mat]ial f ! ,google ,pr9t project47 ,illu/ration3 ,jas4 ,braidwood ,,fire ,,prev5tion ,,& ,,fire ,,ext9ction4 ,,by ,,james ,,braidwood1 ,,fir/ ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,! ,,london ,,fire-,,brigade1 ,,& ,,associate ,,( ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,civil ,,eng9e]s4 ,,includ+ ,,fire-,,pro( ,,/ructures1 ,,fire-,,pro( ,,safes1 ,,public ,,fire ,,brigades1 ,,private ,,means ,,= ,,suppress+ ,,fires1 ,,fire-,,eng9es1 ,,fire ,,annihilators1 ,,portable ,,fire-,,escapes1 ,,wat] ,,supply ,,) ,,illu/rations1 ,,memoir1 ,,& ,,portrait ,,( ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,london3 ,,bell ,,& ,,daldy1 #ahf1 ,,fleet ,,/reet4 #ahff4 ,! "r ( ,translation is res]v$4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,memoir4 ,,page ,introductory1 ,e>ly ,fires1 ,fire ,eng9es1 & ,fire ,brigades #e ,mr4 ,braidwood's bir? & education #g ,great ,fire ( ,ed9burgh1 & appo9tm5t z head ( ,brigade #h ,aw>d ( ,silv] ,m$al ( ,society ( ,arts1 ,london2 publication ( "w on ,fire ,eng9es #aa ,=mation ( ,london ,fire ,brigade2 appo9tm5t z ,sup]9t5d5t #ac ,te/imonials receiv$ ^u leav+ ,ed9burgh #ad ,london resid5ce & r\t9e ( duty #af ,valuable s]vices ( ! ,royal ,society = ! ,protection ( ,life f ,fire #ag ,/ati/ics ( ,fires2 improvem5t ( ,fire ,eng9es #ah ,introduction ( ladd]s1 hose reel1 & h& pump #ai ,float+ ,fire ,eng9es1 h& work$ & /eam2 ,l& ,/eam ,fire ,eng9e #bj ,inspection ( ,gov]nm5t ,docky>ds & ,public ,build+s2 e/abli%m5t ( a /&>d hose c\pl+ #ba ,admitt$ an ,associate ( ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s2 aw>d ( ,tel=d ,m$al2 endeav\rs to re/ra9 ! erection ( immod]ate-siz$ w>eh\ses #bb ,8 op9ion z to ! inadequacy ( ,london ,fire ,brigade2 ,great ,tooley ,/reet ,fire #bc ,dea? ( ,mr4 ,braidwood #bd ,public fun]al #be ,public & private "* #bh ,_w-wide e/eem 9 :i* he 0 held #cj ,poem--,a ,true ,h]o #cb ,,fire ,,prev5tion1 ,,includ+ ,,firepro( ,,/ructures--,,causes ,,( ,,fires4 ,inatt5tion 9 ! use ( fires & lights #cc ,advantages ( a legal inquiry into ! cause ( ,fires #cg ,improp] con/ruction ( build+s #cg ,acts ( ,p>liam5t = build+s 9 ,london #ci ,results ( improp] con/ruction ( w>eh\ses 9 ,liv]pool #da ,arrangem5ts = ! safety ( ! audi5ce 9 !atres #db ,dang] f furnaces & close fires #dc ,dang] f pipes convey+ products ( combu/ion #dd ,spontane\s ignition2 use ( gas #de ,inc5di>ism2 monomania #df ,,firepro( ,,/ructures4 ,:at is firepro( con/ruction #dg ,use ( ca/ & wr\ght-iron #di ,mr4 ,fairbairn's exp]im5ts #ej ,dang] to life f use ( ca/-iron columns #ed ,report on w>eh\ses #ee ,cov]+ timb] ) iron #ef ,firepro( dwell+-h\ses #eg ,firepro( safes #eh ,,fire ,,ext9ction1 ,,includ+ ,,fire ,,brigades1 ,,fire ,,eng9es1 ,,& ,,wat] ,,supply--,,fire ,,brigades4 ,individual ex]tions = ,fire ,ext9ction #ei ,fire ,brigades on ! ,cont95t ( ,europe1 9 ,engl&1 9 ,am]ica #ff ,necessity = ! control ( arrangem5ts by "o individual #fg ,proposal = a national sy/em #fh ,fire ,eng9es at noblem5's & g5tlem5's resid5ces #gj ,tra9+ & discipl9e ( ,firem5 #ga ,g5]al in/ructions = ,firem51 & = ! use ( ,fire ,eng9es #gb ,necessity = ! wat] /rik+ ! burn+ mat]ials #gd ,inv5tions = elevat+ bran* pipes consid]$ #gf ,,london ,,fire ,,brigade4 ,g5]al description ( m5 & eng9es #gi ,division ( ,london into di/ricts #ha ,g5]al regulations #hb ,conditions ( entrance into ! e/abli%m5t #hc ,outl9e ( g5]al duty #he ,duties ( ,sup]9t5d5t #hh ,=em5 #ij ,eng9e]s #ic ,sub-,eng9e]s & ,firem5 #id ,,ed9burgh ,,fire ,,brigade4 ,description ( m5 select$ #if ,mode ( communicat+ ) ,firem5 at a ,fire #ig ,dress & drill ( ,firem5 #ii ,gymna/ic ex]cises #ajd ,g5]al regulations #ajf ,duties ( ,police #ajg ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,brigade #aji ,head ,eng9em5 #aaj ,firem51 & ,high ,con/ables #aaa ,magi/rates1 & ,gas-,light ,companies #aac ,special regulations = ,firem5 #aad ,means ( escape f ,fire #aah ,,fire ,,eng9es4 ,! application ( manual p[] #abc ,eng9es us$ by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t #abd ,description ( ,brigade ,fire ,eng9e #abf ,h& ,pump2 keep+ ,fire ,eng9es 9 ord] #acj ,selection ( ,eng9e ,h\se #acb ,app>atus provid$ ) ,london ,brigade ,eng9e #acc ,lea!r hose #acd ,hose c\pl+s #adj ,suction pipes #adc ,jet pipes1 prop] %ape #ade ,fire annihilator #adi ,,wat] ,,supply4 ,by pressure1 f surface ( gr\nd1 & by sunk tanks #aej ,exp]im5ts ) jets "u a con/ant pressure #aec ,fire plug us$ 9 ,london #aee ,canvas ci/]n & /&-cock us$ ) fire plug #aef ,d\ble fire-cock us$ 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ,docky>ds #aeh ,d\ble holl[ key fire-cock us$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum #aei ,supply by ,wat] ,companies 9 ,london #afb ,supply+ ,fire ,eng9es f fire-cocks1 c4 #afc ,,app5dix4 ,/eam ,fire ,eng9es1 progress 9 con/ruction #aff ,trials be=e ! ,jury ( ! ,int]national ,exhibition1 #ahfb #afh ,trials at ! ,int]national ,competition1 ,london1 #ahfc #agc ,/eam ,fire ,eng9es 9 use by ,metropolitan ,brigade1 ,may1 #ahff #aha ,act ( ,p>liam5t = ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade #ahb ,e/abli%m5t ( ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade #aig ,,illu/rations4 ,,page ,portrait ( ,mr4 ,braidwood on /eel by ,je5s1 f a photograph by ,williams ,frontispiece4 ,longitud9al section ( ,brigade ,fire ,eng9e #abd ,transv]se section ( ditto #abe ,old c\pl+ = hose #adj ,new ditto1 ditto #ada ,bran* & jet pipe #ade ,op5+ 9 sunk tank = suction pipe #aea ,fire plug us$ 9 ,london #aee ,fire plug ) canvas ci/]n #aef ,fire plug ) /&-cock #aeg ,s+le fire-cock #aeh ,d\ble fire-cock us$ at docky>ds #aeh ,d\ble fire-cock us$ at ,briti% ,museum #aei ,,editor',s ,,preface4 ,! appe>ance at ! beg9n+ ( la/ ye>1 9 ! ,annual ,report ( ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s = #ahfa & #ahfb1 ( a %ort memoir ( ,mr4 ,braidwood1 sugge/$ ! publication ( a m ext5d$ acc\nt ( ! life ( ! late head ( ! ,london ,fire ,brigade1 comb9$ ) 8 op9ions ^u ! subject ( 8 pr(ession4 ,^! op9ions are compris$ 9 a "w on ,fire ,eng9es1 & ! ,tra9+ ( ,firem51 publi%$ 9 ,ed9burgh 9 #ahcj2 two pap]s ^u cognate subjects read be=e ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 two simil> pap]s read be=e ! ,society ( ,arts1 & 9 a v>iety ( reports ^u public build+s1 w>eh\ses1 c4 ,:ile regrett+ ! great loss t ! public has su/a9$1 9 be+ depriv$ by ,mr4 ,braidwood's sudd5 dea? ( a complete record ( 8 long & v>i$ ,london exp]i5ce1 x has be5 consid]$ advisable to republi% ! above mat]ials arrang$ 9 a sy/ematic =m1 omitt+ only su* p>ts z ! ,au?or's m matur$ exp]i5ce r5d]$ desirable1 b conf9+ ! :ole to 8 own words4 ,,london1 ,june1 #ahff4 ,,au?or',s ,,preface ,to 8 "w ,on ! ,con/ruction ( ,fire-,eng9es & ,app>atus2 ! ,tra9+ ( ,firem52 & ! ,me?od ( ,proce$+ 9 cases ( ,fire1 publi%$ 9 ,ed9burgh1 9 #ahcj4 ,n hav+ be5 able to f9d any "w on ,fire-,eng9es 9 ! ,engli% language1 ,i h be5 l$ to publi% ! foll[+ rem>ks1 9 ! hope ( induc+ o!rs to give fur!r in=mation on ! subject4 ,= ! /yle ( ! "w ,i make no apology2 & z ,i presume no "o w read x except = ! purpose ( ga9+ in=mation1 my aim w be obta9$ if ,i %all h succe$$ 9 imp>t+ x1 or 9 direct+ ! public att5tion to ! advantage :i* may be d]iv$ f ! sy/ematic tra9+ ( ,firem54 ,,memoir ,,( ,,james ,,braidwood4 ,! hi/ory ( mank9d1 f ! e>lie/ times1 has be5 "o ( alt]nate peace & w> ) fire4 ,! immeasurable value ( its ob$i5ce1 & ! fe>ful consequ5ces ( its insubord9ation1 h1 9 all ages1 made its due subjection "o ( ! mo/ important conditions ( ev5 human exi/5ce itself4 ,z camps & trad+ /ations grew into popul\s cities1 ! dang]s ( fire 7 bo? multipli$ & aggravat$4 ,its ravages 9 ! anci5t capitals ( ! _w are matt]s ( hi/ory2 & x is e/abli%$ t some?+ l organization 0 ext5d$ to ! means !n employ$ = suppress+ conflagrations4 ,ev5 ! fire-eng9e itself1 9 a practicable1 al?\gh imp]fect =m1 0 describ$ & illu/rat$ by a sectional work+ draw+1 by ,h]o ( ,alex&ria1 9 a book writt5 by him m ?an "o hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,9 its _m translations1 f ! orig9al ,greek into ,lat9 & into mod]n tongues1 ,h]o's book1 ) its rem>kable s]ies ( draw+s1 /ill occupies a place 9 ! me*anical lit]ature ( our own "t4 ,b1 al?\gh ! con/ruction ( ! fire-eng9e 0 ?us kn[n two ?\s& ye>s ago1 we h no actual evid5ce ( its use until )9 ! la/ two c5turies2 & )9 ! :ole compass ( ,engli% hi/ory1 at lea/1 we "k t no?+ l discipl9e & organization1 9 ! mod]n s5se ( ! t]ms1 7 introduc$ into ! managem5t ( fire app>atus until a "t q )9 ! recollection ( ! middle-ag$ m5 ( our own day4 ,if !re be any?+ app>5tly improbable 9 ?is fact1 we ne$ only recollect t _m ( ! gr&e/ triumphs ( human g5ius1 ) :i* we are already s famili>1 are n yet =ty ye>s old4 ,! mod]n sy/em ( ,engli% fire brigades belongs :olly to ! p]iod ( railways1 /eam navigation1 & electric telegraphs1 & x owes ne>ly all to ! g5ius & discipl9$ h]oism ( a s+le individual1 ,james ,braidwood1 :o1 b little m ?an f\r ye>s ago1 fell--z nobly = himself z sadly = o!rs--at 8 *os5 po/ ( duty4 ,:at1 :5 he fir/ gave 8 en]gies--inde$1 8 :ole he>t to x1 0 b ! r\gh & unskilful employm5t ( ! fireman1 became "u ,mr4 ,braidwood's comm& & 8 infus+ _s ( ord] & intellig5ce1 z di/+ui%$ f reckless d>+1 a noble pursuit1 almo/ ris+ 9 dignity to a pr(ession1 & inde$ ackn[l$g$ z su* by _m1 & significantly1 al?\gh indirectly1 by ,royalty itself4 ,until ! ye> #ahcc1 n only ! p>i% eng9es ( ! metropolis1 numb]+1 z !y did1 ab\t ?ree hundr$1 b ! eng9es also ( ! ,fire ,insurance ,companies1 7 comp>atively ineffici5t & (t5 out ( ord]1 :ile !y 7 also "u ! mo/ div]se1 if n irresponsible managem5t4 ,!re 7 no really tra9$ firem51 & ^? :o controll$ & work$ ! eng9es 7 (t5] 9 antagonism ) ea* o!r ?an act+ 9 conc]t4 ,! p>i% eng9es 7 9 ! c>e ( ! beadles1 & 9 "o case a beadle's wid[1 ,mrs4 ,smi?1 = "s ye>s comm&$ "o ( ! city eng9es4 ,! en]gies ( ea* b& ( firem5 7 commonly res]v$ = ! protection ( prop]ty only 9 :i* _! own insurance company or p>i% 0 imm$iately int]e/$4 ,z a rule1 :atev] wat] 0 ?r[n ^u a burn+ build+ 0 da%$ aga9/ ! walls1 w9d[s1 & ro( f ! outside only1 v little if any really rea*+ ! actual seat ( ! fire )94 ,z a consequ5ce1 fires1 :i* are n[ quickly got "u1 7 !n left to burn !mselves out1 ! spread+ ( ! fire be+ prev5t$ ei!r by delug+ ! contigu\s build+s ) wat]1 or by pull+ !m d[n altoge!r4 ,james ,braidwood 0 born 9 ,ed9burgh 9 ! ye> #ahjj4 ,8 fa!r 0 a well-kn[n uphol/]] & build]1 :o appe>s to h *os5 = 8 son ! pr(ession ( a surveyor4 ,to ?is end he 0 ent]$ at ! ,high ,s*ool1 !n "u ! rector%ip ( ,mr4 7aft]w>ds ,pr(essor7 ,pillans1 & "h1 & subsequ5tly "u private ma/]s1 ! y\? receiv$ a s\nd education 9 ! bran*es mo/ appropriate to 8 int5d$ pursuit 9 life4 ,he 0 = "s "t engag$ 9 8 fa!r's bus9ess1 & !reby ga9$ an am\nt ( practical k1 :i* 0 (1 p]haps1 z mu* s]vice to him 9 8 subsequ5t c>e] z a fireman1 z x w\ld h be5 _h he adopt$ ! pr(ession orig9ally *os5 = him4 ,"y ,braidwood 0 an apt /ud5t1 a fact1 p]haps1 suffici5tly atte/$ aft]w>ds by 8 successful au?or%ip1 at ! age ( ?irty1 ( ! only ,engli% "w !n extant ^u ! fire-eng9e & its prop] managem5t4 ,he read mu*1 wrote well1 0 a good draughtsman1 & _h a s\nd k ( me*anics4 ,b :e!r 8 p[]s requir$ wid] scope ?an a surveyor's practice c\ld (f]1 or :e!r1 m ?an =ty ye>s ago1 & 9 ,ed9burgh1 ! *ances ( pr(essional success 7 v mu* less ?an n[1 ,james ,braidwood soon turn$ 8 m9d to :at became ! great "w ( 8 life4 ,he 0 becom+ kn[n = activity & a high ord] ( p]sonal c\rage1 & !re 7 ^? 9 place & p[] :o saw 9 him ! o!r elem5ts ( "* :i* g to make a successful lead] ( m54 ,he 0 soon1 & :5 b tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( age1 made ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,ed9burgh fire eng9es1 & he almo/ z soon began to re=m _! ineffici5t & vici\s sy/em ( managem5t4 ,he _h held 8 po/ b ?ree weeks1 h[ev]1 :5 ! s]ies ( fires broke =? :i* /ill be> ! "n ( ! ,great ,fire ( ,ed9burgh4 ,_m ( ! old & l(ty h\ses 9 ! ,high ,/reet 7 de/roy$1 betwe5 f\r & five hundr$ families 7 made h\seless1 t5 p]sons 7 ei!r kill$ outright or fatally injur$1 & = sev]al days ne>ly ! :ole ( ! ,high ,/reet1 if n ! l>g] "p ( ! old t[n1 0 ?reat5$ ) de/ruction4 ,nev] 7 ! consequ5ces ( want ( organization m conspicu\s4 ,!re 0 no real comm&1 = !re 7 none to obey2 & :ile ^? :o might h /opp$ ! flames at ! outset1 wa/$ _! own en]gies 9 r&om ef=ts1 or1 p]haps1 fell to qu>rell+ among !mselves1 ! fe>ful deva/ation roll$ on4 ,! occasion 0 suffici5t to induce ! au?orities & insurance companies to li/5 to & pr(it by ,mr4 ,braidwood's recomm5dations4 ,!y cons5t$ to be> 9 common ! exp5ses necess>y to organize & ma9ta9 an effici5t brigade4 ,?is 0 soon =m$ ( pick$ m51 :o1 al?\gh daily engag$ 9 _! =m] ord9>y occupations1 7 regul>ly inspect$1 tra9$1 & ex]cis$ e>ly 9 "o morn+ ( e week4 ,fires 7 becom+ m & m num]\s ye> by ye>2 b ! influ5ce ( ! improv$ sy/em 0 soon felt4 ,! m5 7 taught to improve to ! utmo/ ! fir/ few m9utes aft] an al>m 0 giv51 & by con/ant emulation & discipl9e1 a _s ( wond]ful read9ess 0 cultivat$ 9 !m4 ,!y 7 tra9$ to seek out & foll[ up ! s\rce ( a fire be=e x _h _h "t to spread1 & to ?r[ ! wat] f ! eng9es directly ^u x1 in/ead ( wa/efully1 if n injuri\sly ab\t4 ,! result 01 t :ile out ( =ty-eight fires :i* happ5$ 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ! hi/ory ( ! brigade1 elev5 prov$ total losses1 & twelve consid]able losses1 ! numb] ( total losses decreas$ rapidly1 ye> by ye>1 :ile ! :ole numb] ( calls 0 almo/ z rapidly increas+4 ,?us 9 ! second ye> ( ! brigade !re 7 eighty calls1 ( :i* sev5 7 total1 & eighte5 consid]able losses4 ,9 ! next ?ree ye>s1 ) f n9ety-f\r to "o hundr$ & n9ety-f\r calls ye>ly1 !re 0 b "o total loss 9 ea* ye>1 & b f n9e to eighte5 consid]able losses4 ,mr4 ,braidwood 0 mean:ile improv+ ! fire-escapes1 & :5 new eng9es 7 add$ to ! =ce1 he procur$ bett] workman%ip4 ,by 8 p]sonal influ5ce1 also1 m ?an by ! m]e advantage ( (ficial position1 ,mr4 ,braidwood secur$ ! con/ant co-op]ation ( ! police 9 giv+ ! e>lie/ al>ms ( fire1 & 9 facilitat+ ! lab\rs ( ! firem5 :5 actually on duty4 ,z has j be5 %[n1 ! results ( me?od1 appli$ skill1 & ( a p]sonal devotion cultivat$ "u ! high impulse ( imm$iate public obs]vation & approval1 7 soon manife/4 ,to ?is va/ improvem5t ! ,ed9burgh ,m]cury1 z repres5t+ ! op9ion ( ! citiz5s ( ! ,scotti% capital1 bore public te/imony 9 its issue ( ,augu/ #ad1 #ahbh1 :5 ! ,fire ,brigade ( t city _h be5 te/$ by ne>ly five ye>s ( con/ant trial1 & ) conspicu\s success4 ,ref]r+ to ! excell5t organization ( ! e/abli%m5t1 x 0 rem>k$ t !re 7 !n b few1 if any1 s]i\s fires 9 ,ed9burgh1 = :5 a fire broke out--& ! al>ms 7 z frequ5t z ev]--x 0 spe$ily *eck$4 ,said ! writ]3-- ,n only is ! app>atus con/ruct$ on ! be/ possible pr9ciples1 b ! :ole sy/em ( op]ations has be5 *ang$4 ,! public1 h[ev]1 d n see ! same bu/le1 or he> ! same noise z =m]ly2 & h5ce !y seem errone\sly to conclude t !re is no?+ done4 ,! fact is1 ! spectator sees ! prep>ation = action made1 b he sees no m4 ,:]e ! /r5g? ( ! m5 & ! supply ( wat] us$ to be wa/$1 by be+ ?r[n aga9/ w9d[s1 walls1 & ro(s1 ! firem5 n[ seek out ! spot :]e ! dang] lies1 & creep+ on h&s & feet into a *amb] full ( flame1 or smoke1 (t5 at ! haz>d ( suffocation1 discov] ! exact seat ( dang]2 &1 by br++ ! wat] 9 contact ) x1 obta9 imm$iate ma/]y ov] ! p[]ful elem5t ) :i* !y h to cont5d4 ,9 ?is d>+ & dang]\s "w m5 h occasionally fa9t$ f heat1 or dropp$ d[n f want ( respiration1 9 :i* cases ! next p]son at h& is always ready to assi/ 8 companion1 & to release him f 8 s]vice ( dang]4 ,9 a fire :i* happ5$ :ile ,mr4 ,braidwood 0 at ! head ( ! ,ed9burgh ,brigade1 he won great admiration by br++ out f ! burn+ build+ a quantity ( gunp[d] :i* 0 kn[n to be /or$ !re4 ,he w\ld n ask any ( 8 m5 to und]take ?is dang]\s feat1 b1 amid/ ! brea?less susp5se ( ?\s&s ( spectators1 he coolly se>*$ = & safely c>ri$ out1 fir/ "o1 & !n a second1 cask ( ?is explosive mat]ial4 ,_h ! fire rea*$ ! p[d]1 x 0 kn[n t ! wor/ consequ5ces ( ! conflagration w\ld h be5 imm5sely increas$4 ,! fame ( ! ,ed9burgh ,brigade rapidly spread ?r\gh\t ! k+dom1 & x gradually became reg>d$ z a model to :i* all o!r organizations = ! suppression ( fires w\ld ultimately be made to con=m4 ,z a response to con/ant inquiries f a di/ance1 ,mr4 ,braidwood1 9 #ahbi1 =w>d$ to ! ,society ( ,arts1 ,london1 a description ( 8 *a9-ladd] fire-escape4 ,= ?is invaluable app>atus1 :i* _h already effect$ a consid]able sav+ ( life1 ! ,society's ,silv] ,m$al 0 aw>d$1 &1 accompany+ ! aw>d1 ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,society ext5d$ an invitation to ! au?or to give a complete acc\nt ( 8 mode ( drill+ firem51 & comb9+ ! use ( fire-escapes ) ! ord9>y fire-eng9e s]vice4 ,respond+ to ?is invitation1 ,mr4 ,braidwood 9 ! foll[+ ye> publi%$ 8 "w ,on ! ,con/ruction ( ,fire-,eng9es & ,app>atus1 ! ,tra9+ ( ,firem51 & ! ,me?od ( ,proce$+ 9 ,cases ( ,fire4 ,f ?is "w1 :i* may /ill be reg>d$ z an au?ority1 ext5sive extracts h be5 made 9 ! subsequ5t *apt]s ( ! pres5t volume1 & x ne$ n1 !re=e1 be fur!r ref]r$ to "h ?an to say t x =m$ a ?or\ghly orig9al acc\nt ( an orig9al sy/em1 & t its illu/rations1 :i* 7 especially cle>1 7 drawn by ! au?or's own h&4 ,?is "w attract$ mu* att5tion f municipal bodies & insurance companies ?r\gh\t ! k+dom1 & m ?an "o (ficial deputation visit$ ,ed9burgh to le>n f ,mr4 ,braidwood himself ! details ( a sy/em :i* 0 already work+ su* important results4 ,9 ,london1 especially1 ?ree ,we/ ,india w>eh\ses _h be5 burnt 9 ! ye> #ahbi1 ) a loss ( #cjj1jjjl42 & ) ! ext5d+ use ( gas1 ! increas+ frequ5cy ( fires1 & ! conspicu\s ineffici5cy ( ! p>i% eng9es1 & ! want ( unity ( action among ! insurance companies1 x 0 felt t :at _h answ]$ s well 9 ,ed9burgh w\ld prove /ill m valuable 9 ! metropolis4 ,! g5]al e/imation 9 :i* ,mr4 ,braidwood's s]vices 7 !n held may be consid]$ z express$ 9 ! foll[+1 among o!r contempor>y reviews ( 8 book3-- ,! ,ed9burgh ,fire-eng9e ,e/abli%m5t is n[ all b p]fect4 ,a unity ( sy/em has be5 accompli%$1 & a corps ( firem5 mu/]$1 :o1 9 po9t ( physical vig\r & moral intrepidity1 are all entitl$ to be d5om9at$ *os5 m54 ,at ! head ( ?is b& /&s ,mr4 ,braidwood1 an individual :o has on sev]al occasions giv5 abundant evid5ce ( promptitude 9 extremity1 & a noble contempt ( p]sonal dang]1 & ^: en?usiasm1 9 :at we may call 8 pr(ession1 c\ld n h be5 m /rik+ly exemplifi$ ?an by 8 illu/rat+ x 9 ! mann] we n[ see be=e u4 ,x is ! only book we are acqua9t$ ) t treats ( ! sy/ematic tra9+ ( firem52 & f ! p]spicuity ( its details1 x mu/ necess>ily become ! manual ( all su* in/itutions1 & ought to f9d a place 9 e insurance (fice 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,x _h be5 f "t to "t attempt$ to br+ ! fire app>atus ( ! ,london ,insurance ,companies "u a s+le managem5t2 b x 0 ne>ly t5 ye>s aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,ed9burgh ,fire ,brigade1 & only :5 ,mr4 ,braidwood himself _h be5 invit$ to come to ,london1 t ?is 0 at la/ effect$4 ,z = ! p>i% eng9es1 !y 7 :olly neglect$ "u ?is arrangem5t1 &1 inde$1 a great numb] ( !m _h be5 already all[$ to fall into disuse1 z f> z c\ld be p]mitt$ )\t incurr+ ! p5alties ( ! ,/atutes ( #aggd4 ,on ! #a/ ,janu>y1 #ahcc1 at ! in/ance ( ,mr4 ,=d1 ( ! ,sun ,fire-(fice1 eight ( ! insurance companies =m$ an association ( fire-eng9es & firem51 ea* company )hold+ its own di/9ctive "n & badges f ! unit$ =ce4 ,?is 0 kn[n z ! ,london ,fire-eng9e ,e/abli%m5t4 ,x 0 support$ by ! companies 9 common1 ea* 9 proportion to ! premiums receiv$ f its bus9ess 9 ,london1 a m9imum rate be+ fix$4 ,ea* company contribut+ to ! support ( ! e/abli%m5t nom9at$ "o memb] ( ! committee ( managem5t4 ,?is association exi/$ = ?irty-?ree ye>s1 :5 on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y1 #ahff1 ! ,metropolitan ,bo>d ( ,works took *>ge ( ! fire-eng9es & ! g5]al fire e/abli%m5t ( ! metropolis4 ,mr4 ,braidwood took ! comm& ( ! ,london ,brigade ?us =m$ at ! onset4 ,! ,ed9burgh ,fire-eng9e ,committee1 on accept+ 8 resignation1 pres5t$ him ) a gold wat*1 & a vote ( ?anks1 = ! s+ul>ly indefatigable mann] 9 :i* he _h dis*>g$ ! duties ( 8 important (fice1 n m]ely by 8 extraord9>y ex]tions on occasions ( em]g5cy1 b = ! c>e & att5tion he _h be/[$ on ! tra9+ ( ! firem51 :]eby ! e/abli%m5t _h be5 br\ght to its pres5t high /ate ( effici5cy4 ,he _h previ\sly receiv$ f ! m5 "u him a h&some silv] cup1 be>+ ! foll[+ inscription3--,pres5t$ to ,mr4 ,james ,braidwood1 by ! ,city ( ,ed9burgh ,firem51 z a tok5 ( _! admiration ( him z _! lead]1 & ( deep respect = him z a g5tleman4 ,z 9 ,ed9burgh1 ! ,london ,fire ,brigade "u ,mr4 ,braidwood's sup]9t5d5ce became a new =ce1 & 9 e respect a rem>kable organization4 ,:]e ! ineffici5cy ( ! old firem5 c\ld n at once be made to yield to discipl9e1 !y 7 p5sion$ (f2 & )9 a %ort "t a select b& ( active1 h>dy1 & ?or\ghly tra9$ m5 0 =m$4 ,9 #ahcd1 ! second ye> ( ,mr4 ,braidwood's sup]9t5d5ce1 ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t 7 burnt2 & a mo/ de/ructive fire occurr$ also at ,mile-end4 ,! fir/-nam$ fire creat$ g5]al con/]nation1 & !re are _m p]sons :o c /ill recollect t also at ,mile-end4 ,^! great fires /imulat$ ,mr4 ,braidwood to increas$ ex]tions1 & ! result 0 soon visible 9 ! less5$ proportion ( totally de/roy$ premises to ! :ole numb] ( fires4 ,! brigade _h1 ( c\rse1 no p[] ( prev5tion1 & al>ms ( fire 7 becom+ m num]\s ?an ev]4 ,! use ( friction mat*es & ( gas 0 increas+ enorm\sly2 manufactures1 & ! /eam-eng9es & ma*9]y = conduct+ !m1 7 be+ rapidly multipli$2 & ) ! va/ progress mak+ 9 ! production ( cotton goods1 ! use ( cotton curta9s & b$-furniture 0 becom+ common 9 dwell+s =m+ a l>ge proportion ( ! metropolis1 b 9 :i*1 n long be=e1 su* articles 7 ei!r reg>d$ z luxuries or 7 altoge!r unkn[n4 ,! total numb] ( fires att5d$ by ! brigade 9 ! ye> #ahcc1 exclusive ( *imneys on fire1 0 #deh1 :ile 9 #ahea ! numb] _h ris5 to #ibh2 & al?\gh ,london _h be5 gr[+ all ?is "t1 x _h n d\bl$ 9 size to correspond ) ! increas$ numb] ( fires4 ,b :ile ! total ye>ly numb] ( fires1 s9ce ! =mation ( ! brigade1 has %[n a l>ge & h>dly int]rupt$ increase1 ! numb] ( cases ( total de/ruction has almo/ z /eadily dim9i%$4 ,?us1 totally de/roy$ 0 report$ ( #ca fires 9 ! ye> #ahcc1 :]eas 9 #ahci !re 7 b #ag cases1 & ! av]age = tw5ty-"o ye>s1 f #ahcc to #ahec inclusive1 0 b #be-a_/b ye>ly1 :ile at ! pres5t "t1 ) all ! va/ gr[? ( ,london1 ! av]age1 "u ! cont9uance ( ,mr4 ,braidwood's sy/em1 is h>dly if at all great]4 ,mr4 ,braidwood f ! fir/ exhibit$ excell5t judgm5t 9 8 *oice ( m5 to s]ve "u him4 ,he *ose sailors1 z a rule1 z be+ accu/om$ to ob$i5ce1 & to irregul> & prolong$ duty1 :ile also !y 7 especially h>dy & active2 & :]e !re 0 especial dang] :i* mu/ be met1 he 0 always ready to lead1 & 8 m5 _h soon le>n$ to confide 9 8 quick & s\nd judgm5t 9 em]g5cy1 kn[+ t he w\ld nev] p]mit !m to incur ne$less risk4 ,8 own iron con/itution1 & 8 habits ( con/ant vigilance1 s]v$ z a high /&>d & inc5tive to ^? ab\t him2 & ?us x 01 by selection1 discipl9e1 & example1 re/+ ^u a f\ndation ( ev5 pat]nal k9dness1 t ! m5 ( ! ,london ,fire ,brigade became conspicu\s = _! c\rage1 en]gy1 h>dihood1 & unalt]able devotion to duty4 ,! brigade1 too1 0 mo/ popul> ) ! public1 & c\ld always c\nt ^u any necess>y assi/ance 9 _! lab\rs4 ,! sy/em ( rew>ds giv5 to :oev] 0 ! fir/ to br+ a call ( fire1 ! lib]al gratuity to ! policeman :o fir/ rea*$ ! burn+ premises1 !re prev5t+ undue confusion1 & by keep+ ! /reet-door clos$1 %utt+ (f a /rong draught ( air f ! flames1 & ! h&some pay to ! ready ?rong ( /rong-arm$ m5 :o work$ ! eng9es1 secur$ e co-op]ation f ! public1 beyond t naturally spr++ f a g5]al admiration ( s brave & well-tra9$ a body ( m54 ,mr4 ,braidwood's resid5ce 0 at ! pr9cipal /ation ( ! ,fire-eng9e ,e/abli%m5t 9 ,watl+-/reet4 ,to ?is /ation came all al>ms ( fire4 ,he att5d$ 9 p]son all calls f lead+ ?or\ghf>es1 public build+s1 or localities :]e a s]i\s conflagration might be expect$4 ,9 ! night a call 0 ann\nc$ to him ?r\gh a speak+-tube rea*+ to 8 b$side4 ,! gas 9 8 room 0 always burn+1 & he w\ld quickly decide1 f ! kn[n locality ( ! fire1 & f ! report giv51 :e!r he ne$ g himself4 ,9 any case1 8 m5 7 awake & quickly away4 ,rapidity 9 dress+1 & 9 horse+ & m\nt+ ! eng9es1 0 b a detail ( daily drill4 ,! mom5t ! sc5e ( action 0 rea*$1 no?+ 0 all[$ to /& 9 ! way ( access to ! actual seat ( ! fire1 & no?+ ei!r 9 secur+ a supply ( wat]4 ,! inmates ( ! premises1 if any1 7 quickly got out1 & :]ev] an unhappy creature 0 cut (f by ! flames1 !re 7 always "o or m firem5 ready1 if necess>y1 to brave an app>5tly c]ta9 dea? 9 a h]oic attempt at rescue--an attempt1 inde$1 :i* b seldom fail$4 ,x is b j to say "h t ! firem5 7 always nobly second$1 if n inde$ anticipat$1 9 ^! attempts by ! (fic]s & m5 ( ! ,royal ,society = ! ,protection ( ,life f ,fire--a body :i* has long r5d]$ priceless s]vices to humanity "u mo/ appall+ circum/ances4 ,! m5 ( ! ,fire ,brigade 7 taught to prev5t1 z mu* z possible1 ! access ( air to ! burn+ mat]ials4 ,:at ! op5 door ( ! a% pit is to ! furnace ( a /eam-boil] ! op5 /reet door is to ! h\se on fire4 ,9 bo? cases ! door gives vital air to ! flames4 ,! m5 ( ! ,brigade 7 tra9$ to pursue a fire1 n yet "u full headway1 up-/airs & d[n1 9 at w9d[s & out ?r\gh ! ro(1 any:]e1 s x c\ld be rea*$ directly by ! wat] f ! eng9es4 ,!y 7 made to reg>d x z worse ?an a wa/e to ?r[ ev5 a gallon ( wat] ^u a dead wall or ^u a surface ( slate or pla/]1 s long z by any means ! bran* pipe c\ld be got to be> ^u ! seat ( ! fire itself4 ,! /ati/ics ( ! op]ations ( ! ,london ,fire-eng9e ,e/abli%m5t f #ahcc to ! pres5t "t1 %[ ) :at success ! sy/em orig9at$ & s admirably c>ri$ out by ,mr ,braidwood has be5 pursu$4 ,( ! :ole numb] ( fires n "o 9 fifty n[ proce$s to ! ext5t ( total de/ruction ( ! premises4 ,previ\s to ! organization ( ! ,fire-eng9e ,e/abli%m5t !re 7 no (ficial annual reports ( ! fires 9 ! metropolis4 ,no "o p]son by himself 0 inde$ 9 a position to "k all ( ! fires t happ5$1 any m ?an1 b = ,lloyds'1 c\ld we "k ( all ! wrecks :i* take place ar\nd & ^u our coa/s4 ,x 0 impossible1 "u su* a /ate ( ?+s1 t ei!r ! value ( insurance to ! insur$ or its risk to ! insur] c\ld be rightly kn[n4 ,! g5]al public c\ld only "k t1 l fev]s & c]ta9 o!r classes ( disease1 fires 7 always break+ out1 b no "o c\ld "k1 ev5 approximately1 h[ great or h[ little 0 ! real g5]al risk4 ,:51 h[ev]1 a fire e/abli%m5t 0 =m$1 ! eng9es 7 call$ to all fires1 :e!r ( insur$ or un9sur$ prop]ty4 ,x 0 n n[ difficult to tabulate ! numb] & localities ( fires2 b ,mr4 ,braidwood w5t fur!r1 & ext5d$ 8 ye>ly tables to include ! v>i\s causes ( fires1 & ! classification ( ! premises1 :e!r resid5ces1 %ops1 w>eh\ses1 manufactories1 c41 :]e !y occurr$1 ! subdivision ( ^! classes be+ ext5d$ to e v>iety ( occupation & bus9ess4 ,ev5 ! h\rs at :i* ! v>i\s fires broke out 7 c>efully tabulat$1 & ?us ! p>ticul>s ( ,london fires soon became an important bran* ( /ati/ics1 f :i* ! op]ations ( insurance h d]iv$ increas$ c]ta9ty1 ) great] economy to ! insur$4 ,al?\gh reg>d+ ! tra9+ & discipl9e ( firem5 z ( ! fir/ importance 9 ! organization ( a fire brigade1 ,mr4 ,braidwood gave a l>ge %>e ( att5tion to ! improvem5t ( fire-eng9es & _! k9dr$ appliances4 ,:ile 9 ,ed9burgh1 :]e ! /eepness ( _m ( ! /reets1 & ! r\ghness ( ! pavem5ts 9 ! old] p>ts ( ! t[n prev5t$ ! rapid & easy movem5t ( heavy eng9es1 he recomm5d$ & adopt$ a light] description1 b 9 ,london he recognis$ ! necessity = great] p[]4 ,mr4 ,tilley1 !n a fire-eng9e mak] 9 ! ,blackfri>s'-road1 ably second$ 8 ef=ts1 & at l5g? ! di/9ctive type kn[n z ! ,london ,fire ,brigade ,eng9e 0 produc$1 & :i*1 weigh+ ab\t eighte5 cwt4 :5 ready = s]vice1 w\ld ?r[ eighty-eight gallons ( wat] p] m9ute1 &1 9 %ort trials1 z mu* z #abj gallons 9 ! same "t4 ,?is eng9e 0 m\nt$ ^u spr+s1 & 9 /r5g? & ease ( work+ pres5t$ a m>k$ improvem5t ^u ^? :i* _h prec$$ x4 ,its ord9>y work+ complem5t ( m5 0 tw5ty-eight1 & l>g] eng9es1 ^u ! same g5]al design1 h s9ce be5 made1 to be work$ by f =ty-five to sixty m54 ,! /eam fire-eng9e has already1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 sup]s$$ ! brigade eng9e1 b ! latt] is /ill likely1 = "s "t at lea/1 to be pref]r$ = a l>ge class ( fires1 bo? 9 ,london & 9 ! prov9ces4 ,mr4 ,braidwood at an e>ly date adopt$ ! ord9>y milit>y scal+ ladd]s to ! purposes ( 8 brigade1 two be+ plac$ on ea* eng9e1 & at 8 recomm5dation ladd]s 7 also plac$ on a two-:eel$ c>riage z a conv5i5t fire-escape4 ,he also induc$ ! ,admiralty1 9 #ahda1 to adopt hose-reels 9 ! v>i\s docky>ds1 ^! implem5ts hav+ be5 previ\sly 9 successful use 9 ,new ,york4 ,9 #ahdh he 0 induc$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! l>ge numb] ( small fires to :i* 8 eng9es 7 call$ out1 to adopt a small h&-pump z an auxili>y to ! fire-eng9e4 ,?is c\ld be rapidly br\ght to be>1 & al?\gh work$ by b "o man1 ! value ( a small quantity ( wat] ?r[n directly ^u ! seat ( a small fire 0 f\nd to be great] ?an t ( p]haps tw5ty times z mu* :5 ?r[n ab\t 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,x 0 ( great importance also 9 w>eh\ses /or$ ) valuable goods1 to ?r[ ! lea/ necess>y quantity ( wat] ^u a fire4 ,^! h&-pumps /ill =m an important "p ( ! pres5t app>atus ( ! brigade1 & !y h be5 widely adopt$ else:]e4 ,london1 unlike ,ed9burgh1 has a va/ wat]-side prop]ty1 always expos$ to dang] f fire4 ,almo/ imm$iately1 !re=e1 aft] hav+ tak5 ! comm& ( ! ,london ,brigade1 ,mr4 ,braidwood direct$ 8 att5tion to ! con/ruction ( improv$ float+ fire-eng9es1 to be moor$ 9 ! riv]1 :]e !y w\ld be always available = ! protection ( :>f prop]ty4 ,two 7 con/ruct$1 "o be+ a ma*9e ( great p[]1 ) pumps made to be work$ by #abj m54 ,^! ma*9es prov$ ( great value4 ,9 #aheb1 %ortly aft] ! memorable fire at ,humphrey's w>eh\ses1 he p]suad$ ! ,fire-eng9e ,committee to all[ "o ( ^! eng9es to be alt]$ s z to "w by /eam1 & 9 #ahee a l>ge self-propell+ float+ /eam fire-eng9e 0 made ^u a novel con/ruction1 & :i*1 hav+ already r5d]$ great s]vice at fires on ! riv] side1 /ill ranks z ! mo/ p[]ful ma*9e 9 ! s]vice ( ! brigade4 ,) locomotive boil]s & l>ge d\ble /eam eng9es1 ?is float c /eam n9e miles an h\r1 & :5 9 place at a fire x c ?r[ f\r /reams ( wat]1 ea* f a jet-pipe ( #a-a_/b in* 9 diamet]1 to a great di/ance4 ,9 ! great fire ( #ahfa1 ?is float+ eng9e 0 work$ ) b little int]mission = upw>ds ( a =tnight4 ,9 #ahfj ,mr4 ,braidwood obta9$ ! sanction ( ! ,fire-eng9e ,committee = ! introduction ( a l& /eam fire-eng9e1 & al?\gh he did n live to witness ! pres5t rem>kable developm5t ( ^! ma*9es1 he 0 enabl$ to employ ! fir/ "o 9 ! brigade ) mu* advantage4 ,we may quote "h f a brief b excell5t memoir ( ,mr4 ,braidwood1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! annual report ( ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s = #ahfa3 ,z e>ly z #ahda1 ! ,gov]nm5t began to pr(it by 8 exp]i5ce1 ! ,lords ( ! ,admiralty hav+ 9 t ye> consult$ him on ! subject ( float+ fire-eng9es = ! v>i\s docky>ds4 ,^! 7 ev5tually con/ruct$ f 8 designs & "u 8 sup]9t5d5ce4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> he inspect$ all ! docky>ds1 & report$ fully on ea*1 ) reg>d to bo? float+ & l& fire-eng9es1 ! supply ( wat]1 ! alt]ations ( build+s to prev5t spread ( fire1 & ! prop] c>e requir$ 9 dang]\s trades4 ,f ?is "t1 al?\gh n hold+ any appo9tm5t1 he act$ z ,gov]nm5t consult+ eng9e] on all que/ions relat+ to fire prev5tion & ext9ction1 & he advis$ f "t to "t ! precautions to be tak5 = ! protection ( ! royal palaces & v>i\s o!r public build+s4 ,?is position enabl$ him1 n )\t a great deal ( opposition1 to induce ! ,gov]nm5t to adopt 9 all its dep>tm5ts a uni=m size ( hose-c\pl+4 ,?is is ! "o :i* he introduc$ 9 ,ed9burgh1 & kn[n z ! ,london ,fire ,brigade c\pl+1 is n[ 9 almo/ univ]sal use2 its application has be5 f\nd comp>atively ( z mu* utility = fire-brigade purposes1 z ! adoption ( ! ,:itwor? gauges ( screw-bolts = me*anical eng9e]+4 ,al?\gh s fully occupi$1 he nev] refus$ advice on pr(essional matt]s to all :o s\ght x4 ,! v>i\s dock companies1 public in/itutions1 c\ntry fire brigades1 private firms1 c41 b5efit$ l>gely by 8 exp]i5ce4 ,! num]\s inquiries f =eign c\ntries & ! colonies ) reg>d to ! be/ means ( ext+ui%+ fires1 also made great inroads on 8 "t4 ,9 #ahcc he became an ,associate ( ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 to :i*1 9 #ahdd1 he contribut$ a valuable pap] ',on ! means ( r5d]+ l>ge supplies ( ,wat] available 9 case ( ,fire1 c41' = :i* he 0 aw>d$ a ,tel=d ,m$al2 & 9 #ahdi a second pap] ',on ,fire-,pro( ,build+s4' ,9 #ahef1 a pap] on ',fires3 ! be/ means ( prev5t+ & arre/+ !m2 ) a few words on ,fire-,pro( ,/ructures1' 0 read by him be=e ! ,society ( ,arts4 ,he took great int]e/ 9 ! pass+ ( ,acts ( ,p>liam5t = regulat+ build+s 9 ! metropolis1 0 consult$ by ! fram]s ( ^! ,acts1 & us$ 8 utmo/ influ5ce to prev5t ! endang]+ a :ole neighb\rhood by ! erection ( mon/] w>eh\ses = private pr(it4 ,he /rongly cont5d$ = ! pr9ciple ( divid+ build+s by p>ty-walls c>ri$ ?r\gh ! ro(1 & re/rict+ ^! divisions to a mod]ate cubic cont5t4 ,writ+ to ,"l ,seym\r1 ,commission] ( ,woods & ,=e/s1 on ! #bh? ,june1 #ahea1 he said 't no prep>ations = cont5d+ ) su* fires w give any?+ l ! security t judici\s arrangem5ts 9 ! size & con/ruction ( build+s w d4' ,! wise provisions introduc$ ?r\gh 8 in/rum5tality into ^! ,acts ( ,p>liam5t 7 cont9ually be+ evad$1 & clu/]s ( w>eh\ses quickly rose :i* he saw w\ld1 if on fire1 defy all 8 means ( ext9ction4 ,9 a lett] to ,sir ,w4 ,moleswor?1 ,fir/ ,commission] ( ,public ,works1 dat$ #aj? ,febru>y1 #ahed1 on ! subject ( a propos$ w>eh\se 9 ,tooley-/reet1 he wrote ',! :ole build+1 if once fairly on fire 9 "o floor1 w become su* a mass ( fire t !re is n[ no p[] 9 ,london capable ( ext+ui%+ x1 or ev5 ( re/ra9+ its ravages on e side1 & on ?ree sides x w be surr\nd$ by prop]ty ( imm5se value4' ,h[ lit]ally ?is 0 realiz$1 & at :at co/1 0 %[n by ! great w>eh\se fire 9 ,tooley-/reet1 on ! #bbnd ,june1 #ahfa1 at :i* ,mr4 ,braidwood lo/ 8 life4 ,! great fire at ,cotton's ,:>f2 ,tooley-/reet1 broke out on ,saturday1 ,june #bbnd1 #ahfa1 & cont9u$ to burn = m ?an a =tnight1 consum+ ,scovell's1 & o!r l>ge w>eh\ses1 &1 9 all1 upw>ds ( two millions' wor? ( prop]ty4 ,! fire is believ$ to h orig9at$ 9 ! spontane\s combu/ion ( hemp1 ( :i* upw>ds ( #ajjj tons 7 consum$1 toge!r ) #cjjj tons ( sug>1 #ejj tons ( saltpetre1 ne>ly #ejjj tons ( rice1 #ah1jjj bales ( cotton1 #aj1jjj casks ( tall[1 #aajj tons ( jute1 & an imm5se quantity ( tea1 spices1 c41 besides _m o!r descriptions ( goods4 ,al?\gh discov]$ 9 broad daylight1 & be=e ! flames _h made any consid]able headway1 ! want ( a ready supply ( wat]1 & ! fact t ! iron doors 9 ! division walls betwe5 ! sev]al w>eh\ses _h be5 left op51 tak5 9 connexion ) ! extremely combu/ible nature ( ! mat]ials1 soon r5d]$ hopeless all *ance ( sav+ ! build+s & prop]ty4 ,mr4 ,braidwood 0 ^u ! spot v soon aft] ! al>m _h be5 giv51 & ne>ly ! :ole available =ce ( ! ,fire-eng9e ,e/abli%m5t 0 summon$ at 8 comm&4 ,he appe>s to h at once =ese5 t ! fire w\ld be "o ( no ord9>y magnitude1 & t ! utmo/ t c\ld be done w\ld be to prev5t its ext5d+ widely ov] adjo9+ prop]ty4 ,! float+ fire-eng9es _h be5 got to be> ^u ! flames1 & ! m5 9 *>ge ( ! bran* pipes 71 aft] two h\rs' "w1 already suff]+ greatly f ! int5se heat1 :5 _! *ief w5t to !m to give !m a ^w ( enc\ragem5t4 ,sev]al m9or explosions1 z ( casks ( tall[ or ( oil1 _h be5 he>d1 b z x 0 und]/ood t ! saltpetre /or$ at ! :>f 0 9 build+s n yet alight1 no al>m 0 !n felt z to ! walls fall+ 94 ,at ! mom5t1 h[ev]1 :ile ,mr4 ,braidwood 0 dis*>g+ ?is 8 la/ act ( k9dness to 8 m51 a l\d report 0 he>d1 & ! l(ty wall beh9d him toppl$ & fell1 bury+ him 9 ! ru9s4 ,^? ( 8 m5 :o 7 ne> him _h b>ely "t to escape1 & "o p]son at 8 side1 n a fireman1 0 ov]:elm$ ) him4 ,f ! mom5t :5 ! wall 0 se5 to fall1 x 0 kn[n t :oev] 0 b5ea? x _h be5 in/antly cru%$ to dea?4 ,x is ne$less1 & x w\ld1 inde$1 be out ( place1 to describe "h ! fur!r progress ( ! fire1 :i* _h !n b fairly begun1 & :i* 0 /ill burn+ m ?an a =tnight aft]w>ds4 ,great z 0 ! g5]al con/]nation at s t]rible a conflagration1 x is d\btful if ! public 7 n /ill m impress$ by ! dreadful dea? ( ,mr4 ,braidwood1 & by a feel+ t 8 loss 0 a public mis=tune4 ,h] ,maje/y ! ,que51 ) t ready sympa?y :i* %e has ev] %[n = cru%$ or suff]+ h]oism1 comm&$ ! ,e>l ( ,/am=d to inquire on ! spot1 on ,monday1 :e!r ! body _h yet be5 recov]$ by ! firem51 & ,h] ,maje/y's sympa?ies 7 also convey$ to ,mrs4 ,braidwood4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 until ! foll[+ morn+1 t aft] almo/ con/ant ex]tions1 "u ! greate/ difficulties1 ! cru%$ rema9s 7 rescu$4 ,an inque/ 0 necess>y1 n m]ely to asc]ta9 :at 0 already well kn[n1 t dea? _h be5 in/antly caus$ by accid5t1 b to "k :e!r culpable c>elessness ( any k9d _h indirectly l$ to ! sorr[ful ev5t4 ,none1 h[ev]1 appe>$4 ,! rema9s ( ! fall5 *ief 7 aft]w>ds borne to 8 late resid5ce 9 ,watl+-/reet4 ,! memb]s ( ! committee ( ! ,london ,fire-eng9e ,e/abli%m5t1 =m$ ( repres5tatives f all ( ! tw5ty-five insurance companies ( ,london1 _h already met to express1 by a =mal resolution1 _! s9c]e condol5ce ) ,mrs4 ,braidwood & h] family4 ,x 0 kn[n t ! fun]al w\ld take place on ,saturday1 ,june #bi?1 & x 0 widely felt t a g5]al expression ( sorr[ & respect %\ld be made1 9 view ( ! common loss ( s valu$ a public s]vant1 z well z = ! noble qualities = :i* he _h be5 s long & s well kn[n4 ,on ! occasion ( ! fun]al ?is 0 %[n n m by ! great l5g? & m>k$ "* ( ! cortege itself ?an by ! g5]al susp5sion ( bus9ess 9 ! lead+ ?or\ghf>es ( ! city ?r\gh :i* x pass$1 & by ! hu%$ demean\r ( ! c\ntless multitude :o press$ closely ^u ! procession ?r\gh\t its entire c\rse4 ,among ! ?\s&s :o sadly l$ ! way to ! grave 7 ! ,london ,rifle ,brigade1 ab\t #gjj /rong 7& ( :i* ,mr4 ,braidwood's ?ree sons 7 memb]s71 ! ,sev5? ,t[]-,hamlets1 & o!r rifle corps1 upw>ds ( #ajjj con/ables ( ! metropolitan police =ce1 besides ne>ly #djj memb]s ( ! city police1 ! sup]9t5d5ts & m5 ( ! v>i\s wat] companies1 ! secret>y & conductors & ! b& ( ! ,royal ,society = ! ,protection ( ,life f ,fire1 a l>ge numb] ( private & local fire-brigades1 & ! memb]s ( ! ,london ,fire-eng9e ,e/abli%m5t4 ,! pall-be>]s 7 six ( ,mr4 ,braidwood's eng9e]s & =em51 "s ( :om 7 at 8 side :5 he fell1 & :o _h b>ely escap$ ) _! own lives4 ,foll[+ ! *ief m\rn]s 7 ! ,duke ( ,su!rl&1 ! ,e>l ( ,cai?ness1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,cumm+1 & a l>ge numb] ( relatives & fri5ds ( ! deceas$1 & ! committee ( ! ,london ,fire-eng9e e/abli%m5t4 ,! procession 0 ne>ly "o mile & a-half 9 l5g?1 & 0 ab\t ?ree h\rs 9 its progress f ,watl+-/reet to ,abney ,p>k ,cemet]y1 :]e ! solemn s]vice ( ! dead 0 conduct$ by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,cumm+1 ( ^: congregation ! deceas$ _h long be5 a memb]4 ,) ! exception ( ! great bell ( ,/4 ,paul's1 :i* tolls only on ! occasion ( ! dea? ( a memb] ( ! royal family or ( a "l-mayor 9 (fice1 ! bells ( all ! *ur*es 9 ! city 7 boom+ sl[ly ?r\gh ! day1 & s evid5t 0 ! g5]al sorr[ t x c\ld be truly said t ! he>t ( ! nation m\rn$4 ,on ,?ursday1 ,july #d?1 a public meet+ 0 held at ! ,mansion ,h\se1 :5 resolutions 7 pass$ = ! collection ( subscriptions t[>ds a memorial to ,mr4 ,braidwood's long & ardu\s public s]vices4 ,?is memorial1 x 0 felt1 %\ld take ! =m ( a p]man5t provision = 8 family1 = ! po/ ( ,fire ,brigade ,sup]9t5d5t _h nev] be5 a lucrative "o4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 ! collection ( subscriptions _h ext5d$ beyond a few hundr$ p\nds1 x 0 made kn[n t ! insurance companies _h promptly settl$ ^u ,mrs4 ,braidwood ! full value--speak+ 9 an insurable s5se--( h] husb&'s life4 ,mr4 ,braidwood _h = _m ye>s support$ two maid5 si/]s1 & ! public subscription 0 appli$1 !re=e1 to ! pur*ase ( small annuities = ea* ( !m4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ! ,london ,fire-eng9e ,e/abli%m5t 0 f ! fir/ controll$ only by ! insurance companies1 ^u :om ( c\rse1 fell ! :ole co/ ( its ma9t5ance4 ,_! int]e/ 9 ! suppression ( fires1 al?\gh direct & unmi/akeable1 0 n ! same z t ( ! public4 ,?us1 x w\ld be to ! public advantage t no fires %\ld happ51 :]eas su* a result w\ld be fatal to ! insurance companies1 s9ce no "o 9 t case w\ld insure4 ,al?\gh ! protection ( ! ,e/abli%m5t 0 9 practice ext5d$ alike to bo? insur$ & un9sur$ prop]ty1 ! real object = :i* x 0 =m$ & ma9ta9$ 0 und\bt$ly t ( protect+ insur$ prop]ty only4 ,x 0 ! int]e/ ( ! companies to incur z little exp5se z w\ld1 on ! :ole1 fairly effect ?is purpose1 & x 0 n _! int]e/ to effectually protect ! :ole ( ! metropolis f fire4 ,?us x 0 t1 ) all ! excell5ce ( ! organization & discipl9e ( ! ,fire-eng9e ,e/abli%m5t1 x 0 greatly inf]ior 9 ext5t to :at 0 requisite = ! prop] security ( ! fir/ city 9 ! _w4 ,mr4 ,braidwood _h long felt ?is tru?1 b1 act+ = a private association1 he c\ld only g to ! ext5t ( ! limit$ res\rces at 8 disposal4 ,x 01 m ?an any?+ else1 ! great fire at ,cotton's ,:>f t fir/ direct$ public att5tion to ! necess>y insuffici5cy ( any private e/abli%m5t = ! g5]al suppression ( fires1 & t has l$ to ! legislation "u :i* ! ,fire-eng9e ,e/abli%m5t 01 on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y la/1 tak5 ov] & ext5d$ by ! ,metropolitan ,bo>d ( ,works4 ,london w n[1 x is hop$1 be bett] protect$ f fire1 because ( ! increas$ ext5t ( ! means ( protection2 b x c h>dly be expect$ t ! discipl9e ( ! brigade w be improv$4 ,ap>t f ! public value ( ,mr4 ,braidwood's c>e] 9 increas+ ! common security aga9/ a common foe1 !re 0 mu* 9 8 p]sonal1 intellectual1 & moral qualities wor?y ( admiration4 ,he 0 a man ( /rong & comm&+ frame1 ( inexhau/ible en]gy1 & ( endur+ vitality4 ,! con/itutions ( b few m5 c\ld h )/ood su* long cont9u$ we> & te> z fell to 84 ,he brav$ all wea!rs1 all extremes ( heat & cold1 c\ld sleep or wake at w1 & c\ld "w on long aft] o!rs w\ld h giv5 way4 ,he 0 always at 8 po/1 & 9 no mom5t ( difficulty or dang] did 8 cool judgm5t or 8 /eady c\rage =sake him4 ,x 0 ?is1 toge!r ) 8 consid]ate be>+1 & on occasions ( special trial 8 almo/ womanly k9dness to 8 m51 t inspir$ !m ) unlimit$ confid5ce 9 him & 9 8 plans4 ,beyond ?is1 he 0 a man ( sup]ior m9d1 ) /rong compreh5sive & g5]alis+ faculties4 ,8 v>i\s publi%$ pap]s1 & a correspond5ce ( :i* b few c\ld "k ! ext5t & importance1 z well z 8 ready1 cle>1 & exact mann] 9 /at+ 8 views be=e committees & be=e ^? 9 au?ority1 :o s (t5 consult$ him1 all atte/ an ord] ( m9d :i*1 9 a diff]5t sph]e1 w\ld alone h won di/9ction = its possessor4 ,8 pr(ession 0 "o 9 :i* x happ5s t almo/ e p]son ?9ks himself compet5t to give advice2 yet1 )\t any assumption ( au?ority1 ,mr4 ,braidwood c\ld make x felt :]ev] he pleas$ t he 0 a ma/] 9 ! art ( ext+ui%+ fire4 ,b he 0 n on ?is acc\nt ! less ready to li/5 to sugge/ions1 & !re are numb]s :o c be> te/imony to ! pati5t1 hone/1 & appreciative mann] 9 :i* he consid]$ ! _m & div]se propositions submitt$ to him z ! head ( ! ,fire ,brigade ( ! fir/ city 9 ! _w4 ,! s\ndness ( 8 views & op9ions is suffici5tly atte/$ by ! success ( 8 practice--a success :i*1 b = ! ,gov]nm5t tax ^u fire policies1 w\ld h long s9ce made fire insurance 9 ,london almo/ ! *eape/ ( all ! =ms ( protection ( prop]ty f dang]4 ,! ,london ,brigade 0 insignificant 9 numb]s & tame 9 display :5 comp>$ ) ! eight hundr$ sapeurs pompi]s ( ,p>is1 ) _! p>ade & all _! accessories ( effect--insignificant & tame1 too1 aft] ! glitt]+ app>atus1 impos+ p>aph]nalia1 & deaf5+ clatt] ( ! ,fire ,dep>tm5t ( ,new ,york2 b ,mr4 ,braidwood's *os5 m5 knew h[ to d _! duty1 & consid]+ ! diff]5ces 9 ! mode ( build+ & ( heat+1 & 9 ! ext5t ( light+ 9 ! ?ree great metropoli j nam$1 x is an easy matt]1 on ref]5ce to /ati/ics1 to prove t none o!rs h done bett]4 ,above all1 ,mr4 ,braidwood 0 a g5tleman ( deep ,*ri/ian feel+2 & ^? :o knew him be/ _h nev] d\bt$ t1 _h x be5 8 lot to l+] long 9 pa91 kn[+ ! end t 0 to come1 8 calm b unwav]+ fai? 9 a bett] future w\ld h su/a9$ him ?r\gh all4 ,br\ght up f *ildhood 9 ! fai? ( ! ,scot* *ur*1 he 0 a regul> att5dant ^u ! m9i/rations ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,cumm+4 ,9 8 own quiet way he did mu* good 9 ! poor] di/ricts ( ,london1 & he took a special int]e/ 9 ! ragg$ s*ools ( ! metropolis4 ,:at he 0 9 8 own home may be be/ inf]r$ f ! cru%+ =ce ) :i* 8 dreadful yet noble fate fell ^u ^? :o 7 de>e/ to him4 ,8 family _h already too mu* reason to "k ! dang]s :i* _h always att5d$ 8 c>e]4 ,a /ep-son _h fall51 five ye>s be=e1 9 ne>ly ! same mann]1 & n[ lies buri$ 9 ! same grave4 ,elev5 memb]s1 9 all1 ( ! brigade1 _h p]i%$ 9 ! dis*>ge ( _! duty dur+ ! "t ,mr4 ,braidwood _h comm&$ x3 a fact :i*1 tak5 ) daily exp]i5ce1 po9t$ to o!r victims to foll[4 ,su* consolation1 !n1 z a /rick5 wid[ & a m\rn+ family c\ld h1 next to an abid+ fai? 9 ! goodness ( ,god1 0 9 ! recollection ( ! virtues & noble qualities ( ! husb& & fa!r1 & 9 ! spontane\s sorr[ ) :i* a great p te/ifi$ _! s5se ( 8 wor? & ( _! common loss4 ,to %[ ! univ]sal z well z national e/eem 9 :i* ,mr4 ,braidwood 0 held1 two extracts are "h giv5 f ! num]\s lett]s ( condol5ce address$ to 8 b]eav$ family1 f all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,mr4 ,g4 ,h4 ,all51 ,secret>y to ! ,bo/on 7,am]ica7 ,fire ,dep>tm5t1 writes3 ,x gives me pleasure to unite ) ! ,bo>d 9 te/imony to ! extreme k9dness ( ,mr4 ,braidwood 9 ! conduct ( our correspond5ce1 :]eby we h be5 greatly b5efit$ & receiv$ ext5sive in=mation4 ,all[ me also to ext5d our sympa?y to ^? :o h lo/ "o :o w ev] be rememb]$ z /&+ at ! head ( ! mo/ valu$ arm ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 & "o t y c h>dly expect to be replac$1 except by ye>s ( exp]i5ce & great natural ability4 ,mr4 ,t4 ,j4 ,b[n1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,sydney 7,au/ralia7 ,fire ,brigade1 9 a lett] dat$ #bbnd ,augu/ #ahfa1 says1 ,on receipt ( ! sad news1 our l>ge fire-bell 0 toll$1 ! ,briti% ensign hoi/$ half-ma/ high1 & crape atta*$ to ! firem5's uni=m1 z a tok5 ( respect = "o ( ! noble/ & mo/ self-d5y+ m5 t ev] liv$1 :o sp5t & lo/ 8 life 9 ! s]vice ( 8 fell[-creatures4 ,a ,,true ,,h]o4 ,,james ,,braidwood4--,di$1 ,june #bbnd1 #ahfa4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ,,john ,,halifax1 ,,g5tleman4 ,n at ! battle front1-- ,writ ( 9 /ory2 ,n on ! blaz+ wreck1 ,/e]+ to glory2 ,n :ile 9 m>tyr pangs ,s\l & fle% sev]1 ,di$ he--?is ,h]o new-- ,h]o = ev]4 ,no pomp poetic cr[n'd1 ,no =ms en*a9$ him1 ,no fri5ds applaud+ wat*$1 ,no foes arraign$ him3 ,dea? f\nd him !re1 )\t ,gr&eur or beauty1 ,only an hone/ man ,do+ 8 duty3 ,j a ,god-fe>+ man1 ,simple & l[ly1 ,con/ant at kirk & he>?1 ,k9dly & holy3 ,dea? f\nd--& t\*$ him ) ,f+] 9 fly+3-- ,s he rose up complete-- ,h]o undy+4 ,n[1 all m\rn = him1 ,lov+ly raise him ,up f 8 life obscure1 ,*ronicle1 praise him2 ,tell 8 la/ act1 done mid/ ,p]il appall+1 ,& ! la/ ^w ( *e] ,f 8 lips fall+2 ,foll[ 9 multitudes ,to 8 grave's portal2 ,leave him !re1 buri$ ,9 hon\r immortal4 ,s _m a ,h]o walks ,daily beside u1 ,till comes ! supreme /roke ,s5t to divide u4 ,!n ! ,"l calls ,8 own1-- ,l ?is man1 ev51 ,c>ri$1 ,elijah-l1 ,fire-w+$1 to heav54 ,macmillan's ,magaz9e1 ,vol4 ,,iv41 page #bid4 ,,fire ,,prev5tion ,,includ+ ,,fire-,,pro( ,,/ructures4 ,to prev5t fires x is necess>y to consid] :at are ! pr9cipal causes ( su* calamities4 ,^! may be class$ "u sev]al heads3-- #a4 ,inatt5tion 9 ! use ( fires & lights4 #b4 ,improp] con/ruction ( build+s1 c4 #c4 ,furnaces or close fires = heat+ build+s1 or = me*anical purposes4 #d4 ,spontane\s ignition4 #e4 ,inc5di>ism4 ,z almo/ all fires arise f inatt5tion 9 "o %ape or ano!r1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance t e ma/] ( a h\se or o!r e/abli%m5t %\ld p]sev]e 9 rigidly enjo9+ & en=c+ on ^? "u him1 ! necessity ( obs]v+ ! utmo/ possible c>e 9 prev5t+ su* calamities1 :i*1 9 n9ete5 cases out ( tw5ty1 are ! result ( remissness or inatt5tion4 ,inde$1 if any "o w = a mom5t consid] ! fe>ful risk ( life & prop]ty1 :i* is (t5 incurr$ f a v slight inatt5tion1 ! necessity ( vigilance & c>e w at once be app>5t4 ,imm5se haz>d is frequ5tly incurr$ = ! mo/ trifl+ indulg5ces1 & mu* prop]ty is annually de/roy$1 & valuable lives (t5 lo/1 because a few ?\ghtless individuals _c d5y !mselves ! gratification ( read+ 9 b$ ) a c&le beside !m4 ,"s ye>s ago1 upw>ds ( #ajj1jjjl4 7 lo/1 ?r\gh ! p>tn] ( a l>ge e/abli%m5t light+ gas ) a piece ( pap]1 :i* he ?rew away1 & ?us set fire to ! premises1 al?\gh x 0 a /rict rule 9 ! place t gas %\ld only be light$ ) tap]s1 :i* 7 provid$ = t purpose4 ,9 "o dep>tm5t ( a great public in/itution1 x 01 & is /ill1 a rule t only cov]$ lights %\ld be c>ri$ ab\t1 & = t purpose f\r lant]ns 7 provid$2 yet1 on inquiry "s "t back1 x 0 f\nd t only "o 0 entire1 ! o!r ?ree be+ brok5--"o hav+ lo/ two sides & ! top2 /ill !y 7 all us$ z cov]$ lights4 ,! opportunities = inatt5tion to fires & lights are s v>i\s1 t x is impossible to notice ! :ole4 ,"o ( ! prevail+ causes ( fire is to be trac$ to p]sons lock+ _! doors1 & leav+ _! h\ses to ! c>e ( *ildr54 ,i believe "o-half ( ! *ildr5 ^: dea?s are occasion$ by accid5t suff] f ?is cause alone3 inde$1 almo/ e week ! newspap]s conta9 "s melan*oly confirmation ( :at ,i h "h /at$4 ,intoxication is also a disgraceful & frequ5t cause ( fire4 ,! numb] ( p]sons burn$ to dea? 9 ?is way is really incr$ible4 ,x is true t x does n always happ5 t a fire takes place 9 ! h\se1 9 ei!r ( ! above cases1 al?\gh ! un=tunate be+s ^: clo!s take fire1 r>ely escape ) _! lives2 b ! dang] to ! neighb\rhood is at all times consid]able1 if p]sons 9 a /ate ( inebriety are left 9 a h\se alone4 ,:5 !re is reason to appreh5d t any memb] ( a family w come home at night 9 t /ate1 "s "o %\ld always be appo9t$ to receive him1 & on no acc\nt to leave him till he is put to b$1 & ! light ext+ui%$4 ,i d n mean to say t p mu/ be actually drunk be=e dang] is to be appreh5d$ f !m4 ,inde$1 a v slight degree ( inebriety is dang]\s1 z x always t5ds to blunt ! p]ception1 & to make a p]son c>eless & indiff]5t4 ,i may also add1 t no inconsid]able numb] ( fires are occasion$ by ! ?\ghtless practice ( ?r[+ spirits into ! fire4 ,! dresses ( females tak+ fire adds v mu* to ! li/ ( lives lo/ by fire1 if x does n exce$ all ! o!r causes put toge!r4 ,ano!r v g5]al cause ( fire is t ( approa*+ ) light$ c&les too ne> b$ or w9d[ curta9s2 ^!1 be+ g5]ally q dry1 are1 f ! way 9 :i* !y are hung1 easily set on fire1 &1 z ! flames asc5d rapidly1 :5 once t\*$1 !y are 9 a blaze 9 a mom5t4 ,x is really a/oni%+ to f9d t1 ) daily examples be=e _! eyes1 p %\ld p]si/ 7:e!r insur$ or n seems to make little diff]5ce7 9 practices :i*1 !re is a hundr$ *ances to "o1 may involve bo? !mselves & ! neighb\rhood 9 "o common ru94 ,( ?is sort are ! practices ( look+ "u a b$ ) a light$ c&le1 & plac+ a scre5 full ( clo!s too ne> ! fire4 ,h\ses n unfrequ5tly take fire f c9d]s fall+ betwe5 ! jo9ts ( ! out] & inn] he>?s4 ,:5 smoke is obs]v$ to arise f ! floor1 ! cause %\ld be imm$iately asc]ta9$1 & ! inmates ought on no acc\nt to retire to re/ :ile !re is ! slighte/ smell ( fire1 or any gr\nds to suspect dang] f t cause4 ,occasional fires are caus$ by a v absurd me?od ( ext+ui%+ at night ! fires kept 9 grates dur+ ! day4 ,in/ead ( arrang+ ! emb]s 9 ! grate 9 su* a way z to prev5t _! fall+ (f1 & ?us all[+ ! fire to die out 9 its prop] place1 !y are frequ5tly tak5 (f & laid on ! he>?1 :]e1 %\ld !re be wood-"w und]nea?1 x becomes scor*$1 & ! slighte/ sp>k fall+ ?r\gh a jo9t 9 ! /ones sets x on fire4 ,a v frequ5t cause ( fire 9 %ops & w>eh\ses arises f ! c>elessness ( ! p]son intru/$ to lock !m up4 ,x is no uncommon practice ) ^? to :om ?is duty is intru/$1 to light !mselves out1 or to se>* = any little article :i* may h be5 mislaid1 ) a light$ pap]1 & !n to ?r[ x c>elessly on ! floor1 imag9+ !y h tak5 e necess>y precaution1 m]ely by sett+ _! foot ^u x1 =gett+ t ! curr5t ( air occasion$ by %utt+ ! door frequ5tly rek9dles x1 & produces ! mo/ s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,9 w>eh\ses & manufactories1 fires are n unfrequ5tly caus$ by ! workm5 be+ occasionally kept late at "w4 ,by ! "t _! task is f9i%$1 ! m5 are s tir$ & sleepy1 t ! ext+ui%+ ( fires & lights is done 9 a v c>eless mann]4 ,i recollect an in/ance ( ?is sort1 9 :i* ! flames 7 issu+ f ?ree upp] w9d[s1 & obs]v$ by ! neighb\rs1 :ile ! workm5 engag$ at _! employm5t 9 ! l[] floors knew no?+ ( ! de/ruction t 0 go+ on above4 ,a v s]i\s annual loss is also caus$ by want ( due c>e 9 h&+ up or remov+ ! goods 9 l95-drap]s' %op w9d[s :5 ! gas is burn+4 ,flues tak+ fire (t5 result 9 mis*ief & x is believ$ t _m s]i\s fires h aris5 f ?is cause1 :i* c h>dly be call$ accid5tal1 z1 if flues are prop]ly con/ruct$1 kept mod]ately clean1 & fairly us$1 !y _c take fire4 ,f :at has be5 said1 x w be se5 t c>e & att5tion may d a v great deal t[>ds ! prev5tion ( fire1 & consequ5t loss ( life4 ,x is v easy to make good rules1 & keep !m = a "t1 aft] hav+ be5 al>m$ by "s s]i\s loss ( prop]ty or life1 b ! difficulty is to ma9ta9 con/ant att5tion to ! subject4 ,! mo/ evid5t plan = effect+ ?is seems to be1 = ! ma/]s ?or\ghly to exam9e & consid] ! subject at c]ta9 /at$ p]iods1 n too f> ap>t1 & to con/antly w>n _! dome/ics1 workm51 or o!rs1 ( ! dang] ( ! improp] use ( fires & lights4 ,"o ( ! greate/ prev5tives ( c>elessness 9 ! use ( fires & lights w\ld be a legal inquiry 9 e case1 z x w\ld n only %[ ! faults t _h be5 committ$1 & ?us w>n o!rs1 b ! idea ( be+ expos$ 9 ! newspap]s w\ld be ano!r motive = increas$ c>e4 ,?is plan has be5 adopt$ 9 ,new ,york1 & ! reports ( ! proce$+s ( ,mr4 ,bak]1 ! ,fire ,m>%al1 %[ t ! inquiries !re made h l$ to mo/ useful results4 ,mr4 ,payne1 ! coron]1 held inque/s on fires 9 ! ,city ( ,london "s ye>s ago1 b ! au?orities w\ld n all[ 8 exp5ses1 & !re=e !y 7 giv5 up1 al?\gh believ$ to be highly advantage\s 9 expla9+ accid5tal & o!rs causes ( fire4 ,! improp] con/ruction ( build+s m g5]ally assi/s ! spread ?an is ! orig9al cause ( fires1 al?\gh lay+ he>?s on timb]1 & plac+ timb] too ne> flues1 are con/ant causes ( fire1 & x is believ$ t _m melan*oly occurr5ces h aris5 f ^! & simil> s\rces4 ,"o cause ( dang] f *imneys arises f ! communication :i* !y (t5 h ) ea* o!r 9 "o gable4 ,! divisions or p>titions1 be+ v (t5 f\nd 9 an imp]fect /ate1 ! fire communicates to ! adjo9+ *imney1 & 9 ?is way sometimes wraps a :ole t5em5t 9 flames4 ,i "k a division ( a pr9cipal /reet 9 ,ed9burgh1 9 :i* !re is sc>cely a s+le *imney-head t is n m or less 9 ?is condition2 & ,i h no d\bt t ?is is n an uncommon case4 ,!re is also great dang] f ! ends ( joi/s1 safe-l9tels1 or o!r pieces ( timb]1 be+ all[$ to protrude into *imneys4 ,9 "o in/ance :i* came "u my notice1 a flue pass+ "u ! recess ( a w9d[ _h on ! upp] side no o!r cov]+ ?an ! wood ( ! floor2 ( c\rse1 :5 ! *imney took fire ! floor 0 imm$iately 9 a blaze3 b !re are _m in/ances ( su* c>elessness4 ,x is a common practice among/ c>p5t]s to drive small pieces ( wood into walls = ! purpose ( fix+ _! "w1 n pay+ ! lea/ att5tion z to :e!r ! po9ts run into ! flues or n4 ,9 ! repairs & alt]ations ( old build+s1 h\se-c>p5t]s are1 if possible1 ev5 m c>eless 9 ?is p>ticul>1 ?an 9 ! con/ruction ( new4 ,i "k ( two diff]5t build+s :i* und]w5t "s alt]ations4 ,9 bo? ( ^!1 safe-l9tels _h be5 run into flues1 & bo? ( !m1 aft] ! alt]ations1 took fire2 ! "o 9 consequ5ce ( a f\l *imney1 :i* set fire to ! l9tel2 & al?\gh ! o!r did n take fire f ! same cause1 ! l9tel 0 nev]!less v mu* scor*$1 & oblig$ to be remov$4 ,great c>elessness is frequ5tly exhibit$ by build]s1 :5 erect+ at "o "t two or ?ree h\ses connect$ by mutual gables1 by n c>ry+ up ! gables1 or p>ty-walls1 s z to divide ! ro(s4 ,i h se5 m ?an "o in/ance :]e ! adjo9+ h\se w\ld h be5 q safe1 b = ?is culpable neglect4 ,x is no uncommon ?+1 too1 to f9d h\ses divid$ only by la? & /&>d p>titions1 )\t a s+le brick 9 !m4 ,:5 a fire occurs 9 h\ses divid$ 9 ?is mann]1 ! vacuities 9 ! middle ( ! p>titions act l s _m funnels to conduct ! flame1 !reby greatly add+ to ! dang] f ! fire1 & inf9itely increas+ ! difficulty ( ext+ui%+ x4 ,9 ,london ! ,build+ ,act =bids all su* proce$+s1 b ! ,di/rict ,surveyors d n seem to h suffici5t p[]1 or be able to pay suffici5t att5tion to su* matt]s1 z !y are con/antly met ) at fires4 ,a v flagrant case ( lay+ a he>? on timb] 0 lately expos$ by a fire 9 ! ,city4 ,due notice 0 giv5 ( ! circum/ance1 b no f>!r att5tion 0 paid to ! matt] ?an to make ! proprietor con/ruct ! floor prop]ly1 al?\gh ! ,act gave p[] to f9e = su* neglect4 ,! omission is to be regrett$1 z !re c\ld n h be5 a bett] case = w>n+ o!rs2 x occurr$ 9 a v l>ge e/abli%m5t1 & ! "w 0 done by "o ( ! fir/ build]s 9 ! ,city4 ,_h ?is fire tak5 place 9 ! night & ga9$ "s head1 x w\ld h be5 v difficult to h asc]ta9$ ! cause4 ,z ! premises 7 situat$1 a s]i\s loss ( life might h occurr$1 ! ap>tm5t 9 :i* ! fire orig9at$ be+ ! only means ( retreat :i* t5 or twelve female s]vants _h f _! b$rooms4 ,! ,metropolitan ,build+ ,acts1 up to ab\t ! ye> #ahbe1 by insi/+ ^u p>ty-walls & o!r precautions1 7 invaluable = ! prev5tion ( ! spread ( fires4 ,by !m no w>eh\se 0 p]mitt$ to exce$ a c]ta9 area4 ,f ! ye> #ahdb1 ! area has be5 ex*ang$ = a specifi$ numb] ( cubic feet4 ,b s9ce #ahbe1 a class ( build+s has aris5 ( :i* !re are n[ consid]able numb]s 9 ! ,city1 call$ ,man*e/] or piece goods w>eh\ses1 :i* someh[ h be5 exempt$ f ! law re/rict+ ! ext5t ( w>eh\ses1 on ! plea t !y are n w>eh\ses1 because bulk is brok5 9 !m1 al?\gh x is ?or\ghly und]/ood t ! legislature int5d$ by ! ,act to re/rict ! amass+ su* a quantity ( goods "u "o ro( z w\ld be dang]\s to ! neighb\rhood4 ,man*e/] & piece goods w>eh\ses h = "s "t pa/ be5 built 9 ,london ( unlimit$ size1 sometimes equal to tw5ty av]age h\ses4 ,?is is pretty ne>ly ! same z if t numb] ( h\ses 7 built )\t p>ty-walls1 only t x is mu* worse1 = ! :ole mass g5]ally communicates by well holes & op5 /aircases1 & ?us takes fire ) great rapidity1 &1 f ! quantity ( fre% air )9 ! build+1 ! fire makes mu* great] progress be=e x is discov]$4 ,by ?is means ! risk ( fire 9 ! ,city has be5 greatly increas$1 n only to su* w>eh\ses !mselves1 b to ! surr\nd+ neighb\rhood1 = x is impossible to say h[ f> fires ( su* magnitude may ext5d _! ravages "u unt[>d circum/ances1 !re be+ at pres5t no prev5tive p[] 9 ,london capable ( controll+ !m4 ,to provide su* a p[] w\ld be a v co/ly bus9ess4 ,su* build+s are also aga9/ ! g5]ally receiv$ rule1 t a man may burn himself & 8 own prop]ty1 b he %all n unduly risk ! lives & prop]ty ( 8 neighb\rs4 ,! new ,build+ ,act is likely to repress1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ?is great evil1 unless its mean+ be subv]t$ by "s su* subt]fuge z de/roy$ ! effici5cy ( ! la/ "o4 ,b :at is to be done ) ^? :i* are already built8 ,x may seem t$i\s to dwell s mu* on ?is subject1 b x appe>s to be a risk :i* is n g5]ally mu* ?\ght (1 ?\gh x is ( ! mo/ vital importance to ! safety ( ,london4 ,x is v desirable t ! metropolis %\ld take w>n+ by ! exp]i5ce ( ,liv]pool1 )\t go+ ?r\gh ! fi]y ordeal :i* ! latt] city did4 ,f #ahch to #ahdc1 #ggf1gfbl4 7 lo/ 9 ,liv]pool by fire1 almo/ entirely 9 ! w>eh\se risks4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t ! m]cantile rates ( insurance gradually rose f ab\t #hs4 p] c5t4 to #cjs41 #djs41 &1 x is said1 9 "s cases1 to #des4 p] c5t4 ,su* premiums c\ld n be paid on :olesale transactions1 !re=e ! ,liv]pool p !mselves obta9$ an ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 #f & #g ,vic41 cap4 #aji1 by :i* ! size & height ( w>eh\ses 7 re/rict$1 p>ty walls 7 made imp]ative1 & w>eh\ses 7 n all[$ to be erect$ )9 ?irty-six feet ( any o!r w>eh\se1 unless ! :ole ( ! doors & w9d[-%utt]s 7 made ( wr\ght iron1 ) _m simil> re/rictions4 ,?is ,act appli$ to w>eh\ses already built z well z to ^? to be built1 & any t5ant 0 at lib]ty1 aft] notice to 8 l&lord1 to alt] 8 w>eh\se accord+ to ! ,act1 & to /op 8 r5t till ! exp5se 0 paid4 ,ano!r ,act1 #f & #g ,vic41 cap4 #ge1 0 also obta9$1 = br++ wat] into ,liv]pool = ! purpose ( ext+ui%+ fires & wat]+ ! /reets only4 ,x is suppos$ t ! works direct$1 or p]mitt$1 by ^! two ,acts1 co/ ! p ( ,liv]pool f #bjj1jjjl4 to #cjj1jjjl4 ,%ortly aft] ^! alt]ations _h be5 made1 ! m]cantile premiums aga9 fell to ab\t #hs4 p] c5t4 ,!re is ano!r v common cause ( fire1 :i* seems to come "u ! head ( con/ruction--viz41 cov]+ up a fireplace :5 n 9 use ) wood or pap] & canvas1 c4 ,! soot falls into ! fireplace1 ei!r f ! flue itself1 or f an adjo9+ "o :i* communicates ) x4 ,a neighb\r+ *imney takes fire2 a sp>k falls d[n ! block$-up flue1 sets fire to ! soot 9 ! fireplace1 :i* sm\ld]s till ! cov]+ is burn$ ?r\gh1 & ?us sets fire to ! premises4 ,9 !atres1 t "p ( ! h\se :i* includes ! /age & sc5]y %\ld be c>efully divid$ f t :]e ! spectators assemble by a solid wall c>ri$ up to1 & ?r\gh ! ro(4 ,! op5+ 9 ?is wall = ! /age %\ld be ar*$ ov]1 & ! o!r communications secur$ ) iron doors1 :i* w\ld be kept %ut :ile ! audi5ce 0 9 ! h\se4 ,by ?is plan1 !re w\ld be abundance ( "t = ! spectators to retire1 be=e fire c\ld rea* t "p ( ! !atre :i* !y occupy4 ,! dang] f furnaces or close fires1 :e!r = heat+1 cook+1 or manufactur+ purposes1 is v great1 & no flue %\ld be p]mitt$ to be s us$1 unless x is prep>$ = ! purpose4 ,! reason is1 t 9 a close fire ! :ole ( ! draught mu/ pass ?r\gh ! fire4 ,x ?us becomes s heat$ t1 unless ! flue is prop]ly built1 x is dang]\s ?r\gh\t its :ole c\rse4 ,9 "o in/ance ( a heat+ furnace1 ! heat 9 ! flue 0 f\nd to be #cjj deg41 at a di/ance ( f =ty to fifty feet f ! fire4 ,9 op5 fireplaces1 ! quantity ( cold air c>ri$ up ) ! draught keeps ! flue at a mod]ate heat1 f ! fire upw>ds1 &1 unless ! flue is all[$ to become f\l1 & take fire1 ?is is ! safe/ possible mode ( heat+4 ,heat+ by hot air1 /eam1 & hot wat] are objectionable4 ,fir/1 because !re mu/ be a furnace & furnace flue1 & ! flue us$ is g5]ally t built = an op5 fire only2 & second1 ! pipes are c>ri$ 9 e direction1 to be z mu* out ( sight z possible4 ,by ?is means !y are con/antly liable to produce spontane\s ignition1 = !re appe>s to be "s *emical action betwe5 heat$ iron & timb]1 by :i* fire is g5]at$ at a mu* l[] temp]ature ?an is necess>y to ignite timb] "u ord9>y circum/ances4 ,no satisfactory explanation ( ?is fact has yet be5 giv51 b !re is abundant pro( t su* is ! case4 ,9 heat+ by hot-wat] pipes1 ^? h]metically seal$ are by f> ! mo/ dang]\s1 z ! /r5g? ( ! pipes to resi/ ! pressure is ! only limit ( ! heat to :i* ! wat]1 & ( c\rse ! pipes1 may be rais$4 ,9 "s cases a plug ( metal :i* fuses at #djj deg4 is put into ! pipes1 b ! heat to :i* ! plug is expos$ w dep5d v mu* on :]e x is plac$1 z1 h[ev] great may be ! heat ( ! exit pipe1 ! return pipe is comp>atively cool4 ,b ev5 :]e ! pipes are left op51 ! heat ( ! wat] at ! furnace is n necess>ily #bab deg44 ,x is almo/ ne$less to say t #bab deg4 is ! heat ( boil+ wat] "u ! pressure ( "o atmosph]e only2 b if ! pipes are c>ri$ sixty or sev5ty feet high1 ! wat] 9 ! furnace mu/ be "u ! pressure ( ne>] ?ree atmosph]es ?an "o1 & !re=e ! heat w be proportionately increas$4 ,fires f pipes = heat+ by hot wat] h be5 kn[n to take place )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] fir/ heat+1 & "s aft] t5 ye>s ( app>5t safety4 ,! ,new ,metropolitan ,build+ ,act prescribes rules = ! plac+ /eam1 hot-air1 & hot-wat] pipes at a c]ta9 di/ance f timb]2 b z x mu/ be extremely difficult = ! ,di/rict ,surveyors to wat* su* m9ute proce$+s1 x becomes e "o :o is anxi\s = safety to see t ! ,di/rict ,surveyors h due notice ( any op]ation ( ?is k9d4 ,ano!r cause ( fire :i* may come "u ?is head is ! use ( pipes = convey+ away ! products ( combu/ion4 ,e "o is acqua9t$ ) ! dang] ( /ove pipes1 b all are n p]haps aw>e t pipes = convey+ away ! heat & effluvia f gas-burn]s are also v dang]\s :5 plac$ ne> timb]4 ,x is n an uncommon practice to convey su* pipes betwe5 ! ceil+ & ! floor+ ( ! floor above4 ,?is is highly dang]\s4 ,gas-burn]s are also dang]\s :5 plac$ ne> a ceil+4 ,a rem>kable in/ance ( ?is took place lately1 :]e a gas-burn] set fire to a ceil+ #bh-a_/b in*es f x4 ,ano!r evil ( furnaces is1 t ! orig9al fireplace is sometimes n l>ge en\gh to conta9 ! app>atus1 & ! p>ty wall is cut into4 ,p]haps x may be necess>y to notice at ?is po9t ! use ( gas1 z x is becom+ s v g5]al4 ,gas1 if c>efully laid on1 & prop]ly us$1 is saf] ?an any o!r light1 s f> z actually sett+ fire to any?+ goes1 b ! great] heat giv5 out s dries up any combu/ibles )9 its rea*1 t x prep>es !m = burn+1 & :5 a fire does take place1 ! de/ruction is mu* m rapid ?an 9 a build+ light$ by o!r means4 ,gas-/oves1 also1 f ! great heat giv5 out1 sometimes cause s]i\s accid5ts2 9 "o in/ance1 a gas-/ove set fire to a beam ?r\gh a two-&-half in* ,york l&+1 well b$d$ 9 mort>1 al?\gh ! lights 7 five or six in*es above ! /one4 ,?is is m5tion$ to %[ t gas-/oves require q z mu* c>e z common fires4 ,spontane\s ignition is believ$ to be a v fruitful cause ( fires2 b1 unless ! fire is discov]$ almo/ at ! comm5cem5t1 x is difficult to asc]ta9 positively t ?is has be5 ! cause4 ,spontane\s ignition is g5]ally accel]at$ by natural or artificial heat4 ,= in/ance1 :]e sub/ances liable to spontane\s ignition are expos$ to ! heat ( ! sun1 to furnace flues1 heat$ pipes1 or are plac$ ov] ap>tm5ts light$ by gas1 ! process ( ignition proce$s mu* m rapidly ?an :5 9 a cool] atmosph]e4 ,sawdu/ 9 contact ) vegetable oil is v likely to take fire4 ,cotton1 cotton wa/e1 hemp1 & mo/ o!r vegetable sub/ances are alike dang]\s4 ,9 "o case oil & sawdu/ took fire )9 sixte5 h\rs2 9 o!rs1 ! same mat]ials h la9 = ye>s1 until "s ext]nal heat has be5 appli$ to !m4 ,! great] numb] ( ! s]i\s fires :i* h tak5 place 9 railroad /ations 9 & ne> ,london h comm5c$ 9 ! pa9t /ores4 ,9 a v l>ge fire 9 an oil w>eh\se1 a quantity ( oil 0 spilt ! day be=e & wip$ up1 ! wip+s be+ ?r[n aside4 ,?is 0 believ$ to h be5 ! cause ( ! fire1 b direct pro( c\ld n be obta9$4 ,du/-b9s also v (t5 cause s]i\s accid5ts4 ,9 "o in/ance1 #cj1jjjl4 to #dj1jjjl4 7 lo/1 app>5tly f hot a%es be+ ?r[n into a du/-b94 ,^! accid5ts may 9 a great measure be avoid$ by con/ant c>e & att5tion to cleanl9ess1 & :]e pa9ts & oils are necess>y1 by keep+ !m 9 "s place outside ! pr9cipal build+s4 ,du/-b9s %\ld1 z mu* z possible1 be plac$ 9 ! op5 air1 & :]e t _c be done1 !y %\ld be empti$ once a day4 ,no collection ( rubbi% or lumb] ( any sort %\ld be all[$ to be made 9 any build+ ( value4 ,mr4 ,wyatt ,papwor?1 ar*itect1 has publi%$ "s v int]e/+ notes on spontane\s ignition1 giv+ sev]al well-au!nticat$ in/ances4 ,inc5di>ism may be divid$ into ?ree sorts--malici\s1 fraudul5t1 & monomaniac4 ,( ! =m] !re has be5 v little 9 ,london = _m ye>s4 ,! second1 h[ev]1 is r preval5t4 ,! insurance (fices1 :i* are ! victims1 protect !mselves z well z !y c1 b an inque/ on ea* fire is ! true mode ( less5+ ! evil4 ,?is is mu* m ! int]e/ ( ! public ?an at fir/ seems to be ! case4 ,9 sev]al in/ances :]e ! crim9als 7 br\ght to puni%m5t by ,mr4 ,payne's inque/s1 p 7 asleep 9 ! upp] p>ts ( ! h\ses set fire to1 & 9 "o case !re 7 z _m z twelve or fifte5 p]sons4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is seldom /at$ 9 ! indictm5t1 z1 if x is1 ! puni%m5t is /ill dea? by ! law1 & x is suppos$ t a conviction is m easily obta9$1 by ! capital *>ge be+ waiv$4 ,monomania is a r>e cause ( inc5di>ism1 b /ill sev]al well-c]tifi$ cases h occurr$ 9 :i* no possible motive c\ld be giv54 ,9 "o in/ance a y\? ( fifte5 set fire to 8 fa!r's premises sev5 times )9 a few h\rs4 ,9 ano!r1 a "y female on a visit set fire to h] fri5d's furniture1 c41 t5 or elev5 times 9 ! c\rse ( "o or two days4 ,9 nei!r case c\ld any?+ l disagreem5t or h>%ness be elicit$1 b ! rev]se4 ,9 o!r in/ances1 x has be5 /rongly suspect$ t ?is disease 0 ! cause ( repeat$ fires1 b !re 0 no positive pro(4 ,9 all ^! cases1 kn[n or suspect$1 ! p>ties 7 g5]ally f f\rte5 to tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,,fire-,,pro( ,,/ructures4 ,:at is ,fire-pro( ,con/ruction8 is a "q :i* has giv5 rise to a great deal ( discussion1 simply1 z x appe>s to me1 because ! size ( ! build+s1 & ! quantity & description ( ! cont5ts1 h n always be5 tak5 into acc\nt4 ,t :i* may be p]fectly firepro( 9 a dwell+ h\se1 may be ! weake/ 9 a l>ge w>eh\se4 ,suppose an av]age-siz$ dwell+-h\se #bj x #dj x #ej #dj1jjj cubic feet1 built ) brick p>titions1 /one or slate /airs1 wr\ght-iron joi/s fill$ 9 ) concrete1 & ! :ole well pla/]$4 ,su* a h\se w be practically fire-pro(1 because !re is no probability t ! furniture & floor+ 9 any "o room1 w\ld make fire en\gh to communicate to ano!r4 ,b suppose a w>eh\se equal to tw5ty su* h\ses1 ) floors completely op51 support$ by ca/-iron pill>s1 & ea* floor communicat+ ) ! o!rs by op5 /aircases & wells2 suppose1 fur!r1 t x is half fill$ ) combu/ible goods1 & p]haps ! walls & ceil+s l9$ ) timb]4 ,n[1 if a fire takes place bel[1 ! mom5t x bur/s ?r\gh ! upp] w9d[s or skylights1 ! :ole place becomes an imm5se bla/ furnace2 ! iron is melt$1 & 9 a comp>atively %ort "t ! build+ is 9 ru9s1 &1 x may be1 ! half ( ! neighb\rhood de/roy$4 ,! real fire-pro( con/ruction = su* build+s is gro9$ brick ar*es1 support$ on brick pill>s only4 ,?is mode ( build+1 h[ev]1 involves s mu* exp5se1 & occupies s mu* space1 t x _c be us$ ) advantage4 ,! next be/ plan is to build ! w>eh\ses 9 comp>tm5ts ( mod]ate size1 divid$ by p>ty-walls & d\ble wr\ght-iron doors1 s t if "o ( ^! comp>tm5ts takes fire1 !re may be a reasonable prospect ( conf9+ ! fire to t comp>tm5t only4 ,aga91 ca/ iron gives way f s _m diff]5t causes1 t x is impossible to calculate :5 x w give way4 ,! ca/+s may h flaws 9 !m2 or !y may be too weak = ! weight !y h to support1 be+ sometimes )9 #aj p] c5t41 or less1 ( ! break+ weight4 ,! expansion ( ! gird]s may ?ru/ out ! side walls4 ,= in/ance1 9 a w>eh\se #abj feet x #ge feet x #hj feet1 !re are ?ree cont9u\s r[s ( gird]s on ea* floor1 ) butt jo9ts2 ! expansion 9 ?is case may be twelve in*es4 ,! tie rods to take ! /ra9 ( ! flat ar*es mu/ exp& & become useless1 & ! :ole ( ! lat]al /ra9 be ?r[n on ! gird]s & side walls1 p]haps weak en\gh already4 ,aga91 ?r[+ cold wat] on ! heat$ iron may cause an imm$iate fracture4 ,= ^! & simil> reasons1 ! firem5 are n p]mitt$ to g into w>eh\ses support$ by iron1 :5 once fairly on fire4 ,ca/ & wr\ght-iron h be5 frequ5tly fus$ at fires 9 l>ge build+s su* z w>eh\ses1 sug> h\ses1 c41 b accord+ to ,mr4 ,fairbairn's exp]im5ts on ca/ iron 9 a heat$ /ate1 x is n necess>y t ! fus+ po9t %\ld be atta9$ to cause x to give way4,a ,he also /ates1 t ! loss ( /r5g? 9 cold-bla/ ca/ iron1 9 a v>iation ( temp]ature f #bf deg4 to #aij deg4 #afd deg4 ,fahr41 is #aj p] c5t41 & 9 hot-bla/ at a v>iation ( f #ba deg4 to #aij deg4 #afi deg4 ,fahr41 is #ae p] c5t42 n[ if ! loss ( /r5g? advances 9 any?+ l ?is ratio1 ! iron w be totally useless z a support1 long be=e ! fus+ po9t is atta9$4 ,mu* confid5ce has be5 plac$ 9 wr\ght-iron tie or t5sion rods1 to take ! lat]al /ra9 ( ! ar*es1 & also 9 trusses to support ! beams2 b x mu/ be evid5t t ! expansion ( ! iron f ! heat1 w\ld r5d] !m useless1 & "u a high temp]ature1 x w\ld be s great z to unsettle ! brickwork1 & accel]ate its fall1 on any "p ( ! iron-"w giv+ way3 aga91 ! application ( cold wat] to ! heat$ iron1 9 an endeav\r to ext+ui% ! fire1 is almo/ c]ta9 to cause "o or m fractures4 ,! brick-ar*+ is also v liable to fall1 especially if only f\r & a half in*es ?ick1 indep5d5tly ( ! weight :i* may be plac$ ^u x1 = x is n uncommon aft] a fire 9 a l>ge build+1 to f9d ! mort> almo/ completely pulv]iz$ to ! dep? ( ?ree in*es1 or f\r in*es1 f ! face ( ! wall4 ,:5 a fire occurr$ "u "o ( ! ar*es ( ! ,blackwall ,railway1 on ! #ae? ,july1 #ahdc1 a portion ( ! l[] r+ fell d[n1 & also a few bricks f ! next r+4 ,ano!r v s]i\s objection to build+s ( ?is description1 is t1 unless sci5tifically con/ruct$1 !y are v unlikely to be safe1 ev5 = ! common purposes int5d$1 indep5d5t ( ! risk ( fire4 ,9 ! ,report ( ,sir ,h5ry ,de la ,be*e & ,mr4 ,?omas ,cubitt on ! fall ( ! mill at ,oldham1 9 ,octob]1 #ahdd1;,b x is /at$ t ! /r5g? ( ! iron-beams 0 )9 t5 p] c5t4 ( ! break+ weight4 ,n[ accord+ to ,mr4 ,fairbairn's exp]im5ts on heat$ iron1 already ref]r$ to1 an increase ( temp]ature ( only #agj deg4 w\ld h de/roy$ ! :ole build+4 ,x is q cle>1 !re=e1 t s long z mill-own]s & o!rs cont9ue to con/ruct su* build+s )\t prop] advice1 !y mu/ be liable to ^! accid5ts4 ,9 timb]-floors !re c be no su* risk1 z ! /ra9s are all direct1 & any j\rneyman c>p5t]1 by foll[+ good examples1 c asc]ta9 ! size requir$2 & ev5 if he makes a mi/ake1 ! evil is comp>atively trivial1 z ! timb] w give notice be=e yield+1 & may be propp$ up = ! "t1 until x c be prop]ly secur$4 ,9 ! case ( fire-pro( build+s1 an ignorant p]son may make _m mi/akes )\t be+ aw>e t he has done s1 & ! slighte/ failure is probably fatal to e "o )9 ! walls4 ,?is also increases ! difficulty & dang] ( ext+ui%+ fires 9 a l>ge build+1 z ! only me?od ( do+ s is = ! firem5 to ent] x ) _! bran*es1 & 9 case ( ! floors fall+1 !re is no *ance ( escape4 ,on ! o!r h&1 timb]-floors h repeat$ly fall5 :ile ! firem5 7 inside ! build+1 & !y h made _! escape un9jur$4 ,9 a pamphlet publi%$ by ,mr4 ,s4 ,holme1 ( ,liv]pool1 9 #ahdd1;,c & :i* conta9s a report f ,mr4 ,fairbairn on fire-pro( build+s1 x is /at$1 t _m p1 especially 9 ! manufactur+ di/ricts1 are _! own ar*itects2 t ! w>eh\ses 9 ,liv]pool may be load$ to "o ton p] y>d ( floor+2 & t unless great c>e & k are us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( fire-pro( build+s1 !y are ( all o!rs ! mo/ dang]\s4,d ,! foll[+ are ! pr9ciples on :i* ,mr4 ,fairbairn proposes to build fire-pro( w>eh\ses3-- ,! :ole ( ! build+ to be compos$ ( non-combu/ible mat]ials1 su* z iron1 /one1 or bricks4 ,9 ord] to prev5t fire1 :e!r aris+ f accid5t or spontane\s combu/ion1 e op5+1 or crevice1 communicat+ ) ! ext]nal atmosph]e to be clos$4 ,an isolat$ /aircase1 ( /one1 or iron1 well protect$ on e side by brick1 or /one walls1 to be atta*$ to e /ory1 & be furni%$ ) a l9e ( wat]-pipes1 communicat+ ) ! ma9s 9 ! /reet1 & asc5d+ to ! top ( ! build+4 ,9 a range ( /ores1 ! diff]5t w>eh\ses to be divid$ by /rong p>tition-walls1 9 no case less ?an eighte5 in*es ?ick1 & no m op5+s to be made ?an are absolutely necess>y = ! admission ( goods & light4 ,t ! iron columns1 beams1 & brick ar*es be ( /r5g? suffici5t1 n only to support a cont9u\s dead pressure1 b to resi/ ! =ce ( impact to :i* !y are subject by ! fall+ ( heavy goods ^u ! floors4 ,t 9 ord] to prev5t accid5t f ! columns be+ melt$ by int5se heat 9 ! ev5t ( fire 9 any ( ! rooms1 a curr5t ( cold air %\ld be introduc$ into ! holl[ ( ! columns1 f an ar*$ tunnel "u ! floors4 ,!re is no d\bt t if ! second pr9ciple c\ld be c>ri$ out1 namely1 ! total exclusion ( air1 ! fire w\ld g out ( itself2 b x seems1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 v d\btful inde$ if ?is c be accompli%$1 & if x c\ld1 ! c>elessness ( a port] leav+ op5 "o ( ! doors or w9d[s1 w\ld make ! :ole useless4 ,! fif? pr9ciple %[s t ,mr4 ,fairbairn has omitt$ to all[ = ! loss ( /r5g? ! iron may su/a9 f ! increase ( temp]ature4 ,! la/ pr9ciple w\ld n be likely to answ] its purpose1 ev5 if x 0 possible to keep ^! tunnels & holl[ columns cle> = a numb] ( ye>s1 :i* is sc>cely to be expect$4 ,a piece ( ca/-iron pipe1 "o-&-a-half in* 9 diamet]1 0 heat$ = f\r m9utes 9 a common =ge1 bo? ends be+ c>efully kept op5 to ! atmosph]e1 :51 on "o end be+ fix$ 9 a vice1 & ! o!r pull$ aside by ! h&1 x gave way4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal objections to ! k9d ( fire-pro( build+s above describ$1 is1 t absolute p]fection 9 _! con/ruction is indisp5sable to _! safety2 :]eas build+s ( a m common description are comp>atively safe1 al?\gh !re may be "s errors or omissions 9 _! con/ruction4 ,inde$1 ,mr4 ,fairbairn /ates 9 ! same ,report1 t x is true t neglig5ce ( con/ruction on ! "o h&1 & want ( c>e 9 managem5t on ! o!r1 might entail risk & loss to an enorm\s ext5t4 ,! foll[+ is a v cle> pro( ( ! inability ( ca/ iron to resi/ ! effects ( fire3-- ,a *apel 9 ,liv]pool-road1 ,isl+ton1 sev5ty feet 9 l5g? & fifty-two feet 9 bread?1 took fire 9 ! cell>1 on ! #bnd ,octob]1 #ahdh1 & 0 completely burn$ d[n4 ,aft] ! fire1 x 0 asc]ta9$ t ( ?irte5 ca/-iron pill>s us$ to support ! gall]ies1 only two rema9$ p]fect2 ! great] "p ( ! o!rs 7 brok5 into small pieces1 ! metal appe>+ to h lo/ all p[] ( cohesion1 & "s p>ts 7 melt$4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 t ^! pill>s 7 ( ample /r5g? to support ! gall]ies :5 fill$ by ! congregation1 b :5 ! fire rea*$ !m1 !y crumbl$ "u ! weight ( ! timb] only1 light5$ z x mu/ h be5 by ! progress ( ! fire4 ,9 ?is case x matt]$ little :e!r ! pill>s /ood or fell1 b x w\ld be v diff]5t ) "s ( ! l>ge :olesale w>eh\ses 9 ! ,city1 :]e numb]s ( "y m5 sleep 9 ! upp] floors2 9 sev]al ( ^? w>eh\ses ! ca/-iron pill>s are mu* less 9 proportion to ! weight to be c>ri$ ?an ^? ref]r$ to1 & w\ld be completely 9 ! draught ( a fire4 ,if a fire %\ld un=tunately take place "u su* circum/ances1 ! loss ( human life might be v great1 z ! *ance ( fifty1 eighty1 or "o hundr$ p escap+ 9 ! confusion ( a sudd5 night al>m1 by "o or two ladd]s1 to ! ro(1 c\ld sc>cely be calculat$ on1 & ! "t su* escape mu/ necess>ily occupy1 indep5d5t ( all *ance ( accid5ts1 w\ld be consid]able4 ,= ! reasons "h /at$1 ,i submit t l>ge build+s1 conta9+ consid]able quantities ( combu/ible goods1 ) floors ( brick-ar*es1 support$ by ca/-iron beams & columns1 are n1 practically speak+1 fire-pro(2 & t ! only con/ruction :i* w\ld r5d] l>ge build+s fire-pro(2 :]e consid]able quantities ( combu/ible goods are deposit$1 w\ld be gro9$ brick-ar*es1 support$ by pill>s ( ! same mat]ial1 laid 9 prop] cem5t4 ,i am fully conv9c$1 f a l5g!n$ exp]i5ce1 t ! int5sity ( a fire1--! risk ( its ravages ext5d+ to adjo9+ premises1 & also ! difficulty ( ext+ui%+ x1 dep5d1 caet]is p>ibus1 on ! cubic cont5ts ( ! build+ :i* takes fire1 & x appe>s to me t ! am\nt ( loss w\ld be v mu* r$uc$1 if1 in/ead ( build+ imm5se w>eh\ses1 :i* give ! fire a =tifi$ position1 w>eh\ses 7 made ( a mod]ate size1 ) access on two sides at lea/1 completely sep>at$ f ea* o!r by p>ty-walls1 & protect$ by iron-doors & w9d[-%utt]s4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! probability is1 t n m ?an "o w>eh\se w\ld be lo/ at a "t1 & p]haps t "o w\ld be only p>tially injur$4 ,x is s9c]ely to be hop$ t ! clause 9 ! la/ ,metropolitan ,build+ ,act1 re/rict+ ! size ( w>eh\ses1 may be m successful ?an its pr$ecessor1 = x is n only prop]ty t is at /ake1 b human life4 ,9 _m ( ^! ,man*e/] w>eh\ses1 !re are fifty or "o hundr$ & upw>ds ( w>eh\sem5 & s]vants sleep+ 9 ! upp] floors1 ^: escape1 9 case ( fire1 w\ld be v d\btful1 to say ! lea/ ( x4,e ,cov]+ timb] ) %eet-iron is v (t5 resort$ to z a protection aga9/ fire4 ,i h nev] f\nd x succe$2 b ,dr4 ,f>aday1 ,pr(essor ,br&e1 ,dr4 ,d4 ,b4 ,reid1 & ,mr4 ,w4 ,tite1 ,m4,p41 are ( op9ion t x may be useful aga9/ a sudd5 bur/ ( flame1 b t x is worse ?an useless aga9/ a cont9u$ heat4 ,9 wadd+ manufactories ! dry+-rooms 7 frequ5tly l9$ ) iron-plates1 & :5 a fire arose !re1 ! "p cov]$ ) iron 0 g5]ally f\nd m damag$ ?an ! re/2 ! heat got ?r\gh ! %eet-iron1 & burnt ! mat]ials beh9d x1 & !re 0 no means ( t\*+ !m ) wat] until ! iron 0 torn d[n2 %eet iron %\ld n1 !re=e1 be us$ = protect+ wood4 ,ev5 ca/ iron1 "o in* ?ick1 laid on tiles & cem5t ?ree in*es ?ick1 has all[$ fire to pass ?r\gh bo?1 to ! bo>d+ & joi/+ bel[1 m]ely f ! fire 9 an op5 fire-place be+ tak5 (f & laid on ! he>?4 ,?is arises f iron be+ s good a conductor t1 :5 heat is appli$ to x1 x becomes 9 a v %ort "t ne>ly z hot on ! "o side z ! o!r4 ,if ! smoke escapes up a *imney1 or 9 any o!r way1 !re may be a s]i\s am\nt ( fire be=e x is notic$4 ,9 a fire at ! ,bank ( ,engl&1 ! he>? on :i* ! /ove 0 plac$ 0 ca/ iron an in* ?ick1 ) two-&-a-half in*es ( concrete und]nea? x2 b ! timb] bel[ t 0 fir$4 ,) reg>d to ! subject ( fire-pro( dwell+-h\ses ( av]age size1 ,i consid] t su* h\ses :5 built ( brick or /one1 ) p>ty-walls c>ri$ ?r\gh ! ro(2 ! p>titions ( brick1 ! /airs ( slate or /one1 ! joi/s ( wr\ght iron fill$ 9 ) concrete1 & ! :ole well pla/]$1 are practically fire-pro( because1 z /at$ at ! op5+ ( ?is *apt]1 !re is no probability t ! furniture & floor+ 9 any "o room w\ld make fire en\gh to communicate to ano!r4 ,! safe/ mann] ( heat+ su* h\ses is ) op5 fire-places1 ! he>?s n be+ laid ^u timb]4 ,/one /aircases1 :5 mu* heat$1 w fracture f cold wat] com+ sudd5ly 9 contact ) !m2 b 9 a dwell+-h\se built z describ$ above1 !re is v little *ance ( su* a circum/ance endang]+ human life1 ev5 ) wood5 /eps c>ri$ ^u brick walls1 & r5d]$ incombu/ible by a ceil+ ( an in* & a qu>t] ( good hair mort> & well pugg$1 all ! purposes ( safety to human life w\ld be atta9$4 ,!re is a p>ticul> description ( floor1 :i*1 al?\gh n altoge!r fire-pro(1 is c]ta9ly 7at lea/ s f> z ,i c judge71 almo/ practically s = dwell+-h\ses4 ,x is compos$ simply ( plank two & a-half or ?ree in*es ?ick1 s closely jo9$1 & s nicely fitt$ to ! walls1 z to be completely air-tight4 ,its ?ickness & its prop]ty ( be+ air-tight1 w be easily obs]v$ to be its only causes ( safety4 ,al?\gh ! ap>tm5t be on fire1 yet ! "t requir$ to burn ?r\gh ! floor above or bel[1 w be s great1 t ! prop]ty may be remov$ f ! o!r floors1 or1 m probably1 if ! means ( ext+ui%+ fire be at h&1 x may be subdu$ be=e x c spread to any o!r ap>tm5t4 ,! doors mu/ ( c\rse be made 9 proportion1 & ! p>titions ( brick or /one4 ,be=e clos+ ! subject ( fire-pro( /ructures1 ,i w add a few words ^u fire-pro( safes4 ,^! are all con/ruct$ ) d\ble cas+s ( wr\ght iron1 ! int]/ices be+ 9 "s fill$ ) non-combu/ible sub/ances1 su* z pumice /one & ,/\rbridge clay1 & 9 o!rs ) metal tubes1 t melt at a l[ temp]ature1 & all[ a liquid conta9$ 9 !m to escape1 & =m /eam r\nd ! box1 ) ! int5tion ( prev5t+ ! heat f injur+ ! cont5ts4 ,su* safes ,i h nev] f\nd de/roy$2 & 9 "s cases1 aft] l>ge fires1 ! :ole ( ! cont5ts h be5 f\nd un9jur$1 :ile ! pap]s 9 common safes1 m]ely made /rong en\gh to prev5t _! be+ brok5 into1 7 g5]ally f\nd consum$4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,a3 ,vide ,sev5? ,report ( ! ,briti% ,association1 #ahcg1 vol4 vi4 page #dji4 ,footnote ,b3 ,vide ,report on ! ,fall ( ! ,cotton ,mill1 at ,oldham1 & "p ( ! ,prison at ,nor?lea*1 page #d4 ,folio4 ,london3 ,cl[es & ,sons1 #ahde4 ,footnote ,c3 ,vide ,report ( ,w4 ,fairbairn1 ,esq41 on ! ,con/ruction ( ,fire-pro( ,build+s4 ,) introductory ,rem>ks by ,samuel ,holme1 page #aa1 et seq4 ,tract1 #hvo4 ,liv]pool3 ,t4 ,ba9es1 #ahdd4 ,footnote ,d3 ,! ,au?or has be5 in=m$ by ,mr4 ,f>ey1 ,m4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 t a fire took place1 9 #ahbg1 9 a mill belong+ to ,mr4 ,m>%all1 ( ,le$s1 ! :ole ( :i*1 ) ! exception ( ! ro(1 0 fire-pro(4 ,! upp] floor 0 fill$ ) flax1 :i* took fire2 ! ro( fell 91 & ! heat s affect$ ! iron beams ( ! floor1 z to cause !m to give way4 ,footnote ,e3 ,9 ! ye> #aheh1 :5 report+ to ! ,insurance ,(fices ^u ! ,w>eh\ses 9 ! ,metropolitan ,docks1 ,mr4 ,braidwood made ! foll[+ sugge/ions :i* are applicable to all l>ge build+s4 ,t all ! p>ty-walls :]e ! ro(s d n rise above ! wall1 %\ld be #c feet #f in*es above su* ro(4 ,t all ! p>ty-walls 9 ! valleys ( ! ro(s %\ld be rais$ to ! level ( ! highe/ ridge on ei!r side1 all op5+s 9 su* walls be+ clos$ by wr\ght-iron doors on ea* side ( ! walls1 at lea/ a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick 9 ! panels1 & su* op5+s n to exce$ #db sup]ficial feet 9 ! cle>4 ,t all w9d[s :i* look ^u o!r w9d[s1 or loop-hole doors 9 o!r w>eh\ses or comp>tm5ts1 )9 #ajj feet1 %\ld be brick$ up1 or h wr\ght-iron %utt]s at lea/ #c_/af? ( an in* ?ick 9 ! panels4 ,t all loop-hole doors simil>ly situat$ %\ld be made entirely ( wr\ght iron1 frames includ$1 or brick$ up4 ,t all %afts = lifts or o!r purposes1 %\ld be ( brick1 ) wr\ght-iron doors :]e necess>y to receive or deliv] goods1 & t all op5+s :atev] = ma*9]y %\ld be includ$ 9 su* %aft4 ,t e hat*way or op5+ 9 ! floors = %oot+ goods f floor to floor %\ld h a /rong flap h+$ on to ! floor1 to be clos$ :5 n 9 use1 especially at night4 ,t !re %\ld be direct access to e room1 ( e comp>tm5t1 ( e w>eh\se1 f a fire-pro( /aircase1 by iron doors1 & t all su* /aircases %\ld ent] f ! op5 air1 z well z f "u any w>eh\se on ! quay2 9 ! latt] case ! doors mu/ be ( iron only4 ,all ! w9d[s 9 ! entresol & gr\nd floors to be brick$ up1 or h iron %utt]s1 & ! doors & frames to be ( iron4 ,:]ev] ! w>eh\ses face ea* o!r )9 #ajj feet1 ! front p>apet walls to be c>ri$ up to ! level ( ! ridge ( ! ro(4 ,:5 x is /at$ 9 ?is report t ! w9d[s or loop-hole doors %\ld be brick$ up1 x is n meant to exclude ! use ( ?ick glass1 ?ree or f\r pieces be+ built into ea* door or w9d[ space1 n exce$+ #f in*es 9 diamet] or squ>e1 9 ! cle>1 & set 9 ! mort> or cem5t at lea/ #c_/d ( an in* all r\nd1 ! glass to be n less ?an #a-a_/b in*es ?ick1 flat on bo? sides1 & s plac$ t no goods c be /or$ )9 #ah in*es ( ! inn] surface4 ,!re %\ld be a tank on ! top ( ea* /aircase1 ) a tap f x on ea* l&+1 ) six fire buckets hung ne> x1 & ?ree small h& pumps 9 e /aircase2 ! (fic]s & workpeople see+ ^! e day w\ld be c]ta9 to run to !m 9 case ( fire1 & by hav+ a con/ant supply ( wat] on e floor small accid5ts might be ext+ui%$ at once1 & ! iron doors & ro(s kept cool 9 case ( "o room tak+ fire4 ,,fire ,,ext9ction1 ,,includ+ ,,fire ,,brigades1 ,,fire ,,eng9es1 ,,& ,,wat] ,,supply4 ,be=e ent]+ ^u ! subject ( ,public ,fire ,brigades1 ,i w call att5tion to ! c\rse to be pursu$ by inmates ( ! h\se on fire1 & _! neighb\rs4 ,:5 all available means ( fire prev5tion h be5 adopt$1 ! next ?+ to be consid]$ is a supply ( wat]4 ,9 ! c\ntry1 or :]e !re are no wat]-pipes or eng9es1 ?is ought to be p>ticul>ly att5d$ to1 & a h&-pump %\ld be provid$4 ,:]e no wat] is kept solely = ! purpose ( ext+ui%+ fire1 su* vessels z c be sp>$ %\ld be regul>ly fill$ e night1 & plac$ 9 su* situations z may be mo/ conv5i5t 9 case ( dang]2 & no ma/] ( a family ought to retire to re/1 )\t be+ satisfi$ t ?is has be5 att5d$ to4 ,if x _h no o!r advantage ?an m]ely t ( direct+ ! inmates ( a h\se to ! possibility ( su* an occurr5ce z fire1 x w\ld be wor? mu* m ?an ! tr\ble su* an arrangem5t w\ld co/2 b1 9 addition to t1 a supply ( wat] w\ld be at h&1 9 mo/ cases m ?an suffici5t to ext+ui% ! fire imm$iately on its be+ discov]$1 & be=e x _h become ei!r al>m+ or dang]\s4 ,b :5 no su* precaution has be5 adopt$1 :5 ev5 ! b>e possibility ( fire has n be5 consid]$1 :5 no att5tion has ev5 be5 paid to ! subject1 & no provision made = x2 ! inhabitants are g5]ally s al>m$ & confus$1 t ! dang] is probably ov]1 by _! prop]ty be+ burn$ to ! gr\nd1 be=e !y c suffici5tly recollect !mselves to l5d any effective assi/ance4 ,9 mo/ cases ( fire1 ! p 9 ^: premises x occurs are ?r[n into :at may be call$ a /ate ( tempor>y d]angem5t1 & seem to be actuat$ only by a desire ( muscul> movem5t1 no matt] to :at purpose _! ex]tions are direct$4 ,p]sons may (t5 be se5 toil+ l galley-slaves1 at op]ations :i* a mom5t's reflection w\ld %[ 7 utt]ly useless4 ,i h se5 tables1 *airs1 & e article ( furniture t w\ld pass ?r\gh a w9d[1 ?ree or f\r /ories high1 da%$ into ! /reet1 ev5 :5 ! fire _h h>dly t\*$ ! t5em5t4 ,on "o occasion ,i saw crock]y-w>e ?r[n f a w9d[ on ! ?ird floor4,f ,mo/ ( ^! extravagances take place on ! fir/ al>m4 ,:5 ! eng9es h got fairly into play1 p beg9 to recollect !mselves1 & x is at ?is "t t mo/ ( ^? :o g to see a fire arrive4 ,by ! ex]tions ( ! police !re is !n g5]ally a consid]able degree ( ord] re/or$1 & ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! sc5e is ov]4 ,:at rema9s1 h[ev]1 may1 f its novelty or gr&eur1 if ! fire is ext5sive1 be /ill wor? look+ at = a little1 b mu* ( ! excitem5t is bani%$ ) ! confusion2 & if ! fire & firem5 seem to be well mat*$1 ! *ief int]e/ :i* is excit$ 9 ! spectators is to asc]ta9 :i* ( ! p>ties is likely to be victori\s4 ,few p1 comp>atively1 h ?us an opportunity ( witness+ ! t]ror & di/raction occasion$ by ! fir/ al>m ( fire1 & ?is may probably acc\nt = ! apa?y & indiff]5ce ) :i* p :o h n se5 ?is reg>d x4 ,:5 a fire actually takes place1 e "o %\ld endeav\r to be z cool & collect$ z possible2 screams1 cries1 & o!r exhibitions ( t]ror1 :ile utt]ly useless 9 !mselves1 h g5]ally ! effect ( al>m+ ^? ^: s]vices might o!rwise be ( ! utmo/ advantage1 & ( r5d]+ !m unfit = useful ex]tion4 ,x is unhappily1 too1 at ! comm5cem5t ( fires1 t ?is t5d5cy to confusion & t]ror is ! /ronge/1 :5 a bucket ( wat]1 prop]ly appli$1 is g5]ally ( m value ?an a hundr$ w be half an h\r aft]w>ds4 ,x is ! feel+ ( total surprise1 on ! break+ out ( a fire1 :i* ?us unh+es ! faculties ( _m individuals4 ,!y h nev] made ! case _! own1 nay1 "o w\ld almo/ imag9e !y _h sc>cely ?\ght su* an occurr5ce possible1 till1 com+ on !m almo/ l a ?und]bolt1 !y are lo/ 9 p]plexity & t]ror4 ,! only prev5tive aga9/ ?is is to ?9k ! matt] ov] frequ5tly & c>efully be=e x occurs4 ,! mom5t x is asc]ta9$ t fire has actually tak5 place1 notice %\ld be s5t to ! ne>e/ /ation :]e !re is a fire-eng9e4 ,no matt] :e!r ! inmates are likely to be able to ext+ui% ! fire !mselves--?is %\ld nev] be tru/$ to if m effici5t help c be _h4 ,x is mu* bett] t an eng9e %\ld be turn$ out tw5ty times :5 x is n want$1 ?an be once too late4 ,?is may cause a trifl+ exp5se2 b ev5 t exp5se is n altoge!r lo/1 z x tea*es ! firem5 /ead9ess & coolness4 ,! p]son 9 ! h\se be/ qualifi$ = su* duty %\ld endeav\r to asc]ta91 ) z mu* precision z possible1 ! ext5t & position ( ! fire1 :ile ! o!rs collect z mu* wat] z !y c4 ,if ! fire be 9 an upp] floor1 ! inmates %\ld be got out imm$iately1 al?\gh ! l[] "p ( ! h\se may g5]ally be ent]$ ) safety = "s "t4 ,if 9 ! l[] "p ( ! h\se1 aft] ! inmates h be5 remov$1 great c>e %\ld be obs]v$ 9 go+ into any ( ! upp] floors1 z ! flames v (t5 rea* ! /air be=e be+ obs]v$ by ^? above4 ,! upp] floors are1 besides1 g5]ally fill$ ) smoke1 &1 9 t case1 !re is great dang] ( suffocation to ^? :o may ent]4 ,?is1 inde$1 is ! pr9cipal dang] att5d+ fires1 & %\ld be p>ticul>ly gu>d$ aga9/1 z a p]son1 :5 be+ suffocat$1 is unable to call = assi/ance4 ,9 a case ( ?is k9d ! fire took place 9 ! ?ird floor f ! /reet1 & all ! inmates imm$iately left ! premises except "o old woman4 ,9 ab\t fifte5 m9utes aft] ! arrival ( ! eng9es1 ! firem5 made _! way up/airs1 & ! poor woman 0 f\nd dead beside a basket p>tly fill$ ) clo!s1 :i* x 0 suppos$ %e _h be5 pack+ up = removal2 _h %e made any noise1 or ev5 broke a pane ( glass1 %e w\ld1 9 all probability1 h be5 sav$2 z ! fire nev] t\*$ ! floor 9 :i* %e 0 f\nd1 %e mu/ h di$ entirely f suffocation1 :i* a little fre% air w\ld h prev5t$4 ,_h ! slighte/ suspicion exi/$ t any "o 0 9 ! upp] floors1 !y w\ld h be5 ent]$ by ! w9d[s or ! ro(2 b z ! fire took place 9 daylight1 & none ( ! neighb\rs spoke ( any "o be+ 9 ! h\se1 x 0 ?\ght unnecess>y to damage ! prop]ty1 or risk ! lives ( ! firem51 )\t "s adequate cause4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 %[s h[ little dep5d5ce c be plac$ on in=mation receiv$ f ! inmates ( ! premises on fire4 ,"s ( ! p :o liv$ on ! same floor ) ?is poor woman1 & :o _h se5 h] imm$iately be=e !y left ! h\se1 nev] m5tion$ h]4 ,i d n suppose t ?is neglig5ce arose f apa?y1 or any feel+ ( t sort2 b ! p 7 9 su* a /ate ( utt] confusion1 t !y 7 unable to ?9k ( any?+4 ,b to return4 ,on ! fir/ discov]y ( a fire1 x is ( ! utmo/ consequ5ce to %ut1 & keep %ut1 all doors1 w9d[s1 or o!r op5+s4 ,x may (t5 be obs]v$1 aft] a h\se has be5 on fire1 t "o floor is comp>atively unt\*$1 :ile ^? above & bel[ are ne>ly burn$ out4 ,?is arises f ! door on t p>ticul> floor hav+ be5 %ut1 & ! draught direct$ else:]e4 ,if ! p]son :o has exam9$ ! fire f9ds a risk ( its ga9+ gr\nd ^u him1 he %\ld1 if )9 rea* ( fire-eng9es1 keep ev]y?+ close1 & await _! arrival1 in/ead ( admitt+ air to ! fire by ineffectual ef=ts to oppose x ) inadequate means4 ,9 ! meantime1 h[ev]1 he %\ld exam9e :]e a supply ( wat] is mo/ likely to be obta9$1 & communicate t1 & any o!r local in=mation1 to ! firem5 on _! com+ =w>d4 ,if !re be no fire-eng9e )9 rea*1 ! p]son :o has exam9$ ! fire %\ld keep ! place :]e x is situat$ z close z possible1 till z _m buckets ( wat] z c be easily collect$ are plac$ )9 8 rea*4 ,tak+ c>e always t !re is "s "o ready to assi/ him1 he %\ld !n op5 ! door1 & creep =w>d on 8 h&s & knees till he gets z ne> ! fire z possible2 hold+ 8 brea?1 & /&+ up = a mom5t to give ! wat] a prop] direction1 he %\ld ?r[ x ) =ce1 us+ a h& pump if available1 & in/antly get d[n to 8 =m] position1 :]e he w be aga9 able to brea!4 ,! p beh9d h&+ =w>d ano!r bucket ( wat]1 he repeats ! op]ation till ! fire is qu5*$1 or until he feels exhau/$2 9 :i* case "s "o %\ld take 8 place4 ,if !re be en\gh ( wat]1 h[ev]1 two1 ?ree1 or any conv5i5t numb] ( p may be employ$ 9 ?r[+ x2 on ! contr>y1 if ! supply ( wat] be insuffici5t to employ ev5 "o p]son1 ! door %\ld be kept %ut :ile ! wat] is be+ br\ght1 & ! air exclud$ z mu* z possible1 z ! fire burns exactly 9 proportion to ! quantity ( air :i* x receives4 ,"o great evil1 & :i* ought to be /rictly gu>d$ aga9/ by p n accu/om$ to fire1 is1 t on ! fir/ al>m !y ex]t !mselves to ! v utmo/ ( _! /r5g?4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 c la/ b a %ort "t2 & :5 !y feel tir$1 :i* 9 t case soon happ5s1 !y v (t5 give up altoge!r4 ,n[ ?is is ! rev]se ( :at x ought to be4 ,9 ext+ui%+ fires1 l mo/ o!r ?+s1 a cool judgm5t & /eady p]sev]ance are f> m effective ?an any desultory ex]tions :i* c be made4 ,! heat g5]ally increases 9 a consid]able degree :5 wat] is fir/ ?r[n ^u a fire1 f ! conv]sion ( a portion ( x into /eam4 ,?is is sometimes v annoy+2 s mu* s1 t ! p]sons engag$ 9 ?r[+ ! wat]1 frequ5tly feel !mselves oblig$ to give back a little4 ,!y %\ld on no acc\nt1 h[ev]1 abate or discont9ue _! ex]tions 9 ?r[+ ! wat] ) z mu* =ce z possible 9 ! direction ( ! fire2 x w 9 a %ort "t cool ! air & mat]ials1 & ! /eam w1 9 consequ5ce1 be g5]at$ m sl[ly1 :ile a /eady p]sev]ance on ! "p ( ^? employ$ c alone effect ! object 9 view4 ,:5 wat] is sc>ce1 mud1 c[ or horse dung1 damp e>?1 c41 may be us$ z sub/itutes2 b if !re seems no *ance ( succe$+ by any ( ^!1 & ! fire is likely to ext5d to o!r build+s1 ! communication %\ld be imm$iately cut (f by pull+ d[n ! build+ next to t on fire4 ,any op]ation ( ?is sort1 h[ev]1 %\ld be begun at a suffici5t di/ance f ! fire to all[ ! communication to be completely cut (f1 be=e x ga9s ^u ! workm54 ,if ?is op]ation be attempt$ s ne> ! fire z to be int]rupt$ by x1 x mu/ be begun aga9 at a great] di/ance2 &1 9 t case1 !re is a great] de/ruction ( prop]ty ?an might h be5 necess>y4 ,if a fire occur 9 a /able or c[-h\se1 surr\nd$ ) o!r build+s ( ! same description1 or ) ! produce ( a f>m1 !re is mu* dang]4 ,! cattle & horses %\ld be imm$iately remov$2 &1 9 do+ s1 if any ( !m become re/ive1 !y %\ld be bl9dfold$1 tak+ c>e t x is done ?or\ghly1 z any attempt to bl9dfold !m p>tially1 only increases ! evil4 ,!y %\ld be h&l$ z mu* z possible 9 ! ord9>y mann]1 & ) great coolness2 ! viol5t ge/ures & excit$ appe>ance ( ! p]sons remov+ !m t5d+ greatly to />tle ! animals1 & r5d] !m unmanageable4 ,,public ,,fire ,,brigades ,,& ,,! ,,duties ,,( ,,firem54 ,! be/ public means ( arre/+ fires is a v wide "q1 z ! only limit to ! means is ! exp5se4 ,diff]5t nations h diff]5t ways ( do+ ! same ?+4 ,on ! ,cont95t g5]ally1 ! :ole is manag$ by ,gov]nm5t1 & ! firem5 are plac$ "u m>tial law1 ! inhabitants be+ compell$ to "w ! eng9es4 ,9 ,london1 ! pr9cipal means ( arre/+ fires is a volunt>y association ( ! insurance companies1 )\t legal au?ority ( any sort1 ! legal protection by p>i% eng9es be+1 ) a few praisewor?y exceptions1 a dead lett]4 ,9 ,liv]pool1 ,man*e/]1 & o!r t[ns1 ! ext9ction ( fires by ! pressure ( wat] only1 )\t ! use ( fire-eng9es1 is v mu* practis$4 ,! advantages ( ?is sy/em are v great2 b1 to enable u to foll[ ?is sy/em 9 ,london1 ! :ole wat] supply w\ld require to be remodell$4 ,9 ,am]ica1 ! firem5 are g5]ally volunte]s1 enroll$ by ! local ,gov]nm5ts4 ,!y are exempt f o!r duties1 or are entitl$ to privileges1 :i* appe> to satisfy !m1 z ! situation ( fireman is eag]ly s\ght 9 mo/ ( ! ,am]ican cities4 ,:i* is ! be/ ( ^! diff]5t modes x is difficult to say2 p]haps ea* is be/ suit$ = ! place :]e x exi/s4 ,x is n[ g5]ally admitt$1 t ! :ole =ce br\ght toge!r to ext+ui% a fire ought to be "u ! direction & control ( "o individual4 ,by ?is means1 all qu>rell+ among ! firem5 ab\t ! supply ( wat]1 ! int]e/ ( p>ticul> insurance companies1 & o!r matt]s ( detail1 is avoid$4 ,by hav+ ! :ole =ce "u ! comm& ( "o p]son1 he is enabl$ to =m "o g5]al plan ( op]ations1 to :i* ! :ole body is subs]vi5t2 & al?\gh he may n1 9 ! hurry ( ! mom5t1 at all times adopt :at w aft]w>ds appe> to be ! be/ plan1 yet x is bett] to h "s g5]al arrangem5t1 ?an to all[ ! firem5 ( ea* eng9e to "w accord+ to _! own fancy1 & t1 too1 v (t5 9 utt] disreg>d z to :e!r _! ex]tions may aid or ret>d ^? ( _! neighb\rs4 ,! individual appo9t$ to su* a situation ought n to be int]f]$ )1 or h 8 att5tion di/ract$1 except by ! *ief au?ority on ! spot1 or ! own] ( ! premises on fire4 ,mu* valuable in=mation is frequ5tly obta9$ f ! latt]1 z to ! division ( ! premises1 ! p>ty-walls1 & o!r matt]s connect$ ) its locality4 ,b1 g5]ally speak+1 ! less int]f]5ce & advice ! bett]1 z x occupies "t :i* may g5]ally be bett] employ$4 ,i ne$ sc>cely add1 t on no acc\nt :atev] %\ld directions be giv5 to ! firem5 by any o!r individual :ile ! sup]9t5d5t ( brigade is pres5t2 & t !re may be no qu>rell+ ab\t sup]iority1 ! m5 %\ld be aw>e on :om ! comm& is to devolve 9 8 abs5ce4 ,x has (t5 be5 to me a matt] ( surprise1 t s small a portion ( ! public att5tion %\ld be direct$ to ! matt] ( ext+ui%+ fires4 ,x is only :5 r\s$ by "s great calamity t p be/ir !mselves2 & !n !re is su* a v>iety ( plans propos$ to av]t simil> cases ( di/ress1 t to attempt to concoct a rational plan out ( su* a crude1 ill-dige/$1 & contradictory mass ( op9ion1 requires m lab\r & att5tion ?an mo/ p are incl9$ to give x1 unless a regul> bus9ess 0 made ( x4 ,9 ,p>is ! corps ( milit>y firem5 are s well tra9$1 t al?\gh _! app>atus is n s good z x %\ld be1 ! am\nt ( ! losses by fire is comp>atively trifl+4 ,if ! head-qu>t]s ( su* an e/abli%m5t 7 to be 9 ,london1 a /ore ( app>atus1 con/ruct$ on "o uni=m plan1 c\ld be kept !re1 to be =w>d$ to any o!r "p ( ! k+dom :]e x might be requir$4 ,?is uni=mity ( ! /ructure & design ( ! app>atus c\ld ext5d to ! mo/ m9ute p>ticul>s2 a screw or a nut ( any "o eng9e w\ld fit e o!r eng9e 9 ! k+dom4 ,a depot c\ld also be kept at head-qu>t]s1 :]e recruits w\ld be regul>ly drill$ & in/ruct$ 9 ! bus9ess1 & a regul> sy/em ( communication kept up ) all ! prov9cial corps4 ,any p>ticul> circum/ances occurr+ at a fire w\ld ?us be imm$iately report$1 & ! advantages ( any k or exp]i5ce ?us ga9$1 w\ld be dissem9at$ ov] ! :ole k+dom4 ,z ! matt] at pres5t /&s "o t[n may h an excell5t fire-eng9e e/abli%m5t1 & ano!r )9 a few miles a v indiff]5t "o1 & :5 ! "o is call$ to assi/ ! o!r1 !y c nei!r act 9 conc]t1 nor c ! app>atus ( ! "o 9 case ( accid5t be ( ! smalle/ s]vice 9 replac+ t ( ! o!r4 ,! be/ might 7if a prop] communication 7 kept up7 be "u frequ5t obligations to ! wor/1 & "h1 z 9 o!r matt]s1 x is *iefly by communication t k is increas$4 ,if ! :ole exp]i5ce ( ! c\ntry 7 br\ght toge!r1 & maturely consid]$ & dige/$ by p]sons compet5t to judge1 ,i h no d\bt t a sy/em might be introduc$ suitable to ! nation & to ! age 9 :i* we live4 ,in/ead ( he>+ ( ! dreadful losses by fire1 & ! great ex]tions made to ext+ui% x1 all ! notice w\ld be1 su* a place took fire1 ! eng9es arriv$1 & x 0 ext+ui%$4 ,x w\ld be useless = me to ent] into ! details ( a plan :i* ,i h little hope ( ev] see+ realiz$4 ,i may /ate1 h[ev]1 t a premium might be (f]$ = ! be/ eng9e ( a size previ\sly agre$ ^u1 :i*1 :5 f9i%$1 %\ld be kept z a model4 ,specifications c\ld !n be made out1 & e/imates adv]tis$ =1 = all ! diff]5t p>ts1 su* z :eels1 axles1 lev]s1 ci/]ns1 b>rels1 air-vessels1 c41 sep>ately4 ,:5 any p>ticul> "p ( an eng9e 0 damag$1 x c\ld be imm$iately replac$1 & ! eng9e aga9 r5d]$ fit = s]vice2 & ^u em]g5cy any numb] ( eng9es c\ld be set up1 m]ely by putt+ ! diff]5t p>ts toge!r4 ,! "w w\ld also be bett] done2 at lea/ x w\ld be mu* m easy to detect faults 9 ! mat]ials or workman%ip ?an if ! eng9es 7 b\ght ready = use4 ,^! rem>ks apply to all ! re/ ( ! app>atus4 ,x c\ld be provid$ t firem5 might be enli/$ = a t]m ( ye>s4 ,:5 enli/$1 !y w\ld be s5t to ! depot at head-qu>t]s1 drill$ to ! use ( ! eng9es1 & c>efully in/ruct$ 9 sep>at+ & clean+ ! diff]5t p>ts4 ,"h also !y c\ld be practis$ 9 gymna/ic ex]cises1 & g5]ally in/ruct$ 9 ev]y?+ t5d+ to promote _! usefulness z firem54 ,!y c\ld !n be s5t (f to "s l>ge t[ns1 &1 aft] hav+ se5 a little active s]vice1 di/ribut$ ov] ! c\ntry 9 su* p>ties z might be deem$ necess>y = ! places !y 7 int5d$ to protect4 ,! practice ( keep+ fire-eng9es at noblem5's & g5tlem5's resid5ces1 & at l>ge manufactories 9 ! c\ntry1 is by no means uncommon1 & ,i h no d\bt t _m m w\ld supply !mselves 9 ?is way if !y knew :]e to apply = in=mation 9 su* matt]s2 b ! great fault lies 9 ! want ( p]sons ( skill & exp]i5ce to "w !m :5 fire occurs4 ,9 ! way ,i h m5tion$1 proprietors & o!rs c\ld h "o or m ( _! workm5 in/ruct$ 9 ?is necess>y piece ( duty2 & ,i h no d\bt t _m g5tlem5 w\ld avail !mselves ( ! means ( in/ruct+ "s ( _! s]vants4 ,x w be obs]v$1 ,i d n propose t ! firem5 :o are enli/$1 drill$1 & in/ruct$ 9 ! bus9ess1 %\ld be s5t to ! diff]5t /ations 9 suffici5t numb]s to "w ! eng9es2 ?is "p ( ! "w c be p]=m$ by any man accu/om$ to h>d lab\r1 z well z by ! mo/ exp]t fireman1 & ! local au?orities c\ld easily provide m5 = ?is purpose4 ,9 small t[ns1 :]e fires are r>e1 ! novelty w\ld draw toge!r pl5ty ( h&s2 & 9 l>ge t[ns1 :]e ! inhabitants are n suffici5tly dis9t]e/$ to "w = no?+1 !re are always pl5ty :o c\ld be b\nd to assi/ 9 cases ( fire at a c]ta9 rate p] h\r1 to be paid ^u a c]tificate f ! fireman :o has *>ge ( ! eng9e at :i* !y work$4 ,! tra9$ firem5 w\ld ?us be requir$ only = ! direction ( ! eng9e1 atta*+ ! hose1 c4 ,i am q aw>e t _m p object to ! tra9+ ( firem52 b x w\ld be j z reasonable to give to a mob all ! mat]iel ( w>1 & next day expect x to act l a regul> army1 z to expect eng9es to be manag$ ) any g5]al prospect ( success1 unless ! m5 are prop]ly tra9$ & prep>$ = ! duty :i* is expect$ f !m4 ,fire is bo? a p[]ful & an insidi\s enemy1 & ^? ^: bus9ess x is to attack x w be/ succe$ :5 !y h become skilful & exp]i5c$ 9 ! use ( _! arms4 ,x is q obvi\s t a fire brigade1 h[ev] complete 9 its app>atus & equipm5ts1 mu/ dep5d = its effici5cy on ! /ate ( tra9+ & discipl9e ( ! firem54 ,:]ev] !re is inexp]i5ce1 want ( co-op]ation1 or confusion among/ !m1 ! utmo/ dang] is to be appreh5d$ 9 ! ev5t ( fire4 ,x is amid/ ! rag+ ( ?is de/ructive elem5t1 ! t]ror & bu/le ( ! inhabitants1 t organization & discipl9e triumph1 & x is !re1 too1 t coolness & promptitude1 /ead9ess & activity1 fe>lessness & caution1 are peculi>ly requir$2 b1 un=tunately1 x is !n also t !y are mo/ r>ely exhibit$4 ,!re %\ld n be less ?an five or six m5 atta*$ to ea* eng9e1 :o %\ld be prop]ly in/ruct$ & drill$1 to take *>ge ( x1 & to guide ! p :o "w at ! lev]s4 ,! p]son hav+ ! pr9cipal *>ge ( ! eng9es %\ld frequ5tly turn ov] 9 8 m9d :at might be ! be/ plan1 9 su* & su* circum/ances1 suppos+ a fire to take place4 ,by frequ5tly rum9at+ on ! subject1 he w f9d himself1 :5 sudd5ly turn$ out ( b$ at night1 mu* m fit = 8 task ?an if he _h nev] consid]$ ! matt] at all4 ,inde$ he w frequ5tly be surpris$1 :5 exam9+ ! premises aft]w>ds 7:i* he ought always to d1 & m>k any mi/akes he may h committ$71 t he %\ld h adopt$ ! v be/ mode ( ext+ui%+ ! fire1 amid ! noise1 confusion1 & ! innum]able advices %[]$ d[n on him1 by all ^? :o consid] !mselves qualifi$ or entitl$ to give advice 9 su* matt]s2 a numb]1 by ! way1 :i* sometimes includes no inconsid]able portion ( ! spectators4 ,he %\ld also make himself well acqua9t$ ) ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! t[n 9 :i* he may be appo9t$ to act1 & notice ! declivities ( ! diff]5t /reets1 c4 ,he w f9d ?is k ( great advantage4 ,any build+s1 suppos$ to be p>ticul>ly dang]\s1 %\ld be c>efully exam9$1 & all ! diff]5t places :]e supplies ( wat] c be obta9$ = !m notic$4 ,a k ( ! locality ?us obta9$ w be f\nd ( great advantage 9 case ( a fire break+ out4 ,inde$ all firem51 especially ^? hav+ ! *>ge ( eng9es1 %\ld be in/ruct$ c>efully to exam9e & make !mselves acqua9t$ ) ! localities ( _! neighb\rhood or di/rict4 ,su* k w (t5 prove valuable 9 em]g5cies2 ! proprietors or t5ants ( ! prop]ty on fire be+ sometimes 9 su* a /ate ( al>m1 t no di/9ct intellig5ce c be got f !m4 ,:5 an eng9e is br\ght to a fire1 x ought to be plac$ z ne>ly z possible 9 a /raight l9e betwe5 ! supply ( wat] & ! premises on fire2 tak+ c>e1 h[ev]1 to keep at su* a di/ance f ! latt] t ! m5 :o "w ! pumps may be 9 no dang] f be+ scor*$ by ! heat1 or ( be+ annoy$ by ! fall+ ( wat] or burn+ mat]ials4 ,runn+ ! eng9e close ^u ! fire s]ves no good purpose1 except to %ort5 ! quantity ( hose t w\ld o!rwise be requir$4 ,! addition ( tw5ty or ?irty feet ( hose makes v little diff]5ce 9 ! work+ ( ! eng9e1 &1 :5 comp>$ ) ! disadvantage ( ! m5 becom+ un/eady f ! idea ( p]sonal dang]1 is n ev5 to be nam$4 ,inde$1 if ! eng9e be br\ght too ne> ! fire1 !re is dang] ( ! m5 quitt+ ! lev]s altoge!r4 ,i may also add t1 bo? = ! safety ( ! hose & ! conv5i5ce ( ! inhabitants1 ! eng9e %\ld be kept out ( ! way ( p remov+ furniture4 ,:5 ! hose is atta*$ & ! eng9e fill$ ) wat]1 ! man :o holds ! bran*-pipe1 accompani$ by ano!r1 %\ld get s ne> ! fire1 inside ! h\se1 t ! wat] f ! bran* may /rike ! burn+ mat]ials4 ,if he _c accompli% ?is /&+1 he mu/ get d[n on 8 h&s & knees & creep =w>d1 ^? beh9d h&+ up ! hose4 ,a /ratum ( fre% air is almo/ always to be dep5d$ on f six to twelve in*es f ! floor1 s t if ! air be n respirable to a p]son /&+ upright1 he %\ld in/antly get d[n4 ,i h (t5 obs]v$ ?is fact1 :i* inde$ is well kn[n2 b ,i once saw an example ( x :i* appe>$ to me to be s /rik+1 t ,i %all "h relate x4 ,a fire _h brok5 out 9 ! ?ird floor ( a h\se1 & :5 ,i rea*$ ! top ( ! /air1 ! smoke 0 roll+ 9 ?ick heavy masses1 :i* prev5t$ me f see+ six in*es be=e me4 ,i imm$iately got d[n on ! floor2 above :i*1 = a space ( ab\t eight in*es ! air seem$ to be rem>kably cle> & bright4 ,i c\ld di/9ctly see ! feet ( ! tables & o!r furniture 9 ! ap>tm5t2 ! flames 9 ?is space burn+ z vivid & di/9ct z ! flame ( a c&le1 :ile all above ! smoke 0 s ?ick t ! eye c\ld n p5etrate x4 ,! fire _h already bur/ ?r\gh ?ree out ( five w9d[s 9 ! ap>tm5t1 yet1 :5 ly+ flat on ! floor1 no inconv5i5ce 0 felt except f ! heat4 ,:5 ! fire has brok5 ?r\gh a floor1 ! supply ( air along t floor is n to be dep5d$ on--! fire draw+ ! pr9cipal supply ( air f ! ap>tm5ts bel[4 ,:5 ! two fir/ firem5 h ga9$ a fav\rable position1 !y %\ld keep x z long z !y are able2 & :5 !y feel exhau/$1 ! m5 beh9d !m %\ld take _! place4 ,! great po9t to :i* ev]y?+ ought to be made subs]vi5t is1 t ! wat] on its dis*>ge f ! bran*-pipe %\ld actually /rike ! burn+ mat]ials4 ,?is _c be too (t5 or too anxi\sly inculcat$ on e "o connect$ ) a fire-eng9e e/abli%m5t4 ,e o!r me?od n hav+ ?is = its gr& object1 w1 9 n9e cases out ( t51 utt]ly fail2 & ^u ! degree ( att5tion paid to ?is po9t1 dep5ds almo/ entirely ! "q z to ! am\nt ( damage ! fire w occasion4 ,:5 approa*+ a fire1 x %\ld always be done by ! door1 if possible4 ,:5 ?is is att5d$ to1 x is mu* easi] to %ift ! hose f "o ap>tm5t to ano!r2 & ! curr5t ( fre% air1 ent]+ by ! door & proce$+ along ! passages1 makes respiration easi] & saf] ?an else:]e4 ,:5 entrance by ! door is impracticable1 & access is to be ga9$ by a w9d[1 ! flames frequ5tly bur/ ?r\gh 9 su* a mann] z to r5d] advance 9 ! fir/ in/ance impossible4 ,9 t case1 ! bran* %\ld be po9t$ aga9/ ! w9d[1 ne>ly 9 a p]p5dicul> direction2 ! wat] /rik+ ! l9tel1 & fall+ all r\nd inside ! w9d[1 w soon ext+ui% ! fire at t po9t suffici5tly to r5d] an entrance practicable4 ,! old plan ( /&+ ) ! bran* pipe 9 ! /reet1 & ?r[+ ! wat] into ! w9d[s is a v r&om way ( go+ to "w2 & = my own "p1 al?\gh ,i h se5 x repeat$ly tri$1 ,i nev] saw x att5d$ ) success4 ,inde$ x is h>dly to be expect$ t wat]1 ?r[n f ! /reet into a room ?ree or f\r /oreys high1 c h any impression on closets1 presses1 or passages1 divid$ probably ) brick p>titions 9 ! c5tre ( ! h\se4 ,! circum/ance ( hav+ eng9es at "w on bo? sides ( ! h\se does n alt] ! case4 ,! fire v (t5 burns up ?r\gh ! c5tre1 & frequ5tly1 :5 ! space betwe5 ! w9d[s is l>ge1 along ! front or back wall1 till x arrives at ! ro(1 :i* ! wat] _c t\* on acc\nt ( ! slates or tiles4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! firem5 ent] ! h\se1 ! fire is almo/ :olly "u _! comm&4 ,& :5 x happ5s t !re is any corn] :i* ! wat] _c directly /rike1 ! fire 9 x may (t5 be ext+ui%$ by ?r[+ ! wat] aga9/ an opposite wall or p>tition1 & tru/+ to ! recoil to ?r[ x to ! po9t requir$4 ,:5 ! wat] is ?r[n f ! /reet1 x is impossible to say :e!r x t\*es ! p>ts on fire or n4 ,no "o c tell any?+ ab\t x1 except :5 ! flame appe>s at ! w9d[s4 ,on go+ ) ! bran* inside ! h\se1 besides ! advantage ( ! wat] ru%+ directly f ! hose ^u ! fire1 !re is a great sav+ 9 ! article ( wat] itself4 ,! :ole t is ?r[n by ! eng9e is appli$ to ! "r purpose4 ,no "p ( x is lo/2 t :i* does n /rike ! burn+ mat]ials falls )9 ! h\se2 &1 by soak+ ^? p>ts on :i* x falls1 prev5ts _! burn+ s rapidly :5 ! flames approa* !m4 ,if1 on ent]+ an ap>tm5t1 x be f\nd t ! flames cov] a consid]able space1 x is ( advantage1 9 "s in/ances1 to place ! po9t ( ! ?umb 9 contact ) ! wat] at ! nozzle ( ! bran*4 ,by ?is means ! wat] may be spread to cov] any space "u tw5ty or ?irty feet1 accord+ to ! pressure appli$4 ,:ile speak+ ( ! mode ( ent]+ h\ses on fire1 ,i may m5tion t ,i h tri$ sev]al inv5tions = ! purpose ( elevat+ ! bran* pipe & hose to ! level ( a second or ?ird /ory w9d[4 ,b ^!1 al?\gh exce$+ly +5i\s1 appe> to me to re/ on a pr9ciple entirely wrong2 ,i mean t ( ?r[+ wat] on ! fire f ! outside ( ! build+4 ,indep5d5t altoge!r ( a mi/ak5 pr9ciple ( usefulness1 "o insup]able objection to all ^! ma*9es1 is ! difficulty ( convey+ !m ) ! necess>y cel]ity1 & ! impossibility ( pack+ !m on ! eng9e 9 su* a mann] t x may be work$ )\t _! be+ tak5 (f1 z x seems to me t e description ( app>atus :i* _c be convey$ along ) ! eng9e1 is likely to be left beh9d :5 mo/ want$4 ,x is notori\s t p>i% fire-ladd]s are1 = ?is reason1 seldom or nev] made use (4 ,_m p object to go+ inside a build+ on fire on acc\nt ( ! dang]4 ,x ought nev] to be =gott51 h[ev]1 t ! dang] increases ) ! delay2 & t al?\gh at fir/ !re may be no dang]1 if ! opportunity is n promptly seiz$1 x may become v consid]able4 ,sev]al ( ! firem5 h at diff]5t times fa9t$1 or become /upefi$1 f ! want ( fre% air2 b z no "o is ev] all[$ to ent] s+ly1 !y h be51 9 all cases1 imm$iately obs]v$ by _! comrades1 & reliev$4 ,ano!r objection has be5 rais$ 9 ! alleg$ difficulty ( p]suad+ m5 to risk _! lives 9 ?is mann] = ! small consid]ation :i* is all[$ !m4 ,! tru? is1 t any p]suasions ,i h _h occasion to use1 h be5 g5]ally on ! o!r side4 ,to hold ! bran* is consid]$ ! po/ ( hon\r2 & :5 two eng9es are work+ toge!r1 ,i h sometimes difficulty 9 prev5t+ ! m5 f press+ =w>d f>!r ?an is absolutely necess>y4 ,?is =w>dness is n ! result ( pecuni>y rew>d = ! increase ( risk1 b a _s ( emulation is at "w1 & ! man entru/$ ) ?is duty1 if f\nd draw+ back1 w\ld be completely disgrac$4 ,a retreat %\ld 9 all cases be kept op51 to provide aga9/ any accid5t t may occur2 & z ?is may be done 9 almo/ all cases by means s easy & simple1 !re c be no excuse = its omission4 ,at ! same "t no "o b an exp]t fireman %\ld be p]mitt$ to ent] :]e !re is p]sonal dang]4 ,! dang] to :i* firem5 are mo/ expos$ is cat*+ cold1 f _! be+ s frequ5tly dr5*$ ) wat]1 & f _! exposure to ! sudd5 alt]nations ( heat & cold4 ,a man is turn$ out ( b$ at midnight1 & 9 a few m9utes aft] quitt+ x he is expos$ to ! %>p air1 p]haps1 ( a fro/y w9t] night2 runn+ to ! fire z fa/ z he c1 he is1 f ! ex]cise1 jo9$ to ! oppressive heat inside ! place on fire1 9 a few m9utes 9 a /ate ( ! mo/ pr(use p]spiration2 &1 :ile 9 ?is /ate1 he is almo/ c]ta9 to be soak$ ) cold wat]4 ,! smoke is sometimes s ?ick1 t he comes "u ! range ( ! bran* ( ! eng9e )\t be+ aw>e ( x till ! wat] /rikes him4 ,if he escape ?is *ance1 ! wat] ru%+ on "s o!r object1 recoils on him1 & produces ! same effect2 & if ! fire be 9 ! ro( ( ! ap>tm5t1 he mu/ lie d[n on 8 back on ! floor1 & 9 ?is mann] gets completely /eep$4 ,a ba? ( ?is sort is nei!r v safe nor pleasant2 & ! only prev5tive ( injury to ! heal? is to keep ! m5 9 con/ant motion4 ,:5 !y are all[$ to /& /ill or sit d[n1 ! dang] is consid]able4 ,:5 ! fire is ext+ui%$1 or 9 two or ?ree h\rs aft] its comm5cem5t1 ,i make x a rule to give e man a dram ( spirits4 ,if x be necess>y to leave an eng9e on ! spot1 ^? ( ! m5 :o are to rema9 are s5t home to *ange _! clo!s4 ,,! ,,london ,,fire ,,brigade4 ,! ,london ,fire ,brigade n[ 7,janu>y1 #ahfa7 consi/s ( "o sup]9t5d5t1 f\r =em51 ea* be+ appo9t$ to a di/rict consi/+ ( a f\r? "p ( ,london1 :i* he nev] leaves except on "s v press+ em]g5cy1 & :o1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! sup]9t5d5t1 has ! sole comm& ( all eng9es1 or firem51 )91 or :o may come )91 8 di/rict2 twelve eng9e]s1 t5 sub-eng9e]s1 =ty-sev5 s5ior firem51 & =ty-?ree junior firem53 9 all1 "o hundr$ & sev5te5 individuals4 ,9 addition1 !re are fifte5 driv]s & ?irty-sev5 horses1 all liv+ at ! sev]al /ations1 & ready :5 requir$4 ,!re is also a supplem5t>y =ce ( f\r extra firem51 f\r driv]s1 & eight horses liv+ at ! /ations1 pursu+ _! usual avocations1 & only paid by ! ,committee :5 requir$4 ,! me*anical appliances consi/ ( tw5ty-sev5 l>ge eng9es drawn by horses1 eight small eng9es drawn by h&1 two float+-eng9es work$ by /eam1 "o ( =ty-horse p[]1 & ! o!r ( eighty-horse p[]1 "o l& /eam fire-eng9e1 & tw5ty-eight h&-pumps1 "o ( ! latt] be+ c>ri$ on ea* eng9e4 ,:5 an eng9e is s5t to a fire1 only f\r firem5 & "o driv] accompany x4 ,! lev]s are work$ by ! by-/&]s1 :o are paid "o %ill+ = ! fir/ h\r1 & sixp5ce = ea* succe$+ h\r1 besides refre%m5ts4 ,upw>ds ( six hundr$ assi/ants h be5 ?us employ$ at "o "t4 ,! pr9cipal protection ( ,london aga9/ fire is entirely volunt>y on ! "p ( ! insurance companies1 to :om ! above e/abli%m5t belongs2 !re be+ no law 9 any %ape :atev] to control or su/a9 ! brigade2 & ) ! exception ( "s fifte5 or tw5ty1 ! p>i%-eng9es are comp>atively useless at a s]i\s fire4 ,x mu/ n be omitt$1 t ! greate/ possible assi/ance is giv5 to ! firem5 by ! police1 ( :om !re are ab\t #gjjj1 9 keep+ back ! cr[d1 c4 ,! fire-(fices look ^u ! :ole z a matt] ( private bus9ess1 s t ! brigade is proportion$ q z mu/ to ! am\nt :i* ! (fices ?9k x prud5t to sp5d z to ! size ( ! place4 ,p>is1 :i* is n half ! size ( ,london1 & ! build+s ( :i* are mu* m sub/antial1 has upw>ds ( #hjj firem54 ,x appe>s to me t any success :i* ! brigade may h atta9$ dep5ds1 9 a great measure1 on ! lib]al pay giv51 by :i* ! be/ m5 = ! purpose c be obta9$1 ! fav\rable view 9 :i* ! brigade is reg>d$ by ! public1 & ! will+ & able assi/ance giv5 by a num]\s & p]haps ! be/ police 9 exi/5ce4 ,! firem5 9 ,london be+ con/antly employ$ on weekly wages1 give _! :ole "t to _! employ]s1 & are mu* m "u comm& ?an :]e m5 are only occasionally employ$4 ,! wages & treatm5t be+ lib]al1 al?\gh ! discipl9e is sev]e1 !re are g5]ally a consid]able numb] ( c&idates = ea* vacancy4 ,?us good m5 are obta9$1 seam5 be+ pref]r$1 z !y are taught to obey ord]s1 & ! night & day wat*es & ! unc]ta9ty ( ! occupation are m simil> to _! =m] habits1 ?an to ^? ( o!r m5 ( ! same rank 9 life4 ,! l>ge numb] ( fires is1 h[ev]1 ! pr9cipal cause ( any advantage ! ,london firem5 may possess ov] ^? ( small] places2 & x is h>dly fair to comp>e firem5 :o h only an opportunity ( att5d+ "o or two fires 9 a week1 to ^? :o att5d ne>ly ?ree fires a day4 ,! firem5 are drill$ fir/ daily1 & !n two or ?ree times a week1 = "s mon?s2 & ?is1 ) an av]age ( ?ree calls a day1 soon makes !m acqua9t$ ) ! r\t9e ( _! bus9ess2 b x takes ye>s ( con/ant "w to make a ?or\ghly good fireman4 ,! managem5t ( ! ,london ,fire ,brigade is confid$ to a ,committee1 consi/+ ( "o ( ! directors or secret>ies f ea* ( ! fire-(fices 9 ,london4 ,! sup]9t5d5t has ! comm& ( ! :ole =ce4 ,! t[n is divid$ into f\r di/ricts1 9 ea* ( :i* !re are /ation$ a suffici5t numb] ( eng9es1 "u ! *>ge ( a =eman1 ) eng9es & firem5 "u him4 ,! di/ricts are z foll[s3-- ,,nor? ,,side ,,( ,,riv]4 ,di/rict ,a4 ,f ! ea/w>d to ,paul's ,*a91 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 ,ald]sgate-/reet1 & ,goswell-/reet-road4 ,b4 ,f ,/4 ,paul's1 c41 to ,tott5ham-c\rt-road1 ,cr[n-/reet1 & ,/4 ,m>t9's-lane4 ,c4 ,f ,tott5ham-c\rt-road1 c41 we/w>d4 ,d4 ,s\? side ( ,riv]4 ,! m5 are clo!d uni=mly2 are di/+ui%$ by numb]s correspond+ ) _! names 9 ! books2 & regul>ly ex]cis$ 9 ! use ( _! eng9es1 & 9 su* o!r duties z ! ,committee or ,sup]9t5d5t may direct4 ,! foll[+ g5]al regulations d n conta9 rules ( conduct applicable to e v>iety ( circum/ance t may occur to individuals 9 ! p]=mance ( _! duty1 z some?+ mu/ always be left = ! ex]cise ( intellig5ce & discretion2 &1 accord+ to ! degree 9 :i* ^! qualities 9 memb]s ( ! ,e/abli%m5t are comb9$ ) zeal & activity1 !y become entitl$ to future promotion & rew>d4 ,x is /rongly impress$ ^u ! m9ds ( all p]sons s]v+ 9 ! ,e/abli%m5t1 t "o ( ! greate/ advantages :i* ! pres5t sy/em possesses above t :i* x sup]s$$1 is d]iv$ f ! embody+ ! :ole =ce "u "o responsible (fic]4 ,x is1 !re=e1 incumb5t ^u ! m5 to r5d] prompt & *e]ful ob$i5ce to ! comm&s ( _! sup]iors2 to execute _! duties z /eadily & quietly z possible2 to be c>eful n to annoy ! inhabitants ( h\ses !y may be call$ ^u to ent]1 & to treat all p]sons ) civility2 to take c>e to pres]ve pres5ce ( m9d & good temp]1 & n to all[ !mselves to be di/ract$ f _! duty by ! advice or directions ( any p]sons b _! own (fic]s1 & to obs]ve ! /ricte/ sobriety & g5]al regul>ity ( behavi\r4 ,z e man we>s ! uni=m ( ! ,e/abli%m5t1 :i* is m>k$ ) a numb] correspond+ ) 8 "n 9 ! books1 he mu/ con/antly be> 9 m9d t misconduct w n only reflect discr$it ^u ! ,e/abli%m5t1 b be easily br\ght home to himself & subject him to proportional puni%m5t4 ,! m5 are p>ticul>ly caution$ n to take spiritu\s liquors f any individual )\t special p]mission ( ! sup]9t5d5t1 or1 9 8 abs5ce1 ( ! =eman ( ! di/rict2 & z intoxication ^u ! al>m+ occasion ( fires is n only disreputable to ! ,e/abli%m5t1 b 9 ! highe/ degree dang]\s1 by r5d]+ ! m5 unfit = duty1 e appe>ance ( x is mo/ rigidly m>k$1 & ! =em51 eng9e]s1 & sub-eng9e]s report imm$iately1 = ! purpose ( be+ laid be=e ! ,committee1 e in/ance ( insubord9ation or intoxication1 & ! m5 are accord+ly appris$ t ! regulations reg>d+ ! above-m5tion$ faults w be mo/ /rictly en=c$4 ,all ! m5 9 ! ,e/abli%m5t are liable to be puni%$ by f9e1 susp5sion1 r$uction1 or dismissal1 = disobey+ or neglect+ any ( ^! regulations1 or = any o!r misconduct2 & ! disposal ( ! f9es s collect$ is at ! discretion ( ! ,committee4 ,! foll[+ are ! conditions ^u :i* ea* man is admitt$ into ! ,e/abli%m5t3-- ,he devotes 8 :ole "t to ! s]vice4 ,he s]ves & resides :]ev] he is appo9t$4 ,he mu/ promptly obey all ord]s :i* he may receive f ^? plac$ 9 au?ority ov] him4 ,! age ( admission does n exce$ tw5ty-five1 nor is "u eighte54 ,he con=ms himself to all regulations :i* may be made f "t to "t4 ,he does n ^u any occasion1 or "u any pret5ce :atev]1 take money f any p]son1 )\t ! express p]mission ( ! ,committee4 ,he appe>s at all times 9 ! dress ( ! ,e/abli%m5t4 ,if lodg+s be f\nd = him1 a d$uction ( "o %ill+ p] week is made f 8 pay1 if unm>ri$2 if m>ri$1 & if lodg+s be f\nd = him1 an agreem5t 9 ea* p>ticul> case w be made4 ,he receives 8 pay weekly on su* day z %all be appo9t$4 ,! pay ( a ,junior ,fireman is #cs4 p] day1 or #bas4 a week4 ,! pay ( a ,s5ior ,fireman1 #cs4 #f;d4 a day1 or #bds4 #f;d4 a week4 ,! pay ( a ,sub-,eng9e] is #bfs4 a week4 ,! pay ( an ,eng9e]1 #ds4 a day1 or #bhs4 a week4 ,! ,=em5 are paid by annual sal>ies4 ,ea* man contributes t[>ds a ,sup]annuation ,fund1 accord+ to a scale det]m9$ by ! ,committee4 ,ea* man receives annually-- ,"o %ort frock coat1 m>k$ ) a numb] answ]+ to 8 "n 9 ! books4 ,a black neckclo?4 ,two pairs ( clo? tr\s]s4 ,"o clo? cap4 ,f\r pairs ( boots 9 ?ree ye>s1 & ,once 9 ?ree ye>s he receives-- ,"o great coat4 ,he does n quit ! s]vice )\t giv+ f\rte5 days' previ\s notice2 if he quits )\t su* notice1 or is dismiss$1 ! :ole ( 8 pay !n due is =feit$4 ,e man :o is dismiss$ f ! ,e/abli%m5t1 or :o resigns 8 situation1 deliv]s up1 be=e he quits ! s]vice1 e article ( dress & appo9tm5t :i* may h be5 suppli$ to him2 if any ( su* articles h be51 9 ! op9ion ( ! sup]9t5d5t1 improp]ly us$ or damag$1 ! man makes good ! damage or supplies a new article4 ,e man 9 ! s]vice is liable to imm$iate dismissal = unfitness1 neglig5ce1 or misconduct4 ,! ,committee1 if !y see fit1 may dismiss a man )\t assign+ any reason4 ,no fireman mu/ all[ to be us$ by any o!r p]son1 nor use himself1 except :ile he belongs to ! ,e/abli%m5t1 ! button & badge giv5 ) 8 clo!s4 ,9 ! ev5t ( sickness r5d]+ any man incapable ( p]=m+ 8 duties1 ! ,committee res]ves to itself ! p[] ( mak+ a d$uction f 8 weekly pay4 ,ea* man1 on 8 admission1 gives to ! ,committee1 if requir$1 a lett] ( gu>antee f "s respectable p]son1 to an am\nt n exce$+ #ejl41 z security4 ,,outl9e ,,( ,,g5]al ,,duty4 ,"o-?ird ( ! m5 are con/antly on duty at ! diff]5t eng9e-h\ses1 night & day2 & ! :ole are liable to be call$ up = att5dance at fires1 or = any o!r duty4 ,9 g5]al1 x is arrang$ z foll[s1 viz43-- ,if a fire happ5 9 ,di/rict ,a1 ! :ole ( ! m5 & eng9es ( t di/rict imm$iately repair to ! spot2 two-?irds ( ! m51 & "o ( ! eng9es1 f ea* ( ! di/ricts ,b & ,d1 also g to ! fire2 & "o-?ird ( ! m5 f ! di/rict ,c4 ,if ! fire happ5 9 ,b1 ! :ole ( ! m5 & eng9es 9 t di/rict imm$iately repair to ! fire2 "o eng9e f ,a1 ano!r f ,c1 two-?irds ( ! m5 f ,a & ,c1 & "o-?ird ( ! m5 f ,d4 ,if ! fire happ5 9 ,c1 ! :ole ( ! m5 & eng9es 9 t di/rict1 "o eng9e & two-?irds ( ! m5 f ! di/rict ,b1 & "o-?ird ( ! m5 f ,a & ,d1 g to ! fire4 ,if ! fire happ5 9 ,d1 ! :ole ( ! m5 & eng9es 9 t di/rict1 ) "o eng9e & two-?irds ( ! m5 f ! di/rict ,a1 & "o-?ird ( ! m5 f ,b & ,c1 %all g to ! fire4 ,if a fire happ5 on ! b\nd>y ( a di/rict1 & x is d\btful 9 :i* di/rict x has occurr$1 ! :ole ( ! eng9es & m5 ( ! two adjo9+ di/ricts in/antly proce$ to ! spot1 & "o-?ird ( ! m5 ( ! two rema9+ di/ricts4 ,9 case ( em]g5cy1 ! sup]9t5d5t calls 9 su* additional =ce z he may require4 ,! eng9es are n tak5 to al>ms ( *imneys on fire1 unless ! circum/ances ( ! case %\ld1 9 ! op9ion ( ! sup]9t5d5t1 =eman1 or eng9e]1 require a deviation f ?is regulation4 ,:5 any ( ! m5 f ano!r di/rict come to assi/ at a fire1 if ! eng9e to :i* !y are atta*$ is n 9 att5dance1 !y in/antly g to ! =eman's eng9e ( ! di/rict to :i* !y come4 ,! eng9es are convey$ to fires at n less ?an sev5 miles p] h\r1 & ! m5 :o d n accompany ! eng9es g at n less ?an f\r miles p] h\r4 ,any eng9e] or fireman :o1 :5 at a fire1 is abs5t f an eng9e or a bran* pipe1 )\t ord]s f ! sup]9t5d5t or =eman1 is liable to a f9e4 ,if any ( ! m5 are sick1 or abs5t f any o!r cause1 _! duties are p]=m$ by o!r m5 atta*$ to _! eng9e-/ation4 ,) a view to ! m5 be+ always at h&1 !y are lodg$ z ne> z possible to _! respective eng9e-h\ses4 ,! roll is call$ at ea* /ation e morn+ & ev5+4 ,no man leaves 8 own resid5ce or ! eng9e-/ation to :i* he belongs f #aj ,p4,m4 to #f ,a4,m4 except to g to a fire1 or by an ord] f a sup]ior1 or ) writt5 leave f ! sup]9t5d5t1 & ! s5ior man on duty is answ]able if he does n report any dep>ture f ?is rule4 ,m5 on duty n at ! eng9e-/ations are all[$ "o h\r = breakfa/ & "o = d9n]1 z foll[s3--,"o-half ( ! m5 on duty g to breakfa/ f #h to #i1 & ! o!r half f #i to #aj2 also "o-half g to d9n] f #a to #b1 & ! o!r half f #b to #c4 ,! second half 9 no case leave until ! :ole ( ! fir/ half h return$1 nei!r d ! m5 on duty leave morn+ or ev5+ until ! relief has arriv$4 ,! eng9e] or s5ior man on duty is answ]able = ?is regulation be+ c>ri$ into effect4 ,& any man be+ abs5t f ! premises he is wat*+ or work+ 91 except at ! regul> h\rs1 is puni%$4 ,! m5 = duty individually assemble at ! pr9cipal eng9e-h\se 9 ! di/rict be=e1 or precisely at1 ! h\r fix$ = t purpose4 ,_! names are call$1 & an inspection made by ! =eman ( ! di/rict1 to asc]ta9 t !y are sob] & correctly dress$ & appo9t$4 ,! =eman !n reads & expla9s ! ord]s ( ! day4 ,at ! h\r = reliev+ ! m51 no "o leaves 8 eng9e-h\se until ! relief has actually arriv$ !re2 :5 ! m5 are reliev$1 _! names are call$ ov]1 & !y are inspect$ by ! eng9e]1 t he may asc]ta9 :e!r !y are sob]1 & z correctly dress$ & appo9t$ z :5 !y w5t on duty4 ,! eng9e] ent]s ^! inspections 9 a book4 ,! eng9e]s deliv] a writt5 report1 accord+ to a pr9t$ =m1 twice ea* day1 to ! =eman ( ! di/rict1 :o 9 8 turn reports twice a day to ! sup]9t5d5t4 ,! :ole ( ! m5 are1 at all times1 ready to appe> at any place requir$1 = ex]cise or any o!r purpose1 & are ready 7:e!r on duty or n7 to execute :atev] ord]s !y may receive1 9 relation to ! ,e/abli%m5t1 f ! eng9e]s1 =em51 or sup]9t5d5t4 ,,duties ,,( ,,sup]9t5d5t4 ,! ,sup]9t5d5t resides at ! pr9cipal eng9e-/ation 9 ,watl+-/reet4 ,! mom5t an al>m ( fire is giv51 :]ev] x may be1 he repairs to ! spot ) all possible exp$ition1 & takes ! comm& ( ! :ole =ce4 ,he endeav\rs to asc]ta9 ! cause ( ! fire1 & reports ! same to ! committee4 ,he is responsible = ! g5]al conduct ( ! =em51 eng9e]s1 & firem5 "u 8 *>ge4 ,he makes himself well acqua9t$ ) ! "* & conduct ( e man "u 8 ord]s4 ,he mu/ be firm & j1 &1 at ! same "t1 k9d & conciliat+ 9 8 behavi\r on all occasions4 ,he takes c>e t ! pr9t$ regulations & all o!rs giv5 out f "t to "t1 are promptly & /rictly obey$2 & he gives cle> & precise in/ructions to ! m5 "u him1 & reports e in/ance ( neglect ( a s]i\s nature to ! ,committee4 ,he mu/ feel ! importance ( visit+ "s ( ! eng9e-h\ses1 at unc]ta9 h\rs1 e day & night4 ,he susp5ds & reports to ! ,committee p]sons :o are guilty ( s]i\s misconduct2 & at once puni%es by f9es1 accord+ to a scale sanction$ by ! ,committee1 irregul>ities ( a light] "*1 report+ su* f9es to !m4 ,he mu/ be at all times prep>$ to furni% ! ,committee ) p>ticul>s respect+ ! /ate ( ! ,e/abli%m5t4 ,:5 a fire is ext+ui%$1 ! sup]9t5d5t reta9s only su* a numb] ( m5 & eng9es z he may ?9k necess>y = wat*+ ! premises4 ,he communicates ) ! surveyors ( /ock ( ! (fices int]e/$ 9 a fire1 & arranges ) !m1 9 ! ev5t ( its be+ necess>y1 to "w out salvage f ! ru9s4 ,:5 a fire happ5s1 he causes a report to be made imm$iately1 if 9 (fice h\rs 7or1 if aft] (fice h\rs1 be=e t5 o'clock next morn+71 to ^? (fices int]e/$ 9 ! fire1 & also to _! surveyors ( build+s & /ock1 z soon z possible aft] ! fire is ext+ui%$1 & causes a daily report to be transmitt$ to ea* (fice ( all fires :i* h happ5$1 accord+ to a pr9t$ =m giv5 to him = t purpose1 z foll[s3-- ,date & h\r4 ,situation ( premises4 ,"n & occupation ( t5ant4 ,"n & resid5ce ( l&lord4 ,suppos$ cause ( fire4 ,9 :at (fices insur$4 ,no4 ( ,policy4 ,if !re is gas on ! premises4 ,by :om call$4 ,by :om ext+ui%$4 ,supply ( wat]1 ) "n ( company4 ,no4 ( eng9es att5d+ & ( :at di/rict1 & ! ord] 9 :i* !y arrive4 ,no4 ( m5 ditto ditto4 ,eng9es n ( ! ,e/abli%m5t1 & ! ord] 9 :i* !y arrive4 ,description ( damage4 ,,duties ,,( ,,=eman4 ,! ,=eman resides at ! place appo9t$ = him4 ,he receives 8 ord]s & in/ructions f1 & makes 8 reports to1 ! sup]9t5d5t4 ,he mu/ set an example to ! m5 ( alacrity & skill 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 duty1 & ( regul>ity 9 8 g5]al behavi\r4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ! sup]9t5d5t1 ! =eman ( ! di/rict w take ! comm& ( ! :ole =ce1 bo? ^? ( 8 own di/rict & ( all o!r eng9es & m5 :i* may come to 8 assi/ance 9 cases ( fire4 ,he does n att5d fires t happ5 out ( 8 own di/rict unless he receives ord]s f ! sup]9t5d5t to t effect4 ,he endeav\rs to asc]ta9 ! cause ( ! fire1 & reports ! same to ! sup]9t5d5t4 ,on ! al>m ( fire be+ giv5 9 8 own di/rict1 he in/antly repairs to ! spot1 & uses 8 utmo/ endeav\rs to get ! eng9es into play & supply !m ) wat]4 ,! fir/ eng9e & firem5 :i* arrive at a fire are n int]f]$ )1 nor _! supplies ( wat] div]t$ f !m1 by ^? com+ aft]w>ds1 unless by a di/9ct ord] f ! sup]9t5d5t1 or1 9 8 abs5ce1 f ! =eman ( ! di/rict4 ,! same rule applies to ea* succe$+ eng9e :i* takes up a position4 ,he is c>eful to place ! eng9es 9 su* a mann] t ! m5 :o "w at ! lev]s may be 9 no dang] f ! fall+ ( ! premises on fire2 & also t ! eng9es may n be 9 ! way ( p c>ry+ out furniture1 c42 b1 above all ?+s1 he endeav\rs to place ! eng9e]s ) _! bran* pipes 9 su* positions t ! wat] f ! bran*es may directly /rike ! burn+ mat]ials4 ,?is he _c too (t5 inculcate on ! m5 plac$ "u him1 z ^u ?is po9t1 on be+ prop]ly att5d$ to1 dep5ds entirely ! effect ( ! eng9es4 ,to atta9 ?is mo/ desirable end1 x is frequ5tly necess>y to ent] ! premises on fire1 & ! =eman takes c>e s to place 8 m5 t !y c easily escape4 ,if he has reason to suspect t ! build+ is n suffici5tly secure1 he /ations "o or two compet5t m5 to obs]ve ! /ate ( ! build+1 & to give ! al>m :5 !y see any dang]4 ,he nev] all[s any man unaccompani$ by ano!r to ent] a build+ on fire4 ,he does n ?r[ m wat] on ! premises ?an is absolutely necess>y to ext+ui% ! fire1 z all ! wat] ?r[n aft] ! fire is ext+ui%$1 only t5ds to increase ! damage4 ,:5 ! inmates ( ! premises on fire are remov$1 ! =eman endeav\rs to exclude air f ! p>ts on fire1 by %utt+ all doors & w9d[s z f> z may be practicable4 ,he is responsible = ! conduct ( ! m5 plac$ "u him1 & = ! /ate ( ! eng9es1 :i* mu/ at all times be kept 9 fir/-rate ord]2 he also makes himself well acqua9t$ ) ! tal5t & g5]al "* ( ea* individual "u him4 ,he visits e eng9e-h\se 9 8 di/rict at lea/ once 9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 he sees t ! m5 are on duty1 ! eng9es ready = s]vice1 & ev]y?+ 9 prop] ord]1 & ent]s 8 visit 9 a book kept = t purpose1 ) ! date & h\r ( 8 visit4 ,if he f9ds any?+ wrong1 he ent]s x 9 ! book1 & imm$iately s5ds (f a report to ! sup]9t5d5t by "o ( ! m5 n on duty4 ,he s5ds a writt5 report twice 9 e tw5ty-f\r h\rs to ! sup]9t5d5t1 :i* conta9s a p>ticul> /atem5t ( all fires & ev]y?+ else connect$ ) ! ,e/abli%m5t :i* has occurr$ 9 8 di/rict )9 ! prec$+ twelve h\rs4 ,he returns 9 8 report ( a fire ! names ( su* m51 if any1 z 7 n ready to />t ) ! eng9e to :i* !y are atta*$4 ,x is expect$ t he is able & ready to give in/ructions to ! eng9e]s & m5 on all po9ts relat+ to _! duty4 ,he receives & ent]s1 9 a book kept = t purpose1 all compla9ts :i* may be made aga9/ any p]son "u 8 comm&1 caus+ ! compla9+ p>ty to sign ! same & ins]t 8 address1 & he reports ! :ole matt] )\t delay to ! sup]9t5d5t4 ,he is responsible = ! eng9es 9 8 di/rict be+ ea* provid$ ) ! articles conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ li/3-- #b l5g?s ( scal+ ladd]4 #a canvas %eet1 ) #aj or #ab h&les ( rope r\nd ! edge ( x1 us$ z a portable fire-escape4 #b pieces ( #b-a_/b-;in* rope1 "o #aj fa?oms & "o #ad fa?oms long4 #g l5g?s ( hose1 ea* #dj feet long4 #b bran* pipes1 "o #d & ! o!r #a foot long4 #c nozzles1 or jet pipes4 #d l5g?s ( suction-pipe1 ea* ab\t #f feet long4 #a flat rose4 #a /&cock4 #a goose-neck4 #b balls ( /rips ( %eep-sk94 #b balls ( small cord4 #d hose wr5*es4 #a fire hook4 #a mattock4 #a %ovel4 #a saw4 #a screw-wr5*4 #a portable ci/]n4 #a hat*et or pole-axe4 #a iron cr[-b>4 ,,duties ,,( ,,! ,,eng9e]4 ,he resides 9 ! eng9e-h\se to :i* he is appo9t$4 ,he obeys all ord]s giv5 to him by ! sup]9t5d5t or ! =eman ( ! di/rict4 ,he mu/ set an example to ! m5 ( alacrity & skill 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 duty1 & ( regul>ity 9 8 g5]al behavi\r4 ,he is held responsible = ! conduct ( ! m5 "u him1 & = ! /ate ( 8 eng9e1 & takes c>e t x is provid$ ) ! articles conta9$ 9 ! =ego+ li/4 ,he reports to 8 =eman1 e morn+ & ev5+1 9 writ+1 :e!r any ( 8 m5 h be5 abs5t ) or )\t leave4 ,he ent]s 9 8 book ! "t :5 ! m5 g to ! =eman's /ation be=e tak+ duty1 & also :5 !y return4 ,on receiv+ notice ( a fire happ5+ )9 ! prescrib$ limits1 he in/antly takes 8 eng9e & m5 to ! spot1 & places himself & !m at ! disposal ( ! sup]9t5d5t1 =eman1 or s5ior eng9e] ( ! di/rict 9 :i* ! fire happ5s4 ,he mu/ make himself acqua9t$ ) ! "* & abilities ( ea* man "u him4 ,he is subject to f9es at ! discretion ( ! ,committee1 = neglect ( duty or misbehavi\r4 ,,duties ,,( ,,sub-,,eng9e]s4 ,! sub-eng9e]s be+ atta*$ to =em5's & d\ble /ations only1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! =em5 or eng9e]1 or :5 9 *>ge ( an eng9e1 ! duties ( ! sub-eng9e] are ! same z ^? describ$ = an eng9e]2 :5 ! =eman or eng9e] is abs5t1 ! sub-eng9e] mu/ set an example to ! firem5 at ! /ation ( con/ant att5tion1 implicit ob$i5ce & activity1 & 9 s f> z he exhibits ^! & simil> qualifications he expects to rise 9 ! s]vice4 ,,duties ,,( ,,! ,,fireman4 ,e fireman 9 ! e/abli%m5t may expect to rise to ! sup]ior /ations1 by activity1 intellig5ce1 sobriety1 & g5]al good conduct4 ,he mu/ make x 8 /udy to recomm5d himself to notice by a dilig5t dis*>ge ( 8 duties1 & /rict ob$i5ce to ! comm&s ( 8 sup]iors1 recollect+ t he :o has be5 accu/om$ to obey w be consid]$ be/ qualifi$ to comm&4 ,he resides ne> ! eng9e-h\se to :i* he is atta*$1 9 a situation to be approv$ (1 & devotes ! :ole ( 8 "t & abilities to ! s]vice4 ,on ! al>m ( fire1 he proce$s ) all possible spe$ to ! eng9e-h\se to :i* he is atta*$4 ,he mu/ at all times appe> neat 9 8 p]son1 & correctly dress$ 9 ! e/abli%m5t uni=m1 & be respectful 9 8 demean\r t[>ds 8 sup]iors4 ,he mu/ readily & punctually obey ! ord]s ( ! eng9e]s1 =em51 & sup]9t5d5t4 ,he mu/ n quit 8 eng9e-h\se :ile on duty1 except to g to a fire1 unless by special ord] f a sup]ior4 ,he is subject to f9es = neglect ( duty or misbehavi\r1 accord+ to ! regulations4 ,,books ,,kept ,,at ,,! ,,/ations4 ,!re is a book kept 9 ea* eng9e-h\se1 9 :i* are ent]$ all fires or al>ms ( fires2 ! "t ! m5 come on duty2 ! visits made by ! =em51 sup]9t5d5t1 or any ( ! ,committee1 & all compla9ts aga9/ ! m54 ,?is book is 9 *>ge ( ! sup]ior on duty at ! "t2 & ! =eman & eng9e]s are answ]able = its be+ correctly kept4 ,e entry made 9 ?is book is sign$ by ! p]son mak+ x4 ,! sup]9t5d5t ent]s1 9 a book kept = t purpose1 ! p>ticul>s ( e fire1 ! att5dance ( eng9es1 supply ( wat]1 c41 & lays x be=e ! ,committee weekly1 or (t5]1 if requir$4 ,any false entry1 = ! purpose ( conceal+ abs5ce1 is puni%$--= ! fir/ (f5ce1 by ! r$uction ( "o /ep1 & = ! second by dismissal4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,f3 ,at a fire :i* took place 9 "o ( ! be/ /reets 9 ,ed9burgh1 & :i* began 9 ! ro(1 ! p]sons :o ru%$ into ! h\se on ! fir/ al>m be+ giv51 ?rew ! great] "p ( ! cont5ts ( ! draw+-room & libr>y1 ) sev]al basketsful ( *9a & glass1 out ( ! w9d[s2 ! fire injur$ no?+ bel[ ! upp]mo/ /ory4 ,,! ,,ed9burgh ,,fire ,,brigade4 ,9 =m+ ! brigade 9 ,ed9burgh1 :]e ! firem5 are only occasionally employ$1 ! description ( m51 f :i* ,i made a selection1 7 slat]s1 h\se-c>p5t]s1 masons1 plumb]s1 & smi?s4 ,slat]s make good firem51 n s mu* f _! sup]iority 9 climb+1 go+ along ro(s1 c41 al?\gh ^! are great advantages1 b f _! be+ 9 g5]al possess$ ( a h&9ess & read9ess :i* ,i h n be5 able to discov] 9 ! same degree among/ o!r classes ( workm54 ,x is1 p]haps1 n necess>y t ,i %\ld acc\nt = ?is1 b x appe>s to me to arise f _! be+ m dep5d5t on _! wits1 & m frequ5tly put to _! %ifts 9 ! execution ( _! ord9>y avocations4 ,h\se-c>p5t]s & masons be+ well acqua9t$ ) ! con/ruction ( build+s1 & und]/&+ readily f :5ce dang] is to be appreh5d$1 c judge ) tol]able accuracy1 f ! appe>ance ( a h\se1 :]e ! /air is situat$1 & h[ ! h\se is divid$ inside4 ,plumb]s are also well accu/om$ to climb+ & go+ along ! ro(s ( h\ses2 !y are useful 9 work+ fire-cocks1 cov]+ ! grat+s ( dra9s ) lead1 & g5]ally 9 ! managem5t ( wat]4 ,smi?s & plumb]s c also bett] endure heat & smoke ?an mo/ o!r workm54 ,m5 select$ f ^! five trades are also m robu/ 9 body1 & bett] able to endure ! extremes ( heat1 cold1 wet1 & fatigue1 to :i* firem5 are s frequ5tly expos$1 ?an m5 engag$ 9 m s$5t>y employm5ts4 ,i h g5]ally made x a po9t to select = firem51 "y m5 f sev5te5 or eighte5 to tw5ty-five ye>s ( age4 ,at t age !y ent] m readily into ! _s ( ! bus9ess1 & are mu* m easily tra9$1 ?an :5 f>!r advanc$ 9 life4 ,m5 are frequ5tly f\nd :o1 al?\gh !y excel 9 ! me*anical p>ts ( _! own pr(essions1 are yet s devoid ( judgm5t & res\rces1 t :5 any?+ occurs :i* !y h n be5 taught1 or h n be5 able to =esee1 !y are completely at a loss4 ,n[ x happ5s n unfrequ5tly t ! man :o arrives fir/ at a fire1 not)/&+ any tra9+ or in/ructions he may h receiv$1 is /ill1 f ! circum/ances ( ! case1 left almo/ entirely to ! direction ( 8 own judgm5t4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ( imm5se importance to procure m5 on ^: coolness & judgm5t y c dep5d4 ,if !y are exp]t tradesm51 s mu* ! bett]1 z !re is g5]ally a degree ( respect %[n to fir/-rate tradesm5 by _! fell[s1 :i* inf]ior h&s c seldom obta92 & ?is respect t5ds greatly to keep up ! "* ( ! corps to :i* !y belong1 :i* ought nev] to be lo/ sight (4 ,amid/ ! noise & confusion :i* m or less att5d all fires1 ,i h f\nd consid]able difficulty 9 be+ able to convey ! necess>y ord]s to ! firem5 9 su* a mann] z n to be liable to misappreh5sion4 ,i tri$ a speak+-trumpet2 b1 f9d+ x ( no advantage1 x 0 spe$ily ab&on$4 ,x appe>$ to me inde$1 t :ile x increas$ ! s\nd ( ! voice1 by ! deep tone :i* x gave1 x br\ght x into great] accordance ) ! surr\nd+ noise4 ,i tri$ a boatswa9's call1 :i* ,i h f\nd to answ] mu* bett]4 ,its %rill pi]c+ note is s unlike any o!r s\nd usually he>d at a fire1 t x imm$iately attracts ! att5tion ( ! firem54 ,by v>y+ ! calls1 ,i h n[ e/abli%$ a mode ( communication n easily misund]/ood1 & suffici5tly precise = ! circum/ances to :i* x is adapt$1 & :i* ,i n[ f9d to be a v great conv5i5ce4 ,! calls are z foll[s3-- #a = r$1 #b = blue1 #c = yell[1 #d = grey4,g #e to "w ! eng9e4 #f to /op work+4 #g to atta* "o l5g? ( hose m ?an ! eng9e has at ! "t ! call is giv54 #h to coil up ! hose atta*$ to ! eng9e4 #i to coil up ! hose atta*$ to ! fire-cock4 #aj to turn to ! left4 #aa to turn to ! "r4 #ab ! call to "w ! eng9e answ]s also to move =w>d :5 ! eng9e is prep>$ = travell+4 #ac ! call to /op work+ answ]s to /op ! eng9e :5 mov+ =w>d4 ,9 all !re are ?irty-six calls :5 comp\nd$ ) ! fir/ f\r4 ,9 speak+ ( ! drill+ ( firem51 ,i %all give a %ort acc\nt ( ! plan foll[$ "h1 :i* has be5 tol]ably successful4 ,! pres5t numb] ( firem5 9 ,ed9burgh is fifty1 divid$ into f\r companies2 ?ree ( :i* consi/ ( twelve & "o ( f\rte5 m54 ,! b\nds ( ! city are divid$ into f\r di/ricts2 9 ea* ( :i* !re is an eng9e-h\se1 conta9+ "o or m eng9es1 "o ( ! companies be+ atta*$ to ea* eng9e-h\se4 ,9 ea* company !re is "o capta91 "o s]geant1 f\r pione]s1 & six or eight firem54 ,! :ole are dress$ 9 blue jackets1 canvas tr\s]s1 & h>d5$ lea!r helmets1 hav+ holl[ lea!r cre/s ov] ! cr[n to w>d (f fall+ mat]ials4 ,! =m ( ?is helmet 0 tak5 f ! w>-helmet ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 ) ! addition ( ! h9d flap ( lea!r to prev5t burn+ matt]1 melt$ lead1 wat]1 or rubbi% gett+ into ! neck ( ! we>]4 ,! capta9s' helmets h ?ree small ornam5ts1 ^? ( ! s]geants "o--^? ( ! pione]s & firem5 be+ pla94 ,! jackets ( ! capta9s h two small clo? w+s on ! %\ld]1 simil> to ^? worn by light infantry4 ,^? ( ! s]geants h ?ree /ripes on ! left arm1 &1 on ! left arms ( ! pione]s & firem51 are _! respective numb]s 9 ! company4 ,ea* company has a p>ticul> col\r--r$1 blue1 yell[1 & grey4 ,ea* eng9e is pa9t$ ( "o or o!r ( ^! col\rs1 & ! acc\trem5ts ( ! m5 belong+ to x correspond4 ,!re is ?us no difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ ! eng9es or m5 f ea* o!r by _! col\rs & numb]s4 ,ea* man also we>s a broad lea!r wai/-belt1 ) a brass buckle 9 front4 ,to ! wai/-belts ( ! capta9s1 s]geants1 & pione]s is atta*$ eighty feet ( cord2 ! capta9s hav+ also a small mason's hamm]1 ) a cr[-head at ! end ( ! h&le3 ! s]geants h a claw$ hamm]1 su* z is us$ by h\se-c>p5t]s1 ) an iron h&le1 & two op5+s at ! end = unscrew+ nuts f bolts2 ! pione]s a small hat*et1 ) a cr[-head at ! end ( ! h&le2 & ! firem5 ea* c>ry a canvas wat]-bucket fold$ up4 ,! capta9s assemble e ,tuesday night1 to give 9 a report ( su* fires z may h occurr$ 9 _! respective di/ricts1 ) a li/ ( ! m5 :o h turn$ out1 & a correspond+ li/ f ! s]geant ( police ( ! respective di/ricts4 ,!y !n receive any ord]s :i* may be necess>y2 & any vacancies :i* h occurr$ 9 ! e/abli%m5t are fill$ up at ^! meet+s4 ,= "s mon?s aft] ?is fire e/abli%m5t 0 organiz$1 ! m5 7 regul>ly drill$ once a week1 at f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+2 b n[ only once a mon? at ! same h\r4 ,among _m o!r good reasons = pref]r+ ?is e>ly h\r1 ,i may m5tion1 t x does n int]f]e ) ! daily occupation ( ! firem54 ,! *ance ( collect+ a cr[d is also avoid$1 z !re are !n comp>atively few p on ! /reets2 ?is is a matt] ( "s importance1 z a cr[d ( p n only imp$es ! movem5ts ( ! firem51 b1 f small quantities ( wat] spilt on ! by-/&]s1 qu>rels are g5]at$1 & a prejudice excit$ aga9/ ! corps1 to avoid :i* e ex]tion %\ld be us$ to keep ! firem5 on good t]ms ) ! populace4 ,! morn+s1 too1 at ?is e>ly h\r1 are d>k = m ?an half ! ye>1 & ! firem5 are ?us accu/om$ to "w by tor*-light1 & sometimes )\t any light :atev]1 except ! few public lamps :i* are !n burn+4 ,&1 z mo/ fires happ5 9 ! night1 ! advantage ( drill+ 9 ! d>k mu/ be suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,! inhabitants h sometimes compla9$ ( be+ di/urb$ ) ! noise ( ! eng9es at s e>ly an h\r2 b :5 ! object has be5 expla9$1 !y h g5]ally submitt$1 ) a good grace1 to ?is slight evil4 ,a diff]5t "p ( ! city be+ always *os5 = ea* successive drill1 ! annoyance occasion$ to any "o di/rict is v trifl+1 & ( v unfrequ5t occurr5ce4 ,on ! ,tuesday ev5+ prec$+ ! drill1 ! capta9s are in=m$ :5 & :]e ! m5 are to assemble4 ,^! ord]s !y communicate to ! individual firem54 ,a po9t ( r5dezv\s be+ ?us giv5 to ! :ole body1 e man1 :o is n on ! spot at ! h\r appo9t$1 fully equipp$1 ) 8 clo!s & acc\trem5ts 9 good ord]1 is subject$ to a f9e4 ,arriv$ on ! gr\nd1 ! m5 are divid$ into two p>ties1 ea* p>ty consi/+ ( two companies1 t be+ ! numb] requir$ to "w ea* l>ge eng9e )\t any assi/ance f ! populace4 ,! :ole are !n exam9$ z to ! condition ( _! clo?+ & equipm5ts4 ,! capta9s1 s]geants1 & pione]s ( ea* company alt]nately take ! duty ( direct+ ! eng9e1 atta*+ ! hose1 c41 :ile ! :ole ( ea* p>ty n engag$ 9 ^! duties take ! lev]s z firem54 ,! call is !n giv5 to move =w>d1 ! m5 sett+ (f at a quick walk+ pace1 &1 on ! same call be+ repeat$1 !y get into a sm>t trot4 ,:5 ! call to /op is giv51 ) ord]s to atta* "o or m l5g?s ( hose to ! eng9e & fire-cock1 x is done 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,no4 #a takes out ! bran* pipe1 & runs out z f> z he ?9ks ! hose ord]$ to be atta*$ w rea*1 & !re rema9s2 ,no4 #b takes a l5g? ( hose out ( ! eng9e1 & uncoils x t[>ds ,no4 #a2 & ,no4 #c atta*es ! hose to ! eng9e4 ,if m ?an "o l5g? is requir$1 ,no4 #d takes out ano!r1 c\ples x to ! =m] l5g?1 & !n uncoils x4 ,if a ?ird l5g? is want$1 ,no4 #c comes up ) x1 aft] hav+ atta*$ ! fir/ l5g? to ! eng9e4 ,if m l5g?s are /ill want$1 ,no3 #b goes back to ! eng9e = ano!r2 ,nos4 #c & #d foll[1 & s on till ! requisite l5g? is obta9$2 ,no4 #a !n screws on ! bran*-pipe at ! f>!r extremity ( ! la/ l5g?4,h ,:ile ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 & #d are atta*+ ! hose to ! eng9e1 ,no4 #e op5s ! fire-cock door1 screws on ! di/ributor1 & atta*es ! l5g? ( hose1 :i* ,no4 #f uncoils2 ,nos4 #g & #h assi/1 if m ?an "o l5g? ( hose be requir$4 ,imm$iately on ! call be+ giv5 to atta* ! hose1 ! s]geant locks ! =e-c>riage ( ! eng9e1 & unlocks ! lev]s4 ,! fire-cock be+ op5$ by ,no4 #e 7:o rema9s by x z long z x is be+ us$71 ! s]geant holds ! end ( ! hose :i* supplies ! eng9e1 & at ! same "t sup]9t5ds ! m5 :o "w ! lev]s4 ,! call be+ giv5 to "w ! eng9e1 ! :ole ( ! m51 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 & #e1 ! capta9 & s]geant except$1 "w at ! lev]s along ) ! m5 ( ! o!r company4 ,al?\gh ^! op]ations may appe> complicat$1 !y are all complet$1 & ! eng9e 9 full play1 ) ?ree l5g?s1 or #abj feet ( hose1 9 "o m9ute & t5 seconds1 includ+ ! "t requir$ = ! wat] to fill ! eng9e s f> z to all[ x to "w4 ,9 ord] to excite a _s ( emulation1 z well z to tea* ! m5 dext]ity 9 work+ ! eng9es1 ,i frequ5tly cause a competition among/ !m4 ,!y are ord]$ to atta* "o or m l5g?s ( hose to ea* ( two eng9es1 & to "w !m z quickly z possible1 ! fir/ eng9e :i* ?r[s wat] be+ consid]$ ! w9n]4 ,!y are sometimes also plac$ at an equal di/ance f ea* ( two sep>ate fire-cocks2 on ! call be+ giv5 to move =w>d1 ea* p>ty />ts = ! fire-cock to :i* x is ord]$1 & ! fir/ :i* gets into play is ( c\rse held to h beat ! o!r4 ,! call to /op is !n giv51 & bo? p>ties return to _! =m] /ation1 ) _! hose coil$ up1 & ev]y?+ 9 prop] travell+ ord]2 ! fir/ :i* arrives be+ und]/ood to h ! advantage4 ,! m5 are also c>efully & regul>ly practis$ 9 tak+ _! hose up common-/airs1 draw+ !m up by ropes on ! outside1 & g5]ally 9 accu/om+ !mselves to1 & provid+ aga9/1 e circum/ance :i* may be anticipat$ 9 ! case ( fire4 ,:5 a fire occurs 9 a common-/air1 ! advantages aris+ f ?is bran* ( tra9+ are incalculable4 ,! occupants1 9 "s cases am\nt+ to tw5ty or ?irty families1 hurry+ out ) _! *ildr5 & furniture1 reg>dless ( ev]y?+ except ! pres]vation ( _! lives & prop]ty1 & ! ru% ( ! cr[d to ! sc5e ( al>m1 =m altoge!r1 not)/&+ ! ex]tions ( an excell5t police1 su* a sc5e ( confusion z ^? only :o h witness$ x c imag9e2 & "h x is t discipl9e & unity ( purpose are indisp5sable2 =1 unless ea* man has already be5 taught & accu/om$ to ! p>ticul> duty expect$ f him1 he only p>takes ( ! g5]al al>m1 & adds to ! confusion4 ,b ev5 :5 a hose has be5 c>ri$ up ! int]ior ( a common-/air1 ! risk ( damage f ! p c>ry+ out _! furniture is s great1 t ! hose is n unfrequ5tly bur/1 almo/ z soon z ! eng9e has begun to play4 ,if ! hose be c>ri$ up to ! floor on fire by ! outside1 ! risk ( damage is comp>atively small1 ! hose 9 t case be+ only expos$ = a %ort di/ance 9 cross+ ! /air4 ,dur+ a p]iod ( f\r ye>s ! only two firem5 :o lo/ _! lives 7 run d[n by _! own eng9es2 &1 9 ord] to avoid dang] f ?is cause1 !y are frequ5tly accu/om$ sudd5ly to /op ! eng9es :5 runn+ d[n ! /eep /reets ) :i* ?is city ab\nds4 ,x is a highly necess>y ex]cise1 & is done by :eel+ ! eng9e sm>tly r\nd to ! "r or left1 :i* has ! effect ( imm$iately /opp+ its c\rse4 ,!re is a bran* ( tra9+ :i* ,i introduc$ among/ ! ,ed9burgh firem5 "s "t ago1 :i* has be5 att5d$ ) m important advantages ?an 0 at fir/ anticipat$4 ,i mean ! gymna/ic ex]cises4 ,! m5 are practis$ 9 ^! ex]cises 79 a small gymnasium fitt$ up = !m 9 ! head eng9e-h\se7 regul>ly once a-week1 & 9 w9t] sometimes twice3 att5dance on _! "p is entirely volunt>y2 ! be/ gymna/s 7if o!rwise equally qualifi$7 are always promot$ 9 cases ( vacancy4 ,s s5sible 7 ! ,insurance ,companies do+ bus9ess "h1 ( ! advantages likely to arise f ! practice ( ^! ex]cises1 t on "o occasion !y subscrib$ upw>ds ( #ajl41 :i* 0 di/ribut$ 9 m$als & money among ! mo/ exp]t & att5tive gymna/s ( ! corps1 at a competition 9 pres5ce ( ! magi/rates1 commission]s ( police1 & manag]s ( insurance companies4 ,among/ ! _m advantages aris+ f ^! ex]cises ,i %all notice only "o or two4 ,! firem51 :5 at _! ord9>y employm5ts1 z masons1 h\se-c>p5t]s1 c41 be+ accu/om$ to a p>ticul> ex]cise ( c]ta9 muscles only1 !re is v (t5 a degree ( /iffness 9 _! g5]al movem5ts1 :i* prev5ts !m f p]=m+ _! duty z firem5 ) t ease & cel]ity :i* are s necess>y & desirable2 b ! gymna/ic ex]cises1 by br++ all ! muscles ( ! body into action1 & by aid+ ! m g5]al developm5t ( ! frame1 t5d greatly to remove or ov]come ?is awkw>dness4 ,b its greate/ advantage is ! confid5ce x gives to ! m5 :5 plac$ 9 c]ta9 situations ( dang]4 ,a man1 = example1 9 ! ?ird or f\r? floor ( a h\se on fire1 :o is unc]ta9 z to 8 means ( escape1 9 ! ev5t ( 8 return by ! /air be+ cut (f1 w n r5d] any v effici5t s]vice 9 ext+ui%+ ! fire2 8 own safety w be ! pr9cipal object ( 8 att5tion1 & till t is to a c]ta9 ext5t secur$1 8 ex]tions are n mu* to be reli$ ^u4 ,an exp]i5c$ gymna/1 on ! o!r h&1 plac$ 9 ^! circum/ances1 f9ds himself 9 comp>ative security4 ,) a hat*et & eighty feet ( cord at 8 comm&1 & a w9d[ ne> him1 he kn[s !re is n mu* difficulty 9 gett+ to ! /reet2 & ?is confid5ce n only enables him to g on ) 8 duty ) m _s1 b 8 att5tion n be+ ab/ract$ by ?\ghts ( p]sonal dang]1 he is able to direct x :olly to ! circum/ances ( ! fire4 ,he c raise himself on a w9d[ sill1 or ! top ( a wall1 if he c only rea* x ) 8 h&s2 & by 8 h&s alone he may su/a9 himself 9 situations :]e o!r means ( support are unatta9able1 till ! arrival ( assi/ance4 ,^! are great advantages2 b1 z ,i said be=e1 ! greate/ ( all is t feel+ ( safety ) :i* x enables a fireman to proce$ ) 8 op]ations1 unc]ta9ty or di/raction be+ ! greate/ ( possible evils4 ,! cord c>ri$ at ! wai/-belt ( ! capta9s1 s]geants1 & pione]s1 be+ fully suffici5t to su/a9 a man's weight1 & ) ! assi/ance ( _! small hat*ets easily made fa/1 & ! pione]s always be+ two toge!r1 !re is ?us no difficulty 9 desc5d+ ev5 f a height ( eighty feet3 ! cords %\ld be d\bl$ by way ( security4 ,i4--,,g5]al ,,regulations ,,( ,,! ,,ed9burgh ,,fire ,,brigade4 ,a li/ ( ! eng9e-h\ses1 & ! resid5ces ( ! sup]9t5d5t & head eng9em5 9 ea* di/rict %all be publicly adv]tis$1 t no "o may be ignorant :]e to apply 9 cases ( fire2 &1 9 ! ev5t ( fire break+ out 9 any h\se1 ! possessor %all be b\nd to give in/ant notice ( x at ! ne>e/ /ation2 & %all take p>ticul> c>e to keep all doors & w9d[s %ut 9 ! premises :]e ! fire happ5s to be4 ,fire-eng9e h\se %all be pa9t$ 9 l>ge *>act]s on "o or m prom95t places ( ea* eng9e-h\se2 & ! resid5ces ( ! ma/] ( eng9es1 head eng9em51 inspectors ( gas companies1 & wat]-(fic]s ( ! di/rict1 %all likewise be m>k$ !re4 ,! head eng9em5 & firem5 %all reside z ne> ! eng9e-h\se z possible4 ,z1 9 ! case ( a fire break+ out1 x may be necess>y to break op5 ! doors ( h\ses & %ops 9 ! neighb\rhood1 9 ord] to prev5t ! fire f spread+1 x is ord]$1 t no possessors ( h\ses or %ops 9 ! neighb\rhood %all g away1 aft] ! fire has brok5 out1 )\t leav+ ! key ( _! h\se or %op1 z o!rwise ! door w be brok5 op51 if necess>y2 & x is recomm5d$ t all possessors ( %ops %all h ! place ( _! resid5ce pa9t$ ^u _! %op-doors1 t notice may be s5t !m :5 necess>y4 ,,ii4--,,police4 ,^u any wat*man discov]+ fire1 he %all call ! neighb\r+ wat*m5 to 8 assi/ance--%all take ! be/ means 9 8 p[] to put all conc]n$ ^u _! gu>d--& %all imm$iately s5d (f notice to ! ne>e/ (fice & eng9e-h\se4 ,! wat*man1 :o is despat*$ to give ^! intimations1 %all run z f> z he c1 & %all !n s5d =w>d any o!r wat*man :om he may meet1 he himself foll[+ at a walk to communicate 8 in=mation1 9 case ( any mi/ake on ! "p ( ! second mess5g]4 ,^u intimation ( a fire be+ receiv$ at ! ma9 (fice1 or a di/rict (fice1 ! head (fic] on duty %all in/antly give notice !re( to ! head eng9eman ( ! di/rict1 to ! ma/] ( eng9es1 to ! wat]-(fic]s ( ! di/rict1 & to ! inspectors ( ! diff]5t gas-light companies1 & %all h p[]1 if 8 =ce at ! (fice at ! "t be defici5t1 to employ ! ne>e/ wat*m5 = ^! purposes2 &1 on intimation be+ fir/ receiv$ at a di/rict-(fice1 ! (fic] on duty 9 ! (fice %all imm$iately s5d notice to ! ma9 (fice4 ,^u intimation be+ receiv$ at ! ma9 (fice1 ! (fic] on duty %all also in/antly s5d notice to ! sup]9t5d5t ( police1 & ! lieut5ants n at ! (fice at ! "t--to ! ma/] ( eng9es2 to ! head eng9em5 ( ! v>i\s di/ricts2 to ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! wat] company2 to ! "l provo/ or *ief magi/rate = ! "t2 to ! %]iff ( ! c\nty2 to ! bailie resid+ ne>e/ ! place2 to ! dean ( guild2 to ! memb]s ( fire-eng9e committee ( commission]s ( police2 to ! mod]ator ( ! high con/ables2 & also to ! manag]s ( ! diff]5t gaslight companies4 ,! (fic] on duty at ! ma9 (fice %all1 ) ! lea/ possible delay1 s5d (f to ! fire a p>ty ( 8 m51 "u ! comm& ( a lieut5ant or o!r (fic]4 ,?is p>ty1 on arriv+ at ! spot1 %all cle> (f ! cr[d1 & keep op5 space & passages = ! firem5 & o!rs employ$4 ,! (fic] comm&+ ?is p>ty ( ! police %all att5d to no in/ructions except su* z he %all receive f ! act+ *ief magi/rate att5d+2 or1 9 abs5ce ( a magi/rate1 f any memb] ( ! committee on fire-eng9es2 & ! m5 %all att5d to ! in/ructions ( _! own (fic] alone4 ,?ree or m policem5 %all be 9 att5dance ^u ! act+ *ief magi/rate & fire-eng9e committee2 two policem5 %all con/antly att5d ! ma/] ( ! eng9es1 to be at 8 disposal entirely2 & "o policeman %all att5d ) ! wat]-(fic] at ea* fire-cock t may be op5$4 ,! sup]9t5d5t ( police %all always h a li/ ( extra policem5 hung up 9 ! police-(fice1 :o1 ^u occasions ( fire1 may be call$ out1 if necess>y1 & tw5ty ( ^! extra m5 %all always be call$ out ^u notice ( fire be+ receiv$ at ! ma9 (fice1 = ! purpose ( att5d+ at ! police-(fice1 & r5d]+ assi/ance :]e x may be requir$4 ,! sup]9t5d5t %all likewise h a supply ( fire-buckets1 flambeaux1 & lant]ns1 at ! (fice1 to be ready :5 want$4 ,!re %all be no r++ ( al>m-bells1 beat+ ( drums1 or spr++ ( rattles1 except by writt5 ord] f ! *ief magi/rate = ! "t2 b ! al>m may be giv5 by despat*+ mess5g]s1 ) prop] badges1 ?r\gh diff]5t p>ts ( ! t[n1 :5 consid]$ necess>y4 ,,iii4 ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,fire ,,brigade4 ,on receiv+ notice ( a fire1 ! sup]9t5d5t %all in/antly equip himself 9 8 uni=m1 & repair to ! spot :]e ! fire is4 ,! necess>y op]ations to be adopt$ %all be "u 8 absolute control1 & he w issue 8 in/ructions to ! head eng9em5 & firem54 ,! sup]9t5d5t %all report f "t to "t to ! *ief magi/rate 9 att5dance 7?r\gh su* m$ium z may be at 8 comm&1 b )\t 8 leav+ ! spot71 ! /ate ( ! fire1 & :e!r a great] numb] ( policem51 or a p>ty ( ! milit>y1 be requir$1 & any?+ else :i* may occur to him2 & ! ma/] %all obs]ve ! directions ( ! *ief magi/rate att5d+1 & ^? ( no o!r p]son :atev]4 ,! sup]9t5d5t %all frequ5tly inspect ! eng9es1 & all ! app>atus connect$ !re)2 he %all be responsible = ! :ole be+ at all times 9 good ord] & condition2 & he %all h a g5]al mu/] & inspection at lea/ once e ?ree mon?s1 :5 ! eng9es & all ! app>atus %all be tri$4 ,he %all also in/ruct ! eng9em51 firem51 & ! wat*m51 to unlock ! plates1 & screw on ! di/ributors ( ! fire-cocks1 or op5 ! fire-plugs4 ,:5ev] any repairs or new app>atus %all appe> to be necess>y1 ! sup]9t5d5t %all give notice to ! cl]k ( ! police1 ^: duty x %all be in/antly to conv5e ! committee on fire-eng9es4 ,^u a fire break+ out1 ! sup]9t5d5t %all lose z little "t z possible 9 /ation+ *imney-sweep]s on ! ro(s ( ! adjo9+ h\ses1 to keep !m cle> ( fly+ emb]s2 & also p]sons 9 ea* flat ( ! adjo9+ h\ses1 to obs]ve _! /ate1 & report if any appe>ances ( dang] %\ld arise2 su* p]sons tak+ z mu* c>e z possible to keep all doors & w9d[s ( said flats %ut1 & ! doors & w9d[s ( ! premises :]e ! fire happ5s to be %all1 s f> z practicable1 be c>efully kept %ut4 ,! sup]9t5d5t %all =?) prep>e regulations = ! firem51 c41 "u 8 *>ge1 & report ! same to ! committee on fire-eng9es = _! approval4 ,e fireman %all be furni%$ ) a copy ( su* regulations1 & %all be b\nd to make himself ma/] ( its cont5ts2 & x %all be ! duty ( ! sup]9t5d5t to see t ! in/ructions are duly att5d$ to 9 tra9+ & ex]cis+ ! m54 ,,iv4--,,head ,,eng9em54 ,ea* head eng9eman %all att5d to ! eng9es plac$ 9 8 di/rict1 & all ! app>atus connect$ !re)1 & report to ! sup]9t5d5t :5 any repairs or new app>atus seem requisite1 & %all be responsible = ! eng9es be+ 9 prop] work+ condition at all times4 ,^u receiv+ notice ( a fire1 ! head eng9em5 %all call out ! firem5 9 _! respective di/ricts2 & !y %all all repair1 p]fectly equipp$1 ) ! utmo/ exp$ition1 to ! spot :]e ! fire happ5s to be1 c>ry+ along ) !m ! eng9es & app>atus4 ,! head eng9em5 %all h ! c>ts & b>rels atta*$ to _! sev]al di/ricts always 9 read9ess1 9 good ord]1 & ! b>rels fill$ ) wat]1 :i* %all accompany ! eng9es to ! fire4 ,on arriv+ at ! spot1 ! head eng9em5 %all take _! in/ructions f ! sup]9t5d5t1 or1 9 8 abs5ce1 f ! *ief magi/rate 9 att5dance on ! spot2 or1 9 _! abs5ce1 f a memb] ( ! fire-eng9e committee1 & f no o!r p]son :atev]4 ,v4--,,firem54 ,! firem5 %all att5d at all times :5 requir$ by ! head eng9em5 or sup]9t5d5t1 z well z ^u ! days ( g5]al inspection4 ,!y %all keep _! eng9es 9 good ord] & condition1 & %all be equipp$ 9 _! uni=m at all times :5 call$ out4 ,!y %all obs]ve ! in/ructions ( no p]son :atev]1 except ^? ( ! sup]9t5d5t or head eng9em54 ,,vi4--,,high ,,con/ables ,,& ,,commission]s ,,( ,,police4 ,^u occasions ( fire1 ! mod]ator ( ! high con/ables %all call out ! high con/ables1 &1 if necess>y1 he %all also call out ! extra con/ables1 & give notice to call out ! con/ables ( _! di/ricts2 & x %all be ! duty ( ! con/ables to pres]ve ord] & to protect prop]ty1 to keep ! cr[d away f ! eng9es1 & ^? employ$ ab\t !m2 &1 :5 au?oriz$ by ! *ief magi/rate1 sup]9t5d5t ( eng9es1 or1 9 ! abs5ce ( a magi/rate1 by a memb] ( ! committee on fire-eng9es1 to provide m5 = work+ ! eng9es4 ,nei!r ! con/ables nor ! commission]s ( police %all assume any managem5t1 or give any directions :atsoev]1 except 9 abs5ce ( a magi/rate & ! sup]9t5d5t ( eng9es1 9 :i* case any memb] ( ! committee on fire-eng9es may give ord]s to ! head eng9em54 ,9 cases ( protract$ fire1 :5 extra m5 may be requir$ to relieve ! regul> e/abli%m5t1 x %all be ! duty ( ! high con/ables to collect ^? want$1 f among/ ! p]sons on ! /reet :o may be will+ to l5d _! assi/ance1 mu/]+ !m 9 su* p>ties z may be requir$1 tak+ a note ( _! names1 & furni%+ ea* individual ) a c]tificate or ticket1 ) :i* ! mod]ator ( ! high con/ables1 or *ief con/able at ! "t1 w be suppli$2 & no p]son %all receive any remun]ation = alleg$ assi/ance giv5 at a fire :o may n produce su* c]tificate or ticket4 ,! p>ty or p>ties s mu/]$ %all be plac$ & cont9ue "u ! c>e ( two high con/ables1 until requir$ = s]vice1 :5 !y %all be mov$ =w>d to ! eng9e4 ,! m5 reliev$ by ! p>ty s mov$ =w>d1 %all be tak5 *>ge ( by two high con/ables1 :o %all see !m prop]ly refre%$ & br\ght back )9 a reasonable "t1 s t ! m5 employ$ may ?us occasionally relieve ea* o!r )\t confusion1 & )\t be+ too mu* exhau/$4 ,,vii4--,,magi/rates1 c4 ,^u occasion ( fires1 ! magi/rates1 %]iff1 mod]ator ( ! high con/ables1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! wat] company1 ! manag]s ( ! diff]5t gas-light companies1 & ! fire-eng9e committee1 w give _! att5dance4 ,!y w assemble 9 su* h\se ne>e/ to ! place ( ! fire z c be procur$1 ( :i* notice %all be imm$iately giv5 to ! (fic] comm&+ ! police on ! spot4 ,! ord]s ( ! *ief magi/rate 9 att5dance %all be imm$iately obey$2 & no ord]1 except ^? issu$ by su* magi/rate1 & ! p>ticul> directions giv5 z to ! fire & eng9e dep>tm5t by ! ma/] ( eng9es1 or1 9 _! abs5ce1 by a memb] ( ! fire-eng9e committee on ! spot1 %all be at all att5d$ to4 ,! magi/rates & %]iff fur!r decl>e1 t all port]s hold+ badges %all be b\nd to give _! att5dance at fires :5 call$ ^u = t purpose4 ,,viii4--,,gas-,,light ,,companies4 ,! manag]s ( ! diff]5t gas-light companies1 on receiv+ notice ( a fire1 %all in/antly take measures = turn+ (f ! gas f all %ops & h\ses 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! fire4 ,,ix4--,,special ,,regulations ,,= ,,! ,,firem54 ,capta9s4--,on ! al>m ( fire be+ giv51 an eng9e mu/ be imm$iately despat*$ f ! ma9 (fice to :atev] di/rict ! fire may be 92 & ! capta9 9 ^: di/rict ! fire happ5s %all br+ 8 eng9e to ! spot z quickly z possible1 tak+ c>e t none ( ! app>atus is awant+4 ,on arriv+ at ! spot1 he mu/ take e means 9 8 p[] to supply 8 eng9e ) wat]1 b especially by a s]vice-pipe f a fire-cock1 if t be f\nd practicable4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 to place ! eng9e s t x may be 9 ! direction ( ! wat]1 ) suffici5t room on all sides to "w x1 b z little 9 ! way ( p]sons employ$ 9 c>ry+ out furniture1 c41 z possible4 ,he mu/ also exam9e ! fire :ile ! m5 are fix+ ! hose1 c41 t ! wat] may be direct$ ) ! be/ effect4 ,! capta9s %all be responsible = any misconduct ( _! m51 :5 !y fail to report su* misconduct to ! sup]9t5d5t4 ,! eng9es mu/ be at all times 9 good work+ ord]1 & ! capta9 %all report to ! sup]9t5d5t :5 any "p ( ! app>atus is 9 ne$ ( repair4 ,:5 ! fire is 9 ano!r di/rict1 ! capta9 ( ea* eng9e %all get 8 m5 & eng9e ready to proce$ at a mom5t's notice1 b mu/ n move f 8 eng9e-h\se till a special ord] arrives f a lieut5ant ( police or ! sup]9t5d5t ( brigade4 ,s]geants4--,! s]geant ( ea* eng9e w take ! comm& 9 abs5ce ( ! capta94 ,:5 ! capta9 is pres5t1 ! s]geant w give him all possible assi/ance 9 conduct+ ! eng9e to ! fire2 & x w !re be m p>ticul>ly ! s]geant's duty to see t ! eng9e is suppli$ ) wat]1 & t e man is at 8 prop] /ation1 & to rema9 ) 8 eng9e :ile on duty1 :e!r x is work+ or n1 unless he receives special ord]s to ! contr>y4 ,pione]s4--,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 & #d ( ea* eng9e w be consid]$ pione]s4 ,nos4 #a & #b w proce$ to ! fire imm$iately1 )\t go+ to _! eng9e-h\se1 9 ord] to prep>e = ! arrival ( ! fir/ eng9e1 by asc]ta9+ & cle>+ a prop] /ation = x1 & by mak+ ready ! mo/ available supplies ( wat]1 z also to exam9e ! /ate ( ! premises on fire & ! neighb\r+ ones1 s z to be able to give su* in=mation to ! capta9 on 8 arrival z may enable him to apply 8 =ce ) ! greate/ effect4 ,! pione]s w att5d p>ticul>ly to ! exclud+ ( air f ! p>ts on fire by e means 9 _! p[]1 & !y w asc]ta9 :e!r !re are any communications ) ! adjo9+ h\se by ! ro(1 gable1 or o!rwise4 ,:5 ! sev]al eng9es arrive1 ! pione]s w fall 9 ) _! own company1 & take _! f>!r ord]s f ! capta9 or s]geant4 ,firem54--,on ! al>m ( fire be+ giv51 ! :ole company belong+ to ea* eng9e 7,nos4 #a & #b except$7 %all assemble z spe$ily z possible at _! eng9e-h\se1 & act ) _s "u ! ord]s ( _! (fic]s 9 gett+ ev]y?+ ready = s]vice4 ,ea* man w get a ticket ) 8 own numb] & ! col\r ( 8 eng9e m>k$ ^u x2 & on all occasions :5 he comes on duty he w give ?is ticket into ! h&s ( a policeman1 :o w be appo9t$ by ! (fic] ( police on duty to collect !m at ea* eng9e-h\se1 & :o w accompany ! eng9e if x is ord]$ to ! fire4 ,if ! ticket be n giv5 91 z be=e provid$1 )9 half an h\r aft] ! al>m is giv5 at _! eng9e-h\se1 or at all ev5ts1 )9 half an h\r aft] ! arrival ( ! eng9e at ! fire1 ! default] w =feit ! all[ance = turn+ out1 & also ! fir/ h\r's pay4 ,if n giv5 9 )9 ! fir/ h\r1 he w =feit all claim to pay4 ,! sup]9t5d5t1 h[ev]1 may d away ! =feiture 9 any ( ^! cases1 on cause be+ %[n to 8 satisfaction4 ,on qu>t]-days & days ( ex]cise1 e man mu/ be ready equipp$ at ! appo9t$ h\r1 o!rwise he w =feit t day's pay1 or su* "p ( x z ! sup]9t5d5t may det]m9e4 ,any man de/roy+ 8 equipm5ts1 or we>+ !m :5 (f duty1 w be puni%$ by f9e or dismissal f ! s]vice1 z ! sup]9t5d5t may det]m9e4 ,c>eless conduct1 irregul> att5dance at ex]cise1 or disob$i5ce ( sup]ior (fic]s1 to be puni%$ z above-m5tion$4 ,! man :o arrives fir/ at ! eng9e-h\se to :i* he belongs1 prop]ly equipp$1 w receive ?ree %ill+s ov] & above ! pay = turn+ out4 ,! fir/ ( ! ,nos4 #a & #b :o arrives at ! fire1 prop]ly equipp$1 9 :atev] di/rict x may be1 w receive ?ree %ill+s ov] & above ! pay = turn+ out4 ,no pay w be all[$ = a false al>m1 unless ! same is giv5 by a policeman4 ,z no?+ is s hurtful to ! effici5cy ( an e/abli%m5t = ext+ui%+ fires z unnecess>y noise1 irregul>ity1 or insubord9ation1 x is enjo9$ on all to obs]ve quietness & regul>ity1 to execute readily :atev] ord]s !y may receive f _! (fic]s1 & to d no?+ )\t ord]s4 ,! fir/ eng9e & company :i* arrive at ! fire are n to be int]f]$ )1 nor _! supplies ( wat] div]t$ f !m by ^? com+ aft]w>ds1 unless by a di/9ct ord] f ! sup]9t5d5t1 or1 9 8 abs5ce1 f ! *ief magi/rate on ! spot4 ,! same rule w apply to ea* succe$+ eng9e :i* takes up a /ation4 ,! m5 mu/ be c>eful n to all[ _! att5tion to be di/ract$ f _! duty by li/5+ to directions f any p]sons except _! own (fic]s2 & !y w ref] e "o :o applies to !m = aid to ! sup]9t5d5t1 or to ! *ief magi/rate pres5t at ! "t4 ,all ! firem5 mu/ be p>ticul>ly c>eful to let ! policem5 on _! respective /ations "k :]e !y live1 & take notice :5 ! policeman is *ang$1 t !y may give ! new "o ! requisite in=mation4 ,! m5 are p>ticul>ly caution$ n to take spiritu\s liquors f any individual )\t ! special p]mission ( ! capta9 ( _! eng9e1 :o w see t e prop] & necess>y refre%m5t be af=d$ to !m2 & z intoxication ^u su* al>m+ occasions is n m]ely disreputable to ! corps1 b 9 ! highe/ degree dang]\s1 by r5d]+ ! m5 unfit = _! duty1 e appe>ance ( x w be mo/ rigidly m>k$2 & any man :o may be discov]$ 9 t /ate %all n only =feit 8 :ole all[ances = ! turn-out & duty p]=m$1 b w be =?) dismiss$ f ! corps4 ,all conc]n$ are /rictly enjo9$ to pres]ve _! pres5ce ( m9d1 n to lose temp]1 & ^u no occasion :atsoev] to give (f5ce to ! inhabitants by mak+ use ( uncivil language or behav+ rudely4 999999 ,e "o belong+ to ! e/abli%m5t w be furni%$ ) a pr9t$ copy ( ^! ,regulations1 :i* !y are enjo9$ c>efully to pres]ve & read ov] at lea/ once e week4 ,,means ,,( ,,escape ,,f ,,fire4 ,! foll[+ 0 writt5 9 ! ye> #ahcj1 & does n ref] to ,public ,fire-,escapes o!r ?an ^? t c be c>ri$ ) a ,fire-,eng9e4--,,editor4 ,:5 ! l[] floors ( a h\se are on fire1 & ! /airs or o!r ord9>y means ( retreat de/roy$1 ! simple/ & easie/ mode ( remov+ ! inhabitants f ! upp] floors1 is by a ladd] plac$ aga9/ ! wall4 ,9 ord] to be able at all times to c>ry ?is plan into effect1 ! p]son hav+ *>ge ( ! eng9es %\ld 7z f> z possible7 in=m himself :]e long ladd]s are to be _h1 & h[ !y c mo/ easily be remov$4 ,b if a ladd] ( suffici5t l5g? is n to be procur$1 or is at too great a di/ance to r5d] x safe to wait = x1 rec\rse mu/ imm$iately be _h to o!r means4 ,if x happ5s t ! w9d[s above are all inaccessible1 on acc\nt ( ! flames bur/+ ?r\gh ^? bel[1 ! firem5 %\ld imm$iately get on ! ro( 7by means ( ! adjo9+ h\ses17 & desc5d by ! hat*4 ,! hat*1 h[ev]1 be+ sometimes directly above ! /air1 is 9 t case v soon affect$ by ! fire & smoke4 ,if1 on approa*+1 x is f\nd to be s mu* s z to r5d] an entrance 9 t way impracticable1 ! firem5 %\ld in/antly break ?r\gh ! ro(1 &1 desc5d+ into ! upp] floors1 extricate ^? )94 ,if x %\ld happ51 h[ev]1 t ! p]sons 9 dang] are n 9 ! upp] floor1 & _c rea* x 9 consequ5ce ( ! /air be+ on fire1 ! firem5 %\ld cont9ue break+ ?r\gh floor aft] floor till !y rea* !m4 ,9 s desp]ate a case z ?is ! %ort] process may probably be to break ?r\gh ! p>ty-wall betwe5 ! h\se on fire & t adjo9+1 :5 !re is "o2 & :5 !re is no h\se imm$iately contigu\s1 ?r\gh ! gable1 tak+ c>e 9 ei!r case to break ?r\gh at ! back ( a closet1 press1 *imney1 or o!r recess1 :]e ! wall is ?9ne/4 ,if an op5+ has be5 made f ! adjo9+ h\se1 x %\ld imm$iately 7aft] hav+ s]v$ ! purpose = :i* x 0 made7 be built up ) brick or /one1 to prev5t ! fire spread+4 ,all ^! op]ations %\ld be p]=m$ by slat]s1 masons1 or h\se-c>p5t]s1 :o1 be+ bett] acqua9t$ ) su* "w1 are likely to execute x 9 a %ort] "t ?an o!rs--"t1 9 su* a case1 be+ ev]y?+1 z a few m9utes lo/ may co/ ! lives ( ! :ole p>ty4 ,x is n impossible1 h[ev]1 t circum/ances may occur to r5d] all or ei!r ( ^! plans impracticable2 9 t case1 "o or two ( ! l[] w9d[s mu/ be d>k5$1 & by ?is means access ga9$ to ! upp] ones4 ,! plan recomm5d$ by ! ,p>isian firem5 is1 = a man to wrap himself up 9 a wet blanket1 & ?us pass swiftly ?r\gh ! flames4 ,b ?is ef=t is only to be attempt$ :5 ! flames f a s+le door are to be pass$2 9 any o!r case ! /air w mo/ likely be 9 flames1 & impassable4 ,a simple means ( escape f fire is to h an iron r+ fa/5$ to ! w9d[ sill1 & inside ( ! room a cradle1 ) a coil ( rope atta*$ to x4 ,! rope is put ?r\gh ! r+1 & ! p]son wi%+ to escape gets into ! cradle1 & l[]s himself d[n by pass+ ! rope ?r\gh 8 h&s4 ,! great objection to ?is plan1 :i* is c]ta9ly v simple1 is ! difficulty1 or r impossibility1 ( p]suad+ p to provide !mselves ) ! necess>y mat]ials4 ,_m m51 too1 are incapable ( ! ex]tion ^u :i* ! :ole plan dep5ds2 & if m5 9 a /ate ( t]ror are unfit = su* a task1 :at is to become ( wom5 & *ildr58 ,any fire-escape1 to be g5]ally useful1 mu/1 9 ! fir/ place1 be capable ( be+ c>ri$ ab\t )\t encumb]+ ! fire-eng9e2 &1 9 ! next place1 mu/ be ( in/ant & simple application4 ,! means :i* appe> to me to possess ^! qualifications 9 ! highe/ degree1 is a comb9ation ( ! cradle plan1 ) ,capta9 ,manby's admirable inv5tion = sav+ %ipwreck$ seam54 ,! app>atus necess>y = ?is fire-escape is a *a9-ladd] eighty feet long1 a s+le *a9 or rope ( ! same l5g? z ! ladd]1 a canvas bag1 a /rong /eel cross-b[1 & a f9e cord ( ! v be/ workman%ip & mat]ials1 #acj feet long1 ) a lead bullet ( ?ree-ounce weight atta*$ to "o end1 & c>efully w\nd ^u a wood5 cone sev5 in*es high & sev5 in*es broad at ! base1 turn$ ) a spiral groove1 to prev5t ! cord slipp+ :5 w\nd ^u x1 also a small pulley ) a claw atta*$ to x1 & a cord reev$ ?r\gh x ( suffici5t /r5g? to be> ! weight ( ! ladd]4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! sides ( ! ladd] f collaps+1 ! /eps are made ( copp] or iron tube1 fa/5$ by a piece ( cord pass$ ?r\gh ! tube & into ! l9ks ( ! *a91 till ! tube is fill$4 ,! /eps ?us fa/5$ are ti$ to ! *a9 ) copp]-wire1 s t1 9 ! ev5t ( ! cord be+ de/roy$1 ! /eps w be reta9$ 9 _! places by ! wire4 ,! ladd] is provid$ ) two l>ge hooks at "o end1 = ! purpose ( fix+ x to a ro(1 w9d[-sill1 c4 ,! bag is ( canvas1 ?ree feet wide & f\r feet deep1 ) cords sew$ r\nd ! bottom1 & meet+ at ! top1 :]e !y are turn$ ov] an iron ?imble at ea* side ( ! m\? ( ! bag4 ,! /eel cross-b[ is ( ! ord9>y description1 ( suffici5t /r5g? to ?r[ ! lead bullet ) ! cord atta*$1 #abj feet high4 ,:5 ! h\se f :i* ! p]sons 9 dang] are to be extricat$ is s situat$ t ! firem5 c get to ! ro( by pass+ along ! tops ( ! adjo9+ h\ses1 !y w c>ry up ! *a9-ladd] ) !m1 & drop x ov] ! w9d[ :]e ! inmates %[ !mselves1 fa/5+ ! hooks at ! same "t securely 9 ! ro(4 ,! firem5 w desc5d by ! ladd] into ! w9d[1 & putt+ ! p]sons to be remov$ into ! bag1 l[] !m d[n into ! /reet by ! s+le *a94 ,if ! flames are issu+ f ! w9d[s bel[1 ! bag1 :5 fill$1 is easily drawn aside into ! w9d[ ( ! adjo9+ h\se1 by means ( a guy or guide-rope4 ,if ! h\se on fire /&s by itself1 or if access _c be _h to ! ro( by means ( ! adjo9+ h\ses1 ! lead bullet1 ) ! cord atta*$1 is ?r[n ov] ! h\se by means ( ! cross-b[2 to ?is cord a /rong] "o is atta*$1 & drawn ov] ! h\se by means ( ! =m]2 a s+le *a9 is !n atta*$1 & drawn ov] 9 l mann]2 & to ?is la/ is atta*$ ! *a9-ladd]1 :i*1 on be+ rais$ to ! ro(1 ! firem5 asc5d1 & proce$ z be=e direct$4 ,if ! h\se be s high t ! cord _c be ?r[n ov] f> en\gh to be tak5 hold ( by ^? on ! opposite side1 !n ! p]sons to be extricat$ mu/ take hold ( ! cord1 z x hangs pa/ ! w9d[ at :i* !y may h plac$ !mselves4 ,by means ( x !y draw up ! small pulley1 & hook x on ! w9d[-sill4 ,! *a9-ladd] is !n made fa/ to ! end ( ! cord1 & drawn up by ^? bel[4 ,:5 ! end ( ! *a9-ladd] comes 9 front ( ! w9d[1 ! p]sons inside fa/5 ! hooks ( ! ladd] on its sill1 or to ! po/ ( a b$1 ! b>s ( a grate1 or any?+ likely to af=d a suffici5t hold4 ,aft] hav+ asc]ta9$ t ! ladd] is prop]ly fix$1 ! firem5 w asc5d & proce$ z 9 ! =m] cases4 ,i mu/ "h rem>k1 t be=e ?is plan c be prop]ly put 9 execution1 ! firem5 mu/ be regul>ly tra9$ to ! ex]cise4 ,:5 ! firem5 "h are practis$ ) ! fire-escape1 ! man asc5d+ or desc5d+ has a /rong belt r\nd 8 middle1 to :i* ano!r *a9 is fa/5$1 & held by a man /ation$ at ! w9d[ = t purpose2 if any accid5t1 !re=e1 7 to occur ) ! *a9-ladd]1 ! man _c fall to ! gr\nd1 b w\ld be swung by ! *a9 atta*$ to ! belt r\nd 8 body4 ,! m5 are also frequ5tly practis$ 9 asc5d+ & desc5d+ by s+le *a9s4 ,! firem5 "h are v fond ( ! above ex]cise2 ! bagg+ ea* o!r seems to amuse !m exce$+ly4,i ,! la/ resort1 9 desp]ate cases1 is to leap f ! w9d[4 ,:5 ?is is to be attempt$1 mattresses1 b$s1 /raw1 or o!r s(t sub/ances1 %\ld be collect$ "u ! w9d[2 a piece ( c>pet or o!r /rong clo? %\ld be held up by t5 or twelve /\t m54 ,! p]son 9 ! w9d[ may !n leap1 z ne>ly z possible1 into ! c5tre ( ! clo?1 & if he has suffici5t resolution to take a fair leap1 he may escape ) comp>atively little injury4,j ,,fire-,,eng9es4 ,9 ! application ( manual p[] to ! work+ ( fire-eng9es1 ! pr9cipal object is1 to apply ! greate/ aggregate p[] to ! lighte/ & smalle/ ma*9e2 t is1 suppose two eng9es ( ! same size & weight1 ! "o ) space = #bj m5 to "w ?r[s #fj gallons p] m9ute2 & ! o!r1 ) space = #cj m51 ?r[s #hj gallons 9 ! same "t2 ! latt] w be ! mo/ useful eng9e1 al?\gh ea* man is n able to d s mu* "w z at ! =m]4 ,! reciprocat+ motion is g5]ally pref]r$ to ! rot>y = fire-eng9es4 ,indep5d5t ( its be+ ! mo/ advantage\s movem5t1 a great] numb] ( m5 c be employ$ at an eng9e ( ! same size & weight2 !re is less liability to accid5t ) p unacqua9t$ ) ! "w1 & su* z are q ignorant ( ei!r mode ( work+1 "w m freely at ! reciprocat+ ?an ! rot>y motion4 ,to ^! reasons may be add$1 ! great] simplicity ( ! ma*9]y4 ,v>i\s sizes ( eng9es1 ( diff]5t degrees ( /r5g? & weight1 h be5 tri$1 & x is f\nd t a fire-eng9e ) two cyl9d]s ( #g in*es diamet]1 & a /roke ( #h in*es1 c be made suffici5tly /rong at #ag-a_/b cwt4 ,if #d cwt4 be add$ = ! hose & tools1 x w be f\nd q z heavy z two fa/ horses c manage1 = a di/ance "u six miles1 ) five firem5 & a driv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,fire-,eng9e us$ by ! ,london ,fire ,brigade4 ,longitud9al section1--) ! ,lev]s turn$ up = travell+4 ,?is size ( eng9e has be5 adopt$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,admiralty & ! ,bo>d ( ,ordnance1 & its use is becom+ v g5]al4 ,:5 eng9es are made l>g]1 x is seldom t ! prop] proportions are pres]v$1 & !y are g5]ally work$ ) difficulty1 & soon fatigue ! m5 at ! lev]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,transv]se section4 ,:5 an eng9e is l>ge1 x n only requires a consid]able numb] ( m5 to "w x1 b x is n easily suppli$ ) wat]2 &1 above all1 x _c be mov$ ab\t ) t cel]ity on :i*1 9 a fire-eng9e e/abli%m5t1 ev]y?+ dep5ds4 ,:5 ! eng9e is br\ght into actual op]ation1 ! effect to be produc$ dep5ds less on ! quantity ( wat] ?r[n ?an ^u its be+ made actually to /rike ! burn+ mat]ials1 ! =ce ) :i* x does s1 & ! /ead9ess ) :i* ! eng9e is work$4 ,if ! wat] be /eadily direct$ ^u ! burn+ mat]ials1 ! effect ev5 ( a small quantity is a/oni%+4 ,:5 a l>ge eng9e is requir$ 9 ,london1 two ) #g-;in*es cyl9d]s are work$ toge!r by means ( a connect+ screw1 ?us mak+ a jet v ne>ly equal 7z #ih to #ajj7 to t ( an eng9e ) cyl9d]s #aj in*es diamet]4 ,x is also an advantage n unwor?y ( consid]ation1 t two #g-;in* eng9es may be _h ne>ly = ! price ( "o #aj-;in* "o2 s t if "o happ5s to be r5d]$ uns]viceable ! o!r may /ill be available4 ,! usual rate ( work+ an eng9e ( ! size describ$ is #dj /rokes ( ea* cyl9d] p] m9ute2 ?is gives #hh gallons4 ,! numb] ( m5 requir$ to keep /eadily at "w = ?ree or f\r h\rs is #bf2 upw>ds ( #cj m5 are sometimes put on :5 a great l5g? ( hose is necess>y4 ,! lev] is 9 ! proportion ( #d-a_/d to #a4 ,) #dj feet ( lea!r hose & a #g_/h in* jet1 ! pressure is #cj lb4 on ! squ>e in*2 ?is gives #aj4d lbs4 to ea* man to move a di/ance ( #bbf feet 9 "o m9ute4 ,! friction increases ! lab\r #b-a_/b p] c5t4 = e additional #dj feet ( hose1 :i* %[s ! necessity ( hav+ ! eng9e1 & ( c\rse ! supply ( wat]1 z close to ! fire z is consi/5t ) ! safety ( ! m5 at ! lev]s4 ,9 ord] t ! read] may h a di/9ct idea ( su* a fire-eng9e1 ,i %all "h endeav\r to give a description1 *iefly tak5 f ^? made by ,w4 ,j4 ,tilley1,k fire-eng9e mak]1 ,london4 ,! engrav+s 7figs4 #a & #b7 repres5t a fire-eng9e ( #g-;in* b>rels & #h-;in* /roke4,l ,! ci/]n m>k$ ,a is made ( mahogany or oak4 ,! upp] "w1 ,b1 & side-boxes or pockets1 ,c1 are ( ,baltic fir4 ,! sole1 ,d1 ^u :i* ! b>rels /&1 & :i* also conta9s ! valves1 is ( ca/-iron1 ) cov]s ( ! same mat]ial1 :i* are screw$ d[n1 & ! jo9ts made good ) lea!r or india-rubb]4 ,! pieces ,e1 at ea* end ( ! ca/-iron sole ,d1 are ( ca/ brass1 & screw$ to ! ca/-iron sole ,d1 ) a jo9t ! same z above4 ,9 "o ( ^! pieces is ! screw$ suction-cap ,f1 & to ! o!r is atta*$ ! air-vessel ,g1 made ( %eet-copp]1 & atta*$ to ! piece ,e by a screw4 ,! exit-pipe ,h is atta*$ to ! "u side ( ! ca/+ ,e by a swivel4 ,! valves at ,i are ( brass1 gr\nd s z to be completely wat]-tight4 ,! b>rels ,k are ( ca/ brass4 ,! eng9e is set on f\r gras%opp] spr+s ,m4 ,! %afts or h&les ,o1 ( ! lev]s ,p1 are ( lancewood4 ,! box ,s1 "u ! driv+ seat1 is us$ = keep+ wr5*es1 cord1 c42 9 ! =e "p ( ! ci/]n ,a1 & ! box ,b above ! ci/]n1 ! hose is kept2 ! bran* & suction-pipes are c>ri$ 9 ! side-boxes or pockets ,c2 ! re/ ( ! tools & mat]ials are kept along ) ! above-m5tion$ articles1 9 su* situations z n to int]f]e ) ! work+ ( ! eng9e4 ,! ci/]n is made ( oak or mahogany1 = /r5g? & durability2 b1 = ! sake ( lightness1 ! upp] "w & side-boxes are made ( ,baltic fir1 /r5g? 9 !m be+ ( less importance4 ,z ! valve _c be made )\t a rise = ! lid to /rike aga9/1 !re is a small /ep at ea* ( ! valves1 & ! sole is c>ri$ ?r\gh z high z ?is /ep1 to admit ( ! wat] runn+ (f :5 ! eng9e is done work+4 ,if con/ruct$ 9 a diff]5t mann]1 ! wat] w lodge 9 ! bottom1 & produce mu* inconv5i5ce 9 situations :]e ! eng9e is expos$ to fro/4 ,! valve-cov]s are ( ca/-iron1 fa/5$ d[n ) copp] screws1 a piece ( lea!r or india-rubb] be+ plac$ betwe5 !m & ! upp] edges ( ! sole4 ,! pieces at ea* end ( ! sole are ( ca/-brass1 in/ead ( %eet-copp]1 ) s(t-sold] jo9ts1 :i* are v apt to give way4 ,! screw$ suction cap ) iron h&le admits ! wat] 9 two diff]5t directions1 accord+ z x is op5 or clos$3 ! "o to supply ! eng9e :5 wat] is drawn f ! ci/]n1 ! o!r = draw+ wat] ?r\gh ! suction-pipe4 ,! valves are brass plates1 truly gr\nd to fit ! circul> brass orifice on :i* !y fall4 ,! brass be+ well gr\nd1 no lea!r is us$ = ! purpose ( mak+ !m tight4 ,! long] !y are us$ ! bett] !y fit1 & by hav+ no lea!r ab\t !m !y are less liable to ! adhesion ( small /ones or gravel4 ,! :ole valve is put toge!r & !n key$ into a groove 9 ! sides & bottom ( ! sole1 left = t purpose4 ,! b>rels are ( ca/-brass1 ) a pi/on made ( two circul> pieces ( ! same metal1 ea* put into a /rong lea!r cup1 & bolt$ to ! o!r4 ,! bottoms ( ! cups be+ toge!r1 :5 ! pi/on becomes loose 9 ! b>rels1 & !re is n suffici5t "t to replace ! cups by new ones1 !y are easily tight5$ by putt+ a lay] ( hemp r\nd ! pi/on betwe5 ! lea!r & ! brass4 ,?is op]ation1 h[ev]1 requires to be c>efully p]=m$2 = if m hemp is put into "o "p ?an ano!r x is apt to injure ! b>rels4 ,! b>rels are fix$ to ! ca/-iron sole by copp] screws1 a little r$ lead be+ plac$ betwe5 ! bottom flange ( ! b>rel & ! sole4 ,:5 ! eng9e is likely to be dragg$ ov] r\gh roads or causeways1 x is ( importance to h x set on spr+s1 to prev5t ! jolt+ f affect+ ! work+ "p ( ! eng9e1 ev]y?+ dep5d+ on t be+ "r4 ,! eng9es us$ 9 ,p>is are m\nt$ on two :eels1 ! c>riage & ! eng9e be+ sep>ate1 ! latt] be+ dism\nt$ f ! =m] be=e x c be us$4 ,9 ,p>is1 :]e ! eng9es are manag$ by a corps ( regul>ly-tra9$ firem51 ?is may answ] well en\gh2 b if ha/ily or c>elessly dism\nt$ by unskilful p]sons1 ! eng9e may be s]i\sly damag$4 ,x is also wor?y ( rem>k1 t ! prop] quantity ( hose1 tools1 c41 c be m easily atta*$ to & c>ri$ on a f\r-:eel$ eng9e4 ,9 ord] t ! m5 may "w m easily at ! h&les1 & suff] less fatigue1 ! eng9e is n high] ?an to enable !m to h ! lev]s easily "u _! comm&4 ,! %afts ( ! lev]s are ( lancewood1 be+ be/ calculat$ to be> ! /ra9 to :i* !y are expos$ :5 ! eng9e is at "w1 & !y are made to fold up at ea* end = conv5i5ce 9 travell+4 ,! air-vessel %\ld be plac$ cle> ( any o!r "p ( ! eng9e1 except+ only ! po9t :]e x is atta*$4 ,! =e-c>riage ( ! eng9e is fitt$ ) a pole1 & is made to suit ! h>ness ( coa*-horses1 ^! be+1 9 l>ge t[ns1 m easily procur$ ?an o!r draught cattle2 ?is c be alt]$1 h[ev]1 to suit su* h>ness z c mo/ readily be obta9$4 ,:]e horses are seldom us$ to move ! eng9es1 a drag-h&le is atta*$1 by :i* "o or two m5 are able easily to direct ! progress ( ! eng9e4 ,two drag-ropes1 ea* tw5ty-five feet long1 ( ?ree-in* rope1 ) t5 loops to ea*1 are atta*$1 "o to ea* end ( ! spl9t]-b>1 by means ( :i* ! eng9es are dragg$2 & to prev5t ! loops collaps+ on ! h&1 !y are p>tly l9$ ) %eet-copp]4 ,! :ole ( ! brass "w ( an eng9e %\ld be ( ! be/ gun-metal1 compos$ ( copp] & t9 only4 ,yell[ brass %\ld nev] be us$2 ev5 at fir/ x is f> inf]ior to gun-metal1 & aft] be+ us$ = "s "t x gets brittle4 ,! :ole ( ! mat]ials us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( a fire-eng9e %\ld be ( ! be/ description4 ,9 ,london = "s ye>s pa/ a h&-pump has be5 c>ri$ ) ea* eng9e4 ,!y h be5 f\nd ( ! greate/ s]vice 9 keep+ doors1 w9d[s1 c41 cool4 ,!y ?r[ f six to eight gallons p] m9ute1 to a height ( f ?irty to =ty feet1 & c be us$ 9 any position4 ,! idea ( ! h&-pumps ,i took f ! old-fa%ion$ squirt1 or h&-eng9e4 ,:5 fire-eng9es are uns]viceable x arises m frequ5tly f want ( c>e 9 keep+ 9 ord] ?an f any damage !y may h receiv$ 9 actual s]vice or by ! we>+ out ( ! mat]ials2 s x is q pla9 t ?is important "p ( ! duty has n g5]ally _h t degree ( att5tion paid to x :i* x des]ves4 ,al?\gh an eng9e 7 to be absolutely p]fect 9 its con/ruction1 if c>elessly ?r[n aside aft] be+ br\ght home f a fire1 & all[$ to rema9 9 t /ate till ! next occasion1 x w\ld be 9 va9 7especially 9 small t[ns1 :]e al>ms are r>e7 to expect to f9d x 9 a s]viceable condition2 "s ( ! p>ts mu/ h gr[n /iff1 & if br\ght into action 9 ?is /ate some?+ is likely to give way4 ,:5 an eng9e is br\ght back f a fire1 x ought to be imm$iately wa%$1 ! ci/]n clean$ out1 ! b>rels & j\rnals clean$ & fre% oil put on !m1 ! :eels greas$1 & e "p ( ! eng9e c>efully clean$ & exam9$1 & if any repairs are ne$$ !y %\ld be execut$ imm$iately4 ,:5 all ?is has be5 att5d$ to clean hose %\ld be put 91 & ! eng9e is aga9 fit = imm$iate s]vice4 ,besides ?is clean+ & exam9ation aft] use1 ! eng9e ought to be exam9$ & ! brass "p clean$ once a week1 & work$ ) wat] once a mon? :e!r x has be5 us$ or n4 ,9 addition to ! keep+ ( ! eng9e always 9 an effective /ate1 ?is att5tion has ! advantage ( rem9d+ ! m5 ( _! duty1 & mak+ !m famili> ) e "p ( ! me*anism ( ! eng9e2 ?us tea*+ !m effectually h[ ! eng9es ought to be protect$ :5 at "w1 by enabl+ !m to discov] ^? p>ts mo/ liable to be damag$1 & to :i* "p damage is ! mo/ dang]\s4 ,x is m tr\blesome g5]ally to get ! eng9es well kept :5 !re are no fires1 ?an :5 !re are _m4 ,b ! only effectual me?od ( induc+ ! m5 to keep !m 9 good ord]1 9 addition to ! moral /imulants ( c5sure & applause1 is to f9e ^? :o h ! *>ge ( !m = ! slighte/ neglect4 ,:5 ! eng9e has be5 prop]ly plac$1 be=e beg9n+ to "w ! =e-c>riage %\ld be lock$4 ,?is is done by putt+ an iron p9 ?r\gh a piece ( wood atta*$ to ! ci/]n1 into ! =e-c>riage4 ,?is prev5ts ! :eels f turn+ r\nd1 & com+ "u ! %afts1 by :i* ! latt] might be damag$1 & ! h&s ( ! m5 at "w injur$4 ,small /ones1 gravel1 & o!r ob/ructions1 sometimes f9d _! way into ! nozzle ( ! bran*-pipe1 f hav+ dropp$ into ! hose be=e be+ atta*$1 or hav+ be5 drawn ?r\gh ! suction-pipe or f ! ci/]n4 ,:5ev] ! eng9e is f\nd to "w /iffly1 x %\ld be /opp$ & exam9$1 o!rwise ! pressure may bur/ ! hose1 or damage "s "p ( ! eng9e4 ,if any?+ imp$es ! action ( ! valves ! pi/ons mu/ be drawn1 & if a p]son's h& be !n introduc$ !y may easily be cle>$--con/ant c>e & att5tion to all ! m9utiae ( ! eng9e & app>atus be+ absolutely indisp5sable1 if effective s]vice be expect$ f !m4 ,consid]able att5tion ought to be paid to ! select+ a prop] situation = an eng9e-h\se4 ,g5]ally speak+1 x ought to be c5tral1 & on ! highe/ gr\nd ( ! di/rict x is meant to protect1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 to obs]ve :5 any ( ! /reets lead+ f x are impassable4 ,if1 9 addition to ^! advantages1 ! eng9e-h\se c be _h adjo9+ to a police wat*-h\se1 x may be consid]$ ne>ly p]fect1 9 s f> z reg>ds situation4 ,^! advantages be+ all atta9$1 ! eng9e c be convey$ to any p>ticul> spot by a comp>atively small numb] ( m51 :ile ! vic9ity ( a police wat*-h\se af=ds a facility ( communicat+ ! al>m ( fire to ! firem5 n to be obta9$ o!rwise4 ,:5 ! eng9e-h\se is plac$ 9 a l[ situation ! m5 :o fir/ arrive mu/ wait till ! o!rs come =w>d to assi/ !m to drag ! eng9e up ! asc5t1 & _m m9utes mu/ ?us be lo/ at a "t :5 mom5ts are important4 ,aft] *oos+ a prop] situation = ! eng9e-h\se1 ! next c>e %\ld be direct$ t[>ds hav+ x prop]ly v5tilat$1 z no?+ contributes m to ! prop] keep+ ( ! eng9es & hose ?an fre% & dry air4 ,= ?is purpose a /ove %\ld be fitt$ up1 by :i* ! temp]ature may be kept equal4 ,:5 eng9es are expos$ to viol5t alt]nations ( heat & cold1 !y w be f\nd to op]ate v consid]ably on ! acc\nt = repairs1 besides occasion+ ! dang] ( ! eng9e be+ froz5 & uns]viceable :5 want$4 ,!re ought to be at lea/ half a doz5 keys = ea* eng9e-h\se1 :i* %\ld be kept by ! firem51 wat*m51 & ^? connect$ ) ! e/abli%m5t1 t ! necessity ( break+ op5 ! door may n occur4 ,,description ,,( ,,tools ,,) ,,:i* ,,ea* ,,eng9e ,,is ,,provid$4 ,hav+ consid]$ ! sort ( fire-eng9e :i* is be/ adapt$ = g5]al purposes1 ,i %all n[ notice ! diff]5t articles :i*1 9 ,london1 are always atta*$ to1 & accompany1 ea* eng9e ( ?is k9d3-- #g coils ( hose1 #dj feet ea*4 #d bundles ( %eepsk9 & lay-cord4 #d l5g?s ( suction-pipe1 ea* betwe5 #f & #g feet long4 #b bran* pipes4 #c jet pipes or nozzles & an elb[ = jet4 #c wr5*es = c\pl+-jo9ts4 #b lamps4 #b l5g?s ( scal+ ladd]4 #a fire-hook4 #fj feet ( pat5t l9e1 & #bj feet ( trace l9e4 #a mattock4 #a %ovel4 #a hat*et or pole-axe4 #a saw4 #a iron cr[-b>4 #a portable ci/]n4 #a flat suction /ra9]4 #a /&cock1 & hook = /reet plugs4 #a screw wr5*4 #a canvas %eet ) #aj or #ab rope h&les r\nd its edges4 #i canvas buckets4 #a h&-pump ) #aj feet ( hose & jet pipe4 ,( ^! articles ,i %all endeav\r to give a description z !y /& 9 ! above li/4 ,! article ( hose be+ fir/ 9 ord]1 z well z importance1 m]its p>ticul> att5tion4 ,! sort us$ is lea!r1 made ) copp] rivets1 & is by f> ! mo/ s]viceable & durable hose t ,i h yet se54 ,manufactur]s ( ?is article1 h[ev]1 = a v obvi\s reason1 are n always c>eful to select t "p ( ! hide :i*1 be+ firme/1 is be/ adapt$ = ! purpose4 ,inde$1 ,i h kn[n sev]al in/ances :]e9 ne>ly ! :ole hide has be5 cut up & made into hose1 )\t any selection :atev]4 ,! effect ( ?is is v prejudicial4 ,! loose p>ts ( ! hide soon /ret* & weak51 & :ile1 by /ret*+1 ! diamet] ( ! pipe is increas$1 ! pressure ( ! wat]1 9 consequ5ce1 becomes great] on t ?an on any o!r "p ( ! hose1 :i* is !reby r5d]$ m liable to give way at su* places4 ,hose are frequ5tly made n>r[ 9 ! middle1 &1 9 ord] to fit ! c\pl+-jo9ts1 wide at ! extremities--a practice :i* less5s _! capability ( convey+ a giv5 quantity ( wat]1 9 proportion to ! diff]5ce ( ! area ( ! section ( ! diamet]s at ! extremity & ! middle "p4 ,9 ord] to make !m fit ! c\pl+-jo9ts1 :5 c>elessly wid5$ too mu*1 ,i h frequ5tly se5 !m /uff$ up ) br[n pap]1 & 9 t case !y almo/ inv>iably give way1 ! folds ( ! pap] de/roy+ ! hold :i* ! lea!r w\ld o!rwise h ( ! ridges made on ! ends ( ! c\pl+-jo9ts4 ,9 ord] to avoid all ^! faults & defects1 ! rivet$ hose us$ are made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,! lea!r is n9e & five-eigh?s in*es broad 7t be+ ! bread? requir$ = c\pl+-jo9ts ( two & a half in*es diamet] ( cle> wat]-way71 & levell$ to ! prop] uni=m ?ickness4 ,! lea!r us$ is tak5 f hides ( ! v be/ description1 p]fectly free f fle%-cuts1 w>ble-holes1 or any o!r blemi%1 & /uff$ z high z possible4,m ,n m ?an f\r bread?s are tak5 f ea* hide1 & none ( ! s(t p>ts ab\t ! neck1 %\ld]s1 or belly are us$4 ,no piece ( lea!r is less ?an f\r feet long4 ,! lea!r is gaug$ to ! exact bread?1 & holes pun*$ 9 x = ! rivets4 ,9 ! op]ation ( pun*+1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 to make ! holes on ea* side ( ! lea!r exactly opposite to ea* o!r4 ,if ?is precaution be n att5d$ to1 ! seam :5 rivet$ takes a spiral direction on ! hose1 :i* ! heads ( ! rivets are v apt to cut at ! folds4 ,c>e mu/ also be tak5 t ! lea!r is equally /ret*$ on bo? sides1 o!rwise ! numb] ( holes on ! opposite sides may be unequal4 ,! ends are !n cut at an angle ( ?irty-sev5 degrees2 if cut at a great] angle1 ! cross-jo9t w be too %ort1 & if at a small]1 ! lea!r w be wa/$4 ,?is mu/1 h[ev]1 be regulat$ 9 "s degree by ! numb] ( holes 9 ! cross-jo9t1 z ! angle mu/ be alt]$ a little if ! holes at t "p d n fit exactly ) ! holes along ! side4 ,! diff]5t pieces ( lea!r necess>y to =m "o l5g?1 or =ty feet ( hose1 are rivet$ toge!r by ! ends4 ,/raps ( lea!r1 ?ree in*es broad1 are !n rivet$ across ! pipe1 t5 feet ap>t1 to =m loops = ! purpose ( h&+ or mak+ fa/ ! hose :5 full ( wat]4 ,! lea!r is !n laid along a b5*1 & a b> ( iron1 f eight to t5 feet long1 ?ree in*es broad1 & "o in* ?ick1 ) ! corn]s r\nd$ (f1 is laid above x4 ,! rivets are next put into ! holes on "o side ( ! lea!r1 along ! :ole l5g? ( ! iron b>4 ,! holes on ! o!r side are !n br\ght ov] !m1 & ! wa%]s put on ! po9ts ( ! rivets1 & /ruck d[n ) a holl[ pun*4 ,! po9ts ( ! rivets are !n rivet$ d[n ov] ! wa%]s1 & f9i%$ ) a sett+ pun*4 ,! b> ( iron is drawn along1 & ! same op]ation repeat$ till ! l5g? ( ! hose be f9i%$4 ,! rivets & wa%]s %\ld be made ( ! be/ wr\ght copp]1 & mu/ be well t9n$ be=e be+ us$4 ,"s objections h be5 made to rivet$ hose on acc\nt ( ! alleg$ difficulty ( repair+ !m2 b ?is is n s s]i\s a matt] z may at fir/ view appe>4 ,inde$1 !y v seldom require any repairs1 & :5 !y d1 ! process is n difficult4 ,if any ( ! rivets be damag$1 z _m mu/ be tak5 out z w make room = ! free admission ( ! h&4 ,a small flat m&rel be+ introduc$ into ! hose1 ! new rivets are put into ! lea!r1 & rivet$ up ! same z new pipe2 ! m&rel is !n %ak5 out at ! end4 ,if ! lea!r be damag$1 x may be repair$ ei!r by cutt+ out ! piece1 & mak+ a new jo9t1 or by rivet+ a piece ( lea!r ^u ! hole4 ,! mann] ( atta*+ ! hose to ! c\pl+-jo9t is also a matt] ( v consid]able importance4 ,if a jo9t come (f :5 ! eng9e is 9 op]ation1 a :ole l5g? ( hose is r5d]$ useless = ! "t1 & a consid]able delay incurr$ 9 gett+ x deta*$1 & ano!r sub/itut$4 ,to prev5t ?is1 ! hose ought to fit z tightly z possible to ! c\pl+-jo9t1 )\t any pack+4 ,9 rivet$ hose1 a piece ( lea!r1 ?9n$ d[n to ! prop] size1 %\ld be put on to make up ! void :i* ! ?ick edge ( ! lea!r next ! rivet necess>ily leaves2 ! hose %\ld !n be ti$ to ! c\pl+-jo9t z firmly z possible ) ! be/ anneal$ copp] wire1 ,no4 #af gauge4 ,:5 ! hose are completely f9i%$ 9 ?is mann] !y are prov$ by a prov+-pump1 & if !y /& a pressure ( two hundr$ feet ( wat] !y are consid]$ fit = s]vice4 ,i may also add1 t :5 any piece ( hose has be5 "u repair x is prov$ 9 ! same mann] be=e x is deem$ tru/wor?y4 ,! prov+ ( ! hose is ( v consid]able importance1 & ! me?od ( do+ s :i* ,i h m5tion$ is greatly sup]ior to ! old plan ( prov+ !m on an eng9e or fire-cock4 ,by ! latt] me?od1 no c]ta9 measure c be obta9$ by :i* ! pressure c be calculat$4 ,9 ! fir/ place x mu/ dep5d on ! relative height ( ! res]voir f :5ce ! wat] is obta9$ & t ( ! fire-cock :]e ! exp]im5t is made2 & z ! supply ( wat] drawn f ! pipes by ! inhabitants may be diff]5t on diff]5t days ( ! week & ev5 9 diff]5t h\rs ( ! day1 x is q evid5t t by ?is me?od no c]ta9 rule c be =m$ = ! purpose requir$1 ! pressure be+ affect$ by ! quantity ( wat] drawn at ! "t4 ,! me?od ( prov+ by an eng9e is consid]ably bett] ?an ?is2 b :5 a prov+-pump c be obta9$ x is inf9itely bett] ?an ei!r4 ,"o disadvantage ( an eng9e is1 t x requires a consid]able numb] ( m52 b ev5 ! pro(1 t ( ?r[+ ! wat] to a giv5 height on ! gable ( a h\se or o!r height1 is n always a te/ ( ! suffici5cy ( ! hose4 ,z ! temp]ature is l[ or high1 ! w9d fre% or light1 ! degree ( pressure on ! hose 9 ?r[+ ! wat] to ! requir$ height w be great] or less4 ,inde$1 9 high w9ds x is a matt] ( extreme difficulty to ?r[ ! wat] to any consid]able height4 ,) an eng9e ( #g-;in* b>rels & #g-;in* /roke1 fitt$ ) eighty feet ( #b-c_/h-;in* hose1 ,i h f\nd f sev]al exp]im5ts t :5 ! wat] is ?r[n sev5ty-five feet high1 ! pressure on ! hose is equal to "o hundr$ feet4 ,! same eng9e1 ) #afj feet ( hose1 & ! bran*-pipe rais$ fifty feet above ! level ( ! eng9e1 :5 ! wat] 0 ?r[n fifty-six feet f ! bran*1 occasion$ a pressure equal to #acj feet on ! hose4 ,f ^! exp]im5ts1 ,i am conv9c$ t ! pressure w n be equal to #bjj feet1 except 9 v extreme cases1 or :5 "s ob/acle gets into ! jet pipe4 ,i tri$ ! extreme /r5g? ( a piece ( rivet$ hose #d feet long & #b-c_/h in*es diamet]1 & f\nd t x did n bur/ till ! pressure increas$ to #ejj feet2 & :5 x gave way ! lea!r 0 fairly torn along ! rivet-holes4 ,e possible c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep ! hose s(t & pliable1 & to prev5t its be+ affect$ by mildew4 ,aft] be+ us$1 9 ord] to dry !m equally !y %\ld be hung up by ! c5tre1 ) ! two ends hang+ d[n1 until half dry4 ,!y %\ld !n be tak5 d[n & rubb$ ov] ) a composition ( bees'-wax1 tall[1 & neats-foot oil1,n & aga9 hung up to all[ ! grease to s9k into ! lea!r4 ,:5 ! hose appe> to be dry !y %\ld be a second "t rubb$ ) ! composition1 & !n coil$ up = use4 ,9 ord] t ! hose und]go+ ! op]ation ( greas+ may n be di/urb$ or us$ till 9 a fit /ate1 x is bett] to h a d\ble set1 & 9 ?is way1 :ile "o set is 9 grease ! o!r is 9 ! eng9e ready & fit = s]vice4 ,m "t c also be tak5 = any repairs :i* may be necess>y1 & !y w 9 consequ5ce be m c>efully done1 & at fires :]e a great l5g? ( hose is requir$ ! sp>e set w always be available4 ,:5 ! wea!r is damp1 & ! hose _c be dri$ s z to be fit = greas+ 9 two or ?ree days1 a /ove %\ld be put into ! room 9 ord] to facilitate ! process4 ,! greate/ c>e1 h[ev]1 mu/ be tak5 9 ! use ( artificial heat4 ,! :ole ap>tm5t %\ld be kept ( "o equal temp]ature1 :i* ought nev] to be high] ?an is requisite to dry ! hose = greas+ 9 ab\t =ty h\rs4 ,c\pl+-jo9ts4,o--,s mu* ( ! effici5cy & duration ( ! hose dep5d on ! prop] =m giv5 to ! brass c\pl+-jo9ts1 t ,i deem x useful to give a detail$ description1 bo? ( ^? g5]ally made use ( & ( ^? adopt$ by ! ,ed9burgh fire-e/abli%m5t1 & also to po9t out _! v>i\s defects & advantages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,old ,c\pl+ ,fig4 #c is ! con/ruction commonly made by eng9e-mak]s4 ,its defects are z foll[s3--,f ! =m ( ! furr[s & ridges :]e ! lea!r is ti$ x does n hold on well aga9/ a =ce t5d+ to pull ! hose (f end-ways2 screw-nails are !re=e (t5 employ$1 z at ,a1 to secure ! hose on ! brass4 ,! po9ts ( ^! nails always protrude m or less into ! inside ( ! jo9t1 & mat]ially imp$e ! curr5t ( wat]4 ,! m\?s ( ! jo9ts are also turn$ outw>ds1 & =m a %\ld]1 z at ,b4 ,! int5tion ( ?is is probably to assi/ 9 secur+ ! lea!r 9 its place1 & to prev5t ! lapp+ f slipp+4 ,! effects ( x are z foll[s3--,fir/1 f ! lea!r be+ /ra9$ ov] ?is projection1 x becomes liable to be cut by e accid5tal injury1 & v soon cracks & gives way1 :5 a portion mu/ be cut (f & a fre% fix+ made2 second1 ! lea!r be+ /ret*$ ov] ! projection1 does n fit ! o!r "p ( ! jo9t1 & mu/ be loose or fill$ up ) pieces ( lea!r1 or1 z is sometimes done1 ) br[n pap]2 ?ird1 ! irregul>ity ( ! calibre ( ! conduit :i* ?is %\ld] occasions dim9i%es ! p]=mance ( ! eng9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,new ,c\pl+ ,fig4 #d is ! c\pl+-jo9t adopt$ 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,! furr[s at ! ty+ place are %all[1 b _! edges pres5t a p[]ful ob/acle to ! slipp+ ( ! lea!r4 ,no screw-nails are employ$1 nor is !re any %\ld]1 z at ,b2 !re is !re=e no imp$im5t to or v>iation 9 ! velocity ( ! curr5t1 z ! calibres ( ! c\pl+ jo9ts & ( ! hose are s ne>ly uni=m4 ,x w be se5 also t z ! lapp+ projects above ! lea!r ?is latt] c nev] be injur$ by falls or rubb+ on ! gr\nd4 ,ano!r great advantage att5d+ ! jo9ts us$ "h is ! mann] 9 :i* _! screws are f9i%$4 ,on exam9+ ! figure m9utely1 x w be obs]v$ t ! male-screw ends 9 a cyl9d] ( ! diamet] ( ! bottom ( its ?read1 consequ5tly ( ! diamet] ( ! top ( ! ?read ( ! female-screw4 ,! effect ( ?is is1 t1 :5 ! screws are br\ght toge!r1 ! cyl9dric portion s]ves z a guide to ! ?reads1 & ! mo/ inexp]i5c$ p]son _c fail to make !m cat* fair at ! fir/ trial4 ,! advantage ( ?is 9 ! circum/ances att5d+ fires is obvi\s4 ,^! jo9ts1 al?\gh requir+ ?ree or f\r turns to close !m up1 yet z x is only ! r+ ,d :i* requires to be turn$1 x c easily be done ) ! h& alone )\t ! use ( wr5*es4 ,al?\gh1 :5 ! :ole l5g? ( hose has be5 jo9t$1 x may be z well to s5d a man ) a pair ( wr5*es to set ! jo9ts firm2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is by no means absolutely necess>y2 if ! jo9ts are kept 9 prop] ord] a man c secure !m suffici5tly ) ! h&4 ,!re is also a facility 9 tak+ turns out ( ! hose1 :i* no o!r b a swivel jo9t af=ds4 ,by slack5+ a s+le turn any twi/ may be tak5 out1 )\t undo+ ! jo9t or /opp+ ! eng9e1 :ile1 f ! numb] ( turns requir$ to close ! jo9ts1 !re is no *ance ( ! screw be+ by any accid5t undone4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! ?reads f be+ easily damag$1 !y %\ld be ( a pretty l>ge size1 n m ?an five or six to ! in*4 ,= ! same reason also ! ?read %\ld be a little r\nd$4 ,z x sometimes happ5s t ! screws are damag$ by fall+ on ! /reet1 or by heavy bodies /rik+ !m1 :5ev] ! hose h be5 us$ ! jo9ts %\ld be tri$ by a /eel gauge-screw1 to be kept = t purpose4 ,?is ought to be p>ticul>ly att5d$ to1 z1 on arriv+ at a fire1 x is r an awkw>d "t to discov] t a jo9t has be5 damag$1 :ile ! delay ?us occasion$ may be att5d$ ) v s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,f\r ,bundles ( ,%eepsk9 & ,lay-cord4--,^! are simply f\r or five /ripes ( %eepsk91 ea* ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es broad4 ,:5 a leak occurs 9 a l5g? ( hose :i* _c be easily replac$ at ! "t1 "o or m pieces ( %eepsk9 are wrapt tightly ov] ! leak & ti$ firmly ) a piece ( cord4 ,?is is b an indiff]5t me?od ( m5d+1 b ,i d n "k ( any o!r :i* c be s readily appli$ ) ! same effect4 ,if ano!r l5g? ( hose c be sub/itut$ = ! leaky "o x is bett] to d s2 b t is n always at h&1 nor does x always happ5 t "t c be sp>$ = ! purpose4 ,f\r ,l5g?s ( ,suction-pipe4--,^! are g5]ally made ( lea!r1 rivet$ tightly ov] a spiral worm ( hoop-iron1 ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* broad1 a piece ( t>r$ canvas be+ plac$ betwe5 ! worm & ! lea!r4 ,!y are usually made f six to eight feet long1 ) a copp] /ra9] screw$ on ! f>!r end1 to prev5t z mu* z possible any mud or dirt f gett+ into ! eng9e ) ! wat]4 ,x is ( advantage to c>ry f\r l5g?s ( suction-pipe1 z !y c be jo9$ to rea* ! wat]2 if "o is damag$ ! o!rs w /ill be s]viceable4 ,! suction-pipes are m tr\blesome to rivet ?an ! common hose1 & are done 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,aft] ! jo9ts are fix$ on ! spiral worm1 & x is cov]$ ) ! t>r$ canvas1 an iron m&rel long] ?an ! worm is put ?r\gh x1 ! edge be+ r\nd$ to ! circle ( ! inside ( ! worm4 ,! project+ ends ( ! m&rel are support$ to all[ ! worm to lie q cle>4 ,"o end ( ! m&rel has a *eck1 t ! brass jo9t may n prev5t ! worm f ly+ flat on ! m&rel4 ,! lea!r is !n put ov] ! worm1 & ! rivets be+ put into "o side1 a small ?9 m&rel is laid ov] ! canvas & ! rivets /ruck d[n ^u x4 ,if ! small m&rel be n us$ ! heads ( ! rivets are apt to lie unequally on ! worm4 ,?ree ,wr5*es = ,c\pl+-jo9ts4--,^! are = tight5+ ! c\pl+-jo9ts1 :5 t _c be suffici5tly done by h&4 ,:5 ! hose are all put toge!r a man is s5t along ! :ole l9e ) a pair ( wr5*es to tight5 su* ( ! c\pl+-jo9ts z require x4 ,! wr5*es are g5]ally made ) a hole to fit ! knob on ! c\pl+-jo9t1 &1 :5 us$1 are plac$1 "o on ! nob ( ! male & ano!r on ! nob ( ! female-screw1 s z to pull !m 9 opposite directions4 ,two ,bran* ,pipes4--,^! are tap] copp] tubes1 hav+ a female-screw at "o end to fit ! c\pl+-jo9ts ( ! hose1 & a male-screw at ! o!r to receive ! jet pipes1 "o is #d feet long to use f ! outside ( a h\se on fire1 ! o!r #ab in*es = inside "w4 ,?ree ,jet-pipes or nozzles ( v>i\s sizes made to screw on ! end ( ! bran* pipe4 ,a great _m diff]5t %apes ( jet h be5 tri$1 & t %[n 9 ,fig4 #e1 ,i f\nd to answ] be/ :5 tri$ ) o!r =ms4 ,! old jet 0 a cont9uation 9 a /raight l9e ( ! tap] ( ! bran*1 f ! size ( ! hose-screw1 to ! end ( ! jet-pipe2 ?is _h _m inconv5i5ces2 ! size ( ! jet c\ld n be increas$ )\t mak+ ! jet-pipe ne>ly p>allel4 ,z ! bran*es 7 sometimes #g feet or #h feet long1 9 "s in/ances ! orifice at ! end ( ! jet-pipe 0 l>g] ?an t at ! end ( ! bran*4 ,! pres5t =m ( ! jet completely obviates ?is difficulty1 z ! end ( ! bran* is always #a-a_/b in*es diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,! curve ( ! nozzle ( ! pres5t jet is det]m9$ by its own size2 five times "o-half ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! jet to be made & ! end ( ! bran*1 is set up on ea* side ( ! diamet] ( ! upp] end ( ! bran*1 a /raight l9e is !n drawn across1 & an arc ( a circle describ$ on ?is l9e1 f ! extremity ( ea* end ( ! diamet] ( ! jet1 until x meets ! top ( ! bran*2 ! jet is !n cont9u$ p>allel1 ! l5g? ( its own diamet]2 ! metal is cont9u$ "o-eigh? ( an in* above ?is1 to all[ ( a holl[ be+ turn$ out to protect ! edge3 ,! rule = det]m9+ ! size ( ! jet = inside "w is1 to make ! diamet] ( ! jet "o-eigh? ( an in* = e in* 9 ! diamet] ( ! cyl9d]1 = ea* #h in*es ( /roke4 ,! bran* us$ 9 ?is case is ! same size z %[n 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,:5 x is necess>y to ?r[ ! wat] to a great] height1 or di/ance1 a jet "o-sev5? less 9 area is us$1 ) a bran* f #d feet to #e feet long4 ,two ,l5g?s ( ,scal+ ,ladd]s4--,^! are #f-a_/b feet long1 & are fitt$ ) sockets s t any numb] up to #g or #h may be jo9$ toge!r to =m "o ladd] v>y+ 9 l5g? accord+ to circum/ances f #f-a_/b to upw>ds ( #dj feet4 ,"o ,fire-hook4--,?is is simil> to a common boat-hook1 ( su* l5g? z may be mo/ conv5i5t to /rap on ! h&les ( ! eng9e4 ,x is us$ = pull+ d[n ceil+s1 & tak+ out deaf5+-bo>ds :5 ! fire happ5s to be betwe5 ! ceil+ & ! floor above4 ,x is also us$ :5 a /rong door is to be brok5 op54 ,x is plac$ ) ! po9t ^u ! door1 "o or two m5 be>+ ^u x1 :ile ano!r /rik+ ! door1 ! :ole =ce ( ! bl[s is made to fall ^u ! lock or o!r fa/5+1 :i* g5]ally yields )\t mu* difficulty4 ,sixty ,feet ( ,pat5t ,l9e & ,tw5ty ,feet ( ,trace ,l9e4--,^! are g5]ally us$ = hoi/+ ! hose into ! w9d[s ( ! h\se1 9 :i* !re is a fire1 ! /airs be+ sometimes s cr[d$ ) p & furniture1 t x is difficult to =ce a passage1 & :5 ! pipe is laid 9 ! /air1 x is liable to be damag$ by p tread+ on x4 ,"o ,mattock & ,%ovel4--,^! are useful 9 damm+ any runn+ wat] or gutt]1 uncov]+ dra9s1 c41 f :i* ! eng9e may be suppli$ ) wat]4 ,! mattock %\ld be %ort & /rong1 & ! %ovel ( ! sort call$ diamond-po9t$4 ,"o ,hat*et4--,! mo/ s]viceable hat*et = a fire-eng9e1 is simil> to t us$ z a fell+ axe by wood-cutt]s4 ,! back "p is made l>ge t x may be conv5i5tly us$ z a hamm]4 ,"o ,saw4--,?is %\ld be a /\t cross-cut saw1 v widely set4 ,x is useful 9 cutt+ (f ! communication betwe5 "o h\se & ano!r1 :i*1 :5 wat] is sc>ce1 is sometimes necess>y4 ,"o ,iron ,cr[-b>4--,?is %\ld be ab\t two feet long4 ,x is us$ 9 op5+ doors1 break+ ?r\gh walls1 c4 ,"o ,portable ,ci/]n4,p--,?is is made ( canvas on a fold+ iron frame1 & is us$ 9 ,london plac$ ov] ! /reet-fire plugs1 a hole is left 9 ! bottom ?r\gh :i* ! wat] ent]s & fills ! ci/]n1 ! escape betwe5 ! canvas & ! plug box be+ trifl+4 ,two & sometimes ?ree eng9es are work$ by suction-pipe f "o plug 9 ?is mann]4 ,! portable ci/]n is also us$ :5 ! eng9e is suppli$ by suction1 f wat] convey$ 9 c>ts or buckets1 & is greatly pref]able to any plan ( empty+ ! wat] directly into ! eng9e4 ,by ?is latt] me?od !re is always a consid]able wa/e ( wat]1 aris+ bo? f ! height ( ! eng9e1 & ! work+ ( ! h&les2 &1 9 addition to ^! objections only "o p]son c p\r 9 wat] at a "t4 ,:5 ! wat] is p\r$ into ! eng9e f c>ts1 x mu/ /op work+ till ! c>t is empti$4 ,all ^! objections1 are 9 a great measure remov$ by plac+ ! portable ci/]n cle> ( ! eng9e2 :5 us$ 9 ?is mann] !re mu/ ( c\rse be no hole 9 ! bottom4 ,"o ,flat ,suction ,/ra9]1 made to screw on to ! suction pipe1 to prev5t any?+ be+ drawn 9 t w\ld n pass ?r\gh ! jet-pipe1 & made flat1 ) no holes 9 ! upp] surface1 = use 9 ! portable ci/]n4 ,"o ,/&cock1 ) /em to ins]t direct 9 ! fire-plug1 & us$ pr9cipally ) hose to ?r[ a jet = cool+ ru9s4 ,"o ,canvas ,%eet4--,?is1 :5 /ret*$ out & held securely by sev]al m51 may be jump$ into f ! w9d[ ( a h\se on fire ) comp>ative safety4 ,"o ,h&-pump1 z describ$ at page #acj1 & us$ ) ! canvas buckets4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,g3 ,! eng9es & _! crews are di/+ui%$ by ^! col\rs4 ,footnote ,h3 ,! hose are made up 9 flat coils1 ) ! male c\pl+-screw 9 ! c5tre1 & ! female on ! outside4 ,:5 a l5g? is to be laid out 9 any direction1 x is set on its edge1 & !n run out 9 ! requir$ direction1--9 ?is way no turns or twi/s c ev] occur4 ,:5 ! hose is to be tak5 up1 x is unc\pl$1 & !n w\nd up1 beg9n+ at ! end f>!/ f ! eng9e or f ! fire-cock 7z ! case may be73 by ?is me?od all ! wat] is press$ out4 ,footnote ,i3 ,9 practis+ ?is ex]cise ! m5 are 9 ! habit ( desc5d+ by ! *a9s f ! p>apet ( ! ,nor? ,bridge1 ,ed9burgh1 to ! gr\nd bel[3 a height ( #ge feet4 ,footnote ,j3 ,mr4 ,braidwood us$ canvas jump+ %eets on ?is pr9ciple ) h& holes = a doz5 m51 9 ! ord9>y s]vice ( ! ,london ,fire ,brigade4 ,footnote ,k3 ,n[ ,%&1 ,mason1 & ,co4 ,footnote ,l3 ,?is description applies to ! mo/ rec5tly con/ruct$ fire-eng9es belong+ to ! ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade4 ,footnote ,m3 ,/uff+1 a te*nical t]m ne$ by lea!r-dress]s or curri]s4 ,footnote ,n3 ,! proportions are1 #a gallon neats-foot oil1 #b lbs4 tall[1 #a_/d lb4 bees-wax1 melt$ toge!r1 & laid :ile w>m on ! lea!r4 ,footnote ,o3 ,?is description ( ! ,ed9burgh c\pl+-jo9ts 0 writt5 9 #ahcj1 & is ins]t$ "h to %[ h[ ! pres5t =m ( ! well-kn[n ,london ,brigade hose-c\pl+ 0 arriv$ at4 ,! int]nal diamet] 0 orig9ally #b-c_/h in*es1 b ,mr4 ,braidwood1 :5 9 ,london1 f\nd t he c\ld increase x to #b-a_/b in*es4 ,footnote ,p3 ,see engrav+ ( portable ci/]n1 page #aef4 ,,fire ,,annihilator ,) reg>d to ! ,fire ,annihilator1 ,i h se5 sev]al exp]im5ts ) ?is ma*9e1 & he>d ( m :i* 7 n successful2 & if an inv5tion fails :5 exp]im5ts are tri$1 x is op5 to ! impression t x might fail :5 br\ght into active op]ation4 ,!re h also be5 _m cases :]e ^! ma*9es h met ) accid5ts1 "o at ,drury ,lane ,!atre among/ ! numb]4 ,wat]1 prop]ly appli$1 w d :atev] ! ,annihilator c accompli%1 & also _m ?+s :i* ! latt] _c d4 ,z x is1 !re are "s =ty or fifty diff]5t articles to c>ry ) ea* fire-eng9e1 & to add to !m su* unwieldy ?+s z ,fire ,annihilators1 w\ld be to encumb] ! m5 m ?an !y are at pres5t1 ) a v d\btful prospect ( advantage4 ,,wat] ,,supply4 ,! supply ( wat] is ! mo/ vital "p ( any ex]tions t[>ds ext+ui%+ fire4 ,:]e ! pressure is suffici5t1 & ! ma9s l>ge en\gh1 by f> ! mo/ effici5t & economical mode ( us+ ! wat] is to atta* ! hose directly to ! ma9s4 ,9 ,london1 h[ev]1 ?is c r>ely be done1 = sev]al reasons4 ,! greate/ numb] ( plugs are on ! s]vice pipes1 t is1 ! pipes = supply+ wat] = dome/ic & o!r purposes1 :i* are only op5 a %ort "t e day4 ,if ! ci/]ns are ne>ly empty1 ! pressure _c be obta9$ till !y are fill$4 ,!n1 aga91 ! plugs be+ "s di/ance ap>t1 x is difficult to obta9 a suffici5t numb] ( jets4 ,b :5 ! plugs are full op5 #a-c_/d diamet]1 a suffici5t quantity ( wat] is obta9$ f ea* to supply ?ree eng9es1 ea* ( :i* w give a jet equal to ! plug if conf9$ to "o jet4 ,! pressure also 9 ! ma9s 9 ,london seldom exce$s #abj feet at ! utmo/4 ,= ^! reasons ! pressure f ! ma9s is seldom us$ till ! fire is *eck$1 :5 ! ru9s are cool$ by ! dummies1 z ! jets f ! ma9s are nam$ by ! firem54 ,if wat] c be obta9$ at an elevation1 pipes ) plugs or firecocks on !m1 are pref]able to any o!r mode at pres5t 9 use = ! supply ( fire-eng9es4 ,! size ( ! pipes w dep5d on ! di/ance & elevation ( ! head1 & also on ! size ( ! build+s to be protect$4 ,x may be assum$ z a g5]al rule1 t ! int5sity ( a fire dep5ds1 9 a great measure1 on ! cubic cont5t ( ! build+2 di/9ction be+ made z to ! nature & cont5ts ( su* build+4 ,if no natural elevation ( wat] c be made available1 & ! premises are ( mu* value1 x may be f\nd advisable to erect elevat$ tanks2 :]e ?is is done1 ! quantity ( wat] to be kept ready1 & ! rate at :i* x is deliv]$1 mu/ dep5d on ! means possess$ ( mak+ use ( ! wat]4 ,! av]age size ( fire-eng9es may be tak5 at two cyl9d]s ( #g in*es diamet]1 ) a l5g? ( /roke ( #h in*es1 mak+ =ty /rokes ea* p] m9ute4 ,?is siz$ eng9e w ?r[ #ada tons ( wat] 9 six h\rs1 & all[+ "o-f\r? = wa/e1 #agf tons w\ld be a fair provision 9 ! tanks = six h\rs' "w2 ?is quantity multipli$ by ! numb] ( eng9es )9 rea*1 w give an idea ( :at is likely to be requir$ at a l>ge fire4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !re are /eam-eng9es to keep up ! supply ?r\gh ! ma9s1 ! quantity ( wat] kept 9 read9ess may be r$uc$ to two h\rs' consumption1 z x is likely t ! /eam-eng9es w\ld be at "w be=e t quantity 0 exhau/$4 ,?is is :at may be suppos$ to be requir$1 9 cases ( s]i\s fires 9 docky>ds1 9 l>ge /acks ( w>eh\ses1 or 9 l>ge manufactories4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig #f4 ,op5+ = ,suction-pipe4 ,:]e wat] c be _h at ne>ly ! level ( ! premises1 su* z f riv]s1 canals1 c41 if x is n ?\ght prud5t to erect elevat$ tanks1 ! wat] may be conduct$ "u ! surface by l>ge ca/-iron pipes1 ) op5+s at su* di/ances z may seem advisable = introduc+ ! suction-pipes 7,fig4 #f74 ,?is plan %\ld n be adopt$ :]e ! level ( ! wat] is m ?an #ab feet bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 z al?\gh a fire-eng9e w1 if p]fectly tight1 draw f a mu* great] dep? ?an #ad feet 7#b feet be+ all[$ = ! height ( ! eng9e71 /ill a v trifl+ leakage w r5d] x useless = ! "t1 at su* a dep?4 ,! wor/ mode ( supply+ eng9es ) wat] is by cov]$ sunk tanks2 !y are g5]ally too small1 & unless v num]\s1 conf9e ! eng9es to "o or two p>ticul> spots1 oblig+ ! firem5 to increase ! l5g? ( ! hose :i* mat]ially dim9i%es ! effect ( ! fire-eng9e4 ,if ! tank is suppli$ by ma9s f a res]voir1 x w\ld be mu* bett] to save ! exp5se ( ! tank1 & to place plugs or firecocks on ! wat]-pipe4 ,ano!r evil 9 sunk tanks is1 t ! firem5 c seldom guess :at quantity ( wat] !y may dep5d ^u1 & !y may ?us be induc$ to attempt to /op a fire1 at a po9t !y w\ld n h ?\ght ( if !y _h kn[n correctly ! quantity ( wat] 9 /ore4 ,:]e sunk tanks are already con/ruct$1 !y may be r5d]$ m available by a p>tial use ( ! me?od %[n 9 ,fig4 #f4 ,memor&a ( ,exp]im5ts tri$ on ! ma9s & s]vice pipes ( ! ,s\?w>k ,wat] ,company1 betwe5 #d & #i ,a4,m4 ( ! #ca/ ,janu>y1 #ahdd4 ,! w9d bl[+ fre% f ,n4,n4,w4 ,! pressure at ! wat]-works at ,batt]sea 0 kept at #abj feet dur+ ! exp]im5ts1 & e s]vice pipe or o!r outlet 0 kept %ut4 #a/ ,exp]im5t4--,six /&cocks1 ) "o l5g? ( #b-a_/b in*es rivet$ lea!r hose #dj feet long1 & "o copp] bran* #d feet to #e feet long1 ) a jet #g_/h in* 9 diamet] on ea*1 7 plac$ 9 six plugs on a ma9 #g in*es diamet]1 9 ,union-/reet1 betwe5 ,high-,/reet1 ,bor\gh1 & ,gravel-lane1 ,s\?w>k1 at di/ances ( ab\t #abj y>ds ap>t4 ,! wat] 0 br\ght f ! head at ,batt]sea1 by #dbej y>ds ( iron pipes #bj in*es diamet]1 #eej y>ds ( #ae in*es diamet]1 & #ejj y>ds ( #i in*es diamet]4 #a/4 ,"o /&cock 0 op5$1 :i* gave a jet ( #ej feet 9 height1 & deliv]$ #ajj gallons p] m9ute4 ,) f\r l5g?s ( hose ! jet 0 #dj feet high1 & ! deliv]y #ib gallons p] m9ute4 ,:5 ! bran* & jet 7 tak5 (f ) "o l5g? ( hose ! deliv]y 0 #bfj gallons p] m9ute4 #bnd4 ,! second /&cock 0 !n op5$1 & ! jet f ! fir/ 0 #de feet high4 #crd4 ,! ?ird /&cock 0 op5$1 & ! jet f ! fir/ #dj feet high4 #d?4 ,! f\r? /&cock be+ op5$1 ! fir/ gave a jet ( #ce feet high4 #e?4 ,! fif? be+ op5$1 ! fir/ gave a jet ( #cj feet high4 #f?4 ,all ! six be+ op5$1 ! fir/ gave a jet ( #bg feet 9 height4 #bnd ,exp]im5t4--,six /&cocks 7 !n put into plugs1 on a ma9 #i in*es diamet] 9 ,tooley-,/reet1 ! extreme di/ance be+ #dej y>ds1 ) hose & jets z 9 ! fir/ exp]im5t4 ,! wat] 0 br\ght f ! head at ,batt]sea by #dbej y>ds ( iron pipes ( #bj in*es diamet]1 #ajjj y>ds ( #ae in*es diamet]1 #adjj y>ds ( #i in*es diamet]4 ,! wea!r 0 ne>ly ! same1 b ! place ( exp]im5t 0 m protect$ f ! w9d ?an 9 ,union-/reet4 #a/4 ,) "o /&cock op51 a jet #fj feet 9 height 0 produc$1 & #ajg gallons p] m9ute 7 deliv]$4 #bnd4 ,! second /&cock 0 !n op5$1 & ! diff]5ce 9 ! fir/ jet 0 b>ely p]ceptible4 #crd4 ,o!r two /&cocks be+ op5$1 ! fir/ jet 0 r$uc$ to #de feet 9 height1 & ! deliv]y to #ib gallons p] m9ute4 #d?4 ,all ! six /&cocks be+ op5$1 ! fir/ jet 0 fur!r r$uc$ to #dj feet high1 & ! deliv]y to #gf gallons p] m9ute4 #crd ,exp]im5t4--,two /&cocks1 ) hose1 c41 z 9 ! fir/ exp]im5t1 7 !n put into a s]vice-pipe1 #d in*es diamet] & #bjj y>ds long1 9 ,tooley-/reet1 ! s]vice-pipe 0 connect$ ) #bjj y>ds ( ma9 #e in*es diamet]1 bran*+ f ! ma9 ( #i in*es diamet]4 ,! wea!r 0 /ill ! same z at fir/1 b ! w9d did n appe> to affect ! jets1 ow+ to ! build+s all r\nd be+ s mu* high] ?an ! jet4 #a/4 ,! /&cock ne>e/ ! l>g] ma9 0 op5$1 & a jet ( #dj feet high 0 produc$1 deliv]+ #hb gallons p] m9ute4 #bnd4 ,bo? /&cocks be+ op5$1 ! fir/ gave a jet ( #ca feet1 & deliv]$ #fh gallons p] m9ute4 #crd4 ,! /&cock f>!/ f ! l>ge ma9 only be+ op5$1 gave a jet ( #cd feet1 & deliv]$ #gd gallons p] m9ute4 #d?4 ,bo? /&cocks be+ op5$1 ! f>!/ "o gave a jet ( #bc feet1 & deliv]$ #eh gallons p] m9ute4 ,:5 bo? ^! plugs 7 all[$ to fl[ freely )\t hose1 ! wat] f t ne>e/ ! l>ge ma91 rose ab\t #ah in*es1 & ! f>!r "o ab\t #a in* above ! plug-box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,common ,fire-plug4 ,^! & o!r exp]im5ts prove ! necessity ( plac+ ! plugs on ! ma9s1 & n on ! s]vice pipes1 :]e !re are ma9s 9 ! /reet4 ,! diff]5t modes ( obta9+ wat] f ! ma9s or pipes are %[n 9 ! accompany+ draw+s4 7,fig4 #g7 is a section ( a common plug :5 n 9 use4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,fire-plug ) canvas ci/]n4 7,fig4 #h7 is a section ( ! common plug1 ) a canvas dam or ci/]n ov] x1 z us$ 9 ,london4 ,! ci/]n is made ( ,no4 #a canvas1 #ae in*es deep1 ext5d$ at top & bottom by #e_/h-;in* r\nd iron frames1 a d\ble /ay is h+$ on ! top frame at ea* end4 ,:5 ! ci/]n is us$ ! top frame is lift$ up1 & ! /ays put into ! not*es1 9 two pieces ( hoop iron1 fix$ to ! bottom frame4 ,!re is a circul> op5+ #i in*es diamet] 9 ! canvas bottom1 two circul> r+s ( wa%-lea!r1 ab\t #b in*es broad1 are atta*$ to ! edges ( ! op5+ 9 ! canvas1 s z to contract x to #d in*es or #e in*es diamet]2 ! plug be+ op5$1 ! ci/]n is plac$ ov] x2 ! wa%-lea!r is press$ d[n to ! surface ( ! road by ! wat]1 & a tol]ably wat]-tight ci/]n1 ) ab\t #ab in*es or #ad in*es ( wat] 9 x1 is imm$iately obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,plug1 ) ,/&cock4 7,fig4 #i7 is a plug ) a /&cock 9 x1 to :i* hose may be atta*$4 7,fig4 #aj7 is a common s+le firecock ) a r\nd wat]-way #b-a_/b in*es diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,s+le ,firecock4 7,fig4 #aa7 is a d\ble firecock1 z laid d[n 9 ,h] ,maje/y's ,docky>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,d\ble ,firecock1 us$ at ! ,royal ,docky>ds4 ,x w be obs]v$1 t ! %ort piece ( pipe betwe5 ! ma9 & ?is firecock is n curv$ to ! curr5t ( ! wat]1 b m]ely op5$ a little2 ?is is done ) a view ( increas+ ! supply by /eam p[]1 & z ! /eam eng9es are1 9 mo/ cases1 situat$ 9 a diff]5t direction f ! tanks or res]voirs1 !re=e ! curve t w\ld h assi/$ ! curr5t 9 "o direction w\ld h ret>d$ x 9 ! o!r4 ,x has be5 object$ to ^! firecocks1 t ! op5+ does n run ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! key1 !re=e only "o side ( ! key cov]s ! op5+ 9 ! b>rel1 :ile 9 ! common firecock bo? sides are cov]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,d\ble ,firecock1 us$ at ! ,briti% ,museum4 7,fig4 #ab7 is a d\ble firecock1 z laid d[n at ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,?is has a v good deliv]y1 & is c]ta9 to be always tight1 if well made1 z ! pressure ( ! wat] =ces ! key into ! b>rel2 ?is also r5d]s ! cock some:at difficult to be op5$ & %ut1 if ! pressure be great2 b z a lev] ( any l5g? may be us$1 & ! key1 f its p]p5dicul> position1 may be loos5$ by a bl[1 ?is objection is 9 a great measure obviat$4 ,9 ,figs4 #aj & #aa ! op5+s 9 ! /reet are l>ge en\gh to admit ( ! lev]s = op5+ ! cock to be fix$1 t no mi/ake may occur f ! lev] be+ mislaid2 b ) ^? at ! ,briti% ,museum1 x 0 n ?\ght necess>y to h fix$ lev]s1 z a cr[-b>1 or any?+ t c\ld be introduc$ into ! eye ( ! spann]1 w\ld op5 !m4 ,! plug & firecock h bo? c]ta9 advantages & disadvantages1 :i* are n[ describ$4 ,! plug1 ) a canvas ci/]n1 is ! easie/ mode ( obta9+ wat]2 ! plug-box be+ only ! size ( a pav+-/one1 is no annoyance 9 ! /reet1 & ! wat] has only "o angle to turn be=e x is deliv]$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :]e ! supply ( wat] is limit$1 ! plugs give b little comm& ( x2 !re is1 h[ev]1 comp>atively v small loss at a l>ge fire 9 ,london f ?is cause1 z x is v seldom t all ! fire-eng9es c be suppli$ direct f ! plugs1 & ^? t arrive late mu/ pick up ! wa/e wat] z !y be/ c1 by us+ ano!r description ( canvas dam1 or op5+ ! /reet2 b 9 enclos$ premises1 especially :]e ! wat] is kept = ! purpose ( ext+ui%+ fires1 firecocks are mu* to be pref]r$4 ,x is v difficult to ins]t ! /&cock into a plug if !re is a consid]able =ce ( wat]1 & if ! pav+ has mov$1 x _c be done )\t rais+ ! plug-box2 b ?is is1 h[ev]1 ! easie/ mode ( us+ firecocks1 & :]e !re is a consid]able pressure ( wat]1 if ! wat*m5 or ! police are suppli$ ) a hose-reel & bran*-pipe1 !y c1 9 enclos$ premises1 direct a jet on ! fire :ile ! eng9es are be+ prep>$1 & if !y _c rea* ! fire1 !y w h wat] ready = ! eng9e :5 x arrives4 ,inclos$ premises are p>ticul>ly m5tion$1 because ! pr9cipal duty ( ! wat*m51 9 ^! cases1 is to gu>d aga9/ fire1 & _! o!r duties be+ comp>atively few1 ! m5 are n (t5 *ang$1 & !y c be in/ruct$ ?or\ghly 9 ! matt]4 ,) ! g5]al police ( ! metropolis x is q diff]5t1 _! duties are s num]\s & v>i$1 t to add t ( firem5 to !m w\ld only be to confuse !m4 ,firecocks1 if kept at #i in*es to #ab in*es bel[ ! surface1 are easily protect$ f fro/1 by /uff+ ! op5+ ) /raw4 ,! advantage :i* ! d\ble firecocks h ov] ! s+le ones1 is m]ely ! increas$ wat]-way1 z a firecock #c-a_/b in*es diamet] c\ld n be s easily op5$ or %ut1 z two cocks ( #b-a_/b in*es diamet]4 ,"o ( ! greate/ objections to firecocks1 is ! v l>ge op5+s requir$ 9 ! /reets1 ! fir/ co/ & ! repair ( :i* are bo? consid]able1 besides _! liability to accid5t4 ,to take !m to ! footpa?1 increases ! exp5ses & dim9i%es ! supply ( wat]1 z x is g5]ally done ) a small pipe1 & ! numb] ( angles is increas$4 ,9 "s in/ances1 :]e firecocks h be5 put d[n on "o side ( ! /reet1 no less ?an f\r "r angles h be5 made 9 ! c\rse ( ! wat]2 & if ! fire happ5s to be on ! opposite side ( ! /reet f ! firecock1 ! ?or\ghf>e mu/ be /opp$4 ,! exp5se also is no slight consid]ation1 = if laid along ) ! wat]-pipes1 ea* firecock1 if prop]ly laid1 & ! pit built r\nd ) cem5t1 w co/ eight or t5 times z mu* z a plug4 ,london is1 ^u ! :ole 7except 9 ! w>eh\se di/ricts71 fairly suppli$ ) wat] = ! av]age description ( fires1 t is1 :]e n m ?an five or six eng9es are requir$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is necess>y to "w t5 or twelve eng9es1 !re is v (t5 a defici5cy4 ,9 _m ( ! w>eh\se di/ricts ! supply is v limit$ inde$1 al?\gh x is !re t ! l>ge/ fires take place4 ,! wat] companies are g5]ally will+ to give any quantity ( wat]1 b !y object to lay d[n l>ge ma9s )\t any prospect ( remun]ation4 ,! w>eh\se keep]s decl9e to be at ! exp5se ( lay+ ! pipes1 & !re ! matt] seems to re/4 ,9 mo/ o!r places ( importance1 ! wat] is "u ! managem5t ( ! civic au?orities1 & !y1 ( c\rse1 endeav\r to obta9 a good supply ( wat] at fires 9 w>eh\se z well z 9 o!r di/ricts4 ,9 supply+ fire-eng9es ) wat] f firecocks1 "o or m l5g?s ( hose are screw$ on ! firecock2 ! extreme end be+ put into ! eng9e1 ! firecock is !n op5$ & ! wat] ru%es 94 ,:5 ! wat]-pipes are l>ge & ! pressure consid]able1 two or ev5 ?ree eng9es may be suppli$ f ! same firecock4 ,if ! firecocks are all at too great a di/ance f ! place on fire1 to be rea*$ by ! supply ( hose br\ght ) ! eng9e1 ! next res\rce is1 to op5 ! ne>e/ firecock above ! level ( ! place :]e ! wat] is requir$4 ,by cov]+ ! eyes ( dra9s1 & /opp+ up any cross-wat] *annels1 ! wat] may 9 ?is mann] be convey$ along ! /reet1 f a v consid]able di/ance4 ,f ! nature ( ! gr\nd x does n always happ5 t ! wat] w run directly f ! ne>e/ firecock1 to ! spot :]e x is requir$2 acclivities1 build+s1 & _m o!r causes1 may prev5t ?is2 b 9 "s ( ^! cases a few l5g?s ( ! hose1 atta*$ to ! firecock1 may convey ! wat] to a *annel :i* w conduct x to ! requir$ po9t4 ,^u ! arrival ( ! wat]1 x ought to be damm$ up1 & ! eng9e w lift x by suction out ( ! pool s =m$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 f ! nature ( ! gr\nd1 f ! want ( hose1 or f o!r causes1 x is f\nd impracticable to convey ! wat] by ei!r ( ! above me?ods1 ! next be/ is1 to conduct ! wat] 9 hose z f> z c be accompli%$1 & c>ry x ! rema9d] ( ! di/ance 9 c>ts1 buckets1 or :atev] else may be mo/ conv5i5t4 ,:5 c>ri$ 9 buckets x is ( advantage to =m a l9e ( m5 f ! wat] to ! eng9e1 ea* man cov]+ five or six feet ( gr\nd4 ,! buckets are !n h&$ f "o man to ano!r1 till !y rea* ! two or ?ree m5 :o are /ation$ r\nd ! suction-tub or fire-eng9e to receive !m4 ,! buckets :5 empti$ are return$ by a diff]5t l9e ( m5 7wom5 or boys7 /ation$ 9 ! same mann] z ! =m]4 ,if a suffici5t numb] ( h&s _c be _h to return ! buckets 9 ?is mann]1 any conv5i5t numb] may be employ$ to c>ry !m to ! firecock1 t !y may be aga9 fill$4 ,:5 a fire occurs :]e ! wat]-pipes are unprovid$ ) firecocks or plugs1 ! gr\nd %\ld be imm$iately op5$1 & ! wat]-pipe cut4 ,if x be ( ca/-iron1 a l>ge hamm] may effect ! purpose3 on ! wat]-pipe be+ brok51 ! suction-pipe ( ! eng9e is plac$ 9 ! op5+ s made4 ,if ! pipe be ( lead1 ! op5+ 9 ! /reet %\ld be made ( suffici5t l5g? to admit ( "o end ( x1 :5 cut1 be+ turn$ into ! eng9e4 ,if ! supply ( wat] by ?is means be s great z to occasion wa/e1 x may be regulat$ by ! ne>e/ /opcock on ! wat]-pipe1 by driv+ a wood5 plug into ! end ( a ca/-iron pipe1 or compress+ ! end ( a lead5 "o4 ,! next plan ,i %all notice ( supply+ fire-eng9es is f dra9s1 gutt]s1 c4 ,9 p>ticul> situations & wet wea!r consid]able supplies ( wat] f ^! & simil> s\rces may be obta9$4 ,9 ! gutt]s all t is requir$ is to dam !m up2 &1 if !re be no mat]ials at h& = ?is purpose1 ! causeway mu/ be dug up1 till !re is a suffici5t dep? ( wat] = ! suction-pipe ( ! eng9e4 ,:5 ! wat] is to be drawn f dra9s or common sew]s1 great c>e %\ld be tak5 n to damage !m f>!r ?an is absolutely necess>y4 ,if en\gh ( cov] be tak5 (f to all[ "o man to ent] easily1 x w be q suffici5t = all necess>y purposes4 ,:5 ! man inside ! dra9 or common sew] has collect$ a prop] supply ( wat] by damm+ up ! *annel1 ! suction-pipe %\ld be h&$ d[n to him1 & ! eng9e set to "w4 ,al?\gh x be true t f\l wat] qu5*es fire1 ,i w "h obs]ve1 t ! wat] f a common sew] %\ld nev] be us$1 except :5 x is impossible to procure x f a pur] s\rce4 ,= ! purpose ( procur+ wat] to ext+ui% a fire1 ,i _h at "o "t occasion to op5 a common sew]1 9 :i*1 ) ! usual impurities1 ! wa/e f a gas manufactory 0 int]mix$1 & ! /5* 9 ! premises :]e ! fire _h be5 ext+ui%$ by ?is wat]1 0 = "s "t aft] v disagreeable4 ,if ! wat] be obta9$ f a pond or riv] at a little di/ance1 "o eng9e may be /ation$ close to x1 & t eng9e made to pump ! wat] into ano!r at "w4 ,if ! wat] be convey$ 9 c>ts1 an eng9e may be kept at ! pond or riv] = ! purpose ( fill+ !m4 ,( c\rse ?is c only be done :]e !re is a prop] supply ( eng9es4 ,9 work+ f an op5 wat]1 su* z a gutt]1 dra91 riv]1 or pond1 x is prop]1 9 ord] to prev5t s& or gravel be+ drawn into ! eng9e1 to s9k an iron or wood5 bucket1 into :i* ! suction-pipe ( ! eng9e %\ld be plac$4 ,if no?+ bett] c be _h1 a good wick] basket w be f\nd useful4 ,x is ( great advantage to h a numb] ( c>ts1 ) butts ^u !m full ( wat]1 z x ensures a small supply to ! eng9es ! mom5t !y arrive at ! fire4 ,?is plan1 h[ev]1 entails a v consid]able exp5se1 z c>t]s mu/ be paid = tak+ !m out on e al>m1 besides giv+ prizes to ! own]s ( ! fir/ & second horses1 to ensure _! com+ 9 "t4 ,,app5dix4 ,! foll[+1 on ,/eam ,fire-eng9es & ! ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade1 is add$ z a supplem5t to ,mr4 ,braidwood's acc\nt ( ! ,london ,fire ,brigade1 & br+s ! in=mation ^u ^! subjects up to ! pres5t date 7,may1 #ahff73-- ,! /eam fire-eng9e 0 fir/ con/ruct$ 9 ,london1 9 #ahcj1 be=e ! =mation ( ! ,london ,fire ,brigade1 by ,brai?waite1 :o made sev]al eng9es1 & exhibit$ !m at v>i\s public trials1 also at sev]al fires1 b )\t be+ able to br+ !m into g5]al use4 ,! matt] rema9$ 9 abeyance till #aheb1 :5 ! ,london ,fire ,brigade caus$ _! l>ge h&-work$ float+ fire-eng9e to be alt]$ s z to be work$ by /eam4 ,?is eng9e hav+ be5 orig9ally made by ,tilley1 ( ,london1 ! alt]ations 7 entru/$ to ,%& & ,mason1 8 successors4 ,9 ! same ye> ! fir/ ,am]ican /eam fire-eng9e 0 con/ruct$ 9 ,new ,york4 ,9 #ahee ! ,london ,fire ,brigade1 /imulat$ by _! fir/ exp]im5t1 caus$ an entirely new self-propell+1 float+ /eam fire-eng9e to be con/ruct$4 ,! exp]i5ce ga9$ by _! fir/ attempt at /eam fire-eng9e mak+1 enabl$ ,%& & ,mason to compete successfully 9 ?is matt]1 z _! design 0 adopt$ aft] receiv+ ! approval ( ! late ,mr4 ,walk]1 ,eng9e]1 ( ,great ,george ,/reet1 ,london4 ,! re-introduction ( l& /eam fire-eng9es into ,london 0 accompli%$ by ,%& & ,mason1 :o1 9 #aheh1 con/ruct$ _! fir/2 ?is eng9e1 aft] sev]al public trials1 0 9 ! same ye> s5t to ,/4 ,pet]sburgh4 ,9 #ahei ! same firm con/ruct$ two l& /eam fire-eng9es1 :i* !y (f]$ to ! ,london ,fire ,brigade = hire or pur*ase1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> 7#ahfj7 ! ,fire ,brigade took "o on hire = "o ye>4 ,?is exp]im5t prov$ s successful1 t 9 #ahfa ! committee pur*as$1 f ,%& & ,mason1 ! f\r? /eam eng9e ( _! con/ruction4 ,?is1 ) "o ( ! two made 9 #ahei1 7 ! only l& /eam eng9es t 7 at "w at ! ,great ,tooley ,/reet ,fire ( #ahfa4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( #ahfb1 ,mr4 ,lee1 ( ! firm ( ,lee & ,l>n$1 ( ,new ,york1 br\ght ov] a l& /eam fire-eng9e to be plac$ 9 ! ,int]national ,exhibition4 ,?is 0 work$ 9 public at ,hodges' ,di/ill]y on ! #bd? ( ,m>* previ\s to ! op5+ ( ! ,exhibition4 ,%& & ,mason suppli$ ! ,london ,fire ,brigade 9 ,april1 #ahfb1 ) ! eigh? l& /eam fire-eng9e ( _! con/ruction4 ,messrs4 ,m]rywea!r & ,sons1 ( ,london1 plac$ _! fir/ l& /eam fire-eng9e 9 ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb1 b ?is1 l ! n9? by ,%& & ,mason1 0 n 9 "t = ! op5+1 & consequ5tly c\ld n compete = a prize m$al1 :i* 0 aw>d$ to ,lee & ,l>n$1 ( ,new ,york4 ,a public trial1 h[ev]1 took place be=e ! jury ( ! ,exhibition1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is an acc\nt extract$ v]batim f ! jurors' publi%$ reports3-- ,,int]national ,,exhibition1 #ahfb4 ,,special ,,jury ,,= ,,fire-,,eng9es4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,bateman1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,london2 ,civil ,eng9e]4 ,,capt4 ,,b5t1 ,london2 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,fire ,arrangem5ts 9 ! ,exhibition4 ,w4 ,m4 ,,br[n1 ,london2 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,we/m9/] ,fire ,brigade4 ,,e>l ,,( ,,cai?ness1 ,london4 ,j4 ,,hawk%aw1 ,london2 ,civil ,eng9e]4 ,c4 ,,j5ny1 ,au/ria2 ,c\ncillor ( ,m9es 9 ! ,imp]ial ,royal ,academy ( ,m9es at ,s*emnitz4 ,p4 ,,luuyt1 ,france2 ,eng9e] to ! ,imp]ial ,commission]s ( ,m9es4 ,j4 ,e4 ,mc,c,o,n,n,e,l,l1 ,wolv]ton2 late ,locomotive ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,london & ,nor? ,we/]n ,railway4 ,o4 ,,pihl1 ,norway2 ,civil ,eng9e]4 ,w4 ,m4 ,,rank9e1 ,glasg[2 ,pr(essor ( ,me*anics 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[4 ,,capt4 ,,%aw1 ,london2 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,london ,fire ,brigade4 ,,duke ,,( ,,su!rl&1 ,london4 ,f4 ,b4 ,,taylor1 ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,me*anical ,eng9e]4 ,h4 ,,?omas1 ,zollv]e92 ,manufactur]4 ,h4 ,,tresca1 ,france2 ,pr(essor ( ,me*anics1 ,presid5t ( ! ,fr5* ,in/itute ( ,civil ,eng9e]s4 ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,special ,,committee ,,( ,,class ,,viii4 ,,on ,,fire-,,eng9es4 ,aft] detail+ ! ,trials ( ,h&-work$ ,fire-,eng9es1 ! ,report /ates t1-- ,! ,committee next proce$$ to take ! necess>y /eps = try+ ! /eam fire-eng9es on ! #a/ ( ,july1 &1 z be=e1 invit$ ! eng9e build]s to a prelim9>y meet+1 t !y might receive full in=mation z to ! rules & regulations to be obs]v$4 ,9 compliance ) ?is invitation1 ! foll[+ eng9e-mak]s att5d$ a meet+ on ! #bh? ( ,june1 viz3-- ,mr4 ,lee1 ( ! firm ( ,lee & ,l>n$1 ,novelty ,iron-works1 ,new ,york4 ,messrs4 ,m]rywea!r & ,son4 ,messrs4 ,%& & ,mason4 ,mr4 ,lee decl9$ to produce 8 /eam fire-eng9e = trial1 alleg+ v>i\s reasons = s do+1 & ?\gh /rongly urg$1 p]si/$ 9 8 resolution1 & decl9$ ! conte/4 ,messrs4 ,m]rywea!r & ,son express$ !mselves ready to produce _! /eam fire-eng9e on ! appo9t$ day4 ,messrs4 ,%& & ,mason in=m$ ! ,committee t ! eng9e :i* !y _h int5d$ to "w w\ld n be ready ow+ to an accid5t1 b reque/$ p]mission to produce = trial two /eam-eng9es made by !m = ! ,london ,fire-,eng9e ,e/abli%m5t1 al?\gh !y 7 n 9 ! ,exhibition4 ,all ! arrangem5ts hav+ be5 made = try+ sev]al eng9es toge!r1 ! ,committee grant$ ?is reque/1 z o!rwise only "o eng9e w\ld h be5 pres5t1 & a complete table ( results c\ld !re=e n h be5 obta9$4 ,! ,committee assembl$ 9 ! appo9t$ place at eight o'clock on ! morn+ ( ! #a/ ( ,july1 & f\nd ?ree eng9es pres5t1 viz41 "o ( ,messrs4 ,m]rywea!r & ,son & two ( ,messrs4 ,%& & ,mason4 ,aft] ! ,committee _h exam9$ ! boil]s & ma*9]y g5]ally1 ! eng9e-mak]s fill$ _! respective boil]s ) cold wat] f ! riv]1 & fires hav+ be5 laid1 ! ?ree 7 light$ at ! same mom5t1 & ! mak]s 7 ord]$ to comm5ce work+ into a tank at sixty feet di/ance z soon z !y _h atta9$ a /eam pressure ( #ajj lbs4 to ! squ>e in*4 ,messrs4 ,m]rywea!r's eng9e atta9$ ! pressure nam$ 9 #ab m9utes #aj seconds1 ,messrs4 ,%& & ,mason's l>ge eng9e 9 #ah m9utes #cj seconds1 ! small eng9e 9 ab\t #cj m9utes1 "s mismanagem5t hav+ occurr$ :i* compell$ !m to draw ! fire 9 ! latt] & light x a second "t4 ,messrs4 ,m]rywea!r's eng9e comm5c$ work+ z arrang$ :5 ! /eam-gauge indicat$ a pressure ( #ajj lbs41 & 0 #b m9utes & #ej seconds at "w be=e wat] pass$ ?r\gh ! nose-pipe4 ,not)/&+ ?is v s]i\s defect1 ?is eng9e _h p\r$ #ejj gallons ( wat] into a tank #fj feet di/ant 9 #ag m9utes & #ae seconds f ! "t at :i* ! fire 0 light$4 ,aft] ! difficulty ( draw+ ! wat] _h be5 surm\nt$1 ?is eng9e work$ well1 & ?rew an admirable jet1 los+ #ae lbs4 /eam-pressure dur+ ! fir/ trial4 ,aft] ?ree trials ?is eng9e became disabl$2 x 01 h[ev]1 repair$ on ! gr\nd 9 ab\t an h\r & a half1 & resum$ "w at ! n9? trial1 cont9u+ to "w well until ! ?irte5?1 :5 x became aga9 disabl$1 & 0 )drawn by ! mak]1 to ! great regret ( ! ,committee1 :o 7 ?us left to cont9ue ! exp]im5ts ) only two eng9es1 bo? made by "o firm4 ,messrs4 ,%& & ,mason's l>ge eng9e 0 #ah m9utes #cj seconds gett+ up /eam to #ajj lbs41 & :5 />t$ drew wat] in/antly1 los+ dur+ ! fir/ trial #e lbs4 ( /eam-pressure4 ,?is eng9e 0 sev]ely te/$1 & work$ )\t accid5t ?r\gh\t ! day1 ! sev5te5? trial la/+ no less ?an #fc m9utes1 dur+ :i* ! /eam & wat] 7 bo? kept to a pressure ( #ij lbs4 on ! squ>e in* ?r\gh\t1 work+ ?r\gh a #a-c_/h in* nose-pipe4 ,at ! eighte5? & la/ trial ?is eng9e ?rew a good v]tical jet4 ,messrs4 ,%& & ,mason's small eng9e did n raise ! /eam to #ajj lbs4 9 less ?an #cj m9utes1 ow+1 ( c\rse1 p>tly to ! mismanagem5t already m5tion$1 & p>tly to ! nature ( ! boil] & fire-box1 :i*1 accord+ to ! mak]s' acc\nt1 are n adapt$ = rais+ /eam 9 ! %orte/ possible "t4 ,aft] ! eng9e got to "w ! /eam-pressure 0 well su/a9$1 & ! eng9e cont9u$ work+ ! entire day )\t accid5t1 conclud+ 9 ! ev5+ by ?r[+ a good v]tical jet4 ,dur+ ! "t occupi$ by ! trials ! direction ( ! w9d 0 ,w4,n4,w4 to ,w4 by ,n41 pressure #b-a_/b to #d-a_/b lbs4 on ! squ>e foot4 ,! b>omet] /ood at #bi4ig in*es4 ,summ>y4 ,on ! :ole ! ,committee f9d z foll[s3-- ,messrs4 ,m]rywea!r & ,son h produc$1 at a price ( #gjjl41 a /eam fire-eng9e1 weigh+1 accord+ to ! mak]s' acc\nt1 #fe cwt41 ) jets & lamps1 b )\t wat]1 coal1 suction-pipes1 hose1 or o!r ge>1 & capable1 if no accid5ts occur1 ( ?r[+ 9 an available /ream ! foll[+ av]age quantities ( wat] p] m9ute3-- ,di/ance4 ,angle4 ,quantity4 #fa feet4 #aj deg4 #bcj gallons4 #he #ba deg4 #abd ,messrs4 ,%& & ,mason h produc$ an eng9e1 at a co/ ( #fejl41 weigh+1 accord+ to _! /atem5t1 #ee cwt41 ) jets & lamps1 b )\t wat]1 coals1 suction-pipes1 hose1 or o!r ge>1 & capable ( ?r[+ 9 an available /ream ! foll[+ av]age quantities ( wat] p] m9ute3-- ,di/ance4 ,angle4 ,quantity4 #fa feet4 #aj deg4 #bej gallons4 #fc #ah deg4 #afe #hb #ad deg4 #agb #he #ba deg4 #acg #ajb #aa deg4 #id #ajd #ag deg4 #ai ,messrs4 ,%& & ,mason h also produc$1 at a price ( #cgjl41 an eng9e :i*1 "u ! same conditions1 weighs #ce cwt41 & is capable ( ?r[+ 9 an available /ream ! foll[+ av]age quantities p] m9ute3-- ,di/ance4 ,angle4 ,quantity4 #fa feet4 #aj deg4 #adb gallons4 #fc #ah deg4 #acc #hb #ad deg4 #ef #he #ba deg4 #bg ,! be/ p]=mance dur+ ! five trials f :i* ?is la/ av]age 0 tak5 be+ =ty-six gallons1 & ! l[e/ five gallons p] m9ute4 ,at great] di/ances1 9 consequ5ce ( ! w9d1 ?is eng9e c\ld n deliv] a /ream1 b cont9u$ work+ )\t accid5t ?r\gh\t ! day1 & conclud$ 9 ! ev5+ by ?r[+ a good v]tical jet4 ,,su!rl&1 ,,*airman4 ,e4 ,m4 ,,%aw1 ,,hon4 ,,sec4 99 99 99 99 99 ,%& & ,mason's t5? l& /eam fire-eng9e 0 suppli$ to ! ,london ,brigade 9 ,june1 #ahfb1 & _! twelf?1 9 ,febru>y1 #ahfc1 ^u ord]s giv5 on ! #d? ,janu>y1 #ahfb4 ,b z ! ,committee ( ! ,london ,fire ,brigade 7 n[ negotiat+ ) ,gov]nm5t to take ! duty ( ext+ui%+ fires (f _! h&s1 no ord]s = /eam-eng9es 7 giv5 out by !m aft] ! above date4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,/eam ,,fire-,,eng9e ,,competition1 ,,cry/al ,,palace1 ,,london1 #ahfc4 ,t[>ds ! close ( #ahfb1 sev]al eng9e]s & o!r g5tlem5 int]e/$ 9 ! improvem5t ( /eam fire-eng9es1 (f]$ prizes to be aw>d$ at competitive trials to take place 9 ,london4 ,! foll[+ is ! ,committee's publi%$ acc\nt ( ^! trials :i* 7 held 9 ! gr\nds ( ! ,cry/al ,palace ,company on ! #a/1 #bnd1 & #crd ,july1 #ahfc4 ,! ,committee consi/$ ( ! foll[+ g5tlem51 viz43-- ,*airman4 ,,8 ,,grace ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,su!rl&4 ,memb]s4 ,,! ,,"r ,,hon4 ,,! ,,e>l ,,( ,,cai?ness4 ,,"l ,,ri*>d ,,grosv5or1 ,m4,p4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,appold1 ,,esq4 ,j4 ,t4 ,,bateman1 ,,esq4 ,w4 ,m',,br[ne1 ,,esq4 ,t4 ,r4 ,,crampton1 ,,esq4 ,w4 ,m4 ,,crossl&1 ,,esq4 ,w4 ,,fairbairn1 ,,esq4 ,t4 ,,hawksley1 ,,esq4 ,j4 ,e4 ,mc,c,o,n,n,e,l,l1 ,,esq4 ,,h5ry ,,maudslay1 ,,esq4 ,j4 ,,ma!ws1 ,,esq4 ,j4 ,,nasmy?1 ,,esq4 ,j4 ,,p5n1 ,,esq4 ,,william ,,smi?1 ,,esq4 ,hon4 ,sec4 ,,capta9 ,e4 ,m4 ,,%aw4 ,! eng9es 7 divid$ into two classes1 ! l>ge class consi/+ ( ^? weigh+ ov] #cj cwts41 & n exce$+ #fj cwts4 & ! small class ( ^? n exce$+ #cj cwts4 ,! prizes (f]$ 7 #bejl4 = ! be/ eng9e1 & #ajjl4 = ! second be/1 9 ea* class4 ,! *ief po9ts to :i* ! ,committee direct$ _! att5tion1 9 addition to ! consid]ation ( co/ & weight1 7 ^? relat+ to ! g5]al effici5cy ( ! ma*9es z fire-eng9es1 comb9+ among o!r po9ts ( excell5ce-- ,rapidity 9 rais+ & g5]at+ /eam4 ,facility ( draw+ wat]4 ,volume ?r[n4 ,di/ance to :i* x c be project$ ) ! lea/ am\nt ( loss4 ,simplicity1 accessibility1 & durability ( p>ts4 ,,l>ge ,,class4 ,,fir/ ,,trial4 ,deliv]+ #ajjj gallons into a tank at a true di/ance ( #fg feet1 & #bg deg4 f ! horizon4 ,dep? f :i* wat] 0 drawn1 #d feet #f in*es4 ,! wat] 9 ! boil] be+ cold :5 ! signal 0 giv5 to comm5ce1 ea* eng9e comm5c+ to "w on atta9+ /eam pressure ( #ajjlb4 to ! squ>e in*4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,"t ( ,"t ( ,no4 ,,mak]4 ,weight4 rais+ fill+ ,total ,/eam to ,tank4 ,"t4 #ajjlbs4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,t4 c4 q4 lbs4 ' ' ' #a ,ea/on ,amos1 #b #ah #c #ab #ac #ad #f #af #ai #cj ,london #b ,m]rywea!r #b #ah #j #h #aj #be #i #db #bj #g ,son1 ,london #c ,%& ,mason1 #b #ag #a #j #aj #ea #ab #ai #bc #aj ,london #d ,butt & ,co41 #b #ad #j #d #af #cj #f #dh #bc #ah ,unit$ ,/ates #e ,rob]ts1 ,london #a #ai #a #d #aa #dj #bj #bd #cb #d ,ni*ols #b #aj #a #d ,did n "w4 7,manhattan7 ,unit$ ,/ates ,gray ,son1 #a #ah #a #d ,did n "w4 ,london ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,m]rywea!r ,,& ,,son began to "w at #ajj lbs41 fell directly to #dj lbs41 & cont9u$ s ?r\gh\t2 /opp$ & /eam rose to #acj lbs4 ,,%& ,,& ,,mason--,suction-pipe *ok$2 left (f work+ ab\t #b m9utes4 ,,second ,,trial4 ,deliv]+ #ajjj gallons into tank at same di/ance comm5c+ ) full /eam4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,/eam at ,/eam ,"t ( ,no4 ,,"n4 ,beg9n+4 dur+ fill+ ,"w4 ,tank4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ' #a ,%& ,mason #ajj #c #j #b ,butt ,co4 #ajj #c #c #c ,m]rywea!r ,son #ade #c #g #d ,rob]ts #hj #ab #cj ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,rob]ts did n fill ! tank4 ,,?ird ,,trial4 ,deliv]+ into l>ge tank at a horizontal di/ance ( #dj feet1 a v]tical height ( #dj feet1 a true di/ance ( #ef feet1 & at an angle ( #de degrees f ! horizon1 ! dep? f :i* wat] 0 drawn be+ #af feet #d in*es4 ,key3 ,a--,no4 ( ,deliv]ies ,op54 ,b--,l5g? ( ,hose4 ,c--,av]age ,/eam ,pressure4 ,d--,av]age ,wat] ,pressure4 ,e--,no4 ( ,gallons ,deliv]$4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,size ( ,"t ( ,no4 ,"n4 ,"t4 ,a ,b ,nozzle4 ,c ,d ,e ,rais+ ,/eam4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- hr4 m4 s4 #a ,m]rywea!r #a #bd #ee #b #ddj #a-a_/b #ia #hi #af1jhf #aj' #cb ,son to #hjlbs4 #b ,%& #b #j #j #b #ddj #a-a_/b #if #fb #ab1iag #aa' #ba ,mason #a-c_/h to #abjlbs4 #c ,rob]ts #b #j #j #a #dbj #a-a_/d #ge #ge #i1icf #aa' #bj to #hjlbs4 #d ,butt ,co4 #j #df #ej #b #ddj #a-a_/b #gh #gh #h1bhj #ad' #aj to #delbs4 #e ,ea/on #a #cb #ce #b #ddj #a-c_/h #ih #da #c1jcf #ab' #cj ,amos to #ijlbs4 #f ,ni*ols #j #d #ee #b #dbj #a-a_/b -- -- ,none4 #ac' #ji 7,manhattan7 to #delbs4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,m]rywea!r ,,& ,,son--,fire light$ at #d;h4 #am4 #ees42 gauge mov$ at #d;h4 #hm4 #bjs42 eng9e />t$ at #d;h4 #abm4 #bgs42 wat] drawn 9 ab\t #aj revolutions2 pumps n prim$1 valve box leak$ slightly1 & eng9e work$ satisfactorily 9 e respect4 ,,%& ,,& ,,mason--,fire light$ at #aa;h4 #bem4 #dfs42 gauge mov$ at #aa;h4 #cbm4 #ecs42 eng9e />t$ at #aa;h4 #cgm4 #gs42 pump prim$ at #aa;h4 #dem4 #dhs42 drew wat] at #aa;h4 #dgm42 wat] fir/ ?r\gh ! nozzle at #aa;h4 #dhm4 #eis42 9 hood at #aa;h4 #dim4 #ais42 %ift$ nozzle 7#c-a_/dm4 delay72 high w9d4 ,,rob]ts--,fire light$ at #aa;h4 #agm42 eng9e1 />t$ at #aa;h4 #bhm4 #bjs4 ,,butt ,,& ,,co4--,fire light$ at #e;h4 #eem4 #ajs42 />t$ eng9e at #f;h4 #im4 #bjs42 repeat$ly /opp$ f slide valves n act+1 & /opp$ entirely at #f;h4 #dfm41 f cyl9d] cov] break+4 ,,ea/on ,,& ,,amos--,fire light$ at #b;h4 #bm4 #ces42 gauge mov$ #b;h4 #ajm42 />t$ eng9e at #b;h4 #aem4 #es42 pumps prim$1 work$ till #b;h4 #edm4 #es42 /opp$ to %ift plung]s2 w5t to "w aga91 & /opp$ entirely at #c;h4 #cem4 #ajs41 f two fire b>s fall+ out4 ,,ni*ols 7,manhattan7--,fire light$ at #aj;h4 #eam4 #ads42 gauge mov$ at #aj;h4 #eim4 #bjs42 drew wat] directly2 /eam up to #adjlbs4 at #aa;h4 #hm4 #des42 /opp$ two m9utes2 />t$ aga92 made a few revolutions1 & fly-:eel broke4 ,,f\r? ,,trial ,v]tical ,jet aga9/ ,t[]4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,no4 ,"n4 ,size ,greate/ ,height ( ,jet4 ,?r[n4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- #a ,%& ,mason #bb_/af #ahj ft4 #b ,m]rywea!r ,son #bf_/af #ahj ft4 #c ,rob]ts #ad_/af #aej ft4 #d ,lee ,co #ba_/af #ee ft4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,,gray',s eng9e light$ fire at #g;h4 #gm4 #djs42 /eam #ilbs4 at #g;h4 #agm4 #js42 got to "w at #g;h4 #bcm4 #djs4 to bl[ fires2 at #g;h4 #bgm4 #js4 wat] ?r\gh hose4 ,ow+ to "s ( ! pipe connect$ ) ! /eam gauge break+1 no fur!r exp]im5ts c\ld be made4 ,,small ,,class4 ,,fir/ ,,trial4 ,deliv]+ #ajjj gallons into a tank at a true di/ance ( #ej;ft4 & #cg deg4 f ! horizon4 ,dep? f :i* wat] 0 drawn1 #d;ft4 #f;94 ,! wat] 9 ! boil]s be+ cold :5 ! signal 0 giv5 to comm5ce1 ea* eng9e comm5c+ to "w on atta9+ /eam pressure ( #ajjlbs4 to ! squ>e in*4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,"t ( ,"t ( ,no4 ,"n4 ,weight4 rais+ fill+ ,total ,/eam ,tank4 ,"t4 to #ajjlbs4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,t4 c4 q4 lbs4 ' ' ' #a ,%& ,mason #a #i #b #j #aa #cf #e #bd #ag #j #b ,lee ,co #a #aj #j #j #aa #ee #f #c #ag #eh #c ,m]rywea!r #a #aj #a #ab #ab #ae #i #ad #ba #bi ,son ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,ow+ to a brok5 bolt1 !re 0 great leakage 9 wat] cyl9d] ( ,lee & ,co's4 eng9e4 ,,second ,,trial4 ,deliv]+ #ajjj gallons into tank at same di/ance1 comm5c+ ) full /eam4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,/eam ,/eam ,"t ,no4 ,"n4 at dur+ fill+ ,beg9n+4 ,"w4 ,tank4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ' #a ,%& ,mason #he -- #e #di #b ,lee ,co4 #abe -- #e #ej #c ,m]rywea!r ,son #ajj -- #f #ag ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,! leakage 9 ,lee & ,co's4 eng9e 0 rem$i$4 ,,?ird ,,trial4 ,deliv]+ into l>ge tank1 comm5c+ ) ,full ,/eam4 ,at a horizontal di/ance ( #dj;ft41 a v]tical height ( #dj;ft41 a true di/ance ( #ef;ft41 & at an angle ( #de deg4 f ! horizon2 ! dep? f :i* wat] 0 drawn be+ #af;ft4 #d;94 ,key ,a--,numb] ( ,deliv]ies op54 ,b--,av]age ,/eam ,pressure4 ,c--,av]age ,wat] ,pressure4 ,d--,no4 ( ,gallons ,deliv]$4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,l5g? ,size ( ,"n4 ,no4 ,"t4 ,a ( ,nozzle4 ,b ,c ,d ,hose4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- h4 m4 s4 94 ,%& #a #a #j #j #a #dbj #a #adf #hj #hadb ,mason #a-a_/d ,m]rywea!r #b #a #j #j #a #dbj #g_/h #hf #de #dhhe ,son ,lee ,co4 #c #a #j #j #a #dbj #c_/d #hj #fj #dbgh ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,%& ,,& ,,mason--,/eam ready at #aej lbs42 />t$ at #g;h4 #cm4 #cbs42 /opp$ at #g;h4 #abm4 #es4 to put on an additional l5g? ( hose2 work$ well ?r\gh\t4 ,,m]rywea!r ,,& ,,son--,/eam ready at #aaj lbs42 comm5c$ "w at #c;h4 #dcm4 #cjs42 pumps prim$4 ,,lee ,,& ,,co4--,/eam ready1 />t$ at #b;h4 #am4 #js42 work$ well1 )\t any /oppage4 ,,aw>ds4 ,at a meet+ ( ! ,committee held on ! #h? ,july1 #ahfc1 8 ,grace ! ,duke ( ,su!rl& 9 ! ,*air1 ! foll[+ prizes 7 aw>d$3-- ,,l>ge ,,class4 ,messrs4 ,m]rywea!r ,sons1 #a/ ,prize1 #bejl4 ,messrs4 ,%& ,mason #bnd ,prize1 #ajjl4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,rob]ts1 highly comm5d$4 ,,small ,,class4 ,messrs4 ,%& ,mason #a/ ,prize1 #bejl4 ,messrs4 ,w4 ,lee ,co4 #bnd ,prize1 #ajjl4 7,sign$7 ,on behalf ( ! ,committee1 ,,su!rl&1 ,,*airman4 ,e4 ,m4 ,,%aw1 ,,hon4 ,,sec4 ,f ! above trials x 0 f\nd t ! fir/ prize l>ge-class eng9e weigh$ #fejd lbs41 & deliv]$ 9 "o h\r #aa1cff gallons1 be+ at ! rate ( #aif gallons = ea* hundr$-weight ( ! eng9e2 :ile ! fir/ prize small-class eng9e deliv]$ 9 ! same "t #hadb gallons1 or #bgf = ea* hundr$-weight ( ! eng9e1 %[+ t ! latt] eng9e deliv]$ ne>ly "o-half m wat] 9 proportion to its weight1 ?an 0 deliv]$ by ! l>ge "o1 ! conditions ( ! two trials be+ ! same4 ,z ! greate/ am\nt ( p[] 9 ! smalle/ possible bulk & weight1 0 consid]$ mo/ available = use at ,london fires1 ! ,committee ( ! ,london ,fire ,brigade1 al?\gh n 9 a position1 = ! reasons already /at$1 to pur*ase additional /eam fire-eng9es1 comm5c$ hir+ ,%&1 ,mason1 & ,co4's prize eng9es1 & at ! close ( #ahfe _h f\r su* 9 use 9 ?is mann]4 ,! ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade1 an ext5sion ( ! late ,london ,fire ,brigade1 has n[ 7,may1 #ahff7 ! foll[+ /eam fire-eng9es 9 use3--,! ,float+ ,/eam ,fire-eng9e1 by ,%& & ,mason1 9 #ahee2 a ,l& ,/eam ,fire-eng9e by ,ea/on & ,amos1 :i* 0 work$ at ! ,cry/al ,palace trials1 & is n[ us$ 9 a b>ge z a float+ eng9e2 "o by ,rob]ts1 :i* 0 also work$ at ! ,cry/al ,palace2 ?ree by ,m]rywea!r & ,sons2 & fifte5 ( ,%&1 ,mason1 & ,co4's ,l& ,/eam ,fire-eng9es4 ,,metropolitan ,,fire ,,brigade4 ,! disa/r\s results ( ! great fire at ,tooley-/reet1 9 #ahfa1 at :i* ,mr4 ,braidwood lo/ 8 life1 fully demon/rat$ ! inadequacy 79 m5 & appliances7 ( ! fire brigade support$ by ! insurance (fices1 & z ^! bodies decl9$ ext5d+ _! e/abli%m5t s z to meet ! wants ( ! :ole ( ! metropolis1 a ,p>liam5t>y inquiry 0 in/itut$1 :i* result$ 9 ! pass+ ( ! foll[+ ,act3-- ,,anno ,,vicesimo ,,octavo ,,vicesimo ,,nono ,,victoriae ,,reg9ae4 ,,cap4 ,,xc4 ,an ,act = ! ,e/abli%m5t ( a ,fire ,brigade )9 ! ,metropolis4 #e? ,july1 #ahfe4 ,,:]eas x is exp$i5t to make fur!r provision = ! protection ( life & prop]ty f fire )9 ! metropolis3 ,be x enact$ by ! ,que5's mo/ ,excell5t ,maje/y1 by & ) ! advice & cons5t ( ! ,lords ,spiritual & ,temporal1 & ,commons1 9 ?is pres5t ,p>liam5t assembl$1 & by ! au?ority ( ! same1 z foll[s3 ,prelim9>y4 #a4 ,?is ,act may be cit$ = all purposes z ! ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade ,act1 #ahfe4 #b4 ,= ! purposes ( ?is ,act ! ,metropolis %all mean ! ,city ( ,london & all o!r p>i%es & places = ! "t be+ )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,metropolitan ,bo>d ( ,works3 ,insurance ,company %all include any p]sons corporate or un9corporate1 or any p]son c>ry+ on ! bus9ess ( fire insurance4 #c4 ,! expression ,metropolis ,local ,managem5t ,acts %all mean ! ,acts foll[+2 t is to say1 ,! ,metropolis ,managem5t ,act1 #ahee1 ,! ,metropolis ,managem5t ,am5dm5t ,act1 #ahef1 & ,! ,metropolis ,managem5t ,am5dm5t ,act1 #ahfb4 ,e/abli%m5t & ,duties ( ,fire ,brigade4 #d4 ,on & aft] ! fir/ day ( ,janu>y "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & sixty-six ! duty ( ext+ui%+ fires & protect+ life & prop]ty 9 case ( fire %all )9 ! metropolis be deem$ = ! purposes ( ?is ,act to be entru/$ to ! ,metropolitan ,bo>d ( ,works2 & ) a view to ! p]=mance ( t duty x %all be lawful = !m to provide & ma9ta9 an effici5t =ce ( firem51 & to furni% !m ) all su* fire eng9es1 horses1 acc\trem5ts1 tools1 & implem5ts z may be necess>y = ! complete equipm5t ( ! =ce1 or conducive to ! effici5t p]=mance ( _! duties4 #e4 ,! said ,bo>d1 h]e9aft] ref]r$ to z ! ,bo>d1 may take on lease1 pur*ase1 or o!rwise acquire /ations = eng9es1 /ables1 h\ses = firem51 & su* o!r h\ses1 build+s1 or l& z !y may ?9k requisite = c>ry+ into effect ! purposes ( ?is ,act1 & may f "t to "t sell any prop]ty acquir$ by or ve/$ 9 !m = ! purposes ( ?is ,act3 ,! ,bo>d may also contract ) any company or p]sons au?oriz$ to e/abli% ! same = ! e/abli%m5t ( telegraphic communication betwe5 ! sev]al /ations 9 :i* _! fire eng9es or firem5 are plac$1 & betwe5 any ( su* /ations & o!r p>ts ( ! metropolis4 #f4 ,on & aft] ! said fir/ day ( ,janu>y "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & sixty-six1 all /ations1 fire-eng9es1 fire escapes1 plant1 & o!r prop]ty belong+ to or us$ by ! fire eng9e e/abli%m5t ( ! insurance companies 9 ! metropolis %all ve/ 9 or be convey$ or assign$ to ! ,bo>d = all ! e/ate & int]e/ ( ! said companies !re91 ^u tru/ to be appli$ by ! ,bo>d to ! purposes ( ?is ,act1 b subject to all legal liabilities & obligations atta*+ !reto1 includ+ ! paym5t ( all p5sions t h be5 grant$ to ! memb]s ( ! said ,fire ,eng9e ,e/abli%m5t1 accord+ to a li/ t has be5 furni%$ to ! *airman ( ! said ,bo>d by ! *ief (fic] ( ! said fire-eng9e e/abli%m5t1 & all tru/ees = ! same %all be indemnifi$ aga9/ su* liabilities & obligations4 ,! ,bo>d may also1 if !y ?9k fit1 pur*ase ! /ations1 fire-eng9es1 & plant belong+ to any p>i%1 place1 or body ( p]sons )9 _! jurisdiction4 #g4 ,! =ce ( firem5 e/abli%$ "u ?is ,act1 h]e9aft] call$ ! ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade1 %all be "u ! comm& ( an (fic]1 to be call$ ! *ief (fic] ( ! ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade4 ,! *ief (fic] & m5 compos+ ! said fire brigade %all be appo9t$ & remov$ at ! pleasure ( ! ,bo>d4 #h4 ,! ,bo>d %all pay su* sal>ies z !y ?9k exp$i5t to ! said fire brigade4 ,!y may also make su* regulations z !y ?9k fit ) respect to ! comp5sation to be made to !m 9 case ( accid5t1 or to _! wives or families 9 case ( _! dea?2 also ) respect to ! p5sions or all[ances to be paid to !m 9 case ( retirem5t2 also ) respect to ! gratuities to be paid to p]sons giv+ notices ( fires2 also ) respect to gratuities by way ( a gross sum or annual paym5t to be f "t to "t aw>d$ to any memb] ( ! said =ce1 or to any o!r p]son1 = extraord9>y s]vices p]=m$ 9 cases ( fire2 also ) respect to gratuities to turncocks belong+ to wat]works f :i* a supply ( wat] is quickly d]iv$4 #i4 ,! ,bo>d may by byelaws make regulations = ! tra9+1 discipl9e1 & good conduct ( ! m5 belong+ to ! said fire brigade1 = _! spe$y att5dance ) eng9es1 fire escapes1 & all necess>y implem5ts on ! occasion ( any al>m ( fire1 & g5]ally = ! ma9t5ance 9 a due /ate ( effici5cy ( ! said brigade1 & may annex to any brea* ( su* regulations p5alties n exce$+ 9 am\nt =ty %ill+s1 b no byelaw "u ?is section %all be ( any validity unless x is made & confirm$ 9 mann] direct$ by ! ,metropolis ,local ,managem5t ,acts2 & all ! provisions ( ! said ,acts relat+ to byelaws %all1 ) ! necess>y v>iations1 apply to any byelaws made 9 pursuance ( ?is ,act4 #aj4 ,! ve/ry ( any p>i% or place 9 ! metropolis may all[ su* comp5sation z !y ?9k j to any eng9e keep] or o!r p]son employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( fire eng9es :o has hi!rto be5 paid out ( any rate raiseable 9 su* p>i% or place1 & :o is depriv$ ( 8 employm5t by or 9 consequ5ce ( ! pass+ ( ?is ,act1 & any comp5sation s all[$ %all be paid out ( ! rate out ( :i* ! sal>y ( ! (fic] s comp5sat$ 0 payable4 #aa4 ,! ,bo>d may make su* arrangem5ts z !y ?9k fit z to e/abli%+ fire escapes ?r\gh\t ! metropolis4 ,!y may = t purpose contribute to ! funds ( ! ,royal ,society = ! ,protection ( ,life f ,fire1 or ( any exi/+ society t provides fire escapes1 or may pur*ase or take by agreem5t ! prop]ty ( any exi/+ society 9 _! /ations & fire escapes1 & g5]ally may ma9ta9 su* fire escapes & d su* ?+s z !y ?9k exp$i5t t[>ds aid+ p]sons to escape f fire2 & any exp5ses incurr$ by !m 9 pursuance ( ?is section %all be deem$ to be exp5ses incurr$ 9 c>ry+ into effect ?is ,act4 #ab4 ,on ! occasion ( a fire1 ! *ief or o!r (fic] 9 *>ge ( ! fire brigade may1 9 8 discretion1 take ! comm& ( any volunte] fire brigade or o!r p]sons :o volunt>ily place _! s]vices at 8 disposal1 & may remove1 or ord] any fireman to remove1 any p]sons :o int]f]e by _! pres5ce ) ! op]ations ( ! fire brigade1 & g5]ally he may take any measures t appe> exp$i5t = ! protection ( life & prop]ty1 ) p[] by himself or 8 m5 to break into or ?r\gh1 or take possession (1 or pull d[n any premises = ! purpose ( putt+ an end to a fire1 do+ z little damage z possible2 he may also on any su* occasion cause ! wat] to be %ut (f f ! ma9s & pipes ( any di/rict1 9 ord] to give a great] supply & pressure ( wat] 9 ! di/rict 9 :i* ! fire has occurr$2 & no wat] company %all be liable to any p5alty or claim by reason ( any int]ruption ( ! supply ( wat] occasion$ only by compliance ) ! provisions ( ?is section4 ,all police con/ables %all be au?oriz$ to aid ! fire brigade 9 ! execution ( _! duties4 ,!y may close any /reet 9 or ne> :i* a fire is burn+1 & !y may ( _! own motion1 or on ! reque/ ( ! *ief or o!r (fic] ( ! fire brigade1 remove any p]sons :o int]f]e by _! pres5ce ) ! op]ations ( ! fire brigade4 ,any damage occasion$ by ! fire brigade 9 ! due execution ( _! duties %all be deem$ to be damage by fire )9 ! mean+ ( any policy ( insurance aga9/ fire4 ,exp5ses4 #ac4 ,e insurance company t insures f fire any prop]ty 9 ! metropolis %all pay annually to ! ,metropolitan ,bo>d ( ,works1 by way ( contribution t[>d ! exp5ses ( c>ry+ ?is ,act into effect1 a sum aft] ! rate ( ?irty-five p\nds 9 ! "o million p\nds on ! gross am\nts insur$ by x1 except by way ( reassurance1 9 respect ( prop]ty 9 ! metropolis = a ye>1 & at a l rate = any fractional "p ( a million1 & = any fractional "p ( a ye> z well z = any numb] ( ye>s = :i* ! insurance may be made1 r5ew$1 or cont9u$4 ,! said paym5ts by insurance companies %all be made qu>t]ly 9 advance1 on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y1 #a/ ( ,april1 #a/ ( ,july1 & #a/ ( ,octob] 9 e ye>2 ! fir/ ( su* paym5ts to be made on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & sixty-six1 & su* fir/ paym5t & ! o!r paym5ts = ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & sixty-six to be bas$ ^u ! am\nts insur$ by ! sev]al companies 9 respect ( prop]ty 9 ! metropolis 9 ! ye> end+ ! tw5ty-f\r? ( ,decemb] "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & sixty-f\r3 provid$ t any insurance company :i* at ! "t ( ! pass+ ( ?is ,act contributes to ! exp5ses ( ! said fire eng9e e/abli%m5t may1 9 respect ( all paym5ts to be made by x 9 ! ye>s "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & sixty-six & "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & sixty-sev51 b n aft]w>ds1 contribute aft] ! ye>ly rate ( ?irty-five p\nds 9 "o million p\nds ( ! bus9ess 9 respect ( :i* x contributes to ! said fire eng9e e/abli%m5t = ! pres5t ye>1 accord+ to a return :i* has be5 furni%$ to ! *airman ( ! said ,metropolitan ,bo>d1 in/ead ( 9 ! mann] 9 ?is ,act provid$4 #ad4 ,all contributions due f an insurance company to ! ,bo>d 9 pursuance ( ?is ,act %all be deem$ to be specialty debts due f ! company to ! ,bo>d1 & be recov]$ accord+ly4 #ae4 ,= ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ ! am\nt to be contribut$ by e su* insurance company z a=esaid1 e insurance company insur+ prop]ty f fire 9 ! metropolis %all1 on ! ?irtie? day ( ,decemb] "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & sixty-five1 ) respect to ! am\nts insur$ 9 ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & sixty-f\r1 & on ! #a/ ( ,june "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & sixty-six1 & on e succe$+ #a/ ( ,june1 or on su* o!r days z ! ,metropolitan ,bo>d ( ,works may appo9t1 make a return to ! said ,bo>d1 9 su* =m z !y may require1 ( ! gross am\nt insur$ by x 9 respect ( prop]ty 9 ! metropolis4 ,!re %all be annex$ to ! return s made a decl>ation made by ! secret>y or o!r (fic] p]=m+ ! duties ( secret>y ( ! company by :om x is made1 /at+ t he has exam9$ ! return ) ! books ( ! company1 & t to ! be/ ( 8 k1 in=mation1 & belief1 x conta9s a true & fai?ful acc\nt ( ! gross am\nt ( ! sums insur$ by ! company to :i* he belongs 9 respect ( prop]ty 9 ! metropolis4 ,! return made 9 ! ,june ( "o ye> %all n come into effect till ! #a/ ( ,janu>y ( ! succe$+ ye>1 & %all be ! basis ( ! contributions = t ye>4 #af4 ,if any insurance company makes default 9 mak+ su* returns to ! ,bo>d z are requir$ by ?is ,act1 x %all be liable to a p5alty n exce$+ five p\nds = e day dur+ :i* x is s 9 default4 #ag4 ,! secret>y or o!r (fic] hav+ ! cu/ody ( ! books & pap]s ( any insurance company t is requir$ to pay a contribution to ! ,bo>d 9 pursuance ( ?is ,act %all all[ any (fic] appo9t$ by ! ,bo>d to inspect1 dur+ ! h\rs ( bus9ess1 any books & pap]s t w enable him to asc]ta9 ! am\nt ( prop]ty insur$ by su* company 9 ! metropolis1 & ! am\nt = :i* x is insur$1 & to make extracts f su* books or pap]s2 & any secret>y or o!r su* (fic] z a=esaid ( a company fail+ to comply ) ! requisitions ( ?is section 9 respect ( su* inspections & extracts %all be liable on summ>y conviction to a p5alty n exce$+ five p\nds = ea* (f5ce4 #ah4 ,! ,commission]s ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,treasury %all pay or cause to be paid to ! ,bo>d by way ( contribution to ! exp5ses ( ma9ta9+ ! fire brigade su* sums z ,p>liam5t may f "t to "t grant = t purpose1 n exce$+ 9 any "o ye> ! sum ( t5 ?\s& p\nds4 #ai4 ,= ! purpose ( defray+ all exp5ses t may be incurr$ by ! ,bo>d 9 c>ry+ into effect ?is ,act :i* are n o!rwise provid$ =1 ! ,bo>d may f "t to "t issue _! precepts to ! ov]se]s ( ! poor ( e p>i% or place )9 ! metropolis1 requir+ ! ov]se]s to pay ov] ! am\nt m5tion$ 9 ! precepts to ! ,treasur] ( ! ,bo>d1 or into a bank to be nam$ 9 ! precepts1 )9 =ty days f ! deliv]y ( ! precept4 ,! ov]se]s %all comply ) ! requisitions ( any su* precept by pay+ ! sums m5tion$ out ( any monies 9 _! h&s applicable to ! relief ( ! poor1 or by levy+ ! am\nt requir$ z "p ( ! rate = ! relief ( ! poor1 b no contribution requir$ to be paid by any p>i% or place "u ?is section %all exce$ 9 ! :ole 9 any "o ye> ! rate ( "o halfp5ny 9 ! p\nd on ! full & fair annual value ( prop]ty rateable to ! relief ( ! poor )9 ! said p>i% or place1 su* full & fair annual value to be comput$ 9 all p>ts ( ! metropolis1 exclusive ( ! city ( ,london1 accord+ to ! la/ valuation = ! "t be+ act$ on 9 assess+ ! c\nty rate1 or1 :]e !re is no c\nty rate1 accord+ to a l e/imate or basis2 & no lib]ty1 prec9ct1 or place1 %all be exempt f ! rate leviable = ! purposes ( ?is ,act by reason ( its be+ extra-p>o*ial or o!rwise2 & 9 default ( prop] (fic]s 9 any lib]ty1 prec9ct1 or place1 to assess or levy ! said rate1 ! ,bo>d may appo9t su* (fic]s1 & add ! am\nt ( any exp5ses s incurr$ to ! am\nt to be rais$ by ! next succe$+ rate 9 su* lib]ty1 prec9ct1 or place4 ,ov]se]s %all1 = ! purposes ( levy+ any am\nt requir$ to be levi$ by !m "u ?is ,act1 h ! same p[]s & be subject to ! same obligations z 9 levy+ a rate = ! relief ( ! poor4 ,! ^w ,ov]se]s %all include any p]sons or bodies ( p]sons au?oriz$ or requir$ to make & collect or cause to be collect$ rates applicable to ! relief ( ! poor2 & su* p]sons or bodies %all pay to ! ,bo>d ! am\nt s m5tion$ 9 ! precept out ( ! said rates4 #bj4 ,9 case ! am\nt ord]$ by any su* precept z a=esaid to be paid by ! ov]se]s ( any p>i% or place be n paid 9 mann] direct$ by su* precept & )9 ! "t !re9 specifi$ = t purpose1 x %all be lawful = any ju/ice ( ! peace1 ^u ! compla9t by ! ,bo>d or by any p]son au?oriz$ by ! ,bo>d1 to issue 8 w>rant = levy+ ! am\nt or s mu* !re( z may be 9 arre> by di/ress & sale ( ! goods ( all or any ( ! said ov]se]s1 & 9 case ! goods ( all ! ov]se]s be n suffici5t to pay ! same1 ! arre>s !re( %all be add$ to ! am\nt ( ! next levy :i* is direct$ to be made 9 su* p>i% or place = ! purposes ( ?is ,act1 & %all be collect$ by ! l me?ods4 #ba4 ,! ,bo>d may1 ) ! cons5t ( ! ,commission]s ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,treasury1 borr[ any sum n exce$+ =ty ?\s& p\nds1 & apply ! same = ! purposes ( ?is ,act2 & all p[]s conta9$ 9 ! ,metropolis ,local ,managem5t ,acts au?oriz+ ! ,bo>d to borr[ money1 or any commission]s or p]sons to l5d money to ! ,bo>d1 & all o!r provisions z to ! mode ( borr[+1 ! repaym5t ( pr9cipal or int]e/1 or 9 anywise relat+ to borr[+ by ! ,bo>d1 %all be deem$ to apply & to ext5d to ?is ,act 9 ! same mann] z if ! monies borr[$ 9 pursuance ( ?is ,act 7 monies borr[$ = ! purpose ( defray+ ! exp5ses ( ! ,metropolis ,local ,managem5t ,acts1 or "o or m ( ^? acts4 ,! ,bo>d %all apply ! monies receiv$ by !m "u ?is ,act 9 liquidation ( ! pr9cipal & int]e/ ( ! monies s borr[$1 b no cr$itor %all be conc]n$ to see to su* application1 or be liable = any misapplication ( ! monies receiv$ or borr[$ by ! ,bo>d 9 pursuance ( ?is ,act4 ,,miscellane\s4 #bb4 ,:]e any *ief (fic]1 or o!r p]son :o has be5 employ$ by ! ,bo>d 9 any capacity "u ?is ,act1 & has be5 dis*>g$ !refrom1 cont9ues to occupy any h\se or build+ t may be provid$ = 8 use1 or any "p !re(1 aft] "o week's notice 9 writ+ f ! ,bo>d to deliv] up possession !re(1 x %all be lawful = any police magi/rate1 on ! oa? ( "o witness1 /at+ su* notice to h be5 giv51 by w>rant "u 8 h& to ord] any con/able to ent] into ! h\se or build+ occupi$ by su* dis*>g$ *ief (fic] or o!r p]son z a=esaid1 & to remove him & 8 family & s]vants !refrom1 & aft]w>ds to deliv] ! possession !re( to ! ,bo>d1 z effectually1 to all int5ts & purposes1 z ! %]iff hav+ jurisdiction )9 ! place :]e su* h\se or build+ is situate might lawfully d by virtue ( a writ ( possession or a judgm5t at law4 #bc4 ,if ! *imney ( any h\se or o!r build+ )9 ! metropolis is on fire1 ! occupi] ( su* h\se or build+ %all be liable to a p5alty n exce$+ tw5ty %ill+s2 b if su* occupi] proves t he has incurr$ su* p5alty by reason ( ! neglect or wilful default ( any o!r p]son1 he may recov] summ>ily f su* p]son ! :ole or any "p ( ! p5alty he may h incurr$ z occupi]4 #bd4 ,all p5alties impos$ by ?is ,act1 or by any byelaw made 9 pursuance !re(1 & all exp5ses & o!r sums due to ! ,bo>d 9 pursuance ( ?is ,act1 9 respect ( :i* no mode ( recov]y is prescrib$1 may be recov]$ summ>ily be=e two ju/ices 9 mann] direct$ by ! ,act ( ! session hold5 9 ! elev5? & twelf? ye>s ( ! reign ( h] pres5t ,maje/y1 *apt] =ty-?ree1 or any ,act am5d+ ! same1 & :5 s recov]$ %all be paid to ! treasur] ( ! ,bo>d1 not)/&+ any police act or o!r act ( p>liam5t direct+ a diff]5t appropriation ( su* monies4 #be4 ,any dispute or o!r matt] :i* is by ?is ,act direct$ to be det]m9$ summ>ily by two ju/ices %all be deem$ to be a matt] 9 respect ( :i* a compla9t is made ^u :i* !y h au?ority by law to make an ord] = paym5t ( money )9 ! mean+ ( ! said ,act ( ! session hold5 9 ! elev5? & twelf? ye>s ( ! reign ( h] pres5t ,maje/y1 *apt] =ty-?ree1 or any ,act am5d+ ! same4 #bf4 ,any act1 p[]1 or jurisdiction h]eby au?oriz$ to be done or ex]cis$ by two ju/ices may be done or ex]cis$ by ! foll[+ magi/rates )9 _! respective jurisdictions2 t is to say1 by any metropolitan police magi/rate sitt+ alone at a police c\rt or o!r appo9t$ place1 or by ! ,"l ,mayor ( ! ,city ( ,london1 or any ald]man ( ! said ,city1 sitt+ alone or ) o!rs at ! ,mansion ,h\se or ,guildhall4 #bg4 ,! acc\nts ( ! ,bo>d 9 respect ( exp5ses incurr$ by !m "u ?is ,act %all be audit$ 9 ! same mann] z if !y 7 exp5ses incurr$ "u ! said ,metropolis ,local ,managem5t ,acts1 & ! ,bo>d %all 9 ea* ye> make a report to "o ( h] ,maje/y's pr9cipal ,secret>ies ( ,/ate ( all acts done & exp5diture incurr$ by !m 9 pursuance ( ?is ,act1 & t report %all be laid be=e ,p>liam5t )9 "o mon? aft] ! comm5cem5t ( ! session4 #bh4 ,! ,bo>d may delegate any p[]s conf]r$ on !m by ?is ,act to a committee ( _! body2 & su* committee %all1 to ! ext5t to :i* su* p[]s are delegat$1 be deem$ to be ! ,bo>d )9 ! mean+ ( ?is ,act4 #bi4 ,if ! companies insur+ prop]ty )9 ! metropolis1 or any su* numb] ( !m z may 9 ! op9ion ( ! said ,bo>d be suffici5t1 e/abli% a =ce ( m5 *>g$ ) ! duty ( att5d+ at fires & sav+ insur$ prop]ty1 x %all be ! duty ( ! ,fire ,brigade1 ) ! sanction ( ! ,bo>d1 & subject to any regulations t may be made by ! ,bo>d1 to af=d ! necess>y assi/ance to t =ce 9 ! p]=mance ( _! duties1 &1 ^u ! application ( any (fic] ( t =ce1 to h& ov] to _! cu/ody prop]ty t may be sav$ f fire2 & no *>ge %all be made by ! said ,bo>d = ! s]vices ?us r5d]$ by ! fire brigade4 #cj4 ,x %all be lawful = ! ,bo>d1 :5 occasion requires1 to p]mit any "p ( ! fire brigade e/abli%m5t1 ) _! eng9es1 escapes1 & o!r implem5ts1 to proce$ beyond ! limits ( ! metropolis = ! purpose ( ext+ui%+ fires4 ,9 su* case ! own] & occupi] ( ! prop]ty :]e ! fire has occurr$ %all be jo9tly & sev]ally liable to defray all ! exp5ses t may be incurr$ by ! ,fire ,brigade 9 att5d+ ! fire1 & %all pay to ! ,bo>d a reasonable *>ge = ! att5dance ( ! ,fire ,brigade1 & ! use ( _! eng9es1 escapes1 & o!r implem5ts4 ,9 case ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,bo>d & ! own] & occupi] ( su* prop]ty1 or ei!r ( !m1 ! am\nt ( ! exp5ses1 z well z ! propriety ( ! ,fire ,brigade att5d+ su* fire 7if ! propriety !re( be disput$71 %all be summ>ily det]m9$ by two ju/ices4 ,9 default ( paym5t1 any exp5ses "u ?is section may be recov]$ by ! ,bo>d 9 a summ>y mann]4 ,! ,bo>d may also p]mit any "p ( ! ,fire ,brigade ,e/abli%m5t to be employ$ on special s]vices ^u su* t]ms ( remun]ation z ! said ,bo>d may ?9k j4 #ca4 ,! ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade %all 9 ! morn+ ( ea* day1 ) ! exception ( ,sundays1 s5d in=mation1 by po/ or o!rwise1 to all ! insurance (fices contribut+ = ! purposes ( ?is ,act1 ( all fires :i* h tak5 place )9 ! metropolis s9ce ! prec$+ return1 9 su* =m z may be agre$ ^u betwe5 ! ,bo>d & ! said companies4 #cb4 ,all ! p[]s n[ ex]cis$ by any local body or (fic] )9 ! metropolis z respects fireplugs %all h5ce=? be ex]cis$ by ! ,bo>d1 & ! ,bo>d %all be entitl$ to receive copies or extracts ( all plans kept by any wat] company "u ! provision ( ! ,act ( ! session ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? ye>s ( h] ,maje/y1 *apt] eighty-f\r2 & e su* wat] company %all provide at ! exp5se ( ! ,bo>d 9 any ma9s or pipes )9 ! metropolis plugs = ! supply ( wat] 9 case ( fire at su* places1 ( su* dim5sions1 & 9 su* =m z ! ,bo>d may require1 & ! ,fire ,brigade %all be at lib]ty to make su* use !re( z !y may deem necess>y = ! purpose ( ext+ui%+ any fire2 & e su* company %all deposit keys ( all _! fireplugs at su* places z may be appo9t$ by ! ,bo>d1 & ! ,bo>d may put up on any h\se or build+ a public notice 9 "s conspicu\s place 9 ea* /reet 9 :i* a fireplug is situat$1 %[+ its situation4 #cc4 ,own] 9 ?is ,act %all mean ! p]son = ! "t be+ receiv+ ! rackr5t ( ! premises 9 connexion ) :i* ! ^w is us$1 ei!r on 8 own acc\nt or z ag5t or tru/ee = "s o!r p]son1 or :o w\ld receive ! same if ! premises 7 let at rackr5t4 ,repeal4 #cd4 ,on & aft] ! fir/ day ( ,janu>y1 "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & sixty-six1 !re %all be repeal$ s mu* z is unrepeal$ ( an ,act pass$ 9 ! f\rte5? ye> ( 8 late ,maje/y ,k+ ,george ! ,?ird1 *apt] sev5ty-eight1 & intitul$ an ,act = ! fur!r & bett] regulation ( build+s & p>ty walls1 & = ! m effectually prev5t+ mis*ief by fire1 )9 ! ,cities ( ,london & ,we/m9/] & ! lib]ties !re(1 & o!r ! p>i%es1 prec9cts1 & places )9 ! weekly bills ( mortality1 ! p>i%es ( ,/4 ,m>ylebone1 ,padd+ton1 ,/4 ,pancras1 & ,/4 ,luke1 at ,*elsea1 9 ! ,c\nty ( ,middlesex1 & = indemnify+1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 build]s & o!r p]sons aga9/ ! p5alties to :i* !y are or may be liable = erect+ build+s )9 ! limits a=esaid contr>y to law1 ) ! exception ( sections eighty-?ree & eighty-six :i* %all rema9 9 full =ce1 b su* repeal %all n affect any p5alty or liability incurr$ "u ! repeal$ sections4 #ce4 ,on & aft] ! fir/ day ( ,janu>y1 "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & sixty-six1 section =ty-f\r ( an ,act pass$ 9 ! session hold5 9 ! ?ird & f\r? ye>s ( ! reign ( ,k+ ,william ! ,f\r?1 *apt] n9ety1 %all be repeal$ s f> z respects any p>i% or place )9 ! limits ( ! metropolis z def9$ by ?is ,act2 provid$ t ! repeal ( ! said section %all n affect ! p[] ( ! *ur*w>d5s & ov]se]s ( any p>i% or place to contribute to ! funds ( any society t at ! "t ( ! pass+ ( ?is ,act ma9ta9s fire escapes 9 su* p>i% or place1 unless & until ! ,bo>d pur*ase ! prop]ty ( su* society1 or o!rwise provide fire escapes 9 su* p>i% or place4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 accordance ) ! provisions ( ! above recit$ ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 ! ,london ,fire ,brigade ( ! ,insurance ,(fices is n[ be+ ext5d$ to meet ! requirem5ts ( ! :ole ( ,london1 "u ! title ( ! ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade1 ) ,capta9 ,e4 ,m4 ,%aw1 ,mr4 ,braidwood's successor1 z *ief (fic]4 ,,london3 ,,savill ,,& ,,edw>ds1 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,*&os ,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d54 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,v>iations 9 spell+1 hyph5ation1 capitalization1 & punctuation h be5 reta9$ f ! orig9al book4 ,! ,table ( ,cont5ts & ,li/ ( ,illu/rations d n exactly mat* ! *apt]1 section1 & illu/ration titles 9 ! text4 ,! foll[+ *anges h be5 made3 ,page #gj3 ,miss+ ^w ( add$ 7avail !mselves ( ! means74 ,page #ahc3 ,typo e/ali%m5t *ang$ to e/abli%m5t 7e/abli%m5t ( telegraphic communication74 ,tables 9 ! ,app5dix h be5 modifi$ 9 =mat1 b n 9 cont5t1 to fit ! pla9-text spac+ con/ra9ts4