,transcrib]'s ,note ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,a li/ ( corrections is f\nd at ! end ( ! text4 ,inconsi/5cies 9 spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 ma9ta9$4 ,a li/ ( ^! words is f\nd at ! end ( ! text4 ,text surr\nd$ ) 0 pr9t$ 9 a black-lett] typeface 9 ! orig9al4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,horse4 ,f an ,allegorical ,engrav+ by ,alb]t ,dr]4 ,,rambles ,,( ,,an ,,ar*,,ologi/ ,,among ,,old ,,books ,,& ,,9 ,,old ,,places3 ,,be+ ,pap]s on ,art1 ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,ar*,,ology1 ,,pa9t+1 ,,art-,,decoration1 ,,& ,,art-,,manufacture4 ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,,william ,,fairholt1 ,f4,s4,a41 ,,au?or ,,( ,,diction>y ,,( ,,t]ms ,,9 ,,art1 ,,etc4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,two ,hundr$ & ,fifty-n9e ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,,london3 ,,virtue ,,& ,,co41 #bf1 ,,ivy ,,lane1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 #ahga4 ,,editorial ,,note4 ,! foll[+ ,pap]s orig9ally appe>$ 9 ! ,art-,j\rnal1 = :i* !y 7 specially writt54 ,!y are f ! p5 ( t pa9/ak+ & accurate ar*ologi/1 ! late ,f4 ,w4 ,,fairholt1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,! illu/rations also 7 engrav$ f orig9al sket*es by ! ,au?or4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! results ( s mu* lab\r & rese>* %\ld be /ill fur!r utilis$2 & t ! m]it & value ( ^! ,essays entitle !m to a m la/+ =m ?an is af=d$ by ! pages ( a magaz9e4 ,! ,editor confid5tly believes t ! popul> /yle 9 :i* ^! articles are writt51 & ! fund ( anecdote & curi\s in=mation !y conta91 w r5d] !m acceptable to a l>ge numb] ( g5]al read]s4 ,a second s]ies ( ,art-pap]s1 by ! same ,au?or1 is 9 ! press1 & w %ortly be publi%$1 "u ! title ( 8,homes1 ,haunts1 & ,works ( ,rub5s1 ,v&yke1 ,rembr&t1 & ,cuyp2 & ( ! ,dut* ,g5re-,pa9t]s40 ,janu>y1 #ahga4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,rambles ,,( ,,an ,,ar*,,ologi/ ,,among ,,old ,,books ,,& ,,9 ,,old ,,places4 ,anci5t art--,m$ival art--,! ,r5aissance--,h]aldry--,enamell+-- ,mosaic--,glass-pa9t+--,go?ic metal "w--,raffaelle w>e--,wood panell+--,decorative furniture--,book illum9ation--,engrav$ book ornam5ts--,metal-work]s--,anci5t jewell]y--,decorative art 9 ! sixte5? c5tury--,! ,r5aissance /yle--,italian art--,! ,go?ic #a-dd ,,grotesque ,,design1 ,,z ,,exhibit$ ,,9 ,,ornam5tal ,,& ,,indu/rial ,,art4 ,orig9 ( ! t]m grotesque--,egyptian boxes & spoons--,roman knives & lamps--,m$ival grotesque--,mis]]es1 bosses1 & capitals--,dome/ic ut5sils--,! ,ars ,memor&i--,decorative plate--,! ,italian1 ,g]man1 & ,fr5* goldsmi?s--,book illu/rations--,grotesque pott]y #de-gj ,,facts ,,ab\t ,,f+]-,,r+s4 ,antique r+s3--,egyptian r+s--,leg5d conc]n+ ! r+ ( ,polycrates--,assyrian1 ,etruscan1 & ,greek r+s--,roman r+s-- ,inscriptions & devices--,key r+s--,gaelic1 ,celtic1 & ,saxon r+s4 ,m$ival r+s3--,episcopal r+s--,?umb r+s--,religi\s r+s--,*>m r+s--,! crapaud9e1 or toad-/one--,! 8,k+s ( ,cologne0--,mottoes1 or 8reasons0--8,t[]0 r+s--,m>t9 ,lu!r's w$d+-r+4 ,mod]n r+s3--,signet r+s--,/ory connect$ ) ! r+ ( ! ,e>l ( ,essex--,%akesp]e's r+--8,gimmal0 r+s-- ,w$d+-r+s & _! 8poesies0--,poison r+s--,mod]n v]sions ( ! ,ea/]n tale ( 8,! ,fi% & ! ,r+0--,memorial & relic r+s--,dea?'s-head r+s--8,gi>d9etti0 r+s--,indian & ,moori% r+s--8,h>lequ9-r+s0--8,reg>d-r+s0--8,fi% ]man's r+0 ( ! ,pope #ga-aeg ,,anci5t ,,broo*es ,,& ,,dress ,,fa/5+s4 ,greek & ,roman fibul--,roman enamell$ broo*es--,b[ or h>p-%ap$ fibul--,bu/ ( ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e ,pogonatus--,e>ly grotesque broo*es--,circul> fibul--,anglo-,saxon p9s--,iri% & ,scot* broo*es & p9s #aei-ahc ,,alb]t ,d,,r]3 ,,8 ,,works1 ,,8 ,,compatriots1 ,,& ,,8 ,,times4 ,nrnb]g--,bir? ( ,dr]--,8 e>ly y\?--,mi*ael ,wohlgemu?--,dr]'s e>ly works--,he settles at ,nrnb]g--,8 h\se--,m>t9 ,ktzel--,nrnb]g ,ca/le--,dr]'s pa9t+s1 woodcuts1 & engrav+s--,mel*ior ,pf9tz+--,pirkheim]--,pet] ,vis*]--,%r9e ( ,/4 ,sebald--,adam ,krafft--,veit ,/oss--,hans ,sa*s1 8! cobbl]-b>d0--,alb]t ,kgl]--,dea? ( ,dr]--,! ,cemet]y ( ,/4 ,john1 ,nrnb]g--,grave ( ,dr] #ahe-bei ,illu/ration ,,rambles ,,( ,,an ,,ar*,,ologi/ ,,among ,,old ,,books ,,& ,,9 ,,old ,,places4 ,,rambles ,,( ,,an ,,ar*,,ologi/ ,,among ,,old ,,books ,,& ,,9 ,,old ,,places4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,long aft] ! ext9ction ( ! practical art-p[] evolv$ f ! ma/]-m9ds ( ,greece & ,rome1 ?\gh rudely %att]$ by ! nor!rn tribes1 x fail$ n to en=ce f !m an admission ( its gr&eur4 ,lov+1 z all rude nations d1 s mu* ( art z goes to ! adornm5t ( life1 !y also felt t !re 0 a /ill high] aim 9 ! enl>g$ _s ( classic inv5tion4 ,x is record$ t "o ( ^! anci5t *iefta9s gaz$ ?\ghtfully 9 ,rome ^u ! noble /atu>y ( ! fall5 race1 & decl>$ x ! "w ( m5 sup]ior to any !n rema9+1 & t all ! creations ( su* lo/ p[] %\ld be c>efully pres]v$4 ,! qua9t imag9+s ( uncivilis$ art-workman%ip bore ! impress ( a /rong b rud] nature2 elaboration took ! place ( elegance1 magnific5ce t ( gr&eur4 ,sl[ly1 z c5turies evolv$1 ! art-/ud5t came back to ! purity ( antique ta/e2 b ! process 0 a t>dy "o1 ea* era pref]r+ ! impress ( its own ideas3 & ?\gh ! grotesque contortions ( m$ival /atu>y be occasionally modifi$ by ! influ5ce ( bett] art on ! ,go?ic m9d1 x 0 n till ! revival ( ! /udy ( classic lit]ature1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 t m5 began to inquire into ! art ( ! pa/ ages1 & endeav\r$ to obta9 some:at ( its sacr$ fire = ! use ( _! own "t4 ,! /udy 0 rew>d$1 & ! /yle popul>ly kn[n z t ( ! ,r5aissance rapidly spread its influ5ce ov] ! _w ( art1 sanction$ by ! fav\r ( su* ma/]-m9ds z ,raphael1 & ! great m5 ( 8 era4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 to be expect$ t any /yle %\ld be resuscitat$ 9 all its purity )\t ! admixture ( "s peculi>ity emanat+ f ! art :i* adopt$ x1 & :i* 0 m completely ! mode ( ! era4 ,! ,r5aissance is1 !re=e1 a ,go?ic classicality1 engraft+ classic =m & fre$om on ! decorative qua9tnesses ( ! middle ages4 ,fig4 #a is z p]t95t a specim5 z c\ld be obta9$ ( ?is *>act]i/ic3 ! ,greek volute & ! ,roman foliage are made to comb9e ) ! hide\s inv5tions ( monk]y1 ! grotesque heads t are exhibit$ on ! mo/ sacr$ edifices1 & :i* are simply ! /one records ( ! /rife & rivalry t prevail$ betwe5 monks & fri>s up to ! date ( ! ,re=mation1 & are !re=e ( great value to ! /ud5t ( ecclesiology & ecclesia/ical hi/ory4 ,9 ?is in/ance !y seem to typify dea? & hell1 ov] :om ! ,savi\r 0 victori\s by 8 mortal agony3 ! emblems ( :i* occupy ! c5tral %ield1 & tell ) mu* simple =ce ! /ory ( man's r$emption4 ,m$ival art has n unfrequ5tly ! m]it ( mu* cond5sation ( ?\ght1 always p>ticul>ly visible 9 its *oice ( types by :i* to express 9 a simple =m a precise religi\s idea1 at once appeal+ to ! m9d ( ! spectator1 & br++ out a tra9 ( ?\ght s+ul>ly diffuse :5 its slight orig9 is consid]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,! easy applicability ( ! reviv$ art to ! ta/e = fanciful display :i* *>act]is$ ! fifte5? c5tury1 l$ to its univ]sal adoption 9 decoration2 b ! wild] imag9+s ( ! liv+ arti/ always tamp]$ ) ! gr& features ( ! design4 ,! panel1 ,fig4 #b1 is an in/ance4 ,! griff9s h lo/ _! classic "*1 & h assum$ ! ,go?ic2 ! foliations are also subject$ to ! same process4 ,! design is1 h[ev]1 on ! :ole1 an excell5t example ( ! mode 9 :i* ! /yle appe>$ z a decoration 9 ! h\ses ( ! nobility1 ^: love ( h]aldic display 0 indulg$ by ! wood c>v] 9 panell$ rooms ri* ) simil> comp>tm5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,h]aldry1 ) all its adjuncts1 _h become s great a passion ) ! noble1 t ! inv5tion ( ! arti/ & /ud5t 0 tax$ = badges & mottoes by noble families4 ,! cu/om fl\ri%$ mo/ 9 ,italy1 :]e ! impresa ( a noble h\se spoke to ! eye at once1 :e!r x 0 f\nd on a sword-hilt or ov] a *ur*-door4 ,we give z an in/ance1 9 ,fig4 #c1 t adopt$ by ! bold ,dukes ( ,burgundy1 sov]eigns 9 _! own dom9ions1 & excit+ mu* t]ror ( rivalry 9 ! m9ds ( ! k+s ( ,france !mselves4 ,_! badge1 or impresa1 0 indicative ( _! rude p[]2 a c\ple ( knott$ clubs1 salti]-wise1 help to support a some:at conv5tional figure ( ! /eel us$ = /rik+ ! fl9t to produce fire2 ! :ole surm\nt$ by ! cr[n1 & int5d$ to indicate by analog\s reflection ! vig\r ( ! ducal h\se4 ,z a bold defiance1 a rival h\se adopt$ ! rabot1 or c>p5t]'s plane1 by :i* !y indicat$ _! det]m9ation to smoo? by =ce ! =midable knots f ! clubs ( ! pr\d rul]s ( ,burgundy4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,! art ( enamell+1 :i* _h rea*$ a high degree ( p]fection 9 ! ,roman era1 0 ref9$ ^u 9 ! middle ages1 & ultimately its "* 0 s mu* alt]$ !reby t x end$ 9 rivall+ pa9t+1 r ?an reta9+ its own p>ticul> features1 z all arts %\ld d4 ,x may be fairly consid]$ t orig9ally x 0 us$ simply to enri*1 by vitrifi$ col\r1 articles ( use & ornam5t4 ,metal 0 incis$1 & ! ornam5tal spaces ?us obta9$ fill$ ) "o t9t ( enamel col\r1 ea* comp>tm5t hav+ its own4 ,by ?is means v brilliant effects 7 (t5 produc$1 all ! m /rik+ f ! pure /r5g? ( _! simplicity4 ,x 0 n till ! twelf? c5tury t an attempt at float+ col\rs toge!r 0 made1 & ?is l$ ultimately to a pictorial treatm5t ( enamel :i* de/roy$ its true/ "*4 ,! v old =m 01 h[ev]1 practis$ 9 ! late/ days ( its use2 & our engrav+ ( ! v beautiful knife-h&le design$ by ,virgil ,solis at ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury 7,figs4 #d & #e71 0 int5d$ to be fill$ ) a d>k blue enamel1 9 ! p>ts "h repres5t$ 9 black1 :ile ! int]/ices ( ! cross-%ap$ ornam5ts above w\ld receive "s light] t9t ( w>m] hue4 ,! birds & foliage w\ld be c>efully engrav$1 ! l9es ( %ad[ fill$ ) a p]man5t black1 ?us assur+ a g5]al brilliancy ( effect4 ,su* knives 7 by no means an uncommon decoration ( ! table at ! p]iod :5 ?is 0 design$3 x is n[ a bran* ( art utilis$ until all trace ( design has gone f x2 = we _c accept ! slight scroll "w & cont\r ( a mod]n silv] knife-h&le z a piece ( art-workman%ip1 :5 we rememb] ! beautiful objects ( ! k9d produc$ 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 gorge\s 9 design & col\r1 & occasionally enri*$ by jewels or amb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,!re is "o class ( anci5t manufactur+ art :i* has be5 reviv$ = ! use ( ! mod]n _w ) consid]able success4 ,we allude to ! ,roman works 9 mosaic1 :i* h furni%$ designs = our encau/ic tile-manufactur]s & our floor-clo? pa9t]s4 ,qua9t & peculi> 9 its necess>y features1 x is s+ul>ly well adapt$ = artisans 9 bo? mat]ials4 ,!re is also a great v>iety 9 ! ornam5tal details ( anci5t pavem5ts1 at home & abroad2 ! geometric =ms be+ at times v peculi>1 z 9 ! specim5 we give 9 ! previ\s page 7,fig4 #f71 :i* has be5 select$ f "o discov]$ at ,aldbor\gh1 9 ,york%ire 7! ,isurium ,brigantum ( ! ,romans71 a lonely spot1 conta9+ _m traces ( its anci5t importance1 & :i* has furni%$ an abundance ( relics = ! notice ( ! antiqu>y f ! days ( ,camd51 :o describes x ) t happy brevity t accompanies full k4 ,! pavem5t we engrave may be se5 9 full col\r$ detail 9 ,mr4 ,ecroyd ,smi?'s volume on ,isurium2 ! bord]s plac$ on ea* side are portions ( o!r pavem5ts f ! same place1 select$ z %[+ ! commone/ & ! mo/ unusual patt]ns4 ,! v>iety & beauty ( design & col\r 9 encau/ic tiles adopt$ by m$ivali/s1 may be slightly illu/rat$ by ! qua9t specim5 ( foliation copi$ 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,! conjunction ( f\r su* tiles produces great v>iety 9 patt]n1 & excell5t contra/s ( col\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #h & #i4 ,geometric =m1 9 all its endless v>iety1 0 p>ticul>ly /udi$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 & decorative enri*m5ts ( all k9d subject$ to its rul+ control4 ,we add two specim5s ( glass-pa9t+ 7,figs4 #h & #i71 :i* are 9 reality ! same design slightly v>i$ 9 ! disposition ( ! t9ts1 & ! int]lac+ ( ! d\ble or /rap-l9es ( "o1 :ile ! o!r has !m s+le only4 ,! /rik+ v>iety t any giv5 design may elicit1 by a m]e re>rangem5t ( ?is int]lac$ "w1 or by a diff]5t disposition ( ! col\r$ comp>tm5ts1 w at once be app>5t2 x 0 work$ out ) s+ul>ly good effect by ! old] arti/s 9 decoration ( all k9ds4 ,! key 7,fig4 #aj7 & ! lat* 7,fig4 #aa7 are examples ( qua9t old ,go?ic metal works4 ,! latt] is copi$ f ! old ,htel de ,ville ( ,bruges2 ! dragon is us$ z a lev] to lift ! lat*1 & is "o ( ^? grotesque imag9+s 9 :i* ! old art-workm5 frequ5tly indulg$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,:5 ! ,dukes ( ,urb9o1 dazzl$ ) ! brilliancy ( ! ,moori% pott]s1 _h det]m9$ to rival _! workman%ip 9 manufactories ^u _! own pr9cipality1 ! s-call$ ,raffaelle-w>e soon aft]w>ds fasc9at$ ! ,italians1 by ! qua9t design & beautiful col\r ( ! di%es & vases !re produc$4 ,?\gh popul>ly nam$ aft] ! great pa9t]1 x 0 unlikely t he _h aught to d !re)2 b 8 designs 7 occasionally adapt$ to its use by ! workm54 ,! circul> plateau 7,fig4 #ab7 is a good example ( ! bold "* & vig\r ( effect occasionally produc$ 9 ^! works4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,wood panell+ we h already allud$ to1 & ! l>ge am\nt ( decoration x occasionally display$4 ,fig4 #ac is a beautiful in/ance ( ! grace t *>act]is$ ! /yle kn[n z ! ,flamboyant1 f ! fl[+ or flame-l curve adopt$ = ! lead+ l9es4 ,9 ?is in/ance !y are happily bl5d$ ) ! e>li] ,go?ic cusps1 & ! qua9t ivy-leaves t spr+ easily out ( ! sev]] l9es4 ,! ease ) :i* h]aldry may be introduc$ 9 ! design1 gave x a peculi> *>m to our ance/ors2 9 ?is in/ance ! %ields be> ! sacr$ monograms--a purpose to :i* !y 7 v commonly devot$ 9 ! *ur*2 sometimes be+ fur!r enri*$ ) religi\s emblems1 z t]se & /rik+ z ! h]aldic ones we h giv5 9 a previ\s page4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,we give two small draw+s ( cab9et-h&les 9 ,figs4 #ad & #ae1 "p ( ! elaborate fitt+s ( a piece ( furniture :i* occupi$ ! place ( hon\r 9 ! /ate-rooms ( ! weal?y1 & ^u :i* ! art ( ! day 0 g5]ally lavi%$ ) a mo/ lib]al h&4 ,ivory1 ebony1 & ! r>e/ woods 7 employ$ 9 _! con/ruction1 occasionally plaques ( lapis lazuli1 or col\r$ m>bles1 7 us$ = ! panels2 ultimately ! :ole surface became an encru/$ mosaic ( figures1 birds1 & fl[]s1 9 col\r$ wood & /one1 occasionally fram$ 9 ! preci\s metals4 ,! gorge\s ta/e ( ,l\is ,quatorze excit$ ! fancy ( ! b5i/es ( 8 c\rt to ! mo/ co/ly inv5tion4 ,furniture inlaid ) engrav$ metal-"w1 or emboss$ ) col\r$ /ones1 oppress$ ! s5se ( utility2 & :5 tables1 *airs1 & picture-frames 7 made ( silv]1 *as$ & ov]load$ ) ! scroll-"w he s abundantly patronis$1 common s5se seems to h yield$ its place to m]e display4 ,despite ( ! co/ly "* ( su* works1 & _! de/9ation z ! decoration ( a palace1 !y are positive vulg>isms1 & we feel little regret :5 we read 9 hi/ory ( ! disa/r\s w>s at ! close ( ! k+'s c>e]1 :i* oblig$ him to melt d[n ! silv] furniture ( ,v]sailles1 & conv]t x into ca% = ! paym5t ( 8 soldi]s4 ,!re 0 m hone/y ( purpose 9 ! old art-work]s1 :o nev] sw]v$ f a lead+ pr9ciple4 ,h5ce ! educat$ eye c at once detect a piece ( g5u9e old decorative furniture f a ,w>d\r ,/reet made-up bit ( pseudo-imitation4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t specim5s ( g5u9e old "w are by no means common2 ! abundance :i* ?is /reet & o!r localities c supply to ord] by ! c>t-load1 are +5i\s adaptations ( fragm5ts ( old "w piec$ & plac$ toge!r = a g5]al effect2 b :i* are sometimes ludicr\s1 f ! mixture ( bits ( all ages & /yle 9 "o cab9et or sidebo>d4 ,"s tw5ty ye>s ago ! city ( ,r\5 0 a m9e ( weal? to furniture mak]s4 ,! elaborately c>v$ panels & *imney-pieces 9 ! /ately h\ses ( ! old ,norman capital1 7 conv]t$ into all k9ds ( articles = dome/ic display4 ,! progress ( 8improvem5t10 z well z ! sl[] process ( decay1 h cle>$ t place ( _m ( its f9e features ( dome/ic ar*itecture2 b its beauties h _h an endur+ mem5to 9 ! curi\s volumes by ! arti/ ,langlois1 ( ,pont-de-l',ar*e1 complet$ aft] 8 dea? by ,m4 ,delaqurrire4 ,9 ?is "w e anci5t build+ is c>efully not$ & describ$1 ?r\gh\t e /reet ( ! city2 & ! f9e/ or mo/ curi\s examples engrav$ ) a m9ute tru?fulness = :i* ,langlois 0 ju/ly celebrat$2 & :i* drew =? ! plaudits ( ,dr4 ,dibd91 9 ! sumptu\s "w devot$ to 8 =eign t\r 9 se>* ( r>ities4#ae-99 ,we propose pres5tly to foll[ ! ,doctor 9 8 inve/igation ( old books1 & exhibit "s few ( ! enri*m5ts t arti/ & engrav] gave to ! writt5 or pr9t$ volumes :i* pass$ f _! h&s2 at ! same "t we %all endeav\r to take a m g5]al survey ( ! adaptation ( art to works ( ord9>y use4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,! qua9t mann] 9 :i* lett]s 7 sometimes brac$ toge!r may be se5 9 ,fig4 #af4 ,occasionally1 a "n ?us =m$ 9 monogram w\ld require mu* +5uity to unravel1 inasmu* z ! entire lett]s made b "o int]lac$ & closely compact$ gr\p1 ea* limb or portion ( a lett] help+ also to =m "p ( ano!r4 ,9 ! hospital f\nd$ at ,ed9burgh by ! fam\s goldsmi?1 ,george ,h]iot1--! fav\rite goldsmi? & jewell] ( ,james ,i41 a mon>* :o fully appreciat$ 8 art1--! "n ( 8,j+l+ ,geordie10 z 8 maje/y playfully call$ him1 is sculptur$ 9 su* a gr\p1 :i* appe>s at fir/ sight an enigma few c\ld unravel2 inde$1 )\t kn[+ :at lett]s to look =1 & h[ to arrange !m1 x is a *ance if !y w\ld be arrang$ correctly4 ,su* a mode ( m>k+ w\ld1 h[ev]1 h its advantages1 = x w\ld enable ^? :o 7 9 ! secret to unravel ! my/]y ( ! true proprietor%ip ( any valuable article unfairly ab/ract$4 ,! %ields 9 ,fig4 #ac are fill$ ) monograms less elaborate1 b be>+ a suffici5t aff9ity to ^? allud$ to1 to aid 9 und]/&+ ! re/4 ,,footnotes3 #ae-99 8,biographical1 ,antiqu>ian1 & ,picturesque ,t\r 9 ,france & ,g]many40 ,london1 #ahba4 #c vols4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,we owe ! t]m illum9ation1 z appli$ to ! decoration ( old manuscripts1 to ! m$ival ,lat9 "n ( ! arti/ himself1 allum9or1 ! root ( our ,engli% ^w limn]1 & ( ! ,fr5* ^w enlum9eur1 "o :o col\rs or pa9ts ^u pap] or p>*m5t1 giv+ light & ornam5t to lett]s & figures4 ,! brilliancy & beauty ( mu* ( ?is anci5t art are m>vell\s to look ^u1 b ! names ( few ( ! pati5t arti/s1 :o devot$ _! lives to book illu/ration1 h desc5d$ to u4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "o or two names well-kn[n to u1 a ,julio ,clovio & a ,girolamo da ,libri 7,j]ome ,v]onese71 af=d+ a suffici5t w>rant ( ! high-class m9ds :o hon\r$ _! art by hon\r+ lit]ature4 ,!re c be no great] pleasure ?an 9 turn+ ov] ! mat*less pages ( ^! old volumes1 & see+ !m reveal ! passages ( ! poet or romanci/1 z und]/ood by ! m5 ( ! ,middle ,ages1 to :om !y 7 address$1 or giv+ u pictures ( life & mann]s ( :i* we possess no o!r record4 ,_! value z adjuncts to books1 :5 simply decorative1 is n[ v g5]ally ackn[l$g$2 & ! ladies ( ! pres5t day rival ! cloi/]$ recluses 9 lab\r+1 l !m1 to enri* a *]i%$ volume4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! art ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies t is n[ especially imitat$1 & ! reason is to be f\nd 9 its %[y elaboration ( design & col\r4 ,!re is an e>li] /yle t pres5ts /rong claims to att5tion1 t ( ! two prec$+ c5turies1 specim5s ( :i* are giv5 9 ,figs4 #ag-ba4 ,9 !m w be notic$ ! ,ori5talism t occasionally prevails1 & %[s its ,byzant9e p>5tage2 a trace ( ! ,greek volute & acan?us leaf is visible 9 ,figs4 #bj & #ba2 9 ! o!rs we seem to look on ,turki% design4 ,! applicability ( su* fragm5ts ( ornam5t is manifold4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #bb1 #bc1 #bd1 & #be4 ,:5 ! art ( engrav+ aid$ ! press 9 produc+ works ( a decorative ord]1 we occasionally turn ov] pages 9 :i* ! ma/]-m9ds ( ! day tax$ _! p[]s ( inv5tion4 ,! old wood-engrav]s 7 suppli$ by design]s ) draw+s ( ! be/ class1 & v qua9t & orig9al are ! ornam5ts :i* embelli% ! books ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1--p>ticul>ly su* z 7 publi%$ 9 ,g]many1 or at ,lyons1 ! latt] city be+ !n mo/ em95t = ! ta/e & beauty ( its illu/rat$ volumes1 ! =m] = a bold] b qua9t] "* ( art4 ,!re are useful h9ts to be _h 9 ! pages ( all1 = su* z w\ld avail !mselves ( m9or book-ornam5t4 ,to r5d] our mean+ m cle>1 we select a s]ies ( scrolls 7,figs4 #bb-be7 = inscriptions f ,g]man books1 ( ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & :i* might be readily & usefully adapt$ to mod]n exig5cies1 :5 dates or mottoes are requir$ ei!r by ! pa9t] or sculptor4 ,ornam5tal frameworks = inscriptions ab\nd 9 old books1 & are n unfrequ5tly ( /rik+ design & peculi> elaboration2 we give an example 9 ,fig4 #bf1 f a volume dat$ #aeic1 z an excell5t specim5 ( ?is p>ticul> bran* ( design4 ,su* tablets n unfrequ5tly head$ ! fir/ page ( a volume1 & receiv$ 9 ! c5tre ! title ( ! book4 ,! wood-engrav] is ?us ! legitimate successor ( ! old] illum9ator4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4 ,a l>ge dem& 0 made on ! imag9ative faculties ( ! design]s ( t day by ! metal-work]s1 ! gold & silv]smi?s1 ! jewell]s1 & all connect$ ) su* decorative manufactures z ! luxury ( weal? & ta/e calls into ex]tion4 ,! "n ( ,cell9i /&s prom95tly =? z ! inv5tor & fabricator ( mu* t 0 rem>kable2 ! pages ( 8 s+ul> autobiography detail ! peculi> beauty ( _m ( 8 designs2 ! ,vi5nese collection /ill boa/s "s ( ! f9e/ ( ! works s describ$1 p>ticul>ly ! gold5 salt-cell> he made = ,francis ,i4 ( ,france4 ,! high art :i* he br\ght to be> on design appli$ to jewell]y 0 foll[$ by o!r arti/-workm51 su* z ,/ephanus ( ,p>is1 & ,jamnitz] ( ,nuremb]g4 ,! metal-work]s ( ! latt] city1 & ( ,augsburg1 _h a univ]sal reputation at ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury = _! jewell]y & plate1 p>ticul>ly ! latt]4 ,!y kept 9 employ ! be/ design]s ( ! day1 & su* m5 z ,hans ,holbe91 ,alb]t ,aldegrf1 ,virgilius ,solis1 & a ho/ kn[n z ! 8little ma/]s10 suppli$ ! dem& ) app>5t abundance1 b x c\ld only be satisfi$ by ! multiplication ( ^! designs by means ( ! engrav]'s art4 ,h5ce we h at ?is p]iod1 & ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 an abundance ( small engrav+s1 compris+ a va/ v>iety ( designs = all articles ( ornam5t2 & f !m we h select$1 9 ,figs4 #bg & #bh1 two specim5s ( ^? int5d$ to be us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! p5d5t jewels1 !n s commonly worn on ! brea/ ( ri* ladies4 ,^! jewels 7 sometimes elaborately modell$ ) scriptural & o!r sc5es 9 _! c5tre1 *as$ 9 gold1 enri*$ by enamel col\rs1 & respl5d5t ) jewels4 ,! fam$ 8,grne ,gewlbe0 at ,dresd5 h _m f9e examples1 9 ! ,l\vre are o!rs1 & "s few ( a good k9d are to be se5 9 ! ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,! portraits ( ! age ( ,francis ,i4 & our ,que5 ,elizabe?1 frequ5tly repres5t ladies 9 a sup]fluity ( jewell]y1 ( a mo/ elaborate "*4 ,! portrait ( ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 9 our ,national ,portrait ,gall]y1 is load$ ) *a9s1 broo*es1 & p5dants1 en\gh to /ock ! %[-case ( a mod]n manufactur]4 ,?is love ( elaborate jewell]y 0 a positive mania ) _m nobles 9 ! old5 "t4 ,james ,i4 0 *ildi%ly fond ( su* tr9kets1 & mo/ portraits repres5t ! k+ ) hat-b&s ( jewels1 or sprays ( jewell]y at _! sides4 ,8 lett]s to 8 fav\rite1 ,buck+ham1 are (t5 full ( details ( ! jewels 9 :i* 8 maje/y delight$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4 ,p]haps no article ( p]sonal ornam5t has exhibit$ a great] v>iety ( design & decorative enri*m5t ?an ! cross4 ,x has at once be5 made an embelli%m5t & a badge ( fai?4 ,we select 9 ,fig4 #bi "o ( s+ul> elaboration & beauty1 n[ ! prop]ty ( ,lady ,londesbor\gh4 ,x is a "w ( ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 ! gr\nd is ( fro/$ gold1 ^u :i* is a foliat$ ornam5t 9 cloissonn enamel ( v>i\s col\rs4 ,x is also enri*$ ) pe>l & cry/al2 ! l[] "p ( ?is cross is furni%$ ) a loop1 f :i* a jewel ( value might be susp5d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #cj & #ca4 ,by way ( curi\s contra/1 z well z to %[ ! /yle ( v>i\s ages 9 ! article ( necklaces1 we give1 9 ,figs4 #cj & #ca1 two examples ( widely diff]5t eras4 ,! upp] "o is t ( a ,roman lady1 ^: entire collection ( jewell]y 0 accid5tally discov]$ at ,lyons1 9 #ahda1 by "s workm5 :o 7 excavat+ ! s\!rn side ( ! heights ( ,f\rvires1 on ! opposite side ( ! ,se9e4 ,f an inscrib$ r+ & "s co9s deposit$ 9 ! jewel-box1 ! lady appe>s to h liv$ 9 ! "t ( ! ,emp]or ,sev]us1 & to h be5 ! wife ( "o ( ! weal?y trad]s1 :o !n1 z n[1 7 enri*$ by ! traffic ( ! ,rhone4 ,! necklace we engrave is ( gold1 set ) pe>ls & em]alds2 ! cubical beads are cut 9 lapis lazuli1 z are ! p5dants :i* hang f o!rs4 ,?is love ( p5d5t ornam5t 0 common to all antique necklaces1 f ! days ( anci5t ,greece to ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,our second specim5 is an illu/ration ( ?is3 x is copi$ f ! portrait ( a lady 7be>+ date #aeic71 & compos$ ( a s]ies ( enamell$ plaques1 ) jewels ins]t$1 connect$ ) ea* o!r by an ornam5tal *a94 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #cb & #cc4 ,we h already allud$ to ! con/ant dem& on ! inv5tive faculty ( ! art-workman = articles ( all k9ds 9 ! old5 times2 no?+ 0 ?\ght unwor?y 8 att5tion4 ,we give a selection ( articles ( ord9>y use :i* h receiv$ a consid]able am\nt ( decorative enri*m5t4 ,! spur-r[els 7,figs4 #cb & #cc71 f ! collection ( ,m4 ,sauvageot1 ( ,p>is1 are rem>kable pro(s ( ! faculty ( inv5tion possess$ by ! anci5t arm\r]s4 ,s simple a ?+ z a spur-r[el1 9 our days ( utilit>ianism1 w\ld seem to be incapable ( v>iety1 or at lea/ unwor?y to receive mu* att5tion4 ,x 0 n s 9 pa/ times1 :5 workm5 ev5 delight$ to adorn _! own tools4 ,we engrave an arm\r]'s hamm] 7,figs4 #cd & #ce71 f ! collection ( ,"l ,londesbor\gh1 :i* has receiv$ an am\nt ( enri*m5t ( a v v>i$ "*4 ,! animals on "o side1 & 9 foliat$ scrolls1 connect ! design across ! summit ( ! implem5t ) a totally new composition on ! opposite side4 ,we w\ld n insi/ on any "p ( ! design z rem>kable = high "*2 x is simply giv5 z an in/ance ( ! love ( decoration s preval5t 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #cd & #ce4 ,! highly-enri*$ knock] & door-h&le 7,fig4 #cf7 7 sket*$ f ! orig9al1 on "o ( ! anci5t h\ses ( ! qua9t city ( ,nuremb]g4 ,! bell-pull beside x 7,fig4 #cg7 is also f ! same locality4 ,!re is probably no t[n 9 ,g]many :]e m arti/ic old iron-"w is to be se5 ?an 9 ?is place1--once ! ri*e/ ( trad+ communities1 :5 ,alb]t ,dur] fl\ri%$ )9 its walls1 & ! ,emp]or ,maximilian held royal /ate 9 its old ca/le4 ,to all :o w\ld realise ! *ivalric days ( ! old ,g]man ,empire1 we w\ld say1 8,g to ,nuremb]g40 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #cf & #cg4 ,! bell[s ( c>v$ *e/nut-wood 7,fig4 #ci7 is 9 ! possession ( ! ,c\nt de ,c\rval4 ,x is ( simpl] & 8sev]]0 design ?an common1 inasmu* z x 0 usual to enri* ^! useful dome/ic implem5ts ) an abundance ( elaborate designs1 & fill _! c5tres ) sc5es f sacr$ & pr(ane hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4 ,:5 ladies delight$ 9 lace-work+1 & 9 />*+ & prep>+ _! produce mo/ c>efully1 !y %[$ _! good h\sewif]y 9 wa%+ & iron+ x ) _! own h&s4 ,x 0 gallantry on ! "p ( _! sp\ses to make befitt+ pres5ts ( all ?+s requisite = _! lab\rs1 & wor?y _! use4 ,! box-iron we engrave 9 ,fig4 #ci is "o :i* has ?us be5 giv52 x be>s ! monogram ( ! fair lady :o orig9ally own$ x1 engrav$ )9 a 8true lov]'s knot40 ,! cupidons ( ! h&le end+ 9 fl[]s may be an emblem ( ,love & ,hym51 =m+ an appropriate embelli%m5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,applicability is ! mo/ useful *>act]i/ic ( ! /yle popul>ly kn[n z ! ,r5aissance2 x is conf9$ to no "o bran* ( art1 b is capable ( ext5sion to all1 f ! mo/ delicate "w ( ! jewell] to ! bolde/ scroll-ornam5t adopt$ by ! sculptor 9 wood or /one4 ,! ,loggie ( ! ,vatican is ! be/ orig9al example ( ! /yle z p]fect$ by ,raffaelle & 8 s*ol>s1 & appli$ to wall-pa9t+4 ,x 0 a free r5d]+ ( ! antique fresco ornam5t !n j discov]$ 9 ! ,ba?s ( ,petus1 :]e ext5sive excavations 7 und]tak5 9 #aejf1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,papal au?orities4 ,! classic =ms 7 8sev]]0 ?an ^? 9 use by ! arti/s :o resuscitat$ ! /yle1 & 7 some:at ov]laid ) ornam5t4 ,! details ( ,raffaelle's own "w w n always be> adv]se criticism1 inasmu* z !re are het]og5e\s features introduc$ occasionally1 :i* are n visible 9 ! pur] /yle ( antiquity4 ,z ! fa%ion = ?is decoration travell$ nor?w>d1 x increas$ 9 fre$om f classic rule1 & m completely des]v$ ! t]m 8grotesque10 :i* x occasionally receiv$1 a t]m d]iv$ f grotte1 an und]gr\nd room ( ! anci5t ba?s1 & :i* we n[ use *iefly 9 ! s5se ( a ludicr\s composition4 ,su* compositions 7 n unfrequ5t on ! walls ( ,greek & ,roman build+s2 & ! ,g]man & ,flemi% arti/s1 ) a nationally *>act]i/ic love ( :imsical design1 occasionally ran riot 9 inv5tion1 hav+ no rule beyond individual caprice4 ,?is un=tunate position (f]+ too great a lic5ce to m]e :imsicality1 0 felt 9 anci5t z well z 9 mod]n times4 ,pl9y object$1 on ! gr\nds ( false or incongru\s ta/e1 to ! arabesques ( ,pompeii1 ?\gh !y approa*$ ne>] to ! ,greek model2 & ,vitruvius1 ) t purity ( ta/e :i* 0 8 gr& *>act]i/ic1 endors$ ! op9ion1 & en=c$ x 9 8 tea*+4 ,we are (t5 9 error :5 we bl9dly admire1 or unhesitat+ly adopt1 ! works ( ! anci5ts z p]fection4 ,9 ,a!ns & ,rome 9 pa/ "t1 z 9 ,p>is & ,london at pres5t1 we may meet ) in/ances ( bad ta/e2 = vulg>ity belongs to no age or /ation1 & may be visible 9 ! co/ly decoration ( a ri* mansion1 ^: own] is un$ucat$ 9 art1 & insi/s on hav+ only :at he compreh5ds4 ,! decad5ce ( ! bett]-class ,r5aissance design 0 a natural consequ5ce ( ! lic5ce its features might assume1 & 9 ! progress ( ! sixte5? c5tury x became ?or\ghly vitiat$4 ,! tr\bles :i* di/ract$ ,europe 9 ! lat] "p ( t c5tury1 & :i* l$ to ! deva/at+ w>s & revolutions ( ! e>li] "p ( ! foll[+ "o1 complet$ ! debasem5t ( art-workman%ip4 ,l\is ,,xiv4 _h ! glory1 su* z x 01 ( its resuscitation2 b 8 ta/e 0 m]ely t ( an ov]-weal?y display1 :i* n unfrequ5tly lapses into positive vulg>isms4 ,! /yle kn[n di/9ctively by ! "n ( ?is mon>*--) all its het]og5e\s elem5ts1 its scrolls ( ! mo/ obtrusive =m1 fix$ to ornam5t hav+ no prop] cohesion1 & ov]laid ) fe/oons ( fl[]s & fruit--is m rem>kable = ! oppressive o/5tation :i* 0 ! *>act]i/ic ( ! mon>* & 8 age1 ?an = good ta/e or real elegance4 ,:at a v little exagg]ation c\ld make ( ?is /yle may be se5 9 ! productions ( ! era ( 8 successor1 & :i* ! ,italians /igmatis$ by ! t]m rococo4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4 ,! examples ( ,r5aissance giv5 9 our pages exhibit a fair av]age ( its applicability4 ,! p5d5t ornam5t 7,fig4 #dj7 includes details adopt$ by jewell]s4 ,! %ield1 ) ! sacr$ monogram 7,fig4 #da71 is su* z appe>$ 9 wood-panell+4 ,! h&le 7,fig4 #db7 exhibits z mu* fre$om ( design z ! /yle c\ld admit2 x is qua9t & peculi>1 b n )\t elegance 9 ! mode ( br++ ! classic dolph9 )9 ! scope ( ! composition4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4 ,! di/9ctive features ( ! /yle may be m readily compreh5d$ by contra/+ x ) a few specim5s ( ! s-call$ 8,go?ic /yle10 a /yle :i* possesses ! /ronge/ orig9al features1 & "o :i* w yield to none 9 peculi> beauty & applicability4 ,we give two examples--! "o ,g]man1 ! o!r ,fr5*2 !y are bo? wood panel1 fill$ ) trac]y :i* be>s ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ( ! two s*ools4 ,! ,g]man 7,fig4 #dc7 is rem>kable = ! sudd5 t]m9ation ( its fl[+ l9es1 :i* occasionally gives to ! c>v+ ( ! epo* an appe>ance ( hav+ be5 sudd5ly brok51 or *opp$ (f1 9 p>ts4 ,at ,nuremb]g ?is peculi>ity is v obs]vable2 our specim5 is select$ f ! *ur* at ,rottweil1 9 ! ,black ,=e/1 :i* be>s ! date ( #acdj4 ,! ,fr5* 7,fig4 #dd7 is a fav\rable example ( ! ,flamboyant /yle1 :i* gave fre$om to ! m$ival rigidity ( ! ,go?ic1 & pav$ ! way = ! ready adoption ( ! /yle ( ,francis ,i41 :i* 0 bas$ on t ( ! ,italians4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4 ,figs4 #de & #dg display "o peculi>ity 9 ?is nor!rn adaptation--! introduction ( bu/s1 9 high relief1 9 c5tral m$allions4 ,x is sometimes introduc$ s unscrupul\sly 9 ! c>v$ panell+ ( ,elizabe?an mansions1 t x has almo/ ! effect ( a r[ ( wood5 dolls peep+ ?r\gh %utt]s4 ,! latt] ( ! two examples may be receiv$ z "o ( ! be/ ( its k9d1 exhibit+ ! utmo/ enri*m5t ( :i* ! /yle 0 g5]ally capable1 & z few het]og5e\s features1 ?\gh "h !y are n entirely abs5t4 ,by way ( useful contra/1 we give 9 ,fig4 #dh1 a v pure specim5 ( a panel 9 ,italian workman%ip1 f a tomb ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,ara ,cli1 at ,rome4 ,! fl[ ( l9e "h is exce$+ly graceful2 ! :ole ( ! details are *>act]is$ by a delicacy unkn[n to ! arti/s ( ,g]many & ,fl&]s2 ! tor*es & volutes po9t unmi/akably to ! classic orig9 ( ! :ole4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #de4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #df4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh4 ,x 0 n natural to ! ,roman p ev] to =get _! great art-works ( antiquity2 ! influ5ce ( ! 8dep>t$ spirits0 /ill 8rul$ !m f _! urns10 z ,byron tru?fully expresses x4 ,! arti/s ( ,greece & ,rome bas$ _! compositions on ! unv>y+ tru? ( nature2 & ?\gh ! b>b>ic m9d might be> sway = a:ile1 x c\ld n triumph b ?r\gh ignorance4 ,rome is n[ ! great art-tea*] only because x is ! cons]vator ( its anci5t relics2 & !y h _h _! influ5ce undim9i%$ f ! days ( ,raffaelle & ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,!re are _m pleas+ bits ( design 9 ! antique city1 t %[ ! classic s\rce ( inspiration f :i* _! inv5tors obta9$ !m4 ,! boy & dolph9s1 =m+ ! pleas+ dome/ic f\nta9 we engrave 9 ,fig4 #ea1 is an evid5t in/ance ( ! influ5ce ( antique ta/e4 ,! abundant supply ( wat] 0 ! gr& feature ( ! ,rome ( ! ,cs>s1 z x /ill is ( ! ,rome ( ! ,popes2 & ! lib]ality ) :i* e h\se is s]v$ has frequ5tly induc$ ! own]s ( l>ge mansions to decorate "o corn] ( _! ext]nal walls ) a f\nta91 at :i* all wayf>]s may be suppli$4 ,9 a recess ( ! l[]mo/ /ory ( "o ( ! great palazzi :i* l9e ! pr9cipal /reet ( ,rome1 8! ,corso10 our second specim5 7,fig4 #eb7 is plac$4 ,x repres5ts a w9e-m]*ant lib]ally p\r+ f ! bung-hole ( 8 b>rel its inexhau/ible cont5ts4 ,on great fe/as 9 ! old5 "t x 0 n unusual to make public f\nta9s run ) w9e = an h\r or two1 & ?is may h occurr$ ) ! "o engrav$2 x is a "w ( ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 luxury reign$ 9 ,rome4 ,z a design x is exce$+ly simple & appropriate1 rem9d+1 by its qua9tness1 ( ,g]man r ?an ,italian design4 ,! old ,teutonic cities pres5t v _m /rik+ inv5tions ( ! k9d3 & ! promot]s & design]s ( our dr9k+ f\nta9s may obta9 good & useful h9ts f t qu>t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #di4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ej4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ea4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb4 ,our /reet ar*itecture has %[n rec5tly a great] fre$om ( design1 & range ( /udy1 ?an 0 ev] exhibit$ be=e4 ,we may owe ?is1 9 "s degree1 to ! excell5t works on ! dome/ic & palatial edifices ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 :i* h issu$ f ! press1 & h v9dicat$ ! true "* ( ! great m$ival build]s4 ,g]many--tak+ ! t]m = ! nation 9 its wide/ s5se--c %[ 9 its antique cities a va/ v>iety ( fancy 9 ar*itecture & its ornam5tal details4 ,ea* city may be made a pr(itable resid5ce = ! /udy ( a "y ar*itect2 & ! sup]ior k ( ! lead+ pr9ciples ( m$ival art1 n[ exhibit$ 9 _! adaptation ( ! /yle to home ev5ts1 is a cle> pro( t ! fact has be5 felt & act$ on4 ,! 8inf9ite v>iety0 ( ! old decorator is ev]y:]e app>5t1 & ! play he gave to 8 inv5tion4 ,we give 9 ,fig4 #ec1 z "o in/ance1 ! ornam5tal m\ld+s ( ! ,*apel ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,aix2 9 ?is in/ance ! rigidity ( ! rule :i* en=ces geometric =m to ! :ole is s(t5$ by ! introduction ( ! cable m\ld+ to a portion !re(1 ) s+ul>ly good effect4 ,x is a "w execut$ "u ! rule ( ,arm& de ,hesse1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cologne1 & ,provo/ ( ,aix1 probably ab\t #adhj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec4 ,! ,go?ic1 !re=e1 ( ! be/ era1 0 by no means ! /iff & monoton\s /yle imag9$ by ^? :o only "k its details by ! rema9s ( our own ecclesia/ical build+s2 n t we inf] !m to be )\t mu* fre$om & beauty occasionally1 z 9 ! ,p]cy %r9e at ,bev]ley ,m9/]1 or ! tomb ( ,aylm] de ,val5ce1 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,b we h few] dome/ic build+s ( a florid ,go?ic /yle ?an are to be f\nd abroad1 & ! arti/s :o design$ = t /yle delight$ 9 new ideas4 ,x is ev5 visible 9 ! works ( _! pa9t]s & engrav]s3 ?us ! trac]y ov] ! doorway 9 ,dur]'s pr9t ( 8,! ,crucifixion10 "o ( 8 s]ies ( ! life ( ! ,virg91 :ile x con=ms to ! lead+ pr9ciple ( ar*itectural design1 is compos$ ( bran*es & leaves :i* fl[ ) a fre$om belong+ m to ! pa9t] ?an ! ar*itect4 ,simil> in/ances ab\nd 9 old pictures4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed4 ,! foliation ( ,g]man "w 0 g5]ally crisp & full ( convolutions 9 its m9or features1 ?\gh ! lead+ l9es 7 boldly conceiv$4 ,we give an example f a panel c>v$ 9 wood1 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,/uttg>d1 a "w ( ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,x is almo/ a return to ! old acan?us leaf1 & s completes a cycle ( f9e art4 ,brief z ! review has necess>ily be5 ( ! decorative arts adorn+ life ?r\gh\t ! c5turies :i* h pass$ 9 rapid succession be=e u1 !y h taught two great facts--! beauty ( art z an adjunct to ! mo/ ord9>y dem&s ( dome/icity1 & ! value ( ! /udy ( ! v>i$ arts ( pa/ ages z an addition to ! requirem5ts ( our own4 8,ev] *ang+1 ev] new10 may be ! lesson d]iv$ f ! inve/igation ( any epo*4 ,h[ mu* !n may be obta9$ f a g5]al review ( all6 ,s]\x d',ag9c\rt d$uc$ a hi/ory ( art f its monum5ts2#da-99 & m5 ( ! pres5t day h ! advantage ( all t ! _w has produc$ br\ght easily1 by aid ( ! bur9 & ! pr9t+-press1 to _! own firesides4 ,we are evid5tly less orig9al 9 idea ?an our ance/ors1 f ! association ( _! lab\rs ) our ?\ght2 b we may yet live 9 ! hope ( see+ "s new & peculi> feature 9 ! progress ( mod]n decorative art obta9$ by retrospective glances at ! pa/4 ,x is to ! duty ( ?us le>n+ f ! pa/1 we desire to direct ! att5tion ( our read]s4 ,slavi%ly to copy1 or sy/ematically to imitate1 are evils sc>cely less repreh5sible ?an to neglect !m altoge!r2 b frequ5t /udy ( ! great ma/]s 9 any art is indisp5sable to ^? :o w\ld excel4 ,x is to ! abs5ce ( su* /udy t we may trace mo/ ( ! defects ( ! ,briti% artisan4 ,unhappily1 he seldom ei!r exam9es1 reads1 or ?9ks2 g5]ally he is cont5t to "w1 l a horse 9 a mill1 pursu+ ! same monoton\s r\nd1 produc+ only t :i* has be5 produc$ be=e1 )\t alt]ation1 & )\t improvem5t4 ,until )9 ! la/ few ye>s1 ?is defect c\ld h>dly h be5 urg$ aga9/ him z an (f5ce4 ,8 employ]s did n require advancem5t1 seldom enc\rag$ intellig5t workm51 & r pref]r$ ! m]e ma*9e :o 0 cont5t to d no m ?an 8 fa!rs _h done1 & :o look$ ^u new inv5tions z co/ly :ims or exp5sive absurdities4 ,!re 7 exceptions--glori\s exceptions2 b ! rule 01 und\bt$ly1 z we h /at$4 ,?is deplorable disadvantage exi/s no long]2 9 ne>ly e t[n 9 ! k+dom1 ( any size1 !re is "s in/itution :]e k may be obta9$ readily & *eaply4 ,! societies 9 connection ) ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,sci5ce & ,art n[ ab\nd ) compet5t ma/]s & tea*]s1 & all ! appliances ( in/ruction4 ,! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum is alone a m9e ( weal?4 ,n only are ! artisans enabl$ to resort to x freely1 b e possible inducem5t is held out to !m to d s2 ! sup]9t5d5ts !re almo/ g into ! highways to 8compel !m to come 940 ,!re is no call+ ( any sort or k9d t may n be educat$ "h2 ! ma/]s1 z well z ! workm51 ( all trades may "h receive ! education1 8free ( *>ge10 :i* no sum ( money c\ld h procur$ = !m tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,ignorance1 n[adays1 is1 !re=e1 totally )\t excuse4 ,no d\bt ! se$ t has be5 s ext5sively & abundantly plant$ is gr[+ rapidly up2 9 "s places x has borne fruit4 ,x is utt]ly impossible t ! exi/+ race ( art-workm51 & _! successors 8ris+ up10 c be ignorant z 7 _! pr$ecessors4 ,if !y use _! eyes m]ely1 & p]mit _! m9ds to rema9 blanks1 !y mu/ improve4 ,!re is no /reet 9 ,london n[ t w n tea* !m some?+2 e %op w9d[ conta9s a lesson2 & x requires no v l>ge obs]vation to p]ceive advancem5t 9 e class ( ,briti% art-manufacture--n1 c]ta9ly1 s m>k$ z to produce cont5t1 b exhibit+ ample pro( t we are progress+ 9 ! "r direction1 & lead+ to ! conclusion t at no v di/ant p]iod we %all n h to incur ! reproa* t our artisans are worse educat$ ?an ^? ( ,g]many1 ,belgium1 & ,france4 ,^! rem>ks result f ! brief insight we h giv5 9 ^! pages into ! ri* volumes :i* ! pa/ has fill$ = ! use ( ! pres5t4 ,! books to :i* we h resort$1 & ! places 9 :i* we h s\ght = r>ities1 are op5 to mo/ ( ^? :o desire to exam9e !m1 & :o w f9d an exp5diture ( "t & lab\r to any am\nt1 be x l>ge or small1 produce an ext5t ( remun]ation ( :i* ! se>*] w h no idea until he beg9s to ga!r 9 ! pr(it he has made4 ,we _h int5d$ to supply a li/ ( books1 to be obta9$ ei!r at ! ,briti% ,museum or ! ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 to :i* we desire to direct ! att5tion ( our art-produc]s & art-workm52 b ?us to occupy space is ne$less4 ,! requisite in=mation c be easily procur$3 any ( ! sup]9t5d5ts1 at ei!r place1 w gladly direct ! se>*]1 on receiv+ in=mation z to 8 wants4 ,moreov]1 x is p]mitt$1 "u c]ta9 re/rictions1 to take sket*es ( engrav+s or draw+s1 & f objects exhibit$2 aids to d ?is readily pres5t !mselves4 ,books1 h[ev]1 %\ld be reg>d$ only z auxili>ies2 !y w supply 9 abundance mat]ial = sugge/ion or adaptation2 al?\gh1 z we h already obs]v$1 8slavi%ly to copy1 or sy/ematically to imitate10 are evils to be avoid$4 ,illu/ration ,,footnotes3 #da-99 8,hi/oire de l',art p> les ,monum5s1 depuis sa ,dcad5ce au ,,ive4 ,sicle jusqu' son ,r5\vellem5t au ,,xvie40 ,,grotesque ,,design1 ,,z ,,exhibit$ ,,9 ,,ornam5tal ,,& ,,indu/rial ,,art4 ,,grotesque ,,design1 ,,z ,,exhibit$ ,,9 ,,ornam5tal ,,& ,,indu/rial ,,art4 ,among ! qua9t t]ms 9 art to :i* def9ite mean+s are atta*$1 b :i* d n 9 !mselves convey any su* def9ite con/ruction1 we may class ! t]m grotesque4 ,! t]m grotesque 0 fir/ appli$ z a g5]ic appellation 9 ! latt] "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 :5 ! 8grottoes10 or ba?s ( anci5t ,rome1 & ! l[]mo/ ap>tm5ts ( h\ses !n exhum$1 exhibit$ :imsically design$ wall-decorations1 :i* attract$ ! att5tion ( ,raffaelle & o!r arti/s1 :o resuscitat$ & modifi$ ! /yle2 adopt+ x = ! fam\s ,loggie ( ! ,vatican & = g>d5 pavilions or grottoes4 ,we may safely g back to ! e>lie/ era 9 art = ! orig9 ( ! /yle1 if1 inde$1 ! grotesque does n s intimately connect itself ) ! primeval art ( all c\ntries z to be almo/ insep>able4 ,inde$1 x requires a consid]able am\nt ( classical education to see s]i\sly ! mean+1 t anci5t arti/s desir$ 9 all gravity to express1 9 works :i* n[ excite a smile by _! inh]5t comicality4 ,h5ce ! antiqu>y may be occasionally ruffl$ by ! rem>ks ( "s irrev]5t spectator1 on a "w :i* ! =m] gravely contemplates1 because he feels ! design ( its mak]1 & is famili> ) ! antique mode ( expression4 ,?us ! e>ly ,greek figures ( ,m9]va1 :e!r /atues or ^u co9s1 h occasionally an irresi/ibly ludicr\s expression3 b1 z art improv$1 ?is expression s(t5$1 & ultimately disappe>$1 ! grotesque elem5t tak+ a m positive =m & walk ( its own4 ,9 t cradle ( art & sci5ce1 ! anci5t l& ( ,egypt1 we %all f9d grotesque art fl\ri%+ 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,_! arti/s did n scruple to decorate ! walls ( tombs ) pictures ( real life1 9 :i* comic satire (t5 peeps =? amid ! grave/ surr\nd+s4 ,?us we f9d repres5tations ( p]sons at a social ga!r+ evid5tly ! worse = w9e-dr9k+2 or ! solemn procession ( ! fun]al boats int]rupt$ by a ludicr\s del9eation ( ! 8f\l+0 or upsett+ "o unlucky boat & its crew1 :i* _h drift$ 9 ! way2 :ile ! mo/ impressive ( all sc5es1 ! f9al judgm5t ( ! s\l be=e ,osiris1 is depict$ at ,!bes ) ! grotesque t]m9ation ( ! =c$ return ( a wick$ s\l to e>?1 "u ! =m ( a pig1 9 a boat r[$ by a c\ple ( monkeys4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a s+ul> papyrus1 ^u :i* are drawn figures ( animals p]=m+ ! actions ( mank9d2 & among ! l>ge numb] ( antiquities :i* swell ! ,egyptian gall]ies1 !re are _m t exhibit ! p>tiality ( ?is anci5t p = ! grotesque4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ee-eh4 ,our fir/ examples consi/ ( a gr\p ( wood5 boxes & spoons1 all ( :imsical =m1 & select$ f ! great "w by ,sir ,john ,g>dn] ,wilk9son on ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! anci5t ,egyptians4#di-99 ,!y 7 =m$ to conta9 cosmetics ( div]s k9ds1 & s]v$ to deck ! dress+-table1 or a lady's b\doir4 ,!y are c>v$ 9 v>i\s ways1 & load$ ) ornam5tal devices 9 relief1 sometimes repres5t+ ! fav\rite lotus-fl[]1 ) its buds & /alks1 or a goose1 gazelle1 fox1 or o!r animal4 ,fig4 #ee is a small box1 made 9 ! =m ( a goose2 & ,fig4 #ef1 also 9 ! %ape ( ! same bird1 dress$ = ! cook4 ,! spoon :i* succe$s ?is1 ,fig4 #eg1 takes ! =m ( ! c>t\*e1 or oval1 9 :i* royal names 7 inscrib$1 & is held =? by a female figure ( graceful proportions4 ,fig4 #eh is a /ill m grotesque comb9ation2 a h& holds =? a %ell1 ! arm be+ elongat$ & att5uat$ accord+ to ! exig5cies ( ! design1 & t]m9at+ 9 ! head ( a goose4 ,! abundance ( qua9t fancy t may be lavi%$ on s simple a ?+ z a spoon _c be bett] illu/rat$ ?an x has be5 by an ,am]ican au?or1 :o publi%$1 9 ,new ,york1 9 #ahde1 an illu/rat$ octavo volume on ! hi/ory ( 8,! ,spoon3 ,primitive1 ,egyptian1 ,roman1 ,m$ival1 & ,mod]n40 ,speak+ ( ^! antique ,egyptian specim5s1 he says1--8,9 ^! =ms we h ! turns ( ?\ght ( old arti/s2 nay1 ca/s ( ! v ?\ghts !mselves4 ,we fancy we c almo/ see a ,!ban spoonmak]'s face bright5 up z ! image ( a new patt]n cross$ 8 m9d2 behold him sket* x on papyrus1 & wat* e movem5t ( 8 *isel or grav] z he gradually embodi$ ! ?\ght1 & publi%$ x 9 "o ( ! =ms portray$ on ^! pages--secur+ an accession ( cu/om]s & a correspond+ rew>d 9 an increase ( pr(it4 ,we take x = grant$ t piratical artisans 7 n p]mitt$ to p\nce on e popul> inv5tion :i* ! wit ( ano!r br\ght =?4 ,_h !re be5 no *ecks to unpr9cipl$ usurp]s ( o!r m5's productions1 ! en]gies ( inv5tors w\ld h be5 p>alys$1 & ! arts c\ld h>dly h atta9$ ! p]fection !y did among "s ( t fam\s p ( old40 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ei-fa4 ,! graceful head & neck ( ! swan =m$ = _m c5turies ! fav\rite t]m9ation = ! h&les ( simpula1 or ladles4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans adopt$ x1 z !y freely did grotesque art 9 g5]al2 & ! walls ( ,pompeii & ,h]culaneum exhibit x 9 untrammell$ /yle2 :ile _m articles ( ornam5t & use 7 con/ruct$ 9 ! mo/ :imsical ta/e4 ,we mu/ re/rict ourselves to ?ree specim5s ( ,roman works1 z _m hundr$s might be readily br\ght toge!r f public museums4 ,our gr\p consi/s ( two clasp-knives & a lamp4 ,! knife1 ,fig4 #ei1 0 f\nd at ,arles1 9 ! s\? ( ,france2 ! h&le is ( bone1 & has be5 rudely fa%ion$ into ! human =m3 ! second example1 ,fig4 #fj1 is ( bronze1 & repres5ts a canis v5ati1 ( ! greyh\nd species1 cat*+ a h>e2 ! design is p]=at$1 s t ! /eel blade %[s ?r\gh x4 ,x 0 f\nd )9 ! b\nds ( ! ,roman /ation ( ,reculv]1 9 ,k5t2 ano!r ( simil> design 0 f\nd at ,had/ock1 9 ,essex3 nor are ^! solit>y examples ( :at appe>s to h be5 a popul> design 9 ,brita94 ,! sup]iority ( ! ,briti% hunt+ dogs has be5 celebrat$ by ,roman writ]s1 & induc$ _! frequ5t exportation to ! capital ( ! _w4 ,! lamp1 ) ! qua9t head ( an ivy-wrea!d satyr1 ,fig4 #fa1 0 f\nd 9 ! b$ ( ! ,?ames1 :ile remov+ ! f\ndations ( old ,london ,bridge4 ,! protrud+ m\? ( ?is v grotesque design holds =? ! light$ wick4 ,9 no?+ m ?an 9 lamps did ! qua9t imag9+s ( ! ,roman arti/s take ! wilde/ lic5se4 ,:5 ! successful incursions ( nor!rn b>b>ism _h qu5*$ ! light ( classic art1 ! /ruggle made by su* arti/s z ! ,go?s _h at comm& to embody ! ideas ( p[] or grace !y wi%$ to indicate1 7 (t5 z absurd z ! "w ( a mod]n *ild4 ,h5ce ! grotesque is an insep>able +r$i5t 9 _! designs1 (t5 q accid5tal1 & frequ5tly 9 express contradiction to ! int5tion ( ! design]1 :o imag9$ 9 all s]i\sness _m sc5es t n[ only excite a smile4 ,a /rong s5se ( ! ludicr\s 01 h[ev]1 felt by m$ival m51 & embodi$ 9 ! art-works !y h left = our contemplation4 ,) x 0 comb9$ a reli% = satire ( a practical k9d4 ,a v good & amus+ in/ance is giv5 9 ,fig4 #fb1 :i* is copi$ f a c>v$ corn]-po/ ( an old h\se 9 ,l[] ,brook ,/reet1 ,ipswi*4 ,x depicts ! old popul> leg5d ( ! ,fox & ,geese1 ! latt] attract$ t[>d ,reyn>d by 8 app>5t innoc5ce & sanctity1 z he reads a homily f a lect]n1 & meet+ ! rew>d ( _! fooli% tru/fulness1 9 ! fatte/ ( _! numb] be+ c>ri$ (f by ! crafty fox4 ,bo? incid5ts are1 z usual ) ^! anci5t design]s1 repres5t$ side by side on diff]5t angles ( ! po/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fc4 ,our next engrav+1 ,fig4 #fc1 is a v /rik+ specim5 ( grotesque design 9 ironwork ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x is a door h&le f a *ur* 9 ! ,high ,/reet ( ,gl\ce/]1 & a m extraord9>y admixture ( incongru\s details c\ld n v readily be imag9$4 ,! r+ hangs f ! neck ( a mon/] ) a human head hav+ ass's e>s1 ! neck is snake-l1 bat's w+s are ^u ! %\ld]s1 ! paws are ^? ( a wolf4 ,to ! body is conjo9$ a grotesque head ) loll+ tongue1 ! head wrapp$ 9 a close hood4 ,grotesque design1 = ! reason already /at$1 frequ5tly appe>s 9 ! details ( *ur* ar*itecture & furniture dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 p>ticul>ly f ! ?irte5? to ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! capital ( a column 0 ! fav\rite place = ! indulg5ce ( ! mason's ta/e 9 c>icature2 ! mis]]es1 or fold+ seats ( ! *oir1 = t ( ! wood-c>v]4 ,x is impossible to conceive any?+ m droll ?an _m ( ! sc5es depict$ on ^! anci5t b5*es4 ,emblematic pictures ( ! mon?s1 secul> games ( all k9ds1 or illu/rations ( popul> leg5ds1 frequ5tly appe>$2 b z frequ5tly satirical & grotesque sc5es1 (t5 bord]+ on positive indelicacy2 & occasionally satires on ! cl]ical "*1 :i* c be only und]/ood :5 we rememb] ! /r5g? ( ! odium !ologicum1 & h[ completely ! well-e/abli%$ regul> cl]gy dislik$ ! w&]+ b>efoot$ fri>s1 :o mix$ ) ! p free ( all cl]ical pret5ce1 & induc$ unpleasant comp>ison ) ! o/5tati\s pride ( ! great] dignit>ies4 ,! ,franciscans 7 9 ?is way especially obnoxi\s1 & betwe5 !m & ! well-e/abli%$ ,b5$ict9es an incessant feud exi/$4 ,! tone ( feel+ t p]vad$ ! middle & humbl] classes f\nd a m\?-piece 9 t curi\s satire1 ! ,vision ( ,pi]s ,pl\ghman1 ?an :i* ,lu!r nev] spoke pla9]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fd4 ,"o v prevail+ =m 9 e>ly ,go?ic design 0 t ( ! my?ic dragon1 ^: w+$ body & convolut$ tail 7 easily & happily adapt$ to mix ) ! foliage or o!r decorative enri*m5ts ^! arti/s *ose to adopt4 ,h5ce we f9d no creature m common 9 e>ly art ?an ?is purely fanciful "o1 r5d]$ /ill m fanciful by grotesque comb9ation4 ,! bosses f :i* spr+ ! vault$ ribs ( ,wells ,ca!dral furni% u ) ! in/ance engrav$ 9 ,fig4 #fd2 "h two dragons tw9e r\nd a bun* ( foliage1 bit+ ea* o!r's tails4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fe4 ,dome/ic ut5sils 7 (t5 made to repres5t liv+ ?+s2 ! t5d5cy to conv]t a globul> vase or jug into a huge head or a fat figure1 has be5 common to all p 9 all ages4 ,! highly civilis$ ,greeks indulg$ ! :im1 & our own pott]s cont9ue x4 ,9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 vessels = liquids 7 (t5 con/ruct$ ( bronze1 tak+ ! =m ( lions1 or m\nt$ knights on horseback1 ( :i* specim5s may be se5 9 our ,briti% ,museum4 ,! manufactur]s ( e>!nw>e imitat$ ^! at a *eap] rate1 & we engrave 7,fig4 #fe7 "o example ( _! skill1 ! orig9al be+ rudely col\r$ ) a blue & yell[ glaze on ! surface ( ! br[n clay :i* =ms ! body4 ,! door-knock] 7,fig4 #ff71 :imsically con/ruct$ 9 =m ( a human leg1 ! heel hitt+ aga9/ ! door1 is also a "w ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 x is affix$ to a h\se 9 ! ,rue des ,conseils1 at ,aux]re1 & is v *>act]i/ic 9 execution4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ff4 ,our selection 7,fig4 #fg7 comprises a mo/ r>e dome/ic antiquity1 to :i* a date _c s readily be assign$1 b :i* _c be m mod]n ?an ! sixte5? c5tury1 & may be old]4 ,x is a toa/+-=k 9 ! =m ( a dog1 to ^: brea/ a r+ is atta*$ = hold+ a plate4 ,x is entirely con/ruct$ ( wr\ght-iron1 ! body cut f a flat %eet ( metal4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 cle>+ away ! f\ndations ( "o ( ! olde/ h\ses 9 ,we/m9/]4 ,! tail ( ! dog =ms a conv5i5t h&le2 to ! front foot a cross b> is app5d$ to pres]ve its due equilibrium4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fg4 ,grotesque design 0 adopt$ by ! arti/s :o decorat$ books f ! v e>lie/ "t4 ,! m>g9s ( anci5t manuscripts are (t5 enri*$ ) :imsical compositions1 z well z ) fl[+ designs ( mu* grace & beauty4 ,occasionally ! two /yles are v happily comb9$1 & a humor\s adjunct gives piquancy to a s*ola/ic composition4 ,! e>ly pr9t$ books (t5 adopt$ a simil> /yle 9 art1 & we give two curi\s specim5s4 ,! lett] ,f1 :imsically compos$ ( two figures ( m9/rels 7,fig4 #fh71 "o play+ ! trumpet & ! o!r ! tabor1 is copi$ f an alphabet1 entirely compos$ 9 ?is mann]1 & n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 x be>s no date1 b ! late ,mr4 ,william ,"y ,ottley1 keep] ( ! pr9ts !re1 0 ( op9ion t x 0 execut$ ab\t ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,?is qua9t alphabet has be5 repeat$ by ! arti/s ( ea* succe$+ g5]ation1 ) v>iations to adapt ! lett]s to ! co/ume or habit ( ea* era2 b 9 ?is unique s]ies we seem to see ! orig9 ( !m all4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fh4 ,"o ( ! mo/ s+ul> books ev] issu$ f ! press1 0 publi%$ ab\t ! same p]iod2 x is kn[n z ! ,ars ,memor&i4#ei-99 ,z its title imports1 x 0 int5d$ to assi/ ! memory 9 reta9+ ! cont5ts ( ! ,gospels 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,?is is done by mak+ ! body ( ! design ( ! emblematic figure indicative ( ea*1 ei!r ! eagle1 angel1 ox1 or lion2 9 comb9ation ) ?is figure are _m small gr\ps1 symbolic ( ! cont5ts ( ! v>i\s *apt]s4 ,! copy we give 7,fig4 #fi71 f ! second pr9t devot$ to ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel1 w make ! plan ( ?is s+ul> picture-book cle>]4 ,! w+$ bull is spread out z a base to ! gr\p ( m9or emblems1 ^u its head re/s a fun]al bi]1 & 9 front ( x a pot ( o9tm5t2 ! num]al #g alludes to ! *apt]1 ! pr9cipal cont5ts be+ ?us call$ to memory4 ,! bi] alludes to ! ,savi\r's miracul\s re/oration to life ( ! wid['s son1 :om ,he met c>ri$ out on a bi] z ,he ent]$ ! city ( ,na92 ! o9tm5t pot alludes to ! ano9t+ ( ,8 feet by ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,! bag ^u :i* ! figure #h is plac$1 indicates ! fable ( ! s[]1 x is ! se$-bag ( ! husb&man2 ! boat alludes to ! passage ( ! ,lake :5 ! ,savi\r quell$ ! /orm4 ,! s+ul> gr\p ( emblems 9 ! c5tre ( ! figure indicates--! p[] giv5 to ! disciples by ! key2 ! ,savi\r 9 8 transfiguration1 by ! sun2 & ! miracul\s multiplication ( ! five loaves2 z n>rat$ 9 ! #i? *apt] ( ,/4 ,luke4 ,! foll[+ *apt] has its *ief cont5ts not$ by ! scroll indicative ( ! law2 ! sword :i* w\nd$ ! travell] f ,j]usalem :om ! good ,sam>itan aid$2 & ! figure ( ,m>y comm5d$ by ,jesus4 ,no4 #aa is typical ( ! ca/+ out a devil ^: back is depict$ brok53 & ,no4 #ab1 ( ! tea*+ ( t *apt] 9 ! ,gospel2 = "h ! he>t is set ^u a treasure-*e/1 an act we are especially taught to avoid4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fi4 ,^! great treasure-*e/s 7 important pieces ( furniture 9 anci5t h\ses1 & 7 g5]ally plac$ at ! foot ( ! ma/]'s b$ = ! great] safety2 9 !m 7 pack$ ! *ief valuables he possess$1 p>ticul>ly ! h\sehold plate4 ,at a "t :5 bank+ 0 unkn[n1 prop]ty 0 conv]t$ into plate1 z a mo/ conv5i5t mode ( reta9+ x4 ,decorative plate increas$ ! public /ate ( its own]1 0 a portable ?+1 & c\ld be easily hidd5 9 "t ( dang]1 or pl$g$ 9 "t ( want4 ,h5ce ! nobility & g5try ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies gave abundant employm5t to ! goldsmi?4 ,cell9i1 9 8 ,memoirs1 has not$ _m f9e pieces ( ornam5tal plate he 0 call$ ^u to design & execute2 & "o ( ! f9e/ /ill exi/s 9 ! ,kun/-,kamm]1 at ,vi5na--! gold5 salt-cell> he made = ,francis ,i41 ( ,france4 ,! 8salt0 0 an important piece ( plate on all tables at ?is p]iod1 & to be plac$ above or bel[ x1 indicat$ ! rank1 or hon\r1 done to any seat$ at ! banquet4 ,! l>ge engrav+ 7,fig4 #gj7 del9eates a v rem>kable salt-cell>1 be+ "p ( ! collection ( antique plate =m$ by ! late ,"l ,londesbor\gh4 ,?is curi\s example ( ! qua9t designs ( ! old metal-work]s1 is consid]$ to h be5 ! "w ( "o ( ! fam\s ,augsburg goldsmi?s at ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x is a comb9ation ( metals1 jewels1 & r>e %ells 9 a s+ul>ly grotesque g5]al design4 ,! salt 0 plac$ 9 ! l>ge %ell ( ! !n r>e pect5 ( ! ,s\? ,seas1 :i* is edg$ ) a silv]-gilt rim *as$ 9 floriat$ ornam5t1 & fur!r enri*$ by g>nets2 to x is affix$ ! half-l5g? figure ( a lady1 ^: bosom is =m$ ( ! l>g] orange-col\r$ pect51 ^u :i* a g>net is affix$ to repres5t a broo*2 a cry/al =ms ! caul ( ! head-dress1 ano!r is plac$ bel[ ! wai/4 ,! l>ge %ell is support$ by ! tail ( ! :ale on "o side1 & on ! o!r by ! s]p5t :i* twi/s ar\nd x2 9 ?is reptile's head a turquoise is set1 ! eyes are =m$ ( g>net1 & ! tongue ( r$ onyx4 ,! :ole is ( silv]-gilt1 & )9 ! m\? is a small figure ( ,jonah1 ^: adv5ture is ?us /rangely mix$ ) ! g5]al design4 ,! sea is qua9tly indicat$ by ! circul> base1 *as$ ) figures ( sea-mon/]s disport+ 9 ! waves4 ,x w\ld n be easy to select a m *>act]i/ic specim5 ( antique table-plate4 ,! inv5tories ( simil> articles once possess$ by ! ,fr5* k+1 ,*>les ,v41 & 8 bro!r1 ! ,duke ( ,anj\1 ,k+ ( ,naples & ,prov5ce 7pres]v$ 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y1 ,p>is71 give descriptive details ( simil> qua9t pieces ( art-manufacture1 9 :i* ! mo/ grotesque & het]og5e\s features are comb9$1 & ! "w enri*$ by preci\s /ones & enamels4 ,jules ,lab>te obs]ves1 8! arti/s ( t p]iod indulg$ 9 /range flights ( fancy 9 design+ plate = ! table1 !y especially delight$ 9 grotesque subjects3 a ew] or a cup may (t5 be se5 9 ! %ape ( a man1 animal1 or fl[]1 :ile a mon/r\s comb9ation ( sev]al human figures s]ves to =m ! design ( a vase40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gj4 ,b qua9t & fanciful z 7 ! works ( ! ,p>isian goldsmi?s1 !y 7 outdone by ! grotesque designs ( ! ,g]man artific]s4 ,!y inv5t$ dr9k+-cups ( ! /range/ =m1 ! :ole animal k+dom1 fabul\s & real1 birds1 & sea-mon/]s1 7 con/ruct$ to hold liquids4 ,a table laid out ) an abundance ( ?is /rangely-design$ plate1 mu/ h _h a ludicr\s effect4 ,_m ( _! works1 ?\gh co/ly 9 "*1 ref9$ 9 execution1 & ?or\ghly arti/ic 9 detail1 are absolute c>icatures4 ,!re is "o 9 ,"l ,londesbor\gh's collection1 & ano!r 9 t ( ,b>on ,ro?s*ild1 made 9 ! =m ( a bagpipe2 ! bag holds w9e1 & is support$ on human feet2 arms em]ge f ! sides & play on ! *ant]1 :i* is elongat$ f ! nose ( a grotesque face1 ! hair a mass ( foliage4 ,doz5s ( simil> examples might be cit$1 ( ! mo/ extraord9>y inv5tion1 :i* ! metal-work]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury p>ticul>ly gave _! imag9ations lic5ce to con/ruct4 ,inde$1 ! ,g]man arti/s ( t p]iod seem to h _h a spice ( lunacy 9 _! compositions1 & ! works ( ,breughel 7 rivall$ & outdone by _m o!rs ^: fancies 7 ( mo/ une>?ly type4 ,salvator ,rosa 9 ,italy1 & ,callot 9 ,france1 occasionally depict$ :at _! grotesque & my/ic imag9+s sugge/$1 & ,t5i]s gave ! _w wit*-pictures2 b = ! wild & wondr\s1 ,g]many has always c>ri$ ! palm f ! re/ ( ! _w 9 art z 9 lit]ature4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ga4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gb4 ,we engrave a f9e example ( a vase h&le 7,fig4 #ga71 app>5tly ! "w ( an ,italian goldsmi? at ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! bold fre$om ( ! design is utilis$ "h by ! upheav$ figure grasp$ by ! mon/]1 & :i* gives hold & /r5g? to ! h&le2 ! fl[+ "* ?r\gh\t ! composition accords well ) ! g5]al curve ( ! vase to :i* x is affix$4 ,!re is a prevail+ elegance 9 ! ,italian grotesque design :i* is n se5 9 t ( o!r nations4 ,! knife h&le by ,francisco ,salviati1 :i* we h also select$ = engrav+ 7,fig4 #gb71 is a fav\rable example ( ?is feel+2 no?+ c be m outr ?an ! figure ( ! mon/] :i* cr[ns ! design2 yet = ! purpose ( utility1 z a firm hold to ! h&le1 x is unobjectionable2 :ile ! graceful convolutions ( ! neck1 & ! fl[ ( l9e 9 ! figure1 comb9$ ) ?is mon/]1 give a c]ta9 qua9t grace to ! design1 :i* is fur!r reliev$ by enri*$ foliage4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gc4 ,) "o specim5 ( ! lat] "w ( ! silv]smi?1 we take our leave ( grotesque design z appli$ to art-manufacture2 b t "w is z :imsical z any we h hi!rto se54 ,x is a pair ( silv] sug>-tongs 7,fig4 #gc71 evid5tly a "w ( ! conclusion ( ! sev5te5? or beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x is compos$ ( ! figure ( ,h>lequ91 :o upholds two coil$ s]p5ts1 =m+ h&les2 ! body moves on a c5tral pivot1 fa/5$ at ! girdle1 & ! "r arm & left leg move ) ! front1 z d ! o!rs ) ! back ( ! body1 :i* is =m$ by a d\ble plate ( silv]1 ! junctures be+ +5i\sly hidd5 by ! *equ]s ( ! dress4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gd4 ,we h already _h occasion to allude to ! adoption ( grotesque design 9 book illu/rations1 x is (t5 se5 9 manuscripts1 & ab\nds 9 e>ly pr9t$ works4 ,:5 wood engrav+ 0 ext5sively appli$ to ! enri*m5t ( ! books :i* issu$ 9 abundance f ! presses ( ,g]many & ,france1 ! head & tail-pieces ( *apt]s gave great scope to ! fancies ( ! arti/s ( ,frank=t & ,lyons4 ,! latt] city became rem>kable = ! production ( elegantly illu/rat$ volumes1 :i* h nev] be5 surpass$4 ,our conclud+ cuts repres5t "o ( ^! tail-pieces 7,fig4 #gd71 9 :i* a fanciful mask comb9es ) scroll-"w2 & a head-piece 7,fig4 #ge71 7"o half only be+ giv571 :]e ! grotesque elem5t p]vades ! entire composition to an unusual ext5t1 )\t an (f5sive feature4 ,yet x w\ld n be easy to br+ toge!r a great] v>iety ( het]og5e\s admixtures ?an x embraces4 ,fi%1 bea/s1 insects1 & foliage1 comb9e ) ! human =m to complete its ensemble4 ,! lea/ natural ( ! gr\p is ! floriat$ fi%1 ^: g5]al =m has evid5tly be5 bas$ on t ( ! dolph94 ,:5 ,hog>? ridicul$ ! ta/e = virtu1 :i* ! fa%ionable p ( 8 own era c>ri$ to a *ildi% ext5t1 & display$ its follies 9 8 picture ( 8,ta/e 9 high life10 & 9 ! furniture ( 8 sc5es ( ! 8,m>riage--la-mode10 he exhibit$ a some:at simil> absurdity 9 porcela9 ornam5t4 ,9 ! second sc5e ( ! 8,m>riage0 is an amus+ example ( false comb9ation1 9 :i* a fat ,*9ese is emb[]$ 9 foliage1 above :om floats 9 air a brace ( fi%1 :i* em]ge f ! leaves1 & seem to be div+ at ! light$ c&les4 ,hog>?'s /rong s5se ( ! ludicr\s 0 always p]t95tly display$ 9 su* good-hum\r$ satire4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ge4 ,! pott]y manufactur]s 7 always clev] at ! con/ruction ( grotesques4 ,we h not$ _! pa/ ability1 & our read]s may note _! pres5t tal5t 9 _m ,london %ops4 ,! ,fr5* fabricants furni% u ) ! mo/ rem>kable mod]n works1 & v _m ( ! small] articles = ! toilette1 or = *ildr5's use1 are design$ ) a /rong feel+ = ! grotesque4 ,little figures ( ,*9ese1 ri* 9 col\r1 twi/ ab\t 9 qua9t attitudes1 to d duty z tray-hold]s or mat*-boxes4 ,liz>ds make good pap]-weights1 & wide-m\!d frogs are conv]t$ into small jugs ) p]fect ease4 ,!re is evid5tly a peculi> *>m possess$ by ! grotesque1 :i* appeals to1 & is gladly accept$ by1 our volatile neighb\rs4 ,we are a%am$ to laugh at a *ild-l absurdity1 & take x to our he>ts ) ! ?or\gh delight :i* !y d n scruple to display4 ,9 ?is we m resemble ! ,g]mans1 &1 l !m1 we h a sombre elem5t ev5 9 our amusem5ts4 ,?is subject1 ?\gh ent]+ s l>gely into ! decorative designs ( all c\ntries & e age1 has nev] be5 treat$ ) any att5tion z a bran* ( f9e art4 ,x is by no means int5d$ "h to direct /udy to ! reproduction ( any?+ s false z ! grotesque2 b z x has exi/$1 & does /ill exi/1 its pres5ce _c be ignor$1 & w be recognis$ con/antly by all :o /udy art4 ,illu/ration ,,footnotes3 #di-99 8,hi/ory ( ,anci5t ,egyptians40 #ei-99 8,ars ,memor&i notabilis p] ,figuras ,evangeli/>um10 etc4 ,,facts ,,ab\t ,,f+]-,,r+s4 ,,facts ,,ab\t ,,f+]-,,r+s4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,antique ,,r+s4 ,ar*ology1 :i* 0 =m]ly consid]$ by ! majority ( p]sons to be a dull & un9t]e/+ /udy1 ab\nd+ ) dry details ( small g5]al int]e/1 :i*1 :5 n pomp\sly pret5ti\s1 71 9 ! o!r extreme1 ( trifl+ insignificance1 has1 by a bett] acqua9tance ) its true position z ! h&maid ( hi/ory1 become s popul> t mo/ ,engli% c\nties h societies especially devot$ to its di/rict claims1 & our l>ge cities h _! ar*ological in/itutes also4 ,?is is due to ! good s5se :i* has dive/$ ! /udy ( its dri] details1 or has _h ! tact to hide !m b5ea? agreeable in=mation4 ,x is n too mu* to ass]t t ar*ology 9 all its bran*es may be made pleasurable1 ab\nd+ z x does 9 curi\s & amus+ details1 sometimes humor\sly contra/+ ) our mod]n mann]s4 ,9 tak+ up "o ( ^! bran*es--! hi/ory ( f+]-r+s--we %all briefly %[ ! l>ge am\nt ( anecdote & curi\s collat]al in=mation x ab\nds 94 ,our illu/rations depict ! great v>iety ( design & ornam5tal detail embrac$ by s simple a ?+ z a hoop = ! f+]4 ,x w\ld be easy to multiply ! lit]>y & ! arti/ic bran* ( ?is subject until a volume ( no small bulk result$ f ! lab\r4 ,volumes h be5 devot$ to ! hi/ory ( r+s--,gorlu among ! old]1 & ,edw>ds1#gd-99 ( ,new ,york1 among ! mod]n au?ors4 ,! anci5ts _h _! ,dactylio!ca1 or collection ( r+s2 b !y 7 luxuri\s v>ieties ( r+s = we>4 ,! mod]n collections are hi/oric1 illu/rative ( pa/ ta/es & mann]s4 ,( ^! ! be/ h be5 =m$ by ! late ,"l ,londesbor\gh 7^: collection 0 rem>kable = its beauty & value71 & ,edmund ,wat]ton1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a41 :o /ill lives to possess ! be/ *ronological s]ies ( r+s ev] br\ght toge!r4 ,we h _h ! advantage ( ! fulle/ access to ea* collection4 ,x is 9 ! olde/ ( hi/ories1 ! books ( ,moses1 t we f9d ! e>lie/ records ( ! use ( ! f+]-r+4 ,x orig9ally appe>s to h be5 a signet1 us$ z we n[ use a writt5 autograph2 & x is n a little curi\s t ! un*ang$ habit ( ,ea/]n life r5d]s ! cu/om z common n[ z x 0 ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,:5 ,tam> desir$ "s c]ta9 tok5 by :i* %e %\ld aga9 recognise ,judah1 %e made h] fir/ reque/ = 8 signet1 & :5 ! "t ( recognition arriv$1 x 0 duly & und\bt+ly ackn[l$g$ by all4#gd- ,fig4 #gf exhibits ! usual =m assum$ by ^! signets4 ,x has a some:at clumsy movable h&le1 atta*$ to a cross-b> pass+ ?r\gh a cube1 engrav$ on ea* ( its facets ) symbolical devices4 ,sir ,john ,g>dn] ,wilk9son#ge-99 speaks ( x z "o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ valuable he has se51 conta9+ tw5ty p\nds' wor? ( gold4 8,x consi/$ ( a massive r+1 half an in* 9 its l>ge/ diamet]1 be>+ an oblong pl9?1 on :i* ! devices 7 engrav$1 "o in* long1 six-t5?s 9 its greate/ & f\r-t5?s 9 its smalle/ bread?4 ,on "o face 0 ! "n ( a k+1 ! successor ( ,amunoph ,,iii41 :o liv$ ab\t ,b4,c4 #adjj2 on ! o!r a lion1 ) ! leg5d #8"l ( /r5g?1' ref]r+ to ! mon>*3 on "o side a scorpion1 & on ! o!r a crocodile40 ,judah's signet 01 ( c\rse1 =m$ ( less valuable mat]ial1 & _h probably a s+le device only4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gg4 ,! light] k9d ( hoop$ signet1 z g5]ally worn at a some:at m rec5t era 9 ,egypt1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #gg4 ,! gold loop passes ?r\gh a small figure ( ! sacr$ beetle1 ! flat "u side be+ engrav$ ) ! device ( a crab4 ,x is cut 9 c>nelian1 & once =m$ "p ( ! collection ( ,egyptian antiquities ga!r$ by our consul at ,cairo--,h5ry ,salt1 ! fri5d ( ,burckh>dt & ,belzoni1 :o fir/ employ$ ! latt] 9 ,egyptian rese>*es1 & to :om our national museum owes _m ( its *ief ,egyptian treasures4 ,f a passage 9 ,j]emiah 7xxii4 #bd7 x appe>s to h be5 cu/om>y = ! ,jewi% nation to we> ! signet-r+ on ! "r h&4 ,! words ( ! ,"l are utt]$ aga9/ ,z$ekiah--8?\gh ,coniah1 ! son ( ,jehoiakim1 ,k+ ( ,judah1 7 ! signet on my "r h&1 yet w\ld ,i pluck !e !nce40 ,! transition f su* signets to ! solid f+]-r+ 0 natural & easy4 ,! biblical record treats !m z contemporane\s ev5 at t e>ly era4 ,?us ! /ory ( ,judah & ,tam> is imm$iately foll[$ by t ( ,joseph1 :5 we are told 8,ph>aoh took (f ! r+ f 8 h& & put x ^u ,joseph's h&10 :5 he inve/$ him ) au?ority z a rul] 9 ,egypt4 ,dr4 ,abbott1 ( ,cairo1 obta9$ a mo/ curi\s & valuable r+1 inscrib$ ) a royal "n4 ,x is n[ pres]v$1 ) 8 o!r ,egyptian antiquities1 at ,new ,york1 & is ?us describ$ 9 8 catalogue3--8,?is rem>kable piece ( antiquity is 9 ! highe/ /ate ( pres]vation1 & 0 f\nd at ,ghizeh1 9 a tomb ne> t excavation ( ,colonel ,vyse's call$ #8,campbell's ,tomb4' ,x is ( f9e gold1 & weighs ne>ly ?ree sov]eigns4 ,! /yle ( ! hi]oglyphics is 9 p]fect accordance ) ^? 9 ! tombs ab\t ! ,great ,pyramid2 & ! hi]oglyphics )9 ! oval make ! "n ( t ,ph>aoh 7,*eops7 ( :om ! pyramid 0 ! tomb40 ,fig4 #gh repres5ts ?is r+1 & beside x 7,fig4 #gi7 is plac$ ! hi]oglyphic inscription ^u ! face ( ! r+1 :i* is cut ) ! mo/ m9ute accuracy & beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ha4 ,r+s ( inf]ior metal1 be>+ royal names1 7 worn1 probably1 by (ficials ( ! k+'s h\sehold4 ,h5ry ,salt _h "o su* 9 8 collection1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds 9 ! rem>kable collection ( r+s =m$ by ! late ,"l ,londesbor\gh4 ,x is repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #hj1 & is entirely ( bronze4 ,! "n ( ,amunoph ,,iii4 is engrav$ on ! oval face ( ! r+1 exactly z x appe>s on ! tablet ( ,abydus 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,amunoph 7:o reign$1 accord+ to ,wilk9son1 ,b4,c4 #adjc-acfg7 is ! same mon>* kn[n to ! ,greeks z ,memnon2 & ! colossal 8head ( ,memnon10 plac$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ,mr4 ,salt1 has a simil> gr\p ( hi]oglyphics sculptur$ on its %\ld]4 ,!re 0 ano!r k9d ( (ficial r+1 :i* we c recognise f ! description ( ,pl9y1 & ( :i* we give an engrav+ 7,fig4 #ha7 f ! orig9al 9 ! au?or's possession4 ,x is ( bronze1 & has engrav$ ^u its face ! figure ( ! sc>abu2 su* r+s 7 worn by ! ,egyptian soldi]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hb4 ,! l[] classes1 :o c\ld n af=d r+s ( preci\s metals1 b1 l _! mod]n desc5dants1 covet$ ! adornm5t1 pur*as$ ^? made ( ivory or porcela94 ,9 ! latt] mat]ial !y ab\nd$1 & are f\nd 9 ,egyptian sepul*res 9 l>ge quantities2 !y are v neatly m\ld$1 & ! devices on _! faces1 :e!r depict+ gods1 emblems1 or hi]oglyphics1 are g5]ally well & cle>ly r5d]$4 ,?is fondness = load+ ! f+]s ) an abundance ( r+s is well display$ on ! cross$ h&s ( a figure ( a woman 7,fig4 #hb7 ^u a mummy case 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,"h ! ?umbs z well z ! f+]s are encircl$ by !m4 ,! left h& is mo/ load$2 ^u ! ?umb is a signet ) hi]oglyphics on its surface2 ?ree r+s on ! =ef+]2 two on ! second1 "o =m$ l a snail-%ell2 ! same numb] on ! next1 & "o on ! little f+]4 ,! "r h& c>ries only a ?umb-r+1 & two ^u ! ?ird f+]4 ,^! h&s are cut 9 wood1 & ! f+]s are p>tially brok54 ,wilk9son obs]ves--8,! left 0 consid]$ ! h& peculi>ly privileg$ to be> ^! ornam5ts2 & x is rem>kable t its ?ird f+] 0 decorat$ ) a great] numb] ?an any o!r1 & 0 consid]$ by !m1 z by u1 p> excell5ce1 ! r+-f+]2 ?\gh !re is no evid5ce ( its hav+ be5 s hon\r$ at ! m>riage c]emony40 ,h]odotus n>rates a curi\s antique leg5d he obta9$ 9 ,egypt1 conc]n+ ! r+ ( ,polycrates4 ,x is rem>kable z hav+ spread into ! leg5d>y hi/ory ( all c\ntries1 be+ /ill cr$it$ by ! commonality4 ,we %all h h]eaft] to note its exi/5ce z an old ,london tradition2 b ! v]sion ( ! ,greek hi/orian is briefly ?us3--,amasis1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 conceiv$ an extraord9>y fri5d%ip = ! ,greek1 ,polycrates1 &1 obs]v+ t ! latt] 0 att5d$ by unusual success 9 all 8 adv5tures1 reflect$ t su* unv>y+ felicity seldom la/$ ?r\gh life1 & ! end ( su* a c>e] 0 (t5 calamit\s4 ,he !re=e advis$ him to propitiate future =tune by seek+ "s object ^: loss w\ld produce mo/ regret1 & volunt>ily ca/+ x away f him :]e x c\ld nev] be recov]$4 ,polycrates atta*$ mo/ value to a signet-r+ he con/antly wore2 x 0 ( gold1 set ) an em]ald cut by ,!odorus ( ,samos1 a fam$ engrav] ( gems4 ,he w5t out 9 a galley f> on to ! op5 sea1 & !n ca/ 8 preci\s r+ into its wat]s1 return+ 9 an excess ( grief4 ,"s six days aft]w>ds a fi%]man came to 8 gate1 be>+ a fi% s f9e & l>ge he deem$ x to be only fitt$ = ! table ( ,polycrates4 ,! ,k+ ( ,samos accept$ ! gift1 ! fi% 0 s5t to ! royal kit*51 & on op5+ x a valuable r+ 0 f\nd 9 its /oma*4 ,x 0 at once tak5 to ,polycrates1 :o imm$iately recognis$ 8 ab&on$ treasure1 :i* he n[ valu$ ! m z x seem$ to be return$ by div9e int]position4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hd4 ,9 ! comp>atively mod]n era ( ,roman rule 9 ,egypt1 r+s ( m fanciful con/ruction 7 occasionally worn4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a rem>kable "o 7,fig4 #hc71 hav+ ! convolutions ( a s]p5t1 ! head ( ,s]apis at "o extremity & ( ,isis at ! o!r2 by ?is arrangem5t "o or o!r ( !m w\ld always be correctly posit$2 x has also ! fur!r advantage ( be+ flexible1 ow+ to ! great sweep ( its curve4 ,! anci5t ,assyrians1 ?\gh rem>kable = t love ( jewell]y :i* has ev] be5 ! *>act]i/ic ( ! ,ea/]n nations1 appe> to h worn no f+]-r+s4 ,yet _m ( _! bracelets are admirably design$ = ! purpose if produc$ on a limit$ scale2 & !y 7 worn by m5 z well z by wom54 ,bonomi1 9 8 8,hi/ory ( ,n9eveh & its ,palaces10 obs]ves1 8t n a s+le case occurs1 amid/ all ?is display ( p]sonal jewell]y1 ( a f+]-r+2 ! entire abs5ce ( ?is ornam5t 9 sculpture1 :]e9 details ( ?is nature are s elaborately & c>efully att5d$ to1 leads to ! conclusion t ! f+]-r+ 0 an ornam5t !n unkn[n40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #he4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hf4 ,among ! e>lie/ traces ( we/]n civilisation ! f+]-r+ appe>s4 ,fig4 #hd is an ,etruscan r+ ( gold1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 ^u ! face are *im] oppos+ ea* o!r4 ,! /yle & treatm5t ( ?is subject p>take l>gely ( ! anci5t "* ( ,ea/]n art1 &1 l t1 is v decisive & conv5tional4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans lit]ally revell$ 9 r+s ( all /yles & sizes4 ,no?+ c be m beautiful 9 design & exquisite 9 f9i% ?an ,greek jewell]y1 & ! cu/om ( decorat+ _! dead ) ! mo/ valu$ ( ^! ornam5ts has furni%$ mod]n museums ) an abundance ( f9e specim5s4 ,figs4 #he & #hf are copi$ f orig9als f\nd 9 ! m mod]n ,etruscan sepul*res1 & are probably contempor>y ) ! e>lie/ days ( ! ,roman empire4 ,fig4 #he is admirably adapt$ to ! f+]2 be+ made ( ! pure/ gold1 x is naturally slightly ela/ic2 b ! hoop is n p]fect$1 ea* extremity end+ 9 a broad leaf-%ap$ ornam5t1 mo/ delicately b&$ ) ?reads ( bead$ & twi/$ wire1 act+ z a brace ^u ! f+]4 ,fig4 #hf is equally m]itori\s2 ! solid half-r+ is complet$ by a small gold5 *a9 atta*$ to x by a loop pass+ ov] /uds2 ! l9ks ( ?is *a9 are p]fectly flexible1 & ( extreme delicacy2 !y resemble ! mod]n gu>d-*a91 or to speak m prop]ly1 ! mod]n *a9 imitates ! anci5t "o2 & we %all meet 9 ! c\rse ( our rese>*es ) v _m o!r in/ances ( ! (t-repeat$ fact1 t 8!re is no?+ new "u ! sun40 ,?is r+ mania 0 n cont5t ) consid]+ ! r+ z an ornam5t1 or ev5 z a talisman2 a new sci5ce 0 reveal$1 ! ,dactyliomancia1 s nam$ f two ,greek words1 signify+ r+ & div9ation4 ,! p]=mance ( its my/]ies 0 9 itself s simple1 t x 0 deem$ exp$i5t to add c]ta9 =mul1 9 ord] to make !m m expressive4 ,a r+ 0 held1 susp5d$ by a f9e ?read1 ov] a r\nd table1 on ! edge ( :i* 7 plac$ c\nt]s engrav$ ) ! lett]s ( ! alphabet4 ,! ?read 0 %ak5 until ! r+1 t\*+ ! lett]s1 _h unit$ z _m z =m$ an answ] to a "q previ\sly put4 ,?is op]ation 0 prec$$ & accompani$ by c]ta9 c]emonies4 ,! r+ 0 consecrat$ ) div]s my/]i\s =ms4 ,! p]son :o held x 0 array$ 9 l95 only2 a circle 0 %av$ r\nd 8 head1 & 9 8 h& he held a bran* ( v]va94 ,be=e comm5c+ ! gods 7 appeas$ by pray]4#hb-99 ,?is practice long prevail$1 & is m5tion$ by ,gibbon z hav+ giv5 rise to ! p]secutions = ! crime ( magic1 9 ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,val5s1 at ,antio*4#hc-99 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hh4 ,! simple/ & mo/ useful =m ( r+1 & t1 by consequ5ce1 adopt$ by ! p ( all e>ly nations1 0 ! pla9 ela/ic hoop1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #hg4 ,*eap 9 con/ruction & conv5i5t 9 we>1 x may be safely said to h be5 g5]ally patronis$ f ! mo/ anci5t to ! mo/ mod]n times4 ,fig4 #hh gives u ! old =m ( a r+ made 9 ! %ape ( a coil$ s]p5t1 equally anci5t1 equally f>-spread 9 ! old _w1 & :i* has _h a v l>ge sale among ourselves reviv$ z a 8decid$ novelty40 ,9 fact x has be5 ! mo/ successful design our r+-mak]s h produc$ ( late ye>s4 ,yet ?is antique r+ may add ano!r 8new idea0 to ! mod]n design]4 ,x is 8made on ! pr9ciple ( "s ( our /eel r+s :i* we use to hold h\sehold keys1 wid5+ _! circle by pressure4 ,9 ?is f+]-r+ ! "p 9 ! m\? is ins]t$ loose1 s z to draw out & increase to ! size ( ! circle ne$$40#hc- ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ij4 ,?\gh a great v>iety ( =m & detail 0 adopt$ by ,greek & ,roman goldsmi?s = ! r+s !y s l>gely manufactur$1 ! mo/ g5]al & la/+ resembl$ ,fig4 #hi1 a ,roman r+1 probably ( ! "t ( ,hadrian1 :i* is said to h be5 f\nd 9 ! ,roman camp at ,sil*e/]1 ,b]k%ire4 ,! gold ( ! r+ is massive at ! face1 mak+ a /rong sett+ = ! c>nelian1 :i* is engrav$ ) ! figure ( a female be>+ corn & fruit4 ,by f> ! great] majority ( ,roman r+s exhum$ at home & abroad are ( ?is fa%ion1 :i* recomm5ds itself by a dignifi$ simplicity1 tell+1 by quantity & quality ( metal & /one1 its true value1 )\t any obtrusive aid4 ,sometimes a s+le r+ 0 con/ruct$ to appe> l a gr\p ( two or ?ree ^u ! f+]4 ,mr4 ,edw>ds has furni%$ u ) ! example1 ,fig4 #ij4 8,x has ! appe>ance ( ?ree r+s unit$1 wid5$ 9 ! front & tap]+ )9 ! h&4 ,^u ! wide "p ( ea* are two lett]s1 ! :ole =m+ ,,zhcaic1 #8,maye/ ?\ live4' ,! ,romans (t5 pref]r$ ! ,greek language 9 _! mo/ famili> cu/oms40 ,among ! beautiful objects ( antique art collect$ by ,b4 ,h]tz1 ,esq41 & sold by auction 9 #ahei1 by ,messrs4 ,so!by & ,wilk9son1 7 _m antique r+s inscrib$ ) s5t5ces & mottoes ( a rem>kable k9d4 ,^? be>+ ,greek inscriptions 7 ! wordie/2 su* z--8,i love n le/ ,i g a/ray2 b ,i obs]ve well1 & ,i laugh40--8,!y say :at !y w2 let !m say1 ,i c>e n40 ,_m 7 evid5tly memorials ( fri5d%ip2 "o repres5t$ a h& pull+ ! lobe ( an e>1 ) ! ^w 8,rememb]20 ano!r1 ) a simil> device1 ) ! motto 8,rem9d me ( ! noble "*40 ,o!rs 7 inscrib$--,,eytyxi--8,good luck to y10 & 8,i br+ luck to him :o we>s ?is r+40 ,among ! ,lat9 inscriptions 7 simple good wi%es express$ 9 ! words 8,vivas0 & 8,b5e20 or s5tim5ts express$ 9 few words1 su* z--8,love me1 ,i w love !e20 8,come1 ,i w n20 8,be greet$1 ,fabiana40 ,_m 7 simply inscrib$ ) ! names ( ! p]sons to :om !y 7 pres5t$1 su* z ,,vlp4 ,,priscell 78,ulpia ,priscilla072 o!rs ) ! names ( ! own]s1 z ,val]ia ,cleopatra & ,h]madion ,cs>is4 ,a massive silv] r+ inscrib$ ) ! "n 8,sabb9a0 is engrav$ 7,fig4 #ia7 f ! orig9al 9 ! ,londesbor\gh collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ib4 ,we place beside x a r+ ) a v diff]5t device1 b "o t _c fail to be look$ on ) s+ul> int]e/4 ,x is m>k$ ) ! ,lab>um1 ! olde/ sacr$ monogram ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* ,con/ant9e believ$ he saw 9 a vision1 & plac$ ^u 8 victori\s /&>d & 8 co9s1 ) ! motto--8,9 hoc signo v9ces60 ,?is r+ came f ! ,roman sepul*re ( an e>ly ,*ri/ian1 & ! h& = :i* x 0 orig9ally fa%ion$ may h aid$ 9 ! conqu]+ w> ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian emp]or2 or may h be5 convuls$ 9 an agonis+ dea?1 8?r[n to ! bea/s0 ( ! circus1 b repos+ aft] dea? ) ! fir/ m>tyrs to ! fai?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ic4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria sugge/s to ! ,*ri/ians ( 8 era1 t !y %\ld h engrav$ devices ( symbolic mean+ allusive to _! fai?1 9 place ( ! hea!n deities & o!r subjects cut by ,roman lapid>ies2 su* z a dove1 :i* symbolises life et]nal & ! ,holy ,_s2 a palm-bran*1 peace2 an an*or1 hope2 a %ip 9 full sail1 ! *ur*2 & o!rs ( simil> import4 ,gorius has pres]v$ a repres5tation ( a gold r+ 7,fig4 #ic7 :i* he believes to h be5 pres5t$ by a ,roman lady to ! victori\s *>iote] 9 ! horse-races2 x is ( peculi> =m1 b "o t 0 a fav\rite ) ,roman we>]s4 ,! bu/ ( ! donor appe>s on ! summit ( ! r+1 & on ea* side are ! heads ( re9$ horses1 z %[n 9 our cut4 ,h] "n is engrav$ on ! l[] "p ( ! hoop1 & on ea* side ,,amorospis4 ,! latt] prop]ly be+ ,,hospes1 hav+ ! aspirate omitt$ & an ,i = an ,e1 induces ,gorius to consid] x a late "w ( ! ,roman era4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #id4 ,we h already spok5 ( ! r+-h& & ! r+-f+]1 b h n not$ ! orig9 ( ! cu/om ( plac+ ! w$d+ r+ on t f+]4 ,x result$ f an inaccurate belief t a n]ve w5t f !nce to ! he>t4 ,t ! anci5ts 7 indiscrim9ate 9 ! use ( _! f+]s z recipi5ts = r+s we h already %[n2 ,mr4 ,wat]ton has plac$ 9 8 curi\s ,dactylio!ca ! =ef+] f a bronze /atue ( late ,roman workman%ip1 we>+ a l>ge r+ ^u ! second jo9t4 ,9 ,g]many x is /ill cu/om>y to we> ! r+ 9 ?is fa%ion1 a cu/om !y evid5tly borr[$ f _! ,roman subjugators1 & h reta9$ ?r\gh e c5tury ( *ange s9ce !n4 ,z ! luxury ( ,rome increas$1 ! we>+ ( r+s increas$ also1 & ! emp]ors relax$ ! law ( re/ra9t4 ,?us ,tib]ias1 9 ,a4,d4 #bb1 gave p]mission = gold r+s to be worn by all p]sons ^: fa!rs & gr&fa!rs possess$ prop]ty to ! value ( #bjj1jjj se/]ci4 ,! ,emp]ors ,sev]us & ,aurelian ultimately gave ! "r ( we>+ gold r+s to all soldi]s ( ! empire2 & ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian at l5g? gave a simil> "r to all :o _h legal claims to ,roman citiz5%ip4 ,di/9ction once brok5 ?r\gh1 & weal? increas+1 r+-we>+ became g5]al4 ,s5eca1 describ+ ! luxury & o/5tation ( 8 "t1 says1 8,we adorn our f+]s ) r+s1 & a jewel is display$ on e jo9t40 ,! ridicul\s excess to :i* ! cu/om 0 c>ri$ may be und]/ood f ,m>tial's description ( ,*>9us1 :o wore z _m z sixty r+s on 8 h&s at "o "t1 & s fond 0 he ( 8 jewell]y t he kept !m ^u 8 f+]s :5 9 b$4 ,!y 7 decorat$ ) a va/ v>iety ( subjects1 orig9ally cut 9 ! metal ( :i* ! r+ 0 made1 :e!r gold1 silv]1 or brass2 ultimately ! devices 7 cut ^u /ones & gems1 occasionally repres5t+ ! tutel> deity ( ! we>]4 ,?us ,julius ,cs> wore "o ) ,v5us ,victrix ^u x1 & 8 p>tisans did ! same4 ,pompey's r+ 0 engrav$ ) ?ree trophies1 indicat+ 8 victories 9 ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,africa4 ,_m us$ m]ely fanciful or emblematic devices2 ?us ,mc5as _h a frog ^u 8 r+4 ,o!rs wore ! portraits ( _! ance/ors or fri5ds4 ,publius ,l5tulus _h t ( 8 gr&fa!r4 ,cornelius ,scipio ,africanus1 y\ng] son ( ! great ,africanus1 wore ! portrait ( 8 fa!r2 b1 z he 0 a deg5]ate son ( an illu/ri\s sire1 ! p gave expression to _! disgu/ at 8 conduct by depriv+ him ( 8 r+1 say+ he 0 unwor?y to we> ! portrait ( s great a man4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ie4 ,?is r+-we>+ became "o ( ! tr\bles ( ! weal?y1 & z ! ,syb>ite compla9$ ( ! fold$ rose-leaf inconv5i5c+ 8 b$1 ! ri* ,roman 0 fatigu$ ) 8 r+s4 ,h5ce came ! cu/om ( we>+ light or heavy r+s1 or z !y t]m$ !m1 summ] or w9t] r+s1 accord+ to ! season4 ,t !re really 0 "s reason 9 ! compla9t1 w be grant$ by ! read] :o looks on ,fig4 #ie1 copi$ f ,montfaucon4#hi-99 ,x is a ?umb-r+ ( unusual magnitude1 & ( co/ly mat]ial2 x has ^u x a bu/ 9 high relief ( ! ,empress ,plot9a1 ! consort ( ,trajan2 %e we>s ! imp]ial diadem1 :i* is "h compos$ ( preci\s /ones cut into facets4 ,?is bu/ w\ld ( c\rse come outside ! h&1 ! n>r[] "p ( ! wrea!d r+ pass+ betwe5 ! ?umb & fir/ f+]4 ,! gorge\s inconv5i5ce ( ! :ole ?+ is at once app>5t4 ,x probably decorat$ ! h& ( "s memb] ( ! imp]ial family4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #if4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ig4 ,! enorm\s sums exp5d$ by ! weal?y on r+s may be be/ und]/ood by an allusion to ! record$ value ( two belong+ to empresses ( ,rome4 ,?us1 ! r+ ( ,fau/9a1 we are told1 co/ #dj1jjj1 & t ( ,domitia #fj1jjj1 reckon+ ! ,roman se/]tia at its mod]n value4 ,sometimes ! decoration ( a r+ 0 n conf9$ to a s+le gem1 ?\gh su* r+s 7 comp>atively r>e4 ,val]ian speaks ( ! annulus bigemmis1 & ,gorleus furni%es u ) ! specim5 engrav$ 9 ,fig4 #if2 ! l>g] gem has cut ^u x a figure ( ,m>s1 hold+ spe> & helmet1 b we>+ only ! *lamys2 ! small] gem is incis$ ) a dove & myrtle bran*4 ,beside x are plac$ two examples ( ! emblematic devices & inscriptions adopt$ = classic r+s1 :5 us$ z memorial gifts4 ,! fir/ is inscrib$1 8,y h a love pl$ge20 ! second1 8,prot]os 7to7 ,ugi10 betwe5 conjo9$ h&s--a type ( concord /ill famili> to u4 ,?\gh ! anci5ts seem sc>cely to h ?\ght ( decorat+ ! circlet ( ! r+1 !y occasionally v>i$ its =m1 produc+ novelty at ! exp5se ( conv5i5ce4 ,fig4 #ih is a :imsical example2 x may1 h[ev]1 h be5 pr9cipally us$ z a signet4 ,! same may be said ( ,fig4 #ii1 :i* has a v broad face1 set ) an incis$ /one be>+ a figure ( ,hygeia4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ih4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ii4 ,! anci5ts tell u ( *>m$ r+s2 su* 0 ! r+ ( ,gyges1 :i* 0 report$ to h r5d]$ him invisible :5 he turn$ ! /one inw>dly1 & clos$ x 9 8 palm4 ,execetus1 tyrant ( ! ,phocians1 c>ri$ two r+s1 :i* he 0 accu/om$ to /rike toge!r1 to div9e by ! s\nd emitt$ :at he _h to d1 or :at 0 to happ5 to him4 ,! mo/ curi\s adaptation ( ! f+]-r+ to a d\ble use 0 made by ! ,romans4 ,x 0 a comb9ation ( a r+ & a key1 z repres5t$ 9 ,figs4 #ajj & #aja1 f orig9als engrav$ by ,montfaucon 9 8 great "w on ,roman antiquities4 ,he has publi%$ _m v>ieties1 = !y are v commonly discov]$ 9 all places :]e ! ,romans locat$ !mselves4 ,_m h be5 f\nd 9 ,london1 ,york1 ,l9coln1 & o!r old cities1 z well z 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,roman camps4 ,! use ( ^! r+s is app>5t3 !y op5$ ! small cab9ets or boxes 9 :i* ! mo/ preci\s articles 7 pres]v$1 & !y 7 less likely to be lo/1 mislaid1 or improp]ly us$ by o!rs1 :5 ?us worn night & day on ! f+]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aja4 ,x is record$ ( ! poison+ ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4 7,borgia71 t he caus$ a some:at simil> key to be us$ 9 op5+ a cab9et2 b ! ,pope's key 0 poison$ 9 ! h&le1 & provid$ ) a small %>p p91 :i* gave a slight puncture suffici5t to all[ ! poison to pass bel[ ! sk94 ,:5 ! ,holy ,fa!r wi%$ to rid himself ( an objectionable fri5d1 he w\ld reque/ him to unlock 8 cab9et2 z ! lock turn$ r /iffly1 a little pressure 0 necess>y on ! key-h&le1 suffici5t to give ! trifl+ w\nd t ultimately prov$ mortal4 ,poison$ r+s 7 kn[n to ! anci5ts2 :5 ,hannibal1 ! ,c>?ag9ian g5]al1 0 ov]come by ,scipio ,africanus1 x is record$ t he fl$ to ,bi?ynia1 & end$ 8 life by poison1 :i* = t purpose he _h res]v$ 9 a r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajc4 ,r+s =m$ ( bone1 amb]1 & glass1 7 provid$ = ! poor] classes1 z 0 ! case 9 anci5t ,egypt4 ,!y 7 also us$ z mortu>y r+s1 & are f\nd on ! h&s ( ! dead 9 ,italian sepul*res4 ,! ,wat]ton collection supplies u ) two specim5s4 ,fig4 #ajb is ( amb]1 cut to appe> z if set ) a /one4 ,fig4 #ajc is ( glass1 also made z if set ) a jewel4 ,! body ( ?is r+ is d>k br[n ) b&s ( :ite cross+ x2 ! jewel is yell[4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aje4 ,9 ! lat] days ( ! ,roman empire ! simplicity & purity 9 decorative design t ! ,romans obta9$ f ! ,greeks1 gave way to ! o/5tati\s love ( gaudy decoration taught at ,byzantium4 ,jewell]y became complicat$ 9 design2 enri*m5t 0 consid]$ be=e elegance4 ,! old simple =m ( f+]-r+ v>i$ mu*4 ,fig4 #ajd is giv5 by ,montfaucon4 ,fig4 #aje is 9 ! ,londesbor\gh collection1 & 0 f\nd ^u ! h& ( a lady's skeleton1 buri$ ) h] *ild 9 a s>cophagus discov]$ 9 #ahdf1 9 a field ne> ,ami5s1 call$ 8,le ,camp de ,cs>20 on two ( h] f+]s 7 r+s1 "o ( :i* 0 set ) t5 r\nd pe>ls1 ! o!r 7"h engrav$7 is ( gold1 9 :i* is set a r$ c>nelian1 engrav$ ) a rude repres5tation ( ,jupit] rid+ on ! goat ,amal!a4 ,! *ild also wore a r+ ) an engrav$ /one4 ,! :ole ( ! decorations = ! p]son f\nd 9 ?is tomb proclaim !mselves late ,roman "w1 probably ( ! "t ( ,diocletian4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajg4 ,9 #ahda a curi\s discov]y 0 made at ,lyons ( ! jewel case ( a ,roman lady1 conta9+ a complete tr\sseau1 includ+ ! r+s "h engrav$4 ,fig4 #ajf is ( gold2 ! hoop is slightly ovul>1 & curves upw>d to a d\ble leaf1 support+ ?ree cup-%ap$ sett+s1 "o /ill reta9+ its /one1 an ,african em]ald4 ,fig4 #ajg is also rem>kable = its g5]al =m1 & /ill m s = its inscription1 ,,v5]i ,,et ,,tvtele ,,votvm1 expla9$ by ,m4 ,com>mond z a d$ication to ,v5us & ! local ,tutela1 ! gu>dian ( ! navigators ( ! ,rh9e2 h5ce he inf]s ^! jewels to h belong$ to ! wife ( "o ( ^! ri* trad]s 9 ! reign ( ,sev]us4 ,c>ry+ back our rese>*es to ! pre-hi/oric era ( our own isl&1 & se>*+ 9 ! tumuli ( ! e>ly ,briti% *iefta9 & 8 family1 we %all discov] ! utmo/ simplicity ( adornm5t2 n probably ! result ( indiff]5ce to p]sonal decoration1 b simply to ! rud5ess ( 8 position4 ,! wild ,gaelic hunt]1 locat$ 9 ! gloomy fa/nesses ( wood & morass1 _h little or no communication ) ! s\!rn sea-m>g9 ( our isle3 & :5 we f9d ! s\? ,cymry ( ,brita9 mu* advanc$ 9 civilisation1 ow+ to connection ) ,belgic ,gaul1 & ,phnician coloni/s ( ,spa91 & ! ,greek coloni/s ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 we f9d ! tribes inhabit+ ! midl& & nor!rn c\nties /ill b>b>ic1 & little advanc$ 9 ! arts t make life pleasant4 ,su* decoration z !y adopt$ seems to h orig9at$ 9 ! basket-weav+1 = :i* ! ,briti% ,isl&s 7 fam\s ev5 at ,rome1 :]e noble dames covet$ ^! works f ! f>-(f & my/]i\s ,cassit]id4 ,plait$ or int]lac$-"w1 resembl+ ! convolutions ( wick] & ru%1 0 imitat$ 9 ?reads ( metal2 ?us circlets = ! neck1 bracelets = ! arms1 or r+s = ! f+]s1 7 b twi/$ /r&s ( gold4 ,! simple/ =m ( f+]-r+ worn by ^! ,gaelic ance/ors consi/$ ( a b& ( metal1 m]ely twi/$ r\nd to embrace ! f+]1 & op5 at ei!r end4 ,fig4 #ajh %[s "o ( ^! r+s1 f\nd 9 excavat+ at ,h>nham ,hill1 ne> ,salisbury1 a locality celebrat$ f ! v e>lie/ record$ "t z ! true c5tre ( anci5t ,brita94 ,?is r+ 0 f\nd on ! middle f+] ( ! "r h& ( a p]son ( advanc$ age4 ,sometimes sev]al r+s 7 f\nd on "o h&4 8,among ! bones ( ! f+]s ( ! left h& ( an adult skeleton 0 f\nd a silv] r+ ( solid =m1 ano!r ( spiral =m1 & a pla9 gold r+40#if-99 ,mr4 ,ak]man1 :o sup]9t5d$ ^! rese>*es1 says1 8,simil> r+s h be5 f\nd at ,little ,wilbraham1 at ,l9ton ,hea?1 at ,fair=d1 & o!r localities4 ,!y are = ! mo/ "p ( an uni=m con/ruction1 be+ s contriv$ t !y c\ld be exp&$ or contract$1 & adapt$ to ! size ( ! f+] ( ! we>]40#if- ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aji4 ,! prevail+ =m ( ! old ,celtic f+]-r+ is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aji4 ,x is =m$ ( ?ick twi/$ wires ( pure gold4 ,?is fa%ion seems to h be5 9 mo/ fav\r ) all ! e>ly ,celtic tribes1 su* r+s be+ f\nd 9 ! grave-m\nds ( ,gaul1 ,g]many1 ,belgium1 ,d5m>k1 ,irel&1 & ,scotl&4 ,a discov]y ( _m simil> r+s 0 made 9 "o ( ! ,we/]n ,isl&s ( ,scotl&2 !y 7 =m$ ( f ?ree to eight wires ea*1 elaborately & beautifully enwrea!d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaa4 ,! s\? ,saxons reta9$ to ! la/ ! simple =m ( wire-r+1 :i* orig9at$1 z we h already %[n1 ) ! mo/ anci5t p4 ,its comp>ative *eapness & ease ( con/ruction 7 no d\bt its great recomm5dations4 ,simil> r+s are /ill made = ! poor] classes 9 ! ,ea/3 ! au?or has se5 su* worn 9 mod]n ,egypt4 ,specim5s h be5 obta9$ 9 ,anglo-,saxon grave-m\nds 9 ,engl&1 & o!rs1 id5tical 9 =m1 9 ! old ,saxon cemet]ies ( ,g]many4#ig-99 ,fig4 #aaj repres5ts "o ( ! pla9e/ ( ^! wire-r+s2 x 0 exhum$ f a tumulus on ,*>?am ,d[ns1 a few miles f ,cant]bury1 ,k5t1 9 #aggc1 by ! ,rev4 ,bryan ,faussett1 :o says1 8! bones 7 ^? ( a v "y p]son40 ,^u ! neck 0 a cross ( silv]1 a few col\r$ e>!n beads1 & 8two silv] r+s ) slid+ knots40 ,! indu/ry ( ! same collector furni%es u ) ,fig4 #aaa1 a specim5 ( a wire-r+ s twi/$ z to resemble a seal r+1 or "o set ) a /one3 ! wire r\nd ! f+] has be5 beat5 out flat4 ,x 0 discov]$ 9 ! ext5sive ,saxon cemet]y on ,k+/on ,d[ns1 ne> ,cant]bury1 on ! ,dov] ,road4 ,! tumulus 0 evid5tly ! la/ re/+-place ( a p]son ( small weal?1 z ?is copp] r+ & two small beads only 7 f\nd 9 x2 & x 0 cu/om>y to bury ! ornam5ts ( ! deceas$1 h[ev] valuable1 ) !m4#ih-99 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aab4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aac4 ,irel& seems to h boa/$ a high] civilisation at an e>li] p]iod ?an ! si/] k+doms1 & h] anci5t art-works are rem>kable = _! skill$ & ta/eful elaboration4 ,gold1 too1 appe>s to h be5 us$ m commonly !re1 & ! museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy c %[ a m wond]ful collection ( p]sonal ornam5ts 9 t preci\s metal1 z once worn by ! native nobles1 ?an is to be se5 9 ! national museums ( any o!r c\ntry1 ) ! exception ( ,d5m>k4 ,! gold is ( ! pure/ k9d & ri*e/ col\r1 & ! mann] ( its work+ c\ld n be excell$ by a mod]n goldsmi?4 ,! ,londesbor\gh collection includes two rem>kable r+s 7,figs4 #aab & #aac71 :i* 7 f\nd ) o!r gold ornam5ts ne> ! v rem>kable tumulus kn[n z 8,new ,grange10 a few miles f ,drogh$a4 ,!y 7 accid5tally discov]$ 9 #ahdb by a lab\r+ man1 )9 a few y>ds ( ! entrance to ! tumulus1 at ! dep? ( two feet f ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 & )\t any cov]+ or protection f ! e>? ab\t !m4 ,two bracelets ( ?ick twi/$ gold1 & a *a91 also ( gold1 7 f\nd ) !m4 ,ano!r lab\r+ man1 he>+ ( ?is discov]y1 c>efully se>*$ ! spot :5ce !y 7 tak51 & f\nd a d5>ius ( ,geta1 :i* may aid u 9 arriv+ at "s conclusion z to ! age ( ^! curi\s works4 ,! /one set 9 bo? r+s is a cut agate4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,m$i,,val ,,r+s4 ,! r+s worn by ! high] class ( our ,anglo-,saxon ance/ors dur+ ! ,hept>*y 7 (t5 v beautiful1 & ( impos+ =m4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ we h se5 belong$ to ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,b4 ,hut*+s1 ( ,apple%aw1 ,hants1#ajj-99 & 0 f\nd 9 a mead[ at ,bos+ton1 ne> ,/ockbridge1 9 ! same c\nty1 by a lab\r] :o saw x among a heap ( peat4 ,we give a side & front view ( ?is int]e/+ relic2 ! :ole is ( gold1 & is ( consid]able weight & ?ickness2 ! gold ?reads are all beautifully re$$1 & ! lett]+ & head execut$ ) great c>e4 ,! inscription reads--,,nom5 ,,ehlla ,,fid ,,9 ,,xpo1 equival5t to its own] say+1 8,my "n is ,ella1 my fai? is 9 ,*ri/40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aad4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aae4 ,! beautiful & rem>kable collection ( r+s =m$ by ,edmund ,wat]ton1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a41 to :i* allusion has already be5 made1 includes a r+ ( ,s\? ,saxon workman%ip1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 ! ,?ames at ,*elsea 9 #ahef4 ,! face ( ?is r+ 7,fig4 #aaf7 is an elongat$ oval1 ) a circul> c5tre4 ,)9 ?is circle is ! conv5tional figure ( a dragon1 surr\nd$ by convolut$ ornam5t1 rem9d+ u =cibly ( ! prevail+ enri*m5ts s lavi%ly be/[$ on old ,runic monum5ts1 at home & abroad4 ,f\r qua9tly-=m$ heads ( dragons occupy ! triangul> spaces1 above & bel[ ?is c5tre4 ,?is r+ is ( silv]4 ,! gr\nd betwe5 ! ornam5t has be5 cut d[n1 probably = ! ins]tion ( niello or enamel col\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aag4 ,fig4 #aag is an hi/oric relic ( s+ul> int]e/1 & a rem>kable "w ( e>ly art4 ,x is ! r+ ( ,e!lwulf1 ,k+ ( ,wessex 7! fa!r ( ,alfr$ ! ,great71 :o reign$ ,a4,d4 #hcf-hch1 & be>s ! royal "n ^u x4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ! p>i% ( ,lav]/ock1 ,hants1 9 a c>t-rut1 :]e x _h become mu* cru%$ & defac$4 ,! =m is rem>kable1 ! front ris+ pyramidally4 ,two birds ( conv5tional =m face ea* o!r1 a fl[] ornam5t divid+ !m2 ^! decorations1 l ^? on ,mr4 ,wat]ton's r+ j describ$1 are reliev$ by a gr\nd ( glossy blui%-black enamel1 cavities hav+ be5 cut betwe5 ! ornam5t = its infusion4 ,?is r+ is ( gold1 weigh+ #aa dwts4 #ad grs42 x is n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aah4 ,mr4 ,wat]ton is ! =tunate possessor ( a r+ second only 9 int]e/ & value to ?is royal relic4 ,x is ! r+ ( ,ahl/an1 ,bi%op ( ,%]borne1 ! fri5d & c\nsellor ( ,k+ ,e!lwulf1 :o fl\ri%$ ,a4,d4 #hag-hfg4 ,x 0 discov]$ 9 ,c>n>von%ire1 & has ! "n ( ! bi%op 9 divid$ lett]s di/ribut$ on ! circul> rosettes ( ! design2 !y are connect$ by loz5ge-%ap$ floriat$ ornam5ts1 hav+ dragons 9 _! c5tres4 ,our cut 7,fig4 #aah7 gives ! g5]al =m & detail ( ?is beautiful r+1 :i* is rem>kable = ! elegance ( its design4 ,x is ( gold1 l ! prec$+ r+2 bo? be+ admirable illu/rations ( ! *amp-lev process ( enamell+ z practis$ 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aai4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abj4 ,a rem>kable discov]y ( co9s & treasure 0 made 9 #ahdj by workm5 employ$ 9 digg+ at ,cu]dale1 ne> ,pre/on1 9 ,lanca%ire4 ,x consi/$ ( a l>ge mass ( silv]1 9 ! =m ( +ots or b>s ( v>i\s sizes1 a few armlets & r+s1 & portions ( o!r ornam5ts1 cut into pieces z if = remelt+4 ,) !m 7 pack$ ne>ly sev5 ?\s& co9s ( v>i\s descriptions1 consi/+ ( ,anglo-,saxon p5nies1 o!rs /ruck by ! second race ( ,fr5* k+s1 a few ,ori5tal co9s1 & o!rs :i* appe> to h be5 co9$ by "s ( ! piratical nor!rn *iefta9s4 ,?is treasure 0 m9utely exam9$ by ,e4 ,hawk9s1 ,f4,r4,s41 ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 & he came to ! conclusion t x _h be5 deposit$ ab\t ! ye> #iaj1 & t ! ornam5ts mu/ be consid]$ su* z 7 worn ab\t ! "t ( ,alfr$1 or p]haps some:at e>li]4 ,! r+s reta9 mu* ( ! primitive ,briti% =m1 z w be se5 on exam9+ ! two select$ = engrav+ "h4 ,fig4 #aai is beat5 out into a broad face1 :i* is cov]$ ) an ind5t$ ornam5t produc$ by a *isel-%ap$ pun* ( triangul> =m1 ! po9ts ( two conjo9$ 9 "o patt]n1 ! edge ( ! r+ on ea* side fur!r enri*$ by a s]ies ( dots4 ,fig4 #abj has a /ill broad] face1 :i* is decorat$ by gr\ps ( ?ree circles ea*1 some:at irregul>ly di/ribut$ ov] ! surface1 ) ind5t$ l9es betwe5 !m4 ,! op5 end ( ?is r+ has be5 drawn toge!r & secur$ by a coil ( wire4 ,su* r+s 7 probably worn by ! middle classes4 ,! passion = gems & jewell]y 0 excessive among all ! ,go?ic nations4 ,:5 ,al>ic pillag$ ,rome1 8 booty 9 ?is way 0 enorm\s2 & x is record$ t 8 pr9cess1 ,placidia1 receiv$ z a pres5t f ! conqu]or's bro!r1 fifty bas9s fill$ ) preci\s /ones ( ine/imable value4 ,n only 7 ! p]sons ( ^! sov]eigns & nobles cov]$ ) gems1 ins]t$ 9 girdles1 sword-scabb>ds1 on bord]s ( g>m5ts or %oes2 b vases1 di%es1 b[ls1 dr9k+-cups1 z well z portable articles ( furniture1 caskets1 c41 7 simil>ly enri*$4 ,! ,o/rogo? & ,wisigo? k+s amass$1 9 ,tolosa & ,n>bonne1 imm5se treasures 9 gems & gold & silv] vessels4 ,:5 ,n>bonne 0 pillag$1 ! numb] ( ornam5ts ( pure gold enri*$ ) gems t fell to ! conqu]ors w\ld sc>cely be cr$it$1 7 ! details record$ by less tru/wor?y au?ors1 or n corroborat$ by "s few works ( ! same age :i* h =tunately desc5d$ to u4 ,! ,*ur* %>$ l>gely 9 ?is weal?2 crosses1 reliqu>ies1 & sacr$ vessels ( all k9ds1 7 made ( ! mo/ co/ly mat]ial1 & encru/$ ) gems4 ,"o ( ^! anci5t works may /ill be se5 9 ,cologne ,ca!dral--! *asse1 or reliqu>y1 conta9+ ! reput$ skulls ( ! ?ree ,magi1 ( :om we %all soon h to speak m fully4 ,?is rem>kable "w is /udd$ all ov] ) engrav$ intaglios ( ,roman workman%ip4 ,*ur*m5 at ?is "t 7 clev] artific]s2 & ,/4 ,dun/an1 great /atesman z he 01 9 ! ,briti%1 & ,/4 ,eloi 9 ! ,gallic1 *ur*1 bo? skill$ work+ goldsmi?s1 h s9ce become ! patron sa9ts ( confrat]nities ( _! foll[]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aba4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abb4 ,! high] cl]gy on all solemn occasions display$ mu* p]sonal decoration4 ,a jewell$ r+ 0 "p ( ! adornm5t ( a bi%op :5 array$ 9 full pontificals4 ,x indicat$ 8 rank1 0 made = him1 & buri$ ) him4 ,! treasuries ( our old ca!drals /ill possess a few ( ^! r+s4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ curi\s is kept by ! ,dean ( ,w9*e/]1 & is repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #aba4 ,x 0 f\nd dur+ ! repair ( ! *oir "u ! tomb ( ,william ,rufus1 & is suppos$ to h be5 ! pontifical r+ ( ,h5ry de ,blois1 ,c>d9al1 & ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]1 ,a4,d4 #aabi4 ,x is a massive r+ ( solid gold1 set ) an oval irregul>ly-%ap$ sapphire1 en cabo*on1 poli%$ only1 n cut2 held 9 its heavy socket by f\r fleur-de-lys1 & /ill fur!r secur$ by drill+ ?r\gh its c5tre a passage = a gold wire--a reckless way ( treat+ valuable jewels1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( almo/ all ^! e>ly works4 ,fig4 #abb is an ord9>y pontifical gold r+ ( inve/iture1 us$ 9 ! ,anglican ,*ur* ab\t ?is "t4 ,x 0 f\nd at ,w9*e/]1 & is pres]v$ ) ,fig4 #aba1 describ$ above4 ,x has a v massive sett+ = a l>ge blue sapphire1 & is v *>act]i/ic1 ?\gh simple 9 its design4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abd4 ,dignity1 z exhibit$ by weight & simplicity1 seems to h be5 *iefly reg>d$ 9 ! design ( ^! old episcopal insignia4 ,9 ! sacri/y at ,york ,m9/] is pres]v$ a v excell5t specim51 ,fig4 #abc4 ,?is 0 f\nd 9 ! tomb ( ,ar*bi%op ,sewall1 :o di$ 9 #abef4 ,) x is kept ano!r f9e r+ ( m elaborate design 7,fig4 #abd71 :i* 0 discov]$ 9 ! tomb ( ,ar*bi%op ,gre5field1 :o di$ 9 #acae4 ,! foliations :i* curl ar\nd ! c5tral /one & its sett+1 take ! prevail+ =ms adopt$ 9 ar*itectural enri*m5ts ( ! ar*bi%op's age4 ,! /ones usually *os5 = su* r+s 7 ruby1 em]ald1 or cry/al1 & _h a significance usual ) all ?+s connect$ ) ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 ruby indicat$ its glory1 em]ald its tranquillity & happ9ess1 & cry/al its simplicity & purity4 ,! diamond typifi$ invuln]able fai?2 ! sapphire1 hope2 ! onyx1 s9c]ity2 ! ame?y/1 humility4 ,9 ! old romance ( 8,sir ,degrevant10 we are told t at ! m>riage ( ! h]o !re came 8,ar*bi%ops ) r+s ,m ?an fifte540 ,9 ! romance ( 8,k+ ,a!l/an0 7also a "w ( ! f\rte5? c5tury71 ! k+ exclaims to an (f5d+ ar*bi%op-- 8,lay d\n ?y cross1 & ?y /aff1 ,?y mit]1 & ?y r+1 t ,i to !e gaff3 ,out ( my l& ?\ flee40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abe4 ,! episcopal r+1 be+ ?us necess>ily a m>k ( rank1 0 worn ab\t ?is "t ov] ! gloves3 sometimes z a ?umb-r+1 & (t5 ( v l>ge size4 ,! ornam5ts ( ! cl]gy became m massive z ! weal? ( ! ,*ur* increas$4 ,z ! cl]gy 7 dur+ *ur* s]vice sep>at$ f ! laity1 _m ( ! latt] 7 at a consid]able di/ance f !m4 ,?is may be a reason = ! size adopt$ = episcopal r+s4 ,a late ,dean ( ,/4 ,patrick's _h 9 8 collection a v l>ge r+ ( ?is k9d1 repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #abe1 f a sket* made by ! au?or :5 x 0 9 ! possession ( ,w4 ,huxtable1 ,f4,s4,a41 9 #ahdg4 ,x 0 ( bronze1 ?ickly gilt1 & set ) a cry/al4 ,?is peculi> =m 0 g5]ally adopt$ = r+s at ?is p]iod4 ,! ,londesbor\gh collection furni%es u ) a curi\s specim5 7,fig4 #abf71 =m$ ( gilt copp]1 & set ) a small ruby1 :i* mu/ h /ood =? f ! f+] 9 :at w\ld n[ be consid]$ z a mo/ inconv5i5t mann]4 ,fig4 #abg exhibits ! =m ( ! pla9 hoop$ r+1 simply decorat$ ) quatrefoils on ea* side ( ! /one 79 ?is in/ance a small irregul>ly-%ap$ sapphire71 :i* is emb$d$ 9 a some:at solid sett+ project+ f ! r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abg4 ,9 ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e = #ahdh is engrav$ a massive r+1 also ( brass1 ?ickly gilt1 ! hoop *as$ ) ! arms ( ,pope ,pius ,,ii4#ajh-99 7! fam$ neas ,sylvius71 & 8 "n1 ,papa ,pio1 betwe5 ! ti>a & ! cross-keys4 ,on ea* ( ! f\r sides ( ?is r+ appe>s "o ( ! f\r bea/s ( ! ,revelation1 typify+ ! ,evangeli/s3 !y are execut$ 9 high relief4 ,x is set ) a l>ge topaz4 ,?is r+ has s9ce pass$ into ,mr4 ,wat]ton's f9e collection1 :o is ! =tunate possessor ( o!rs ( ! same class4 ,"o 9 ! ,londesbor\gh collection is "h engrav$1 ,fig4 #abh1 z a good specim5 ( ! g5]al design adopt$ = su* r+s4 ,! cross$-keys surm\nt a coat ( arms on "o side ( ! r+2 ! keys alone appe> on ! opposite side2 foliat$ ornam5t fills ! space above ! circlet on ei!r side4 ,?is r+ is set ) a l>ge cry/al4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acj4 ,we close our s]ies ( episcopal r+s ) "o f\nd 9 ! ca!dral at ,h]e=d dur+ ! repairs ( ! *oir 9 #ahdc1 :i* r5d]$ ! removal ( ! beautifully c>v$ alaba/] monum5t ( ,bi%op ,/anb]y unavoidable4 ,?is bi%op held ! ,see f #adeb until 8 dea? 9 ,may1 #adgd4 ,^u op5+ ! tomb a few fragm5ts ( bone 7 discov]$1 v small portions ( ! m]e rema9s ( ! silk ( ! robes 9 :i* ! body ( ! bi%op 0 envelop$1 & ?is beautiful r+1 ( :i* views are giv5 9 ,figs4 #abi & #acj4 ,x is ( gold1 set ) a sapphire2 ! sides ( ! r+ are decorat$ ) sprays & fl[]s on a gr\nd ( d>k enamel2 & inside is ! motto 8en bon an40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aca4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acb4 ,a v l>ge r+1 be>+ great g5]al resemblance to ! episcopal r+1 0 occasionally worn z a ?umb-r+ by ! laity4 ,a specim5 ( su* a "o is select$ f ! ,londesbor\gh collection 9 ,fig4 #aca4 ,x is some:at r\ghly =m$ ( mix$ metal1 & has ^u ! circul> face a conv5tional repres5tation ( a monkey look+ at himself 9 a h&-mirror4 ,?is is surr\nd$ by a cable m\ld+1 & on ea* side is set two l>ge /ones4 ,! out] edge ( ?is r+ is also decorat$ ) a heavy cable m\ld+3 inside1 next ! f+]1 is ! cross & sacr$ monogram1 plac$ on ea* side ( ! my/ic ^w anamzapta1 :i* we %all imm$iately h to expla9 m fully :5 speak+ ( ! r+s commonly worn z *>ms4 ,^! massive ?umb-r+s 7 indicative ( weal? or importance1 :5 worn by ! middle classes :o _h obta9$ any municipal position4 ,:5 ,fal/aff speaks ( 8 sl5d]ness 9 8 y\?1 he decl>es t he c\ld !n h 8crept ?r\gh an ald]man's ?umb-r+40 ,l ! massive gold *a9s /ill worn by t hon\rable frat]nity1 !y told ( a trad]'s weal?4 ,! inv5tories ( p]sonal prop]ty belong+ to burgesses 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 conta9 frequ5t allusions to su* r+s1 )\t :i* !y w\ld h felt %orn ( an important "p ( _! head-e>n$ hon\rs4 ,among ! wills & inv5tories pres]v$ at ,bury ,/4 ,edmund's1 publi%$ by ! ,camd5 ,society1 is "o made by ,edw>d ,lee1 ( t t[n1 be>+ date #aece1 9 :i* he bequea?s to a fri5d1 8my d\ble wrea!d ryng ( gold1 :y* ,i w>e on my ?umbe40 ,f ?is description x is evid5t t ?is r+ mu/ h borne great resemblance to t giv5 9 ,fig4 #aca1 ) its out] cable or d\ble wrea!d patt]n4 ,!re is a brass 9 ,ha/+s ,*ur*1 ,sussex1 ) ! effigy ( a g[n$ citiz5 we>+ su* a r+4 ,t su* r+s became 9 ! end indicative ( t class1 & 7 reta9$ 9 fa%ion = ?is reason :5 !y _h be5 long disc>d$ f g5]al use1 may be safely inf]r$ f ! description ( a "* introduc$ 9 ! ,"l ,mayor's ,%[ 9 ! ye> #affd1 :o is said to be 8habit$ l a grave citiz5--gold girdle & gloves hung !reon1 r+s on 8 f+]s1 & a seal r+ on 8 ?umb40 ,su* r+s 7 evid5tly us$ accord+ to ! mo/ anci5t mode z p]sonal signets1 by su* z 7 n entitl$ to be> arms2 h5ce orig9at$ ! qua9t inv5tions kn[n z 8m]*ant's m>ks10 :i* 7 impress$ on m]*&ise1 pa9t$ on %ields in/ead ( armorial be>+s1 ins]t$ 9 memorial w9d[s ( /a9$ glass1 & worn on ! ?umb = con/ant use 9 seal+4 ,a v f9e r+ ( ?is k9d is engrav$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,ar*ological ,in/itute1 vol4 iii41 & is "h copi$ 9 ,fig4 #acb4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ! b$ ( ! ,sev]n1 ne> ,upton1 & is probably a "w ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 x is ( silv]1 & has be5 /rongly gilt4 ,! hoop is spirally groov$1 & ^u ! circul> face is a l>ge lett] ,h1 surr\nd$ by bran*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acd4 ,! cu/om ( plac+ initial lett]s on r+s is a v old "o1 & !y are sometimes surm\nt$ by cr[ns or coronets2 h5ce !y h frequ5tly be5 mi/ak5ly appropriat$ to royalty4 ,fig4 #acc is a r+ ( ?is k9d1 ) a cr[n$ ,i ^u x2 h5ce x 0 once call$ 8,k+ ,john's r+40 ,x is mo/ probably ! initial ( ! ,savi\r's "n z ,k+ ( ! ,jews1 9 ! same way t ! cr[n$ ,m may indicate ! ,virg9 ,m>y z 8,que5 ( ,heav510 a fav\rite popi% designation4 ,su* r+s may h be5 worn f religi\s feel+1 or f ! sup]/iti\s belief 9 ! efficacy ( holy names z pres]vatives f evil4 ,! bas5ess ( ! metal ( :i* !y are (t5 made1 & _! consequ5t small value1 precludes ! possibility ( _! hav+ belong$ to royalty4 ,! same rem>k w apply to a r+ also engrav$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,ar*ological ,in/itute1 & n[ 9 ! possession ( ! ,rev4 ,walt] ,sneyd4 ,x is !re describ$ z ( mix$ yell[ metal gilt2 on ei!r side ( ! hoop !re is a cr[n 7,fig4 #acd71 ( ! =m commonly se5 on co9s ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & on ! signet are ! words1 ,,rog]ivs ,,rex1 *as$ 9 high relief4 ,9 ! =m ( ! "* !y correspond closely ) leg5ds ^u co9s ( ,rog]1 second ,duke ( ,apulia1 ( t "n1 cr[n$ ,k+ ( ,sicily ,a4,d4 #aabi2 he di$ ,a4,d4 #aaeb4 ,?is r+ has e appe>ance ( g5u9e "*1 b x is difficult to expla9 = :at purpose x 0 fabricat$1 ! inscription n be+ inv]t$1 & ! lett]s 9 relief ill suit$ = produc+ an impression4 ,x seems v improbable t ,k+ ,rog] %\ld h worn a r+ ( base metal2 & ! conjecture may des]ve consid]ation1 t x 0 a signet n int5d$ = ! purpose ( seal+1 b entru/$ 9 lieu ( cr$5tials to "s envoy4 ,! popul> lit]ature ( ! ,middle ,ages abundantly proves ?is cu/om to h be5 9 g5]al use4 ,! tale ( ,ipomydon1 9 ,web]'s 8,anci5t ,metrical ,romances10 notes ! gift ( a r+ to ! h]o f 8 "m1 :i* is to be us$ z a tok5 ( recognition to 8 illegitimate bro!r1 & :i* is br\ght secretly to 8 notice by be+ dropp$ into 8 dr9k+ horn4 ,9 ! 8,romance ( ,flor5ce & ,blan*eflor10 a r+ s]ves ! purpose ( lett]s ( introduction :5 ! h]o is on 8 travels1 & ensures him hospitality :5 he des]ves x4 ,r+s sometimes bore ! "n & title ( ! ,savi\r 9 full1 z 9 ,fig4 #ace f ! ,londesbor\gh collection4 ,two h&s are clasp$ 9 front2 x 01 !re=e1 mo/ probably a gift1 or betro?al r+4 ,x is silv]1 some:at rudely fa%ion$4 ,! inscription 7"h engrav$ bel[ x7 is 9 uncial *>act]s1 & %orn ( its some:at awkw>d abbreviation1 reads 8,jesus ,naz>5eus ,rex40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ace4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acg4 ,! same collection furni%es u ) ! specim5 ( a religi\s r+ 7,fig4 #acf71 app>5tly a "w ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x has a he>t 9 ! c5tre1 f :i* spr+s a d\ble fl[]4 ,on ! upp] edge ( ! r+ are five protub]ances on ea* side2 !y 7 us$ to m>k a c]ta9 numb] ( pray]s said by ! we>]1 :o turn$ 8 r+ z he said !m1 & s complet$ ! s]ies 9 ! d>kness ( ! night4 ,su* r+s are ( v common occurr5ce1 & mu/ h be5 9 g5]al use4 ,!y are sometimes furni%$ ) m prom95t knobs1 z 9 ,fig4 #acg4 ,!y are t]m$ decade r+s :5 furni%$ ) t5 bosses1 :i* 7 us$ to c\nt ! repetition ( t5 aves1 b !y are occasionally se5 ) "o or two additional bosses2 :5 !re are elev51 !y notify t5 aves & a pat]no/]2 ! addition ( ! twelf? m>ks ! repetition ( a cre$4 ,allusion has already be5 made to ! my/ic virtues attribut$ to /ones dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 & = ! fondness = collect+ antique gems4 ,!y 7 covet$ n only z works ( art1 b = _! suppos$ p[] ov] ! circum/ances ( life1 or ! welf>e ( individual we>]s4 ,! idea v probably orig9at$ ) ! ,gno/ics ( ! ,ea/1 :o engrav$ /ones ) my/ic figures believ$ to imp>t good luck or to keep (f evil influ5ces4 ,s completely _h ?is belief ga9$ hold on all classes1 t a ,gno/ic gem set z a r+ 0 f\nd on ! f+] ( ! skeleton ( an ecclesia/ic1 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,*i*e/]1 8af=d+ indubitable evid5ce t ^! relics 7 *]i%$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages by ^? ^: express duty x 0 to reprove & *eck su* gross sup]/ition40#aae-99 ,?is belief 0 ultimately r$uc$ to a sy/em4 ,an old ,fr5* ,lapidaire1 compil$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 assures u t a /one engrav$ ) ! figure ( ,pegasus or ,bell]ophon is good = w>riors1 8giv+ !m boldness & swiftness 9 flight10 v contradictory qualifications1 x mu/ be all[$4 ,"o ) ! figure ( ,&rom$a _h ! p[] ( conciliat+ love betwe5 man & woman4 8,a gem be>+ ! figure ( ,h]cules slay+ a lion or o!r mon/]1 0 a s+ul> def5ce to combatants4 ,! figure ( ,m]cury on a gem r5d]$ ! possessor wise & p]suasive4 ,! figure ( ,jupit] ) ! body ( a man & ! head ( a ram1 made ! man :o bore x belov$ by ev]ybody1 & he 0 sure to obta9 any?+ he ask$4 ,if y f9d a /one be>+ ! figure ( a h>e1 x w be a def5ce aga9/ ! devil2 if y f9d a dog & a lion on ! same /one1 x w be a pres]vative aga9/ dropsy or pe/il5ce4 ,! figure ( ,orion 0 believ$ to give victory 9 w>4 ,if y f9d a /one1 9 :i* is ,p]seus hold+ 9 8 "r h& a sword1 & 9 8 left ! ,gorgon's head1 x is a pres]vative aga9/ lightn+ & tempe/ & aga9/ ! assaults ( devils4 ,a /one on :i* is engrav$ a long-be>d$ man sitt+ on a pl\gh1 ) a b5d+ 9 8 neck1 & f\r m5 ly+ d[n1 & hold+ 9 8 h& a fox & a vulture1 ?is1 susp5d$ ab\t ! neck1 enables y to f9d treasures4 ,if y f9d a dove1 ) a bran* ( olive 9 its m\?1 engrav$ 9 pyrites1 & m\nt x 9 a silv] r+1 & c>ry x ) y1 ev]ybody w invite y to be 8 gue/1 & p w fea/ y mu* & frequ5tly4 ,! figure ( a syr51 sculptur$ 9 a jac9?1 r5d]$ ! be>] invisible4 ,a fair head1 well comb$1 ) a h&some face1 engrav$ on a gem1 gave to ! be>] joy1 rev]5ce1 & hon\r4 ,su* 7 ! qualities atta*$ to anci5t gems 9 ! ,middle ,ages40#aaf-99 ,_m pla9 /ones 7 also believ$ to h magical virtues4 ,?us1 ! ame?y/ prev5t$ drunk5ness1 & 0 consequ5tly (t5 set ^u w9e cups4 ,! cry/al cl\d$ if evil 0 ab\t to happ5 to its we>]4 ,amb] 0 good aga9/ poison1 h5ce dr9k+-cups 7 =m$ f x4 ,! topaz cur$ & prev5t$ lunacy1 increas$ ri*es1 assuag$ ang] & sorr[1 & av]t$ sudd5 dea?4 ,su* 0 ! fai? plac$ 9 /ones until ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,dr4 ,donne speaks ( 8,a compassionate turquoise1 t do? tell1 ,by look+ pale1 ! we>] is n well40 ,b ! mo/ curi\s ( all ^! sup]/iti\s beliefs atta*$ itself to ! crapaud9e1 or toad-/one4 ,x is mo/ unattractive to sight1 ( an opaque dirty-br[n t9t1 & kn[n to m9]alogi/s z a v>iety ( trap-rock4 ,x 0 believ$ to h mo/ sov]eign virtues aga9/ poison if p\nd$ & drank1 &1 l ! turquoise1 to give w>n+ ( its pres5ce by a *ange ( col\r1 :5 simply worn 9 a r+4 ,x 0 believ$ to exi/ 9 ! head ( ! toad4 ,f5ton1 writ+ 9 #aefi1 says1 8,!re is f\nd 9 ! heads ( old & great toads a /one :i* !y call borax or /elon2 x is mo/ commonly f\nd 9 ! head ( a he-toad40 ,x 0 n easily atta9$1 = ! toad 8envie? s mu* t man %\ld h t /one10 says old ,lupton1 9 8 8,?\s& ,notable ,?+s40 ,h5ce came a true te/ = su* /ones1 accord+ to ! same cr$ul\s au?or1 :o ?us enlight5s u3--8,to "k :e!r ! toad-/one call$ crapaud9a be ! "r & p]fect /one or n1 holde ! /one be=e a toad s t he may see x1 & if x be a "r & true /one1 ! toad w leap t[>d x1 & make z ?\gh he w\ld snat* x f y40 ,x %\ld be obta9$1 says a m$ival au?or1 :ile ! toad is liv+1 & ?is is to be done by simply plac+ him ^u a piece ( sc>let clo?1 8:]e)al !y are mu* delight$1 s t :ile !y /ret* out !mselves z x 7 9 sport ^u t clo?1 !y ca/ out ! /one ( _! head1 b in/antly !y sup x up aga91 unless x be tak5 f !m ?r\gh "s secret hole 9 ! same clo?40#aag-99 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ach4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aci4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adj4 ,lupton1 :om we h j quot$1 tells u ( 8a r>e good way to get ! /one out ( ! toad10 :i* has ! advantage ( great] simplicity4 ,x is to be done ?us3--8,put a great or ov]gr[n toad 7fir/ bruis$ 9 div]s places7 into an e>!n pot2 put ! same into an ants' hillocke1 & cov] ! same ) e>?1 :i* toad at l5g? ! ants w eat1 s t ! bones ( ! toad & /one w be left 9 ! pot40 ,boe?ius relates h[ he wat*$ a :ole night an old toad he _h laid on a r$ clo? to see him ca/ =? ! /one1 b ! t$i\s wat* 0 n rew>d$2 ! toad reta9$ 8 jewel1 & he _h no?+ f !nce to 8gratify ! great pangs ( 8 :ole night's re/lessness40 ,! ,londesbor\gh collection supplies u ) two rem>kable specim5s ( r+s connect$ ) toad sup]/ition4 ,fig4 #ach is ( mix$ metal gilt1 hav+ ^u x ! figure ( a toad swall[+ a s]p5t4 ,!re is a m$ival /ory ( a necromanc] introduc+ himself to ano!r pr(essor ( magic by %[+ him a s]p5t r+1 ^u :i* ! latt]1 :o did n desire any "o to int]f]e ) 8 practice1 produc$ 8 toad-/one r+1 obs]v+ t ! toad might swall[ ! s]p5t1 !reby intimat+ 8 p[] to ov]come him4 ,fig4 #aci is curi\s1 n only z conta9+ ! true toad-/one1 b also t ! /one is emboss$ ) ! figure ( a toad1 accord+ to ! description ( ,alb]tus ,magnus1 :o describes ! mo/ valuable v>iety ( ?is covet$ gem z hav+ 8! figure ( ! reptile impr9t$ ^u x40 ,! eld] poets h1 z usual ) !m1 turn$ into a moralisation ?is fabul\s bit ( natural hi/ory4 ,lyly1 9 8 8,euphues10 obs]ves1 8! f\le toad ha? a faire /one 9 8 head40 ,%aksp]e has immortalis$ ! sup]/ition 9 ! mo/ effective & beautiful mann]1 :5 he decl>es h[ 8,sweet are ! uses ( adv]sity1 ,:i*1 l ! toad1 ugly & v5om\s1 ,yet we>s a preci\s jewel 9 its head40 ,sup]/ition did n conf9e its belief to a few *>ms2 x rang$ ov] m ?an we c n[ record4 ,9 ! ,londesbor\gh collection is ! massive ?umb-r+ del9eat$ 9 ,fig4 #adj1 hav+ ! too? ( "s animal z its pr9cipal gem1 fondly believ$ by its orig9al own] to h my/ic p[] ov] 8 well-be+4 ,to 8make assurance d\bly sure10 x is set all r\nd ) preci\s /ones1 all believ$ to h magical virtues4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ada4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adb4 ,sup]/ition 0 n conf9$ to ! real _w ( animal life1 b rang$ ov] ! fabul\s natural hi/ory :i* mix$ l>gely ) ! true1 9 all m5's m9ds1 at ?is cr$ul\s era ( ! _w's hi/ory1 :5 p]sons put m fai? 9 false *>ms = ! cure ( disease or ! prev5tion ( evil1 ?an 9 ! p[] ( m$ic9e1 or ! value ( prop] prev5tives4 ,! horn ( ! unicorn1 ! claw ( ! griff91 & o!r relics ( equal v]ity & value1 7 s\ght eag]ly by ^? ri* en\gh to procure !m1 & :5 obta9$ 7 believ$ to ensure mu* good =tune to ! possessor4 ,a fe> ( ! 8evil eye0--t bugbe> :i* /ill di/urbs ! happ9ess ( ! l[] class ,italians & ( ! ,ea/]n nations g5]ally--0 c>efully provid$ aga9/4 ,"o great pres]vative 0 ! we>+ ( a r+ ) ! figure ( a cockatrice ^u x4 ,?is imag9>y creature 0 suppos$ to be produc$ f t r>e/ ( all r>e ?+s1 a cock's egg1 fooli%ly believ$ to be laid on c]ta9 occasions "u magic influ5ce & planet>y ag5cies4 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne1 9 8 8,vulg> ,errors10 describes ?is imag9>y creature 8) legs1 w+s1 a s]p5t9e & w9d+ tail1 & a cre/ or comb some:at l a cock40 ,! ,londesbor\gh collection supplies u ) a ?umb-r+ 7,fig4 #ada71 hav+ two cockatrices cut 9 high relief ^u an agate4 ,! eye ( ! liv+ cockatrice 0 believ$ to be s deadly z to kill by a look1 to :i* ,%aksp]e alludes 9 ,twelf? ,night1 & aga9 9 ,romeo & ,juliet3-- 8,say ?\ b ,i1 ,& t base v[el ,i %all poison m ,?an ! dea?-d>t+ eye ( cockatrice40 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 a c\nt]action to ! dang]1 = x 0 also believ$ t if a p]son saw ! creature be=e x saw him1 !n ! cockatrice di$ f ! effect ( ! human eye4 ,to ?is ,dryd5 alludes3-- 8,mis*iefs are l a cockatrice's eye1 ,if !y see fir/ !y kill1 if se5 !y die40 ,! figure ( ?is bird m]ely gave security aga9/ ! evil eye2 x _h no o!r effect2 & = ?is purpose v>i\s engrav$ /ones 7 us$4 ,?us1 ,fig4 #adb1 f ! same collection1 has set 9 its c5tre a ,gno/ic gem ) cabali/ic figures1 believ$ able to av]t ! dreadful glance4 ,su* /ones 71 ( c\rse1 8f> s\ght1 de> b\ght20 & r+s believ$ to possess su* covetable p[] _h a high money value4 ,h[ !n 7 ! poor1 /ill m ignorant & sup]/iti\s1 to be aid$8 ,craft came to ! aid ( fai?3 dem&1 z usual1 produc$ supply1 & inscriptions took ! place ( co/ly jewels4 ,r+s 7 fabricat$ 9 silv] & bas] metals1 hav+ cabali/ic words ^u !m1 ! names ( spirits or ( sa9ts4 ,to meet ! poore/ r+-we>] !y 7 ev5 ca/ 9 lead1 & sold on ! *eape/ t]ms4 ,!y 7 believ$ to prev5t cramp & epilepsy4 ,"o 9 ! ,londesbor\gh collection is inscrib$ ) ! my/ic ^w ,anamzapta4 ,9 a manuscript ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 9 ! libr>y at ,/ockholm1 we h ?is recipe 8= ! fall+ sickness4 ,say ! ^w anamzaptus 9 8 e> :5 he is fall5 d\n 9 t evyll1 & also 9 a woman's e> anamzapta1 & !y %all nev] m aft] feel t evyll40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adc4 ,9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,ar*ological ,in/itute1 vol4 iii41 is an engrav+ ( a curi\s magical r+1 copi$ 9 ,fig4 #adc4 ,x 0 f\nd on ! coa/ ( ,glamorgan%ire1 ne> to 8! ,worm's ,head10 ! we/]n extremity ( ! c\nty1 :]e num]\s objects h be5 f\nd at v>i\s times on ! %ift+ ( ! s&1 su* z fire>ms1 an a/rolabe1 & silv] doll>s4 ,?is r+ is ( gold1 mu* b5t & defac$1 & inscrib$ ) my/ic words inside & outside ! hoop4 ,_! talismanic "* seems to be suffici5tly prov$ by ! ,engli% m$ical manuscript pres]v$ at ,/ockholm1 already allud$ to1 9 :i*1 among v>i\s cabali/ic prescriptions1 is "o 8= peynes 9 !?4444 ,boro b]to briore vuln]a qu9que dei s9t m$ic9a mei ,tahebal ,ghe!r ,o?man40 ,! la/ ^w %\ld probably be read ,gu?man1 & x is succe$$ by five crosses1 possibly 9 allusion to ! five w\nds ( ! ,savi\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #add4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ade4 ,z a prev5tive ( p]il by travel & sudd5 dea?1 ! names ( ! ?ree ,magi1 or ! 8,k+s ( ,cologne10 z !y 7 m popul>ly t]m$1 7 believ$ to be mo/ efficaci\s4 ,_! bodies travell$ fir/ to ,con/ant9ople1 !nce to ,milan1 & la/ly to ,cologne1 by v>i\s removals4 ,! fai?ful may /ill view ! skulls ( ! ,arabian k+s :o visit$ ! ,savi\r 9 ! mang] 7if !y c believe ! old leg5d71 9 ! ri*ly-jewell$ reliqu>y1 gu>d$ s sacr$ly 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,cologne4 ,_! possession br\ght enorm\s rev5ues to ! build+1 & a heavy tax is /ill impos$ on all :o w\ld see !m4 ,x 0 once 7& may be /ill7 believ$ t any?+ :i* _h t\*$ ^! skulls _h a protective virtue4 ,_! names act$ z a *>m1 & 7 inscrib$ on su* articles ( we>+ app>el z girdles or g>t]s1 ( :i* _m specim5s exi/ 9 ! curi\s collection ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,roa* ,smi?1 & 7 f\nd at ,london 9 excavations or 9 ! ,?ames4 ,^u r+s !y are mo/ common2 two are "h select$ f ! ,londesbor\gh collection4 ,fig4 #add is a ?ick gold hoop1 inscrib$ ) _! names1 ,jasp]1 ,mel*ior1 ,bal?az>1 & ! abbreviat$ motto1 89 god is a r410 :i* ! late ,mr4 ,cr(ton ,crok]1 :o compil$ a descriptive catalogue ( ^! r+s1 ?\ght might probably mean 89 ,god is a rem$y40 ,fig4 #ade furni%es a good example ( a fa%ion ( hoop-r+ preval5t 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 flat inside & angul> outside4 ,ea* face is inscrib$ ) ! same talismanic names4 ,x is =m$ ( *eap mix$ metal1 0 f\nd 9 ,london1 & pres5t$ to ! collection by ,mr4 ,roa* ,smi?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adg4 ,inscriptions on r+s became at ?is "t v common1 nor 7 !y conf9$ to my/ic or sacr$ words4 ,mottoes ( love & gallantry 7 frequ5t1 z well z moral s5t5ces1 & ^? /rictly h]aldic4 ,9 ! curi\s inv5tory ( ! plate & jewels ( ! ,duke ( ,anj\1 compil$ ab\t #acfj1 m5tion is made ( a r+ ) a l>ge squ>e em]ald1 surr\nd$ by lett]s 9 black enamel4 ,9 8,ar*ologia10 vol4 xxxi41 is a f9e example ( su* an engrav$ r+4 ,! repres5tation is copi$ 9 ,fig4 #adf4 ,x is a weighty r+ ( f9e gold1 & 0 f\nd 9 #ahbc at ,!t=d1 9 ,suffolk4 ,! device :i* appe>s ^u ?is r+ is an eagle display$2 on ! inn] side is engrav$ a bird1 ) ! w+s clos$1 app>5tly a falcon1 ) a cr[n ^u its head4 ,! foll[+ poesy1 or motto1 comm5c+ on ! out] side1 is cont9u$ on ! int]ior ( ! r+3--deus me ouroge de b\s s5ir a gree--com m\n c\] desire--8,god "w = me to make suit acceptably to y1 z my he>t desires40 ,! devices appe> to be h]aldic1 & ! motto t ( a lov]1 or a suitor to "o 9 p[]4 ,! eagle is ! be>+ ( sev]al anci5t ,suffolk families2 x 0 also a badge ( ! ,h\se ( ,lanca/]1 & ,!t=d 0 "o portion ( ! ,du*y ( ,lanca/]4 ,^! mottoes1 or 8reasons10 z !y 7 sometimes t]m$1 7 occasionally engrav$ 9 relief4 ,fig4 #adg repres5ts a specim5 f ! ,londesbor\gh collection4 ,x is ( gold1 & 0 f\nd 9 ! ,?ames4 ,! inscription ^u x is--sans bil9ie--8)\t bas5ess10--a motto t may h be5 adopt$ by "s ,bay>d ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adh4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #adi & #aej4 ,a v e>ly r+1 ) an unusual pretty poesy1 is 9 ! collection ( ,j4 ,evans1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a41 & is engrav$ 7,fig4 #adh74 ,x is ( gold1 set ) a small sapphire1 & is inscrib$--,,ie4 ,,svi ,,ici ,,en ,,li',v ,d',,ami--8,i am "h 9 place ( a fri5d40 ,x 0 probably made at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,fig4 #adi is *as$ ) ! ,nortons' motto1 8,god u ayde20 & ,fig4 #aej is inscrib$ )9side ) ! s5t5ce1 8,muli]1 viro subjecta e/o40 ,bo? are works ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,9 ,bromsgrove ,*ur*1 ,/af=d%ire1 are ! f9e monum5tal effigies ( ,sir ,humphrey ,/af=d & 8 wife 7#adej71 rem>kable alike = ! ri* arm\r ( ! knight & ! c\rtly co/ume ( ! lady4 ,%e we>s a pr(usion ( r+s1 e f+]1 except ! little f+] ( ! "r h&1 be+ furni%$ ) "o4 ,!y exhibit great v>iety ( design1 & are valuable z expon5ts ( ! fa%ion ( t day4 ,we engrave 9 ,fig4 #aea ! h&s ( ! lady1 z uplift$ 9 pray]1 ) f\r ( ! r+s1 ! full size ( ! orig9als4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aea4 ,recurr+ to ! anci5t p ^: sacr$ records gave u ! e>lie/ k ( ! use ( r+s1 we may pr(itably devote "s att5tion to ! v beautiful r+s1 =m]ly us$ by ! ,hebrews = betro?als & w$d+s4 ,! ,londesbor\gh collection furni%es u ) ! two f9e examples engrav$ 9 ,figs4 #aeb & #aec4 ,!y are (t5 t]m$ 8t[] r+s10 f ! figure ( ! sacr$ temple plac$ on _! summit4 ,9 ! fir/ specim5 x takes ! =m ( a sexagonal build+1 ) a dom$ ro( ( an ,ea/]n "*2 9 ! second x is squ>e1 ) a deeply pit*$ ro(1 hav+ movable vanes at ! angles1 & is probably ! "w ( "s ,g]man goldsmi?4 ,^u ! ro( ( ! fir/ is inscrib$ 9 enamell$ lett]s ! be/ wi%--8joy be ) y0--t a newly-m>ri$ c\ple w\ld comm&4 ,! same words are inscrib$ 9 m ri*ly-design$ lett]s on ! curve ( ! second r+4 ,bo? are ( gold1 ri*ly *as$1 enamell$1 & enri*$ by filigree "w1 & are suffici5tly /ately = ! mo/ impos+ c]emonial4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aec4 ,a ?ird ,hebrew r+ ( less /rik+ appe>ance1 b ( equal or great] curiosity1 is also engrav$ f ! same ri* collection1 9 ,fig4 #aed4 ,x be>s on its surface a repres5tation 79 high relief7 ( ! temptation ( our fir/ p>5ts1 :o are surr\nd$ by v>i\s animals1 real & imag9>y1 _! jo9t resid5ts 9 ,p>adise4 ,! workman%ip ( all ^! r+s has be5 dat$ to ! comm5cem5t ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aed4 ,we close our s]ies ) a w$d+-r+1 commemorative ( a m>riage :i* excit$ ! m>k$ att5tion ( ! entire ,*ri/ian community1 z a vigor\s prote/ aga9/ monk]y by t 8solit>y monk t mov$ ! _w0--,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,r5\nc+ ! fai? ( ,rome1 he revok$ 8 v[ ( celibacy1 & complet$ 8 total sev]ance f its cre$ by m>ry+ a lady :o _h be5 once a nun1 nam$ ,ca?>9e ,bor54 ,! r+1 "h engrav$1 is t us$ on ! occasion4 ,x is ( elaborate design & execution2 a gr\p ( emblems ( ! ,savi\r's ,passion1 ! pill>1 ! sc\rge1 ! spe>1 & v>i\s o!r objects1 comb9e ) a repres5tation ( ! ,crucifixion1 a small ruby be+ set 9 ! c5tre ( ! r+ above ! head ( ! ,savi\r4 ,we engrave ?is mo/ int]e/+ object ( p]sonal decoration z x appe>s to ! eye1 & also ! full design 9 plano2 b5ea? x are ! names & date inscrib$ on ! inside ( ! r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aee4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,mod]n ,,r+s4 ,! p]iod kn[n z m$ival comm5ces ) ! fall ( anci5t ,rome "u ! ,go?ic invasion1 & concludes ) ! capture ( ,con/ant9ople by ! ,turks 9 #adec4 ,! mod]n era !re=e comm5ces 9 ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 dur+ ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,vi4 ,z private weal? increas$1 f+]-r+s became mu* m ornam5tal2 to ! art :i* ! goldsmi? & jewell] devot$ to !m1 0 add$ t ( ! engrav] & enamell]4 ,fig4 #aef1 f ! ,londesbor\gh collection1 is decorat$ ) floral ornam5t1 engrav$ & fill$ ) gre5 & r$ enamel col\rs4 ,! effect on ! gold is extremely pleas+1 hav+ a c]ta9 qua9t sumptu\sness peculi>ly its own4 ,fig4 #aeg is a f9e specim51 f ! same collection1 ( a signet-r+1 be>+ 8a m]*ant's m>k0 ^u its face4 ,^! m>ks v>i$ ) e own]1 & 7 z peculi> to himself z is ! mod]n autograph2 !y 7 a comb9ation ( initials or lett]-l devices1 frequ5tly surm\nt$ by a cross1 or a conv5tional sign1 believ$ to repres5t ! sails ( a %ip1 9 allusion to _! trad+ vessels4 ,! m>ks 7 plac$ ^u ! bales ( m]*&ize1 & 7 con/antly us$ :]e ! coat-arm\r or badge ( p]sons entitl$ to be> arms w\ld be plac$4 ,! au?ority ve/$ 9 su* m]*ants' r+s is curi\sly illu/rat$ 9 "o ( ! hi/orical plays on ! life & reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 writt5 by ,?omas ,heywood1 & to :i* he gave ! qua9t title1 8,if y "k n me1 y "k nobody40 ,sir ,?omas ,gre%am1 ! great ,london m]*ant1 is "o ( ! pr9cipal *>act]s1 & 9 a sc5e :]e he is abs5t f home1 & 9 sudd5 ne$ ( ca%1 he exclaims1 8,"h1 ,john1 take ?is seal-r+2 bid ,timo?y pres5tly s5d me a hundr$ p\nd40 ,john takes ! r+ to ! tru/y ,timo?y1 say+1 8,"h's 8 seal-r+2 ,i hope a suffici5t w>rant40 ,to :i* ,timo?y replies1 8,^u s good security1 ,john1 ,i'll fit me to deliv] x40 ,ano!r m]*ant1 9 ! same play1 is made to obta9 8 wants by simil> means3-- 8---- receive ?\ my seal-r+3 ,be> x to my factor2 bid him by t tok5 ,sort !e out =ty p\nds' wor? ( su* w>es ,z ?\ %all ?9k mo/ b5eficial40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aef4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeg4 ,! cu/om mu/ h be5 common to be ?us us$ 9 dramatic sc5es ( real life1 :i* ! pla9e/ audi5ce w\ld criticise4 ,^! plays 7 produc$ 9 #afjf1 & s]ve to %[ t ! value atta*$ to a seal-r+ desc5d$ f v anci5t to comp>atively mod]n times4 ,9 ! ,wat]ton collection is a massive gold signet-r+1 ) ! rebus ( ! ,wylmot family qua9tly design$ 9 ! ta/e ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! c5tre is a tree2 on "o side ( x ! lett]s ,,wy1 & on ! o!r ,,ot4 ,suppos+ ! tree to be an elm1 ! "n reads ,wy-elm-ot1 or ,wylmot4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aei4 ,9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies religi\s figures 7 frequ5tly engrav$ on r+s4 ,fig4 #aeh repres5ts a r+ ^u :i* is v delicately engrav$ a repres5tation ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph] be>+ ! ,savi\r on 8 %\ld] across an arm ( ! sea1 9 accordance ) ! old leg5d>y hi/ory ( ?is sa9t4 ,! circle is =m$ by t5 loz5ges1 ea* ( :i* be>s a lett] ( ! inscription1 de bo5 cu]4 ,! figure ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph] 0 us$ z an amulet aga9/ sudd5 dea?--p>ticul>ly by dr[n+2 = x 0 popul>ly believ$ t no sudd5 or viol5t dea? c\ld occur to any p]son on any day :5 he _h rev]5tly look$ ^u ?is sa9t's effigy4 ,h5ce x 0 n uncommon = *>itable individuals to place su* figures outside _! h\ses1 or pa9t !m on ! walls4 ,!re is a colossal figure 7& ,/4 ,*ri/oph] 0 said to h be5 ( gigantic /ature71 ?us pa9t$1 beside ! great gate ( ! anci5t city ( ,treves1 on ! ,moselle4 ,! enamell] & engrav] 7 bo? employ$ on ! r+ ,fig4 #aei1 also f ! ,londesbor\gh collection4 ,! hoop is ri*ly decorat$1 ) qua9t floriat$ ornam5t cut ^u its surface1 & fill$ 9 ) niello1 !n ext5sively us$ by goldsmi?s 9 enri*+ _! works1 z x is /ill 9 ,russia4 ,?is beautiful r+ is inscrib$ )9side ) ! motto mon cor plesor--8my he>t's delight0--& 0 d\btless a gage d'am\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afa4 ,( ,elizabe? ( ,engl& & ,m>y ( ,scotl&1 int]e/+ mem5toes are pres]v$ 9 ! %ape ( r+s4 ,fig4 #afj repres5ts ! gold signet-r+ ( ,m>y1 n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,^u ! face is engrav$ ! royal arms & support]s ( ,scotl&1 ) ! motto ,,9 4 ,,def5s1 & h] initials ,m4,r4 ,b ! mo/ curi\s portion ( ! r+ is ! inn] side ( ! seal1 z %[n 9 ! cut1 :]e a cr[n$ monogram is engrav$1 :i* might h be5 an unsolv$ enigma1 b = ! exi/5ce 9 our ,/ate ,pap] ,(fice ( a lett] writt5 by ,m>y to ,que5 ,elizabe?1 9 :i* %e has drawn ?is id5tical monogram aft] sign+ h] "n4 ,sir ,h5ry ,ellis1 :o fir/ trac$ out ?is curi\s hi/ory1 says1 8,x is cle>ly =m$ ( ! lett]s ,m & ,a 7= ,m>y & ,albany71 & gives c\nt5ance to ! op9ion t ! writt5 monogram 0 int5d$ = ,elizabe? & ,burleigh to /udy2 ! subsequ5t creation ( ! title ( ,duke ( ,albany 9 ,"l ,d>nley ultimately op5+ _! eyes to ! enigma40 ,elizabe?'s int5se dislike to ! ,d>nley m>riage is well kn[n1 z %e endeav\r$ to =ce ,m>y into a mat* ) "o ( h] own fav\rites1 ! ,e>l ( ,leice/]4 ,! ,wat]ton collection boa/s a gem ( no inf]ior int]e/ 9 connection ) ?is unhappy m>riage4 ,x is ! r+ ( ,h5ry1 ,"l ,d>nley1 husb& to ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots4 ,on ! bezel x be>s ! two initials ,m4,h4 unit$ by a lov]'s knot1 & )9 ! hoop ! "n engrav$ ( ,,h5ri 4 ,l 4 ,,d>nley1 & ! ye> ( ! m>riage1 #aefe4 ,! cut1 ,fig4 #afa1 %[s ! face ( ! r+ ) ! initials2 bel[ is engrav$ a fac-simile ( ! int]ior ( ! r+ z a plane surface4 ,que5 ,elizabe?'s hi/ory1 & t ( h] un=tunate fav\rite1 ! ,e>l ( ,essex1 has a tragic /ory connect$ ) a r+4 ,! n>rative is popul>ly kn[n1 & may be briefly told4 ,x is said t ! que51 at a "t :5 %e 0 mo/ passionately atta*$ to ! e>l1 gave him a r+1 ) ! assurance t %e w\ld p>don any fault ) :i* he might be accus$ :5 he %\ld return t pl$ge4 ,long aft] ?is1 :5 he 0 condemn$ = treason1 %e expect$ to receive ?is tok51 & 0 prep>$ to h grant$ ! promis$ p>don4 ,x came n4 ,! que5 0 confirm$ 9 ! belief t he _h ceas$ to c>e = h]1 & pride & jeal\sy consign$ him to ! dea? ( a traitor4 ,b ! e>l _h1 9 ! la/ extremity ( despair1 entru/$ ! r+ to ! ,c\ntess ( ,nott+ham1 wife ( ! ,"l ,high ,admiral1 an enemy to ! un=tunate ,essex1 :o =bade 8 wife to take any proce$+s 9 ! matt]1 b to conceal ! tru/ entirely1 & secrete ! r+4 ,:5 ! c\ntess lay ^u h] dea?-b$1 %e s5t = h] royal mi/ress1 = ! fir/ "t told h] guilt1 8& humbly implor$ m]cy f ,god & =giv5ess f h] e>?ly sov]eign1 :o did n only refuse to give x1 b hav+ %ook h] z %e lay 9 b$1 s5t h]1 accompani$ ) mo/ fe>ful curses1 to a high] tribunal40 ,su* is ! awful acc\nt ( ! sc5e by ,francis ,osborne4 ,dr4 ,bir* says ! words us$ by ,elizabe? 71 8,god may =give y1 b ,i nev] c40 ,x 0 ! dea?-bl[ to ! pr\d old que51 ^: regret = ! dea? ( ,essex c\ld n be qu5*$ by h] pride & belief 9 8 +ratitude4 ,a confirm$ melan*oly settl$ ^u h]2 %e di$ lonely & brok5-he>t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afd4 ,?is r+ is n[ 9 ! possession ( ! ,rev4 ,"l ,john ,?ynne1 & ?ree views ( x are giv5 9 ,figs4 #afb1 #afc1 & #afd4 ,x is ( gold1 ( extremely delicate workman%ip ?r\gh\t4 ,a cameo head ( ! que5 is cut on h>d onyx & set z its c5tral jewel2 ! execution ( ?is head is ( ! highe/ ord]1 & may possibly h be5 ! "w ( ,val]io ,v9c5t9o1 an ,italian arti/ :o visit$ ,engl& & cut simil> works = ,elizabe? & ,burleigh4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ m9ute b ! mo/ /rik+ lik5esses4 ,! hoop ( ! r+ is enri*$ ) engrav+1 & ! "u surface decorat$ ) floriat$ ornam5t1 reliev$ by blue enamel4 ,x has desc5d$ f ,lady ,frances ,dev]eux1 ,essex's daught]1 9 unbrok5 succession f "m & daught]1 to ! pres5t possessor4 ,al?\gh ! entire /ory has met ) disbeliev]s1 ! mo/ sceptical mu/ all[ t :e!r ?is be ! r+ or n1 x is valuable z a "w ( art ( ! ,elizabe?an era4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aff4 ,a r+ possess+ ev5 great] claim to notice1 b dep5d+ = its appropriation on its own int]nal evid5ce1 is ! next on our li/ 7,figs4 #afe & #aff74 ,x purports to be ! seal-r+ ( ,william ,%aksp]e1 & 0 f\nd ,m>* #af1 #ahaj1 by a lab\r]'s wife1 9 ! mill close adjo9+ ,/rat=d-on-,avon *ur*y>d4 ,x pass$ into ! possession ( ,r4 ,b4 ,:el]1 ,esq41 ! hi/orian ( ! t[n2 & 8 si/]1 at 8 dea?1 pres5t$ x to ! museum ( ,%aksp]ian relics =m$ 9 ! bir?place ( ! poet4 ,x is ( gold1 weigh+ #ab dwts42 hav+ ! initials ,w4,s4 brac$ toge!r by a tassell$ cord2 ! only o!r ornam5t ^u ! r+ be+ a b& ( pellets & l9es on ! out] edge ( ! bezel4 ,is x ,%aksp]e's8 ,x is evid5tly a g5tleman's r+1 & ( ! poet's era4 ,x is j su* a r+ z a man 9 8 /ation w\ld fitt+ly we>--g5tlemanly1 b n pret5ti\s4 ,!re 0 b "o o!r p]son 9 ! small t[n ( ,/rat=d at t "t to :om ! same initials belong$4 ,?is 0 "o ,william ,smi?1 b 8 seal is atta*$ to sev]al docum5ts pres]v$ among ! records ( ! corporation1 & is totally diff]5t4#acf-99 ,mr4 ,halliwell1 9 8 8,life ( ,%aksp]e10 obs]ves t 8little d\bt c be ent]ta9$ t ?is r+ belong$ to ! poet1 & x is probably ! "o he lo/ be=e 8 dea?1 & 0 n to be f\nd :5 8 w 0 execut$1 ! ^w h& be+ sub/itut$ = seal 9 ! orig9al copy ( t docum5t40#acf- ,9 ! great poet's w1 five ( 8 fri5ds h beque/s ( memorial r+s4 ,two are 8 t[nsm51 ,hamlett ,sadl] & ,william ,raynoldes1 :o ea* h tw5ty-six %ill+s & eightp5ce left !m 8to buy !m r+es20 ! o!r ?ree be+ ! actors 78my fell[s10 z he affectionately t]ms !m7 ,john ,hem+e1 ,ri*>d ,burbage1 & ,h5ry ,condell1#acg-99 ea* ( :om has a simil> sum4 ,r+s 7 at ?is "t an almo/ necess>y "p ( ! toilet ( a g5tleman2 !y indicat$ rank & "* by _! /yle or _! devices4 ,h5ce ! wills & inv5tories ( ! era ab\nd ) notices ( r+s1 _m p]sons we>+ !m 9 pr(usion1 z may be se5 9 ! portraits pa9t$ at ?is "t4 ,! ,g]mans p>ticul>ly delight$ 9 !m1 & wore !m ^u _m f+]s1 & ^u diff]5t jo9ts ( ! f+]s1 ! =ef+] especially2 a cu/om /ill foll[$ by _! desc5dants4 ,! ladies ev5 wrea!d !m 9 ! b&s ( _! head-dresses4 ,rabelais speaks ( ! r+s ,g>gantua wore because 8 fa!r desir$ him to 8r5ew t anci5t m>k ( nobility40 ,on ! =ef+] ( 8 left h& he _h a gold r+1 set ) a l>ge c>buncle2 & on ! middle f+] "o ( mix$ metal1 !n usually made by al*emi/s4 ,on ! middle f+] ( ! "r h& he _h 8a r+ made spire-wise1 :]e9 0 set a p]fect balew ruby1 a po9t$ diamond1 & a ,physon em]ald ( ine/imable value40 ,italy n[ furni%$ ! mo/ spl5did & ta/eful jewell]y2 ! workm5 ( ,v5ice exce$+ all o!rs4 ,! ,londesbor\gh collection supplies u ) a graceful example1 ,fig4 #afg4 ,! claws support ! sett+ ( a %>ply-po9t$ pyramidal diamond1 su* z 0 !n covet$ = writ+ on glass4 ,x 0 ) a simil> r+ ,raleigh wrote ! words on ! w9d[-pane--8,fa9 w\ld ,i rise1 b t ,i fe> to fall0--to :i* ,que5 ,elizabe? add$1 8,if ?y he>t fail !e1 d n rise at all20 an impli$ enc\ragem5t :i* l$ him on to =tune4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afh4 ,9 ,burgon's life ( ,sir ,?omas ,gre%am is engrav$ ! w$d+ r+ ( t m]*ant-pr9ce4 8,x op5s horizontally1 ?us =m+ two r+s1 :i* are1 nev]!less1 l9k$ toge!r1 & respectively inscrib$ on ! inn] side ) a ,scripture poesy4 ,quod ,deus conjunxit is engrav$ on "o half1 & ,homo non sep]et on ! o!r40 ,x is "h copi$1 ,fig4 #afh4 ,9 ,b5 ,jonson's com$y1 ,! ,magnetic ,lady1 ! p>son compell$ to =m a ha/y w$d+ asks-- 8,h y a w$d+ r+80 ,to :i* he receives z answ]-- 8,ay1 & a poesy3 ,annulus hic nobis1 quod sic ut]que1 dabit40 ,he at once exclaims-- 8444 ,good6 ,?is r+ w give y :at y bo? desire4 ,i'll make ! :ole h\se *ant x1 & ! p>i%40 ,su* r+s 7 kn[n z ,gemel or ,gimmal r+s1 ! ^w be+ d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 gemellus1 tw9s4 ,! two mak+ "o1 & ?\gh sep>ate1 indivisible1 peculi>ly fitt$ !m = w$d+ r+s4 ,_! /ructure w be be/ und]/ood f ! v f9e specim5 9 ! ,londesbor\gh collection1 ,fig4 #afi4 ,! r+1 z clos$ & worn on ! f+]1 is %[n 9 ! upp]mo/ figure 7a74 ,x is set ) sapphire & ame?y/1 ! elaborate & beautiful design enri*$ by col\r$ enamels4 ,! l[] figure %[s ! r+ p>t$ 7b71 display+ ! inscription on ! flat side ( ea* section1 :i* is also enri*$ by engrav+ & niello4 ,dryd51 9 8 play ( ,don ,seba/ian1 describes su* a r+3-- 8,a curi\s arti/ wr\ght !m ,) jo9ts s close z n to be p]ceiv$2 ,yet !y are bo? ea* o!r's c\nt]p>t4 7,h] "p _h ,juan inscrib$1 & 8 _h ,zaida3 ,y "k ^? names 7 !irs71 & 9 ! mid/ ,a he>t divid$ 9 two halves 0 plac$4 ,n[ if ! rivets ( ^? ,r+s inclos$ ,fit n ea* o!r1 ,i h =g$ ?is lie3 ,b if !y jo91 we mu/ = ev] "p40 ,a complete illu/ration ( ?is passage ( ! poet is af=d$ 9 ,fig4 #agj1 f ! same collection4 ,x also illu/rates ,dr4 ,n>es's rem>k t 8,gimmal r+s1 ?\gh orig9ally d\ble1 7 by a fur!r ref9em5t made triple1 or ev5 m complicat$2 yet ! "n rema9$ un*ang$40 ,s ,h]rick3-- 8,?\ s5t'/ to me a true love knot2 b ,i ,return a r+ ( jimmals1 to imply ,?y love _h "o knot1 m9e a triple tye40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agj4 ,?is r+ 7,fig4 #agj7 is %[n 7a7 z x appe>s :5 clos$4 ,x p>ts into ?ree hoops1 secur$ on a small pivot1 z se5 7b72 ! too!d edge ( ! c5tral hoop =m+ an ornam5tal c5tre to ! hoop ( ! r+1 & hav+ two he>ts 9 ! middle2 a h& is affix$ to ! side ( ! upp] & l[] hoop2 ! f+]s slightly rais$1 s t :5 ! hoops are br\ght toge!r1 !y l9k 9 ea* o!r1 & close ov] ! he>ts1 secur+ all firmly4 ,a me*anical r+ ( /ill great] my/ic significance is %[n1 ,fig4 #aga1 & is "o ( ! mo/ curi\s ( ! ,londesbor\gh s]ies4 ,! outside ( ! hoop is p]fectly pla91 & is set ) a ruby & ame?y/4 ,^u press+ ^! /ones1 a spr+ op5s1 & discov]s ! surface cov]$ ) magical signs & names ( spirits2 among !m ,asmodiel1 ,na*iel1 & ,zamiel occur1 a simil> s]ies occupy+ ! int]ior ( ! hoop4 ,su* a r+ might be worn )\t suspicion ( its true import1 look+ simplicity itself1 b fraught ) unholy mean+4 ,x 0 probably con/ruct$ = "s my/ic philosoph]1 or /ud5t ( ! occult sci5ces1 se>*+ = ! philosoph]'s /one1 ! elixir ( life1 & ! p[] giv5 to man to control ! unse5 _w ( spirits4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aga4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agc4 ,we close our review ( ! art ( r+-mak+ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ) two v beautiful examples4 ,fig4 #agb1 f ! ,londesbor\gh collection1 has a ruby 9 a v tall sett+1 enri*$ by enamel4 ,! sides ( ! hoop are highly decorat$ ) fl[]s & scroll ornam5t1 also ri*ly enamell$4 ,! ,wat]ton collection gives u ,fig4 #agc1 a gold enamell$ r+1 set ) a l>ge turquoise 9 ! c5tre1 & surr\nd$ by six rais$ g>nets4 ,?is r+ is /at$ to h subsequ5tly belong$ to ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 ,k+ ( ,prussia1 ^: ciph] is ^u x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #age4 ,we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 end ?is portion ( our hi/ory )\t a ref]5ce to ! simple1 b mo/ important1 8pla9 gold r+0 ( matrimony4 ,x 0 at ?is "t almo/ univ]sally inscrib$ ) a 8poesy0 ( "o or two l9es ( rhyme4 ,two specim5s are "h engrav$4 ,fig4 #agd is =m$ l ! badge ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,g>t]1 ) ! buckle 9 front1 & ! motto ( ! ord] outside ! hoop2 )9side are ! words 8,i'll w9 & we> y40 ,! ord9>y =m ( r+ is %[n 9 ,fig4 #age1 & is inscrib$ 8,let lik+e la/e40 ,!y 7 inv>iably inscrib$ )9side ! hoop4 ,?us ,lyly1 9 8 8,euphues10 #aeig1 address+ ! ladies1 hopes !y w fav\r 8 "w1 8writ+ _! judgm5ts z y d ! poesies 9 y\r r+s1 :i* are always next to ! f+]1 n to be se5 ( him t holde? y by ! h&1 & yet kn[n by y t we> !m on y\r h&s40 ,su* j+l+ rhymes 7 9 great reque/1 & ex]t$ ! +5uity ( poeta/]s & small wits4 ,9 #afbd a small collection ( !m 0 pr9t$1 ) ! qua9t title1 8,love's ,g>l&2 or poesies = r+s1 h&k]*iefs1 & gloves1 & su* pretty tok5s t lov]s s5d _! loves40 ,!y are g5]ally 9 d\ble1 seldom 9 triple l9es ( rhyme4 ,! ,rev4 ,r4 ,brooke1 ( ,gate=? ,h\se1 ,selby1 has pres5t$ a curi\s collection ( su* r+s to ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,! six foll[+ poesies are select$ f ?is s]ies1 z !y are good examples ( ! av]age inspirations ( r+-poets3-- 8,sei! ,god ha? wr\ght ?is *oice 9 !e1 ,s frame ?yselfe to comf\r? mee40 8,unit$ he>ts dea? only p>ts40 8,let u %>e 9 joy & c>e40 8,a fai?full wife pres]ve? life40 8,z ,god decre$1 s we agre$40 8,love & live happily40 ,! cu/om ( ?us inscrib+ r+s cont9u$ until ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,!re is a /ory told ( ,dr4 ,john ,?omas1 ,bi%op ( ,l9coln1 9 #agec1 t he inscrib$ 8 f\r? wife's r+ ) ^! words3-- 8,if ,i survive ,i'll make !m five40 ,horace ,walpole says--8,my ,lady ,ro*=d desir$ me t'o!r day to give h] a motto = a ruby r+10 s t at t "t poesies 7 n conf9$ to w$d+ r+s4 ,allusion has already be5 made 9 ,*apt] ,i4 to ! cu/om ( us+ r+s z receptacles = relics or poisons4 ,! mo/ fam$ belong$ to ,cs> ,borgia1 son ( ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi41 bo? adepts 9 poison+2 a grasp f ! h& we>+ ?is r+ ensur$ a v sl[1 b c]ta9 dea?3 x conta9$ a virul5t poison1 :i* f\nd v5t ?r\gh a small spike1 press$ out by a spr+ :5 ! h& 0 grasp$1 & :i* 0 s slight 9 its op]ation z to be sc>cely felt1 & n usually notic$ by ! p]son w\nd$ dur+ ! excitem5t ( ! he>ty fri5d%ip s well simulat$4 ,:5 conspiracies aga9/ ! life ( ,william ( ,orange 7 rife "u ! influ5ce ( ! c\rt ( ,spa9 circa #aehb1 ! unwor?y son ( ,c\nt ,egmont 8_h himself und]tak5 to de/roy ! pr9ce at 8 own table by means ( poison :i* he kept conceal$ 9 a r+4 ,sa9t ,aldegonde 78 fri5d & c\nsellor7 0 to h be5 tak5 (f 9 ! same way1 & a holl[ r+ fill$ ) poison is said to h be5 f\nd 9 ,egmont's lodg+s40#add-99 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agg4 ,fig4 #agf repres5ts a curi\s ,v5etian r+1 ! bezel =m$ l a box to conta9 relics4 ,! face ( ! r+ 79 ?is in/ance ! cov] ( ! box7 has a repres5tation ( ,/4 ,m>k seat$1 hold+ 8 gospel1 & giv+ ! b5$iction4 ,! spaces betwe5 ?is figure & ! oval bord] are p]=at$1 s t ! int]ior ( ! box is visible1 & ! relic en%r9$ might be se54 ,fig4 #agg is ano!r r+ ( ! same con/ruction3 x is ri*ly engrav$ & set ) two rubies & a pyramidal diamond2 ! collet secur+ ! latt] /one op5s ) a spr+1 & exhibits a some:at l>ge receptacle = su* virul5t poisons z 7 concoct$ by ,italian *emi/s 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies4 ,! elaborate "* ( design adopt$ at ?is "t = ,v5etian r+s1 ! highly arti/ic ta/e t gov]n$ x1 z well z ! beauty ( ! /ones employ$ 9 sett+s1 comb9$ to p]fect bij\t]ie t has nev] be5 surpass$4 ,fig4 #agh is a r+ ( v peculi> design4 ,x is set ) ?ree /ones 9 rais$ bezels2 to _! bases are affix$1 by a swivel1 gold p5d5t ornam5ts1 ea* set ) a g>net2 z ! h& moves ^! p5dants fall ab\t ! f+]1 ! /ones glitt]+ 9 ! movem5t4 ,?is fa%ion 0 evid5tly borr[$ f ! ,ea/1 :]e p delight 9 p5d5t ornam5ts1 & ev5 affix !m to articles ( utility4 ,fig4 #agi is a r+ ( silv]1 ( ,ea/ ,indian workman%ip1 discov]$ 9 ! ru9s ( "o ( _! mo/ anci5t temples2 to its c5tre are affix$ bun*es ( pe>-%ap$ holl[ drops ( silv]1 :i* j+le ) a s(t l[ note z ! h& moves4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agi4 ,we h already allud$ to ! old ,ea/]n tale ( 8,! ,fi% & ! ,r+10 inv5t$ "s ?\s&s ( ye>s s9ce4 ,x has surviv$ to our own day1 & is /ill relat$ & believ$ by ! commonalty to ! ea/ ( ,london4 ,9 ! *ur* at ,/epney is a tomb to ! memory ( ,lady ,rebecca ,b]ry1 :o di$ #afif1 9 ^: coat-(-arms a fi% & an annulet appe>4 ,%e has h5ce be5 suppos$ ! h]o9e ( a once popul> ballad1 ! sc5e ( :i* is laid 9 ,york%ire2 x is entitl$1 8,! ,cruel ,knight1 or ,=tunate ,f>m]'s ,daught]10 & n>rates h[ "o ( knightly rank 9 pass+ a village he>d ! cry ( a woman 9 travail1 & 0 told by a wit* t he 0 pre-doom$ to m>ry t girl on h] arrival at womanhood4 ,! knight 9 deep disgu/ draws a r+ f 8 f+]1 & ca/+ x into a rapid riv]1 v[s he w nev] d s unless %e c produce t r+4 ,aft] _m ye>s a fi% is br\ght to ! f>m]'s daught] to dress = d9n]1 & %e f9ds ! r+ 9 its /oma*1 enabl+ h] to w9 a titl$ husb&1 :o no long] fights aga9/ 8 fate4 ,! civic arms ( ,glasg[ exhibit a fi% hold+ a r+ 9 its m\?4 ,?is alludes to an incid5t 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,k5tig]n1 patron ( ! ,see1 z relat$ 9 ! 8,acta ,sanctorum40 ,! que51 :o 0 8 p5it5t1 _h =m$ an atta*m5t to a soldi]1 & _h giv5 him a r+ %e _h receiv$ f h] husb&4 ,! k+ knew 8 r+1 b abid$ 8 rev5ge1 until "o day discov]+ ! soldi] asleep by ! banks ( ! ,clyde1 he took ! r+ f 8 f+] & ?rew x 9 ! /ream4 ,he !n dem&$ ( 8 que5 a sight ( 8 old love gift1 a reque/ %e 0 utt]ly unable to comply )4 ,9 despair1 %e confess$ all to ,/4 ,k5tig]n1 v[+ a pur] life 9 future4 ,! sa9t w5t to ! riv]1 caught a salmon1 & took f its /oma* ! miss+ r+1 :i* re/or$ peace to all p>ties4#adg-99 ,! occurr5ce ( ! fi% & r+ 9 ! arms ( ,glasg[ & 9 ! ,/epney monum5t1 is 8confirmation /rong z pro(s ( holy writ0 ( ! tru? ( ^! /ories1 9 ! m9ds ( ! vulg>1 :o w\ld reg>d scepticism 9 ! same light z religi\s infidelity4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aha4 ,memorial r+s 7 sometimes made to exhibit a small portrait1 & on "s occasions to conceal "o b5ea? ! /one4 ,su* is ! r+1 ,fig4 #ahj1 f ! ,londesbor\gh collection1 :i* 0 made = "s devot$ adh]5t ( ,k+ ,*>les ,i41 :5 su* devotion 0 dang]\s4 ,a table-cut diamond is set )9 an oval rim1 act+ z a lid to a small case op5+ by means ( a spr+1 & reveal+ a portrait ( ,*>les execut$ 9 enamel4 ,! face ( ! r+1 its back1 & side portions ( ! %ank1 are decorat$ ) engrav$ scroll-"w1 fill$ 9 ) black enamel4 8,relics0 ( ?is k9d are consecrat$ by mu* high] associations ?an :at ! m]e cru/ ( "t be/[s ^u !m2 & ev5 7 !y n suffici5tly old to excite ! notice ( ! antiqu>y1 !y are well des]v+ ( att5tion f _! exhibit+ 8memorials ( feel+s :i* mu/ ev] comm& respect & admiration40 ,horace ,walpole _h 9 ! ,/rawb]ry ,hill collection1 8"o ( ! only sev5 m\rn+ r+s giv5 at ! burial ( ,*>les ,i4 ,x has ! k+'s head 9 m9iature beh9d a dea?'s head2 betwe5 ! lett]s ,c4 ,r4 ! motto1 #8,prep>$ be to foll[ me4'0 ,a mu* m lugubri\s memorial is pres5t$ f ! same collection1 ,fig4 #aha4 ,two figures ( skeletons surr\nd ! f+] & support a small s>cophagus4 ,! r+ is ( gold enamell$1 ! skeletons be+ made /ill m hide\s by a cov]+ ( :ite enamel4 ,! lid ( ! s>cophagus is also enamell$1 ) a ,maltese cross 9 r$1 on a black gr\nd /udd$ ) gilt he>ts4 ,?is lid is made to slide (f1 & display a v m9ute skeleton ly+ )94 ,^! doleful decorations fir/ came into fav\r & fa%ion at ! c\rt ( ,france1 :5 ,diana ( ,poicti]s became ! mi/ress ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 ,at t "t %e 0 a wid[1 & 9 m\rn+2 s black & :ite became fa%ionable col\rs3 jewels 7 =m$ l fun]al memorials2 gold5 ornam5ts %ap$ l c(f9s1 hold+ enamell$ skeletons1 hung f ! neck2 & wat*es made to fit 9 little silv] skulls 7 atta*$ to ! wai/4 ,9 ! ,duke ( ,newca/le's com$y1 ,! ,c\ntry ,capta91 #afdi1 a lady ( title is told t :5 %e resides 9 ! c\ntry a great %[ ( f+]-r+s w n be necess>y3 8,%ew y\r :ite h& ) b "o diamond :5 y c>ve1 & be n a%am$ to we> y\r own w$d+ r+e ) ! old poesy40 ,t _m r+s 7 worn by p]sons ( bo? sexes is cle> f ano!r passage 9 ! same play1 :]e a fop is describ$1 8:o makes 8 f+]s l jewell]s' c>ds to set r+s ^u40 ,! /ock ( r+s describ$ 9 ! same au?or's play1 ,! ,v>ietie1 z ! treasure ( an old c\ntry lady1 is amus+ly indicative ( pa/ legacies or memorials1 z well z ( ! ta/es ( ! yeomanry3 8,a toad-/one1 two ,turkies 7,turquoise71 six ?umb-r+s1 ?ree ald]man's seals1 five gemels1 & f\re dea?'s head40 ,! enum]ation concludes ) ! uncomplim5t>y obs]vation1 8^! are aleh\se ornam5ts40 ,^! dea?'s-head r+s 7 v commonly worn by ! middle classes 9 ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? & ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5te5? c5turies2 p>ticul>ly by su* z affect$ a respectable gravity4 ,lu!r us$ to we> a gold r+1 ) a small dea?'s head 9 enamel1 & ^! words1 8,mori spe cogita0 7,?9k (t on dea?72 r\nd ! sett+ 0 engrav$ 8,o mors1 ero mors tua0 7,dea?1 ,i w be ?y dea?74 ,?is r+ is pres]v$ at ,dresd54 ,%aksp]e1 9 8 ,love's ,lab\r's ,lo/ 7,act ,v4 sc5e #b71 makes 8 je/+ c\rti]1 ,biron1 comp>e ! c\nt5ance ( ,holoph]nes to 8a dea?'s face 9 a r+40 ,we h already adv]t$ to a simil> r+ worn by "o ( ,%aksp]e's fell[ t[nsm54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahb4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ahc & #ahd4 ,9 ! 8,recueil des ,ouvrages d',orfev]ie10 by ,gilles l',eg>1 publi%$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 is an unusually good design = "o ( ^! r+s1 :i* we copy1 ,fig4 #ahb4 ,x is entirely compos$ ( mortu>y emblems1 on a gr\nd ( black enamel4 ,fig4 #ahc is an ,engli% memorial r+ set ) /ones2 on ! circlet is engrav$ an elongat$ skeleton1 ) crossbones above ! skull1 & a spade & pick-axe at ! feet2 ! gr\nd is black enamel4 ,x has be5 conv]t$ into a memorial by its orig9al pur*as]1 :o caus$ to be engrav$ )9side ! hoop1 8,c4,r41 ,jan4 #cj1 #afdi1 ,m>tyr40 ,x is n[ 9 ! ,londesbor\gh collection1 f :5ce we obta9 ,fig4 #ahd1 a v good specim5 ( a m\rn+ r+ ( ! e>ly "p ( ! la/ c5tury1 ) :i* we take leave ( ?is bran* ( ! subject4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahf4 ,! jewell]s ( ! la/ c5tury d n seem to h be/[$ ! same att5tion on design z _! pr$ecessors did4 ,r+s appe> to h rea*$ _! highe/ excell5ce 9 design & execution 9 ! ateli]s ( ,v5ice4 ,we meet ) little orig9ality ( conception1 & c]ta9ly great inf]iority ( execution1 9 ! works !n issu$4 ,9 s\!rn ,europe1 :]e jewell]y is deem$ almo/ a necess>y ( life1 & ! poore/ w we> x 9 pr(usion1 ?\gh only made ( copp]1 great] scope 0 giv5 to inv5tion4 ,fig4 #ahe is a ,spani% silv] r+ ( ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury4 ,9 its c5tre x has a he>t1 w+$ & cr[n$2 ! he>t is transfix$ by an arr[1 b surr\nd$ by fl[]s4 ,x is possibly a religi\s emblem4 ,fig4 #ahf is ano!r ,spani% r+ ( m mod]n manufacture1 b ( v light & elegant design4 ,! fl[]s are =m$ ( rubies & diamonds1 & ! effect is extremely pleas+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahh4 ,su* works may h orig9at$ ! 8gi>d9etti0 r+s1 ( :i* a good collection ( specim5s may be se5 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 two be+ "h copi$ 9 ,figs4 #ahg & #ahh4 ,!y are !re describ$ z ,engli% works ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 & appe> to h be5 us$ z gu>ds1 or 8keep]s10 to ! w$d+-r+4 ,!y are ( pleas+ floriat$ design1 & ( v delicate execution4 ,mu* ta/e may be exhibit$ 9 ! selection ( col\r$ /ones = ! fl[]s ( su* r+s1 :i* are c]ta9ly a great ornam5t to ! h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahi4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #aij & #aia4 ,recurr+ to ! ,ea/]n nations1 9 ^: eyes jewell]y has always f\nd great fav\r1 we f9d t ! ,indians pref] r+s ) l>ge floriat$ faces1 spread+ ov] ?ree f+]s l a %ield4 ,:5 made = ! weal?y 9 massive gold1 ! fl[] leaves are ( cut jewels1 b ! humbl] classes1 :o equally love display1 are cont5t ) !m 9 ca/ silv]4 ,su* a r+ is engrav$1 ,fig4 #ahi1 f an orig9al 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 f :5ce we also obta9 ! two specim5s ( r+s beside x1 be+ su* z are worn by ! humble/ classes4 ,fig4 #aij is ( brass1 ,fig4 #aia ( silv]1 ! latt] boa/+ a sort ( apology = a jewell$ c5tre4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aib4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #aic & #aid4 ,a triplicate ( ,moori% r+s w enable u to und]/& _! peculi>ities4 ,fig4 #aib has a l>ge circul> face1 compos$ ( a clu/] ( small bosses1 set ) five circul> turquoise1 & f\r rubies2 ! c5tre be+ a turquoise1 ) a ruby & turquoise alt]nat+ r\nd x4 ,! r+ is ( silv]4 ,x is 9 ! ,londesbor\gh collection1 z also is ,fig4 #aic1 ano!r silv] r+ set ) an octangul> blood/one1 ) a circul> turquoise on ea* side4 ,fig4 #aid is a signet r+1 be>+ ! "n ( its orig9al own] engrav$ on a c>nelian4 ,?is also is ( silv]4 ,! mod]n ,egyptians indulge greatly 9 f+]-r+s4 ,! wife ( ! poore/ peasant w cov] h] h&s ) !m1 ?\gh !y be only ca/ 9 pewt]1 decorat$ ) gems ( col\r$ glass1 & n wor? a p5ny ea*4 ,= ladies ( ! high] class v pretty r+s are design$4 ,"o ( !m is "h engrav$ 7,fig4 #aie71 f an orig9al pur*as$ by ! au?or 9 ,cairo4 ,x is a simple hoop ( twi/$ gold1 to :i* is app5d$ a s]ies ( p5d5t ornam5ts1 consi/+ ( small beads ( coral1 & ?9 plates ( gold1 cut to repres5t ! leaves ( a plant4 ,z ! h& moves1 ^! ornam5ts play ab\t ! f+]1 & a v brilliant effect might be produc$ if diamonds 7 us$ 9 ! p5dants4 ,fig4 #aif is ! r+ commonly worn by ! middle class ,egyptian m54 ,!y are usually ( silv]1 set ) m9]al /ones1 & are valu$ z ! manufacture ( ! silv]smi?s ( ,mecca1 t sacr$ city be+ suppos$ to ex]t a holy influ5ce on all ! works x orig9ates4 ,!re is also a curi\s r+1 ) a d\ble 8keep]10 worn by ,egyptian m51 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aig4 ,x is compos$ entirely ( common ca/ silv]1 set ) m9]al /one4 ,! l[]mo/ keep] ( twi/$ wire is fir/ put on ! f+]1 !n foll[s ! r+1 ! second keep] is !n br\ght d[n ^u x2 ! two be+ held by a brace :i* passes at ! back ( ! r+1 & gives security to ! :ole4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aie4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aif4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aig4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! pres5t c5tury1 8h>lequ9-r+s0 7 fa%ionable 9 ,engl&4 ,!y 7 s call$ because set r\nd ) v>i\sly-col\r$ /ones1 9 "s way resembl+ ! motley co/ume ( h>lequ94 ,to ^! succe$$ 8reg>d-r+s10 ! /ones select$ s t ! initial ( ! "n ( ea* spelt altoge!r ! ^w reg>d1 ?us3-- ,r--,ruby4 ,e--,em]ald4 ,g--,g>net4 ,a--,ame?y/4 ,r--,ruby4 ,d--,diamond4 ,^! pleas+ & agreeable gages d'amitie orig9at$ ) ! ,fr5* jewell]s1 & 7 soon made to spell prop] names4 ,:]e preci\s /ones c\ld n be obta9$ ) ! necess>y initial1 m9]al /ones1 su* z lapis-lazuli1 & v]de antique1 7 press$ into ! s]vice4 ,^! r+s are n[ occasionally made4 ,h] ,royal ,highness ! ,pr9cess ( ,wales is said to possess "o hav+ ! famili> "n ( ! ,pr9ce1 8,b]tie10 spelt ?us ^u x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aih4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aii4 ,) two specim5s ( mod]n ,fr5* "w we close our selection ( designs4 ,fig4 #aih is a signet r+1 ! face engrav$ ) a coat-(-arms4 ,at ! sides two cupidons repose amid scroll-"w p>tak+ ( ! ta/e ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! same peculi>ity influ5ces ! design ( ,fig4 #aii4 ,"h a c5tral ar* ( five /ones1 9 sep>ate sett+s1 is held by ! heads & out/ret*$ w+s ( ,*im]as1 ^: brea/s are also jewell$4 ,bo? are excell5t designs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjj4 ,! la/ r+ we %all br+ be=e ! read]'s notice 7,fig4 #bjj7 is ! fam\s 8,fi%]man's r+0 ( ! ,pope4 ,x is a signet r+ ( /eel us$ = ! briefs issu$ f ! ,romi% ,c\rt4 8,:5 a brief is writt5 to any di/+ui%$ p]sonage1 or has relation to religi\s or g5]al important matt]1 ! impression f ! ,fi%]man's r+ is said to be made ^u a gold surface2 9 "s o!r cases x appe>s ^u lead2 & ^! seals are g5]ally atta*$ by /r+s ( silk4 ,impressions ( ?is seal are also made 9 ink direct ^u ! sub/ance on :i* ! brief is writt540 ,mr4 ,edw>ds calls att5tion to ! classic =m ( ! boat & o>1 %[+ direct d]ivation f an antique orig9al4 ,! seal is also made 9 ! fa%ion ( a ,roman signet4 ,a new "o is made = e pope1 & ,mr4 ,edw>ds ?us n>rates ! c]emonies connect$ !re)3--8,:5 a pope dies1 ! ,c>d9al ,*amb]la91 or ,*ancellor1 accompani$ by a l>ge numb] ( ! high dignit>ies ( ! papal c\rt1 comes into ! room :]e ! body lies1 & ! pr9cipal or great not>y makes an atte/ation ( ! circum/ance4 ,!n ! ,c>d9al ,*amb]la9 calls out ! "n ( ! deceas$ pope ?ree times1 /rik+ ! body ea* "t ) a gold hamm]1 & z no response comes1 ! *ief not>y makes ano!r atte/ation4 ,aft] ?is ! ,c>d9al ,*ancellor dem&s ! ,fi%]man's r+1 & c]ta9 c]emonies are p]=m$ ov] x2 & !n he /rikes ! r+ ) a gold5 hamm]1 & an (fic] de/roys ! figure ( ,pet] by ! use ( a file4 ,f ?is mom5t all ! au?ority & acts ( ! late pope pass to ! ,college or ,conclave ( ,c>d9als4 ,:5 a new pope is consecrat$1 x is always ! ,c>d9al ,*ancellor1 or ,*amb]la91 :o pres5ts ! r5ew$ ,fi%]man's r+1 & ?is pres5tation is accompani$ by impos+ c]emonies40 ,! facts we h ga!r$ ab\t f+]-r+s are scatt]$ ov] ! hi/ory ( _m ages & nations2 & 9 ! selection ( illu/rations we h be5 guid$ by _! hi/oric value z well z _! arti/ic m]its1 s t !y may be ref]r$ to z au?orities to te/ ! age & c\ntry ( o!r works ( _! class1 if br\ght to !m = comp>ison4 ,illu/ration ,,footnotes3 #gd-99 8,hi/ory & ,poetry ( ,f+]-r+s40 #gd- ,g5esis1 *ap4 xxxviii4 #ge-99 8,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians10 vol4 iii4 p4 #cgc4 #hb-99 ,b>r]a1 8,hi/ory ( ,gems & ,jewels40 #hc-99 8,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire10 *ap4 xxv4 #hc- 8,! ,hi/ory & ,poetry ( ,f+]-r+s10 by ,*>les ,edw>ds4 #hi-99 8,antiquit ,explique et ,repres5te en ,figures40 #if-99 8,acc\nt ( ,excavations at ,h>nham ,hill40 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxxv4 #if- 8,rema9s ( ,pagan ,saxondom10 p4 #ga4 #ig-99 ,9 ! museum at ,augsburg are sev]al :i* 7 f\nd 9 cutt+ = ! railway ne> t city4 ,a l>ge s]ies ( p]sonal ornam5ts is also pres]v$ !re1 :i* are s exactly simil> to o!rs f\nd ne> ,ri*bor\gh1 9 ,k5t1 t !y w\ld appe> to h come f ! same manufactory4 ,z ! ,romans introduc$ _! arts :]ev] !y w5t1 s ! ,saxons seem to h cont9u$ !irs 9 all _! colonies4 #ih-99 ,see ! 8,inv5torium ,sepul*rale3 an ,acc\nt ( "s ,antiquities dug up by ! ,rev4 ,bryan ,faussett1 ( ,hepp+ton1 ,k5t40 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,roa* ,smi?4 #ajj-99 ,engrav$ z an illu/ration to ! volume describ+ ! congress ( ! ,briti% ,ar*ological ,association at ,w9*e/]1 9 #ahde4 #ajh-99 ,he 0 elect$ #adah1 & di$ #adfd4 #aae-99 ,j4 ,y4 ,ak]man on ,gno/ic ,gems1 9 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxxii4 #aaf-99 ,t4 ,wright1 ,m4,a41 c41 9 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxx4 #aag-99 ,mas>ius1 quot$ 9 ,topsel's 8,hi/ory ( ,s]p5ts10 #afaa4 #acf-99 ,he 0 a drap]2 & 8 seal has a device ^u x consi/+ ( a skull ) a bone 9 ! m\?2 ! lett]s ,w4 ,s4 are "u x1 & v small4 ,?is r+ 0 mo/ probably ( silv]4 ,x is unlikely t a small trad] l ,smi? %\ld we> a heavy gold r+1 l ?is :i* claims to be ,%aksp]e's4 #acf- ,! conclud+ words ( ! w are--89 witness :]e( ,i h h]eunto put my seale10 ! la/ ^w be+ /ruck ?r\gh ) a p51 & h& sub/itut$4 #acg-99 ,hem+e 0 ! old /age-manag]1 :o1 l ,%aksp]e1 became v weal?y by ! pr(ession4 ,burbage 0 ! great trag$ian1 & ! orig9al p]=m] ( ,ri*>d ,,iii4 ,condell 0 a com$ian1 "p-proprietor ( ! ,globe ,!atre2 x is to him & ,hem+e we are indebt$ = ! fir/ complete edition ( ,%aksp]e's works1 ! folio ( #afbc4 #add-99 ,motley's 8,rise ( ! ,dut* ,republic40 #adg-99 ,9 ! ,koran ?is wild v]sion ( ! /ory occurs3--8,solomon entru/$ 8 signet ) "o ( 8 concub9es1 :i* ! devil obta9$ f h]1 & sat on ! ?rone 9 ,solomon's %ape4 ,aft] =ty days ! devil dep>t$1 & ?rew ! r+ into ! sea4 ,! signet 0 swall[$ by a fi%1 :i* be+ caught & giv5 to ,solomon1 ! r+ 0 f\nd 9 its belly1 & ?us he recov]$ 8 k+dom40--,,sale',s ,koran1 *ap4 xxxviii4 ,,anci5t ,,broo*es ,,& ,,dress ,,fa/5+s4 ,,anci5t ,,broo*es ,,& ,,dress ,,fa/5+s4 ,e arti/ :o pa9ts an hi/orical picture kn[s ! difficulty ( obta9+ ! necess>y m9uti1 9 ord] to give vraisemblance to 8 picture1 z ! au?orities are widely scatt]$1 & c only be br\ght toge!r by ^? :o "k :]e to look = !m2 = (t5 !y lie hidd5 9 illum9at$ ,,mss41 or 9 books ( consid]able r>ity1 seldom look$ at by ! g5]al read]1 & only fully appreciat$ by lit]>y m5 & /ud5ts4 ,we propose to %[ h[ v>i$ & curi\s ! hi/ory ( any article ( dress becomes if /udi$ c>efully1 & h[ su* m9or details indicate cle>ly def9$ p]iods1 z fai?fully z any o!r hi/oric data left = our guidance4 ,! use ( ! fibula1 or broo*1 01 9 all probability1 fir/ adopt$ by m5 to secure ! out] cloak ^u ! %\ld]s4 ,x orig9at$ among ! anci5t ,greeks1 & appe>s to h be5 consid]$ z a *>act]i/ic ( ,greek co/ume1 ev5 aft] x _h long be5 adopt$ by ! ,romans1 z may be und]/ood f a passage ( ,suetonius 9 8 life ( ,augu/us4 8,he di/ribut$ among v>i\s o!r p]sons1 tog & pallia1 & made a law t ! ,romans %\ld we> ! ,greek habit1 & ! ,greeks ! ,roman habit20 t is1 t ! ,greeks %\ld we> ! toga1 & ! ,romans ! pallium4 ,n[1 ?\gh x is c]ta9 t ! pallium1 or cloak1 0 peculi> to ! ,greeks1 & t _m au?ors1 besides ,suetonius1 te/ify ! same1 yet x is z evid5t t ?is article ( dress became aft]w>ds ! common habit ( ,greeks & ,romans4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bja4 ,! e>lie/ =m 9 :i* we meet ) a fibula is t ( a circul> disc1 hav+ a p9 cross+ x beh9d1 :i* pass$ ?r\gh ! folds ( ! cloak1 & 0 hidd5 f sight by ?is out] disc4 ,x reta9$ t =m = ages1 & is r>ely se5 ^u antique monum5ts 9 any o!r %ape4 ,x is v cle>ly repres5t$ ^u ! /atue ( ,p>is1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bja4 ,x w be se5 t ! cloak cov]$ ! left arm1 ! op5+ be+ ^u ! "r "o1 :]e ! broo* repos$ on ! %\ld]1 leav+ ! "r arm free4 ,!re is a v beautiful & well-kn[n antique /atue ( ,diana1 repres5t+ ! goddess fa/5+ h] mantel 9 ! same mann]4 ,! "* ( ?is out] g>m5t v>i$ ) ! seasons1 b :e!r heavy & w>m1 or light & cool1 x 0 usually pla9 9 its "*1 or simply decorat$ ) a bord]1 & corn] ornam5t4 ,sometimes1 :5 worn by great p]sonages1 x appe>s to h be5 decorat$ ) ne$lework1 & %ot ) ?reads ( gold4 ,su* a "o is describ$ 9 ! ,odyssey 7book xix47 z worn by ,ulysses3-- 8,9 ample mode ,a robe ( milit>y purple fl['d ,o'er all 8 frame3 illu/ri\s on 8 brea/ ,! d\ble-clasp+ gold ! k+ confe/4 ,9 ! ri* wo( a h\nd1 mosaic drawn1 ,bore on full /ret*1 & seiz$ a dappl$ fawn3 ,deep 9 ! neck 8 fangs ind5t _! hold2 ,!y pant & /ruggle 9 ! mov+ gold40 ,:5 ! broo* secur$ ! %ort milit>y cloak ( ! ,romans1 x 0 usually worn 9 ! c5tre ( ! brea/4 ,z ! desire = p]sonal display increas$1 a broo* 0 worn on ea* %\ld]2 ! ladies (t5 we>+ a r[ ( !m to close ! sleeve left op5 d[n ! arm4 ,occasionally1 !y 7 also us$ to fa/5 ! tunic above ! knee1 9 ! way t ,diana1 8,que5 & huntress1 *a/e & fair10 appe>s to h secur$ h]s be=e %e indulg$ 9 ! *ase4 ,z luxury increas$ 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 ^! articles ( utility became also ornam5ts ( mu* co/ & spl5d\r4 ,! art ( ! goldsmi? 0 devot$ to enri*m5ts = !m2 t ( ! enamell] to brilliant col\r+4 ,!y increas$ 9 size greatly1 & became di/9ctive ( rank & weal?4 ,! influ5ce ( ,ea/]n ta/e1 :5 ! seat ( royalty 0 transf]r$ f ,rome to ,con/ant9ople1 0 visible 9 ! jewell]y aft]w>ds usually worn2 nor 0 ! ta/e by any means conf9$ to ! fair sex1 ! m5 9 ! ,ea/ be+ /ill z fond ( jewell]y z ! ladies ( ! h>em4 ,! poore/ p]sons eag]ly we> :at _! limit$ means all[1 & load !mselves ) *eap ornam5ts1 al?\gh a p\nd weight ( !m w\ld n be wor? five %ill+s4 ,^! enamell$ broo*es are frequ5tly f\nd 9 places :]e ,roman t[ns once /ood4 ,!y may1 9 fact1 be said to ab\nd 9 mo/ museums4 ,we select two1 z examples1 f ! ,york ,museum1 a collection s+ul>ly ri* 9 relics ( ,roman art4 ,york 0 "o ( ! mo/ important /ations 9 ,engl&1 & "h di$ ! ,emp]or ,septimus ,sev]us1 9 ! ye> #baa1 at ! age ( sixty-five1 8worn out ) anxiety1 fatigue1 & disease10 says ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,wellbelov$1 ! hi/orian ( ,york4 ,he _h return$ f 8 successful w> 9 ! nor?1 b _h a*iev$ victory ) ! loss ( fifty ?\s& ( 8 soldi]s4 ,c>acalla1 8 elde/ son1 0 ) him at ! "t1 b imm$iately set out = ,rome4 ,9 ! ye> #cjd1 :5 ! empire 0 divid$ betwe5 ! ,cs>s1 ,gal]ius1 ,maximianus1 & ,con/antius ,*lorus1 ,brita9 fell to ! %>e ( ! latt]1 :o imm$iately came ov]1 & fix$ 8 resid5ce 9 ,york4 ,he di$ two ye>s aft]w>ds1 & 8 son1 ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 by ,hel5a1 a ,briti% pr9cess1 succe$$ him1 be+ proclaim$ emp]or by ! army at ,york1 :]e he 0 at ! "t ( 8 fa!r's dea?4 ,! fir/ ( ^! elegant broo*es is ( circul> =m 7,fig4 #bjb71 l a rais$ %ield divid$ into sev]al comp>tm5ts4 ,! side view plac$ ) x w enable ! read] to und]/& ! arrangem5t ( ! p91 :i* moves freely on a pivot1 ! po9t held by a curve 9 ! l[] project+ b>4 ,! second example 7,fig4 #bjc7 0 f\nd ne> ,boo?am b>1 & is ( m elaborate design4 ,! rais$ c5tre is divid$ into ornam5tal comp>tm5ts1 fill$ ) ri* purple & :ite enamel col\rs4 ,! po9t ( ! p9 is "h br\ght clos] to ! broo*1 z if x _h be5 int5d$ to fa/5 a f9] k9d ( mat]ial ?an ! prec$+ "o1 :i* f its wid? w\ld take 9 a co>s] texture4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjc4 ,! use ( enamel col\rs z enri*m5ts to metal ornam5ts belongs to ! lat] days ( ,rome4 ,sometimes ! "w is v co>se1 b specim5s occur 7?\gh r>ely7 ( extremely delicate execution4 ,x 0 execut$ 9 :at ! ,fr5* antiqu>ies t]m ! *amp-lev mann]2 t is1 ! "p to be enamell$ 0 cut1 or holl[$1 by a grav+ tool1 9 ! surface1 & !n fill$ ) fusible col\rs1 rubb$ :5 cool to a level surface4 ,?is decoration 0 n conf9$ to small articles ( jewell]y1 b 0 us$ = belts & sword-h&les4 ,an admirable example ( a small bronze vase1 ?us beautifully enri*$1 0 f\nd 9 excavat+ ! triple tumuli popul>ly kn[n z ! ,b>tl[ ,hills1 9 ,cambridge%ire4 ,horse-trapp+s 7 highly enri*$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,boxes1 & small articles ( furniture1 7 also inlaid ) enamell$ plaques ( metal4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjd4 ,a t5d5cy to great v>iety ( design *>act]is$ ! jewell]y ( ! ,byzant9e empire2 & ! old circul> fibula1 t _h be5 worn cont5t$ly = s v _m c5turies1 0 disc>d$ = new =ms2 :i* 7 aga9 ca/ aside at ! caprice ( ! we>]1 attract$ by ! ev]-v>y+ designs ( ! jewell]4 ,! b[ or h>p-%ap$ fibula1 h[ev]1 reta9$ its place :5 once introduc$1 ne>ly z long z its circul> =]unn]4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ specim5s ( a fibula ( ?is k9d is "h giv51 copi$ f ! orig9al1 :i* 0 discov]$ ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago by lab\r]s employ$ on ! railway ne> ! t[n ( ,ami5s1 at a spot :]e o!r objects ( ! ,gallo-,roman p]iod 7 met )4 ,! place may probably h be5 ! cemet]y ( ! t[n1 :5 ! ma/]s ( ! _w rul$ !re4 ,! workm5 f\nd a lead5 c(f9 ( great ?ickness1 :i* conta9$ two skeletons1 ! small] hav+ )9 x _m articles ( female ornam5t4 ,^! consi/$ ( a pair ( gold e>-r+s ( v peculi> & orig9al design2 a gold r+ set ) a c>nelian1 on :i* 0 engrav$ a y\?ful figure rid+ on a goat2 a pair ( sl5d] armlets ( gold2 a p5d5t ornam5t ( glass1 evid5tly =m$ to we> z a *>m to keep (f ! baneful effect ( ! evil eye1 s mu* dread$ by ! anci5ts2 & ?is buckle 7,fig4 #bjd74 ,! latt] is con/ruct$ ( ! f9e/ gold1 ! b[ decorat$ ) an upright r[ ( pellets1 & ?ree small fl[]ets across ! c5tre4 ,! %aft is cov]$ ) mo/ delicate *as$ ornam5t1 or re$$ patt]ns1 sold]$ to ! surface2 a r[ ( rais$ /uds are ea* 9 ! middle ( a curv$ quatrefoil1 ! out] bord] rais$ 9 l9es ( ind5t$ decoration4 ,! :ole be>s traces ( ! influ5ce ( ,greek art1 ! workm5 ( t highly-cultivat$ & arti/ic nation always excell+ _! ,roman bre?r51 & ! ri*] classes 9 ,rome patronis+ !m 9 pref]5ce4 ,no?+ c exce$ ! delicacy & beauty ( ,greek jewell]y2 ! ,roman be+ ( a heavi] & less arti/ic ta/e4 ,! "* ( ! two nations may ?us be cle>ly trac$ 9 s insignificant an article z a brea/-p94 ,figs4 #bje & #bjf repres5t two ( ! mo/ ord9>y =ms ( ! bronze b[-%ap$ fibul1 z worn by ! ord9>y classes4 ,fig4 #bje 0 f\nd at ,/rood1 9 ,k5t1 9 a brick-field opposite ,ro*e/] ,ca/le1 on ! o!r side ( ! ,m$way1 :i* field _h be5 ! cemet]y ( ! city :5 ! ,romans rul$ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bje4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjf4 ,! read] w notice1 9 bo? ! latt] in/ances1 ! p9 is a cont9uation ( a coil ( /rong metal1 ( :i* x is =m$1 & :i* gives x great /r5g? & ela/icity4 ,:5 ! latt] 0 pass$ ?r\gh ! sev]al folds ( ! dress1 & ! end secur$ 9 ! /rong metal cat* bel[1 x w\ld n be easy to unfa/5 ! g>m5t or lose ! p94 ,! second example is less /iff 9 cont\r1 & f x ! read] may m cle>ly compreh5d ! arrangem5t = secur+ ! p94 ,"h1 aga91 ! p9 proce$s f spirals at ! upp] "p ( ! broo*4 ,^! common articles 7 sometimes made m attractive to ! eye by decorat+ ! upp] portion ) co>se enamel col\rs2 a specim5 is giv5 9 ,fig4 #bjg2 x is ( clumsy =m1 & *eap con/ruction2 x 0 f\nd1 ) _m o!r m9or antiquities1 among heaps ( bones1 9 ! well-kn[n caves at ,k+'s ,sc>r1 ab\t two miles nor?-ea/ ( ,settle1 9 ,york%ire--caves t are conjectur$ to h be5 ! homes ( ! old ,britons :o once liv$ a semi-savage life 9 !m4 ,9 ! excell5t museum at ,b\logne are pres]v$ _m articles f\nd 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood1 & belong+ to ! ,gallo-,roman p]iod4 ,among !m is ! bronze fibula ,fig4 #bjh1 :i* %[s ! v decid$ arc =m$ by ! upp] "p1 & ! mode by :i* ! po9t ( ! p9 0 secur$ 9 ! %ea? bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjh4 ,sometimes ^! b[-%ap$ fibul 7 made ) an extremely l>ge & ugly b[1 z 9 ,fig4 #bji1 :i* hung ov] ! dress4 ,!y are occasionally met ) six in*es 9 wid?1 ) a p9 an in* or two long]3 be+ us$ = ! heavi] w9t] cloaks4 ,! gore-%ap$ p5dant is made holl[1 & is (t5 decorat$ ) incis$ l9es & zigzag patt]ns4 ,!y appe> to h be5 9 mo/ fav\r among ! ,roman prov9cials 9 ,gaul & ,brita91 p>ticul>ly z ! nature ( ! w9t]s oblig$ !m to seek 9 ! heavy wooll5 sagum1 or 9 ! sk9 mantle1 "s great] protection aga9/ ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r ?an _! s\!rn conqu]ors requir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bji4 ,allusion has already be5 made to ! extreme ta/e = %[y jewell]y1 & gaudy p]sonal decoration1 indulg$ 9 by ! lat] ,roman rul]s1 aft] ! seat ( gov]nm5t _h be5 remov$ to ,con/ant9ople4 ,x seems to h increas$ z _! p[] decay$3 = ! rude pa9t+s & mosaics ( ! eigh? & n9? c5turies depict emp]ors & empresses 9 dresses lit]ally cov]$ ) ornam5t & jewell]y--inde$1 ! arti/s mu/ h put =? _! be/ /r5g? 9 depict+ ! dresses1 z if !y _h receiv$ simil> ord]s to ^? giv5 by good ,mrs4 ,primrose1 :o expressly desir$ ! pa9t] ( h] portrait to put z _m jewels on h] /oma*] 8z he c\ld = ! money40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #baj4 ,fig4 #baj1 ! bu/ ( ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e ,pogonatus 7s call$ f ! ample be>d ! mon>* wore71 is an example ( male fopp]y4 ,?is emp]or came to ! ?rone ,a4,d4 #ffh1 & di$ 9 #fhe4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t two broo*es fa/5 8 out] g>m5t1 "o ^u ea* %\ld]4 ,t ^u ! "r "o is highly enri*$1 b ! orig9al1 z really worn by ! emp]or1 0 mo/ probably mu* m s1 by *as+1 enamel1 & jewels :i* ! arti/ _h n space1 or p]haps ability1 to express4 ,f x hang ?ree *a9s1 :i* 7 mo/ probably =m$ ( holl[ gold beads1 ca/ 9 an ornam5tal matrix2 su* hav+ be5 f\nd 9 ,crimean graves2 & less frequ5tly 9 ^? ( ! ,g]manic & ,gauli% *iefta9s & ari/ocrats4 ,to ! ends ( ^! *a9s 7 affix$ circul> ornam5ts1 sometimes decorat$ ) enamel1 l ! ,york fibul already describ$1 & sometimes ) cameos1 set 9 a gold framework3 = z ! ,arts decay$1 ! f9] works ( ?is k9d1 execut$ 9 ! palmy days ( ,rome1 7 mu* priz$ & valu$ z ! works ( a race :o 7 ackn[l$g$ to be m5tally sup]ior4 ,! empresses naturally wore a great] abundance ( jewell]y ?an _! lords2 !y also wore great circul> broo*es on ea* %\ld]1 b !y increas$ ! p5d5t ornam5ts by add+ heavy gold *a9s1 :i* hung across ! brea/1 & f ! broo*es on bo? sides ne>ly to ! wai/2 at ! ends ( ^! *a9s 0 a gr\p ( small] *a9s1 ea* support+ a jewel ( v>i$ =m1 s t a heavy bun* ( !m 0 =m$4 ,ultimately o!r *a9s ) p5d5t jewels 7 atta*$ to ! *a9 t pass$ across ! brea/1 & completely cov]$ t "p ( ! p]son ) decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #baa4 ,9 ! museum at ,may5ce is pres]v$ a v curi\s monum5tal sculpture1 ^u :i* is pres5t$ ! effigy ( ! man = :om x 0 erect$1 8 wife1 & son4 ,he 0 a sailor1 :o di$ at ! ripe age ( sev5ty-five1 & appe>s to h be5 g5]\s to 8 lady 9 ! article ( jewell]y1 accord+ to ! usual habit ( 8 craft4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,roa* ,smi?1 :o fir/ publi%$ ?is curi\s monum5t 9 8 8,collectanea ,antiqua10 obs]ves t 8%e _h evid5tly dress$ = ! portrait40 ,%e we>s a ve/1 fitt+ closely to ! arms & bu/1 & at ! neck ga!r$ to a frill1 :i* is enclos$ by a torque1 or gold necklet4 ,ov] ?is hangs a g>m5t1 :i* falls gracefully d[n 9 front1 & is cross$ at ! brea/ ov] ! left arm4 ,! jewell]y ( ! wid[ is ( no common description1 nor nigg>dly be/[$4 ,^u ! brea/1 bel[ ! torque1 is a rose-%ap$ ornam5t or broo*1 & b5ea? t a c\ple ( fibul2 two m ( a simil> patt]n fa/5 ! upp] g>m5t ne> ! "r %\ld]1 & ^u ! left arm1 j above ! elb[2 an armlet encircles ! "r arm1 & bracelets ! wri/4 ,fig4 #baa gives ! upp] portion ( ! =m ( ?is lady3 judg+ f ! /yle ( h] head-dress %e may h liv$ 9 ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,hadrian4 ,probably _m ye>s y\ng] ?an h] sailor-husb&1 %e appe>s to h temp]$ h] grief ) judgm5t1 & to h tak5 advantage ( 8 dea? to set h]self =? to ! _w 9 h] gaye/ co/ume4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #bab-bad4 ,z b>b>ism increas$1 & subv]t$ good ta/e1 broo*es ( ! mo/ absurd =ms 7 inv5t$1 & made m grotesque by unnatural enamel col\rs4 ,birds1 fi%1 m5 on horseback1 =m$ ! face ( ^! broo*es1 :i* w\ld nev] h be5 und]/ood by a mod]n eye1 _h !y n be5 f\nd ) ! p9s atta*$ to !m beh9d4 ,?ree examples f ! great "w ( ,montfaucon are giv5 9 ,figs4 #bab1 #bac1 & #bad1 !y 7 f\nd 9 ,italy & ,g]many4 ,! fir/ repres5ts a comb9ation ( two w>like implem5ts on "o h&le--! upp] "o an axe1 ! l[] a bip5nis4 ,! second specim5 is made l a bird3 we h giv5 x at an angle1 to %[ ! way ! p9 0 fa/5$ at ! back ( x4 ,! ?ird specim5 is a fi%1 :i* might pass z a fair repres5tation ( "s memb] ( ! f9ny tribe1 ^: prop] "n ne$ n be too curi\sly ask$ =2 b unluckily ! design] ( ! broo*1 indulg+ 9 ! grotesque1 has repres5t$ "s mon/r\s bird ) bat's e>s em]g+ f "o side ( ! fi%4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bae4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #baf4 ,we give two specim5s1 "o f ! banks ( ! ,rh9e1 ! o!r f\nd opposite our own %ores4 ,fig4 #bae repres5ts a bird1 probably ( ! hawk k9d1 ^: eye has be5 made ! socket = a g>net1 & ! extremity ( 8 tail a receptacle = ano!r piece ( jewell]y4 ,x 0 f\nd on ! site ( ! ,roman /ation at ,cologne4 ,fig4 #baf1 :i* is ( pla9 bronze1 is m =tunate z an attempt to repres5t a cock2 x 0 discov]$1 ) _m o!r curi\s antiquities1 at ,etaples1 ne> ,b\logne1 & is pres]v$ 9 ! museum ( ! latt] t[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bag4 ,a v di/9ct "* p]vades ! ornam5tal works ( ! anci5t nations t once inhabit$ ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,a curi\s discov]y ( ! fibula1 ,fig4 #bag1 0 made at ,/am=d1 ,l9coln%ire4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ! process ( enl>g+ a /one-pit 9 ! p>i% ( ,ca/le ,by?am4 ,x is describ$ by ,mr4 ,ak]man1 9 8 8,pagan ,saxondom10 z 8a r+ fibula1 ( :ite metal1 gilt1 9 v excell5t pres]vation1 & set ) f\r gems closely resembl+ c>buncles4 ,an irregul> int]lac+ patt]n is work$ ov] ! :ole front surface1 b x is p]fectly pla9 beh9d40 ,mr4 ,ak]man is incl9$ to ?9k t x has a ,sc&9avian "*1 & fav\rs ! supposition t its own] 0 a ,dani% lady4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bah4 ,?is supposition seems borne out by ! rese>*es ( ,dr4 ,davies1 9 8 int]e/+ e?nographical sket* ( ! v>i\s anci5t populations :o h invad$ & inhabit$ ,anglia 9 pre-hi/oric times1 prefix$ to t v valuable "w1 ! 8,crania ,britannica40 ,he is ( op9ion t ab\t ! "t ( ,cs>1 ! population ( our isl& ?r\gh\t ! nor!rn & midl& c\nties 0 d]iv$ f ! tribes ( ,jutl& & ,nor? ,g]many1 & t ! s\!rn portions ( ! isl& 7 exclusively fill$ by ! ,saxon immigrants4 ,a fibula ( v peculi> =m is f\nd 9 ^! nor!rn c\nties 9 great abundance4 ,we give an example 9 ,fig4 #bah4 ,x is ( bronze1 & 0 f\nd at ,driffield1 ,york%ire1 9 ! grave ( a female4 ,sometimes ^! fibul are ri*ly ornam5t$ ) int]lac$ patt]ns1 & heads ( /range birds & animals4 ,!y are !n g5]ally gilt1 & h be5 f\nd ( enorm\s size1 eight in*es 9 l5g? by six 9 bread?4 ,i imag9e ^! v l>ge broo*es fa/5$ ! heavy out] cloak1 ! small] be+ us$ = light] portions ( ! dress4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bai4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbj4 ,! ord9>y =m ( broo* worn by ! humbl] classes is %[n 9 ! two specim5s 7,figs4 #bai & #bbj71 bo? are ( bronze1 ) v slight attempt at ornam5t1 & 7 f\nd by lab\r]s employ$ 9 repair+ ! road on ! l9e ( ! ,watl+ ,/reet1 ab\t a mile f ! ,romano-,briti% settlem5t at ,ce/]ov]1 betwe5 ,b5s=d ,bridge & ! road lead+ f ,rugby to ,lutt]wor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bba4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbb4 ,two specim5s ( ! circul> fibul ( ! s\!rn ,anglo-,saxons are giv5 9 ,figs4 #bba & #bbb4 ,!y 7 bo? f\nd 9 ,k5t1 :]e ! weal?ie/ & mo/ ref9$ ,saxons 7 locat$4 ,x is curi\s to note h[ completely 9 design & execution !y resemble su* z are f\nd 9 ,s\? ,g]many4 ,9 ! ,augsburg ,museum are "s id5tical 9 design & execution ) ,k5ti% specim5s 9 ! ,may] ,museum at ,liv]pool4 ,!y appe> z if made by ! same workm54 ,^! fibul are g5]ally mu* enri*$ on ! upp] surface4 ,a s(t enamel1 or slices ( pe>l 7:i* h g5]ally p]i%$71 probably fill$ ! out] rim 9 ,fig4 #bba2 ! c5tre is "h rais$1 & is =m$ ( pe>l1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* is a g>net1 & slices ( g>net are cut to fit ! triangul> ornam5ts2 to give !m great] brilliancy1 !y are laid on a ?9 piece ( gold foil4 ,fig4 #bbb is ( m elaborate design2 ! use ( g>net is aga9 app>5t1 b ! spaces betwe5 ! jewell]y are fill$ ) a d\ble r[ ( incurvat$ ornam5ts1 made ( f9e ?reads ( gold2 sometimes ^! ?reads ( gold are re$$1 or plait$1 ( two or ?ree f9] gold ?reads4 ,i h be5 assur$ by practical goldsmi?s t m delicate "w c\ld n be done 9 ! pres5t day4 ,all ^! small ornam5ts are made s+ly1 & !n fa/5$ 9 _! places4 ,!y excite a/oni%m5t at ! great ref9em5t t mu/ h *>act]is$ ! ,anglo-,saxons1 & :i* is c>ri$ out 9 o!r articles f\nd 9 _! tumuli4 ,fig4 #bbc repres5ts a gr\p ( ,anglo-,saxon p9s4 ,! fir/ specim5 is ( ! simple/ design1 ) no attempt at ornam5t1 except ! d\ble cross r\ghly incis$ 9 ! bronze4 ,! middle p91 on ! contr>y1 is "o ( ! f9e/ k9d2 ! head is ornam5t$ ) jewell]y & goldsmi?'s "w1 ! /em is ( bronze4 ,! p9 beside x is ( silv] gilt1 ! c5tre decorat$ ) a rais$ g>net4 ,i h plac$ 9 front ( !m a v rem>kable specim5 ( a d\ble p91 connect$ by a *a91 exactly simil> to su* z 7 univ]sally fa%ionable a few ye>s ago4 ,?\gh fa%ion may be 8ev] *ang+10 x is n 8ev] new40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbc4 ,! anci5t ,iri% broo* 0 unlike o!rs worn 9 ,scotl& or ,engl&4 ,x _h a long c5tral p91 ) an op5 r+ at its summit1 all[+ free motion to ! b> :i* pass$ ?r\gh x1 & =m$ a half-circle1 support+ a lunette-%ap$ p5dant1 cov]$ ) elaborate decoration & jewell]y4 ,!y v>i$ 9 size & decoration accord+ to ! rank ( ! we>]4 ,! highe/ price ( a silv] "o = a k+1 accord+ to ,vallancey1 0 ?irty heif]s1 :5 made ( ref9$ silv]2 ! l[e/ value atta*$ to !m be+ ?ree heif]s4 ,i h se5 a v l>ge specim51 ( ! intr9sic value ( ?ree p\nds4 ,! p9 is #i-a_/b in*es long1 & ! circul> broo* #e in*es 9 diamet]4 ,l>g] specim5s h be5 f\nd & mi/ak5 = poni>ds4 ,!y 7 made ?us l>ge & /rong to pass easily ?r\gh ! ?ick wooll5 g>m5ts necess>y to ! cold1 wet climate4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbd4 ,?is old /yle ( design 9 ornam5t cont9u$ 9 use 9 ,irel& until ! twelf? or ?irte5? c5tury--9 fact1 until ! inhabitants _h de/roy$ its civilisation by int]nec9e w>4 ,_m works1 l ! bell ( ,/4 ,patrick at ,belfa/1 might1 at ! fir/ glance1 be attribut$ to ! same era z ! fam\s 8,durham book10 or book ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t1 n[ "o ( ! *ief treasures ( ! ,briti% ,museum libr>y1 & :i* is believ$ to h be5 execut$ z e>ly z ! sev5? c5tury by ,eadfri?1 aft]w>ds ( ,l9disf>ne1 :o di$ 9 #gba4 ,we are1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 z to ! date ( ! bell1 = an inscription is ^u x1 /at+ x 0 made to ! ord] ( ,donnell ,o',lo*la91 "o ( ! old ,iri% k+s1 :o came to ! ?rone 9 #ajhc1 & di$ 9 #aaba4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbe4 ,! fir/ broo* discov]$ 9 ,irel& is 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,wat]h\se1 ! goldsmi?1 ( ,dubl94 ,x is repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #bbd1 & is engrav$ ! full size ( ! orig9al1 b ! l5g? ( ! long pla9 p9 has be5 curtail$4 ,x 0 f\nd accid5tally by a peasant ne> ,drogh$a4 ,x is ( bronze1 decorat$ ) gems & ornam5t 9 enamel1 & may probably be ( no e>li] date ?an ! bell j allud$ to4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbf4 ,a simpl] k9d ( ornam5tal p9 0 worn by ! l[] classes1 ( :i* ,i give two specim5s 9 ,fig4 #bbe1 a1 b4 ,!y are engrav$ ab\t half ! size ( ! orig9als4 ,! fir/ is a pla9 p91 ) a small r+ hang+ f its head4 ,! second is unique 9 its "*1 hav+ an old man's head at its summit3 x is ( bronze1 gilt4 ,z we desc5d 9 ! scale ( rank1 ^! p9s become pla9]1 ! poor] classes us+ !m ( bone1 r\ghly fa%ion$ by !mselves4 ,! common k9d ( ,scotti% p9s 0 ( v simil> "*1 z ! example plac$ beside ^? la/ describ$ w %[4 ,! head ( ! p9 c projects "s di/ance 9 advance ( x1 z se5 9 ! side view4 ,a small cross is 9 ! c5tre ( ! upp] "p2 ! o!r ornam5t is convolut$1 & is br\ght into relief by *as+4 ,! ord9>y =m ( ! lat] ,scotti% broo* is t ( a broad op5 circle1 decorat$ ) intricate knot-"w1 or floral designs4 ,dr4 ,wilson1 9 8 8,ar*ology & ,pre-hi/oric ,annals ( ,scotl&10 has engrav$ "o v simil>1 & says1 8,! int]lac$ knot-"w appe>s to h be5 a fav\rite device ( ,celtic art 7,fig4 #bbf74 ,x occurs on ! sculptures1 ! jewell]y1 ! manuscripts1 & ! decorat$ %r9es & bookcases ( ,e>ly ,iri% ,*ri/ian art1 & has be5 p]petuat$ almo/ to our own day on ! weapons & p]sonal ornam5ts ( ! ,scotti% ,highl&]s40 8,! broo* has always be5 a fav\rite ,celtic ornam5t1 & is1 inde$1 almo/ indisp5sable to ! ,highl& co/ume4 ,x is worn univ]sally by ! ,scotti% ,highl&]s1 bo? male & female2 & 9 _m ,highl& families ( v>i\s ranks1 fav\rite broo*es h be5 pres]v$ ?r\gh _m g5]ations z heirlooms1 :i* no pecuni>y inducem5t w\ld tempt _! humble/ own] to "p )40 ,illu/ration ,,alb]t ,d,,r]3 ,,8 ,,works1 ,,8 ,,compatriots1 ,,& ,,8 ,,times4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dur]',s ,,wife4 ,,alb]t ,,dur]4 ,,pirkheim]4 ,,alb]t ,d,,r]3 ,,8 ,,works1 ,,8 ,,compatriots1 ,,& ,,8 ,,times4 ,dr] is ! "o great "n :i* repres5ts e>ly ,g]man art 9 its pure nationality4 ,9 8 works we see all its peculi>ities & may /udy all its m]its4 ,x is n )\t its defects also1 b z !y may be hone/ly consid]$ a "p ( ! :ole1 x becomes a necess>y ?+ to consid] !m ) ! beauties to :i* !y may be conjo9$2 nor mu/ we be det]r$ 9 our se>* = ! latt] quality by su* occasional drawbacks1 if we w\ld inve/igate ! ef=ts ( ! arti/-m9d t[>d excell5ce1 = t 0 its *>act]i/ic feature f ! fall ( ,rome to ! p]iod 9 :i* ,dr] fl\ri%$4 ,9 ! some:at gaudy glories ( ! ,byzant9e s*ool1 we c trace only ! fail+ p[]s ( a great empire consci\s ( its old dignity b n fully able to display x4 ,9 ! b>b>ic night :i* succe$$1 we f9d art sunk to ! mo/ *ildi% attempt at imitat+ simple nature2 :i* 0 8copi$ mo/ vilely40 ,9 ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies we trace ! lat5t wi% = ! del9eation ( beauty /ruggl+ aga9 into life2 b x 0 simply ! wi% r ?an ! p[] to del9eate ! graceful1 t we f9d display$ 9 ! contort$ figures :i* ! arti/s ( ^! days attempt$ to picture z graceful be+s4 ,/ill1 crude & /range1 or ev5 grotesque1 z !y may appe>1 !y are n to be despis$4 ,amid mu* t is repulsive to mod]n cultivat$ ta/e1 we occasionally f9d nave del9eations ( simple beauty1 natural expression1 & t\*es ( human pa?os1 :i* tell h[ hone/ly & h[ eag]ly ^! old arti/s work$2 h[ truly !y wi%$ to d m ?an !y _h p[] to accompli%2 & ?\gh clogg$ to ! e>? by ! d>k age !y liv$ 91 h[ e>ne/ly !y wi%$ to so> above t position4 ,! ar*aisms ( old ,greece are n bett] ?an su* works2 & z we c trace ! onw>d c\rse ( ^? anci5t ma/]s ( art f ! rude outl9es on ! vases ( ,etruria1 to ! glori\s works ( ,phidias & ,praxiteles--ev5 s1 if we wi% to "k ! true c\rse ( ! revival ( mod]n art1 mu/ we trace x 9 ! sculpture1 wall-pa9t+1 & missal-draw+1 ( ! middle ages1 until we f9d x assume a m def9ite & bett]-regulat$ /yle 9 ! fifte5? c5tury2 t p]iod ( ! revival ( classical ta/es1 & bright day-spr+ ( art 9 ,italy1 f :i* we ourselves /ill dr9k inspiration z f ! 8well undefil$40 ,! influ5ce ( ! ,italian s*ool aft] ! era ( ,raffaelle may be said to be p>am\nt4 ,z 8 works became kn[n & /udi$1 !y gave laws to o!r arti/s2 & ! mann]isms & peculi>ities ( e>li] s*ools 7 s(t5$ d[n & disappe>$4 ,go?ic art--if su* a t]m may be appli$ to ! art :i* 0 ! h&-maid5 ( ,go?ic ar*itecture 7! t]m ,go?ic be+ by no means und]/ood z mean+ b>b>ic7--_h run its c\rse by aid ( its own exp]i5ce alone1 possess+ qualifications ( its own1 b be+ 9 "s degree m rem>kable = its /r5g? ( feel+ ?an grace ( expression4 ,! ,italian s*ool inoculat$ x ) elegance2 b x naturally possess$ an indep5d5t p[]1 toge!r ) a vig\r & native grace :i* rew>d$ ^? :o s\ght = x1 r ?an c\rt$ !m by its palpable display4 ,go?ic art 9 its native /r5g?1 z x _h gr[n gradually & a*iev$ its own position1 may be se5 9 ! works ( ! nor!rn contempor>ies ( ,raffaelle2 ! /udy ( its rise & progress is no unwor?y /udy ( ! human m9d 9 its onw>d c\rse t[>d excell5ce1 nor %\ld we all[ prejudice to weigh ) u 9 contemplat+ ^! lab\rs4 ,x has be5 well obs]v$ t 89 art z 9 _m o!r bran*es ( human k & indu/ry1 exclusiv5ess1 or ! t5d5cy to depreciate t :i* does n con=m to our own ta/e & feel+s1 is a f]tile s\rce ( error & mis*ief4 ,su* a disposition deprives mank9d ( ! free & unre/ra9$ enjoym5t ( mu* t is calculat$ to *e] & improve !m4 ,! navet ( ! e>ly ,g]man & ,italian pa9t]s1 ! e>ne/ simplicity ) :i* !y conceiv$ & express$ ! devotional subjects treat$ by !m1 & ! moral beauty ( ! subjects !mselves1 may excite our admiration1 )\t disqualify+ u = duly admir+ ! brilliant bread? ( light & %ad[ ( ,rembr&t1 or ! g5u9e tru? & hum\r ( ,wilkie40#aij-99 ,9 ?is _s mu/ we /udy ! works ( ! e>ly native arti/s ( ! nor!rn s*ools1 & 9 ?is way compreh5d _! true philosophic position1 & ! /hetics ( _! /yle4 ,g]many1 a great & p[]ful nation1 0 9 ! fifte5? c5tury ! home ( nor!rn intellig5ce2 & n[h]e 0 x m fully made visible ?an 9 ! old t[n ( ,nrnb]g2 x 0 ! c5tre ( trade1 ! abode ( opul5ce1 ! patron ( lit]ature & ! arts4 ,"h1 amid cong5ial spirits1 liv$ ,alb]t ,dr]--89 him10 says ,dr4 ,kgl]1 8! /yle ( art already exi/+ atta9$ its mo/ peculi> & its highe/ p]fection4 ,he became ! repres5tative ( ,g]man art at ?is p]iod40 ,to himself & 8 works1 !re=e1 mu/ we look = a true k ( ! ,g]man s*ool2 & to ,nrnb]g1 z x 0 9 8 epo*1 = an acqua9tance ) ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ref9$ life ( ! ,g]man p4 ,x is no unpr(itable lab\r to unveil ^! anci5t & =gott5 times2 mu* 9 man's hi/ory1 great & good1 is hidd5 9 ! pages ( old *ronicles1 & x is a wor?y task to call back =gott5 glories t may induce mod]n emulation1 or at lea/ v9dicate ! true position ( ! great dep>t$4 8,f ! b>r$ visor ( antiquity1 ,reflect$1 %9es ! et]nal light ( tru? ,z f a mirror40#aia-99 ,! mod]n travell] :o visits ,nrnb]g w see an old city mo/ s+ul>ly unalt]$4 ,= ! la/ two c5turies x w\ld seem to h rema9$ almo/ /ation>y2 its inhabitants succe$+ ea* o!r )\t a wi% = *ange1 liv+ 9 ! old h\ses ( _! prog5itors1 & quietly reta9+ a c]ta9 /olid position :i* has nei!r lo/ nor won 9 ! great battle ( life ar\nd !m4 ,on approa*+ its walls x is difficult at fir/ to believe t a city s qua9t & peculi> /ill exi/s intact4 ,x is precisely l look+ at a pictur$ t[n 9 an old missal1 ) its s]ies ( squ>e t[]s1 & long curta9 wall embrac+ its entire circumf]5ce2 its old ca/le p]*$ on ! rock1 & its great massive r\nd t[]s pr\dly protect+ its *ief gates ^u all sides4 ,!re is a /range 8old-_w0 look ab\t ev]y?+ )9 ^! walls also1 & we sc>cely feel t we h arriv$ at ! n9ete5? c5tury z we indulge 9 ! ?\ghts !y call =?4 ,x is a place to dream 9 ov] ! pa/1 to c>ry "o's m9d away f ! bu/le ( mod]n life to ! ?\ghtful contemplation ( t once enjoy$ "h by g5]ations long dep>t$4 ,x seems no place = ! actual realities ( our railroad days1 & !re is a sort ( imp]t95ce 9 br++ u by su* means close to its quiet old walls2 y feel ?r[n1 z x 71 f ! g-a-head rapidities ( mod]n times into ! calm1 heavy1 sl[-go+ days ( ,kais] ,maximilian1 )\t "t to consid] ! *ange4 ,x is a place = a poet1 "o imbu$ ) a love ( old cities & _! d5iz5s1 l ,longfell[1--& h[ admirably 9 a few l9es has he describ$ ! feel+ x eng5d]s1 & ! aspect ( ! city & its suburbs6-- 8,9 ! valley ( ! ,pegnitz1 :]e across broad mead[ l&s1 ,rise ! blue ,franconian m\nta9s1 ,nrnb]g1 ! anci5t1 /&s4 ,qua9t old t[n ( toil & traffic1 qua9t old t[n ( art & song1 ,memories haunt ?y po9t$ gables1 l ! rooks t r\nd !m ?rong4 ,memories ( ! middle ages1 :5 ! emp]ors1 r\gh & bold1 ,_h _! dwell+ 9 ?y ca/le1 "t-defy+1 c5turies old4 ,& ?y brave & ?rifty burgh]s boa/$ 9 _! unc\? rhyme1 ,t _! great imp]ial city /ret*$ its h& ?r\gh e clime40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbh4--,! ,t[n ,walls1 ,nrnb]g4 ,! 8unc\? rhyme0 0 ! famili> old prov]b :i* told ( ! univ]sal trade ( ! old city1 c\*$ 9 ! few words-- ,nrnb]g's h&1 ,geht dur* alle l&2 & :i* may be r5d]$ 9 our mod]n v]nacul>-- 8,nrnb]g's h& ,goes ?r\gh e l&40 ,?is pr\d boa/ 0 m tru?ful ?an boa/s are 9 g5]al2 its artisans lit]ally s5t _! h&iwork f> & wide1 _! connections 7 great1 & _! city 0 ! c5tre ( trade betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ,we/2 =1 prior to ! discov]y ( ! circumnavigation ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 x 0 ! dept = ea/]n m]*&ise1 :i* 0 pr9cipally s5t ) _! own productions f ,v5ice & ,g5oa2 its conv5i5t c5tral position 9 ,europe enabl+ its trad]s to di/ribute su* produce1 & all o!rs com+ to x1 by means ( ! ,danube & ! ,rh9e to ! nor? & we/ ( ,europe4 ,its own manufactur]s 7 also mu* e/eem$1 & _! works 9 metal highly valu$1 :e!r consi/+ ( arm\r = ! knight or bij\t]ie = 8 lady4 ,! city1 9 fact1 held )9 its w>eh\ses ! comb9$ results ( ! ta/e1 luxury1 & necessities ( ! age1 & 0 busi$ 9 ex*ang+ !m ) ! great trad+ t[ns ( ! l[ c\ntries1--,bruges1 ,gh5t1 & ,antw]p1--! trade ( ! latt] ris+ on ! decl9e ( t ( old ,nrnb]g1 ^: inl& position kept x f> away f ! sea-traffic :i* result$ f ! discov]y already allud$ to4 ,! religi\s w>s contribut$ ultimately to accel]ate its d[nfall at ! comm5cem5t ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & :5 peace 0 aga9 re/or$1 prosp]ity _h fl[n 9 ! turmoil4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbi4--,! ,ca/le1 ,nrnb]g4 ,x 0 dur+ ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies t ,nrnb]g atta9$ its greate/ prosp]ity4 ,at ?is "t x 0 a free city ( ! ,g]man empire1 possess+ an indep5d5t doma9 ar\nd x ext5d+ tw5ty-?ree ,g]man miles1 & 0 enabl$ to furni% ! ,emp]or ) six ?\s& soldi]s4 ,its ca/le _h be5 ! home ( ^! rul]s f ! twelf? c5tury3 memories ( su* inhabitants may /ill be trac$4 8,9 ! c\rt-y>d ( ! ca/le1 b\nd ) _m an iron b&1 ,/&s ! mighty l9d51 plant$ by ,que5 ,cunigunde's h&40 ,! old tree /ill ov]%ad[s ! inn] y>d ( ! ca/le1 & ! 8,hea!n ,t[]0 tells ( /ill e>li] times4 ,! entire place is full ( antique memories2 x has no sympa?y ) mod]n life2 & y /& 9 its quiet crumbl+ walls1 & expect1 if ! sil5ce be brok5 at all1 x w be by ! heavy tread & clank+ e*o ( a mail-clad knight4 ,maximilian himself & 8 knights1 s qua9tly del9eat$ by ,hans ,burgmair1 might rise f _! graves1 & ent] _! old qu>t]s z if !y _h b left !m ye/]day1 s un*ang$ is ! aspect ( ! picturesque old ca/le :i* cr[ns ! rock1 & 0 er/ ! pr\d home ( ,g]many's pr\de/ rul]s4 ,b :y dwell on ! pa/ glories ( ! w>like great8 r let u aga9 quote ! words ( ,longfell[1 & exclaim 8,n ?y c\ncils1 n ?y ,kais]s1 w9 = !e ! _w's reg>d2 ,b ?y pa9t] ,alb]t ,dr]1 & ,hans ,sa*s ! cobbl] b>d40 ,( ! latt] wor?y we %all disc\rse anon2 b ! place ( hon\r & our prim>y att5tion mu/ n[ be giv5 to ! arti/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcj4 ,9 ! city ( ,nrnb]g1 on ! #bj? ( ,may1 9 ! ye> #adga1 ! h\se ( ! goldsmi?1 ,alb]t ,dr]1 rejoic$ ov] ! bir? ( a son4 ,alb]t 0 ?rifty1 indu/ri\s1 & _h a*iev$ = himself a good position among ! burgh]s ( ! old t[n4 ,he 0 a native ( ,cola 9 ,hung>y1 b _h s\ght cong5ial employ e>ly 9 life :]e patronage 0 m rife1 & _h ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! goldsmi?1 ,j]ome ,hall]1 :o _h p]fect$ him 9 a k ( 8 art1 & f9d+ ! "y man wor?y1 he _h ultimately giv5 him 8 daught] 9 m>riage1 liv+ to rejoice ) him ov] 8 increas+ prosp]ity1 & to congratulate him on ! bir? ( 8 son1 :o 0 de/9$ to be> ! same names z 8 fa!r1 & to give !m an undy+ celebrity4 ,! "y ,alb]t grew up a h&some1 intellectual lad1 & 8 ta/es 7 su* z an arti/ic life 9 e>ly y\? might lead him to4 ,! old goldsmi?s 7 inde$ ! be/ patrons ( anci5t art2 b = !m an important bran* ( x--ornam5tal design--w\ld h want$ ! con/ancy ( inv5tive spur1 & ! art ( engrav+ & pr9t+ f incis$ plates orig9at$ 9 _! work%ops4 ,!y 7 intimately connect$ ) ! arti/s ( _! day2 & ! greate/ among !m did n disda9 to furni% designs = _! artisans4 ,h5ce ! great v>iety & fl[ ( fancy exhibit$ 9 _! works4 ,?is int]communication b5efit$ bo? p>ties1 & %\ld be a lesson to mod]n exclusiv5ess1 z x is a sort ( key to ! reason :y ! arti/ic beauty ( ! pa/ eclipses mu* ( ! artisan's "w ( ! pres5t age2 & :y also x displays an abundance ( creative +5uity1 :i* c sc>cely be compatible ) ! n>r[ /udio a mod]n work%op has made itself4 ,! e>ly int]c\rse ( "y ,dr] ) art & arti/s1 spurr$ him on to desire to occupy himself 9 great] works ?an he c\ld f9d himself employ$ ^u 9 8 fa!r's h\se4 ,he _h le>n$ ne>ly all he c\ld le>n !re1 & _h dilig5tly acquir$ ! p[] to execute good works z a goldsmi? by ! "t he _h rea*$ 8 sixte5? ye>2 b he 0 we>i$ ) ! task ( copy+1 & wi%$ to jo9 ! ranks ( ! ma/] spirits ( :om he occasionally caught a glimpse 9 ! h\rs ( bus9ess4 ,he also w\ld be an arti/1 & communicat$ 8 high] aspirations to 8 fa!r4 ,! eld] ,dr] _h work$ 8 way pati5tly on by a sl[ & /eady c\rse1 & c\ld n und]/& :y 8 son1 n[ a good workman1 ) a fair prospect ( equally succe$+ 9 trade1 %\ld n be cont5t to d z he _h done4 ,he _h also t unpoetic ?rifty /yle ( look+ at ! :ole "q1 :i* l$ him to consid] 8 son z mak+ a total wreck ( ! _m ye>s' /udy :i* he _h already gone ?r\gh to fit him = ! goldsmi?'s trade2 & he 01 consequ5tly1 mu* displeas$4 ,he consid]$ ! "q 9 ! light ( a positive loss = an unc]ta9 ga91 & some:at rudely dismiss$ x f 8 m9d4 ,l ! majority ( m51 he c\ld n be> t 8 son %\ld %ape himself a new c\rse by ! aid ( ! /rong w ( 8 own g5ius1 :5 he consid]$ ! old c\rse ! be/4 ,he _h re/$ on ! hope ( 8 son's aid1 :i* he saw he 0 well able to give him2 & ! prospect ( 8 quietly succe$+ him z a ?rifty goldsmi? ( ,nrnb]g he ?\ght en\gh to satisfy ! mo/ ard5t hope4 ,x 0 long be=e he c\ld pati5tly li/5 to 8 son's contr>y mode ( reason+1 & x 0 n until ! "y ,alb]t1 by reit]at$ attacks ( e>ne/ argum5t1 closely b c>efully en=c$1 _h 9 "s degree %ak5 him1 t he w\ld turn a will+ e> to 8 wi%es4 ,once hav+ done ?is1 & become fully aw>e ( ! /r5g? ( 8 son's hopes1 & ! eag]ness ( 8 aspirations1 ! eld] ,dr] *ang$ 8 :ole conduct1 & ) laudable zeal s\ght ! be/ arti/ by :om 8 son %\ld be in/ruct$4 ,!re 7 always _m 9 ,nrnb]g1 b none _h bett] reputation ?an ,mi*ael ,wohlgemu?2 he also 0 an e>ne/1 busy man1 con/antly employ$ 9 _m bran*es ( 8 pr(ession1 possess+ 9 fact a great deal ( ! trad+ _s1 & !re=e he 0 ! man ) :om ,dr] w\ld mo/ desire to see 8 son /udy+4 ,x 0 ultimately arrang$ t ! "y ,alb]t %\ld be b\nd to him = ! t]m ( ?ree ye>s to le>n ! art ( pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bca4--,mi*ael ,wohlgemu?4 ,wohlgemu? 0 at ?is p]iod 9 ! full vig\r ( 8 life1 & 0 p]=m+ an abundance ( lab\r2 he pa9t$ pictures1 he furni%$ designs = goldsmi?s & artisans1 he illu/rat$ books1 & 0 a ?riv+ & prosp]\s man4 ,8 works w\ld n delight any eye n[ z !y once *>m$ ! ,nrnb]g]s4 ,!y are ess5tially /iff & h>d1 exhibit+ ! exagg]ation ( =m & attitude :i* makes e>ly art look grotesque3 he 0 fond ( /]n draw+1 & g5]ally pa9t$ a firm black outl9e to 8 figures1 :i* has a v h>% effect4 ,8 col\r+ is equally positive1 & 8 sa9ts are g5]ally array$ 9 prismatic t9ts1 reliev$ by ! gold backgr\nds :i* prevail$ s con/antly 9 e>ly art4 ,8 portrait pa9t$ by ,dr] at a lat] p]iod ( 8 life1 is *>act]i/ic ( ! man4 ,x is n[ 9 ! ,p9aco!k at ,muni*1 & has be5 well describ$ by ,dr4 ,kgl]1 z del9eat+ 8a /rangely %>p1 bony1 & sev]e c\nt5ance40 ,wohlgemu? 0 born at ,nrnb]g 9 #adcd1 & di$ 9 #aeai4 ,8 native city /ill conta9s "s ( 8 be/ works1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,moritzkapelle1 t sacr$ re/+-place ( qua9t old art1 ?us religi\sly pres]v$ = an age :i* br+s to x few wor%ipp]s4 ,x is b ju/ice1 h[ev]1 to "o :o 0 great 9 8 own day1 to obs]ve t he occasionally rises above ! level ( ! bald /yle above indicat$2 & ! em95t writ] we h j n[ quot$1 obs]ves1--8:5ev] tranquil feel+ is to be %[n1 he !n exhibits _m indications ( a s5se = grace 9 =m1 & t5d]ness 9 expression20 & at a lat] p]iod ( 8 life1--8! %>p cutt+ /yle1 :i* /rikes u s disagreeably 9 8 e>ly works1 is mu* s(t5$3 ! col\r+ is also w>m & p[]ful40 ,he 0 c]ta9ly ! be/ ( ! ,nrnb]g pa9t]s until 8 pupil eclips$ him4 ,dr4 ,waag5 consid]s ! picture 9 ! s\? aisle ( ! ,frau5kir*e z "o ( ! be/ works n[ possess$ by 8 native city2 x repres5ts ,/4 ,gregory celebrat+ mass amid _m o!r sa9ts2 b ! m5 ( ,nrnb]g seem mo/ to value ^? 9 ! ,moritzkapelle1 & :i* he pa9t$ 9 #adhg = ! high alt> ( ! ,s*u/]kir*e1 at ! exp5se ( ! family ( ,p]+sdorf]4 ,!y repres5t v>i\s sa9ts life-size1 & are drawn ) mu* vig\r1 & col\r$ ) consid]able p[]2 ! outl9es are /rongly m>k$ 9 black1 & !y exhibit 8 full m]its4 ,we select ! figure ( ,/4 ,m>g>et z an example ( 8 /yle2 ! some:at con/ra9$ & angul> attitude ( ! "r arm c>ries ! m9d back to ! missal pa9t+s ( ! previ\s c5tury2 ! small1 p9*$1 & confus$ folds ( ! drap]y1 belong to ! ,g]man s*ool almo/ entirely2 & to x may be trac$ ,dr]'s errors 9 ?is p>ticul> portion ( art4 ,9 ! figure we h select$ f 8 works = comp>ison1 we see ! same peculi>1 8cr9kl$10 m9ute folds1 completely de/ructive ( dignity or bread?1 & untrue to nature3 b we see also a gr&eur ( g5]al conception1 & ! bold lead+ l9es ( ! composition unbrok5 by su* m9uti1 :i* are second>y to ! ma9 idea4 ,x repres5ts ,/4 ,anne 7! "m ( ! ,virg97 clasp+ h] h&s 9 angui% at ! refusal ( ! high prie/ to accept ! (f]+ ( h]self & husb& 9 ! temple at ,j]usalem1 & occurs 9 ! fir/ ( ,dr]'s s]ies ( woodcuts illu/rat+ ! life ( ! ,virg94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcb4--,/4 ,m>g>et1 aft] ,wohlgemu?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcc4--,/4 ,anne1 aft] ,dr]4 ,?is /rik+ peculi>ity ( treatm5t adopt$ by ! e>ly ,g]man arti/s 9 _! drap]ies1 0 once expla9$ to u by an old native arti/1 :o assur$ u t x 0 entirely caus$ by ! models = /udy :i* !y univ]sally employ$4 ,^! 7 small lay figures1 ov] :i* drap]ies 7 ca/ =m$ 9 wet pap]1 dispos$ accord+ to ! arti/'s fancy1 & all[$ to dry & set 9 ! rigid =m we see 9 _! pictures4 ,we h n[h]e met ) ?is key to ! mode ( /udy adopt$ by !m2 b x s completely accords ) ! "* ( _! draw+s1 & w\ld be s easy to atta9 9 ?is mat]ial1 & s difficult 9 any o!r1 t x seems to be> ! impress ( accuracy4 ,! "w ( ,wohlgemu?1 by :i* he is n[ mo/ famili>ly kn[n1 are ! illu/rations ( ! ,nrnb]g ,*ronicle1 ( ,h>tmann ,s*$el1 publi%$ 9 #adic1 :i* he execut$ 9 conjunction ) ,william ,pleyd5wurff4 ,?is once fam\s hi/ory is a folio1 full ( hi/oric le>n+1 & illu/rat$ by m ?an a ?\s& woodcuts1 _m ( :i* are v l>ge4 ,x w\ld appe> t ,pleyd5wurff execut$ ! views ( cities & m9or illu/rations1 & 8 great] fell[-lab\r] design$ & drew ^u ! wood ! hi/orical sc5es4 ,9 con=mity ) ! cu/om ( anci5t *ronicles1 ! hi/ory beg9s ) ! creation ( ! _w1 ! v>i\s incid5ts connect$ !re) be+ all del9eat$4 ,!re is consid]able inv5tion1 b great lack ( grace1 9 all ^! designs2 !y be>1 h[ev]1 /rong resemblances to ! lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ,wohlgemu?'s pa9t+s1 & !y are sup]ior to ! woodcuts t prec$$ him1 p>ticul>ly z reg>ds ! am\nt ( f9i% & *i>oscuro !y exhibit4 ,! e>lie/ woodcuts by ,dr] be> "s resemblance to ^! works1 & are 9 ! dry h>d /yle ( a ma/] :o evid5tly valu$ positive draw+ at a high] rate ?an ! bl&i%m5ts ( col\r2 ?is1 inde$1 has always be5 a *>act]i/ic ( ,g]man art4 ,! ?ree ye>s ( ,dr]'s pupilage hav+ expir$1 9 con=mity ) ! usual ,g]man cu/om1 he travell$ to see ! _w & improve himself4 ,( ! e>ly works ( 8 g5ius we h no c]ta9 trace4 ,t he 0 a good portrait pa9t] we may be assur$ by ! exam9ation ( 8 own picture 9 ! gall]y ( ! ,uffizi at ,flor5ce1 pa9t$ 9 #adih1 & t ( 8 fa!r1 9 ! ,p9aco!ck at ,muni*2 b e>li] *alk draw+s exi/1 %[+ 8 pr(ici5cy 9 ?is bran* ( art at ! age ( f\rte54 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 p]egr9ations 9 ,g]many he visit$ 8 bro!r arti/s1 return+ to 8 native city 9 #adid4 ,8 e>lie/ works on 8 return seem to h be5 designs on wood1 = 9 #adih appe>$ ! s]ies ( woodcuts1 illu/rat+ ! ,revelations ( ,/4 ,john4 ,dr4 ,kgl] says 8we %\ld reg>d !m z pro(s ( 8 activity 9 ! ye>s imm$iately prec$+2 su* at lea/ is ! case 9 simil> works4 ,9 ^! compositions ! arti/ has already atta9$ great & peculi> excell5ce1 b 9 ^!1 z might be expect$ f ! subject1 ! fanta/ic elem5t =ms ! gr\ndwork ( ! :ole4 ,^! my/ical subjects are conceiv$ 9 a s+ul>ly poetical _s2 ! wond]ful & mon/r\s meet u 9 liv+ bodily =ms4 ,"s ( !m exhibit a p[] ( repres5tation to ! eye1 & a gr&eur ( conception ! m surpris+1 s9ce ! %apeless exub]ance ( ! scriptural visions might easily h l$ ! arti/ a/ray1 z has inde$ frequ5tly happ5$ 9 ! case ( o!rs :o h attempt$ ^! subjects40 ,9 arti/ic effects ^! cuts are inf]ior to 8 latt] works1 & ! draw+ is sometimes m defective2 b 9 inv5tive p[] !y are ma/]-pieces1 & no arti/ be=e or s9ce has s successfully treat$ ^! my/]ies4 ,! reputation ( ,dr] 0 well-e/abli%$ by ^! cuts1 & gave him a good position 9 8 native t[n1 :i* he nev] left aft]w>ds1 except = a j\rney to ,v5ice 9 #aejf1 & to ! ,ne!rl&s 9 #aebj4 ,all ,dr]'s ta/es 7 ess5tially national1 if inde$ !y may n be said to be n>r[$ )9 ! circle ( ! t[n ( ,nrnb]g & its neighb\rhood4 ,he m>ri$ soon aft] 8 return2 & liv+ entirely at home1 prosecut$ 8 art ) unwe>i$ assiduity1 ! av>ice ( 8 wife urg+ /ill fur!r 8 con/ant lab\rs4 ,8 /udies seem to h be5 made f ! p ar\nd him1 or f ! sc5es :i* con/antly met 8 eye4 ,?us1 9 8 scripture pr9ts1 ! p ( ,nrnb]g & ! peasants ( ! neighb\rhood1 figure z repres5tatives ( ! anci5t ,jews4 ,/4 ,joseph is a ,nrnb]g c>p5t]1 & ! ,virg9 h]self seems to h be5 modell$ f "s fair maid5 ( ! city4 ,! /\t burgh]s1 :o witness ! happy meet+ ( ,/4 ,joa*im & ,anne at ! gold5 gate ( ! temple1 9 8 s]ies ( pr9ts illu/rative ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg91 are su* z ,dr] might h se5 daily loit]+ by ! t[] gate opposite 8 own w9d[s2 & ! mode/-look+ maid5 ) ! extravagantly fa%ionable head-dress1 :om he has introduc$ 9 8 8,m>riage ( ! ,virg910 has be5 absolutely copi$ f nature2 ! orig9al sket*1 made by 8 own h& f a ,nrnb]g damsel1 is pres]v$ ) _m simil> /udies by him 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,he 0 untir+ 9 8 conv]se ) nature z he saw x ar\nd him2 & ! m9utely c>eful sket*es :i* n[ enri* our national collection1 te/ify to 8 indu/ry & anxiety = tru? z ! basis ( 8 lab\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcd4--,view f ,dr]'s ,h\se4 ,! old t[n ( ,nrnb]g 0 em95tly picturesque1 & 0 enri*$ ) arti/ic works by ! be/ m5 ( ! day4 ,! weal? ( its inhabitants 0 exp5d$ on _! h\ses )9 & )\t1 & ! *ur*es 7 lavi%ly adorn$ ) pa9t+s & sculpture1 z well z ) o!r ri*es ( art connect$ ) ! s]vice ( religion4 ,9 its qua9t old /reets might be /udi$ ! fruits ( ! fai? & feel+ ( its inhabitants4 ,num]\s figures ( ! ,holy ,"m decorat$ ! /reet corn]s1 or 7 en%r9$ ov] ! portals ( ! doors ( ! m]*antm51 ! light burn+ be=e ea* s]v+ ! d\ble purpose ( religion & utility1 9 a city ( d>k tortu\s lanes4 ,! +5uity ( ! mason & sculptor 0 tax$ 9 v>i$ inv5tions = ! fur!r adornm5t ( ! homes ( ! weal?y2 & ! num]\s specim5s ( arti/ic ironwork /ill rema9+ atte/ ! ta/e & opul5ce ( ! m]*ant pr9ces ( ! old city4 ,art 0 ?us w$d$ to utility z well z to luxury1 & at e /ep 9 ,nrnb]g ! att5tion w /ill be arre/$ by its influ5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bce4--,! ,resid5ce ( ,alb]t ,dr]4 ,dr] liv$ 9 a l>ge mansion at "o extremity ( ! t[n1 close to ! gate f :5ce he c\ld 9 a few m9utes escape f ! p5t-up city to ! op5 fields4 ,8 h\se is "o ( ^? roomy build+s 9 :i* !re is en\gh timb] to build at lea/ a doz5 mod]n h\ses4 ,! l[] portion is /one1 ! upp]1 ) its op5 gall]ies1 ( wood4 ,! view f 8 doors embrac$ ! t[n gate1 & ! picturesque t[]1 kn[n z ! ,?i]g>t5?or1 beside x4 ,! h\se betwe5 t & ! n>r[ lane :i* leads up ! ca/le hill 0 ! prop]ty at t "t ( "o ,m>t9 ,ktzel1 :o1 hav+ twice employ$ himself 9 pilgrimages to ,j]usalem1 & 9 measur+ ! numb] ( paces ! ,savi\r trod on ! ,via ,dolorosa1 _h det]m9$ on 8 return to consid] 8 h\se z ! repres5tative ( ,pilate's h\se1 ! ,gate ( ,nrnb]g z t ( ,j]usalem1 ! *ur*y>d ( ,/4 ,john 9 ! fields beyond1 z ,calv>y1 & ! road betwe5 z ! ,via ,dolorosa1 & to cause repres5tations ( ! ev5ts ( ! ,savi\r's j\rney 9 ! l9e ( ?is road at ! v>i\s di/ances :]e !y 7 traditionally suppos$ to occur2 & ! *ief sculptor ( ,nrnb]g1 ,adam ,kraft1 0 employ$ to execute ! sculptures1 :i* /ill /& a monum5t ( ! piety ( ! old citiz51 ^: h\se 7kn[n by ! figure ( an arm$ knight at its angle7 is /ill famili>ly call$ 8,pilate's ,h\se40 ,"t has writt5 /range alt]ations on ^! old works1 & wanton injury has also be5 done to !m1 b !re /ill rema9s en\gh to %[ ! ability ( _! conception & execution4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcf4--,! ,himmel/hor1 ,nrnb]g ,ca/le4 ,! ca/le comprises ! some:at rambl+ s]ies ( build+s ( all ages1 /yles1 & dates1 :i* cr[n ! rock above4 ,! s+ul> mann] 9 :i* ?is isolat$ mass ( /one sudd5ly rises f ! s&y pla9 may h induc$ ! fir/ f\ndation ( ! city1 by ! secure locality x af=d$ ! ca/le ( a rul] 9 days ( old4 ,its e>ly hi/ory is %r\d$ 9 obscurity--"o ( its t[]s has be5 attribut$ to ! ,romans2 x c /ill %[ und\bt$ works ( ! n9? c5tury 9 ! *apels ( ,/s4 ,ottm> & ,m>g>et1 f :i* "t x receiv$ alt]ations & additions ( all k9ds1 end+ 9 leav+ x ! picturesque assemblage ( qua9t old build+s :i* x at pres5t rema9s4 ,! ,himmel/hor1 or 8t[] ( heav510 is ! "n giv5 to ! l>ge r\nd t[] :i* is built )9 ! ca/le prec9cts on ! highe/ po9t ( ! rock1 & :i*1 z its title implies1 so>s t[>d heav51 & =ms a prom95t feature 9 all views ( ,nrnb]g4 ,! panorama f its summit is s+ul>ly /rik+1 compris+ ! entire c\ntry = an imm5se di/ance r\nd4 ,! alt ,fe/e1 :]e ,wall5/e9 encamp$1 9 8 memorable def5ce ( ^! l9es & ( ! city :5 besieg$ by ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 ( ,sw$51 & ! blue hills kn[n z ! ,franconian ,switz]l&1 t]m9at+ ) ! ,moritzb]g1 give relief to ! o!rwise flat vic9ity4 ,?is t[] has be5 introduc$ 9 ! backgr\nd ( "s ( ,dr]'s designs1 z well z o!r portions ( ! ca/le4 ,! old t[n-walls also figure 9 ^? sc5es f ,holy ,writ he s frequ5tly design$4 ,! ana*ronisms :i* result f su* a mode ( realis+ sc5es 9 pa/ hi/ory 7 suffici5tly famili> 9 8 own day to save !m f all adv]se criticism2 inde$1 x _h become ! =mula ( e>ly art1 ?us to v]ify sacr$ ev5ts by adapt+ !m to ! exp]i5ces ( e-day life ar\nd1 to :i* x nev] appeal$ 9 va94 ,to compreh5d fully ! art ( any "o p]iod1 & ! tal5t ( any arti/ ( t p]iod1 we mu/ g back m5tally to ! "t 9 :i* he fl\ri%$1 & measure him by su* z _h prec$$ him4 ,9 ?is way alone c we =m a "r judgm5t ( 8 p[]s1 & aw>d him 8 due place 9 art4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcg4--;,entrance ,hall ( ,dr]'s ,h\se4 ,9 ! days ( ,alb]t ,dr] ! /reet 9 :i* he resid$ 0 kn[n z 8die ,zisselgasse20 x is n[ appropriately nam$ aft] ! great arti/ himself4 ,:5 he liv$ & work$ 9 8 roomy old mansion1 ,nrnb]g 0 n q s cr[d$ )9 its own walls z x has s9ce become by ! pressure ( mod]n exig5cies2 & ,dr]'s h\se appe>s to h _h out-build+s1 &1 mo/ probably1 a small g>d51 su* z 0 aw>d$ to bett]-class h\ses 9 m$ival times4 ,dr4 ,fr$]ick ,campe tells u t he b\ght1 9 #ahbf1 f ! proprietor ( ! h\se1 a balcony 9 :i* ,dr] work$ 9 summ] "t1 & :i* orig9ally mu/ h comm&$ "s %elt]$ space :]e9 a few trees might gr[4 ,! h\se has s9ce be5 pur*as$ by a society ( arti/s1 :o hon\r !mselves by t act1 & d hon\r to ,dr] by pres]v+ x z mu* z possible 9 ! /ate 9 :i* he left x1 & exhibit+ 8 works 9 ! rooms4 ,! int]ior ( ! h\se has und]gone "s r5ovation1 b x has be5 done cauti\sly1 & 9 /rict "* ) ! orig9al portions3 x *iefly consi/s ( new panell+ & new doors1 & !y are qua9tly c>v$ 9 ! /yle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! ext]nal door ( ! h\se /ill reta9s its old ironwork & lock fitt+s4#bab-99 ,we pass ?r\gh f ! /reet1 & ent] a roomy hall1 ) a wide passage on "o side1 & an equally wide /aircase on ! o!r1 :i* leads to ! upp] floors4 ,a pond]\s beam supports ! ceil+1 & a massive wood5 pill> props ! c5tre ( ?is beam4 ,! pr(usion ( timb]1 & abundance ( space accord$ to passages & /aircase1 are indicative ( pa/ times1 :5 wood 0 ( less value ?an x has s9ce become4 ,! floor on :i* ?is pill> re/s is flagg$ ) /ones2 a small p>l\r is to ! "r2 we pass x1 & midway 9 ! passage come to a l[ door lead+ into a small squ>e room1--x 0 ! /udio ( ,dr]4 8,"h1 :5 art 0 /ill religion1 ) a simple1 rev]5t he>t1 ,liv$ & lab\r$ ,alb]t ,dr]1 ! ,evangeli/ ( ,art40#bab- ,x is light$ f ! /reet by a long n>r[ w9d[ ab\t five feet f ! gr\nd ins]t$ 9 ! top ( an ar* 9 ! wall1 z se5 f ! inside1 b5ea? :i* is a %elf ( capaci\s bread?4 ,a small ri*ly-c>v$ alt>-piece is n[ plac$ )9 x1 & a few *airs4 ,x is a quiet seclud$ room1 hav+ no communication ) any o!r4 ,! top ( ! walls & turrets ( ! old t[n1 & a small pat* ( sky1 may be se5 by an upw>d glance at ! w9d[2 b !re is no feature to di/ract ! d5iz5 ( ! ap>tm5t3 x is a place = conc5tration ( m9d1 & su* mu/ h be5 ,dr]'s habits1 z ! enorm\s am\nt ( 8 works %[4 ,leav+ ?is room & proce$+ f>!r1 we rea* ! qua9tly con/ruct$ kit*51 ) its enorm\s fire-place half fill+ ! ap>tm5t4 ,! "o small w9d[ to ! /reet lets 9 a gleam ( light su* z ,rembr&t w\ld h admir$4 ,! ar*$ door is fitt$ ) a lock ( t peculi> =m & "* :i* assure ! spectator t x is ! h&work ( an +5i\s smi? ( ,dr]'s day2 its broad plate is decorat$ ) a simple ornam5t consi/+ ( ! fav\rite gn>l$ twigs & leaves1 s con/antly adopt$ 9 ,g]man decorations ( all k9ds1 at ! end ( ! fifte5?1 & dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,we leave ! gr\nd floor & asc5d ! wide /airs4 ,! front room on ! fir/ floor comm&s a pleasant view ( ! small ,platz opposite ! h\se1 z x fronts ! ,?i]g>t5?or1 & ! ca/l$ crag rises gr&ly ov] ! h\ses beside x4 ,! walls are panell$1 & ! beams across ! wood5 ceil+ *amf]$1 & slightly c>v$4 ,! aspect ( ! :ole room is /rik+1 & x is r5d]$ m impressive by ! _m examples ( ,dr]'s g5ius plac$ )9 x1 z well z ( o!rs by 8 ma/] ,wohlgemu?4 ,! woodcuts are fram$1 & comprise ! be/ examples ( bo? ma/]s2 !re is also an orig9al draw+ on vellum te/ify+ to ! m9ute accuracy ( ,dr]'s /udies4 ,x is ! figure ( a lion1 be>+ date #aeab1 drawn ) all t pati5t c>e :i* *>act]ises 8 transcripts f nature4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a l>ge volume conta9+ num]\s /udies = 8 pr9cipal works1 & x is a wond]ful record ( tru?-seek+ pati5ce1 z ! m9ute p>ts ( 8 designs appe> to h be5 drawn f nature z c>efully z if su* sket*es _h be5 p>ts ( a f9i%$ picture2 8 unwe>i$ assiduity 9 8 pr(ession has nev] be5 exce$$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bch4--;,dr]'s ,/udio4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bci4--,kit*5 9 ,dr]'s ,h\se4 ,nrnb]g conta9s few] ( ,dr]'s works ?an a /rang] might be l$ to expect4#bae-99 ,! pr9t-room ( our ,briti% ,museum1 ) its great numb] ( engrav+s & draw+s1 & its wond]ful sculpture 9 hone-/one by him1 is a f> bett] place to /udy ! works ( ?is arti/4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o "w ( s+ul> int]e/ pres]v$ 9 ! old city1 :i* is wor? a long j\rney to see4 ,x is ! portrait ( ! old ,nrnb]g patrician--,j]ome ,holzs*uh]1 ! fri5d & patron ( ! arti/4 ,x repres5ts a *e]ful1 heal?y man ov] ^: head fifty-sev5 ye>s h pass$ )\t dim9i%+ 8 fre%ness & buoyancy ( _s2 ! cle> complexion1 se>*+ eye1 & g5]al vig\r :i* *>act]ise ! features1 almo/ seem to contradict ! :ite hair t falls 9 ?ick masses ov] ! =ehead4 ,= fre%ness1 p[]1 & tru?1 ?is portrait may *all5ge comp>ison ) any ( its age4 ,"t has also dealt l5i5tly ) ! picture1 = x is z cle> & bright z ! day x 0 pa9t$1 & is c>efully pres]v$ 9 its orig9al frame1 into :i* a slid+ wood5 panel is made to fit & cov] x3 ! outside be+ emblazon$ ) ! armes p>lantes ( ! family ( ,holzs*uh]--a wood5 %oe1 rais$ f ! gr\nd 9 ! mann] ( ! ,v5etian *op9e4 ,! picture 0 pa9t$ 9 #aebf1 & 8comb9es10 says ,kgl]1 8! mo/ p]fect modell+ ) ! free/ h&l+ ( ! col\rs2 & is c]ta9ly ! mo/ beautiful ( all ?is ma/]'s portraits1 s9ce x pla9ly %[s h[ well he c\ld seize nature 9 h] happie/ mom5ts1 & repres5t h] ) irresi/ible p[]40 ,x /ill rema9s 9 ! possession ( ! ,holzs*uh] family1 & is locat$ 9 _! mansion at ! back ( ! ,egidi5kir*e1 :]e x is politely %[n to /rang]s on prop] application2 & %\ld ! visitor h ! advantage accord$ to ! writ]1 ( ! att5dance ( ! la/ repres5tative ( ! family1 he w see t ! same cle> eye & expressive features h also desc5d$ z a heir-loom 9 ! h\se4 ,x is at ,flor5ce1 ,vi5na1 & ,muni*1 t ,dr]'s pa9t+s are pr9cipally locat$4 ,! ,ca/le at ,nrnb]g possesses 8 portraits ( ! ,emp]ors ,*>lemagne & ,sigismund4 ,9 ! ,moritzkapelle is ! picture :i* he pa9t$ = ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,sebald 9 ,nrnb]g1 by ! ord] ( ,holzs*uh]4 ,x repres5ts ! dead ,savi\r j remov$ f ! cross1 & m\rn$ ov] by 8 "m & fri5ds4 ,x is peculi>ly brilliant 9 col\r1 & !re is consid]able =ce 9 ! deep ri* drap]ies ) :i* ! figures are clo!d1 b x has ! defect visible 9 ! works ( ,dr]'s ma/]--a love ( h>d black outl9es4 ,9 ?is picture ! faces1 h&s1 & feet are del9eat$ by l9es v slightly reliev$ by %ad[1 & rem9d+ ! spectator too mu* ( 8 woodcuts4 ,?is love = express+ firm outl9e is bett] adapt$ to su* works z 8 wall-pa9t+s 9 ! ,ra?haus1 or ,t[n-hall4 ,!y are execut$ on ! nor? wall ( ! gr& saloon1 & are divid$ by ! pr9cipal door lead+ f ! gall]y2 on "o side ( :i* is an allegory ( ! 8,unju/ ,judge0 7:i* =m$ "o ( ! s]ies ( moral broad%eets publi%$ by ,hans ,sa*s72 & a gr\p ( musicians 9 a gall]y1 probably repres5t+ ^? t belong$ to ! t[n2 on ! o!r side ( ! door ! entire l5g? ( ! wall is occupi$ by ! allegorical triumphal c> ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian ,i41 a "w :i* ,dr] copi$ on wood 9 a s]ies ( l>ge cuts1 publi%$ 9 #aebb4 ,9 a fanciful c>1 drawn by _m horses1 sits ! emp]or 9 regal /ate1 att5d$ by all ! virtues & attributes :i* may be suppos$ to wait on moral royalty4 ,! v nature ( su* a "w is beset ) difficulties1 & x is seldom t any arti/ has entirely surm\nt$ !m4 ,/ate allegories pres5t small fasc9ations to any b ! /atesman glorifi$2 b ,dr4 ,kgl] 9 8 criticism ( ?is "w1 :ile he ackn[l$ges its defects1 is prep>$ to say t "s ( ! figures 8display motives ( extraord9>y beauty1 su* z might h proce$$ f ! graceful simplicity ( ,raphael40#bah-99 ,?is pa9t+ has suff]$ f "t1 & 8re/oration20 ! design may be be/ /udi$ 9 ! woodcut made f x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdj4--;,h\se ( ,mel*ior ,pf9tz+4 ,! ,emp]or ,maximilian 0 a great patron ( ! arts1 b p>ticul>ly ( t bran* :i* _h newly aris5--! art ( wood-engrav+--:i* he fo/]$ ) cont9ual c>e1 & by ! help ( su* m5 z ,dr]1 ,burgmey]1 ,s*auffle91 & ,crana*1 produc$ works :i* h nev] be5 excell$4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 ext5d+ ov] ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 a s]ies ( elaborate woodcuts 7 execut$ "u 8 own auspices1 :i* 71 h[ev]1 pr9cipally devot$ to 8 own glorification4 ,two ( ^! are ! well-kn[n 8,adv5tures ( ,sir ,?u]dank10 & 8,! ,wise ,k+10 writt5 9 pond]\s folios aft] ! fa%ion ( ! old romances1 by ,mel*ior ,pf9tz+1 :o resid$ 9 ! old p>sonage h\se ( ,/4 ,sebald 7he be+ a canon ( t *ur*71 a picturesque build+ on ! slop+ gr\nd beside x1 :i* rises upw>d to ! ,s*lossb]g1 & :i* /ill reta9s ! aspect x bore 9 8 days2 its beautiful oriel & op5 balcony /ill te/ify to ! ta/e ( m$ival ar*itects4 ,x is b a %ort di/ance f ,dr]'s h\se1 & he mu/ h frequ5tly visit$ "h4 ,"h also1 came ! emp]or to exam9e ! progress ( ^! works3 & ! great int]e/ he took 9 sup]9t5d+ !m has be5 record$2 = x is said t dur+ ! "t :5 ,j]ome ,retzs* 0 engag$ 9 engrav+ on wood ! triumphal c> f ! draw+ by ,dr]1 ! emp]or 0 almo/ a daily visitant to 8 h\se4 ,?is anecdote may naturally lead "h to ! consid]ation ( ! "q--did ,dr] engrave ! cuts :i* be> 8 "n1 or did he only draw !m ^u ! wood = ! engrav]8 ,x is g5]ally consid]$ t all cuts be>+ an arti/'s m>k are engrav$ by t arti/1 b ?is is 9 reality an error result+ f mod]n practice4 ,x is n[ ! cu/om = wood-engrav]s to place _! names or m>ks on _! cuts1 & v seldom ^? ( ! arti/s :o draw ! designs = !m ^u ! wood4 ,x 0 ! rev]se 9 ! old "t2 !n x 0 usual to place t ( ! design] alone1 & z he drew ^u wood e l9e to be engrav$1 aft] ! mann] ( a p5-&-ink draw+1 ! engrav] _h little else to d ?an cut ! wood f betwe5 ! spaces3 h5ce 8 art 0 a v me*anical "o1 & 8 "n 0 seldom record$4 ,t ( ,retzs* does n appe> on ! c> j nam$1 b ! m>k ( ,dr] solely2 & :5 we consid] ! va/ am\nt ( lab\r p]=m$ by ,dr] z an arti/1 x is n likely t he wa/$ "t 9 ! me*anical lab\r ( cutt+ out 8 own draw+s :5 he c\ld employ x m pr(itably4 ,! ,b>on ,d]s*au1 himself a collector ( old cuts1 assur$ ,dr4 ,dibd9 8t he once possess$ a j\rnal ( ,dr]'s1 f :i* x appe>$ t he 0 9 ! habit ( draw+ ^u ! blocks1 & t 8 m5 p]=m$ ! rema9+ op]ation ( cutt+ away ! wood40 ,b>ts* is decid$ly ( op9ion 8t he _h nev] employ$ himself 9 ?is k9d ( "w40 ,mr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,*atto1 9 8 anonym\s 8,hi/ory ( ,wood ,engrav+10 has gone into ?is "q ) mu* rese>* & le>n+1 & comes to ! same conclusion2 :i* is /r5g!n$ by ! fact1 t ! names ( f\rte5 engrav]s1 & ! initials ( sev]al o!rs1 7 f\nd engrav$ on ! backs ( ! cuts !y execut$ = ! 8,triumph ( ,maximilian10 n[ pres]v$ 9 ! imp]ial libr>y at ,vi5na2 ! names ( o!rs are incid5tally pres]v$2 & among ! draw+s by ,dr] 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 is "o ( a "y lady1 :om he has designat$ 8wood engrav]10 & :o 0 mo/ probably employ$ by him4 ,!re is also a suffici5t diff]5ce 9 ! /yle & mann] ( cutt+ 8 designs1 :i* %[s !y mu/ h be5 done by diff]5t h&s4 ,x is n possible to note "h a ti! ( ! cuts done f 8 draw+s4#bba-99 ,8 great s]ials are ! 8,apocalypse10 publi%$ 9 #adih1 ! two s]ies ( ! 8,passion ( ,*ri/10 & ! 8,life ( ! ,virg90 7f :i* we give a specim51 ,fig4 #bda1 8,*ri/ bidd+ ,f>ewell to 8 ,"m071 all publi%$ 9 #aeaa4 ,8 l>ge/ woodcut 0 publi%$ 9 #aeae1 ! 8,triumphal ,ar* ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian10 & ?is1 l ! c> already allud$ to1 0 engrav$ on a s]ies ( n9ety-two wood blocks1 & !n ! impressions pa/$ toge!r1 =m+ a l>ge pr9t t5 feet high4 ,x is a "w ( great lab\r1 & displays consid]able inv5tion4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bda4--;,*ri/ bidd+ f>ewell to 8 ,"m4 ,( ,dr]'s p[]s z a pa9t] we h already spok52 b he excell$ also z an engrav] on copp]1 & 8 pr9ts ( 8,adam & ,eve10 8,melan*olia10 & ! small 8,life ( ,*ri/10 h n be5 surpass$4 ,to him also we owe ! inv5tion ( et*+2 he practis$ ! art on iron & on copp]1 & x is impossible to ov]value its utility4 ,9 addition to 8 o!r lab\rs he execut$ sev]al pieces ( sculpture1 "o ( :i*1 ! 8,nam+ ( ,john ! ,bapti/10 we h already allud$ to z pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & "s few o!rs 9 hone-/one1 be>+ 8 well-kn[n m>k1 exi/4 ,he also wrote on ,art1 & a portion ( ! orig9al manuscripts ( 8 book on ! proportions ( ! human figure1 is /ill pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( ! old ,dom9ican mona/]y at ,nrnb]g4 ,he 0 a good ma!matician1 he also /udi$ eng9e]+1 & is believ$ to h design$ & sup]9t5d$ ! additional =tifications 9 ! t[n walls beside ! ca/le1 :i* are rem>kable z ! e>lie/ examples ( ! m mod]n sy/em ( def5ce1 :i* orig9at$ 9 ! s\? ( ,europe1 & ) :i* ,dr] became acqua9t$ dur+ 8 soj\rn 9 ,v5ice1 & ! fruits ( :i* he ?us practically br\ght to ! s]vice ( 8 native city4#bbc-99 ,he publi%$ too an essay on ! =tification ( t[ns4 ,9 fact1 !re 7 few subjects to :i* 8 m9d 0 direct$ t he did n make himself complete ma/] (4 ,?us liv$ & lab\r$ ,dr] 9 ! city ( 8 adoption1 /udy+ nature mo/ dilig5tly1 & comb9+ !re) high imag9+s ( 8 own4 ,9 #aejf he und]took a j\rney to ,v5ice1 & its influ5ce improv$ him greatly4 ,9 ! lett]s he wrote on ?is j\rney to 8 intimate fri5d ,pirkheim] he ackn[l$ges ?is2 9 "o ( !m he decl>es 8! ?+s :i* pleas$ me elev5 ye>s ago please me no long]40 ,he also notes ! popul>ity :i* _h prec$$ him1 & says1 8! ,italian arti/s c\nt]feit my works 9 ! *ur*es & :]ev] else !y c f9d !m1 & yet !y blame !m1 & decl>e t z !y are n 9 accordance ) anci5t art !y are wor?less40#bbc- ,b ?\gh subject$ to ! slights ( ! unwor?y1 ,dr] gratefully records ! nobl] acts ( nobl] m51 & notes t ,giovanni ,bell9i publicly prais$ him be=e _m g5tlem51 8s t ,i am full ( affection = him40 ,?is noble old man did n conf9e 8 acts to praise alone1 b came to ,dr]'s lodg+ & reque/$ him to pa9t him a picture1 z he 0 desir\s to possess "o ( 8 works1 & he w\ld pay lib]ally = x4 ,dr] at ?is "t 0 f> f ri*1 0 m]ely pay+ 8 way by ! practice ( 8 art2 & ! small sums ( money he notes z s5d+ = ! use ( 8 wife & wid[$ "m 9 ,nrnb]g1 suffici5tly atte/ ?is1 z well z 8 reque/ to ,pirkheim] to help !m ) loans :i* he w\ld repay4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdb4--;,gate ( ,pirkheim]'s ,h\se4 ,pirkheim]'s "n is s intimately connect$ ) ,dr]1 & he rema9$ ?r\gh\t 8 life s /eady & consi/5t a fri5d1 t no memoir ( ,dr] c be writt51 h[ev] briefly1 )\t 8 "n appe>+4 ,he 0 a man ( consid]able weal? & influ5ce 9 ,nrnb]g1 a memb] ( ! ,imp]ial ,c\ncil1 & frequ5tly employ$ 9 /ate affairs4 ,he _h x1 !re=e1 9 8 p[] to aid ,dr] greatly2 he did s1 & ,dr] return$ x ) a gratitude :i* rip5$ to affection1 he decl>es 9 "o ( 8 lett]s t he _h 8no o!r fri5d b him on e>?10 & he 0 equally atta*$ to ,dr]4 ,! con/ant int]c\rse & k9dly advices ( 8 fri5d 7 ! few happy relaxations ,dr] enjoy$4 ,pirkheim] 0 a le>n$ man1 & *e]ful )al1 z 8 faceti\s book 8,laus ,podagr10 or ! 8,praise ( ! ,g\t10 c te/ify4 ,! h\se 9 :i* he resid$ is /ill po9t$ out 9 ! ,egidi5 ,platz2 x has und]gone alt]ations1 b ! old doorway rema9s intact1 ?r\gh :i* ,dr] mu/ h frequ5tly pass$ to consult 8 fri5d4 8,:at is m t\*+ 9 ! hi/ory ( m5 ( g5ius ?an t deep & con/ant atta*m5t !y h %[n to _! e>ly patrons80 asks ,mrs4 ,jameson4#bbe-99 ,h[ _m m5 h be5 immortalis$ by fri5d%ips ( ?is k9d2 h[ _m ( ! greate/ be5 r5d]$ great] & happi] !reby8 ,:5 ! ,elector ,john ,fr$]ick ( ,saxony met ) 8 rev]ses 9 #aedg1 0 driv5 f 8 palace1 & 0 imprison$ = five ye>s1 ! pa9t] ,lucas ,crana*1 :om he _h patronis$ 9 8 days ( prosp]ity1 %>$ 8 adv]sity & 8 prison ) him1 giv+ up 8 lib]ty to console 8 pr9ce by 8 *e]ful society1 & div]t+ 8 m9d by pa9t+ pictures 9 8 company4 ,he ?us light5$ a captivity & turn$ a prison into a home ( art & fri5d%ip2 ?us ! k9dness & condesc5sion ( a pr9ce 7 return$ 9 m value 8?an mu* f9e gold10 9 ! bitt] h\r ( 8 adv]sity1 by 8 humble b w>m-he>t$ arti/-fri5d4 ,t bro!rly unity :i* ought to b9d pr(essional m5 ( all k9ds--isolat$ z !y mu/ be f ! g5]al _w--0 m ( a necessity 9 ! pa/ "t ?an 9 ! pres5t2 & ! arti/s =m$ a little b& ( fri5ds )9 ! walls ( anci5t ,nrnb]g1 consult+ ) & aid+ ea* o!r4 ,! peculi>ity ( ?\ght & t5d5cy ( habit :i* con/itute ! vitality ( ! arti/-m9d1 are altoge!r unappreciat$ by ! g5]al _w2 completely misund]/ood1 & mo/ frequ5tly contemn$ by m5 ( a trad+ _s1 :o look ^u arti/s z 8ecc5trics10 ^u art z a 8poor bus9ess10 & judge ( pictures solely by _! 8m>ket value40 ,^! ?+s %\ld b9d pr(essors m /rongly toge!r4 ,_! numb]s are few2 _! "t = socialities limit$2 _! _w a small select circle2 few c sympa?ise ) _! c>es or _! m exquisite s5sibilities2 !y mu/1 !re=e1 be cont5t ) ! few ^: m9ds respond to !irs1 & !y ought n to make ! n>r[ circle n>r[]1 by unwor?y jeal\sies or capti\s criticism4 ,well w\ld x be = u all1 & inf9itely bett] = ! _w ( art1 if we practis$ /ill m 8,^? g5tl] *>ities :i* draw ,man clos] ) 8 k9d1 ,^? sweet humilities :i* make ,! music :i* !y f9d40#bbg-99 ,dr] 0 ess5tially a man to love4 ,8 nature 0 k9dly & op52 he knew no envy1 & 0 nev] kn[n to condemn ! "w ( ano!r arti/1--:i*1 if bad1 he w\ld only criticise ) a smile1 & a 8,well6 ! ma/] has done 8 be/40 ,8 g5]al in=mation 0 s good1 t x 0 decl>$ ( him by a contempor>y1 t 8 p[] z an arti/ 0 8 lea/ qualification4 ,8 p]sonal appe>ance 0 dignifi$1 & 8 face em95tly h&some4#bbg- ,yet1 ) all ^! means ( be+ happy1 & mak+ o!rs s1 few m5 endur$ m mis]y4 ,9 an evil h\r 8 family made a mat* = him 9 ! h\sehold ( ,hans ,frei1 ^: daught] ,agnes he m>ri$1 & sc>cely knew peace aft]4 ,%e 0 a he>tless1 selfi% woman1 :o c\ld h no feel+ 9 common ) h] husb&1 & :o only valu$ 8 art accord+ to ! money x realis$4 8,%e urg$ him to lab\r day & night solely to e>n money1 ev5 at ! co/ ( 8 life1 t he might leave x to h]10 says ,pirkheim]1 9 "o ( 8 lett]s to ,ts*]te1 _! mutual fri5d ! ,vi5nese ar*itect4 ,all 8 fri5ds %e insult$ & drove f ! h\se1 9 ord] t _! visits might n int]f]e ) 8 lab\rs4 ,8 ag$ "m1 :om he _h tak5 into 8 h\se aft] 8 fa!r's dea?1 0 subject to contempt & ill-treatm5t4 ,8 lett]s f ,v5ice are sad1 & %[ no pleasant home-?\ghts4 ,yet he did mu* = ! bad woman to :om he 0 w$d$1 & seems to h ?\ght ( h] gratification by num]\s pres5ts4 ,8 amiable he>t w\ld n all[ him to sep>ate f h]1 ?us he bore h] ill hum\rs = 8 life1 & pati5tly endur$ 8 lot4#bbh-99 ,!re 7 few m5 m adapt$ to make a woman happy ?an ,dr]3 he _h a h&some p]son1 mu* fame1 good fri5ds1 great tal5t1 & ! mo/ k9dly amiability2 b 8 wife 0 p]haps ! wor/ on record1 on :om all ?is 0 ?r[n away4 ,yet %e 0 ( v religi\s habit1 & pres]v$ all ! ext]nals ( propriety2 b1 z ,pirkheim] obs]ves1 8"o w\ld r *oose a woman :o conducts h]self 9 an agreeable mann]1 ?an a fretful1 jeal\s1 scold+ wife1 h[ev] dev\t %e may be40 ,bani%$ f ! society ( fri5ds1 ,dr]'s only solace 0 9 8 art4 ,"h only he f\nd peace & pleasure4 ,h[ e>ne/ly & deeply he lab\r$1 ! long catalogue ( 8 productions c prove4 ,! tru?fulness ( 8 /yle is %[n 9 8 pati5t /udies f nature1 & 8 works are ! reflex ( su* a habit4 ,! figure ( ! burly t[nsman ( ,j]usalem :o lifts 8 cap 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( ,joa*im & ,anna1 z !y meet at ! ,gold5 ,gate1 9 8 illu/rations ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg9 7,fig4 #bdc71 may be cit$ = its homely tru?1 a *>act]i/ic :i* runs ?r\gh all ,dr]'s works1 & gives !m a c]ta9 navet4 ,! figure is an evid5t /udy ( an hone/ t[nsman ( ,nrnb]g1 & is z little l an anci5t ,jew z possible1 ?\gh admirable z a transcript f nature4 ,( f> high] ord] are ! figures ( ! apo/les1 ,john1 ,pet]1 ,m>k1 & ,paul1 :i* he pa9t$ 9 #aebf1 & pres5t$ to 8 native city4#bbi-99 ,we engrave ! figure ( ,paul1 ! drap]y ( :i* is simple & maje/ic4 ,a /udy = ?is drap]y1 made z e>ly z #aebc1 is 9 ! collection ( ! ,ar*duke ,*>les ( ,au/ria4 ,9 ^! pictures1 :i* are pa9t$ ( life-size1 he has ex]t$ 8 utmo/ ability1 & es*ew$ any peculi>ities ( 8 own :i* might int]f]e ) ! greatness ( 8 design4 8,^! pictures are ! fruit ( ! deepe/ ?\ght :i* !n /irr$ ! m9d ( ,dr]1 & are execut$ ) ov]p[]+ =ce4 ,f9i%$ z !y are !y =m ! fir/ complete "w ( art produc$ by ,prote/antism4#bbi- ,:at dignity & sublimity p]vade ^? heads ( su* v>i$ "*6#bcj-99 ,:at simplicity & maje/y 9 ! l9es ( ! drap]y6 :at sublime & /atue-l repose 9 _! attitudes6 ,"h we no long] f9d any di/urb+ elem5t3 !re are no small angul> breaks 9 ! folds1 no arbitr>y or fanta/ic features 9 ! c\nt5ances1 or ev5 9 ! fall ( ! hair4 ,! col\r+ too is v p]fect1 true to nature 9 its p[] & w>m?4 ,!re is sc>cely any trace ( ! bright glaz+1 or ( ^? %>ply def9$ =ms se5 9 o!r works by him1 b ev]y:]e a free pure impa/o4 ,well might ! arti/ n[ close 8 eyes1 he _h 9 ?is picture atta9$ ! summit ( 8 art--"h he /&s side by side ) ! greate/ ma/]s kn[n 9 hi/ory40#bca-99 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdc4--;,figure f ,dr]'s ,life ( ! ,virg94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdd4--,/4 ,paul1 aft] ,dr]4 ,( ! great contempor>ies ( ,dr]--^: works h giv5 undy+ celebrity to ! old t[n ( _! resid5ce--we mu/ n[ disc\rse a little4 ,hon\r$ z ^! works /ill are by ! ,nrnb]g]s1 !y are little kn[n out ( ,g]many2 al?\gh1 z exempl>s ( art 9 g5]al at ! p>ticul> p]iod :5 !y 7 execut$1 !y may *all5ge _! due position any:]e4 ,! mo/ rem>kable is ! bronze %r9e ( ,/4 ,sebald1 ! "w ( ,pet] ,vis*] & 8 five sons1 :i* /ill /&s 9 all its beauty 9 ! elegant *ur* d$icat$ to ! sa9t4 ,! %r9e encloses1 amid ! mo/ florid ,go?ic ar*itecture1 ! oak5 *e/ encas$ ) silv] plates1 conta9+ ! body ( ! v5]at$ sa9t2 ?is re/s on an alt> decorat$ ) basso-relievos1 depict+ 8 miracles4#bca- ,! ar*itectural portion ( ?is exquisite %r9e p>takes ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,r5aissance =ms engraft$ on ! m$ival1 by ! influ5ce ( ,italian art4 ,inde$1 ! latt] s*ool is visible z ! lead+ ag5t ?r\gh\t ! entire composition4 ,! figures ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les & o!rs plac$ ar\nd x1 sc>cely seem to belong to ,g]man art3 !y are q wor?y ( ! be/ ,trans-alp9e ma/]4 ,! gr&eur1 bread? & repose ( ^! wond]ful /atues _c be excell$4 ,vis*] seems to h completely fre$ 8 m9d f ! conv5tionalities ( 8 native s*ools3 we h "h none ( ! con/ra9$ 8crumpl$ drap]ies10 ! home-/udies = face & =m1 s /rik+ly pres5t 9 ne>ly all ! works ( art ( ?is era2 b noble figures ( ! m5 elevat$ above ! e>?ly /&>d by companion%ip ) ! ,savi\r1 exhibit+ _! high de/9y by a noble be>+1 wor?y ( ! solemn & glori\s duties !y 7 devot$ to fulfil4 ,we gaze on ^! figures z we d on ! works ( ,giotto & ,fra ,angelico1 until we feel human nature may lose ne>ly all ( its debasem5ts be=e ! 8mortal coil0 is 8%uffl$ (f10 & t m5tal goodness may %9e ?r\gh & glorify its e>?ly tab]nacle1 & give an assurance 9 "t pres5t ( ! sup]iorities ( an h]eaft]4 ,dead1 inde$1 mu/ be ! s\l t c gaze on su* works unmov$1 appeal+ z !y d to our noble/ aspirations1 & v9dicat+ humanity f its fall5 position1 by ass]t+ its innate1 lat5t glories4 ,"h we feel ! tru? ( ! scriptural phrase--8,9 8 own image made ,he !m40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bde4--,%r9e ( ,/4 ,sebald4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdf4--,pet] ,vis*]'s ,h\se4 ,! memory ( ,pet] ,vis*] is des]v$ly hon\r$ by 8 t[nsm54 ,! /reet 9 :i* 8 h\se is situat$1 l t 9 :i* ,dr]'s /&s1 has lo/ its orig9al "n1 & is n[ only kn[n z 8,pet] ,vis*]'s ,/rasse20 b ^! two arti/s are ! only ones ?us di/+ui%$4#bcd-99 ,vis*] 0 born 9 #adfj1 & di$ 9 #aebi4 ,he 0 employ$ by ! w>d5 ( ,/4 ,sebald's1 & magi/rate ( ,nrnb]g1 ,sebald ,s*rey]1 to con/ruct ?is "w 9 hon\r ( 8 patron sa9t2 he began x 9 #aejf1 & f9i%$ x 9 #aeai4 ,?irte5 ye>s ( lab\r 7 ?us devot$ to its completion1 = :i* he receiv$ sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty flor9s4 8,accord+ to tradition1 ,vis*] 0 mis]ably paid = ?is great "w ( lab\r & art2 & he has himself record$ 9 an inscription ^u ! monum5t1 t #8he complet$ x = ! praise ( ,god ,almighty alone1 & ! hon\r ( ,/4 ,sebald1 ,pr9ce ( ,heav51 by ! aid ( pi\s p]sons1 paid by _! volunt>y contributions4'0#bce-99 ,! elaboration ( ! entire "w is m>vell\s2 x ab\nds ) fanciful figures1 sev5ty-two 9 numb]1 dispos$ among ! ornam5ts1 or act+ z support]s to ! g5]al composition4 ,syr5s hold c&elabra at ! angles2 & ! c5tre has an air ( s+ul> lightness & grace4 ,x is support$ at ! base by huge snails4 ,at ! we/]n end !re is a small bronze /atue ( ,vis*]1 :i* we copy 7,fig4 #bdg73 he holds 8 *isels 9 8 h&1 & 9 8 workman's dress1 ) capaci\s1 lea!r apron1 /&s unaffect$ly =? z a true1 hone/ lab\r]1 appeal+ only to su* sympa?ies z are ju/ly due to "o :o lab\r$ s lov+ly & s well4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdg4--,pet] ,vis*]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdh4--;,adam ,krafft's ,sacram5t%ausle94 ,%>+ ! palm ) ,vis*] = p]fect ma/]y 9 sculpture 7! "o z a work] 9 metal1 ! o!r 9 /one7 /&s ,adam ,krafft1 ^: works are /ill ! pr9cipal ornam5ts ( ! city4 ,to him 7 8 fell[-t[nsm5 indebt$ = ! gr& gate ( ! ,frau5kir*e1 ! s]ies ( sculptures on ! 8,via ,dolorosa10 num]\s o!rs 9 ! *ur*es & public build+s1 b pr9cipally = ! 8,sacram5t%ausle910 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,laur5ce 7,fig4 #bdh74 ,?is m>vell\s "w is plac$ aga9/ a pill> beside ! high alt>1 & is int5d$ z a receptacle = ! consecrat$ bread & w9e 9 its s]vice2 a small gall]y runs r\nd ! l[] portion1 9 :i* ! 8ho/0 is kept2 ov] ?is ! sculpture asc5ds upw>ds 9 a s]ies ( tap]+ columns & foliage ( ! mo/ light & fanciful description1 until x rea*es ! spr+ ( ! ar*$ ro(1 :]e ! cr[n+ p9nacle 8b[s its beautiful head l ! sn[drop on its /em10 9 ! curve ( ! ar*1 gracefully complet+ a "w :i*1 = orig9ality1 delicacy1 & ! mo/ extraord9>y elaboration ( design1 is a p]fect m>vel ( /one-c>v+4 ,! foliations are s fl[+ & delicate1 t x has giv5 rise to a popul> tradition t ,krafft 0 possess$ ( "s secret = mak+ /one pla/ic4 ,we h no?+ s delicate 9 ?is c\ntry1 unless x be "s ( ! leaflets on ! ,p]cy %r9e1 & scre5 ( ,bev]ley ,m9/]4 ,krafft's leaves are z ?9 & delicate1 z crisp & free1 z if m\ld$ f nature 9 pla/] ( ,p>is1 :ile ! gr& curves ( 8 ornam5tal adjuncts are a/oni%+1 :5 we reflect on ! mass ( /one necess>ily cut away to produce ^! boldly-fl[+ enri*m5ts4 ,krafft 0 born at ,ulm 9 #adcj1 & di$ #aejg4 ,8 fa!r 0 ! pr9t]1 ,ulri* ,krafft4 ,he comm5c$ ?is "w 9 ! ye> #adif1 & complet$ x 9 #aejj4 ,9 x we see ! p]fect ma/]y produc$ by a life ( lab\r1 & 9 front ( x he has sculptur$ 8 own effigy1 kneel+1 mallet 9 h&1 & support+ 8 fav\rite "w4 ,!re is a t\*+ simplicity 9 ?is union ( ! arti/ & 8 lab\rs1 made 9 ^! in/ances all ! m impressive by its utt] want ( pret5sion4 ,!re is no affectation--no /udi$ arti/ic or classical portray+2 we h simply ! man & 8 "w be=e u1 appeal+ by _! dumb native eloqu5ce to t homage & love1 :i* are _! due by _! own inh]5t greatness4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdi4--;,adam ,krafft4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bej4--,! ,goose-sell]4 ,t works bas$ on tru? & nature w always possess ?is p[]1 may be prov$ by ! admiration be/[$ on a small "w by a pupil ( ,vis*]'s1 :i* is popul>ly lov$ by ! ,nrnb]g]s1 & kn[n z 8,das ,gnsemn*50 7,fig4 #bej74 ,x =ms ! c5tral figure ( a small f\nta9 beside ! ,frau5kir*e1 & repres5ts a c\ntry boor lean+ aga9/ a small pill>1 ) a goose "u ea* arm1 wait+ a cu/om] 9 ! m>ket2 f ! m\? ( ea* goose a /ream ( wat] desc5ds4 ,! figure is n m ?an eighte5 in*es high1 & is1 f ! smallness ( its size1 comp>$ ) ! greatness ( its celebrity1 a g5]al disappo9tm5t to ^? :o see x = ! fir/ "t4 ,x rivals 9 celebrity ! "w ( ,vis*] himself1 & 0 execut$ by 8 s*ol>1 ,pancratius ,lab5wolf 7born #adib1 di$ #aefc72 ! f\nta9 9 ! quadrangle ( ! 8,ra?haus0 is also by him4 ,! ,goose-sell] owes its popul>ity to its p]fect tru? & simplicity4 ,ano!r arti/ ( ?is era1 inf]ior to none 9 ta/e & delicacy ( s5tim5t1 0 ,veit ,/oss4 ,he 0 a native ( ,pol&1 born at ,crac[ 9 #addg2 mak+ ,nrnb]g ! city ( 8 adoption1 & dy+ !re 9 #aedb4bdj-99 ,! same exquisite grace & purity :i* *>act]ises ! works ( ,vis*] is se5 9 ^? ( ,/oss4 ,he devot$ himself to sculpture 9 wood1 & 9 ?is way is said to h furni%$ models to ^? :o work$ 9 /one1 z well z to goldsmi?s1 & o!r artisans :o requir$ designs4 8,! ,cr[n+ ( ! ,virg910 /ill pres]v$ 9 ! old ca/le at ,nrnb]g1 _h all ! delicacy & grace ( ! missal pa9t+s ( ,julio ,clovio4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bea4--8,! ,nativity10 by ,veit ,/oss4 ,!re is an exquisite repose ab\t 8 works1 only to be ga9$ by great ma/]%ip 9 art4 ,at times a t5d]ness ( s5tim5t s+ul>ly beautiful is app>5t 9 ^! too-mu*-=gott5 works4 ,we engrave1 z an illu/ration ( ?is1 "o ( ! comp>tm5ts ( ! 8,ros5kranztafel10 pres]v$ 9 ! same locality1 & repres5t+ ! 8,nativity40 ,! ,virg9 9 ! /able at ,be?lehem1 pi\sly rejoices 9 ! bir? ( ! ,"l1 & is ab\t to wrap ! sacr$ infant 9 ! folds ( h] own g>m5ts1 hav+ no o!r clo?+4 ,%e has rev]5tly laid ! babe 9 a corn] ( h] mantle1 :51 p5etrat$ ) a s5se ( ! div9ity1 %e clasps h] h&s 9 pray] be=e ! ,infant ,savi\r2 :ile h] husb& ,joseph1 :o holds ! lant]n beside h]1 feel+ ! same emotion1 drops on "o knee1 & rev]5tly lifts 8 hat 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( ! ,immortal ,"o4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #beb4--8,! ,entombm5t10 by ,adam ,krafft4 ,x is ?is f]v5t devotion1 ?is pure1 high1 yet simple-m9d$ness1 :i* gives vitality to anci5t works ( art1 & is to be felt by all :o are n ins5sible to its ag5cy 9 ! "t pres5t4 ,ano!r t\*+ incid5t is se5 9 ! sculpture by ,adam ,krafft ov] ! grave ( ,s*rey]1 repres5t+ 8,! ,entombm5t40#bdc-99 ,! dead body ( our ,savi\r is be+ rev]5tly lift$ into ! tomb2 ! sorr[+ "m1 lov+ z only mo!rs love1 p>tially supports ! w\nd$ body ( h] inanimate son2 9 process ( movem5t ! ,savi\r's head falls languidly on "o side1 & ! dead *eek is aga9 greet$ ) ! f]v5t kiss ( love1 :i* /ill burns 9 ! brea/ ( ! sorr[+ "m4 ,:o %all rudely criticise ! p]spective1 ! drap]ies1 ! abs5ce ( 8s*ola/ic rule10 9 ?is t\*+ "w ( a true-he>t$ man8 ,n ! writ] ( ^! l9es6 ,let x be r 8 prov9ce to v9dicate = ^! old arti/s _! due position1 among ! few =m+ t galaxy ( ! great & good1 elevat+ & adorn+ human nature4 ,our p>t+ glance at 8! ,a!ns ( ,g]many0 mu/ compreh5d a view ( ! life & mann]s ( ! p among :om ,dr] & 8 compatriots liv$4 ,!irs 7 ! palmy days ( ! old city1 = its glories rapidly fell to decay t[>d ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,its aspect n[ is t ( a place ( dignity & importance left to lonel9ess & ! quiet we> ( "t2 l an antique mansion ( a noble n q all[$ to decay1 b m]ely exi/+ %orn ( its full glories4 8,nrnb]g--) its long1 n>r[1 w9d+1 involv$ /reets1 its precipit\s asc5ts & desc5ts1 its completely ,go?ic physiognomy--is by f> ! /range/ old city ,i ev] beheld2 x has reta9$ 9 e "p ! aspect ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,no two h\ses resemble ea* o!r3 yet1 diff]+ 9 =m1 9 col\r1 9 height1 9 ornam5t1 all h a family lik5ess2 & ) _! peak$ & c>v$ gables1 & project+ c5tral balconies1 & pa9t$ fronts1 /& up 9 a r[1 l s _m tall1 gaunt1 /ately old maids1 ) ! toques & /oma*]s ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,age is "h1 b x does n sugge/ ! idea ( dilapidation or decay2 r ( some?+ :i* has be5 put "u a glass case1 & pres]v$ ) c>e f all extrane\s influ5ces4 ,b1 :at is mo/ curi\s & /rik+ 9 ?is old city1 is to see x /ation>y1 :ile "t & *ange are work+ su* miracles & trans=mations ev]y:]e else4 ,! h\se :]e ,m>t9 ,behaim1 f\r c5turies ago1 inv5t$ ! sph]e1 & drew ! fir/ geographical *>t1 is /ill ! h\se ( a map-sell]4 ,9 ! h\se :]e c>ds 7 fir/ manufactur$1 c>ds are n[ sold4 ,9 ! v %ops :]e clocks & wat*es 7 fir/ se51 y may /ill buy clocks & wat*es4 ,! same families h inhabit$ ! same mansions f "o g5]ation to ano!r = f\r or five c5turies40#bdd-99 ,9 a city :]e all its associations ( greatness are ) ! pa/1 & its memories ess5tially connect$ ) ^? :o h be5 long numb]$ ) ! dead1 x is natural we %\ld f9d a /rong t5d5cy to remembrances ( ev5ts & p]sonages g5]ally =gott5 9 o!r & m /irr+ cities4 ,! ,nrnb]g]s lov+ly pres]ve all t w connect !m ) ! glori\s days ( ,kais] ,maximilian1 :5 _! 8great ,imp]ial ,city0 held ! treasures ( ! ,holy ,roman empire1 ! cr[n & royal insignia ( ,*>lemagne1 z well z ! /ill m preci\s 8relics0 :i* he _h br\ght f ! ,holy ,l&4#bde-99 ,among all _! lit]>y magnates none is bett] rememb]$ ?an 8,hans ,sa*s1 ! cobbl]-b>d10 & /atuettes ( ?is great poet ( small ?+s are to be se5 9 mo/ ,nrnb]g book & pr9t %ops4 ,s9ce ! days ( ,lope de ,vega no writ] scribbl$ s flu5tly & s well on ! ?\s&-&-"o incid5ts ( 8 own day1 or fancies ( 8 own bra94 ,sa*s 0 born at ,nrnb]g 9 #adid & 0 ! son ( a poor tailor1 :o insur$ 8 education 9 ! free-s*ool ( ! t[n1 & at fifte5 he 0 appr5tic$ to a %oemak]2 :5 ! p]iod ( s]vitude _h expir$1 9 accordance ) ! ,g]man practice1 he set out on 8 travels to see ! _w4 ,x 0 a /irr+ "t1 & m5's eyes 7 rapidly op5$ to ! corruptions ( *ur* & /ate2 ! great pr9ciples ( ! ,re=mation 7 mak+ way4 ,hans possess$ mu* ( t /irl+ common s5se1 & %rewd practical obs]vation :i* belong to _m ( ! l[] class1 & make !m outspok5 rude despis]s ( c\rti]%ip4 ,on 8 return he appli$ = admission z a fell[ rhyme/] among ! ma/]-s+]s' frat]nity ( ,nrnb]g1 a corporation ( self-/yl$ poets1 :o surr\nd$ ! 8div9e art0 ) all k9ds ( r\t9e ord9ances1 & regulat$ ! l5g? ( l9es & numb] ( syllables :i* ea* 8poem0 787 %\ld conta91 s magi/]ially t !y r$uc$ x to a ma!matical precision1 & might class x among ! 8exact sci5ces40 ,be=e ?is augu/ tribunal ! muse ( ,sa*s appe>$1 8 poem 0 read1 its l9es 7 measur$1 its syllables c\nt$1 & he 0 admitt$ to ! hon\r ( be+ an ackn[l$g$ ma/] ( song4 ,f t h\r till 8 dea?1 he cobbl$ & sang to ! wond]ful amusem5t ( ! good citiz5s2 & :5 sev5ty-sev5 ye>s _h pass$ gaily ov] 8 head1 8he took an inv5tory ( 8 poetical /ock-9-trade1 & f\nd1 accord+ to 8 n>rative1 t 8 works fill$ ?irty volumes folio1 & consi/$ ( #d1bgc songs1 #a1gjj miscellane\s poems1 & #bjh trag$ies1 com$ies & f>ces1 mak+ an a/\nd+ sum-total ( #f1aha pieces ( all k9ds4 ,! hum\r ( 8 tales is n contemptible2 he laughs lu/ily & makes 8 read] jo9 him2 8 mann]1 s f> z v]se c be comp>$ to prose1 is n unlike t ( ,rabelais1 b less grotesque40#bdf-99 ,8 mo/ popul> productions 7 broad%eets ) woodcuts1 devot$ to all k9ds ( subjects1 sold ab\t ! /reets1 & /uck 8l ballads on ! wall0 ( old ,engli% cottages2 speak+ boldly out to ! compreh5sion & ta/es ( ! p on subjects !y 7 int]e/$ 94 ,f a l>ge volume ( ^! 8curiosities ( lit]ature0 n[ ly+ be=e ! writ]1 8 imm5se popul>ity ) ! p c be well und]/ood4 ,"h we f9d fables ( nev]-dy+ int]e/1 su* z 8,! ,old ,man & 8 ,ass10 reproduc$ 9 dogg]el !y c\ld enjoy1 ) a hum\r !y c\ld reli%1 & head$ by bold woodcuts4 ,if !y want$ morality !y _h x 9 8pi\s *ansons0 ab\t fair ,susannah1 8,! ,de/ruction ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah10 8,daniel 9 ! ,lions' ,d510 8,twelve %ort ,s]mons10 c4 ,moral allegories suit$ to e-day life woo$ _! att5tion 9 8 8,*ri/ian ,pati5ce10 :]e ! :ole human family is depict$ z a solit>y 9 a %ip on a /ormy sea1 ) ! _w1 dea?1 & ! devil1 z adv]s>ies to oppose 8 safe entry into 8 port1 8das vat]l&10 b :o is m]cifully gu>d$ by ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,if amus+ satire 7 requir$1 x might be f\nd 9 8 8,wom5 sett+ ,traps = ,fools20 :ile ! /rong religi\s t5d5cies ( ! ,re=m]s 7 en=c$ 9 8 rhymes ( ! 8,true & ,false ,way10 above :i* 0 pr9t$ a l>ge cut :]e ! ,savi\r invites all to ! op5 door ( 8 fold1 :ile ! pope & 8 prie/s h9d] all f ent]+1 except by back-doors1 holes1 & corn]s4 ,at ?is p]iod ,nrnb]g 0 torn by religi\s faction2 & x ultimately became en?usia/ically ,prote/ant4 ,!re is no d\bt t ,hans ,sa*s help$ greatly to fo/] ! feel+ 9 its fav\r1 z 8 8broadsides0 told =cibly1 & 7 imm5sely popul>4 ,!y 7 9 fact ! only books ( ! poor4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bec4--;,hans ,sa*s4 ,! portrait ( ! old cobbl] 0 pa9t$ 9 #aefh by ,hans ,h(fman1 & is a /rik+ly *>act]i/ic resemblance ( a man ^: 8age is z a lu/y w9t]1 ,fro/y1 b k9dly40 ,!re is an int5sity ( expression 9 ! cle>1 deep-set eye1 a %rewd obs]vant look 9 ! entire features1 :ile x %[s a capacity ( =ehead t w make ,hans pass mu/] ) mod]n phr5ologi/s4 ,! cobbl]-b>d wrote & sung1 & m5d$ 8 neighb\rs' boots 9 an unpret5d+ domicile 9 a /reet lead+ f ! pr9cipal m>ket1 :i* /reet n[ goes by 8 "n4 ,s9ce 8 "t ! h\se has be5 almo/ rebuilt & entirely new front$4 ,its old features h be5 pres]v$ 9 an et*+ by ,fleis*mann1 aft] a sket* by ,j4 ,a4 ,kle91 at :i* p]iod x 0 a be]%op kn[n by ! sign ( ! 8,gold5 ,be>40 ,hans di$ full ( ye>s & hon\r 9 ! ye> #aegf1 & is buri$ ) ! great m5 ( 8 city 9 ! cemet]y ( ,/4 ,john4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bed4--,! ,h\se ( ,hans ,sa*s4 ,! dome/ic life ( ! old ,nrnb]g]s seems to h be5 *>act]is$ by hon\rable simplicity1 & _! po/]ity appe> to foll[ laudably 9 _! foot/eps4 ,!y delight 9 ! antiquity ( _! city1 & rev]5tly pres]ve ! relics ( _! pa/ glories4 ,_! h\ses seem built = a pa/ g5]ation1 _! public edifices = ! ,middle ,ages2 _! gall]ies ab\nd 9 ! art ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & admit no?+ m mod]n ?an ! sev5te5?4 ,9 ! old g>d5 ^u ! ca/le ba/ion is a qua9t quadrangul> t[]#bej-99 hav+ its entrance !refrom1 & ?is has be5 fitt$ up ) antique furniture1 to give a true idea ( ! indoor life ( ,dr]'s days4 ,x conta9s a hall hung ) tape/ries1 f :i* a /aircase leads to a suite ( rooms1 "o fitt$ z a kit*51 ano!r z a music-room1 fill$ ) ! mo/ qua9t & curi\s antique in/rum5ts1 :i* h ceas$ 8disc\rs+ mo/ eloqu5t music0 = ! la/ two hundr$ ye>s4 ,! ?ird room 7a view ( :i* we engrave7 is a b\doir1 conta9+ ! l>ge antique ,g]man /ove1 built up ) ornam5tal tiles ca/ 9 relief1 ) /ories f bible hi/ory ( sa9ts1 & arabesque4 ,beside x is a bronze receptacle = wat]1 %ap$ l a huge acorn1 ! tap hav+ a grotesque head1 & ! spigot be+ a small seat$ figure2 ?is 0 g5tly turn$ :5 want$1 & a ?9 /ream ( wat] trickl$ ov] ! h&s into ! bas9 b5ea?2 an embroid]$ napk9 hangs beside x2 & above x is ! old-fa%ion$ set ( f\r h\r-glasses1 s graduat$ t ea* ran out a qu>t] ( an h\r aft] ! o!r4 ,! furniture & fitt+s ( ! entire build+ are all equally curi\s1 & reproduce a fai?ful picture ( old times1 wor?y ( be+ copi$ 9 ,national ,museums else:]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bee4--;,ap>tm5t 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,ca/le ( ,nrnb]g4 ,nrnb]g be+ a 8free city0 0 gov]n$ by its own appo9t$ magi/rates1 hav+ indep5d5t c\rts ( law4 ,! executive c\ncil ( /ate consi/$ ( eight memb]s1 *os5 f ! ?irty patrician families :o1 by ! privilege grant$ to !m f ! ?irte5? c5tury1 rul$ ! city entirely4 ,9 process ( "t ^! privileges assum$ ! =m ( a civic tyranny1 :i* 0 felt to be intol]able by ! p1 & occasionally oppos$ by !m4 ,! fi]ce religi\s w>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury assi/$ 9 de/roy+ ?is monopoly ( p[] /ill m2 yet n[ t x is gone = ev]1 x has left fe>ful traces ( its irresponsible /r5g?4 ,all :o sigh = 8! good old times10 %\ld n moralise ov] ! fall5 greatness ( ! city1 & its almo/ des]t$ b noble t[n-hall2 b desc5d bel[ ! build+ into ! d>k vaults & corridors :i* =m its basem5t2 ! t]rible sub/ructure ^u :i* ! glori\s municipal palace ( a free imp]ial self-rul$ city 0 bas$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 into ^: secrets none d>$ pry1 & :]e fri5ds1 hope1 life itself1 7 lo/ to ^? :o d>$ revolt aga9/ ! rul]s4 ,!re is no romance-writ] :o has imag9$ m horrors ?an we h evid5ces 7 p]petrat$ "u ! "n ( ju/ice 9 ^! frightful vaults1 unkn[n to ! busy citiz5s ar\nd !m1 )9 a few feet ( ! /reets d[n :i* a gay w$d+ procession might pass1 :ile a true patriot 0 torn 9 e limb1 & rack$ to dea? by ! ref9$ cruelty ( 8 fell[-m54 ,! he>t sick5s 9 ^! vaults1 & an in/9ctive desire to quit !m takes possession ( ! m9d1 :ile rema9+ m]ely z a curi\s spectator )9 !m4 ,! n>r[ /eps lead+ to !m are rea*$ ?r\gh a decorat$ doorway1 & ! passage bel[ receives light ?r\gh a s]ies ( grat+s4 ,y %ortly rea* ! labyr9?9e ways1 totally exclud$ f ext]nal light & air1 & ent] "o aft] ano!r conf9$ dungeons1 little m ?an six feet squ>e1 cas$ ) oak to dead5 s\nds1 & to increase ! difficulty ( attempt$ escape4 ,to make ^! n>r[ places ev5 m horrible1 /rong wood5 /ocks are 9 "s1 & day & night prison]s 7 secur$ 9 total d>kness1 9 an atmosph]e :i* ev5 n[ seems too oppressive to be>4 ,9 close proximity to ^! dungeons is a /rong /one room1 ab\t twelve feet wide ea* way1 into :i* y desc5d by ?ree /eps4 ,x is ! torture-*amb]4 ,! massive b>s be=e y are all t rema9 ( ! p]p5dicul> rack1 ^u :i* un=tunates 7 hung ) weights atta*$ to _! ankles4 ,two su* ( /one1 weigh+ ea* fifty p\nds1 7 kept "h "s ye>s back1 z well z _m o!r implem5ts ( torture s9ce remov$ or sold = old iron4 ,! rais$ /one b5* ar\nd ! room 0 = ! use ( ! execution] & att5dants4 ,! vault$ ro( cond5s$ ! voice ( ! tortur$ man1 & an ap]ture on "o side gave x fre$om to asc5d into ! room above1 :]e ! judicial li/5]s wait$ = ! falt]+ words :i* succe$$ ! agonis+ screams ( _! victim4 ,s mu* we "k & /ill see1 b worse horrors 7 dreamily spok5 ( by ! old ,nrnb]g]s2 !re 0 a tradition ( a c]ta9 some?+ t n only de/roy$ life1 b annihilat$ ! body ( ! p]son sacrific$4 ,! tradition took a m def9ite =m 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & ! 8kiss ( ! ,virg90 express$ ?is puni%m5t1 & 0 believ$ to consi/ 9 a figure ( ! ,virg91 :i* clasp$ its victim 9 arms furni%$ ) poign>ds1 & !n op5+ !m1 dropp$ ! body d[n a trap on a sort ( cradle ( swords1 arrang$ s z to cut x to pieces1 a runn+ /ream bel[ cle>+ all traces ( x away4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bef4--,! ,torture-*amb]4 ,^! frightful traditions 7 receiv$ ) d\bt by _m1 & ) positive disbelief by o!rs1 until a c\ntryman ( our own1 ) unexampl$ pati5ce & p]sev]ance1 fully sub/antiat$ ! tru? ( all1 & aft] _m ye>s trac$ ! absolute 8,virg90 h]self1 :i* _h be5 hurri$ly remov$ f ,nrnb]g dur+ ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 two or ?ree days be=e ! ,fr5* army ent]$ ! t[n1 & !n pass$ into ! collection ( a c]ta9 ,b>on ,di$ri*1 & 0 kept by him 9 a ca/le call$ ,fei/ritz1 on ! bord]s ( ,/e9m>k4 ,det]m9$ to p]sev]e 9 trac+ ?is figure1 our c\ntryman visit$ ?is ca/le 9 #ahcd1 & !re 0 ! ma*9e2 x 0 =m$ ( b>s & hoops cov]$ ) %eet iron1 repres5t+ a ,nrnb]g maid5 ( ! sixte5? c5tury 9 ! long mantle g5]ally worn4 ,x op5$ ) fold+ doors1 clos+ aga9 ov] ! victim1 & press+ a s]ies ( poign>ds into ! body1 two be+ affix$ to ! front ( ! face1 to p5etrate to ! bra9 ?r\gh ! eyes4 8,t ?is ma*9e _h =m]ly be5 us$ _c be d\bt$2 because !re are evid5t blood-/a9s yet visible on its brea/ & "p ( ! p$e/al40 ,?is ma*9e 0 introduc$ to ,nrnb]g 9 #aecc1 & is believ$ to h orig9at$ 9 ,spa91 & to h be5 transplant$ into ,g]many dur+ ! reign ( ,*>les ,v41 :o 0 mon>* ( bo? c\ntries4 ,at ?is p]iod !re 7 great tumults 9 ,g]many & cont9ual qu>rels at ,nrnb]g betwe5 ! ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants3 ! m5 ( t city _h no d\bt to ?ank 8! mo/ holy ,inquisition0 = ?is importation ( horrors4 ,! great lead+ pr9ciples ( ! ,re=mation int]e/$ ,dr] z !y did o!r ?9k+ m54 ,he exam9$ by ! biblical te/ ! un:olesome p[] & pret5sions ( ! papacy1 & f\nd x want+4 ,we h already not$ ! exhortation to abide by 8! writt5 ^w0 :i* he app5d$ to 8 fam\s picture ( ! ,apo/les4 ,9 8 j\rnal he breaks =? into uncontroll$ lam5tations ov] ! crafty capture ( ,lu!r made by 8 fri5d ! ,elector ( ,saxony1 :o convey$ him ?us out ( h>m's way1 & kept him ne>ly a twelvemon? 9 ! ,w>tburg4 ,he exclaims1 8,& is ,lu!r dead8 :o w n[ expla9 ! ,gospel s cle>ly to u8 ,aid me1 all pi\s ,*ri/ians1 to bewail ?is man ( heav5ly m9d1 & pray ,god = "s o!r z div9ely enlight5$40 ,he !n exhorts ,erasmus to 8come =?1 def5d ! tru?1 & des]ve ! m>tyr's cr[n1 = ?\ art already an old man40 ,dr] _h pa9t$ ,erasmus's portrait at ,brussels 9 #aebj1 & appe>s to h be5 intimate ) t great man z he 0 ) ,melanc?on1 :o said ( ,dr]1 t 88 lea/ m]it 0 t ( 8 art40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #beg4--,! ,cemet]y ( ,/4 ,john4 ,amid ! /rong diss5sions ( ! ,re=mation1 at a "t :5 old ,nrnb]g 0 tott]+ to its fall1 worn d[n by m5tal toil1 & )]$ at he>t by "o ( ! wor/ wives on record1 di$ ,alb]t ,dr] at ! age ( fifty-sev54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #beh4--,! ,grave ( ,alb]t ,dr]4 ,9 ! old cemet]y ( ,/4 ,john lies all t is mortal ( ! arti/ :o has giv5 la/+ celebrity to ,nrnb]g4 ,let u take a walk 9 t direction4 ,pass+ out ( ! t[n by ! gate opposite ,dr]'s h\se1 ! sculptur$ repres5tations ( ! sc5es ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 by ,adam ,krafft1 already allud$ to1 w guide our foot/eps on our way4 ,ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile f ! t[n1 we rea* ! gate beside :i* /&s ,krafft's gr\p ( ! ,crucifixion4#beg-99 ,we ent]1 & /& 9 a gravey>d ?ickly cov]$ ) grave/ones4 ,"h ! burgh] ari/ocracy ( ,nrnb]g h be5 buri$ = c5turies4 ,! heavy slabs :i* cov] ! graves are 9 _m in/ances highly enri*$ by bronze plates elaborately execut$1 conta9+ coats ( arms1 emblems1 or full-l5g? figures4 ,ea* grave is numb]$1 & t ( ,dr] is m>k$ #fdi4 ,! /one _h fall5 into decay1 :5 ,s&r>t ! pa9t] _h x r5ew$ 9 #afha4beh-99 ,?is hon\rable act ( love f a liv+ arti/ to a dead bro!r1 enabl$ ! memorial to /& ano!r c5tury ( "t4 ,! arti/s ( ,nrnb]g n[ look aft] its cons]vation2 x has rec5tly be5 repair$ by !m1 & on ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,spr+ morn+ :5 ! great ma/] dep>t$1 !y rev]5tly visit 8 re/+-place4 ,! inscription ^u x runs ?us3-- ,,me4 ,,al4 ,,du4 ,,quicquid ,,alb]ti ,,dur]i ,,mortale ,,fvit ,,sub ,,hoc ,,conditur ,,tumulo4 ,,emigravit4 ,,viii4 ,,idus4 ,,aprilis ,m4,d4,,xxviii4 ,! s5tim5t ( ?is epitaph has be5 beautifully r5d]$ by ,longfell[-- 8,emigravit is ! inscription on ! tomb/one :]e he lies2 ,dead he is n1--b dep>t$--= ! arti/ nev] dies40 ,?us ends our brief review ( ! life & lab\rs ( ,dr] & 8 fell[ arti/s4 ,if x has 8call$ up =gott5 glories10 x has n be5 a lab\r ill-be/[$4 ,if x %\ld induce o!rs to leave ,engl& = ,nrnb]g1 z ! writ] h]e( 0 induc$1 he c v5ture to pr$ict full satisfaction f ! j\rney4 ,any "o :o may ramble ?r\gh its /reets1 "k its pa/ hi/ory1 feel its poetic associations1 l ! ,am]ican b>d we h j quot$1 w say1 z he has done1 ( old ,nrnb]g & ! great & good ,alb]t ,dr]-- 8,fair] seems ! anci5t city1 & ! sun%9e seems m fair1 ,t he once has trod its pavem5t1 t he once has brea!d its air60 ,,f9is4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,virtue ,,& ,,co41 ,,city ,,road1 ,,london4 ,,footnotes3 #aij-99 ,sir ,e4 ,head's introduction to ! ,engli% translation ( ,kgl]'s 8,h&book ( ,pa9t+40 ,"p ,,ii4 #aia-99 ,longfell['s 8,spani% ,/ud5t40 #bab-99 ,engrav+s ( ^! w be f\nd 9 ! ,art-,j\rnal = #ahed1 pp4 #cjg-h4 #bab- ,longfell[4 #bae-99 ,!y h be5 pres5t$ f "t to "t to su* pot5tates z ! t[nsm5 wi%$ to conciliate4 ,?us1 8 ,f\r ,apo/les1 bequea!d by ! arti/ to 8 native t[n1 0 pres5t$ by ! c\ncil to ! ,elector ,maximilian ,i41 ( ,bav>ia1 & are n[ 9 ! ,p9aco!k 9 ,muni*4 #bah-99 8,guido seems to h avail$ himself ( "s ( ^! figures 9 8 celebrat$ fresco ( ! ,c> ( ,apollo1 prec$$ by ,aurora1 & accompani$ by ! ,h\rs40--,,*atto',s ,hi/ory ( ,wood ,engrav+1 p4 #cjc4 #bba-99 ,= a g5]al notice ( ,dr]'s works1 & sev]al engrav+s ( ! be/ ( !m1 see ! ,art-,j\rnal = #ahea1 pp4 #ada-add & pp4 #aic-aif4 ,see also1 8,vignettes d',alb]t ,dr]10 p> ,george ,franz4 #bbc-99 ,^! incipi5t ba/ions & horn-works may be se5 9 our cut1 p4 #aid4 #bbc- ,m>c ,antonio _h copi$ ,dr]'s cuts on copp]1 b !y are poor sub/itutes = ! orig9als4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 did ,dr] an injury ( :i* he compla9$4 #bbe-99 ,9 h] 8,visits & ,sket*es ( ,art at ,home & ,abroad10 #d vols4 #hvo41 #ahcd4 #bbg-99 ,l4 ,e4 ,l4 #bbg- ,mrs4 ,jameson speaks ( 8 portrait z 8beautiful1 l ! old heads ( our ,savi\r2 & ! pr$om9ant expression is calm1 dignifi$1 intellectual1 ) a t+e ( melan*oly4 ,?is picture 0 pa9t$ at ! age ( tw5ty-eight2 he 0 !n suff]+ f t bitt] dome/ic curse1 a %rewi%1 av>ici\s wife1 :o f9ally broke 8 he>t40 ,we h engrav$ ?is portrait 9 ! head-piece to ?is subject 7p4 #ahg71 along ) ^? ( 8 wife & ( 8 fri5d ,pirkheim]4 #bbh-99 ,leopold ,s*ef] has con/ruct$ a novelette on 8 dome/ic c>e]1 :i* has be5 clev]ly translat$ by ,mrs4 ,/od>t4 ,x is entitl$ 8,! ,arti/'s ,m>ri$ ,life1 be+ t ( ,alb]t ,dr]40 ,x tea*es mu* by its pure philosophy4 #bbi-99 ,!y are n[ 9 ! ,p9aco!k at ,muni*4 #bbi- ,dr] _h w>mly esp\s$ ! ,re=mation1 & _h plac$ quotations f ! gospels & epi/les ( ! ,apo/les b5ea? ea* picture1 conta9+ press+ w>n+s n to sw]ve f ! writt5 ^w1 or li/5 to false prophets & p]v]t]s ( ! tru?4 ,:5 ! t[n pres5t$ ^! pictures to ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,elector ,maximilian ,i41 ( ,bav>ia1 9 #afbg1 !y cut (f ^! inscriptions1 & affix$ !m to ! copies !y _h made = !mselves by ,vis*]1 & :i* are n[ 9 ! ,l&au] ,gall]y at ,nrnb]g4 #bcj-99 ,!re is an old tradition t ,dr] int5d$ ^! figures also z embodim5ts ( ! f\r m5tal temp]am5ts--,john1 repres5t+ ! melan*olic2 ,pet]1 ! m$itative1 or phlegmatic2 ,m>k1 ! sangu9e2 & ,paul1 ! resolute or *ol]ic4 #bca-99 ,kgl]4 ,mrs4 ,jameson1 9 h] 8,visits at ,home & ,abroad10 also speaks ( !m z 8wond]ful6 ,9 expression1 9 calm religi\s maje/y1 9 suavity ( p5cill+1 & ! gr&1 pure /yle ( ! heads & drap]y1 q l ,raffaelle40 #bca- ,among ! re/ is ! v m>vell\s "o p]=m$ dur+ a j\rney 9 w9t]1 :5 he 0 ne>ly de/roy$ by cold1 & ent]$ a peasant's cottage1 hop+ to f9d relief4 ,! poor man _h no fuel1 s ! sa9t made up a fire f ! icicles :i* hung ar\nd ! h\se1 complet+ 8 good acts by m5d+ 8 brok5 kettle1 8by bless+ x1 at ! reque/ ( 8 ho/10 & conv]t+ /ones into bread by ! same simple process4 #bcd-99 ,vis*]'s h\se is situat$ on ! o!r side ( ! ,riv] ,pegnitz1 :i* divides ! t[n2 x is 9 a /eep /reet ris+ sudd5ly f ! wat]4 ,! h\se has und]gone "s alt]ations 9 its ext]nal aspect1 app>5tly ab\t ! latt] half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x is n[ a bak]'s %op1 hav+ t quiet aspect :i* *>act]ises su* trades 9 ,g]many1 ! c5tral w9d[ on ! gr\nd-floor be+ t ?r\gh :i* bread is pass$ to applicants1 :o may m\nt ! /eps 9 front1 or re/ on !m :ile wait+4 ,! beam project+ f ! l>ge w9d[ 9 ! ro( is us$ z a crane to lift wood & heavy /ores to ! upp] floors1 :i* are ! deposit>ies = su* necessities1 & n ! cell>s1 z ) u4 #bce-99 ,murray's 8,h&book ( ,g]many40 #bdj-99 ,8 grave is 9 ! cemet]y ( ,/4 ,john1 ,no4 #bfh4 #bdc-99 ,?is grave1 surr\nd$ by sculpture1 =ms a little ext]nal *apel1 at ! back ( ! *oir ( ,/4 ,sebald's ,*ur*4 ,we h already m5tion$ ,s*rey] z ! orig9ator ( ,vis*]'s %r9e 9 t *ur*4 #bdd-99 ,mrs4 ,jameson1 8,sket*es ( ,art at ,home & ,abroad40 ,! curi\s s]ies ( views 9 ,nrnb]g1 publi%$ !re by ,conrad ,mona?1 ab\t #afej1 are rem>kably id5tical ) ! pres5t aspect ( ea* locality engrav$4 #bde-99 ,! cr[n & royal robes ( ,*>lemagne 7 ^? f\nd 9 8 tomb at ,aix-la-,*apelle1 aft]w>ds us$ 9 ! coronation ( ! ,g]man emp]ors = _m c5turies1 & only transf]r$ to ,vi5na dur+ ! great political *anges ( ! la/ c5tury4 8,! sacr$ relics0 are also at ,vi5na1 & 7 among ! mo/ valu$ & v5]at$ ( *ur* treasures4 ,!y also 7 publicly exhibit$ at ! coronations1 & consi/$ ( ! lance :i* pi]c$ ! ,savi\r's side :5 ^u ! cross2 a piece ( ! cross1 %[+ ! hole made by ! nail :i* pi]c$ "o ( ! ,savi\r's h&s2 "o ( ! nails2 & five ( ! ?orns ( ! cr[n put ^u 8 head by ! soldi]s2 a portion ( ! mang] ( ,be?lehem2 a piece ( ! table-clo? us$ at ! ,la/ ,supp]2 & a piece ( ! t[el ) :i* ,*ri/ wip$ ! ,apo/les' feet2 an arm-bone ( ,/4 ,anne2 a too? ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/2 a piece ( ! coat ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/2 & ?ree l9ks ( ! *a9s :i* b\nd ,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,paul1 & ,/4 ,john 9 ! ,roman prison4 #bdf-99 ,edg> ,taylor's 8,lays ( ! ,m9nes+]s40 #bej-99 ,x is se5 9 our view f ,alb]t ,dr]'s h\se1 & is close beside ! gate ( ! t[n4 #beg-99 ,our engrav+ 7,fig4 #beg7 is tak5 f a sket* made on ?is spot1 look+ back t[>ds ! city1 & its anci5t ca/le on ! rock4 ,krafft's sculptures are se5 to ! left1 at int]vals1 on ! road-side4 #beh-99 ,he also is int]r$ 9 ?is cemet]y4 ,s is ,dr]'s fri5d1 ,pirkheim]2 8 grave is ,no4 #adad4 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,corrections3 #ie ,gealic *ang$ to ,gaelic #agc ,figs #bab1 *ang$ to ,figs4 #bab1 #agd ,fig #bae repres5ts *ang$ to ,fig4 #bae repres5ts #bdg classical p\rtray+ *ang$ to classical portray+ cross b> _/ cross-b> ,dr] _/ ,dur] ,d,,r] _/ ,,dur] ,dr]'s _/ ,dur]'s ironwork _/ iron-"w ,p9aco!ck _/ ,p9aco!k