mat]ial f ! ,google ,pr9t project47 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,e ef=t has be5 made to replicate ?is text z fai?fully z possible1 includ+ obsolete & v>iant spell+s & o!r inconsi/5cies4 ,,! ,,future ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,negro ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton ,bo/on ,small1 ,mayn>d ,company #aijj ,copyright1 #ahii1 ,by ,small1 ,mayn>d ,company 7,incorporat$7 ,ent]$ at ,/ation]s' ,hall ,fir/ ,edition 7#b1jjj copies71 ,novemb]1 #ahii ,second ,edition 7#b1jjj copies71 ,febru>y1 #aijj ,press ( ,george ,h4 ,ellis1 ,bo/on1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton4 ,,preface4 ,9 giv+ ?is volume to ! public1 ,i deem x fair to say t ,i h yield$ to ! (t-repeat$ reque/s t ,i put 9 "s m def9ite & p]man5t =m ! ideas reg>d+ ! ,negro & 8 future :i* ,i h express$ _m times on ! public plat=m & ?r\gh ! public press & magaz9es4 ,i make grateful ackn[l$gm5t to ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly & ,appleton's ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly = _! k9dness 9 grant+ p]mission = ! use ( "s "p ( articles :i* ,i h at v>i\s times contribut$ to _! columns4 ,,book] ,t4 ,,wa%+ton4 ,,tuskegee ,,normal ,,& ,,indu/rial ,,in/itute1 ,,tuskegee1 ,,ala41 ,octob] #a1 #ahii4 ,,cont5ts4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,page #c ,fir/ appe>ance ( ,negroes 9 ,am]ica--,rapid increase--,conditions dur+ ,civil ,w>--,dur+ ! recon/ruction4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,page #af ,responsibility ( ! :ole c\ntry = ! ,negro--,progress 9 ! pa/--,same me?ods ( education d n fit all cases--,prov$ 9 ! case ( ! ,s\!rn ,negro--,illu/rations--,lack ( money--,comp>ison betwe5 outlay = s*ools ,nor? & ,s\?--,duty ( ,nor? to ,s\?4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,page #db ,decad5ce ( ,s\!rn plantation--,demoralization ( ,negroes natural--,no home life be=e ! w>--,too mu* classical education at ! />t--,lack ( practical tra9+-- ,illu/rations--,! well-tra9$ slaves n[ dead--,=m] plantations z indu/rial s*ools--,! decay$ plantation built up by a =m] slave--,misund]/&+ ( indu/rial education4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,page #fg ,! ,negroes' prop] use ( education--,hayti1 ,santo ,dom+o1 & ,lib]ia z illu/rations ( ! lack ( practical tra9+-- ,pres5t necessity = union ( all =ces to fur!r ! cause ( indu/rial education--,indu/rial education n oppos$ to ! high] education--,results ( practical tra9+ s f>--,little or no prejudice aga9/ capable ,negroes 9 bus9ess 9 ! ,s\?--,! ,negro at fir/ %unn$ labor z degrad+-- ,hampton & ,tuskegee aim to remove ?is feel+--,! ,s\? does n oppose indu/rial education = ! ,negroes-- ,address to ,tuskegee /ud5ts sett+ =? ! necessity ( /eadfa/ness ( purpose4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,page #ajf ,! au?or's e>ly life--,at ,hampton--,! inception ( ! ,tuskegee ,s*ool 9 #ahha--;,its gr[?--,scope--,size at pres5t--,exp5ses--,purposes--,me?ods--,b uild+ ( ! *apel--,"w ( ! graduates--,simil> s*ools beg9n+ ?r\gh\t ! ,s\?--,tuskegee ,negro ,conf]5ce--,! ,work]s' ,conf]5ce--,tuskegee z a tra9] ( tea*]s4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,page #abg ,! ,negro race 9 politics--,its patriotic zeal 9 #aggf--;,9 #ahad--;,9 ! ,civil ,w>--,9 ! ,spani% ,w>--,politics attempt$ too soon aft] fre$om--,poor lead]s--,two p>ties 9 ! ,s\?1 ! blacks' & ! :ites'--,n necess>ily oppos$ 9 int]e/s--,! ,negro %\ld give up no rights--,! same te/s = ! re/riction ( ! fran*ise %\ld be appli$ alike to bo? blacks & :ites--,?is is n ! case--,education & ! fran*ise--,! :ites mu/ help ! blacks to pure votes--,riot+ & lyn*+ only to be /opp$ by mutual confid5ce4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,page #aeg ,difficulty ( fusion--,africa impossible z a refuge because already completely claim$ by o!r nations--,comp>ison ( ,negro race ) :ite--,physical condition ( ! ,negro--,pres5t lack ( ability to organize--,weaknesses--,ability to "w--,tru/wor?9ess ,desire to rise--,ob/ructions put 9 ! way ( ,negroes' advancem5t--,results ( oppression--,necessity = enc\ragem5t & self-respect--,comp>ison ( ,negroes' position & t ( ! ,jews--,lyn*+--,non-int]f]5ce ( ! ,nor?-- ,increase ( lyn*+--,/ati/ics ( numb]s1 races1 places1 causes ( viol5ce--,uselessness ( lyn*+ 9 prev5t+ crime--,fairness 9 c>ry+ out ! laws--,increase ( crime among ! ,negroes--,reason = x--,responsibility ( bo? races4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,page #bjj ,population--,emigration to ! ,nor?--,morality ,nor? & ,s\?--,dang]s3 #a4 inc5di>y advice2 #b4 mob viol5ce2 #c4 disc\ragem5t2 #d4 newspap] exagg]ation2 #e4 lack ( education2 #f4 bad legislation--,negroes mu/ id5tify ) be/ int]e/s ( ! ,s\?--,unwise mission>y "w--,wise mission>y "w-- ,opportunity = indu/rial education--,! good /&+ ( bus9ess-educat$ ,negroes 9 ! ,s\?--,religion & morality--,ju/ice & appreciation com+ = ! ,negro race z x proves itself wor?y4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,9 ?is volume ,i %all n attempt to give ! orig9 & hi/ory ( ! ,negro race ei!r 9 ,africa or 9 ,am]ica4 ,my attempt is to deal only ) conditions t n[ exi/ & be> a relation to ! ,negro 9 ,am]ica & t are likely to exi/ 9 ! future4 ,9 discuss+ ! ,negro1 x is always to be borne 9 m9d t1 unlike all ! o!r inhabitants ( ,am]ica1 he came "h )\t 8 own cons5t2 9 fact1 0 compell$ to leave 8 own c\ntry & become a "p ( ano!r ?r\gh physical =ce4 ,x %\ld also be borne 9 m9d1 9 our ef=ts to *ange & improve ! pres5t condition ( ! ,negro1 t we are deal+ ) a race :i* _h little necessity to lab\r 9 its native c\ntry4 ,aft] be+ br\ght to ,am]ica1 ! ,negroes 7 =c$ to lab\r = ab\t #bej ye>s "u circum/ances :i* 7 calculat$ n to inspire !m ) love & respect = lab\r4 ,?is con/itutes a "p ( ! reason :y ,i insi/ t x is necess>y to emphasise ! matt] ( indu/rial education z a means ( giv+ ! black man ! f\ndation ( a civilisation ^u :i* he w gr[ & prosp]4 ,:5 ,i speak ( indu/rial education1 h[ev]1 ,i wi% x always und]/ood t ,i mean1 z did ,g5]al ,arm/rong1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,hampton ,in/itute1 = ?or\gh academic & religi\s tra9+ to g side by side ) indu/rial tra9+4 ,m]e tra9+ ( ! h& )\t ! culture ( bra9 & he>t w\ld mean little4 ,! fir/ slaves 7 br\ght into ?is c\ntry by ! ,dut* 9 #afai1 & 7 l&$ at ,jame/[n1 ,virg9ia4 ,! fir/ c>go consi/$ ( tw5ty4 ,! c5sus tak5 9 #ahij %[s t ^! tw5ty slaves _h increas$ to #g1fch1cfj4 ,ab\t #f1cec1cda ( ?is numb] 7 resid+ 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & #a1bhc1jbi 7 scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! ,nor!rn & ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,i ?9k ,i am pretty safe 9 pr$ict+ t ! c5sus to be tak5 9 #aijj w %[ t !re are n f> f t5 millions ( p ( ,african desc5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! great majority ( ^!1 ( c\rse1 reside 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,! problem is h[ to make ^! millions ( ,negroes self-support+1 intellig5t1 economical & valuable citiz5s1 z well z h[ to br+ ab\t prop] relations betwe5 !m & ! :ite citiz5s among :om !y live4 ,?is is ! "q ^u :i* ,i %all try to ?r[ "s light 9 ! *apt]s :i* foll[4 ,:5 ! ,negroes 7 fir/ br\ght to ,am]ica1 !y 7 own$ by :ite p 9 all sections ( ?is c\ntry1 z is well kn[n1--9 ! ,new ,engl&1 ! ,middle1 & 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,x 0 soon f\nd1 h[ev]1 t slave lab\r 0 n remun]ative 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 & = t reason by f> ! great] proportion ( ! slaves 7 held 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 :]e _! lab\r 9 rais+ cotton1 rice1 & sug>-cane 0 m productive4 ,! gr[? ( ! slave population 9 ,am]ica 0 con/ant & rapid4 ,beg9n+1 z ,i h /at$1 ) f\rte51 9 #afai1 ! numb] increas$ at su* a rate t ! total numb] ( ,negroes 9 ,am]ica 9 #ahjj 0 #a1jja1dfc4 ,?is numb] increas$ by #ahfj to #c1iej1jjj4 ,a few p pr$ict$ t fre$om w\ld result disa/r\sly to ! ,negro1 z f> z num]ical increase 0 conc]n$2 b s f> ! c5sus figures h fail$ to be> out ?is pr$iction4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! c5sus ( #ahij %[s t ! ,negro population _h increas$ f #c1iej1jjj 9 #ahfj to #g1fch1bfj tw5ty-five ye>s aft] ! w>4 ,x is my op9ion t ! rate ( increase 9 ! future w be /ill great] ?an x has be5 f ! close ( ! w> ( ! ,rebellion up to ! pres5t "t1 = ! reason t ! v sudd5 *anges :i* took place 9 ! life ( ! ,negro1 because ( hav+ 8 fre$om1 plung$ him into _m excesses t 7 detrim5tal to 8 physical well-be+4 ,( c\rse1 fre$om f\nd him unprep>$ 9 clo?+1 9 %elt] & 9 k ( h[ to c>e = 8 body4 ,dur+ slav]y ! slave "m _h little control ( h] own *ildr51 & did n !re=e h ! practice & exp]i5ce ( re>+ *ildr5 9 a suitable mann]4 ,n[ t ! ,negro is be+ taught 9 ?\s&s ( s*ools h[ to take c>e ( 8 body1 & 9 ?\s&s ( homes mo!rs are le>n+ h[ to control _! *ildr51 ,i believe t ! rate ( increase1 z ,i h /at$1 w be /ill great] ?an x has be5 9 ! pa/4 ,9 too _m cases ! ,negro _h ! idea t fre$om meant m]ely lic5se to d z he pleas$1 to "w or n to "w2 b ?is errone\s idea is m & m disappe>+1 by reason ( ! education 9 ! "r direction :i* ! ,negro is con/antly receiv+4 ,dur+ ! f\r ye>s t ! ,civil ,w> la/$1 ! great] proportion ( ! ,negroes rema9$ 9 ! ,s\?1 & work$ fai?fully = ! support ( _! ma/]s' families1 :o1 z a g5]al rule1 7 away 9 ! w>4 ,! self-control :i* ! ,negro exhibit$ dur+ ! w> m>ks1 x seems to me1 "o ( ! mo/ important *apt]s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! race4 ,not)/&+ he knew t 8 ma/] 0 away f home1 fight+ a battle :i*1 if successful1 w\ld result 9 8 cont9u$ enslavem5t1 yet he work$ fai?fully = ! support ( ! ma/]'s family4 ,if ! ,negro _h yield$ to ! temptation & sugge/ion to use ! tor* or dagg] 9 an attempt to de/roy 8 ma/]'s prop]ty & family1 ! result w\ld h be5 t ! w> w\ld h be5 end$ quickly2 = ! ma/] w\ld h return$ f ! battlefield to protect & def5d 8 prop]ty & family4 ,b ! ,negro to ! la/ 0 fai?ful to ! tru/ t _h be5 ?ru/ ^u him1 & dur+ ! f\r ye>s ( w> 9 :i* ! male memb]s ( ! family 7 abs5t f _! homes !re is n a s+le in/ance record$ :]e he 9 any way attempt$ to outrage ! family ( ! ma/] or 9 any way to injure 8 prop]ty4 ,n only is ?is true1 b all ?r\gh ! ye>s ( prep>ation = ! w> & dur+ ! w> itself ! ,negro %[$ himself to be an uncompromis+ fri5d to ! ,union4 ,9 fact1 ( all ! *>ges br\ght aga9/ him1 !re is sc>cely a s+le in/ance :]e "o has be5 *>g$ ) be+ a traitor to 8 c\ntry4 ,?is has be5 true :e!r he has be5 9 a /ate ( slav]y or 9 a /ate ( fre$om4 ,f #ahfe to #ahgf con/itut$ :at p]haps may be t]m$ ! days ( ,recon/ruction4 ,?is 0 ! p]iod :5 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates :i* _h )drawn f ! ,union 7 mak+ an ef=t to re9/ate !mselves & to e/abli% a p]man5t sy/em ( ,/ate gov]nm5t4 ,at ! close ( ! w> bo? ! ,s\!rn :ite man & ! ,negro f\nd !mselves 9 ! mid/ ( pov]ty4 ,! ex-ma/] return$ f ! w> to f9d 8 slave prop]ty gone1 8 f>ms & o!r indu/ries 9 a /ate ( collapse1 & ! :ole indu/rial or economic sy/em ^u :i* he _h dep5d$ = ye>s entirely disorganis$4 ,z we review calmly & dispassionately ! p]iod ( recon/ruction1 we mu/ use a great deal ( sympa?y & g5]osity4 ,! weak po9t1 to my m9d1 9 ! recon/ruction era 0 t no /rong =ce 0 br\ght to be> 9 ! direction ( prep>+ ! ,negro to become an intellig5t1 reliable citiz5 & vot]4 ,! ma9 ef=t seems to h be5 9 ! direction ( controll+ 8 vote = ! "t be+1 reg>dless ( future int]e/s4 ,i h>dly believe t any race ( p ) simil> prep>ation & simil> surr\nd+s w\ld h act$ m wisely or v diff]5tly f ! way ! ,negro act$ dur+ ! p]iod ( recon/ruction4 ,)\t exp]i5ce1 )\t prep>ation1 & 9 mo/ cases )\t ord9>y intellig5ce1 he 0 enc\rag$ to leave ! field & %op & ent] politics4 ,t "u su* circum/ances he %\ld h made mi/akes is v natural4 ,i d n believe t ! ,negro 0 s mu* at fault = ent]+ s l>gely into politics1 & = ! mi/akes t 7 made 9 too _m cases1 z 7 ! unscrupul\s :ite lead]s :o got ! ,negro's confid5ce & controll$ 8 vote to fur!r _! own ends1 reg>dless1 9 _m cases1 ( ! p]man5t welf>e ( ! ,negro4 ,i h always consid]$ x un=tunate t ! ,s\!rn :ite man did n make m ( an ef=t dur+ ! p]iod ( recon/ruction to get ! confid5ce & sympa?y ( ! ,negro1 & ?us h be5 able to keep him 9 close t\* & sympa?y 9 politics4 ,x 0 also un=tunate t ! ,negro 0 s completely ali5at$ f ! ,s\!rn :ite man 9 all political matt]s4 ,i ?9k x w\ld h be5 bett] = all conc]n$ if1 imm$iately aft] ! close ( ! w>1 an educational & prop]ty qualification = ! ex]cise ( ! fran*ise _h be5 prescrib$ t w\ld h appli$ fairly & squ>ely to bo? races1 &1 also1 if1 9 educat+ ! ,negro1 great] /ress _h be5 put ^u tra9+ him along ! l9es ( indu/ry = :i* 8 s]vices 7 9 ! greate/ dem& 9 ! ,s\?4 ,9 a ^w1 too mu* /ress 0 plac$ ^u ! m]e matt] ( vot+ & hold+ political (fice r ?an ^u ! prep>ation = ! highe/ citiz5%ip4 ,9 say+ :at ,i h1 ,i d n mean to convey ! impression t ! :ole p]iod ( recon/ruction 0 b>r5 ( fruitful results4 ,:ile x is n a v enc\rag+ *apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( our c\ntry1 ,i believe t ?is p]iod did s]ve to po9t out _m weak po9ts 9 our ef=t to elevate ! ,negro1 & t we are n[ tak+ advantage ( ! mi/akes t 7 made4 ,! p]iod ( recon/ruction s]v$ at lea/ to %[ ! _w t ) prop] prep>ation & ) a suffici5t f\ndation ! ,negro possesses ! elem5ts out ( :i* m5 ( ! highe/ "* & usefulness c be develop$4 ,i might "n sev]al *>act]s :o 7 br\ght be=e ! _w by reason ( ! recon/ruction p]iod4 ,i give "o z an example ( o!rs3 ,hon4 ,blan*e ,k4 ,bruce1 :o _h be5 a slave1 b :o held _m hon\rable positions 9 ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi1 includ+ an election to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 :]e he s]v$ a full t]m2 lat] he 0 twice appo9t$ ,regi/] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,treasury4 ,9 all ^! positions ,mr4 ,bruce gave ! greate/ satisfaction1 & n a s+le :isp] ( di%one/y or incompet5cy has ev] be5 he>d aga9/ him4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( 8 public life he 0 br\ght into active & daily contact ) ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn :ite p1 all ( :om speak ( him 9 ! highe/ measure ( respect & confid5ce4 ,:at ! ,negro wants & :at ! c\ntry wants to d is to take advantage ( all ! lessons t 7 taught dur+ ! days ( recon/ruction1 & apply ^! lessons bravely1 hone/ly1 9 lay+ ! f\ndation ^u :i* ! ,negro c /& 9 ! future & make himself a useful1 hon\rable1 & desirable citiz51 :e!r he has 8 resid5ce 9 ! ,nor?1 ! ,s\?1 or ! ,we/4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,9 ord] t ! read] may und]/& me & :y ,i lay s mu* /ress ^u ! importance ( pu%+ ! doctr9e ( indu/rial education = ! ,negro1 x is necess>y1 fir/ ( all1 to review ! condition ( affairs at ! pres5t "t 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,= ye>s ,i h _h some?+ ( an opportunity to /udy ! ,negro at fir/-h&2 & ,i feel t ,i "k him pretty well1--him & 8 ne$s1 8 failures & 8 successes1 8 desires & ! likelihood ( _! fulfilm5t4 ,i h /udi$ him & 8 relations ) 8 :ite neighb\rs1 & /riv5 to f9d h[ ^! relations may be made m conducive to ! g5]al peace & welf>e bo? ( ! ,s\? & ( ! c\ntry at l>ge4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re are tw5ty-two millions ( p :o are b\nd to ! fifty millions ( ! ,nor? by ties :i* nei!r c te> asund] if !y w\ld4 ,! mo/ intellig5t 9 a ,new ,york community has 8 intellig5ce d>k5$ by ! ignorance ( a fell[-citiz5 9 ! ,mississippi bottoms4 ,! mo/ weal?y 9 ,new ,york ,city w\ld be m weal?y b = ! pov]ty ( a fell[-be+ 9 ! ,c>ol9a rice swamps4 ,! mo/ moral & religi\s m5 9 ,massa*usetts h _! religion & morality modifi$ by ! degradation ( ! man 9 ! ,s\? ^: religion is a m]e matt] ( =m or ( emotionalism4 ,! vote ( ! man 9 ,ma9e t is ca/ = ! highe/ & pure/ =m ( gov]nm5t is l>gely neutralis$ by ! vote ( ! man 9 ,l\isiana ^: ballot is /ol5 or ca/ 9 ignorance4 ,!re=e1 :5 ! ,s\? is ignorant1 ! ,nor? is ignorant2 :5 ! ,s\? is poor1 ! ,nor? is poor2 :5 ! ,s\? commits crime1 ! nation commits crime4 ,= ! citiz5s ( ! ,nor? !re is no escape2 !y mu/ help raise ! "* ( ! civilisation 9 ! ,s\?1 or !irs w be l[]$4 ,no memb] ( ! :ite race 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry c h>m ! weake/ or meane/ memb] ( ! black race )\t ! pr\de/ & blue/ blood ( ! nation be+ degrad$4 ,x seems to me t !re nev] 0 a "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry :5 ^? int]e/$ 9 education %\ld ! m e>ne/ly consid] to :at ext5t ! m]e acquir+ ( ! ability to read & write1 ! m]e acquisition ( a k ( lit]ature & sci5ce1 makes m5 produc]s1 lov]s ( lab\r1 indep5d5t1 hone/1 unselfi%1 &1 above all1 good4 ,call education by :at "n y please1 if x fails to br+ ab\t ^! results among ! masses1 x falls %ort ( its highe/ end4 ,! sci5ce1 ! art1 ! lit]ature1 t fails to rea* d[n & br+ ! humble/ up to ! enjoym5t ( ! fulle/ bless+s ( our gov]nm5t1 is weak1 no matt] h[ co/ly ! build+s or app>atus us$ or h[ mod]n ! me?ods ( in/ruction employ$4 ,! /udy ( ari?metic t does n result 9 mak+ m5 consci5ti\s 9 receiv+ & c\nt+ ! ballots ( _! fell[-m5 is faulty4 ,! /udy ( art t does n result 9 mak+ ! /rong less will+ to oppress ! weak means little4 ,h[ ,i wi% t f ! mo/ cultur$ & highly end[$ univ]sity 9 ! great ,nor? to ! humble/ log cab9 s*ool-h\se 9 ,alabama1 we c\ld burn1 z x 71 into ! he>ts & heads ( all t usefulness1 t s]vice to our bro!r1 is ! supreme end ( education4 ,putt+ ! ?\ght m directly z x applies to conditions 9 ! ,s\?1 c y make ! intellig5ce ( ! ,nor? affect ! ,s\? 9 ! same ratio t ! ignorance ( ! ,s\? affects ! ,nor?8 ,let u take a n improbable case3 ,a great national case is to be decid$1 "o t involves peace or w>1 ! hon\r or di%on\r ( our nation1--yea1 ! v exi/5ce ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! ,nor? & ,we/ are divid$4 ,!re are five million votes to be ca/ 9 ! ,s\?2 &1 ( ?is numb]1 "o-half are ignorant4 ,n only are "o-half ! vot]s ignorant2 b1 because ( ! ignorant votes !y ca/1 corruption & di%one/y 9 a doz5 =ms h crept into ! ex]cise ( ! political fran*ise to su* an ext5t t ! consci5ce ( ! intellig5t class is se>$ 9 its attempts to defeat ! w ( ! ignorant vot]s4 ,"h1 !n1 y h on ! "o h& an ignorant vote1 on ! o!r an intellig5t vote m9us a consci5ce4 ,! "t may n be f> (f :5 to ?is k9d ( jury we %all h to look = ! votes :i* %all decide 9 a l>ge measure ! de/9y ( our democratic in/itutions4 ,:5 a great national calamity />es u 9 ! face1 we are1 ,i fe>1 too mu* giv5 to dep5d+ on a %ort campaign ( education to d on ! hu/+s :at %\ld h be5 accompli%$ 9 ! s*ool4 ,) ?is idea 9 view1 let u exam9e ) m c>e ! condition ( civilisation 9 ! ,s\?1 & ! "w to be done !re be=e all classes w be fit = ! high duties ( citiz5%ip4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! ,negro race1 ,i am confront$ ) "s emb>rassm5t at ! outset1 because ( ! v>i\s & conflict+ op9ions z to :at is to be its f9al place 9 our economic & political life4 ,)9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s--&1 ,i might add1 )9 ! la/ ?ree mon?s1--x has be5 prov5 by em95t au?ority t ! ,negro is increas+ 9 numb]s s fa/ t x is only a "q ( a few ye>s be=e he w f> outnumb] ! :ite race 9 ! ,s\?1 & x has also be5 prov5 t ! ,negro is fa/ dy+ out1 & x is only a "q ( a few ye>s be=e he w h completely disappe>$4 ,x has also be5 prov5 t education helps ! ,negro & t education hurts him1 t he is fa/ leav+ ! ,s\? & tak+ up 8 resid5ce 9 ! ,nor? & ,we/1 & t 8 t5d5cy is to drift t[>d ! l[ l&s ( ! ,mississippi bottoms4 ,x has be5 prov5 t education unfits ! ,negro = "w & t education makes him m valuable z a lab\r]1 t he is our greate/ crim9al & t he is our mo/ law-abid+ citiz54 ,9 ! mid/ ( ^! conflict+ op9ions1 x is h>d to hit ^u ! tru?4 ,b1 also1 9 ! mid/ ( ?is confusion1 !re are a few ?+s ( :i* ,i am c]ta91--?+s :i* furni% a basis = ?\ght & action4 ,i "k t :e!r ! ,negroes are increas+ or decreas+1 :e!r !y are gr[+ bett] or worse1 :e!r !y are valuable or valueless1 t a few ye>s ago "s f\rte5 ( !m 7 br\ght into ?is c\ntry1 & t n[ ^? f\rte5 are ne>ly t5 millions4 ,i "k t1 :e!r 9 slav]y or fre$om1 !y h always be5 loyal to ! ,/>s & ,/ripes1 t no s*ool-h\se has be5 op5$ = !m t has n be5 fill$1 t ! #b1jjj1jjj ballots t !y h ! "r to ca/ are z pot5t = weal or woe z an equal numb] ca/ by ! wise/ & mo/ influ5tial m5 9 ,am]ica4 ,i "k t :]ev] ,negro life t\*es ! life ( ! nation x helps or x h9d]s1 t :]ev] ! life ( ! :ite race t\*es ! black x makes x /rong] or weak]4 ,fur!r1 ,i "k t almo/ e o!r race t has tri$ to look ! :ite man 9 ! face has disappe>$4 ,i "k1 despite all ! conflict+ op9ions1 & ) a full k ( all ! ,negroes' weaknesses1 t only a few c5turies ago !y w5t into slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry pagans1 t !y came out ,*ri/ians2 !y w5t into slav]y z s mu* prop]ty1 !y came out ,am]ican citiz5s2 !y w5t into slav]y )\t a language1 !y came out speak+ ! pr\d ,anglo-,saxon tongue2 !y w5t into slav]y ) ! *a9s clank+ ab\t _! wri/s1 !y came out ) ! ,am]ican ballot 9 _! h&s4 ,i submit x to ! c&id & sob] judgm5t ( all m51 if a race t is capable ( su* a te/1 su* a trans=mation1 is n wor? sav+ & mak+ a "p1 9 reality z well z 9 "n1 ( our democratic gov]nm5t4 ,t ! ,negro may be fitt$ = ! fulle/ enjoym5t ( ! privileges & responsibilities ( our citiz5%ip1 x is important t ! nation be hone/ & c&id ) him1 :e!r hone/y & c&\r = ! "t be+ pleases or displeases him4 ,x is ) an ignorant race z x is ) a *ild3 x craves at fir/ ! sup]ficial1 ! ornam5tal signs ( progress r ?an ! reality4 ,! ignorant race is tempt$ to jump1 at "o b\nd1 to ! position t x has requir$ ye>s ( h>d /ruggle = o!rs to rea*4 ,x seems to me t1 z a g5]al ?+1 ! temptation 9 ! pa/ 9 educational & mission>y "w has be5 to d = ! new p t :i* 0 done a ?\s& ye>s ago1 or t :i* is be+ done = a p a ?\s& miles away1 )\t mak+ a c>eful /udy ( ! ne$s & conditions ( ! p :om x is design$ to help4 ,! temptation is to run all p ?r\gh a c]ta9 educational m\ld1 reg>dless ( ! condition ( ! subject or ! end to be accompli%$4 ,?is has be5 ! case too (t5 9 ! ,s\? 9 ! pa/1 ,i am sure4 ,m5 h tri$ to use1 ) ^! simple p j fre$ f slav]y & ) no pa/1 no inh]it$ traditions ( le>n+1 ! same me?ods ( education :i* !y h us$ 9 ,new ,engl&1 ) all its inh]it$ traditions & desires4 ,! ,negro is beh9d ! :ite man because he has n _h ! same *ance1 & n f any inh]5t diff]5ce 9 8 nature & desires4 ,:at ! race accompli%es 9 ^! fir/ fifty ye>s ( fre$om w at ! end ( ^! ye>s1 9 a l>ge measure1 con/itute its pa/4 ,x is1 inde$1 a responsibility t re/s ^u ?is nation1--! f\ndation lay+ = a p ( its pa/1 pres5t1 & future at "o & ! same "t4 ,"o ( ! weake/ po9ts 9 connection ) ! pres5t developm5t ( ! race is t s _m get ! idea t ! m]e fill+ ( ! head ) a k ( ma!matics1 ! sci5ces1 & lit]ature1 means success 9 life4 ,let x be und]/ood1 9 e corn] ( ! ,s\?1 among ! ,negro y\? at lea/1 t k w b5efit little except z x is h>ness$1 except z its p[] is po9t$ 9 a direction t w be> ^u ! pres5t ne$s & condition ( ! race4 ,!re is 9 ! heads ( ! ,negro y\? ( ! ,s\? en\gh g5]al & float+ k ( *emi/ry1 ( botany1 ( zoology1 ( geology1 ( me*anics1 ( electricity1 ( ma!matics1 to recon/ruct & develop a l>ge "p ( ! agricultural1 me*anical1 & dome/ic life ( ! race4 ,b h[ mu* ( x is br\ght to a focus along l9es ( practical "w8 ,9 cities ( ! ,s\? l ,atlanta1 h[ _m col\r$ me*anical eng9e]s are !re8 or h[ _m ma*9i/s8 h[ _m civil eng9e]s8 h[ _m ar*itects8 h[ _m h\se decorators8 ,9 ! :ole ,/ate ( ,georgia1 :]e eighty p] c5t4 ( ! col\r$ p dep5d ^u agriculture1 h[ _m m5 are !re :o are well gr\nd$ 9 ! pr9ciples & practices ( sci5tific f>m+8 or dairy "w8 or fruit culture8 or floriculture8 ,= example1 n v long ago ,i _h a conv]sation ) a "y col\r$ man :o is a graduate ( "o ( ! prom95t univ]sities ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! fa!r ( ?is man is comp>atively ignorant1 b by h>d "w & ! ex]cise ( common s5se he has become ! own] ( two ?\s& acres ( l&4 ,he owns m ?an a score ( horses1 c[s1 & mules & sw9e 9 l>ge numb]s1 & is consid]$ a prosp]\s f>m]4 ,9 college ! son ( ?is f>m] has /udi$ *emi/ry1 botany1 zoology1 survey+1 & political economy4 ,9 my conv]sation ,i ask$ ?is "y man h[ _m acres 8 fa!r cultivat$ 9 cotton & h[ _m 9 corn4 ,) a f>-(f gaze up into ! heav5s he answ]$ t he did n "k4 ,:5 ,i ask$ him ! classification ( ! soils on 8 fa!r's f>m1 he did n "k4 ,he did n "k h[ _m horses or c[s 8 fa!r own$ nor ( :at bre$s !y 71 & seem$ surpris$ t he %\ld be ask$ su* que/ions4 ,x nev] seem$ to h ent]$ 8 m9d t on 8 fa!r's f>m 0 ! place to make 8 *emi/ry1 8 ma!matics1 & 8 lit]ature p5etrate & reflect itself 9 e acre ( l&1 e bu%el ( corn1 e c[1 & e pig4 ,let me give o!r examples ( ?is mi/ak5 sort ( education4 ,:5 a m]e boy1 ,i saw a "y col\r$ man1 :o _h sp5t sev]al ye>s 9 s*ool1 sitt+ 9 a common cab9 9 ! ,s\?1 /udy+ a ,fr5* gramm>4 ,i not$ ! pov]ty1 ! untid9ess1 ! want ( sy/em & ?rift1 t exi/$ ab\t ! cab91 not)/&+ 8 k ( ,fr5* & o!r academic /udies4 ,aga91 n long ago ,i saw a col\r$ m9i/] prep>+ 8 ,sunday s]mon j z ! ,new ,engl& m9i/] prep>es 8 s]mon4 ,b ?is col\r$ m9i/] 0 9 a brok5-d[n1 leaky1 r5t$ log cab91 ) we$s 9 ! y>d1 surr\nd$ by evid5ces ( pov]ty1 fil?1 & want ( ?rift4 ,?is m9i/] _h sp5t "s "t 9 s*ool /udy+ !ology4 ,h[ mu* bett] x w\ld h be5 to h _h ?is m9i/] taught ! dignity ( lab\r1 taught !oretical & practical f>m+ 9 connection ) 8 !ology1 s t he c\ld h add$ to 8 meagre sal>y1 & set an example = 8 p 9 ! matt] ( liv+ 9 a dec5t h\se1 & hav+ a k ( correct f>m+6 ,9 a ^w1 ?is m9i/] %\ld h be5 taught t 8 condition1 & t ( 8 p1 0 n t ( a ,new ,engl& community2 & he %\ld h be5 s tra9$ z to meet ! actual ne$s & conditions ( ! col\r$ p 9 ?is community1 s t a f\ndation might be laid t w\ld1 9 ! future1 make a community l ,new ,engl& communities4 ,s9ce ! ,civil ,w>1 no "o object has be5 m misund]/ood ?an t ( ! object & value ( indu/rial education = ! ,negro4 ,to beg9 )1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! condition t exi/$ 9 ! ,s\? imm$iately aft] ! w>1 & t n[ exi/s1 is a peculi> "o1 )\t a p>allel 9 hi/ory4 ,?is be+ true1 x seems to me t ! wise & hone/ ?+ to d is to make a /udy ( ! actual condition & environm5t ( ! ,negro1 & d t :i* is be/ = him1 reg>dless ( :e!r ! same ?+ has be5 done = ano!r race 9 exactly ! same way4 ,!re are ^? among ! :ite race & ^? among ! black race :o ass]t1 ) a good deal ( e>ne/ness1 t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! :ite man & ! black man 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,?is s\nds v pleasant & tickles ! fancy2 b1 :5 ! te/ ( h>d1 cold logic is appli$ to x1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t !re is a diff]5ce1--n an inh]5t "o1 n a racial "o1 b a diff]5ce gr[+ out ( unequal opportunities 9 ! pa/4 ,if ,i may be p]mitt$ to criticise ! educational "w t has be5 done 9 ! ,s\?1 ,i w\ld say t ! weak po9t has be5 9 ! failure to recognise ?is diff]5ce4 ,negro education1 imm$iately aft] ! w> 9 mo/ cases1 0 begun too ne>ly at ! po9t :]e ,new ,engl& education _h end$4 ,let me illu/rate4 ,"o ( ! sadde/ sights ,i ev] saw 0 ! plac+ ( a ?ree hundr$ doll> rosewood piano 9 a c\ntry s*ool 9 ! ,s\? t 0 locat$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,black ,belt4 ,am ,i argu+ aga9/ ! tea*+ ( in/rum5tal music to ! ,negroes 9 t community8 ,n at all2 only ,i %\ld h def]r$ ^? music lessons ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,!re are numb]s ( su* pianos 9 ?\s&s ( ,new ,engl& homes4 ,b beh9d ! piano 9 ! ,new ,engl& home !re are "o hundr$ ye>s ( toil1 sacrifice1 & economy2 !re is ! small manufactur+ indu/ry1 />t$ sev]al ye>s ago by h& p[]1 n[ gr[n into a great bus9ess2 !re is own]%ip 9 l&1 a com=table home1 free f debt1 & a bank acc\nt4 ,9 ?is ,black ,belt community :]e ?is piano w5t1 f\r-fif?s ( ! p own$ no l&1 _m liv$ 9 r5t$ "o-room cab9s1 _m 7 9 debt = food supplies1 _m mortgag$ _! crops = ! food on :i* to live1 & n "o _h a bank acc\nt4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ mu* wis] x w\ld h be5 to h taught ! girls 9 ?is community sew+1 intellig5t & economical cook+1 h\sekeep+1 some?+ ( dairy+ & horticulture8 ,! boys %\ld h be5 taught some?+ ( f>m+ 9 connection ) _! common-s*ool education1 in/ead ( awak5+ 9 !m a desire = a musical in/rum5t :i* result$ 9 _! p>5ts go+ into debt = a ?ird-rate piano or organ be=e a home 0 pur*as$4 ,indu/rial lessons w\ld h awak5$1 9 ?is community1 a desire = homes1 & w\ld h giv5 ! p ! ability to free !mselves f indu/rial slav]y to ! ext5t t mo/ ( !m w\ld h soon pur*as$ homes4 ,aft] ! home & ! necess>ies ( life 7 suppli$ c\ld come ! piano4 ,"o piano lesson 9 a home ( "o's own is wor? tw5ty 9 a r5t$ log cab94 ,all t ,i h j writt51 & ! v>i\s examples illu/rat+ x1 %[ ! pres5t helpless condition ( my p 9 ! ,s\?1--h[ fe>fully !y lack ! prim>y tra9+ = good liv+ & good citiz5%ip1 h[ mu* !y /& 9 ne$ ( a solid f\ndation on :i* to build _! future success4 ,i believe1 z ,i h _m times said 9 my v>i\s addresses 9 ! ,nor? & 9 ! ,s\?1 t ! ma9 reason = ! exi/5ce ( ?is curi\s /ate ( affairs is ! lack ( practical tra9+ 9 ! ways ( life4 ,!re is1 too1 a great lack ( money ) :i* to c>ry on ! educational "w 9 ! ,s\?4 ,i 0 9 a c\nty 9 a ,s\!rn ,/ate n long ago :]e !re are "s ?irty ?\s& col\r$ p & ab\t sev5 ?\s& :ites4 ,9 ?is c\nty n a s+le public s*ool = ,negroes _h be5 op5 t ye> long] ?an ?ree mon?s1 n a s+le col\r$ tea*] _h be5 paid m ?an #ae p] mon? = 8 tea*+4 ,n "o ( ^! s*ools 0 taught 9 a build+ t 0 wor?y ( ! "n ( s*ool-h\se4 ,9 ?is c\nty ! ,/ate or public au?orities d n own a s+le doll>'s wor? ( s*ool prop]ty1--n a s*ool-h\se1 a blackbo>d1 or a piece ( crayon4 ,ea* col\r$ *ild _h _h sp5t on him t ye> = 8 education ab\t fifty c5ts1 :ile ea* *ild 9 ,new ,york or ,massa*usetts _h _h sp5t on him t ye> = education n f> f #bj4 ,& yet ea* citiz5 ( ?is c\nty is expect$ to %>e ! burd5s & privileges ( our democratic =m ( gov]nm5t j z intellig5tly & consci5ti\sly z ! citiz5s ( ,new ,york or ,bo/on4 ,a vote 9 ?is c\nty means z mu* to ! nation z a vote 9 ! city ( ,bo/on4 ,crime 9 ?is c\nty is z truly an arr[ aim$ at ! he>t ( ! gov]nm5t z a crime committ$ 9 ! /reets ( ,bo/on4 ,a s+le s*ool-h\se built ?is ye> 9 a t[n ne> ,bo/on to %elt] ab\t ?ree hundr$ pupils co/ m = build+ alone ?an is sp5t ye>ly = ! education1 includ+ build+s1 app>atus1 tea*]s1 = ! :ole col\r$ s*ool population ( ,alabama4 ,! ,commission] ( ,education = ! ,/ate ( ,georgia n long ago report$ to ! ,/ate legislature t 9 t ,/ate !re 7 two hundr$ ?\s& *ildr5 t _h ent]$ no s*ool ! ye> pa/ & "o hundr$ ?\s& m :o 7 at s*ool b a few days1 mak+ practically ?ree hundr$ ?\s& *ildr5 betwe5 six & eighte5 ye>s ( age t are gr[+ up 9 ignorance 9 "o ,s\!rn ,/ate alone4 ,! same report /at$ t outside ( ! cities & t[ns1 :ile ! av]age numb] ( s*ool-h\ses 9 a c\nty 0 sixty1 all ( ^! sixty s*ool-h\ses 7 wor? 9 lump less ?an #b1jjj1 & ! report fur!r add$ t _m ( ! s*ool-h\ses 9 ,georgia 7 n fit = horse /ables4 ,i am glad to say1 h[ev]1 t va/ improvem5t ov] ?is condition is be+ made 9 ,georgia "u ! inspir$ lead]%ip ( ,/ate ,commission] ,gl5n1 & 9 ,alabama "u ! no less zeal\s lead]%ip ( ,commission] ,ab]crombie4 ,^! illu/rations1 s f> z !y conc]n ! ,gulf ,/ates1 are n exceptional cases2 nor are !y ov]drawn4 ,until !re is indu/rial indep5d5ce1 x is h>dly possible to h good liv+ & a pure ballot 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts4 ,9 ^! ,/ates x is safe to say t n m ?an "o black man 9 tw5ty owns ! l& he cultivates4 ,:]e s l>ge a proportion ( a p are dep5d5t1 live 9 o!r p's h\ses1 eat o!r p's food1 & we> clo!s !y h n paid =1 x is pretty h>d to expect !m to live fairly & vote hone/ly4 ,i h ?us f> ref]r$ ma9ly to ! ,negro race4 ,b !re is ano!r side4 ,! long] ,i live & ! m ,i /udy ! "q1 ! m ,i am conv9c$ t x is n s mu* a problem z to :at ! :ite man w d ) ! ,negro z :at ! ,negro w d ) ! :ite man & 8 civilisation4 ,9 consid]+ ?is side ( ! subject1 ,i ?ank ,god t ,i h gr[n to ! po9t :]e ,i c sympa?ise ) a :ite man z mu* z ,i c sympa?ise ) a black man4 ,i h gr[n to ! po9t :]e ,i c sympa?ise ) a ,s\!rn :ite man z mu* z ,i c sympa?ise ) a ,nor!rn :ite man4 ,z be>+ ^u ! future ( our civilisation1 ,i ask ( ! ,nor? :at ( _! :ite bre?r5 9 ! ,s\?1--^? :o h suff]$ & are /ill suff]+ ! consequ5ces ( ,am]ican slav]y1 = :i* bo? ,nor? & ,s\? 7 responsible8 ,^? ( ! great & prosp]\s ,nor? /ill owe to _! less =tunate bre?r5 ( ! ,caucasian race 9 ! ,s\?1 n less ?an to !mselves1 a s]i\s & uncomplet$ duty4 ,:at 0 ! task ! ,nor? ask$ ! ,s\? to p]=m8 ,return+ to _! de/itute homes aft] ye>s ( w> to face bla/$ hopes1 deva/ation1 a %att]$ indu/rial sy/em1 !y ask$ !m to add to _! own burd5s t ( prep>+ 9 education1 politics1 & economics1 9 a few %ort ye>s1 = citiz5%ip1 f\r millions ( =m] slaves4 ,t ! ,s\?1 /agg]+ "u ! burd51 made blund]s1 & t 9 a measure !re has be5 disappo9tm5t1 no "o ne$ be surpris$4 ,! educators1 ! /atesm51 ! philan?ropi/s1 h imp]fectly compreh5d$ _! duty t[>d ! millions ( poor :ites 9 ! ,s\? :o 7 buffet$ = two hundr$ ye>s betwe5 slav]y & fre$om1 betwe5 civilisation & degradation1 :o 7 disreg>d$ by bo? ma/] & slave4 ,x ne$s no prophet to tell ! "* ( our future civilisation :5 ! poor :ite boy 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts ( ! ,s\? receives "o doll>'s wor? ( education & ! boy ( ! same class 9 ! ,nor? tw5ty doll>s' wor?1 :5 "o nev] ent]s a read+-room or libr>y & ! o!r has read+-rooms & libr>ies 9 e w>d & t[n1 :5 "o he>s lectures & s]mons once 9 two mon?s & ! o!r c he> a lecture or a s]mon e day 9 ! ye>4 ,! "t has come1 x seems to me1 :5 9 ?is matt] we %\ld rise above p>ty or race or sectionalism into ! region ( duty ( man to man1 ( citiz5 to citiz51 ( ,*ri/ian to ,*ri/ian2 & if ! ,negro1 :o has be5 oppress$ & d5i$ 8 rights 9 a ,*ri/ian l&1 c help ! :ites ( ! ,nor? & ,s\? to rise1 c be ! inspiration ( _! ris+1 into ?is atmosph]e ( g5]\s ,*ri/ian bro!rhood & self-=getfulness1 he w see 9 x a recomp5se = all t he has suff]$ 9 ! pa/4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,9 ! he>t ( ! ,black ,belt ( ! ,s\? 9 ante-bellum days !re 0 a l>ge e/ate1 ) palatial mansion1 surr\nd$ by a beautiful grove1 9 :i* grew fl[]s & %rubb]y ( e description4 ,magnific5t specim5s ( animal life graz$ 9 ! fields1 & 9 gra9 & all mann] ( plant gr[? ?is e/ate 0 a model4 ,9 a ^w1 x 0 ! highe/ type ( ! product ( slave labor4 ,!n came ! long ye>s ( w>1 !n fre$om1 !n ! try+ ye>s ( recon/ruction4 ,! ma/] return$ f ! w> to f9d ! fai?ful slaves :o _h be5 ! bulw>k ( ?is h\sehold 9 possession ( _! fre$om4 ,!n !re began t social & indu/rial revolution 9 ! ,s\? :i* x is h>d = any :o 0 n really a "p ( x to appreciate or und]/&4 ,gradually1 day by day1 ?is ex-ma/] began to realise1 ) a feel+ almo/ indescribable1 to :at an ext5t he & 8 family _h gr[n to be dep5d5t ^u ! activity & fai?fulness ( 8 slaves2 began to appreciate to :at an ext5t slav]y _h sapp$ 8 s9ews ( /r5g? & indep5d5ce1 h[ 8 dep5d5ce ^u slave lab\r _h depriv$ him & 8 (fspr+ ( ! b5efit ( te*nical & indu/rial tra9+1 &1 wor/ ( all1 _h unconsci\sly l$ him to see 9 lab\r drudg]y & degradation in/ead ( beauty1 dignity1 & civilis+ p[]4 ,at fir/ !re 0 a halt 9 ?is man's life4 ,he curs$ ! ,nor? & he curs$ ! ,negro4 ,!n !re 0 despair1 almo/ utt] hopelessness1 ov] 8 weak & *ildlike condition4 ,! temptation 0 to =get all 9 dr9k1 & to ?is temptation !re 0 a gradual yield+4 ,) ! loss ( physical vig\r came ! loss ( m5tal grasp & pride 9 surr\nd+s4 ,!re 0 ! fall+ (f ( a piece ( pla/] f ! walls ( ! h\se :i* 0 n replac$1 !n ano!r & /ill ano!r4 ,gradually1 ! w9d[-panes began to disappe>1 !n ! door-knobs4 ,t\*es ( pa9t & :itewa%1 :i* once help$ to give life1 7 no m to be se54 ,! h+es disappe>$ f ! gate1 !n a bo>d f ! f5ce1 !n o!rs 9 quick succession4 ,we$s & unm[n grass cov]$ ! once well-kept lawn4 ,sometimes !re 7 s]vants = dome/ic duties1 & sometimes !re 7 none4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( s]vants ! unsatisfactory condition ( ! food told t x 0 be+ prep>$ by h&s uns*ool$ to su* duties4 ,z ! ye>s pass$ by1 debts accumulat$ 9 e direction4 ,! education ( ! *ildr5 0 neglect$4 ,l[] & l[] sank ! indu/rial1 f9ancial1 & spiritual condition ( ! h\sehold4 ,= ! fir/ "t ! awful tru? ( ,scripture1 ,:atsoev] a man s[e?1 t %all he also reap1 seem$ to dawn ^u him ) a reality t x is h>d = mortal to appreciate4 ,)9 a few mon?s ! :ole mi/ake ( slav]y seem$ to h conc5trat$ itself ^u ?is h\sehold4 ,& ?is 0 "o ( _m4 ,we h se5 h[ ! end+ ( slav]y & ! beg9n+ ( fre$om produc$ n only a %ock1 b a /&-/ill1 & 9 _m cases a collapse1 t la/$ sev]al ye>s 9 ! life ( _m :ite m54 ,if ! sudd5 *ange ?us affect$ ! :ite man1 %\ld ?is n tea* u t we %\ld h m sympa?y ?an has be5 %[n 9 _m cases ) ! ,negro 9 connection ) 8 new & *ang$ life8 ,t !y made _m mi/akes1 plung$ into excesses1 und]took responsibilities = :i* !y 7 n fitt$1 9 _m cases took lib]ty to mean lic5se1 is n to be wond]$ at4 ,x is my op9ion t ! next =ty ye>s are go+ to %[ by _m p] c5t4 a high] degree ( progress 9 ! life ( ! ,negro along all l9es ?an has be5 %[n dur+ ! fir/ ?irty ye>s ( 8 life4 ,c]ta9ly1 ! fir/ ?irty ye>s ( ! ,negro's life 0 "o ( exp]im5t2 & consequ5tly1 "u su* conditions1 he 0 n able to settle d[n to real1 e>ne/1 h>d common s5se ef=ts to bett] 8 condition4 ,:ile ?is 0 true 9 a great _m cases1 on ! o!r h& a l>ge proportion ( ! race1 ev5 f ! fir/1 saw :at 0 ne$$ = _! new life1 & began to settle d[n to lead an indu/ri\s1 frugal exi/5ce1 & to educate _! *ildr5 & 9 e way prep>e !mselves = ! responsibilities ( ,am]ican citiz5%ip4 ,! wond] is t ! ,negro has made z few mi/akes z he has1 :5 we consid] all ! surr\nd+ circum/ances4 ,columns ( figures h be5 glean$ f ! c5sus reports )9 ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury to %[ ! great am\nt ( crime committ$ by ! ,negro 9 excess ( t committ$ by o!r races4 ,no "o w d5y ! fact t ! proportion ( crime by ! pres5t g5]ation ( ,negroes is s]i\sly l>ge1 b ,i believe t any o!r race ) ! ,negro's hi/ory & pres5t environm5t w\ld h %[n ab\t ! same crim9al record4 ,ano!r consid]ation :i* we mu/ always be> 9 m9d 9 consid]+ ! ,negro is t he _h practically no home life 9 slav]y2 t is1 ! "m & fa!r did n h ! responsibility1 & consequ5tly ! exp]i5ce1 ( tra9+ _! own *ildr54 ,! matt] ( *ild tra9+ 0 left to ! ma/] & mi/ress4 ,consequ5tly1 x has only be5 )9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s t ! ,negro p>5ts h _h ! actual responsibility & exp]i5ce ( tra9+ _! own *ildr54 ,t !y h made "s mi/akes 9 ?us tra9+ !m is n to be wond]$ at4 ,_m families scatt]$ ov] all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h n yet be5 able to br+ !mselves toge!r4 ,:5 ! ,negro p>5ts %all h _h ?irty or =ty additional ye>s 9 :i* to f\nd homes & get exp]i5ce 9 ! tra9+ ( _! *ildr51 ,i believe t we w f9d t ! am\nt ( crime w be consid]ably less ?an x is n[ %[n to be4 ,9 too l>ge a measure ! ,negro race began its developm5t at ! wrong end1 simply because nei!r :ite nor black und]/ood ! case2 & no wond]1 = !re _h nev] be5 su* a case 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,to %[ :]e ?is prim>y mi/ake has l$ 9 its evil results1 ,i wi% to produce "s examples %[+ pla9ly h[ prone we h be5 to make our education =mal1 sup]ficial1 in/ead ( mak+ x meet ! ne$s ( conditions4 ,9 ord] to emphasise ! matt] m fully1 ,i repeat1 at lea/ eighty p] c5t4 ( ! col\r$ p 9 ! ,s\? are f\nd 9 ! rural di/ricts1 & !y are dep5d5t on agriculture 9 "s =m = _! support4 ,not)/&+ t we h practically a :ole race dep5d5t ^u agriculture1 & not)/&+ t ?irty ye>s h pass$ s9ce our fre$om1 aside f :at has be5 done at ,hampton & ,tuskegee & "o or two o!r in/itutions1 b v little has be5 attempt$ by ,/ate or philan?ropy 9 ! way ( educat+ ! race 9 ?is "o indu/ry ^u :i* its v exi/5ce dep5ds4 ,boys h be5 tak5 f ! f>ms & educat$ 9 law1 !ology1 ,hebrew & ,greek1--educat$ 9 ev]y?+ else except ! v subject t !y %\ld "k mo/ ab\t4 ,i "q :e!r among all ! educat$ col\r$ p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates y c f9d six1 if we except ^? f ! in/itutions nam$1 :o h receiv$ any?+ l a ?or\gh tra9+ 9 agriculture4 ,x w\ld h seem$ t1 s9ce self-support1 indu/rial indep5d5ce1 is ! fir/ condition = lift+ up any race1 t education 9 !oretical & practical agriculture1 horticulture1 dairy+1 & /ock-rais+1 %\ld h occupi$ ! fir/ place 9 our sy/em4 ,"s "t ago1 :5 we decid$ to make tailor+ a "p ( our tra9+ at ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute1 ,i 0 amaz$ to f9d t x 0 almo/ impossible to f9d 9 ! :ole c\ntry an educat$ col\r$ man :o c\ld tea* ! mak+ ( clo?+4 ,we c\ld f9d !m by ! score :o c\ld tea* a/ronomy1 !ology1 gramm>1 or ,lat91 b almo/ none :o c\ld in/ruct 9 ! mak+ ( clo?+1 some?+ t has to be us$ by e "o ( u e day 9 ! ye>4 ,h[ (t5 has my he>t be5 made to s9k z ,i h gone ?r\gh ! ,s\? & into ! homes ( p1 & f\nd wom5 :o c\ld conv]se intellig5tly on ,grecian hi/ory1 :o _h /udi$ geometry1 c\ld analyse ! mo/ complex s5t5ces1 & yet c\ld n analyse ! poorly cook$ & /ill m poorly s]v$ corn bread & fat meat t !y & _! families 7 eat+ ?ree times a day6 ,x is little tr\ble to f9d girls :o c locate ,pek9 or ! ,des]t ( ,sah>a on an artificial globe1 b seldom c y f9d "o :o c locate on an actual d9n] table ! prop] place = ! c>v+ knife & =k or ! meat & vegetables4 ,a %ort "t ago1 9 "o ( ! ,s\!rn cities1 a col\r$ man di$ :o _h receiv$ tra9+ z a skill$ me*anic dur+ ! days ( slav]y4 ,lat] by 8 skill & indu/ry he built up a great bus9ess z a h\se contractor & build]4 ,9 ?is same city !re are #ce1jjj col\r$ p1 among !m "y m5 :o h be5 well educat$ 9 ! languages & 9 lit]ature2 b n a s+le "o c\ld be f\nd :o _h be5 s tra9$ 9 me*anical & ar*itectural draw+ t he c\ld c>ry on ! bus9ess :i* ?is ex-slave _h built up1 & s x 0 soon scatt]$ to ! w9d4 ,aside f ! "w done 9 ! in/itutions t ,i h m5tion$1 y c f9d almo/ no col\r$ m5 :o h be5 tra9$ 9 ! pr9ciples ( ar*itecture1 not)/&+ ! fact t a va/ majority ( our race are )\t homes4 ,"h1 !n1 are ! ?ree prime conditions = gr[?1 = civilisation1--food1 clo?+1 %elt]2 & yet we h be5 ! slaves ( =ms & cu/oms to su* an ext5t t we h fail$ 9 a l>ge measure to look matt]s squ>ely 9 ! face & meet actual ne$s4 ,x may well be ask$ by "o :o has n c>efully consid]$ ! matt]3 ,:at has become ( all ^? skill$ f>m-h&s t us$ to be on ! old plantations8 ,:]e are ^? wond]ful cooks we he> ab\t1 :]e ^? exquisitely tra9$ h\se s]vants1 ^? cab9et mak]s1 & ! jacks-(-all-trades t 7 ! pride ( ! ,s\?8 ,?is is easily answ]$1--!y are mo/ly dead4 ,! survivors are too old to "w4 ,b did !y n tra9 _! *ildr58 is ! natural "q4 ,alas6 ! answ] is no4 ,_! skill 0 s commonplace to !m1 & to _! =m] ma/]s1 t nei!r ?\ght ( x z be+ a h>d-e>n$ or desirable accompli%m5t3 x 0 natural1 l brea?+4 ,_! *ildr5 w\ld h x z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,:at _! *ildr5 ne$$ 0 education4 ,s !y w5t out into ! _w1 ! ambiti\s ones1 & got education1 & =got ! necessity ( ! ord9>y tra9+ to live4 ,god = two hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 9 my op9ion1 prep>$ ! way = ! r$emption ( ! ,negro ?r\gh indu/rial developm5t4 ,fir/1 he made ! ,s\!rn :ite man d bus9ess ) ! ,negro = two hundr$ & fifty ye>s 9 a way t no "o else has done bus9ess ) him4 ,if a ,s\!rn :ite man want$ a h\se or a bridge built1 he consult$ a ,negro me*anic ab\t ! plan & ab\t ! actual build+ ( ! h\se or bridge4 ,if he want$ a suit ( clo!s or a pair ( %oes made1 x 0 to ! ,negro tailor or %oemak] t he talk$4 ,secondly1 e l>ge slave plantation 9 ! ,s\? 01 9 a limit$ s5se1 an indu/rial s*ool4 ,on ^! plantations !re 7 scores ( "y col\r$ m5 & wom5 :o 7 con/antly be+ tra9$1 n alone z common f>m]s1 b z c>p5t]s1 blacksmi?s1 :eelwrights1 pla/]]s1 brick masons1 eng9e]s1 bridge-build]s1 cooks1 dressmak]s1 h\sekeep]s1 etc4 ,i w\ld be ! la/ to apologise = ! curse ( slav]y2 b ,i am simply /at+ facts4 ,?is tra9+ 0 crude & 0 giv5 = selfi% purposes1 & did n answ] ! highe/ ends1 because !re 0 ! abs5ce ( bra9 tra9+ 9 connection ) t ( ! h&4 ,nev]!less1 ?is bus9ess contact ) ! ,s\!rn :ite man1 & ! indu/rial tra9+ receiv$ on ^! plantations1 put ! ,negro at ! close ( ! w> into possession ( all ! common & skill$ lab\r 9 ! ,s\?4 ,= ne>ly tw5ty ye>s aft] ! w>1 except 9 "o or two cases1 ! value ( ! indu/rial tra9+ giv5 by ! ,negroes' =m] ma/]s on ! plantations & else:]e 0 ov]look$4 ,negro m5 & wom5 7 educat$ 9 lit]ature1 ma!matics1 & ! sci5ces1 ) no ?\ght ( :at _h tak5 place on ^! plantations = two & a half c5turies4 ,aft] tw5ty ye>s1 ^? :o 7 tra9$ z me*anics1 etc41 dur+ slav]y began to disappe> by dea?2 & gradually we awoke to ! fact t we _h no "o to take _! places4 ,we _h scores ( "y m5 le>n$ 9 ,greek1 b few 9 c>p5try or me*anical or ar*itectural draw+4 ,we _h tra9$ _m 9 ,lat91 b almo/ none z eng9e]s1 bridge-build]s1 & ma*9i/s4 ,numb]s 7 tak5 f ! f>m & educat$1 b 7 educat$ 9 ev]y?+ else except agriculture4 ,h5ce !y _h no sympa?y ) f>m life1 & did n return to x4 ,?is la/ t ,i h be5 say+ is practically a repetition ( :at ,i h said 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph2 b1 to emphasise x1--& ?is po9t is "o ( ! mo/ important ,i wi% to impress on ! read]1--x is well to repeat1 to say ! same ?+ twice4 ,oh1 if only m :o _h ! %ap+ ( ! education ( ! ,negro c\ld h1 ?irty ye>s ago1 realis$1 & made o!rs realise1 :]e ! =gett+ ( ! ye>s ( manual tra9+ & ! sudd5 acquir+ ( education 7 go+ to lead ! ,negro race1 :at a sav+ x w\ld h be56 ,h[ mu* less my race w\ld h _h to answ] =1 z well z ! :ite6 ,b x is too late to cry ov] :at might h be54 ,x is "t to make up1 z soon z possible1 = ?is mi/ake1--"t = bo? races to ackn[l$ge x1 & g =? on ! c\rse t1 x seems to me1 all mu/ n[ see to be ! "r "o1--indu/rial education4 ,z an example ( :at a well-tra9$ & educat$ ,negro may n[ d1 & h[ ready to ackn[l$ge him a ,s\!rn :ite man may be1 let me return once m to ! plantation ,i spoke ( 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is *apt]4 ,z ! ye>s w5t by1 ! night seem$ to gr[ d>k]1 s t all seem$ hopeless & lo/4 ,at ?is po9t relief & /r5g? came f an unexpect$ s\rce4 ,?is ,s\!rn :ite man's idea ( ,negro education _h be5 t x m]ely meant a p>rot-l absorption ( ,anglo-,saxon civilisation1 ) a special t5d5cy to imitate ! weak] elem5ts ( ! :ite man's "*2 t x meant m]ely ! high hat1 kid gloves1 a %[y walk+ cane1 pat5t lea!r %oes1 & all ! re/ ( x4 ,to ?is ex-ma/] x seem$ impossible t ! education ( ! ,negro c\ld produce any o!r results4 ,& s1 la/ ( all1 did he expect help or enc\ragem5t f an educat$ black man2 b x 0 j f ?is s\rce t help came4 ,soon aft] ! process ( decay began 9 ?is :ite man's e/ate1 ! education ( a c]ta9 black man began1 & began on a logical1 s5sible basis4 ,x 0 an education t w\ld fit him to see & appreciate ! physical & moral conditions t exi/$ 9 8 own family & neighb\rhood1 &1 9 ! pres5t g5]ation1 w\ld fit him to apply himself to _! relief4 ,by *ance ?is educat$ ,negro /ray$ into ! employ ( ?is :ite man4 ,8 employ] soon le>n$ t ?is ,negro n only _h a k ( sci5ce1 ma!matics1 & lit]ature 9 8 head1 b 9 8 h&s z well4 ,?is black man appli$ 8 k ( agricultural *emi/ry to ! r$emption ( ! soil2 & soon ! wa%es & gulleys began to disappe>1 & ! wa/e places began to bloom4 ,new & improv$ ma*9]y 9 a few mon?s began to rob lab\r ( its toil & drudg]y4 ,! animals 7 giv5 sy/ematic & k9dly att5tion4 ,f5ces 7 repair$ & rebuilt4 ,:itewa% & pa9t 7 made to d duty4 ,ev]y:]e ord] sl[ly began to replace confusion2 hope1 despair2 & pr(its1 losses4 ,z he obs]v$1 day by day1 new life & /r5g? be+ imp>t$ to e dep>tm5t ( 8 prop]ty1 ?is :ite son ( ! ,s\? began revis+ 8 own cre$ reg>d+ ! wisdom ( educat+ ,negroes4 ,hi!rto 8 cre$ reg>d+ ! value ( an educat$ ,negro _h be5 r a pla9 & simple "o1 & read3 ,! only end t c\ld be accompli%$ by educat+ a black man 0 to enable him to talk prop]ly to a mule2 & ! ,negro's education did great inju/ice to ! mule1 s9ce ! language t5d$ to confuse him & make him balky4 ,we ne$ n cont9ue ! /ory1 except to add t to-day ! grasp ( ! h& ( ?is ex-slavehold]1 & ! li/5+ to 8 he>ty words ( gratitude & comm5dation = ! education ( ! ,negro1 are en\gh to comp5sate ^? :o h giv5 & ^? :o h work$ & sacrific$ = ! elevation ( my p ?r\gh all ( ^! ye>s4 ,if we are pati5t1 wise1 unselfi%1 & c\rage\s1 su* examples w multiply z ! ye>s g by4 ,be=e clos+ ?is *apt]1--:i*1 ,i ?9k1 has cle>ly %[n t !re is at pres5t a v di/9ct lack ( indu/rial tra9+ 9 ! ,s\? among ! ,negroes1--,i wi% to say a few words 9 reg>d to c]ta9 objections1 or r misund]/&+s1 :i* h f "t to "t aris5 9 reg>d to ! matt]4 ,_m h _h ! ?\ght t indu/rial tra9+ 0 meant to make ! ,negro "w1 mu* z he work$ dur+ ! days ( slav]y4 ,?is is f> f my idea ( x4 ,if ?is tra9+ has any value = ! ,negro1 z x has = ! :ite man1 x consi/s 9 tea*+ ! ,negro h[ r n to "w1 b h[ to make ! =ces ( nature--air1 wat]1 horse-p[]1 /eam1 & electric p[]--"w = him1 h[ to lift lab\r up out ( toil & drudg]y into t :i* is dignifi$ & beautiful4 ,! ,negro 9 ! ,s\? works1 & he works h>d2 b 8 lack ( skill1 c\pl$ ) ignorance1 causes him too (t5 to d 8 "w 9 ! mo/ co/ly & %iftless mann]1 & ?is has kept him ne> ! bottom ( ! ladd] 9 ! bus9ess _w4 ,i repeat t indu/rial education tea*es ! ,negro h[ n to drudge 9 8 "w4 ,let him :o d\bts ?is contra/ ! ,negro 9 ! ,s\? toil+ ?r\gh a field ( oats ) an old-fa%ion$ reap] ) ! :ite man on a mod]n f>m 9 ! ,we/1 sitt+ ^u a mod]n h>ve/]1 beh9d two spirit$ horses1 ) an umbrella ov] him1 us+ a ma*9e t cuts & b9ds ! oats at ! same "t1--do+ f\r times z mu* "w z ! black man ) "o half ! lab\r4 ,let u give ! black man s mu* skill & bra9s t he c cut oats l ! :ite man1 !n he c compete ) him4 ,! ,negro works 9 cotton1 & has no tr\ble s long z 8 lab\r is conf9$ to ! l[] =ms ( "w1--! plant+1 ! pick+1 & ! g9n+2 b1 :5 ! ,negro attempts to foll[ ! bale ( cotton up ?r\gh ! high] /ages1 ?r\gh ! mill :]e x is made into ! f9] fabrics1 :]e ! l>g] pr(it appe>s1 he is told t he is n want$4 ,! ,negro c "w 9 wood & iron2 & no "o objects s long z he conf9es 8 "w to ! fell+ ( trees & saw+ ( bo>ds1 to ! digg+ ( iron ore & mak+ ( pig iron4 ,b1 :5 ! ,negro attempts to foll[ ?is tree into ! factory :]e x is made into desks & *airs & railway coa*es1 or :5 he attempts to foll[ ! pig iron into ! factory :]e x is made into knife-blades & wat*-spr+s1 ! ,negro's tr\ble beg9s4 ,& :at is ! objection8 ,simply t ! ,negro lacks ! skill1 c\pl$ ) bra9s1 necess>y to compete ) ! :ite man1 or t1 :5 :ite m5 refuse to "w ) col\r$ m51 en\gh skill$ & educat$ col\r$ m5 _c be f\nd able to sup]9t5d & man e "p ( any "o l>ge indu/ry2 & h5ce1 = ^! reasons1 !y are con/antly be+ b>r$ out4 ,! ,negro mu/ become1 9 a l>g] measure1 an intellig5t produc] z well z a consum]4 ,!re %\ld be a m vital & practical connection betwe5 ! ,negro's educat$ bra9 & 8 opportunity ( e>n+ 8 daily liv+4 ,a v weak argum5t (t5 us$ aga9/ pu%+ indu/rial tra9+ = ! ,negro is t ! ,s\!rn :ite man fav\rs x1 &1 !re=e1 x is n be/ = ! ,negro4 ,al?\gh ,i 0 born a slave1 ,i am ?ankful t ,i am able s f> to rid myself ( prejudice z to be able to accept a good ?+1 :e!r x comes f a black man or a :ite man1 a ,s\!rn man or a ,nor!rn man4 ,indu/rial education w n only help ! ,negro directly 9 ! matt] ( indu/rial developm5t1 b also 9 br++ ab\t m satisfactory relations betwe5 him & ! ,s\!rn :ite man4 ,= ! sake ( ! ,negro & ! ,s\!rn :ite man !re are _m ?+s 9 ! relation ( ! two races t mu/ soon be *ang$4 ,we _c dep5d :olly ^u abuse or condemnation ( ! ,s\!rn :ite man to br+ ab\t ^! *anges4 ,ea* race mu/ be educat$ to see matt]s 9 a broad1 high1 g5]\s1 ,*ri/ian _s3 we mu/ br+ ! two races toge!r1 n e/range !m4 ,! ,negro mu/ live = all "t by ! side ( ! ,s\!rn :ite man4 ,! man is unwise :o does n cultivate 9 e manly way ! fri5d%ip & good w ( 8 next-door neighb\r1 :e!r he be black or :ite4 ,i repeat t indu/rial tra9+ w help cem5t ! fri5d%ip ( ! two races4 ,! hi/ory ( ! _w proves t trade1 comm]ce1 is ! =]unn] ( peace & civilisation z betwe5 races & nations4 ,! ,jew1 :o 0 once 9 ab\t ! same position t ! ,negro is to-day1 has n[ recognition1 because he has entw9$ himself ab\t ,am]ica 9 a bus9ess & indu/rial s5se4 ,say or ?9k :at we w1 x is ! tangible or visible elem5t t is go+ to tell l>gely dur+ ! next tw5ty ye>s 9 ! solution ( ! race problem4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,"o ( ! ma9 problems z reg>ds ! education ( ! ,negro is h[ to h him use 8 education to ! be/ advantage aft] he has secur$ x4 ,9 say+ ?is1 ,i d n want to be und]/ood z imply+ t ! problem ( simple ignorance among ! masses has be5 settl$ 9 ! ,s\?2 = ?is is f> f true4 ,! am\nt ( ignorance /ill prevail+ among ! ,negroes1 especially 9 ! rural di/ricts1 is v l>ge & s]i\s4 ,b ,i repeat1 we mu/ g f>!r if we w\ld secure ! be/ results & mo/ gratify+ returns 9 public good = ! money sp5t ?an m]ely to put academic education 9 ! ,negro's head ) ! idea t ?is w settle ev]y?+4 ,9 8 pres5t condition x is important1 9 seek+ aft] :at he t]ms ! ideal1 t ! ,negro %\ld n neglect to prep>e himself to take advantage ( ! opportunities t are "r ab\t 8 door4 ,if he lets ^! opportunities slip1 ,i fe> !y w nev] be 8 aga94 ,9 say+ ?is1 ,i mean always t ! ,negro %\ld h ! mo/ ?or\gh m5tal & religi\s tra9+2 = )\t x no race c succe$4 ,because ( 8 pa/ hi/ory & environm5t & pres5t condition x is important t he be c>efully guid$ = ye>s to come 9 ! prop] use ( 8 education4 ,mu* valuable "t has be5 lo/ & money sp5t 9 va91 because too _m h n be5 educat$ ) ! idea ( fitt+ !m to d well ! ?+s :i* !y c\ld get to d4 ,because ( ! lack ( prop] direction ( ! ,negro's education1 "s good fri5ds ( 81 ,nor? & ,s\?1 h n tak5 t int]e/ 9 x t !y o!rwise w\ld h tak54 ,9 too _m cases :]e m]ely lit]>y education alone has be5 giv5 ! ,negro y\?1 x has result$ 9 an exagg]at$ e/imate ( 8 importance 9 ! _w1 & an increase ( wants :i* 8 education has n fitt$ him to supply4 ,b1 9 discuss+ ?is subject1 "o is (t5 met ) ! "q1 ,%\ld n ! ,negro be enc\rag$ to prep>e himself = any /ation 9 life t any o!r race fills8 ,i w\ld say1 ,yes2 b ! sure/ way = ! ,negro to rea* ! highe/ positions is to prep>e himself to fill well at ! pres5t "t ! basic occupations4 ,?is w give him a f\ndation ^u :i* to /& :ile secur+ :at is call$ ! m exalt$ positions4 ,! ,negro has ! "r to /udy law2 b success w come to ! race soon] if x produces intellig5t1 ?rifty f>m]s1 me*anics1 & h\sekeep]s to support ! lawy]s4 ,! want ( prop] direction ( ! use ( ! ,negro's education results 9 tempt+ too _m to live ma9ly by _! wits1 )\t produc+ any?+ t is ( real value to ! _w4 ,let me quote examples ( ?is4 ,hayti1 ,santo ,dom+o1 & ,lib]ia1 al?\gh among ! ri*e/ c\ntries 9 natural res\rces 9 ! _w1 are disc\rag+ examples ( :at mu/ happ5 to any p :o lack indu/rial or te*nical tra9+4 ,x is said t 9 ,lib]ia !re are no wagons1 :eelb>r[s1 or public roads1 %[+ v pla9ly t !re is a pa9ful abs5ce ( public _s & ?rift4 ,:at is true ( ,lib]ia is also true 9 a measure ( ! republics ( ,hayti & ,santo ,dom+o4 ,! p h n yet le>n$ ! lesson ( turn+ _! education t[>d ! cultivation ( ! soil & ! mak+ ( ! simple/ implem5ts = agricultural & o!r =ms ( lab\r4 ,mu* w\ld h be5 done t[>d lay+ a s\nd f\ndation = g5]al prosp]ity if "s att5tion _h be5 sp5t 9 ?is direction4 ,g5]al education itself has no be>+ on ! subject at issue1 because1 :ile !re is no well-e/abli%$ public s*ool sy/em 9 ei!r ( ^! c\ntries1 yet l>ge numb]s ( m5 ( bo? ,hayti & ,santo ,dom+o h be5 educat$ 9 ,france = g5]ations4 ,?is is especially true ( ,hayti4 ,! education has be5 altoge!r 9 ! direction ( belles lettres1 h[ev]1 & practically little 9 ! direction ( indu/rial & sci5tific education4 ,x is a matt] ( common k t ,hayti has to s5d abroad ev5 to secure eng9e]s = h] m5-(-w>1 = plans = h] bridges & o!r "w requir+ te*nical k & skill4 ,i %\ld v mu* regret to see any su* condition obta9 9 any l>ge measure z reg>ds ! col\r$ p 9 ! ,s\?1 & yet ?is w be our fate if indu/rial education is mu* long] neglect$4 ,we h sp5t mu* "t 9 ! ,s\? 9 educat+ m5 & wom5 9 lett]s alone1 too1 & mu/ n[ turn our att5tion m ?an ev] t[>d educat+ !m s z to supply _! wants & ne$s4 ,x is m lam5table to see educat$ p unable to support !mselves ?an to see un$ucat$ p 9 ! same condition4 ,ambition all along ?is l9e mu/ be /imulat$4 ,if educat$ m5 & wom5 ( ! race w see & ackn[l$ge ! necessity ( practical indu/rial tra9+ & g to "w ) a zeal & det]m9ation1 _! example w be foll[$ by o!rs1 :o are n[ )\t ambition ( any k9d4 ,! race _c hope to come into its own until ! "y col\r$ m5 & wom5 make up _! m9ds to assi/ 9 ! g5]al developm5t along ^! l9es4 ,! eld] m5 & wom5 tra9$ 9 ! h>d s*ool ( slav]y1 & :o s long possess$ all ( ! lab\r1 skill$ & unskill$1 ( ! ,s\?1 are dy+ out2 _! places mu/ be fill$ by _! *ildr51 or we %all lose our hold ^u ^! occupations4 ,lead]s 9 ^! occupations are ne$$ n[ m ?an ev]4 ,x is n en\gh t ! idea be inculcat$ t col\r$ p %\ld get book le>n+2 along ) x !y %\ld be taught t book education & indu/rial developm5t mu/ g h& 9 h&4 ,no race :i* fails to d ?is c ev] hope to succe$4 ,phillips ,brooks gave expression to ! s5tim5t3 ,"o g5]ation ga!rs ! mat]ial1 & ! next g5]ation builds ! palaces4 ,z ,i und]/& x1 he wi%$ to inculcate ! idea t "o g5]ation lays ! f\ndation = succe$+ g5]ations4 ,! r\gh affairs ( life v l>gely fall to ! e>li] g5]ation1 :ile ! next "o has ! privilege ( deal+ ) ! high] & m ae/hetic ?+s ( life4 ,?is is true ( all g5]ations1 ( all peoples2 &1 unless ! f\ndation is deeply laid1 x is impossible = ! succe$+ "o to h a c>e] 9 any way approa*+ success4 ,z reg>ds ! col\r$ m5 ( ! ,s\?1 z reg>ds ! col\r$ m5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?is is ! g5]ation :i*1 9 a l>ge measure1 mu/ ga!r ! mat]ial ) :i* to lay ! f\ndation = future success4 ,"s "t ago x 0 my mis=tune to see a ,negro sixty-five ye>s old liv+ 9 pov]ty & fil?4 ,i 0 disgu/$1 & said to him1 ,if y are wor?y ( y\r fre$om1 y w\ld surely h *ang$ y\r condition dur+ ! ?irty ye>s ( fre$om :i* y h enjoy$4 ,he answ]$3 ,i d want to *ange4 ,i want to d some?+ = my wife & *ildr52 b ,i d n "k h[1--,i d n "k :at to d4 ,i look$ into 8 lean & hagg>d face1 & realis$ m deeply ?an ev] be=e ! absolute ne$ ( capta9s ( indu/ry among ! great masses ( ! col\r$ p4 ,x is possible = a race or an individual to h m5tal developm5t & yet be s h&icapp$ by cu/om1 prejudice1 & lack ( employm5t z to dw>f & disc\rage ! :ole life4 ,?is is ! condition t prevails among ! race 9 _m ( ! l>ge cities ( ! ,nor?2 & x is to prev5t ?is same condition 9 ! ,s\? t ,i plead ) all ! e>ne/ness ( my he>t4 ,m5tal developm5t alone w n give u :at we want1 b m5tal developm5t ti$ to h& & he>t tra9+ w be ! salvation ( ! ,negro4 ,9 _m respects ! next tw5ty ye>s are go+ to be ! mo/ s]i\s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! race4 ,)9 ?is p]iod x w be l>gely decid$ :e!r ! ,negro w be able to reta9 ! hold :i* he n[ has ^u ! indu/ries ( ! ,s\? or :e!r 8 place w be fill$ by :ite p f a di/ance4 ,! only way he c prev5t ! indu/rial occupations slipp+ f him 9 all p>ts ( ! ,s\?1 z !y h already 9 c]ta9 p>ts1 is = all educators1 m9i/]s1 & fri5ds ( ! race to unite 9 pu%+ =w>d 9 a :ole-s\l$ mann] ! indu/rial or bus9ess developm5t ( ! ,negro1 :e!r 9 s*ool or out ( s*ool4 ,f\r times z _m "y m5 & wom5 ( ! race %\ld be receiv+ indu/rial tra9+4 ,j n[ ! ,negro is 9 a position to feel & appreciate ! ne$ ( ?is 9 a way t no "o else c4 ,no "o c fully appreciate :at ,i am say+ :o has n walk$ ! /reets ( a ,nor!rn city day aft] day seek+ employm5t1 only to f9d e door clos$ aga9/ him on acc\nt ( 8 col\r1 except 9 m5ial s]vice4 ,x is to prev5t ! same ?+ tak+ place 9 ! ,s\? t ,i plead4 ,we may argue t m5tal developm5t w take c>e ( all ?is4 ,m5tal developm5t is a good ?+4 ,gold is also a good ?+1 b gold is wor?less )\t an opportunity to make itself t\* ! _w ( trade4 ,education increases greatly an individual's wants4 ,x is cruel 9 _m cases to increase ! wants ( ! black y\? by m5tal developm5t alone )\t1 at ! same "t1 increas+ 8 ability to supply ^! increas$ wants 9 occupations 9 :i* he c f9d employm5t4 ,! place made vacant by ! dea? ( ! old col\r$ man :o 0 tra9$ z a c>p5t] dur+ slav]y1 & :o s9ce ! w> _h be5 ! lead+ contractor & build] 9 ! ,s\!rn t[n1 _h to be fill$4 ,no "y col\r$ c>p5t] capable ( fill+ 8 place c\ld be f\nd4 ,! result 0 t 8 place 0 fill$ by a :ite me*anic f ! ,nor?1 or f ,europe1 or f else:]e4 ,:at is true ( c>p5try & h\se-build+ 9 ?is case is true1 9 a degree1 9 e skill$ occupation2 & x is becom+ true ( common lab\r4 ,i d n mean to say t all ( ! skill$ lab\r has be5 tak5 out ( ! ,negro's h&s2 b ,i d mean to say t 9 no "p ( ! ,s\? is he s /rong 9 ! matt] ( skill$ lab\r z he 0 tw5ty ye>s ago1 except possibly 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts & ! small] t[ns4 ,9 ! m nor!rn ( ! ,s\!rn cities1 su* z ,ri*mond & ,baltimore1 ! *ange is mo/ app>5t2 & x is be+ felt 9 e ,s\!rn city4 ,:]ev] ! ,negro has lo/ gr\nd indu/rially 9 ! ,s\?1 x is n because !re is prejudice aga9/ him z a skill$ lab\r] on ! "p ( ! native ,s\!rn :ite man2 ! ,s\!rn :ite man g5]ally pref]s to d bus9ess ) ! ,negro me*anic r ?an ) a :ite "o1 because he is accu/om$ to d bus9ess ) ! ,negro 9 ?is respect4 ,!re is almo/ no prejudice aga9/ ! ,negro 9 ! ,s\? 9 matt]s ( bus9ess1 s f> z ! native :ites are conc]n$2 & "h is ! ent]+ w$ge = ! solution ( ! race problem4 ,b too (t51 :]e ! :ite me*anic or factory op]ative f ! ,nor? gets a hold1 ! trades-union soon foll[s1 & ! ,negro is cr[d$ to ! wall4 ,b :at is ! rem$y = ?is condition8 ,fir/1 x is mo/ important t ! ,negro & 8 :ite fri5ds hone/ly face ! facts z !y are2 o!rwise ! "t w n be v f> di/ant :5 ! ,negro ( ! ,s\? w be cr[d$ to ! ragg$ edge ( indu/rial life z he is 9 ! ,nor?4 ,!re is /ill "t to repair ! damage & to reclaim :at we h lo/4 ,i /at$ 9 ! beg9n+ t indu/rial education = ! ,negro has be5 misund]/ood4 ,?is has be5 *iefly because "s h gott5 ! idea t indu/rial developm5t 0 oppos$ to ! ,negro's high] m5tal developm5t4 ,?is has little or no?+ to d ) ! subject "u discussion2 we %\ld no long] p]mit su* an idea to aid 9 depriv+ ! ,negro ( ! legacy 9 ! =m ( skill$ lab\r t 0 pur*as$ by 8 =efa!rs at ! price ( two hundr$ & fifty ye>s ( slav]y4 ,i w\ld say to ! black boy :at ,i w\ld say to ! :ite boy1 ,get all ! m5tal developm5t t y\r "t & pocket-book w all[ (1--! m1 ! bett]2 b ! "t has come :5 a l>g] proportion--n all1 = we ne$ pr(essional m5 & wom5--( ! educat$ col\r$ m5 & wom5 %\ld give !mselves to indu/rial or bus9ess life4 ,! pr(essional class w be help$ 9 s f> z ! rank & file h an indu/rial f\ndation1 s t !y c pay = pr(essional s]vice4 ,:e!r !y receive ! tra9+ ( ! h& :ile pursu+ _! academic tra9+ or aft] _! academic tra9+ is f9i%$1 or :e!r !y w get _! lit]>y tra9+ 9 an indu/rial s*ool or college1 are que/ions :i* ea* individual mu/ decide = himself4 ,no matt] h[ or :]e educat$1 ! educat$ m5 & wom5 mu/ come to ! rescue ( ! race 9 ! ef=t to get & hold its indu/rial foot+4 ,i w\ld n h ! /&>d ( m5tal developm5t l[]$ "o :it2 =1 ) ! ,negro1 z ) all races1 m5tal /r5g? is ! basis ( all progress4 ,b ,i w\ld h a l>ge measure ( ?is m5tal /r5g? rea* ! ,negroes' actual ne$s ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! h&4 ,j n[ ! ne$ is n s mu* = ! common c>p5t]s1 brick masons1 f>m]s1 & laundry wom5 z = indu/rial lead]s :o1 9 addition to _! practical k1 c draw plans1 make e/imates1 take contracts2 ^? :o und]/& ! late/ me?ods ( truck-g>d5+ & ! sci5ce und]ly+ practical agriculture2 ^? :o und]/& ma*9]y to ! ext5t t !y c op]ate /eam & electric laundries1 s t our wom5 c hold on to ! laundry "w 9 ! ,s\?1 t is s fa/ drift+ into ! h&s ( o!rs 9 ! l>ge cities & t[ns4 ,hav+ tri$ to %[ 9 previ\s *apt]s to :at a condition ! lack ( practical tra9+ has br\ght matt]s 9 ! ,s\?1 & by ! examples 9 ?is *apt] :]e ?is /ate ( ?+s may g if all[$ to run its c\rse1 ,i wi% n[ to %[ :at practical tra9+1 ev5 9 its infancy among u1 has already accompli%$4 ,i notic$1 :5 ,i fir/ w5t to ,tuskegee to />t ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 t "s ( ! :ite p ab\t !re r look$ d\btfully at me2 & ,i ?\ght ,i c\ld get _! influ5ce by tell+ !m h[ mu* algebra & hi/ory & sci5ce & all ^? ?+s ,i _h 9 my head1 b !y treat$ me ab\t ! same z !y did be=e4 ,!y didn't seem to c>e ab\t ! algebra1 hi/ory1 & sci5ce t 7 9 my head only4 ,^? p nev] ev5 began to h confid5ce 9 me until we comm5c$ to build a l>ge ?ree-/ory brick build+1 & !n ano!r & ano!r1 until n[ we h =ty build+s :i* h be5 erect$ l>gely by ! lab\r ( our /ud5ts2 & to-day we h ! respect & confid5ce ( all ! :ite p 9 t section4 ,!re is an unmi/akable influ5ce t comes ov] a :ite man :5 he sees a black man liv+ 9 a two-/ory brick h\se t has be5 paid =4 ,i ne$ n /op to expla94 ,x is ! tangible evid5ce ( prosp]ity4 ,y "k ,?omas d\bt$ ! ,savi\r aft] he _h ris5 f ! dead2 & ! ,"l said to ,?omas1 ,rea* hi!r ?y f+]1 & behold my h&s2 & rea* hi!r ?y h&1 & ?ru/ x into my side4 ,! tangible evid5ce conv9c$ ,?omas4 ,we began1 soon aft] go+ to ,tuskegee1 ! manufacture ( bricks4 ,we also />t$ a :eelwright e/abli%m5t & ! manufacture ( good wagons & buggies2 & ! :ite p came to our in/itution = t k9d ( "w4 ,we also put 9 a pr9t+ plant1 & did job pr9t+ = ! :ite p z well z = ! blacks4 ,by hav+ some?+ t ^! p want$1 we came into contact ) !m1 & our int]e/ became int]l9k$ ) _! int]e/1 until to-day we h no w>m] fri5ds any:]e 9 ! c\ntry ?an we h among ! :ite p ( ,tuskegee4 ,we h f\nd by exp]i5ce t ! be/ way to get on well ) p is to h some?+ t !y want1 & t is :y we emphasise ?is ,*ri/ian ,indu/rial ,education4 ,n long ago ,i he>d a conv]sation among ?ree :ite m5 some?+ l ?is4 ,two ( !m 7 b]at+ ! ,negro1 say+ ! ,negro 0 %iftless & lazy1 & all t sort ( ?+4 ,! ?ird man li/5$ to _! rem>ks = "s "t 9 sil5ce1 & !n he said3 ,i don't "k :at y\r exp]i5ce has be52 b !re is a 'nigg]' d[n our way :o owns a good h\se & lot ) ab\t fifty acres ( gr\nd4 ,8 h\se is well furni%$1 & he has got "s spl5did horses & cattle4 ,he is intellig5t & has a bank acc\nt4 ,i don't "k h[ ! 'nigg]s' are 9 y\r community1 b ,tobe ,jones is a g5tleman4 ,once1 :5 ,i 0 h>d up1 ,i w5t to ,tobe ,jones & borr[$ fifty doll>s2 & he hasn't ask$ me = x yet4 ,i don't "k :at k9d ( 'nigg]s' y h d[n y\r way1 b ,tobe ,jones is a g5tleman4 ,n[ :at we want to d is to multiply & place 9 e community ^! ,tobe ,joneses2 &1 j 9 s f> z we c place !m ?r\gh\t ! ,s\? ?is race "q w disappe>4 ,suppose !re 0 a black man :o _h bus9ess = ! railroads to ! am\nt ( t5 ?\s& doll>s a ye>4 ,d y suppose t1 :5 t black man takes 8 family abo>d ! tra91 !y are go+ to put him into a ,jim ,cr[ c> & run ! risk ( los+ t t5 ?\s& doll>s a ye>8 ,no1 !y w put on a ,pullman palace c> = him4 ,"s "t ago a c]ta9 col\r$ man 0 pass+ ?r\gh ! /reets ( "o ( ! little ,s\!rn t[ns1 & he *anc$ to meet two :ite m5 on ! /reet4 ,x happ5$ t ?is col\r$ man owns two or ?ree h\ses & lots1 has a good education & a com=table bank acc\nt4 ,"o ( ! :ite m5 turn$ to ! o!r1 & said3 ,by ,go%6 ,x is all ,i c d to keep f call+ t 'nigg]' ,mi/]4 ,t's ! po9t we want to get to4 ,no?+ else s soon br+s ab\t "r relations betwe5 ! two races 9 ! ,s\? z ! comm]cial progress ( ! ,negro4 ,friction betwe5 ! races w pass away z ! black man1 by reason ( 8 skill1 intellig5ce1 & "*1 c produce some?+ t ! :ite man wants or respects 9 ! comm]cial _w4 ,?is is ano!r reason :y at ,tuskegee we pu% indu/rial tra9+4 ,we f9d t z e ye> we put into a ,s\!rn community col\r$ m5 :o c />t a bricky>d1 a saw-mill1 a t9-%op1 or a pr9t+-(fice1--m5 :o produce some?+ t makes ! :ite man p>tly dep5d5t ^u ! ,negro in/ead ( all ! dep5d5ce be+ on ! o!r side1--a *ange = ! bett] takes place 9 ! relations ( ! races4 ,x is ?r\gh ! dairy f>m1 ! truck-g>d51 ! trades1 ! comm]cial life1 l>gely1 t ! ,negro is to f9d 8 way to respect & confid5ce4 ,:at is ! p]man5t value ( ! ,hampton & ,tuskegee sy/em ( tra9+ to ! ,s\?1 9 a broad] s5se8 ,9 connection ) ?is1 x is well to be> 9 m9d t slav]y unconsci\sly taught ! :ite man t lab\r ) ! h&s 0 some?+ fit = ! ,negro only1 & some?+ = ! :ite man to come into contact ) j z little z possible4 ,x is true t !re 0 a l>ge class ( poor :ite p :o lab\r$ ) ! h&s1 b !y did x because !y 7 n able to secure ,negroes to "w = !m2 & ^! poor :ites 7 con/antly try+ to imitate ! slavehold+ class 9 escap+ lab\r1 z !y1 too1 reg>d$ x z any?+ b elevat+4 ,b ! ,negro1 9 turn1 look$ d[n ^u ! poor :ites ) a c]ta9 contempt because !y _h to "w4 ,! ,negro1 x is to be borne 9 m9d1 work$ "u con/ant prote/1 because he felt t 8 lab\r 0 be+ unju/ly requit$2 & he sp5t almo/ z mu* ef=t 9 plann+ h[ to escape "w z 9 le>n+ h[ to "w4 ,lab\r ) him 0 a badge ( degradation4 ,! :ite man 0 held up be=e him z ! highe/ type ( civilisation1 b ! ,negro not$ t ?is highe/ type ( civilisation himself did little lab\r ) ! h&4 ,h5ce he argu$ t1 ! less "w he did1 ! m ne>ly he w\ld be l ! :ite man4 ,!n1 9 addition to ^! influ5ces1 ! slave sy/em disc\rag$ lab\r-sav+ ma*9]y4 ,to use lab\r-sav+ ma*9]y1 intellig5ce 0 requir$2 & intellig5ce & slav]y 7 n on fri5dly t]ms4 ,h5ce ! ,negro always associat$ lab\r ) toil1 drudg]y1 some?+ to be escap$4 ,:5 ! ,negro fir/ became free1 8 idea ( education 0 t x 0 some?+ t w\ld soon put him 9 ! same position z reg>ds "w t 8 rec5t ma/] _h occupi$4 ,out ( ^! conditions grew ! habit ( putt+ (f till to-morr[ & ! day aft] ! duty t %\ld be done promptly to-day4 ,! leaky h\se 0 n repair$ :ile ! sun %one1 = !n ! ra9 did n come ?r\gh4 ,:ile ! ra9 0 fall+1 no "o c>$ to expose himself to /op ! ra94 ,! pl\gh1 on ! same pr9ciple1 0 left :]e ! la/ furr[ 0 run1 to rot & ru/ 9 ! field dur+ ! w9t]4 ,!re 0 no ne$ to repair ! wood5 *imney t 0 expos$ to ! fire1 because wat] c\ld be ?r[n on x :5 x 0 on fire4 ,!re 0 no ne$ to tr\ble ab\t ! paym5t ( a debt to-day1 because x c\ld be paid z well next week or next ye>4 ,besides ^! conditions1 ! :ole ,s\? at ! close ( ! w> 0 )\t prop] food1 clo?+1 & %elt]1--0 9 ne$ ( habits ( ?rift & economy & ( some?+ laid up = a ra9y day4 ,to me x seem$ p]fectly pla9 t "h 0 a condition ( ?+s t c\ld n be met by ! ord9>y process ( education4 ,at ,tuskegee we became conv9c$ t ! ?+ to d 0 to make a c>eful1 sy/ematic /udy ( ! condition & ne$s ( ! ,s\?1 especially ! ,black ,belt1 & to b5d our ef=ts 9 ! direction ( meet+ ^! ne$s1 :e!r we 7 foll[+ a well-beat5 track or 7 hew+ out a new pa? to meet conditions probably )\t a p>allel 9 ! _w4 ,aft] eighte5 ye>s ( exp]i5ce & obs]vation1 :at is ! result8 ,gradually1 b surely1 we f9d t all ?r\gh ! ,s\? ! disposition to look ^u lab\r z a disgrace is on ! wane2 & ! p>5ts :o !mselves s\ght to escape "w are s anxi\s to give _! *ildr5 tra9+ 9 intellig5t lab\r t e in/itution :i* gives tra9+ 9 ! h&icrafts is cr[d$1 & _m 7among !m ,tuskegee7 h to refuse admission to hundr$s ( applicants4 ,! influ5ce ( ,hampton & ,tuskegee is %[n aga9 by ! fact t almo/ e little s*ool at ! remote/ cross-road is anxi\s to be kn[n z an indu/rial s*ool1 or1 z "s ( ! col\r$ p call x1 an indu/r\s s*ool4 ,! social l9es t 7 once %>ply drawn betwe5 ^? :o lab\r$ ) ! h&s & ^? :o did n are disappe>+4 ,^? :o =m]ly s\ght to escape lab\r1 n[ :5 !y see t bra9s & skill rob lab\r ( ! toil & drudg]y once associat$ ) x1 in/ead ( try+ to avoid x1 are will+ to pay to be taught h[ to engage 9 x4 ,! ,s\? is beg9n+ to see lab\r rais$ up1 dignifi$ & beautifi$1 & 9 ?is sees its salvation4 ,9 proportion z ! love ( lab\r gr[s1 ! l>ge idle class1 :i* has long be5 "o ( ! curses ( ! ,s\?1 disappe>s4 ,z p become absorb$ 9 _! own affairs1 !y h less "t to att5d to ev]ybody's else bus9ess4 ,! ,s\? is /ill an undevelop$ & unsettl$ c\ntry1 & = ! next half-c5tury & m ! great] "p ( ! en]gy ( ! masses w be ne$$ to develop its mat]ial res\rces4 ,any =ce t br+s ! rank & file ( ! p to h a great] love ( indu/ry is !re=e especially valuable4 ,?is result indu/rial education is surely br++ ab\t4 ,x /imulates production & increases trade1--trade betwe5 ! races2 & 9 ?is new & engross+ relation bo? =get ! pa/4 ,! :ite man respects ! vote ( a col\r$ man :o does t5 ?\s& doll>s' wor? ( bus9ess2 &1 ! m bus9ess ! col\r$ man has1 ! m c>eful he is h[ he votes4 ,imm$iately aft] ! w> !re 0 a l>ge class ( ,s\!rn p :o fe>$ t ! op5+ ( ! free s*ools to ! fre$m5 & ! poor :ites--! education ( ! head alone--w\ld result m]ely 9 increas+ ! class :o s\ght to escape lab\r1 & t ! ,s\? w\ld soon be ov]run by ! idle & vici\s4 ,b1 z ! results ( indu/rial comb9$ ) academic tra9+ beg9 to %[ !mselves 9 hundr$s ( communities t h be5 lift$ up1 ^! =m] prejudices aga9/ education are be+ remov$4 ,_m ( ^? :o a few ye>s ago oppos$ ,negro education are n[ among its w>me/ advocates4 ,?is indu/rial tra9+1 emphasis+1 z x does1 ! idea ( economic production1 is gradually br++ ! ,s\? to ! po9t :]e x is fe$+ itself4 ,aft] ! w>1 :at pr(it ! ,s\? made out ( ! cotton crop x sp5t outside ( ! ,s\? to pur*ase food supplies1--meat1 bread1 cann$ vegetables1 & ! l1--b ! improv$ me?ods ( agriculture are fa/ *ang+ ?is cu/om4 ,) ! new] me?ods ( lab\r1 :i* tea* promptness & sy/em & emphasise ! wor? ( ! beautiful1 ! moral value ( ! well-pa9t$ h\se1 ! f5ce ) e pal+ & nail 9 its place1 is br++ to be> ^u ! ,s\? an influ5ce t is mak+ x a new c\ntry 9 indu/ry1 education1 & religion4 ,x seems to me ,i _c d bett] ?an to close ?is *apt] on ! ne$s ( ! ,s\!rn ,negro ?an by quot+ f a talk giv5 to ! /ud5ts at ,tuskegee3-- ,i want to be a little m specific 9 %[+ y :at y h to d & h[ y mu/ d x4 ,"o tr\ble ) u is--& ! same is true ( any "y p1 no matt] ( :at race or condition--we h too _m /epp+-/ones4 ,we /ep all ! "t1 f "o ?+ to ano!r4 ,y f9d a "y man :o is le>n+ to make bricks2 &1 if y ask him :at he int5ds to d aft] le>n+ ! trade1 9 too _m cases he w answ]1 ',oh1 ,i am simply work+ at ?is trade z a /epp+-/one to some?+ high]4' ,y see a "y man work+ at ! brick-mason's trade1 & he w be apt to say ! same ?+4 ,& "y wom5 le>n+ to be mill9]s & dressmak]s w tell y ! same4 ,all are /epp+ to some?+ high]4 ,& s we always g on1 /epp+ some:]e1 nev] gett+ hold ( any?+ ?or\ghly4 ,n[ we mu/ /op ?is /epp+ bus9ess1 hav+ s _m /epp+-/ones4 ,in/ead1 we h got to take hold ( ^! important indu/ries1 & /ick to !m until we ma/] !m ?or\ghly4 ,!re is no nation s ?or\gh 9 _! education z ! ,g]mans4 ,:y8 ,simply because ! ,g]man takes hold ( a ?+1 & /icks to x until he ma/]s x4 ,into x he puts bra9s & ?\ght f morn+ to night4 ,he reads all ! be/ books & j\rnals be>+ on t p>ticul> /udy1 & he feels t nobody else kn[s s mu* ab\t x z he does4 ,take any ( ! indu/ries ,i h m5tion$1 t ( brick-mak+1 = example4 ,any "o work+ at t trade %\ld det]m9e to le>n all !re is to be kn[n ab\t mak+ bricks2 read all ! pap]s & j\rnals be>+ ^u ! trade2 le>n n only to make common h&-bricks1 b press$ bricks1 fire-bricks1--9 %ort1 ! f9e/ & be/ bricks !re are to be made4 ,&1 :5 y h le>n$ all y c by read+ & talk+ ) o!r p1 y %\ld travel f "o city to ano!r1 & le>n h[ ! be/ bricks are made4 ,& !n1 :5 y g into bus9ess = y\rself1 y w make a reputation = be+ ! be/ brick-mak] 9 ! community2 & 9 ?is way y w put y\rself on y\r feet1 & become a helpful & useful citiz54 ,:5 a "y man does ?is1 goes out into "o ( ^! ,s\!rn cities & makes a reputation = himself1 t p]son w9s a reputation t is go+ to give him a /&+ & position4 ,&1 :5 ! *ildr5 ( t successful brick-mak] come along1 !y w be able to take a high] position 9 life4 ,! gr&*ildr5 w be able to take a /ill high] position4 ,& x w be trac$ back to t gr&fa!r :o1 by 8 great success z a brick-mak]1 laid a f\ndation t 0 ( ! "r k9d4 ,:at ,i h said ab\t ^! two trades c be appli$ ) equal =ce to ! trades foll[$ by wom54 ,take ! matt] ( mill9]y4 ,!re is no good reason :y !re %\ld n be1 9 ea* pr9cipal city 9 ! ,s\?1 at lea/ ?ree or f\r compet5t col\r$ wom5 9 *>ge ( mill9]y e/abli%m5ts4 ,b :at is ! tr\ble8 ,in/ead ( mak+ ! mo/ ( our opportunities 9 ?is indu/ry1 ! temptation1 9 too _m cases1 is to be music-tea*]s1 tea*]s ( elocution1 or some?+ else t few ( ! race at pres5t h any money to pay =1 or ! opportunity to e>n money to pay =1 simply because !re is no f\ndation4 ,b1 :5 m col\r$ p succe$ 9 ! m fundam5tal occupations1 !y w !n be able to make bett] provision = _! *ildr5 9 :at are t]m$ ! high] walks ( life4 ,&1 n[1 :at ,i h said ab\t ^! important indu/ries is especially true ( ! important indu/ry ( agriculture4 ,we are liv+ 9 a c\ntry :]e1 if we are go+ to succe$ at all1 we are go+ to d s l>gely by :at we raise out ( ! soil4 ,! p 9 ^? backw>d c\ntries ,i h told y ab\t h fail$ to give att5tion to ! cultivation ( ! soil1 to ! inv5tion & use ( improv$ agricultural implem5ts & ma*9]y4 ,)\t ?is no p c succe$4 ,no race :i* fails to put bra9s into agriculture c succe$2 &1 if y want to realize ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t1 g ) me into ! back di/ricts ( "s ( our ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & y w f9d _m p 9 pov]ty1 & yet !y are surr\nd$ by a ri* c\ntry4 ,a race1 l an individual1 has got to h a reputation4 ,su* a reputation goes a long way t[>d help+ a race or an individual2 &1 :5 we h succe$$ 9 gett+ su* a reputation1 we %all f9d t a great _m ( ! disc\rag+ features ( our life w melt away4 ,reputation is :at p ?9k we are1 & a great deal dep5ds on t4 ,:5 a race gets a reputation along c]ta9 l9es1 a great _m ?+s :i* n[ seem complex1 difficult to atta91 & are mo/ disc\rag+1 w disappe>4 ,:5 y say t an eng9e is a ,corliss eng9e1 p und]/& t t eng9e is a p]fect piece ( me*anical "w1--p]fect z f> z human skill & +5uity c make x p]fect4 ,y say a c> is a ,pullman c>4 ,t is all2 b :at does x mean8 ,x means t ! build] ( t c> got a reputation at ! outset = ?or\gh1 p]fect "w1 = turn+ out ev]y?+ 9 fir/-class %ape4 ,& s ) a race4 ,y _c keep back v long a race t has ! reputation = do+ p]fect "w 9 ev]y?+ t x und]takes4 ,& !n we h got to get a reputation = economy4 ,nobody c>es to associate ) an individual 9 bus9ess or o!rwise :o has a reputation = be+ a trifl+ sp5d?rift1 :o sp5ds 8 money = ?+s t he c v easily get along )\t1 :o sp5ds 8 money = clo?+1 gewgaws1 sup]ficialities1 & o!r ?+s1 :5 he has n got ! necess>ies ( life4 ,we want to give ! race a reputation = be+ frugal & sav+ 9 ev]y?+4 ,!n we want to get a reputation = be+ indu/ri\s4 ,n[1 rememb] ^! ?ree ?+s3 ,get a reputation = be+ skill$4 ,x w n d = a few "h & !re to h x3 ! race mu/ h ! reputation4 ,get a reputation = be+ s skilful1 s indu/ri\s1 t y w n leave a job until x is z ne>ly p]fect z any "o c make x4 ,& !n we want to make a reputation = ! race = be+ hone/1--hone/ at all times & "u all circum/ances4 ,a few individuals "h & !re h x1 a few communities h x2 b ! race z a mass mu/ get x4 ,y recall t /ory ( ,abraham ,l9coln1 h[1 :5 he 0 po/ma/] at a small village1 he _h left on 8 h&s #a4ej :i* ! gov]nm5t did n call =4 ,c>efully wrapp+ up ?is money 9 a h&k]*ief1 he kept x = t5 ye>s4 ,f9ally1 "o day1 ! gov]nm5t ag5t call$ = ?is am\nt2 & x 0 promptly h&$ ov] to him by ,abraham ,l9coln1 :o told him t dur+ all ^? t5 ye>s he _h nev] t\*$ a c5t ( t money4 ,he made x a pr9ciple ( 8 life nev] to use o!r p's money4 ,t trait ( 8 "* help$ him along to ! ,presid5cy4 ,! race wants to get a reputation = be+ /rictly hone/ 9 all its deal+s & transactions1--hone/ 9 h&l+ money1 hone/ 9 all its deal+s ) its fell[-m54 ,& !n we want to get a reputation = be+ ?\ghtful4 ,?is ,i want to emphasise m ?an any?+ else4 ,we want to get a reputation = do+ ?+s )\t be+ told to d !m e "t4 ,if y h "w to d1 ?9k ab\t x s con/antly1 inve/igate & read ab\t x s ?or\ghly1 t y w always be f9d+ ways & means ( improv+ t "w4 ,! av]age p]son go+ to "w becomes a regul> ma*9e1 nev] giv+ ! matt] ( improv+ ! me?ods ( 8 "w a ?\ght4 ,he is nev] at 8 "w be=e ! appo9t$ "t1 & is sure to /op ! m9ute ! h\r is up4 ,! _w is look+ = ! p]son :o is ?\ghtful1 :o w say at ! close ( "w h\rs3 ',is !re n some?+ else ,i c d = y8 ,c ,i n /ay a little lat]1 & help y8' ,moreov]1 x is ) a race z x is ) an individual3 x mu/ respect itself if x w\ld w9 ! respect ( o!rs4 ,!re mu/ be a c]ta9 am\nt ( unity ab\t a race1 !re mu/ be a great am\nt ( pride ab\t a race1 !re mu/ be a great deal ( fai? on ! "p ( a race 9 itself4 ,an individual _c succe$ unless he has ab\t him a c]ta9 am\nt ( pride1--en\gh pride to make him aspire to ! highe/ & be/ ?+s 9 life4 ,an individual _c succe$ unless t individual has a great am\nt ( fai? 9 himself4 ,a p]son :o goes at an und]tak+ ) ! feel+ t he _c succe$ is likely to fail4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! individual :o goes at an und]tak+1 feel+ t he c succe$1 is ! individual :o 9 n9e cases out ( t5 does succe$4 ,b1 :5ev] y f9d an individual t is a%am$ ( 8 race1 try+ to get away f 8 race1 apologis+ = be+ a memb] ( 8 race1 !n y f9d a weak individual4 ,:]e y f9d a race t is a%am$ ( itself1 t is apologis+ = itself1 !re y w f9d a weak1 vacillat+ race4 ,let u no long] h to apologise = our race 9 ^! or o!r matt]s4 ,let u ?9k s]i\sly & "w s]i\sly3 !n1 z a race1 we %all be ?\ght ( s]i\sly1 &1 !re=e1 s]i\sly respect$4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,9 ?is *apt] ,i wi% to %[ h[1 at ,tuskegee1 we are try+ to "w out ! plan ( indu/rial tra9+1 & tru/ ,i %all be p>don$ ! seem+ egotism if ,i preface ! sket* ) a few words1 by way ( example1 z to ! expansion ( my own life & h[ ,i came to und]take ! "w at ,tuskegee4 ,my e>lie/ recollection is ( a small "o-room log hut on a slave plantation 9 ,virg9ia4 ,aft] ! close ( ! w>1 :ile work+ 9 ! coal m9es ( ,we/ ,virg9ia = ! support ( my "m1 ,i he>d1 9 "s accid5tal way1 ( ! ,hampton ,in/itute4 ,:5 ,i le>n$ t x 0 an in/itution :]e a black boy c\ld /udy1 c\ld h a *ance to "w = 8 bo>d1 & at ! same "t be taught h[ to "w & to realise ! dignity ( labor1 ,i resolv$ to g !re4 ,bidd+ my "m good-by1 ,i />t$ out "o morn+ to f9d my way to ,hampton1 al?\gh ,i 0 almo/ p5niless & _h no def9ite idea z to :]e ,hampton 04 ,by walk+1 begg+ rides1 & pay+ = a portion ( ! j\rney on ! /eam-c>s1 ,i f9ally succe$$ 9 rea*+ ! city ( ,ri*mond2 ,virg9ia4 ,i 0 )\t money or fri5ds4 ,i slept on a sidewalk2 & by work+ on a vessel ! next day ,i e>n$ money en\gh to cont9ue my way to ! in/itute1 :]e ,i arriv$ ) a capital ( fifty c5ts4 ,at ,hampton ,i f\nd ! opportunity--9 ! way ( build+s1 tea*]s1 & indu/ries provid$ by ! g5]\s--to get tra9+ 9 ! classroom & by practical t\* ) indu/rial life1--to le>n ?rift1 economy1 & pu%4 ,i 0 surr\nd$ by an atmosph]e ( bus9ess1 ,*ri/ian influ5ce1 & _s ( self-help1 t seem$ to h awak5$ e faculty 9 me1 & caus$ me = ! fir/ "t to realise :at x meant to be a man in/ead ( a piece ( prop]ty4 ,:ile !re1 ,i resolv$1 :5 ,i _h f9i%$ ! c\rse ( tra9+1 ,i w\ld g into ! ,f> ,s\?1 into ! ,black ,belt ( ! ,s\?1 & give my life to provid+ ! same k9d ( opportunity = self-reliance1 self-awak5+1 t ,i _h f\nd provid$ = me at ,hampton4 ,my "w began at ,tuskegee1 ,alabama1 9 #ahha1 9 a small %anty *ur*1 ) "o tea*] & ?irty /ud5ts1 )\t a doll>'s wor? ( prop]ty4 ,! _s ( "w & ( indu/rial ?rift1 ) aid f ! ,/ate & g5]osity f ! ,nor?1 h enabl$ u to develop an in/itution :i* n[ has ab\t "o ?\s& /ud5ts1 ga!r$ f tw5ty-?ree ,/ates1 & eighty-eight in/ructors4 ,c\nt+ /ud5ts1 in/ructors1 & _! families1 we h a resid5t population ^u ! s*ool gr\nds ( ab\t twelve hundr$ p]sons4 ,! in/itution owns two ?\s& ?ree hundr$ acres ( l&1 sev5 hundr$ ( :i* are cultivat$ by /ud5t labor4 ,!re are six hundr$ head ( live-/ock1 includ+ horses1 mules1 c[s1 hogs1 & %eep4 ,!re are ov] =ty vehicles t h be5 made1 & are n[ us$1 by ! s*ool4 ,tra9+ is giv5 9 tw5ty-six indu/ries4 ,!re is "w 9 wood1 9 iron1 9 lea!r1 9 t92 & all =ms ( dome/ic economy are engag$ 94 ,/ud5ts are taught me*anical & ar*itectural draw+1 receive tra9+ z agriculturi/s1 dairym51 masons1 c>p5t]s1 contractors1 build]s1 z ma*9i/s1 electricians1 pr9t]s1 dressmak]s1 & mill9]s1 & 9 o!r directions4 ,! value ( ! prop]ty is #cjj1jjj4 ,!re are =ty-two build+s1 c\nt+ l>ge & small1 all ( :i*1 ) ! exception ( f\r1 h be5 erect$ by ! lab\r ( ! /ud5ts4 ,s9ce ?is "w />t$1 !re has be5 collect$ & sp5t = its f\nd+ & support #hjj1jjj4 ,! annual exp5se is n[ n f> f #ge1jjj4 ,9 a humble1 simple mann] ! ef=t has be5 to place a great object-lesson 9 ! he>t ( ! ,s\? = ! elevation ( ! col\r$ p1 :]e !re %\ld be1 9 a high s5se1 t union ( head1 he>t1 & h& :i* has be5 ! f\ndation ( ! greatness ( all races s9ce ! _w began4 ,:at is ! object ( all ?is outlay8 ,x mu/ be fir/ borne 9 m9d t we h 9 ! ,s\? a peculi> & unprec$5t$ /ate ( ?+s4 ,! c>d9al ne$s among ! eight million col\r$ p 9 ! ,s\?1 mo/ ( :om are to be f\nd on ! plantations1 may be /at$ z food1 clo?+1 %elt]1 education1 prop] habits1 & a settlem5t ( race relations4 ,^! millions ( col\r$ p ( ! ,s\? _c be rea*$ directly by any mission>y ag5t2 b !y c be rea*$ by s5d+ out among !m /rong1 select$ "y m5 & wom51 ) ! prop] tra9+ ( head1 h&1 & he>t1 :o w live among !m & %[ !m h[ to lift !mselves up4 ,! problem t ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute keeps be=e itself con/antly is h[ to prep>e ^! lead]s4 ,f ! outset1 9 connection ) religi\s & academic tra9+1 x has emphasis$ indu/rial1 or h&1 tra9+ z a means ( f9d+ ! way out ( pres5t conditions4 ,fir/1 we h f\nd ! indu/rial tea*+ useful 9 giv+ ! /ud5t a *ance to "w out a portion ( 8 exp5ses :ile 9 s*ool4 ,second1 ! s*ool furni%es lab\r t has an economic value & at ! same "t gives ! /ud5t a *ance to acquire k & skill :ile p]=m+ ! lab\r4 ,mo/ ( all1 we f9d ! indu/rial sy/em valuable 9 tea*+ economy1 ?rift1 & ! dignity ( lab\r & 9 giv+ moral backbone to /ud5ts4 ,! fact t a /ud5t goes into ! _w consci\s ( 8 p[] to build a h\se or a wagon or to make a set ( h>ness gives him a c]ta9 confid5ce & moral indep5d5ce t he w\ld n possess )\t su* tra9+4 ,a m detail$ example ( our me?ods at ,tuskegee may be ( int]e/4 ,= example1 we cultivate by /ud5t lab\r sev5 hundr$ acres ( l&4 ,! object is n only to cultivate ! l& 9 a way to make x pay our bo>d+ dep>tm5t1 b at ! same "t to tea* ! /ud5ts1 9 addition to ! practical "w1 some?+ ( ! *emi/ry ( ! soil1 ! be/ me?ods ( dra9age1 dairy+1 cultivation ( fruit1 ! c>e ( live-/ock & tools1 & scores ( o!r lessons ne$$ by p ^: ma9 dep5d5ce is on agriculture4 ,fri5ds "s "t ago provid$ means = ! erection ( a l>ge new *apel at ,tuskegee4 ,our /ud5ts made ! bricks = ?is *apel4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! timb] 0 saw$ by ! /ud5ts at our saw-mill1 ! plans 7 drawn by our tea*] ( ar*itectural & me*anical draw+1 & /ud5ts did ! brick-masonry1 ! pla/]+1 ! pa9t+1 ! c>p5try "w1 ! t9n+1 ! slat+1 & made mo/ ( ! furniture4 ,practically1 ! :ole *apel 0 built & furni%$ by /ud5t lab\r4 ,n[ ! s*ool has ?is build+ = p]man5t use1 & ! /ud5ts h a k ( ! trades employ$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,:ile ! "y m5 d ! k9ds ( "w ,i h m5tion$1 "y wom5 to a l>ge ext5t make1 m5d1 & laundry ! clo?+ ( ! "y m54 ,!y also receive in/ruction 9 dairy+1 horticulture1 & o!r valuable indu/ries4 ,"o ( ! objections sometimes urg$ aga9/ indu/rial education = ! ,negro is t x aims m]ely to tea* him to "w on ! same plan t he work$ on :5 9 slav]y4 ,?is is f> f be+ ! object at ,tuskegee4 ,at ! head ( ea* ( ! tw5ty-six indu/rial divisions we h an intellig5t & compet5t in/ructor1 j z we h 9 our hi/ory classes1 s t ! /ud5t is taught n only practical brick-masonry1 = example1 b also ! und]ly+ pr9ciples ( t indu/ry1 ! ma!matics & ! me*anical & ar*itectural draw+4 ,or he is taught h[ to become ma/] ( ! =ces ( nature1 s t1 in/ead ( cultivat+ corn 9 ! old way1 he c use a corn cultivator t lays (f ! furr[s1 drops ! corn into !m1 & cov]s x2 & 9 ?is way he c d m "w ?an ?ree m5 by ! old process ( corn plant+1 :ile at ! same "t mu* ( ! toil is elim9at$ & lab\r is dignifi$4 ,9 a ^w1 ! con/ant aim is to %[ ! /ud5t h[ to put bra9s into e process ( lab\r1 h[ to br+ 8 k ( ma!matics & ! sci5ces 9 f>m+1 c>p5try1 =g+1 f\ndry "w1 h[ to disp5se z soon z possible ) ! old =m ( ante-bellum lab\r4 ,9 ! erection ( ! *apel ref]r$ to1 in/ead ( lett+ ! money :i* 0 giv5 to u g into outside h&s1 we made x accompli% ?ree objects3 fir/1 x provid$ ! *apel2 second1 x gave ! /ud5ts a *ance to get a practical k ( ! trades connect$ ) ! build+2 &1 ?ird1 x enabl$ !m to e>n some?+ t[>d ! paym5t ( _! bo>d :ile receiv+ academic & indu/rial tra9+4 ,hav+ be5 =tifi$ at ,tuskegee by education ( m9d1 skill ( h&1 ,*ri/ian "*1 ideas ( ?rift1 economy1 & pu%1 & a _s ( indep5d5ce1 ! /ud5t is s5t out to become a c5tre ( influ5ce & light 9 %[+ ! masses ( our p 9 ! ,black ,belt ( ! ,s\? h[ to lift !mselves up4 ,c ?is be done8 ,i give b "o or two examples4 ,t5 ye>s ago a "y col\r$ man came to ! in/itute f "o ( ! l>ge plantation di/ricts4 ,he /udi$ 9 ! class-room a portion ( ! "t1 & receiv$ practical & !oretical tra9+ on ! f>m ! rema9d] ( ! "t4 ,hav+ f9i%$ 8 c\rse at ,tuskegee1 he return$ to 8 plantation home1 :i* 0 9 a c\nty :]e ! col\r$ p outnumb]$ ! :ites six to "o1 z is true ( _m ( ! c\nties 9 ! ,black ,belt ( ! ,s\?4 ,he f\nd ! ,negroes 9 debt4 ,ev] s9ce ! w> !y _h be5 mortgag+ _! crops = ! food on :i* to live :ile ! crops 7 gr[+4 ,! majority ( !m 7 liv+ f h&-to-m\? on r5t$ l&1 9 small "o-room log cab9s1 & attempt+ to pay a rate ( int]e/ on _! advances t rang$ f fifte5 to =ty p] c5t4 p] annum4 ,! s*ool _h be5 taught 9 a wreck ( a log cab91 ) no app>atus1 & _h nev] be5 9 session long] ?an ?ree mon?s out ( twelve4 ,he f\nd ! p1 z _m z eight or t5 p]sons1 ( all ages & conditions & ( bo? sexes1 huddl$ toge!r & liv+ 9 "o-room cab9s ye> aft] ye>1 & ) a m9i/] ^: only aim 0 to "w ^u ! emotions4 ,"o c imag9e some?+ ( ! moral & religi\s /ate ( ! community4 ,b ! rem$y6 ,9 spite ( ! evil ! ,negro got ! habit ( "w f slav]y4 ,! rank & file ( ! race1 especially ^? on ! ,s\!rn plantations1 "w h>d2 b ! tr\ble is t :at !y e>n gets away f !m 9 high r5ts1 crop mortgages1 :iskey1 snuff1 *eap jewelry1 & ! l4 ,! "y man j ref]r$ to _h be5 tra9$ at ,tuskegee1 z mo/ ( our graduates are1 to meet j ?is condition ( ?+s4 ,he took ! ?ree mon?s' public s*ool z a nucleus = 8 "w4 ,!n he organiz$ ! old] p into a club1 or conf]5ce1 t held meet+s e week4 ,9 ^! meet+s he taught ! p1 9 a pla91 simple mann]1 h[ to save _! money1 h[ to f>m 9 a bett] way1 h[ to sacrifice1--to live on bread & potatoes1 if necess>y1 till !y c\ld get out ( debt1 & beg9 ! buy+ ( l&s4 ,soon a l>ge proportion ( ! p 7 9 a condition to make contracts = ! buy+ ( homes 7l& is v *eap 9 ! ,s\?7 & to live )\t mortgag+ _! crops4 ,n only ?is2 "u ! guidance & lead]%ip ( ?is tea*]1 ! fir/ ye> t he 0 among !m !y le>n$ h[ & built1 by contributions 9 money & lab\r1 a neat1 com=table s*ool-h\se t replac$ ! wreck ( a log cab9 =m]ly us$4 ,! foll[+ ye> ! weekly meet+s 7 cont9u$1 & two mon?s 7 add$ to ! orig9al ?ree mon?s ( s*ool4 ,! next ye> two m mon?s 7 add$4 ,! improvem5t has gone on until ^! p h e ye> an eight mon?s' s*ool4 ,i wi% my read]s c\ld h ! *ance t ,i h _h ( go+ into ?is community4 ,i wi% !y c\ld look into ! faces ( ! p1 & see !m beam+ ) hope & delight4 ,i wi% !y c\ld see ! two or ?ree room cottages t h tak5 ! place ( ! usual "o-room cab91 see ! well-cultivat$ f>ms & ! religi\s life ( ! p t n[ means some?+ m ?an ! "n4 ,! tea*] has a good cottage & well-kept f>m t s]ve z models4 ,9 a ^w1 a complete revolution has be5 wr\ght 9 ! indu/rial1 educational1 & religi\s life ( ?is :ole community by reason ( ! fact t !y h _h ?is lead]1 ?is guide & object-lesson1 to %[ !m h[ to take ! money & ef=t t _h hi!rto be5 scatt]$ to ! w9d 9 mortgages & high r5ts1 9 :iskey & gewgaws1 & h[ to conc5trate x 9 ! direction ( _! own uplift+4 ,"o community on its feet pres5ts an object-lesson = ! adjo9+ communities1 & soon improvem5ts %[ !mselves 9 o!r places4 ,ano!r /ud5t1 :o receiv$ academic & indu/rial tra9+ at ,tuskegee1 e/abli%$ himself1 ?ree ye>s ago1 z a blacksmi? & :eelwright 9 a community2 &1 9 addition to ! influ5ce ( 8 successful bus9ess ent]prise1 he is fa/ mak+ ! same k9d ( *anges 9 ! life ( ! p ab\t him t ,i h j rec\nt$4 ,x w\ld be easy = me to fill _m pages describ+ ! influ5ce ( ! ,tuskegee graduates 9 e "p ( ! ,s\?4 ,we keep x con/antly 9 ! m9ds ( our /ud5ts & graduates t ! indu/rial or mat]ial condition ( ! masses ( our p mu/ be improv$1 z well z ! intellectual1 be=e !re c be any p]man5t *ange 9 _! moral & religi\s life4 ,we f9d x a pretty h>d ?+ to make a good ,*ri/ian ( a hungry man4 ,no matt] h[ mu* our p get happy & %\t 9 *ur*1 if !y g home at night f *ur* hungry1 !y are tempt$ to f9d some?+ to eat be=e morn+4 ,?is is a pr9ciple ( human nature1 & is n conf9$ alone to ! ,negro4 ,! ,negro has )9 him imm5se p[] = self-uplift+1 b = ye>s x w be necess>y to guide him & /imulate 8 en]gies4 ,! recognition ( ?is p[] l$ u to organise1 five ye>s ago1 :at is kn[n z ! ,tuskegee ,negro ,conf]5ce1--a ga!r+ t meets e ,febru>y1 & is compos$ ( ab\t eight hundr$ repres5tatives1 col\r$ m5 & wom51 f all sections ( ! ,black ,belt4 ,!y come 9 ox-c>ts1 mule-c>ts1 buggies1 on muleback & horseback1 on foot1 by railroad4 ,"s travel all night 9 ord] to be pres5t4 ,! matt]s consid]$ at ! conf]5ce are ^? t ! col\r$ p h x 9 _! own p[] to control1--su* z ! evils ( ! mortgage sy/em1 ! "o-room cab91 buy+ on cr$it1 ! importance ( own+ a home & ( putt+ money 9 ! bank1 h[ to build s*ool-h\ses & prolong ! s*ool t]m1 & to improve _! moral & religi\s condition4 ,z a s+le example ( ! results1 "o delegate report$ t s9ce ! conf]5ce 0 />t$1 sev5 ye>s ago1 elev5 p 9 8 neighb\rhood _h b\ght homes1 f\rte5 _h gott5 out ( debt1 & a numb] _h /opp$ mortgag+ _! crops4 ,moreov]1 a s*ool-h\se _h be5 built by ! p !mselves1 & ! s*ool t]m _h be5 ext5d$ f ?ree to six mon?s2 &1 ) a look ( triumph1 he exclaim$1 ,we's done lib9' 9 de a%es4 ,besides ?is ,negro ,conf]5ce = ! masses ( ! p1 we n[ h a ga!r+ at ! same "t kn[n z ! ,tuskegee ,work]s' ,conf]5ce1 compos$ ( ! (fic]s & in/ructors ( ! lead+ col\r$ s*ools 9 ! ,s\?4 ,aft] li/5+ to ! /ory ( ! conditions & ne$s f ! p !mselves1 ! ,work]s' ,conf]5ce f9ds mu* food = ?\ght & discussion4 ,let me repeat1 f its beg9n+1 ?is in/itution has kept 9 m9d ! giv+ ( ?or\gh m5tal & religi\s tra9+1 along ) su* indu/rial tra9+ z w\ld enable ! /ud5t to appreciate ! dignity ( lab\r & become self-support+ & valuable z a produc+ factor1 keep+ 9 m9d ! occupations op5 9 ! ,s\? to ! av]age man ( ! race4 ,?is in/itution has n[ rea*$ ! po9t :]e x c beg9 to judge ( ! value ( its "w z se5 9 its graduates4 ,"s ye>s ago we not$ ! fact1 = example1 t !re 0 q a movem5t 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,s\? to organise & />t dairies4 ,soon aft] ?is1 we op5$ a dairy s*ool :]e a numb] ( "y m5 c\ld receive tra9+ 9 ! be/ & mo/ sci5tific me?ods ( dairy+4 ,at pres5t we h calls1 ma9ly f ,s\!rn :ite m51 = twice z _m dairym5 z we are able to supply4 ,! reports indicate t our "y m5 are giv+ ! highe/ satisfaction1 & are fa/ *ang+ & improv+ ! dairy product 9 ! communities :]e !y lab\r4 ,i h us$ ! dairy indu/ry simply z an example4 ,:at ,i h said ( ?is indu/ry is true 9 a l>g] or less degree ( ! o!rs4 ,i _c b believe1 & my daily obs]vation & exp]i5ce confirm me 9 x1 t1 z we cont9ue plac+ m5 & wom5 ( intellig5ce1 religion1 mode/y1 consci5ce1 & skill 9 e community 9 ! ,s\?1 :o w prove by actual results _! value to ! community1 ?is w con/itute ! solution = _m ( ! pres5t political & sociological difficulties4 ,x is ) ?is l>g] & m compreh5sive view ( improv+ pres5t conditions & lay+ ! f\ndation wisely t ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute is tra9+ m5 & wom5 z tea*]s & indu/rial lead]s4 ,ov] f\r hundr$ /ud5ts h f9i%$ ! c\rse ( tra9+ at ?is in/itution1 & are n[ scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! ,s\?1 do+ good "w4 ,a rec5t inve/igation %[s t ab\t #c1jjj /ud5ts :o h tak5 only a p>tial c\rse are do+ comm5dable "w4 ,"o "y man1 :o 0 able to rema9 9 s*ool b two ye>s1 has be5 tea*+ 9 "o community = t5 ye>s4 ,dur+ ?is "t he has built a new s*ool-h\se1 ext5d$ ! s*ool t]m f ?ree to sev5 mon?s1 & has b\ght a nice f>m ^u :i* he has erect$ a neat cottage4 ,! example ( ?is "y man has inspir$ _m ( ! col\r$ p 9 ?is community to foll[ 8 example 9 "s degree2 & ?is is "o ( _m su* examples4 ,:]ev] our graduates & ex-/ud5ts g1 !y tea* by precept & example ! necess>y lesson ( ?rift1 economy1 & prop]ty-gett+1 & fri5d%ip betwe5 ! races4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,x has become app>5t t ! ef=t to put ! rank & file ( ! col\r$ p into a position to ex]cise ! "r ( fran*ise has n be5 ! success t 0 expect$ 9 ^? portions ( our c\ntry :]e ! ,negro is f\nd 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,ei!r ! ,negro 0 n prep>$ = any su* :olesale ex]cise ( ! ballot z our rec5t am5dm5ts to ! ,con/itution contemplat$ or ! ,am]ican p 7 n prep>$ to assi/ & enc\rage him to use ! ballot4 ,9 ei!r case ! result has be5 ! same4 ,on an important occasion 9 ! life ( ! ,ma/]1 :5 x fell to him to pron\nce judgm5t on two c\rses ( action1 ^! memorable words fell f 8 lips3 ,& ,m>y ha? *os5 ! bett] "p4 ,?is 0 ! supreme te/ 9 ! case ( an individual4 ,x is ! highe/ te/ 9 ! case ( a race or a nation4 ,let u apply ?is te/ to ! ,am]ican ,negro4 ,9 ! life ( our ,republic1 :5 he has _h ! opportunity to *oose1 has x be5 ! bett] or worse "p8 ,:5 9 ! *ildhood ( ?is nation ! ,negro 0 ask$ to submit to slav]y or *oose dea? & ext9ction1 z did ! aborig9es1 he *ose ! bett] "p1 t :i* p]petuat$ ! race4 ,:51 9 #aggf1 ! ,negro 0 ask$ to decide betwe5 ,briti% oppression & ,am]ican indep5d5ce1 we f9d him *oos+ ! bett] "p2 & ,crispus ,attucks1 a ,negro1 0 ! fir/ to %$ 8 blood on ,/ate ,/reet1 ,bo/on1 t ! :ite ,am]ican might enjoy lib]ty =ev]1 ?\gh 8 race rema9$ 9 slav]y4 ,:51 9 #ahad1 at ,new ,orleans1 ! te/ ( patriotism came aga91 we f9d ! ,negro *oos+ ! bett] "p1 ,g5]al ,&rew ,jackson himself te/ify+ t no he>t 0 m loyal & no arm 0 m /rong & useful 9 def5ce ( righte\sness4 ,:5 ! long & memorable /ruggle came betwe5 union & sep>ation1 :5 he knew t victory meant fre$om1 & defeat 8 cont9u$ enslavem5t1 al?\gh enli/+ by ! ?\s&s1 z opportunity pres5t$ itself1 to fight 9 hon\rable combat = ! cause ( ! ,union & lib]ty1 yet1 :5 ! sugge/ion & ! temptation came to burn ! home & massacre wife & *ildr5 dur+ ! abs5ce ( ! ma/] 9 battle1 & ?us insure 8 lib]ty1 we f9d him *oos+ ! bett] "p1 & = f\r long ye>s protect+ & support+ ! helpless1 def5celess ones intru/$ to 8 c>e4 ,:51 dur+ our w> ) ,spa91 ! safety & hon\r ( ! ,republic 7 ?reat5$ by a =eign foe1 :5 ! wail & angui% ( ! oppress$ f a di/ant isle rea*$ our e>s1 we f9d ! ,negro =gett+ 8 own wrongs1 =gett+ ! laws & cu/oms t discrim9ate aga9/ him 9 8 own c\ntry1 & aga9 *oos+ ! bett] "p4 ,&1 if any "o w\ld "k h[ he acquitt$ himself 9 ! field at ,santiago1 let him apply = answ] to ,%aft] & ,roosevelt & ,:eel]4 ,let !m tell h[ ! ,negro fac$ dea? & laid d[n 8 life 9 def5ce ( hon\r & humanity4 ,:5 ! full /ory ( ! h]oic conduct ( ! ,negro 9 ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w> has be5 he>d f ! lips ( ,nor!rn soldi] & ,s\!rn soldi]1 f ex-abolitioni/ & ex-ma/]1 !n %all ! c\ntry decide :e!r a race t is ?us will+ to die = its c\ntry %\ld n be giv5 ! highe/ opportunity to live = its c\ntry4 ,9 ! mid/ ( all ! compla9ts ( suff]+ 9 ! camp & field dur+ ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>1 suff]+ f fev] & hung]1 :]e is ! (ficial or citiz5 t has he>d a ^w ( compla9t f ! lips ( a black soldi]8 ,! only reque/ t came f ! ,negro soldi] 0 t he might be p]mitt$ to replace ! :ite soldi] :5 heat & mal>ia began to decimate ! ranks ( ! :ite regim5ts1 & to occupy at ! same "t ! po/ ( great] dang]4 ,b1 :5 all ?is is said1 x rema9s true t ! ef=ts on ! "p ( 8 fri5ds & ! "p ( himself to %>e actively 9 ! control ( ,/ate & local gov]nm5t 9 ,am]ica h n be5 a success 9 all sections4 ,:at are ! causes ( ?is p>tial failure1 & :at lessons has x taught t we may use 9 reg>d to ! future treatm5t ( ! ,negro 9 ,am]ica8 ,9 my m9d !re is no d\bt b t we made a mi/ake at ! beg9n+ ( our fre$om ( putt+ ! emphasis on ! wrong end4 ,politics & ! hold+ ( (fice 7 too l>gely emphasis$1 almo/ to ! exclusion ( e o!r int]e/4 ,i believe ! pa/ & pres5t tea* b "o lesson1--to ! ,negro's fri5ds & to ! ,negro himself1--t !re is b "o way out1 t !re is b "o hope ( solution2 & t is = ! ,negro 9 e "p ( ,am]ica to resolve f h5ce=? t he w ?r[ aside e non-ess5tial & cl+ only to ess5tial1--t 8 pill> ( fire by night & pill> ( cl\d by day %all be prop]ty1 economy1 education1 & ,*ri/ian "*4 ,to u j n[ ^! are ! :eat1 all else ! *aff4 ,! individual or race t owns ! prop]ty1 pays ! taxes1 possesses ! intellig5ce & sub/antial "*1 is ! "o :i* is go+ to ex]cise ! greate/ control 9 gov]nm5t1 :e!r he lives 9 ! ,nor? or :e!r he lives 9 ! ,s\?4 ,i h (t5 be5 ask$ ! cause ( & ! cure = ! riots t h tak5 place rec5tly 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4#a ,i am n at all sure t :at ,i %all say w answ] ^! que/ions 9 a satisfactory way1 nor %all ,i attempt to n>r[ my expressions to a m]e recital ( :at has tak5 place 9 ^! two ,/ates4 ,i pref] to discuss ! problem 9 a broad] mann]4 #a ,novemb]1 #ahih4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 9 politics ,i am a ,republican1 b h always refra9$ f activity 9 p>ty politics1 & expect to pursue ?is policy 9 ! future4 ,s 9 ?is connection ,i %all refra91 z ,i always h done1 f ent]+ ^u any discussion ( m]e p>ty politics4 ,:at ,i %all say ( politics w be> ^u ! race problem & ! civilisation ( ! ,s\? 9 ! l>g] s5se4 ,9 no case w\ld ,i p]mit my political relations to /& 9 ! way ( my speak+ & act+ 9 ! mann] t ,i believe w\ld be = ! p]man5t int]e/ ( my race & ! :ole ,s\?4 ,9 #ahgc ! ,negro 9 ! ,s\? _h rea*$ ! po9t ( greate/ activity & influ5ce 9 public life1 s f> z ! m]e hold+ ( elective (fice 0 conc]n$4 ,f t date ^? :o h kept up ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,s\? h notic$ t ! ,negro has /eadily lo/ 9 ! numb] ( elective (fices held4 ,9 say+ ?is1 ,i d n mean t ! ,negro has gone backw>d 9 ! real & m fundam5tal ?+s ( life4 ,on ! contr>y1 he has gone =w>d fa/] ?an has be5 true ( any o!r race 9 hi/ory1 "u any?+ l simil> circum/ances4 ,if we c answ] ! "q z to :y ! ,negro has lo/ gr\nd 9 ! matt] ( hold+ elective (fice 9 ! ,s\?1 p]haps we %all f9d t our reply w prove to be our answ] also z to ! cause ( ! rec5t riots 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,be=e beg9n+ a discussion ( ! "q ,i h ask$1 ,i wi% to say t ?is *ange 9 ! political influ5ce ( ! ,negro has cont9u$ f ye> to ye>1 not)/&+ ! fact t = a long "t he 0 protect$1 politically1 by =ce ( f$]al arms & ! mo/ rigid f$]al laws1 & /ill m effectively1 p]haps1 by ! voice & influ5ce 9 ! halls ( legislation ( su* advocates ( ! rights ( ! ,negro race z ,?addeus ,/ev5s1 ,*>les ,sumn]1 ,b5jam9 ,f4 ,butl]1 ,james ,m4 ,a%ley1 ,oliv] ,p4 ,morton1 ,c>l ,s*urz1 & ,roscoe ,conkl+1 & on ! /ump & ?r\gh ! public press by ^? great & p[]ful ,negroes1 ,fr$]ick ,d\glass1 ,john ,m4 ,lang/on1 ,blan*e ,k4 ,bruce1 ,john ,r4 ,lyn*1 ,p4 ,b4 ,s4 ,p9*back1 ,rob]t ,br[ne ,elliot1 ,t4 ,?omas ,=tune1 & _m o!rs2 b ! ,negro has cont9u$ = tw5ty ye>s to h few] repres5tatives 9 ! ,/ate & national legislatures4 ,! r$uction has cont9u$ until n[ x is at ! po9t :]e1 ) few exceptions1 he is )\t repres5tatives 9 ! law-mak+ bodies ( ! ,/ate & ( ! nation4 ,n[ let u f9d1 if we c1 a cause = ?is4 ,! ,negro is fond ( say+ t 8 pres5t condition is due to ! fact t ! ,/ate & f$]al c\rts h n su/a9$ ! laws pass$ = ! protection ( ! rights ( 8 p2 b ,i ?9k we %all h to g deep] ?an ?is1 because ,i believe t all agree t c\rt decisions1 z a rule1 repres5t ! public op9ion ( ! community or nation creat+ & su/a9+ ! c\rt4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 fre$om x 0 un=tunate t ^? ( ! :ite race :o won ! political confid5ce ( ! ,negro 7 n1 ) few exceptions1 m5 ( su* high "* z w\ld lead !m to assi/ him 9 lay+ a firm f\ndation = 8 developm5t4 ,_! ma9 purpose appe>s to h be51 = selfi% ends 9 too _m in/ances1 m]ely to control 8 vote4 ,! hi/ory ( ! recon/ruction era w %[ t ?is 0 un=tunate = all ! p>ties 9 int]e/4 ,x w\ld h be5 bett]1 f any po9t ( view1 if ! native ,s\!rn :ite man _h tak5 ! ,negro1 at ! beg9n+ ( 8 fre$om1 into 8 political confid5ce1 & ex]cis$ an influ5ce & control ov] him be=e 8 political affections 7 ali5at$4 ,! av]age ,s\!rn :ite man has an idea to-day t1 if ! ,negro 7 p]mitt$ to get any political p[]1 all ! mi/akes ( ! recon/ruction p]iod w\ld be repeat$4 ,he =gets or ignores ! fact t ?irty ye>s ( acquir+ education & prop]ty & "* h produc$ a high] type ( black man ?an exi/$ ?irty ye>s ago4 ,b1 to be m specific1 = all practical purposes1 !re are two political p>ties 9 ! ,s\?1--a black man's p>ty & a :ite man's p>ty4 ,9 say+ ?is1 ,i d n mean t all :ite m5 are ,democrats2 = !re are "s :ite m5 9 ! ,s\? ( ! highe/ "* :o are ,republicans1 & !re are a few ,negroes 9 ! ,s\? ( ! highe/ "* :o are ,democrats4 ,x is ! g5]al und]/&+ t all :ite m5 are ,democrats or ! equival5t1 & t all black m5 are ,republicans4 ,s long z ! col\r l9e is ! divid+ l9e 9 politics1 s long w !re be tr\ble4 ,! :ite man feels t he owns mo/ ( ! prop]ty1 furni%es ! ,negro mo/ ( 8 employm5t1 ?9ks he pays mo/ ( ! taxes1 & has _h ye>s ( exp]i5ce 9 gov]nm5t4 ,!re is no mi/ak+ ! fact t ! feel+ :i* has h]et(ore gov]n$ ! ,negro--t1 to be manly & /& by 8 race1 he mu/ oppose ! ,s\!rn :ite man ) 8 vote--has _h mu* to d ) int5sify+ ! opposition ( ! ,s\!rn :ite man to him4 ,! ,s\!rn :ite man says t x is unreasonable = ! ,negro to come to him1 9 a l>ge measure1 = 8 clo!s1 bo>d1 %elt]1 & education1 & = 8 politics to g to m5 a ?\s& miles away4 ,he v prop]ly argues t1 :5 ! ,negro votes1 he %\ld try to consult ! int]e/s ( 8 employ]1 j z ! ,p5nsylvania employee tries to vote = ! int]e/s ( 8 employ]4 ,fur!r1 t mu* ( ! education :i* has be5 giv5 ! ,negro has be5 defective1 9 n prep>+ him to love lab\r & to e>n 8 liv+ at "s special indu/ry1 & has1 9 too _m cases1 result$ 9 tempt+ him to live by 8 wits z a political creature or by tru/+ to 8 influ5ce z a political "t-s]v]4 ,!n1 !re is no mi/ak+ ! fact1 t mu* opposition to ! ,negro 9 politics is due to ! circum/ance t ! ,s\!rn :ite man has n become accu/om$ to see+ ! ,negro ex]cise political p[] ei!r z a vot] or z an (fice-hold]4 ,aga91 we want to be> x 9 m9d t ! ,s\? has n yet rea*$ ! po9t :]e !re is t /rict reg>d = ! en=cem5t ( ! law aga9/ ei!r black or :ite m5 t !re is 9 _m ( our ,nor!rn & ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,?is laxity 9 ! en=cem5t ( ! laws 9 g5]al1 & especially ( crim9al laws1 makes su* outbreaks z ^? 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,s\? ,c>ol9a ( easy occurr5ce4 ,!n !re is "o o!r consid]ation :i* mu/ n be ov]look$4 ,x is ! common op9ion ( almo/ e black man & almo/ e :ite man t ne>ly ev]ybody :o has _h any?+ to d ) ! mak+ ( laws be>+ ^u ! protection ( ! ,negro's vote has proce$$ on ! !ory t all ! black m5 = all "t w vote ! ,republican ticket & t all ! :ite m5 9 ! ,s\? w vote ! ,democratic ticket4 ,9 a ^w1 all seem to h tak5 x = grant$ t ! two races are always go+ to oppose ea* o!r 9 _! vot+4 ,9 all ! =ego+ /atem5ts ,i h n attempt$ to def9e my own views or position1 b simply to describe conditions z ,i h obs]v$ !m1 t might ?r[ light ^u ! cause ( our political tr\bles4 ,z to my own position1 ,i d n fav\r ! ,negro's giv+ up any?+ :i* is fundam5tal & :i* has be5 gu>ante$ to him by ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is n be/ = him to rel9qui% any ( 8 rights2 nor w\ld 8 do+ s be be/ = ! ,s\!rn :ite man4 ,e law plac$ 9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 plac$ !re to enc\rage & /imulate ! highe/ citiz5%ip4 ,if ! ,negro is n /imulat$ & enc\rag$ by j ,/ate & national laws to become ! highe/ type ( citiz51 ! result w be worse = ! ,s\!rn :ite man ?an = ! ,negro4 ,take ! ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 = example1 :]e ne>ly two-?irds ( ! population are ,negroes4 ,unless ^! ,negroes are enc\rag$ by j election laws to become tax-pay]s & intellig5t produc]s1 ! :ite p ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a w h an et]nal mill/one ab\t _! necks4 ,9 an op5 lett] to ! ,/ate ,con/itutional ,conv5tion ( ,l\isiana1 ,i wrote3 ,i am no politician4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i h always advis$ my race to give att5tion to acquir+ prop]ty1 intellig5ce1 & "*1 z ! necess>y bases ( good citiz5%ip1 r ?an to m]e political agitation4 ,b ! "q ^u :i* ,i write is out ( ! region ( ord9>y politics4 ,x affects ! civilisation ( two races1 n = to-day alone1 b = a v long "t to come4 ,s9ce ! w>1 no ,/ate has _h su* an opportunity to settle1 = all "t1 ! race "q1 s f> z x conc]ns politics1 z is n[ giv5 to ,l\isiana4 ,w y\r conv5tion set an example to ! _w 9 ?is respect8 ,w ,l\isiana take su* high & j gr\nds 9 respect to ! ,negro t no "o c d\bt t ! ,s\? is z good a fri5d to him z he possesses else:]e8 ,9 all ?is1 g5tlem5 ( ! conv5tion1 ,i am n plead+ = ! ,negro alone1 b = ! morals1 ! high] life1 ( ! :ite man z well4 ,! ,negro agrees ) y t x is necess>y to ! salvation ( ! ,s\? t re/rictions be put ^u ! ballot4 ,i "k t y h two s]i\s problems be=e y2 ignorant & corrupt gov]nm5t1 on ! "o h&2 &1 on ! o!r1 a way to re/rict ! ballot s t control w be 9 ! h&s ( ! intellig5t1 )\t reg>d to race4 ,) ! s9c]e/ sympa?y ) y 9 y\r ef=ts to f9d a good way out ( ! difficulty1 ,i want to sugge/ t no ,/ate 9 ! ,s\? c make a law t w provide an opportunity or temptation = an ignorant :ite man to vote1 & )hold ! opportunity or temptation f an ignorant col\r$ man1 )\t injur+ bo? m54 ,no ,/ate c make a law t c ?us be execut$ )\t dw>f+1 = all "t1 ! morals ( ! :ite man 9 ! ,s\?4 ,any law controll+ ! ballot t is n absolutely j & fair to bo? races w "w m p]man5t injury to ! :ites ?an to ! blacks4 ,! ,negro does n object to an educational & prop]ty te/1 b let ! law be s cle> t no "o clo!d ) ,/ate au?ority w be tempt$ to p]jure & degrade himself by putt+ "o int]pretation ^u x = ! :ite man & ano!r = ! black man4 ,/udy ! hi/ory ( ! ,s\?1 & y w f9d t1 :]e !re has be5 ! mo/ di%one/y 9 ! matt] ( vot+1 !re y w f9d to-day ! l[e/ moral condition ( bo? races4 ,fir/1 !re 0 ! temptation to act wrongly ) ! ,negro's ballot4 ,f ?is x 0 an easy /ep to act di%one/ly ) ! :ite man's ballot1 to ! c>ry+ ( conceal$ weapons1 to ! murd] ( a ,negro1 & !n to ! murd] ( a :ite man1 & !n to lyn*+4 ,i entreat y n to pass a law t w prove an et]nal mill/one ab\t ! necks ( y\r *ildr54 ,no man c h respect = ! gov]nm5t & (fic]s ( ! law :5 he kn[s1 deep d[n 9 8 he>t1 t ! ex]cise ( ! fran*ise is ta9t$ ) fraud4 ,! road t ! ,s\? has be5 compell$ to travel dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s has be5 /rewn ) ?orns & ?i/les4 ,x has be5 z "o grop+ ?r\gh ! long d>kness into ! light4 ,! "t is n f> di/ant :5 ! _w w beg9 to appreciate ! real "* ( ! burd5 t 0 impos$ ^u ! ,s\? 9 giv+ ! fran*ise to f\r millions ( ignorant & impov]i%$ ex-slaves4 ,no p 0 ev] be=e giv5 su* a problem to solve4 ,hi/ory has blaz$ no pa? ?r\gh ! wild]ness t c\ld be foll[$4 ,= ?irty ye>s we h w&]$ 9 ! wild]ness4 ,we are n[ beg9n+ to get out4 ,b !re is only "o road out2 & all make%ifts1 exp$i5ts1 pr(it & loss calculations1 b lead into swamps1 quicks&s1 quagmires1 & jungles4 ,!re is a highway t w lead bo? races out into ! pure1 beautiful sun%9e1 :]e !re w be no?+ to hide & no?+ to expla91 :]e bo? races c gr[ /rong & true & useful 9 e fibre ( _! be+4 ,i believe t y\r conv5tion w f9d ?is highway1 t x w enact a fundam5tal law t w be absolutely j & fair to :ite & black alike4 ,i beg ( y1 fur!r1 t 9 ! degree t y close ! ballot-box aga9/ ! ignorant y w op5 ! s*ool-h\se4 ,m ?an "o-half ( ! population ( y\r ,/ate are ,negroes4 ,no ,/ate c long prosp] :5 a l>ge "p ( its citiz5%ip is 9 ignorance & pov]ty1 & has no int]e/ 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,i beg ( y t y d n treat u z an ali5 p4 ,we are n ali5s4 ,y "k u4 ,y "k t we h cle>$ y\r =e/s1 till$ y\r fields1 nurs$ y\r *ildr51 & protect$ y\r families4 ,!re is an atta*m5t betwe5 u t few und]/&4 ,:ile ,i d n presume to be able to advise y1 yet x is 9 my he>t to say t1 if y\r conv5tion w\ld d some?+ t w\ld prev5t = all "t /ra9$ relations betwe5 ! two races1 & w\ld p]man5tly settle ! matt] ( political relations 9 "o ,s\!rn ,/ate at lea/1 let ! v be/ educational opportunities be provid$ = bo? races2 & add to ?is an election law t %all be incapable ( unju/ discrim9ation1 at ! same "t provid+ t1 9 proportion z ! ignorant secure education1 prop]ty1 & "*1 !y w be giv5 ! "r ( citiz5%ip4 ,any o!r c\rse w take f "o-half y\r citiz5s int]e/ 9 ! ,/ate1 & hope & ambition to become intellig5t produc]s & tax-pay]s1 & useful & virtu\s citiz5s4 ,any o!r c\rse w tie ! :ite citiz5s ( ,l\isiana to a body ( dea?4 ,! ,negroes are n unm9dful ( ! fact t ! pov]ty ( ! ,/ate prev5ts x f do+ all t x desires = public education2 yet ,i believe t y w agree ) me t ignorance is m co/ly to ! ,/ate ?an education1 t x w co/ ,l\isiana m n to educate ! ,negroes ?an x w to educate !m4 ,9 connection ) a g5]\s provision = public s*ools1 ,i believe t no?+ w s help my own p 9 y\r ,/ate z provision at "s in/itution = ! highe/ academic & normal tra9+1 9 connection ) ?or\gh tra9+ 9 agriculture1 me*anics1 & dome/ic economy4 ,fir/-class tra9+ 9 agriculture1 horticulture1 dairy+1 /ock-rais+1 ! me*anical arts1 & dome/ic economy1 w\ld make u intellig5t produc]s1 & n only help u to contribute our hone/ %>e z tax-pay]s1 b w\ld result 9 reta9+ mu* money 9 ! ,/ate t n[ goes outside = t :i* c be z well produc$ at home4 ,an in/itution :i* w give ?is tra9+ ( ! h&1 along ) ! highe/ m5tal culture1 w\ld soon conv9ce our p t _! salvation is l>gely 9 ! own]%ip ( prop]ty & 9 indu/rial & bus9ess developm5t1 r ?an 9 m]e political agitation4 ,! highe/ te/ ( ! civilisation ( any race is 9 its will+ness to ext5d a help+ h& to ! less =tunate4 ,a race1 l an individual1 lifts itself up by lift+ o!rs up4 ,surely1 no p ev] _h a great] *ance to exhibit ! highe/ ,*ri/ian =titude & magnanimity ?an is n[ pres5t$ to ! p ( ,l\isiana4 ,x requires little wisdom or /atesman%ip to repress1 to cru% out1 to ret>d ! hopes & aspirations ( a p2 b ! highe/ & mo/ pr(\nd /atesman%ip is %[n 9 guid+ & /imulat+ a p1 s t e fibre 9 ! body & s\l %all be made to contribute 9 ! highe/ degree to ! usefulness & ability ( ! ,/ate4 ,x is along ?is l9e t ,i pray ,god ! ?\ghts & activities ( y\r conv5tion may be guid$4 ,z to su* outbreaks z h rec5tly occurr$ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ! rem$y w n be rea*$ by ! ,s\!rn :ite man m]ely depriv+ ! ,negro ( 8 rights & privileges4 ,?is me?od is b sup]ficial1 irritat+1 & mu/1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 be %ort-liv$4 ,! /atesman1 to cure an evil1 resorts to enlight5m5t1 to /imulation2 ! politician1 to repression4 ,i h j rem>k$ t ,i fav\r ! giv+ up ( no?+ t is gu>ante$ to u by ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or t is fundam5tal to our citiz5%ip4 ,:ile ,i hold to ^! views z /rongly z any "o1 ,i diff] ) "s z to ! me?od ( secur+ ! p]man5t & peaceful enjoym5t ( all ! privileges gu>ante$ to u by our fundam5tal law4 ,9 f9d+ a rem$y1 we mu/ recognise ! _w-wide fact t ! ,negro mu/ be l$ to see & feel t he mu/ make e ef=t possible1 9 e way possible1 to secure ! fri5d%ip1 ! confid5ce1 ! co-op]ation ( 8 :ite neighb\r 9 ! ,s\?4 ,to d ?is1 x is n necess>y = ! ,negro to become a truckl] or a trimm]4 ,! ,s\!rn :ite man has no respect = a ,negro :o does n act f pr9ciple4 ,9 "s way ! ,s\!rn :ite man mu/ be l$ to see t x is to 8 int]e/ to turn 8 att5tion m & m to ! mak+ ( laws t w1 9 ! true/ s5se1 elevate ! ,negro4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t1 9 _m cases1 :5 "o attempts to get ! ,negro to co-op]ate ) ! ,s\!rn :ite man1 he asks ! "q1 ,c ! p :o =ce me to ride 9 a ,jim ,cr[ c>1 & pay fir/-class f>e1 be my be/ fri5ds8 ,9 answ]+ su* que/ions1 ! ,s\!rn :ite man1 z well z ! ,negro1 has a duty to p]=m4 ,9 ! ex]cise ( 8 political rights ,i %\ld advise ! ,negro to be temp]ate & mode/1 & m & m to d 8 own ?9k+4 ,i believe ! p]man5t cure = our pres5t evils w come ?r\gh a prop]ty & educational te/ = vot+ t %all apply hone/ly & fairly to bo? races4 ,?is w cut (f ! l>ge mass ( ignorant vot]s ( bo? races t is n[ prov+ s demoralis+ a factor 9 ! politics ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,b1 mo/ ( all1 x w come ?r\gh indu/rial developm5t ( ! ,negro4 ,indu/rial education makes an intellig5t produc] ( ! ,negro1 :o becomes ( imm$iate value to ! community r ?an "o :o yields to ! temptation to live m]ely by politics or o!r p>asitical employm5ts4 ,x w make him soon become a prop]ty-hold]2 &1 :5 a citiz5 becomes a hold] ( prop]ty1 he becomes a cons]vative & ?\ghtful vot]4 ,he w m c>efully consid] ! measures & individuals to be vot$ =4 ,9 proportion z he increases 8 prop]ty int]e/s1 he becomes important z a tax-pay]4 ,!re is little tr\ble betwe5 ! ,negro & ! :ite man 9 matt]s ( education2 &1 :5 x comes to 8 bus9ess developm5t1 ! black man has implicit fai? 9 ! advice ( ! ,s\!rn :ite man4 ,:5 he gets into tr\ble 9 ! c\rts1 :i* requires a bond to be giv51 9 n9e cases out ( t51 he goes to a ,s\!rn :ite man = advice & assi/ance4 ,e "o :o has liv$ 9 ! ,s\? kn[s t1 9 _m ( ! *ur* tr\bles among ! col\r$ p1 ! m9i/]s & o!r *ur* (fic]s apply to ! ne>e/ :ite m9i/] = assi/ance & in/ruction4 ,:5 by reason ( mutual concession we rea* ! po9t :]e we %all consult ! ,s\!rn :ite man ab\t our politics z we n[ consult him ab\t our bus9ess1 legal1 & religi\s matt]s1 !re w be a *ange = ! bett] 9 ! situation4 ,! object-lesson ( a ?\s& ,negroes 9 e c\nty 9 ! ,s\? :o own neat & com=table homes1 possess+ skill1 indu/ry1 & ?rift1 ) money 9 ! bank1 & are l>ge tax-pay]s co-op]at+ ) ! :ite m5 9 ! ,s\? 9 e manly way = ! developm5t ( _! own communities & c\nties1 w g a long way1 9 a few ye>s1 t[>d *ang+ ! pres5t /atus ( ! ,negro z a citiz51 z well z ! attitude ( ! :ites t[>d ! blacks4 ,z ! ,negro gr[s 9 indu/rial & bus9ess directions1 he w divide 9 8 politics on economic issues1 j z ! :ite man 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry n[ divides 8 vote4 ,z ! ,s\? gr[s 9 bus9ess prosp]ity x w divide its vote on economic issues1 j z o!r sections ( ! c\ntry divide _! vote4 ,:5 we c enact laws t result 9 hone/ly cutt+ (f ! l>ge ignorant & non-tax-pay+ vote1 & :5 we c br+ bo? races to ! po9t :]e !y w co-op]ate ) ea* o!r 9 politics1 z !y d n[ 9 matt]s ( bus9ess1 religion1 & education1 ! problem w be 9 a l>ge measure solv$1 & political outbreaks w cease4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,"o ( ! great que/ions :i* ,*ri/ian education mu/ face 9 ! ,s\? is ! prop] adju/m5t ( ! new relations ( ! two races4 ,x is a "q :i* mu/ be fac$ calmly1 quietly1 dispassionately2 & ! "t has n[ come to rise above p>ty1 above race1 above col\r1 above sectionalism1 into ! region ( duty ( man to man1 ( ,am]ican to ,am]ican1 ( ,*ri/ian to ,*ri/ian4 ,i rememb] n long ago1 :5 ab\t five hundr$ col\r$ p sail$ f ! port ( ,savannah b\nd = ,lib]ia1 t ! news 0 fla%$ all ov] ! c\ntry1 ,! ,negro has made up 8 m9d to return to 8 own c\ntry1 & t1 9 ?is 0 ! solution ( ! race problem 9 ! ,s\?4 ,b ^! %ort-sight$ p =got ! fact t be=e breakfa/ t morn+ ab\t five hundr$ m ,negro *ildr5 7 born 9 ! ,s\? alone4 ,& !n1 once 9 a :ile1 somebody is s bold z to pr$ict t ! ,negro w be absorb$ by ! :ite race4 ,let u look at ?is phase ( ! "q = a mom5t4 ,x is a fact t1 if a p]son is kn[n to h "o p] c5t4 ( ,african blood 9 8 ve9s1 he ceases to be a :ite man4 ,! n9ety-n9e p] c5t4 ( ,caucasian blood does n weigh by ! side ( ! "o p] c5t4 ( ,african blood4 ,! :ite blood c\nts = no?+4 ,! p]son is a ,negro e "t4 ,s x w be a v difficult task = ! :ite man to absorb ! ,negro4 ,somebody else conceiv$ ! idea ( colonis+ ! col\r$ p1 ( gett+ t]ritory :]e nobody liv$1 putt+ ! col\r$ p !re1 & lett+ !m be a nation all by !mselves4 ,!re are two objections to t4 ,fir/1 y w\ld h to build "o wall to keep ! col\r$ p 91 & ano!r wall to keep ! :ite p out4 ,if y 7 to build t5 walls ar\nd ,africa to-day y c\ld n keep ! :ite p out1 especially z long z !re 0 a hope ( f9d+ gold !re4 ,i h always _h ! highe/ respect = ^? ( our race :o1 9 try+ to f9d a solution = our ,s\!rn problem1 advis$ a return ( ! race to ,africa1 & because ( my respect = ^? :o h ?us advis$1 especially ,bi%op ,h5ry ,m4 ,turn]1 ,i h tri$ to make a c>eful & unbiass$ /udy ( ! "q1 dur+ a rec5t soj\rn 9 ,europe1 to see :at opportunities pres5t$ !mselves 9 ,africa = self-developm5t & self-gov]nm5t4 ,i am free to say t ,i see no way out ( ! ,negro's pres5t condition 9 ! ,s\? by return+ to ,africa4 ,aside f o!r insurm\ntable ob/acles1 !re is no place 9 ,africa = him to g :]e 8 condition w\ld be improv$4 ,all ,europe--especially ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,g]many--has be5 runn+ a mad race = ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 to see :i* c\ld gobble up ! great] "p ( ,africa2 & !re is practically no?+ left4 ,old ,k+ ,cetewayo put x pretty well :5 he said1 ,fir/ come mission>y1 !n come rum1 !n come trad]s1 !n come army2 & ,cecil ,rhodes has express$ ! prevail+ s5tim5t m rec5tly 9 ^! words1 ,i w\ld r h l& ?an 'nigg]s4' ,& ,cecil ,rhodes is directly responsible = ! kill+ ( ?\s&s ( black natives 9 ,s\? ,africa1 t he might secure _! l&4 ,9 a talk ) ,h5ry ,m4 ,/anley1 ! explor]1 he told me t he knew no place 9 ,africa :]e ! ,negroes ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates might g to advantage2 b ,i want to be m specific4 ,let u see h[ ,africa has be5 divid$1 & !n decide :e!r !re is a place left = u4 ,on ! ,m$it]ranean coa/ ( ,africa1 ,morocco is an indep5d5t ,/ate1 ,alg]ia is a ,fr5* possession1 ,tunis is a ,fr5* protectorate1 ,tripoli is a prov9ce ( ! ,ottoman ,empire1 ,egypt is a prov9ce ( ,turkey4 ,on ! ,atlantic coa/1 ,sah>a is a ,fr5* protectorate1 ,adr> is claim$ by ,spa91 ,s5egambia is a ,fr5* trad+ settlem5t1 ,gambia is a ,briti% cr[n colony1 ,si]ra ,leone is a ,briti% cr[n colony4 ,lib]ia is a republic ( fre$ ,negroes1 ,gold ,coa/ & ,a%anti are ,briti% colonies & ,briti% protectorates1 ,togol& is a ,g]man protectorate1 ,dahomey is a k+dom subject to ,fr5* influ5ce1 ,slave ,coa/ is a ,briti% colony & ,briti% protectorate1 ,nig] ,coa/ is a ,briti% protectorate1 ! ,cam]oons are trad+ settlem5ts protect$ by ,g]many1 ,fr5* ,congo is a ,fr5* protectorate1 ,congo ,free ,/ate is an int]national ,african ,association1 ,angola & ,b5guela are ,portuguese protectorates1 & ! inl& c\ntries are controll$ z foll[s3 ,! ,nig] ,/ates1 ,mas9a1 etc41 are "u ,fr5* protection2 ,l& ,g&u is "u ,briti% protection1 adm9i/]$ by ! ,royal ,haussan ,nig] ,company4 ,s\? ,africa is controll$ z foll[s3 ,dam>a & ,namaqua ,l& are ,g]man protectorates1 ,cape ,colony is a ,briti% colony1 ,basutol& is a ,cr[n colony1 ,be*uanal& is a ,briti% protectorate1 ,natal is a ,briti% colony1 ,zulul& is a ,briti% protectorate1 ,orange ,free ,/ate is indep5d5t1 ! ,s\? ,african ,republic is indep5d5t1 & ! ,zambesi is adm9i/]$ by ! ,briti% ,s\? ,african ,company4 ,l\r5ce ,m>ques is a ,portuguese possession4 ,ea/ ,africa has also be5 dispos$ ( 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,mozambique is a ,portuguese possession1 ,briti% ,c5tral ,africa is a ,briti% protectorate1 ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa is 9 ! ,g]man sph]e ( influ5ce1 ,zanzib> is a sultanate "u ,briti% protection1 ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa is a ,briti% protectorate1 ,somalil& is "u ,briti% & ,italian protection1 ,abyss9ia is indep5d5t4 ,ea/ ,s\dan 7includ+ ,nubia1 ,kord(an1 ,d>fur1 & ,wadai7 is 9 ! ,briti% sph]e ( influ5ce4 ,x w be not$ t1 :5 "o ( ^! ,european c\ntries _c get direct control ov] any section ( ,africa1 x at once gives x out to ! _w t ! c\ntry want$ is 9 ! sph]e ( its influ5ce1--a v conv5i5t t]m4 ,if we are to g to ,africa1 & be "u ! control ( ano!r gov]nm5t1 ,i ?9k we %\ld pref] to take our *ances 9 ! sph]e ( influ5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,all ?is %[s pretty conclusively t a return to ,africa = ! ,negro is out ( ! "q1 ev5 provid$ t a majority ( ! ,negroes wi%$ to g back1 :i* !y d n4 ,! adju/m5t ( ! relations ( ! two races mu/ take place "h2 & x is tak+ place sl[ly1 b surely4 ,z ! ,negro is educat$ to make homes & to respect himself1 ! :ite man w 9 turn respect him4 ,x has be5 urg$ t ! ,negro has inh]5t 9 him c]ta9 traits ( "* t w prev5t 8 ev] rea*+ ! /&>d ( civilisation set by ! :ites1 & tak+ 8 place among !m z an equal4 ,x may be "s "t be=e ! ,negro race z a :ole c /& comp>ison ) ! :ite 9 all respects1--x w\ld be mo/ rem>kable1 consid]+ ! pa/1 if x 7 n s2 b ! idea t 8 objectionable traits & weaknesses are fundam5tal1 ,i ?9k1 is a mi/ake4 ,=1 al?\gh !re are elem5ts ( weakness ab\t ! ,negro race1 !re are also _m evid5ces ( /r5g?4 ,x is an enc\rag+ sign1 h[ev]1 :5 an individual gr[s to ! po9t :]e he c hold himself up = p]sonal analysis & /udy4 ,x is equally enc\rag+ = a race to be able to /udy itself1--to measure its weakness & /r5g?4 ,x is n helpful to a race to be cont9ually prais$ & h its weakness ov]look$1 nei!r is x ! mo/ helpful ?+ to h its faults alone cont9ually dwelt ^u4 ,:at is ne$$ is d[nright1 /raight=w>d hone/y 9 bo? directions2 & ?is is n always to be obta9$4 ,!re is little "q t "o ( ! ,negroes' weak po9ts is physical4 ,especially is ?is true reg>d+ ^? :o live 9 ! l>ge cities1 ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,b 9 almo/ e case ?is physical weakness c be trac$ to ignorant violation ( ! laws ( heal? or to vici\s habits4 ,! ,negro1 :o dur+ slav]y liv$ on ! l>ge plantations 9 ! ,s\?1 surr\nd$ by re/ra9ts1 at ! close ( ! w> came to ! cities1 & 9 _m cases f\nd ! fre$om & temptations ( ! city too mu* = him4 ,! transition 0 too sudd54 ,:5 we consid] :at x meant to h f\r millions ( p slaves to-day & freem5 to-morr[1 ! wond] is t ! race has n suff]$ m physically ?an x has4 ,i d n believe t /ati/ics c be s m>%all$ z to prove t ! ,negro z a race is physically or num]ically on ! decl9e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,negro z a race is increas+ 9 numb]s by a l>g] p]c5tage ?an is true ( ! ,fr5* nation4 ,:ile ! dea?-rate is l>ge 9 ! cities1 ! bir?-rate is also l>ge2 & x is to be borne 9 m9d t eighty-five p] c5t4 ( ^! p 9 ! ,gulf ,/ates are 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts & small] t[ns1 & !re ! increase is along heal?y & normal l9es4 ,z ! ,negro becomes educat$1 ! high dea?-rate 9 ! cities w disappe>4 ,= pro( ( ?is1 ,i h only to m5tion t a few ye>s ago no col\r$ man c\ld get insurance 9 ! l>ge fir/-class insurance companies4 ,n[ !re are few ( ^! companies :i* d n seek ! insurance ( educat$ col\r$ m54 ,9 ! ,nor? & ,s\? ! physical intoxication t 0 ! result ( sudd5 fre$om is giv+ way to an enc\rag+1 sob]+ process2 &1 z ?is cont9ues1 ! high dea?-rate w disappe> ev51 9 ! l>ge cities4 ,ano!r elem5t ( weakness :i* %[s itself 9 ! pres5t /age ( ! civilisation ( ! ,negro is 8 lack ( ability to =m a purpose & /ick to x ?r\gh a s]ies ( ye>s1 if ne$ be1--ye>s t involve disc\ragem5t z well z enc\ragem5t1--till ! end %all be rea*$4 ,( c\rse !re are brilliant exceptions to ?is rule2 b !re is no "q t "h is an elem5t ( weakness1 & ! same1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld be true ( any race ) ! ,negro's hi/ory4 ,few ( ! resolutions :i* are made 9 conv5tions1 etc41 are rememb]$ & put into practice six mon?s aft] ! w>m? & en?usiasm ( ! debat+ hall h disappe>$4 ,?is1 ,i "k1 is an elem5t ( ! :ite man's weakness1 b x is ! ,negro ,i am discuss+1 n ! :ite man4 ,individually1 ! ,negro is /rong4 ,collectively1 he is weak4 ,?is is n to be wond]$ at4 ,! ability to succe$ 9 organis$ bodies is "o ( ! highe/ po9ts 9 civilisation4 ,!re are scores ( col\r$ m5 :o c succe$ 9 any l9e ( bus9ess z individuals1 or w discuss any subject 9 a mo/ intellig5t mann]1 yet :o1 :5 !y attempt to act 9 an organis$ body1 are utt] failures4 ,b ! weakness ( ! ,negro :i* is mo/ frequ5tly held up to ! public gaze is t ( 8 moral "*4 ,no "o :o wants to be hone/ & at ! same "t b5efit ! race w d5y t "h is :]e ! /r5g!n+ is to be done4 ,x has become univ]sally accept$ t ! family is ! f\ndation1 ! bulw>k1 ( any race4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 sorr[fully )al1 t x 0 ! con/ant t5d5cy ( slav]y to de/roy ! family life4 ,all ?r\gh two hundr$ & fifty ye>s ( slav]y1 "o ( ! *ief objects 0 to increase ! numb] ( slaves2 & to ?is end almo/ all ?\ght ( morality 0 lo/ sight (1 s t ! ,negro has _h only ab\t ?irty ye>s 9 :i* to develop a family life2 :ile ! ,anglo-,saxon rate1 ) :i* he is con/antly be+ comp>$1 has _h ?\s&s ( ye>s ( tra9+ 9 home life4 ,! ,negro felt all ?r\gh ! ye>s ( bondage t he 0 be+ =cibly & unju/ly depriv$ ( ! fruits ( 8 lab\r4 ,h5ce he felt t any?+ he c\ld get f ! :ite man 9 return = ?is lab\r ju/ly belong$ to him4 ,s9ce ?is 0 true1 we mu/ be pati5t 9 try+ to tea* him a diff]5t code ( morals4 ,f ! nature ( ?+s1 all ?r\gh slav]y x 0 life 9 ! future _w t 0 emphasis$ 9 religi\s tea*+ r ?an life 9 ?is _w4 ,9 8 religi\s meet+s 9 ante-bellum days ! ,negro 0 prev5t$ f discuss+ _m po9ts ( practical religion :i* relat$ to ?is _w2 & ! :ite m9i/]1 :o 0 8 spiritual guide1 f\nd x m conv5i5t to talk ab\t heav5 ?an e>?1 s v naturally t to-day 9 8 religi\s meet+ x is ! ,negro's feel+s :i* are work$ ^u mo/ly1 & x is description ( ! glories ( heav5 t occupy mo/ ( ! "t ( 8 s]mon4 ,hav+ t\*$ ^u "s ( ! weak po9ts ( ! ,negro1 :at are 8 /rong *>act]i/ics8 ,! ,negro 9 ,am]ica is diff]5t f mo/ p = :om mission>y ef=t is made1 9 t he works4 ,he is n a%am$ or afraid ( "w4 ,:5 h>d1 con/ant "w is requir$1 ask any ,s\!rn :ite man1 & he w tell y t 9 ?is ! ,negro has no sup]ior4 ,he is n giv5 to /rikes or to lock\ts4 ,he n only works himself1 b he is unwill+ to prev5t o!r p f work+4 ,( ! =ty build+s ( v>i\s k9ds & sizes on ! gr\nds ( ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute1 9 ,alabama1 z ,i h /at$ be=e1 almo/ all ( !m are ! results ( ! lab\r p]=m$ by ! /ud5ts :ile secur+ _! academic education4 ,"o day ! /ud5t is 9 8 hi/ory class4 ,! next day ! same /ud5t1 equally happy1 ) 8 tr[el & 9 ov]alls1 is work+ on a brick wall4 ,:ile at pres5t ! ,negro may lack t t5aci\s m5tal grasp :i* enables "o to pursue a sci5tific or ma!matical inve/igation ?r\gh a s]ies ( ye>s1 he has t delicate1 m5tal feel+ :i* enables him to succe$ 9 oratory1 music1 etc4 ,:ile ,i h spok5 ( ! ,negro's moral weakness1 ,i hope x w be kept 9 m9d t 9 8 orig9al /ate 8 is an hone/ race4 ,x 0 slav]y t corrupt$ him 9 ?is respect4 ,b 9 morals he also has 8 /rong po9ts4 ,few h ev] f\nd ! ,negro guilty ( betray+ a tru/4 ,!re are almo/ no in/ances 9 :i* ! ,negro betray$ ei!r a ,f$]al or a ,conf$]ate soldi] :o confid$ 9 him4 ,!re are few in/ances :]e ! ,negro has be5 entru/$ ) valuables :5 he has n be5 fai?ful4 ,?is c\ntry has nev] _h a m loyal citiz54 ,he has nev] prov5 himself a rebel4 ,%\ld ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 :i* s long held him 9 slav]y1 be invad$ by a =eign foe1 ! ,negro w\ld be among ! fir/ to come to ! rescue4 ,p]haps ! mo/ enc\rag+ ?+ 9 connection ) ! lift+ up ( ! ,negro 9 ?is c\ntry is ! fact t he kn[s t he is d[n & wants to get up1 he kn[s t he is ignorant & wants to get light4 ,he fills e s*ool-h\se & e *ur* :i* is op5$ = him4 ,he is will+ to foll[ lead]s1 :5 he is once conv9c$ t ! lead]s h 8 be/ int]e/ at he>t4 ,"u ! con/ant influ5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian education :i* began ?irty-five ye>s ago1 8 religion is e ye> becom+ less emotional & m rational & practical1 ?\gh ,i1 = "o1 hope t he w always reta9 9 a l>ge degree ! emotional elem5t 9 religion4 ,dur+ ! two hundr$ & fifty ye>s t ! ,negro sp5t 9 slav]y he _h little cause or inc5tive to accumulate money or prop]ty4 ,?irty-five ye>s ago ?is 0 some?+ :i* he _h to beg9 to le>n4 ,:ile ! great bulk ( ! race is /ill )\t money & prop]ty1 yet ! signs ( ?rift are evid5t on e h&4 ,especially is ?is noticeable 9 ! l>ge numb] ( neat little homes :i* are own$ by ^! p on ! out] edges ( ! t[ns & cities 9 ! ,s\?4 ,i wi% to give an example ( ! sort ( ?+ ! ,negro has to cont5d )1 h[ev]1 9 8 ef=ts to lift himself up4 ,n long ago a "m1 a black "m1 :o liv$ 9 "o ( our ,nor!rn ,/ates1 _h he>d x :isp]$ ar\nd 9 h] community = ye>s t ! ,negro 0 lazy1 %iftless1 & w\ld n "w4 ,s1 :5 h] only boy grew to suffici5t size1 at consid]able exp5se & great self-sacrifice1 %e _h h] boy ?or\ghly taught ! ma*9i/'s trade4 ,a job 0 secur$ 9 a neighb\r+ %op4 ,) d9n] bucket 9 h& & spurr$ on by ! pray]s ( ! n[ happy-he>t$ "m1 ! boy ent]$ ! %op to beg9 8 fir/ day's "w4 ,:at happ5$8 ,e "o ( ! tw5ty :ite m5 ?rew d[n 8 tools1 & delib]ately walk$ out1 swe>+ t he w\ld n give a black man an opportunity to e>n an hone/ liv+4 ,ano!r %op 0 tri$ ) ! same result1 & /ill ano!r1 ! result ev] ! same4 ,to-day ?is once promis+1 ambiti\s black man is a wreck1--a confirm$ drunk>d1--) no hope1 no ambition4 ,i ask1 ,:o bla/$ ! life ( ?is "y man8 ,on ^: h&s does 8 lifeblood re/8 ,! pres5t sy/em ( education1 or r want ( education1 is responsible4 ,public s*ools & colleges %\ld turn out m5 :o w ?r[ op5 ! doors ( indu/ry1 s t all m51 ev]y:]e1 reg>dless ( col\r1 %all h ! same opportunity to e>n a doll> t !y n[ h to sp5d x4 ,i "k ( a good _m k9ds ( c[>dice & prejudice1 b ,i "k none equal to ?is4 ,i "k n :i* is ! wor/1--! slavehold] :o p]=ce compell$ 8 slave to "w )\t comp5sation or ! man :o1 by =ce & /rikes1 compels 8 neighb\r to refra9 f work+ = comp5sation4 ,! ,negro w be on a diff]5t foot+ 9 ?is c\ntry :5 x becomes common to associate ! possession ( weal? ) a black sk94 ,x is n )9 ! prov9ce ( human nature t ! man :o is intellig5t & virtu\s1 & owns & cultivates ! be/ f>m 9 8 c\nty1 is ! l>ge/ tax-pay]1 %all v long be d5i$ prop] respect & consid]ation4 ,^? :o w\ld help ! ,negro mo/ effectually dur+ ! next fifty ye>s c d s by assi/+ 9 8 developm5t along sci5tific & indu/rial l9es 9 connection ) ! broade/ m5tal & religi\s culture4 ,f ! results ( ! w> ) ,spa9 let u le>n ?is1 t ,god has be5 tea*+ ! ,spani% nation a t]rible lesson4 ,:at is x8 ,simply ?is1 t no nation c disreg>d ! int]e/ ( any portion ( its memb]s )\t t nation becom+ weak & corrupt4 ,! p5alty may be long delay$4 ,god has be5 tea*+ ,spa9 t = e "o ( h] subjects t %e has left 9 ignorance1 pov]ty1 & crime ! price mu/ be paid2 &1 if x has n be5 paid ) ! v he>t ( ! nation1 x mu/ be paid ) ! pr\de/ & blue/ blood ( h] sons & ) treasure t is beyond computation4 ,f ?is spectacle ,i pray ,god t ,am]ica w le>n a lesson 9 respect to ! t5 million ,negroes 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,negroes 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are1 9 mo/ ( ! elem5ts ( civilisation1 weak4 ,provid5ce has plac$ !m "h n )\t a purpose4 ,"o object1 9 my op9ion1 is t ! /rong] race may imbibe a lesson f ! weak] 9 pati5ce1 =be>ance1 & *ildlike yet supreme tru/ 9 ! ,god ( ! ,univ]se4 ,?is race has be5 plac$ "h t ! :ite man might h a great opportunity ( lift+ himself by lift+ x up4 ,out f ! ,negro colleges & indu/rial s*ools 9 ! ,s\? !re are go+ =? ea* ye> ?\s&s ( "y m5 & wom5 into d>k & seclud$ corn]s1 into lonely log s*ool-h\ses1 amid/ pov]ty & ignorance2 & ?\gh1 :5 !y g =?1 no drums beat1 no bann]s fly1 no fri5ds *e]1 yet !y are fight+ ! battles ( ?is c\ntry j z truly & bravely z ^? :o g =? to d battle aga9/ a =eign enemy4 ,if !y are enc\rag$ & prop]ly support$ 9 _! "w ( educat+ ! masses 9 ! indu/ries1 9 economy1 & 9 morals1 z well z m5tally1 !y w1 be=e _m ye>s1 get ! race ^u su* an intellectual1 indu/rial1 & f9ancial foot+ t x w be able to enjoy )\t mu* tr\ble all ! rights inh]5t 9 ,am]ican citiz5%ip4 ,n[1 if we wi% to br+ ! race to a po9t :]e x %\ld be1 :]e x w be /rong1 & gr[ & prosp]1 we h got to1 9 e way possible1 enc\rage x4 ,we c d ?is 9 no bett] way ?an by cultivat+ t am\nt ( fai? 9 ! race :i* w make u patronise its own ent]prises :]ev] ^? ent]prises are wor? patronis+4 ,i d n believe mu* 9 ! advice t is (t5 giv5 t we %\ld patronise ! ent]prises ( our race )\t reg>d to ! wor? ( ^? ent]prises4 ,i believe t ! be/ way to br+ ! race to ! po9t :]e x w comp>e ) o!r races is to let x und]/& t1 :5ev] x ent]s into any l9e ( bus9ess1 x w be patronis$ j 9 proportion z x makes t bus9ess z successful1 z useful1 z is true ( any bus9ess ent]prise conduct$ by any o!r race4 ,! race t w\ld gr[ /rong & p[]ful mu/ h ! elem5t ( h]o-wor%ip 9 x t w1 9 ! l>ge/ degree1 make x hon\r its great m51 ! m5 :o h succe$$ 9 t race4 ,i ?9k we %\ld be a%am$ ( ! col\r$ man or woman :o w\ld n v5]ate ! "n ( ,fr$]ick ,d\glass4 ,no race t w\ld n look ^u su* a man ) hon\r & respect & pride c\ld ev] hope to enjoy ! respect ( any o!r race4 ,i speak ( ?is1 n t ,i want my p to reg>d !mselves 9 a n>r[1 bigot$ s5se1 because !re is no?+ s hurtful to an individual or to a race z to get into ! habit ( feel+ t !re is no good except 9 its own race1 b because ,i wi% t x may h reasonable pride 9 all t is hon\rable 9 its hi/ory4 ,:5ev] y he> a col\r$ man say t he hates ! p ( ! o!r race1 !re1 9 mo/ in/ances1 y w f9d a weak1 n>r[-m9d$ col\r$ man4 ,&1 :5ev] y f9d a :ite man :o expresses ! same s5tim5t t[>d ! p ( o!r races1 !re1 too1 9 almo/ e case1 y w f9d a n>r[-m9d$1 prejudic$ :ite man4 ,t p]son is ! broade/1 /ronge/1 & mo/ useful :o sees some?+ to love & admire 9 all races1 no matt] :at _! col\r4 ,if ! ,negro race wi%es to gr[ /rong1 x mu/ le>n to respect itself1 n to be a%am$4 ,x mu/ le>n t x w only gr[ 9 proportion z its memb]s h confid5ce 9 x1 9 proportion z !y believe t x is a com+ race4 ,we h rea*$ a p]iod :5 educat$ ,negroes %\ld give m att5tion to ! hi/ory ( _! race2 %\ld devote m "t to f9d+ out ! true hi/ory ( ! race1 & 9 collect+ 9 "s museum ! relics t m>k its progress4 ,x is true ( all races ( culture & ref9em5t & civilisation t !y h ga!r$ 9 "s place ! relics :i* m>k ! progress ( _! civilisation1 :i* %[ h[ !y liv$ f p]iod to p]iod4 ,we %\ld h s mu* pride t we w\ld sp5d m "t 9 look+ into ! hi/ory ( ! race1 m ef=t & money 9 p]petuat+ 9 "s durable =m its a*ievem5ts1 s t f ye> to ye>1 in/ead ( look+ back ) regret1 we c po9t to our *ildr5 ! r\gh pa? ?r\gh :i* we grew /rong & great4 ,we h a v bright & /rik+ example 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,jews 9 ?is & o!r c\ntries4 ,!re is1 p]haps1 no race t has suff]$ s mu*1 n s mu* 9 ,am]ica z 9 "s ( ! c\ntries 9 ,europe4 ,b ^! p h clung toge!r4 ,!y h _h a c]ta9 am\nt ( unity1 pride1 & love ( race2 &1 z ! ye>s g on1 !y w be m & m influ5tial 9 ?is c\ntry1--a c\ntry :]e !y 7 once despis$1 & look$ ^u ) scorn & d]ision4 ,x is l>gely because ! ,jewi% race has _h fai? 9 itself4 ,unless ! ,negro le>ns m & m to imitate ! ,jew 9 ^! matt]s1 to h fai? 9 himself1 he _c expect to h any high degree ( success4 ,i wi% to speak ^u ano!r subject :i* l>gely conc]ns ! welf>e ( bo? races1 especially 9 ! ,s\?1--lyn*+4 ,x is an unpleasant subject2 b ,i feel t ,i %\ld be omitt+ "s "p ( my duty to bo? races did ,i n say some?+ on ! subject4 ,= a numb] ( ye>s ! ,s\? has appeal$ to ! ,nor? & to f$]al au?orities1 ?r\gh ! public press1 f ! public plat=m1 & mo/ eloqu5tly ?r\gh ! late ,h5ry ,w4 ,grady1 to leave ! :ole matt] ( ! rights & protection ( ! ,negro to ! ,s\?1 decl>+ t x w\ld see to x t ! ,negro w\ld be made secure 9 8 citiz5%ip4 ,dur+ ! la/ half-doz5 ye>s ! :ole c\ntry1 f ! ,presid5t d[n1 has be5 incl9$ m ?an ev] to pursue ?is policy1 leav+ ! :ole matt] ( ! de/9y ( ! ,negro to ! ,negro himself & to ! ,s\!rn :ite p1 among :om ! great bulk ( ,negroes live4 ,by ! pres5t policy ( non-int]f]5ce on ! "p ( ! ,nor? & ! f$]al gov]nm5t ! ,s\? is giv5 a sacr$ tru/4 ,h[ w %e execute ?is tru/8 ,! _w is wait+ & wat*+ to see4 ,! "q mu/ be answ]$ l>gely by ! protection x gives to ! life ( ! ,negro & ! provisions t are made = 8 developm5t 9 ! organic laws ( ! ,/ate4 ,i fe> t b few p 9 ! ,s\? realise to :at an ext5t ! habit ( lyn*+1 or ! tak+ ( life )\t due process ( law1 has tak5 hold ( u1 & is hurt+ u1 n only 9 ! eyes ( ! _w1 b 9 our own moral & mat]ial gr[?4 ,lyn*+ 0 in/itut$ "s ye>s ago ) ! idea ( puni%+ & *eck+ crim9al assaults ^u wom54 ,let u exam9e ! facts1 & see :]e x has already l$ u & is likely fur!r to c>ry u1 if we d n rid ourselves ( ! evil4 ,_m good p 9 ! ,s\?1 & also out ( ! ,s\?1 h gott5 ! idea t lyn*+ is resort$ to = "o crime only4 ,i h ! facts f an au?oritative s\rce4 ,dur+ la/ ye> "o hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5 p]sons 7 lyn*$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,( ?is numb]1 "o hundr$ & eighte5 7 execut$ 9 ! ,s\? & n9e 9 ! ,nor? & ,we/4 ,( ! total numb] lyn*$1 "o hundr$ & two 7 ,negroes1 tw5ty-?ree 7 :ites1 & two ,indians4 ,n[1 let e "o int]e/$ 9 ! ,s\?1 8 c\ntry1 & ! cause ( humanity1 note ?is fact1--t only tw5ty-f\r ( ! entire numb] 7 *>g$ 9 any way ) ! crime ( rape2 t is1 tw5ty-f\r out ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5 cases ( lyn*+4 ,sixty-"o ( ! rema9+ cases 7 = murd]1 ?irte5 = be+ suspect$ ( murd]1 six = !ft1 etc4 ,dur+ "o week la/ spr+1 :5 ,i kept a c>eful record1 ?irte5 ,negroes 7 lyn*$ 9 ?ree ( our ,s\!rn ,/ates2 & n "o 0 ev5 *>g$ ) rape4 ,all ( ^! ?irte5 7 accus$ ( murd] or h\se-burn+2 b 9 nei!r case 7 ! m5 all[$ to g be=e a c\rt1 s t _! innoc5ce or guilt might be prov54 ,:5 we get to ! po9t :]e f\r-fif?s ( ! p lyn*$ 9 our c\ntry 9 "o ye> are = "s crime o!r ?an rape1 we c no long] plead & expla9 t we lyn* = "o crime alone4 ,let u take ano!r ye>1 t ( #ahib1 = example1 :5 #bda p]sons 7 lyn*$ 9 ! :ole ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,( ?is numb] #cf 7 lyn*$ 9 ,nor!rn & ,we/]n ,/ates1 & #bje 9 our ,s\!rn ,/ates2 #afj 7 ,negroes1 #e ( ^! be+ wom54 ,! facts %[ t1 out ( ! #bda lyn*$1 only #eg 7 ev5 *>g$ ) rape or attempt$ rape1 leav+ 9 ?is ye> alone #ahd p]sons :o 7 lyn*$ = o!r causes ?an t ( rape4 ,if x 7 necess>y1 ,i c\ld produce figures = o!r ye>s4 ,)9 a p]iod ( six ye>s ab\t #ijj p]sons h be5 lyn*$ 9 our ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,?is is b a few hundr$ %ort ( ! total numb] ( soldi]s :o lo/ _! lives 9 ,cuba dur+ ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>4 ,if we w\ld realise /ill m fully h[ f> ?is un=tunate evil is lead+ u on1 note ! classes ( crime dur+ a few mon?s = :i* ! local pap]s & ! ,associat$ ,press say t lyn*+ has be5 inflict$4 ,!y include murd]1 riot+1 inc5di>ism1 robb]y1 l>c5y1 self-def5ce1 insult+ wom51 alleg$ /ock-poison+1 malpractice1 alleg$ b>n-burn+1 suspect$ robb]y1 race prejudice1 attempt$ murd]1 horse-/eal+1 mi/ak5 id5tity1 etc4 ,! evil has s gr[n t we are n[ at ! po9t :]e n only blacks are lyn*$ 9 ! ,s\?1 b :ite m5 z well4 ,n only ?is1 b )9 ! la/ six ye>s at lea/ a half-doz5 col\r$ wom5 h be5 lyn*$4 ,& !re are a few cases :]e ,negroes h lyn*$ memb]s ( _! own race4 ,:at is to be ! end ( all ?is8 ,fur!rmore1 e lyn*+ drives hundr$s ( ,negroes out ( ! f>m+ di/ricts ( ! ,s\?1 :]e !y make ! be/ liv+ & :]e _! s]vices are ( greate/ value to ! c\ntry1 into ! already ov]-cr[d$ cities4 ,i "k t "s argue t ! crime ( lyn*+ ,negroes is n conf9$ to ! ,s\?4 ,?is is true2 & no "o c excuse su* a crime z ! %oot+ ( innoc5t black m5 9 ,ill9ois1 :o 7 guilty ( no?+1 except seek+ lab\r4 ,b my words j n[ are to ! ,s\?1 :]e my home is & a "p ( :i* ,i am4 ,let o!r sections act z !y w2 ,i want to see our beautiful ,s\?l& free f ?is t]rible evil ( lyn*+4 ,lyn*+ does n /op crime4 ,9 ! vic9ity 9 ! ,s\? :]e a col\r$ man 0 alleg$ rec5tly to h committ$ ! mo/ t]rible crime ev] *>g$ aga9/ a memb] ( my race1 b a few weeks previ\sly five col\r$ m5 _h be5 lyn*$ = suppos$ inc5di>ism4 ,if lyn*+ 0 a cure = crime1 surely ! lyn*+ ( ^? five w\ld h prev5t$ ano!r ,negro f committ+ a mo/ he9\s crime a few weeks lat]4 ,we might z well face ! facts bravely & wisely4 ,s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w crime has be5 committ$ 9 all civilis$ & uncivilis$ c\ntries1 & a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( x w always be committ$ bo? 9 ! ,nor? & 9 ! ,s\?2 b ,i believe t ! crime ( rape c be /opp$4 ,9 proportion to ! numb]s & intellig5ce ( ! population ( ! ,s\?1 !re exi/s little m crime ?an 9 sev]al o!r sections ( ! c\ntry2 b1 because ( ! lyn*+ evil1 we are con/antly adv]tis+ ourselves to ! _w z a lawless p4 ,we _c disreg>d ! tea*+s ( ! civilis$ _w = eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 t ! only way to puni% crime is by law4 ,:5 we leave ?is an*orage *aos beg9s4 ,i am n plead+ = ! ,negro alone4 ,lyn*+ injures1 h>d5s1 & blunts ! moral s5sibilities ( ! "y & t5d] manhood ( ! ,s\?4 ,nev] %all ,i =get ! rem>k by a little n9e-ye>-old :ite boy1 ) blue eyes & flax5 hair4 ,! little fell[ said to 8 "m1 aft] he _h return$ f a lyn*+3 ,i h se5 a man hang$2 n[ ,i wi% ,i c\ld see "o burn$4 ,r ?an he> su* a rem>k f "o ( my little boys1 ,i w\ld pref] to see him 9 8 grave4 ,?is is n all4 ,e community guilty ( lyn*+ says 9 s _m words to ! gov]nor1 to ! legislature1 to ! %]iff1 to ! jury1 & to ! judge3 ,we h no fai? 9 y & no respect = y4 ,we h no respect = ! law :i* we help$ to make4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 at ! pres5t "t1 !re is less excuse = n p]mitt+ ! law to take its c\rse :]e a ,negro is to be tri$ ?an any:]e else 9 ! _w2 =1 almo/ )\t exception1 ! gov]nors1 ! %]iffs1 ! judges1 ! juries1 & ! lawy]s are all :ite m51 & !y c be tru/$1 z a rule1 to d _! duty4 ,o!rwise1 x is ne$less to tax ! p to support ^! (fic]s4 ,if our pres5t laws are n suffici5t prop]ly to puni% crime1 let ! laws be *ang$2 b t ! puni%m5t may be by lawfully con/itut$ au?orities is ! plea ,i make4 ,! hi/ory ( ! _w proves t :]e ! law is mo/ /rictly en=c$ !re is ! lea/ crime3 :]e p take ! adm9i/ration ( ! law into _! own h&s !re is ! mo/ crime4 ,b !re is /ill ano!r side4 ,! :ite man 9 ! ,s\? has n only a s]i\s duty & responsibility1 b ! ,negro has a duty & responsibility 9 ?is matt]4 ,9 speak+ ( my own p1 ,i want to be equally frank2 b ,i speak ) ! greate/ k9dness4 ,!re is too mu* crime among !m4 ,! figures = a giv5 p]iod %[ t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?irty p] c5t4 ( ! crime committ$ is by ,negroes1 :ile we con/itute only ab\t twelve p] c5t4 ( ! entire population4 ,?is proportion holds good n only 9 ! ,s\?1 b also 9 ,nor!rn ,/ates & cities4 ,no race t is s l>gely ignorant & s rec5tly out ( slav]y c\ld1 p]haps1 %[ a bett] record1 b we mu/ face ^! pla9 facts4 ,he is mo/ k9d to ! ,negro :o tells him ( 8 faults z well z ( 8 virtues4 ,a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! crime among u gr[s out ( ! idl5ess ( our "y m5 & wom54 ,x is = ?is reason t ,i h tri$ to insi/ ^u "s indu/ry be+ taught 9 connection ) _! c\rse ( lit]>y tra9+4 ,x is vitally important n[ t e p>5t1 e tea*] & m9i/] ( ! gospel1 %\ld tea* ) unusual emphasis morality & ob$i5ce to ! law4 ,at ! fireside1 9 ! s*ool-room1 9 ! ,sunday-s*ool1 f ! pulpit1 & 9 ! ,negro press1 !re %\ld be su* a s5tim5t creat$ reg>d+ ! committ+ ( crime aga9/ wom5 t no su* crime c\ld be *>g$ aga9/ any memb] ( ! race4 ,let x be und]/ood1 = all "t1 t no "o guilty ( rape c f9d sympa?y or %elt] ) u1 & t none w be m active ?an we 9 br++ to ju/ice1 ?r\gh ! prop] au?orities1 ^? guilty ( crime4 ,let ! crim9al & vici\s elem5t ( ! race h1 at all times1 our mo/ sev]e condemnation4 ,let a /rict l9e be drawn betwe5 ! virtu\s & ! crim9al4 ,i condemn1 ) all ! indignation ( my s\l1 any bea/ 9 human =m guilty ( assault+ a woman4 ,i am sure ,i voice ! s5tim5t ( ! ?\ghtful ( my race 9 ?is condemnation4 ,we %\ld n1 z a race1 become disc\rag$4 ,we are mak+ progress4 ,no race has ev] gott5 ^u its feet )\t disc\ragem5ts & /ruggles4 ,i %\ld be a great hypocrite & a c[>d if ,i did n add t :i* my daily exp]i5ce has taught me to be true2 namely1 t ! ,negro has among _m ( ! ,s\!rn :ites z good fri5ds z he has any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,^! fri5ds h n =sak5 u4 ,!y w n d s4 ,nei!r w our fri5ds 9 ! ,nor?4 ,if we make ourselves intellig5t1 indu/ri\s1 economical1 & virtu\s1 ( value to ! community 9 :i* we live1 we c & w "w out our salvation "r "h 9 ! ,s\?4 ,9 e community1 by means ( organis$ ef=t1 we %\ld seek1 9 a manly & hon\rable way1 ! confid5ce1 ! co-op]ation1 ! sympa?y1 ( ! be/ :ite p 9 ! ,s\? & 9 our respective communities4 ,) ! be/ :ite p & ! be/ black p /&+ toge!r1 9 fav\r ( law & ord] & ju/ice1 ,i believe t ! safety & happ9ess ( bo? races w be made secure4 ,we are "o 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! "q ( ! highe/ citiz5%ip & ! complete education ( all conc]ns ne>ly t5 millions ( my p & sixty millions ( ! :ite race4 ,:5 "o race is /rong1 ! o!r is /rong2 :5 "o is weak1 ! o!r is weak4 ,!re is no p[] t c sep>ate our de/9y4 ,unju/ laws & cu/oms :i* exi/ 9 _m places injure ! :ite man & inconv5i5ce ! ,negro4 ,no race c wrong ano!r race1 simply because x has ! p[] to d s1 )\t be+ p]man5tly injur$ 9 its own morals4 ,! ,negro c endure ! tempor>y inconv5i5ce1 b ! injury to ! :ite man is p]man5t4 ,x is = ! :ite man to save himself f ?is degradation t ,i plead4 ,if a :ite man /eals a ,negro's ballot1 x is ! :ite man :o is p]man5tly injur$4 ,physical dea? comes to ! "o ,negro lyn*$ 9 a c\nty2 b dea? ( ! morals--dea? ( ! s\l--comes to ^? responsible = ! lyn*+4 ,^? :o f\ght & di$ on ! battlefield = ! fre$om ( ! slaves p]=m$ _! duty h]oically & well1 b a duty rema9s to ^? left4 ,! m]e fiat ( law _c make an ignorant vot] an intellig5t vot]1 _c make a dep5d5t man an indep5d5t man1 _c make "o citiz5 respect ano!r4 ,^! results w come to ! ,negro1 z to all races1 by beg9n+ at ! bottom & gradually work+ up to ! highe/ possibilities ( 8 nature4 ,9 ! economy ( ,god !re is b "o /&>d by :i* an individual c succe$3 !re is b "o = a race4 ,?is c\ntry expects t e race %all measure itself by ! ,am]ican /&>d4 ,dur+ ! next half-c5tury1 & m1 ! ,negro mu/ cont9ue pass+ ?r\gh ! sev]e ,am]ican crucible4 ,he is to be te/$ 9 8 pati5ce1 8 =be>ance1 8 p]sev]ance1 8 p[] to endure wrong1--to )/& temptations1 to economise1 to acquire & use skill1--8 ability to compete1 to succe$ 9 comm]ce1 to disreg>d ! sup]ficial = ! real1 ! appe>ance = ! sub/ance1 to be great & yet small1 le>n$ & yet simple1 high & yet ! s]vant ( all4 ,?is1--?is is ! passport to all t is be/ 9 ! life ( our ,republic2 & ! ,negro mu/ possess x or be b>r$ out4 ,9 work+ out 8 own de/9y1 :ile ! ma9 burd5 ( activity mu/ be ) ! ,negro1 he w ne$ 9 ! ye>s to come1 z he has ne$$ 9 ! pa/1 ! help1 ! enc\ragem5t1 ! guidance1 t ! /rong c give ! weak4 ,?us help$1 ^? ( bo? races 9 ! ,s\? w soon ?r[ (f ! %ackles ( racial & sectional prejudice1 & rise above ! cl\ds ( ignorance1 n>r[ness1 & selfi%ness into t atmosph]e1 t pure sun%9e1 :]e x w be ! highe/ ambition to s]ve man1 our bro!r1 reg>dless ( race or previ\s condition4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,be=e end+ ?is volume1 ,i h deem$ x wise & fitt+ to sum up 9 ! foll[+ *apt] all t ,i h attempt$ to say 9 ! previ\s *apt]s1 & to speak at ! same "t a little m def9itely ab\t ! ,negro's future & 8 relation to ! :ite race4 ,all attempts to settle ! "q ( ! ,negro 9 ! ,s\? by 8 removal f ?is c\ntry h s f> fail$1 & ,i ?9k t !y are likely to fail4 ,! next c5sus w probably %[ t we h ab\t t5 millions ( ,negroes 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ab\t eight millions ( ^! are 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,we h almo/ a nation )9 a nation4 ,! ,negro population )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates lacks b two millions ( be+ z l>ge z ! :ole population ( ,mexico4 ,x is ne>ly twice z l>ge z ! population ( ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada4 ,x is equal to ! comb9$ population ( ,switz]l&1 ,greece1 ,honduras1 ,nic>agua1 ,cuba1 ,uruguay1 ,santo ,dom+o1 ,p>aguay1 & ,co/a ,rica4 ,:5 we consid]1 9 connection ) ^! facts1 t ! race has d\bl$ itself s9ce its fre$om1 & is /ill increas+1 x h>dly seems possible = any "o to consid] s]i\sly any s*eme ( emigration f ,am]ica z a me?od ( solution ( our vex$ race problem4 ,at mo/1 ev5 if ! gov]nm5t 7 to provide ! means1 b a few hundr$ ?\s& c\ld be transport$ ea* ye>4 ,! ye>ly increase 9 population w\ld m ?an ov]balance ! numb] transplant$4 ,ev5 if x did n1 ! "t requir$ to get rid ( ! ,negro by ?is me?od w\ld p]haps be fifty or sev5ty-five ye>s4 ,! idea is *im]ical4 ,"s h advis$ t ! ,negro leave ! ,s\? & take up 8 resid5ce 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,i "q :e!r ?is w\ld leave him any bett] (f ?an he is 9 ! ,s\?1 :5 all ?+s are consid]$4 ,x has be5 my privilege to /udy ! condition ( our p 9 ne>ly e "p ( ,am]ica2 & ,i say1 )\t hesitation1 t1 ) "s exceptional cases1 ! ,negro is at 8 be/ 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,:ile he enjoys c]ta9 privileges 9 ! ,nor? t he does n h 9 ! ,s\?1 :5 x comes to ! matt] ( secur+ prop]ty1 enjoy+ bus9ess opportunities & employm5t1 ! ,s\? pres5ts a f> bett] opportunity ?an ! ,nor?4 ,few col\r$ m5 f ! ,s\? are z yet able to /& up aga9/ ! sev]e & increas+ competition t exi/s 9 ! ,nor?1 to say no?+ ( ! unfri5dly influ5ce ( lab\r organisations1 :i* 9 "s way prev5ts black m5 9 ! ,nor?1 z a rule1 f secur+ employm5t 9 skill$ lab\r occupations4 ,ano!r po9t ( great dang] = ! col\r$ man :o goes ,nor? is 9 ! matt] ( morals1 ow+ to ! num]\s temptations by :i* he f9ds himself surr\nd$4 ,he has m ways 9 :i* he c sp5d money ?an 9 ! ,s\?1 b few] av5ues ( employm5t are op5 to him4 ,! fact t at ! ,nor? ! ,negro is conf9$ to almo/ "o l9e ( employm5t (t5 t5ds to disc\rage & demoralise ! /ronge/ :o g f ! ,s\?1 & to make !m an easy prey to temptation4 ,a few ye>s ago ,i made an exam9ation into ! condition ( a settlem5t ( ,negroes :o left ! ,s\? & w5t to ,kansas ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago1 :5 !re 0 a good deal ( excitem5t 9 ! ,s\? conc]n+ emigration to ! ,we/4 ,?is settlem5t1 ,i f\nd1 0 mu* bel[ ! /&>d ( t ( a simil> numb] ( our p 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! only conclusion1 !re=e1 x seems to me1 :i* any "o c rea*1 is t ! ,negroes1 z a mass1 are to rema9 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,z a race1 !y d n want to leave ! ,s\?1 & ! ,s\!rn :ite p d n want !m to leave4 ,we mu/ !re=e f9d "s basis ( settlem5t t w be con/itutional1 j1 manly1 t w be fair to bo? races 9 ! ,s\? & to ! :ole c\ntry4 ,?is _c be done 9 a day1 a ye>1 or any %ort p]iod ( "t4 ,we c1 x seems to me1 ) ! pres5t light1 decide ^u a reasonably safe me?od ( solv+ ! problem1 & turn our /r5g? & ef=t 9 t direction4 ,9 do+ ?is1 ,i w\ld n h ! ,negro depriv$ ( any privilege gu>ante$ to him by ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is n be/ = ! ,negro t he rel9qui% any ( 8 con/itutional rights4 ,x is n be/ = ! ,s\!rn :ite man t he %\ld4 ,9 ord] t we may1 )\t loss ( "t or ef=t1 conc5trate our =ces 9 a wise direction1 ,i sugge/ :at seems to me & _m o!rs ! wise/ policy to be pursu$4 ,i h rea*$ ^! conclusions by reason ( my own obs]vations & exp]i5ce1 aft] eighte5 ye>s ( direct contact ) ! lead+ & influ5tial col\r$ & :ite m5 9 mo/ p>ts ( our c\ntry4 ,b ,i wi% fir/ to m5tion "s elem5ts ( dang] 9 ! pres5t situation1 :i* all :o desire ! p]man5t welf>e ( bo? races 9 ! ,s\? %\ld c>efully consid]4 ,fir/4--,!re is dang] t a c]ta9 class ( impati5t extremi/s among ! ,negroes1 :o h little k ( ! actual conditions 9 ! ,s\?1 may d ! entire race injury by attempt+ to advise _! bre?r5 9 ! ,s\? to resort to arm$ resi/ance or ! use ( ! tor*1 9 ord] to secure ju/ice4 ,all intellig5t & well-consid]$ discussion ( any important "q or condemnation ( any wrong1 bo? 9 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?1 f ! public plat=m & ?r\gh ! press1 is to be comm5d$ & enc\rag$2 b ill-consid]$1 inc5di>y utt]ances f black m5 9 ! ,nor? w t5d to add to ! burd5s ( our p 9 ! ,s\? r ?an relieve !m4 ,second4--,ano!r dang] 9 ! ,s\?1 :i* %\ld be gu>d$ aga9/1 is t ! :ole :ite ,s\?1 includ+ ! wide1 cons]vative1 law-abid+ elem5t1 may f9d itself repres5t$ be=e ! b> ( public op9ion by ! mob1 or lawless elem5t1 :i* gives expression to its feel+s & t5d5cy 9 a mann] t adv]tises ! ,s\? ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,too (t5 ^? :o h no sympa?y ) su* disreg>d ( law are ei!r sil5t or fail to speak 9 a suffici5tly emphatic mann] to (fset1 9 any l>ge degree1 ! un=tunate reputation :i* ! lawless h too (t5 made = _m portions ( ! ,s\?4 ,?ird4--,no race or p ev] got ^u its feet )\t sev]e & con/ant /ruggle1 (t5 9 ! face ( ! greate/ disc\ragem5t4 ,:ile pass+ ?r\gh ! pres5t try+ p]iod ( its hi/ory1 !re is dang] t a l>ge & valuable elem5t ( ! ,negro race may become disc\rag$ 9 ! ef=t to bett] its condition4 ,e possible influ5ce %\ld be ex]t$ to prev5t ?is4 ,f\r?4--,!re is a possibility t h>m may be done to ! ,s\? & to ! ,negro by exagg]at$ newspap] articles :i* are writt5 ne> ! sc5e or 9 ! mid/ ( specially aggravat+ occurr5ces4 ,(t5 ^! reports are writt5 by newspap] m51 :o give ! impression t !re is a race conflict ?r\gh\t ! ,s\?1 & t all ,s\!rn :ite p are oppos$ to ! ,negro's progress1 ov]look+ ! fact t1 :ile 9 "s sections !re is tr\ble1 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! ,s\? !re is1 nev]!less1 a v l>ge measure ( peace1 good w1 & mutual helpfulness4 ,9 ?is same relation mu* c be done to ret>d ! progress ( ! ,negro by a c]ta9 class ( ,s\!rn :ite p1 :o1 9 ! mid/ ( excitem5t1 speak or write 9 a mann] t gives ! impression t all ,negroes are lawless1 untru/wor?y1 & %iftless4 ,z an example1 a ,s\!rn writ] said n long ago1 9 a communication to ! ,new ,york ,indep5d5t3 ,ev5 9 small t[ns ! husb& _c v5ture to leave 8 wife alone = an h\r at night4 ,at no "t1 9 no place1 is ! :ite woman safe f insults & assaults ( ^! creatures4 ,^! /atem5ts1 ,i presume1 repres5t$ ! feel+s & ! conditions t exi/$ at ! "t !y 7 writt5 9 "o community or c\nty 9 ! ,s\?4 ,b ?\s&s ( ,s\!rn :ite m5 & wom5 w\ld be ready to te/ify t ?is is n ! condition ?r\gh\t ! ,s\?1 nor ?r\gh\t any "o ,/ate4 ,fif?4--,"u ! next head ,i w\ld m5tion t1 ow+ to ! lack ( s*ool opportunities = ! ,negro 9 ! rural di/ricts ( ! ,s\?1 !re is dang] t ignorance & idl5ess may increase to ! ext5t ( giv+ ! ,negro race a reputation = crime1 & t immorality may eat its way into ! moral fibre ( ! race1 s z to ret>d its progress = _m ye>s4 ,9 judg+ ! ,negro 9 ?is reg>d1 we mu/ n be too h>%4 ,we mu/ rememb] t x has only be5 )9 ! la/ ?irty-f\r ye>s t ! black fa!r & "m h _h ! responsibility1 & consequ5tly ! exp]i5ce1 ( tra9+ _! own *ildr54 ,t !y h n rea*$ p]fection 9 "o g5]ation1 ) ! ob/acles t ! p>5ts h be5 compell$ to ov]come1 is n to be wond]$ at4 ,six?4--,z a f9al s\rce ( dang] to be gu>d$ aga9/1 ,i w\ld m5tion my fe> t "s ( ! :ite p ( ! ,s\? may be l$ to feel t ! way to settle ! race problem is to repress ! aspirations ( ! ,negro by legislation ( a k9d t conf]s c]ta9 legal or political privileges ^u an ignorant & poor :ite man & )holds ! same privileges f a black man 9 ! same condition4 ,su* legislation injures & ret>ds ! progress ( bo? races4 ,x is an inju/ice to ! poor :ite man1 because x takes f him inc5tive to secure education & prop]ty z pr]equisites = vot+4 ,he feels t1 because he is a :ite man1 reg>dless ( 8 possessions1 a way w be f\nd = him to vote4 ,i w\ld label all su* measures1 ,laws to keep ! poor :ite man 9 ignorance & pov]ty4 ,z ! ,talladega ,news ,report]1 a ,democratic newspap] ( ,alabama1 rec5tly said3 ,b x is a weak cry :5 ! :ite man asks odds on intellig5ce ov] ! ,negro4 ,:5 nature has already s h&icapp$ ! ,african 9 ! race = k1 ! cry ( ! boa/$ ,anglo-,saxon = /ill fur!r odds seems babyi%4 ,:at wond] t ! _w looks on 9 surprise1 if n disgu/4 ,x _c help b say1 if our cont5tion be true t ! ,negro is an inf]ior race1 t ! odds ought to be on ! o!r side1 if any are to be giv54 ,& :y n8 ,no1 ! ?+ to d--! only ?+ t w /& ! te/ ( "t--is to d "r1 exactly "r1 let come :at w4 ,& t "r ?+1 z x seems to me1 is to place a fair educational qualification be=e e citiz51--"o t is self-te/+1 & n dep5d5t on ! wi%es ( weak m51 lett+ all :o pass ! te/ /& 9 ! pr\d ranks ( ,am]ican vot]s1 ^: votes %all be c\nt$ z ca/1 & ^: sov]eign w %all be ma9ta9$ z law by all ! p[]s t be4 ,no?+ %ort ( ?is w d4 ,e exemption1 on :atsoev] gr\nd1 is an outrage t c only rob "s legitimate vot] ( 8 rights4 ,su* laws z h be5 made--z an example1 9 ,mississippi--) ! und]/&+ clause hold out a temptation = ! election (fic] to p]jure & degrade himself by too (t5 decid+ t ! ignorant :ite man does und]/& ! ,con/itution :5 x is read to him & t ! ignorant black man does n4 ,by su* a law ! ,/ate n only commits a wrong aga9/ its black citiz5s2 x injures ! morals ( its :ite citiz5s by conf]r+ su* a p[] ^u any :ite man :o may happ5 to be a judge ( elections4 ,su* laws are hurtful1 aga91 because !y keep alive 9 ! he>t ( ! black man ! feel+ t ! :ite man means to oppress him4 ,! only safe way out is to set a high /&>d z a te/ ( citiz5%ip1 & require blacks & :ites alike to come up to x4 ,:5 ?is is done1 bo? w h a high] respect = ! election laws & ^? :o make !m4 ,i d n believe t1 ) 8 c5turies ( advantage ov] ! ,negro 9 ! opportunity to acquire prop]ty & education z pr]equisites = vot+1 ! av]age :ite man 9 ! ,s\? desires t any special law be pass$ to give him advantage ov] ! ,negro1 :o has _h only a little m ?an ?irty ye>s 9 :i* to prep>e himself = citiz5%ip4 ,9 ?is relation ano!r po9t ( dang] is t ! ,negro has be5 made to feel t x is 8 duty to oppose cont9ually ! ,s\!rn :ite man 9 politics1 ev5 9 matt]s :]e no pr9ciple is involv$1 & t he is only loyal to 8 own race & act+ 9 a manly way :5 he is oppos+ him4 ,su* a policy has prov$ mo/ hurtful to bo? races4 ,:]e x is a matt] ( pr9ciple1 :]e a "q ( "r or wrong is involv$1 ,i w\ld advise ! ,negro to /& by pr9ciple at all haz>ds4 ,a ,s\!rn :ite man has no respect = or confid5ce 9 a ,negro :o acts m]ely = policy's sake2 b !re are _m cases--& ! numb] is gr[+--:]e ! ,negro has no?+ to ga9 & mu* to lose by oppos+ ! ,s\!rn :ite man 9 _m matt]s t relate to gov]nm5t4 ,"u ^! six heads ,i believe ,i h /at$ "s ( ! ma9 po9ts :i* all high-m9d$ :ite m5 & black m51 ,nor? & ,s\?1 w agree ne$ our mo/ e>ne/ & ?\ghtful consid]ation1 if we w\ld ha/51 & n h9d]1 ! progress ( our c\ntry4 ,z to ! policy t %\ld be pursu$ 9 a l>g] s5se1--on ?is subject ,i claim to possess no sup]ior wisdom or unusual insight4 ,i may be wrong2 ,i may be 9 "s degree "r4 ,9 ! future1 m ?an 9 ! pa/1 we want to impress ^u ! ,negro ! importance ( id5tify+ himself m closely ) ! int]e/s ( ! ,s\?1--! importance ( mak+ himself "p ( ! ,s\? & at home 9 x4 ,h]et(ore1 = reasons :i* 7 natural & = :i* no "o is especially to blame1 ! col\r$ p h be5 too mu* l a =eign nation resid+ 9 ! mid/ ( ano!r nation4 ,if ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison1 ,w5dell ,phillips1 & ,george ,l4 ,/e>ns 7 alive to-day1 ,i feel sure t ea* "o ( !m w\ld advise ! ,negroes to id5tify _! int]e/s z f> z possible ) ^? ( ! ,s\!rn :ite man1 always ) ! und]/&+ t ?is %\ld be done :]e no "q ( "r & wrong is involv$4 ,9 no o!r way1 x seems to me1 c we get a f\ndation = peace & progress4 ,he :o advises aga9/ ?is policy w advise ! ,negro to d t :i* no p 9 hi/ory :o h succe$$ h done4 ,! :ite man1 ,nor? or ,s\?1 :o advises ! ,negro aga9/ x advises him to d t :i* he himself has n done4 ,! b$-rock ^u :i* e individual re/s 8 *ances ( success 9 life is secur+ ! fri5d%ip1 ! confid5ce1 ! respect1 ( 8 next-door neighb\r ( ! little community 9 :i* he lives4 ,almo/ ! :ole problem ( ! ,negro 9 ! ,s\? re/s itself ^u ! fact z to :e!r ! ,negro c make himself ( su* indisp5sable s]vice to 8 neighb\r & ! community t no "o c fill 8 place bett] 9 ! body politic4 ,!re is at pres5t no o!r safe c\rse = ! black man to pursue4 ,if ! ,negro 9 ! ,s\? has a fri5d 9 8 :ite neighb\r & a /ill l>g] numb] ( fri5ds 9 8 community1 he has a protection & a gu>antee ( 8 rights t w be m pot5t & m la/+ ?an any our ,f$]al ,congress or any outside p[] c conf]4 ,9 a rec5t editorial ! ,london ,times1 9 discuss+ affairs 9 ! ,transvaal1 ,s\? ,africa1 :]e ,engli%m5 h be5 d5i$ c]ta9 privileges by ! ,bo]s1 says3 ,engl& is too sagaci\s n to pref] a gradual re=m f )91 ev5 %\ld x be less rapid ?an mo/ ( u might wi%1 to ! mo/ sweep+ r$ress ( grievances impos$ f )\t4 ,our object is to obta9 fair play = ! outl&]s1 b ! be/ way to d x is to enable !m to help !mselves4 ,?is policy1 ,i ?9k1 is equally safe :5 appli$ to conditions 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! =eign] :o comes to ,am]ica1 z soon z possible1 id5tifies himself 9 bus9ess1 education1 politics1 & sympa?y ) ! community 9 :i* he settles4 ,z ,i h said1 we h a conspicu\s example ( ?is 9 ! case ( ! ,jews4 ,also1 ! ,negro 9 ,cuba has practically settl$ ! race "q !re1 because he has made himself a "p ( ,cuba 9 ?\ght & action4 ,:at ,i h tri$ to indicate _c be accompli%$ by any sudd5 revolution ( me?ods1 b x does seem t ! t5d5cy m & m %\ld be 9 ?is direction4 ,if a practical example is want$ 9 ! direction t ,i fav\r1 ,i w m5tion "o4 ,! ,nor? s5ds ?\s&s ( doll>s into ! ,s\? ea* ye>1 = ! education ( ! ,negro4 ,! tea*]s 9 mo/ ( ! academic s*ools ( ! ,s\? are support$ by ! ,nor?1 or ,nor!rn m5 & wom5 ( ! highe/ ,*ri/ian culture & mo/ unselfi% devotion4 ,! ,negro owes !m a debt ( gratitude :i* c nev] be paid4 ,! v>i\s mission>y societies 9 ! ,nor? h done a "w :i*1 9 a l>ge degree1 has be5 ! salvation ( ! ,s\?2 & ! result w appe> 9 future g5]ations m ?an 9 ?is4 ,we h n[ rea*$ ! po9t 9 ! ,s\? :]e1 ,i believe1 great good c\ld be accompli%$ by *ang+ ! attitude ( ! :ite p t[>d ! ,negro & ( ! ,negro t[>d ! :ites1 if a few :ite tea*]s ( high "* w\ld take an active int]e/ 9 ! "w ( ^! high s*ools4 ,c ?is be done8 ,yes4 ,! m$ical s*ool connect$ ) ,%aw ,univ]sity at ,raleigh1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 has f ! fir/ _h z in/ructors & pr(essors1 almo/ exclusively1 ,s\!rn :ite doctors1 :o reside 9 ,raleigh2 & !y h giv5 ! highe/ satisfaction4 ,?is gives ! p ( ,raleigh ! feel+ t ?is is _! s*ool1 & n some?+ locat$ 91 b n a "p (1 ! ,s\?4 ,9 ,augu/a1 ,georgia1 ! ,payne ,in/itute1 "o ( ! be/ colleges = our p1 is (fic]$ & taught almo/ :olly by ,s\!rn :ite m5 & wom54 ,! ,presbyt]ian ,!ological ,s*ool at ,tuscaloosa1 ,alabama1 has all ,s\!rn :ite m5 z in/ructors4 ,"s "t ago1 at ! ,calh\n ,s*ool 9 ,alabama1 "o ( ! lead+ :ite m5 9 ! c\nty 0 giv5 an important position 9 ! s*ool4 ,s9ce !n ! feel+ ( ! :ite p 9 ! c\nty has greatly *ang$ t[>d ! s*ool4 ,we mu/ admit ! /]n fact t at pres5t ! ,negro1 ?r\gh no *oice ( 8 own1 is liv+ among ano!r race :i* is f> ahead ( him 9 education1 prop]ty1 exp]i5ce1 & fav\rable condition2 fur!r1 t ! ,negro's pres5t condition makes him dep5d5t ^u ! :ite p = mo/ ( ! ?+s necess>y to su/a9 life1 z well z = 8 common s*ool education4 ,9 all hi/ory1 ^? :o h possess$ ! prop]ty & intellig5ce h ex]cis$ ! greate/ control 9 gov]nm5t1 reg>dless ( col\r1 race1 or geographical location4 ,?is be+ ! case1 h[ c ! black man 9 ! ,s\? improve 8 pres5t condition8 ,& does ! ,s\!rn :ite man want him to improve x8 ,! ,negro 9 ! ,s\? has x )9 8 p[]1 if he prop]ly utilises ! =ces at h&1 to make ( himself su* a valuable factor 9 ! life ( ! ,s\? t he w n h to seek privileges1 !y w be freely conf]r$ ^u him4 ,to br+ ?is ab\t1 ! ,negro mu/ beg9 at ! bottom & lay a sure f\ndation1 & n be lur$ by any temptation into try+ to rise on a false f\ndation4 ,:ile ! ,negro is lay+ ?is f\ndation he w ne$ help1 sympa?y1 & simple ju/ice4 ,progress by any o!r me?od w be b tempor>y & sup]ficial1 & ! latt] end ( x w be worse ?an ! beg9n+4 ,am]ican slav]y 0 a great curse to bo? races1 & ,i w\ld be ! la/ to apologise = x2 b1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god1 ,i believe t slav]y laid ! f\ndation = ! solution ( ! problem t is n[ be=e u 9 ! ,s\?4 ,dur+ slav]y ! ,negro 0 taught e trade1 e indu/ry1 t con/itutes ! f\ndation = mak+ a liv+4 ,n[1 if on ?is f\ndation--laid 9 r a crude way1 x is true1 b a f\ndation1 nev]!less--we c gradually build & improve1 ! future = u is bright4 ,let me be m specific4 ,agriculture is1 or has be51 ! basic indu/ry ( ne>ly e race or nation t has succe$$4 ,! ,negro got a k ( ?is dur+ slav]y4 ,h5ce1 9 a l>ge measure1 he is 9 possession ( ?is indu/ry 9 ! ,s\? to-day4 ,! ,negro c buy l& 9 ! ,s\?1 z a rule1 :]ev] ! :ite man c buy x1 & at v l[ prices4 ,n[1 s9ce ! bulk ( our p already h a f\ndation 9 agriculture1 !y are at _! be/ :5 liv+ 9 ! c\ntry1 engag$ 9 agricultural pursuits4 ,pla9ly1 !n1 ! be/ ?+1 ! logical ?+1 is to turn ! l>g] "p ( our /r5g? 9 a direction t w make ! ,negro among ! mo/ skill$ agricultural p 9 ! _w4 ,! man :o has le>n$ to d some?+ bett] ?an any "o else1 has le>n$ to d a common ?+ 9 an uncommon mann]1 is ! man :o has a p[] & influ5ce t no adv]se circum/ances c take f him4 ,! ,negro :o c make himself s conspicu\s z a successful f>m]1 a l>ge tax-pay]1 a wise help] ( 8 fell[-m51 z to be plac$ 9 a position ( tru/ & hon\r1 :e!r ! position be political or o!rwise1 by natural selection1 is a hundr$-fold m secure 9 t position ?an "o plac$ !re by m]e outside =ce or pressure4 ,i "k a ,negro1 ,hon4 ,isaiah ,t4 ,montgom]y1 9 ,mississippi1 :o is mayor ( a t[n4 ,x is true t ?is t[n1 at pres5t1 is compos$ almo/ :olly ( ,negroes4 ,mr4 ,montgom]y is mayor ( ?is t[n because 8 g5ius1 ?rift1 & =esight h creat$ ! t[n2 & he is held & support$ 9 8 (fice by a *>t]1 grant$ by ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi1 & by ! vote & public s5tim5t ( ! community 9 :i* he lives4 ,let u help ! ,negro by e means possible to acquire su* an education 9 f>m+1 dairy+1 /ock-rais+1 horticulture1 etc41 z w enable him to become a model 9 ^! respects & place him ne> ! top 9 ^! indu/ries1 & ! race problem w\ld 9 a l>ge "p be settl$1 or at lea/ /ripp$ ( _m ( its mo/ p]plex+ elem5ts4 ,?is policy w\ld also t5d to keep ! ,negro 9 ! c\ntry & small] t[ns1 :]e he succe$s be/1 & /op ! influx into ! l>ge cities1 :]e he does n succe$ s well4 ,! race1 l ! individual1 t produces some?+ ( sup]ior wor? t has a common human int]e/1 makes a p]man5t place = itself1 & is b\nd to be recognis$4 ,at a c\nty fair 9 ! ,s\? n long ago ,i saw a ,negro aw>d$ ! fir/ prize by a jury ( :ite m51 ov] :ite competitors1 = ! production ( ! be/ specim5 ( ,indian corn4 ,e :ite man at ?is fair seem$ to be pleas$ & pr\d ( ! a*ievem5t ( ?is ,negro1 because x 0 app>5t t he _h done some?+ t w\ld add to ! weal? & com=t ( ! p ( bo? races 9 t c\nty4 ,at ! ,tuskegee ,normal & ,indu/rial ,in/itute 9 ,alabama we h a dep>tm5t devot$ to tra9+ m5 9 ! sci5ce ( agriculture2 b :at we are do+ is small :5 comp>$ ) :at %\ld be done at ,tuskegee & at o!r educational c5tres4 ,9 a mat]ial s5se ! ,s\? is /ill an undevelop$ c\ntry4 ,:ile race prejudice is /rongly exhibit$ 9 _m directions1 9 ! matt] ( bus9ess1 ( comm]cial & indu/rial developm5t1 !re is v little ob/acle 9 ! ,negro's way4 ,a ,negro :o produces or has = sale some?+ t ! community wants f9ds cu/om]s among :ite p z well z black p4 ,a ,negro c borr[ money at ! bank ) equal security z readily z a :ite man c4 ,a bank 9 ,birm+ham1 ,alabama1 t has n[ exi/$ t5 ye>s1 is (fic]$ & controll$ :olly by ,negroes4 ,?is bank has :ite borr[]s & :ite depositors4 ,a graduate ( ! ,tuskegee ,in/itute keeps a well-appo9t$ groc]y /ore 9 ,tuskegee1 & he tells me t he sells ab\t z _m goods to ! "o race z to ! o!r4 ,:at ,i h said ( ! op5+ t awaits ! ,negro 9 ! direction ( agriculture is almo/ equally true ( me*anics1 manufactur+1 & all ! dome/ic arts4 ,! field is be=e him & "r ab\t him4 ,w he occupy x8 ,w he ca/ d[n 8 bucket :]e he is8 ,w 8 fri5ds ,nor? & ,s\? enc\rage him & prep>e him to occupy x8 ,e city 9 ! ,s\?1 = example1 w\ld give support to a fir/-class ar*itect or h\se-build] or contractor ( our race4 ,! ar*itect & contractor w\ld n only receive support1 b1 ?r\gh 8 example1 numb]s ( "y col\r$ m5 w\ld le>n su* trades z c>p5try1 brick-masonry1 pla/]+1 pa9t+1 etc41 & ! race w\ld be put into a position to hold on to _m ( ! indu/ries :i* x is n[ 9 dang] ( los+1 because 9 too _m cases bra9s1 skill1 & dignity are n imp>t$ to ! common occupations ( life t are ab\t 8 v door4 ,any individual or race t does n fit itself to occupy 9 ! be/ mann] ! field or s]vice t is "r ab\t x w soon] or lat] be ask$ to move on1 & let "s "o else occupy x4 ,b x is ask$1 ,w\ld y conf9e ! ,negro to agriculture1 me*anics1 & dome/ic arts1 etc48 ,n at all2 b along ! l9es t ,i h m5tion$ is :]e ! /ress %\ld be laid j n[ & = _m ye>s to come4 ,we w ne$ & mu/ h _m tea*]s & m9i/]s1 "s doctors & lawy]s & /atesm52 b ^! pr(essional m5 w h a con/itu5cy or a f\ndation f :i* to draw support j 9 proportion z ! race prosp]s along ! economic l9es t ,i h m5tion$4 ,dur+ ! fir/ fifty or "o hundr$ ye>s ( ! life ( any p are n ! economic occupations always giv5 ! great] att5tion8 ,?is is n only ! hi/oric1 b1 ,i ?9k1 ! common-s5se view4 ,if ?is g5]ation w lay ! mat]ial f\ndation1 x w be ! quicke/ & sure/ way = ! succe$+ g5]ation to succe$ 9 ! cultivation ( ! f9e arts1 & to surr\nd itself ev5 ) "s ( ! luxuries ( life1 if desir$4 ,:at ! race n[ mo/ ne$s1 9 my op9ion1 is a :ole army ( m5 & wom5 well tra9$ to lead & at ! same "t infuse !mselves into agriculture1 me*anics1 dome/ic employm5t1 & bus9ess4 ,z to ! m5tal tra9+ t ^! educat$ lead]s %\ld be equipp$ )1 ,i %\ld say1 ,give !m all ! m5tal tra9+ & culture t ! circum/ances ( individuals w all[1--! m1 ! bett]4 ,no race c p]man5tly succe$ until its m9d is awak5$ & /r5g!n$ by ! ripe/ ?\ght4 ,b ,i w\ld con/antly h x kept 9 ! ?\ghts ( ^? :o are educat$ 9 books t a l>ge proportion ( ^? :o are educat$ %\ld be s tra9$ 9 h& t !y c br+ ?is m5tal /r5g? & k to be> ^u ! physical conditions 9 ! ,s\? :i* ,i h tri$ to emphasise4 ,fr$]ick ,d\glass1 ( sa9t$ memory1 once1 9 address+ 8 race1 us$ ^! words3 ,we are to prove t we c bett] our own condition4 ,"o way to d ?is is to accumulate prop]ty4 ,?is may s\nd to y l a new gospel4 ,y h be5 accu/om$ to he> t money is ! root ( all evil1 etc4 ,on ! o!r h&1 prop]ty--money1 if y please--w pur*ase = u ! only condition by :i* any p c rise to ! dignity ( g5u9e manhood2 = )\t prop]ty !re c be no leisure1 )\t leisure !re c be no ?\ght1 )\t ?\ght !re c be no inv5tion1 )\t inv5tion !re c be no progress4 ,! ,negro %\ld be taught t mat]ial developm5t is n an end1 b simply a means to an end4 ,z ,pr(essor ,w4 ,e4 ,b4 ,du,bois puts x1 ,! idea %\ld n be simply to make m5 c>p5t]s1 b to make c>p5t]s m54 ,! ,negro has a highly religi\s temp]am5t2 b :at he ne$s m & m is to be conv9c$ ( ! importance ( weav+ 8 religion & morality into ! practical affairs ( daily life4 ,equally z mu* does he ne$ to be taught to put s mu* intellig5ce into 8 lab\r t he w see dignity & beauty 9 ! occupation1 & love x = its own sake4 ,! ,negro ne$s to be taught t m ( ! religion t manife/s itself 9 8 happ9ess 9 ! pray]-meet+ %\ld be made practical 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 daily task4 ,! man :o owns a home & is 9 ! possession ( ! elem5ts by :i* he is sure ( mak+ a daily liv+ has a great aid to a moral & religi\s life4 ,:at be>+ w all ?is h ^u ! ,negro's place 9 ! ,s\? z a citiz5 & 9 ! enjoym5t ( ! privileges :i* our gov]nm5t conf]s8 ,to /ate 9 detail j :at place ! black man w occupy 9 ! ,s\? z a citiz51 :5 he has develop$ 9 ! direction nam$1 is beyond ! wisdom ( any "o4 ,mu* w dep5d ^u ! s5se ( ju/ice :i* c be kept alive 9 ! brea/ ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,almo/ z mu* w dep5d ^u ! good s5se ( ! ,negro himself4 ,t "q1 ,i confess1 does n give me ! mo/ conc]n j n[4 ,! important & press+ "q is1 ,w ! ,negro ) 8 own help & t ( 8 fri5ds take advantage ( ! opportunities t n[ surr\nd him8 ,:5 he has done ?is1 ,i believe t1 speak+ ( 8 future 9 g5]al t]ms1 he w be treat$ ) ju/ice1 w be giv5 ! protection ( ! law1 & w be giv5 ! recognition 9 a l>ge measure :i* 8 usefulness & ability w>rant4 ,if1 fifty ye>s ago1 any "o _h pr$ict$ t ! ,negro w\ld h receiv$ ! recognition & hon\r :i* individuals h already receiv$1 he w\ld h be5 laugh$ at z an idle dream]4 ,"t1 pati5ce1 & con/ant a*ievem5t are great factors 9 ! rise ( a race4 ,i d n believe t ! _w ev] takes a race s]i\sly1 9 its desire to ent] into ! control ( ! gov]nm5t ( a nation 9 any l>ge degree1 until a l>ge numb] ( individuals1 memb]s ( t race1 h demon/rat$1 beyond "q1 _! ability to control & develop individual bus9ess ent]prises4 ,:5 a numb] ( ,negroes rise to ! po9t :]e !y own & op]ate ! mo/ successful f>ms1 are among ! l>ge/ tax-pay]s 9 _! c\nty1 are moral & intellig5t1 ,i d n believe t 9 _m portions ( ! ,s\? su* m5 ne$ long be d5i$ ! "r ( say+ by _! votes h[ !y pref] _! prop]ty to be tax$ & 9 *oos+ ^? :o are to make & adm9i/] ! laws4 ,9 a c]ta9 t[n 9 ! ,s\?1 rec5tly1 ,i 0 on ! /reet 9 company ) ! mo/ prom95t ,negro 9 ! t[n4 ,:ile we 7 toge!r1 ! mayor ( ! t[n s\ght out ! black man1 & said1 ,next week we are go+ to vote on ! "q ( issu+ bonds to secure wat]-works = ?is t[n2 y mu/ be sure to vote on ! day ( election4 ,! mayor did n sugge/ :e!r he mu/ vote yes or no2 he knew f ! v fact t ?is ,negro man own$ ne>ly a block ( ! mo/ valuable prop]ty 9 ! t[n t he w\ld ca/ a safe1 wise vote on ?is important proposition4 ,?is :ite man knew t1 because ( ?is ,negro's prop]ty int]e/s 9 ! city1 he w\ld ca/ 8 vote 9 ! way he ?\ght w\ld b5efit e :ite & black citiz5 9 ! t[n1 & n be controll$ by influ5ces a ?\s& miles away4 ,b a %ort "t ago ,i read lett]s f ne>ly e prom95t :ite man 9 ,birm+ham1 ,alabama1 ask+ t ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,r4 ,petti=d1 a ,negro1 be appo9t$ to a c]ta9 important f$]al (fice4 ,:at is ! explanation ( ?is8 ,mr4 ,petti=d = n9e ye>s has be5 ! presid5t ( ! ,negro bank 9 ,birm+ham to :i* ,i h allud$4 ,dur+ ^! n9e ye>s ^! :ite citiz5s h _h ! opportunity ( see+ t ,mr4 ,petti=d c\ld manage successfully a private bus9ess1 & t he _h prov5 himself a cons]vative1 ?\ghtful citiz52 & !y 7 will+ to tru/ him 9 a public (fice4 ,su* individual examples w h to be multipli$ until !y become ! rule r ?an ! exception4 ,:ile we are multiply+ ^! examples1 ! ,negro mu/ keep a /rong & c\rage\s he>t4 ,he _c improve 8 condition by any %ort-cut c\rse or by artificial me?ods4 ,above all1 he mu/ n be delud$ into ! temptation ( believ+ t 8 condition c be p]man5tly improv$ by a m]e battl$ore & %uttlecock ( words or by any process ( m]e m5tal gymna/ics or oratory alone4 ,:at is desir$1 along ) a logical def5ce ( 8 cause1 are de$s1 results1--multipli$ results1--9 ! direction ( build+ himself up1 s z to leave no d\bt 9 ! m9ds ( any "o ( 8 ability to succe$4 ,an important "q (t5 ask$ is1 ,does ! :ite man 9 ! ,s\? want ! ,negro to improve 8 pres5t condition8 ,i say1 ,yes4 ,f ! ,montgom]y 7,alabama7 ,daily ,adv]tis] ,i clip ! foll[+ 9 ref]5ce to ! clos+ ( a col\r$ s*ool 9 a t[n 9 ,alabama3-- ,,eufaula1 ,may #be1 #ahii4 ,! clos+ ex]cises ( ! city col\r$ public s*ool 7 held at ,/4 ,luke's ,a4 ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur* la/ night1 & 7 witness$ by a l>ge ga!r+1 includ+ _m :ite4 ,! recitations by ! pupils 7 excell5t1 & ! music 0 also an int]e/+ feature4 ,rev4 ,r4 ,t4 ,poll>d deliv]$ ! address1 :i* 0 q an able "o2 & ! c]tificates 7 pres5t$ by ,pr(essor ,t4 ,l4 ,mc,coy1 :ite1 ( ! ,san=d ,/reet ,s*ool4 ,! success ( ! ex]cises reflects great cr$it on ,pr(essor ,s4 ,m4 ,murphy1 ! pr9cipal1 :o enjoys a des]v$ly good reputation z a capable & effici5t educator4 ,i quote ?is report1 n because x is ! exception1 b because su* m>ks ( int]e/ 9 ! education ( ! ,negro on ! "p ( ! ,s\!rn :ite p c be se5 almo/ e day 9 ! local pap]s4 ,:y %\ld :ite p1 by _! pres5ce1 words1 & _m o!r ?+s1 enc\rage ! black man to get education1 if !y d n desire him to improve 8 condition8 ,! ,payne ,in/itute 9 ,augu/a1 ,georgia1 an excell5t in/itution1 to :i* ,i h already ref]r$1 is support$ almo/ :olly by ! ,s\!rn :ite ,me?odi/ *ur*4 ,! ,s\!rn :ite ,presbyt]ians support a !ological s*ool at ,tuscaloosa1 ,alabama1 = ,negroes4 ,= a numb] ( ye>s ! ,s\!rn :ite ,bapti/s h contribut$ t[>d ,negro education4 ,o!r d5om9ations h done ! same4 ,if ^! p d n want ! ,negro educat$ to a high /&>d1 !re is no reason :y !y %\ld act ! hypocrite 9 ^! matt]s4 ,z b>b>\s z "s ( ! lyn*+s 9 ! ,s\? h be51 ,s\!rn :ite m5 "h & !re1 z well z newspap]s1 h spok5 out /rongly aga9/ lyn*+4 ,i quote f ! address ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,vance1 ( ,na%ville1 ,t5nessee1 deliv]$ be=e ! ,national ,sunday ,s*ool ,union 9 ,atlanta1 n long s9ce1 z an example3-- ,& yet1 z ,i /& "h to-night1 a ,s\!rn] speak+ = my section1 & address+ an audi5ce f all sections1 !re is "o f\l blot ^u ! fair fame ( ! ,s\?1 at ! b>e m5tion ( :i* ! he>t turns sick & ! *eek is crimson$ ) %ame4 ,i want to lift my voice to-night 9 l\d & long & indignant prote/ aga9/ ! awful horror ( mob viol5ce1 :i* ! o!r day rea*$ ! climax ( its madness & infamy 9 a de$ z black & brutal & b>b>\s z c be f\nd 9 ! annals ( human crime4 ,i h a "r to speak on ! subject1 & ,i propose to be he>d4 ,! "t has come = e lov] ( ! ,s\? to set ! might ( an ang]$ & resolute manhood aga9/ ! %ame & p]il ( ! lyn* demon4 ,^! p1 ^: fi5di% glee taunts _! victim z 8 fle% crackles 9 ! flames1 d n repres5t ! ,s\?4 ,i h n a syllable ( apology = ! sick5+ crime !y meant to av5ge4 ,b x is high "t we 7 le>n+ t lawlessness is no rem$y = crime4 ,= "o1 ,i d>e to believe t ! p ( my section are able to cope ) crime1 h[ev] trea*]\s & defiant1 ?r\gh _! c\rts ( ju/ice2 & ,i plead = ! ma/]ful sway ( a righte\s & exalt$ public s5tim5t t %all class lyn* law 9 ! category ) crime4 ,x is a notable & praisewor?y fact t no ,negro educat$ 9 any ( our l>g] in/itutions ( le>n+ 9 ! ,s\? has be5 *>g$ ) any ( ! rec5t crimes connect$ ) assaults ^u females4 ,if we g on mak+ progress 9 ! directions t ,i h tri$ to indicate1 m & m ! ,s\? w be drawn to "o c\rse4 ,z ,i h already said1 x is n = ! be/ int]e/s ( ! :ite race ( ! ,s\? t ! ,negro be depriv$ ( any privilege gu>ante$ him by ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is w\ld put ^u ! ,s\? a burd5 "u :i* no gov]nm5t c\ld /& & prosp]4 ,e article 9 our f$]al ,con/itution 0 plac$ !re ) a view ( /imulat+ & enc\rag+ ! highe/ type ( citiz5%ip4 ,to p]man5tly tax ! ,negro )\t giv+ him ! "r to vote z fa/ z he qualifies himself 9 education & prop]ty = vot+ w\ld "w ! ali5ation ( ! affections ( ! ,negro f ! ,/ates 9 :i* he lives1 & w\ld be ! rev]sal ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t = :i* our ,/ates h /ood4 ,9 o!r ways ?an ?is ! injury w\ld be z great to ! :ite man z to ! ,negro4 ,taxation )\t ! hope ( becom+ a vot] w\ld take away f "o-?ird ! citiz5s ( ! ,gulf ,/ates _! int]e/ 9 gov]nm5t & _! /imulant to become tax-pay]s or to secure education1 & ?us be able & will+ to be> _! %>e ( ! co/ ( education & gov]nm5t1 :i* n[ weighs s heavily ^u ! :ite tax-pay]s ( ! ,s\?4 ,! m ! ,negro is /imulat$ & enc\rag$1 ! soon] w he be able to be> a l>g] %>e ( ! burd5s ( ! ,s\?4 ,we h rec5tly _h be=e u an example1 9 ! case ( ,spa91 ( a gov]nm5t t left a l>ge portion ( its citiz5s 9 ignorance1 & neglect$ _! highe/ int]e/s4 ,z ,i h said else:]e1 !re is no escape ?r\gh law ( man or ,god f ! inevitable3-- ,! laws ( *angeless ju/ice b9d ,oppressor ) oppre/2 ,&1 close z s9 & suff]+ jo9$1 ,we m>* to fate abrea/4 ,ne>ly sixte5 millions ( h&s w aid y 9 pull+ ! load upw>d or !y w pull aga9/ y ! load d[nw>d4 ,we %all con/itute "o-?ird & m ( ! ignorance & crime ( ! ,s\? or "o-?ird its intellig5ce & progress4 ,we %all contribute "o-?ird to ! bus9ess & indu/rial prosp]ity ( ! ,s\? or we %all prove a v]itable body ( dea?1 /agnat+1 depress+1 ret>d+1 e ef=t to advance ! body politic4 ,my own feel+ is t ! ,s\? w gradually rea* ! po9t :]e x w see ! wisdom & ! ju/ice ( enact+ an educational or prop]ty qualification1 or bo?1 = vot+1 t %all be made to apply hone/ly to bo? races4 ,! indu/rial developm5t ( ! ,negro 9 connection ) education & ,*ri/ian "* w help to ha/5 ?is end4 ,:5 ?is is done1 we %all h a f\ndation1 9 my op9ion1 ^u :i* to build a gov]nm5t t is hone/ & t w be 9 a high degree satisfactory to bo? races4 ,i d n suff] myself to take too optimi/ic a view ( ! conditions 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! problem is a l>ge & s]i\s "o1 & w require ! pati5t help1 sympa?y1 & advice ( our mo/ patriotic citiz5s1 ,nor? & ,s\?1 = ye>s to come4 ,b ,i believe t1 if ! pr9ciples :i* ,i h tri$ to indicate are foll[$1 a solution ( ! "q w come4 ,s long z ! ,negro is p]mitt$ to get education1 acquire prop]ty1 & secure employm5t1 & is treat$ ) respect 9 ! bus9ess or comm]cial _w1--z is n[ true 9 ! great] "p ( ! ,s\?1--,i %all h ! greate/ fai? 9 8 work+ out 8 own de/9y 9 our ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,! education & prep>+ = citiz5%ip ( ne>ly eight millions ( p is a trem5d\s task1 & e lov] ( humanity %\ld c\nt x a privilege to help 9 ! solution ( a great problem = :i* our :ole c\ntry is responsible4