght may console u = its imp]fection4 ,hi/ory1 = in/ance1 :i* passes = ! acc\nt ( facts1 is 9 reality a collection ( app]ceptions ( an indet]m9ate mat]ial2 = ev5 ! mat]ial ( hi/ory is n fact1 b consi/s ( memories & words subject to ev]-v>y+ int]pretation4 ,no hi/orian c be )\t bias1 because ! bias def9es ! hi/ory4 ,! memory 9 ! fir/ place is selective2 (ficial & o!r records are selective1 & (t5 int5tionally p>tial4 ,monum5ts & ru9s rema9 by *ance4 ,& :5 ! hi/orian has set himself to /udy ^! few relics ( ! pa/1 ! "w ( 8 own intellig5ce beg9s4 ,he mu/ h "s guid+ int]e/4 ,a hi/ory is n an indiscrim9ate regi/] ( e kn[n ev5t2 a file ( newspap]s is n an inspiration ( ,clio4 ,a hi/ory is a view ( ! =tunes ( "s in/itution or p]son2 x traces ! developm5t ( "s int]e/4 ,?is int]e/ furni%es ! /&>d by :i* ! facts are select$1 & _! importance gaug$4 ,!n1 aft] ! facts are ?us *os51 m>%all$1 & emphasiz$1 comes ! indication ( causes & relations2 & 9 ?is "p ( 8 "w ! hi/orian plunges av[$ly into speculation1 & becomes a philosophical poet4 ,ev]y?+ w !n dep5d on 8 g5ius1 on 8 pr9ciples1 on 8 passions1 -- 9 a ^w1 on 8 app]ceptive =ms4 ,& ! value ( hi/ory is simil> to t ( poetry1 & v>ies ) ! beauty1 p[]1 & adequacy ( ! =m 9 :i* ! indet]m9ate mat]ial ( human life is pres5t$4 ,fur!r dang]s ( indet]m9at5ess4 #ce4 ,! fondness ( a race or epo* = any k9d ( effect is a natural expression ( temp]am5t & circum/ances1 & _c be blam$ or easily correct$4 ,at ! same "t we may /op to consid] "s ( ! disadvantages ( a ta/e = ! indet]m9ate4 ,we %all be regi/]+ a tru? & at ! same "t1 p]haps1 giv+ "s enc\ragem5t to t rebellion :i* we may inw>dly feel aga9/ ?is too preval5t mann]4 ,! indet]m9ate is by its nature ambigu\s2 x is !re=e obscure & unc]ta9 9 its effect1 & if us$1 z 9 _m arts x (t5 is1 to convey a mean+1 mu/ fail to d s unequivocally4 ,:]e a mean+ is n to be convey$1 z 9 l&scape1 ar*itecture1 or music1 ! illusiv5ess ( ! =m is n s objectionable3 al?\gh 9 all ^! objects ! t5d5cy to obs]ve =ms & to dem& !m is a sign ( increas+ appreciation4 ,! ignorant fail to see ! =ms ( music1 ar*itecture1 & l&scape1 & !re=e are ins5sible to relative rank & te*nical values 9 ^! sph]es2 !y reg>d ! objects only z s _m /imuli to emotion1 z soo?+ or enliv5+ influ5ces4 ,b ! s5su\s & associative values ( ^! ?+s -- especially ( music -- are s great1 t ev5 )\t an appreciation ( =m consid]able beauty may be f\nd 9 !m4 ,9 lit]ature1 h[ev]1 :]e ! s5su\s value ( ! words is comp>atively small1 indet]m9at5ess ( =m is fatal to beauty1 &1 if extreme1 ev5 to expressiv5ess4 ,= mean+ is convey$ by ! =m & ord] ( words1 n by ! words !mselves1 & no precision ( mean+ c be rea*$ )\t precision ( /yle4 ,!re=e no respectable writ] is volunt>ily obscure 9 ! /ructure ( 8 phrases -- t is an abuse res]v$ = ! cl[ns ( lit]>y fa%ion4 ,b a book is a l>g] s5t5ce1 & if x is =mless x fails to mean any?+1 = ! same reason t an un=m$ collection ( words means no?+4 ,! *apt]s & v]ses may h said some?+1 z loose words may h a kn[n s5se & a tone2 b ! book w h br\ght no message4 ,9 fact1 ! abs5ce ( =m 9 composition has two /ages3 t 9 :i*1 z 9 ! works ( ,em]son1 significant fragm5ts are collect$1 & no sy/em1 no total ?\ght1 con/ruct$ out ( !m2 & secondly1 t 9 :i*1 z 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,symboli/s ( our "t1 all ! significance is kept back 9 ! individual words1 or ev5 9 ! syllables t compose !m4 ,?is mosaic ( ^w-values has1 inde$1 a possibility ( effect1 = ! abs5ce ( =m does n de/roy mat]ials1 b1 z we h obs]v$1 r all[s ! att5tion to rema9 fix$ ^u !m2 & = ?is reason abs5ce ( s5se is a means ( acc5tuat+ beauty ( s\nd & v]bal sugge/ion4 ,b ?is example %[s h[ ! t5d5cy to neglect /ructure 9 lit]ature is a t5d5cy to surr5d] ! use ( language z an in/rum5t ( ?\ght ,! desc5t is easy f ambiguity to mean+lessness4 ,! indet]m9ate 9 =m is also indet]m9ate 9 value4 ,x ne$s completion by ! m9d ( ! obs]v] & z ?is completion diff]s1 ! value ( ! result mu/ v>y4 ,an indet]m9ate object is !re=e beautiful to him :o c make x s1 & ugly to him :o _c4 ,x appeals to a few & to !m div]sely4 ,9 fact1 ! obs]v]'s own m9d is ! /oreh\se f :i* ! beautiful =m has to be drawn4 ,if ! =m is n !re1 x _c be appli$ to ! half-f9i%$ object2 x is l ask+ a man )\t skill to complete ano!r man's composition4 ,! indet]m9ate object !re=e requires an active & well-equipp$ m9d1 & is o!rwise )\t value4 ,x is fur!rmore unpr(itable ev5 to ! m9d :i* takes x up2 x /imulates t m9d to action1 b x pres5ts x ) no new object4 ,we c respond only ) ^? =ms ( app]ception :i* we already are accu/om$ to4 ,a =mless object _c in=m ! m9d1 _c m\ld x to a new habit4 ,t happ5s only :5 ! data1 by _! cle> det]m9ation1 compel ! eye & imag9ation to foll[ new pa?s & see new relations4 ,!n we are introduc$ to a new beauty1 & enri*$ to t ext5t4 ,b ! indet]m9ate1 l music to ! s5tim5tal1 is a vague /imulus4 ,x calls =? at r&om su* ideas & memories z may lie to h&1 /irr+ ! m9d1 b leav+ x undiscipl9$ & unacqua9t$ ) any new object4 ,?is /irr+1 l t ( ! pool ( ,be!sda1 may inde$ h its virtue4 ,a creative m9d1 already ri* 9 exp]i5ce & obs]vation1 may1 "u ! influ5ce ( su* a /imulus1 d>t into a new ?\ght1 & give bir? to t ) :i* x is already pregnant2 b ! f]tiliz+ se$ came f else:]e1 f /udy & admiration ( ^? def9ite =ms :i* nature conta9s1 or :i* art1 9 imitation ( nature1 has conceiv$ & br\ght to p]fection4 ,illusion ( inf9ite p]fection4 #cf4 ,! great advantage1 !n1 ( indet]m9ate organization is t x cultivates t spontaneity1 intellig5ce1 & imag9ation )\t :i* _m important objects w\ld rema9 un9telligible1 & because un9telligible1 un9t]e/+4 ,! beauty ( l&scape1 ! =ms ( religion & sci5ce1 ! types ( human nature itself1 are due to ?is app]ceptive gift4 ,)\t x we %\ld h a *aos2 b its pati5t & ev]-fre% activity c>ves out ( ! fluid mat]ial a great v>iety ( =ms4 ,an object :i* /imulates u to ?is activity1 !re=e1 seems (t5 to be m sublime & beautiful ?an "o :i* pres5ts to u a s+le un*ang+ =m1 h[ev] p]fect4 ,!re seems to be a life & inf9ity 9 ! incomplete1 :i* ! det]m9ate excludes by its own complet5ess & petrifaction4 ,& yet ! ef=t 9 ?is v activity is to rea* det]m9ation2 we c only see beauty 9 s f> z we introduce =m4 ,! in/ability ( ! =m c be no advantage to a "w ( art2 ! det]m9ate keeps con/antly :at ! indet]m9ate rea*es only 9 ^? mom5ts 9 :i* ! obs]v]'s imag9ation is especially propiti\s4 ,if we feel a c]ta9 disappo9tm5t 9 ! monoton\s limits ( a def9ite =m & its et]nal1 unsympa?iz+ message1 might we n feel mu* m ! melan*oly transi5cy ( ^? glimpses ( beauty :i* elude u 9 ! indet]m9ate8 ,might n ! torm5t & unc]ta9ty ( ?is contemplation1 ) ! self-consci\sness x probably involves1 m easily tire u ?an ! quiet companion%ip ( a con/ant object8 ,may we n pref] ! un*angeable to ! irrecov]able8 ,we may2 & ! pref]5ce is "o :i* we %\ld all m cle>ly feel1 7 x n = an illusion1 prop] to ! romantic temp]am5t1 :i* l5ds a my/]i\s *>m to ?+s :i* are indef9ite & indef9able4 ,x is ! sugge/ion ( inf9ite p]fection4 ,9 reality1 p]fection is a synonym ( f9itude4 ,nei!r 9 nature nor 9 ! fancy c any?+ be p]fect except by realiz+ a def9ite type1 :i* excludes all v>iation1 & contra/s %>ply ) e o!r possibility ( be+4 ,!re is no p]fection ap>t f a =m ( app]ception or type2 & !re are z _m k9ds ( p]fection z !re are types or =ms ( app]ception lat5t 9 ! m9d4 ,n[ ^! v>i\s p]fections are mutually exclusive4 ,only 9 a k9d ( ae/hetic orgy -- 9 ! madness ( an intoxicat$ imag9ation -- c we confuse !m4 ,z ! ,roman emp]or wi%$ t ! ,roman p _h b a s+le neck1 to murd] !m at "o bl[1 s we may sometimes wi% t all beauties _h b "o =m1 t we might behold !m toge!r4 ,b 9 ! nature ( ?+s beauties are incompatible4 ,! spr+ _c coexi/ ) ! autumn1 nor day ) night2 :at is beautiful 9 a *ild is hide\s 9 a man1 & vice v]sa2 e age1 e c\ntry1 ea* sex1 has a peculi> beauty1 f9ite & incommunicable2 ! bett] x is atta9$ ! m completely x excludes e o!r4 ,! same is evid5tly true ( s*ools ( art1 ( /yles & languages1 & ( e effect :atsoev]4 ,x exi/s by its f9itude & is great 9 proportion to its det]m9ation4 ,b !re is a loose & some:at helpless /ate ( m9d 9 :i* :ile we are incapable ( realiz+ any p>ticul> ?\ght or vision 9 its p]fect cle>ness & absolute beauty1 we nev]!less feel its haunt+ pres5ce 9 ! backgr\nd ( consci\sness4 ,& "o reason :y ! idea _c em]ge f t obscurity is t x is n alone 9 ! bra92 a ?\s& o!r ideals1 a ?\s& o!r pla/ic t5d5cies ( ?\ght1 simm] !re 9 confusion2 & if any def9ite image is pres5t$ 9 response to t vague agitation ( our s\l1 we feel its inadequacy to our ne$ 9 spite (1 or p]haps on acc\nt (1 its own p>ticul> p]fection4 ,we !n say t ! classic does n satisfy u1 & t ! ,grecian cloys u ) 8 p]fectness4 ,we are n capable ( t conc5trat$ & s]i\s att5tion to "o ?+ at a "t :i* w\ld enable u to s9k into its be+1 & enjoy ! intr9sic h>monies ( its =m1 & ! bliss ( its imman5t p>ticul> heav52 we fl\nd] 9 ! vague1 b at ! same "t we are full ( ye>n+s1 ( half-?\ghts & semi-visions1 & ! upw>d t5d5cy & exaltation ( our mood is emphatic & ov]p[]+ 9 proportion to our incapacity to ?9k1 speak1 or imag9e4 ,! sum ( our incoh]5ces has1 h[ev]1 an impos+ volume & ev51 p]haps1 a vague1 g5]al direction4 ,we feel ourselves lad5 ) an inf9ite burd52 & :at delights u mo/ & seems to u to come ne>e/ to ! ideal is n :at embodies any "o possible =m1 b t :i*1 by embody+ none1 sugge/s _m1 & /irs ! mass ( our in>ticulate imag9ation ) a p]vasive ?rill4 ,ea* ?+1 )\t be+ a beauty 9 itself1 by /imulat+ our indet]m9ate emotion1 seems to be a h9t & expression ( inf9ite beauty4 ,t inf9ite p]fection :i* _c be realiz$1 because x is self-contradictory1 may be ?us sugge/$1 & on acc\nt ( ?is sugge/ion an indet]m9ate effect may be reg>d$ z high]1 m significant1 & m beautiful ?an any det]m9ate "o4 ,! illusion1 h[ev]1 is obvi\s4 ,! inf9ite p]fection sugge/$ is an absurdity4 ,:at exi/s is a vague emotion1 ! objects ( :i*1 if !y c\ld em]ge f ! *aos ( a confus$ imag9ation1 w\ld turn out to be a multitude ( diff]5tly beautiful det]m9ate ?+s4 ,?is emotion ( inf9ite p]fection is ! mat]ia prima -- rudis indige/aque moles -- out ( :i* att5tion1 inspiration1 & art c br+ =? an inf9ity ( p>ticul> p]fections4 ,e ae/hetic success1 :e!r 9 contemplation or production1 is ! bir? ( "o ( ^! possibilities ) :i* ! s5se ( inf9ite p]fection is pregnant4 ,a "w ( art or an act ( obs]vation :i* rema9s indet]m9ate is1 !re=e1 a failure1 h[ev] mu* x may /ir our emotion4 ,x is a failure = two reasons4 ,9 ! fir/ place ?is emotion is seldom :olly pleasant2 x is disquiet+ & p]plex+2 x br+s a desire r ?an a satisfaction4 ,& 9 ! second place1 ! emotion1 n be+ embodi$1 fails to con/itute ! beauty ( any?+2 & :at we h is m]ely a s5tim5t1 a consci\sness t values are or might be !re1 b a failure to extricate ^? values1 or to make !m explicit & recognizable 9 an appropriate object4 ,^! grop+s aft] beauty h _! wor? z signs ( ae/hetic vitality & intimations ( future possible accompli%m5t2 b 9 !mselves !y are abortive1 & m>k ! impot5ce ( ! imag9ation4 ,s5tim5talism 9 ! obs]v] & romanticism 9 ! arti/ are examples ( ?is ae/hetic incapacity4 ,:5ev] beauty is really se5 & lov$1 x has a def9ite embodim5t3 ! eye has precision1 ! "w has /yle1 & ! object has p]fection4 ,! k9d ( p]fection may inde$ be new2 & if ! discov]y ( new p]fections is to be call$ romanticism1 !n romanticism is ! beg9n+ ( all ae/hetic life4 ,b if by romanticism we mean indulg5ce 9 confus$ sugge/ion & 9 ! exhibition ( turgid =ce1 !n !re is evid5tly ne$ ( education1 ( att5tive lab\r1 to dis5tangle ! beauties s vaguely felt1 & give ea* its adequate embodim5t4 ,! bread? ( our inspiration ne$ n be lo/ 9 ?is process ( cl>ification1 = !re is no limit to ! numb] & v>iety ( =ms :i* ! _w may be made to we>2 only1 if x is to be appreciat$ z beautiful & n m]ely felt z unutt]able1 x mu/ be se5 z a k+dom ( =ms4 ,?us ! works ( ,%akespe>e give u a great v>iety1 ) a frequ5t m>vell\s precision ( *>act]ization1 & ! =ms ( 8 art are def9ite al?\gh its scope is great4 ,b by a curi\s anomaly1 we are (t5 expect$ to see ! greate/ expressiv5ess 9 :at rema9s indet]m9ate1 & 9 reality expresses no?+4 ,z we h already obs]v$1 ! s5se ( pr(undity & significance is a v deta*able emotion2 x c accompany a confus$ jumble ( prompt+s q z easily z x c a ?or\gh compreh5sion ( reality4 ,! illusion ( inf9ite p]fection is peculi>ly apt to produce ?is s5sation4 ,t illusion arises by ! simultane\s awak5+ ( _m incipi5t ?\ghts & dim ideas2 x /irs ! dep?s ( ! m9d z a w9d /irs ! ?ickets ( a =e/2 & ! unusual consci\sness ( ! life & long+ ( ! s\l1 br\ght by t gu/ ( feel+1 makes u recognize 9 ! object a s+ul> p[]1 a my/]i\s mean+4 ,b ! feel+ ( significance signifies little4 ,all we h 9 ?is case is a pot5tiality ( imag9ation2 & only :5 ?is pot5tiality beg9s to be realiz$ 9 def9ite ideas1 does a real mean+1 or any object :i* t mean+ c mean1 arise 9 ! m9d4 ,! highe/ ae/hetic good is n t vague pot5tiality1 nor t contradictory1 inf9ite p]fection s /rongly desir$2 x is ! greate/ numb] & v>iety ( f9ite p]fections4 ,to le>n to see 9 nature & to en%r9e 9 ! arts ! typical =ms ( ?+s2 to /udy & recognize _! v>iations2 to dome/icate ! imag9ation 9 ! _w1 s t ev]y:]e beauty c be se51 & a h9t f\nd = arti/ic creation1 -- t is ! goal ( contemplation4 ,progress lies 9 ! direction ( discrim9ation & precision1 n 9 t ( =mless emotion & rev]ie4 ,organiz$ nature ! s\rce ( app]ceptive =ms2 example ( sculpture4 #cg4 ,! =m ( ! mat]ial _w is 9 "o s5se always p]fectly def9ite1 s9ce ! p>ticles t compose x are at ea* mom5t 9 a giv5 relative position2 b a _w t _h no o!r =m ?an t ( su* a con/ellation ( atoms w\ld rema9 *aotic to our p]ception1 because we %\ld n be able to survey x z a :ole1 or to keep our att5tion susp5d$ ev5ly ov] its innum]able p>ts4 ,accord+ to evolution>y !ory1 me*anical necessity has1 h[ev]1 br\ght ab\t a di/ribution & aggregation ( elem5ts su* z1 = our purposes1 con/itutes individual ?+s4 ,c]ta9 sy/ems ( atoms move toge!r z units2 & ^! organisms reproduce !mselves & recur s (t5 9 our environm5t1 t our s5ses become accu/om$ to view _! p>ts toge!r4 ,_! =m becomes a natural & recognizable "o4 ,an ord] & sequ5ce is e/abli%$ 9 our imag9ation by virtue ( ! ord] & sequ5ce 9 :i* ! correspond+ impressions h come to our s5ses4 ,we c rememb]1 reproduce1 & 9 reproduc+ v>y1 by kaleidoscopic tricks ( ! fancy1 ! =ms 9 :i* our p]ceptions h come4 ,! me*anical organization ( ext]nal nature is ?us ! s\rce ( app]ceptive =ms 9 ! m9d4 ,did n s5sation1 by a con/ant repetition ( c]ta9 sequ5ces1 & a recurr+ exactitude ( ma!matical relations1 keep our fancy cle> & fre%1 we %\ld fall into an imag9ative le?>gy4 ,idealization w\ld deg5]ate into indi/9ctness1 &1 by ! dull+ ( our memory1 we %\ld dream a _w daily m poor & vague4 ,?is process is p]iodically obs]vable 9 ! hi/ory ( ! arts4 ,! way 9 :i* ! human figure1 = in/ance1 is depict$1 is an indication ( ! way 9 :i* x is app]ceiv$4 ,! arts give back only s mu* ( nature z ! human eye has be5 able to ma/]4 ,! mo/ primitive /age ( draw+ & sculpture pres5ts man ) 8 arms & legs1 8 t5 f+]s & t5 toes1 bran*+ out into mid-air2 ! app]ception ( ! body has be5 evid5tly practical & successive1 & ! arti/ sets d[n :at he kn[s r ?an any ( ! p>ticul> p]ceptions t convey$ t k4 ,^? p]ceptions are m]g$ & lo/ 9 ! ha/e to rea* ! practically useful concept ( ! object4 ,by a nave expression ( ! same pr9ciple1 we f9d 9 "s ,assyrian draw+s ! eye se5 f ! front introduc$ into a face se5 9 pr(ile1 ea* elem5t be+ repres5t$ 9 t =m 9 :i* x 0 mo/ easily obs]v$ & rememb]$4 ,! developm5t ( ,greek sculpture furni%es a good example ( ! gradual p5etration ( nature into ! m9d1 ( ! sl[ly enri*$ app]ception ( ! object4 ,! quasi-,egyptian /iffness melts away1 fir/ f ! bodies ( ! m9or figures1 aft]w>ds ( ^? ( ! gods1 & f9ally ! face is v>i$1 & ! hi]atic smile almo/ disappe>s4#aj ,b ?is progress has a ne> limit2 once ! mo/ beautiful & inclusive app]ception rea*$1 once ! be/ =m caught at its be/ mom5t1 ! arti/ seems to h no?+ m to d4 ,to reproduce ! imp]fections ( individuals seems wrong1 :5 beauty1 aft] all1 is ! ?+ desir$4 ,& ! ideal1 z caught by ! ma/]'s inspiration1 is m beautiful ?an any?+ 8 pupils c f9d = !mselves 9 nature4 ,f its summit1 ! art !re=e decl9es 9 "o ( two directions4 ,x ei!r becomes academic1 =sakes ! /udy ( nature1 & deg5]ates into empty conv5tion1 or else x becomes ignoble1 =sakes beauty1 & s9ks into a ta/eless & unimag9ative te*nique4 ,! latt] 0 ! c\rse ( sculpture 9 anci5t times1 ! =m]1 ) mom5ts ( reawak5+1 has be5 its dreadful fate among ! mod]ns4 ,?is reawak5+ has come :5ev] !re has be5 a return to nature1 = a new =m ( app]ception & a new ideal4 ,( ?is return !re is cont9ual ne$ 9 all ! arts2 )\t x our app]ceptions gr[ ?9 & worn1 & subject to ! sway ( tradition & fa%ion4 ,we cont9ue to judge ab\t beauty1 b we give up look+ = x4 ,! rem$y is to g back to ! reality1 to /udy x pati5tly1 to all[ new aspects ( x to "w ^u ! m9d1 s9k into x1 & beget !re an imag9ative (fspr+ aft] _! own k9d4 ,!n a new art c appe>1 :i*1 hav+ ! same orig9 9 admiration = nature :i* ! old art _h1 may hope to atta9 ! same excell5ce 9 a new direction4 ,9 fact1 "o ( ! dang]s to :i* a mod]n arti/ is expos$ is ! s$uction ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,! grop+s ( our muse1 ! di/ract$ exp]im5ts ( our ar*itecture1 (t5 arise f ! attraction ( "s hi/orical s*ool2 we _c "w out our own /yle because we are hamp]$ by ! beauties ( s _m o!rs4 ,! result is an eclecticism1 :i*1 9 spite ( its great hi/orical & psy*ological int]e/1 is )\t ae/hetic unity or p]man5t p[] to please4 ,?us ! /udy ( _m s*ools ( art may become an ob/acle to pr(ici5cy 9 any4 ,utility ! pr9ciple ( organization 9 nature4 #ch4 ,utility 7or1 z x is n[ call$1 adaptation1 & natural selection7 organizes ! mat]ial _w into def9ite species & individuals4 ,only c]ta9 aggregations ( matt] are 9 equilibrium ) ! prevail+ =ces ( ! environm5t4 ,gravity1 = in/ance1 is 9 itself a *aotic =ce2 x pulls all p>ticles indiscrim9ately toge!r )\t ref]5ce to ! :oles into :i* ! human eye may h gr\p$ !m4 ,b ! result is n *aos1 because matt] arrang$ 9 "s ways is weld$ toge!r by ! v t5d5cy :i* dis9tegrates x :5 arrang$ 9 o!r =ms4 ,^! =ms1 select$ by _! congruity ) gravity1 are !re=e fix$ 9 nature1 & become types4 ,?us ! weight ( ! /ones keeps ! pyramid /&+3 "h a c]ta9 %ape has become a gu>antee ( p]man5ce 9 ! pres5ce ( a =ce 9 itself me*anical & undiscrim9at+4 ,x is ! utility ( ! pyramidal =m -- its fitness to /& -- t has made x a type 9 build+4 ,! ,egyptians m]ely repeat$ a process t !y might h obs]v$ go+ on ( itself 9 nature1 :o builds a pyramid 9 e hill1 n inde$ because %e wi%es to1 or because pyramids are 9 any way an object ( h] action1 b because %e has no =ce :i* c easily dislodge matt] t f9ds itself 9 t %ape4 ,su* an accid5tal /ability ( /ructure is1 9 ?is mov+ _w1 a suffici5t pr9ciple ( p]man5ce & individuality4 ,! same me*anical pr9ciples1 9 m complex applications1 insure ! p]si/5ce ( animal =ms & prev5t any p]man5t deviation f !m4 ,:at is call$ ! pr9ciple ( self-pres]vation1 & ! f9al causes & sub/antial =ms ( ! ,ari/otelian philosophy1 are descriptions ( ! result ( ?is op]ation4 ,! t5d5cy ( ev]y?+ to ma9ta9 & propagate its nature is simply ! in]tia ( a /able juxtaposition ( elem5ts1 :i* are n en\gh di/urb$ by ord9>y accid5ts to lose _! equilibrium2 :ile ! incid5ce ( a too great di/urbance causes t disruption we call dea?1 or t v>iation ( type1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( its incapacity to e/abli% itself p]man5tly1 we call abnormal4 ,nature ?us organizes h]self into recognizable species2 & ! ae/hetic eye1 /udy+ h] =ms1 t5ds1 z we h already %[n1 to br+ ! type )9 ev5 n>r[] limits ?an d ! ext]nal exig5cies ( life4 ,! relation ( utility to beauty4 #ci4 ,?is natural h>mony betwe5 utility & beauty1 :5 its orig9 is n und]/ood1 is ( c\rse ! subject ( mu* p]plex$ & p]plex+ !ory4 ,sometimes we are told t utility is itself ! ess5ce ( beauty1 t is1 t our consci\sness ( ! practical advantages ( c]ta9 =ms is ! gr\nd ( our ae/hetic admiration ( !m4 ,! horse's legs are said to be beautiful because !y are fit to run1 ! eye because x is made to see1 ! h\se because x is conv5i5t to live 94 ,an amus+ application -- :i* might pass = a r$uctio ad absurdum1 -- ( ?is d5se !ory is put by ,x5ophon into ! m\? ( ,socrates4 ,comp>+ himself ) a y\? pres5t at ! same banquet1 :o 0 ab\t to receive ! prize ( beauty1 ,socrates decl>es himself m beautiful & m wor?y ( ! cr[n4 ,= utility makes beauty1 & eyes bulg+ out f ! head l 8 are ! mo/ advantage\s = see+2 no/rils wide & op5 to ! air1 l 81 mo/ appropriate = smell2 & a m\? l>ge & volum9\s1 l 81 be/ fitt$ = bo? eat+ & kiss+4#aa ,n[ s9ce ^! ?+s are1 9 fact1 hide\s1 ! !ory t %[s !y ought to be beautiful1 is va9 & ridicul\s4 ,b t !ory conta9s ?is tru?3 t _h ! utility ( ,socratic features be5 s great t m5 ( all o!r type mu/ h p]i%$1 ,socrates w\ld h be5 beautiful4 ,he w\ld h repres5t$ ! human type4 ,! eye w\ld h be5 !n accu/om$ to t =m1 ! imag9ation w\ld h tak5 x z ! basis ( its ref9em5ts1 & acc5tuat$ its naturally effective po9ts4 ,! beautiful does n dep5d on ! useful2 x is con/itut$ by ! imag9ation 9 ignorance & contempt ( practical advantage2 b x is n indep5d5t ( ! necess>y1 = ! necess>y mu/ also be ! habitual & consequ5tly ! basis ( ! type1 & ( all its imag9ative v>iations4 ,!re are1 moreov]1 at a late & d]ivative /age 9 our ae/hetic judgm5t1 c]ta9 cases 9 :i* ! k ( fitness & utility ent]s into our s5se ( beauty4 ,b x does s v indirectly1 r by conv9c+ u t we %\ld tol]ate :at practical conditions h impos$ on an arti/1 by ar\s+ admiration ( 8 +5uity1 or by sugge/+ ! int]e/+ ?+s !mselves ) :i* ! object is kn[n to be connect$4 ,?us a cottage-*imney1 /\t & tall1 ) ! smoke float+ f x1 pleases because we fancy x to mean a he>?1 a ru/ic meal1 & a com=table family4 ,b t is all extrane\s association4 ,! mo/ ord9>y way 9 :i* utility affects u is negatively2 if we "k a ?+ to be useless & fictiti\s1 ! uncom=table haunt+ s5se ( wa/e & trick]y prev5ts all enjoym5t1 & !re=e bani%es beauty4 ,b ?is is also an adv5titi\s complication4 ,! intr9sic value ( a =m is 9 no way affect$ by x4 ,oppos$ to ?is utilit>ian !ory /&s ! metaphysical "o t w\ld make ! beauty or intr9sic rightness ( ?+s ! s\rce ( _! effici5cy & ( _! p[] to survive4 ,tak5 lit]ally1 z x is g5]ally meant1 ?is idea mu/1 f our po9t ( view1 appe> prepo/]\s4 ,beauty & rightness are relative to our judgm5t & emotion2 !y 9 no s5se exi/ 9 nature or preside ov] h]4 ,%e ev]y:]e appe>s to move by me*anical law4 ,! types ( ?+s exi/ by :at1 9 relation to our approbation1 is m]e *ance1 & x is our faculties t mu/ adapt !mselves to our environm5t & n our environm5t to our faculties4 ,su* is ! naturali/ic po9t ( view :i* we h adopt$4 ,to say1 h[ev]1 t beauty is 9 "s s5se ! gr\nd ( practical fitness1 ne$ n seem to u :olly unmean+4 ,! fault ( ! ,platoni/s :o say ?+s ( ?is sort is seldom t ( empt9ess4 ,!y h an intuition2 !y h sometimes a /rong s5se ( ! facts ( consci\sness4 ,b !y turn _! discov]ies into s _m revelations1 & ! veil ( ! inf9ite & absolute soon cov]s _! little light ( specific tru?4 ,sometimes1 aft] pati5t digg+1 ! /ud5t comes ^u ! treasure ( "s simple fact1 "s common exp]i5ce1 b5ea? all _! my/]y & unction4 ,& s x may be 9 ?is case4 ,if we make all[ances = ! t5d5cy to express exp]i5ce 9 allegory & my?1 we %all see t ! idea ( beauty & rationality presid+ ov] nature & guid+ h]1 z x 71 = _! own great] glory1 is a projection & a writ+ l>ge ( a psy*ological pr9ciple4 ,! m9d t p]ceives nature is ! same t und]/&s & enjoys h]2 inde$1 ^! ?ree functions are really elem5ts ( "o process4 ,!re is !re=e 9 ! m]e p]ceptibility ( a ?+ a c]ta9 prophecy ( its beauty2 if x 7 n on ! road to beauty1 if x _h no approa* to fitness to our faculties ( p]ception1 ! object w\ld rema9 et]nally unp]ceiv$4 ,! s5se1 !re=e1 t ! :ole _w is made to be food = ! s\l2 t beauty is n only its own1 b all ?+s' excuse = be+2 t univ]sal aspiration t[>ds p]fection is ! key & secret ( ! _w1 -- t s5se is ! poetical rev]b]ation ( a psy*ological fact -- ( ! fact t our m9d is an organism t5d+ to unity1 to unconsci\sness ( :at is refractory to its action1 & to assimilation & sympa!tic trans=mation ( :at is kept )9 its sph]e4 ,! idea t nature c\ld be gov]n$ by an aspiration t[>ds beauty is1 !re=e1 to be reject$ z a confusion1 b at ! same "t we mu/ confess t ?is confusion is f\nd$ on a consci\sness ( ! subjective relation betwe5 ! p]ceptibility1 rationality1 & beauty ( ?+s4 ,utility ! pr9ciple ( organization 9 ! arts4 #dj4 ,?is subjective relation is1 h[ev]1 exce$+ly loose4 ,mo/ ?+s t are p]ceivable are n p]ceiv$ s di/9ctly z to be intelligible1 nor s delightfully z to be beautiful4 ,if our eye _h inf9ite p5etration1 or our imag9ation inf9ite ela/icity1 ?is w\ld n be ! case2 to see w\ld !n be to und]/& & to enjoy4 ,z x is1 ! degree ( det]m9ation ne$$ = p]ception is mu* less ?an t ne$$ = compreh5sion or ideality4 ,h5ce !re is room = hypo!sis & = art4 ,z hypo!sis organizes exp]i5ces imag9atively 9 ways 9 :i* obs]vation has n be5 able to d1 s art organizes objects 9 ways to :i* nature1 p]haps1 has nev] condesc5d$4 ,! *ief ?+ :i* ! imitative arts add to nature is p]man5ce1 ! lack ( :i* is ! sadde/ defect ( _m natural beauties4 ,! =ces :i* det]m9e natural =ms1 !re=e1 det]m9e also ! =ms ( ! imitative arts4 ,b ! non-imitative arts supply organisms diff]5t 9 k9d f ^? :i* nature af=ds4 ,if we seek ! pr9ciple by :i* ^! objects are organiz$1 we %all g5]ally f9d t x is likewise utility4 ,ar*itecture1 = in/ance1 has all its =ms sugge/$ by practical dem&s4 ,use requires our build+s to assume c]ta9 det]m9ate =ms2 ! me*anical prop]ties ( our mat]ials1 ! exig5cy ( %elt]1 light1 accessibility1 economy1 & conv5i5ce1 dictate ! arrangem5ts ( our build+s4 ,h\ses & temples h an evolution l t ( animals & plants4 ,v>i\s =ms arise by me*anical necessity1 l ! cave1 or ! %elt] ( ov]hang+ b\ghs4 ,^! are p]petuat$ by a selection 9 :i* ! ne$s & pleasures ( man are ! environm5t to :i* ! /ructure mu/ be adapt$4 ,det]m9ate =ms ?us e/abli% !mselves1 & ! eye becomes accu/om$ to !m4 ,! l9e ( use1 by habit ( app]ception1 becomes ! l9e ( beauty4 ,a /rik+ example may be f\nd 9 ! p$im5t ( ! ,greek temple & ! gable ( ! nor!rn h\se4 ,! exig5cies ( climate det]m9e ^! =ms diff]5tly1 b ! eye 9 ea* case accepts :at utility imposes4 ,we admire height 9 "o & bread? 9 ! o!r1 & we soon f9d ! /eep p$im5t heavy & ! l[ gable awkw>d & mean4 ,x w\ld be an error1 h[ev]1 to conclude t habit alone e/abli%es ! "r proportion 9 ^! v>i\s types ( build+4 ,we h ! same intr9sic elem5ts to consid] z 9 natural =ms4 ,t is1 besides ! unity ( type & correspond5ce ( p>ts :i* cu/om e/abli%es1 !re are c]ta9 appeals to m fundam5tal susceptibilities ( ! human eye & imag9ation4 ,!re is1 = in/ance1 ! value ( ab/ract =m1 det]m9$ by ! pleasantness & h>mony ( implicat$ ret9al or muscul> t5sions4 ,diff]5t /ructures conta9 or sugge/ m or less ( ?is k9d ( beauty1 & 9 t proportion may be call$ intr9sically bett] or worse4 ,?us artificial =ms may be arrang$ 9 a hi]>*y l natural ones1 by ref]5ce to ! absolute values ( _! cont\rs & masses4 ,h]e9 lies ! sup]iority ( a ,greek to a ,*9ese vase1 or ( ,go?ic to ,s>ac5ic con/ruction4 ,?us al?\gh e useful =m is capable ( proportion & beauty1 :5 once its type is e/abli%$1 we _c say t ?is beauty is always pot5tially equal2 & an iron bridge1 = in/ance1 al?\gh x c]ta9ly possesses & daily acquires ae/hetic int]e/1 w probably nev]1 on ! av]age1 equal a bridge ( /one4 ,=m & adv5titi\s ornam5t4 #da4 ,beauty ( =m is ! la/ to be f\nd or admir$ 9 artificial z 9 natural objects4 ,"t is ne$$ to e/abli% x1 & tra9+ & nicety ( p]ception to enjoy x4 ,motion or col\r is :at fir/ int]e/s a *ild 9 toys1 z 9 animals2 & ! b>b>ian arti/ decorates long be=e he designs4 ,! cave & wigwam are daub$ ) pa9t1 or hung ) trophies1 be=e any pleasure is tak5 9 _! %ape2 & ! appeal to ! deta*$ s5ses1 & to associations ( weal? & luxury1 prec$es by f> ! appeal to ! p]ceptive h>monies ( =m4 ,9 music we obs]ve ! same gradation2 fir/1 we appreciate its s5su\s & s5tim5tal value2 only ) education c we enjoy its =m4 ,! pla/ic arts beg91 !re=e1 ) adv5titi\s ornam5t & ) symbolism4 ,! ae/hetic pleasure is 9 ! ri*ness ( ! mat]ial1 ! pr(usion ( ! ornam5t1 ! significance ( ! %ape -- 9 ev]y?+1 r ?an 9 ! %ape itself4 ,we h accord+ly1 9 works ( art two indep5d5t s\rces ( effect4 ,! fir/ is ! useful =m1 :i* g5]ates ! type1 & ultimately ! beauty ( =m1 :5 ! type has be5 idealiz$ by emphasiz+ its intr9sically pleas+ traits4 ,! second is ! beauty ( ornam5t1 :i* comes f ! excitem5t ( ! s5ses1 or ( ! imag9ation1 by col\r1 or by pr(usion or delicacy ( detail4 ,hi/orically1 ! latt] is fir/ develop$1 & appli$ to a =m z yet m]ely useful4 ,b ! v pres5ce ( ornam5t attracts contemplation2 ! att5tion lavi%$ on ! object helps to fix its =m 9 ! m9d1 & to make u discrim9ate ! less f ! m graceful4 ,! two k9ds ( beauty are !n felt1 &1 yield+ to t t5d5cy to unity :i* ! m9d always betrays1 we beg9 to subord9ate & organize ^! two excell5ces4 ,! ornam5t is di/ribut$ s z to emphasize ! ae/hetic ess5ce ( ! =m2 to idealize x ev5 m1 by add+ adv5titi\s int]e/s h>moni\sly to ! intr9sic int]e/ ( ! l9es ( /ructure4 ,!re is "h a great field1 ( c\rse1 = v>iety ( comb9ation & compromise4 ,"s arti/s are fasc9at$ by ! decoration1 & ?9k ( ! /ructure m]ely z ! backgr\nd on :i* x c be mo/ advantage\sly display$4 ,o!rs1 ( m au/]e ta/e1 all[ ornam5t only to emphasize ! ma9 l9es ( ! design1 or to conceal su* inh>moni\s elem5ts z nature or utility may prev5t !m f elim9at+4#ab ,we may ?us oscillate betwe5 decorative & /ructural motives1 & only 9 "o po9t1 = ea* /yle1 c we f9d ! ideal equilibrium1 9 :i* ! greate/ /r5g? & lucidity is comb9$ ) ! greate/ spl5d\r4 ,a less subtle1 b /ill v effective1 comb9ation is t hit ^u by _m ori5tal & ,go?ic ar*itects1 & f\nd1 also1 by accid5t p]haps1 9 _m build+s ( ! plat]esque /yle2 ! ornam5t & /ructure are bo? pres5t$ ) extreme emphasis1 b locally divid$2 a va/ r\gh wall1 = in/ance1 repres5ts ! "o1 & a pr(usion ( mad ornam5t huddl$ ar\nd a c5tral door or w9d[ repres5ts ! o!r4 ,go?ic ar*itecture (f]s u 9 ! p9nacle & fly+ buttress a /rik+ example ( ! adoption ( a me*anical feature1 & its trans=mation into an elem5t ( beauty4 ,no?+ c\ld at fir/ sight be m hopeless ?an ! ext]nal half-ar* propp+ ! side ( a pi]1 or ! *imney-l weight ( /ones press+ x d[n f above2 b a c\rage\s acceptance ( ^! necessities1 & a submissive /udy ( _! =m1 reveal$ a new & /range effect3 ! bewild]+ & /imulat+ intricacy ( masses susp5d$ 9 mid-air2 ! pr(usion ( l9e1 v>iety ( surface1 & picturesqu5ess ( light & %ade4 ,x ne$$ b a little appli$ ornam5t judici\sly di/ribut$2 a m\ld+ 9 ! ar*es2 a florid canopy & /atue amid ! buttresses2 a few gr9n+ mon/]s lean+ out ( unexpect$ nooks2 a leafy budd+ ( ! topmo/ p9nacles2 a pi]c+ "h & !re ( "s little gall]y1 p>apet1 or turret into lacework aga9/ ! sky -- & ! build+ became a poem1 an inexhau/ible emotion4 ,add "s pass+ cl\d ca/+ its mov+ %ad[ ov] ! pile1 add ! circl+ ( birds ab\t ! t[]s1 & y h an un=gettable type ( beauty2 n p]haps ! noble/1 sane/1 or mo/ endur+1 b "o = ! exi/5ce ( :i* ! imag9ation is ri*]1 & ! _w m int]e/+4 ,9 ?is mann] we accept ! =ms impos$ ^u u by utility1 & tra9 ourselves to app]ceive _! pot5tial beauty4 ,famili>ity bre$s contempt only :5 x bre$s inatt5tion4 ,:5 ! m9d is absorb$ & dom9at$ by its p]ceptions1 x incorporates into !m m & m ( its own functional values1 & makes !m ultimately beautiful & expressive4 ,?us no language c be ugly to ^? :o speak x well1 no religion unmean+ to ^? :o h le>n$ to p\r _! life into its m\lds4 ,( c\rse ^! =ms v>y 9 intr9sic excell5ce2 !y are by _! specific "* m or less fit & facile = ! av]age m9d4 ,b ! man & ! age are r>e :o c *oose _! own pa?2 we h g5]ally only a *oice betwe5 go+ ahead 9 ! direction already *os51 or halt+ & block+ ! pa? = o!rs4 ,! only k9d ( re=m usually possible is re=m f )92 a m intimate /udy & m intellig5t use ( ! traditional =ms4 ,disa/] foll[s rebellion aga9/ tradition or aga9/ utility1 :i* are ! basis & root ( our ta/e & progress4 ,b1 )9 ! giv5 s*ool1 & z expon5ts ( its _s1 we c adapt & p]fect our works1 if haply we are bett] inspir$ ?an our pr$ecessors4 ,= ! bett] we "k a giv5 ?+1 & ! m we p]ceive its /rong & weak po9ts1 ! m capable we are ( idealiz+ x4 ,=m 9 words4 #db4 ,! ma9 effect ( language consi/s 9 its mean+1 9 ! ideas :i* x expresses4 ,b no expression is possible )\t a pres5tation1 & ?is pres5tation mu/ h a =m4 ,?is =m ( ! in/rum5t ( expression is itself an elem5t ( effect1 al?\gh 9 practical life we may ov]look x 9 our ha/e to att5d to ! mean+ x conveys4 ,x is1 moreov]1 a condition ( ! k9d ( expression possible1 & (t5 det]m9es ! mann] 9 :i* ! object sugge/$ %all be app]ceiv$4 ,no ^w has ! exact value ( any o!r 9 ! same or 9 ano!r language4#ac ,b ! intr9sic effect ( language does n /op !re4 ,! s+le ^w is b a /age 9 ! s]ies ( =mations :i* con/itute language1 & :i* pres]ve = m5 ! fruit ( _! exp]i5ce1 di/ill$ & conc5trat$ into a symbol4 ,?is =mation beg9s ) ! elem5t>y s\nds !mselves1 :i* h to be discrim9at$ & comb9$ to make recognizable symbols4 ,! evolution ( ^! symbols goes on spontane\sly1 sugge/$ by our t5d5cy to utt] all mann] ( s\nds1 & pres]v$ by ! ease ) :i* ! e> discrim9ates ^! s\nds :5 made4 ,spee* w\ld be an absolute & unrelat$ art1 l music1 7 x n controll$ by utility4 ,! s\nds h inde$ no resemblance to ! objects !y symbolize2 b be=e ! sy/em ( s\nds c repres5t ! sy/em ( objects1 !re has to be a correspond5ce 9 ! gr\p+s ( bo?4 ,! /ructure ( language1 unlike t ( music1 ?us becomes a mirror ( ! /ructure ( ! _w z pres5t$ to ! intellig5ce4 ,gramm>1 philosophically /udi$1 is ak9 to ! deepe/ metaphysics1 because 9 reveal+ ! con/itution ( spee*1 x reveals ! con/itution ( ?\ght1 & ! hi]>*y ( ^? categories by :i* we conceive ! _w4 ,x is by virtue ( ?is p>allel developm5t t language has its function ( express+ exp]i5ce ) exactness1 & ! poet -- to :om language is an in/rum5t ( art -- has to employ x also ) a con/ant ref]5ce to mean+ & v]acity2 t is1 he mu/ be a ma/] ( exp]i5ce be=e he c become a true ma/] ( words4 ,nev]!less1 language is prim>ily a sort ( music1 & ! beautiful effects :i* x produces are due to its own /ructure1 giv+1 z x cry/allizes 9 a new fa%ion1 an un=ese5 =m to exp]i5ce4 ,poets may be divid$ into two classes3 ! musicians & ! psy*ologi/s4 ,! fir/ are ma/]s ( significant language z h>mony2 !y "k :at notes to s\nd toge!r & 9 succession2 !y c produce1 by ! m>%all+ ( s\nds & images1 by ! fugue ( passion & ! snap ( wit1 a ?\s& brilliant effects out ( old mat]ials4 ,! ,cic]onian orator1 ! epigrammatic1 lyric1 & elegiac poets1 give examples ( ?is art4 ,! psy*ologi/s1 on ! o!r h&1 ga9 _! effect n by ! intr9sic ma/]y ( language1 b by ! clos] adaptation ( x to ?+s4 ,! dramatic poets naturally furni% an illu/ration4 ,b h[ev] transp>5t we may wi% to make our language1 h[ev] little we may call = its intr9sic effects1 & direct our att5tion exclusively to its expressiv5ess1 we _c avoid ! limitations ( our p>ticul> m$ium4 ,! "* ( ! tongue a man speaks1 & ! degree ( 8 skill 9 speak+ x1 mu/ always c\nt enorm\sly 9 ! ae/hetic value ( 8 compositions2 no skill 9 obs]vation1 no dep? ( ?\ght or feel+1 b is spoil$ by a bad /yle & enhanc$ by a good "o4 ,! div]sities ( tongues & _! irr$ucible ae/hetic values1 beg9s ) ! v s\nd ( ! lett]s1 ) ! mode ( utt]ance1 & ! *>act]i/ic inflections ( ! voice2 notice1 = in/ance1 ! effect ( ! ,fr5* ( ^! l9es ( ,alfr$ de ,musset1 ,jamais deux yeux plus d\x n'ont du ciel le plus pur ,sond la pr(ondeur et rfl*i l'azur4 & comp>e ) its flute-l & treble quality ! bread?1 dep?1 & volume ( ! ,g]man 9 ?is inimitable /anza ( ,goe!'s3 ,ueb] ali5 ,gipfeln ,i/ ,ruh1 ,9 all5 ,wipfeln ,spre/ du ,kaum e95 ,hau*2 ,die ,vgele9 s*weig5 im ,walde4 ,w>te nur1 balde ,ruhe/ du au*4 ,ev5 if ! same tune c\ld be play$ on bo? ^! vocal in/rum5ts1 ! diff]5ce 9 _! timbre w\ld make ! value ( ! melody entirely di/9ct 9 ea* case4 ,syntactical =m4 #dc4 ,! kn[n impossibility ( adequate translation appe>s "h at ! basis ( language4 ,! o!r div]sities are sup]add$ ^u ?is div]sity ( s\nd4 ,! syntax is ! next s\rce ( effect4 ,:at c\ld be bett] ?an ,hom]1 or :at worse ?an almo/ any translation ( him8 ,& ?is holds ev5 ( languages s closely alli$ z ! ,indo-,european1 :i*1 aft] all1 h c]ta9 correspond5ces ( syntax & inflection4 ,if !re c\ld be a language ) o!r p>ts ( spee* ?an ours1 -- a language )\t n\ns1 = in/ance1 -- h[ w\ld t grasp ( exp]i5ce1 t picture ( ! _w1 :i* all our lit]ature conta9s1 be reproduc$ 9 x8 ,:atev] beauties t language might be susceptible (1 none ( ! effects produc$ on u1 ,i w n say by poets1 b ev5 by nature itself1 c\ld be express$ 9 x4 ,nor is su* a language inconceivable4 ,in/ead ( summ>iz+ all our exp]i5ces ( a ?+ by "o ^w1 its "n1 we %\ld h to recall by appropriate adjectives ! v>i\s s5sations we _h receiv$ f x2 ! objects we ?9k ( w\ld be dis9tegrat$1 or1 r1 w\ld nev] h be5 unifi$4 ,= sun1 !y w\ld say high1 yell[1 dazzl+1 r\nd1 sl[ly mov+1 & ! enum]ation ( ^! qualities 7z we call !m71 )\t any sugge/ion ( a unity at _! s\rce1 might give a m vivid1 & pr(\nd1 if m cumbr\s1 repres5tation ( ! facts4 ,b h[ c\ld ! ma*9]y ( su* an imag9ation be capable ( repeat+ ! effects ( ours1 :5 ! objects to u mo/ obvi\s & real w\ld be to ^? m9ds utt]ly indescribable8 ,! same div]sity appe>s 9 ! languages we ord9>ily "k1 only 9 a less] degree4 ,! pres5ce or abs5ce ( case-end+s 9 n\ns & adjectives1 _! diff]5ce ( g5d]1 ! ri*ness ( inflections 9 ! v]bs1 ! frequ5cy ( p>ticles & conjunctions1 -- all ^! *>act]i/ics make "o language diff] f ano!r entirely 9 g5ius & capacity ( expression4 ,greek is probably ! be/ ( all languages 9 melody1 ri*ness1 ela/icity1 & simplicity2 s mu* s1 t 9 spite ( its complex inflections1 :5 once a vocabul>y is acquir$1 x is m easy & natural = a mod]n ?an 8 ance/ral ,lat9 itself4 ,lat9 is ! /iff] tongue2 x is by nature at once laconic & gr&iloqu5t1 & ! exceptional cond5sation & transposition ( :i* x is capable make its effects entirely =eign to a mod]n1 sc>cely inflect$1 tongue4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ^! l9es ( ,horace3 me tabula sac] votiva p>ies indicat uvida susp5disse pot5ti ve/im5ta m>is deo1 or ^! ( ,lucretius3 ,jauaque caput quassans gr&is suspirat arator ,crebrius incassum magnum cecidisse laborem4 ,:at conglom]ate plebeian spee* ( our "t c\ld utt] ! /ately gr&eur ( ^! ,lucretian words1 e "o ( :i* is noble1 & we>s ! toga8 ,z a sub/itute = ! inimitable int]p5etration ( ! words 9 ! ,horatian /rophe1 we might h ! ext]nal l9ks ( rhyme2 & x seems1 9 fact1 to be a ju/ification ( rhyme1 t besides contribut+ some?+ to melody & to ! di/ribution ( p>ts1 x gives an artificial relation%ip to ! phrases betwe5 :i* x obta9s1 :i*1 b = x1 w\ld run away f "o ano!r 9 a rapid & irrevocable flux4 ,9 su* a =m z ! sonnet1 = in/ance1 we h1 by d9t ( assonance1 a real unity =c$ ^u ! ?\ght2 = a sonnet 9 :i* ! ?\ght is n di/ribut$ appropriately to ! /ructure ( ! v]se1 has no excuse = be+ a sonnet4 ,by virtue ( ?is int]relation ( p>ts1 ! sonnet1 ! non plus ultra ( rhyme1 is ! mo/ classic ( mod]n poetical =ms3 mu* m classic 9 _s ?an blank v]se1 :i* lacks almo/ entirely ! p[] ( syn!siz+ ! phrase1 & mak+ ! unexpect$ seem ! inevitable4 ,?is beauty giv5 to ! anci5ts by ! syntax ( _! language1 ! mod]ns c only atta9 by ! comb9ation ( _! rhymes4 ,x is a bad sub/itute p]haps1 b bett] ?an ! total abs5ce ( =m1 fav\r$ by ! atomic "* ( our words1 & ! flat juxtaposition ( our clauses4 ,! art :i* 0 capable ( mak+ a gem ( e prose s5t5ce1 -- ! art :i*1 c>ri$1 p]haps1 to1 a pit* at :i* x became too consci\s1 made ! phrases ( ,tacitus a s]ies ( cameos1 -- t art is inapplicable to our loos] m$ium2 we _c give clay ! f9i% & nicety ( m>ble4 ,our poetry & spee* 9 g5]al1 !re=e1 />t out ^u a l[] level2 ! same ef=t w n1 ) ?is in/rum5t1 atta9 ! same beauty4 ,if equal beauty is ev] atta9$1 x comes f ! weal? ( sugge/ion1 or ! ref9em5t ( s5tim5t4 ,! art ( words rema9s hopelessly inf]ior4 ,& :at be/ proves ?is1 is t :51 z 9 our "t1 a reawak5+ ( ! love ( beauty has prompt$ a ref9em5t ( our poetical language1 we pass s soon into extravagance1 obscurity1 & affectation4 ,our mod]n languages are n susceptible ( great =mal beauty4 ,lit]>y =m4 ,! plot4 #dd4 ,! =ms ( composition 9 v]se & prose :i* are practis$ 9 ea* language are fur!r organizations ( words1 & h =mal values4 ,! mo/ exact+ ( ^! =ms & t :i* has be5 c>ri$ to ! greate/ p]fection is ! drama2 b x belongs to rhetoric & poetics to inve/igate ! nature ( ^! effects1 & we h "h suffici5tly indicat$ ! pr9ciple :i* und]lies !m4 ,! plot1 :i* ,ari/otle makes1 & v ju/ly1 ! mo/ important elem5t 9 ! effect ( a drama1 is ! =mal elem5t ( ! drama z su*3 ! e?os & s5tim5ts are ! expression1 & ! v]sification1 music1 & /age sett+s are ! mat]ials4 ,x is 9 h>mony ) ! romantic t5d5cy ( mod]n times t mod]n dramati/s -- ,%akespe>e z well z ,molire1 ,cald]on1 & ! re/ -- excel 9 e?os r ?an 9 plot2 = x is ! evid5t *>act]i/ic ( mod]n g5ius to /udy & enjoy expression1 -- ! sugge/ion ( ! n-giv51 -- r ?an =m1 ! h>mony ( ! giv54 ,e?os is int]e/+ ma9ly = ! p]sonal obs]vations :i* x summ>izes & reveals1 or = ! appeal to "o's own actual or imag9ative exp]i5ce2 x is portrait-pa9t+1 & en%r9es some?+ we love indep5d5tly ( ! *>m :i* at ?is mom5t & 9 ?is place x ex]cises ov] u4 ,x appeals to our affections2 x does n =m !m4 ,b ! plot is ! syn!sis ( actions1 & is a reproduction ( ^? exp]i5ces f :i* our notion ( m5 & ?+s is orig9ally d]iv$2 = "* c nev] be obs]v$ 9 ! _w except z manife/$ 9 action4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be m fundam5tally accurate to say t a "* is a symbol & m5tal abbreviation = a peculi> set ( acts1 ?an to say t acts are a manife/ation ( "*4 ,= ! acts are ! data1 & ! "* ! inf]r$ pr9ciple1 & a pr9ciple1 9 spite ( its "n1 is nev] m ?an a description a po/]iori1 & a summ>y ( :at is subsum$ "u x4 ,! plot1 moreov]1 is :at gives individuality to ! play1 & ex]cises inv5tion2 x is1 z ,ari/otle aga9 says1 ! mo/ difficult portion ( dramatic art1 & t = :i* practice & tra9+ are mo/ indisp5sable4 ,& ?is plot1 giv+ by its nature a c]ta9 picture ( human exp]i5ce1 involves & sugge/s ! e?os ( its actors4 ,:at ! great *>act]izes1 l ,%akespe>e1 d1 is simply to elaborate & develope 7p]haps f> beyond ! necessities ( ! plot7 ! sugge/ion ( human individuality :i* t plot conta9s4 ,x is z if1 hav+ drawn f daily obs]vation "s k ( ! temp]s ( our fri5ds1 we repres5t$ !m say+ & do+ all mann] ( ultra-*>act]i/ic ?+s1 & 9 an occasional soliloquy lay+ b>e1 ev5 m cle>ly ?an by any possible action1 t "* :i* _! obs]v$ behavi\r _h l$ u to impute to !m4 ,?is is an +5i\s & fasc9at+ inv5tion1 & delights u ) ! cle> discov]y ( a hidd5 p]sonality2 b ! s]i\s & equable developm5t ( a plot has a m /able wor? 9 its great] simil>ity to life1 :i* all[s u to see o!r m5's m9ds ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ev5ts1 & n ev5ts ?r\gh ! m$ium ( o!r m5's m9ds4 ,"* z an ae/hetic =m4 #de4 ,we h j come ^u "o ( ! unities mo/ covet$ 9 our lit]ature1 & mo/ valu$ by u :5 atta9$1 -- ! portrait1 ! individuality1 ! "*4 ,! con/ruction ( a plot we call inv5tion1 b t ( a "* we dignify ) ! "n ( creation4 ,x may !re=e n be amiss1 9 f9i%+ our discussion ( =m1 to devote a few pages to ! psy*ology ( "*-draw+4 ,h[ does ! unity we call a "* arise1 h[ is x describ$1 & :at is ! basis ( its effect8 ,we may set x d[n at once z evid5t t we h "h a case ( ! type3 ! simil>ities ( v>i\s p]sons are amalgamat$1 _! diff]5ces cancell$1 & 9 ! result+ p]cept ^? traits emphasiz$ :i* h p>ticul>ly pleas$ or int]e/$ u4 ,?is1 9 ! ab/ract1 may s]ve = a description ( ! orig9 ( an idea ( "* q z well z ( an idea ( physical =m4 ,b ! diff]5t nature ( ! mat]ial -- ! fact t a "* is n a pres5tation to s5se1 b a rationali/ic syn!sis ( successive acts & feel+s1 n comb9able into any image -- makes su* a description mu* m unsatisfy+ 9 ?is case ?an 9 t ( mat]ial =ms4 ,we _c und]/& exactly h[ ^! summations & cancell+s take place :5 we are n deal+ ) a visible object4 ,& we may ev5 feel t !re is a :ol5ess & inw>dness ab\t ! developm5t ( c]ta9 ideal *>act]s1 t makes su* a treatm5t ( !m fundam5tally false & artificial4 ,! subjective elem5t1 ! spontane\s expression ( our own passion & w1 "h c\nts = s mu*1 t ! creation ( an ideal "* becomes a new & peculi> problem4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a way ( conceiv+ & del9eat+ "* :i* /ill be>s a close resemblance to ! process by :i* ! imag9ation produces ! type ( any physical species4 ,we may ga!r1 = in/ance1 ab\t ! nucleus ( a ^w1 designat+ "s human condition or occupation1 a numb] ( deta*$ obs]vations4 ,we may keep a note-book 9 our memory1 or ev5 9 our pocket1 ) /udi\s obs]vations ( ! language1 mann]s1 dress1 ge/ure1 & hi/ory ( ! p we meet1 classify+ our /ati/ics "u su* heads z innkeep]s1 soldi]s1 h\semaids1 gov]nesses1 adv5turesses1 ,g]mans1 ,fr5*m51 ,italians1 ,am]icans1 actors1 prie/s1 & pr(essors4 ,& !n1 :5 occasion (f]s1 to describe1 or to put into a book or a play1 any "o ( ^! types1 all we h to d is to look ov] our notes1 to select accord+ to ! ne$s ( ! mom5t1 & if we are skilful 9 reproduction1 to obta9 by t means a life-l image ( ! sort ( p]son we wi% to repres5t4 ,?is process1 :i* noveli/s & playwrights may g ?r\gh delib]ately1 we all c>ry on involunt>ily4 ,at e mom5t exp]i5ce is leav+ 9 our m9ds "s trait1 "s expression1 "s image1 :i* w rema9 !re atta*$ to ! "n ( a p]son1 a class1 or a nationality4 ,our likes & dislikes1 our summ>y judgm5ts on :ole categories ( m51 are no?+ b ! di/9ct survival ( "s su* impression4 ,^! traits h vivacity4 ,if ! picture !y draw is "o-sid$ & inadequate1 ! s5sation !y recall may be vivid1 & sugge/ive ( _m o!r aspects ( ! ?+4 ,?us ! epi!ts 9 ,hom]1 al?\gh !y are (t5 f> f describ+ ! ess5ce ( ! object -- glankopis ,a!na enkeides ,a*aioi -- seem to recall a s5sation1 & to give vitality to ! n>rative4 ,by br++ y1 ?r\gh "o s5se1 into ! pres5ce ( ! object1 !y give y t same h9t ( fur!r discov]y1 t same expectation ( exp]i5ce1 :i* we h at ! sight ( :atev] we call real4 ,! graphic p[] ( ?is me?od ( obs]vation & aggregation ( *>act]i/ic traits is ?us se5 to be great4 ,b x is n by ?is me?od t ! mo/ fam\s or mo/ liv+ *>act]s h be5 conceiv$4 ,?is me?od gives ! av]age1 or at mo/ ! sali5t1 po9ts ( ! type1 b ! great *>act]s ( poetry -- a ,hamlet1 a ,don ,quixote1 an ,a*illes -- are no av]ages1 !y are n ev5 a collection ( sali5t traits common to c]ta9 classes ( m54 ,!y seem to be p]sons2 t is1 _! actions & words seem to spr+ f ! inw>d nature ( an individual s\l4 ,goe! is report$ to h said t he conceiv$ ! "* ( 8 ,gret*5 entirely )\t obs]vation ( orig9als4 ,&1 inde$1 he w\ld probably n h f\nd any4 ,8 creation r is ! orig9al to :i* we may occasionally ?9k we see "s lik5ess 9 real maid5s4 ,x is ! fiction "h t is ! /&>d ( naturalness4 ,& on ?is1 z on s _m occasions1 we may repeat ! say+ t poetry is tru] ?an hi/ory4 ,p]haps no actual maid ev] spoke & act$ s naturally z ?is imag9>y "o4 ,if we ?9k !re is any p>adox 9 ^! ass]tions1 we %\ld reflect t ! /&>d ( naturalness1 individuality1 & tru? is 9 u4 ,a real p]son seems to u to h "* & consi/5cy :5 8 behavi\r is su* z to impress a def9ite & simple image ^u our m9d4 ,9 !mselves1 if we c\ld c\nt all _! undiscov]$ spr+s ( action1 all m5 h "* & consi/5cy alike3 all are equally fit to be types4 ,b _! *>act]s are n equally intelligible to u1 _! behavi\r is n equally d$ucible1 & _! motives n equally appreciable4 ,^? :o appeal mo/ to u1 ei!r 9 !mselves or by ! emphasis !y borr[ f _! simil>ity to o!r individuals1 are ^? we rememb] & reg>d z ! c5tres ar\nd :i* v>iations oscillate4 ,^! m5 are natural3 all o!rs are m or less ecc5tric4 ,ideal *>act]s4 #df4 ,! /&>d ( naturalness be+ ?us subjective1 & det]m9$ by ! laws ( our imag9ation1 we c und]/& :y a spontane\s creation ( ! m9d c be m /rik+ & liv+ ?an any reality1 or any ab/raction f realities4 ,! arti/ c inv5t a =m :i*1 by its adaptation to ! imag9ation1 lodges !re1 & becomes a po9t ( ref]5ce = all obs]vations1 & a /&>d ( naturalness & beauty4 ,a type may be introduc$ to ! m9d sudd5ly1 by ! *ance pres5tation ( a =m t by its intr9sic impressiv5ess & imag9ative coh]5ce1 acquires t pre-em95ce :i* cu/om1 or ! mutual re9=cem5t ( conv]g+ exp]i5ces1 ord9>ily gives to empirical p]cepts4 ,?is me?od ( orig9at+ types is :at we ord9>ily describe z arti/ic creation4 ,! "n indicates ! sudd5ness1 orig9ality1 & individuality ( ! conception ?us atta9$4 ,:at we call idealization is (t5 a case ( x4 ,9 idealization prop]1 h[ev]1 :at happ5s is ! elim9ation ( individual ecc5tricities2 ! result is ab/ract1 & consequ5tly meagre4 ,?is meagr5ess is (t5 felt to be a great] disadvantage ?an ! accid5tal & picturesque imp]fection ( real individuals1 & ! arti/ !re=e turns to ! brute fact1 & /udies & reproduces t ) indiscrim9ate att5tion1 r ?an lose /r5g? & individuality 9 ! pres5tation ( an insipid type4 ,he seems =c$ to a *oice betwe5 an ab/ract beauty & an unlovely example4 ,b ! great & ma/]ful pres5tations ( ! ideal are someh[ nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,!y pres5t ideal beauty ) j t def9it5ess ) :i* nature h]self sometimes pres5ts x4 ,:5 we come 9 a cr[d ^u an incomp>ably beautiful face1 we "k x imm$iately z an embodim5t ( ! ideal2 :ile x conta9s ! type1 -- = if x did n we %\ld f9d x mon/r\s & grotesque1 -- x clo!s t type 9 a peculi> spl5d\r ( =m1 col\r1 & expression4 ,x has an individuality4 ,& j s ! imag9>y figures ( poetry & pla/ic art may h an individuality giv5 !m by ! happy aff9ities ( _! elem5ts 9 ! imag9ation4 ,!y are n idealizations1 !y are spontane\s v>iations1 :i* c arise 9 ! m9d q z easily z 9 ! _w4 ,!y spr+ up 9 ,! wrea?d trellis ( a work+ bra92 4 4 4 ,) all ! g>d5] fancy e'er c\ld feign ,:o1 bre$+ fl[]s1 w nev] bre$ ! same4 ,imag9ation1 9 a ^w1 g5]ates z well z ab/racts2 x obs]ves1 comb9es1 & cancels2 b x also dreams4 ,spontane\s syn!ses arise 9 x :i* are n ma!matical av]ages ( ! images x receives f s5se2 !y are effects ( diffus$ excitem5ts left 9 ! bra9 by s5sations4 ,^! excitem5ts v>y con/antly 9 _! v>i\s r5ewals1 & occasionally take su* a =m t ! s\l is surpris$ by ! inw>d vision ( an unexampl$ beauty4 ,if ?is inw>d vision is cle> & /eady1 we h an ae/hetic inspiration1 a vocation to create2 & if we c also comm& ! te*nique ( an appropriate art1 we %all ha/5 to embody t inspiration1 & realize an ideal4 ,?is ideal w be gradually recogniz$ z supremely beautiful = ! same reason t ! object1 _h x be5 pres5t$ 9 ! real _w1 w\ld h be5 recogniz$ z supremely beautiful2 because :ile embody+ a kn[n type ( =m1 -- be+1 t is1 a prop] man1 animal1 or vegetable1 -- x possess$ 9 an extraord9>y degree ^? direct *>ms :i* mo/ subjugate our att5tion4 ,imag9>y =ms !n diff] 9 dignity & beauty n accord+ to _! clos5ess to fact or type 9 nature1 b accord+ to ! ease ) :i* ! normal imag9ation reproduces ! syn!sis !y conta94 ,to add w+s to a man has always be5 a natural fancy2 because man c easily imag9e himself to fly1 & ! idea is delightful to him4 ,! w+$ man is !re=e a =m g5]ally recogniz$ z beautiful2 al?\gh x c happ51 z x did to ,mi*ael ,angelo1 t our appreciation ( ! actual =m ( ! human body %\ld be too ke5 & ov]ma/]+ to all[ u to reli% ev5 s *>m+ & imag9ative an extravagance4 ,! c5taur is ano!r beautiful mon/]4 ,! imag9ation c easily foll[ ! syn!sis ( ! dream 9 :i* horse & man melt$ into "o1 & fir/ gave ! glori\s sugge/ion ( _! unit$ vitality4 ,! same condition det]m9es ! wor? ( imag9>y p]sonalities4 ,f ! gods to ! *>act]s ( com$y1 all are1 9 proportion to _! beauty1 natural & exhil>at+ expressions ( possible human activity4 ,we sometimes rem\ld visible =ms into imag9>y creatures2 b our orig9ality 9 ?is respect is meagre comp>$ ) ! pr(usion ( images ( action :i* arise 9 u1 bo? asleep & awake2 we con/antly dream ( new situations1 extravagant adv5tures1 & exagg]at$ passions4 ,ev5 our sob]] ?\ghts are v mu* giv5 to foll[+ ! possible =tunes ( "s ent]prise1 & =eta/+ ! satisfactions ( love & ambition4 ,! m9d is !re=e p>ticul>ly s5sitive to pictures ( action & "*2 we are easily induc$ to foll[ ! =tunes ( any h]o1 & %>e 8 s5tim5ts4 ,our w1 z ,desc>tes said 9 a diff]5t context1 is inf9ite1 :ile our intellig5ce is f9ite2 we foll[ exp]i5ce pretty closely 9 our ideas ( ?+s1 & ev5 ! furniture ( fairyl& be>s a sad resemblance to t ( e>?2 b !re is no limit to ! ela/icity ( our passion2 & we love to fancy ourselves k+s & begg>s1 sa9ts & villa9s1 "y & old1 happy & unhappy4 ,!re seems to be a b\ndless capacity ( developm5t 9 ea* ( u1 :i* ! circum/ances ( life det]m9e to a n>r[ *annel2 & we l to rev5ge ourselves 9 our rev]ies = ?is imput$ limitation1 by classify+ ourselves ) all t we are n1 b might s easily h be54 ,we are full ( sympa?y = e manife/ation ( life1 h[ev] unusual2 & ev5 ! conception ( inf9ite k & happ9ess -- ?an :i* no?+ c\ld be m remov$ f our condition or m unrealizable to our fancy -- rema9s et]nally int]e/+ to u4 ,! poet1 !re=e1 :o wi%es to del9eate a "* ne$ n keep a note-book4 ,!re is a quick] road to ! he>t -- if he has ! gift to f9d x4 ,probably 8 read]s w n !mselves h kept note-books1 & 8 elaborate obs]vations w only be effective :5 he describes some?+ :i* !y also happ5 to h notic$4 ,! typical *>act]s describable by ! empirical me?od are !re=e few3 ! mis]1 ! lov]1 ! old nurse1 ! +nue1 & ! o!r types ( traditional com$y4 ,any great] specification w\ld appeal only to a small audi5ce = a %ort "t1 because ! *>act]i/ics depict$ w\ld no long] exi/ to be recogniz$4 ,b :atev] exp]i5ce a poet's he>]s may h _h1 !y are m54 ,!y w h c]ta9 imag9ative capacities to conceive & admire ^? =ms ( "* & action :i*1 al?\gh nev] actually f\nd1 are felt by ea* man to express :at he himself might & w\ld h be51 _h circum/ances be5 m fav\rable4 ,! poet has only to /udy himself1 & ! art ( express+ 8 own ideals1 to f9d t he has express$ ^? ( o!r p4 ,he has b to enact 9 himself ! "p ( ea* ( 8 p]sonages1 & if he possesses t pliability & t def9it5ess ( imag9ation :i* toge!r make g5ius1 he may express = 8 fell[s ^? inw>d t5d5cies :i* 9 !m h rema9$ pa9fully dumb4 ,he w be hail$ z ma/] ( ! human s\l4 ,he may "k no?+ ( m51 he may h almo/ no exp]i5ce2 b 8 creations w pass = models ( naturalness1 & = types ( humanity4 ,_! names w be 9 e "o's m\?1 & ! lives ( _m g5]ations w be enri*$ by ! vision1 "o might almo/ say by ! fri5d%ip1 ( ^! imag9>y be+s4 ,!y h individuality )\t hav+ reality1 because individuality is a ?+ acquir$ 9 ! m9d by ! cong]ies ( its impressions4 ,!y h p[]1 also1 because t dep5ds on ! appropriat5ess ( a /imulus to t\* ! spr+s ( reaction 9 ! s\l4 ,& !y ( c\rse h beauty1 because 9 !m is embodi$ ! greate/ ( our imag9ative delights1 -- t ( giv+ body to our lat5t capacities1 & ( w&]+1 )\t ! /ra9 & contradiction ( actual exi/5ce1 into all =ms ( possible be+4 ,! religi\s imag9ation4 #dg4 ,! greate/ ( ^! creations h>e n be5 ! "w ( any "o man4 ,!y h be5 ! sl[ product ( ! pi\s & poetic imag9ation4 ,/>t+ f "s p]sonification ( nature or "s memory ( a great man1 ! popul> & prie/ly tradition has ref9$ & develop$ ! ideal2 x has made x an expression ( m5's aspiration & a c\nt]p>t ( _! ne$4 ,! devotion ( ea* tribe1 %r9e1 & psalmi/ has add$ "s attribute to ! god or "s p>able to 8 leg5d2 & ?us1 ar\nd ! k]nel ( "s orig9al div9e function1 ! imag9ation ( a p has ga!r$ e possible expression ( x1 creat+ a complete & beautiful p]sonality1 ) its hi/ory1 its "*1 & its gifts4 ,no poet has ev] equall$ ! p]fection or significance ( ^! religi\s creations4 ,! greate/ *>act]s ( fiction are un9t]e/+ & unreal comp>$ ) ! conceptions ( ! gods2 s mu* s t m5 h believ$ t _! gods h objective reality4 ,! =ms m5 see 9 dreams might h be5 a reason = believ+ 9 vague & disquiet+ gho/s2 b ! belief 9 individual & well-def9$ div9ities1 ) :i* ! visions ( ! dreams might be id5tifi$1 is obvi\sly due to ! intr9sic coh]5ce & impressiv5ess ( ! conception ( ^? deities4 ,! visions w\ld nev] h sugge/$ ! leg5d & attributes ( ! god2 b :5 ! figure ( ! god 0 once imag9atively conceiv$1 & 8 "n & aspect fix$ 9 ! imag9ation1 x w\ld be easy to recognize him 9 any halluc9ation1 or to int]pret any ev5t z due to 8 p[]4 ,^! manife/ations1 :i* con/itute ! evid5ce ( 8 actual exi/5ce1 c be reg>d$ z manife/ations ( him1 r ?an ( a vague1 unkn[n p[]1 only :5 ! imag9ation already possesses a vivid picture ( him1 & ( 8 appropriate functions4 ,?is picture is ! "w ( a spontane\s fancy4 ,no d\bt1 :5 ! belief is once specifi$1 & ! special & intelligible god is di/+ui%$ 9 ! night & horror ( ! all-p]vad+ natural p[]1 ! belief 9 8 reality helps to conc5trate our att5tion on 8 nature1 & ?us to develope & enri* our idea4 ,! belief 9 ! reality ( an ideal p]sonality br+s ab\t its fur!r idealization4 ,_h x ev] occurr$ to any ,greek se] to attribute ev5ts to ! influ5ce ( ,a*illes1 or to (f] sacrifices to him 9 ! heat ( ! en?usiasm k9dl$ by ! ?\ght ( 8 beauty & virtue1 ! leg5d ( ,a*illes1 n[ become a god1 w\ld h gr[n & deep5$2 x w\ld h be5 moraliz$ l ! leg5d ( ,h]cules1 or naturaliz$ l t ( ,p]sephone1 & :at is n[ b a poetic "* ( extraord9>y =ce & sublimity w\ld h become ! ador$ patron ( g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 & a manife/ation ( ! div9e man4 ,a*illes w\ld !n h be5 z significant & un=gettable a figure z ,apollo or 8 si/]1 z ,zeus1 ,a!na1 & ! o!r great] gods4 ,if ev]1 :ile t phase ( religion la/$1 8 "* _h be5 obscur$ & 8 features dimm$1 he w\ld h be5 recreat$ by e new vot>y3 poets w\ld nev] h tir$ ( s++ 8 praises1 or sculptors ( r5d]+ 8 =m4 ,:51 aft] ! h]o _h be5 ! c5tre & subject ( s mu* imag9ative lab\r1 ! belief 9 8 reality laps$1 to be transf]r$ to "s o!r conception ( cosmic p[]1 he w\ld h rema9$ an ideal ( poetry & art1 & a =mative influ5ce ( all cultivat$ m9ds4 ,?is he is /ill1 l all ! great creations ( av[$ fiction1 b he w\ld h be5 imm5sely m s1 _h belief 9 8 reality kept ! creative imag9ation cont9u\sly int5t ^u 8 nature4 ,! read] c h>dly fail to see t all ?is applies ) equal =ce to ! ,*ri/ian conception ( ! sacr$ p]sonalities4 ,*ri/1 ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & ! sa9ts may h be5 exactly :at our imag9ation pictures !m to be2 t is entirely possible2 nor c ,i see t x is impossible t ! conceptions ( o!r religions might !mselves h actual c\nt]p>ts some:]e 9 ! univ]se4 ,t is a "q ( fai? & empirical evid5ce ) :i* we are n "h conc]n$4 ,b h[ev] descriptive ( tru? our conceptions may be1 !y h evid5tly gr[n up 9 our m9ds by an inw>d process ( developm5t4 ,! mat]ials ( hi/ory & tradition h be5 melt$ & reca/ by ! dev\t imag9ation into ^? figures 9 ! pres5ce ( :i* our piety lives4 ,t is ! reason :y ! recon/ruct$ logical gods ( ! metaphysicians are always an (f5ce & a mock]y to ! religi\s consci\sness4 ,!re is "h1 too1 a b>e possibility t "s "o ( ^! absolutes may be a repres5tation ( ! tru?2 b ! me?od by :i* ?is repres5tation is acquir$ is viol5t & artificial2 :ile ! traditional conception ( ,god is ! spontane\s embodim5t ( passionate contemplation & long exp]i5ce4 ,z ! ,god ( religion diff]s f t ( metaphysics1 s does ! ,*ri/ ( tradition diff] f t ( our critical hi/orians4 ,ev5 if we took ! lit]al n>rative ( ! ,gospels & accept$ x z all we c\ld "k ( ,*ri/1 )\t all[+ ourselves any imag9ative int]pretation ( ! c5tral figure1 we %\ld get an ideal ( him1 ,i w n say v diff]5t f t ( ,/4 ,francis or ,/4 ,!resa1 b ev5 f t ( ! ,engli%1 pray]-book4 ,! ,*ri/ m5 h lov$ & ador$ is an ideal ( _! own he>ts1 ! con/ruction ( an ev]-pres5t p]sonality1 liv+ & intimately und]/ood1 out ( ! fragm5ts ( /ory & doctr9e connect$ ) a "n4 ,?is subjective image has inspir$ all ! pray]s1 all ! conv]sions1 all ! p5ances1 *>ities1 & sacrifices1 z well z half ! art ( ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ^: leg5d is s meagre1 b ^: p[] ov] ! ,ca?olic imag9ation is s great1 is an ev5 cle>] illu/ration ( ?is inw>d build+ up ( an ideal =m4 ,ev]y?+ is "h spontane\s sympa!tic expansion ( two giv5 ev5ts3 ! inc>nation & ! crucifixion4 ,! figure ( ! ,virg91 f\nd 9 ^! mighty sc5es1 is gradually cl>ifi$ & develop$1 until we come to ! ?\ght on ! "o h& ( h] fre$om f orig9al s91 & on ! o!r to t ( h] univ]sal mat]nity4 ,we ?us atta9 ! conception ( "o ( ! noble/ ( conceivable rles & ( "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( *>act]s4 ,x is a pity t a fooli% iconoclasm %\ld s long h depriv$ ! ,prote/ant m9d ( ! contemplation ( ?is ideal4 ,p]haps x is a sign ( ! av]age imag9ative dulness or fatigue ( c]ta9 races & epo*s t !y s readily ab&on ^! supreme creations4 ,=1 if we are hopeful1 :y %\ld we n believe t ! be/ we c fancy is also ! true/2 & if we are di/ru/ful 9 g5]al ( our prophetic gifts1 :y %\ld we cl+ only to ! mo/ mean & =mless ( our illusions8 ,f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( our p]ceptive & imag9ative activity1 we are syn!siz+ ! mat]ial ( exp]i5ce into unities ! indep5d5t reality ( :i* is beyond pro(1 nay1 beyond ! possibility ( a %ad[ ( evid5ce4 ,& yet ! life ( intellig5ce1 l ! joy ( contemplation1 lies entirely 9 ! =mation & int]-relation ( ^! unities4 ,?is activity yields u all ! objects ) :i* we c deal1 & end[s !m ) ! f9] & m intimate "p ( _! beauty4 ,! mo/ p]fect ( ^! =ms1 judg$ by its aff9ity to our p[]s & its /ability 9 ! pres5ce ( our exp]i5ce1 is ! "o ) :i* we %\ld be cont5t2 no o!r k9d ( v]acity c\ld add to its value4 ,! greate/ feats ( syn!sis :i* ! human m9d has yet accompli%$ w1 inde$1 be probably surpass$ & all ideals yet =m$ be sup]s$$1 because !y 7 n bas$ ^u en\gh exp]i5ce1 or did n fit t exp]i5ce ) adequate precision4 ,x is also possible t *anges 9 ! "* ( ! facts1 or 9 ! p[]s ( intellig5ce1 %\ld necessitate a cont9ual recon/ruction ( our _w4 ,b unless human nature suff]s an inconceivable *ange1 ! *ief intellectual & ae/hetic value ( our ideas w always come f ! creative action ( ! imag9ation4 ,,"p ,,iv ,,expression ,expression def9$4 #dh4 ,we h f\nd 9 ! beauty ( mat]ial & =m ! objectification ( c]ta9 pleasures connect$ ) ! process ( direct p]ception1 ) ! =mation1 9 ! "o case ( a s5sation1 or quality1 9 ! o!r ( a syn!sis ( s5sations or qualities4 ,b ! human consci\sness is n a p]fectly cle> mirror1 ) di/9ct b\nd>ies & cle>-cut images1 det]m9ate 9 numb] & exhau/ively p]ceiv$4 ,our ideas half em]ge = a mom5t f ! dim cont9uum ( vital feel+ & diffus$ s5se1 & are h>dly fix$ be=e !y are *ang$ & trans=m$1 by ! %ift+ ( att5tion & ! p]ception ( new relations1 into ideas ( really diff]5t objects4 ,?is fluidity ( ! m9d w\ld make reflection impossible1 did we n fix 9 words & o!r symbols c]ta9 ab/ract cont5ts2 we ?us become capable ( recogniz+ 9 "o p]ception ! repetition ( ano!r1 & ( recogniz+ 9 c]ta9 recurr5ces ( impressions a p]si/5t object4 ,?is discrim9ation & classification ( ! cont5ts ( consci\sness is ! "w ( p]ception & und]/&+1 & ! pleasures t accompany ^! activities make ! beauty ( ! s5sible _w4 ,b our hold ^u our ?\ghts ext5ds ev5 fur!r4 ,we n only con/ruct visible unities & recognizable types1 b rema9 aw>e ( _! aff9ities to :at is n at ! "t p]ceiv$2 t is1 we f9d 9 !m a c]ta9 t5d5cy & quality1 n orig9al to !m1 a mean+ & a tone1 :i* ^u inve/igation we %all see to h be5 ! prop] *>act]i/ics ( o!r objects & feel+s1 associat$ ) !m once 9 our exp]i5ce4 ,! hu%$ rev]b]ations ( ^! associat$ feel+s cont9ue 9 ! bra91 & by modify+ our pres5t reaction1 col\r ! image ^u :i* our att5tion is fix$4 ,! quality ?us acquir$ by objects ?r\gh association is :at we call _! expression4 ,:]eas 9 =m or mat]ial !re is "o object ) its emotional effect1 9 expression !re are two1 & ! emotional effect belongs to ! "* ( ! second or sugge/$ "o4 ,expression may ?us make beautiful by sugge/ion ?+s 9 !mselves indiff]5t1 or x may come to height5 ! beauty :i* !y already possess4 ,expression is n always di/+ui%able 9 consci\sness f ! value ( mat]ial or =m1 because we d n always h a di/+ui%able memory ( ! relat$ idea :i* ! expressiv5ess implies4 ,:5 we h su* a memory1 z at ! sight ( "s once frequ5t$ g>d51 we cle>ly & spontane\sly attribute our emotion to ! memory & n to ! pres5t fact :i* x beautifies4 ,! revival ( a pleasure & its embodim5t 9 a pres5t object :i* 9 itself might h be5 indiff]5t1 is "h pat5t & ackn[l$g$4 ,! di/9ctness ( ! analysis may inde$ be s great z to prev5t ! syn!sis2 we may s entirely pass to ! sugge/$ object1 t our pleasure w be embodi$ 9 ! memory ( t1 :ile ! sugge/ive s5sation w be ov]look$1 & ! expressiv5ess ( ! pres5t object w fail to make x beautiful4 ,?us ! mem5tos ( a lo/ fri5d d n become beautiful by virtue ( ! s5tim5tal associations :i* may make !m preci\s4 ,! value is conf9$ to ! images ( ! memory2 !y are too cle> to let any ( t value escape & diffuse itself ov] ! re/ ( our consci\sness1 & beautify ! objects :i* we actually behold4 ,we say explicitly3 ,i value ?is trifle = its associations4 ,& s long z ?is division cont9ues1 ! wor? ( ! ?+ is n = u ae/hetic4 ,b a little dimm+ ( our memory w (t5 make x s4 ,let ! images ( ! pa/ fade1 let !m rema9 simply z a halo & sugge/ion ( happ9ess hang+ ab\t a sc5e2 !n ?is sc5e1 h[ev] empty & un9t]e/+ 9 itself1 w h a deep & intimate *>m2 we %all be pleas$ by its v vulg>ity4 ,we %all n confess s readily t we value ! place = its associations2 we %all r say3 ,i am fond ( ?is l&scape2 x has = me an ineffable attraction4 ,! treasures ( ! memory h be5 melt$ & dissolv$1 & are n[ gild+ ! object t supplants !m2 !y are giv+ ?is object expression4 ,expression !n diff]s f mat]ial or =mal value only z habit diff]s f in/9ct -- 9 its orig94 ,physiologically1 !y are bo? pleasurable radiations ( a giv5 /imulus2 m5tally1 !y are bo? values incorporat$ 9 an object4 ,b an obs]v]1 look+ at ! m9d hi/orically1 sees 9 ! "o case ! survival ( an exp]i5ce1 9 ! o!r ! reaction ( an innate disposition4 ,?is exp]i5ce1 moreov]1 is g5]ally rememb]able1 & !n ! extr9sic s\rce ( ! *>m :i* expression gives becomes evid5t ev5 to ! consci\sness 9 :i* x arises4 ,a ^w1 = in/ance1 is (t5 beautiful simply by virtue ( its mean+ & associations2 b sometimes ?is expressive beauty is add$ to a musical quality 9 ! _w itself4 ,9 all expression we may ?us di/+ui% two t]ms3 ! fir/ is ! object actually pres5t$1 ! ^w1 ! image1 ! expressive ?+2 ! second is ! object sugge/$1 ! fur!r ?\ght1 emotion1 or image evok$1 ! ?+ express$4 ,^! lie toge!r 9 ! m9d1 & _! union con/itutes expression4 ,if ! value lies :olly 9 ! fir/ t]m1 we h no beauty ( expression4 ,! decorative inscriptions 9 ,s>ac5ic monum5ts c h no beauty ( expression = "o :o does n read ,arabic2 _! *>m is :olly "o ( mat]ial & =m4 ,or if !y h any expression1 x is by virtue ( su* ?\ghts z !y might sugge/1 z1 = in/ance1 ( ! piety & ori5tal s5t5ti\sness ( ! build]s & ( ! alo(ness f u ( all _! _w4 ,& ev5 ^! sugge/ions1 be+ a w&]+ ( our fancy r ?an a /udy ( ! object1 w\ld fail to ar\se a pleasure :i* w\ld be incorporat$ 9 ! pres5t image4 ,! scroll w\ld rema9 )\t expression1 al?\gh its pres5ce might h sugge/$ to u int]e/+ visions ( o!r ?+s4 ,! two t]ms w\ld be too indep5d5t1 & ! intr9sic values ( ea* w\ld rema9 di/9ct f t ( ! o!r4 ,!re w\ld be no visible expressiv5ess1 al?\gh !re might h be5 discursive sugge/ions4 ,inde$1 if expression 7 con/itut$ by ! ext]nal relation ( object ) object1 ev]y?+ w\ld be expressive equally1 indet]m9ately1 & univ]sally4 ,! fl[] 9 ! cranni$ wall w\ld express ! same ?+ z ! bu/ ( ,caes> or ! ,critique ( ,pure ,reason4 ,:at con/itutes ! individual expressiv5ess ( ^! ?+s is ! circle ( ?\ghts alli$ to ea* 9 a giv5 m9d2 my words1 = in/ance1 express ! ?\ghts :i* !y actually ar\se 9 ! read]2 !y may express m to "o man ?an to ano!r1 & to me !y may h express$ m or less ?an to yon4 ,my ?\ghts rema9 unexpress$1 if my words d n ar\se !m 9 y1 & v likely y\r great] wisdom w f9d 9 :at ,i say ! manife/ation ( a ?\s& pr9ciples ( :i* ,i nev] dream$4 ,expression dep5ds ^u ! union ( two t]ms1 "o ( :i* mu/ be furni%$ by ! imag9ation2 & a m9d _c furni% :at x does n possess4 ,! expressiv5ess ( ev]y?+ accord+ly increases ) ! intellig5ce ( ! obs]v]4 ,b = expression to be an elem5t ( beauty1 x mu/1 ( c\rse1 fulfil ano!r condition4 ,i may see ! relations ( an object1 ,i may und]/& x p]fectly1 & may nev]!less reg>d x ) entire indiff]5ce4 ,if ! pleasure fails1 ! v sub/ance & protoplasm ( beauty is want+4 ,nor1 z we h se51 is ev5 ! pleasure en\gh2 = ,i may receive a lett] full ( ! mo/ joy\s news1 b nei!r ! pap]1 nor ! writ+1 nor ! /yle1 ne$ seem beautiful to me4 ,n until ,i conf\nd ! impressions1 & suffuse ! symbols !mselves ) ! emotions !y ar\se1 & f9d joy & sweetness 9 ! v words ,i he>1 w ! expressiv5ess con/itute a beauty2 z :5 !y s+1 ,gloria 9 excelsis ,deo4 ,! value ( ! second t]m mu/ be incorporat$ 9 ! fir/2 = ! beauty ( expression is z inh]5t 9 ! object z t ( mat]ial or =m1 only x accrues to t object n f ! b>e act ( p]ception1 b f ! association ) x ( fur!r processes1 due to ! exi/5ce ( =m] impressions4 ,we may conv5i5tly use ! ^w expressiv5ess to mean all ! capacity ( sugge/ion possess$ by a ?+1 & ! ^w expression = ! ae/hetic modification :i* t expressiv5ess may cause 9 x4 ,expressiv5ess is ?us ! p[] giv5 by exp]i5ce to any image to call up o!rs 9 ! m9d2 & ?is expressiv5ess becomes an ae/hetic value1 t is1 becomes expression1 :5 ! value involv$ 9 ! associations ?us awak5$ are incorporat$ 9 ! pres5t object4 ,! associative process4 #di4 ,! pure/ case 9 :i*1 an expressive value c\ld arise might seem to be t 9 :i* bo? t]ms 7 indiff]5t 9 !mselves1 & :at pleas$ 0 ! activity ( relat+ !m4 ,we h su* a ph5om5on 9 ma!matics1 & 9 any riddle1 puzzle1 or play ) symbols4 ,b su* pleasures fall )\t ! ae/hetic field 9 ! abs5ce ( any objectification2 !y are pleasures ( ex]cise1 & ! objects involv$ are n reg>d$ z ! sub/ances 9 :i* ^? values inh]e4 ,we ?9k ( m or less int]e/+ problems or calculations1 b x nev] occurs to ! ma!matician to e/abli% a hi]>*y ( =ms accord+ to _! beauty4 ,only by a metaphor c\ld he say t 7a b7#b a#b #b;ab b#b 0 a m beautiful =mula ?an #b #b #d4 ,yet 9 proportion z su* conceptions become def9ite & objective 9 ! m9d1 !y approa* ae/hetic values1 & ! use ( ae/hetic epi!ts 9 describ+ !m becomes m con/ant & lit]al4 ,! beauties ( ab/ract music are b "o /ep beyond su* ma!matical relations -- !y are ^? relations pres5t$ 9 a s5sible =m1 & con/itut+ an imag9able object4 ,b1 z we see cle>ly 9 ?is la/ case1 :5 ! relation & n ! t]ms con/itute ! object1 we h1 if !re is beauty at all1 a beauty ( =m1 n ( expression2 = ! m ma!matical ! *>m ( music is ! m =m & ! less expression d we see 9 x4 ,9 fact1 ! s5se ( relation is "h ! ess5ce ( ! object itself1 & ! activity ( pass+ f t]m to t]m1 f> f tak+ u beyond our pres5tation to some?+ extr9sic1 con/itutes t pres5tation4 ,! pleasure ( ?is relational activity is !re=e ! pleasure ( conceiv+ a det]m9$ =m1 & no?+ c\ld be m ?or\ghly a =mal beauty4 ,& we may "h insi/ ^u a po9t ( fundam5tal importance2 namely1 t ! process ( association ent]s consci\sness z directly1 & produces z simple a s5sation1 z any process 9 any organ4 ,! pleasures & pa9s ( c]ebration1 ! delight & ! fatigue ( x1 are felt exactly l bodily impressions2 !y h ! same directness1 al?\gh n ! same localization4 ,_! seat is n op5 to our daily obs]vation1 & !re=e we leave !m disembodi$1 & fancy !y are peculi>ly spiritual & intimate to ! s\l4 ,or we try to ?9k t !y fl[ by "s logical necessity f ! ess5ces ( objects simultane\sly 9 our m9d4 ,we involve ourselves 9 endless p]plexities 9 try+ to d$uce excell5ce & beauty1 unity & necessity1 f ! describable qualities ( ?+s2 we repeat ! rationali/ic fiction ( turn+ ! notions :i* we ab/ract f ! obs]vation ( facts into ! p[]s t give ^? facts "* & be+4 ,we h1 = in/ance1 9 ! pres5ce ( two images a s5se ( _! incongruity2 & we say t ! "* ( ! images causes ?is emotion2 :]eas 9 dreams we con/antly h ! mo/ rapid trans=mations & pat5t contradictions )\t any s5se ( incongruity at all2 because ! bra9 is doz+ & ! necess>y %ock & m5tal inhibition is avoid$4 ,add ?is /imulation1 & ! incongruity returns4 ,_h su* a %ock nev] be5 felt1 we %\ld n "k :at incongruity meant2 no m ?an )\t eyes we %\ld "k ! mean+ ( blue or yell[4 ,9 say+ ?is1 we are n really lean+ ^u physiological !ory4 ,! appeal to our k ( ! bra9 facilitates ! conception ( ! imm$iacy ( our feel+s ( relation2 b t imm$iacy w\ld be app>5t to a %>p introspection4 ,we d n ne$ to ?9k ( ! eye or sk9 to feel t light & heat are ultimate data2 no m d we ne$ to ?9k ( c]ebral excitem5ts to see t "r & left1 be=e & aft]1 good & bad1 "o & two1 l & unlike1 are irr$ucible feel+s4 ,! categories are s5ses )\t organs1 or ) organs unkn[n4 ,j z ! discrim9ation ( our feel+s ( col\r & s\nd might nev] h be5 di/9ct & con/ant1 _h we n come ^u ! organs t seem to convey & control !m2 s p]haps our classification ( our inn] s5sations w nev] be settl$ until _! respective organs are discov]$2 = psy*ology has always be5 physiological1 )\t kn[+ x4 ,b ?is tru? rema9s -- q ap>t f physical conceptions1 n to speak ( metaphysical mat]ialism -- t :atev] ! hi/orical conditions ( any /ate ( m9d may be said to be1 x exi/s1 :5 x does exi/1 imm$iately & absolutely2 ea* ( its di/+ui%able p>ts might conceivably h be5 abs5t f x2 & its "*1 z well z its exi/5ce1 is a m]e datum ( s5se4 ,! pleasure t belongs to ! consci\sness ( relations is !re=e z imm$iate z any o!r2 inde$1 our emotional consci\sness is always s+le1 b we treat x z a resultant ( _m & ev5 ( conflict+ feel+s because we look at x hi/orically ) a view to compreh5d+ x1 & di/ribute x into z _m factors z we f9d objects or causes to :i* to attribute x4 ,! pleasure ( association is an imm$iate feel+1 :i* we acc\nt = by its relation to a feel+ 9 ! pa/1 or to c]ebral /ructure modifi$ by a =m] exp]i5ce2 j z memory itself1 :i* we expla9 by a ref]5ce to ! pa/1 is a peculi> complication ( pres5t consci\sness4 ,k9ds ( value 9 ! second t]m4 #ej4 ,^! reflections may make less surpris+ to u :at is ! mo/ /rik+ fact ab\t ! philosophy ( expression2 namely1 t ! value acquir$ by ! expressive ?+ is (t5 ( an entirely diff]5t k9d f t :i* ! ?+ express$ possesses4 ,! expression ( physical pleasure1 ( passion1 or ev5 ( pa91 may con/itute beauty & please ! behold]4 ,?us ! value ( ! second t]m may be physical1 or practical1 or ev5 negative2 & x may be transmut$1 z x passes to ! fir/ t]m1 into a value at once positive & ae/hetic4 ,! trans=mation ( practical values into ae/hetic has (t5 be5 not$1 & has ev5 l$ to ! !ory t beauty is utility se5 at arm's l5g?2 a premonition ( pleasure & prosp]ity1 mu* z smell is a premonition ( ta/e4 ,! trans=mation ( negative values into positive has naturally attract$ ev5 m att5tion1 & giv5 rise to v>i\s !ories ( ! comic1 tragic1 & sublime4 ,= ^! ?ree species ( ae/hetic good seem to please u by ! sugge/ion ( evil2 & ! problem arises h[ a m9d c be made happi] by hav+ sugge/ions ( unhapp9ess /irr$ )9 x2 an unhapp9ess x _c und]/& )\t 9 "s degree %>+ 9 x4 ,we mu/ n[ turn to ! analysis ( ?is "q4 ,! expressiv5ess ( a smile is n discov]$ exactly ?r\gh association ( images4 ,! *ild smiles 7)\t kn[+ x7 :5 he feels pleasure2 & ! nurse smiles back2 8 own pleasure is associat$ ) h] conduct1 & h] smile is !re=e expressive ( pleasure4 ,! fact ( 8 pleasure at h] smile is ! gr\nd ( 8 in/9ctive belief 9 h] pleasure 9 x4 ,= ?is reason ! circum/ances expressive ( happ9ess are n ^? t are fav\rable to x 9 reality1 b ^? t are congru\s ) x 9 idea4 ,! gre5 ( spr+1 ! bloom ( y\?1 ! v>iability ( *ildhood1 ! spl5d\r ( weal? & beauty1 all ^! are symbols ( happ9ess1 n because !y h be5 kn[n to accompany x 9 fact1 -- = !y d n1 any m ?an _! opposites1 -- b because !y produce an image & e*o ( x 9 u ae/hetically4 ,we believe ^? ?+s to be happy :i* x makes u happy to ?9k ( or to see2 ! belief 9 ! bless$ness ( ! supreme be+ itself has no o!r f\ndation4 ,our joy 9 ! ?\ght ( omnisci5ce makes u attribute joy to ! possession ( x1 :i* x w\ld 9 fact p]haps be v f> f involv+ or ev5 all[+4 ,! expressiv5ess ( =ms has a value z a sign ( ! life t actually inhabits ^? =ms only :5 !y resemble our own body2 x is !n probable t simil> conditions ( body involve1 9 !m & 9 u1 simil> emotions2 & we %\ld n long cont9ue to reg>d z ! expression ( pleasure an attitude t we "k1 by exp]i5ce 9 our own p]son1 to accompany pa94 ,*ildr51 inde$1 may innoc5tly torture animals1 n hav+ en\gh s5se ( analogy to be /opp$ by ! pa9ful sugge/ions ( _! wri?+s2 &1 al?\gh 9 a r\gh way we soon correct ^! cry+ mis9t]pretations by a bett] classification ( exp]i5ce1 we nev]!less rema9 ess5tially subject to ! same error4 ,we _c escape x1 because ! me?od :i* involves x is ! only "o t ju/ifies belief 9 objective consci\sness at all4 ,analogy ( bodies helps u to di/ribute & classify ! life we conceive ab\t u2 b :at leads u to conceive x is ! direct association ( our own feel+ ) images ( ?+s1 an association :i* prec$es any cle> repres5tation ( our own ge/ures & attitude4 ,i "k t smiles mean pleasure be=e ,i h caught myself smil+ 9 ! glass2 !y mean pleasure because !y give x4 ,s9ce ^! ae/hetic effects include "s ( ! mo/ mov+ & pr(\nd beauties1 philosoph]s h n be5 sl[ to turn ! unanalyz$ p>adox ( _! =mation into a pr9ciple1 & to expla9 by x ! pres5ce & necessity ( evil4 ,z 9 ! tragic & ! sublime1 !y h ?\ght1 ! suff]+s & dang]s to :i* a h]o is expos$ seem to add to 8 virtue & dignity1 & to our sacr$ joy 9 ! contemplation ( him1 s ! sundry evils ( life may be elem5ts 9 ! transc5d5t glory ( ! :ole4 ,& once fir$ by ?is ?\ght1 ^? :o pret5d to ju/ify ! ways ( ,god to man h1 naturally1 n /opp$ to consid] :e!r s edify+ a ph5om5on 0 n a ha/y illusion4 ,!y h1 inde$1 dete/$ any attempt to expla9 x rationally1 z t5d+ to obscure "o ( ! moral laws ( ! univ]se4 ,9 v5tur+1 !re=e1 to repeat su* an attempt1 we %\ld n be too sangu9e ( success2 = we h to enc\nt] n only ! intr9sic difficulties ( ! problem1 b also a wide-spread & arrogant metaphysical prejudice4 ,= ! sake ( great] cle>ness we may beg9 by classify+ ! values t c ent] into expression2 we %all !n be bett] able to judge by :at comb9ations ( !m v>i\s well-kn[n effects & emotions are produc$4 ,! intr9sic value ( ! fir/ t]m c be entirely neglect$1 s9ce x does n contribute to expression4 ,x does1 h[ev]1 contribute greatly to ! beauty ( ! expressive object4 ,! fir/ t]m is ! s\rce ( /imulation1 & ! acut5ess & pleasantness ( ?is det]m9e to a great ext5t ! "* & sweep ( ! associations t w be ar\s$4 ,v (t5 ! pleasantness ( ! m$ium w c\nt]balance ! disagreeabl5ess ( ! import1 & expressions1 9 !mselves hide\s or inappropriate1 may be excus$ = ! sake ( ! object t conveys !m4 ,a beautiful voice w r$eem a vulg> song1 a beautiful col\r & texture an unmean+ composition4 ,beauty 9 ! fir/ t]m -- beauty ( s\nd1 rhy?m1 & image -- w make any ?\ght :atev] poetic1 :ile no ?\ght :atev] c be s )\t t imm$iate beauty ( pres5tation4#ad ,ae/hetic value 9 ! second t]m4 #ea4 ,t ! noble associations ( any object %\ld embelli% t object is v compreh5sible4 ,hom] furni%es u ) a good illu/ration ( ! con/ant employm5t ( ?is effect4 ,! fir/ t]m1 "o ne$ h>dly say1 leaves ) him little to be desir$4 ,! v]se is beautiful4 ,s\nds1 images1 & composition conspire to /imulate & delight4 ,?is imm$iate beauty is sometimes us$ to clo! ?+s t]rible & sad2 !re is no de>? ( ! tragic 9 ,hom]4 ,b ! t5d5cy ( 8 poetry is nev]!less to fill ! outskirts ( our consci\sness ) ! troop+ images ( ?+s no less fair & noble ?an ! v]se itself4 ,! h]oes are virtu\s4 ,!re is none ( importance :o is n admirable 9 8 way4 ,! palaces1 ! arms1 ! horses1 ! sacrifices1 are always excell5t4 ,! wom5 are always /ately & beautiful4 ,! ance/ry & ! hi/ory ( e "o are hon\rable & good4 ,! :ole ,hom]ic _w is clean1 cle>1 beautiful1 & provid5tial1 & no small "p ( ! p]5nial *>m ( ! poet is t he ?us imm]ses u 9 an atmosph]e ( beauty2 a beauty n conc5trat$ & res]v$ = "s extraord9>y s5tim5t1 action1 or p]son1 b p]meat+ ! :ole & col\r+ ! common _w ( soldi]s & sailors1 w> & craft1 ) a m>vell\s fre%ness & inw>d gl[4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! associations ( life 9 ?is _w or 9 ano!r to contradict or di/urb our delight4 ,all is beautiful1 & beautiful ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,some?+ ( ?is quality meets u 9 all simple & idyllic compositions4 ,!re is1 = in/ance1 a popul> dem& t /ories & com$ies %\ld end well4 ,! h]o & h]o9e mu/ be "y & h&some2 unless !y die1 -- :i* is ano!r matt]1 -- !y mu/ n 9 ! end be poor4 ,! l&scape 9 ! play mu/ be beautiful2 ! dresses pretty2 ! plot )\t s]i\s mi%ap4 ,a p]vasive pres5tation ( pleasure mu/ give w>m? & ideality to ! :ole4 ,9 ! proprieties ( social life we f9d ! same pr9ciple2 we /udy to make our surr\nd+s1 mann]1 & conv]sation sugge/ no?+ b :at is pleas+4 ,we hide ! ugly & disagreeable portion ( our lives1 & d n all[ ! lea/ h9t ( x to come to light ^u fe/ive & public occasions4 ,:5ev]1 9 a ^w1 a ?or\ghly pleas+ effect is f\nd1 x is f\nd by ! expression1 z well z pres5tation1 ( :at is 9 itself pleas+ -- & :5 ?is effect is to be produc$ artificially1 we atta9 x by ! suppression ( all expression t is n sugge/ive ( some?+ good4 ,if our consci\sness 7 exclusively ae/hetic1 ?is k9d ( expression w\ld be ! only "o all[$ 9 art or priz$ 9 nature4 ,we %\ld avoid z a %ock or an insipidity1 ! sugge/ion ( any?+ n intr9sically beautiful4 ,z !re w\ld be no values n ae/hetic1 our pleasure c\ld nev] be height5$ by any o!r k9d ( int]e/4 ,b z contemplation is actually a luxury 9 our lives1 & ?+s int]e/ u *iefly on passionate & practical gr\nds1 ! accumulation ( values too exclusively ae/hetic produces 9 our m9ds an effect ( clos5ess & artificiality4 ,s selective a diet cloys1 & our palate1 accu/om$ to mu* daily v9eg> & salt1 is surfeit$ by su* unmix$ sweet4 ,in/ead we pref] to see ?r\gh ! m$ium ( art -- ?r\gh ! beautiful fir/ t]m ( our expression -- ! miscellane\s _w :i* is s well kn[n to u -- p]haps s de>1 & at any rate s inevitable1 an object4 ,we are m ?ankful = ?is pres5tation1 ( ! unlovely tru? 9 a lovely =m1 ?an = ! l pres5tation ( an ab/ract beauty2 :at is lo/ 9 ! purity ( ! pleasure is ga9$ 9 ! /imulation ( our att5tion1 & 9 ! relief ( view+ ) ae/hetic deta*m5t ! same ?+s t 9 practical life hold tyrann\s dom9ion ov] our s\ls4 ,! beauty t is associat$ only ) o!r beauty is !re=e a sort ( ae/hetic da9ty2 x leads ! fancy ?r\gh a fairyl& ( lovely =ms1 :]e we mu/ =get ! common objects ( our int]e/4 ,! *>m ( su* an idealization is und5iable2 b ! o!r important elem5ts ( our memory & w _c long be bani%$4 ,?\ghts ( lab\r1 ambition1 lu/1 ang]1 confusion1 sorr[1 & dea? mu/ ne$s mix ) our contemplation & l5d _! v>i\s expressions to ! objects ) :i* 9 exp]i5ce !y are s closely alli$4 ,h5ce ! incorporation 9 ! beautiful ( values ( o!r sorts1 & ! comp>ative r>5ess 9 nature or art ( expressions ! second t]m ( :i* has only ae/hetic value4 ,practical value 9 ! same4 #eb4 ,m important & frequ5t is ! case ( ! expression ( utility4 ,?is is f\nd :5ev] ! second t]m is ! idea ( some?+ ( practical advantage to u1 ! premonition ( :i* br+s satisfaction2 & ?is satisfaction prompts an approval ( ! pres5t$ object4 ,! tone ( our consci\sness is rais$ by ! =eta/e ( a success2 & ?is height5$ pleasure is objectifi$ 9 ! pres5t image1 s9ce ! associat$ image to :i* ! satisfaction prop]ly belongs (t5 fails to become di/9ct4 ,we d n conceive cle>ly :at ?is practical advantage w be2 b ! vague s5se t an advantage is !re1 t some?+ desirable has be5 done1 accompanies ! pres5tation1 & gives x expression4 ,! case t mo/ resembles t ( :i* we h be5 j speak+1 is p]haps t 9 :i* ! second t]m is a piece ( int]e/+ in=mation1 a !ory1 or o!r intellectual datum4 ,our int]e/ 9 facts & !ories1 :5 n ae/hetic1 is ( c\rse practical2 x consi/s 9 _! connexion ) our int]e/s1 & 9 ! s]vice !y c r5d] u 9 ! execution ( our designs4 ,intellectual values are utilit>ian 9 _! orig9 b ae/hetic 9 _! =m1 s9ce ! advantage ( k is (t5 lo/ sight (1 & ideas are priz$ = _! own sake4 ,curiosity c become a dis9t]e/$ passion1 & yield intimate & imm$iate satisfaction l any o!r impulse4 ,:5 we h be=e u1 = in/ance1 a f9e map1 9 :i* ! l9e ( coa/1 n[ rocky1 n[ s&y1 is cle>ly indicat$1 toge!r ) ! w9d+s ( ! riv]s1 ! elevations ( ! l&1 & ! di/ribution ( ! population1 we h ! simultane\s sugge/ion ( s _m facts1 ! s5se ( ma/]y ov] s mu* reality1 t we gaze at x ) delight1 & ne$ no practical motive to keep u /udy+ x1 p]haps = h\rs toge!r4 ,a map is n naturally ?\ght ( z an ae/hetic object2 x is too exclusively expressive4 ,! fir/ t]m is pass$ ov] z a m]e symbol1 & ! m9d is fill$ ei!r ) imag9ations ( ! l&scape ! c\ntry w\ld really (f]1 or ) ?\ghts ab\t its hi/ory & inhabitants4 ,^! circum/ances prev5t ! ready objectification ( our pleasure 9 ! map itself4 ,& yet1 let ! t9ts ( x be a little subtle1 let ! l9es be a little delicate1 & ! masses ( l& & sea some:at balanc$1 & we really h a beautiful ?+2 a ?+ ! *>m ( :i* consi/s almo/ entirely 9 its mean+1 b :i* nev]!less pleases u 9 ! same way z a picture or a graphic symbol might please4 ,give ! symbol a little intr9sic wor? ( =m1 l9e1 & col\r1 & x attracts l a magnet all ! values ( ! ?+s x is kn[n to symbolize4 ,x becomes beautiful 9 its expressiv5ess4 ,h>dly diff]5t f ?is example is t ( travel or ( read+2 = 9 ^! employm5ts we get _m ae/hetic pleasures1 ! orig9 ( :i* is 9 ! satisfaction ( curiosity & intellig5ce4 ,:5 we say admir+ly ( any?+ t x is *>act]i/ic1 t x embodies a :ole p]iod or a :ole man1 we are absorb$ by ! pleasant s5se t x (f]s innum]able av5ues ( approa* to int]e/+ & important ?+s4 ,! less we are able to specify :at ^! are1 ! m beautiful w ! object be t expresses !m4 ,= if we c\ld specify !m1 ! felt value w\ld dis9tegrate1 & di/ribute itself among ! ideas ( ! sugge/$ ?+s1 leav+ ! expressive object b>e ( all int]e/1 l ! lett]s ( a pr9t$ page4 ,! c\rti]s ( ,philip ! ,second probably did n reg>d 8 rooms at ! ,escurial z p>ticul>ly int]e/+1 b simply z small1 ugly1 & damp4 ,! "* :i* we f9d 9 !m & :i* makes u reg>d !m z em95tly expressive ( :atev] 0 s9i/] 9 ! man1 probably did n /rike !m4 ,!y knew ! k+1 & _h be=e !m words1 ge/ures1 & acts en\gh 9 :i* to read 8 "*4 ,b all ^! liv+ facts are want+ to our exp]i5ce2 & x is ! sugge/ion ( !m 9 _! unrealizable vagu5ess t fills ! ap>tm5ts ( ! mon>* ) su* pung5t expression4 ,x is n o!rwise ) all emphatic expressiv5ess -- moonlight & ca/le moats1 m9>ets & cypresses1 camels fil+ ?r\gh ! des]t -- su* images get _! "* f ! /rong b mi/y atmosph]e ( s5tim5t & adv5ture :i* cl+s ab\t !m4 ,! pr(it ( travel1 & ! extraord9>y *>m ( all visible relics ( antiquity1 consi/s 9 ! acquisition ( images 9 :i* to focus a mass ( discursive k1 n o!rwise felt toge!r4 ,su* images are concrete symbols ( mu* lat5t exp]i5ce1 & ! deep roots ( association give !m ! same hold ^u our att5tion :i* might be secur$ by a =tunate =m or spl5did mat]ial4 ,co/ z an elem5t ( effect4 #ec4 ,!re is "o consid]ation :i* (t5 adds mu* to ! int]e/ ) :i* we view an object1 b :i* we might be virtu\sly incl9$ n to admit among ae/hetic values4 ,i mean co/4 ,co/ is practical value express$ 9 ab/ract t]ms1 & f ! price ( any?+ we c (t5 inf] :at relation x has to ! desires & ef=ts ( mank9d4 ,!re is no reason :y co/1 or ! circum/ances :i* are its basis1 %\ld n1 l o!r practical values1 height5 ! tone ( consci\sness1 & add to ! pleasure ) :i* we view an object4 ,9 fact1 su* is our daily exp]i5ce2 = great z is ! s5su\s beauty ( gems1 _! r>ity & price adds an expression ( di/9ction to !m1 :i* !y w\ld nev] h if !y 7 *eap4 ,! circum/ance t makes ! appreciation ( co/ (t5 unae/hetic is ! ab/ractness ( t quality4 ,! price ( an object is an algebraic symbol1 x is a conv5tional t]m1 inv5t$ to facilitate our op]ations1 :i* rema9s arid & unmean+ if we /op ) x & =get to translate x aga9 at ! end into its concrete equival5t4 ,! comm]cial m9d dwells 9 t int]m$iate limbo ( symboliz$ values2 ! calculator's s5ses are muffl$ by 8 intellect & by 8 habit ( abbreviat$ ?9k+4 ,8 m5tal process is a reckon+ t loses sight ( its orig9al values1 & is ov] )\t rea*+ any concrete image4 ,!re=e ! k ( co/1 :5 express$ 9 t]ms ( money1 is incapable ( contribut+ to ae/hetic effect1 b ! reason is n s mu* t ! sugge/$ value is n ae/hetic1 z t no real value is sugge/$ at all4 ,no object ( any k9d is pres5t$ to ! m9d by ! num]ical expression4 ,if we re9t]pret our price1 h[ev]1 & translate x back into ! facts :i* con/itute x1 into ! mat]ials employ$1 _! orig9al place & quality1 & ! lab\r & art :i* trans=m$ !m into ! pres5t ?+1 !n we add to ! ae/hetic value ( ! object1 by ! expression :i* we f9d 9 x1 n ( its price 9 money1 b ( its human co/4 ,we h n[ ! consci\sness ( ! real values :i* x repres5ts1 & ^! values1 sympa!tically pres5t to ! fancy1 increase our pres5t int]e/ & admiration4 ,i believe economi/s c\nt among ! elem5ts ( ! value ( an object ! r>ity ( its mat]ial1 ! lab\r ( its manufacture1 & ! di/ance f :i* x is br\ght4 ,n[ all ^! qualities1 if att5d$ to 9 !mselves1 appeal greatly to ! imag9ation4 ,we h a natural int]e/ 9 :at is r>e & affects u ) unusual s5sations4 ,:at comes f a f> c\ntry c>ries our ?\ghts !re1 & ga9s by ! weal? & picturesqu5ess ( its associations4 ,& t on :i* human lab\r has be5 sp5t1 especially if x 0 a lab\r ( love1 & is app>5t 9 ! product1 has "o ( ! deepe/ possible claims to admiration4 ,s t ! /&>d ( co/1 ! mo/ vulg> ( all /&>ds1 is su* only :5 x rema9s empty & ab/ract4 ,let ! ?\ghts w&] back & consid] ! elem5ts ( value1 & our appreciation1 f be+ v]bal & comm]cial1 becomes poetic & real4 ,we h 9 ?is "o m example ( ! mann] 9 :i* practical values1 :5 sugge/$ by & incorporat$ 9 any object1 contribute to its beauty4 ,our s5se ( :at lies beh9d1 unlovely ?\gh t backgr\nd may be1 gives int]e/ & poignancy to t :i* is pres5t2 our att5tion & wond] are engag$1 & a new mean+ & importance is add$ to su* intr9sic beauty z ! pres5tation may possess4 ,! expression ( economy & fitness4 #ed4 ,! same pr9ciple expla9s ! effect ( evid5t cleanl9ess1 security1 economy1 & com=t4 ,?is ,dut* *>m h>dly ne$s explanation2 we are consci\s ( ! dome/icity & neatness :i* pleases u 9 x4 ,!re are few ?+s m utt]ly discom=t+ to our m9ds ?an wa/e3 x is a sort ( pung5t extract & qu9tess5ce ( folly4 ,! visible manife/ation ( x is !re=e v (f5sive2 & t ( its abs5ce v reassur+4 ,! =ce ( our approval ( practical fitness & economy 9 ?+s rises into an appreciation t is half-ae/hetic1 & :i* becomes :olly s :5 ! fit =m becomes fix$ 9 a type1 to ! l9es ( :i* we are accu/om$2 s t ! practical necessity ( ! =m is height5$ & conc5trat$ into ! ae/hetic propriety ( x4 ,! mu*-prais$ expression ( function & tru? 9 ar*itectural works r$uces itself to ?is pr9ciple4 ,! useful contrivance at fir/ appeals to our practical approval2 :ile we admire its +5uity1 we _c fail to become gradually accu/om$ to its pres5ce1 & to regi/] ) att5tive pleasure ! relation ( its p>ts4 ,utility1 z we h po9t$ out 9 its place1 is ?us ! guid+ pr9ciple 9 ! det]m9ation ( =ms4 ,! recurr+ obs]vation ( ! utility1 economy1 & fitness ( ! traditional arrangem5t 9 build+s or o!r products ( art1 re-en=ces ?is =mal expectation ) a reflective approval4 ,we are accu/om$1 = in/ance1 to slop+ ro(s2 ! fact t !y 7 necess>y has made !m famili>1 & ! fact t !y are famili> has made !m objects ( /udy & ( arti/ic enjoym5t4 ,if at any mom5t1 h[ev]1 ! notion ( condemn+ !m passes ?r\gh ! m9d1 -- if we h visions ( ! balu/rade aga9/ ! sky1 -- we rev]t to our homely image ) k9dly loyalty1 :5 we rememb] ! long mon?s ( ra9 & sn[1 & ! com=tless leaks to be avoid$4 ,! ?\ght ( a gl>+1 practical unfitness is en\gh to spoil our pleasure 9 any =m1 h[ev] beautiful intr9sically1 :ile ! s5se ( practical fitness is en\gh to reconcile u to ! mo/ awkw>d & rude contrivances4 ,?is pr9ciple is1 inde$1 n a fundam5tal1 b an auxili>y "o2 ! expression ( utility modifies effect1 b does n con/itute x4 ,!re w\ld be a k9d ( sup]/iti\s ha/e 9 ! notion t :at is conv5i5t & economical is necess>ily & by miracle beautiful4 ,! uses & habits ( "o place & society require works :i* are or may easily become intr9sically beautiful2 ! uses & habits ( ano!r make ^! beautiful works impossible4 ,! beauty has a mat]ial & =mal basis t we h already /udi$2 no fitness ( design w make a build+ ( t5 equal /oreys z beautiful z a pavilion or a f9ely proportion$ t[]2 no utility w make a /eamboat z beautiful z a sail+ vessel4 ,b ! =ms once e/abli%$1 ) _! v>i\s intr9sic *>act]s1 ! fitness we "k to exi/ 9 !m w l5d !m "s add$ *>m1 or _! unfitness w disquiet u1 & haunt u l a consci5ti\s qualm4 ,! o!r int]e/s ( our lives "h m+le ) ! purely ae/hetic1 to enri* or to embitt] x4 ,if ,syb>is is s sad a "n to ! memory -- & :o is )\t "s ,syb>is ( 8 own8 -- if ! image ( x is s torm5t+ & 9 ! end s disgu/+1 ?is is n because we no long] ?9k its m>bles bright1 its f\nta9s cool1 its a?letes /rong1 or its roses fragrant2 b because1 m+l$ ) all ^! supreme beauties1 !re is ! ubiquit\s %ade ( ,nemesis1 ! s5se ( a vacant w & a suicidal inhumanity4 ,! intol]abl5ess ( ?is moral condition poisons ! beauty :i* cont9ues to be felt4 ,if ?is beauty did n exi/1 & 0 n /ill desir$1 ! trag$y w\ld disappe> & ,jehovah w\ld be depriv$ ( ! wor? ( 8 victim4 ,! /]nness ( moral =ces lies precisely 9 ?is1 t ! sacrifices morality imposes ^u u are real1 t ! ?+s x r5d]s impossible are /ill preci\s4 ,we are accu/om$ to ?9k ( prud5ce z e/rang+ u only f l[ & ignoble ?+s2 we =get t utility & ! ne$ ( sy/em 9 our lives is a b> also to ! free flights ( ! _s4 ,! highe/ in/9cts t5d to disorganization z mu* z ! l[e/1 s9ce ord] & b5efit is :at practical morality ev]y:]e insi/s ^u1 :ile sanctity & g5ius are z rebelli\s z vice4 ,! con/ant dem&s ( ! he>t & ! belly c all[ man only an incid5tal indulg5ce 9 ! pleasures ( ! eye & ! und]/&+4 ,= ?is reason1 utility keeps close wat* ov] beauty1 le/ 9 h] wilfulness & riot %e %\ld (f5d aga9/ our practical ne$s & ultimate happ9ess4 ,& :5 ! consci5ce is ke51 ?is vigilance ( ! practical imag9ation ov] ! speculative ceases to appe> z an ev5tual & ext]nal *eck4 ,! lea/ suspicion ( luxury1 wa/e1 impurity1 or cruelty is !n a signal = al>m & insurrection4 ,t :i* emits ?is sapor ho]eticus becomes s initially horrible1 t naturally no beauty c ev] be discov]$ 9 x2 ! s5ses & imag9ation are 9 t case inhibit$ by ! consci5ce4 ,= ?is reason1 ! doctr9e t beauty is ess5tially no?+ b ! expression ( moral or practical good appeals to p]sons ( pr$om9ant moral s5sitiv5ess1 n only because !y wi% x 7 ! tru?1 b because x l>gely describes ! exp]i5ce ( _! own m9ds1 some:at w>p$ 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,x w fur!r be obs]v$ t ! morali/s are mu* m able to condemn ?an to appreciate ! effects ( ! arts4 ,_! ta/e is delicate )\t be+ ke51 = ! pr9ciple on :i* !y judge is "o :i* really op]ates to control & ext5d ae/hetic effects2 x is a s\rce ( expression & ( c]ta9 nuances ( satisfaction2 b x is =eign to ! /rong] & m primitive ae/hetic values to :i* ! same p]sons are comp>atively bl9d4 ,! au?ority ( morals ov] ae/hetics4 #ee4 ,! ext5t to :i* ae/hetic goods %\ld be sacrific$ is1 ( c\rse1 a moral "q2 = ! function ( practical reason is to comp>e1 comb9e1 & h>monize all our int]e/s1 ) a view to atta9+ ! greate/ satisfactions ( :i* our nature is capable4 ,we mu/ expect1 !re=e1 t virtue %\ld place ! same re/ra9t ^u all our passions -- n f sup]/iti\s av]sion to any "o ne$1 b f an equal conc]n = !m all4 ,! consid]ation to be giv5 to our ae/hetic pleasures w dep5d ^u _! great] or less influ5ce ^u our happ9ess2 & z ?is influ5ce v>ies 9 diff]5t ages & c\ntries1 & ) diff]5t individuals1 x w be "r to let ae/hetic dem&s c\nt = m or = less 9 ! organization ( life4 ,we may1 inde$1 accord+ to our p]sonal sympa?ies1 pref] "o type ( creature to ano!r4 ,we may love ! m>tial1 or ! angelic1 or ! political temp]am5t4 ,we may delight to f9d 9 o!rs t balance ( susceptibilities & en?usiasms :i* we feel 9 our own brea/4 ,b no moral precept c require "o species or individual to *ange its nature 9 ord] to resemble ano!r1 s9ce su* a requirem5t c h no p[] or au?ority ov] ^? on :om we w\ld impose x4 ,all t morality c require is ! inw>d h>mony ( ea* life3 & if we /ill abhor ! ?\ght ( a possible be+ :o %\ld be happy )\t love1 or k1 or beauty1 ! av]sion we feel is n moral b in/9ctive1 n rational b human4 ,:at revolts u is n ! want ( excell5ce 9 t o!r creature1 b 8 want ( aff9ity to ourselves4 ,c\ld we survey ! :ole univ]se1 we might inde$ assign to ea* species a moral dignity proportionate to its g5]al b5efic5ce & inw>d weal?2 b su* an absolute /&>d1 if x exi/s1 is incommunicable to u2 & we are r$uc$ to judg+ ( ! excell5ce ( e nature by its relation to ! human4 ,all ^! matt]s1 h[ev]1 belong to ! sph]e ( e?ics1 nor %\ld we give !m "h ev5 a pass+ notice1 b = ! influ5ce :i* moral ideas ex]t ov] ae/hetic judgm5ts4 ,our s5se ( practical b5efit n only det]m9es ! moral value ( beauty1 b sometimes ev5 its exi/5ce z an ae/hetic good4 ,especially 9 ! "r selection ( effects1 ^! consid]ations h weight4 ,=ms 9 !mselves pleas+ may become disagreeable :5 ! practical int]e/s !n upp]mo/ 9 ! m9d _c1 )\t viol5ce1 yield a place to !m4 ,?us too mu* eloqu5ce 9 a diplomatic docum5t1 or 9 a famili> lett]1 or 9 a pray]1 is an (f5ce n only aga9/ practical s5se1 b also aga9/ ta/e4 ,! occasion has tun$ u to a c]ta9 key ( s5tim5t1 & depriv$ u ( ! p[] to respond to o!r /imuli4 ,if ?+s ( mom5t are be=e u1 we _c /op to play ) symbols & figures ( spee*4 ,we _c att5d to !m ) pleasure1 & !re=e !y lose ! beauty !y might else:]e h _h4 ,!y are (f5sive1 n 9 !mselves1 -- = no?+ is intr9sically ugly1 -- b by virtue ( our pres5t dem& = some?+ diff]5t4 ,a prison z gay z a baza>1 a *ur* z dumb z a prison1 (f5d by _! failure to support by _! ae/hetic quality ! moral emotion )1 :i* we approa* !m4 ,! arts mu/ /udy _! occasions2 !y mu/ /& mode/ly aside until !y c slip 9 fitly into ! int]/ices ( life4 ,?is is ! consequ5ce ( ! sup]ficial /ratum on :i* !y fl\ri%2 _! roots1 z we h se51 are n deep 9 ! _w1 & !y appe> only z un/able1 sup]add$ activities1 employm5ts ( our fre$om1 aft] ! "w ( life is done & ! t]ror ( x is allay$4 ,!y mu/1 !re=e1 fit _! =ms1 l p>asites1 to ! /\t] gr[?s to :i* !y cl+4 ,h]e9 lies ! greate/ difficulty & nicety ( art4 ,x mu/ n only create ?+s ab/ractly beautiful1 b x mu/ conciliate all ! competitors ^! may h to ! att5tion ( ! _w1 & mu/ "k h[ to ins9uate _! *>ms among ! objects ( our passion4 ,b ?is subs]vi5cy & en=c$ humility ( beauty is n )\t its virtue & rew>d4 ,if ! ae/hetic habit lie "u ! necessity ( respect+ & obs]v+ our passions1 x possesses ! privilege ( soo?+ our griefs4 ,!re is no situation s t]rible t x may n be reliev$ by ! mom5t>y pause ( ! m9d to contemplate x ae/hetically4 ,grief itself becomes 9 ?is way n :olly pa92 a sweetness is add$ to x by our reflection4 ,! sadde/ sc5es may lose _! bitt]ness 9 _! beauty4 ,?is m9i/ration makes1 z x 71 ! piety ( ! ,muses1 :o succ\r _! "m1 ,life1 & repay h] = _! nurture by ! com=t ( _! cont9ual pres5ce4 ,! ae/hetic _w is limit$ 9 its scope2 x mu/ submit to ! control ( ! organiz+ reason1 & n trespass ^u m useful & holy gr\nd4 ,! g>d5 mu/ n encroa* ^u ! corn-fields2 b ! eye ( ! g>d5] may trans=m ! corn-fields !mselves by d9t ( lov+ obs]vation into a g>d5 ( a sob]] k9d4 ,by f9d+ gr&eur 9 our disa/]s1 & m]rim5t 9 our mi%aps1 ! ae/hetic s5se ?us mollifies bo?1 & consoles u = ! frequ5t impossibility ( a s]i\s & p]fect beauty4 ,negative values 9 ! second t]m4 #ef4 ,all subjects1 ev5 ! mo/ repell5t1 :5 ! circum/ances ( life ?ru/ !m be=e u1 c ?us be obs]v$ ) curiosity & treat$ ) art4 ,! call+ =? ( ^! ae/hetic functions s(t5s ! viol5ce ( our sympa!tic reaction4 ,if dea?1 = in/ance1 did n exi/ & did n ?ru/ itself ^u our ?\ghts ) pa9ful importunity1 art w\ld nev] h be5 call$ ^u to s(t5 & dignify x1 by pres5t+ x 9 beautiful =ms & surr\nd+ x ) consol+ associations4 ,art does n seek out ! pa!tic1 ! tragic1 & ! absurd2 x is life t has impos$ !m ^u our att5tion1 & enli/$ art 9 _! s]vice1 to make ! contemplation ( !m1 s9ce x is inevitable1 at lea/ z tol]able z possible4 ,! agreeabl5ess ( ! pres5tation is ?us mix$ ) ! horror ( ! ?+2 & ! result is t :ile we are sadd5$ by ! tru? we are delight$ by ! vehicle t conveys x to u4 ,! mixture ( ^! emotions con/itutes ! peculi> flav\r & poignancy ( pa?os4 ,b because unlovely objects & feel+s are (t5 s famili> z to be indiff]5t or s mom5t\s z to be alone 9 ! m9d1 we are l$ into ! confusion ( suppos+ t beauty dep5ds ^u !m = its ae/hetic value2 :]eas ! tru? is t only by ! addition ( positive beauties c ^! evil exp]i5ces be made agreeable to contemplation4 ,!re is1 9 reality1 no su* p>adox 9 ! tragic1 comic1 & sublime1 z has be5 sometimes suppos$4 ,we are n pleas$ by virtue ( ! sugge/$ evils1 b 9 spite ( !m2 & if ev] ! *>m ( ! beautiful pres5tation s9ks s l[1 or ! vividness ( ! repres5t$ evil rises s high1 t ! balance is 9 fav\r ( pa91 at t v mom5t ! :ole object becomes horrible1 passes out ( ! doma9 ( art1 & c be ju/ifi$ only by its sci5tific or moral uses4 ,z an ae/hetic value x is de/roy$2 x ceases to be a b5efit2 & ! au?or ( x1 if he 7 n made h>mless by ! neglect t mu/ soon ov]take him1 w\ld h to be puni%$ z a malefactor :o adds to ! burd5 ( mortal life4 ,= ! sad1 ! ridicul\s1 ! grotesque1 & ! t]rible1 unless !y become ae/hetic goods1 rema9 moral evils4 ,we h1 !re=e1 to /udy ! v>i\s ae/hetic1 intellectual1 & moral comp5sations by :i* ! m9d c be br\ght to contemplate ) pleasure a ?+ :i*1 if exp]i5c$ alone1 w\ld be ! cause ( pa94 ,!re is1 to be sure1 a way ( avoid+ ?is inquiry4 ,we might ass]t t s9ce all mod]ate excitem5t is pleasant1 !re is no?+ /range 9 ! fact t ! repres5tation ( evil %\ld please2 = ! exp]i5ce is evil by virtue ( ! pa9 x gives2 b x gives pa9 only :5 felt ) great int5sity4 ,obs]v$ f af>1 x is a pleas+ impression2 x is vivid en\gh to int]e/1 b n acute en\gh to w\nd4 ,?is simple explanation is possible 9 all ^? cases :]e ae/hetic effect is ga9$ by ! inhibition ( sympa?y4 ,! t]m evil is (t5 a conv5tional epi!t2 a conflagration may be call$ an evil1 because x usually involves loss & suff]+2 b if1 )\t c>+ = a loss & suff]+ we d n %>e1 we are delight$ by ! blaze1 & /ill say t :at pleases u is an evil1 we are us+ ?is ^w z a conv5tional appellation1 n z ! m>k ( a felt value4 ,we are n pleas$ by an evil2 we are pleas$ by a vivid & excit+ s5sation1 :i* is a good1 b :i* has = objective cause an ev5t :i* may inde$ be an evil to o!rs1 b ab\t ! consequ5ces ( :i* we are n ?9k+ at all4 ,!re is1 9 ?is s5se1 no?+ 9 all nature1 p]haps1 :i* is n an evil2 no?+ :i* is n unfav\rable to "s int]e/1 & does n involve "s inf9itesimal or ultimate suff]+ 9 ! univ]se ( life4 ,b :5 we are ignorant or ?\ghtless1 ?is suff]+ is to u z if x did n exi/4 ,! pleasures ( dr9k+ & walk+ are n tragic to u1 because we may be poison+ "s bacillus or cru%+ "s worm4 ,to an omnisci5t intellig5ce su* acts may be tragic by virtue ( ! insight into _! relations to conflict+ impulses2 b unless ^! impulses are pres5t to ! same m9d1 !re is no consci\sness ( trag$y4 ,! *ild t1 )\t und]/&+ ( ! calamity1 %\ld wat* a %ipwreck f ! %ore1 w\ld h>e a simple emotion ( pleasure z f a jump+ jack2 :at passes = tragic int]e/ is (t5 no?+ b ?is4 ,if he und]/ood ! ev5t1 b 0 entirely )\t sympa?y1 he w\ld h ! ae/hetic emotion ( ! c>eless tyrant1 to :om ! notion ( suff]+ is no h9drance to ! enjoym5t ( ! lyre4 ,if ! temp] ( 8 tyranny 7 purposely cruel1 he might add to t ae/hetic delight ! luxury ( ,s*ad5freude2 b ! pa?os & horror ( ! sight c\ld only appeal to a man :o realiz$ & %>$ ! suff]+s he beheld4 ,a great deal ( brutal trag$y has be5 endur$ 9 ! _w because ! rud5ess ( ! repres5tation1 or ( ! public1 or ( bo?1 did n all[ a really sympa!tic reaction to arise4 ,we all smile :5 ,pun* beats ,judy 9 ! puppet %[4 ,! treatm5t & n ! subject is :at makes a trag$y4 ,a p>ody ( ,hamlet or ( ,k+ ,le> w\ld n be a trag$y2 & ^! trag$ies !mselves are n :olly su*1 b by ! /ra9 ( wit & nons5se !y conta9 are1 z x 71 occasional p>odies on !mselves4 ,by treat+ a tragic subject bomba/ically or satirically we c turn x into an amusem5t = ! public2 !y w n feel ! griefs :i* we h be5 c>eful to h>d5 !m aga9/ by ar\s+ 9 !m contr>y emotions4 ,a "w1 nom9ally a "w ( art1 may also appeal to non-ae/hetic feel+s by its political bias1 brutality1 or obsc5ity4 ,b if an effect ( true pa?os is s\ght1 ! sympa?y ( ! obs]v] mu/ be ar\s$2 we mu/ awak5 9 him ! emotion we describe4 ,! int5sity ( ! impression mu/ n be s slight t its pa9ful quality is n felt2 = x is ?is v s5se ( pa91 m+l+ ) ! ae/hetic excitem5t ( ! spectacle1 t gives x a tragic or pa!tic col\r+4 ,we _c !re=e re/ 9 ! ass]tion t ! slight] degree ( excitem5t is pleasant1 :5 a great] degree ( ! same w\ld be disagreeable2 = t pr9ciple does n express ! ess5ce ( ! matt]1 :i* is t we mu/ be aw>e ( ! evil1 & consci\s ( x z su*1 absorb$ m or less 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ! suff]]1 & consequ5tly suff]+ ourselves1 be=e we c exp]i5ce ! ess5ce ( tragic emotion4 ,?is emotion mu/ !re=e be complex2 x mu/ conta9 an elem5t ( pa9 ov]balanc$ by an elem5t ( pleasure2 9 our delight !re mu/ be a di/+ui%able t\* ( %r9k+ & sorr[2 = x is ?is conflict & r5d+ ( our w1 ?is fasc9ation by :at is intr9sically t]rible or sad1 t gives ^! turbid feel+s _! dep? & pung5cy4 ,influ5ce ( ! fir/ t]m 9 ! pleas+ expression ( self4 #eg4 ,a /rik+ pro( ( ! comp\nd nature ( tragic effects c be giv5 by a simple exp]im5t4 ,remove f any drama -- say f ,o!llo -- ! *>m ( ! m$ium ( pres5tation2 r$uce ! trag$y to a m]e acc\nt ( ! facts & ( ! words spok51 su* z our newspap]s almo/ daily conta92 & ! tragic dignity & beauty is entirely lo/4 ,no?+ rema9s b a di%e>t5+ item ( human folly1 :i* may /ill excite curiosity1 b :i* w r defile ?an purify ! m9d t consid]s x4 ,a ,fr5* poet has said3 ,il n'e/ de vulgaire *agr9 ,qua celui d'une me vulgaire4 ,! c\nt]p>t ( ?is maxim is equally true4 ,!re is no noble sorr[ except 9 a noble m9d1 because :at is noble is ! reaction ^u ! sorr[1 ! attitude ( ! man 9 its pres5ce1 ! language 9 :i* he clo!s x1 ! associations ) :i* he surr\nds x1 & ! f9e affections & impulses :i* %9e ?r\gh x4 ,only by suffus+ "s s9i/] exp]i5ce ) ?is moral light1 z a poet may d :o c>ries t light )9 him1 c we raise mis=tune into trag$y & make x bett] = u to rememb] our lives ?an to =get !m4 ,!re are times1 al?\gh r>e1 :5 m5 are noble 9 ! v mom5t ( passion3 :5 t passion is n unqualifi$1 b already ma/]$ by reflection & levell$ ) tru?4 ,!n ! exp]i5ce is itself ! trag$y1 & no poet is ne$$ to make x beautiful 9 repres5tation1 s9ce ! suff]] has be5 an arti/ himself1 & has m\ld$ :at he has endur$4 ,b usually ^! two /ages h to be successive3 fir/ we suff]1 aft]w>ds we s+4 ,an int]val is necess>y to make feel+ pres5table1 & subjugate x to t =m 9 :i* alone x is beautiful4 ,?is =m appeals to u 9 itself1 & )\t its aid no subject-matt] c\ld become an ae/hetic object4 ,! m t]rible ! exp]i5ce describ$1 ! m p[]ful mu/ ! art be :i* is to trans=m x4 ,= ?is reason prose & lit]alness are m tol]able 9 com$y ?an 9 trag$y2 any viol5t passion1 any ov]:elm+ pa91 if x is n to make u ?9k ( a demon/ration 9 pa?ology1 & br+ back ! smell ( e!r1 mu/ be r5d]$ 9 ! mo/ exalt$ /yle4 ,metre1 rhyme1 melody1 ! wide/ nights ( allusion1 ! highe/ rea*es ( fancy1 are !re 9 place4 ,= ^! enable ! m9d swept by ! deepe/ cosmic h>monies1 to endure & absorb ! %rill notes :i* w\ld be intol]able 9 a poor] sett+4 ,! s5su\s h>mony ( words1 & /ill m ! effects ( rhy?m1 are indisp5sable at ?is height ( emotion4 ,evolutioni/s h said t viol5t emotion naturally expresses itself 9 rhy?m4 ,t is h>dly an empirical obs]vation1 nor c ! expressiv5ess ( rhy?ms be made def9ite en\gh to be> specific association ) complex feel+s4 ,b ! susp5sion & ru% ( s\nd & movem5t h 9 !mselves a /rong effect2 we _c und]go !m )\t pr(\nd excitem5t2 & ?is1 l m>tial music1 n]ves u to c\rage &1 by a sort ( intoxication1 be>s u along amid sc5es :i* might o!rwise be sick5+4 ,! vile effect ( lit]al & disjo9t$ r5d]+s ( suff]+1 :e!r 9 writ+ or act+1 proves h[ necess>y is ! musical quality to trag$y -- a fact ,ari/otle long ago set =?4 ,! afflatus ( rhy?m1 ev5 if x be ! pomp ( ! ,alex&r9e1 sublimates ! passion1 & cl>ifies its mutt]+s into poetry4 ,?is bread? & rationality are necess>y to art1 :i* is n skill m]ely1 b skill 9 ! s]vice ( beauty4 ,mixture ( o!r expressions1 includ+ t ( tru?4 #eh4 ,to ! value ( ^! s5su\s & =mal elem5ts mu/ be add$ ! cont9ual sugge/ion ( beautiful & happy ?+s1 :i* no trag$y is sombre en\gh to exclude4 ,ev5 if we d n g s f> z to int]sp]se comic sc5es & phrases into a pa!tic subject1 -- a rude device1 s9ce ! comic passages !mselves ne$ t purify+ :i* !y are meant to effect1 -- we mu/ at lea/ relieve our !me ) pleas+ associations4 ,= ?is reason we h palaces = our sc5e1 rank1 beauty1 & virtue 9 our h]oes1 nobility 9 _! passions & 9 _! fate1 & altoge!r a sort ( glorification ( life )\t :i* trag$y w\ld lose bo? 9 dep? ( pa?os -- s9ce ?+s s preci\s are de/roy$ -- & 9 subtlety ( *>m1 s9ce ?+s s preci\s are manife/$4 ,inde$1 "o ( ! *ief *>ms t trag$ies h is ! sugge/ion ( :at !y might h be5 if !y _h n be5 trag$ies4 ,! happ9ess :i* glimm]s ?r\gh !m1 ! hopes1 loves1 & ambitions ( :i* x is made1 ^! ?+s fasc9ate u1 & w9 our sympa?y2 s t we are all ! m will+ to suff] ) our h]oes1 ev5 if we are at ! same "t all ! m s5sitive to _! suff]+4 ,too wick$ a "* or too unreliev$ a situation revolts u = ?is reason4 ,we d n f9d en\gh expression ( good to make u endure ! expression ( ! evil4 ,a curi\s exception to ?is rule1 :i*1 h[ev]1 admirably illu/rates ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( x1 is :]e by ! div]sity ( evils repres5t$ ! m9d is reliev$ f pa9ful absorption 9 any ( !m4 ,!re is a sc5e 9 ,k+ ,le>1 :]e ! horror ( ! /orm is made to brood ov] at lea/ f\r mis]ies1 t ( ! k+1 ( ! fool1 ( ,edg> 9 8 real p]son1 & ( ,edg> 9 8 assum$ "*4 ,! vividness ( ea* ( ^! portrayals1 ) its diff]5t note ( pa?os1 keeps ! m9d deta*$ & free1 =ces x to comp>e & reflect1 & !reby to univ]salize ! spectacle4 ,yet ev5 "h1 ! beautiful effect is n secur$ )\t "s t\*es ( good4 ,h[ mu* is n ga9$ by ! dumb fidelity ( ! fool1 & by ! sublime humanity ( ,le>1 :5 he says1 ,art cold8 ,!re is a "p ( me is sorry = !e yet4 ,yet all ^! comp5sations w\ld probably be unavail+ b = ano!r :i* ! sadde/ ?+s (t5 h1 -- ! comp5sation ( be+ true4 ,our practical & intellectual nature is deeply int]e/$ 9 tru?4 ,:at describes fact appeals to u = t reason2 x has an inali5able int]e/4 ,h[ev] unpleasant tru? may prove1 we long to "k x1 p>tly p]haps because exp]i5ce has %[n u ! prud5ce ( ?is k9d ( intellectual c\rage1 & *iefly because ! consci\sness ( ignorance & ! dread ( ! unkn[n is m torm5t+ ?an any possible discov]y4 ,a primitive in/9ct makes u turn ! eyes full on any object t appe>s 9 ! dim bord]l& ( our field ( vision -- & ?is all ! m quickly1 ! m t]rible t object ?reat5s to be4 ,?is physical ?ir/ = see+ has its intellectual ext5sion4 ,we covet tru?1 & to atta9 x1 amid all accid5ts1 is a supreme satisfaction4 ,n[ ?is satisfaction ! repres5tation ( evil c also af=d4 ,:e!r we he> ! acc\nt ( "s p]sonal accid5t1 or li/5 to ! symbolic repres5tation ( ! inh]5t trag$y ( life1 we crave ! same k2 ! desire = tru? makes u welcome eag]ly :atev] comes 9 its "n4 ,to be sure1 ! relief ( su* in/ruction does n ( itself con/itute an ae/hetic pleasure3 ! o!r conditions ( beauty rema9 to be fulfill$4 ,b ! satisfaction ( s imp]i\s an intellectual in/9ct insures our will+ att5tion to ! tragic object1 & /r5g!ns ! hold :i* any beauties x may possess w take ^u u4 ,an intellectual value /&s ready to be transmut$ into an ae/hetic "o1 if once its discursiv5ess is lo/1 & x is left hang+ ab\t ! object z a vague s5se ( dignity & mean+4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ ! specific pleasure ( recognition1 "o ( ! ke5e/ we h1 & ! s5tim5tal "o ( nurs+ our own griefs & dignify+ !m by assimilation to a less +lori\s repres5tation ( !m4 ,"h we h tru? on a small scale2 con=mity 9 ! fiction to incid5ts ( our p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,su* correspond5ces are ! basis ( mu* popul> appreciation ( trivial & undige/$ works t appeal to "s mom5t>y phase ( life or feel+1 & disappe> ) x4 ,!y h ! value ( p]sonal /imulants only2 !y nev] a*ieve beauty4 ,l ! s\v5irs ( la/ season's gayeties1 or ! di>y ( an e>ly love1 !y are (t5 hide\s 9 !mselves 9 proportion z !y are r$ol5t ) p]sonal associations4 ,b h[ev] hopelessly m]e hi/ory or confession may fail to con/itute a "w ( art1 a "w ( art t has an hi/orical w>rant1 ei!r lit]al or symbolical1 ga9s ! support ( t vivid int]e/ we h 9 facts4 ,& _m trag$ies & f>ces1 t to a m9d )\t exp]i5ce ( ?is sublun>y _w might seem mon/r\s & disgu/+ fictions1 may come to be =giv5 & ev5 p]haps pref]r$ ov] all else1 :5 !y are f\nd to be a sket* f life4 ,tru? is ?us ! excuse :i* ugl9ess has = be+4 ,_m p1 9 :om ! pursuit ( k & ! indulg5ce 9 s5tim5t h left no room = ! cultivation ( ! ae/hetic s5se1 look 9 art r = ?is expression ( fact or ( passion ?an = ! revelation ( beauty4 ,!y accord+ly produce & admire works )\t intr9sic value4 ,!y employ ! proc$ure ( ! f9e arts )\t an eye to :at c give pleasure 9 ! effect4 ,!y invoke r ! a priori int]e/ :i* m5 are expect$ to h 9 ! subject-matt]1 or 9 ! !ories & moral impli$ 9 ! pres5tation ( x4 ,in/ead ( us+ ! allurem5ts ( art to inspire wisdom1 !y require an appreciation ( wisdom to make u endure _! lack ( art4 ,( c\rse1 ! in/rum5ts ( ! arts are public prop]ty & any "o is free to turn !m to new uses4 ,x w\ld be an int]e/+ developm5t ( civilization if !y %\ld n[ be employ$ only z me?ods ( record+ sci5tific ideas & p]sonal confessions4 ,b ! exp]im5t has n succe$$ & c h>dly succe$4 ,!re are o!r simpl]1 cle>]1 & m satisfy+ ways ( exp\nd+ tru?4 ,a man :o is really a /ud5t ( hi/ory or philosophy w nev] re/ ) ! vague & p>tial oracles ( poetry1 n to speak ( ! in>ticulate sugge/ions ( ! pla/ic arts4 ,he w at once make = ! pr9ciples :i* art _c express1 ev5 if x c embody !m1 & :5 ^? pr9ciples are atta9$1 ! works ( art1 if !y _h no o!r value ?an t ( sugge/+ !m1 w lapse f 8 m9d4 ,=ms w give place to =mulas z hi]oglyphics h giv5 place to ! lett]s ( ! alphabet4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! prim>y int]e/ is really 9 beauty1 & only ! confusion ( a moral revolution has obscur$ = a :ile ! vision ( ! ideal1 !n z ! m9d rega9s its ma/]y ov] ! _w1 & dige/s its new exp]i5ce1 ! imag9ation w aga9 be lib]at$1 & create its =ms by its inw>d aff9ities1 leav+ all ! we>y burd51 ar*aeological1 psy*ological1 & e?ical1 to ^? ^: bus9ess is n to delight4 ,b ! sudd5 inundation ( sci5ce & s5tim5t :i* has made ! m9d ( ! n9ete5? c5tury s confus$1 by ov]load+ u ) mat]ials & break+ up our habits ( app]ception & our ideals1 has l$ to an exclusive s5se ( ! value ( expressiv5ess1 until ?is has be5 almo/ id5tifi$ ) beauty4 ,?is exagg]ation c be/ prove h[ ! expression ( tru? may ent] into ! play ( ae/hetic =ces1 & give a value to repres5tations :i*1 b = x1 w\ld be repulsive4 ,! lib]ation ( self4 #ei4 ,hi!rto we h be5 consid]+ ^? elem5ts ( a pa!tic pres5tation :i* may mitigate our sympa!tic emotion1 & make x on ! :ole agreeable4 ,^! consi/ 9 ! intr9sic beauties ( ! m$ium ( pres5tation1 & 9 ! concomitant manife/ation ( v>i\s goods1 notably ( tru?4 ,! mixture ( ^! values is p]haps all we h 9 mildly pa!tic works1 9 ! pres5ce ( :i* we are tol]ably aw>e ( a sort ( balance & comp5sation ( emotions4 ,! sorr[ & ! beauty1 ! hopelessness & ! consolation1 m+le & m]ge into a k9d ( joy :i* has its poignancy1 inde$1 b :i* is f> too passive & p5it5tial to conta9 ! l\d] & sublim] ( our tragic moods4 ,9 ^! !re is a :ol5ess1 a /r5g?1 & a rapture1 :i* /ill dem&s an explanation4 ,:]e ?is explanation is to be f\nd may be guess$ f ! foll[+ circum/ance4 ,! pa!tic is a quality ( ! object1 at once lovable & sad1 :i* we accept & all[ to fl[ 9 ^u ! s\l2 b ! h]oic is an attitude ( ! w1 by :i* ! voices ( ! out] _w are sil5c$1 & a moral en]gy1 fl[+ f )91 is made to triumph ov] !m4 ,if we fail1 !re=e1 to discov]1 by analysis ( ! object1 any?+ :i* c\ld make x sublime1 we mu/ n be surpris$ at our failure4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ! object is always b a portion ( our consci\sness3 t portion :i* has en\gh coh]5ce & articulation to be recogniz$ z p]man5t & project$ into ! out] _w4 ,b consci\sness rema9s "o1 9 spite ( ?is div]sification ( its cont5t1 & ! object is n really indep5d5t1 b is 9 con/ant relation to ! re/ ( ! m9d1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* x swims l a bubble on a d>k surface ( wat]4 ,! ae/hetic effect ( objects is always due to ! total emotional value ( ! consci\sness 9 :i* !y exi/4 ,we m]ely attribute ?is value to ! object by a projection :i* is ! gr\nd ( ! app>5t objectivity ( beauty4 ,sometimes ?is value may be inh]5t 9 ! process by :i* ! object itself is p]ceiv$2 !n we h s5su\s & =mal beauty2 sometimes ! value may be due to ! incipi5t =mation ( o!r ideas1 :i* ! p]ception ( ?is object evokes2 !n we h beauty ( expression4 ,b among ! ideas ) :i* e object has relation !re is "o vague/1 mo/ compreh5sive1 & mo/ p[]ful "o1 namely1 ! idea ( self4 ,! impulses1 memories1 pr9ciples1 & en]gies :i* we designate by t ^w baffle enum]ation2 inde$1 !y con/antly fade & *ange into "o ano!r2 & :e!r ! self is any?+1 ev]y?+1 or no?+ dep5ds on ! aspect ( x :i* we mom5t>ily fix1 & especially on ! def9ite object ) :i* we contra/ x4 ,n[1 x is ! ess5tial privilege ( beauty to s syn!size & br+ to a focus ! v>i\s impulses ( ! self1 s to susp5d !m to a s+le image1 t a great peace falls ^u t p]turb$ k+dom4 ,9 ! exp]i5ce ( ^! mom5t>y h>monies we h ! basis ( ! enjoym5t ( beauty1 & ( all its my/ical mean+s4 ,b !re are always two me?ods ( secur+ h>mony3 "o is to unify all ! giv5 elem5ts1 & ano!r is to reject & expunge all ! elem5ts t refuse to be unifi$4 ,unity by inclusion gives u ! beautiful2 unity by exclusion1 opposition1 & isolation gives u ! sublime4 ,bo? are pleasures3 b ! pleasure ( ! "o is w>m1 passive1 & p]vasive2 t ( ! o!r cold1 imp]i\s1 & ke54 ,! "o id5tifies u ) ! _w1 ! o!r raises u above x4 ,!re c be no difficulty 9 und]/&+ h[ ! expression ( evil 9 ! object may be ! occasion ( ?is h]oic reaction ( ! s\l4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! evil may be felt2 b at ! same "t ! s5se t1 great z x may be 9 itself1 x _c t\* u1 may /imulate extraord9>ily ! consci\sness ( our own :ol5ess4 ,?is is ! sublimity :i* ,lucretius calls sweet 9 ! fam\s l9es 9 :i* he s ju/ly analyzes x4 ,we are n pleas$ because ano!r suff]s an evil1 b because1 see+ x is an evil1 we see at ! same "t our own immunity f x4 ,we might s(t5 ! picture a little1 & p]haps make ! pr9ciple ev5 cle>] by s do+4 ,! %ipwreck obs]v$ f ! %ore does n leave u :olly unmov$2 we suff]1 also1 & if possible1 w\ld help4 ,s1 too1 ! spectacle ( ! err+ _w mu/ sadd5 ! philosoph] ev5 9 ! ,acropolis ( 8 wisdom2 he w\ld1 if x might be1 desc5d f 8 m$itation & tea*4 ,b ^? movem5ts ( sympa?y are quickly inhibit$ by despair ( success2 impossibility ( action is a great condition ( ! sublime4 ,if we c\ld c\nt ! />s1 we %\ld n weep be=e !m4 ,:ile we ?9k we c *ange ! drama ( hi/ory1 & ( our own lives1 we are n aw$ by our de/9y4 ,b :5 ! evil is irrep>able1 :5 our life is liv$1 a /rong _s has ! sublime res\rce ( /&+ at bay & ( survey+ almo/ f ! o!r _w ! vicissitudes ( ?is4 ,! m intimate to himself ! trag$y he is able to look back ^u ) calmness1 ! m sublime t calmness is1 & ! m div9e ! ec/asy 9 :i* he a*ieves x4 ,= ! m ( ! accid5tal ve/ure ( life we are able to /rip ourselves (1 ! m nak$ & simple is ! surviv+ _s2 ! m complete its sup]iority & unity1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! m unqualifi$ its joy4 ,!re rema9s little 9 u1 !n1 b t intellectual ess5ce1 :i* sev]al great philosoph]s h call$ et]nal & id5tifi$ ) ! ,div9ity4 ,a s+le illu/ration may help to fix ^! pr9ciples 9 ! m9d4 ,:5 ,o!llo has discov]$ 8 fatal error1 & is resolv$ to take 8 own life1 he /ops 8 groan+1 & addresses ! ambassadors ( ,v5ice ?us3 ,speak ( me z ,i am3 no?+ ext5uate1 ,nor set d[n aught 9 malice3 !n1 mu/ y speak ,( "o t lov$1 n wisely1 b too well2 ,( "o n easily jeal\s1 b1 be+ wr\ght1 ,p]plex$ 9 ! extreme2 ( "o ^: h&1 ,l ! base ,indian1 ?rew a pe>l away ,ri*] ?an all 8 tribe2 ( "o ^: subdu$ eyes1 ,albeit unus$ to ! melt+ mood1 ,drop te>s z fa/ z ! ,arabian trees ,_! m$ic9al gum4 ,set y d[n ?is3 ,& say1 besides1 t 9 ,aleppo once ,:5 a malignant & a turban$ ,turk ,beat a ,v5etian1 & traduc$ ! /ate1 ,i took by ! ?roat ! circumcis$ dog1 ,& smote him1 ?us4 ,!re is a k9d ( criticism t w\ld see 9 all ^! allusions1 figures ( spee*1 & w&]+ reflections1 an unnatural r5d]+ ( suicide4 ,! man1 we might be told1 %\ld h mutt]$ a few brok5 phrases1 & kill$ himself )\t ?is pomp ( declamation1 l ! jeal\s husb&s 9 ! daily pap]s4 ,b ! conv5tions ( ! tragic /age are m fav\rable to psy*ological tru? ?an ! conv5tions ( real life4 ,if we may tru/ ! imag9ation 7& 9 imag9ation lies1 z we h se51 ! te/ ( propriety71 ?is is :at ,o!llo w\ld h felt4 ,if he _h n express$ x1 8 dumbness w\ld h be5 due to ext]nal h9drances1 n to ! failure 9 8 m9d ( j su* complex & rhetorical ?\ghts z ! poet has put into 8 m\?4 ,! height ( passion is naturally complex & rhetorical4 ,love makes u poets1 & ! approa* ( dea? %\ld make u philosoph]s4 ,:5 a man kn[s t 8 life is ov]1 he c look back ^u x f a univ]sal /&po9t4 ,he has no?+ m to live =1 b if ! en]gy ( 8 m9d rema9s unimpair$1 he w /ill wi% to live1 &1 be+ cut (f f 8 p]sonal ambitions1 he w impute to himself a k9d ( vic>i\s immortality by id5tify+ himself ) :at is et]nal4 ,he speaks ( himself z he is1 or r z he 04 ,he sums himself up1 & po9ts to 8 a*ievem5t4 ,?is ,i h be51 says he1 ?is ,i h done4 ,?is compreh5sive & imp>tial view1 ?is syn!sis & objectification ( exp]i5ce1 con/itutes ! lib]ation ( ! s\l & ! ess5ce ( sublimity4 ,t ! h]o atta9s x at ! end consoles u1 z x consoles him1 = 8 hide\s mis=tunes4 ,our pity & t]ror are inde$ purg$2 we g away kn[+ t1 h[ev] tangl$ ! net may be 9 :i* we feel ourselves caught1 !re is lib]ation beyond1 & an ultimate peace4 ,! sublime indep5d5t ( ! expression ( evil4 #fj4 ,s natural is ! relation betwe5 ! vivid conception ( great evils1 & t self-ass]tion ( ! s\l :i* gives ! emotion ( ! sublime1 t ! sublime is (t5 ?\ght to dep5d ^u ! t]ror :i* ^! conceiv$ evils inspire4 ,to be sure1 t t]ror w\ld h to be inhibit$ & subdu$1 o!rwise we %\ld h a passion too acute to be incorporat$ 9 any object2 ! sublime w\ld n appe> z an ae/hetic quality 9 ?+s1 b rema9 m]ely an emotional /ate 9 ! subject4 ,b ?is subdu$ & objectifi$ t]ror is :at is commonly reg>d$ z ! ess5ce ( ! sublime1 & s great an au?ority z ,ari/otle w\ld seem to c\nt5ance "s su* def9ition4 ,! usual cause ( ! sublime is "h confus$1 h[ev]1 ) ! sublime itself4 ,! sugge/ion ( t]ror makes u )draw into ourselves3 !re ) ! sup]v5+ consci\sness ( safety or indiff]5ce comes a reb\nd1 & we h t emotion ( deta*m5t & lib]ation 9 :i* ! sublime really consi/s4 ,?\ghts & actions are prop]ly sublime1 & visible ?+s only by analogy & sugge/ion :5 !y induce a c]ta9 moral emotion2 :]eas beauty belongs prop]ly to s5sible ?+s1 & c be pr$icat$ ( moral facts only by a figure ( rhetoric4 ,:at we objectify 9 beauty is a s5sation4 ,:at we objectify 9 ! sublime is an act4 ,?is act is necess>ily pleasant1 = if x 7 n ! sublime w\ld be a bad quality & "o we %\ld r nev] enc\nt] 9 ! _w4 ,! glori\s joy ( self-ass]tion 9 ! face ( an uncontrollable _w is inde$ s deep & entire1 t x furni%es j t transc5d5t elem5t ( wor? = :i* we 7 look+ :5 we tri$ to und]/& h[ ! expression ( pa9 c\ld sometimes please4 ,x c please1 n 9 itself1 b because x is balanc$ & annull$ by positive pleasures1 especially by ?is f9al & victori\s "o ( deta*m5t4 ,if ! expression ( evil seems necess>y to ! sublime1 x is s only z a condition ( ?is moral reaction4 ,we are commonly too mu* engross$ 9 objects & too little c5tr$ 9 ourselves & our inali5able w1 to see ! sublimity ( a pleas+ prospect4 ,we are !n entic$ & flatt]$1 & won ov] to a comm]ce ) ^! ext]nal goods1 & ! consummation ( our happ9ess w\ld lie 9 ! p]fect compreh5sion & enjoym5t ( _! nature4 ,?is is ! (fice ( art & ( love2 & its p>tial fulfilm5t is se5 9 e p]ception ( beauty4 ,b :5 we are *eck$ 9 ?is sympa!tic endeav\r aft] unity & compreh5sion2 :5 we come ^u a great evil or an irreconcilable p[]1 we are driv5 to seek our happ9ess by ! %ort] & h]oic road2 !n we recognize ! hopeless =eignness ( :at lies be=e u1 & /iff5 ourselves aga9/ x4 ,we ?us = ! fir/ "t rea* ! s5se ( our possible sep>ation f our _w1 & ( our ab/ract /ability2 & ) ?is comes ! sublime4 ,b al?\gh exp]i5ce ( evil is ! commone/ approa* to ?is attitude ( m9d1 & we commonly become philosoph]s only aft] despair+ ( in/9ctive happ9ess1 yet !re is no?+ impossible 9 ! atta9m5t ( deta*m5t by o!r *annels4 ,! imm5se is sublime z well z ! t]rible2 & m]e inf9ity ( ! object1 l its ho/ile nature1 c h ! effect ( mak+ ! m9d recoil ^u itself4 ,inf9ity1 l ho/ility1 removes u f ?+s1 & makes u consci\s ( our indep5d5ce4 ,! simultane\s view ( _m ?+s1 innum]able attractions felt toge!r1 produce equilibrium & indiff]5ce1 z effectually z ! exclusion ( all4 ,if we may call ! lib]ation ( ! self by ! consci\sness ( evil 9 ! _w1 ! ,/oic sublime1 we may ass]t t !re is also an ,epicurean sublime1 :i* consi/s 9 lib]ation by equipoise4 ,any wide survey is sublime 9 t fa%ion4 ,ea* detail may be beautiful4 ,we may ev5 be ready ) a passionate response to its appeal4 ,we may ?9k we covet e sort ( pleasure1 & lean to e k9d ( vigor\s1 impulsive life4 ,b let an inf9ite panorama be sudd5ly unfold$2 ! w is in/antly p>alyz$1 & ! he>t *ok$4 ,x is impossible to desire ev]y?+ at once1 & :5 all is (f]$ & approv$1 x is impossible to *oose ev]y?+4 ,9 ?is susp5se1 ! m9d so>s into a k9d ( heav51 b5evol5t b unmov$4 ,?is is ! attitude ( all m9ds to :i* bread? ( int]e/ or l5g? ( ye>s has br\ght balance & dignity4 ,! sac]dotal quality ( old age comes f ?is same sympa?y 9 dis9t]e/$ness4 ,old m5 full ( hurry & passion appe> z fools1 because we und]/& t _! exp]i5ce has n left en\gh m>k ^u _! bra9 to qualify ) ! memory ( o!r goods any object t may be n[ pres5t$4 ,we _c v5]ate any "o 9 :om appreciation is n divorc$ f desire4 ,& ?is elevation & deta*m5t ( ! he>t ne$ n foll[ ^u any great disappo9tm5t2 x is f9e/ & sweete/ :]e x is ! gradual fruit ( _m affections n[ m]g$ & mell[$ into a natural piety4 ,inde$1 we are able to frame our idea ( ! ,deity on no o!r model4 ,:5 ! pan!i/s try to conceive all ! p>ts ( nature z =m+ a s+le be+1 :i* %all conta9 !m all & yet h absolute unity1 !y f9d !mselves soon d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( ! _w !y are try+ to deify2 = nature1 r$uc$ to ! unity x w\ld assume 9 an omnisci5t m9d1 is no long] nature1 b some?+ simple & impossible1 ! exact opposite ( ! real _w4 ,su* an opposition w\ld con/itute ! lib]ation ( ! div9e m9d f nature1 & its exi/5ce z a self-consci\s individual4 ,! ef=t aft] compreh5siv5ess ( view r$uces ?+s to unity1 b ?is unity /&s out 9 opposition to ! manifold ph5om5a :i* x transc5ds1 & rejects z unreal4 ,n[ ?is de/ruction ( nature1 :i* ! metaphysicians s9ce ,p>m5ides h s (t5 repeat$ 7nature nev]!less surviv+ /ill71 is b a !oretical c\nt]p>t & hypo/asis ( :at happ5s 9 e man's consci5ce :5 ! compreh5siv5ess ( 8 exp]i5ce lifts him into ?\ght1 into ab/raction4 ,! s5se ( ! sublime is ess5tially my/ical3 x is ! transc5d+ ( di/9ct p]ception 9 fav\r ( a feel+ ( unity & volume4 ,s 9 ! moral sph]e1 we h ! mutual cancell+ ( ! passions 9 ! brea/ t includes !m all1 & _! f9al subsid5ce b5ea? ! glance t compreh5ds !m4 ,?is is ! ,epicurean approa* to deta*m5t & p]fection2 x leads by sy/ematic acceptance ( in/9ct to ! same goal :i* ! /oic & ! ascetic rea* by sy/ematic rejection ( in/9ct4 ,x is ?us possible to be mov$ to t self-enfran*isem5t :i* con/itutes ! sublime1 ev5 :5 ! object conta9s no expression ( evil4 ,?is conclusion supports t "p ( our def9ition ( beauty :i* decl>es t ! values beauty conta9s are all positive2 a def9ition :i* we %\ld h _h to *ange if we _h f\nd t ! sublime dep5d$ ^u ! sugge/ion ( evil = its effect4 ,b ! sublime is n ! ugly1 z "s descriptions ( x might lead u to suppose2 x is ! supremely1 ! intoxicat+ly beautiful4 ,x is ! pleasure ( contemplation rea*+ su* an int5sity t x beg9s to lose its objectivity1 & to decl>e itself1 :at x always fundam5tally 01 an inw>d passion ( ! s\l4 ,= :ile 9 ! beautiful we f9d ! p]fection ( life by s9k+ into ! object1 9 ! sublime we f9d a pur] & m inali5able p]fection by defy+ ! object altoge!r4 ,! surpris$ enl>gem5t ( vision1 ! sudd5 escape f our ord9>y int]e/s & ! id5tification ( ourselves ) some?+ p]man5t & sup]human1 some?+ mu* m ab/ract & inali5able ?an our *ang+ p]sonality1 all ?is c>ries u away f ! blurr$ objects be=e u1 & raises u into a sort ( ec/asy4 ,9 ! trite examples ( ! sublime1 :]e we speak ( ! va/ mass1 /r5g?1 & durability ( objects1 or ( _! s9i/] aspect1 z if we 7 mov$ by !m on acc\nt ( our own dang]1 we seem to miss ! po9t4 ,= ! sugge/ion ( our own dang] w\ld produce a t\* ( fe>2 x w\ld be a practical passion1 or if x c\ld by *ance be objectifi$ en\gh to become ae/hetic1 x w\ld m]ely make ! object hateful & repulsive1 l a mangl$ corpse4 ,! object is sublime :5 we =get our dang]1 :5 we escape f ourselves altoge!r1 & live z x 7 9 ! object itself1 en]giz+ 9 imitation ( its movem5t1 & say+1 ,be ?\ me1 impetu\s "o6 ,?is passage into ! object1 to live its life1 is inde$ a *>act]i/ic ( all p]fect contemplation4 ,b :5 9 ?us translat+ ourselves we rise & play a high] p]sonage1 feel+ ! exhil>ation ( a life fre] & wild] ?an our own1 !n ! exp]i5ce is "o ( sublimity4 ,! emotion comes n f ! situation we obs]ve1 b f ! p[]s we conceive2 we fail to sympa?ize ) ! /ruggl+ sailors because we sympa?ize too mu* ) ! w9d & waves4 ,& ?is my/ical cruelty c ext5d ev5 to ourselves2 we c s feel ! fasc9ation ( ! cosmic =ces t engulf u z to take a fi]ce joy 9 ! ?\ght ( our own de/ruction4 ,we c id5tify ourselves ) ! ab/racte/ ess5ce ( reality1 &1 rais$ to t height1 despise ! human accid5ts ( our own nature4 ,"l1 we say1 ?\gh ?\ slay me1 yet w ,i tru/ 9 !e4 ,! s5se ( suff]+ disappe>s 9 ! s5se ( life & ! imag9ation ov]:elms ! und]/&+4 ,! comic4 #fa4 ,some?+ analog\s takes place 9 ! o!r sph]es :]e an ae/hetic value seems to arise out ( sugge/ions ( evil1 9 ! comic1 namely1 & ! grotesque4 ,b "h ! translation ( our sympa?ies is p>tial1 & we are c>ri$ away f ourselves only to become small]4 ,! l>g] humanity1 :i* _c be absorb$1 rema9s ready to contradict ! absurdity ( our fiction4 ,! excell5ce ( com$y lies 9 ! invitation to w&] along "s by-pa? ( ! fancy1 among sc5es n ess5tially impossible1 b n to be actually enact$ by u on acc\nt ( ! fix$ circum/ances ( our lives4 ,if ! picture is agreeable1 we all[ ourselves to dream x true4 ,we =get its relations2 we =bid ! eye to w&] beyond ! frame ( ! /age1 or ! conv5tions ( ! fiction4 ,we indulge an illusion :i* deep5s our s5se ( ! ess5tial pleasantness ( ?+s4 ,s f>1 !re is no?+ 9 com$y t is n delightful1 except1 p]haps1 ! mom5t :5 x is ov]4 ,b fiction1 l all error or ab/raction1 is necess>ily un/able2 & ! awak5+ is n always res]v$ = ! di%e>t5+ mom5t at ! end4 ,ev]y:]e1 :5 we are deal+ ) pret5sion or mi/ake1 we come ^u sudd5 & vivid contradictions2 *anges ( view1 trans=mations ( app]ception :i* are extremely /imulat+ to ! imag9ation4 ,we h spok5 ( "o ( ^!3 :5 ! sudd5 dissolution ( our common habits ( ?\ght lifts u into a my/ical contemplation1 fill$ ) ! s5se ( ! sublime2 :5 ! trans=mation is back to common s5se & reality1 & away f "s fiction1 we h a v diff]5t emotion4 ,we feel *eat$1 reliev$1 aba%$1 or amus$1 9 proportion z our sympa?y atta*es m to ! po9t ( view surr5d]$ or to t atta9$4 ,! dis9tegration ( m5tal =ms & _! r$9tegration is ! life ( ! imag9ation4 ,x is a spiritual process ( bir? & dea?1 nutrition & g5]ation4 ,! /ronge/ emotions accompany ^! *anges1 & v>y inf9itely ) _! v>iations4 ,all ! qualities ( disc\rse1 wit1 eloqu5ce1 cog5cy1 absurdity1 are feel+s incid5tal to ?is process1 & involv$ 9 ! juxtapositions1 t5sions1 & resolutions ( our ideas4 ,d\btless ! la/ explanation ( ^! ?+s w\ld be c]ebral2 b we are z yet conf9$ to v]bal descriptions & classifications ( !m1 :i* are always m or less arbitr>y4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s head+s "u :i* comic effects are ga!r$ are p]haps incongruity & degradation4 ,b cle>ly x _c be ! logical ess5ce ( incongruity or degradation t con/itutes ! comic2 = !n contradiction & det]ioration w\ld always amuse4 ,amusem5t is a mu* m directly physical ?+4 ,we may be amus$ )\t any idea at all1 z :5 we are tickl$1 or laugh 9 sympa?y ) o!rs by a contagi\s imitation ( _! ge/ures4 ,we may be amus$ by ! m]e repetition ( a ?+ at fir/ n amus+4 ,!re mu/ !re=e be "s n]v\s excitem5t on :i* ! feel+ ( amusem5t directly dep5ds1 al?\gh ?is excitem5t may mo/ (t5 co9cide ) a sudd5 transition to an incongru\s or mean] image4 ,nor c we suppose t p>ticul> ideational excitem5t to be entirely dissimil> to all o!rs2 wit is (t5 h>dly di/+ui%able f brilliancy1 z hum\r f pa?os4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 be satisfi$ ) say+ vaguely t ! process ( ideation involves v>i\s feel+s ( movem5t & relation1 -- feel+s capable ( inf9ite gradation & complexity1 & rang+ f sublimity to t$ium & f pa?os to uncontrollable m]rim5t4 ,c]ta9 crude & obvi\s cases ( ! comic seem to consi/ ( little m ?an a %ock ( surprise3 a pun is a sort ( jack-9-!-box1 popp+ f n[h]e into our plodd+ ?\ghts4 ,! livel9ess ( ! int]ruption1 & its futility1 (t5 please2 dulce e/ desip]e 9 loco2 & yet ^? :o mu/ endure ! society ( invet]ate jok]s "k h[ intol]able ?is sort ( sc9tillation c become4 ,!re is some?+ inh]5tly vulg> ab\t x2 p]haps because our tra9 ( ?\ght _c be v ent]ta9+ 9 itself :5 we are s glad to break 9 ^u x ) irrelevant nullities4 ,! same und]tone ( disgu/ m+les ) o!r amus+ surprises1 z :5 a dignifi$ p]sonage slips & falls1 or "s disguise is ?r[n (f1 or ^? ?+s are m5tion$ & describ$ :i* conv5tion ignores4 ,! novelty & ! fre$om please1 yet ! %ock (t5 outla/s ! pleasure1 & we h cause to wi% we _h be5 /imulat$ by some?+ :i* did n involve ?is degradation4 ,s1 also1 ! impossibility 9 plausibility :i* tickles ! fancy 9 ,iri% bulls1 & 9 wild exagg]ations1 leaves an uncom=table impression1 a c]ta9 aft]ta/e ( fooli%ness4 ,! reason w be app>5t if we /op to analyze ! situation4 ,we h a prosaic backgr\nd ( common s5se & e-day reality2 ^u ?is backgr\nd an unexpect$ idea sudd5ly imp+es4 ,b ! ?+ is a futility4 ,! comic accid5t falsifies ! nature be=e u1 />ts a wrong analogy 9 ! m9d1 a sugge/ion t _c be c>ri$ out4 ,9 a ^w1 we are 9 ! pres5ce ( an absurdity2 & man1 be+ a rational animal1 c l absurdity no bett] ?an he c l hung] or cold4 ,a p9* ( ei!r may n be s bad1 & he w endure x m]rily en\gh if y repay him ) abundance ( w>m victuals2 s1 too1 he w play ) all k9ds ( nons5se = ! sake ( laught] & good fell[%ip & ! tickl+ ( 8 fancy ) a sort ( c>icature ( ?\ght4 ,b ! qualm rema9s1 & ! pleasure is nev] p]fect4 ,! same exhil>ation might h come )\t ! falsification1 j z repose foll[s m swiftly aft] pleasant ?an aft] pa9ful ex]tions4 ,fun is a good ?+1 b only :5 x spoils no?+ bett]4 ,! be/ place = absurdity is 9 ! mid/ ( :at is already absurd -- !n we h ! play ( fancy )\t ! s5se ( ineptitude4 ,?+s amuse u 9 ! m\? ( a fool t w\ld n amuse u 9 t ( a g5tleman2 a fact :i* %[s h[ little incongruity & degradation h to d ) our pleasure 9 ! comic4 ,9 fact1 !re is a k9d ( congruity & me?od ev5 9 fool+4 ,! incongru\s & ! degrad$ displease u ev5 !re1 z by _! nature !y mu/ at all times4 ,! %ock :i* !y br+ may sometimes be ! occasion ( a subsequ5t pleasure1 by attract+ our att5tion1 or by /imulat+ passions1 su* z scorn1 or cruelty1 or self-satisfaction 7= !re is a good deal ( malice 9 our love ( fun72 b ! incongruity & degradation1 z su*1 always rema9 unpleasant4 ,! pleasure comes f ! inw>d rationality & movem5t ( ! fiction1 n f its inconsi/5cy ) any?+ else4 ,!re are a great _m topsy-turvy worlds possible to our fancy1 into :i* we l to drop at times4 ,we enjoy ! /imulation & ! %ak+ up ( our wits4 ,x is l gett+ into a new po/ure1 or he>+ a new song4 ,nons5se is good only because common s5se is s limit$4 ,= reason1 aft] all1 is "o conv5tion pick$ out ( a ?\s&4 ,we love expansion1 n disord]1 & :5 we atta9 fre$om )\t incongruity we h a mu* great] & a mu* pur] delight4 ,! excell5ce ( wit c disp5se ) absurdity4 ,= on ! same prosaic backgr\nd ( common s5se1 a novelty might h appe>$ t 0 n absurd1 t /imulat$ ! att5tion q z mu* z ! ridicul\s1 )\t s baffl+ ! intellig5ce4 ,?is pur] & m ?or\ghly delightful amusem5t comes f :at we call wit4 ,wit4 #fb4 ,wit also dep5ds ^u trans=mation & sub/itution ( ideas4 ,x has be5 said to consi/ 9 quick association by simil>ity4 ,! sub/itution mu/ "h be valid1 h[ev]1 & ! simil>ity real1 ?\gh un=ese54 ,unexpect$ ju/ness makes wit1 z sudd5 incongruity makes pleasant fooli%ness4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( wit to p5etrate into hidd5 dep?s ( ?+s1 to pick out !re "s tell+ circum/ance or relation1 by not+ :i* ! :ole object appe>s 9 a new & cle>] light4 ,wit (t5 seems malici\s because analysis 9 discov]+ common traits & univ]sal pr9ciples assimilates ?+s at ! poles ( be+2 x c apply to cook]y ! =mulas ( !ology1 & f9d 9 ! human he>t a case ( ! fulcrum & lev]4 ,we commonly keep ! dep>tm5ts ( exp]i5ce di/9ct2 we ?9k t diff]5t pr9ciples hold 9 ea* & t ! dignity ( _s is inconsi/5t ) ! explanation ( x by physical analogy1 & ! meanness ( matt] unwor?y ( be+ an illu/ration ( moral tru?s4 ,love mu/ n be class$ "u physical crav+s1 nor fai? "u hypnotization4 ,:51 !re=e1 an orig9al m9d ov]leaps ^! b\nd>ies1 & reca/s its categories1 mix+ up our old classifications1 we feel t ! values ( ?+s are also confus$4 ,b ^! dep5d$ ^u a deep] relation1 ^u _! response to human ne$s & aspirations4 ,all t c be *ang$ by ! ex]cise ( intellig5ce is our s5se ( ! unity & homog5eity ( ! _w4 ,we may come to hold an object ( ?\ght 9 less isolat$ respect1 & ano!r 9 less ha/y d]ision2 b ! pleasures we d]ive f all1 or our total happ9ess & wond]1 w h>dly be dim9i%$4 ,= ?is reason ! malici\s or de/ructive "* ( intellig5ce mu/ n be reg>d$ z fundam5tal4 ,wit belittles "o ?+ & dignifies ano!r2 & its comp>isons are z (t5 flatt]+ z ironical4 ,! same process ( m9d t we obs]v$ 9 wit gives rise to ^? effects we call *>m+1 brilliant1 or inspir$4 ,:5 ,%akespe>e says1 ,come & kiss me1 sweet & tw5ty1 ,y\?'s a /uff w n endure1 ! fancy ( ! phrase consi/s 9 a happy sub/itution1 a m]ry way ( say+ some?+ bo? true & t5d]4 ,& :]e c\ld we f9d a m exquisite *>m8 ,s1 to take a weighti] example1 :5 ,/4 ,augu/9e is made to say t pagan virtues 7 spl5did vices1 we h -- at lea/ if we cat* ! full mean+ -- a pung5t assimilation ( contr>y ?+s1 by =ce ( a p[]ful pr9ciple2 a triumph ( !ory1 ! boldness ( :i* c only be mat*$ by its consi/5cy4 ,9 fact1 a phrase c\ld n be m brilliant1 or bett] cond5se "o !ology & two civilizations4 ,! ,lat9 m9d is p>ticul>ly capable ( ?is sort ( excell5ce4 ,tacitus alone c\ld furni% a hundr$ examples4 ,x goes ) ! p[] ( satirical & bitt] eloqu5ce1 a sort ( scornful rud5ess ( intellig5ce1 t makes = ! core ( a passion or ( a "*1 & affixes to x a m or less sc&al\s label4 ,= 9 our analytical zeal x is (t5 possible to cond5se & ab/ract too mu*4 ,reality is m fluid & elusive ?an reason1 & has1 z x 71 m dim5sions ?an are kn[n ev5 to ! late/ geometry4 ,h5ce ! und]/&+1 :5 n suffus$ ) "s gl[ ( sympa!tic emotion or "s t\* ( my/icism1 gives b a dry1 crude image ( ! _w4 ,! quality ( wit inspires m admiration ?an confid5ce4 ,x is a m]it we %\ld miss little 9 any "o we love4 ,! same pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 c h m s5tim5tal embodim5ts4 ,:5 our sub/itutions are br\ght on by ! excitem5t ( g5]\s emotion1 we call wit inspiration4 ,!re is ! same f9d+ ( new analogies1 & lik5+ ( disp>ate ?+s2 !re is ! same trans=mation ( our app]ception4 ,b ! brilliancy is "h n only p5etrat+1 b also exalt+4 ,= in/ance3 ,peace1 peace1 he is n dead1 he do? n sleep1 ,he ha? awak5$ f ! dream ( life3 ',tis we t wrapp$ 9 /ormy visions keep ,) phantoms an unpr(itable /rife4 ,!re is "h p>adox1 & p>adox ju/ifi$ by reflection4 ,! poet analyzes1 & analyzes )\t res]ve4 ,! dream1 ! /orm1 ! phantoms1 & ! unpr(itabl5ess c\ld easily make a satirical picture4 ,b ! mood is transmut$2 ! m9d takes an upw>d flight1 ) a s5se ( lib]ation f ! conv5tion x dissolves1 & ( fre] motion 9 ! vagu5ess beyond4 ,! dis9tegration ( our ideal "h leads to my/icism1 & because ( ?is ef=t t[>ds transc5d5ce1 ! brilliancy becomes sublime4 ,hum\r4 #fc4 ,a diff]5t mood c give a diff]5t direction to ! same processes4 ,! sympa?y by :i* we reproduce ! feel+ ( ano!r1 is always v mu* oppos$ to ! ae/hetic attitude to :i* ! :ole _w is m]ely a /imulus to our s5sibility4 ,9 ! tragic1 we h se5 h[ ! sympa!tic feel+1 by :i* suff]+ is appreciat$ & %>$1 has to be ov]laid by _m incid5tal ae/hetic pleasures1 if ! result+ effect is to be on ! :ole good4 ,we h also se5 h[ ! only way 9 :i* ! ridicul\s c be kept )9 ! sph]e ( ! ae/hetically good is ab/ract+ x f its relations1 & treat+ x z an indep5d5t & curi\s /imulus2 we %\ld /op laugh+ & beg9 to be annoy$ if we tri$ to make s5se out ( our absurdity4 ,! less sympa?y we h ) m5 ! m exquisite is our enjoym5t ( _! folly3 satirical delight is closely ak9 to cruelty4 ,defect & mi%ap /imulate our fancy1 z blood & tortures excite 9 u ! passions ( ! bea/ ( prey4 ,! m ?is inhuman attitude yields to sympa?y & reason1 ! less are folly & error capable ( amus+ u4 ,x w\ld !re=e seem impossible t we %\ld be pleas$ by ! foibles or absurdities ( ^? we love4 ,& 9 fact we nev] enjoy see+ our own p]sons 9 a satirical light1 or any "o else = :om we really feel affection4 ,ev5 9 f>ces1 ! h]o & h]o9e are seldom made ridicul\s1 because t w\ld j> ^u ! sympa?y ) :i* we are expect$ to reg>d !m4 ,nev]!less1 ! ess5ce ( :at we call hum\r is t amus+ weaknesses %\ld be comb9$ ) an amicable humanity4 ,:e!r x be 9 ! way ( +5uity1 or oddity1 or droll]y1 ! humor\s p]son mu/ h an absurd side1 or be plac$ 9 an absurd situation4 ,yet ?is comic aspect1 at :i* we ought to w9ce1 seems to ende> ! "* all ! m4 ,?is is a p>allel case to t ( trag$y1 :]e ! dep? ( ! woe we sympa?ize ) seems to add to our satisfaction4 ,& ! explanation ( ! p>adox is ! same4 ,we d n enjoy ! expression ( evil1 b only ! pleasant excitem5ts t come ) x2 namely1 ! physical /imulus & ! expression ( good4 ,9 trag$y1 ! mis=tunes help to give ! impression ( tru?1 & to br+ out ! noble qualities ( ! h]o1 b are 9 !mselves depress+1 s mu* s t ov]-s5sitive p _c enjoy ! beauty ( ! repres5tation4 ,s also 9 hum\r1 ! pa9ful sugge/ions are felt z su*1 & ne$ to be ov]balanc$ by agreeable elem5ts4 ,^! come f bo? directions1 f ! ae/hetic & ! sympa!tic reaction4 ,on ! "o h& !re is ! s5su\s & m]ely p]ceptive /imulation1 ! novelty1 ! movem5t1 ! vivacity ( ! spectacle4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is ! luxury ( imag9ative sympa?y1 ! m5tal assimilation ( ano!r cong5ial exp]i5ce1 ! expansion into ano!r life4 ,! juxtaposition ( ^! two pleasures produces j t t5sion & complication 9 :i* ! humor\s consi/s4 ,we are satirical1 & we are fri5dly at ! same "t4 ,! consci\sness ( ! fri5d%ip gives a regretful & t5d] t\* to ! satire1 & ! /+ ( ! satire makes ! fri5d%ip a trifle humble & sad4 ,don ,quixote is mad2 he is old1 useless1 & ridicul\s1 b he is ! s\l ( hon\r1 & 9 all 8 laughable adv5tures we foll[ him l ! gho/ ( our bett] selves4 ,we enjoy 8 discomfitures too mu* to wi% he _h be5 a p]fect ,amadis2 & we h besides a %rewd suspicion t he is ! only k9d ( ,amadis !re c ev] be 9 ?is _w4 ,at ! same "t x does u good to see ! c\rage ( 8 idealism1 ! +5uity ( 8 wit1 & ! simplicity ( 8 goodness4 ,b h[ %all we reconcile our sympa?y ) 8 dream & our p]ception ( its absurdity8 ,! situation is contradictory4 ,we are drawn to "s diff]5t po9t ( view1 f :i* ! com$y may no long] seem s amus+4 ,z hum\r becomes deep & really diff]5t f satire1 x *anges into pa?os1 & passes out ( ! sph]e ( ! comic altoge!r4 ,! mis*ances t 7 to amuse u z sc(f]s n[ grieve u z m51 & ! value ( ! repres5tation dep5ds on ! t\*es ( beauty & s]i\sness ) :i* x is adorn$4 ,! grotesque4 #fd4 ,some?+ analog\s to hum\r c appe> 9 pla/ic =ms1 :5 we call x ! grotesque4 ,?is is an int]e/+ effect produc$ by su* a trans=mation ( an ideal type z exagg]ates "o ( its elem5ts or comb9es x ) o!r types4 ,! real excell5ce ( ?is1 l t ( all fiction1 consi/s 9 re-creation2 9 ! =mation ( a ?+ :i* nature has n1 b might conceivably h (f]$4 ,we call ^! inv5tions comic & grotesque :5 we are consid]+ _! div]g5ce f ! natural r ?an _! inw>d possibility4 ,b ! latt] con/itutes _! real *>m2 & ! m we /udy & develope !m1 ! bett] we und]/& x4 ,! incongruity ) ! conv5tional type ?an disappe>s1 & :at 0 impossible & ridicul\s at fir/ takes its place among recogniz$ ideals4 ,! c5taur & ! satyr are no long] grotesque2 ! type is accept$4 ,& ! grotesqu5ess ( an individual has ess5tially ! same nature4 ,if we l ! inw>d h>mony1 ! *>act]i/ic balance ( 8 features1 we are able to dis5gage ?is individual f ! class into :i* we 7 try+ to =ce him2 we c =get ! expectation :i* he 0 go+ to disappo9t4 ,! ugl9ess !n disappe>s1 & only ! reass]tion ( ! old habit & dem& c make u reg>d him z 9 any way extravagant4 ,:at appe>s z grotesque may be intr9sically inf]ior or sup]ior to ! normal4 ,t is a "q ( its ab/ract mat]ial & =m4 ,b until ! new object impresses its =m on our imag9ation1 s t we c grasp its unity & proportion1 x appe>s to u z a jumble & di/ortion ( o!r =ms4 ,if ?is confusion is absolute1 ! object is simply null2 x does n exi/ ae/hetically1 except by virtue ( mat]ials4 ,b if ! confusion is n absolute1 & we h an inkl+ ( ! unity & "* 9 ! mid/ ( ! /rang5ess ( ! =m1 !n we h ! grotesque4 ,x is ! half-=m$1 ! p]plex$1 & ! sugge/ively mon/r\s4 ,! analogy to ! comic is v close1 z we c readily conceive t x %\ld be4 ,9 ! comic we h ?is same juxtaposition ( a new & an old idea1 & if ! new is n futile & really inconceivable1 x may 9 "t e/abli% itself 9 ! m9d1 & cease to be ludicr\s4 ,good wit is novel tru?1 z ! good grotesque is novel beauty4 ,b !re are natural conditions ( organization1 & we mu/ n mi/ake e mutilation = ! creation ( a new =m4 ,! t5d5cy ( nature to e/abli% well-m>k$ species ( animals %[s :at v>i\s comb9ations are mo/ /able 9 ! face ( physical =ces1 & !re is a fitness also = survival 9 ! m9d1 :i* is det]m9$ by ! relation ( any =m to our fix$ me?od ( p]ception4 ,new ?+s are !re=e g5]ally bad because1 z has be5 well said1 !y are incapable ( becom+ old4 ,a ?\s& orig9alities are produc$ by defect ( faculty1 = "o t is produc$ by g5ius4 ,= 9 ! pursuit ( beauty1 z 9 t ( tru?1 an inf9ite numb] ( pa?s lead to failure1 & only "o to success4 ,! possibility ( f9ite p]fection4 #fe4 ,if ^! obs]vations h any accuracy1 !y confirm ?is important tru?1 -- t no ae/hetic value is really f\nd$ on ! exp]i5ce or ! sugge/ion ( evil4 ,?is conclusion w d\btless seem ! m int]e/+ if we ?9k ( its possible ext5sion to ! field ( e?ics & ( ! impli$ v9dication ( ! ideal ( moral p]fection z some?+ ess5tially def9able & atta9able4 ,b )\t insi/+ on an analogy to e?ics1 :i* might be mislead+1 we may ha/5 to /ate ! pr9ciple :i* em]ges f our analysis ( expression4 ,expressiv5ess may be f\nd 9 any "o ?+ t sugge/s ano!r1 or draws f association ) t o!r any ( its emotional col\r+4 ,!re may1 !re=e1 ( c\rse1 be an expressiv5ess ( evil2 b ?is expressiv5ess w n h any ae/hetic value4 ,! description or sugge/ion ( suff]+ may h a wor? z sci5ce or discipl9e1 b c nev] 9 itself enhance any beauty4 ,trag$y & com$y please 9 spite ( ?is expressiv5ess & n by virtue ( x2 & except = ! pleasures !y give1 !y h no place among ! f9e arts4 ,nor h !y1 9 su* a case1 any place 9 human life at all2 unless !y are in/rum5ts ( "s practical purpose & s]ve to prea* a moral1 or a*ieve a bad notoriety4 ,= ugly ?+s c attract att5tion1 al?\gh !y _c keep x2 & ! sc&al ( a new horror may secure a c]ta9 vulg> admiration :i* foll[s :atev] is mom5t>ily conspicu\s1 & :i* is atta9$ ev5 by crime4 ,su* admiration1 h[ev]1 has no?+ ae/hetic ab\t x1 & is only made possible by ! bluntness ( our s5se ( beauty4 ,! effect ( ! pa!tic & comic is !re=e nev] pure2 s9ce ! expression ( "s evil is mix$ up ) ^? elem5ts by :i* ! :ole appeals to u4 ,^! elem5ts we h se5 to be ! tru? ( ! pres5tation1 :i* involves ! pleasures ( recognition & compreh5sion1 ! beauty ( ! m$ium1 & ! concomitant expression ( ?+s intr9sically good4 ,to ^! s\rces all ! ae/hetic value ( comic & tragic is due2 & ! sympa!tic emotion :i* arises f ! spectacle ( evil mu/ nev] be all[$ to ov]p[] ^! pleasures ( contemplation1 else ! entire object becomes di/a/eful & loses its excuse = be+4 ,too exclusive a reli% = ! comic & pa!tic is accord+ly a sign ( bad ta/e & ( comp>ative ins5sibility to beauty4 ,?is situation has g5]ally be5 appreciat$ 9 ! practice ( ! arts1 :]e effect is p]petually /udi$2 b ! greate/ c>e has n always succe$$ 9 avoid+ ! dang]s ( ! pa!tic1 & hi/ory is full ( failures due to bomba/1 c>icature1 & unmitigat$ horror4 ,9 all ^! ! ef=t to be expressive has transgress$ ! conditions ( pleas+ effect4 ,= ! creative & imitative impulse is indiscrim9ate4 ,x does n consid] ! ev5tual beauty ( ! effect1 b only ! bl9d in/9ct ( self-expression4 ,h5ce an untra9$ & n naturally s5sitive m9d _c di/+ui% or produce any?+ good4 ,?is critical incapacity has always be5 a cause ( failure & a j gr\nd = ridicule2 b x rema9$ = "s ?9k]s ( our "t -- a "t ( little art & mu* undiscipl9$ production -- to erect ?is abuse into a pr9ciple & decl>e t ! ess5ce ( beauty is to express ! arti/ & n to delight ! _w4 ,b ! conditions ( effect1 & ! possibility ( pleas+1 are ! only crit]ion ( :at is capable & wor?y ( expression4 ,art exi/s & has value by its adaptation to ^! univ]sal conditions ( beauty4 ,no?+ b ! good ( life ent]s into ! texture ( ! beautiful4 ,:at *>ms u 9 ! comic1 :at /irs u 9 ! sublime & t\*es u 9 ! pa!tic1 is a glimpse ( "s good2 imp]fection has value only z an incipi5t p]fection4 ,c\ld ! lab\rs & suff]+s ( life be r$uc$1 & a bett] h>mony betwe5 man & nature be e/abli%$1 no?+ w\ld be lo/ to ! arts2 = ! pure & ultimate value ( ! comic is discov]y1 ( ! pa!tic1 love1 ( ! sublime1 exaltation2 & ^! w\ld /ill subsi/4 ,inde$1 !y w\ld all be increas$2 & x has ev] be51 accord+ly1 9 ! happie/ & mo/ prosp]\s mom5ts ( humanity1 :5 ! m9d & ! _w 7 knit into a brief embrace1 t natural beauty has be5 be/ p]ceiv$1 & art has won its triumphs4 ,b x sometimes happ5s1 9 mom5ts less propiti\s1 t ! s\l is subdu$ to :at x works 91 & loses its p[] ( idealization & hope4 ,by a pa!tic & sup]/iti\s self-depreciation1 we !n puni% ourselves = ! imp]fection ( nature4 ,aw$ by ! magnitude ( a reality t we c no long] conceive z free f evil1 we try to ass]t t its evil also is a good2 & we poison ! v ess5ce ( ! good to make its ext5sion univ]sal4 ,we confuse ! causal connexion ( ^? ?+s 9 nature :i* we call good or evil by an adv5titi\s d5om9ation ) ! logical opposition betwe5 good & evil !mselves2 because "o g5]ation makes room = ano!r1 we say dea? is necess>y to life2 & because ! causes ( sorr[ & joy are s m+l$ 9 ?is _w1 we _c conceive h[1 9 a bett] _w1 !y might be dis5tangl$4 ,?is incapacity ( ! imag9ation to recon/ruct ! conditions ( life & build ! frame ( ?+s ne>] to ! he>t's desire is dang]\s to a /eady loyalty to :at is noble & f9e4 ,we surr5d] ourselves to a k9d ( miscellane\s appreciation1 )\t /&>d or goal2 & call+ e vexati\s app>ition by ! "n ( beauty1 we become incapable ( discrim9at+ its excell5ce or feel+ its value4 ,we ne$ to cl>ify our ideals1 & enliv5 our vision ( p]fection4 ,no a!ism is s t]rible z ! abs5ce ( an ultimate ideal1 nor c\ld any failure ( p[] be m contr>y to human nature ?an ! failure ( moral imag9ation1 or m incompatible ) heal?y life4 ,= we h faculties1 & habits1 & impulses4 ,^! are ! basis ( our dem&s4 ,& ^! dem&s1 al?\gh v>iable1 con/itute an ev]-pres5t intr9sic /&>d ( value by :i* we feel & judge4 ,! ideal is imman5t 9 !m2 = ! ideal means t environm5t 9 :i* our faculties w\ld f9d _! free/ employm5t1 & _! mo/ cong5ial _w4 ,p]fection w\ld be no?+ b life "u ^? conditions4 ,accord+ly our consci\sness ( ! ideal becomes di/9ct 9 proportion z we advance 9 virtue & 9 proportion to ! vig\r & def9it5ess ) :i* our faculties "w4 ,:5 ! vital h>mony is complete1 :5 ! act is pure1 fai? 9 p]fection passes into vision4 ,t man is unhappy inde$1 :o 9 all 8 life has _h no glimpse ( p]fection1 :o 9 ! ec/asy ( love1 or 9 ! delight ( contemplation1 has nev] be5 able to say3 ,x is atta9$4 ,su* mom5ts ( inspiration are ! s\rce ( ! arts1 :i* h no high] function ?an to r5ew !m4 ,a "w ( art is inde$ a monum5t to su* a mom5t1 ! memorial to su* a vision2 & its *>m v>ies ) its p[] ( recall+ u f ! di/ractions ( common life to ! joy ( a m natural & p]fect activity4 ,! /ability ( ! ideal4 #ff4 ,! p]fection ?us reveal$ is relative to our nature & faculties2 if x 7 n1 x c\ld h no value = u4 ,x is reveal$ to u 9 brief mom5ts1 b x is n = t reason an un/able or fanta/ic ?+4 ,human att5tion inevitably flick]s2 we survey ?+s 9 succession1 & our acts ( syn!sis & our realization ( fact are only occasional4 ,?is is ! t5ure ( all our possessions2 we are n un9t]rupt$ly consci\s ( ourselves1 our physical environm5t1 our rul+ passions1 or our deepe/ conviction4 ,:at wond]1 !n1 t we are n con/antly consci\s ( t p]fection :i* is ! implicit ideal ( all our pref]5ces & desires8 ,we view x only 9 p>ts1 z passion or p]ception successively directs our att5tion to its v>i\s elem5ts4 ,"s ( u nev] try to conceive x 9 its totality4 ,yet our :ole life is an act ( wor%ip to ?is unkn[n div9ity2 e he>tfelt pray] is (f]$ be=e "o or ano!r ( its images4 ,?is ideal ( p]fection v>ies1 inde$1 b only ) ! v>iations ( our nature ( :i* x is ! c\nt]p>t & entele*y4 ,!re is p]haps no m frivol\s notion ?an t to :i* ,s*op5hau] has giv5 a new curr5cy1 t a good1 once atta9$1 loses all its value4 ,! in/ability ( our att5tion1 ! ne$ ( re/ & repair 9 our organs1 makes a r\nd ( objects necess>y to our m9ds2 b we turn f a beautiful ?+1 z f a tru? or a fri5d1 only to return incessantly1 & ) increas+ appreciation4 ,nor d we lose all ! b5efit ( our a*ievem5ts 9 ! int]vals betwe5 our vivid realizations ( :at we h ga9$4 ,! tone ( ! m9d is p]man5tly rais$2 & we live ) t g5]al s5se ( /eadfa/ness & res\rce :i* is p]haps ! k]nel ( happ9ess4 ,k1 affection1 religion1 & beauty are n less con/ant influ5ces 9 a man's life because 8 consci\sness ( !m is int]mitt5t4 ,ev5 :5 abs5t1 !y fill ! *amb]s ( ! m9d ) a k9d ( fragrance4 ,!y h a cont9ual efficacy1 z well z a p]5nial wor?4 ,!re are1 inde$1 o!r objects ( desire t if atta9$ leave no?+ b re/lessness & dissatisfaction beh9d !m4 ,^! are ! objects pursu$ by fools4 ,t su* objects ev] attract u is a pro( ( ! disorganization ( our nature1 :i* drives u 9 contr>y directions & is at w> ) itself4 ,if we _h atta9$ any?+ l /ead9ess ( ?\ght or fixity ( "*1 if we knew ourselves1 we %\ld "k also our inali5able satisfactions4 ,to say t all goods become wor?less 9 possession is ei!r a piece ( sup]ficial satire t int5tionally d5ies ! normal 9 ord] to make ! abnormal seem m %ock+1 or else x is a confession ( frivolity1 a confession t1 z an idiot nev] le>ns to di/+ui% reality amid ! phantasms ( 8 bra91 s we h nev] le>n$ to di/+ui% true goods amid our extravagances ( :im & passion4 ,t true goods exi/ is nev]!less a fact ( moral exp]i5ce4 ,a ?+ ( beauty is a joy = ev]2 a great affection1 a cle> ?\ght1 a pr(\nd & well-tri$ fai?1 are et]nal possessions4 ,& ?is is n m]ely a fact1 to be ass]t$ ^u ! au?ority ( ^? :o "k x by exp]i5ce4 ,x is a psy*ological necessity4 ,:ile we reta9 ! same s5ses1 we mu/ get ! same impressions f ! same objects2 :ile we keep our in/9cts & passions1 we mu/ pursue ! same goods2 :ile we h>e ! same p[]s ( imag9ation1 we mu/ exp]i5ce ! same delight 9 _! ex]cise4 ,age br+s ab\t1 ( c\rse1 v>iation 9 all ^! p>ticul>s1 & ! susceptibility ( two individuals is nev] exactly simil>4 ,b ! ev5tual decay ( our p]sonal en]gies does n de/roy ! natural value ( objects1 s long z ! same w embodies itself 9 o!r m9ds1 & human nature subsi/s 9 ! _w4 ,! sun is n n[ unreal because ea* "o ( u 9 succession1 & all ( u 9 ! end1 mu/ close our eyes ^u x2 & yet ! sun exi/s = u only because we p]ceive x4 ,! ideal has ! same conditions ( be+1 b has ?is advantage ov] ! sun1 t we _c "k if its light is ev] de/9$ to fail u4 ,!re is !n a broad f\ndation ( id5tity 9 our nature1 by virtue ( :i* we live 9 a common _w1 & h an art & a religion 9 common4 ,t ! ideal %\ld be con/ant )9 ^! limits is z inevitable z t x %\ld v>y beyond !m4 ,& s long z we exi/ & recognize ourselves individually z p]sons or collectively z human1 we mu/ recognize also our imman5t ideal1 ! realization ( :i* w\ld con/itute p]fection = u4 ,t ideal _c be de/roy$ except 9 proportion z we ourselves p]i%4 ,an absolute p]fection1 indep5d5t ( human nature & its v>iations1 may int]e/ ! metaphysician2 b ! arti/ & ! man w be satisfi$ ) a p]fection t is insep>able f ! consci\sness ( mank9d1 s9ce x is at once ! natural vision ( ! imag9ation1 & ! rational goal ( ! w4 ,conclusion4 #fg4 ,we h n[ /udi$ ! s5se ( beauty 9 :at seem to be its fundam5tal manife/ations1 & 9 "s ( ! m /rik+ complications :i* x und]goes4 ,9 survey+ s broad a field we /& 9 ne$ ( "s classification & subdivision2 & we h *os5 ! famili> "o ( matt]1 =m1 & expression1 z lea/ likely to lead u into ne$less artificiality4 ,b artificiality !re mu/ always be 9 ! discursive description ( any?+ giv5 9 consci\sness4 ,psy*ology attempts :at is p]haps impossible1 namely1 ! anatomy ( life4 ,m9d is a fluid2 ! lights & %ad[s t flick] ?r\gh x h no real b\nd>ies1 & no possibility ( p]man5ce4 ,our :ole classification ( m5tal facts is borr[$ f ! physical conditions or expressions ( !m4 ,! v s5ses are di/+ui%$ because ( ! read9ess ) :i* we c isolate _! out] organs4 ,ideas c be id5tifi$ only by id5tify+ _! objects4 ,feel+s are recogniz$ by _! out] expression1 & :5 we try to recall an emotion1 we mu/ d s by recall+ ! circum/ances 9 :i* x occurr$4 ,9 di/+ui%+1 !n1 9 our s5se ( beauty1 an appreciation ( s5sible mat]ial1 "o ( ab/ract =m1 & ano!r ( associat$ values1 we h be5 m]ely foll[+ ! e/abli%$ me?od ( psy*ology1 ! only "o by :i* x is possible to analyze ! m9d4 ,we h di/+ui%$ ! elem5ts ( ! object1 & treat$ ! feel+ z if x 7 compos$ ( correspond+ p>ts4 ,! worlds ( nature & fancy1 :i* are ! object ( ae/hetic feel+1 c be divid$ into p>ts 9 space & "t4 ,we c !n di/+ui% ! mat]ial ( ?+s f ! v>i\s =ms x may successively assume2 we c di/+ui%1 also1 ! e>li] & ! lat] impressions made by ! same object2 & we c asc]ta9 ! coexi/5ce ( "o impression ) ano!r1 or ) ! memory ( o!rs4 ,b ae/hetic feel+ itself has no p>ts1 & ?is physiology ( its causes is n a description ( its prop] nature4 ,beauty z we feel x is some?+ indescribable3 :at x is or :at x means c nev] be said4 ,by appeal+ to exp]im5t & memory we c %[ t ?is feel+ v>ies z c]ta9 ?+s v>y 9 ! objective conditions2 t x v>ies ) ! frequ5cy1 = in/ance1 ) :i* a =m has be5 pres5t$1 or ) ! associates :i* t =m has _h 9 ! pa/4 ,?is w ju/ify a description ( ! feel+ z compos$ ( ! v>i\s contributions ( ^! objects4 ,b ! feel+ itself kn[s no?+ ( composition nor contributions4 ,x is an affection ( ! s\l1 a consci\sness ( joy & security1 a pang1 a dream1 a pure pleasure4 ,x suffuses an object )\t tell+ :y2 nor has x any ne$ to ask ! "q4 ,x ju/ifies itself & ! vision x gilds2 nor is !re any mean+ 9 seek+ = a cause ( x1 9 ?is inw>d s5se4 ,beauty exi/s = ! same reason t ! object :i* is beautiful exi/s1 or ! _w 9 :i* t object lies1 or we t look ^u bo?4 ,x is an exp]i5ce3 !re is no?+ m to say ab\t x4 ,inde$1 if we look at ?+s teleologically1 & z !y ultimately ju/ify !mselves to ! he>t1 beauty is ( all ?+s :at lea/ calls = explanation4 ,= matt] & space & "t & pr9ciples ( reason & ( evolution1 all are ultimately brute1 unacc\ntable data4 ,we may describe :at actually is1 b x might h be5 o!rwise1 & ! my/]y ( its be+ is z baffl+ & d>k z ev]4 ,b we1 -- ! m9ds t ask all que/ions & judge ( ! validity ( all answ]s1 -- we are n ourselves indep5d5t ( ?is _w 9 :i* we live4 ,we sprang f x1 & our relations 9 x det]m9e all our in/9cts & satisfactions4 ,?is f9al que/ion+ & s5se ( my/]y is an unsatisfi$ crav+ :i* nature has h] way ( /ill+4 ,n[ we only ask = reasons :5 we are surpris$4 ,if we _h no expectations we %\ld h no surprises4 ,& :at gives u expectation is ! spontane\s direction ( our ?\ght1 det]m9$ by ! /ructure ( our bra9 & ! effects ( our exp]i5ce4 ,if our spontane\s ?\ghts came to run 9 h>mony ) ! c\rse ( nature1 if our expectations 7 !n cont9ually fulfill$1 ! s5se ( my/]y w\ld vani%4 ,we %\ld be incapable ( ask+ :y ! _w exi/$ or _h su* a nature1 j z we are n[ little incl9$ to ask :y any?+ is "r1 b mightily dis9cl9$ to give up ask+ :y any?+ is wrong4 ,?is satisfaction ( our reason1 due to ! h>mony betwe5 our nature & our exp]i5ce1 is p>tially realiz$ already4 ,! s5se ( beauty is its realization4 ,:5 our s5ses & imag9ation f9d :at !y crave1 :5 ! _w s %apes itself or s m\lds ! m9d t ! correspond5ce betwe5 !m is p]fect1 !n p]ception is pleasure1 & exi/5ce ne$s no apology4 ,! duality :i* is ! condition ( conflict disappe>s4 ,!re is no inw>d /&>d diff]5t f ! outw>d fact ) :i* t outw>d fact may be comp>$4 ,a unification ( ?is k9d is ! goal ( our intellig5ce & ( our affection1 q z mu* z ( our ae/hetic s5se2 b we h 9 ^? dep>tm5ts few] examples ( success4 ,9 ! heat ( speculation or ( love !re may come mom5ts ( equal p]fection1 b !y are un/able4 ,! reason & ! he>t rema9 deeply unsatisfi$4 ,b ! eye f9ds 9 nature1 & 9 "s supreme a*ievem5ts ( art1 con/ant & full] satisfaction4 ,= ! eye is quick1 & seems to h be5 m docile to ! education ( life ?an ! he>t or ! reason ( man1 & able soon] to adapt itself to ! reality4 ,beauty !re=e seems to be ! cle>e/ manife/ation ( p]fection1 & ! be/ evid5ce ( its possibility4 ,if p]fection is1 z x %\ld be1 ! ultimate ju/ification ( be+1 we may und]/& ! gr\nd ( ! moral dignity ( beauty4 ,beauty is a pl$ge ( ! possible con=mity betwe5 ! s\l & nature1 & consequ5tly a gr\nd ( fai? 9 ! supremacy ( ! good4 ,,footnotes #a ,s*op5hau]1 inde$1 :o makes mu* ( x1 0 a good critic1 b 8 psy*ology suff]$ mu* f ! pessimi/ic g5]alities ( 8 sy/em4 ,x conc]n$ him to %[ t ! w 0 bad1 &1 z he felt beauty to be a good if n a holy ?+1 he ha/5$ to conv9ce himself t x came f ! suppression ( ! w4 ,b ev5 9 8 sy/em ?is suppression is only relative4 ,! desire ( individual objects1 inde$1 is abs5t 9 ! p]ception ( beauty1 b !re is /ill pres5t t initial love ( ! g5]al type & pr9ciples ( ?+s :i* is ! fir/ illusion ( ! absolute1 & drives x on to ! fatal exp]im5t ( creation4 ,s t1 ap>t f ,s*op5hau]'s my?ology1 we h ev5 9 him ! recognition t beauty gives satisfaction to "s dim & und]ly+ dem& ( our nature1 j z p>ticul> objects give m special & mom5t>y pleasures to our individualiz$ wills4 ,8 psy*ology 01 h[ev]1 f> too vague & g5]al to und]take an analysis ( ^? my/]i\s feel+s4 #b ,cf4 ,/5dhal1 ,de ,l',am\r1 passim4 #c ,?is is n ! place to ent] into a discussion ( ! metaphysical value ( ! idea ( space4 ,suffice x to po9t out t 9 human exp]i5ce s]viceable k ( our environm5t is to be _h only 9 spatial symbols1 &1 = :atev] reason or accid5t1 ?is is ! language :i* ! m9d mu/ speak if x is to advance 9 cle>ness & effici5cy4 #d ,! discussion is limit$ 9 ?is *apt] to visible =m1 audible =m is probably capable ( a p>allel treatm5t1 b requires /udies too te*nical = ?is place4 #e ,! relation to /ability also makes u s5sitive to c]ta9 k9ds ( symmetry2 b ?is is an adv5titi\s consid]ation ) :i* we are n conc]n$4 #f ,cf4 ,fe*n]1 ,vors*ule d] ,ae/hetik1 ,er/] ,!il1 ,s4 #gc1 a passage by :i* ! foll[+ classification ( =ms 0 fir/ sugge/$4 #g ,see ,introduction1 p4 #ab4 #h ,! cont5tion ( ,burke t ! beautiful is small is due to an arbitr>y def9ition4 ,by beautiful he means pretty & *>m+2 agreeable z oppos$ to impressive4 ,he only exagg]ates ! !n usual opposition ( ! beautiful to ! sublime4 #i ,:5 we speak ( ?+s def9ite 9 !mselves1 we ( c\rse mean ?+s made def9ite by "s human act ( def9ition4 ,! s5ses are in/rum5ts t def9e & diff]5tiate s5sation2 & ! result ( "o op]ation is t def9ite object ^u :i* ! next op]ation is p]=m$4 ,! memory1 = example1 classifies 9 "t :at ! s5ses may h classifi$ 9 space4 ,we are n[h]e conc]n$ ) objects o!r ?an objects ( human exp]i5ce1 & ! epi!ts1 def9ite & indef9ite1 ref] necess>ily to _! relation to our v>i\s categories ( p]ception & compreh5sion4 #aj ,9 ! ,aeg9a m>bles ! w\nd$ & dy+ w>riors /ill we> ?is ,buddha-l expression3 _! bodies1 al?\gh conv5tional1 %[ a great progress 9 obs]vation1 comp>$ ) ! impossible ,a!na 9 ! c5tre ) h] sacr$ feet 9 ,egyptian pr(ile & h] owl-l visage4 #aa ,symposium ( ,x5ophon1 ,v4 #ab ,x is a sup]/ition to suppose t a ref9$ ta/e w\ld necess>ily f9d ! actual & useful to be ! p]fect2 to conceal /ructure is z legitimate z to emphasize x1 & = ! "n reason4 ,we emphasize 9 ! direction ( ab/ract beauty1 9 ! direction ( absolute pleasure2 & we conceal or elim9ate 9 ! same direction4 ,! mo/ exquisite ,greek ta/e1 = in/ance1 pref]r$ to drape ! l[] "p ( ! female figure1 z 9 ! ,v5us ( ,milo2 also 9 m5 to %ave ! hair ( ! face & body1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! purity & /r5g? ( ! l9es4 ,9 ! "o case we conceal /ructure1 9 ! o!r we reveal x1 modify+ nature into great] sympa?y ) our faculties ( p]ception4 ,=1 aft] all1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t beauty1 or pleasure to be giv5 to ! eye1 is n a guid+ pr9ciple 9 ! _w ( nature or 9 t ( ! practical arts4 ,! beauty is 9 nature a result ( ! functional adaptation ( our s5ses & imag9ation to ! me*anical products ( our environm5t4 ,?is adaptation is nev] complete1 & !re is1 accord+ly1 room = ! f9e arts1 9 :i* beauty is a result ( ! int5tional adaptation ( me*anical =ms to ! functions :i* our s5ses & imag9ation already h acquir$4 ,?is wat*ful subs]vi5ce to our ae/hetic dem&s is ! ess5ce ( f9e art4 ,nature is ! basis1 b man is ! goal4 #ac ,n only are words untranslatable :5 ! exact object has no "n 9 ano!r language1 z home or mon ami1 b ev5 :5 ! object is ! same1 ! attitude t[>d x1 incorporat$ 9 "o ^w1 _c be r5d]$ by ano!r4 ,?us1 to my s5se1 bread is z inadequate a translation ( ! human int5sity ( ! ,spani% pan z ,dios is ( ! awful my/]y ( ! ,engli% ,god4 ,?is latt] ^w does n designate an object at all1 b a s5tim5t1 a psy*osis1 n to say a :ole *apt] ( religi\s hi/ory4 ,engli% is rem>kable = ! int5sity & v>iety ( ! col\r ( its words4 ,no language1 ,i believe1 has s _m words specifically poetic4 #ad ,curi\sly en\gh1 common spee* "h rev]ses our use ( t]ms1 because x looks at ! matt] f ! practical in/ead ( f ! ae/hetic po9t ( view1 reg>d+ 7v unpsy*ologically7 ! ?\ght z ! s\rce ( ! image1 n ! image z ! s\rce ( ! ?\ght4 ,p call ! words ! expression ( ! ?\ght3 :]eas = ! obs]v]1 ! he>] 7& g5]ally = ! speak]1 too71 ! words are ! datum & ! ?\ght is _! expressiv5ess -- t :i* !y sugge/4 ,,index ,a*illes1 #agi1 #ahg4 ,ae/hetic feel+1 its importance1 #a4 speculation1 causes ( its neglect1 #b4 !ory1 its uses1 #f1 #g4 ,ae/hetics1 ,use ( ! ^w1 #ae4 ,angels1 #ee1 #ahb4 ,app]ception1 #if et seq4 ,arabic inscriptions z ornam5t1 #aie4 ,ar*itecture1 ,effects ( ,go?ic1 #afe1 #aff4 gov]n$ by use1 #afa1 #afb4 ,ari/otelian =ms1 #aef4 ,ari/otle1 #agd1 #age1 #bhh4 ,associative process1 #aih et seq4 ,augu/9e1 ,sa9t1 quot$1 #beb4 ,beauty a value1 #ad et seq4 z felt is indescribable1 #bfg1 #bfh4 a ju/ification ( ?+s1 #bfh1 #bfi4 def9$1 #di et seq4 v]bal def9itions quot$1 #ad4 ,bee?ov51 #dc4 ,brea?+ relat$ to ! s5se ( beauty1 #ef4 ,burke1 #abd1 note4 ,byron1 quot$1 #acf4 ,byzant9e ar*itecture1 #ajh1 #aji4 ,cald]on1 #agd4 ,c5taurs1 #ahc1 #bef4 ,"* z an ae/hetic =m1 #agf et seq4 ,*>act]s1 ,ideal1 #ahj et seq4 ,*>les ,v4's palace at ! ,alhambra1 #dd4 ,*ri/1 ! v>i\s ideas ( 8 nature1 #ahi4 ,circle1 its ae/hetic quality1 #hi4 ,classicism1 ,fr5* & ,engli%1 #aji4 ,colonnades1 #ajh4 ,col\r1 #gb et seq4 its analogy to o!r s5sations1 #gd1 #ge4 possibility ( an ab/ract art ( col\r1 #ge4 ,comic1 ,!1 #bde et seq4 ,consci5ce1 its repres5tative "*1 #cc1 #cd4 ,co/ z an elem5t ( effect1 #baa et seq4 ,c\plet1 ,!1 #ajh4 ,criticism1 ,use ( ! ^w1 #ae4 ,def9ite & indef9ite1 mean+ ( ! t]ms1 #ach1 note4 ,degradation n :at pleases 9 ! comic1 #bdg et seq4 ,democracy1 ae/hetics ( x1 #aji ,desc>tes1 #af1 #ahc4 ,dis9t]e/$ness n ! diff]5tia ( ae/hetic pleasure1 #cg et seq4 ,don ,quixote1 #agi1 #bee4 ,economy & fitness1 #bad et seq4 ,em]son1 #add4 ,epicurean e/hetics1 #aj1 #aa4 sublime1 ,!1 #bda1 #bdc4 ,escurial1 ,!1 #ie1 #baj4 ,e?os1 #agd1 #age4 ,evil1 life )\t x ae/hetic1 #bi1 #cj4 9 ! second t]m ( expression1 #bba et seq4 conv5tional use ( ! ^w1 #bbc4 an occasion ( ! sublime1 #bce et seq4 exclud$ f ! beautiful1 #bfj1 #bfa4 ,evolution1 its possible t5d5cy to elim9ate imag9ation1 #bf ,exclusiv5ess a sign ( ae/hetic vig\r1 #dd4 ,exp]i5ce sup]ior to !ory 9 ae/hetics1 #aa1 #ab4 ,expression def9$1 #aib et seq4 ( feel+ 9 ano!r1 #bjb1 #bjc4 ( practical values1 #bjh et seq4 ,expressiv5ess1 ,use ( ! ^w1 #aig4 ,fe*n]1 #ig4 ,=m1 ,!re is a beauty (1 #hb et seq4 ! unity ( a manifold1 #ie et seq4 ,functions ( ! m9d may all contribute to ! s5se ( beauty1 #ec et seq4 ,geometrical figures1 #hh et seq4 ,god1 ! idea ( him 9 tradition & 9 metaphysics1 #ahh1 #ahi4 ,gods1 developm5t ( _! ideal *>act]s1 #ahe et seq4 ,goe!1 #i1 #agj1 #agi4 ,gramm>1 its analogy to metaphysics1 #afi4 ,gret*51 #agi4 ,grotesque1 ,!1 #bef et seq4 ,hamlet1 #agi4 ,happ9ess & ae/hetic int]e/1 #fc1 #fe4 ,heal? a condition ( ae/hetic life1 #ed4 ,h$onism oppos$ by ! moral s5se1 #bc1 #bd4 ,hi/ory an imag9ative ?+1 #ada1 #adb4 ,home z a social & z an ae/hetic idea1 #fd4 ,hom]1 #aga4 8 ae/hetic quality1 #bje1 #bjf4 8 epi!ts1 #agi4 ,horace1 quot$1 #agb4 ,hum\r1 #bec et seq4 ,ideals are modifi$ av]ages1 #aba et seq4 imman5t 9 human nature1 #bfb4 /able1 #bfc et seq4 ,imag9ation has a univ]sal creative function1 #aij1 #aia4 & s5se alt]nately active1 #ee1 #ef4 ,impression di/+ui%$ f expression1 #hd1 #he4 ,impressionism 9 pa9t+1 #acd1 #acf4 incongruity n :at pleases 9 ! comic1 #bdg et seq4 ,indet]m9ate organizational et seq4 ,inf9ite beauty1 ! idea impossible1 #adh et seq4 ,inspiration1 #beb1 #bec4 ,kalokaga?ia1 #ca4 ,kant1 #aje4 ,keats1 quot$1 #fg1 #aje1 #aha1 #bfd4 ,k+ ,le>1 #bbi4 ,kipl+1 ,r41 quot$1 #fh4 ,l&scape1 #acc et seq4 ) figures1 #ace1 #acf4 ,lib]ation ( self1 #bcc et seq4 ,love1 influ5ce ( ! passion1 #ef et seq4 ,l[ell1 ,j4 ,r41 quot$1 #adh4 ,l[] s5ses1 #fe et seq4 ,lucretius1 quot$1 #agb4 on ! sublime1 #bcf4 ,maps1 #bji1 #baj4 ,mat]ial beauty mo/ easily appreciat$1 #gh et seq4 its effect ! fundam5tal "o1 #gh4 ,mat]ials ( beauty survey$1 #gf et seq4 ,me?ods 9 ae/hetics1 #e4 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 #ahb4 ,mis]'s fallacy1 its p>allel 9 morals & ae/hetics1 #ca1 #cb4 ,mod]n languages inf]ior to ! anci5t1 #agc1 #agd4 ,molire1 #agd2 quot$1 #bj4 ,mon>*y1 its imag9ative value1 #cd1 #ce4 ,moral & ae/hetic values1 #bc et seq4 ! au?ority ( morals ov] ae/hetics1 #bah et seq4 ,morality & utility jeal\s ( art1 #baf1 #bag4 ,multiplicity 9 uni=mity1 #ig et seq4 its defects1 #ajf et seq4 ,musset1 ,alfr$ de1 quot$1 #agj1 #bbf4 ,my/icism 9 ae/hetics1 #abf et seq4 ,naturalism1 ! gr\nd ( its value1 #ba4 ,nature1 its organization ! s\rce ( app]ceptive =ms1 #aeb et seq4 ! love ( x among ! anci5ts1 #acg1 #ach4 ,new ,york1 ! plan ( ! /reets1 #ie4 ,n\ns1 idea ( a language )\t !m1 #aga4 ,objectification ! diff]5tia ( ae/hetic pleasure1 #dd et seq4 ,ornam5t & =m1 #fc et seq4 ,o!llo1 #bcg4 ,ovid1 quot$1 #adi4 ,pan!ism1 its contradictions1 #bdb1 #bdc4 ,p]ception1 ! psy*ological !ory ( x1 #de et seq4 ,p]fection1 illusion ( inf9ite1 #adf et seq4 possibility ( f9ite1 #beh et seq4 ,physical pleasure di/+ui%$ f ae/hetic1 #ce et seq4 ,physiology ( ! p]ception ( =m1 #he et seq4 ,picturesqu5ess contra/$ ) symmetry1 #ib4 ,platonic ideas useless 9 expla9+ types1 #aag1 #aah4 ,platonic intuitions1 _! nature & value1 #h et seq4 ,platoni/s1 #aei4 ,plot1 ,!1 #agd et seq4 ,pref]5ce ultimately irrational1 #ah et seq4 necess>y to value1 #ag1 #ah4 ,pr9ciples consecrat$ ae/hetically1 #ca et seq4 ,purity1 ,! ae/hetic pr9ciple (1 #gj et seq4 ,rationality1 ! s\rce ( its value1 #ai1 #bj4 ,religi\s *>act]s1 _! tru?1 #ahh4 imag9ation1 #ahe et seq4 ,rhyme1 #agc1 #agd4 ,romanticism1 #aej4 ,s*op5hau]1 #bfc4 criticis$1 #cg1 note1 on music1 #fi4 ,sci5tific attitude 9 criticism oppos$ to ! ae/hetic1 #bj1 #ba4 ,sculpture1 its developm5t1 #aec1 #aed4 ,self n a prim>y object ( int]e/1 #ci1 #dj4 ,s5su\s beauty ( fundam5tal importance1 #hj1 #ha4 ,sex1 its relation to ae/hetic life1 #ef et seq4 ,%akespe>e1 #aea1 #agd1 #age2 quot$1 #ea1 #aad1 #bbi1 #bcg1 #bea4 ,%elley quot$1 #ab1 #bdd1 #bec4 ,sight1 its primacy 9 p]ception1 #gc1 #gd4 ,size relat$ to beauty1 #abc1 #abd4 ,sky1 ,!1 its expressiv5ess1 #h4 ,social int]e/s & _! ae/hetic influ5ce1 #fb et seq4 ,socrates1 8 utilit>ian ae/hetics1 #aeg4 ,sonnet1 ,!1 #agc4 ,s\nd1 #fh et seq4 ,space1 its metaphysical value1 #ff1 note4 ,/>s1 ! effect analyz$1 #ajj et seq4 ,/5dhal1 #fa4 ,/oic ,sublime1 ,!1 #bda4 ,/raight l9es1 #hi1 #ij4 ,subjectivity ( ae/hetic values1 #c1d4 ,sublime1 ,!1 its indep5d5ce ( ! expression ( evil1 #bci et seq4 ,sublimity1 #bcc et seq4 ,syb>is1 #baf4 ,symboli/s1 #add4 ,symmetry1 #ia et seq4 a pr9ciple ( individuation1 #ic4 limits ( its application1 #ie4 ,syntactical =m1 #aga et seq4 ,tacitus1 #agc1 #beb4 ,t]ms1 ! fir/ & second t]ms 9 expression def9$1 #aie4 influ5ce ( ! fir/ t]m 9 ! pleas+ expression ( evil1 #bbf et seq4 ,!ory a me?od ( app]ception1 #ach et seq4 ,trag$y mitigat$ by beauty ( =m & ! expression ( good1 #bbh1 #bbi4 mitigat$ by ! div]sity ( evils1 #bbi4 mix$ ) com$y1 #bbd1 #bbe1 #bbh4 consi/s 9 treatm5t n 9 subject1 #bbd4 ,translation necess>ily inadequate1 #afh4 ,tru?1 gr\nds ( its value1 #bb1 #bc4 ,tru?1 mixture ( ! expression ( tru? ) t ( evil1 #bbh et seq4 ,types1 _! orig91 #aaf et seq4 _! value & t ( examples1 #aab et seq4 ,ugly1 ,!1 n a cause ( pa91 #be4 ,univ]sality n ! diff]5tia ( ae/hetic pleasure1 #dj et seq4 ,utility ! pr9ciple ( organization 9 nature1 #aee et seq4 its relation to beauty1 #aeg et seq4 ! pr9ciple ( organization 9 ! arts1 #afj et seq4 ,value1 ae/hetic value 9 ! second t]m ( expression1 #bje et seq4 all 9 "o s5se ae/hetic1 #bh et seq4 physical1 practical1 & negative trans=m$ into ae/hetic1 #bja et seq4 ,v5us ( ,milo1 #afe1 note4 ,virg9 ,m>y1 ,!1 #ahi1 #aij4 ,:itman1 #aab4 ,wit1 #bej et seq4 ,words1 #afg et seq4 ,wordswor? quot$1 #aje4 ,"w & play1 #be et seq4 ,x5ophon quot$1 #abc4 8 ,symposium1 #aeg4