,,mak+ ,a                               
,,fireplace                             
,by ,,h5ry ,h4 ,,saylor                 
,,au?or ,,(                  ,,bungal[s1
 ,,mak+ ,a ,,rose ,,g>d51 ,,etc4        
,illu/ration                            
,,new ,,york                            
,mc,b,r,i,d,e1 ,,na/  ,,company         
#aiac                                   
,copyright1 #aiac1 by                   
,,mcbride1 ,,na/  ,,co4                 
,publi%$1 ,janu>y1 #aiac                
,illu/ration3 ,! fireplace ( long ago1  
made l>ge en\gh to     accommodate mo/ (
 ! kit*5's pots & pans beside ! fire    
,,cont5ts                               
,,page   ,,introduction                 
#a    ,,con/ruction                     
#g    ,,miscellane\s ,,odd ,,=ms        
#bb    ,,fac+s ,,& ,,mantels            
#be    ,,m5d+ ,,poor ,,fireplaces       
#ca    ,,fireplace ,,accessories        
#cf    ,,build+ ,,! ,,fire              
#de                                ,,!  
,,illu/rations     ,,! ,,fireplace ,,(  

,,long ,,ago                            
,frontispiece                           
,,fac+ ,,page   ,,an ,,engli% ,,basket  
,,grate ,,9 ,,brass                     
#d    ,a ,,mod]n ,,engli% ,,fire ,,corn]
 ,,9 ,,contra/+ ,,tiles      #d    ,,an 
,,+l5ook ,,) ,,/one ,,he>?              
#bb    ,,ca5 ,,/one ,,mantel ,,= ,,!    
,,=mal ,,type                 #bf       
,,an ,,in=mal ,,fireplace ,,9 ,,field   
,,/one                  #cj    ,,!      
,,mod]n ,,colonial ,,type ,,) ,,brick   
,,fac+ ,,&   ,,:ite ,,wood ,,mantel     
#ch    ,a ,,craftsman ,,type ,,9 ,,brick
 ,,) ,,copp] ,,hood            #df    ,a
 ,,recess$ ,,fireplace ,,9 ,,brick ,,&  
,,r\gh ,,pla/]       #ej                
,,introduction   ,9 a book ( ?is k9d !re
 is no p>ticul> ne$ = dwell+ at l5g? on 
! desirability ( hav+ a fireplace4 ,t w 
be tak5 = grant$4 ,x is en\gh to say t 9
 ^! days a home c sc>cely be consid]$   
wor?y ( ! "n if x does n conta9 at lea/ 
"o he>?4 ,!re is "s inexplicable quality
 9 a wood fire t ex]ts almo/ a hypnotic 

influ5ce ^u ^? :o eag]ly ga!r ab\t x4 ,!
 smold]+ gl[ ( ! logs induces a calm &  
introspective mood t bani%es all !      
trivialities & di/ractions ( ! day's "w 
& gives "o an opportunity to repl5i% 8  
/ore ( en]gy = ! com+ day4  ,! op5 fire1
 unlike mo/ ( ! com=ts t we dem& 9 a    
mod]n home1 has be5 associat$ ) ! race z
 f> back almo/ z ! home itself4 ,at     
fir/1 ( c\rse1 x 0 z a necessity & !    
developm5t f t to a luxury has be5 an   
exce$+ly sl[ "o ext5d+ ov] ! ye>s d[n to
 ! pres5t "t4  ,!re are two =ms ( ! op5 
fire--a possible ?ird "o1 ! gas log1 be+
 a subject on :i* ! less said ! bett]4  
,we h1 !re=e1 a *oice betwe5 ! op5      
fireplace design$ = wood & ! basket     
grate 9 :i* to burn coal1 pref]ably     
cannel coal4 ,?is latt] fuel is n ne>ly 
s well kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry z 9 ,engl& :]e 
! sc>city ( wood necess>ily makes coal !
 m commonly us$ fuel4 ,) our own        
abundance ( wood1 h[ev]1 !re w p]haps be
 little hesitancy 9 *oos+ ! op5         
fireplace r ?an ! basket grate = coal1  

al?\gh 9 c]ta9 cases1 = example an      
ap>tm5t :]e ! flue has be5 built too    
small1 or 9 a h\se :]e an available     
*imney (f]s only a small flue area =    
fireplace use1 ! basket grate w prove a 
welcome solution ( ! problem4 ,( c\rse  
!re is no excuse :atev] = build+ a mod]n
 home ) a *imney too small = ! sort (   
fireplace y want1 b :]e ! *imney has    
already be5 built )\t ?is provision x   
may possibly be f\nd t a small t]ra     
cotta flue l9+ may be ins]t$ 9 ! l>g]   
flue )\t s]i\sly damag+ ! latt]'s p[] ( 
draft4 ,9 t ev5t ! addition ( a basket  
grate fireplace to an old h\se w\ld be  
an int]e/+ possibility4  ,h[ev] fully we
 may appreciate ! desirability ( "s sort
 ( fireplace1 !re seems to be a r       
widespread impression t ! atta9m5t is   
l>gely a matt] ( *ance4 ,too _m         
home-build]s h in/ruct$ _! ar*itects to 
provide a fireplace or two 9 ! fond hope
 t ! matt] 0 !n practically clos$--a m]e
 matt] ( "t until !y might be sitt+ be=e
 ! fire's *e]ful gl[4 ,too frequ5tly !  

result has be5 a disappo9tm5t :5 ! fir/ 
few trials introduc$ into ! room m smoke
 ?an heat or *e]4 ,! reason = ?is is t  
!re is a sci5tific basis = fireplace    
build+ :i* is frequ5tly ignor$          
absolutely by an ov]-confid5t & /upid   
mason4 ,:]e ! "w ( build+ ! home has be5
 entru/$ to an ar*itect's h&s ! latt]   
usually appreciates ! fact t ! build+ ( 
! fireplaces is liable m ?an any o!r "p 
( ! h\se to be tak5 into ! mason's own  
h&s )1 if he is n wat*$1 disa/r\s       
results4 ,und\bt$ly e mason w\ld res5t  
mo/ /rongly any ins9uation z to 8 lack (
 k reg>d+ fireplace con/ruction4 ,ea*   
mason n only ?9ks t he kn[s h[ a        
fireplace %\ld be built1 b x is almo/ z 
g5]al a rule t he feels t 8 p>ticul>    
me?od is ! only correct "o4             
,illu/ration3 ,"o ( ! be/ =ms ( ! basket
 grate 9     brass4 ,! splay$ sides s5d 
out m heat      ,illu/ration3 ,a mod]n  
,engli% fire corn]4 ,fac+ & he>?     h  
be5 work$ out 9 a r />tl+ contra/ (     
tiles   ,9 view ( ?is x might be well = 

any man build+ 8 own home to give "s    
att5tion to ! matt] ( 8 fireplaces1 to  
insi/ on kn[+ h[ !y are design$ & to    
foll[ _! con/ruction ?r\gh\t s t !re is 
no *ance = a blund]2 & ?is *ance is n s 
slight z might be suppos$4 ,9 a h\se 9  
:i* ! au?or _h c>efully %[n e detail (  
con/ruction 9 ! draw+s1 x 0 f\nd :5 !   
build+ 0 ne>ly complet$ t ! ca/-iron    
?roat flues1 :i* ord9>ily prev5t any    
possible mi/ake ( con/ruction on !      
mason's "p1 _h be5 put 9 rev]s$ & x 0   
necess>y to te> d[n ! :ole face ( !     
*imney brea/ 9 ea* case to replace !m   
prop]ly4  ,! matt] ( con/ruction is n at
 all a complicat$ affair1 z ! next *apt]
 w aim to %[4                           
,,con/ruction   ,! *ief difficulty 9    
atta9+ a successful fireplace design    
does n lie 9 secur+ an abundant draft4  
,9 fact x is an easy matt] to make a    
fireplace draw if ! flue is l>ge en\gh &
 ! op5+ f ! fire *amb] into ! flue      
unob/ruct$4 ,!re w nev] be any "q (     
gett+ a ro>+ blaze ! mom5t ! fire is    

light$4  ,?is is1 9 a way1 ! type (     
fireplace t our ,colonial ance/ors      
built--great cav]n\s op5+s & g5]\s      
flues1 ) ! result t ! m wood 0 pil$ ^u !
 blaze ! m !y bli/]$ _! toes & at ! same
 "t *ill$ _! backs4 ,= x is evid5t t :5 
we secure su* a /rong1 unob/ruct$ curr5t
 ( hot air up ! *imney1 en\gh cool air  
to take its place mu/ be drawn into !   
room ?r\gh e op5+ & crevice4 ,! result  
is a mighty draft t ru%es pa/ ^?        
un=tunate en\gh to be sitt+ ab\t ! fire 
& c>ries rapidly up ! *imney almo/ all (
 ! heat ( combu/ion4  ,9 ! fireplace (  
our ,colonial ance/ors probably n9ety p]
 c5t4 ( ! heat 0 entirely lo/1 be+ c>ri$
 up ! *imney4 ,h[ev]1 cord wood 0 !n to 
be _h = ! cutt+4  ,we want a diff]5t    
sort ( a fire 9 ^! days--"o t w burn ) a
 /eady1 con/ant blaze or gl[1 cons]v+   
mo/ ( its heat1 :i* ! back & sides ( !  
fire *amb] w reflect out into ! room4   
,su* a fireplace w n necess>ily be a    
l>ge "o4 ,x is amus+ to he> h[          
univ]sally ! dem& goes up = l>ge        

fireplaces--great big fell[s t w burn   
full cord wood4 ,x is h>d to see j :y   
?is is4 ,x may be bas$ on ! assumption t
 if a small fireplace is desirable a    
l>ge "o is m s4 ,?is is a fallacy t !   
ar*itect & fireplace build] f9d x h>d to
 dispel4 ,!re is no objection :atev] to 
a l>ge fireplace 9 a summ] camp or      
in=mal %ack ( t sort4 ,9 fact a small "o
 w\ld 9 su* a place be ridicul\s1 b :5  
we come to our ye>-r\nd liv+-room or    
d9+-room or d51 :]e ! walls ( ! room are
 tight & ! :ole atmosph]e quiet] & m    
re/ra9$1 a l>ge fireplace w\ld be       
di/9ctly a di/urb+ elem5t4 ,su* a room z
 ?is1 unless v poorly built1 w\ld n     
p]mit ! 9-take ( suffici5t air = ! draft
 ( a big fireplace1 :]eas 9 our slab    
cab9 or log bungal[ ! conditions are q  
diff]5t4      ,illu/ration3 ,a section  
?r\gh ! fireplace & *imney4 ,!     broad
 cross-hat*+ repres5ts brickwork  ,= !  
ord9>y room1 !re=e1 a fair av]age size =
 ! fireplace op5+ is ?ree feet 9 wid? by
 two & a half feet high1 ) a dep? half !

 wid?4 ,f su* a fireplace x is possible 
to get a maximum ( heat ) a m9imum (    
draft4  ,!re are two vital pr9ciples t  
%\ld be obs]v$ 9 ! design ( any         
fireplace4 ,"o ( ^! is ! relation betwe5
 ! size ( ! op5+ into ! room & ! size ( 
! flue itself4 ,a cross-section ( !     
flue--:i* incid5tally %\ld be kept !    
same ?r\gh\t its ext5t--%\ld be "o-t5? (
 ! area ( ! op5+ into ! room4 ,! second 
vital consid]ation is ! introduction (  
:at are kn[n z a smoke %elf & a smoke   
*amb]4 ,! reason = con/ruct+ a fireplace
 ) ^! two features w appe> m readily by 
ref]5ce to ! diagram4 ,?is is drawn to  
%[ t :5 a fire is k9dl$ on ! he>? ! w>m 
air curr5t1 :i* is g5]at$ imm$iately1   
beg9s to rise ?r\gh ! ?roat 7! op5+     
betwe5 ! fire *amb] & ! smoke *amb]7 &  
at once induces a d[n-draft ( cold air4 
,if ! back ( ! fireplace 7 on ! same    
cont9u\s plane ) ! re> side ( ! *imney  
flue1 ?is d[nw>d curr5t ( cold air w\ld 
/rike directly ^u ! fire itself & =ce   
smoke out into ! room4 ,! smoke %elf is 

built j :]e x w prev5t ?is action4 ,!   
sectional diagram does n p]haps make q  
cle> ! %ape ( ?is smoke *amb]1 b !      
accompany+ p]spective outl9e sket* w    
indicate ! fact t ! ?roat & ! smoke     
*amb] at ! bottom mu/ ext5d across !    
full wid? ( ! fire *amb]4 ,?is wid? 9 ! 
smoke *amb] imm$iately dim9i%es 9 ris+  
until x jo9s ! flue at ! flue's own     
area4  ,! sectional diagram indicates a 
ca/-iron damp] built 9 ! ?roat4 ,?is is 
n necess>y1 = x contributes no?+ to !   
effici5cy ( ! fire itself4 ,its "o great
 advantage is t by furni%+ ! mason ) an 
unalt]able =m1 x =ces him to build !    
?roat prop]ly r ?an 9 "o ( ! wrong ways 
t 8 own judgm5t might dictate4 ,su* a   
ca/-iron damp] also =ms a support = !   
flat ar* ( brick ov] ! op5+ if bricks   
are us$4 ,if ! damp] is n built 91 x is 
necess>y to use an iron support+ b> to  
c>ry ?is flat ar*4 ,!n too1 9 case !    
damp] is n us$1 !re is lo/ ! advantage (
 be+ able q readily to close ! ?roat    
entirely1 :i* is highly desirable 9 !   

summ]time & frequ5tly 9 ! w9t] :5 !     
fireplace is act+ too /r5u\sly z a      
v5tilator4 ,if ! ca/-iron ?roat is n    
us$1 !re=e1 x w be well to lay an iron  
plate on ! smoke %elf 9 su* a way t x   
c\ld be drawn =w>d across ! op5+ to     
close x4      ,illu/ration3 ,p]spective 
view ( ! fireplace1 %[+ !     %ape ( !  
v>i\s p>ts z built )\t a ca/-iron ?roat 
damp]  ,!re are o!r types ( damp]s1 mo/ 
( !m pat5t$ & all ( !m aim+ to provide  
an adju/able op5+ 9 ! ?roat 9 "s way4   
,"o or two ( ^! h a knob or h&le        
project+ ?r\gh ! brickwork ( ! ar*1     
p]mitt+ ! conv5i5t adju/m5t ( ! damp] f 
outside4 ,z a g5]al pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 x  
is well to *oose ! simple/ possible     
device t w secure ! desir$ result4  ,!  
t]ra cotta flue l9+ :i* is %[n 9 !      
sectional diagram is n absolutely       
necess>y1 ( c\rse1 z x is a r mod]n     
introduction & unnumb]$ fireplaces h    
s]v$ _! purpose )\t x4 ,!re is no "q1   
h[ev]1 reg>d+ its wor?1 = x provides a  
flue ) smoo?1 regul> sides t w n clog   

ne>ly s readily z an ord9>y brick flue4 
,besides t1 x has ! advantage ( p]mitt+ 
a ?9n] wall = ! *imney4 ,x is dang]\s to
 build a *imney ) a s+le f\r-in*        
?ickness ( brick betwe5 ! flue & :atev] 
may adjo9 ! *imney4 ,( c\rse no wood    
%\ld be all[$ to come )9 an in* or two (
 ! brickwork 9 any ev5t1 b ) a s+le     
?ickness ( brick1 unl9$1 !re is always !
 dang] t ! mort> w crumble f a jo9t &   
leave an op5+ ?r\gh :i* x w\ld be an    
easy matt] = sp>ks or flame to d        
consid]able damage4 ,! introduction ( a 
flue l9+1 h[ev]1 into ! *imney built 9  
?is way makes x entirely safe1 provid$ !
 jo9ts betwe5 sections ( flue l9+ are   
c>efully fill$ & made smoo? ) cem5t     
mort>4  ,! sectional diagram1 x w be    
notic$1 indicates a diff]5ce betwe5 !   
ma9 back wall ( ! *imney1 eight in*es   
?ick1 & ! brickwork laid inside ! fire  
*amb] to =m ! he>? & ! back4 ,! reason =
 ?is sep>ation is t ! r\gh brickwork ( !
 *imney is always laid fir/ z simply z  
possible1 leav+ ! fire *amb] ) its slop+

 back & sides & ! he>? to be fill$ 9    
lat] ) a bett] grade ( brick or p]haps  
ano!r k9d4 ,frequ5tly1 also1 tile w be  
comb9$ ) ! brick f9i% z a he>? or fac+4 
,illu/ration3 ,a cross-section %[+ !    
con/ruction ( a     l>ge /one fireplace 
) slightly ar*$ op5+  ,a support = !    
he>? is usually obta9$ z indicat$--by   
br++ :at is call$ a r[-lock or trimm]   
ar* betwe5 ! f\ndation masonry ( !      
*imney & a pair ( floor joi/s set out at
 ! prop] di/ance1 dep5d+ ^u ! desir$    
wid? ( ! he>?4 ,:ile ?is is ! cu/om>y   
me?od1 occasionally a support is secur$ 
9 "s o!r way1 su* z corbel+ out f !     
masonry f\ndation1 or by ext5d+ two %ort
 projections ( ?is masonry f ! bottom up
 at ei!r end ( ! he>? & ?r[+ an ar*     
across betwe5 ^!4 ,^u a b$ ( cem5t !    
he>? bricks !mselves are laid1 usually  
flu% ) ! floor1 al?\gh occasionally     
en\gh high] to p]mit a bevel$ mold+ /rip
 to cov] ! jo9t betwe5 brick & floor m  
closely4 ,9 "s cases ! he>? itself is   
rais$ ! full ?ickness ( a brick above ! 

floor1 z 9 "o ( ! photographic          
illu/rations %[n4  ,! wid? ( ! he>? is  
ord9>ily made ab\t sixte5 or eighte5    
in*es beyond ! face ( ! op5+ ) ! av]age 
size fireplace1 tw5ty in*es or ev5 m )  
l>g] ones4 ,?is wid? %\ld be increas$1 (
 c\rse1 if ! op5+ is made consid]ably   
l>g]4 ,! "q ( mat]ials = ! he>? & fac+ w
 be discuss$ 9 ! next *apt]4  ,! *imney 
itself %\ld ext5d at lea/ a foot or two 
above any ne>by ro( ridge & x %\ld "w   
)\t any c[l1 :irligig or o!r device ( t 
type on ! top4 ,!re is no great         
objection to hav+ ! op5+ a horizontal "o
 at ! top ( ! *imney1 al?\gh 9 t case if
 ! flue is ne>ly /raight ?r\gh\t its    
c\rse1 "s ra9 w f9d its way d[n to !    
he>? 9 a h>d /orm4 ,9 mo/ cases !re is  
en\gh b5d 9 ! flue to prev5t ?is1 & if n
 x may be avoid$ by cov]+ ! top ( !     
*imney ) a /one & hav+ ! op5+s v]tical  
ones on all f\r sides j "u ?is4  ,all ( 
! brickwork ?r\gh\t *imney & fireplace  
%\ld be laid 9 fir/-class cem5t mort>   
:i* consi/s ( "o "p ,portl& cem5t to    

?ree p>ts clean1 %>p s&4 ,al?\gh lime   
mort> 0 us$ 9 all brickwork up to rec5t 
ye>s1 x is n durable1 p>ticul>ly 9 !    
vic9ity ( heat4                         
,,miscellane\s ,,odd ,,=ms   ,!re are _m
 unusual =ms ( fireplace ) :i* we are n 
p>ticul>ly conc]n$4 ,= example1 "o sees 
occasionally an op5+ %ap$ l an inv]t$   
he>t or l an ace ( spades4 ,x is        
possible to make a fireplace ( ?is k9d  
"w satisfactorily1 b x is by no means   
c]ta9 t ?is result c be accompli%$ at ! 
fir/ trial nor t ! fire w cont9ue to "w 
prop]ly "u all conditions4 ,x is saf]   
always to adh]e to ! e/abli%$ type (    
rectangul> op5+1 or to dep>t f ?is only 
to ! ext5t ( hav+ ! top an ar* ( l>ge   
radius4 ,:5ev] ! top is p]mitt$ to v>y m
 ?an a slight ext5t f ! horizontal !re  
is ! dang] ( hav+ ! smoke escape into ! 
room at ! top4      ,illu/ration3 ,!    
+l5ook seldom fails z a disp5s] ( home  
*e]4 ,frequ5tly ! seats are plac$ too   
close to ! fire  ,!re is "o o!r type t  
des]ves special m5tion & t is ! d\ble   

fireplace1 :]e two op5+s 9 adjac5t rooms
 are s]v$ by a s+le flue betwe5 !m4 ,!  
only way 9 :i* ?is affects ! two vital  
pr9ciples m5tion$ above is t !          
cross-section area ( ! flue %\ld be     
"o-t5? ( ! comb9$ areas ( ! op5+s4 ,!   
?roat w 9 ?is case be 9 ! middle ( !    
*imney ) ! smoke %elf on ei!r side ( x4 
,x is ess5tial 9 a fireplace ( ?is k9d t
 !re be no di/urb+ draft t5d+ to pass   
?r\gh ! op5+ f "o room to ! o!r4  ,/ill 
ano!r type :i* is ev5 m r>ely se5 is !  
op5 fire 9 ! middle ( a room1 su* z may 
be desir$ occasionally 9 ! l\ng+ room ( 
a l>ge club4 ,su* an app>5t anomaly c\ld
 be secur$ by susp5d+ a metal flue &    
hood f ! ro(1 s t ! l[] edge ( !        
truncat$ pyramidal =m at ! bottom w\ld  
=m ! upp] side ( ! fireplace op5+ at a  
conv5i5t height above ! he>? ( brick1   
/one1 tile or concrete4 ,x is           
conceivable t an effective & ?or\ghly   
practical fireplace c\ld be ?us devis$1 
hav+ ! flue & hood ( wr\ght iron or     
copp]1 susp5d$ & /eadi$ by *a9s or b>s f

 ! ceil+ & surr\nd+ walls4 ,9 su* a =m !
 same pr9ciple ( a fix$ ratio betwe5    
op5+ 7"h ! entire p]imet] ( ! hood      
multipli$ by ! di/ance above ! he>?7 &  
cross-section ( flue w\ld h to be       
obs]v$1 & "h also x w\ld be well to     
provide z fully z possible aga9/ !      
pres5ce ( di/urb+ drafts4               
,,fac+s ,,& ,,mantels   ,!re is n a     
p>ticul>ly wide *oice ( mat]ials        
available = ! f9i% ( ! he>? & fireplace4
 ,/one1 brick1 cem5t & tile exhau/ !    
possibilities1 al?\gh ) comb9ations ( ^!
 we h all ! v>iety t we c\ld wi%4  ,/one
 is suitable only 9 c]ta9 environm5ts--!
 in=mal %ack or log cab9 *iefly1 ?\gh ( 
c\rse x is impossible to make any h>d & 
fa/ rule 9 ! matt]4  ,brick is almo/    
nev] out ( place4 ,p]haps x is !        
association ) ! fireplaces t h be5 built
 by our fa!rs & gr&fa!rs1 or p]haps x is
 ! inh]5t wor? & fitness ( ! mat]ial    
itself t puts x =w>d z a fir/ *oice4    
,und\bt$ly ! practical consid]ation t x 
is easi] & m economical to build has    

some?+ to d ) ! matt]4  ,concrete is a  
newcom] 9 ! field ( fireplace fac+ & z  
yet x _c be said to h %[n any p>ticul>  
reason :y x %\ld displace ! o!r         
mat]ials4 ,) ! ord9>y heat develop$ 9 an
 op5 fire ( wood !re is no likelihood ( 
crack+ ! concrete fac+ if ! mat]ial has 
be5 prop]ly mix$ & appli$1 al?\gh !re   
seems to be a vague impression t ?is    
might be a real dang]4 ,! color (       
concrete gives x no p>ticul>            
recomm5dation1 = x is "o t rema9s       
un*ang$ by fire1 ?\gh n un/a9$ by smoke4
 ,brick1 on ! o!r h&1 & tile1 h ! v     
close/ possible association ) fire 9 !  
mak+1 :i* gives !m a peculi> fitness =  
?is purpose4      ,illu/ration3 ,ca5    
/one or its clev] repres5tation 9 cem5t 
s]ves well = ! m =mal type ( mantel &   
fac+  ,tile1 ! la/ ( ! f\r mat]ials1    
gives m latitude 9 design ?an any ( !   
o!rs1 sometimes too mu* latitude we     
feel4 ,if und]/&+ly us$1 no?+ c\ld be m 
appropriate & attractive1 b tile has be5
 us$ s c>elessly t someh[ we h a feel+ t

 ! til$ fireplace is = %[ r ?an = use4  
,9 any case1 !re is no "q :atev] reg>d+ 
! unfitness ( ! glaz$ tiles :i* h made  
horrors ( ?\s&s ( pseudo fireplace      
op5+s4 ,x is only ! mat-glaz$ or unglaz$
 tiles t h any "r to be us$ 9 su* a     
place4  ,s9ce ?is little volume has =   
its subject ! fireplace r ?an ! mantel1 
little ne$ be said reg>d+ ! latt] outw>d
 =m1 ?\gh !re is no d\bt t a :ole book  
on ! subject might pr(itably be writt54 
,to t\* ^u ! subject z lightly z space w
 p]mit1 we c probably d no bett] ?an to 
sugge/ ! obvi\s type ( mantel = "o or   
two ( ! m common ar*itectural /yles1 &  
recomm5d t 9 o!r /yles ! ar*itect be    
all[$ suffici5t latitude 9 design &     
exp5se to di/+ui% ?is important feature 
( hall1 liv+-room1 d9+-room or libr>y ) 
! *>act]i/ics ( ! /yle he has work$ out 
= ! h\se itself4  ,! mod]n home along   
,colonial l9es is p]haps ! commone/     
problem1 & incid5tally ! easie/1 = ! old
 models ( delicately detail$ :ite-pa9t$ 
wood mantels are s well kn[n & s        

univ]sally admir$ t mod]n reproductions 
along good l9es & reasonable co/ are    
easily obta9$4  ,= ! ,engli% pla/] or   
half-timb] h\se ! ar*itect w d\btless   
design a special mantel1 9 scale & 9    
h>mony ) ! d>k panel+ & o!r ar*itectural
 woodwork1 probably ) a panel$          
ov]-mantel if ! co/ is n too rigor\sly  
held d[n4  ,9 a h\se :i* breaks away f !
 hi/oric ar*itectural /yles1 z s _m ( ! 
/ucco build+s ( ! day d1 ! mantel       
treatm5t (f]s p>ticul>ly int]e/+        
possibilities4 ,frequ5tly ! mantel is   
done away ) entirely & ! *imney brea/   
treat$ indep5d5tly z a :ole4  ,) ! v    
in=mal type ( summ] home :]e a r\gh /one
 = fac+ & *imney is employ$1 ! mantel   
treatm5t c h>dly be kept too simple &   
unobtrusive 9 its rugg$ /r5g?4 ,a heavy 
log1 plan$ to a smoo? top surface & re/+
 on two project+ /one brackets1 is      
frequ5tly us$ ) good effect4 ,! *imney  
brea/ may be /epp$ back at ! %elf height
 to =m a n>r[ /one l$ge1 or ! brea/ left
 )\t any %elf4 ,_m simple v>iations ) ! 

in=mal brick *imney brea/ w occur to    
ev]yone4 ,9 g5]al1 ) ^! summ] %acks or  
bungal[s1 ! fireplace is ! *ief         
ar*itectural feature ( ! liv+-room & = t
 reason w /& a mod]ate am\nt (          
embelli%m5t1 b ?is latt] %\ld take ! =m 
( a slightly bett] f9i% ( ! mat]ials us$
 ?r\gh\t ! room r ?an ! introduction ( m
 elaborate & co/ly ones4                
,illu/ration3 ,a fireplace & *imney     
brea/ ( field /one1     *os5 ) c>e &    
laid ) m ?an av]age skill               
,,m5d+ ,,poor ,,fireplaces   ,x is well 
en\gh to say j h[ a fireplace %\ld be   
built s t x w "w satisfactorily1 b t    
does n g f> 9 help+ ! man :o has a      
fireplace t w n "w4 ,frequ5tly x is     
possible )\t any v great exp5se & tr\ble
 to correct a fireplace t has be5       
improp]ly built4 ,if "o has 9 m9d a cle>
 compreh5sion ( ! few elem5t>y pr9ciples
 ( fireplace con/ruction x w usually be 
an easy matt] to det]m9e ! reason :y a  
fireplace smokes or fails to draw4  ,!  
cross-section area ( ! flue is likely to

 prove ! mo/ common difficulty4 ,usually
 ?is _c be se5 f inside ! fireplace1    
because ( ! n>r[ ?roat & ! smoke *amb]  
:i* 9 "s =m may be above ! %elf4 ,if1   
!re=e1 ! app>5t ess5tials--su* z %ape ( 
op5+1 n>r[ ?roat across ! :ole wid?1 &  
pref]ably ! slant+ back--h be5 foll[$   
out x w\ld be well to det]m9e ! area ( !
 flue itself4 ,to d ?is x w be necess>y 
to rea* ! top ( ! *imney &1 by l[]+ a   
weight on a l9e1 f9d :i* flue leads to !
 fireplace 9 "q4 ,its area at ! top w 9 
all probability be its area ?r\gh\t4 ,if
 ! flue happ5s to be ! only "o 9 t      
p>ticul> *imney x may sometimes be      
det]m9$ m easily by c\nt+ ! bricks 9 its
 two horizontal directions & 9 ?is way  
e/imat+ :at w\ld probably be ! inside   
flue4 ,?is conclusion is by no means    
sure1 h[ev]1 s9ce ! *imney may be built 
) eight-in* walls or x may be simply a  
f\r-in* wall ) ! flue l9+4 ,to "o ) a k 
( bricklay+1 h[ev]1 ! way 9 :i* ! *imney
 is laid up w usually indicate ! size ( 
! flue4  ,hav+ det]m9$ ! size ( !       

fireplace op5+ & ! cross-section area ( 
! flue itself1 x w 9 _m cases be f\nd t 
! latt] is too small = ! =m]4 ,! easie/ 
way to rem$y ?is difficulty naturally   
w\ld be to decrease ! size ( ! op5+ 9 ! 
face ( ! fireplace4 ,9 ord] to *eck up !
 diagnosis1 h[ev]1 x w\ld be well to fit
 a pair ( ?9 bo>ds to w$ge fairly       
tightly into ! op5+ at ! top1 "o ( :i*  
bo>ds c\ld be drawn d[n pa/ ! o!r "o s t
 ! fireplace op5+ may be decreas$ any:]e
 f six to twelve in*es 9 height--us+ two
 six-in* bo>ds4 ,by te/+ ! fireplace 9  
action 9 ?is way x w be readily det]m9$ 
by :at am\nt ! op5+ mu/ be decreas$4 ,! 
bo>ds !n be+ remov$1 a wr\ght-iron      
curta9 or decorative project+ hood (    
wr\ght iron or copp] may be fitt$       
p]man5tly to ! front4  ,x is possible1  
h[ev]1 t ! op5+ ( ! fireplace & ! flue  
area are prop]ly relat$1 9 :i* case x   
may be f\nd t ! tr\ble is due to ! lack 
( a n>r[ ?roat & smoke %elf4 ,?is too   
c\ld be con/ruct$ 9 ! fireplace )\t     
di/urb+ any?+ outside1 su* z ! mantel or

 *imney brea/1 unless ! fireplace is n  
l>ge en\gh to p]mit ! addition ( f\r    
in*es ( brick at ! back4 ,if x is n1 x w
 be well to exam9e c>efully ! ?ickness (
 ! wall at ! back ( ! fireplace & if ?is
 is suffici5t1 "p ( x c\ld be tak5 away 
:]e ! slope ( ! back jo9s ! upright     
wall--ab\t a foot above ! he>?          
surface--& ! slop+ back built 9 f !re up
 to =m ! ?roat4 ,or1 to make p]fectly   
sure ( ! result1 ! mantel itself c\ld be
 remov$--?is is usually m]ely nail$ to !
 pla/]--& en\gh ( ! *imney brea/ tak5   
d[n to p]mit ! introduction ( a ca/-iron
 ?roat damp]4                           
,,fireplace ,,accessories   ,j z a      
turkey d9n] dep5ds l>gely = its success 
^u ! fix9's1 s ! fireplace is 9 itself  
incomplete )\t its &irons & tools4 ,to  
beg9 ) ! mo/ ne>ly indisp5sable         
appurt5ances1 we mu/ "n ! &irons--or1 if
 ! fuel is to be coal1 !n ! basket      
grate4 ,i h wond]$ sometimes :y !       
philosoph]s h n hit ^u ! &iron z a      
p>ticul>ly fitt+ subject = pleasurable  

rum9ation4 ,!re are s few ?+s :i* comb9e
 to su* a degree ! purely utilit>ian ) !
 em95tly decorative qualities4 ,mo/ ?+s 
:i* d comb9e ! two 9 any real measure h 
be5 develop$ on ! side ( "o at ! exp5se 
( ! o!r quality4 ,take man's dress coat1
 = example1 ! cut-away front ( :i*1 ) ! 
two buttons at ! back1 0 design$ to     
p]mit ! g5tleman to loop ! skirts up to 
8 wai/ :5 he m\nt$ 8 horse4 ,or1 take ! 
mod]n light+ fixture ) its little pan   
/ill wait+ to cat* ! drip ( ! tall[     
b5ea? ! flame1 :i* has long s9ce be5    
displac$ by gas tip or inc&esc5t        
filam5t4 ,h[ few ?+s !re are1 aft] all1 
:i* ages ago--probably ?r\gh a long     
evolution--7 design$ to meet a real ne$ 
9 ! be/ possible mann] & :i* /ill meet t
 ne$ & comb9e true beauty ) _!          
usefulness4 ,! wr\ght-iron %oe ( a horse
 occurs to u1 p]haps a %ip's an*or1 a   
/r+-b[ or an axe helve4  ,"s support is 
ne$$ to raise ! fuel s t ! air may f9d a
 cle> passage "u & ?r\gh x to ! flames1 
& no?+ c\ld well be devis$ to s]ve !    

purpose bett] ?an ! pair ( horizontal   
wr\ght b>s1 ea* ) its s+le re> foot &   
its /eady+ front1 ! upp] cont9uation (  
:i* s]ves to hold ! burn+ logs 9 place4 
,"o is n likely to g wrong 9 mak+ a     
*oice ( &irons = any giv5 type (        
fireplace4 ,! simply turn$ brass patt]ns
 belong s obvi\sly to ! ,colonial brick 
op5+ ) its surr\nd+ :ite woodwork2 !    
r\gh] wr\ght-iron types are s evid5tly  
at home 9 ! craftsman fireplace or !    
r\gh op5+ ( /onework1 t misfits are     
h>dly possible4  ,=tunately ! old brass 
&irons ( ,colonial days h prov5 !mselves
 fitt$ to survive1 & _m ( !m are /ill to
 be f\nd 9 old cobwebby attics or 9 ! m 
accessible %op ( ! deal] 9 antiques4 ,"o
 ( ^! confid$ to me 8 way ( di/+ui%+ !  
really old &irons f artificially ag$    
reproductions3 ! old ones h ! turn$     
brass ( ! front po/ held 9 place by a   
wr\ght-iron b> t atta*es to ! horizontal
 memb] by a screw ?read on ! b> itself2 
on ! mod]n examples ?is upright b> is   
drill$ ) a ?read$ hole into :i* an      

ord9>y %ort screw engages ?r\gh a hole 9
 ! horizontal memb]4      ,illu/ration3 
,! good old dep5dable ,colonial type1 ) 
its     simple brick fac+ fram$ by !    
delicately detail$ :ite wood     mantel 
,next aft] ! &irons 9 importance are !  
tools--! ?ree mo/ ne>ly ess5tial ones   
be+ ! pok]1 tongs & %ovel4 ,!re is no   
ne$ ( say+ t ^! %\ld h>monize ) ! &irons
 & pref]ably be ( brass if !y are (     
brass2 wr\ght iron if ! &irons are (    
wr\ght iron4 ,!re are two ways ( tak+   
c>e ( !m--! ord9>y me?od ( us+ a /& :i*1
 if ! tools are b\ght toge!r1 w probably
 come ) !m2 or 9 "s ( ! fireplace types 
:]e ! :ole *imney brea/ is ( brick1     
concrete or /one1 sometimes a comb9ation
 ( ?ree or m hooks is wr\ght 9 ! same   
metal z ! tools & fix$ securely 9 !     
*imney brea/ at ! side ( ! op5+4  ,a    
bru% = ! he>?1 al?\gh n s frequ5tly se51
 is exce$+ly useful 9 sweep+ back ! a%es
 & small emb]s4 ,!n !re is ! "t-honor$  
bell[s1 n[ h>dly m ?an an ornam5t1 = ) a
 sci5tifically built fireplace x %\ld   

nev] ne$ to be call$ into action4  ,a   
scre5 ( "s sort comes ne>] to be+ class$
 ) ! necessities ?an ) ! m]ely          
decorative accessories1 = x is h>dly    
safe to leave a fire or ev5 ! smold]+   
emb]s )\t "s protection aga9/ ! damage t
 is s quickly caus$ by sp>ks4 ,! usual  
type ( scre5 is ! wov5 wire "o 9 sev]al 
=ms4 ,probably ! mo/ conv5i5t type is t 
made up ( a numb] ( flat sections :i*   
fold ^u "o ano!r into a compact mass :i*
 w n be 9 ! way :5 n 9 use4 ,9 rec5t    
ye>s1 h[ev]1 !re is ano!r sort ( scre5 t
 is com+ to be reg>d$ ) v high favor & t
 is ! scre5 made up ( glass 9 comb9ation
 ) o!r mat]ials4 ,!re is ! simple ,fr5* 
scre5 ( glass panes 9 a gild$ frame1 &  
!re are wond]ful possibilities = !      
employm5t ( ! craftsman's skill 9 comb9+
 ) pla9 or lightly t9t$ glass m         
decorative features 9 ! way ( /a9$ glass
 & lead+ or 9 ! comb9ation ( glass &    
metals4  ,! design ( a fire scre5       
dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 on ! purpose x is      
int5d$ to s]ve4 ,if x is desir$ to      

secure a scre5 t w cut (f ! heat b n !  
light ( ! fire1 ! craftsman w "w ) l>g] 
areas ( cle> glass4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x may 
be felt desirable to make a ne>ly opaque
 scre5 to cut (f bo? light & heat4 ,^!1 
( c\rse1 are usually small rectangles on
 "s sort ( a p$e/al & are n int5d$ to   
take ! place ( sp>k scre5s4  ,a wood    
receptacle ( "s =m is a conv5i5t        
accessory1 z "o w avoid ! task ( c>ry+  
fuel up f ! cell> or 9 f ! woodpile     
:5ev] a fire is desir$4 ,!re is a broad 
field f :i* to *oose--brass-b\nd boxes (
 _m sizes & =ms1 /urdy baskets & ! metal
 wood baskets :i* are made = hold+ !    
logs !mselves4 ,!re are ^? :o pref] n to
 encumb] ! vic9ity ( ! fireplace ) ^! r 
bulky receptacles1 b :o f9d x conv5i5t  
to h a box built 9 ne> by 9 ! =m ( a    
w9d[-seat or p]haps z a "p ( built-9    
bookcases4 ,two or ?ree h\ses t ,i h    
kn[n _h a v simple r\gh dumbwait] runn+ 
f ! cell> up into a w9d[-seat4 ,?is c\ld
 be load$ ) fuel1 hoi/$ into position & 
lock$ !re until ! fuel 0 ne$$4  ,!re are

 two o!r fireplace accessories t we mu/ 
n ov]look1 & ^! are ! crane & ! trivet4 
,! crane is a v picturesque feature 9 a 
fireplace t is l>ge en\gh to hold x     
com=tably1 b x does seem un=tunate t 9 a
 great _m fireplaces ! crane is dragg$ 9
 ) ! idea ( mak+ x a decorative feature 
b )\t any expectation ( putt+ x to      
practical use4 ,!re are fireplaces--9 a 
summ] camp1 = example--:]e a crane c\ld 
be put to good use4 ,us$ else:]e x is   
too (t5 m]ely an affectation4  ,! trivet
 is n ne>ly s well kn[n z ! crane & yet 
x might be put to use 9 a mod]n         
fireplace mu* m frequ5tly4 ,9 ,engl& x  
is f\nd 9 v>i\s +5i\s =ms1 mo/ ( :i* %[1
 h[ev]1 "s =m ( l[ /ool :i* is /ood ^u !
 he>?1 z ne> z may be conv5i5t to !     
fire1 to keep w>m a teakettle or p]haps 
ev5 a plate ( toa/4 ,!re are "s r       
int]e/+ antique brass trivets to be f\nd
 9 _m ( ! l>g] antique %ops4            
,,build+ ,,! ,,fire   ,i h no d\bt t !  
majority ( ! read]s :o h pati5tly f\nd  
_! way ?us f> ?r\gh ?is little book w   

feel l clos+ x ) a sigh ( impati5ce at !
 sight ( ! *apt] head+ above4 ,:o       
doesn't "k h[ to build a wood fire8 ,we 
might z well seek in/ruction z to ! mo/ 
approv$ me?od ( /rik+ a mat*6 ,b if y w 
be> ) me = a mom5t ,i w\ld say mo/      
emphatically t z a matt] ( fact v few p 
really d "k h[ to build a fire4 ,x is   
easy en\gh to assemble a bun* (         
newspap]s1 twigs1 k9dl+ & logs s t x is 
possible to />t a fire1 b p]haps y h    
notic$ t :ile _m fires are k9dl$ few    
burn out4 ,if y are seek+ = ! greate/   
am\nt ( com=t & enjoym5t f y\r wood fire
 y w secure x only by sitt+ at ! feet ( 
t greate/ ( all tea*]s1 exp]i5ce1 or    
p]haps m quickly by exp]im5t+ a bit ) "o
 or two ( ! simple exp$i5ts :i* ,i %all 
try to %[ are bas$ on ! wood fire's way 
( work+4 ,:ile !re are ^? :o w\ld n =   
worlds give up ! pleasure ( t9k]+ ) !   
tongs & pok] :ile ! fire burns1 x w     
p]haps n detract f ?is enjoym5t if !    
t9k]+ is n actually ! result ( necessity
 to keep ! logs burn+4 ,fire-m5d+ is a  

delightful recreation only :5 x is n    
impos$ ^u u by becom+ an alt]native to  
hav+ ! gl[+ emb]s become disc\rag$ &    
give up ! fight4      ,illu/ration3 ,!re
 is a spl5did opportunity = home        
craftsman%ip ( a high ord] 9 mak+ !     
copp] hood = an     example ( ?is type  
,fir/ ( all1 !re is ! ne$ ( hav+ fuel t 
is really dry4 ,x is n ess5tial t !     
woodpile be kept indoors1 b x %\ld at   
lea/ h %elt] above x & on ?ree sides4 ,!
 wood%$s ( ,new ,engl& f>mh\ses (f] a   
practical & effici5t solution ( !       
problem4 ,usually y w f9d ^! z an       
ext5sion to ! h\se1 a %$ op5 only to !  
s\?1 9 :i* ! cord wood is pil$ neatly to
 ! ro( ) sawn ends to ! front4 ,two long
 logs are laid on ! floor or gr\nd1 at  
"r angles to ! firewood1 s z to enc\rage
 a circulation ( air = dry+4  ,9        
addition to ! heavi] logs :i* are cut to
 fit ! fireplace op5+1 !re %\ld be almo/
 an equal quantity ( twigs1 bru% &      
small] pieces1 or else split k9dl+1 to  
s]ve z />t+ fuel4  ,to lay a fire on !  

he>?1 select fir/ a heavy log :i* %\ld  
be plac$ close aga9/ ! back ( ! fire    
*amb] on ! he>? & n on ! &irons4 ,?is is
 ! traditional backlog4 ,x w s]ve ?r\gh 
sev]al fires & is int5d$ ma9ly z a      
protection ( ! back brickwork4 ,/& !    
&irons ) _! re> ends close up aga9/ !   
backlog1 & if ! latt] is ( ! be/ size   
its top w be well above ! horizontal b>s
 ( ! &irons4 ,n[ select a small]        
log--pref]ably n a split piece--& lay x 
across ! &irons4 ,if a big fire is      
desir$1 keep ?is log--! =elog--well to !
 front1 j back ( ! &iron upright po/s1  
leav+ pl5ty ( space betwe5 backlog &    
=elog = ! ma9 body ( ! fire4 ,! di/ance 
betwe5 ^! two logs w gov]n ! size ( !   
fire4 ,9 ?is space put a few crumpl$    
%eets ( newspap]1 "s ( ! light] twigs & 
small bran*es1 & "o1 two or ?ree logs or
 split pieces1 z may be requir$ to fill 
! space4 ,! diagrams w make cle>] ?is   
arrangem5t = a small fire or a l>ge "o4 
,illu/ration3 ,section %[+ ! arrangem5t 
( &irons &     wood = a l>ge fire 7at ! 

left7 & a small] "o  ,z ! c5tral portion
 ( ! fire burns away1 keep ! =elog pu%$ 
back aga9/ x1 unless a less active fire 
is desir$4 ,x is well to rememb] t :]e  
"o isolat$ log w n burn1 two close      
toge!r probably w1 & a pyramid ( ?ree w 
d /ill bett]4  ,_m fireplaces %[ a      
t5d5cy to smoke only :5 fir/ light$2 ?is
 is probably due to a cold *imney1 & c  
usually be prev5t$ or made less         
objectionable by burn+ a newspap] j "u !
 ?roat1 ?us />t+ ! prop] action ( ! up &
 d[n drafts4  ,if x is possible = u to  
*oose betwe5 v>i\s k9ds ( wood = our op5
 fire fuel !re is op5$ up "o ( ! mo/    
int]e/+ phases ( ! :ole subject4 ,to mo/
 p probably a wood fire is a wood fire1 
:e!r ! logs be ( *]ry wood1 p9e1 hickory
 or any?+ else4 ,= ! wood fire          
connoisseur1 if we may call him by t "n1
 !re is no difficulty :atev] 9 tell+ ) a
 glance at ! fire j :at wood is burn$4  
,! crackle & explosive nature ( hickory1
 ! hiss ( p9e1 ! /eady flame f *]ry1 !  
hot & rapid dis9tegration ( sycamore1 & 

! /eady & ?or\gh combu/ion ( s(t apple  
wood soon become famili> *>act]i/ics to 
^? :o h ! opportunity to lay ! fire 9   
v>iety4 ,!n !re is1 ( c\rse1 !          
fasc9ation & ! weird color+ 9 a         
driftwood fire--mo/ spectacul> ( all b  
un=tunately d5i$ to mo/ ( u4            
,illu/ration3 ,a simple & exce$+ly      
effective recess$     design 9 brick &  
r\gh pla/]4 ,! he>? is rais$ above     !
 floor  ,f9ally1 ! mo/ important factor 
( all 9 ! managem5t ( a wood fire is an 
ample b$ ( a%es = its f\ndation4 ,x is  
impossible = anyone :o has n actually   
tri$ fires bo? ways to appreciate !     
imm5se advantage t a b$ ( wood a%es     
gives4 ,x unque/ionably d\bles ! fire's 
effici5cy 9 ?r[+ heat out into ! room1 x
 halves ! c>e & att5tion ne$$ to keep ! 
fire burn+1 & x increases beyond measure
 ! beauty ( a wood fire1 :5 x is ne>+   
its end1 by rek9dl+ itself ) ! emb]s &  
keep+ alive = a long "t ! quiet1 dull r$
 gl[4 ,/op y\r e>s to ! importunities ( 
! ov]-zeal\s h\sekeep] & /eel y\rself   

aga9/ ! pricks ( ! consci5ce (          
cleanl9ess4 ,if ne$ be1 fight = !       
ret5tion ( t b$ ( a%es4 ,y c sc>cely get
 x too l>ge or too deep4 ,! accumulation
 ( two ye>s is a priceless treasure4 ,"o
 ( my own fireplaces has a bank t has to
 be deplet$ ab\t twice a ye> to make    
room = ! fire4 ,a peck or two ( ! f9e   
:ite p[d] is !n c>ri$ out to br+ joy to 
! rose g>d54  ,to "o :o loves a wood    
fire & kn[s its possibilities ! m5tion (
 su* a ?+ z an a%-drop is z a r$ flag to
 a bull4 ,peace be to ! a%es ( ! man :o 
inv5t$ ?is easy me?od ( robb+ ! he>? (  
half its *>m4 ,may he be =giv5 x4       
,,!                             ,,h\se  
,,g>d5                                  
,,mak+                                  
,,books   ,x is ! int5tion ( ! publi%]s 
to make ?is s]ies ( little volumes1 (   
:i* ,mak+ a ,fireplace is "o1 a complete
 libr>y ( au?oritative & well illu/rat$ 
h&books deal+ ) ! activities ( !        
home-mak] & amateur g>d5]4 ,text1       
pictures & diagrams w1 9 ea* respective 

book1 aim to make p]fectly cle> !       
possibility ( hav+1 & ! means ( hav+1 "s
 ( ! m important features ( a mod]n     
c\ntry or suburban home4 ,among ! titles
 already issu$ or plann$ = e>ly         
publication are ! foll[+3 ,mak+ a ,rose 
,g>d52 ,mak+ a ,lawn2 ,mak+ a ,t5nis    
,c\rt2 ,mak+ a ,wat] ,g>d52 ,mak+ ,pa?s 
& ,driveways2 ,mak+ a ,p\ltry ,h\se2    
,mak+ a ,g>d5 ) ,hotb$ & ,coldframe2    
,mak+ ,built-9 ,furniture2 ,mak+ a ,rock
 ,g>d52 ,mak+ a ,g>d5 to ,bloom ?is     
,ye>2 ,mak+ a ,g>d5 ( ,p]5nials2 ,mak+ !
 ,gr\nds ,attractive ) ,%rubb]y2 ,mak+ a
 ,bulb ,g>d51 ,mak+ a ,g>age1 ,mak+ &   
,furni%+ ,outdoor ,rooms & ,por*es2 )   
o!rs to be ann\nc$ lat]4