----------------------------------------
--------- ,transcriber's note3          
,obvious typographical errors have been 
corrected                               
----------------------------------------
---------     ,vol4 ,i4                 
,,march1 #aijf                   ,no4 #a
  ,,mother ,,earth   ,illustration   ,p4
 ,o4 ,box            ,,emma ,,goldman1  
,publisher      #aj;c4 a ,copy ,madison 
,sq4 ,station1 ,n4 ,y4     ,,contents4  
,,page  ,mother ,earth    ,e4 ,,goldman 
and ,m4 ,,baginski                  #a  
,the ,song of the ,storm-,finch         
,,maxim ,,gorky                  #d     
,observations and ,comments             
#e  ,the ,tragedy of ,women's           
,emancipation    ,e4 ,,goldman          
#i  ,try ,love    ,,grace ,,potter      
#ah  ,without ,government    ,,max      
,,baginski                         #bj  
,vive ,le ,roi    ,,frances ,,wauls     
,,bjorkman                      #bg     
,reflections of a ,rich ,man            
#bh  ,comstockery    ,,john ,r4         

,,coryell                               
#cj  ,don ,quixote and ,hamlet          
,,turgenieff                       #dj  
,on the ,banks of ,acheron    ,,edwin   
,,bjorkman                  #db  ,the   
,british ,elections and the ,labor      
,parties    ,h4 ,,kelly    #dd  ,and    
,you8    ,,bolton ,,hall                
#dh  ,national ,atavism                 
,,internationalist                      
#di  ,mine ,owners' ,revenge    ,m4 ,b4 
#ef  ,international ,review             
#eh  ,literary ,notes                   
#fa  ,advertisements                    
#fc     #aj;c4 ,a ,,copy    #a4jj ,,per 
,,year   ,mother ,earth   ,,emma        
,,goldman1 ,,publisher ,p4 ,o4 ,,box    
,,madison ,,sq4 ,,station1 ,n4 ,y4      
,,city   ,vol4 ,i       ,,march1 #aijf  
,no4 #a   ,illustration     ,,mother    
,,earth   ,there was a time when men    
imagined the ,earth as the center of the
 universe4 ,the stars1 large and small1 
they believed were created merely for   
their delectation4 ,it was their vain   

conception that a supreme being1 weary  
of solitude1 had manufactured a giant   
toy and put them into possession of it4 
,when1 however1 the human mind was      
illumined by the torch-light of science1
 it came to understand that the ,earth  
was but one of a myriad of stars        
floating in infinite space1 a mere speck
 of dust4  ,man issued from the womb of 
,mother ,earth1 but he knew it not1 nor 
recognized her1 to whom he owed his     
life4 ,in his egotism he sought an      
explanation of himself in the infinite1 
and out of his efforts there arose the  
dreary doctrine that he was not related 
to the ,earth1 that she was but a       
temporary resting place for his scornful
 feet and that she held nothing for him 
but temptation to degrade himself4      
,interpreters and prophets of the       
infinite sprang into being1 creating the
 ,great ,beyond and proclaiming ,heaven 
and ,hell1 between which stood the poor1
 trembling human being1 tormented by    
that priest-born monster1 ,conscience4  

,in this frightful scheme1 gods and     
devils waged eternal war against each   
other with wretched man as the prize of 
victory2 and the priest1                
self-constituted interpreter of the will
 of the gods1 stood in front of the only
 refuge from harm and demanded as the   
price of entrance that ignorance1 that  
asceticism1 that self-abnegation which  
could but end in the complete           
subjugation of man to superstition4 ,he 
was taught that ,heaven1 the refuge1 was
 the very antithesis of ,earth1 which   
was the source of sin4 ,to gain for     
himself a seat in ,heaven1 man          
devastated the ,earth4 ,yet she renewed 
herself1 the good mother1 and came again
 each ,spring1 radiant with youthful    
beauty1 beckoning her children to come  
to her bosom and partake of her bounty4 
,but ever the air grew thick with       
mephitic darkness1 ever a hollow voice  
was heard calling3 ,touch not the       
beautiful form of the sorceress2 she    
leads to sin6  ,but if the priests      

decried the ,earth1 there were others   
who found in it a source of power and   
who took possession of it4 ,then it     
happened that the autocrats at the gates
 of ,heaven joined forces with the      
powers that had taken possession of the 
,earth2 and humanity began its aimless1 
monotonous march4 ,but the good mother  
sees the bleeding feet of her children1 
she hears their moans1 and she is ever  
calling to them that she is theirs4  ,to
 the contemporaries of ,george          
,washington1 ,thomas ,paine and ,thomas 
,jefferson1 ,america appeared vast1     
boundless1 full of promise4 ,mother     
,earth1 with the sources of vast wealth 
hidden within the folds of her ample    
bosom1 extended her inviting and        
hospitable arms to all those who came to
 her from arbitrary and despotic        
lands--,mother ,earth ready to give     
herself alike to all her children4 ,but 
soon she was seized by the few1 stripped
 of her freedom1 fenced in1 a prey to   
those who were endowed with cunning and 

unscrupulous shrewdness4 ,they1 who had 
fought for independence from the        
,british yoke1 soon became dependent    
among themselves2 dependent on          
possessions1 on wealth1 on power4       
,liberty escaped into the wilderness1   
and the old battle between the patrician
 and the plebeian broke out in the new  
world1 with greater bitterness and      
vehemence4 ,a period of but a hundred   
years had sufficed to turn a great      
republic1 once gloriously established1  
into an arbitrary state which subdued a 
vast number of its people into material 
and intellectual slavery1 while enabling
 the privileged few to monopolize every 
material and mental resource4  ,during  
the last few years1 ,american           
journalists have had much to say about  
the terrible conditions in ,russia and  
the supremacy of the ,russian censor4   
,have they forgotten the censor here8 a 
censor far more powerful than him of    
,russia4 ,have they forgotten that every
 line they write is dictated by the     

political color of the paper they write 
for2 by the advertising firms2 by the   
money power2 by the power of            
respectability2 by ,comstock8 ,have they
 forgotten that the literary taste and  
critical judgment of the mass of the    
people have been successfully moulded to
 suit the will of these dictators1 and  
to serve as a good business basis for   
shrewd literary speculators8 ,the number
 of ,rip ,van ,winkles in life1 science1
 morality1 art1 and literature is very  
large4 ,innumerable ghosts1 such as     
,ibsen saw when he analyzed the moral   
and social conditions of our life1 still
 keep the majority of the human race in 
awe4  ,,mother ,,earth will endeavor to 
attract and appeal to all those who     
oppose encroachment on public and       
individual life4 ,it will appeal to     
those who strive for something higher1  
weary of the commonplace2 to those who  
feel that stagnation is a deadweight on 
the firm and elastic step of progress2  
to those who breathe freely only in     

limitless space2 to those who long for  
the tender shade of a new dawn for a    
humanity free from the dread of want1   
the dread of starvation in the face of  
mountains of riches4 ,the ,earth free   
for the free individual6                
,,emma ,,goldman1                       
,,max ,,baginski4   ,illustration       
,the ,song of the ,storm-,finch,a  ,by  
,,maxim ,,gorky        ,the strong wind 
is gathering the storm-clouds together  
,above the gray plain of the ocean so   
wide4      ,the storm-finch1 the bird   
that resembles dark lightning1          
,between clouds and ocean is soaring in 
pride4       ,now skimming the waves    
with his wings1 and now shooting        
,up1 arrow-like1 into the dark clouds on
 high1      ,the storm-finch is         
clamoring loudly and shrilly2      ,the 
clouds can hear joy in the bird's       
fearless cry4       ,in that cry is the 
yearning1 the thirst for the tempest1   
,and anger's hot might in its wild notes
 is heard2      ,the keen fire of       

passion1 the faith in sure triumph--    
,all these the clouds hear in the voice 
of the bird4444       ,the storm-wind is
 howling1 the thunder is roaring2       
,with flame blue and lambent the        
cloud-masses glow      ,o'er the        
fathomless ocean2 it catches the        
lightnings1      ,and quenches them deep
 in its whirlpool below4       ,like    
serpents of fire in the dark ocean      
writhing1      ,the lightnings reflected
 there quiver and shake      ,as into   
the blackness they vanish forever4      
,the tempest6 ,now quickly the tempest  
will break6       ,the storm-finch soars
 fearless and proud 'mid the lightnings1
      ,above the wild waves that the    
roaring winds fret2      ,and what is   
the prophet of victory saying8      ,oh1
 let the storm burst6 ,fiercer          
yet--fiercer yet6  ,,footnote3  ,a ,from
 ,songs of ,russia1 rendered into       
,english by ,,alice ,,stone ,,blackwell 
,illustration  ,to the ,readers  ,the   
name ,open ,road had to be abandoned1   

owing to the existence of a magazine by 
that name4     ,observations and        
,comments   ,the importance of written  
history for the people can easily be    
compared with the importance of a diary 
for the individual4 ,it furnishes data  
for recollections1 points of comparison 
between the ,past and ,present4 ,but as 
most diaries and auto-biographies show a
 lack of straight-forward1 big1 simple1 
sincere self-analyses1 so does history  
seldom prove a representation of facts1 
of the truth1 of reality4  ,the way     
history is written will depend          
altogether on whatever purpose the      
writers have in view1 and what they hope
 to achieve thereby4 ,it will altogether
 depend upon the sincerity or lack      
thereof1 upon the broad or narrow       
horizon of the historian4 ,that which   
passes as history in our schools1 or    
governmentally fabricated books on      
history1 is a forgery1 a                
misrepresentation of events4 ,like the  
old drama centering upon the impossible 

figure of the hero1 with a gesticulating
 crowd in the background4 ,quacks of    
history speak only of great men like    
,bonapartes1 ,bismarcks1 ,deweys1 or    
,rough ,riders as leaders of the people1
 while the latter serve as a setting1 a 
chorus1 howling the praise of the       
heroes1 and also furnishing their blood 
money for the whims and extravagances of
 their masters4 ,such history only tends
 to produce conceit1 national impudence1
 superciliousness and patriotic         
stupidity1 all of which is in full bloom
 in our great ,republic4  ,our aim is to
 teach a different conception of        
historical events4 ,to define them as an
 ever-recurring struggle for ,freedom   
against every form of ,might4 ,a        
struggle resultant from an innate       
yearning for self-expression1 and the   
recognition of one's own possibilities  
and their attitude toward other human   
beings4 ,history to us means a          
compilation of experiences1 out of which
 the individual1 as well as the race1   

will gain the right understanding how to
 shape and organize a mode of life best 
suited to bring out the finest and      
strongest qualities of the human race4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,american ,brutus is1 of course1 a 
business man and has no time to         
overthrow ,caesar4 ,recently1 however1  
the imperialistic stew became hot and   
too much for him4 ,the marriage of ,miss
 ,alice ,roosevelt produced such a bad  
odor of court gossip1 as to make the    
poor ,american ,brutus ill with nausea4 
,he grew indignant1 draped his sleeve in
 mourning1 and with gloomy mien and     
clenched fists1 went about prophesying  
the downfall of the ,republic4  ,between
 ourselves1 the number of those who     
still believe in the ,american ,republic
 can be counted on one's fingers4 ,one  
has either pierced through the lie1 all 
for the people and by the people--in    
that case one must become a             
,revolutionist2 or1 one has succeeded in
 putting one's bounty in safety--then he

 is a conservative4 ,no disturbances1   
please4 ,we are about to close a        
profitable contract4 ,modern bourgeoisie
 is absolutely indifferent as to who is 
to be their political boss1 just so they
 are given opportunity to store their   
profits1 and accumulate great wealth4   
,besides1 the cry about the decline of  
the great ,republic is really           
meaningless4 ,as far as it ever stood   
for liberty and well-being of the       
people1 it has long ceased to be4       
,therefore lamentations come too late4  
,true1 the ,american ,republic has not  
given birth to an aristocracy4 ,it has  
produced the power of the parvenu1 not  
less brutal than ,european aristocracy1 
only narrower in vision and not less    
vulgar in taste4  ,instead of mourning  
one ought to rejoice that the latest    
display of disgusting servility has     
completely thrown off the mantle of     
liberty and independence of ,dame       
,columbia1 now exposed before the       
civilized world in all her slavish      

submissiveness4         99       99     
99       99       99  ,the storm in     
,russia has frightened many out of their
 warm bed-clothes4  ,a real ,revolution 
in these police-regulated times4 ,more  
than one voice was raised against the   
possibility of a ,revolution1 and they  
who dared to predict it were considered 
fit for the lunatic asylum4  ,the       
workingmen1 peasants and students of    
,russia1 however1 have proven that the  
calculations of the wise contained a    
hitch somewhere4 ,a ,revolution swept   
across the country and did not even stop
 to ask permission of those in          
authority4  ,authority and ,power are   
now taking revenge on their daring sons 
and daughters4 ,the ,cossacks1 at the   
command of the good ,czar are           
celebrating a bloody feast--knouting1   
shooting1 clubbing people to death1     
dragging great masses to prisons and    
into exile1 and it is not the fault of  
that vicious idiot on the throne1 nor   
that of his advisors1 ,witte and the    

others1 if the ,revolution still marches
 on1 head erect4 ,were it in their      
power1 they would break her proud neck  
with one stroke1 but they cannot put the
 heads of a hundred million people on   
the block1 they cannot deport eighty    
millions of ,peasants to ,siberia1 nor  
can they order all the workingmen in the
 industrial districts shot4 ,were the   
working bees to be killed1 the drones   
would perish of starvation--that is why 
the ,czar of the ,peace ,treaty still   
suffers some of his people to live8---- 
99       99       99       99       99  
,in ,mayville1 ,wis41 a transvaluation  
society has been formed1 the purpose of 
which is1 to bring about the            
transvaluation of all values in matters 
of love and the relations of the sexes4 
,the members of this society are to     
contribute by word and deed towards the 
breaking of all barriers that prevent an
 ideal and healthy conception of love4  
,the president of this society1 ,emil   
,ruedebusch1 known in this country      

through his work1 ,the ,old and ,new    
,ideal1 which1 by the way1 was          
confiscated upon the grounds of         
obscenity and the author put on trial4  
,it is an undisputed fact that robust1  
graft-greedy ,columbia abhors every free
 expression on love or marriage4 ,emil  
,ruedebusch1 like many others who have  
dared to lift the veil of hypocrisy1 was
 condemned to a heavy fine4 ,a second   
work of the author1 ,die ,eigenen1 was  
published in ,germany4  ,his idea1 that 
the relation of the sexes must be freed 
from the oppressing fetters of a lame   
morality that degrades every human      
emotion to the plane of utility and     
purpose1 ,i heartily endorse4 ,his      
method of achieving the ideal seems to  
me too full of red tape4 ,however1 ,i   
welcome every effort against the        
conspiracy of ignorance1 hypocrisy and  
stupid prudery1 against the simplest    
manifestation of nature4  ,illustration 
,the ,tragedy of ,woman's ,emancipation 
,by ,,emma ,,goldman   ,i begin my      

article with an admission3 ,regardless  
of all political and economic theories1 
treating of the fundamental differences 
between the various groups within the   
human race1 regardless of class and race
 distinctions1 regardless of all        
artificial boundary lines between       
woman's rights and man's rights1 ,i hold
 that there is a point where these      
differentiations may meet and grow into 
one perfect whole4  ,with this ,i do not
 mean to propose a peace treaty4 ,the   
general social antagonism which has     
taken hold of our entire public life    
to-day1 brought about through the force 
of opposing and contradictory interests1
 will crumble to pieces when the        
reorganization of our social life1 based
 upon the principles of economic        
justice1 shall have become a reality4   
,peace and harmony between the sexes and
 individuals does not necessarily depend
 on a superficial equalization of human 
beings2 nor does it call for the        
elimination of individual traits or     

peculiarities4 ,the problem that        
confronts us to-day1 and which the      
nearest future is to solve1 is how to be
 oneself1 and yet in oneness with       
others1 to feel deeply with all human   
beings and still retain one's own innate
 qualities4 ,this seems to me the basis 
upon which the mass and the individual1 
the true democrat and the true          
individuality1 man and woman can meet   
without antagonism and opposition4 ,the 
motto should not be forgive one another2
 it should be1 understand one another4  
,the oft-quoted sentence of ,mme4 de    
,stael3 ,to understand everything means 
to forgive everything1 has never        
particularly appealed to me2 it has the 
odor of the confessional2 to forgive    
one's fellow being conveys the idea of  
pharisaical superiority4 ,to understand 
one's fellow being suffices4 ,this      
admission partly represents the         
fundamental aspect of my views on the   
emancipation of woman and its effect    
upon the entire sex4  ,emancipation     

should make it possible for her to be   
human in the truest sense4 ,everything  
within her that craves assertion and    
activity should reach its fullest       
expression2 and all artificial barriers 
should be broken and the road towards   
greater freedom cleared of every trace  
of centuries of submission and slavery4 
,this was the original aim of the       
movement for woman's emancipation4 ,but 
the results so far achieved have        
isolated woman and have robbed her of   
the fountain springs of that happiness  
which is so essential to her4 ,merely   
external emancipation has made of the   
modern woman an artificial being who    
reminds one of the products of ,french  
arboriculture with its arabesque trees  
and shrubs--pyramids1 wheels and        
wreaths2 anything except the forms which
 would be reached by the expression of  
their own inner qualities4 ,such        
artificially grown plants of the female 
sex are to be found in large numbers1   
especially in the so-called intellectual

 sphere of our life4  ,liberty and      
equality for woman6 ,what hopes and     
aspirations these words awakened when   
they were first uttered by some of the  
noblest and bravest souls of those days4
 ,the sun in all its light and glory was
 to rise upon a new world2 in this world
 woman was to be free to direct her own 
destiny1 an aim certainly worthy of the 
great enthusiasm1 courage1 perseverance 
and ceaseless effort of the tremendous  
host of pioneer men and women1 who      
staked everything against a world of    
prejudice and ignorance4  ,my hopes also
 move towards that goal1 but ,i insist  
that the emancipation of woman1 as      
interpreted and practically applied     
to-day1 has failed to reach that great  
end4 ,now1 woman is confronted with the 
necessity of emancipating herself from  
emancipation1 if she really desires to  
be free4 ,this may sound paradoxical1   
but is1 nevertheless1 only too true4    
,what has she achieved through her      
emancipation8 ,equal suffrage in a few  

states4 ,has that purified our political
 life1 as many well-meaning advocates   
have predicted8 ,certainly not4         
,incidentally it is really time that    
persons with plain1 sound judgment      
should cease to talk about corruption in
 politics in a boarding-school tone4    
,corruption of politics has nothing to  
do with the morals or the laxity of     
morals of various political             
personalities4 ,its cause is altogether 
a material one4 ,politics is the reflex 
of the business and industrial world1   
the mottoes of which are3 to take is    
more blessed than to give2 buy cheap and
 sell dear2 one soiled hand washes the  
other4 ,there is no hope that even      
woman1 with her right to vote1 will ever
 purify politics4  ,emancipation has    
brought woman economic equality with    
man2 that is1 she can choose her own    
profession and trade1 but as her past   
and present physical training have not  
equipped her with the necessary strength
 to compete with man1 she is often      

compelled to exhaust all her energy1 use
 up her vitality and strain every nerve 
in order to reach the market value4     
,very few ever succeed1 for it is a fact
 that women doctors1 lawyers1 architects
 and engineers are neither met with the 
same confidence1 nor do they receive the
 same remuneration4 ,and those that do  
reach that enticing equality generally  
do so at the expense of their physical  
and psychical well-being4 ,as to the    
great mass of working girls and women1  
how much independence is gained if the  
narrowness and lack of freedom of the   
home is exchanged for the narrowness and
 lack of freedom of the factory1        
sweat-shop1 department store1 or office8
 ,in addition is the burden which is    
laid on many women of looking after a   
home1 sweet home--cold1 dreary1         
disorderly1 uninviting--after a day's   
hard work4 ,glorious independence6 ,no  
wonder that hundreds of girls are so    
willing to accept the first offer of    
marriage1 sick and tired of their       

independence behind the counter1 or at  
the sewing or typewriting machine4 ,they
 are just as ready to marry as girls of 
middle class people who long to throw   
off the yoke of parental dependence4 ,a 
so-called independence which leads only 
to earning the merest subsistence is not
 so enticing1 not so ideal that one can 
expect woman to sacrifice everything for
 it4 ,our highly praised independence   
is1 after all1 but a slow process of    
dulling and stifling woman's nature1 her
 love instinct and her mother instinct4 
,nevertheless1 the position of the      
working girl is far more natural and    
human than that of her seemingly more   
fortunate sister in the more cultured   
professional walk of life4 ,teachers1   
physicians1 lawyers1 engineers1 etc41   
who have to make a dignified1           
straightened and proper appearance1     
while the inner life is growing empty   
and dead4  ,the narrowness of the       
existing conception of woman's          
independence and emancipation2 the dread

 of love for a man who is not her social
 equal2 the fear that love will rob her 
of her freedom and independence2 the    
horror that love or the joy of          
motherhood will only hinder her in the  
full exercise of her profession--all    
these together make of the emancipated  
modern woman a compulsory vestal1 before
 whom life1 with its great clarifying   
sorrows and its deep1 entrancing joys1  
rolls on without touching or gripping   
her soul4  ,emancipation as understood  
by the majority of its adherents and    
exponents1 is of too narrow a scope to  
permit the boundless joy and ecstasy    
contained in the deep emotion of the    
true woman1 sweetheart1 mother1 in      
freedom4  ,the tragic fate of the       
self-supporting or economically free    
woman does not consist of too many1 but 
of too few experiences4 ,true1 she      
surpasses her sister of past generations
 in knowledge of the world and human    
nature2 and it is because of that that  
she feels deeply the lack of life's     

essence1 which alone can enrich the     
human soul and without which the        
majority of women have become mere      
professional automatons4  ,that such a  
state of affairs was bound to come was  
foreseen by those who realized that in  
the domain of ethics1 there still       
remained many decaying ruins of the time
 of the undisputed superiority of man2  
ruins that are still considered useful4 
,and1 which is more important1 a goodly 
number of the emancipated are unable to 
get along without them4 ,every movement 
that aims at the destruction of existing
 institutions and the replacement       
thereof with such as are more advanced1 
more perfect1 has followers1 who in     
theory stand for the most extreme       
radical ideas1 and who1 nevertheless1 in
 their every-day practice1 are like the 
next best ,philistine1 feigning         
respectability and clamoring for the    
good opinion of their opponents4 ,there 
are1 for example1 ,socialists1 and even 
,anarchists1 who stand for the idea that

 property is robbery1 yet who will grow 
indignant if anyone owe them the value  
of a half-dozen pins4  ,the same        
,philistine can be found in the movement
 for woman's emancipation4 ,yellow      
journalists and milk and water          
literateurs have painted pictures of the
 emancipated woman that make the hair of
 the good citizen and his dull companion
 stand up on end4 ,every member of the  
women's rights movement was pictured as 
a ,george ,sand in her absolute         
disregard of morality4 ,nothing was     
sacred to her4 ,she had no respect for  
the ideal relation between man and      
woman4 ,in short1 emancipation stood    
only for a reckless life of lust and    
sin2 regardless of society1 religion and
 morality4 ,the exponents of woman's    
rights were highly indignant at such a  
misrepresentation1 and1 lacking in      
humor1 they exerted all their energy to 
prove that they were not at all as bad  
as they were painted1 but the very      
reverse4 ,of course1 as long as woman   

was the slave of man1 she could not be  
good and pure1 but now that she was free
 and independent she would prove how    
good she could be and how her influence 
would have a purifying effect on all    
institutions in society4 ,true1 the     
movement for woman's rights has broken  
many old fetters1 but it has also       
established new ones4 ,the great        
movement of true emancipation has not   
met with a great race of women1 who     
could look liberty in the face4 ,their  
narrow puritanical vision banished man  
as a disturber and doubtful character   
out of their emotional life4 ,man was   
not to be tolerated at any price1 except
 perhaps as the father of a child1 since
 a child could not very well come to    
life without a father4 ,fortunately1 the
 most rigid puritanism never will be    
strong enough to kill the innate craving
 for motherhood4 ,but woman's freedom is
 closely allied to man's freedom1 and   
many of my so-called emancipated sisters
 seem to overlook the fact that a child 

born in freedom needs the love and      
devotion of each human being about him1 
man as well as woman4 ,unfortunately1 it
 is this narrow conception of human     
relations that has brought about a great
 tragedy in the lives of the modern man 
and woman4  ,about fifteen years ago    
appeared a work from the pen of the     
brilliant ,norwegian writer1 ,laura     
,marholm1 called ,woman1 a ,character   
,study4 ,she was one of the first to    
call attention to the emptiness and     
narrowness of the existing conception of
 woman's emancipation and its tragic    
effect upon the inner life of woman4 ,in
 her work she speaks of the fate of     
several gifted women of international   
fame3 ,the genius1 ,eleanora ,duse2 the 
great mathematician and writer1 ,sanja  
,kovalevskaja2 the artist and poet      
nature1 ,marie ,bashkirzeff1 who died so
 young4 ,through each description of the
 lives of these women of such           
extraordinary mentality1 runs a marked  
trail of unsatisfied craving for a full1

 rounded1 complete and beautiful life1  
and the unrest and loneliness resulting 
from the lack of it4 ,through these     
masterly psychological sketches1 one    
cannot help but see that the higher the 
mental development of woman1 the less   
possible it is for her to meet a        
congenial mate1 who will see in her1 not
 only sex1 but also the human being1 the
 friend1 comrade and strong             
individuality1 who cannot and ought not 
lose a single trait of her character4   
,the average man with his               
self-sufficiency1 his ridiculously      
superior airs of patronage towards the  
female sex1 is an impossibility for     
woman1 as depicted in the ,character    
,study by ,laura ,marholm4 ,equally     
impossible for her is the man who can   
see in her nothing more than her        
mentality and genius1 and who fails to  
awaken her woman nature4  ,a rich       
intellect and a fine soul are usually   
considered necessary attributes of a    
deep and beautiful personality4 ,in the 

case of the modern woman1 these         
attributes serve as a hindrance to the  
complete assertion of her being4 ,for   
over a hundred years1 the old form of   
marriage1 based on the ,bible1 till     
death us do part has been denounced as  
an institution that stands for the      
sovereignty of the man over the woman1  
of her complete submission to his whims 
and commands and the absolute dependence
 upon his name and support4 ,time and   
again it has been conclusively proven   
that the old matrimonial relation       
restricted woman to the function of     
man's servant and the bearer of his     
children4 ,and yet we find many         
emancipated women who prefer marriage   
with all its deficiencies to the        
narrowness of an unmarried life2 narrow 
and unendurable because of the chains of
 moral and social prejudice that cramp  
and bind her nature4  ,the cause for    
such inconsistency on the part of many  
advanced women is to be found in the    
fact that they never truly understood   

the meaning of emancipation4 ,they      
thought that all that was needed was    
independence from external tyrannies2   
the internal tyrants1 far more harmful  
to life and growth1 such as ethical and 
social conventions1 were left to take   
care of themselves2 and they have taken 
care of themselves4 ,they seem to get   
along beautifully in the heads and      
hearts of the most active exponents of  
woman's emancipation1 as in the heads   
and hearts of our grandmothers4  ,these 
internal tyrants1 whether they be in the
 form of public opinion or what will    
mother say1 or brother1 father1 aunt or 
relative of any sort2 what will ,mrs4   
,grundy1 ,mr4 ,comstock1 the employer1  
the ,board of ,education say8 ,all these
 busybodies1 moral detectives1 jailers  
of the human spirit1 what will they say8
 ,until woman has learned to defy them  
all1 to stand firmly on her own ground  
and to insist upon her own unrestricted 
freedom1 to listen to the voice of her  
nature1 whether it call for life's      

greatest treasure1 love for a man1 or   
her most glorious privilege1 the right  
to give birth to a child1 she cannot    
call herself emancipated4 ,how many     
emancipated women are brave enough to   
acknowledge that the voice of love is   
calling1 wildly beating against their   
breasts demanding to be heard1 to be    
satisfied4  ,the ,french novelist1 ,jean
 ,reibrach1 in one of his novels1 ,new  
,beauty1 attempts to picture the ideal1 
beautiful1 emancipated woman4 ,this     
ideal is embodied in a young girl1 a    
physician4 ,she talks very clearly and  
wisely of how to feed infants1 she is   
kind and administers medicines free to  
poor mothers4 ,she converses with a     
young man of her acquaintance about the 
sanitary conditions of the future and   
how various bacilli and germs shall be  
exterminated by the use of stone walls  
and floors1 and the doing away of rugs  
and hangings4 ,she is1 of course1 very  
plainly and practically dressed1 mostly 
in black4 ,the young man1 who1 at their 

first meeting was overawed by the wisdom
 of his emancipated friend1 gradually   
learns to understand her1 and recognizes
 one fine day that he loves her4 ,they  
are young and she is kind and beautiful1
 and though always in rigid attire1 her 
appearance is softened by spotlessly    
clean white collar and cuffs4 ,one would
 expect that he would tell her of his   
love1 but he is not one to commit       
romantic absurdities4 ,poetry and the   
enthusiasm of love cover their blushing 
faces before the pure beauty of the     
lady4 ,he silences the voice of his     
nature and remains correct4 ,she1 too1  
is always exact1 always rational1 always
 well behaved4 ,i fear if they had      
formed a union1 the young man would have
 risked freezing to death4 ,i must      
confess that ,i can see nothing         
beautiful in this new beauty1 who is as 
cold as the stone walls and floors she  
dreams of4 ,rather would ,i have the    
love songs of romantic ages1 rather ,don
 ,juan and ,madame ,venus1 rather an    

elopement by ladder and rope on a       
moonlight night1 followed by a father's 
curse1 mother's moans1 and the moral    
comments of neighbors1 than correctness 
and propriety measured by yardsticks4   
,if love does not know how to give and  
take without restriction it is not love1
 but a transaction that never fails to  
lay stress on a plus and a minus4  ,the 
greatest shortcoming of the emancipation
 of the present day lies in its         
artificial stiffness and its narrow     
respectabilities which produce an       
emptiness in woman's soul that will not 
let her drink from the fountain of life4
 ,i once remarked that there seemed to  
be a deeper relationship between the    
old-fashioned mother and hostess1 ever  
on the alert for the happiness of her   
little ones and the comfort of those she
 loved and the truly new woman1 than    
between the latter and her average      
emancipated sister4 ,the disciples of   
emancipation pure and simple declared me
 heathen1 merely fit for the stake4     

,their blind zeal did not let them see  
that my comparison between the old and  
the new was merely to prove that a      
goodly number of our grandmothers had   
more blood in their veins1 far more     
humor and wit1 and certainly a greater  
amount of naturalness1 kind-heartedness 
and simplicity than the majority of our 
emancipated professional women who fill 
our colleges1 halls of learning1 and    
various offices4 ,this does not mean a  
wish to return to the past1 nor does it 
condemn woman to her old sphere1 the    
kitchen and the nursery4  ,salvation    
lies in an energetic march onward       
towards a brighter and clearer future4  
,we are in need of unhampered growth out
 of old traditions and habits4 ,the     
movement for woman's emancipation has so
 far made but the first step in that    
direction4 ,it is to be hoped that it   
will gather strength to make another4   
,the right to vote1 equal civil rights1 
are all very good demands1 but true     
emancipation begins neither at the polls

 nor in courts4 ,it begins in woman's   
soul4 ,history tells us that every      
oppressed class gained its true         
liberation from its masters through its 
own efforts4 ,it is necessary that woman
 learn that lesson1 that she realize    
that her freedom will reach as far as   
her power to achieve her freedom        
reaches4 ,it is therefore far more      
important for her to begin with her     
inner regeneration1 to cut loose from   
the weight of prejudices1 traditions1   
and customs4 ,the demand for various    
equal rights in every vocation in life  
is just and fair1 but1 after all1 the   
most vital right is the right to love   
and be loved4 ,indeed if the partial    
emancipation is to become a complete and
 true emancipation of woman1 it will    
have to do away with the ridiculous     
notion that to be loved1 to be          
sweetheart and mother1 is synonomous    
with being slave or subordinate4 ,it    
will have to do away with the absurd    
notion of the dualism of the sexes1 or  

that man and woman represent two        
antagonistic worlds4  ,pettiness        
separates1 breadth unites4 ,let us be   
broad and big4 ,let us not overlook     
vital things1 because of the bulk of    
trifles confronting us4 ,a true         
conception of the relation of the sexes 
will not admit of conqueror and         
conquered2 it knows of but one great    
thing3 to give of one's self boundlessly
 in order to find oneself richer1       
deeper1 better4 ,that alone can fill the
 emptiness and replace the tragedy of   
woman's emancipation with joy1 limitless
 joy4  ,illustration     ,,try ,,love   
,by ,,grace ,,potter   ,in the human    
heart it lies4 ,the key to happiness    
,men call the key love4 ,in the sweet   
time of youth1 every man and every maid 
knows where lies the key that will      
unlock happiness4 ,sometimes1 they1     
laughing1 hold the key in eager1 willing
 hands and will not put it in the door  
for very bliss and waiting4 ,just       
outside they laugh and play and blow    

wild kisses to the world4 ,the whole    
world of men and women1 who in their    
youth found happiness in just that way1 
is gathered round to see it found again4
  ,when at last the man and maid unlock 
the door and go in joy to find their    
happiness1 the men and women who have   
been watching them bury their faces in  
their hands and weep4 ,why do they weep8
 ,because they are thinking that soon   
other doors in life will be met by this 
man and maid and that there will be no  
keys to unlock them4 ,they1 themselves1 
could find no key4  ,they never thought 
of trying the key of love in all the    
doors of life4 ,long and wearily1 eyes  
searching wide1 hands eagerly groping1  
they have spent their time trying to    
find other keys4 ,they have looked for  
and found knowledge4 ,and tried that4   
,looked for and found fame4 ,and tried  
that4 ,looked for and found wealth4 ,and
 tried that4 ,looked for and found many1
 many other keys4 ,and tried them all4  
,and when at last they have lain down on

 their deathbeds1 they have turned gray 
hopeless faces to the world and died    
saying1 ,we could not find the right    
key4  ,some few1 some very few1 there   
are1 who try the key of love in all     
life's doors4 ,radiant1 they turn to the
 men and women about and cry1 ,try love6
 ,it unlocks all other doors as surely  
as it does the first in life4 ,try love6
  ,and though their fellow beings see   
that these are the only ones in all the 
world who find happiness1 they turn     
doubting from them4 ,it cannot be1 they 
say1 that the key we used in youth      
should be used again in all the other   
doors of life4 ,and so they keep on     
trying the keys that every disappointed1
 dying man calls out in warning voice   
will fail4  ,only a few there are who   
learn--a very few--that love unlocks all
 other doors in life as surely as it    
does the first4 ,try love6              
,illustration  ,japan4--,a new          
civilization4 ,the land of a new        
culture6 was the cry of every           

penny-a-liner at the time when she began
 to display her battleships1 cannon1 and
 her accomplished method of drilling her
 soldiers4 ,they were mocking themselves
 and did not know how4 ,they talk of    
culture and civilization and their      
criterion thereof is the development of 
the technique of murder4 ,again1 ,japan 
a modern state4 ,she can take her place 
in the ranks of other civilized         
countries4 ,rejoice6 and then learn that
 victorious ,japan is on the threshold  
of a famine4 ,nearly a million people1  
it is laconically reported1 are in      
danger of dying of starvation4 ,surely1 
no one will possibly doubt now that     
,japan is a civilized country4          
,,without ,,government  ,by ,,max       
,,baginski   ,the gist of the           
anarchistic idea is this1 that there are
 qualities present in man1 which permit 
the possibilities of social life1       
organization1 and co-operative work     
without the application of force4 ,such 
qualities are solidarity1 common action1

 and love of justice4 ,to-day they are  
either crippled or made ineffective     
through the influence of compulsion2    
they can hardly be fully unfolded in a  
society in which groups1 classes1 and   
individuals are placed in hostile1      
irreconcilable opposition to one        
another4 ,in human nature to-day such   
traits are fostered and developed which 
separate instead of combining1 call     
forth hatred instead of a common        
feeling1 destroy the humane instead of  
building it up4 ,the cultivation of     
these traits could not be so successful 
if it did not find the best nourishment 
in the foundations and institutions of  
the present social order4  ,on close    
inspection of these institutions1 which 
are based upon the power of the ,state  
that maintains them1 mankind shows      
itself as a huge menagerie1 in which the
 captive beasts seek to tear the morsels
 from each other's greedy jaws4 ,the    
sharpest teeth1 the strongest claws and 
paws vanquish the weaker competitors4   

,malice and underhand dealing are       
victorious over frankness and           
confidence4 ,the struggle for the means 
of existence and for the maintenance of 
achieved power fill the entire space of 
the menagerie with an infernal noise4   
,among the methods which are used to    
secure this organized bestiality the    
most prominent ones are the hangman1 the
 judge with his mechanical3 ,in the name
 of the king1 or his more hypocritical3 
,in the name of the people ,i pass      
sentence2 the soldier with his training 
for murder1 and the priest with his3    
,authority comes from ,god4  ,the       
exteriors of prisons1 armories1 and     
churches show that they are institutions
 in which the body and soul are subdued4
 ,he whose thoughts reach beyond this   
philosophy of the menagerie sees in them
 the strongest expression of the view1  
that it is not possible to make life    
worth living the more with the help of  
reason1 love1 justice1 solidarity4 ,the 
family and school take care to prepare  

man for these institutions4 ,they       
deliver him up to the state1 so to      
speak1 blindfolded and with fettered    
limbs4 ,force1 force4 ,it echoes through
 all history4 ,the first law which      
subjected man to man was based upon     
force4 ,the private right of the        
individual to land was built up by      
force2 force took way the claims upon   
homesteads from the majority and made   
them unsettled and transitory4 ,it was  
force that spoke to mankind thus3 ,come 
to me1 humble yourself before me1 serve 
me1 bring the treasures and riches of   
the earth under ,,my roof4 ,you are     
destined by ,providence to always be in 
want4 ,you shall be allowed just enough 
to maintain strength with which to      
enrich me infinitely by your exertions  
and to load me down with superfluity and
 luxury4  ,what maintains the material  
and intellectual slavery of the masses  
and the insanity of the autocracy of the
 few8 ,force4 ,workingmen produce in the
 factories and workshops the most varied

 things for the use of man4 ,what is it 
that drives them to yield up these      
products for speculation's sake to those
 who produce nothing1 and to content    
themselves with only a fractional part  
of the values which they produce8 ,it is
 force4  ,what is it that makes the     
brain-worker just as dependent in the   
intellectual realm as the artisan in the
 material world8 ,force4 ,the artist and
 the writer being compelled to gain a   
livelihood dare not dream of giving the 
best of their individuality4 ,no1 they  
must scan the market in order to find   
out what is demanded just then4 ,not any
 different than the dealer in clothes   
who must study the style of the season  
before he places his merchandise before 
the public4 ,thus art and literature    
sink to the level of bad taste and      
speculation4 ,the artistic individuality
 shrinks before the calculating         
reckoner4 ,not that which moves the     
artist or the writer most receives      
expression2 the vacillating demands of  

mediocrity of every-day people must be  
satisfied4 ,the artist becomes the      
helper of the dealer and the average    
men1 who trot along in the tracks of    
dull habit4  ,the ,state ,socialists    
love to assert that at present we live  
in the age of individualism2 the truth1 
however1 is that individuality was never
 valued at so low a rate as to-day4     
,individual thinking and feeling are    
incumbrances and not recommendations on 
the paths of life4 ,wherever they are   
found on the market they meet with the  
word adaptation4 ,adapt yourself to the 
demands of the reigning social powers1  
act the obedient servant before them1   
and if you produce something be sure    
that it does not run against the grain  
of your superiors1 or say adieu to      
success1 reputation and recompense4     
,amuse the people1 be their clown1 give 
them platitudes about which they can    
laugh1 prejudices which they hold as    
righteousness and falsehoods which they 
hold as truths4 ,paint the whole1 crown 

it with regard for good manners1 for    
society does not like to hear the truth 
about itself4 ,praise the men in power  
as fathers of the people1 have the      
devourers of the common wealth parade   
along as benefactors of mankind4  ,of   
course1 the force which humbles humanity
 in this manner is far from openly      
declaring itself as force4 ,it is       
masked1 and in the course of time it has
 learned to step forward with the least 
possible noise4 ,that diminishes the    
danger of being recognized4  ,the modern
 republic is a good example4 ,in it     
tyranny is veiled so correctly1 that    
there are really great numbers of people
 who are deceived by this masquerade1   
and who maintain that what they perceive
 is a true face with honest eyes4  ,no  
czar1 no king4 ,but right in line with  
these are the landowners1 the merchants1
 manufacturers1 landlords1 monopolists4 
,they all are in possession1 which is as
 strong a guarantee for the continuance 
of their power1 as a castle surrounded  

by thick walls4 ,whoever possesses can  
rob him who possesses nothing of his    
independence4 ,if ,i am dependent for a 
living on work1 for which ,i need       
contrivances and machines1 which ,i my  
self cannot procure1 because ,i am      
without means1 ,i must sacrifice my     
independence to him who possesses these 
contrivances and machines4 ,you may work
 here1 he will tell me1 but only under  
the condition that you will deliver up  
the products of your labor to me1 that  
,i may trade with and make profit on    
them4  ,the one without possessions has 
no choice4 ,he may appeal to the        
declaration of human rights2 he may     
point to his political rights1 the      
equality before the law1 before ,god and
 the archangels--if he wants to eat1    
drink1 dress and have a home he must    
choose such work as the conditions of   
the industrial mercantile or            
agricultural plants impose upon him4    
,through organized opposition the       
workingmen can somewhat improve this    

condition2 by the help of trade unions  
they can regulate the hours of work and 
hinder the reduction of wages to a level
 too low for mere living4 ,the trade    
unions are a necessity for the          
workingmen1 a bulwark against which the 
most unbearable demands of the class of 
possessors rebound2 but a complete      
freeing of labor--be it of an           
intellectual or of a physical           
nature--can be brought about only       
through the abolition of wage work and  
the right of private ownership of land  
and the sources of maintenance and      
nourishment of mankind4 ,there are      
heart-rending cries over the blasphemous
 opinion that property is not as holy a 
thing as its possessors would like to   
make it4 ,they declare that possessions 
must not be less protected than human   
life1 for they are necessary foundations
 of society4 ,the case is represented as
 though everybody were highly interested
 in the maintenance of the right of     
private property1 whereas conditions are

 such that non-possession is the normal 
condition of most people4  ,because few 
possess everything1 therefore the many  
possess nothing4 ,so far as possession  
can be considered as an oppressive      
measure in the hands of a few1 it is a  
monopoly4 ,set in a paradox it would    
read3 ,the abolition of property will   
free the people from homelessness and   
non-possession4 ,in fact1 this will     
happen when the earth with its treasures
 shall cease to be an object of trade   
for usurers2 when it shall vouchsafe to 
all a home and a livelihood4 ,then not  
only the bent bodies will straighten2   
the intellect free itself as might the  
bound ,prometheus rid himself of his    
fetters and leave the rock to which he  
is chained1 but we shall look back on   
the institutions of force1 the state1   
the hangman1 et al1 as ghosts of an     
anxious fantasy4  ,in free unions the   
trades will organize themselves and will
 produce the means of livelihood4       
,things will not be produced for        

profit's sake1 but for the sake of need4
 ,the profit-grabber has grown          
superfluous just as his patron1 the     
state1 which at present serves by means 
of its taxes and revenues1 his          
anti-humanitarian purposes and hinders  
the reasonable consumption of goods4    
,from the governing mania the foundation
 will be withdrawn2 for those strata in 
society will be lacking which therefore 
had grown rich and fat by monopolizing  
the earth and its production4 ,they     
alone needed legislatures to make laws  
against the disinherited4 ,they needed  
courts of justice to condemn2 they      
needed the police to carry out          
practically the terrible social         
injustice1 the cause of which lay in    
their existence and manner of living4   
,and now the political corruptionists   
are lacking who served the              
above-mentioned classes as helpers1 and 
therefore had to be supported as smaller
 drones4  ,what a pleasant surprise6 ,we
 see now that the production and        

distribution of means of livelihood are 
a much simpler matter without government
 than with government4 ,and people now  
realize that the governments never      
promoted their welfare1 but rather made 
it impossible1 since with the help of   
force they only allowed the right of    
possession to the minority4  ,life is   
really worth living now4 ,it ceases to  
be an endless1 mad drudgery1 a repugnant
 struggle for a mere existence4  ,truth 
and beauty are enthroned upon the       
necessity of procuring the means of     
existence in a co-operative organized   
manner4 ,the social motives which to-day
 make man ambitious1 hypocritical1      
stealthy1 are ineffective4 ,one need not
 sell his individuality for a mess of   
pottage1 as ,esau sold his              
primogeniture4  ,at last the            
individuality of man has struck a solid 
social foundation on which it can       
prosper4 ,the individual originality in 
man is valued2 it fructifies art1       
literature1 science1 which now1 in so   

far as they are dependent upon the state
 and ownership--which is                
far-reaching--must take the direction of
 prescribed models that are             
acknowledged1 and must not be directed  
against the continuance of the leisure  
classes4  ,love will be free4 ,love's   
favor is a free granting1 a giving and  
taking without speculation4 ,no         
prostitution2 for the economic and      
social power of one person over another 
exists no longer1 and with the falling  
off of external oppression many an      
internal serfdom of feeling will be done
 away with1 which often is only the     
reflex of hard external compulsion4     
,then the longing of large hearts may   
take tangible shape4 ,utopias are arrows
 aimed into the future1 harbingers of a 
new reality4  ,rabelais1 in his         
description of life in the ,thelemite   
,abbey1 wrote3  ,all their life was     
spent not in laws1 statutes1 or rules1  
but according to their own free will and
 pleasure4 ,they rose out of their beds 

when they thought good2 they did eat1   
drink1 labor1 sleep1 when they had a    
mind to it1 and were disposed for it4   
,none did awake them1 none did offer to 
constrain them to eat1 drink1 nor do any
 other thing4 ,in all their rule and    
strictest tie of their order1 there was 
but this one clause to be observed3 ',do
 ,what ,thou ,wilt4'  ,because men that 
are free1 well-born1 well-bred1 and     
conversant in honest companies1 have    
naturally an instinct and spur that     
prompteth them unto virtuous actions1   
and withdraws them from vice1 which is  
called honor4 ,those same men1 when by  
base subjection and constraint they are 
brought under and kept down1 turn aside 
from that noble disposition1 by which   
they formerly were inclined to virtue1  
to shake off that bond of servitude1    
wherein they are so tyrannously         
enslaved2 for it is agreeable to the    
nature of man to long after things      
forbidden1 and to desire what is denied 
us4 ,by this liberty they entered into a

 very laudable emulation1 to do all of  
them what they saw did please one4 ,if  
any of the gallants or ladies should    
say1 ',let us drink1' they would all    
drink4 ,if any one of them said1 ',let  
us play1' they all played4 ,if one said1
 ',let us go a walking into the fields1'
 they went all4 ,if it were to go a     
hawking1 or a hunting1 the ladies       
mounted upon dainty well-paced nags1    
seated in a stately palfrey saddle1     
carried on their lovely fists either a  
sparhawk1 or a lanneret1 or a marlin1   
and the young gallants carried the other
 kinds of hawks4 ,so nobly were they    
taught1 that there was neither he nor   
she amongst them1 but could read1 write1
 sing1 play upon several musical        
instruments1 speak five or six several  
languages1 and compose in them all very 
quaintly1 both in verse and prose4      
,never were seen so valiant knights1 so 
noble and worthy1 so dexterous and      
skilful both on foot and horseback1 more
 brisk and lively1 more nimble and      

quick1 or better handling all manner of 
weapons1 than were there4 ,never were   
seen ladies so proper and handsome1 so  
miniard and dainty1 less forward1 or    
more ready with their hand1 and with    
their needle1 in every honest and free  
action belonging to that sex1 than were 
there4  ,illustration  ,a few days ago  
the red ghost of revolution showed      
itself in the ,white ,house4 ,the       
,president saw it and threatened it with
 his boxing fists3 ,what are you looking
 for here1 be off to ,russia4 ,you are  
comical in your excitement1 answered    
,revolution4 ,you must know1 ,i am not  
only ,russian1 ,i am international1 at  
home here as well as on the other side  
of the great water4  ,a                 
,proposition4--,would it not be wiser to
 explain theories out of life and not   
life out of theories8     ,,vive ,,le   
,,roi   ,,by ,,frances ,,maule          
,,bjorkman        ,aye1 vive le roi4    
,the ,king is dead--         ,so move   
our lives from day to day4      ,the    

triumph of to-morrow's lord             
,meets for our former chief's decay4    
,then love and live and laugh and sing--
         ,the world is good and life is 
free--      ,there's not a single care  
,i know         ,that's worth a single  
tear from me4       ,what's love or fame
 or place or power8         ,what's     
wealth when we shall come to die8       
,what matters anything on earth         
,so long as only ,i am ,i8       ,the   
,joy or grief or love or shame          
,that holds its little hour of sway     
,is only worth its destined time--      
,what use to try to make it stay8       
,aye1 let it go4 ,the monarch dead1     
,a better king our shouts may hail      
,and if a worse--well1 still be glad2   
,he too will pass behind the vail4      
,they all must pass--fame1 joy and love1
         ,the sting of grief1 the blot  
of shame2      ,the only thing that     
really counts         ,is how we bear   
the praise or blame4       ,i'll take   
the good the while it lasts         ,and

 when it goes ,i'll learn to sing1      
,all eager for the coming joy--         
,the king is dead1 long live the king4  
,reflections of ,a ,rich ,man   ,if ,god
 were not in existence we would have to 
order one from the ,professors of       
,theology4  ,the fear1 instilled in the 
majority of the poor1 with the ,god1    
,devil1 ,heaven and ,hell idea1 is      
greater than their dread of a hundred   
thousand policemen4 ,had we not given   
,god the place of ,chief ,gendarme of   
the ,universe1 we would need twice as   
many soldiers and police as we have     
to-day4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,a poor devil who owns but 
one million dollars said to me the other
 day3 ,i1 in your place1 would rather   
contribute money towards art and        
literature than to donate it to the     
,baptist ,church4 ,what an impracticable
 fellow6 ,art and literature1 among the 
common people1 only tends to cause      
mischief4 ,they are to remain our       
privilege4 ,we know the demands of good 

taste and we can afford to pay for the  
aesthetic pleasures of life4 ,the       
majority is unable to do that2 besides1 
to teach them the beauty of art only    
means to make them discontented and     
rebellious against our authority4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,i frankly admit ,i never had a great   
admiration for ,jesus of ,nazareth4 ,a  
man of disordered circumstances arouses 
my disgust4 ,jesus was neither engaged  
in any kind of a business1 nor did he   
possess as much as a bank account1 nor  
even a steady home4 ,he preached to the 
poor4 ,what for8 ,the poor should work  
and not philosophize4 ,the ,scriptures  
tell nowhere that ,jesus returned the   
mule1 upon which he made his entry into 
,jerusalem1 to the owner1 or that he    
paid him for it4 ,i strongly suspect he 
did not do it4 ,one thing is certain1 ,i
 never would have taken this dreamer of 
the abolition of profits as my business 
partner4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,it was very hot yesterday4

 ,i walked through my park1 intending to
 betake myself to my favorite place for 
rest and reverie4 ,suddenly ,i stood    
still1 arrested by the sight of a man   
lying under a tree4 ,in my park8 ,and   
how the fellow looked6 ,in rags and     
dirty6 ,i have been told ,i was         
kind-hearted1 and ,i realized this      
myself at the moment4 ,i walked over to 
the man and inquired interestedly3 ,are 
you ill8 ,he grunted in reply4 ,the     
wretch must have thought1 in his sleep1 
that ,i was one of his kind4 ,my        
generosity did not cease4 ,if you need  
money1 do not feel shy about telling me4
 ,how much do you need4 ,i am the rich  
,x ,y ,z1 who has a fabulous fortune1 as
 you have undoubtedly heard4 ,at this   
remark the scoundrel turned on the other
 side1 with his back toward me1 and     
said1 while yawning3 ,what ,i want8 ,i  
want to sleep4 ,will you be good enough 
to keep the mosquitoes away for two     
hours8 ,within five minutes ,i had my   
servant kick this impertinent and       

ungrateful wretch out of my park4 ,if   
all of the low class think as this      
fellow1 ,i fear our charitable efforts  
in their behalf will accomplish little4 
,illustration  ,eleven million1 nine    
hundred and seventeen thousand1 nine    
hundred and forty-six dollars and       
fifty-eight cents is what the gallant   
,gen4 ,bingham asks us for protecting us
 from each other for the ensuing year4  
,with a population of four million and  
#d4ej members to a family1 we pay a     
fraction less than #c per head1 and     
about #ac4ej for a family1 a year for   
police protection in this enlightened   
,christian 7#gej1jjj of us are ,jews1   
but ours is a ,christian city7 city of  
ours4 ,i'd give that silver watch of    
mine away and mind my own business if ,i
 thought it would come cheaper1 but it  
won't do4 ,h4 ,h4 ,rogers is my brother 
and keeper1 and he insists he needs     
protection1 and ,i must pay for it1 so  
what can ,i do8 ,i've told him ,i'm a   
peaceful1 propertyless man with no      

higher ambition than to love my         
fellow-man--and woman1 and mind my own  
business2 but his reply has invariably  
been1 ,i'm ,dr4 ,tarr1 and my system    
prevails in this lunatic asylum6 ,i     
recognize the logic of his argument all 
right and continue to pay for his       
protection and feel grateful for the    
privilege of grumbling a little now and 
again4     ,,comstockery  ,by ,,john ,r4
 ,,coryell   ,be it understood that the 
shocking thing which we know as         
,comstockery1 goes back into the        
centuries for its origin2 being1 indeed1
 the perfect flower of that asceticism1 
which was engrafted on the degraded     
,christianity which took its name from  
,christ without in the least            
comprehending the spirit of his lofty   
conception4  ,the man ,comstock1 who has
 the shameful distinction of having lent
 his name to the idea of which he is the
 willing and probably the fit exponent1 
may be dismissed without further        
consideration1 since he is1 after all1  

only the inevitable as he is the        
deplorable result of that for which he  
stands2 seemingly without any sense of  
the shame and the awfulness of it4  ,it 
may be said1 too1 in dismissing him1    
that it is of no consequence whether the
 very unpleasant stories current        
concerning him are true or not4 ,it is  
altogether probable that a man who      
stands for what he does and who glories 
in proclaiming the things he does1 will 
also do things for which he does not    
stand and which he does not proclaim4   
,that is a characteristic of most of us 
and only proves that1 after all1 he is  
not less than human4  ,the only point   
that need be made in regard to the man  
who is proud of representing            
,comstockery is1 that if he had not done
 so1 some other lost soul would4 ,in    
that sad stage of our social growth when
 death was the penalty for most         
infractions of the law1 an executioner  
could always be found who took pride in 
his work and who seemed to be beyond the

 reach of the scorn1 the abhorrence and 
the contempt of his fellows4            
,comstockery1 as we know it1 is         
apparently an organized effort to       
regulate the morals of the people4 ,if  
it were nothing more than this1 it would
 be absurd and negligible1 because      
futile2 for what we call morals are only
 the observances which the conditions of
 life impose upon a people2 and an act  
depends1 for its moral status1 upon its 
relation to those conditions4 ,as1 for  
example1 horse-stealing in a closely    
settled community1 which has its        
railroads and other means of            
communication1 is a crime to be punished
 by a brief period of imprisonment2     
while in the sparsely settled sections  
of a country1 where the horse is an     
imperative necessity of life1 its theft 
becomes a hanging matter1 whatever the  
written law for that section of the     
country may be as to the punishment of  
the crime4 ,and men1 brought up in      
law-abiding communities in the deepest  

respect for the law1 will1 under the    
changed conditions of life1 not merely  
condone the infliction of a penalty in  
excess of that provided by law1 but will
 themselves assist1 virtuously satisfied
 with their conduct because the society 
of which they form a part has decided   
that horse-stealing shall be so         
punished4 ,on the other hand1 there are 
numerous laws on the statute books1     
still unrepealed and unenforceable      
because the acts treated of are no      
longer held to be offences against      
morality4 ,in other words1 the morals of
 a people can be regulated only by      
themselves4  ,what ,comstockery does is 
bad enough1 but its real awfulness lies 
in the fact that it seems to fairly     
enough represent us in our attitude     
toward a certain class of ideas and     
things4 ,it is the expression of our    
essential immorality--using that word in
 its conventional sense--having its     
roots deep down in pruriency1 hypocrisy 
and ignorance4 ,like the blush on the   

cheek of the courtesan1 it deceives no  
one1 but is none the less a truthful    
expression1 not of the thing it         
simulates1 but of the character of the  
simulator4  ,comstockery was probably   
brought to this country by the first    
,anglo-,saxon1 whether pirate or        
minister of the gospel1 who set foot on 
this soil2 certainly it was a finely    
blooming plant on the ,mayflower1 and   
was soon blossoming here as never       
elsewhere in the world1 giving out such 
a fragrance that the peculiar odor of it
 has become a characteristic of this    
land of liberty4  ,when the so-called   
,comstock laws were passed there was a  
real disease to be treated3 ,the        
symptoms of the disease were obscene    
books and pictures which were being     
freely circulated among the children of 
the land1 boarding-schools1 whether for 
girls or boys1 being fairly flooded with
 the pernicious literature4 ,the work of
 confiscation1 suppression and of       
imprisonment was done thoroughly and    

conscientiously1 so that in the course  
of a comparatively short time it was    
difficult to find books or pictures of  
the kind in question4 ,it is said that  
the effectiveness of the work done is   
best shown by the one or more libraries 
of obscene books which the society1 or  
some of its officers1 have collected4   
,the value of the work done and the     
efficiency of the workers were          
recognized in the passage from time to  
time of laws giving extraordinary powers
 not alone to the popularly so-called   
,comstock ,society1 but to officers of  
the government4 ,a perfect fury of      
purity took possession of our           
legislators2 they were determined to    
stamp out impurity4 ,and perhaps they   
were establishing reputations for       
themselves4 ,it is recorded that in the 
days of the ,inquisition men established
 their orthodoxy by the loudness of     
their cries against heresy2 that in the 
times of the ,french ,revolution1 men   
proved their patriotism by making       

charges of treason against their        
neighbors2 that practicing polygamists  
have purified themselves by hounding a  
theoretical polygamist out of their     
legislative body4 ,anyhow1 the laws were
 passed1 the thing was done4  ,and what 
was the thing that was done8 ,a moral   
,inquisition had been established4      
,arguing from a wrong premise a hideous 
conclusion had been reached4 ,it was    
voiced only a few weeks ago by an       
official of the postoffice in ,chicago1 
when confiscating a publication4 ,he    
said in substance1 if not literally3    
,any discussion of sex is obscene4      
,there it is in a few words--a complete 
and perfect treatise on ,comstockery6   
,in the early days in some parts of ,new
 ,england1 a man might not kiss his wife
 on a ,sunday4 ,on common days1 the     
filthy act was permissible1 but the     
,sabbath must not be so defiled4 ,and   
now1 any discussion of sex is obscenity6
  ,pause a while and consider what this 
means and whither it will lead1 where it

 has already led4 ,discussion of sex is 
obscene2 then sex1 itself1 must be      
obscene2 life and all that pertains to  
it must be filthy4 ,that is1 providing  
it be the life of ,man4 ,the sex of     
flowers may be discussed frankly and    
freely either for the pleasure of       
knowledge1 or in order to use knowledge 
for the purpose of improving the flower4
 ,the sex of animals may be discussed2  
it is discussed in government           
publications and in the many farm       
journals published throughout the       
country1 because it is necessary to     
improve the breed of our domestic       
animals1 because these animals are      
valuable4 ,but discussion of the sex of 
man is obscene6  ,there have been some  
changes in public sentiment1 some       
changes1 perhaps1 in the grey matter on 
the judicial bench1 since the early days
 in ,new ,york when ,comstockery was    
most rampant3 for what was tolerated    
then is not tolerated now2 some things  
that were judicially wrong then are     

judicially right now4 ,and in this      
change there is hope and the promise of 
greater change4  ,in those early days a 
confectioner on ,fulton street sought to
 attract customers by exhibiting in his 
window a painting by a great artist4 ,if
 memory serves1 it was ,the ,triumph of 
,charles ,v4 by ,hans ,makart4 ,figures 
of nude females were in the picture1 and
 ,comstockery established in its        
censorship of art and solemnly          
unconscious of its appalling ignorance1 
but true to its fundamental pruriency1  
ordered the picture removed from the    
window4 ,and it was removed4 ,just as   
,boston1 finding its bronze bacchante   
immodest1 rejected the brazen hussey4   
,and now she stands on her pedestal in  
the ,metropolitan ,museum in ,new ,york1
 giving joy to the beholder1 and--not   
ordered down by ,comstockery4 ,why8 ,and
 why is not the whole museum purged of  
its nude figures8 ,it is a puzzle not   
even to be solved by the theory of      
change in public sentiment2 for it is   

only a few months ago that the art      
censor in chief of ,comstockery saw in  
the window of an art dealer on ,fifth   
,avenue a landscape in which figured    
several nude children discreetly        
wandering away from the beholder4 ,the  
picture was ordered out of the window   
forthwith4 ,and went4 ,a few blocks     
below1 on ,broadway1 there were then and
 are now exhibited in a window1 numerous
 photographs of nude children1 not all  
of them discreet as to way of their     
going4 ,why8 ,has the art censor decided
 that the photographs are innocuous1 or 
that they are art8  ,but these instances
 and the amazing expeditions made by the
 censor into the realm of literature are
 hardly more than ludicrous2 and they   
can and will correct themselves4 ,but   
the frightful results of ,comstockery1  
as applied to life and to real purity1  
cannot be so lightly passed over4 ,and  
let it not be forgotten that an         
indictment of ,comstockery is an        
indictment of ourselves1 for the        

prurient1 hypocritical1 degrading thing 
can exist not one instant after we have 
declared that it shall perish4  ,it is  
no exaggeration to say that ,comstockery
 is the arch enemy of society4 ,it seeks
 to make hypocrisy respectable2 it would
 convert impurity into a basic virtue2  
it labels ignorance1 innocence2 it has  
legislated knowledge into a crime2 and  
it seeks its perpetuation in the        
degradation of an enfeebled human race4 
,and that these are not over-statements 
can easily be established to the        
satisfaction of any reasonable mind4    
,the most creditable work ever done by  
,comstockery was the practical          
suppression and elimination of the      
obscene book2 but when that is said1 all
 is said4 ,how worse than fatuous1 how  
absolutely fiendish that physician would
 be deemed who hid the signs of         
small-pox with paint and powder and     
permitted his patient to roam at will   
among his fellows1 unwarned even of the 
nature of the fell disease that was     

devouring his life4 ,nay1 worse6 ,what  
if the physician should have himself    
clothed with plenary powers and should  
compel the poor wretch to refrain from  
making his case known after he had      
discovered its nature8 ,but this is     
precisely what ,comstockery does4  ,the 
obscene book was removed from           
circulation4 ,in other words1 the       
symptom of the disease was hidden4 ,but 
was anything done to eliminate the      
disease1 or to remove its cause8 ,on the
 contrary1 everything possible was done 
to perpetuate the disease2 everything   
possible was done to prevent anyone who 
had suffered from the disease or who    
knew anything about it1 from imparting  
his knowledge4 ,for the disease was     
ignorance2 ignorance of self1 of life1  
of sex4 ,and not only does ,comstockery 
strive to perpetuate ignorance1 not only
 does it glorify ignorance and miscall  
it innocence1 not only does it elevate  
it into a virtue1 but it has legislated 
knowledge into a crime4 ,the offence of 

the book it had eliminated was not its  
vicious misinformation1 but its use of  
sex as a subject4 ,the postoffice has   
said that any discussion of sex is      
obscene and the courts have put one     
noble old man of over seventy years into
 prison at hard labor1 and have punished
 an aged woman physician in some other  
way because they sought1 in all purity  
and right-mindedness1 to help their     
brothers and sisters to a knowledge of  
themselves4  ,it is true that1 at last1 
there is a rift within the lute2 or     
would it better be called a leak in the 
sewer8 ,comstockery has not quite the   
standing that it once had4 ,when it was 
made generally known that a postoffice  
official had said that any discussion of
 sex was obscene1 there followed such a 
rattling fire of reprobation and        
condemnation even from many startled    
conventionalists1 who could support the 
thing but could not look it in the face1
 that the maker of the now historic     
phrase was moved to deny that he had    

said it officially4 ,in fact1 there are 
many signs1 most of them still small1 on
 the distant horizon1 it is true1 which 
indicate that we are becoming alive to  
the fact that it is imperative that sex 
should be discussed4  ,this is an age of
 radical ideas4 ,radicalism in politics1
 in religion1 in ethics is ripe2 which  
is only another way of saying that we   
are beginning to dare to think4         
,probably the most apparent1 if not the 
most significant1 sign of the general   
radicalism1 is the tendency to exalt the
 science of life to an even higher plane
 than that which it occupied in the days
 of ,hellenic supremacy4 ,we are        
beginning to understand that right      
living is a purely physical matter1 and 
that morals are only laws of health2 and
 if there are yet but few who dare take 
so radical a view of morals as that1    
still there are quite as few who will   
not admit freely that nothing can be    
immoral which is beneficial to the human
 body4  ,of course1 it is unthinkable1  

even from the point of view of the most 
conventional of orthodox ,christians1   
that there can be any immorality in sex1
 for sex in itself is absolutely a work 
of the deity1 hence of the highest      
morality1 if it can have any such       
attribute at all4 ,as well might one    
give digestion a moral quality4         
,morality is surely a matter of personal
 conduct4 ,one may say that it is       
immoral to eat so much as to injure     
one's health1 but it is not a matter of 
record that any considerable body of    
persons declares the stomach to be an   
immoral organ1 or the digestive function
 to be an immoral one1 or any discussion
 of digestion immoral4 ,then why sex or 
sex functions8  ,it is true that        
,comstockery has us to designate our    
legs1 limbs1 though not at the present  
time with any legal penalty for not     
doing so2 it prescribes the word stomach
 for polite usage in describing that    
part of the body which lies subjacent to
 the actual stomach1 anterior to the    

spinal column and posterior to the      
abdominal wall2 it forbids a visible    
bifurcated garment for the limbs of a   
female2 and it does a variety of other  
absurd things1 all going to show that in
 some singular fashion it has confounded
 acts with things2 as one might call all
 knives immoral because a few knives had
 been used to do murder with4  ,by what 
extraordinary process does ,comstockery 
conjure decency into the stomach and    
indecency into the bowels8 ,but how     
rejoiced we should be that it is no     
worse than indecent to speak of the     
receptacle of the intestines by its     
common name4 ,by some hocus pocus of    
which ,comstockery is easily capable it 
might have been obscene to speak of the 
digestive process or of any of the      
digestive organs4 ,we might easily have 
been taught that digestion was a moral  
matter1 not to be talked of1 not to be  
studied2 ignorance of which was a       
virtue1 knowledge of which a crime4 ,and
 then1 under those conditions1 if a     

person1 possessed of a little knowledge 
such as might have crept stealthily down
 the ages1 were in a fine humanitarian  
spirit to dare to publish some of the   
things he knew in order to help         
dyspeptic humanity1 he would have been  
robbed of his worldly goods and clapped 
forthwith into jail4 ,fancy that under  
such circumstances a man who had lived  
his three score and ten years and had   
learned something from his own suffering
 and experience1 something from the     
secretly imparted information of others1
 might not say a word to help his       
fellows4 ,is it not too absurd to       
contemplate without both tears and      
laughter that that man who should plead 
with his fellow men to abstain from     
habitually living on butter cakes and   
coffee1 should be charged with obscenity
 and imprisoned in consequence8 ,and    
imagine some sapient postoffice official
 solemnly declaring that any discussion 
of digestion is obscene6 ,consider how  
the land would be flooded with          

literature describing the pleasures of  
gluttony and depicting impossible       
gastronomic feats6 ,consider1 too1      
trying to cure indigestion and to       
suppress the orgies of our children in  
pies1 crullers1 fritters and butter     
cakes by the naive device of forbidding 
all knowledge of the digestive function 
and making the utterance of the name of 
a digestive organ an obscenity          
punishable by fine and imprisonment6    
,digestion is a matter to be considered 
in the light of hygiene4 ,so is sex4    
,digestion is not in itself either moral
 or immoral4 ,neither is sex4 ,but there
 is the most hideous immorality in the  
ascription of obscenity to sex1 sex     
function or any phase of sex life4 ,and 
this is the crime of ,comstockery4 ,it  
has reared an awful idol to which have  
been sacrificed the best of our youth2  
with hypocrisy the high-priest1         
ignorance the creed1 and pruriency the  
detective4  ,comstockery strikes at the 
very root of life4 ,it forbids that we  

shall know how to live our best2 it     
forbids that we shall know how to save  
our children from the perils we have so 
discreditably passed through2 it raises 
barriers of false modesty between       
parents and children by branding the    
very science of life an obscenity4      
,owing to the shocking suggestions of   
,comstockery all that relates to life is
 degraded into the gutter2 and that     
which would be pure and sweet and       
wholesome in the home or in the school1 
becomes filthy ,comstockery on the      
snickering lips of ignorant             
play-fellows4  ,the wonder is that we   
have endured the nasty thing for so long
 a time4 ,we have been boys and girls   
and have gone from our parents to our   
school-mates and play-fellows for the   
information to which we are entitled by 
very reason of living1 but1 more than   
all2 because of our need to live right4 
,we all know the hideous untruths we    
were told because of ,comstockery2 we   
all know how much we had to unlearn1 and

 how great the suffering mentally1 how  
great the deterioration physically in   
the unlearning2 we all know our         
unfitness for parentage at the time we  
entered it2 every man knows how the     
brothels kept open doors and beckoning  
inmates by the thousand for his undoing4
 ,and yet we endure it--,comstockery4   
,it is such a subtly pervasive thing1   
this ,comstockery1 it steals in wherever
 it can and puts the taint of its own   
uncleanness on whatever it touches4     
,clothing becomes a matter of           
,comstockery4 ,we do not always see it1 
but such is the fact4 ,we do not wear   
clothing for convenience1 but to cover  
our nakedness4 ,you see nakedness is    
obscene4 ,not in itself1 but only in    
man4 ,you may take a naked dog on the   
street1 but not a naked human being4    
,the summer previous to the last one was
 a very hot one in ,new ,york1 and a    
poor wretch of a boy of fourteen years  
of age1 being on the top floor of a     
crowded tenement was half crazed by the 

heat and the lack of fresh air1 of which
 there was absolutely none in the closet
 in which he was trying to sleep4 ,he   
ran down into the street nude at two    
o'clock in the morning in the hope of   
finding a surcease of his distress4 ,a  
policeman saw him1 remembered his       
blushing ,comstockery in time and haled 
the poor lad off to a cell4 ,the next   
morning the magistrate in tones of      
grimmest virtue sent the boy to the     
reformatory1 remarking with appropriate 
jest that the young scoundrel might have
 seven years in which to learn to keep  
his clothes on4  ,theodore ,roosevelt1  
who is at once the greatest ,president  
and the wisest man of whom we have any  
record1 tells us that we must breed more
 children4 ,but how shall our women bear
 more children1 or presently bear any1  
if they are to be continually made more 
and more unfit for motherhood by the    
pitfalls into which their ignorance of  
the science of life leads them8 ,because
 of the ,comstockery which has its felt 

grip upon our throats we may not        
instruct the little child in the way of 
health2 or if it be said that there is  
nothing to prevent the parent from      
instructing the child1 yet it must be   
insisted that the parent has no means of
 knowing since ,comstockery prescribes  
ignorance as the only way to innocence2 
and innocent our girls must be at any   
cost4 ,besides1 the average mother1 if  
she will but admit the truth1 is ashamed
 to talk with her daughter about        
,comstockery things4 ,we all know that  
this is so4 ,our parents treated us in  
such fashion1 and we are so treating our
 children4  ,the knowledge which each   
generation acquires at the cost of      
health1 yes1 at the cost of life even1  
dies with it1 for the most part4 ,the   
one thing we most need to know is how to
 live2 the science of life begins with  
sex1 goes on with sex1 ends with sex2   
but sex we may not discuss2 thus we go  
on in ignorance of life4 ,shall it      
remain so8 ,is ,comstockery to be our   

best expression of the most vital matter
 of existence8 ,life1 sex1 should be and
 is when we recognize it1 the purest1   
sweetest1 simplest subject of           
discussion2 and we make of it a filthy  
jest4 ,we will not tell our sons the    
things we have learned through bitter   
experience1 because we cannot bear the  
shame of discussing sex subjects with   
them1 because of the accursed           
,comstockery that is within us2 but we  
will go to the club and the bar room1 or
 anywhere behind locked doors in the    
select company of our fellows1 and there
 pour out the real essence of our       
,comstockery in stories which make a    
filthy jest of sex4 ,every man knows    
this is the truth4 ,perhaps women1 in   
their ,comstockery1 know it too4 ,as has
 been already said1 treat digestion as  
sex is treated1 and it will be sniggered
 over behind locked doors in precisely  
the same way4  ,let us rid ourselves of 
the fatal1 prurient restrictions on sex 
discussion and in a marvellously short  

time we shall have a store of sweet     
knowledge on the subject that will      
enable us to live well ourselves and fit
 us to bring into the world such        
children as will amaze us with their    
health of body and purity of mind4 ,no  
alteration of the facts of life is      
necessary1 but only a change of         
attitude4 ,why1 when ,trilby brought the
 bare foot into prominence1 it was      
gravely debated whether or not such an  
indecency should be permitted4 ,it was  
assumed that a naked foot was indecent4 
,why a foot more than a hand8 ,why any  
one part of the body more than another8 
,comstockery6 ,comstockery6             
,illustration     ,,don ,,quixote ,,and 
,,hamlet   ,in ,peter ,kropotkin's      
,book3 ,russian ,literature 7published  
by ,mc,clure1 ,phillips  ,company71     
there is a quotation from ,turgenieff's 
works1 which shows the ,russian poet's  
genius and psychological insight in all 
its wonderful depth4 ,here it is3  ,don 
,quixote is imbued with devotion towards

 his ideal1 for which he is ready to    
suffer all possible privations1 to      
sacrifice his life2 life itself he      
values only so far as it can serve for  
the incarnation of the ideal1 for the   
promotion of truth1 of justice on       
earth4444 ,he lives for his brothers1   
for opposing the forces hostile to      
mankind3 the witches1 the giants--that  
is1 the oppressors4444 ,therefore he is 
fearless1 patient2 he is satisfied with 
the most modest food1 the poorest cloth3
 he has other things to think of4       
,humble in his heart1 he is great and   
daring in his mind4444 ,and who is      
,hamlet8 ,analysis1 first of all1 and   
egotism1 and therefore no faith4 ,he    
lives entirely for himself1 he is an    
egotist2 but to believe in one'         
self--even an egotist cannot do that3 we
 can believe only in something which is 
outside us and above us4444 ,as he has  
doubts of everything1 ,hamlet evidently 
does not spare himself2 his intellect is
 too developed to remain satisfied with 

what he finds in himself2 he feels his  
weakness1 but each self-consciousness is
 a force where-from results his irony1  
the opposite of the enthusiasm of ,don  
,quixote4444 ,don ,quixote1 a poor man1 
almost a beggar1 without means and      
relations1 old1 isolated--undertakes to 
redress all the evils and to protect    
oppressed strangers over the whole      
world4 ,what does it matter to him that 
his first attempt at freeing the        
innocent from his oppressor falls twice 
as heavy upon the head of the innocent  
himself8444 ,what does it matter that1  
thinking that he has to deal with       
noxious giants1 ,don ,quixote attacks   
useful windmills8444 ,nothing of the    
sort can ever happen with ,hamlet3 how  
could he1 with his perspicacious1       
refined1 sceptical mind1 ever commit    
such a mistake6 ,no1 he will not fight  
with windmills1 he does not believe in  
giants 444 but he would not have        
attacked them even if they did exist4444
 ,and he does not believe in evil4 ,evil

 and deceit are his inveterate enemies4 
,his scepticism is not                  
indifferentism4444 ,but in negation1 as 
in fire1 there is a destructive power1  
and how to keep it in bounds1 how to    
tell it where to stop1 when that which  
it must destroy1 and that which it must 
spare are often inseparably welded      
together8 ,here it is that the          
often-noticed tragical aspect of human  
life comes in3 for action we require    
will1 and for action we require thought2
 but thought and will have parted from  
each other1 and separate every day more 
and more4444        ,and thus the native
 hue of resolution      ,is sickled o'er
 by the pale cast of thought4444        
,illustration     ,,on ,,the ,,banks    
,,of ,,acheron  ,by ,,edwin ,,bjorkman  
,the air was still and full of a gray   
melancholy light1 yet the waters of the 
river boiled angrily as if touched by a 
raging tempest4 ,the billows rose       
foaming above its surface1 all white    
with the whiteness of fear4 ,when they  

sank back again1 they were black--black 
as despair that knows of no hope4       
,steep hills mounted abruptly on either 
side of the river until they touched the
 sullen1 colorless cloud-banks overhead4
 ,their sides were seamed with          
numberless paths1 running on narrow     
ledges1 one above the other1 from the   
river's edge to the crest of the hill4  
,men were moving along those paths3 they
 swarmed like ants across the hillside1 
but ,i could not see whence they were   
coming nor whither they were going4 ,all
 were pushing and jostling and          
scratching and howling and fighting4    
,every one's object seemed to be to     
raise himself to the path above his own 
and to prevent all others from doing the
 same4  ,down at the water's edge1 they 
moved in a solid mass1 arms pinned down1
 shoulder to shoulder and chest to back4
 ,at times a man got an arm out of the  
press and began to claw the up-turned1  
tear-stained faces of his neighbors in  
wild endeavors to lift his whole body4  

,but soon his madness subsided1 the     
writhing arm sank back1 and the man     
vanished out of sight4 ,the mass once   
more moved stolidly1 solidly onward4    
,once in a great while its surface of   
heads would begin to boil like the      
waters of the river near by1 and a man  
would be spouted into the air1 landing  
on one of the paths above4 ,then each   
face would be turned toward him for a   
breathless moment1 at the end of which  
the mass glided slowly onward as before4
  ,the crush on the paths higher up on  
the hillside was not so great1 but the  
fighting of man against man was         
incessant and bitter4 ,i could see them 
clambering up the steep sides of the    
ledges1 with bleeding nails1 distorted  
features and locked teeth4 ,waving arms 
and clutching fingers pursued them from 
below2 ironshod heels trampled them from
 above4 ,ninety-nine out of the hundred 
ended their struggles with a fall1 and  
in their rapid descent they swept others
 with them4 ,but rising or falling1 they

 all pushed onward1 onward--from nowhere
 to nowhere1 as it seemed to me4 ,i     
watched them for hours1 for days1 for   
years--always the same wandering1 the   
same scrambling1 the same tumbling1     
without apparent purpose or result4     
,then my blood rose hotly to my heart   
and head4 ,a scarlet mist floated before
 my eyes and my soul swelled within me  
almost unto bursting4  ,why8 ,i cried1  
and the word rolled back and forth      
between the hillsides until its last    
echo was swallowed by the murmur that   
hovered over the wrathful river4 ,the   
strugglers on the hillside paths1 each  
and all1 turned toward me4 ,on every    
face ,i read astonishment4  ,why8 ,i    
yelled at them again1 and the sound of  
my voice lingered above the waters like 
a distant thunder4 ,gradually the       
expression on all those staring faces   
changed from wonder to scorn4 ,a man on 
one of the paths near the crest of the  
hill laughed aloud4 ,two more joined    
him4 ,it became contagious and spread   

like wildfire4 ,all those millions were 
laughing into my face1 laughing like    
demons rather than men4  ,my frown only 
increased the mirth of that grinning    
multitude4 ,i shook my clenched1        
up-stretched fists against them4 ,and   
when at last their ghastly merriment    
ceased1 ,i raised my voice once more in 
defiance4  ,why8  ,as when on a bleak   
winter day the black snow clouds        
suddenly begin to darken the sky1 so    
hatred and rage spread over their faces4
 ,crooked1 bony fingers were pointed at 
me4 ,men leaned recklessly from their   
narrow ledges to shout abuse at me4     
,stones and mud were flung at me4 ,a    
hundred arms seized me and tossed my    
body in a wide curve from the hillside  
out over the river4 ,for one long minute
 ,i struggled to keep myself above the  
yawning waters4 ,then ,i sank4 ,all grew
 dark about me4 ,a strange fullness in  
my chest seemed to rise up toward my    
head4 ,there was a last moment of       
consciousness in which ,i heard a single

 word uttered by a ringing1 bell-like   
voice that came from within myself4     
,that last word was3  ,why8             
,illustration     ,the ,british         
,elections and the ,labor ,parties  ,by 
,h4 ,,kelly   ,we are a left-center     
country2 we live by compromise4  ,the   
above statement was made by an aged     
member of ,parliament to ,kropotkin some
 years ago1 and the present elections   
testify strongly to the truth of that   
remark4 ,for a country which produced   
the father of political economy1 ,adam  
,smith--for ,scotland is included in our
 generalization--,robert ,owen1 the     
father of libertarian ,socialism1 which 
in the forties stood almost at the head 
of the ,socialist movement in ,europe1  
which has been the scene of so many     
,socialist and workingmen's congresses  
and has furnished a refuge for so many  
distinguished exiles1 it is passing     
strange1 to say the least1 that up to   
the present no one has been elected to  
,parliament on a purely ,socialist      

platform2 this notwithstanding that1 in 
the elections just past1 of forty-three 
labor members elected nineteen are      
members of the ,independent ,labor      
,party and one of the ,social           
,democratic ,federation4 ,john ,burns   
was elected to ,parliament just after   
the great ,dock ,strike on his          
trade-union record and has been elected 
regularly ever since1 although he has   
long since ceased to be a ,socialist4   
,keir ,hardie was elected for ,west ,ham
 as a ,radical1 and when he stood for   
re-election as a ,socialist was         
defeated4 ,in #aijj he was elected again
 as member for ,merthyr ,tydfill1 a     
radical mining district in ,wales1 on a 
trade union-,socialist platform1 and    
undoubtedly received a large number of  
votes on the ground of having been a    
miner once himself4 ,r4 ,b4             
,cunningham-,graham1 probably the ablest
 ,socialist who has yet sat in the      
,british ,parliament1 was elected as a  
,radical1 announcing himself a          

,socialist some time after his election4
  ,the ,british workman1 true to his    
traditions1 has consistently demanded   
compromise before electing anyone1 and  
where that has been refused1 the        
candidates have gone down to defeat4    
,hyndman1 founder of the ,social        
,democratic ,federation and the ablest  
,socialist in public life2 ,quelch1     
editor of ,justice1 the official organ  
of that party1 for more than a decade1  
and ,geo4 ,lansbury1 one of their       
oldest1 ablest and most respected       
members1 refused to compromise in the   
recent election1 and paid the inevitable
 penalty4 ,hyndman's case was really    
remarkable1 he is a man of exceptional  
ability1 has devoted himself for        
twenty-five years to the ,socialist and 
labor movement1 was endorsed by all the 
labor bodies of ,burnley1 and ,mr4      
,phillip ,stanhope1 recently created a  
lord and one of the ablest ,liberal     
politicians in the country1 did him the 
honor of declining to stand against him4

 ,still he was defeated--while          
politicians of an inferior stamp like   
,john ,burns1 ,keir ,hardie1 ,j4 ,r4    
,mac,donald and two score of others were
 triumphantly elected on a labor        
platform4 ,therein lies the secret1 they
 were elected on a ,labor ,platform6    
,eight-hour day1 trade-union rate of    
wages1 better factory legislation1      
secular education1 annual sessions of   
,parliament1 paid members1 one man1 one 
vote1 etc4 ,all excellent things in     
themselves1 but not ,socialism and in no
 way disputing the right of one man to  
exploit another and leaving untouched   
the basic principle of ,socialism1 real 
,socialism1 the right of labor to the   
fruits of its toil4  ,under conditions  
such as those described1 is it to be    
wondered at that many ,anarchists are   
frankly cynical as to the benefits labor
 will derive from the labor parties8    
,there will be at least two1 that have  
suddenly forced the gilded doors of the 
,mother of ,parliaments and about which 

the guilty middle class grew nervous4   
,we know that men like ,t4 ,burt1 ,h4   
,broadhurst1 ,w4 ,abraham1 ,f4 ,madison 
and a score of others are but nominal   
labor men not having worked at their    
various trades for years and are middle 
class by training and income1 that      
others like ,keir ,hardie1 ,j4 ,r4      
,mac,donald1 ,john ,ward and many more  
are at best labor politicians so steeped
 in political bargaining and            
compromising that the net results to    
labor from them will be very small      
indeed4 ,it is not necessary nor would  
it be just to question the honesty or   
well-meaning of many of the forty-three 
labor members1 to prove that a distinct 
disappointment awaits those who elected 
them4 ,past history foretells the future
 clearly enough4 ,we have seen ,john    
,burns1 hero of the ,dock ,strike1 who  
entered ,parliament as a ,revolutionary 
,socialist1 becoming in a few short     
years as docile as a lamb to those above
 him in power and as autocratic as a    

,russian provincial governor to those   
who needed his assistance1 finally enter
 a ,liberal ,cabinet with the hero of   
,featherstone1 ,h4 ,h4 ,asquith1 by     
whose orders striking miners were shot  
down in real ,american fashion1 ,sir    
,edward ,grey1 and other ,jingo         
,imperialists--and the end is not yet4  
,there are our other friends 7874 ,h4   
,broadhurst1 special favorite of the    
,king2 ,w4 ,abraham1 ex-coal miner1 who 
so endeared himself to the coal         
operators of ,wales in his capacity as  
official of the ,miners' ,union and     
,scale ,committee that when his daughter
 was married several years ago she      
received a cheque for ,l#ajj from one of
 the aforesaid operators1 and others    
whom space forbids mentioning4 ,such is 
the material of which the labor parties 
now in the ,house of ,commons is formed1
 and it requires a violent stretch of   
imagination to see any real1 lasting    
benefit can accrue from the forty-three 
men now sitting there as representatives

 of the oppressed masses4 ,an inability 
to see this1 however1 by no means       
implies a lack of inherent good in the  
formation of the ,labor ,representation 
,committee and the ,miners' ,federation1
 their fraternization with the          
,socialists and the forces which        
impelled that organization and          
fraternization4 ,it is the agitation    
which preceded it1 and we hope will     
continue1 and the growing desire on the 
part of the workers for a larger share  
of the product of their toil and a part 
in the management of industry that we   
see hope4 ,the form that movement has   
taken or the beneficial results from the
 efforts of the elected are details4 ,it
 is scarcely five years since the ,labor
 ,representation ,committee sprang into 
existence1 and it says much for the     
solidarity of labor that over a million 
trade unionists1 thirteen thousand      
members of the ,independent ,labor      
,party and eight hundred ,fabians could 
be got together on a political program  

in so short a time4  ,for good or ill   
the ,british workingman has gone in for 
political action and will have a try at 
that before he listens to the           
,anarchists4 ,slow of thought and used  
to compromise1 he is a stern taskmaker  
and will exact a rigid account of the   
stewardship entrusted to those who      
sought his suffrage4 ,when the          
disillusionment comes1 as it surely     
will1 real progress may come4 ,the      
process of disillusionment does not come
 with geometrical precision4 ,to some it
 comes over night1 to others it is a    
process of years1 and to some it is     
denied altogether4 ,for years the       
,anarchists have been scoffed at as     
impossible dreamers for advocating the  
,general ,strike as the only effective  
means of overthrowing the present       
system4 ,the glorious fight of the      
,russian people for freedom has changed 
all this1 and we find even ,bebel       
threatening the ,german ,government with
 a general strike if they attempt to    

withdraw the franchise2 and ,hyndman1   
who opposed it for years1 has finally   
admitted its effectiveness4 ,the effect 
has been felt in ,great ,britain in the 
shape of the unemployed agitations and  
demonstrations1 and although temporarily
 allayed by the elections1 it will      
blossom forth again4  ,if the advent of 
the ,liberal party to power1 backed by  
the ,home ,rule and ,labor parties1     
causes an undoing of the harm of the    
,balfour-,chamberlain government1 it    
will be more than can reasonably be     
expected4 ,the trade unions can never be
 restored to quite the same legal       
immunity they had previously4 ,the forty
 thousand ,chinese imported into ,south 
,africa to take the places of white     
miners will remain even if no more are  
brought in4 ,the ,education ,act1 passed
 with the assistance of the ,irish      
,archbishops and attacking secular      
education1 will be amended and not      
repealed4 ,the endowment of the brewers 
will continue1 and my ,lords ,bass1     

,burton and the rest will merely await  
future opportunities to plunder the     
,british public4 ,in short1 little      
constructive legislation1 even of that  
mild and tentative character one might  
expect from a ,liberal party1 made up of
 capitalistic units can be expected     
after the ten years of corrupt and      
extravagant rule of this band of modern 
pirates4  ,they who advocate the        
complete reconstruction of society are  
under no illusions as to the time and   
trouble required to overcome the        
superstitions of the past4 ,being       
imbued1 however1 with the belief in what
 ,christians call the eternal           
righteousness of their cause1 they meet 
the future with smiling face2 and far   
from being downcast over the turn of    
events in ,great ,britain1 see hope in  
the formation of the ,labor ,parties4   
,illustration     ,,and ,,you8  ,,bolton
 ,,hall   ,what would you do1 asked the 
,idealist1 if you were ,czar of ,russia8
  ,i would first abolish monopoly of    

land1 for that is fundamental1 said the 
,reformer1 and then resign4 ,what would 
you do8  ,i would first resign1 and then
 teach the people to abolish monopoly of
 land1 the same as now1 answered the    
,idealist4 ,but what would you do1      
,teacher8  ,i would teach the people    
from the throne that they were oppressed
 by their system of monopoly--and by    
their ,czar4     ,,national ,,atavism   
,,by ,,internationalist   ,the ,jewish  
circles in ,new ,york1 ,boston1         
,philadelphia and other cities of       
,america are aroused over the visit of a
 spectre called ,nationalism1 alias     
,territorialism4 ,like all spectres1 it 
is doing a lot of mischief and causing  
much confusion in the heads of the      
,jewish population4  ,the spirit of our 
ancestor1 ,abraham1 has come to life    
again4 ,like ,abraham1 when ,jehovah    
commanded him to go in quest of the     
promised land1 the ,jewish ,nationalists
 make themselves and others believe that
 they long for the moment1 when with    

wife and child and all possessions1 they
 will migrate to that spot on earth1    
which will represent the ,jewish ,state1
 where ,jewish traits will have a chance
 to develop in idyllic peace4  ,natural 
science calls retrogression of species1 
which shows signs of a former state     
already overcome1 atavism4 ,the same    
term may be applied to the advanced     
section of the ,jewish population1 which
 has listened to the call of the        
,nationalists4 ,they have retrogressed  
from a universal view of things to a    
philosophy fenced in by boundary lines2 
from the glorious conception that the   
world is my country to the conception of
 exclusiveness4 ,they have abridged     
their wide vision and have made it      
narrow and superficial4  ,the ,zionism  
of ,max ,nordau and his followers never 
was more than a sentimental sport for   
the well-to-do in the ranks of the      
,jews4 ,the latter-day ,nationalists1   
however1 are bent on reaching those     
circles of the ,jewish race that have so

 far followed the banner of             
,internationalism and ,revolution2 and  
this at a moment when revolutionists of 
all nationalities and races are most in 
need of unity and solidarity4 ,nothing  
could be more injurious to the ,russian 
revolution1 nothing prove a lack of     
confidence in its success1 so much as   
the present nationalistic agitation4    
,the most encouraging and glorious      
feature of revolutions is that they     
purify the atmosphere from the thick1   
poisonous vapors of prejudices and      
superstition4  ,from time immemorial    
revolutions have been the only hope and 
refuge of all the oppressed from        
national and social yokes4 ,the radical 
nationalistic elements seem to have     
forgotten that all their enthusiasm1    
their faith and hope in the power of a  
great social change1 now falters before 
the question3 ,will it give us our own  
territory where we can surround         
ourselves with walls and watch-towers8  
,yes1 the very people1 who once spoke   

with a divine fire of the beauty of the 
solidarity of all individuals and all   
peoples1 now indulge in the shallow     
phrases that the ,jew is powerless1 that
 he is nowhere at home1 and that he owns
 no place on earth1 where he can do     
justice to his nature1 and that he must 
first obtain national rights1 like all  
nations1 ere he can go further4  ,these 
lamentations contain more fiction than  
truth1 more sentimentality than logic4  
,the ,poles have their own territory2   
still this fact does not hinder ,russia 
from brutalizing ,poland or from        
flogging and killing her children2      
neither does it hinder the ,prussian    
government from maltreating her ,polish 
subjects and forcibly obliterating the  
,polish language4 ,and of what avail is 
native territory to the small nations of
 the ,balkans1 with ,russian1 ,turkish  
and ,austrian influences keeping them in
 a helpless and dependent condition4    
,various raids and expeditions by the   
powerful neighboring states forced on   

them1 have proven what little protection
 their territorial independence has     
given them against brutal coercion4 ,the
 independent existence of small peoples 
has ever served powerful states as a    
pretext for venomous attacks1 pillage   
and attempts at annexation4 ,nothing is 
left them but to bow before the superior
 powers1 or to be ever prepared for     
bitter wars that might1 in a measure1   
temporarily loosen the tyrannical hold1 
but never end in a complete overthrow of
 the powerful enemy4  ,switzerland is   
often cited as an example of a united   
nation which is able to maintain itself 
in peace and neutrality4 ,it might be   
advisable to consider what circumstances
 have made this possible4  ,it is an    
indisputable fact that ,switzerland acts
 as the executive agent of ,european    
powers1 who consider her a foreign      
detective bureau which watches over1    
annoys and persecutes refugees and the  
dissatisfied elements4  ,italian1       
,russian and ,german spies look upon    

,switzerland as a hunting ground1 and   
the ,swiss police are never so happy1 as
 when they can render constable service 
to the governments of surrounding       
states4 ,it is nothing unusual for the  
,swiss police to carry out the order of 
,germany or ,italy to arrest political  
refugees and forcibly take them across  
the frontier1 where they are given over 
into the hands of the ,german or        
,italian gendarmes4 ,a very enticing    
national independence1 is it not8  ,is  
it possible that former revolutionists  
and enthusiastic fighters for freedom1  
who are now in the nationalistic field1 
should long for similar conditions8     
,those who refuse to be carried away by 
nationalistic phrases and who would     
rather follow the broad path of         
,internationalism1 are accused of       
indifference to and lack of sympathy    
with the sufferings of the ,jewish race4
 ,rather is it far more likely that     
those who stand for the establishment of
 a ,jewish nation show a serious lack of

 judgment4  ,especially the radicals    
among the ,nationalists seem to be      
altogether lost in the thicket of       
phrases4 ,they are ashamed of the label 
nationalist because it stands for so    
much retrogression1 for so many memories
 of hatred1 of savage wars and wild     
persecutions1 that it is difficult for  
one who claims to be advanced and modern
 to adorn himself with the name4 ,and   
who does not wish to appear advanced and
 modern8 ,therefore the name of         
,nationalist is rejected1 and the name  
of territorialist taken instead1 as if  
that were not the same thing4 ,true1 the
 territorialists will have nothing to do
 with an organized ,jewish state2 they  
aim for a free commune4 ,but1 if it is  
certain that small states are           
subordinated to great powers and merely 
endured by them1 it is still more       
certain that free communes within       
powerful states1 built on coercion and  
land robbery1 have even less chance for 
a free existence4 ,such cuckoos' eggs   

the ruling powers will not have in their
 nests4 ,a community1 in which          
exploitation and slavery do not reign1  
would have the same effect on these     
powers1 as a red rag to a bull4 ,it     
would stand an everlasting reproach1 a  
nagging accusation1 which would have to 
be destroyed as quickly as possible4 ,or
 is the national glory of the ,jews to  
begin after the social revolution8  ,if 
we are to throw into the dust heap our  
hope that humanity will some day reach a
 height from which difference of        
nationality and ancestry will appear but
 an insignificant speck on earth1 well  
and good6 ,then let us be patriots and  
continue to nurse national              
characteristics2 but we ought1 at least1
 not to clothe ourselves in the mantel  
of ,faust1 in our pretentious sweep     
through space4 ,we ought at least       
declare openly that the life of all     
peoples is never to be anything else but
 an outrageous mixture of stupid        
patriotism1 national vanities1          

everlasting antagonism1 and a ravenous  
greed for wealth and supremacy4  ,might 
it not be advisable to consider how the 
idea of a national unity of the ,jews   
can live in the face of the deep social 
abysses that exist between the various  
ranks within the ,jewish race8  ,it is  
not at all a mere accident that the     
,bund1 the strongest organization of the
 ,jewish proletariat1 will have nothing 
to do with the nationalistic agitation4 
,the social and economic motives for    
concerted action or separation are of   
far more vital influence than the       
national4  ,the feeling of solidarity of
 the working-people is bound to prove   
stronger than the nationalistic glue4   
,as to the remainder of the adherents of
 the nationalistic movement1 they are   
recruited from the ranks of the middle  
,jewish class4  ,the ,jewish banker1 for
 instance1 feels much more drawn to the 
,christian or ,mohammedan banker than to
 his ,jewish factory worker1 or tenement
 house dweller4 ,equally so will the    

,jewish workingman1 conscious of the    
revolutionizing effect of the daily     
struggle between labor and money power1 
find his brother in a fellow worker1 and
 not in a ,jewish banker4  ,true1 the   
,jewish worker suffers twofold3 he is   
exploited1 oppressed and robbed as one  
of suffering humanity1 and despised1    
hated1 trampled upon1 because he is a   
,jew2 but he would look in vain toward  
the wealthy ,jews for his friends and   
saviors4 ,the latter have just as great 
an interest in the maintenance of a     
system that stands for wage slavery1    
social subordination1 and the economic  
dependence of the great mass of mankind1
 as the ,christian employer and owner of
 wealth4  ,the ,jewish population of the
 ,east ,side has little in common with  
the dweller of a ,fifth ,avenue mansion4
 ,he has much more in common with the   
workingmen of other nationalities of the
 country--he has sorrows1 struggles1    
indignation and longings for freedom in 
common with them4 ,his hope is the      

social reconstruction of society and not
 nationalistic scene shifting4 ,his     
conditions can be ameliorated only      
through a union with his fellow         
sufferers1 through human brotherhood1   
and not by means of separation and      
barriers4 ,in his struggles against     
humiliating demands1 inhuman treatment1 
economic pressure1 he can depend on help
 from his non-,jewish comrades1 and not 
on the assistance of ,jewish            
manufacturers and speculators4 ,how then
 can he be expected to co-operate with  
them in the building of a ,jewish       
commonwealth8  ,certain it is that the  
battle which is to bring liberty1 peace 
and well-being to humanity is of a      
mental1 social1 economic nature and not 
of a nationalistic one4 ,the former     
brightens and widens the horizon1 the   
latter stupefies the reasoning          
faculties1 cripples and stifles the     
emotions1 and sows hatred and strife    
instead of love and tenderness in the   
human soul4 ,all that is big and        

beautiful in the world has been created 
by thinkers and artists1 whose vision   
was far beyond the ,lilliputian sphere  
of ,nationalism4 ,only that which       
contains the life's pulse of mankind    
expands and liberates4 ,that is why     
every attempt to establish a national   
art1 a patriotic literature1 a life's   
philosophy with the seal of the         
government attached thereto is bound to 
fall flat and to be insignificant4  ,it 
were well and wholesome if all works    
dealing with national glory and victory1
 with national courage and patriotic    
songs could be used for bonfires4 ,in   
their place we could have the poems of  
,shelley and ,whitman1 essays of        
,emerson or ,thoreau1 the ,book of the  
,bees1 by ,maeterlink1 the music of     
,wagner1 ,beethoven and ,tschaikovsky1  
the wonderful art of ,eleanore ,duse4   
,i can deeply sympathize with the dread 
of massacres and persecutions of the    
,jewish people2 and ,i consider it just 
and fair that they should strain every  

effort to put a stop to such atrocities 
as have been witnessed by the civilized 
world within a few years4 ,but it must  
be borne in mind that it is the ,russian
 government1 the ,russian reactionary   
party1 including the ,russian ,church1  
and not the ,russian people1 that are   
responsible for the slaughter of the    
,jews4  ,jewish ,socialists and         
,anarchists1 however1 who have joined   
the ranks of the ,nationalists and who  
have forgotten to emphasize the         
fundamental distinction between the     
people of ,russia and the reactionary   
forces of that country1 who have fought 
and are still fighting so bravely for   
their freedom and for the liberation of 
all who are oppressed1 deserve severe   
censure4 ,they have thrown the          
responsibility of the massacres upon the
 ,russian people and have even blamed   
the ,revolutionists for them1 whereas it
 is an undisputed fact that the         
agitation against the ,jews has been    
inaugurated and paid for by the ruling  

clique1 in the hope that the hatred and 
discontent of the ,russian people would 
turn from them1 the real criminals1 to  
the ,jews4 ,it is said1 we have no      
rights in ,russia1 we are being robbed1 
hounded1 killed1 let the ,russian people
 take care of themselves1 we will turn  
our backs on them4  ,would it not show  
deeper insight into the condition of    
affairs if my ,jewish brethren were to  
say1 ,our people are being abused1      
insulted1 ill-treated and killed by the 
hirelings of ,russian despotism4 ,let us
 strengthen our union with the          
,intellectuals1 the peasants1 the       
rebellious elements of the people for   
the overthrow of the abominable tyranny2
 and when we have accomplished that let 
us co-operate in the great work of      
building a social structure upon which  
neither the nation nor the race but     
,humanity can live and grow in beauty4  
,prejudices are never overcome by one   
who shows himself equally narrow and    
bigoted4 ,to confront one brutal        

outbreak of national sentiment with the 
demand for another form of national     
sentiment means only to lay the         
foundation for a new persecution that is
 bound to come sooner or later4 ,were   
the retrogressive ideas of the ,jewish  
,nationalists ever to materialize1 the  
world would witness1 after a few years1 
that one ,jew is being persecuted by    
another4  ,in one respect the ,jews are 
really a chosen people4 ,not chosen by  
the grace of ,god1 nor by their national
 peculiarities1 which with every people1
 as well as with the ,jews1 merely prove
 national narrowness4 ,they are chosen  
by a necessity1 which has relieved them 
of many prejudices1 a necessity which   
has prevented the development of many of
 those stupidities which have caused    
other nations great efforts to overcome4
 ,repeated persecution has put the stamp
 of sorrow on the ,jews2 they have grown
 big in their endurance1 in their       
comprehension of human suffering1 and in
 their sympathy with the struggles and  

longings of the human soul4  ,driven    
from country to country1 they avenged   
themselves by producing great thinkers1 
able theoreticians1 heroic leaders of   
progress4 ,all governments lament the   
fact that the ,jewish people have       
contributed the bravest fighters to the 
armies for every liberating war of      
mankind4  ,owing to the lack of a       
country of their own1 they developed1   
crystallized and idealized their        
cosmopolitan reasoning faculty4 ,true1  
they have not their own empire1 but many
 of them are working for the great      
moment when the earth will become the   
home for all1 without distinction of    
ancestry or race4 ,that is certainly a  
greater1 nobler and sounder ideal to    
strive for than a petty nationality4    
,it is this ideal that is daily         
attracting larger numbers of ,jews1 as  
well as ,gentiles2 and all attempts to  
hinder the realization thereof1 like the
 present nationalistic movement1 will be
 swept away by the storm that precedes  

the birth of the new era--mankind       
clasped in universal brotherhood4       
,illustration     ,mine ,owners'        
,revenge  ,,by ,m4 ,b4   ,charles ,h4   
,moyer1 ,president of the ,western      
,federation of ,miners1 ,william ,d4    
,haywood1 ,secretary of that            
organization1 and ,g4 ,a4 ,pettibone1   
former member of the same1 were arrested
 in ,denver1 ,february #agth4  ,they are
 accused of having participated in the  
murder of the ex-,governor of ,idaho1   
,mr4 ,steunenberg4 ,various other       
arrests have taken place in ,cripple    
,creek and ,haines1 ,oregon4  ,the      
events during and after the arrest leave
 no doubt that the authorities of       
,colorado and ,idaho are in the most    
beautiful accord in their attempt to    
kill the ,miners' ,union4 ,this accord  
and harmony is so apparent that         
thoughtful citizens cannot fail to see  
that the governments of ,colorado and   
,idaho are aiding in the conspiracy of  
the mine owners against the miners4     

,requisition papers and a special train 
seem to have been prepared in advance1  
for immediately after the arrest they   
were expelled and taken to ,boise ,city1
 ,idaho1 and within a few moments the   
whole matter was settled by the         
authorities of ,colorado1 not even      
pretending to show the slightest        
fairness4 ,nor did they display the     
least desire to investigate the grounds 
upon which requisition papers were      
granted4 ,this process usually takes    
several days4 ,in the case of ,moyer1   
,haywood and ,pettibone a few moments   
sufficed to close the whole proceedings4
  ,since the papers were issued before  
the arrest1 it is not at all unlikely   
that the death sentence has already been
 decided upon4 ,optimists in the labor  
movement maintain that a repetition of  
the legal murder of #ahhg1 that has     
caused shame and horror even in the     
ranks of the upper ten thousand1 is     
impossible--that the authorities would  
shrink from such an outrage1 such an    

awful crime4 ,that which has happened in
 ,colorado and ,idaho warrants no such  
hope4  ,the evidence against the leaders
 of the ,western ,federation of ,miners 
consists largely of one individual1 who 
is supposed to have known and witnessed 
everything4 ,the gentleman seems to     
fairly long for the moment when he can  
take the witness stand and furnish the  
material that the ,district ,attorney   
needs to prove the guilt of the accused4
 ,an expert perjurer1 it seems4  ,the   
,governor of ,idaho1 ,mr4 ,gooding1 has 
already given him a good character4 ,the
 man acknowledged his firm belief in the
 existence of a ,supreme ,being1 which  
touched the governor's heart deeply4    
,does he not know that it has ever been 
the mission of the ,supreme ,being to   
serve as ,impresario to ,falsehood and  
,wretchedness8  ,the accusation against 
the three prisoners is the best         
affidavit of the miner magnates of the  
courageous stand of the ,western        
,federation of ,miners during the reign 

of terror of the money powers4 ,for     
years everything was done to disrupt    
them1 but without results4 ,the latest  
outrage is a renewed and desperate      
attack on that labor organization4 ,are 
the working people of ,america going to 
look on coolly at a repetition of the   
,black ,friday in ,chicago8 ,perhaps    
there will also be a labor leader1 a la 
,powderly1 who will be willing to carry 
faggots to the stake8 ,or are they going
 to awaken from their lethargy1 ere     
,america becomes thoroughly ,russified8 
,,international ,,review   ,a painting  
from the good old times represents two  
peasants wrangling about a cow4 ,one    
holds on to the horns of the animal1 the
 other tightly clutches its tail1 a     
third figure is in a crouched position  
underneath4 ,it is the lawyer milking   
the cow1 while the other two are        
quarreling4 ,here we have the beauty of 
the representative system4 ,while groups
 are bargaining about their rights1     
their official advisers and lawmakers   

are skimming the cream off the milk4    
,not justice1 but social injustice is   
the incentive of these worthy gentlemen4
  ,human justice1 and legal             
representation thereof1 are two         
different things4 ,one who seeks for a  
representation places his rights in the 
hands of another4 ,he does not struggle 
for them himself1 he must wait for a    
decision thereupon from such quarters as
 are never inspired by love for justice1
 but by personal gain and profit4  ,the 
working people are beginning to         
recognize this4 ,it is also beginning to
 dawn upon them that they will have to  
be their own liberators4 ,they have the 
power to refuse their material support  
to a society that degrades them into a  
state of slavery4 ,this power was       
already recognized in #aghi1 when1 at   
the ,french ,national ,convention1      
,mirabeau thundered3 ,look out6 ,do not 
enrage the common people1 who produce   
everything1 who only need to fold their 
arms to terrify you6  ,the ,general     

,strike is still at the beginning of its
 activity4 ,it has gone through the fire
 in ,russia4 ,in ,spain and ,italy it   
has helped to demolish the belief in the
 sovereignity of ,property and the      
,state4  ,altogether the ,general       
,strike idea1 though relatively young1  
has made a deeper impression on friend  
and foe than several million votes of   
the working people could have achieved4 
,indeed1 it is no joke for the pillars  
of society4 ,what1 if the workers1      
conscious of their economic power1 cease
 to store up great wealth in the        
warehouses of the privileged8 ,it was   
not difficult to get along with the     
would-be labor leaders in the           
legislative bodies1 these worthy ones1  
experienced through the practice of     
manufacturing laws to maintain law and  
disorder1 rapidly develop into good     
supporters of the existing conditions4  
,now1 however1 the workingmen have      
entered upon the battlefield themselves1
 refusing their labor1 which has always 

been the foundation of the golden       
existence of the haute volee4 ,they     
demand the possibility to so organize   
production and distribution as to make  
it impossible for the minority to       
accumulate outrageous wealth1 and to    
guarantee to each economic well-being4  
,the expropriateurs are in danger of    
expropriation4 ,capitalism has          
expropriated the human race1 the        
,general ,strike aims to expropriate    
capitalism4  ,a new and invigorating    
breath of life is also felt in this     
country1 through the formation of the   
,industrial ,workers of the ,world4 ,it 
awakens the hope of a transformation of 
the present trade-union methods4 ,in    
their present form they serve the money 
powers more than the working class4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,robert ,koch1 the world-renowned       
scientist1 who was awarded the ,nobel   
prize in recognition of his work in the 
direction of exterminating tuberculosis1
 delivered a lecture at ,stockholm at   

the time of receiving the mark of       
distinction4 ,in the course of his      
speech he said3 ,we may not conceal the 
fact1 that the struggle against         
tuberculosis requires considerable sums 
of money4 ,it is really only a question 
of money4 ,the greater the number of    
free places for consumptives in         
well-equipped and well-conducted        
hospitals1 the better the families of   
these are supported1 so that the sick   
are not prevented from going to these   
hospitals on account of the care of     
their relations2 and the oftener such   
places are established1 the more rapidly
 tuberculosis will cease to be a common 
disease4  ,where are the governments    
which are supposed to serve as          
benefactors of suffering mankind8 ,they 
have milliards at their disposal1 but   
use most of it for the maintenance of   
armies1 bureaucracies1 police forces4   
,with these vast sums1 which they extort
 from the people1 they increase instead 
of diminish suffering4         99       

99       99       99       99  ,on the  
#bgth of ,january it was #aej years     
since ,wolfgang ,amadeus ,mozart was    
born4 ,a grandmaster of music1 a        
magician who leads the soul from the    
depths of life to its sunary heights4   
,mozart transposed life into music1     
,wagner and his pupils transposed       
problems of life4 ,wagner questions and 
receives no answer4 ,mozart affirms     
life4 ,his ,don ,juan liberates1        
,tannhaeuser leads into the labyrinth of
 bothersome renunciation4  ,the study of
 ,mozart's biography may be recommended 
to those who believe that the artistic  
individuality has freer scope to-day    
than it would have with communism4      
,mozart was always forced to look about 
for patrons of his art1 for he lacked   
the means to put his works before the   
public4  ,a biographer says of him3     
,mozart's life makes us feel the tragedy
 of an artist's life most painfully4 ,in
 his youth he was fondled and idealized 
as a wonder child1 but his circumstances

 deteriorated as he matured in his art  
and the more accomplished the works of  
his fantasy grew4 ,when he died he left 
a wife and children behind in great     
poverty4 ,there was not enough money on 
hand to bury him4 ,the corpse was placed
 in the potters' field4 ,when his wife1 
who had been sick at the time of the    
burial1 wanted to look up the grave1 it 
could not be exactly designated4 ,the   
genius of the artist1 however1 permeates
 the world on waves of light4         99
       99       99       99       99    
,the ,czar knows his mission4 ,he       
addressed a deputation of peasants from 
the ,province of ,kursk thus3  ,my      
brothers1 ,i am most glad to see you4   
,you must know very well that every     
right of property is sacred to the      
,state4 ,the owner has the same right to
 his land as you peasants have to yours4
 ,communicate this to your fellows in   
the villages4 ,in my solicitude for the 
country ,i do not forget the peasants1  
whose needs are dear to me1 and ,i will 

look after them continually as did my   
late father4 ,the ,national ,assembly   
will soon assemble and in co-operation  
with me discuss the best measures for   
your relief4 ,have confidence in me1 ,i 
will assist you4 ,but ,i repeat1        
remember always that right of property  
is holy and inviolable4  ,the           
commentaries to this fatherly address   
are furnished by the czaristic ,cossacks
 who hasten to the peasants' aid with   
the knout1 sword and incendiarism4      
,illustration     ,,literary ,,notes    
,letters of ,henrik ,ibsen1 published by
 ,fox ,duffield  ,co41 ,new      ,york4 
,price1 #b4ej4   ,these letters do not  
belong among those of great men which   
prove to be disappointments4 ,in reading
 them one is not inclined to ask as of  
,schopenhauer's letters1 why a          
philosophic genius of such depth should 
be laden with thousands of philistine   
trivialities4  ,ibsen reaches far beyond
 his surroundings in his letters4 ,what 
he writes is a continual protest against

 shallowness and mediocrity4 ,the misery
 of petty state affairs1 of patriotism  
with a board on the forehead bothered   
him greatly4 ,this is shown on every    
page4 ,whatever he expresses1 he always 
aims at expanding the horizon2 as he    
himself once remarked3 the              
revolutionizing of brains4 ,his         
sentiments are ,european1 and he must   
often hear that even the wish for       
combining the ,scandinavian countries   
borders on treason4 ,thus he becomes a  
solitary soul4 ,he has even nothing in  
common with the radicals2 he not only   
hates the state1 the enemy of           
individuality1 but he is averse to all  
attempts which aim at the drilling of   
the masses4 ,he loves ,bjoernson as a   
poet1 but he wants to have nothing to do
 with him as a politician4 ,in a letter 
to ,brandes he writes3  ,bjoernson says3
 ',the majority is always right4' ,and  
as a practical politician he is bound1  
,i suppose1 to say so4 ,i1 on the       
contrary1 must of necessity say3 ',the  

minority is always right4' ,naturally1  
,i am not thinking of that minority of  
stagnationists who are left behind by   
the great middle party1 but ,i mean that
 minority which leads the van1 and urges
 on to points which the majority has not
 yet reached4 ,i mean that man is right 
who has allied himself most closely with
 the future4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,under the ,wheel 
is the title of a ,german story by      
,hermann ,hesse1 in which he severely   
criticizes the incompetency of the      
present school system to fully develop  
the youth4 ,the characterization of the 
teachers' profession as ,hesse puts it1 
does not only serve for ,germany1 but   
for all modern states in which          
governments strive to train the young   
for the purpose of making patient       
subjects and hurrah-screaming patriots  
of them4 ,the author says with fine     
irony of the teacher3 ,it is his duty   
and vocation1 entrusted to him by the   
state1 to hinder and exterminate the    

rough forces and passions of nature in  
the young people and to put in place of 
them quiet moderation and ideals        
recognized by the state4 ,many a one who
 at present is a contented citizen or an
 ambitious official1 would have become  
without these endeavors of the school an
 unmanageable innovator or a hopeless   
dreamer4 ,there was something in him1   
something wild1 lawless1 which first had
 to be broken1 a flame which had to be  
extinguished4 ,the school must break and
 forcibly restrict the natural being2 it
 is its duty to make a useful member of 
society out of him1 according to        
principles approved by the state's      
authority4 ,the wonderful work is       
crowned with the careful training in the
 barracks4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,we regret that several of 
the contributions1 while having merits1 
were not of the form to be used for a   
magazine4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,benj4 ,r4 ,tucker         
,publisher and ,bookseller  has opened a

 ,book ,store at  #bbe ,fourth ,ave41   
,room #ac1 ,new ,york ,city   ,here will
 be carried1 ultimately1 the most       
complete line of advanced literature to 
be found anywhere in the world4 ,more   
than one thousand titles in the ,english
 language already in stock4 ,a still    
larger stock1 in foreign languages1 will
 be put in gradually4 ,a full catalogue 
will be ready soon of the greatest      
interest to all those in search of the  
literature4        ,which1 in morals1   
leads away from superstition1           
,which1 in politics1 leads away from    
government1 and      ,which1 in art1    
leads away from ,tradition4         99  
99       99       99       99  ,,liberty
  ,,benj4 ,r4 ,,tucker1 ,editor   ,an   
,anarchistic journal1 expounding the    
doctrine that in ,equal ,liberty is to  
be found the most satisfactory solution 
of social questions1 and that majority  
rule1 or democracy1 equally with        
monarchical rule1 is a denial of ,equal 
,liberty4         99       99       99  

99       99  ,,appreciations        ,g4 
,,bernard ,,shaw1 author of ,man and    
,superman3 ,liberty is a lively         
paper1 in which the usual proportions of
 a half-pennyworth of      discussion to
 an intolerable deal of balderdash are  
reversed4        ,,william ,,douglas    
,o',,connor1 author of ,the ,good ,gray 
,poet3 ,the      editor of ,liberty     
would be the ,gavroche of the           
,revolution1 ,if he      were not its   
,enjolras4        ,,frank ,,stephens1   
well-known ,single-,tax champion1       
,philadelphia3      ,liberty is a paper 
which reforms reformers4        ,,bolton
 ,,hall1 author of ,even ,as ,you and   
,i3 ,liberty shows us the      profit of
 ,anarchy1 and is the prophet of        
,anarchy4        ,,allen ,,kelly1       
formerly chief editorial writer on the  
,philadelphia      ,north ,american3    
,liberty is my philosophical ,polaris4  
,i ascertain      the variations of my  
economic compass by taking a sight at   
her      whenever she is visible4       

,,samuel ,w4 ,,cooper1 counsellor at    
law1 ,philadelphia3 ,liberty is a       
journal that ,thomas ,jefferson would   
have loved4        ,,edward ,,osgood    
,,brown1 ,judge of the ,illinois        
,circuit ,court3 ,i have      seen much 
in ,liberty that ,i agreed with1 and    
much that ,i disagreed      with1 but ,i
 never saw any cant1 hypocrisy1 or      
insincerity in it1      which makes it  
an almost unique publication4         99
       99       99       99       99    
,published ,bimonthly4 ,twelve ,issues1 
#a4jj  ,single ,copies1 #aj ,cents      
,address3 ,,benj4 ,r4 ,,tucker1 ,p4 ,o4 
,box #acab1 ,new ,york ,city         99 
99       99       99       99  ,m4 ,n4  
,maisel's  ,,book ,,store  #aid ,e4     
,broadway  ,new ,york  ,special ,sale   
,herbert ,spencer4 ,the ,authorized     
,copyright ,works4 7,appleton's         
edition47 ,first ,principles1 #a vol42  
,principles of ,biology1 #b vols42      
,principles of ,psychology1 #b vols42   
,principles of ,sociology1 #c vols42    

,principles of ,ethics1 #b vols4 #hvo4  
#aj vols41 cloth1 new ,published at     
#bj4jj4 ,my ,price #i4ej  ,charles      
,darwin4 ,the ,authorized ,copyright    
,works4 ,descent of ,man1 #a vol42      
,origin of ,species1 #b vols42          
,emotional ,expressions1 #a vol42       
,animals and ,plants under              
,domestication1 #b vols42 ,insectivorous
 ,plants1 #a vol42 ,vegetable ,mould1 #a
 vol42 ,life and ,letters of ,charles   
,darwin1 #b vols4 #aj vols41 cloth1 new 
,published at #be4jj4 ,my ,price1 #i4jj 
,i have only a few series of these sets 
and will not be able to supply at these 
prices after stock is gone4         99  
99       99       99       99  ,more    
than #ae1jjj volumes always on hand4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,fine ,sets2 ,reference ,works2 ,general
 ,literature2 ,scientific1              
,philosophical1 ,liberal1 ,progressive  
and ,reform ,books4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,most of the      
,books in stock1 new or second-hand1 are

 sold at from #be to #ge per cent       
discount from ,publishers price4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,weekly ,importations from ,germany1    
,russia1 ,france and ,england4          
99       99       99       99       99  
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lectures every ,sunday1 #aa ,a4 ,m41 at 
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99       99       99       99       99  
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,monday for dinner and after discussion 
at some place designated by the         
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