,,fruits ,,( ,,que5sl& ,,by ,,alb]t ,h4 ,,b5son1 ,m4,r4,a4,c41 ,late ,in/ructor 9 ,fruit ,culture1 ,que5sl& ,gov]nm5t2 n[ ,director ( ,agriculture1 ,hob>t1 ,tasmania4 ,,brisbane3 ,,by ,,au?ority3 ,,an?ony ,j4 ,,cumm+1 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t]4 #aiad4 ,illu/ration3 ,fruit ( ,mango/e54 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page4 ,preface #e ,introduction #g ,que5sl& ,fruit-gr[+ #ag ,climate #ah #a/4--,soils ( ,ea/]n ,seabo>d1 & l& adjac5t to x1 suitable to ! gr[? ( ,tropical & ,semi-tropical ,fruit #ba #bnd4--,soils ( ! ,coa/al ,tablel&s1 suitable = ! gr[? ( ,decidu\s ,fruit #bc #crd4--,soils ( ! ,c5tral ,tablel&s1 suitable = ! gr[? ( ,grapes1 ,dates1 ,citrus ,fruits1 c4 #bd ,! ,banana #bd ,! ,p9eapple #ca ,! ,mango #da ,mango/e5 #de ,! ,papaw #dg ,! ,cocoa-nut #di ,! ,granadilla #ea ,! ,passion ,fruit #ea ,cu/>d ,apples #ec ,citrus ,fruit #eg ,! ,p]simmon #ga ,! ,loquat #gc ,! ,date ,palm #ge ,! ,pecan ,nut #ge ,japanese ,plums #gg ,*ickasaw ,plums #gg ,*9ese ,pea*es #gg ,figs #gi ,! ,mulb]ry #gi ,! ,/rawb]ry #gi ,cape ,gooseb]ry #hb ,! ,olive #hc ,! ,apple #he ,! ,pea* #hg ,! ,plum #hi ,! ,apricot #hi ,! ,*]ry #ij ,! ,pe> #ia ,! ,almond #ia ,grape ,culture #ic ,li/ ( ,fruits & ,vegetables ,gr[n 9 ,que5sl& #ajb ,illu/ration3 ,map ( ,que5sl& ,,preface4 ,9 ! m ?ickly populat$ portions ( ! ,old & ,new ,_w1 &1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 9 ! l>ge cities ( ,au/ralia1 ! "q ( h[ to make a liv+ has became "o ( vital importance to a l>ge portion ( ! population1 & is ! cause ( consid]able anxiety to fa!rs ( families :o are endeav\r+ to f9d employm5t = _! sons4 ,?is difficulty ( obta9+ employm5t is a v s]i\s "q1 & "o dem&+ ! mo/ e>ne/ consid]ation4 ,x is probably ! result ( _m diff]5t causes1 b1 9 ! writ]'s op9ion1 x is due ma9ly to ! fact t = ye>s pa/ ! tr5d ( population has be5 f ! c\ntry di/ricts to ! t[ns1 ) ! result t _m ( ! great c5tres ( population are n[ v badly conge/$1 & pr(itable employm5t ( any k9d is (t5 extremely difficult to obta94 ,! conge/$ t[ns (f] no possible outlet = surplus lab\r1 h5ce x is necess>y t su* lab\r mu/ f9d an outlet 9 ! less ?ickly populat$ p>ts ( ! _w :]e !re is /ill pl5ty ( room = developm5t & population is badly ne$$4 ,que5sl& is a c\ntry possess+ ^! qualifications2 b is1 un=tunately1 a c\ntry t is little kn[n to ! g5]al mass ( home-seek]s1 &1 fur!r1 :at little is kn[n ( x is usually s inaccurate t a v errone\s op9ion ( ! capabilities ( ?is really f9e c\ntry exi/s4 ,! great fl[ ( emigration is naturally to ^? c\ntries t are ne>e/ to ! ,old ,_w--viz41 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica & ,canada--& little att5tion is giv5 to ,au/ralia1 al?\gh we h _m advantages n possess$ by ei!r ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ,canada1 & are n subject to ! disadvantage ( an int5sely cold w9t] su* z t exp]i5c$ ?r\gh\t ! great] portion ( ^? c\ntries = sev]al mon?s ye>ly4 ,to ^? look+ = homes ! foll[+ pages are address$1 s t be=e decid+ to :at "p ( ! _w !y w g !y may "k :at sort ( a c\ntry ,que5sl& really is1 :at "o ( its indu/ries is l1 ! k9d ( life !y may look =w>d to sp5d+ "h1 & ! possibility ( _! mak+ a com=table home among/ u4 ,! life ( a fruit-gr[] is by no means a h>d "o 9 ,que5sl&1 ! climate ( ! fruit-gr[+ di/ricts is a heal?y & by no means a try+ "o1 & is ?or\ghly adapt$ to ! successful cultivation ( _m fruits2 &1 f9ally1 a liv+ c be made "u conditions t are mu* m conducive to ! well-be+ ( our race ?an ^? exi/+ 9 ! ov]cr[d$ c5tres ( population4 ,! writ] has no wi% to inf] t !re are big pr(its to be made by gr[+ fruit1 b1 at ! same "t1 he has no hesitation 9 say+ t :]e ! indu/ry is conduct$ 9 an up-to-date mann]1 on bus9ess l9es1 a good liv+ c be made1 & t !re is a good op5+ = _m :o are n[ badly 9 want ( employm5t4 ,! illu/rations repres5t v>i\s phases ( ! indu/ry1 & h be5 specially prep>$ by ,h4 ,w4 ,mobsby1 ! ,arti/ ( ! ,intellig5ce & ,t\ri/ ,bureau4 ,mo/ ( ! ,illu/rations h be5 tak5 at an exceptionally dry "t1 & at ! close ( "o ( ! colde/ w9t]s on record1 s t !y d n %[ ! crops or trees at _! be/2 at ! same "t1 !y give a fair idea ( "s ( our fruits1 or*>ds1 & fruit l&s4 ,,alb]t ,h4 ,,b5son4 ,brisbane1 ,que5sl&1 ,janu>y1 #aijf4 ,,introduction4 ,que5sl&'s greate/ want to-day is population3 ,m5 & wom5 to develop our great natural res\rces1 to g out into our c\ntry di/ricts z f>m]s1 dairym51 or fruit-gr[]s--n to /ick 9 our t[ns1 b to become prim>y produc]s1 work]s1 home-build]s--n ! sc\r+s ( big cities1 ! dissatisfi$1 ! loaf]1 b ! hone/ work] ^: wi% is to make a home = himself & 8 family4 ,!re are _m su* 9 ! ov]cr[d$ cities ( old] c\ntries1 /riv+ 9 va9 to make a liv+--exi/+1 x c h>dly be call$ liv+1 "u conditions t are by no means conducive to _! well-be+--(t5 poorly f$ & poorly clad--:o w\ld bett] !mselves by com+ to ,que5sl&1 & by :om ,que5sl& w\ld be b5efit$4 ,que5sl& has room = _m su* annually3 m5 & wom5 :o come "h = ! express int5tion ( settl+ among/ u & build+ homes = !mselves2 :o come "h prep>$ to "w1 &1 if ne$s be1 to "w h>d2 :o d n expect to become ri* sudd5ly1 b w be cont5t$ ) a com=table home1 a heal?y life1 & a mod]ate return = _! lab\r--results t are )9 ! rea* ( all1 & :i* comp>e m ?an fav\rably ) ! conditions "u :i* !y are at pres5t exi/+4 ,que5sl&'s mo/ valuable asset is h] soil1 & ?is requires population to develop x3 soil t1 9 ! diff]5t di/ricts & climates be/ adapt$ = _! gr[?1 is capable ( produc+ mo/ ( ! cultivat$ crops ( ! _w1 &1 ) v few exceptions1 all ! fruits ( comm]cial value1 _m ( !m to a v high degree ( p]fection4 ,?is pamphlet is practically conf9$ to ! fruit-gr[+ possibilities ( ,que5sl&1 & an endeav\r is made to %[ t !re is a good op5+ = int5d+ settl]s 9 ?is bran* ( agriculture1 b ! g5]al rem>ks respect+ ! climate1 ra9fall1 soils1 c41 w be ( equal int]e/ to any :o wi% to take up any o!r bran*1 su* z g5]al f>m+1 dairy+1 c4 ,! ,que5sl& ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture has receiv$ a numb] ( inquiries f "t to "t1 & f v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w1 respect+ ! possibilities ( pr(itable comm]cial fruit-gr[+ 9 ?is ,/ate1 & ?is pamphlet is int5d$ 9 "p to be an answ] to su* inquiries2 b1 at ! same "t1 x is hop$ t x w h a wid] scope1 & give a g5]al idea ( "o ( our /aple indu/ries to _m :o are n[ on ! look-out = a c\ntry 9 :i* to settle & an occupation to take up :5 !y arrive !re4 ,illu/ration3 ,woombye1 ,nor? ,coa/ ,railway4 ,! c5tre ( a l>ge fruit gr[+ di/rict4 ,no bran* ( agriculture has made a great] advance dur+ ! pa/ qu>t]-c5tury ?an t ( fruit-gr[+1 & none has become m popul>4 ,! dem& = fruit ( all k9ds1 :e!r fre% or pres]v$1 has increas$ enorm\sly ?r\gh\t ! _w1 & x is n[ g5]ally look$ ^u m z a necessity ?an a luxury4 ,h5ce !re are cont9ually recurr+ inquiries z to ! be/ place to />t fruit-gr[+ ) a reasonable prospect ( success4 ,x is n only ! increas$ dem& = fruit t causes ^! inquiries1 b fruit-gr[+ has a /rong attraction = _m w\ld-be agriculturi/s z comp>$ ) g5]al f>m+1 dairy+1 or /ock-rais+1 & ?is attraction is probably due to a c]ta9 fasc9ation x possesses t only ^? :o h be5 intimately acqua9t$ ) ! indu/ry = ye>s c fully appreciate4 ,9 addition to ! fact t liv+ "u "o's own v9e & fig-tree is 9 itself a v pleasant ideal to look =w>d to1 !re is no bran* ( agronomy t calls = a ke5] appreciation ( ! laws ( ,nature1 t br+s man into clos] t\* ) ,nature1 t makes a great] dem& on a man's pati5ce1 skill1 & en]gy1 or 9 :i* sci5ce & practice are m closely relat$1 ?an 9 t ( fruit-gr[+4 ,to all ^? :o are consid]+ ! advantages ( tak+ up fruit-gr[+ z an occupation1 & to ^? :o feel ! attraction ,i h j describ$1 ^! few words on fruit-gr[+ 9 ,que5sl& are address$1 z ! writ] wi%es !m to le>n some?+ ( ! fruit-gr[+ capabilities ( ?is ,/ate1 s t be=e decid+ on ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y w make a />t !y may n be 9 complete ignorance ( a l& t is especially adapt$ = ! gr[? ( a l>g] numb] ( di/9ct v>ieties ( fruit ?an any o!r simil> area ( l& ) :i* he is acqua9t$ ei!r 9 ! ,old or ,new ,_w4 ,que5sl& is a c\ntry ^: capabilities are at pres5t comp>atively unkn[n ev5 to ^? liv+ 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ,au/ralia1 &1 naturally1 v mu* less s to ! re/ ( ! _w1 h5ce a little g5]al in=mation respect+ our c\ntry & "o ( its indu/ries may be ( "s help to ^? :o are look+ = an op5+ 9 ?is p>ticul> bran* ( agriculture4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,tropical ,or*>d1 ,port ,d\glas4 ,illu/ration3 ,coo*9 ,york ,mango/e51 ,port ,d\glas ,di/rict4 ,que5sl& is a c\ntry hav+ a population ( a little ov] half a million1 & an area ( #dbi1abj1jjj acres2 ! population ( a city ( ! second magnitude1 & an area ( "s sev5 & "o-half times great] ?an t ( ,great ,brita91 or two & "o-half times great] ?an ! ,/ate ( ,texas1 ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,a c\ntry embrac+ #ah degrees ( latitude1 f ! #aa? to ! #bi? degrees ( s\? latitude1 & ext5d+ f a humid ea/]n seabo>d to an extremely dry int]ior1 "s #ae degrees ( longitude we/4 ,a c\ntry1 !re=e1 ( _m climates & v>i$ ra9fall4 ,a c\ntry possess+ a great div]sity ( soils1 _m ( :i* are ( surpris+ ri*ness4 ,a c\ntry m or less heavily timb]$ ) ei!r scrub or =e/ gr[?1 or consi/+ ( wide op5 pla9s t are practically treeless4 ,a c\ntry ( inf9ite res\rces1 t is capable ( produc+ )9 its own bord]s all t man requires1 f ! extreme tropical to temp]ate products4 ,a c\ntry t1 once its possibilities are realis$ & turn$ to a pr(itable acc\nt1 is de/9$ to become "o ( ! mo/ fruitful 9 ! globe1 to support a l>ge & ?riv+ population ( our own p2 & la/1 b n lea/1 a c\ntry t1 f a fruit-gr[]'s po9t ( view1 _c be excell$ else:]e4 ,we h a heal?y climate1 n by any means an extreme climate z is (t5 repres5t$--extreme cold is unkn[n1 fro/ be+ unusual on any portion ( ! seabo>d1 b common dur+ ! w9t] mon?s on our tablel&s4 ,b ev5 :]e !re are fro/s ! days are pleasantly w>m4 ,summ] is und\bt$ly w>m1 b x is usually a be>able heat1 & sudd5 *anges are extremely r>e1 s t ?\gh try+ 9 ! humid tropical seabo>d1 x is n unbe>able1 & comp>es fav\rably ) ! tropical heat met ) else:]e4 ,?is is cle>ly %[n by ! /am9a ( ! :ite race1 p>ticul>ly ^? liv+ 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts1 :]e bo? m5 & wom5 comp>e fav\rably ) ^? ( any o!r "p ( ! ,empire4 ,except 9 v isolat$ places1 communication ) ! outside _w & betwe5 ! diff]5t c5tres ( population is regul> & frequ5t2 9 fact1 9 all ! coa/al & coa/al tablel& di/ricts ( ! ,/ate "o is kept daily 9 t\* ) all ! important matt]s t are tak+ place 9 ! _w4 ,9 ! home life !re is a fre$om n met ) 9 old] c\ntries2 !re is an almo/ entire abs5ce ( artificiality--p are natural1 & are int]e/$ 9 ea* o!r's welf>e4 ,!y are c]ta9ly fond ( pleasure1 b at ! same "t are extremely g5]\s & hospitable4 ,! writ] c speak ( ?is f a l>ge practical exp]i5ce1 z = "s ye>s pa/ he has annually travell$ _m ?\s&s ( miles among/ fruit-gr[]s & o!rs :o are settl$ on ! l&1 &1 )\t exception1 he has ev]y:]e be5 met ) ! greate/ k9dness f ri* & poor alike--9 %ort1 a he>ty welcome--& ! be/ t ! h\se af=ds is ! rule1 )\t exception4 ,9 brief1 %\ld any ( my read]s decide on com+ to ,que5sl&1 ! only diff]5ce t !y w f9d z comp>$ ) ! old] c\ntries is1 t our climate is some:at w>m] 9 summ]1 b to comp5sate = ?is we h no sev]e cold 9 w9t]4 ,!re is m fre$om & less conv5tionality1 life to all :o w "w is mu* easi]1 & !re is n ! same necessity = exp5sive clo?+ or h\ses z exi/s 9 m rigor\s climates4 ,! p !y w meet are ( _! own col\r & race1 no d\bt fond ( sport & pleasure1 p]haps incl9$ to be a little self-op9ionat$1 b solid grit at ! bottom4 ,z previ\sly /at$1 ,que5sl& (f]s exceptional advantages to ! int5d+ fruit-gr[]1 & ! foll[+ may be quot$ z examples4 ,! ease ) :i* fruit c be produc$1 :5 gr[n "u conditions suitable to its prop] developm5t1 is (t5 rem>kable1 & is a con/ant s\rce ( wond] to all :o h be5 accu/om$ to ! comp>atively sl[ gr[? ( _m ( our common] v>ieties ( fruits :5 gr[n 9 less fav\r$ climes1 & to ! c>e t is !re necess>y to produce pr(itable returns4 ,"h all k9ds ( tree life is rapid1 & fruit trees come into be>+ mu* soon] ?an !y d 9 cold] climates4 ,9 addition to _! arriv+ at e>ly maturity1 !y are also1 z a rule1 heavy be>]s1 _! fault1 if any?+1 be+ t[>ds ov]-be>+4 ,fruits ( _m k9ds are s ?or\ghly acclimatis$ t x is by no means uncommon to f9d !m gr[+ wild1 & hold+ _! own 9 ! mid/ ( rank indig5\s vegetation1 )\t receiv+ ! slighte/ c>e or att5tion4 ,9 "s cases :]e cultivat$ fruits h be5 all[$ to become wild1 !y h become some:at ( a pe/1 & h kept d[n all o!r gr[?s1 s mu* s t x has be5 actually necess>y to take /eps to prev5t !m f becom+ a nuisance1 s readily d !y gr[1 & s rapidly d !y increase4 ,! v ease ) :i* fruit c be gr[n :5 plant$ "u conditions ( soil & climate fav\rable to its developm5t has _h a t5d5cy to make gr[]s some:at c>eless z comp>$ ) ^? ( o!r c\ntries :o h to gr[ fruit "u conditions dem&+ ! mo/ c>eful att5tion 9 ord] to be made pr(itable4 ,?is is en\gh to %[ t ,que5sl& is adapt$ = fruit-gr[+1 & ! illu/rations accompany+ ! description ( our *ief comm]cial fruits w %[ !m m =cibly ?an any words ( m9e t my cont5tion is a correct "o4 ,latt]ly1 h[ev]1 !re has be5 a consid]able improvem5t 9 ! work+ ( our or*>ds1 gr[]s f9d+ t x does n pay to gr[ second-quality fruit1 &1 !re=e1 !y are giv+ mu* m att5tion to ! selection ( v>ieties1 cultivation ( ! l&1 prun+ ! trees1 & ! keep+ 9 *eck ( fruit pe/s2 z1 l o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 we h our pe/s to deal )4 ,?is improvem5t 9 ! c>e & managem5t ( our or*>ds is result+ 9 a correspond+ improvem5t 9 ! quantity & quality ( our output1 s t n[ our comm]cial fruits--t is to say1 ! fruits gr[n 9 comm]cial quantities--comp>e fav\rably ) ! be/ types ( simil> fruits produc$ else:]e4 ,! writ] has no wi% to convey ! impression t all t is requir$ 9 ord] to gr[ fruit 9 ,que5sl& is to secure suitable l&1 plant ! trees1 let ,nature d ! re/1 & :5 !y come into be>+ simply ga!r & m>ket ! fruit4 ,?is has be5 done 9 ! pa/1 & may be done aga9 "u fav\rable conditions1 b x is n ! usual me?od adopt$1 nor is x to be recomm5d$4 ,"h1 z else:]e1 ! progressive fruit-gr[+ ( to-day has become practically a sci5ce1 z ! fruit-gr[] :o wi%es to keep abrea/ ( ! times dep5ds l>gely on ! practical application ( sci5tific k = ! successful c>ry+ on ( 8 bus9ess4 ,!re is no bran* ( agronomy 9 :i* sci5ce & practice are m closely connect$ ?an 9 t ( fruit-gr[+4 ,e op]ation ( ! fruit-gr[] is1 or %\ld be1 c>ri$ out on sci5tific l9es & by ! be/ me?ods ( propagation--prun+1 cultivation1 manur+1 treatm5t ( diseases1 & pres]vation ( fruit :5 gr[n are all1 directly or indirectly1 ! result ( sci5tific rese>*4 ,to be a successful fruit-gr[] 9 ,que5sl& "o mu/ !re=e use "o's bra9s z well z "o's h&s2 ! "r tree mu/ be gr[n 9 ! "r k9d ( soil & "u ! "r conditions2 x mu/ be prop]ly att5d$ to1 & ! fruit1 :5 gr[n1 mu/ be m>ket$ 9 ! be/ possible condition1 :e!r same be z fre% fruit or dri$1 cann$1 or o!rwise pres]v$1 & :e!r same be de/9$ = our local1 ,au/ralian1 or ov]sea m>kets4 ,fruit-gr[+ on ^! l9es is a success 9 ,que5sl& to-day1 & x is capable ( consid]able ext5sion1 s t1 9 ! writ]'s op9ion1 x (f]s a good field = ! int5d+ settl]4 ,c>ri$ out 9 ! mann] indicat$1 he has no hesitation 9 say+ t ,que5sl& is a good place 9 :i* to />t fruit-gr[+1 t ! advantages x possesses _c be surpass$ or ev5 equall$ else:]e1 &1 fur!r1 t z our seasons are ! opposite ( ^? 9 c\ntries situat$ on ! nor? ( ! equator1 our fruits rip5 9 ! (f-seasons ( simil> fruit gr[n 9 ^? c\ntries1 &1 ) our facilities = cold /orage & rapid transit1 c be plac$ on _! m>kets at a "t t !y are b>e ( su* fruits1 ?us secur+ top prices4 ,illu/ration3 ,bun* ( ,fruit ( ! ,coo*9 ,york ,mango/e54 ,que5sl& has practically an unlimit$ area ( l& suitable = fruit culture1 mu* ( :i* is at pres5t 9 its virg9 /ate1 & is obta9able on easy t]ms & at a l[ rate4 ,gov]nm5t l& is wor? on an av]age ,l#a p] acre1 & privately-own$ l& suitable = fruit-gr[+ c be pur*as$ at f #ajs4 to ,l#e p] acre1 accord+ to its quality & its di/ance f railway or wat] c>riage4 ,we h pl5ty ( l&1 :at we lack is population to "w x2 & !re is no fe> ( ov]-cr[d+ = _m ye>s to come4 ,we h n only l>ge areas ( good fruit l& at reasonable rates1 b ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,que5sl&1 ?r\gh its ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 is always ready to give full in=mation to int5d+ settl]s1 to assi/ !m 9 _! selection ( suitable l&1 to advise !m z to ! k9ds ( fruit to plant1 to give practical advice 9 ! cultivation1 prun+1 manur+1 & g5]al managem5t ( ! or*>d z well z 9 ! disposal or utilisation ( ! fruit :5 gr[n2 9 %ort1 to help ! beg9n] to />t on ! "r l9es1 s t he w be successful4 ,illu/ration3 ,tam>9d ,fruits--,kam]unga ,/ate ,nurs]y1 ,cairns4 ,!re is also little if any fe> ( ov]-ext5d+ ! fruit-gr[+ indu/ry1 z1 if x is conduct$ on ! "r l9es & on s\nd bus9ess pr9ciples1 we c raise fruit ( ! highe/ quality at a price t w enable u to compete 9 ! m>kets ( ! _w especially n[ t we h direct & rapid communication at frequ5t int]vals ) ,canada1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ! ,ea/ 7,japan1 ,manilla1 c471 ,europe1 & ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,,que5sl& ,,fruit ,,gr[+4 ,v few p]sons h any idea ( ! magnitude or ! res\rces ( ?is ,/ate ( ,que5sl&1 & 9 no bran* ( agricultural indu/ry are !y m cle>ly %[n ?an 9 t ( fruit-gr[+4 ,"h1 unlike ! cold] p>ts ( ! _w or ! extreme tropics1 we are n conf9$ to ! gr[+ ( p>ticul> v>ieties ( fruits1 b1 ow+ to our great ext5t ( c\ntry1 & its geographical di/ribution1 we are able to produce practically all ! cultivat$ fruits ( ! _w1 _m ( !m to great p]fection4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "o or two tropical fruits t are exceptions1 su* z ! duri5 & mango/e51 ^: range is extremely small1 & "o or two ( ! b]ry fruits ( cold c\ntries1 :i* require a cold] w9t] ?an t exp]i5c$ 9 any "p ( ?is ,/ate4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 be se5 at once t a c\ntry t c produce su* fruits z ! mango1 p9eapple1 banana1 papaw1 granadilla1 guava1 cu/>d apple1 lit*i1 s\r sop1 cocoa nut1 bread fruit1 jack fruit1 mon/]a1 alligator pe>1 & o!rs ( a purely tropical "*2 ! date1 citrus fruits ( all k9ds1 passion fruit1 p]simmon1 olive1 pecan nut1 cape gooseb]ry1 loquat1 & o!r fruits ( a semi-tropical "*1 z well z ! fruits ( ! m temp]ate regions1 su* z ! apple1 pe>1 plum1 pea*1 apricot1 qu9ce1 almond1 *]ry1 fig1 walnut1 /rawb]ry1 mulb]ry1 & o!rs ( m9or importance1 9 addition to grapes ( all k9ds1 bo? = w9e & table1 & ( bo? ,european & ,am]ican orig91 (f]s a v wide *oice ( fruits inde$ to ! prospective gr[]4 ,( c\rse1 x mu/ n be ?\ght = a mom5t t all ! fruits m5tion$ c be gr[n to p]fection at any "o place 9 ! ,/ate1 z t w\ld be an impossibility1 b !y c be gr[n 9 "s "p ( ! ,/ate pr(itably & to great p]fection4 ,! law ( successful fruit culture is ! same "h z 9 all o!r fruit-produc+ c\ntries--viz41 to gr[ 9 y\r di/rict only ^? fruits :i* are p>ticul>ly adapt$ to y\r soil & climate1 & to let o!rs gr[ ^? fruits :i* y _c gr[1 b :i* _! conditions all[ !m to produce to p]fection4 ,! int5d+ gr[] mu/1 !re=e1 fir/ decide on :at fruits he wi%es to gr[1 & :5 he has done s1 select ! di/rict be/ suit$ to _! gr[?4 ,! small map ( ! ,/ate %[s ! di/ricts 9 :i* c]ta9 fruits may be gr[n pr(itably1 or1 r1 ! di/ricts 9 :i* !y are at pres5t be+ s gr[n2 b !re are _m o!r di/ricts 9 :i* fruit-gr[+ has n be5 attempt$ 9 comm]cial quantities or = o!r ?an purely home consumption t1 once ! ,/ate beg9s to fill up ) population1 are equal1 if n sup]ior1 to ! old] fruit-gr[+ di/ricts1 & are capable ( ma9ta9+ a l>ge population4 ,illu/ration3 ,typical ,clean ,or*>d4 ,,climate4 ,z previ\sly /at$1 ! successful culture ( fruit dep5ds ma9ly on ! "r k9ds ( fruit be+ gr[n 9 ! "r soil & climate4 ,?is naturally br+s u to ! "q ( climate1 & "h "o aga9 gets an idea ( ! ext5t ( our c\ntry1 z we h n "o b _m climates4 ,climate is a matt] ( su* vital importance to fruit-gr[]s1 & !re is su* a g5]al lack ( k respect+ ! climate ( ,que5sl&1 t a little in=mation on ?is po9t is desirable4 ,i am afraid t !re is a v g5]al impression t ,que5sl& has a climate t is only suitable = a col\r$ race2 t x is ei!r 9 ! condition ( a burnt-up des]t or is be+ flood$ out4 ,t x is a c\ntry ( dr\ghts & floods1 a c\ntry ( extremes--9 fact1 a v desirable place to live out (4 ,no m errone\s idea 0 ev] giv5 cr$5ce to1 &1 z an ,engli%man born1 :o has _h _m ye>s' practical exp]i5ce on ! l& 9 ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 & ! v>i\s ,au/ralian ,/ates1 ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ t1 z f> z my exp]i5ce goes--& x is an exp]i5ce ga9$ by visit+ ne>ly e "p ( ! ,/ate t is suit$ = agricultural pursuits--tak5 z a :ole1 x is difficult to f9d a bett] or heal?i] climate 9 any o!r c\ntry ( equal area4 ,our climate has its disadvantages1 no d\bt1 p>ticul>ly our dry spells1 b %[ me ! c\ntry t has a p]fect climate4 ,we h disadvantages1 b1 at ! same "t1 we h great advantages2 advantages t1 9 my op9ion1 outweigh our disadvantages4 ,our ea/]n seabo>d1 ext5d+ f ! ,new ,s\? ,wales bord] 9 ! s\?1 a few miles to ! s\? ( ! #bh? degree ( s\? latitude1 to ,cape ,york1 "s #bj miles nor? ( ! #aa? degree ( s\? latitude1 conta9s our be/ di/ricts = ! gr[? ( tropical & semi-tropical fruits4 ,! coa/al climate1 h[ev]1 v>ies consid]ably1 & is gov]n$ by ! proximity or o!rwise ( ! coa/ ranges4 ,:5 !y approa* ! coa/ !re is always m ra9fall1 & z !y rec$e ! ra9fall decreases4 ,) "o or two exceptions1 :]e ! coa/al range is a consid]able di/ance inl&1 ! ea/]n coa/al di/ricts h a suffici5t ra9fall = ! successful culture ( mo/ fruits1 ?\gh !y are subject to a dry spell dur+ w9t] & spr+4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( ! ye>1 ! wea!r is extremely enjoyable2 9 fact1 x is h>d to bett] x1 ev5 9 our extreme ,nor?4 ,b z summ] approa*es1 ?und]/orms become preval5t1 & are accompani$ by m or less humid conditions1 :i*1 ?\gh good = fruit-developm5t1 are n q s enjoyable z ! dri] mon?s4 ,summ] is our ra9y season1 & ! ra9falls are occasionally v heavy4 ,! wea!r is w>m & oppressive1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! m tropical di/ricts2 b ^! v conditions are ^? t are be/ suit$ to ! production ( tropical fruits4 ,! climate ( ^? di/ricts hav+ ! heavie/ summ] ra9fall is some:at try+ to ,europeans1 p>ticul>ly wom51 b x is by no means unheal?y1 & 9 ! hotte/ p>ts1 hav+ ! coa/ range ne>ly on ! coa/1 !re is1 )9 a few miles1 a tablel& ( f #b1jjj to #d1jjj feet elevation1 :]e ! climate is cool & brac+1 & :]e ! jad$ man or woman c soon ?r[ (f ! feel+ ( lassitude br\ght ab\t by ! heat & humidity ( ! seabo>d4 ,9 autumn ! wea!r soon cools (f1 dri] conditions sup]v5e1 & liv+ aga9 becomes a pleasure 9 "o ( ! be/ & heal?ie/ climates to be met ) any:]e4 ,practically all ! di/rict "u review has a suffici5t ra9fall = ! gr[? ( all fruits suitable to ! climate1 ?\gh !re are occasionally dry spells dur+ spr+1 :5 a judici\s wat]+ w\ld be a great advantage4 ,?is does n imply a regul> sy/em ( irrigation1 b simply ! cons]v+ ( surplus moi/ure 9 times ( pl5ty by means ( dams across small natural wat]c\rses or gullies1 by tanks :]e su* d n occur1 or f wells :]e an available supply ( und]gr\nd wat] may be obta9$4 ,! wat] s cons]v$ w only be ne$$ occasionally1 b x is an insurance aga9/ any possible loss or damage t might accrue to ! trees dur+ a dry spell ( extra l5g?4 ,s f>1 little has be5 done 9 coa/al di/ricts 9 cons]v+ wat] = fruit-gr[+1 ! natural ra9fall be+ consid]$ by _m to be ample2 b1 9 ! writ]'s op9ion1 x w be f\nd to be a good inve/m5t1 z x w be ! means ( secur+ regul> crops in/ead ( an occasional p>tial failure1 due to lack ( suffici5t moi/ure dur+ a critical p]iod ( ! tree's gr[?4 ,! av]age ye>ly ra9fall 9 ! ea/]n seabo>d v>ies f #adi in*es at ,g]aldton to #da in*es at ,b[51 ! mean av]age be+ ab\t #ij in*es to ! nor? & #di in*es to ! s\? ( ,t[nsville4 ,7 ?is fall ev5ly di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 x w\ld be ample = all requirem5ts4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 x is n ev5ly di/ribut$1 ! heavy falls tak+ place dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 s t !re is (t5 a dry spell ( great] or less ext5t dur+ ! w9t] & spr+1 dur+ :i* a judici\s wat]+ has a v b5eficial effect on fruit trees1 & secures a good crop = ! com+ season4 ,! ra9fall %[s t !re is no fe> ( a %ortage ( wat] at any "t1 ! only "q is to cons]ve ! surplus = use dur+ a prolong$ dry spell4 ,^! conditions are extremely fav\rable = ! gr[? ( all tropical & semi-tropical fruits1 z dur+ our p]iod ( great] heat1 :5 ^! fruits make _! greate/ call = moi/ure1 !re is an abundance ( ra91 & dur+ ! o!r portions ( ! ye>1 :5 ! call is n s heavy1 x is usually an inexp5sive matt] to cons]ve or obta9 a suffici5t supply to keep ! trees 9 ! be/ ( ord]4 ,?r\gh\t ! s\!rn half ( ?is seabo>d fro/s are n unkn[n on l[-ly+ gr\nd1 b are extremely r>e on ! actual coa/1 or at an elevation ( #cjj to #djj feet above ! sea1 s mu* s t no precautions are necess>y to prev5t damage f fro/4 ,we h1 unlike ,florida & o!r p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica--great fruit-gr[+ di/ricts--no kill+ fro/s1 & n[1 at ! close ( "o ( ! colde/ w9t]s on record1 & "o ( ! drie/1 n[h]e h our p9eapples--fruit nor plants--be5 injur$1 except on l[-ly+ gr\nd1 ov] 9 ! ,s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate1 & mangoes1 bananas1 c41 are un9jur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,burn+-(f = fruit gr[+1 ,mapleton1 ,blackall ,range4 ,illu/ration3 ,same l& "o ye> lat]4 ,fruit-gr[]'s family ga!r+ /rawb]ries4 ,9 ! m tropical ,nor? fro/s are unkn[n on ! coa/1 & !re is no dang] to ev5 ! mo/ delicate plants f cold4 ,runn+ p>allel ) ! coa/ we h a s]ies ( ranges ( l[ m\nta9s1 runn+ f #b1jjj feet to ne>ly #f1jjj feet1 ! g5]al height be+ f #b1jjj to #c1jjj feet1 & at ! back ( ^! ranges m or less level tablel&s1 slop+ g5]ally to ! we/4 ,on & adjac5t to ^! ranges 9 ! ,s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate1 !re are fairly %>p fro/s 9 w9t]1 b ! days are w>m & bright4 ,?is is ! di/rict be/ adapt$ = ! gr[? ( decidu\s fruits & v9es1 table v>ieties do+ p>ticul>ly well4 ,x is a di/rict well adapt$ = mix$ f>m+ & dairy+1 z well z fruit-gr[+2 ! climate is ev5 & heal?y1 & is nei!r sev]e 9 summ] nor w9t]4 ,! av]age ra9fall is "s #cj in*es1 & is usually suffici5t1 ?\gh !re are dry p]iods1 :5 a judici\s wat]+1 z recomm5d$ = ! coa/ di/ricts1 w\ld be ( great value to fruit & vegetable gr[]s4 ,! m nor!rn end ( ?is tablel& c\ntry has a mu* bett] ra9fall--"s #dj in*es p] annum--& fro/s1 ?\gh !y occur at times1 are n common4 ,"h ! climate is v heal?y1 !re are no extremes ( heat & cold1 &1 ly+ z x does inl& f ! mo/ try+ portion ( our tropical seabo>d1 x =ms a natural sanatorium to ?is "p ( our ,/ate4 ,fur!r we/ ! ra9fall decreases1 ! summ]s are hot--a dry heat1 z di/9ct f ! m humid heat ( ! coa/1 & mu* m be>able4 ,!re are frequ5t fro/s 9 w9t]1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate4 ,fruit-gr[+ is only c>ri$ on to a slight ext5t at pres5t1 & !n only ) ! help ( wat]1 b :5 ! latt] is obta9able1 v good results are obta9$4 ,grapes d well1 bo? w9e & table1 & = rais9-mak+4 ,citrus fruits are rem>kably f9e1 ! lemons especially1 be+ ! be/ gr[n 9 ! ,/ate4 ,! trees are less liable to ! attack ( _m pe/s1 ! dryness ( ! air ret>d+ _! developm5t1 if n altoge!r prev5t+ _! occurr5ce4 ,! date palm is q at home "h1 & :5 plant$ 9 deep s&y l&1 & suppli$ ) suffici5t wat]1 x is a rapid gr[] & heavy be>]4 ,z an (fset to ! smallness ( ! ra9fall1 !re is a good supply ( artesian wat]1 di/ribut$ ov] a wide range ( c\ntry1 t c be obta9$ at a reasonable rate1 & t is suitable = irrigation purposes4 ,all bore wat] is n suitable = irrigation1 h[ev]1 z "s ( x is too highly m9]alis$1 b !re are l>ge areas ( c\ntry possess+ an artesian supply ( excell5t quality = ?is purpose4 ,x w ?us be se5 t we h 9 ,que5sl&1 r\ghly1 ?ree di/9ct belts ( fruit-gr[+ c\ntry-- #a/4--,! ,ea/]n ,seabo>d1 & ! l& adjac5t to x1 suitable = ! gr[+ ( tropical & semi-tropical fruit2 #bnd4--,! ,coa/al ,tablel&s1 suitable = ! gr[? ( decidu\s fruits1 v9es1 olives1 & citrus fruits 9 p>ts2 #crd4--,! ,c5tral ,tablel&s1 suitable = ! gr[? ( grapes1 = table & dry+1 dates1 citrus fruits1 c41 b requir+ wat] = irrigation to produce pr(itably4 ,s f>1 ,i h conf9$ my rem>ks ma9ly to ! climatic side ( fruit-gr[+1 &1 be=e deal+ ) ! gr[+ ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( fruit1 ,i w say a few words ab\t our fruit soils1 & w deal ) !m 9 di/ricts1 z ,i h endeav\r$ to d 9 ! case ( climate4 #a/4--,soils ( ,ea/]n ,seabo>d1 & ,l& adjac5t to x1 suitable to ! ,gr[? ( ,tropical & ,semi-,tropical ,fruit4 ,sev]al di/9ct types ( soil are f\nd t are well adapt$ = fruit-gr[+1 b !y all h "o g5]al *>act]i/ic :i* is a s9e qua non ( success--viz41 !y mu/ possess good natural dra9age1 s t !re is no dang] ( _! becom+ wat]logg$ or s\r$ dur+ p]iods ( cont9u$ or heavy ra9fall1 z ^! conditions are fatal to fruit culture "u tropical & semi-tropical conditions4 ,( su* soils1 ! fir/ to be consid]$ are ^? ( basaltic orig94 ,!y are usually ( a *ocolate or ri* r$ col\r1 are ( great dep?1 9 p>ts m or less cov]$ ) basaltic b\ld]s1 9 o!rs entirely free f /ones4 ,! surface soil is friable & easily work$1 & ! subsoil1 :i* is usually ( a ri* r$ col\r1 is easily p5etrat$ by ! roots ( trees & plants gr[n !reon4 ,occasionally ! subsoil is m compact1 9 :i* case x is n s good = fruit-tree gr[?1 b is bett] adapt$ = t ( sug>-cane1 corn1 grass1 c4 ,^! basaltic soils are usually ri*1 & are cov]$ 9 _! virg9 condition ) :at is t]m$ scrub--a d5se mass ( vegetation closely resembl+ an ,indian jungle4 ,! scrub gr[? is totally di/9ct f =e/ gr[?1 :i* w be describ$ lat]1 9 t ! bulk ( ! timb] gr[+ 9 x1 mu* ( :i* is ( l>ge size1 is ( a s(t nature1 & once cut d[n soon rots away4 ,imag9e a d5se wall ( vegetation1 consi/+ ( l>ge trees runn+ up to #ajj or #aej feet 9 height1 ) trunks rang+ f #b to #h feet1 or ev5 m1 9 diamet]1 & betwe5 ^! trunks an imp5etrable mass ( small] gr[?s1 all ( ! mo/ vivid gre5 col\rs1 toge!r ) innum]able v9es & creep]s t are susp5d$ f ! bran*es ( ! trees1 hang+ 9 fe/oons1 creep+ palms & bamboos1 f]ns & or*ids ( _m k9ds1 bo? on ! gr\nd & gr[+ on ! tree trunks1 z well z _m beautiful foliage plants only f\nd 9 ho?\ses 9 ,engl&1 & y w h a fa9t idea ( :at a virg9 scrub 9 coa/al ,que5sl& is l4 ,mu* ( ! timb] ( ! coa/al scrubs is ( consid]able comm]cial value = build+ purposes & furniture mak+1 & is1 or %\ld be1 s utilis$ prior to fell+ & burn+ (f4 ,true scrub l&s are n by any means ! mo/ difficult to cle>1 ?\gh to a new *um ! "w w appe> at fir/ ( a ,h]culean "*4 ,bru%+ ! d5se und]gr[? & !n fell+ ! timb] at a face co/s f ,l#a #ajs4 to ,l#b p] acre1 accord+ to d5sity1 size ( timb]1 & proportion ( h>dwood trees conta9$ 9 x1 & once ?is is done ! fall5 mass is all[$ to become ?or\ghly dry1 :5 x is burnt (f4 ,a good fire is half ! battle1 z ! subsequ5t "w ( burn+ (f ! heavy timb] left f ! fir/ burn is comp>atively light4 ,no /umps are tak5 out1 z ! bulk are f\nd to rot out 9 a few ye>s1 & _! pres5ce 9 ! soil is no detrim5t to ! plant+ ( su* crops z bananas or ev5 citrus fruit trees4 ,no special prep>ation ( ! l&1 su* z break+ up1 c41 is necess>y prior to plant+4 ,holes are dug1 trees or bananas are plant$1 & ! :ole cultivation = ! fir/ few ye>s consi/s 9 keep+ d[n we$ gr[?s ) ! *ipp+ hoe4 ,once ! /umps h rott$ out ! pl\gh & o!r implem5ts ( culture take ! place ( ! hoe4 ,^! soils are especially adapt$ = ! gr[? ( oranges1 limes1 m&>9s1 mangoes1 bananas1 p9eapples1 papaws1 cu/>d apples1 /rawb]ries1 & cape gooseb]ries 9 ! ,s\?2 9 fact1 = ne>ly e k9d ( tropical & semi-tropical fruit4 ,"s basaltic soils are occasionally cov]$ ) =e/ 9 ! place ( scrub1 or a mixture1 "p scrub & "p =e/4 ,=e/ c\ntry1 z di/9ct f scrub1 is op5-timb]$ c\ntry1 ) little und]gr[?1 & no v9es or o!r creep]s4 ,! timb]s are also1 z a rule1 v h>d1 & ! /umps w n rot out4 ,su* l&1 :5 at all heavily timb]$1 is mu* h>d] to cle> & get ready = fruit-gr[+ ?an true scrub1 z all timb] mu/ be fell$ & burnt (f1 & all /umps & roots tak5 out1 s t ! l& c be ?or\ghly brok5 up & br\ght into a good /ate ( til? prior to plant+4 ,^! soils are suitable to ! gr[? ( simil> fruits to ! true scrubs1 b1 z a rule1 !y are n z ri*4 ,! second class ( soils suitable to fruit-gr[+ are ( alluvial orig91 & are ( a s&y1 loamy nature1 ( fair dep?4 ,!y are usually met ) along our creeks & riv]s1 or 9 ! deltas ( our riv]s4 ,9 _! virg9 /ate !y are ei!r cov]$ ) scrub or =e/1 or a mixture ( bo?1 b ! gr[? is seldom z /rong z on ! r$ volcanic soils4 ,heavy alluvial soils are n suitable = fruit culture1 & are mu* m valuable = ! gr[? ( f>m crops1 b ! light s&y loams & free loams ( m$ium "* suit all k9ds ( fruit to p]fection4 ,^! soils usually are easy to "w4 ,!y reta9 moi/ure well :5 well work$1 & frequ5tly !y are capable ( be+ irrigat$1 ei!r f adjac5t creeks or riv]s1 or by wat] f wells4 ,^! soils are "s ( our be/ = citrus fruits1 & are well adapt$ = ! gr[? ( p9eapples & bananas1 z well z mo/ o!r tropical fruits1 :5 free f fro/s4 ,! ?ird class ( soils are free s&y loams1 ei!r scrub or =e/4 ,!y are ( v>i\s col\rs1 & range 9 texture f light s&y loams to m$ium loams2 !y possess excell5t dra9age1 & ?\gh1 :5 cov]$ ) =e/1 !y are n naturally ri*1 !y make excell5t fruit soils1 & respond rapidly to sy/ematic cultivation & manur+4 ,!y are usually ( s&/one or granitic orig91 &1 :5 cov]$ ) scrub 9 ! fir/ place1 gr[ good crops = ! fir/ few ye>s1 :5 !y become m or less exhau/$ 9 "o or m available plant foods1 & require manur+4 ,^! soils1 l ! s&y alluvial loams1 are easy to "w1 reta9 moi/ure well :5 kept 9 a /ate ( p]fect til?1 & respond readily to manur+4 ,!y w gr[ all k9ds ( fruits :5 free f fro/4 ,!re are o!r soils on :i* fruit c be gr[n1 b ^? m5tion$ repres5t ^? mo/ suitable4 ,! l& on :i* ^! soils occur is (t5 mu* brok51 p>ticul>ly 9 ri* scrub c\ntry2 x is fairly level :5 ( alluvial orig91 & m or less roll+1 z a rule1 :5 ( a s&y loamy nature4 ,high1 ridgy1 free1 loamy c\ntry is usually ! mo/ free f fro/1 & alluvial flats ! mo/ liable to x4 #bnd4--,soils ( ! ,coa/al ,tablel&s1 suitable = ! ,gr[? ( ,decidu\s ,fruit4 ,/>t+ f ! ,s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate1 adjo9+ ! ,new ,s\? ,wales bord]1 ! fruit soils are all ( granitic orig94 ,! c\ntry is mu* brok51 b betwe5 ! ridges & along ! creek flats !re is a consid]able area possess+ soils v>y+ f a co>se1 granitic1 gritty soil to a f9e granitic soil2 t on ! creeks ( an alluvial nature1 b /ill granitic4 ,^! soils v>y consid]ably 9 quality1 b are1 z a rule1 easy to "w & reta9 moi/ure well4 ,!y are cov]$ ) op5 =e/ & are p>ticul>ly adapt$ to ! gr[? ( apples1 plums1 pea*es1 & grapes1 ?\gh o!r decidu\s fruits are gr[n b n to ! same excell5ce z ^? m5tion$4 ,proce$+ nor? ! fruit soils are ei!r s&y loams or loams ( a br[ni% col\r ( volcanic orig94 ,! =m] are suitable = almonds & w9e grapes1 & ! latt] = pea*es1 apricots1 pe>s1 apples1 & especially olives4 ,fur!r nor? a few ( ^! fruits may be gr[n on loamy soils1 toge!r ) citrus fruits1 b1 comm]cially1 decidu\s fruits are conf9$ to ! s\!rn end ( ?is di/rict1 ! w9t] temp]ature be+ too high = _! successful gr[? fur!r nor?1 z ! trees get no w9t] re/1 h5ce d n mature _! fruit-be>+ wood prop]ly4 #crd4--,soils ( ! ,c5tral ,tablel&s1 suitable to ! ,gr[? ( ,grapes1 ,dates1 ,citrus ,fruits1 ,etc4 ,at ! ,s\!rn end ( ! ,/ate ! fruit soils are all ( a s&y nature4 ,no?+ else is us$ 9 any quantity1 z s&y soils alone w reta9 suffici5t moi/ure = ! gr[? ( grapes & fruit trees dur+ dry spells1 & ev5 !n only :5 kept well & deeply work$4 ,fur!r nor?1 :]e suitable artesian wat] is available1 ! be/ fruit soils are also free loams ( a s&y nature1 ei!r alluvial or op5 =e/ soils1 b deep1 & possess+ p]fect dra9age1 z irrigation on l& )\t good natural dra9age is fatal to fruit culture4 ,^! s&y loams are also easy to "w2 ?\gh by no means ri*1 !y1 on acc\nt ( _! dep?1 gr[ good crops ( fruit by means ( irrigation1 & ! fruit1 su* z dates1 oranges1 lemons1 grapes1 c41 is ( v f9e quality4 ,! fruit soils ( ?is di/rict are cov]$ ei!r ) op5 =e/--! trees be+ ( comp>atively small size--or ) a scrubby und]gr[? ?r\gh :i* a few l>g] trees are scatt]$4 ,ne>ly all ! timb] ( ?is di/rict is extremely h>d1 is m or less /unt$1 & burns readily1 h5ce cle>+ is n a v exp5sive item4 ,hav+ n[ giv5 a v brief description ( our climate & ! fruit-soils 9 our pr9cipal fruit-produc+ c5tres1 we w next consid] ! culture ( ^? fruits :i* are gr[n 9 comm]cial quantities 9 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 z well z t ( a few less well-kn[n fruits :i* %[ especial promise4 ,we w fir/ deal ) our tropical fruits1 ( :i* ! fir/ to be consid]$ is ! banana1 z its production greatly exce$s t ( any o!r tropical fruit1 &1 z f> z ,au/ralia is conc]n$1 ?is is ! only ,/ate 9 :i* x is gr[n 9 comm]cial quantities4 ,f tropical fruits we w g on to semi-tropical fruits1 !n to temp]ate fruits & v9es4 ,,! ,,banana4 ,"u ! head+ ( ,banana1 all k9ds ( planta9s w also be includ$1 z !y belong to "o & ! same family4 ,! memb]s ( ?is family ( plants are all tropical1 & produce ! mo/ typical & be/ kn[n tropical fruits4 ,illu/ration3 ,cav5di% ,bananas on scrub l&1 ,bud]im ,m\nta94 ,illu/ration3 ,cav5di% ,bananas at ,woombye on newly cle>$ l&4 ,! rank luxuriance ( ! gr[? ( ?is class ( fruits1 _! h&some foliage1 _! productiv5ess1 _! high economic value z food1 & _! univ]sal di/ribution ?r\gh\t ! tropics1 all comb9e to place !m 9 a premi] position4 ,z a food x is unequall$ among/ fruits1 z no matt] :e!r x is us$ gre5 z a vegetable1 ripe z a fruit1 dri$ & gr\nd into fl\r1 or pres]v$ 9 any o!r way1 x is "o ( ! mo/ :olesome & nutriti\s ( foods = human consumption4 ,x is a /aple article ( diet 9 all tropical c\ntries1 & ! /ems ( sev]al v>ieties make an excell5t food = all k9ds ( /ock4 ,illu/ration3 ,tw5ty-doz5 ,bun*1 ,bud]im ,m\nta94 ,9 ,que5sl&1 ! culture ( bananas is conf9$ to ! fro/less belts ( ! ea/]n seabo>d1 z x is a plant t is extremely susceptible to cold1 & is injur$ by ! lighte/ fro/s4 ,x is gr[n 9 fav\rable locations 9 ! ,s\?1 :]e x produces excell5t fruit1 b its cultivation is mu* great] 9 ! ,nor?1 :]e ! ra9fall is heavi] & ! av]age annual temp]ature great]4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate its cultivation is entirely 9 ! h&s ( :ite gr[]s1 :o h be5 gr[+ x on suitable soil 9 suitable localities = ! pa/ fifty ye>s or ev5 m4 ,i rec5tly saw an old plantation t 0 set out ov] tw5ty ye>s ago1 & ! pres5t plants are /ill /rong & heal?y1 & be>+ good bun*es ( well-fill$ fruit1 s t !re is no "q z to ! suitability ( ! soil or climate4 ,bananas d be/ on ri* scrub l&1 & x is no detrim5t to _! gr[? if x is m or less cov]$ ) /ones z long z !re is suffici5t soil to set ! "y plants4 ,%elt] f heavy or cold w9ds is an advantage1 & ! plants ?rive bett] "u ^! conditions ?an :5 plant$ 9 m expos$ positions4 ,bananas are frequ5tly ! fir/ crop plant$ 9 newly burnt (f scrub l&1 z !y d n require any special prep>ation ( su* l&1 & ! l>ge am\nt ( a% & p>tially burnt & decompos$ vegetable m\ld provide an ample supply ( food = ! plants' use4 ,bananas are rank fe$]s1 s t ?is abundance ( available plant food causes a rapid gr[?1 f9e plants1 & correspond+ly l>ge bun*es ( fruit4 ,?\gh newly burnt (f scrub l& is ! be/ = ?is fruit1 x c be gr[n successfully 9 l& t has be5 "u cultivation = _m ye>s1 provid$ t ! l& is ri* en\gh naturally1 or its f]tility is ma9ta9$ by judici\s gre5 & o!r manur+4 ,9 newly burnt (f scrub l& all t is necess>y is1 to dig holes #ae to #ah in*es 9 diamet]1 & ab\t #b feet deep1 set ! "y plants 9 x1 & p>tly fill 9 ! hole ) good top soil4 ,! "y plant1 :i* consi/s ( a suck] tak5 f an old] plant1 w soon take root & gr[ rapidly "u fav\rable conditions1 produc+ its fir/ bun* 9 f t5 to twelve mon?s aft] plant+4 ,at ! same "t t x is produc+ its fir/ bun* x w s5d up two or m suck]s at ! base ( ! p>5t plant1 & ^! 9 turn w be> fruit1 & s on4 ,aft] be>+1 ! /alk t has produc$ ! bun* ( fruit is cut d[n2 if ?is is n done x w die d[n1 z its "w has be5 complet$1 & o!r suck]s take its place4 ,too _m suck]s %\ld n be all[$ to gr[ or ! plants w become too cr[d$1 & be consequ5tly /unt$ & produce small bun*es4 ,all ! cultivation t is necess>y is ! keep+ d[n ( we$ gr[?1 & ?is1 once ! plants occupy ! :ole ( ! l&1 is n a h>d matt]4 ,a plantation is at its be/ :5 ab\t ?ree ye>s old1 b rema9s pr(itable = six ye>s or long]2 9 fact1 !re are _m plantations /ill be>+ good fruit t h be5 plant$ f twelve to tw5ty ye>s4 ,small-gr[+ or dw>f k9ds1 su* z ! ,cav5di% v>iety1 are plant$ at f #ab to #af feet ap>t ea* way1 b l>ge-gr[+ bananas1 su* z ! ,sug> & ,lady's ,f+]1 require f #bj to #be feet ap>t ea* way1 z d ! /rong]-gr[+ v>ieties ( planta94 ,planta9s are n gr[n to any ext5t 9 ,que5sl&1 & our pr9cipal v>ieties are ^? already m5tion$1 ! ,cav5di% v>iety greatly pr$om9at+4 ,9 ! ,nor?1 ! cultivation ( ?is latt] v>iety is c>ri$ out on an ext5sive scale1 pr9cipally by ,*9ese g>d5]s1 :o s5d ! bulk ( _! produce to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ! ,commonweal?4 ,! indu/ry supports a l>ge numb] ( p]sons o!r ?an ! actual produc]s ( ! fruit1 & =ms "o ( our pr9cipal articles ( export f ! ,nor?4 ,z _m z #bj1jjj or m l>ge bun*es ( bananas frequ5tly leave by a s+le /eam] = ! ,s\?1 & ! br++ ( ?is quantity to ! port ( %ipm5t gives employm5t to a numb] ( m5 on tram l9es & small coa/al /eam]s4 ,! %ipm5t ( a heavy c>go ( bananas pres5ts a v busy sc5e t is n soon =gott51 ! ?\s&s ( bun*es ( fruit t are ei!r pil$ up on ! :>f or t are be+ unload$ f railway trucks1 small /eam]s or sometimes ,*9ese junks1 =m+ su* a mass ( fruit t "o (t5 wond]s h[ x is possible to consume x all be=e x becomes ov]-ripe4 ,/ill1 x is consum$1 or1 at any rate1 ! great] portion ( x is1 z x is ! univ]sal fruit ( ! less weal?y portion ( ! community1 ! price at :i* x c be sold be+ s l[ t x is )9 ! rea* ( ev]yone4 ,a banana g>d5 9 full be>+ is a v pretty sight1 ! ?\s&s ( plants1 ea* ) _! "o or m bun*es ( fruit1 z1 :]e !re are sev]al /ems x is n at all uncommon to f9d two or m bun*es ( fruit 9 diff]5t /ates ( developm5t on ! same plant1 =m+ a mass ( vegetation t mu/ be se5 to be appreciat$4 ,?is is ! case ev5 ) dw>f-gr[+ k9ds1 b ) /rong-gr[+ v>ieties1 su* z ! ,lady's ,f+]1 ! gr[? is s excessive t ! wond] is1 h[ ! soil c support x4 ,illu/ration3 ,bananas = %ipm5t at ,innisfail4 ,bananas d rem>kably well 9 ,que5sl&1 & !re is practically an unlimit$ area ( c\ntry suitable = _! culture1 mu* ( :i* is at pres5t 9 a /ate ( ,nature4 ,only ! m easily accessible l&s h be5 work$ & ( ^! only ! ri*e/4 ,manur+ is unkn[n 9 mo/ p>ts1 & z soon z ! plantation %[s signs ( det]ioration x is ab&on$1 & a fre% "o plant$ out 9 new l&1 ! l& previ\sly "u crop ) bananas be+ ei!r plant$ 9 sug>-cane or all[$ to run to grass4 ,?is is c]ta9ly a v wa/eful me?od ( utilis+ our l&1 & ! "t w come1 soon] or lat]1 :5 great] c>e w h to be giv5 to x1 & t once l& has become impov]i%$ by banana culture1 x w h to be put "u a suitable rotation ( crops1 s z to fit x = be+ aga9 plant$ to bananas4 ,! tr\ble is1 z ,i h already /at$1 we h too mu* l& & too few p to "w x1 h5ce1 s f>1 we are unable to use x to any?+ l ! be/ advantage4 ,dur+ ! ye> #aijd ! production ( bananas 9 ,que5sl& 0 "s #b1jjj1jjj bun*es1 & :5 x is consid]$ t ea* bun* w av]age ab\t #ab doz5 fruit1 x w be se5 t already we are produc+ a v l>ge quantity4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 pl5ty ( room = ext5sion1 & any quantity ( available c\ntry1 b be=e ?is ext5sion c be pr(itable1 /eps w h to be tak5 to utilise ! fruit 9 a mann] o!r ?an its consumption z fre% fruit1 & ?is 9 itself w mean ! op5+ up ( new indu/ries & ! employm5t ( a consid]able am\nt ( lab\r4 ,i h m5tion$ #ab doz5 z be+ ! av]age quantity ( fruit p] bun*1 b x is frequ5tly mu* m ?an ?is1 & ,i h (t5 se5 bun*es ( #be to #cj doz5 f9e fruit gr[n on /rong "y plants on ri* new l&4 ,al?\gh ! indu/ry 9 ! ,nor? is n[ almo/ entirely 9 ! h&s ( ,*9ese g>d5]s1 !re is no reason :atev] :y x %\ld n be run by :ite gr[]s1 z is done 9 ! ,s\?1 & !re is no "q t our :ite-gr[n bananas 9 ! ,s\? comp>e m ?an fav\rably ) ! ,nor!rn ,*9ese-gr[n article1 despite ! fact t ! latt] has e advantage 9 climate & an abundance ( virg9 soil4 ,mo/ ( ! photos ( bananas are1 ,i am sorry to say1 n by any means typical ( ?is indu/ry1 z !y h be5 tak5 dur+ ! (f-season1 :5 ! plants look ragg$ & are %[+ little new gr[?1 & ! bun*es also are mu* small] ?an usual4 ,/ill1 ,i hope t ! illu/rations w give "s idea ( ! gr[+ & h&l+ ( ?is crop1 & w %[ :at a banana plant & its bun* are l4 ,,! ,,p9eapple4 ,if !re is "o fruit t ,que5sl& c gr[ to p]fection1 x is und\bt$ly ! p9eapple4 ,?is is n m]ely my own p]sonal op9ion1 b is ! univ]sal admission ( all :o are qualifi$ to judge4 ,on _m occasions ,i h tak5 m5 ?or\ghly conv]sant ) p9eapple-gr[+1 & :o knew :at a good fruit really is1 ?r\gh "s ( our plantations1 :]e ,i h giv5 !m fruit to te/1 &1 )\t exception1 !y h _h no hesitation 9 say+ t !y h nev] ta/$ bett] fruit4 ,our fruit has a firmness1 fre$om f fibre1 & a flav\r t is h>d to beat4 ,x is an excell5t cann+ fruit1 sup]ior 9 ?is respect to ! ,s+apore article1 :i* x surpasses 9 flav\r4 ,?is is admitt$ by ,engli% & ,european buy]s1 & its sup]iority is b\nd ev5tually to result 9 a great increase 9 cann+ & ! e/abli%m5t ( l>ge works run on ?or\ghly up-to-date l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,pick+ ,p9es = m>ket--,woombye ,di/rict4 ,illu/ration3 ,p9eapple ,plantation--%[+ plants ( diff]5t ages--,woombye1 ,nor? ,coa/ ,l9e4 ,l ! banana1 ! p9eapple is a tropical fruit1 & is v s5sitive to cold1 h5ce its culture is conf9$ to fro/less di/ricts4 ,x is gr[n all along our ea/]n seabo>d1 :]e1 :5 plant$ 9 suitable soils & "u suitable conditions1 x is1 und\bt$ly1 our h>die/ fruit1 & is practically immune f any s]i\s disease4 ,its culture is entirely 9 ! op51 no %elt] :atev] be+ giv51 s t we are n put to ! great exp5se t gr[]s ( ?is fruit 9 ,florida & "s o!r p9eapple-produc+ c\ntries mu/ incur if !y wi% to secure a crop4 ,"h we h no sev]e freeze-outs1 &1 ?\gh dry spells ret>d ! gr[? at times1 we h nev] suff]$ any s]i\s injury f ?is cause4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate1 ! coolness ( ! w9t] ret>ds gr[? some:at1 & occasionally ! tops ( ! leaves & "y fruit are slightly injur$1 p>ticul>ly 9 l[-ly+ l&1 or :]e ! plants are gr[+ on l& hav+ a cold subsoil4 ,:5 gr[n "u m fav\rable conditions1 h[ev]1 !y su/a9 no injury1 & produce fruit1 m or less1 all ! ye> r\nd4 ,p9es are always 9 season1 ?\gh !re are times :5 !y are comp>atively sc>ce4 ,!re are usually two ma9 crops a ye>--viz41 a summ] & a w9t] crop4 ,! =m] is ! heavi] ( ! two1 & ! fruit is decid$ly ! be/1 z its sug> cont5ts are mu* high]4 ,! ma9 summ] crop rip5s 9 ! ,nor? f ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb]1 & 9 ! ,s\? f ,janu>y to z late z ,m>* 9 "s seasons4 ,! ma9 w9t] crop is usually at its be/ 9 ,july & ,augu/1 b !re is always m or less fruit dur+ ! o!r mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,! p9eapple likes a w>m1 free1 well-dra9$ soil1 t is free f fro/ 9 w9t]1 & t w n become s\r$ by heavy ra9 dur+ summ]4 ,s&y loams are1 !re=e1 our be/ p9eapple soils1 ?\gh x does well on free loams ( basaltic or alluvial orig94 ,unlike ! banana1 ! p9eapple does n d too well 9 newly burnt (f scrub l&1 ow+ to ! difficulty 9 work+ ! gr\nd & keep+ x clean4 ,x requires a ?or\gh prep>ation ( ! soil prior to plant+ 9 ord] to be gr[n to p]fection4 ,9 ! case ( new l& ( suitable texture1 ! timb] %\ld all be burnt (f1 & all /umps & roots tak5 out ( ! soil1 :i* %\ld !n be c>efully brok5 up & r$uc$ to a f9e til?1 all we$ or grass gr[? be+ de/roy$4 ,x %\ld !n be aga9 pl\gh$1 &1 if possible1 subsoil$1 s z to p]mit ( ! roots p5etrat+ ! gr\nd to a fair dep? in/ead ( _! m]ely dep5d+ on ! few top in*es ( surface soil4 ,c>eful prep>ation ( ! l& & deep /irr+ prior to plant+ w be f\nd to pay well1 & turn out f> ! *eape/ 9 ! end4 ,giv5 suitable soil1 well prep>$1 ! gr[+ ( p9eapples is n at all difficult1 z ! plants soon take root1 & once !y became e/abli%$1 !y prove !mselves to be extremely h>dy4 ,p9es w gr[ & ?rive on comp>atively poor soil1 provid$ x is ( suitable texture1 b 9 su* soils x is necess>y to supplem5t ! plant food 9 ! soil by ! addition ( manures1 if l>ge fruit & heavy crops are to be obta9$4 ,p9eapples are propagat$ by means ( suck]s com+ f ! base ( fruit-be>+ plants1 or f small] suck]s1 or1 z !y are t]m$1 robb]s or gill spr\ts t />t f ! fruit+ /em j at ! base ( ! fruit4 ,!y are also sometimes propagat$ by means ( ! cr[n1 b ?is me?od is usually consid]$ too sl[4 ,well-develop$ suck]s are usually pref]r$1 z ^! come into be>+ e>lie/1 b equally good1 if n bett]1 returns are obta9$ by plant+ gill spr\ts4 ,! latt] h ! advantage 9 t !y always develop a good root sy/em be=e %[+ signs ( fruit1 h5ce _! fir/ crop is always a good "o1 & ! fruit is ( ! be/1 :]eas suck]s sometimes />t fl[]+ z soon z !y are plant$1 be=e !y are prop]ly e/abli%$1 ) ! result t ! fir/ fruit is small & inf]ior1 & ! plants h to ?r[ out fre% suck]s be=e a good crop is produc$4 ,gill spr\ts are sl[] 9 com+ into be>+ ?an suck]s1 b ! results are usually m satisfactory4 ,l ! banana1 once a p9eapple plant has borne fruit ! fruit+ /alk dies d[n1 & its place is tak5 by "o or m suck]s1 :i* 9 _! turn be> fruit & die4 ,p9eapples are plant$ 9 ,que5sl& 9 sev]al ways1 b by f> ! mo/ common me?od is to set ! suck]s out 9 s+le or d\ble r[s1 f #h to #i feet ap>t1 ) ! plants at f #a to #b feet ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! r[s soon increase 9 wid? by ! gr[? ( suck]s1 & ! ?r[+ up ( ratoons--surface roots ?r[n (f f ! orig9al plant1 :i* s5d up plants f bel[ ! gr\nd z di/9ct f suck]s1 :i* come f ! base or ev5 high] up ! /em ( a fruit+ plant4 ,x is n at all an uncommon ?+ to see ! r[s gr[n toge!r1 s t ! plantation appe>s to be a solid mass ( plants1 b pa?ways h to be kept betwe5 ! r[s to p]mit ( ga!r+ ! fruit1 manur+1 c4 ,p9eapples h be5 gr[n 9 ! ,brisbane di/rict = ! pa/ sixty ye>s1 & ,i h be5 %[n b$s ( plants t h n be5 replant$ = ov] =ty ye>s t are /ill produc+ good fruit4 ,?is %[s h[ well at home ?is fruit is ) u2 b1 9 my op9ion1 x is n desirable to keep ! plants s long 9 ! same gr\nd1 z ! f9e/ fruit is always obta9$ f comp>atively "y plantations1 ! old] ones produc+ too l>ge a proportion ( small fruit4 ,f ! ,brisbane di/rict ?is fruit has spread all ov] ! ea/]n coa/1 & its production is increas+ rapidly 9 sev]al di/ricts4 ,once ! p9e is plant$1 its cultivation is comp>atively simple4 ,if 9 s+le or d\ble r[s1 all we$ gr[? is kept d[n betwe5 ! plants1 & ! gr\nd betwe5 ! r[s is kept 9 a /ate ( good cultivation by means ( pl\gh+ or cultivat+1 ! soil be+ work$ t[>ds ! r[s s z to enc\rage ! =mation ( suck]s l[ d[n on ! fruit+ plants4 ,manure is giv5 :5 necess>y1 ! manure be+ work$ 9 on ei!r side ( ! r[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,smoo?-leav$ ,cay5ne ,p9es 9 fruit1 plant$ #ae mon?s1 ,woombye ,di/rict4 ,! p9eapple comes into be>+ e>ly1 &1 except :]e suck]s ?r[ fruit z soon z plant$1 be> _! fir/ crop 9 f twelve to tw5ty mon?s1 accord+ to ! type ( suck]s plant$ & ! "t ( ye> at :i* !y are set4 ,practically e suck] w produce a fruit at ! fir/ fruit+1 & ^! w be foll[$ by succe$+ crops1 borne on ! successive crops ( suck]s1 s t :5 ! :ole ( ! gr\nd is occupi$ by plants1 ! returns are v heavy4 ,"o ?\s& doz5 m>ketable fruits is by no means an unusual crop = ,que5 p9es 9 a plantation 9 full be>+1 &1 tak+ ^! at an av]age ( #b-a_/b lb4 ea*1 y get a return ( #cj1jjj lb41 or #ae tons ,am]ican p] acre4 ,! illu/rations h]e) give a good g5]al idea ( ! usual me?od ( gr[+ p9es1 & ! me?od ( h&l+ & m>ket+1 z well z ( ! nature ( ! c\ntry on :i* !y are gr[n4 ,! illu/rations are mo/ly ( smoo?-leav$ p9es1 :i* be> a fruit av]ag+ f #f to #h lb4 ea*1 b occasionally runn+ up to z mu* z #ad to #af lb41 ?\gh ! latt] is an extreme weight4 ,! s+le p9e %[n is j "u #ab lb4 ,sev]al k9ds ( p9es are gr[n1 :i* are g5]ally classifi$ into r\ghs & smoo?s4 ,! r\gh1 or r\gh-leav$ p9es1 su* z ! ,common ,que5 & ,ripley ,que51 & local se$l+s rais$ f !m1 are v prolific1 & ?\gh n equal 9 size & appe>ance to ! smoo?-leav$ ,cay5ne1 our pr9cipal smoo?-leav$ k9d1 are usually consid]$ to be ( sup]ior flav\r1 & to be bett] = cann+ or pres]v+4 ,r\gh p9es run up to z mu* z #f lb4 weight ea*1 b ?is is uncommon1 ! be/ av]age ,i h met ) be+ ab\t #d lb4 p] p9e1 & !y 7 exceptionally good4 ,! price at :i* ?is fruit sells "h seems absurd to ^? liv+ 9 cold c\ntries1 :o are accu/om$ to look ^u x z a luxury only f\nd on ! tables ( ! weal?y1 z good r\gh-leav$ p9es are wor? ab\t #as4 p] doz5 dur+ ! summ] season1 & smoo?-leav$ p9es f #as4 #f;d4 to #bs4 #f;d4 a doz54 ,prices are c]ta9ly high] dur+ ! (f-season1 b gr[]s w\ld be well satisfi$ to get #as4 p] doz5 = r\gh p9es all ! ye> r\nd4 ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ t p9es c be gr[n at a pr(it at f ,l#c to ,l#d p] ton1 s t ! co/ ( gr[+ is s l[ t !re is no?+ to prev5t u f cann+ ! fruit & sell+ x at a price t w defy competition4 ,illu/ration3 ,p9eapple ,plantation--,p9es pack$ = m>ket1 & %[+ fruit-gr[]'s home1 ,woombye ,di/rict4 ,p9eapple-gr[+ has be5 a v pr(itable indu/ry1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! old] plantations ( ! ,brisbane di/rict1 & /ill cont9ues to be s 9 _m places despite ! fact t prices are mu* l[] n[ ?an !y 7 "s ye>s s9ce4 ,! plantations f :i* ! illu/rations are tak5 are comp>atively new ones1 ! l& hav+ be5 9 its virg9 /ate f six to eight ye>s ago1 &1 z %[n1 "s is only n[ be+ cle>$4 ,! own]s ( ! plantations />t$ )\t capital1 &1 by d9t ( h>d "w & p]sev]ance1 are n[ reap+ an excell5t return ( "s ,l#ej p] acre net pr(it4 ,?is is by no means an isolat$ example1 b is "o t is typical ( :at c be done1 & has !re=e be5 *os54 ,!re is a great op5+ = ! culture ( ?is fruit 9 ,que5sl&1 & its cultivation is capable ( be+ ext5d$ to a practically unlimit$ ext5t4 ,we h a l>ge am\nt ( l& suitable = ! gr[? ( ?is fruit t is available 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 mu* ( x at v reasonable rates1 s t !re is no difficulty 9 ?is direction = anyone wi%+ to make a />t4 ,x is an indu/ry f :i* returns are quickly obta9$1 & is a bran* ( fruit-gr[+ t holds out /rong inducem5ts & e prospect ( success to int5d+ gr[]s4 ,at pres5t our production is ab\t suffici5t = our pres5tly exi/+ m>kets1 b !re is no?+ to prev5t ^! m>kets be+ widely ext5d$4 ,our pres5t means ( utilis+ our surplus fruits1 by cann+ or o!rwise pres]v+ same1 are by no means z complete or up to date z !y %\ld be1 & be=e !y c become s1 x is necess>y to greatly increase our output4 ,small works co/ too mu* to run z comp>$ ) l>ge cann+ e/abli%m5ts1 h5ce we are n yet 9 a position to make ! mo/ ( our fruit4 ,) increas$ production we w h an increase 9 ! facilities = utilis+ ! fruit4 ,?is requires lab\r1 & !re is "r "h an op5+ = _m indu/ri\s work]s1 a bus9ess t ,i h no d\bt w pay f ! />t1 a bus9ess ( :i* we h ! ,au/ralian monopoly1 & 9 :i* !re is no reason t ,i c see 9 :i* we %\ld n compete satisfactorily 9 ! m>kets ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,p9eapple ,plantation--,%[+ me?od ( gr[+ ! fruit1 ,woombye ,di/rict4 ,que5sl& possesses _m advantages respect+ ! gr[? ( ?is fruit z comp>$ ) o!r c\ntries 9 :i* x is gr[n comm]cially1 :i* may be briefly enum]at$ z foll[s3-- #a/4--,fre$om f loss by freeze-outs2 #bnd4--,! ease ) :i* ! fruit c be gr[n1 & its fre$om f disease2 #crd4--,! l>ge area ( l& suitable to its culture1 & ! l[ price at :i* suitable l& c be obta9$2 #d?4--,! f9e quality ( ! fruit2 #e?4--,! sup]iority ( our fruit = cann+ purposes2 #f?4--,! l[ price at :i* x c be produc$1 & ! heavy crops t c be gr[n4 ,^! are en\gh reasons to %[ t 9 ! p9eapple we h a fruit well suit$ to our soil & climate1 a fruit 9 ! cultivation ( :i* !re is room = great ext5sion1 & :i* w provide a liv+ = _m indu/ri\s settl]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,r\gh-leav$ ,p9es1 ,r$l& ,bay ,di/rict4 ,illu/ration3 ,p9eapple ,plantation--,on virg9 soil1 %[+ scrub l& at back be+ cle>$ = fruit gr[+1 ,woombye ,di/rict4 ,,! ,,mango4 ,?is magnific5t fruit1 :i* is practically unkn[n outside ( ! tropics1 has become z h>dy z a =e/ tree ?r\gh\t our ea/]n seabo>d1 :]ev] x is plant$ out ( fro/4 ,x has be5 nam$1 & well nam$ too1 ! apple ( ,que5sl&1 z x /&s z mu* neglect1 & c be gr[n ) z little c>e & att5tion z1 or ev5 less1 ?an t giv5 to ! apple-trees 9 _m ( ! ,som]set or ,devon%ire or*>ds4 ,x w n1 h[ev]1 /& fro/4 ,dr\ghts & floods h little effect on x2 x w gr[ 9 any soil1 f a s& to a heavy loam1 among/ rocks1 or on a gravelly or %aley l&4 ,naturally1 x does be/ 9 good l&1 b !re are hundr$s ( cases :]e trees are do+ well & be>+ heavily on l& t is by no means fruit l&4 ,! mango is "o ( our h&some/ fruit trees2 ! symmetry ( its gr[?1 its l>ge glossy leaves1 ! delicate col\r+ ( its "y gr[?1 :i* is ( diff]5t %ades 9 diff]5t v>ieties1 ! abundance ( fruit t x produces1 v>y+ 9 col\r f dull-gre5 to yell[1 r$1 or ev5 purpli% t9ts1 all r5d] x conspicu\s4 ,z well z be+ "o ( our h&some/1 x is also "o ( our mo/ widely di/ribut$ fruits1 be+ f\nd gr[+ luxuriantly ! :ole l5g? ( our ea/]n seabo>d4 ,a few trees are also to be met ) inl& 9 di/ricts t are free f fro/s1 s t x /&s bo? ! dry heat ( ! int]ior & ! humid heat ( ! coa/4 ,z a tropical fruit x naturally rea*es its greate/ p]fection "u our mo/ tropical conditions1 ! trees !re gr[+ practically wild1 requir+ little if any att5tion1 mak+ a rapid gr[?1 com+ into be>+ e>ly1 & produc+ heavy crops ( fruit4 ,fur!r s\? ! gr[? is some:at sl[]1 ?\gh ! trees gr[ to a l>ge size & be> heavily4 ,x is "o ( ! easie/ ( trees to gr[1 z x is readily propagat$ by means ( se$4 ,9 _m plantations ?\s&s ( "y se$l+s may (t5 be se5 gr[+ "u ! old trees1 ! se$s hav+ tak5 root )\t ev5 hav+ be5 plant$4 ,9 mo/ cases x is propagat$ f se$1 ! /ones ( fruit %[+ especial m]it be+ plant$ ei!r 9 a nurs]y1 or1 bett]1 /ill1 :]e ! tree is to rema9 p]man5tly1 z x usually does bett] :5 s plant$ ?an :5 gr[n 9 a nurs]y & !nce transplant$ to its p]man5t location4 ,! l& %\ld be well work$ prior to plant+1 & ! "y trees require to be kept free f we$s & und]gr[? till su* "t z !y occupy ! :ole ( ! gr\nd1 :5 !y are able to look aft] !mselves1 & require no fur!r att5tion1 at any rate 9 ! w>m] p>ts4 ,x is n at all uncommon to come across a mango-tree1 9 full be>+1 9 vigor\s heal?1 t is gr[+ wild1 ! result ( a /one t has be5 ?r[n away by someone :o has eat5 ! fruit4 ,! "y tree has n only be5 able to hold its own aga9/ all k9ds ( indig5\s gr[?s1 b has develop$ into a vigor\s1 heal?y tree1 ?us %[+ t x is p]fectly at home1 & t ! soil & climate ( ,que5sl& suit x to p]fection4 ,! fact t by f> ! great] portion ( our mango-trees h be5 gr[n f se$ has result$ 9 ! production ( innum]able v>ieties1 _m ( :i* are ( decid$ly inf]ior quality1 z "o nev] kn[s :5 plant+ ! se$ :at ! resultant fruit is go+ to be l4 ,"o is m likely to get good fruit by plant+ ! se$s f select$ fruit ( ! highe/ quality1 b is by no means c]ta9 to d s1 z a numb] ( se$s always rev]t to inf]ior types4 ,?is has _h a bad effect on our mango indu/ry1 & has be5 apt to give ! fruit z a class a bad "n1 s mu* s t we f9d x difficult to get our ,s\!rn neighb\rs to take to x at all readily4 ,i c q und]/& anyone1 ^: fir/ exp]i5ce ( a mango is t ( an inf]ior fruit1 full ( fibre1 & hav+ a di/9ctly disagreeable flav\r1 condemn+ ! p>ticul> fruit1 b because !re are inf]ior fruits "o %\ld n condemn ! :ole )\t kn[+ :at a really good mango is l4 ,illu/ration3 ,mango ,trees1 ,port ,d\glas4 ,we h _m good mangoes 9 ,que5sl&1 b only a few t are really fir/-class1 & ( ! latt] ,i h yet to meet ! man or woman1 :o is a fruit-eat]1 :o does n appreciate _! exquisite flav\r1 & :o does n consid] !m wor?y to rank ) any ( ! f9e/ fruits4 ,by _m a really f9e mango is consid]$ to be ! k+ ( fruits1 & ,i am n at all c]ta9 t !y are n "r1 b1 at ! same "t1 a really bad mango is indescribably bad4 ,! mango gr[s to a l>ge size "h1 ev5 :5 comp>atively "y4 ,i "k trees ov] #ej feet 9 height1 hav+ a spread ( ! bran*es ( m ?an #fj feet1 a ma9 trunk ne>ly #c feet 9 diamet]1 t are "u ?irty ye>s old1 & t h borne f #a to #b tons ( fruit = a s+le crop4 ,hundr$s ( tons ( fruit g to wa/e annually = want ( a m>ket1 or are consum$ by f>m animals1 z ! consumption ( ! fruit is practically conf9$ to ?is ,/ate1 & ! production is great] ?an we c consume1 despite ! fact t mangoes are 9 season f ! end ( ,septemb] to ,m>*1 & t !y are a fav\rite fruit ) all :o h acquir$ a lik+ = !m4 ,9 addition to ! consumption ( ! fruit 9 its fre% /ate1 a quantity is conv]t$ into *utney1 b ?is is s small t x has no appreciable effect on ! crop z a :ole4 ,! unripe fruit makes an excell5t sub/itute = apples1 & is us$ /ew$ or = pies or t>ts1 & :5 slic$ & dri$ x may be /or$ & us$ 9 a simil> mann] to dri$ apples4 ,illu/ration3 ,mango ,tree ne> ,brisbane4 ,9 addition to its value z a fruit1 ! mango =ms a h&some ornam5tal tree1 & "o t provides a good %ade = /ock4 ,x is v free f disease1 z ) ! exception ( "o or two species ( scale insects1 :i* d n cause any v s]i\s damage1 x has few s]i\s pe/s4 ,x is a fruit t is b\nd soon] or lat] to come into m g5]al fav\r1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! qualities ( ! f9] v>ieties are bett] kn[n4 ,until q rec5tly x 0 consid]$ to be "o ( ! mo/ difficult trees to propagate by means ( graft+ or budd+1 h5ce its propagation has be5 practically conf9$ to rais+ x f se$1 b n[ we h f\nd out h[ to "w x by means ( plate-budd+1 & are able to p]petuate our be/ sorts true to k9d4 ,?is is sure to lead to a g5]al improvem5t ( our exi/+ v>ieties1 z old trees c be work$ ov] by ?is means1 or "y trees ( approv$ k9ds c be gr[n 9 a nurs]y & di/ribut$4 ,! fruit is v :olesome1 is mu* appreciat$ by all :o h acquir$ a ta/e = x1 c be us$ fre% or dry1 ripe or unripe1 & cans well4 ,x is a great addition to our li/ ( purely tropical fruits1 & f9ds a place 9 all or*>ds or g>d5s :]e x is capable ( be+ gr[n4 ,,! ,,mango/e54 ,_m attempts h be5 made dur+ pa/ ye>s to introduce ?is delici\s fruit into ,que5sl&1 b ^! always result$ 9 failure4 ,true1 a c]ta9 v>iety ( mango/e5 has be5 successfully gr[n at ,port ,d\glas1 also on ! ,l[] ,burdek91 & rum\rs ( ! exi/5ce ( ! true ,java mango/e5 7,g>c9ia mango/ana7 h be5 receiv$1 b1 9 ne>ly e case1 !y h1 on inve/igation1 prov$ to be ,g>c9ia xan?o*ymus1 or "s o!r species4 ,at ! ,kam]unga ,/ate ,nurs]y1 h[ev]1 trees ( und\bt$ p>5tage 7 successfully rais$4 ,x is said t a ?riv+ "y plant1 :i* is unque/ionably ,g4 mango/ana1 is own$ by ,mr4 ,banfield1 ( ,dunk ,isl&4 ,! records ( ! ,kam]unga ,nurs]y %[ t 9 ,octob]1 #ahia1 a quantity--ab\t #ajj--( ripe mango/e5 fruit 0 receiv$ f ! ,batavian ag5cy by ! !n manag]1 ,mr4 ,eb5ez] ,c[ley1 f :i* "s #fjj se$s 7 obta9$4 ,( ^!1 only a few g]m9at$4 ,! next m5tion is ( ! di/ribution1 9 ,febru>y1 #ahib1 ( six plants to an applicant on ! ,mossman1 & ( two m 9 ,may ( t ye>4 ,s9ce !n sev]al "y trees h be5 rais$ at ! nurs]y1 & "o ( !m1 9 ,janu>y1 #aiac1 fruit$ = ! fir/ "t = tw5ty-two ye>s1 & is ! fir/ to h done s 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,"s ( ! fruit 0 s5t to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture & ,/ock1 & prov$ to be fully equal to ^? ( ,java4 ,a full hi/ory ( ! mango/e5 & ( its introduction into ,que5sl& is giv5 9 ,! ,que5sl& ,agricultural ,j\rnal 7vol4 xxx41 ,june & ,july1 #aiac74 ,! photographs 7 tak5 f ! orig9al fruit4 ,illu/ration3 ,fruit ( ,mango/e54 ,,! ,,papaw4 ,cont9u+ our li/ ( tropical fruits1 we n[ come to ! papaw1 "o ( our mo/ :olesome & useful fruits4 ,x is gr[n all along our ea/]n seabo>d 9 situations t are free f fro/4 ,x comes into be>+ e>ly1 & is a heavy cropp]4 ,l ! o!r tropical fruits already describ$1 x does be/ 9 our w>m] p>ts1 com+ to maturity e>li]1 & produc+ bett] fruit4 ,9 _m ( ! ,nor!rn coa/al scrubs x is (t5 met ) gr[+ wild1 & produc+ fruit 9 abundance1 ! se$s f :i* ! trees h be5 produc$ hav+ be5 dropp$ by birds or di/ribut$ by o!r natural ag5cies4 ,! papaw fruit resembles a rock melon some:at 9 %ape & flav\r1 ! fruit be+ produc$ 9 ! axil ( ! leaves all along ! ma9 /em1 :]e !y are clu/]$ ?ickly toge!r4 ,! tree does be/ on well-dra9$ soils1 & is v s5sitive to ! pres5ce ( clay or /agnant wat] at ! roots1 h5ce x usually does be/ on scrub l& or l& well suppli$ ) humus4 ,x is propagat$ entirely f se$1 :i* gr[s readily 9 su* soils1 & "u fav\rable conditions w be> its fir/ fruit :5 ab\t t5 to twelve mon?s old1 & cont9ue to be> = ?ree or f\r ye>s or ev5 long]4 ,:5 ! trees becomes old1 h[ev]1 ! fruit decreases 9 size & det]iorates 9 quality1 s t x is necess>y to plant a numb] ye>ly 9 ord] to keep up a regul> supply4 ,x is a v h&some tree1 ) l>ge spread+ leaves on long /ems1 b5ea? :i* is its clu/] ( fruit--z _m z #ajj fruits be+ sometimes f\nd 9 diff]5t /ages ( developm5t on ! "o plant4 ,! fruit ranges 9 size f #b lb4 to "s #f lb4 9 weight1 & :5 ripe x is ( a gre5i%-yell[ or sometimes orange col\r4 ,! fle% is yell[1 & :5 q ripe x is mod]ately juicy1 & ( a flav\r t x n always appreciat$ at fir/1 b :i* "o soon becomes v p>tial to4 ,x m ne>ly resembles ! flav\r ( a rock melon ?an t ( any o!r fruit1 & ! se$s1 :i* are f\nd clu/]$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! fruit1 h a flav\r t closely resembles t ( se$s ( ! na/urtium4 ,bo? ! se$s & ! fruit conta9 an active pr9ciple call$ papa91 :i* is really a vegetable peps91 t has ! effect ( greatly assi/+ 9 ! assimilation ( all food ) :i* x is eat51 h5ce x is a valuable rem$y 9 ! case ( dyspepsia1 & p]sons :o take ! fruit regul>ly are nev] subject to ?is exce$+ly tr\blesome disease4 ,! fruit c be us$ bo? z a vegetable & z a fruit1 ! =m] 9 its gre5 /ate1 :5 x is boil$ & s]v$ ) melt$ butt]1 resembles a vegetable m>r[ or squa%1 b is sup]ior to ei!r ( ^! vegetables4 ,z a fruit x is ei!r us$ by itself1 or 9 conjunction ) o!r fruits x =ms ! basis ( a fruit salad4 ,x is l>gely us$ 9 ! ,nor?1 & its cultivation is /eadily spread+ ,s\?1 z its valuable prop]ties are becom+ bett] kn[n4 ,its cultivation is v simple4 ,! se$s are ei!r plant$ :]e ! tree is to rema91 or are rais$ 9 a b$ & transplant$ to _! p]man5t position 9 ! or*>d :5 /rong en\gh to /& %ift+1 c>e be+ tak5 to select a dull moi/ day4 ,! "y plants are protect$ f ! sun = a few days till !y h become e/abli%$1 aft] :i* all t is necess>y is to keep d[n we$s & to "w ! soil r\nd !m1 tak+ c>e n to injure ! roots4 ,a good mul* ( decompos$ vegetable matt] r\nd ! plants is an advantage1 b !y are usually s easily gr[n t little extra c>e is giv5 to !m4 ,! papaw be>s male & female fl[]s1 :i* may be on ! same trees1 b are usually on diff]5t trees1 s t x is usual to speak ( male & female trees4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 a mi/ake1 z accord+ to ,bailey ! plant is polygam\s--t is to say1 male1 female1 or h]maphrodite fl[]s may be f\nd on ! same or on di/9ct plants4 ,! male fl[]s are usually on long scantily-bran*$ auxili>y panicles1 :]eas ! female fl[]s are mo/ly 9 ! axils ( ! leaves close to ! /em4 ,! two trees are n di/+ui%able f ea* o!r till !y come into fl[]1 h5ce x is advisable to set ! "y plants fairly close toge!r--say1 #f feet ap>t--& ?9 out ! male trees :5 same c be di/+ui%$ by _! blossoms4 ,besides its use z a fruit & vegetable1 ! papaw makes a fair cons]ve & an excell5t sauce1 & its m$ic9al pr9ciple1 papa91 is an article ( comm]ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,papaw 9 fruit1 ne> ,brisbane4 ,,! ,,cocoa-,,nut4 ,al?\gh ?is palm c be gr[n = ornam5tal purposes z f> s\? z ,brisbane1 its cultivation on comm]cial l9es w be conf9$ to ! coa/ di/rict nor? ( ,t[nsville1 & to ! isl&s (f ! coa/1 z1 9 ord] to develop its fruit to p]fection1 x requires a tropical climate4 ,:]e ! climate is suitable x does well1 x makes a rapid gr[?1 & be>s heavy crops ( nuts4 ,old palms on ! bea* at ,cairns comp>e fav\rably ) any gr[+ 9 ! ,s\? ,seas1 & ,i am ( op9ion t its culture 9 comm]cial quantities on suitable l& w be f\nd pr(itable4 ,! cocoa-nut palm does be/ "r on or adjac5t to ! sea%ore1 9 comp>atively poor s&y soil--soil t is usually ( little value = g5]al crops1 ?\gh x w gr[ mangoes well4 ,s f>1 x is n gr[n 9 any l>ge numb]s1 & al?\gh !re is a ready sale = ! ripe nuts1 !re is no attempt to make copra or to utilise ! coir4 ,copra is ! dri$ fle% ( ! nut1 f :i* oil is extract$1 & is l>gely us$ 9 ! manufacture ( soap1 c&les1 c41 ! refuse left aft] ! oil has be5 extract$ be+ us$ = cattle fe$4 ,coir is ! fibre surr\nd+ ! nut1 & is us$ = ! manufacture ( matt+1 door mats1 c4 ,!re is a consid]able area ( l& suitable to ! culture ( ?is fruit on our ,nor!rn coa/1 :i* is at pres5t ly+ idle1 t1 9 my op9ion1 c be turn$ to a pr(itable use by plant+ x 9 cocoa-nuts z1 9 addition to utilis+ l& o!rwise ( little value1 we w\ld be build+ up a new indu/ry4 ,! trees come into be>+ 9 ab\t eight ye>s aft] plant+ ! se$1 & w cont9ue to produce crops = _m ye>s )\t any att5tion4 ,c>e w h to be giv5 = ! fir/ few ye>s1 :il/ ! plants are small1 to keep d[n und]gr[? & to prev5t fires f runn+ ?r\gh ! plantation1 b1 once fairly e/abli%$1 ! plants w look aft] !mselves4 ,a cocoa-nut plantation gives a di/9ctly tropical look to ! di/rict 9 :i* x is gr[n1 & ! palms1 p>ticul>ly :5 "y1 are v ornam5tal2 :5 old ! long b>e /ems detract some:at f ! beauty ( ! top4 ,x is a palm t ,i believe has a good future be=e x 9 ! ,nor?1 & = t reason ,i h includ$ x among/ our tropical fruits1 ?\gh x is cultivat$ at pres5t m z an ornam5tal plant ?an z an article ( comm]ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,cocoa-nut ,palms1 ,port ,d\glas4 ,,! ,,granadilla4 ,a v9e1 belong+ to ! natural ord] ,passifloreae1 t produces "o ( our mo/ delici\s tropical fruits4 ,! papaw & ! passion fruit belong to ?is same ord]4 ,x c be gr[n all along our ea/]n seabo>d1 b comes to greate/ p]fection 9 ! ,nor?4 ,! fruit is ( a pale gre5i%-yell[ col\r1 cyl9drical 9 %ape1 & v>ies 9 weight f ab\t #a to #e lb41 ! l>ge/ fruits be+ produc$ on a sub-species4 ,! fruit consi/s ( an out] pulpy cov]+1 :i* c be us$ = cook+ if desir$1 :i* surr\nds a cavity fill$ ) se$s :i* are encas$ 9 a jelly-l mass4 ,?is is ! portion eat51 & to use an ,am]icanism1 ,x is n at all h>d to take4 ,x is ei!r eat5 by itself1 or is us$ 9 conjunction ) papaw & o!r fruits to make a fruit salad1 a di% t is fit = ! food ( ! gods1 & once tak5 is nev] =gott54 ,! granadilla is easily gr[n f se$1 & ! plants are tra9$ on an ov]head trellis1 ! fruit hang+ d[n on ! und]side4 ,x is a heavy be>]1 & once plant$ requires little att5tion4 ,x requires a free1 w>m soil1 t is fairly ri*1 to be gr[n to p]fection1 h5ce x is mo/ commonly gr[n on scrub l&4 ,x c1 h[ev]1 be gr[n on any well-prep>$ l& ( a free nature4 ,un=tunately1 x is a difficult fruit to %ip any di/ance1 h5ce its consumption is ma9ly conf9$ to ! di/ricts 9 :i* x is gr[n1 & :]e1 ne$less to say1 x is greatly appreciat$4 ,x is 9 fruit m or less all ! ye> r\nd1 its ma9 crop be+ 9 e>ly spr+ 9 ! ,nor?1 & dur+ ! summ] mon?s fur!r ,s\?4 ,x is sometimes made into jam or jelly1 b :5 pres]v$ loses mu* ( its *>act]i/ic flav\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,granadilla ,v9e at ,kur&a1 ,cairns di/rict4 ,,! ,,passion ,,fruit4 ,?is fruit is v closely relat$ to ! granadilla1 b is mu* h>di] ?an x1 & c be gr[n to p]fection mu* fur!r ,s\?4 ,x is n injur$ by fro/ to any ext5t 9 any "p ( coa/al ,que5sl&1 & c be gr[n a consid]able di/ance inl&4 ,x is m rightly a semi-tropical ?an a tropical fruit1 ?\gh1 z x is s ne>ly relat$ to ! granadilla1 ,i h includ$ x among/ ! tropical fruits4 ,x is also a v9e1 &1 :5 gr[n comm]cially1 is tra9$ along a horizontal trellis1 9 a some:at simil> mann] to a grape v9e4 ,x is readily gr[n f se$1 & w produce fruit 9 less ?an twelve mon?s f ! "t t x is plant$1 & w cont9ue to be> fruit = "s ye>s4 ,x does be/ on a free1 w>m soil ( fair quality1 ?\gh x may be gr[n any:]e ) c>e1 & (t5 ?rives well 9 v poor soils ) ! addition ( manure4 ,x is f\nd gr[+ wild on ! bord]s ( _m ( our scrubs & else:]e1 ! se$s hav+ be5 deposit$ by birds or o!r ag5cies1 & "u su* conditions x produces an abundance ( fruit4 ,! fruit is ( a r\ndi% oval %ape1 & is ( a d>k-purple col\r4 ,x is ab\t ! size ( a l>ge h5's egg1 ! out] sk9 be+ h>d & %ell-l1 & ! c5tre fill$ ) ! se$s1 :i* are surr\nd$ ) a jelly-l mass & a yell[i% pulp4 ,x is a v f9e flav\r$ fruit1 & is univ]sally lik$4 ,x is gr[n 9 consid]able quantities 9 ! ,s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate1 & is "o ( our commone/ fruits4 ,x has usually two crops a ye>--a summ] & a w9t] crop--b c be got to produce its fruit at any p>ticul> "t t is desir$ by sy/ematic prun+ at diff]5t times ( ! ye>4 ,x is (t5 gr[n ov] %$s1 dead trees1 fall5 logs1 c41 :i* x cov]s ) a mass ( d5se gre5 foliage1 & conv]ts :at w\ld o!rwise be an unsightly object into an ornam5t4 ,! illu/ration h]e) %[s ?is well1 & gives a good idea ( ! gr[? ( a s+le v9e4 ,comm]cially x is gr[n on trellis1 s t ! l& betwe5 ! r[s c be kept well cultivat$1 & also to p]mit ( ease 9 ! ga!r+ ( ! fruit4 ,:5 ripe1 ! fruit drops1 & ! ga!r+ is usually f ! gr\nd4 ,! fruit c>ries well1 b w n keep = any l5g? ( "t1 z x %rivels up4 ,x is pr9cipally us$ z a fre% fruit1 ?\gh x is also made into jam or jelly1 & x (t5 =ms "p ( a fruit salad1 tak+ ! place ( ! granadilla4 ,x has few pe/s1 & is "o ( ! easie/ fruits to gr[4 ,illu/rations3 ,passion ,fruit1 ,r$l& ,bay--,%[+ me?od ( culture 7#a7 & "p ( a v9e 9 fruit 7#b74 ,,cu/>d ,,apples4 ,"u ?is head+ ,i w include all ! ,anonas1 su* z ! s\r sop1 sweet sop1 bullock's he>t1 & *]imoya4 ,! s\r sop is purely tropical1 & is v s5sitive to fro/1 b ! o!r species are by no means s t5d]1 & c be gr[n any:]e along ! coa/ :]e ! soil is suitable1 z well z at _m inl& places4 ,all ! species produce v f9e fruits1 t v>y some:at 9 %ape1 9 ! r\ghness ( ! sk91 & 9 size4 ,! s\r sop is ! l>ge/1 & atta9s a size ( #f to #h lb4 ,! fruit is cov]$ ) s(t sp9es1 & is ( an irregul> oval1 or ev5 pyri=m1 %ape4 ,x rip5s v soon aft] x is ga!r$1 consequ5tly _c be s5t any di/ance4 ,x is a pleasant fruit ( an aromatic sub-acid flav\r4 ,! pulp surr\nd+ ! se$s is ( a woolly consi/5cy1 & ?is is surr\nd$ by a cu/>d-l mass :i* is mu* appreciat$ by ^? :o h acquir$ a lik+ = x4 ,x is a comp>atively uncommon fruit1 & is conf9$ to ! tropics4 ,! sweet sop is ! commone/ ( ! ,anonas1 & is gr[n ?r\gh\t a consid]able "p ( coa/al ,que5sl&4 ,x is usually ( an irregul> r\ndi% %ape1 v full ( se$s1 :i* are surr\nd$ by a cu/>d-l pulp ( v pleasant flav\r4 ,x is usually a heavy be>]1 & is ! v>iety mo/ commonly met ) 9 our fruit /ores4 ,! tree is h>dy & is easily gr[n4 ,! bullock's he>t is a /rong]-gr[+ v>iety ?an ! previ\s "o1 ! fruit is l>g]1 &1 z its "n implies1 he>t-%ap$4 ,x is also fairly se$y1 ! pulp ( a light-br[n col\r1 & m gritty1 & n1 9 my op9ion1 ( fir/-rate quality4 ,x is mo/ commonly gr[n 9 ! ,nor?1 :]e x is a v h>dy & prolific tree4 ,! *]imoya is ! be/ ( ! cu/>d apples4 ,! tree is a /rong gr[]1 ) l>ge h&some leaves1 b1 z a rule1 x is n a v heavy be>]4 ,!re are _m v>ieties1 ! fruit ( :i* v>ies consid]ably 9 size & %ape1 & ! sk9 is sometimes smoo? & sometimes w>t$1 or ev5 cov]$ ) %ort s(t sp9es4 ,x has usually comp>atively few se$s1 & ^! are surr\nd$ by a ri* cu/>d-l pulp1 :i* 9 ! bett] k9ds is ( v f9e flav\r1 & is g5]ally mu* lik$4 ,! fruit is n a good keep]1 /ill1 giv5 c>eful h&l+ & pack+1 x c be kept = ne>ly a week4 ,all cu/>d apples are easily rais$ f se$1 b ! bett] v>ieties are propagat$ by graft+ /rong se$l+s ) wood tak5 f a tree produc+ fruit ( especial m]it4 ,any good fruit soil w gr[ !m1 & !y d n require any especial treatm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,cu/>d ,apples1 ,brisbane ,di/rict4 ,!re are /ill a l>ge numb] ( tropical fruits t ,i h n m5tion$1 b space w n p]mit ( my giv+ !m m ?an a pass+ notice1 z !y are n ( any great value f a comm]cial /&po9t at pres5t4 ,( ^! fruits ! lit*i1 :ampee1 av]oha1 longan1 vi-apple1 & ,*9ese mango/e5 are practically conf9$ to ! ,nor?4 ,! guava1 ( :i* !re are _m species1 gr[s any:]e2 9 fact1 x is a pe/ 9 _m cases1 tak+ complete possession ( ! l&4 ,x is n cultivat$ to any great ext5t1 z x gr[s s readily )\t1 &1 fur!r1 x h>b\rs sev]al pe/s ^: pres5ce x is desirable to remove f ! or*>d4 ,x is a useful fruit = home consumption1 z x /ews well1 makes an excell5t jam1 & its jelly is "o ( ! be/4 ,! rosella1 a species ( hibiscus1 is an annual fruit t is gr[n to a consid]able ext5t 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 & is us$ = pies1 jams1 & jellies4 ,! latt] is rem>kably good1 equal to t made f ! r$ currant ( cold] climes1 & w no d\bt become an article ( export at no v di/ant date4 ,! fruit also dries well1 & makes an excell5t pickle4 ,x is rais$ f se$1 ! "y se$l+s be+ set out 9 well-prep>$ l& :5 all dang] ( fro/ is pa/4 ,x is a rapid gr[]1 & =ms a bu% "s #d feet across by #d or #e feet high4 ,x is a heavy be>]1 & ! fruit meets ) a ready sale4 ,to d well1 ! plants require a w>m1 free1 well-dra9$ soil1 z !y d n ?rive :]e !re is any /agnant wat] at or ne> ! roots4 ,! avocado or alligator pe> is n gr[n to any ext5t1 ?\gh x ?rives well1 p>ticul>ly to ! nor? ( ! tropic ( ,capricorn1 & c also be gr[n successfully z f> s\? z ! ,new ,s\? ,wales bord]4 ,x is a fruit t des]ves to be cultivat$ to a mu* great] ext5t ?an x is at pres5t1 & once x becomes bett] kn[n ,i h no d\bt t x w be plant$ 9 consid]able numb]s1 & prove a v welcome addition to our already long li/ ( fruits1 z x is unequall$1 9 my op9ion1 z a salad4 ,z f> z my exp]i5ce goes1 x is likely to become a pr(itable fruit to gr[1 z once p]sons acquire a lik+ = x1 !y become v p>tial to x1 & eat x :5ev] !y c get x4 ,9 addition to purely tropical fruits a numb] ( semi-tropical fruits are gr[n on our ea/]n seabo>d1 b are n entirely conf9$ !reto1 z _m ( !m are cultivat$ to a consid]able ext5t 9 "s p>ts ( our coa/al & inl& tablel&s1 p>ticul>ly 9 %elt]$ positions4 ,"u ! head+ ( semi-tropical fruits1 all k9ds ( citrus fruits1 p]simmons1 loquats1 date palm1 w9e palm1 pecan nut1 ,brazilian *]ry1 ,natal plum1 ki-apple1 & _m o!r fruits are includ$1 z well z sev]al fruits t m prop]ly belong to ! temp]ate regions1 su* z ,japanese plums1 ,*ickasaw plum1 pea*es ( ,*9ese orig91 figs1 mulb]ries ( sorts1 /rawb]ries1 cape gooseb]ries1 c4 ,( all ( ^! ! citrus fruits1 :i* include ! orange1 m&>91 ,seville1 lemon1 lime1 grape fruit1 kumquat1 citron1 & pomelo are by f> ! mo/ important1 & are gr[n successfully ov] a v l>ge portion ( ! ,/ate1 s t we w consid] !m fir/4 ,illu/ration3 ,s\r ,sop1 ,mossman ,di/rict4 ,,citrus ,,fruit4 ,q a numb] ( fruits are includ$ "u ?is head+1 & all rea* a v high /ate ( p]fection 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,! :ole ( ! family1 ! lemon-%ap$ citron except$1 is not$ = ! beauty & symmetry ( gr[? t its trees make1 & ,i "k ( few m beautiful sights 9 ! vegetable _w ?an a well-kept citrus grove 9 full be>+4 ,take ! common r\nd orange z an example1 its well-balanc$ & ev5ly gr[n head1 its d>k glossy gre5 foliage1 its weal? ( :ite blossoms1 :i* p]fume ! :ole neighb\rhood1 or its mass ( gold5 fruit betwe5 its d>k-gre5 leaves1 r5d] x "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( fruit trees at all times1 b especially s :5 cov]$ ) blossoms or ripe fruit4 ,a typical ,que5sl& grove is ev5 m beautiful ?an ^? ( _m o!r places1 z ! vig\r & size ( our trees1 _! exceptionally heal?y appe>ance1 _! d>k foliage1 & ! heavy crop ( high-class fruit t !y be>1 are at once evid5t to a /rang] :o has nev] se5 ! orange gr[n "u su* fav\rable conditions z are exp]i5c$ "h4 ,! yield is (t5 s heavy t ! trees actually b5d to ! gr\nd ) ! weight ( _! fruit1 & a /ack ( props has to be us$ to prev5t ! tree f splitt+ into pieces4 ,^? :o h se5 ! enorm\s crops ( apples t are produc$ on "s trees 9 ,tasmania or ! old cid] or*>ds ( ,devon or ,som]set c =m an idea ( ! crops2 b ! writ]1 :o has se5 bo?1 z well z our ,que5sl& trees1 has no hesitation 9 say+ t a ,que5sl& m&>9 c give po9ts to ei!r z a heavy cropp]2 9 fact1 if x has a fault1 x is its pron5ess to ov]be>1 p>ticul>ly :5 "y4 ,?is all t5ds to prove h[ well adapt$ ,que5sl& is to ! gr[? ( citrus fruits1 & 7 ,i ask$ to select a c\ntry p>ticul>ly suit$ to _! culture ,i %\ld h no hesitation 9 nam+ ?is ,/ate1 z ,i "k ( n[h]e :]e _! culture c be c>ri$ out ) less tr\ble1 or :]e ! trees w produce bett] fruit or heavi] crops4 ,que5sl& may well be t]m$ ! home ( citrus fruits1 z we h no less ?an ?ree native species :i* are indig5\s to ! ,/ate1 & are by no means uncommon 9 our scrubs4 ,_! pres5ce gives unmi/akable pro( ( ! suitability ( ?is ,/ate = ! culture ( fruits ( ! same family1 s t ,i ?9k a %ort description ( ^! native species may n be out ( place1 b w be ( "s int]e/ to my read]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,"y ,orange ,or*>d 7#f ye>s old7 on scrub l&1 ne> ,mapleton1 ,blackall ,range4 ,%[+ ! /&+ scrub 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,citrus au/ralis1 ! native orange or lime1 is bo? ! l>ge/ & mo/ common4 ,x gr[s into a l>ge tree1 hav+ a diamet] ( #ae to #ah in*es 9 ! trunk1 & a height ( #fj feet or m4 ,x produces a quantity ( ?ick-sk9n$ acid fruit1 ( f #b to #c in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! sk9 is full ( a res9\s sap1 & ! fruit is ( little value4 ,x is a sl[-gr[+ tree1 ?\gh1 z j m5tion$1 x atta9s a consid]able size1 is v h>dy1 & produces a quantity ( fruit4 ,its sl[ gr[?1 :5 "y1 has prev5t$ its use z a /ock on :i* to "w improv$ v>ieties1 b ,i h no d\bt x w\ld make a v h>dy /ock t w\ld be di/9ctly disease-resi/ant4 ,! second v>iety is ,citrus au/ralasica1 ! s-call$ f+] lime1 a ?orny bu%1 produc+ a fruit ( f #c_/d to #a in* 9 diamet]1 & #c to #d in*es long4 ,! fruit has a ?9 sk91 & conta9s an agreeable acid pulp t v>ies 9 col\r1 9 "s specim5s be+ ( a r$di% t+e t resembles ! pulp ( a blood orange4 ,^! two v>ieties are met ) 9 ! ,s\!rn "p ( ! ,/ate1 b ! ?ird is a ,nor!rn species1 to :i* ,mr4 ,f4 ,m4 ,bailey1 our ,colonial ,botani/1 has giv5 ! "n ( ,citrus inodora1 ! ,nor? ,que5sl& lime4 ,x is met ) 9 ! scrubs ( ! ,russell ,riv]1 & is describ$ by ,mr4 ,bailey z be>+ a great] resemblance to ! cultivat$ species ?an ! two =m] v>ieties4 ,x produces a fruit ov] #b in*es long by #a-a_/d in*es 9 diamet]1 hav+ a ?9 r9d & a juicy pulp ( a %>ply acid flav\r1 s t ev5 9 its wild /ate x is a desirable fruit1 & takes ! place ( ! cultivat$ lemon4 ,:]e native species fl\ri% z !y d "h1 !re is e probability ( cultivat$ species ?riv+ equally well1 & ?is is f\nd to be ! case 9 practice4 ,illu/ration3 ,a "y ,orange ,or*>d1 ,woombye ,di/rict4 ,no fruits are m g5]ally di/ribut$ or h a wid] range 9 ?is ,/ate ?an ^? ( ! ,citrus family1 z1 ) ! exception ( ! cold] p>ts ( ! ,d[ns1 :]e ! w9t] temp]ature is too l[1 ! ,gulf c\ntry1 & ! dry ,we/]n di/ricts1 :]e !re is no wat] available = irrigation1 !y c be gr[n f "o end ( ! ,/ate to ! o!r1 provid$ t !y are plant$ 9 suitable soil1 & t1 9 ! dri] p>ts1 !re is an available supply ( suitable wat] ) :i* to irrigate !m dur+ ! preval5ce ( long dry spells4 ,! c\ntry adjo9+ ! ea/]n seabo>d1 ext5d+ f ! ,twe$ ,riv] 9 ! ,s\? to ,cookt[n 9 ! ,nor?--a di/ance ( ab\t #a1ajj miles1 & ext5d+ inl& = ne>ly #ajj miles--is naturally suit$ to ! gr[? ( citrus fruits1 & !re is probably no c\ntry 9 ! _w t is bett] adapt$ to1 or t c produce ! v>i\s k9ds ( ^! fruits to great] p]fection or ) less tr\ble1 ?an ?is portion ( ,que5sl&4 ,( c\rse1 ! :ole ( ?is l>ge area is n adapt$ = citrus culture1 z x conta9s _m diff]5t k9ds ( soils1 sev]al ( :i* are n suitable = ! gr[? ( ^! fruits1 & !re is also a l>ge ext5t ( c\ntry :i* is too brok5 & o!rwise unsuitable4 ,at ! same "t !re are hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( acres ( l& 9 ?is area 9 :i* ! soil & natural conditions are em95tly suit$ to ! gr[? ( citrus fruit1 & 9 :i* ! t5d]e/ v>ieties ( ^! fruits may be gr[n to p]fection )\t ! slighte/ *ance ( _! be+ injur$ by fro/2 & :]e ! natural ra9fall is su* t1 provid$ ! trees receive ord9>y c>e & cultivation1 !re is seldom any necessity = artificial irrigation4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re are hundr$s ( citrus trees gr[+ practically wild 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! coa/al c\ntry t are 9 vigor\s heal? & produc+ heavy crops ( good fruit1 ev5 ?\gh !y are uncultivat$1 unprun$1 unmanur$1 & h to hold _! own aga9/ a vigor\s gr[? ( native & introduc$ %rubs1 trees1 & we$s4 ,:5 ! orange1 lime1 citron1 or common lemon become e/abli%$ "u conditions t are fav\rable = _! prop] developm5t1 !y app>5tly become z h>dy z ! indig5\s plants1 & are able to hold _! own aga9/ !m1 ?us %[+ h[ well ! climate & suitable soils ( coa/al ,que5sl& are adapt$ = ! cultivation ( citrus fruits4 ,! comm]cial cultivation ( citrus fruits is at pres5t practically conf9$ to ?is coa/al area1 ! mo/ important c5tres1 />t+ f ! ,s\?1 be+ ,n]ang1 ,coom]a1 ,r$l& ,bay1 ,brisbane1 ,enogg]a1 ,gatton1 ,gran?am1 ,to[oomba1 ,nor? ,coa/ l9e f ,nor? ,p9e to ,gympie includ+ ! ,blackall ,range & ,bud]im ,m\nta92 ! ,wide ,bay di/rict1 includ+ ,m>ybor\gh1 ,ti>o1 ,m\nt ,bauple1 ,gayndah1 ,pialba1 & ,burrum2 ! ,burnett di/rict1 includ+ ,bundab]g & ,mullet ,creek2 ! ,fitzroy di/rict1 includ+ ,rockhampton & ,yeppoon2 ,b[51 ,c>dwell1 ,murray ,riv]1 ,tully ,riv]1 ,cairns & di/rict1 ,port ,d\glas1 & ,cookt[n4 ,9 addition to ^! di/ricts a few citrus fruits are gr[n at ,mackay1 ,t[nsville1 & sev]al o!r places4 ,citrus fruits are also gr[n fur!r inl&1 b _! cultivation "h is l>gely dep5d5t on ! ability to supply ! trees ) suitable wat] = irrigation dur+ dry spells4 ,fro/s h also to be tak5 into consid]ation1 =1 ?\gh ! days are w>m1 ! temp]ature (t5 falls consid]ably dur+ ! night1 ow+ to ! great radiation1 & citrus-trees 9 di/ricts l ,roma1 ,em]ald1 c41 are liable to injury !reby4 ,we/ ( ,em]ald1 at ,bogantungan1 ,b>cald9e1 & o!r places1 citrus fruits d v well ) irrigation4 ,"s ( ! f9e/ lemons1 ,wa%+ton ,navel1 & o!r improv$ v>ieties ( oranges are gr[n "h to p]fection1 ! lemons especially be+ ( high quality1 & cur+ d[n equal to ! import$ ,italian or ,cali=nian article4 ,! soil 9 _m ( ! inl& di/ricts is well suit$ to ! culture ( citrus fruits1 & :5 ! trees are giv5 ! necess>y wat]1 & are un9jur$ by fro/1 !y produce excell5t fruit4 ,i /at$1 "s %ort di/ance back1 t !re is probably no c\ntry 9 ! _w t is bett] adapt$ to ! cultivation ( or t c produce ! v>i\s k9ds ( citrus fruits to great] p]fection or ) less tr\ble ?an ! ea/]n seabo>d ( ,que5sl&4 ,to _m ( my read]s ?is may seem to be a v broad /atem5t2 b ,i am c]ta9 t1 if suitable trees are plant$ 9 ! "r soil & "u fav\rable conditions1 & are giv5 any?+ l ! same c>e & att5tion t is devot$ to ! culture ( citrus fruits 9 ! great produc+ c5tres = ^! fruits 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 we h no?+ to fe> ei!r z reg>ds ! co/ ( production or ! quality ( ! fruit produc$4 ,9 ord] to exemplify ?is1 x may be int]e/+ to comp>e our capabilities ) ^? ( ! pr9cipal citrus-produc+ di/ricts nor? ( ! equator4 ,to beg9 )1 ,i w take ,florida1 :i* m ne>ly approa*es our climatic conditions ?an any o!r citrus-gr[+ c\ntry t ,i "k (1 & :i* is not$ = ! excell5ce ( its citrus fruit1 & we f9d t we h all its advantages except t ( proximity to ! _w's m>kets1 )\t its disadvantages4 ,we h a bett] & ri*] soil1 requir+ f> less exp5sive artificial f]tilis]s to ma9ta9 its f]tility1 & at a v mu* l[] price4 ,we c gr[ equally z good fruit2 9 fact1 x is que/ionable if ,florida ev] produc$ a citrus fruit equal 9 quality to ! ,beauty ( ,gl5 ,retreat ,m&>91 a ,que5sl& production4 ,we get z heavy1 if n heavi]1 crops1 & our trees come into be>+ v e>ly4 ,we h no freeze-outs simil> to ^? :i* h crippl$ ! indu/ry 9 ,florida s sev]ely 9 ! pa/ t _m ( _! weal?y gr[]s are actually cov]+ 9 :ole or*>ds ( _m acres 9 ext5t z a protection f fro/4 ,?is cov]+-9 is accompli%$ by means ( a framework ( timb] hav+ slat-"w or panel sides & tops--9 fact1 by enclos+ _! or*>ds 9 a huge elaborate bu%-h\se1 :i* is fur!r protect$ by ! heat produc$ by six l>ge heat+ /oves or salam&]s to ea* acre ( trees enclos$4 ,if x pays ! ,florida gr[]s to g to all ?is exp5se 9 ord] to prev5t freeze-outs & to produce fir/-class fruit1 surely we c compete ) !m :5 a se$ /uck 9 ! "r soil "u fav\rable conditions w produce a /rong1 vigor\s1 heal?y tree1 be>+ good crops )\t any att5tion :atev]4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,orange ,or*>d1 ne> ,woombye4 ,illu/ration3 ,orange ,trophy 9 ! ,moreton ,di/rict ,exhibit at ! ,brisbane ,exhibition4 ,9 comp>+ ,que5sl& ) ! citrus-produc+ di/ricts ( ,s\!rn ,europe1 we h ! advantage ( bett] & *eap] l&1 abs5ce ( fro/1 m vigor\s gr[?1 e>li] maturity ( ! trees1 & sup]ior fruit2 b ) ! advantage ( *eap] & m skilful lab\r1 especially 9 ! h&l+ & m>ket+ ( fruit1 & proximity to ! _w's m>kets 9 _! fav\r4 ,z comp>$ ) ,cali=nia1 our soil is no bett] ?an !irs1 b x co/s mu* less1 & _! citrus indu/ry is dep5d5t on artificial irrigation1 _! natural ra9fall be+ altoge!r inadequate = ! gr[? ( citrus fruits4 ,cali=nian conditions m ne>ly approa* ^? ( our inl& di/ricts1 su* z ,b>cald9e1 ) ! exception t ! only ra9fall 9 ,cali=nia is dur+ ! w9t]1 :]eas 9 ,b>cald9e & simil> di/ricts ! heavie/ fall is dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 b1 9 bo?1 ! successful culture ( ^! fruits dep5ds on irrigation4 ,9 ,jaffa1 also1 :]e ! oranges are ( l>ge size & extra quality1 ! trees h to be c>efully irrigat$ & manur$1 z ^! op]ations are f\nd to be ess5tial to ! production ( m>ketable fruit4 ,^! few in/ances %[ h[ fav\rably ! conditions prevail+ 9 ,que5sl& comp>e ) ^? ( ! great citrus-gr[+ di/ricts ( ,europe & ,am]ica1 especially 9 ! matt] ( soil & climate1 & ,i feel confid5t t1 if ! indu/ry 7 tak5 up 9 ! same bus9ess-l mann] t x has be5 done 9 ,cali=nia & ,florida1 we c\ld easily hold our own aga9/ any "p ( ! _w4 ,9 comp>+ ,que5sl& ) ! re/ ( ! _w we h ! advantage--also %>$ by ,new ,s\? ,wales & ,s\? ,africa--( rip5+ our fruit at a "t ( ! ye> :i* is ! (f season 9 ! citrus-produc+ c\ntries to ! nor? ( ! equator1 s t our fruit does n cla% ) !irs1 _! rip5+ p]iod & ours be+ at diff]5t times ( ! ye>4 ,z reg>ds our ,au/ralian m>ket1 our fruit rip5+ e>li] ?an t ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 we are enabl$ to dispose ( a consid]able portion ( our crop 9 ! ,s\!rn m>kets be=e ! local fruit is ready = ga!r+4 ,?is gives u ?ree m>kets--fir/1 a local "o2 secondly1 a ,s\!rn "o2 &1 f9ally1 :5 ?is dem& is suppli$1 an ov]sea m>ket to ,europe1 ,am]ica1 & ! ,ea/4 ,:5 gr[n "u fav\rable conditions1 citrus-trees are heavy be>]s 9 ?is ,/ate1 x be+ no uncommon ?+ to meet ) se$l+ or work$ orange-trees ( f t5 to twelve ye>s ( age produc+ ov] tw5ty cases ( m>ketable fruit to ! tree1 av]ag+ ab\t #aj doz5 m$ium-siz$ fruit4 ,illu/ration3 ,bun* ( ,val5cia late ,oranges1 ,blackall ,range ,di/rict4 ,illu/ration3 ,wa%+ton ,navel ,oranges1 ,b>cald9e ,di/rict1 ,c5tral ,l9e4 ,citrus-trees ( all k9ds1 p>ticul>ly work$ trees1 come into be>+ v e>ly1 & ! returns obta9$ f an or*>d rapidly increase4 ,! illu/rations give a good idea ( ! rapid gr[?1 & a fair "o ( ! crop ( fruit ! "y trees are be>+1 b ! foll[+ examples1 tak5 at r&om = ! crop t 0 m>ket$ 9 ,janu>y1 #aijf1 w %[ bett] h[ our trees be>3-- ,mr4 ,a41 ,blackall ,range1 m>ket$ #g-a_/d cases p] tree f a r[ ( tw5ty-five ,beauty ( ,gl5 ,retreat ,m&>9s1 plant$ ,april1 #aijj4 ,a return ( ,l#a #ajs4 p] tree4 ,mr4 ,b41 f ! same di/rict1 av]ag$ #g cases ( ,wa%+ton ,navel ,oranges p] tree f trees six ye>s old1 :i* realis$ ,l#a #aes4 p] tree1 & #h cases ( ,beauty ( ,gl5 ,retreat ,m&>9s f trees ( ! same age4 ,! navels 7 l>ge1 & av]ag$ #e doz5 p] case1 & ! m&>9s #aj doz5 p] case4 ,mr4 ,c1 ano!r di/rict1 av]ag$ #f cases ( ,val5cia ,late ,oranges1 f trees six ye>s plant$1 & #aj cases p] tree f ,emp]or ,m&>9s1 n9e ye>s old4 ,"o twelve ye>s old orange-tree 9 ?is di/rict produc$ ov] #be cases ( fruit4 ,mr4 ,d41 same di/rict z la/2 ,wa%+ton ,navels av]ag$ #aj cases p] tree1 t5 ye>s plant$1 & h borne regul> crops s9ce ?ree ye>s old4 ,num]\s o!r cases might be giv51 b ! above are suffici5t to %[ ! e>l9ess at :i* our trees be>1 & ! crops !y yield4 ,trees 9 full be>+ (t5 yield up to #dj cases1 b ^! are usually old se$l+s1 :i* be> a v heavy crop "o ye> & a comp>atively light crop ! next4 ,all ! in/ances ,i h quot$ are f work$ trees1 :i* are f\nd to give ! mo/ regul> & con/ant yields4 ,until q rec5tly1 citrus-trees 7 almo/ entirely gr[n f se$ 9 ?is ,/ate1 ) ! result t we h a v l>ge numb] ( types1 & _m crosses betwe5 diff]5t species4 ,?is 0 n advisable1 z a uni=mity 9 type is desirable = m>ket+1 h5ce ! great] numb] ( trees n[ be+ plant$ are ( select$ v>ieties ( prov$ m]it4 ,_m ( ! se$l+s h produc$ mo/ excell5t fruit1 b a se$l+ has usually ! disadvantage ( be+ v full ( se$s1 & hav+ a lot ( rag 7! indige/ible fibre r\nd ! pulp7 z comp>$ ) ! work$ v>ieties1 :i* h ei!r no se$s or v few se$s & little rag4 ,se$l+s are also ( _m types1 & !y produce a lot ( small fruit1 !reby mak+ an unev5 sample1 :]eas work$ trees produce fruit ev5 9 size & quality4 ,se$l+s are probably ! h>die/1 & w /& ! mo/ neglect1 b exp]i5ce is %[+ t work$ trees are ! mo/ pr(itable to gr[4 ,! gr[? ( all k9ds ( citrus-trees f se$ is a v simple matt]1 all t is necess>y be+ a well-prep>$ se$ b$ ( friable soil t is p>tially %ad$ f ! heat ( ! sun1 s z to protect ! "y plants4 ,select$1 fully ripe fruit f well-gr[n1 prolific1 heal?y trees is tak51 & ! se$s s[n 9 r[s 9 ! se$ b$1 or broadca/ :5 we$s are n likely to be any tr\ble4 ,fre% se$ g]m9ates quickly1 & ! "y plants are soon ready to be transplant$ into ! nurs]y b$1 :]e !y are ei!r work$ ov] or all[$ to rema9 se$l+s4 ,at twelve mon?s old1 f se$1 a tree w h a /em-diamet] ( ab\t #c_/d-;in*1 & a height ( #c to #d feet1 a gr[? ab\t twice t made 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,! g5]al rem>ks ,i h giv5 respect+ our fruit soils apply ) equal =ce to ^? be/ adapt$ = citrus culture--viz41 !y mu/ possess p]fect dra9age1 & be ( a friable nature4 ,we are gr[+ mo/ ( ! be/ v>ieties ( citrus fruit1 ! orig9al trees f :i* !y are n[ be+ propagat$ hav+ be5 introduc$ into ! ,/ate f ! mo/ celebrat$ citrus-produc+ di/ricts 9 ! _w1 &1 z /at$ & %[n by ! accompany+ illu/rations1 !y are all do+ well4 ,! ,wa%+ton ,navel1 ! v>iety ( orange mo/ commonly gr[n 9 ,cali=nia1 does rem>kably well on our ri* volcanic scrub soils1 :]e x has prov$ itself a regul> be>] ( high-class fruit4 ,! ,m$it]ranean ,sweet ,orange1 ,val5cia ,late1 & ,jaffa also d well 9 _m p>ts1 ! ,val5cia ,late adapt+ itself to mo/ di/ricts4 ,_m o!r k9ds ( oranges are gr[n1 b ! v>ieties m5tion$ are "s ( ! be/1 & are ! ones n[ be+ plant$ 9 ! greate/ quantity4 ,illu/ration3 ,spray ( ,orange ,blossom4 ,9 m&>9s1 all k9ds d rem>kably well1 & ,i nev] saw ?is fruit produc$ to great] p]fection 9 any "p ( ! _w ?an x is 9 ,que5sl&4 ,! v>ieties mo/ commonly gr[n are3 ,! ,emp]or or ,canton1 ! ,sc>let or ,sc>let ,emp]or1 ,?orny or ,tang]9e1 & ,beauty ( ,gl5 ,retreat1 ?\gh !re are _m types ( se$l+s 9 addition to ^! well-kn[n sorts4 ,! grape fruit :i* is n[ s popul> 9 ,am]ica does well1 b1 s f>1 has n tak5 on 9 our m>kets4 ,citrons gr[ practically wild1 & produce good fruit1 = :i* !re is a limit$ dem& = peel4 ,_! cultivation c\ld be ext5d$ ) ease 7 !re a bett] dem& = peel4 ,! ,seville ,orange1 :i* is us$ = ! manufacture ( m>malade1 is an exceptionally h>dy & prolific tree1 &1 7 x requir$1 we c\ld easily gr[ en\gh ( ?is fruit to supply ! _w4 ,lemons d be/ inl&1 or at an elevation ( "s #b1jjj feet above sea-level1 z ?is fruit is apt to become too co>se 9 ! sk9 :5 gr[n 9 a humid climate4 ,9 suitable localities v good fruit c be gr[n1 :i* comp>es v fav\rably ) ! ,european or ,am]ican gr[n fruit4 ,! lime does well 9 ! m humid di/ricts1 tak+ ! place ( ! lemon1 & "o v>iety--! ,tahiti--has prov$ itself to be a heavy & regul> be>]4 ,! ,we/ ,indian lime1 f :i* ! lime juice ( comm]ce is made1 is v easily gr[n1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! m tropical p>ts1 :]e x is (t5 met ) gr[+ 9 an entirely uncultivat$ condition1 & be>+ heavy crops ( fruit4 ,kumquats are easily gr[n1 & are heavy be>]s1 & all ! diff]5t types ( pomelos or %addocks d well4 ,se$l+s ( ! latt] are v h>dy1 z !y are deep-root$ plants t /& dry wea!r well & are1 consequ5tly1 n liable to injury dur+ dry spells4 ,!re is v little dem& = ! fruit1 b ,i am ( op9ion t ! se$l+s w prove to be ( value z /ocks on :i* to "w our be/ k9ds ( oranges4 ,! culture ( all k9ds ( citrus fruits1 :5 gr[n 9 suitable soil1 is by no means difficult1 z x consi/s ma9ly ( keep+ ! l& well /irr$ & keep+ d[n all we$ gr[? dur+ dry spells1 ! keep+ ( ! trees well prun$ out 9 ! c5tre1 & ! keep+ 9 *eck ( all diseases1 bo? insect & fungus4 ,al?\gh citrus fruits are subject to _m pe/s1 !y are = ! mo/ "p easily kept 9 *eck by ei!r spray+ or cyanid+1 or bo?1 provid$ t reasonable c>e is tak51 & ! pe/s are de/roy$ be=e !y h obta9$ control4 ,tak5 z a :ole1 our citrus fruits are rem>kably clean1 & comp>e m ?an fav\rably ) ^? gr[n 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,! culture ( ^! fruits is ext5d+ rapidly1 ) a correspond+ increase 9 production1 b1 despite ?is1 our prices h be5 bett] dur+ ! pa/ season ?an = "s ye>s1 z ! quality ( our fruit is su* t x w comm& a good m>ket4 ,:5 prop]ly h&l$1 x has good keep+ qualities1 & ,i h no d\bt t we w1 9 "t1 be able to supply ! m>kets ( ! ,old & ,new ,worlds ) good fruit1 9 ! be/ ( condition1 at ! "t ( ! ye> t _! m>kets are b>e ( locally-gr[n citrus fruit4 ,!re is a good op5+ = ! gr[? ( citrus fruits 9 ?is ,/ate1 z ! writ] kn[s ( no c\ntry :]e !y d bett]1 :]e !y c be produc$ ) z little tr\ble & exp5se1 :]e !y c be successfully gr[n ov] su* a l>ge area1 or :]e ! soil & climate is m suit$ to ! production ( fruits ( ! highe/ quality z 9 ,que5sl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,lisbon ,lemon1 ,esk ,di/rict4 ,,! ,,p]simmon4 ,?is exce$+ly h&some fruit ( ,japanese orig9 is gr[n to a high /ate ( p]fection 9 ?is ,/ate1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! coa/al di/ricts s\? ( ! tropic ( ,capricorn4 ,x is a fruit ( comp>atively rec5t introduction1 ! olde/ trees be+ less ?an ?irty ye>s ( age1 b has already become widely di/ribut$1 z well z a fav\rite fruit among/ _m4 ,x is a v %[y fruit :5 well gr[n1 b mu/ be ?or\ghly ripe be=e x is eat51 z1 if n1 x is extremely a/r+5t1 & anyone :o has tackl$ an unripe fruit has no wi% to repeat ! exp]i5ce 9 a hurry4 ,!re are _m v>ieties ( ?is fruit1 "s ( :i* are se$less1 & o!rs m or less se$y4 ,! se$less k9ds are usually pref]r$1 z1 z well z be+ se$less1 !y are ! l>ge/ & h&some/ fruit4 ,! diff]5t k9ds v>y consid]ably 9 ! size ( tree1 habit ( gr[?1 foliage1 size & col\r ( fruit1 c4 ,all are easily gr[n1 & mo/ k9ds are good & regul> be>]s4 ,!y d well on any fruit soil1 & "s ( ! dw>f-gr[+ k9ds are well adapt$ = gr[+ 9 private g>d5s1 on acc\nt ( ! small am\nt ( room !y take up4 ,! trees are decidu\s1 &1 z a rule1 are n mu* tr\bl$ ) pe/s4 ,s f>1 ! use ( ! fruit is conf9$ to its consumption fre%1 ?\gh 9 ,japan x is dri$ 9 a simil> mann] to apricots or pea*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,p]simmons4 ,,! ,,loquat4 ,a h&some ev]gre5 tree1 t c be gr[n 9 ! m ,s\!rly coa/ di/ricts1 9 ! foo?ills ( ! coa/ range1 & on ! coa/ tablel&s4 ,!re are sev]al types ( ! fruit1 ^: *ief value consi/s 9 t x rip5s its fruit 9 e>ly spr+1 :5 !re is a %ortage ( /one fruits1 & t x )/&s w9d well1 s makes a good break = ! protection ( expos$ or*>ds4 ,its cultivation is n ext5sive1 nor is x likely to become s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fruit ( ,loquat 7#a_/b natural size74 ,,! ,,date ,,palm4 ,al?\gh ?is extremely valuable fruit is gr[n 9 ?is ,/ate m z an ornam5t ?an = its comm]cial value1 !re is no?+ to prev5t its culture on a scale suffici5tly l>ge to supply ! ,au/ralian requirem5ts4 ,x is gr[n 9 _m places along ! coa/1 z well z 9 ! foo?ills c\ntry ( ! coa/al range1 b x does be/ 9 situations t m ne>ly resemble its natural habitat--viz41 9 di/ricts hav+ a hot dry air1 a deep s&y loam or s&y soil1 & a good supply ( moi/ure 9 ! soil4 ,?is latt] condition does n occur naturally1 b c be suppli$ artificially 9 our ,we/]n l&s1 :]e !re is a good supply ( artesian wat] ( a quality suitable to ! plants' requirem5ts4 ,"h ! date palm ?rives1 & produces huge bun*es ( fruit4 ,little1 if any1 cultivation is necess>y :5 once ! palm is firmly e/abli%$2 provid$ x has an ample b n excessive supply ( moi/ure1 x is able to take c>e ( itself4 ,! date palm is a dioeci\s plant--t is to say1 ! male organs1 or /am5s1 are produc$ on "o plant1 & ! female organs1 or pi/ils1 on ano!r1 & ?is necessitates ! gr[+ ( ! two sexes 9 proximity to ea* o!r1 9 ord] t ! female fl[]s may be f]tilis$ & produce p]fect fruit4 ,?is is be/ accompli%$ artificially1 ! poll5 f a fully develop$ bun* ( male fl[]s be+ %ak5 ov] ! bun* ( female fl[]s4 ,inf]tile fruit conta9s no se$s1 & is ( small size & inf]ior quality1 :]eas ! f]tile fruit is bo? l>ge & good4 ,! date palm is a h&some ornam5tal plant1 & 9 ! hot & dry ,we/]n di/ricts1 :]e x ?rives be/1 x =ms a spl5did %elt] f ! sun = bo? man & bea/4 ,s f>1 v little att5tion has be5 giv5 to its gr[?1 few p]sons kn[+ h[ to f]tilise ! fl[]s or ev5 tak+ ! tr\ble to see t !y h plants ( bo? sexes4 ,!re is no reason :y ?is %\ld be s1 z !re w\ld be a good local dem& = ! prop]ly-cur$ fruit1 & ,i believe t1 7 its culture c>ri$ out 9 a ?or\gh bus9ess mann]1 x w\ld become a pr(itable indu/ry1 & "o capable ( supply+ our ,au/ralian m>ket4 ,illu/ration3 ,date ,palms 9 fruit at ,b>cald9e4 ,,! ,,pecan ,,nut4 ,ano!r little-kn[n fruit :i* does well 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,x belongs to ! hickory family1 & closely resembles ! walnut4 ,!re are trees n[ gr[+ 9 ! ,m>ybor\gh di/rict t are "s #ae in*es 9 diamet] at ! trunk1 & f #dj to #ej feet 9 height1 t be> regul> & heavy crops ( nuts1 & t h /ood dr\ght & be5 "u flood4 ,= ye>s ! trees h receiv$ no cultivation1 & !y h %[n !mselves to be z h>dy z ! adjac5t indig5\s trees4 ,! trees are easily rais$ f se$1 & come into be>+ 9 ab\t eight ye>s4 ,l all nut fruits1 x is advisable to set ! nut :]e ! tree is to rema9 p]man5tly1 if x is possible to d s1 z x produces a v deep taproot1 ) few lat]als1 & is consequ5tly difficult to %ift4 ,! soil on :i* x does be/ is an alluvial loam1 &1 if possible1 x %\ld n be m ?an #cj feet to wat]1 z ! tree1 be+ a v deep root]1 w p5etrate a free soil to t dep?4 ,x w d on o!r free loamy soils1 b w n make ! same gr[? z :5 plant$ 9 free alluvials4 ,x has be5 te/$ 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 & x is probable t x w be f\nd to ?rive ov] a consid]able area ( ! coa/al & coa/al tablel&s di/ricts4 ,x produces an olive or acorn %ap$ nut1 hav+ a ?9 %ell1 & ( a flav\r closely resembl+ t ( a good walnut1 & w be a valuable addition to our li/ ( nut fruits once x becomes bett] kn[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,date ,fruit 7natural size74 ,,japanese ,,plums4 ,all v>ieties ( ?is fruit ?rive well & be> heavily 9 ! m ,s\!rly "p ( our coa/ c\ntry1 z well z on ! c\ntry imm$iately adjac5t to x1 ! coa/al tablel&s1 & sev]al o!r p>ts ( ! ,/ate4 ,! trees are rapid gr[]s1 come into be>+ v e>ly1 & (t5 be> enorm\s crops ( fruit4 ,!y are good fruits = home consumption or = ! fre%-fruit trade1 b are n equal to ,european v>ieties ( plums = pres]v+1 dry+1 or jam-mak+4 ,9 ?is ,/ate !y h "o v great drawback1 & t is _! liability to ! attack ( ! fruit fly1 a pe/ t v frequ5tly de/roys ! entire crop4 ,= home use !y are1 h[ev]1 a v useful fruit to gr[1 provid$ t ! trees are kept dw>f1 s t !y c be cov]$ ) a *eap mosquito nett+ z a protection f ! fly1 z !y are v easily gr[n1 are by no means p>ticul> z to ! k9d ( soil on :i* plant$1 & are heavy be>]s4 ,,*ickasaw ,,plums4 ,?is family ( ,am]ican plums does well 9 ! same di/ricts z ! ,japanese v>ieties j dealt )1 b has ! advantage ( be+ resi/ant to ! fruit fly4 ,! trees are usually m or less /raggl+ gr[]s1 ! fruit is ( small size1 b good = cook+ or jam-mak+4 ,"o or m ( ! v>ieties ( ?is plum are bad sett]s1 ?\gh !y blossom pr(usely1 b ?is may be ov]come ei!r by work+ two v>ieties :i* bloom at ! same "t on to ! same /ock1 or by plant+ v>ieties t bloom at ! same "t toge!r1 z ! poll5 f ! "o w set ! fruit ( ! o!r4 ,x is a good plum = home use or m>ket+1 despite its small size1 z x is easily gr[n1 requires little att5tion1 & is n ov] p>ticul> z to soil4 ,,*9ese ,,pea*es4 ,pea*es ( ,*9ese orig9 ?rive well on ! coa/1 & are extremely h>dy4 ,! fruit is n1 z a rule1 ( high quality :5 comp>$ ) t ( ! ,p]sian v>ieties1 b _! e>l9ess & ease ) :i* !y c be gr[n causes !m to be plant$ by _m :o h small g>d5s4 ,l ! ,japanese plums !y are1 h[ev]1 v subject to ! attack ( fruit fly1 & require to be kept dw>f & cov]$ 9 a simil> mann] if any good is to be got f !m4 ,on ! coa/1 !y are practically ev]gre51 z !y nev] lose _! leaves entirely1 & are 9 blossom dur+ ! w9t]4 ,:5 gr[n on ! tablel&s1 ?is e>ly blossom+ is a disadvantage1 z ! blossoms are liable to be injur$ by fro/1 b 9 ^! di/ricts pea*es ( ,p]sian orig9 c be gr[n in/ead4 ,,figs4 ,sev]al k9ds ( figs c be gr[n successfully 9 ! ,s\!rn coa/ di/ricts1 ! fir/ crop rip5+ be=e ,*ri/mas1 b ! second or ma9 crop is (t5 a failure1 ow+ to ! fact t x rip5s dur+ our wet season1 & ! fruit consequ5tly s\rs & bur/s4 ,z "o rec$es f ! coa/1 ! fruit does bett]1 & is less liable to injury f excessive wet4 ,! coa/al tablel&s & ! m ,we/]n ,d[ns gr[ x well1 & ! trees1 :5 plant$ on soil ( a ri* friable nature1 gr[ to a l>ge size & be> heavily4 ,_m v>ieties are gr[n1 :i* are us$ fre% or conv]t$ into jam1 b no attempt has be5 made to dry !m1 ?\gh x is possible t ?is indu/ry may ev5tually be f\nd pr(itable 9 ! dri] p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 :]e !re is wat] available = ! trees' use at c]ta9 p]iods ( ! ye>1 b n dur+ ! fruit+ p]iod1 z x _c well be too dry !n if a good quality ( dri$ figs is to be turn$ out4 ,?is fruit is easily gr[n1 & is n at all subject to s]i\s pe/s1 s t anyone :o w take reasonable c>e c produce all t is requir$ = home use or local sale1 z its s(tness r5d]s x a difficult fruit to %ip long di/ances 9 a hot climate4 ,,! ,,mulb]ry4 ,?is is "o ( ! h>die/ fruits we h1 "o ( ! mo/ rapid gr[]s1 & "o ( ! mo/ prolific4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties 9 cultivation1 & ^? ( ,japanese or ,*9ese orig9 w gr[ f ! coa/ to ! int]ior1 & ?rive ei!r 9 an extremely dry or humid climate4 ,! common ,engli% or black mulb]ry does n d too well z a rule1 ?\gh !re are _m f9e trees scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate1 b ! o!r sorts are z h>dy z native trees4 ,! fruit is n ( any great value1 /ill1 z x is s easily gr[n1 x f9ds a place 9 mo/ g>d5s1 & 9 "t ( dr\ght ! leaves & "y bran*es are readily eat5 by all k9ds ( /ock1 s t x is a good /&by = /ock z well z a fruit4 ,,! ,,/rawb]ry4 ,to ^? :o h be5 accu/om$ to look ^u ! /rawb]ry z a fruit ( ! purely temp]ate regions1 x w be some:at ( a revelation to "k t exceptionally f9e fruit c be gr[n "r on ! ,que5sl& coa/1 & well )9 ! tropics1 & t on ! coa/1 betwe5 ! #bf? to ! #bh? degrees ( s\? latitude1 we are probably produc+ z f9e fruit & obta9+ z heavy crops z are produc$ 9 any ( ! old] /rawb]ry-gr[+ c\ntries4 ,n only ?is1 b t we are able to supply ! ,s\!rn m>kets ( ,au/ralia ) f9] fruit ?an !y c produce locally1 & at a "t ( ! ye> t !y _c gr[ x4 ,z ,i h already m5tion$ :5 deal+ ) o!r fruits1 "o ?+ t p>ticul>ly impresses /rang]s is ! e>ly age at :i* our fruits come into be>+4 ,?is is borne out 9 ! case ( ! /rawb]ry to a m>k$ degree1 z runn]s set 9 ,april fruit 9 ,july1 & (t5 e>li]1 & w cont9ue to be>1 giv5 reasonable wea!r1 "r up to ,*ri/mas or ev5 long]4 ,new plants are set out e ye>1 & ! plantation is seldom all[$ to /& m ?an two ye>s1 z ! "y plants produce ! f9e/ fruit4 ,!re is a good dem& = ! fruit1 ! l>g] b]ries be+ pack$ 9 flat cases hold+ a s+le lay] ( fruit1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 & be+ sold = consumption fre%1 :]eas ! small] b]ries are pack$ 9 kegs & s5t direct to ! factories = conv]sion into jam4 ,! /rawb]ry gr[s well on v>i\s soils1 b does be/ ) u on a ri* loam ( m$ium texture1 ( a r$di%-br[n or ev5 black col\r4 ,x %\ld be plant$ 9 di/ricts t are free f fro/s :]e e>ly fruit is desir$1 z fro/s injure ! blossoms1 b :]e jam fruit only is want$ ?is is n s necess>y4 ,! l& requires to be ?or\ghly well prep>$1 & ! plants are usually set out 9 r[s ab\t #b feet ap>t1 ) ! plants ab\t #a foot ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,"u fav\rable conditions !y gr[ v rapidly1 & soon />t fl[]+4 ,_! cultivation is usually conf9$ to comp>atively small areas ( #b or #c acres 9 ext5t1 z ! lab\r ( pick+ & pack+ is usually done by ! gr[] himself ) ! assi/ance ( 8 family4 ,!y are (t5 plant$ betwe5 ! r[s ( trees 9 "y or*>ds1 ?us br++ 9 a return :il/ ! trees are com+ into be>+1 & help+ to keep ! pot boil+4 ,!y gr[ well on our coa/al scrub l&s1 & h prov$ a great assi/ance to _m a beg9n]1 z "o has n long to wait be=e obta9+ a return4 ,illu/ration3 ,/rawb]ry ,g>d51 ,mooloolah ,di/rict4 ,! productiv5ess ( ?is fruit 9 ,que5sl& is ph5om5al1 z high z #e tons ( b]ries hav+ be5 tak5 (f #a acre 9 a s+le season4 ,!re are _m v>ieties ( /rawb]ries 9 cultivation1 "s ( :i* h be5 produc$ locally f se$1 & h turn$ out extremely well1 be+ ( bett] flav\r1 /rong] gr[]s1 & heavi] be>]s ?an introduc$ v>ieties--9 fact1 local se$l+s h adapt$ !mselves to local conditions1 & /& our climate bett] ?an ^? v>ieties :i* are natives ( cold] c\ntries4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>gu]ite ,/rawb]ry4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>gu]ite ,/rawb]ry pack$ = m>ket4 ,! case b]ries1 :i* are us$ = fre% consumption1 fet* a fair price1 especially e>ly 9 ! season1 b jam fruit sells at an av]age ( #b-a_/b;d4 p] lb41 at :i* price x pays fair wages1 b is n a bonanza4 ,z a rule ! plants are v heal?y1 & any fungus pe/s to :i* !y are subject1 su* z leaf blight1 are easily kept 9 *eck by spray+1 a knapsack pump be+ us$ = ?is purpose4 ,! gr\nd is kept well work$ & free f we$s1 :il/ ! plants are fruit+1 & occasionally ! gr\nd is mul*$1 z is ! case 9 ! plot %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,no special k is necess>y = _! culture1 b1 at ! same "t1 ?or\gh cultivation & c>eful att5tion to details 9 ! gr[+ ( ! plants make a consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! total returns4 ,illu/ration3 ,=man's ,/rawb]ry1 ,brisbane ,di/rict4 ,,cape ,,gooseb]ry4 ,?is ,p]uvian fruit1 introduc$ into ?is ,/ate via ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 h5ce its "n1 has n[ spread ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ! tropical & semi-tropical portions ( ,que5sl&4 ,its spread has l>gely be5 br\ght ab\t by ! ag5cy ( fruit-eat+ birds1 t h di/ribut$ ! se$s widely by means ( _! ca/+s4 ,x is "o ( ! fir/ plants to make its appe>ance 9 newly burnt-(f scrub l&1 & (t5 comes up 9 su* numb]s z to give a full crop ( fruit4 ,9 o!r cases x is usual to scatt] a quantity ( se$ on su* l&1 s z to be sure ( secur+ a plant4 ,no cultivation is giv52 ! plant gr[s into a /raggl+ bu% be>+ a quantity ( fruit :i* is enclos$ 9 a p>*m5t-l husk4 ,! fruit is ga!r$1 husk$1 & is !n ready = m>ket4 ,! bulk ( ! fruit is gr[n 9 ?is mann]1 & z x c be gr[n on l& t is n yet ready = any o!r crop 7grass or maize except$7 x is a great help to ! beg9n]1 z a good crop & fair prices c usually be obta9$4 ,! "n gooseb]ry is some:at mislead+1 z x is n a gooseb]ry at all1 is n l x1 nor does x belong to ! same natural ord]4 ,x is a plant belong+ to ! ord] ,solanaceae1 :i* includes su* well-kn[n plants z ! potato1 tomato1 tobacco1 c41 & altoge!r unlike ! common gooseb]ry1 :i*1 by ! way1 is "o ( ! fruits t we _c d mu* )4 ,9 addition to be+ gr[n 9 ! wild mann] ,i h describ$1 x is occasionally cultivat$ 9 a sy/ematic mann]1 some:at l ! tomato1 b n to any ext5t2 gr[]s pref]r+ to dep5d on x z a fir/ return f newly fall5 & burnt-(f scrub l&4 ,z a fruit x meets ) a v ready sale1 z x is "o ( ! be/ cook+ fruits gr[n2 pla9ly /ew$ & s]v$ ) cream1 made into pudd+s or pies1 or conv]t$ into jam1 x is h>d to beat4 ,! jam has a di/9ct flav\r ( its own1 "o t "o soon becomes v p>tial to1 besides :i* x is an attractive-look+ jam t1 7 x bett] kn[n 9 ! _w's m>kets1 w\ld1 ,i feel sure1 meet ) a ready sale at satisfactory rates4 ,! plant is some:at susceptible to cold1 h5ce x does be/ 9 a di/rict free f fro/1 b x is n kill$ out by light fro/s1 only kill$ back1 & its crop put back4 ,l all plants belong+ to ! same natural ord]1 x likes a good soil1 ri* 9 available pota%1 & ?is is probably ! reason :y x does s well on newly burnt-(f scrub1 ! a%es ( :i* provide an ample supply ( available pota%4 ,,! ,,olive4 ,a mu*-neglect$ fruit 9 ?is ,/ate1 z x is also 9 mo/ ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries4 ,few ,engli% p are fond ( ei!r ! fruit or ! oil1 & yet x is probable t !re is no tree t = ! space x occupies w produce a great] annual return ( food ?an ! olive4 ,a numb] ( trees are scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate1 "s ( :i* are n[ ( l>ge size & fair age1 b1 s f>1 practically no?+ beyond mak+ a few gallons ( oil & pickl+ a few gallons ( fruit has be5 attempt$1 & ?is only 9 a purely exp]im5tal mann]4 ,! pres5t condition ( ! olive indu/ry is de/9$ to h a wak5+ up ere long1 z a c\ntry t c produce ?is fruit 9 su* quantities & ( su* a quality z ! light] soils ( ! ,d>l+ ,d[ns is de/9$ "s day to be "o ( ! l>ge/ produc]s ( olives on e>?4 ,"s ye>s s9ce ,i plant$ a numb] ( ! be/ v>ieties ( olives--trees obta9$ direct f ,cali=nia--on ! ,d>l+ ,d[ns1 9 l& t ,i consid]$ suitable = _! gr[?1 & :i* 0 prop]ly prep>$ prior to plant+4 ,! trees "h h made a really ph5om5al gr[?1 !y came into be>+ )9 ?ree ye>s ( plant+1 & h borne /eadily ev] s9ce4 ,!y h prov$ enorm\s be>]s1 & an exp]im5tal cru%+ %[$ t ! oil 0 ( high quality4 ,!re are l>ge areas ( simil> c\ntry to t 9 :i* !y are plant$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 & ,i feel c]ta9 t ?is really valuable food fruit is b\nd "s day to be a consid]able s\rce ( our national weal?4 ,s f>1 ! drawback to ! gr[? ( olives has be5 ! co/ ( ga!r+ ! fruit & ! limit$ dem& = ! oil or pickl$ fruit1 b1 aga9/ ?is1 x has _m advantages1 "o1 & by no means ! lea/1 ( :i* is its value z a %ade & %elt] tree on our op5 treeless pla9s4 ,x is also a v h>dy tree1 )/&+ dr\ght well1 & ?riv+ 9 l& t is too /ony = ! cultivation ( ord9>y f>m crops4 ,x is a heal?y tree1 free f mo/ fruit pe/s o!r ?an ! olive scale1 :i* c be kept 9 *eck by spray+ or cyanid+2 & la/1 b n lea/1 x is an ornam5tal tree ^: wood is ( consid]able value4 ,! olive does be/ ) u 9 loamy soils ( fair dep? & basaltic orig91 t are mod]ately ri* 9 lime & pota%1 & h a fair dra9age4 ,a subsoil ( decompos$ rock answ]s well4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 d on sev]al o!r k9ds ( soil1 b x is 9 ! type t ,i h j describ$ t x does s well1 & 9 :i* ,i w\ld recomm5d its culture on a l>ge scale4 ,x w /& a fair am\nt ( fro/ z well z great heat1 & ,i h nev] se5 ! trees injur$ by ei!r on our ,d[ns c\ntry4 ,i h also se5 trees do+ well "r on ! coa/1 :]e !y h be5 subject to heavy ra9falls1 s t x appe>s to adapt itself to ! conditions prevail+ 9 _m p>ts ( our ,/ate4 ,9 addition to ! fruits ,i h briefly describ$1 !re are sev]al o!rs ( m9or importance t c be gr[n successfully1 b1 z !y are n ( any great value comm]cially1 ,i w leave !m out1 & g on to ! fruits ( our m temp]ate di/ricts1 z1 9 addition to gr[+ ! tropical & semi-tropical fruits :i* ,i h already dealt )1 ,que5sl& c also produce temp]ate climate fruits to a v high degree ( p]fection4 ,! fruits ( ! temp]ate regions t we are able to gr[ include ! apple1 pe>1 plum1 prune1 qu9ce1 apricot1 ,p]sian pea*1 nect>9e1 almond1 walnut1 *e/nut1 *]ry1 c41 z well z "s ( ! h>di] fruits :i* ,i h class$ z semi-tropical--viz41 ! ,japanese plum1 p]simmon1 ,*ickasaw plum1 /rawb]ry1 c4 ,! di/ricts adapt$ = ! gr[? ( ! di/9ctly temp]ate fruits are mo/ly situat$ 9 ! ,s\!rn portion ( ! ,/ate1 & at an elevation ( f #b1jjj to #c1jjj feet above sea-level--di/ricts hav+ a w>m summ] b a comp>atively cold w9t]1 dur+ :i* fro/s are by no means uncommon1 b :]e sn[ r>ely falls2 a heal?y climate1 ) w>m days & cool nights1 to :i* _m visitors g dur+ ! heat ( summ]1 :5 ! humidity ( ! coa/ is some:at try+ to p]sons n naturally robu/4 ,! ,d[ns c\ntry1 p>ticul>ly its s\!rn or ,/an?orpe end1 is ! mo/ suitable2 ! soil is ma9ly ( granitic orig91 & is v suitable = ! gr[? ( apples1 /one fruit1 & grapes1 b ! latt] ,i w deal ) by !mselves lat] on4 ,! c\ntry is by no means ri* f an agricultural /&po9t1 & is consid]ably brok51 b1 z already /at$1 x is admirably adapt$ = ! gr[? ( fruit1 & )9 ! la/ t5 ye>s at lea/ #ajj1jjj fruit trees1 mo/ly apples1 plums1 & pea*es1 h be5 plant$ out & are do+ well4 ,! ,/an?orpe %[1 :i* is held annually dur+ ! mon? ( ,febru>y1 is always not$ = ! excell5ce ( its fruit exhibits1 :i* w\ld be h>d to beat1 bo? = size1 quality1 & appe>ance4 ,! fruits rip5 e>li] ?an simil> v>ieties gr[n 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 h5ce supply our m>kets at a "t :5 !re is little outside competition1 &1 consequ5tly1 meet ) a ready sale at fair prices4 ,! fruit gr[n 9 ! l>ge/ quantity is ! apple1 s ,i w deal ) x fir/4 ,,! ,,apple4 ,z a description ( ?is well-kn[n & univ]sally us$ fruit is entirely sup]flu\s1 ,i w conf9e my rem>ks to ! types ( fruit gr[n1 & _! me?od ( gr[?4 ,ow+ to ! fact t our fruits rip5 mu* e>li] ?an simil> v>ieties 9 m s\!rn p>ts ( ,au/ralia1 we h gone 9 l>gely = e>ly v>ieties ( apples1 bo? = cook+ & table use1 b h n conf9$ our att5tion to !m entirely1 z good-keep+ sorts are f\nd to d equally well1 & h be5 %[n at ! annual exhibition t is held 9 ,brisbane dur+ ,augu/1 9 p]fect condition1 %[+ t ! fruit has good keep+ qualities4 ,! soil on :i* ! apple is mo/ly gr[n is l>gely compos$ ( granitic matt]1 & is ( a %>p1 s&y1 loamy nature1 (t5 ( a gritty "*4 ,x is usually ri* 9 pota%1 ! pr$om9at+ felsp> be+ or?oclase1 b some:at defici5t 9 nitrog5 & phosphoric acid4 ,x is usually easy to "w1 ( fair dep?1 & reta9s moi/ure well :5 kept 9 a ?or\gh /ate ( til?4 ,! trees are usually plant$ at f #bj to #be feet ap>t ea* way1 :5 !y are ei!r "o ye> or two ye>s old f ! graft or bud4 ,!y are head$ l[1 s z to %ade ! gr\nd f ! heat ( ! sun1 & also s z to facilitate ! h&l+ ( ! crop :5 gr[n1 z well z to prev5t _! sway+ ab\t ) ! w9d4 ,! trees make a rapid gr[?1 come into be>+ v e>ly1 (t5 be>+ a fair crop ?ree ye>s aft] plant+1 & fruit+ ev5 e>li]4 ,! fruit ( ! e>ly v>ieties has usually a h&some appe>ance1 b lacks keep+ qualities1 b ! lat] fruits are bo? h&some1 high-col\r$ fruit1 & good keep]s4 ,! trees are n v liable to disease1 z1 ?anks to all v>ieties be+ work$ on blight-resi/ant /ocks1 !re is v little ,am]ican blight 7woolly aphis74 ,scale insects d a c]ta9 am\nt ( damage1 b are easily kept 9 *eck by w9t] spray+1 & codl+ mo? is n bad unless grossly neglect$1 _m or*>ds be+ q free f ?is great pe/ ( ! apple-gr[]4 ,s f>1 ! gr[+ ( apples has be5 conf9$ entirely to ! gr[+ ( fruit = ! local m>kets1 no attempt hav+ be5 made to export same4 ,a v small quantity is dri$1 & a little is us$ = jelly4 ,_m v>ieties ( apples h be5 te/$ 9 ?is ,/ate1 b gr[]s h f\nd out t x pays !m be/ to conf9e _! att5tion to comp>atively few sorts t h prov$ to be ! be/ suit$ to ! soil & climate1 z a few good k9ds are mu* m pr(itable to gr[ ?an a m]e collection ( v>ieties4 ,_m v>ieties are prone to ov]be>1 & trees ( l>ge size h produc$ enorm\s crops ( fruit1 :]eas "y trees frequ5tly break d[n "u ! weight ( _! crop4 ,! usual plan is to plant a few v>ieties t rip5 9 succession1 s z to ext5d ! season ov] z long a p]iod z possible1 & n to cause a glutt$ m>ket at any "o "t4 ,e>ly fruits p>ticul>ly are n not$ = _! keep+ qualities1 & a m>ket glutt$ ) su* w\ld entail a heavy loss to gr[]s1 h5ce a succession ( v>ieties t suit ! di/rict z well z ! m>ket is gr[n4 ,ne>ly all k9ds ( apples d well1 ^? t are resi/ant to ! attack ( woolly aphis are1 h[ev]1 g5]ally *os5 9 pref]5ce1 ev5 ?\gh !y may n be ( ! highe/ quality1 z _! prolificness & fre$om f ?is pe/ r5d]s !m m pr(itable ?an v>ieties ( sup]ior quality t are liable to blight1 & t are at ! same "t (t5 some:at indiff]5t be>]s4 ,x is outside ! scope ( ?is pap] to g into ! "q ( v>ieties1 b ,i may m5tion t su* sorts z ,iri% ,pea*1 ,grav5/e91 ,summ] ,sc>let ,pe>ma91 ,tw5ty-ounces1 ,jona?an1 ,"l ,suffield1 ,rome ,beauty1 & ,pr9ce ,bism>ck d rem>kably well1 & _m o!r well-kn[n k9ds c be gr[n to p]fection4 ,illu/ration3 ,pr9ce ( ,pipp9s ,apple1 ,d>l+ ,d[ns ,di/rict4 ,,! ,,pea*4 ,?is k+ ( ! temp]ate fruits gr[s ) u to p]fection4 ,! tree is h>dy1 a rapid gr[]1 comes into be>+ e>ly1 & is1 if any?+1 incl9$ to ov]be>4 ,x c be gr[n ov] a consid]able "p ( our coa/al & inl& d[ns1 z well z ! ,/an?orpe di/rict1 & ?rives 9 _m k9ds ( soil1 f light s&y loams ( poor quality to ri* loams ( m$ium texture or ev5 heavi]4 ,9 ?is ,/ate1 ! pea* is always gr[n on pea* roots1 ! desir$ v>iety be+ ei!r budd$ or graft$ on to a se$l+ pea*1 & ! result+ tree is plant$ out :5 x has made "o ye>'s gr[?4 ,no tree is easi] to gr[1 b if ! be/ returns are desir$1 x requires v c>eful prun+ = ! fir/ ?ree ye>s1 aft] :i* an annual w9t] prun+ is usually all t is necess>y4 ,! "y tree is su* a /rong gr[] t unless x is heavily cut back x becomes top-heavy & breaks to pieces ) ! weight ( fruit1 b :5 h>d cut back = ! fir/ two ye>s1 s t x has a good ma9 /em & /rong prim>y bran*es1 x w =m a /rong tree1 & /& up well "u a heavy crop ( fruit4 ,! /rong gr[? x makes necessitates heavy prun+ :5 l>ge fruit is desir$--& x is l>ge %[y fruit :i* sells be/ "h--z 7 ! tree all[$ to g unprun$1 x w\ld be> enorm\s numb]s ( fruit1 _m ( :i* w\ld be ( small size4 ,gr[]s n[ realise ?is1 & _m ( our or*>ds are well prun$1 :]eas a few ye>s s9ce ! trees 7 all[$ to gr[ pretty mu* z !y l4 ,! pea* rema9s pr(itable mu* long] "h ?an x does 9 ,cali=nia1 z ! trees d n we> out s quickly1 ! roots rema9+ s\nd up to ! la/1 s t1 unless ! top is too f> gone1 ! life ( ! tree may usually be ext5d$ = sev]al ye>s by head+ h>d back & =m+ an entirely new head to ! tree4 ,trees 9 full be>+ (t5 produce fully #a1jjj lb4 weight ( fruit 9 a s+le season4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 v mu* above ! av]age1 b by no means exceptional4 ,:5 9 _! ?ird season1 !y %\ld be> en\gh to pay = all work+ exp5ses4 ,a v l>ge numb] ( v>ieties h be5 te/$ 9 ,que5sl&1 mo/ ( :i* d well1 b1 z 9 ! case ( apples1 we f9d f exp]i5ce t x is be/ to /ick to a few k9ds1 & ^? t h prov$ to be mo/ suitable to our soil & climate1 r ?an to exp]im5t ) a l>ge numb] ( v>ieties4 ,! usual plan is to plant a numb] ( v>ieties t rip5 9 succession1 z ) ! apple1 s z to spread ! season ov] z long a "t z possible1 & to /ick to k9ds t be> well1 look well1 & %ip well1 = appe>ance w usually beat quality1 & fet* m money4 ,s f>1 little has be5 done 9 ! way ( utilis+ ! pea*1 z ! dem& = ! fre% fruit has be5 equal to our supply4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no reason :y we %\ld n be able to e/abli% & ma9ta9 a fair cann+ & dry+ trade1 %\ld ! production ov]come ! dem& = ! fre% fruit1 z our pea*es are ( l>ge size1 & w c & dry well--t is to say1 v>ieties adapt$ to ^? purposes w d s4 ,! nect>9e1 :i* is simply a smoo?-sk9n$ pea*1 does equally well1 _m v>ieties be> heavily1 & "s produce fruit ( exceptional m]it4 ,i h se5 z f9e nect>9es gr[n 9 ! ,/an?orpe di/rict z ,i h met ) 9 any "p ( ,au/ralia or ,am]ica1 fruit ( l>ge size & ! highe/ flav\r1 t comp>$ fav\rably ) ! f9e/ ho?\se-gr[n fruit ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,illu/ration3 ,pea* ,av5ue1 ,d>l+ ,d[ns ,di/rict4 ,,! ,,plum4 ,z already m5tion$1 plums ( ,japanese & ,am]ican orig9 7,*ickasaw7 d well 9 ! m coa/al di/ricts4 ,!y also be> heavily on our coa/al d[ns & m we/]n c\ntry1 b "s k9ds ( ,japanese plums blossom too e>ly = ! ,/an?orpe di/rict4 ,european plums1 h[ev]1 d well1 & are heavy be>]s4 ,all k9ds d n be> heavily1 ! free/ be>]s be+ ^? ( ! damson family--,:ite ,magnum ,bonum & ,diamond type4 ,prunes also d well4 ,plums ( ,european orig9 d be/ 9 ! colde/ di/ricts1 b _! cultivation is n conf9$ entirely to ^!1 z "s v>ieties ?rive well 9 w>m] & dri] p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,s f>1 !re has be5 a ready sale = all ! plums we c produce = fre% consumption1 except+ "s ( ! small] plums ( ! damson type1 :i* h be5 conv]t$ into jam4 ,x is n a fruit1 h[ev]1 9 :i* !re is mu* money1 z x is too easily gr[n 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & c !re be conv]t$ into jam or cann$ at a l[] rate ?an we c d "h1 h5ce our cultivation w be m or less conf9$ to ! gr[+ ( l>ge fruits = supply+ our local m>kets r ?an to ! production ( ! fruit 9 quantity4 ,,! ,,apricot4 ,mo/ v>ieties ( ?is fruit d well on our coa/al d[ns c\ntry 9 ! ,s\?1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t fur!r we/4 ,! trees are v rapid gr[]s1 & be> heavily4 ,! e>li] rip5+ fruit usually escapes damage f fruit fly1 b ! late fruit (t5 suff]s consid]ably4 ,! apricot does be/ 9 a fairly /rong ri* soil1 :5 x makes a great gr[?1 & be>s heavy crops ( l>ge-siz$ fruit4 ,x also does well on s&i] soils1 :i* produce a firm] & bett]-dry+ fruit4 ,s f>1 al?\gh a numb] ( trees are plant$ ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate1 ! cultivation ( ! fruit is ma9ly conf9$ to ! production ( table fruit1 dry+ or cann+ hav+ be5 c>ri$ out to a small ext5t only4 ,! apricot gr[s to a l>ge tree1 & lives to a good old age4 ,l ! pea*1 x is a v vigor\s gr[] :5 "y1 requir+ sev]e prun+ 9 consequ5ce1 b1 :5 once %ap$1 ! trees require little 9 ! way ( prun+ o!r ?an ! removal ( sup]flu\s bran*es & an annual %ort5+ 9 w9t]4 ,,! ,,*]ry4 ,que5sl& is almo/ outside ! limit ( ! successful gr[? ( ?is fruit1 b n q1 z we produce ! fir/ fruit to rip5 9 ,au/ralia1 :i* realises a high price on acc\nt ( its e>l9ess4 ,_m v>ieties h be5 te/$1 b1 s f>1 no "o v>iety c be said to be a complete success 9 our climate1 nor d ! trees gr[ to ! l>ge size or produce z heavily z !y d 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 :]e ! w9t]s are m cle>ly def9$ ?an !y are 9 ,que5sl&4 ,ano!r drawback to ! gr[? ( ?is fruit is t ! soils ( our colde/ di/rict are n ! be/ ( *]ry soils4 ,! *]ry likes a deep1 mod]ately ri* loam1 :]eas we are gr[+ x mo/ly on s&y loams ( a granitic orig94 ,:at fruit we d gr[ is good1 & pays well on acc\nt ( its e>l9ess1 b ,i d n consid] t ?is ,/ate w ev] be able to compete ) ! ,s\? 9 ! gr[? ( ! *]ry4 ,illu/ration3 ,lit*i1 ,mossman ,di/rict4 ,,! ,,pe>4 ,_m k9ds ( pe>s d well1 b1 un=tunately1 ?is f9e fruit is v liable to be attack$ by fruit fly4 ,x does well g5]ally 9 ! di/ricts t ,i h m5tion$ z suitable = ! apple1 plum1 & apricot4 ,! tree is heal?y1 gr[s rapidly & to a l>ge size4 ,x comes into be>+ rem>kably e>ly z comp>$ ) ! pe> 9 cold] climates1 & produces excell5t fruit4 ,i h gr[n z good ,b>tletts "h z c\ld be obta9$ any:]e1 & ! trees h prov$ to be good be>]s & do]s4 ,?is fruit does be/ on deep soils ( a m$ium to /rong loamy nature1 & ( good quality1 ?\gh x does well 9 mu* fre] soils1 b does n make z good a gr[? or be> z heavily4 ,x is usually gr[n on se$l+-pe> /ocks1 b ! gr[+ ( suitable v>ieties on qu9ce /ocks & keep+ ! resultant trees dw>f$ is to be recomm5d$4 ,?is me?od ( gr[+ ! pe> does well "h1 & dw>f trees c be easily protect$ f fly1 :]eas x is practically impossible to deal ) big trees1 :i* ! pe> becomes :5 gr[n on pe> roots4 ,,! ,,almond4 ,?is fruit does well 9 p>ts ( our coa/al tablel& c\ntry1 ?\gh its habit ( blossom+ too e>ly 9 ! season r5d]s x v liable to injury f late fro/s4 ,! trees d rem>kably well1 gr[ rapidly1 & be> heavily :5 ! blossoms are un9jur$ by fro/1 h5ce x is a good tree to gr[ 9 select$ situations conta9+ suitable soil1 z x comm&s a ready sale1 & is v little tr\bl$ ) pe/s4 ,a free1 s&y1 loamy soil is be/ suit$ to ! gr[? ( ! almond1 & ! situation %\ld be well protect$ f fro/4 ,! trees are usually work$ on pea* /ocks1 on :i* !y make a v rapid gr[?4 ,sev]al v>ieties %\ld be gr[n toge!r1 z a bett] set ( fruit w be obta9$ by do+ s1 mo/ almonds requir+ ! poll5 ( ano!r v>iety fl[]+ at ! same "t to r5d] _! fl[]s f]tile4 ,! almond gr[s into a h&some1 %apely tree1 &1 :5 9 blossom1 an or*>d is a sight n easily =gott51 ! weal? ( fl[]s be+ su* t x mu/ be se5 to be fully appreciat$4 ,! walnut1 *e/nut1 qu9ce1 blackb]ry1 raspb]ry1 & "o or two o!r fruits ( ! temp]ate regions are also cultivat$ to a small ext5t1 b are ( no great value s f>1 ?\gh !re is no reason :y ! walnut1 :i* does well ) u1 %\ld n be cultivat$ to a mu* great] ext5t ?an x is1 z !re is always a fair dem& = ! nuts4 ,blackb]ries ( diff]5t k9ds h be5 introduc$1 & d well1 ! common ,engli% blackb]ry almo/ too well1 z unless kept 9 *eck x is apt to spread to su* an ext5t z to be a nuisance4 ,9 addition to ! cultivat$ fruits ,i h briefly m5tion$ z gr[+ 9 ,que5sl&1 we h a numb] ( native fruits gr[+ 9 our scrubs & else:]e t are wor?y ( cultivation ) a view to _! ultimate improvem5t4 ,( su* are ! ,que5sl& nut1 a h&some ev]gre5 tree1 be>+ heavy crops ( a v f9e flav\r$ nut4 ,! nut is ab\t #c_/d-;in* 9 diamet]1 b ! %ell is v h>d & ?ick4 ,x c\ld no d\bt be improv$ by selection & c>eful bre$+4 ,! ,davidsonian plum is also ano!r fruit ( promise4 ,x is a h&some tree ( our tropical ,nor? coa/1 & be>s a l>ge plum-%ap$ fruit ( a d>k purple col\r1 ) d>k r$di% purple fle%1 :i* is extremely acid1 b :i* is well wor? cultivation4 ,sev]al species ( eug5ias also produce edible fruit1 & !re are two species ( wild raspb]ries common to our scrubs4 ,!re are ! native citrus fruits ,i ref]r$ to 9 an e>li] "p ( ?is pap]1 z well z sev]al o!r less well-kn[n fruits t are edible4 ,illu/ration3 ,tam>9d ,tree1 ,port ,d\glas ,di/rict4 ,,grape ,,culture4 ,no "w on fruit-gr[+ 9 ,que5sl&1 h[ev] small1 w\ld be complete )\t due ref]5ce be+ made to ! v9e1 ! la/ b by no means ! lea/ important ( our _m fruits4 ,al?\gh ! cultivation ( ?is mo/ useful & popul> fruit has n rea*$ to any?+ l ! dim5sions t v9e culture has atta9$ 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! production ( w9e1 !re is no reason :y x %\ld n d s at no v di/ant future4 ,we h _m advantages n possess$ by our ,s\!rn neighb\rs 9 ! culture ( ! grape1 ! fir/ & mo/ important ( :i* is t our crop rip5s s mu* e>li] ?an t ( ! ,s\? t we c secure ! :ole ( ! e>ly m>kets )\t fe> ( any s]i\s opposition4 ,until q rec5tly1 grape culture 0 9 a v backw>d /ate 9 ,que5sl&1 ! grapes gr[n on ! coa/ be+ ne>ly all ,am]ican v>ieties1 :i* are by no means ! be/ w9e or table sorts4 ,a few grapes ( ,european orig9 7 gr[n on ! ,d[ns & 9 ! ,roma di/rict1 b _! cultivation 0 practically conf9$ !reto4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 ?+s h alt]$ v mu* = ! bett]4 ,_m good v>ieties ( ,european grapes h be5 prov$ suitable to ! coa/al climate ( ! ,s\!rn half ( ! ,/ate1 & _m inl& di/ricts o!r ?an ,roma & ! ,d[ns h also prov$ t !y1 too1 c & d gr[ fir/-class fruit bo? = table & w9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,grosse ,koeln] ,v9e 9 ,fruit1 ,roma ,di/rict 7,gros ,colman74 ,illu/ration3 ,pick+ ,grapes1 ,roma4 ,n[ ! culture ( ! grape ext5ds ov] a great "p ( ! ,/ate1 f ! coa/ to ! int]ior2 9 ! latt]1 its successful gr[? dep5d+ on ! necess>y suitable wat] = irrigation1 & on ! coa/ to our k ( h[ to keep fungus pe/s1 su* z an?racnose1 9 *eck by w9t] treatm5t & spr+ spray+4 ,9 ! ,brisbane di/rict _m k9ds ( excell5t table grapes are n[ gr[n1 :i* meet ) a ready sale1 su* z ! well-kn[n ,black ,hamburgh ( ,engli% v9]ies1 ! ,sweetwat]1 ,sn['s ,muscat ,hamburgh1 ,royal ,ascot1 c41 z well z all ! bett] k9ds ( ,am]ican grapes1 su* z ,iona1 ,goe!1 ,wild]1 c4 ,a little w9e is made1 b m att5tion is giv5 to table fruit4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,grape ,v9e 9 ,fruit1 ,/an?orpe ,di/rict4 ,illu/ration3 ,madresfield ,c\rt ,grape4 ,9 ! ,m>ybor\gh1 ,gympie1 & ,bundab]g di/ricts1 simil> grapes are also gr[n1 & d well1 rip5+ some:at e>li] ?an !y d 9 ,brisbane2 & 9 ! ,rockhampton di/rict1 "r on ! tropic ( ,capricorn1 "s ( ! be/ table grapes ,i h se5 9 ! ,/ate are produc$4 ,fur!r nor? a few grapes are gr[n1 b n 9 any great quantities1 & ,i consid] t ! pr(itable cultivation ( good table grapes on ! coa/ ext5ds f our ,s\!rn bord] to a %ort di/ance nor? ( ! tropic ( ,capricorn & inl& to all di/ricts :]e !re is ei!r a suffici5t ra9fall or a supply ( wat] f artesian bores1 or o!rwise1 to enable !m to be gr[n4 ,grapes "h1 z 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 l mod]ately ri*1 free1 loamy soils ( good dep?1 free s&y loams1 & free alluvial loams4 ,9 su* soils !y make a vigor\s gr[?1 & are heavy be>]s4 ,! granitic soils ( ! ,/an?orpe di/rict1 t produce su* good pea*es1 plums1 & apples1 gr[ excell5t grapes1 :i* rip5 late4 ,!y are ( l>ge size1 & conspicu\s = _! f9e col\r4 ,! s&y soils ( ,roma & ! ,m>anoa c\ntry g5]ally gr[ excell5t w9e & table grapes1 ! latt] be+ ( l>ge size1 full flav\r1 & h&some appe>ance4 ,w9e grapes also d well "h1 & "s excell5t w9e has be5 made1 bo? d>k & light1 natural & =tifi$4 ,i h no d\bt t ev5tually good ri* port & ! be/ ( %]ries w be produc$ 9 ?is di/rict1 z ! soil & climate are admirably adapt$ to ! production ( ^! classes ( w9e4 ,our difficulty1 s f>1 has be5 to f9d out ! exact k9ds ( grapes to gr[ = ?is purpose1 b n[ ,i am glad to say t we are on ! "r track1 & ! excell5ce ( ,que5sl& ports & %]ries w be a recognis$ ?+ be=e _m ye>s are pa/4 ,!re is a big & good op5+ = up-to-date viticulturi/s 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,we h any am\nt ( suitable l& at l[ rates1 &1 ?anks to ! g5]\s sun heat ( our int]ior1 we c gr[ grapes capable ( produc+ w9es equal to ! be/ t c be turn$ out by ,spa91 ,portugal1 or ,madeira4 ,9 ^? di/ricts t d n possess su* an extreme climate1 su* z ! coa/al d[ns & ! ,/an?orpe di/ricts1 good w9es ( a light] "* c be produc$1 &1 z already /at$1 good w9es are n[ be+ made on ! coa/4 ,x is only n[ t we are beg9n+ to realise ! value ( ! grape to ,que5sl&1 z1 until our production increas$ to su* an ext5t t our local m>kets 7 be+ ov]-suppli$1 our gr[]s made no attempt to supply outside m>kets4 ,n[ ?is is be+ done1 & bett] means ( h&l+ & pack+ ! fruit1 s z to enable x to be %ipp$ long di/ances1 are n[ com+ into vogue4 ,) improv$ me?ods ( h&l+ & pack+1 we h a greatly ext5d$ m>ket1 9 :i* we w h no local competition1 h5ce w be able to secure good returns1 s mu* s t ,i consid] t grape-gr[+ 9 ,que5sl& has a v promis+ outlook = "s ye>s to come at any rate4 ,9 addition to gr[+ grapes to supply ! fre%-fruit trade & = w9emak+1 our we/]n c\ntry is capable ( produc+ good rais9s & sultanas4 ,s f>1 ?is indu/ry has n be5 ent]$ into comm]cially1 ! fre% fruit realis+ f> too high a price = x to pay to conv]t x into rais9s4 ,/ill1 ) increas$ production1 ?is w h to take place1 & :5 x does ,i am ( op9ion t we w be able to turn out a v saleable article4 ,! gr[+ ( grapes "h c]ta9ly requires consid]able exp]i5ce ( a practical nature4 ,?is is n at all h>d to obta91 & !re are no insurm\ntable difficulties to ! beg9n]1 once he has le>nt h[ to "w 8 l& s z to cause x to reta9 moi/ure dur+ a dry spell1 & to plant & prune 8 v9es4 ,^! are matt]s 9 :i* any beg9n] c obta9 practical advice f ! ,que5sl& ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t1 z ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,que5sl&1 recognis+ ! importance ( fruit-gr[+1 grape-gr[+1 & g5]al agriculture to ! ,/ate1 h devot$ consid]able sums ( money to ! e/abli%m5t ( exp]im5t f>ms1 or*>ds1 & v9ey>ds 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,/ate4 ,all ^! ,gov]nm5t in/itutions are "u ! control ( ?or\ghly qualifi$ manag]s1 :o are will+ at all times to give any assi/ance to beg9n]s1 !reby enabl+ ! latt] to keep free f mi/akes1 & to obta9 ! be/ returns z ! result ( _! lab\r4 ,in/ructors1 ?or\ghly conv]sant ) ! ,/ate z a :ole1 are also available = giv+ practical advice1 s t !re is no necessity = a beg9n]1 ?r\gh lack ( exp]i5ce1 to wa/e any "t 9 f9d+ out = himself :at 8 soil & climate are suit$ =4 ,he c />t on ! "r l9es f ! beg9n+1 & keep to "r l9es if he w only take advantage ( ! advice1 bas$ on practical exp]i5ce1 t is giv5 him4 ,que5sl& is a good l& = ! int5d+ fruit-gr[]4 ,we (f] y good soil1 a *oice ( climates1 suitable = ! gr[+ ( practically e k9d ( comm]cial fruit1 a heal?y climate to live 91 *eap l&1 free education = y\r *ildr51 & free advice f compet5t exp]ts = y\rselves4 ,?is is a c\ntry t has n be5 adv]tis$ or puff$ up2 t is1 9 consequ5ce1 n by any means well kn[n2 b x is a c\ntry t1 tak5 all 9 all1 w take a lot ( beat+ :5 "o is look+ out = a home4 ,its natural advantages & ! o!r inducem5ts x (f]s to int5d+ settl]s1 p>ticul>ly ^? int]e/$ 9 fruit culture1 _c1 9 my op9ion1 be equall$1 & c]ta9ly n excell$1 else:]e2 &1 z ,i /at$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is pap]1 my op9ion is bas$ on practical exp]i5ce ga9$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! fruit-produc+ p>ts ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,black ,mammo? ,grape4 ,illu/ration3 ,c9saut ,grape4 ,li/ ( ,fruits ,gr[n 9 ,que5sl&4 ,almonds1 sev]al v>ieties ,almond1 ,fiji ,apples1 _m v>ieties ,apricots1 _m v>ieties ,av]rhoa ,avocada ,pe> ,bael ,fruit ,banana1 sev]al v>ieties ,b>b]ry ,blackb]ry ,brazilian ,*]ry ,bread ,fruit ,burdek9 ,plum ,c>ob ,bean ,*alta ,*]ries1 sev]al v>ieties ,*e/nut--,spani% ,*e/nut--,japanese ,*9ese ,rais9 ,citrons1 sev]al v>ieties ,cocoa-nut1 _m v>ieties ,cu/>d ,apples 7,*]imoy]s7 ,dates ,davidsonia ,plum ,figs1 sev]al v>ieties ,gooseb]ries--,cape ,gooseb]ries--,otaheitan ,granadillas ,grapes1 _m v>ieties ,guavas1 _m v>ieties ,jujube ,kai ,apple ,kumquat ,lit*i ,longan ,lemons1 sev]al v>ieties ,limes1 sev]al v>ieties ,loquats ,m&>9s1 sev]al v>ieties ,mangoes1 _m v>ieties ,mango/e5--,s\r or ,coo*9 ,york ,m$l>s ,melons1 _m v>ieties ,mon/]a ,mulb]ries1 sev]al v>ieties ,natal ,plum ,nect>9es1 sev]al v>ieties ,olives1 sev]al v>ieties ,oranges1 _m v>ieties ,papaw1 sev]al types ,passion ,fruit1 sev]al types ,pea*es--,p]sian1 _m v>ieties ,pea*es--,*9a1 sev]al v>ieties ,pea*es--,ceylon1 sev]al v>ieties ,pe>s1 _m v>ieties ,pecan ,nut ,p]simmons1 sev]al v>ieties ,p9eapples1 sev]al v>ieties ,pi/a*io ,nut ,plums--,european1 sev]al v>ieties ,plums--,japanese1 sev]al v>ieties ,plums--,am]ican1 sev]al v>ieties ,pomegranate ,qu9ce--,european1 sev]al v>ieties ,qu9ce--,japanese ,que5sl& ,nut ,raspb]ries1 sev]al types ,rosellas ,rose ,apple ,sapodilla ,plum ,%addock or ,pomelo1 sev]al types ,/> ,apple ,/rawb]ries1 _m v>ieties ,tam>9ds ,tree ,tomato ,vi ,apple ,walnut ,:ampee ,li/ ( ,vegetables ,gr[n 9 ,que5sl&4 ,arti*okes--,j]usalem & ,globe ,asp>agus ,beans ( all k9ds ,beetroot ,broccoli ,brussels ,spr\ts ,cabbage ,cabbage--,*9ese ,capsicums ,c>doons ,c>rots ,cassava ,caulifl[]s ,cel]y ,*icory ,*okos ,cress ,cucumb]s ,e>? ,nuts 7,peanuts7 ,egg ,plant ,endive ,es*alots ,g>lic ,h]bs--all k9ds ,hors]adi% ,kohl-rabi ,leeks ,lettuce ,mu%rooms ,mu/>d ,na/urtiums ,ockra ,onions ,peas ,potatoes--,engli% & ,sweet ,pumpk9s ,radi%es ,rhub>b ,salsify ,seakale ,sp9a* ,squa%es ,sweet ,corn ,sw$es ,t>o ,tomatoes ,turnips ,vegetable ,m>r[s ,yams ,by ,au?ority3 ,,an?ony ,,james ,,cumm+1 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t]1 ,brisbane4