,,buchanan',s                           
,,journal ,,of ,,man4                   
,,vol4 ,i4         ,,june1 #ahhg4       
,,no4 #e4     ,,contents ,,of ,,journal 
,,of ,,man4     ,the ,most ,marvellous  
,triumph of ,educational ,science   ,the
 ,grand ,symposium of the ,wise ,men    
,the ,burning ,question in ,education   
,,miscellaneous ,,intelligence--,bigotry
 and ,liberality2 ,religious     ,news2 
,abolishing ,slavery2 ,old ,fogy        
,biography2 ,legal     ,responsibility  
in ,hypnotism2 ,pasteur's ,cure for     
,hydrophobia2     ,lulu ,hurst2 ,land   
,monopoly2 ,marriage in ,mexico2 ,the   
,grand     ,symposium2 ,a ,new          
,mussulman ,empire2 ,psychometric       
,imposture2 ,our     ,tobacco ,bill2    
,extinct ,animals2 ,education   ,genesis
 of the ,brain 7concluded7     ,,the    
,,most ,,marvellous ,,triumph ,,of      
,,educational ,,science4   ,in the dull 
atmosphere which stagnates between the  
high walls of colleges and churches     
wherein play the little eddies of       

fashionable literature1 which considers 
the authorship of an old play#a more    
interesting and important than the      
questions that involve the welfare of   
all humanity or the destiny of a        
nation1--an atmosphere seldom stirred by
 the strong1 pure breezes of the        
mountain and the ocean1--the best       
thought and impulse of which humanity is
 capable is stifled in its birth1 or if 
it comes forth feels the overshadowing  
influence that chills its life4      #a 
,mr4 ,lowell1 having been minister to   
,england1 is profoundly     reverenced  
in ,boston for his social position4 ,his
 position     gives great weight to his 
suggestions4 ,it is a moral power for   
the use of which he is responsible1 but 
with which he has     trifled4 ,when a  
few earnest reformers thought that ,mr4 
,gladstone's grand statesmanship in     
preserving the peace of the     world   
deserved to be recognized and honored by
 ,americans1     conservative1          
rank-worshipping ,bostonians thought it 

would be     indispensable to have ,mr4 
,lowell's co-operation1 and waited      
his return from ,europe4 ,when ,mr4     
,lowell was appealed to be had          
nothing to say1--he wanted rest6 ,and   
,boston had nothing to     say on that  
grand occasion1 though ,boston has a    
perfunctory     ,peace ,society6        
,but now ,mr4 ,lowell comes out to call 
forth ,bostonians for his     chosen    
themes1 and what are they8 ,the         
discussion of old     ,english          
dramatists6 ,if there is anything more  
dead and     worthless than antiquated  
plays which are forgotten1 what is      
it8 ,if there is anything more worthy of
 the name of rubbish1     pray let us   
know what it is4 ,but ,boston crowds to 
hear     disquisitions which from men in
 a different social position     would  
be voted a bore1 and sits reverently and
 patiently to     catch his feeble and  
to many1 scarce audible utterances4 ,is 
not this the worship of triviality and  
trash6 ,how different     would have    

been the action of ,john ,hancock1 of   
,samuel ,adams1     of ,fisher ,ames1 or
 of ,wendell ,phillips4 ,the atmosphere 
of     ,european courts is debilitating 
to ,american ,republicanism1     unless 
it be a profound sentiment of the heart4
 ,when my     brother-in-law returned   
from his position as minister to        
,naples1 ,i could see that he had       
learned to look upon the     common     
people as a rabble1 and to sympathize   
only with the     aristocracy4 ,cassius 
,m4 ,clay at ,st4 ,petersburg learned to
     sympathize with the ,russians1 but 
he returned with no     impairment of   
his democratic principles4  ,not there1 
amid the pedantries of culture1 do we   
find the atmosphere for free and        
benevolent thought1 but rather far away 
from such influences1 in the forests1   
the mountain and prairie1 where man     
comes more nearly into communion with   
nature1 and forgets the inheritance of  
ancient error which every corporate     
institution preserves and perpetuates4  

,it is to this widespread audience that 
the ,,journal ,,of ,,man appeals and    
offers a new suggestion4  ,in sending   
forth the ,new ,education1 hoping for   
some appreciative response from         
educational circles in which collegiate 
influences prevail1 ,i did not deem it  
prudent to introduce some of the noblest
 thoughts that belong to the great      
theme4 ,the book was sent forth limited 
and incomplete1 hoping that1 heretical  
as it was1 and quite irreverent toward  
the ignorance descended from antiquity1 
it might still receive sufficient       
approbation and appreciation to justify 
later introduction of matter that would 
have hindered its first reception4  ,it 
has reached the third edition1 but it   
has been very apparent that its         
reception was cordial and enthusiastic  
only among the most progressive minds1  
the number of which increases as we     
travel westward1 and ,san ,francisco    
called for more copies than the leading 
cities of the ,east4  ,the time has now 

arrived 7when this ,,journal is hailed  
cordially throughout the country7 that  
,i may venture to announce the most     
remarkable feature of the art and       
science of education4 ,there is an      
additional reason1 too1 for speaking out
 at this time1 which should mortify the 
pride of an ,american citizen4 ,the     
philanthropic science which ,i thought  
it imprudent to mention then in this    
free country1 is beginning to be studied
 in ,france1 where such themes are not  
suppressed by the sturdy dogmatism which
 is so prevalent and so powerful in the 
,anglo-,saxon race4   ,,the ,,new       
,,method ,,in ,,france4  ,as the ,french
 ,national ,scientific ,association1 in 
their meeting at ,grenoble1 two years   
ago1 recognized in their most startling 
form the phenomena of human             
impressibility which are illustrated in 
the ,manual of ,psychometry1 and        
reported the most marvellous experiments
 in medicines1--an act of liberality    
which has no parallel in                

,english-speaking nations1--so at the   
late meeting of their ,scientific       
,congress1 as ,i learn from the ,german 
magazine1 the ,sphinx1 the new principle
 of education was broached which ,i     
feared to present in the ,new           
,education1 and was received with       
general approbation by that learned     
body4  ,of course there was not a       
complete presentation of the subject1   
for that would require a complete       
knowledge of the brain1 which no        
scientific association claims at        
present1 and which will have its first  
presentation to the readers of the      
,,journal ,,of ,,man1 but the process of
 educational development was studied by 
the ,french savants from the standpoint 
of mesmeric science and its leading     
methods1 which are now 7freed from the  
name of an individual7 styled hypnotism2
 or1 the sleep-producing process4  ,in  
that passive and impressionable         
condition which is called hypnotic1     
mesmeric1 somnambulic1 or somniloquent1 

it has long been known that the subject 
may be absolutely controlled by the     
operator1 or by a simple command or     
suggestion1 or by his own imagination4  
,this has been so often demonstrated    
before many hundred thousands of        
spectators1 that it is a matter of      
general knowledge everywhere among      
intelligent people1--everywhere except1 
perhaps1 in the thick darkness of       
medical colleges1 where ignorance upon  
such subjects has long been made the    
criterion of respectability1 and perhaps
 among a few very orthodox              
congregations1 where such things have   
been associated with the idea of        
witchcraft1 and considered very         
offensive to the ,lord4 ,such was the   
doctrine of my old contemporary at      
,cincinnati1 ,dr4 ,wilson1 at the head  
of the leading orthodox congregation2   
and it was equally offensive to the     
champion debater of ,presbyterian       
orthodoxy1 the ,rev4 ,n4 ,l4 ,rice1 whom
 ,i arraigned before a vast audience for

 his antiquated falsehoods4 ,if the     
church and the college are getting a    
little more enlightened now1 ,i cannot  
forget the condition in which ,i found  
them1 of stubborn hostility to          
scientific progress1 and these things   
should not be forgotten until they have 
repented1 reformed1 and ceased to be a  
stationary obstruction4  ,we are not    
accustomed to look to a ,catholic       
country like ,france for advanced       
thought1 yet1 in these instances just   
mentioned1 we find ,french scientists   
entertaining advanced ideas which the   
leaders of ,american science treat with 
either indifference or hostility4 ,the  
,popular ,science ,monthly and medical  
journals generally treat all such       
matters with stubborn aversion and      
injustice4 ,the learned collaborators of
 ,johnson's ,cyclopedia were unwilling  
even to have the science of psychometry 
mentioned in it1 and it was introduced  
by the publisher against their protest4 
,these things ,i mention now1 that the  

great public to which ,i appeal may     
better understand the real value of the 
opinions of those who stand in positions
 of authority and influence4  ,i would  
not wish to diminish by harsh criticism 
the sentiment of reverence which is     
already too feeble in the ,american     
mind4 ,we cannot be too reverent to real
 intellectual and moral greatness1 but  
to reverence beyond their worth the     
teachers of old inherited falsehoods1 is
 to be a traitor to truth4 ,the         
literature of to-day is controlled by   
ancient or mediaeval errors1 and the    
fresh science seeking expression in the 
,,journal ,,of ,,man could not have     
found expression in periodical          
literature4 ,our leading periodicals    
would not have opened their pages to the
 exposition of educational methods which
 is to be given in this essay4          
,intolerance is the inheritance which   
the generation of to-day has received   
from ancestors who two or three         
centuries ago delighted in hanging or   

even burning the exponents of opinions  
contrary to their own2 and where        
intolerance is not in the way1 the      
energy of literary cliques is exerted to
 hold exclusive possession of the field4
  ,with this exordium1 which the        
occasion seemed to require1 let us      
proceed to consider the most powerful   
and radical measure1 which belongs to   
the science of education1 and which has 
been developed by the science of        
anthropology4   ,,definition ,,of       
,,education4  ,education1 rightly       
understood1 signifies the development of
 all the faculties or capacities of the 
soul1 and1 as a necessary consequence1  
of the brain1 in which that soul is     
lodged1 and of the body1 which is as    
essential to the brain as the brain is  
to the soul4 ,for without the brain     
there is no soul expression1 and in     
proportion to the condition and         
development of the brain is the         
expression of all the soul faculties4 ,a
 soft and watery brain is always        

accompanied by feebleness of character  
and mind4 ,in like manner the           
manifestations of the brain depend for  
their strength upon the body1 when the  
lungs and heart fail to send a vigorous 
current of arterial blood to the brain1 
its power declines proportionally2 and  
when the current ceases entirely1 the   
action of the brain itself ceases1 and  
with its cessation all manifestations of
 the soul cease also4 ,or when the      
disordered viscera fail to supply a     
healthy blood1 as in fevers of a low    
type1 the brain1 like all other organs1 
is brought down to the level of the     
depraved blood1 and shows by its utter  
feebleness and by the incoherent        
expressions of the patient that brain   
and soul depend upon the body for their 
power and all their action in this      
life4#b      #b ,the insane folly which 
assumes1 without a particle of          
evidence1 that everything depends upon  
mind1 and that the     brain1 the body1 
and their environment1 which is         

continually     acting upon the entire  
man1 are of no importance whatever1     
would not be worthy even of mere mention
 if it were not for     the fact that   
this form of delusion has of late become
 so     common1 under the deceptive     
names of metaphysics1 ,christian        
science1 and mind-cure1 when the theory 
is simply an attempt     to get rid of  
science and common sense4   ,,four      
,,educational ,,methods4  ,the process  
of education by a teacher consists      
chiefly in establishing the control of  
his stronger mind over that of the      
pupil1 by placing the latter in the most
 passive and receptive condition1 in    
which the pupil not only receives the   
intelligence he gives1 but also feels   
the influence of his will and           
principles4  ,there are four methods by 
which the influence of the teacher is   
made effective3 #ast1 the power of      
conviction or reason2 #b;d1 the spirit  
of obedience2 #c;d1 the spirit of       
imitation2 and #dth1 the spirit of      

passive sympathy4  ,in the first method 
he addresses the understanding1 enabling
 the pupil to understand what is best   
for him4 ,if ,socrates had been right in
 maintaining that knowledge was the one 
thing needful to overcome practical     
errors1 and that men sinned only through
 ignorance 7which was a very grave      
mistake71 this would be the most        
effective method of teaching4 ,but it is
 effective only with those who are      
conscientious and thoughtful1 who are   
seeking to do right1 and need only to be
 instructed4 ,it is entirely ineffective
 with the great majority of wrong doers1
 whose moral nature and self-control are
 insufficient to curb their animalism4  
,the second method1 the spirit of       
obedience1 is the method of religion1   
which is far more effective4 ,jesus and 
other religious teachers impress their  
followers that there is a great and     
benevolent power1 the power to which we 
are indebted for our present lives and  
our hope of unlimited future            

happiness1--to which we owe a profound  
gratitude1 with an unhesitating love and
 obedience4 ,our love should not be     
withheld from our grand benefactor2 and 
if his wisdom transcends our own1 the   
wisest thing that we can do is to       
ascertain what that wisdom dictates1 and
 obey it implicitly4 ,that which we     
supremely love and reverence we delight 
in obeying4   ,,obedience ,,and         
,,imitation4  ,the teacher or parent1   
therefore1 should endeavor to hold      
something like the ,divine relation to  
the child1--should show a superiority of
 knowledge1 an inflexible firmness1 an  
unvarying love1 and irresistible        
attraction1 ever endeavoring to win     
love1 while enforcing the supremacy of  
his will1 so that obedience may be a    
pleasure4 ,thus may a woman with a      
masculine strength of will1 or a man    
with feminine strength of love1 develop 
that willing obedience which insures the
 moral elevation of the pupil4 ,but     
whenever the teacher fails to elicit    

both respect and love1 his power for    
good is lost4 ,in this evolution of good
 the power of the teacher is vastly     
enhanced by that of music1 especially in
 the form of song1 when the pupil is    
made to sing songs of exalted sentiment2
 and there are very few natures so      
depraved as to resist long the combined 
power of exalted music and a superior   
teacher1 to which should be added the   
social influence of numbers already     
elevated by such influences4  ,in such  
schools1 the power of the third element1
 imitation1 is very great1 for the pupil
 is generally more influenced by the    
example of his numerous associates in   
the school and family1 with whom he is  
continually in contact1 than by that of 
his teacher4  ,to get the full benefit  
of imitation requires not only the      
influence of well-trained schoolmates1  
but systematic exercises in reading1    
singing1 declamation1 and deportment1   
the teaching being given by example4    
,when a boy or girl is taught by example

 to express a noble sentiment in a      
natural manner1 he is thereby compelled 
to feel the sentiment in some degree    
with sincerity4 ,when he is required to 
imitate and practice certain forms of   
politeness which express the best       
sentiments1 those sentiments must       
gradually become a part of his nature4  
,the acts of respect1 of kindness and   
courtesy to which he may be naturally   
averse1 cannot be daily practised       
without rousing in his nature the       
sentiments to which they correspond4    
,,value ,,of ,,dancing4  ,among the many
 disciplinary methods which have been   
neglected in our educational systems1 ,i
 would give a high rank to dancing4     
,rightly conducted1 it embodies so much 
of grace1 dignity1 cheerfulness1        
playfulness1 health1 and the desire of  
pleasing1 as to entitle it to a high    
rank in the promotion of health and     
virtue4 ,dancing is one of the imitative
 arts1 and involves the amiable         
influence of imitation1 as well as the  

more lively sentiments4 ,the hostility  
of the orthodox churches to this        
refining exercise is probably the effect
 of the infernalism of their theology1  
which places mankind upon the brink of  
hell1 in full view of the infinite agony
 of their friends1 relatives1 and       
ancestors1 so as to render every        
sentiment but that of gloom and terror  
inappropriate4 ,how bitter their        
hostility to all gaiety6 ,yes1 dance1   
young woman1 said a famous ,methodist   
preacher about twenty years ago1 dance  
down to hell6 ,at the same time1 his own
 private record did not indicate any    
deep sincerity in his fear of hell4 ,the
 same hostility is still kept up1 and   
overflows in the popular harangues of   
,rev4 ,sam ,jones1 and many others4     
,popular ,christianity1 in the majority 
of the churches1 is therefore one of the
 greatest hindrances to a normal        
educational system1 and to social       
refinement1 notwithstanding its support 
of some of the essential virtues4       

,,the ,,revolutionary ,,method4  ,the   
fourth method1 of passive sympathy1 is  
the most scientific1 the most novel and 
the most powerful of all1--the most     
competent to grasp the helpless1        
hopeless1 half idiotic1 and half        
criminal classes and restore them to    
normal intelligence and virtue4 ,it was 
not mentioned in the ,new ,education1   
for fear of alarming the orthodox       
stolidity of the medical college and the
 church1 but it will appear in future   
editions4 ,it is the method of bringing 
the subject into absolute sympathy and  
absolute subordination under the        
operator4  ,it has been known throughout
 this century that certain persons can  
be brought under the control of those of
 stronger wills1 so as to realize the   
thoughts1 and even sensations of the    
operator1 feeling what he feels1 tasting
 what he tastes1 apparently more        
familiar with his body than their own1  
and passively subject to his will4 ,they
 are said to be en rapport with him1 and

 with no one else4 ,in this condition   
his will is substituted for their own1  
which is entirely passive1 and he is    
able to fix impressions on their minds  
and produce changes in their feelings   
and sentiments which may remain after   
his control is removed4  ,it is         
self-evident that in this process we    
have the most powerful lever ever       
discovered for uplifting the fallen1 and
 doing more in an hour than can be done 
by the usual methods in many months4    
,why1 then1 have we not had the benefit 
of this potent method throughout the    
century8 ,the answer is one word1       
,stolidity6 ,these proceedings1 which   
are called magnetic1 or named after     
,mesmer1 mesmeric1 have had to battle   
for recognition1 for existence even1    
against the college and the church4 ,the
 medical and clerical professions have  
been everywhere educated to deny1       
despise1 and resist this species of     
science1 and would1 if they had the     
power1 suppress it by law1 their        

education having made them ignorant of  
its merits and ignorant of its deeply   
interesting literature4 ,prejudice and  
ignorance are inculcated as easily as   
science1 and they are inculcated in all 
colleges4  ,but all who are acquainted  
with the history of animal magnetism    
during the present century know that it 
has nobly fulfilled its mission as a    
system of therapeutics1 by alleviating  
or curing all forms of disease of both  
body and mind4 ,that which cures bodily 
diseases and sometimes overcomes        
insanity has certainly power enough to  
modify the action of the brain2 and if  
the large number of magnetic physicians 
who have been successfully occupied in  
conquering disease had been employed in 
modifying the action of the brain in the
 young1 we might have had as            
satisfactory reports of their success1  
which neither the medical nor the       
clerical profession would have been so  
much moved by jealousy to oppose4  ,in  
the light of anthropology1 however1 it  

is not necessary to adhere to the old   
formulae of the followers of ,mesmer4   
,the hypnotic or mesmeric state is      
simply a condition arising from the     
exercise and predominance of a faculty  
belonging to all human beings1--a       
faculty which may be evoked by other    
methods1 or by the voluntary action of  
the subject1 or by the spontaneous      
action of the brain1 as in those who in 
sleep pass into the state of            
somnambulism1 and go forth in the night1
 walking in dangerous places with       
perfect safety1 but in an unconscious   
state4  ,this condition is also produced
 by gentle manipulations over the head  
toward the eyes1 or upon the chest down 
to the epigastrium 7pit of the stomach74
 ,the reason of these processes was     
entirely unknown until my discovery of  
the organ of ,somnolence in the temples1
 and the corresponding region in the    
body showed that the results were       
produced by manipulations which         
concentrated the nervous action to those

 two locations4  ,illustration  ,the    
entranced or mesmeric state1 in which   
the subject is in a dreamy condition    
with but little power of will and with  
extreme susceptibility1 which is also a 
state of great mental clearness1 may be 
produced by directly stimulating the    
proper organs with the fingers1 which   
should be placed upon the organ of      
,somnolence on each side of the head1 in
 the temples1 about an inch horizontally
 behind the brow4 ,in persons who are   
impressible this produces a quiet dreamy
 feeling1 and a disposition to close the
 eyes4 ,if carried further1 the eyes    
become closed so that it is difficult to
 open them1 and the unconscious state   
soon follows4 ,the same effect may be   
produced by placing the hand on the body
 just below the breastbone 7sternum74   
,in this condition1 the character1 or   
action of the brain1 is under the       
control of the operator1 and by gently  
applying his hand over any portion of   
the brain1 its organs may be brought    

into predominant activity1 while other  
organs may be quelled or quieted by     
gentle dispersive manipulations4 ,thus1 
placing the hand gently on the top of   
the head1 touching very lightly1 all the
 amiable or moral organs will be brought
 into play1 producing the most admirable
 and pleasing disposition2 or if the    
operator has the necessary knowledge of 
the locations he may bring out each     
faculty separately1 such as ,love1      
,hope1 ,religion1 ,kindness1            
,conscientiousness1 ,firmness1          
,cheerfulness1 ,imitation1 etc4  ,at the
 same time1 if there be any evil        
propensities1 such as a quarrelsome1    
irritable temper1 a love of turbulence  
and cruelty1 selfishness1 avarice1      
jealousy1 etc41 all of which lie at the 
base of the brain1 they may be for the  
time entirely suppressed by gentle      
dispersive manipulations from the organs
 of such propensities either down toward
 the chest or upward4  ,what ,i state   
thus of the moral and selfish tendencies

 or faculties is equally applicable to  
all the faculties and their organs4 ,we 
may stimulate all forms of intelligence1
 observation1 memory1 or reason1 or     
check excessive intellectual activity   
when it disturbs sleep and exhausts the 
brain4 ,we may thus cultivate modesty1  
obedience1 prudence1 industry1          
application1 imagination1 refinement1   
truthfulness1 faith1 spirituality1      
originality1 invention1 literary        
capacity1 patience1 perseverance1       
fortitude1 hardihood1 health1           
temperance1 and1 in short1 every good   
quality that we desire to see developed1
 if we understand cerebral science2 and 
if we understand only its               
general-outlines we can at least improve
 the character by giving a predominance 
to the superior regions of the brain4   
,but while this may be done more        
effectively in the somnolized condition1
 it is not absolutely necessary to      
induce that condition4 ,speaking of the 
entire fourteen hundred millions now on 

the globe1 we may say that a large      
majority are susceptible1 in various    
degrees1 of feeling such influences     
without any previous somnolizing4       
,nearly all the inhabitants of the      
torrid zone are subject to such         
influences in their habitual condition1 
and actually require no medicine1       
because their treatment by the hand of  
an enlightened anthropologist familiar  
with therapeutic sarcognomy will control
 all their diseases4 ,the greatest      
triumphs of sarcognomy are yet to be    
realized in such climates4  ,in the     
,united ,states1 the susceptibility     
increases as we go ,south4 ,the majority
 of the southern population are         
impressible1 and there are some who     
would even maintain that a majority are1
 in the ,north2 and certainly magnetic  
healers have been very successful in    
,new ,england4  ,but whatever may be the
 case with adults1 ,i believe that a    
majority of the young everywhere possess
 a considerable degree of               

impressibility1 and that the mother's   
hand1 gently applied upon the upper     
surface of the head1 will generally     
quiet the evil passions and promote good
 humor4  ,this is more especially true  
of girls4 ,it is rare to find one who   
does not show in her youth1 especially  
from ten to twenty years of age1 a      
degree of susceptibility which makes her
 a good subject for the manual treatment
 of disease1 and also for improving the 
action of the brain1 by the scientific  
use of the hand upon the head1 by which 
despondent1 restless1 fretful1          
hysterical1 or other evil conditions may
 be quickly overcome4 ,the speedy relief
 of headache is especially remarkable4  
,my own experiments upon the brain have 
been made for the development and       
cultivation of science1 or the          
assistance of the sick4 ,i have not had 
time to undertake the systematic        
cultivation and change of character by  
such processes in the young2 but when ,i
 see how quickly and completely the     

condition of a patient may be changed1  
and all cloudy1 depressed conditions of 
the brain removed1--how easily ,i can   
produce a state of insanity1 idiocy1 or 
pugnacity1 and as quickly remove it     
entirely1--,i cannot doubt that a little
 perseverance in cultivating the nobler 
qualities until they become by habit a  
second nature will change even the most 
depraved1 if the process be begun in    
childhood or youth and steadily         
maintained1 unless there be a great     
organic deficiency in the brain1 which  
cannot be remedied4  ,the teacher of the
 future1 duly educated in anthropology1 
will lay aside the rod1 and will find in
 the scientific application of his hands
 the means of overcoming acquired or    
even hereditary evils2 and special      
asylums will be established1 in which   
the most degenerate youth may be        
restored to honor1 not by cerebral      
treatment alone1 but by all the         
appliances of industry1 music1 religion1
 and love1 which have already reformed  

so many youthful criminals at           
,lancaster1 ,ohio1 and given them to    
society as good citizens4  ,the method  
of direct operation on the brain1 which 
was introduced by my discovery in #ahda1
 is that with which ,i am more familiar1
 but the mesmeric method has long been  
known1 and the modification of this1    
which might be called the imaginative   
method1 has been made familiar during   
the last fifty years under the popular  
name of psychology1 and sometimes under 
the absurd name of electro-biology4     
,this method is simply that of assuming 
control of the subject when he is in the
 passive state1 and making him believe  
anything he is told1 as1 for example1   
that a handkerchief is a snake1 that a  
piece of money is burning hot1 or that  
he is a king1 a hero1 an orator1 an     
auctioneer1 or anything else suggested  
by the fancy of the operator1 which is  
at once carried into personation by the 
subject4 ,this is a familiar1 popular   
exhibition1 which never fails to attract

 and amuse1 but has unfortunately not   
been applied to its philanthropic uses  
in healing disease and elevating the    
character4 ,if disease can be overcome  
by making the subject believe a glass of
 pure water a powerful restorative      
medicine1 or by believing himself       
marvellously well and vigorous2 or if   
his vicious or indolent habits can be   
overcome by making him for a time       
believe himself a religious saint or an 
energetic business man1--such           
experiments should be made a powerful   
adjunct in education1 and in the        
reformation of criminals2 and this      
application has recently been made in   
,france1 which has the honor of leading 
in this important philanthropy4  ,the   
passive state required may be produced  
by fixing the gaze intently for a few   
minutes upon some object near the eyes  
which requires them to be turned inward1
 or by gazing at the eyes of the        
operator4 ,the operator tells him if his
 eyes are shut that he cannot open them1

 or that he cannot lift his foot1 or    
cannot step across a certain mark1 and  
he seems unable to do so1 but does      
readily whatever his operator suggests1 
and believes himself to be whatever his 
operator says--experiments which have   
been made a source of infinite amusement
 to public audiences4  ,for example1    
about forty-five years ago a ,mr4       
,keeley was making such exhibitions in  
,louisville1 and found an old lawyer    
named ,dozier a good subject4 ,he       
informed ,mr4 ,dozier on the platform   
that he was ,mr4 ,polk1 ,president of   
the ,united ,states1 whereupon he       
attempted to assume a corresponding     
dignity4 ,then1 bringing up ,mr4 ,geo4  
,d4 ,prentice1 the witty editor of the  
,louisville ,journal1 he informed the   
quasi-,president ,polk that this was his
 wife1 ,mrs4 ,polk1 just arrived1       
whereupon an amusingly cordial reception
 of the quasi-wife occurred4  ,the      
utilization of these principles by the  
,french is shown in the following       

translation from the ,german4           
,,hypnotism ,,and ,,education4      ,,by
 ,,edgar ,,berillon4      ,translated   
from the ,german in ,sphinx1 for the    
,,journal ,,of     ,,man4      ,the     
careful study which the school of the   
medical faculty of     ,nancy has       
devoted to the phenomena of suggestion1 
and their     actual progress in that   
department1 present the question        
whether the time has not arrived for    
teachers to participate     in this     
scientific movement4      ,the numerous 
observations by ,dr4 ,august ,voisin of 
the     ,salpetriere have positively    
proved in his own practice not     only 
the curability of mental diseases1 but  
the great     assistance which may be   
given to moral culture1 so that we      
might successfully introduce hypnotism  
in educational schools4     ,dr4 ,voisin
 with great ease cured his first patient
 in the     trial of hypnotic           
suggestion--a girl by the name of       
,johanna     ,schaaf1 who was not only a

 thief1 but dissolute1 lazy1 and        
unclean4 ,he transformed her into an    
honest industrious1 neat1     and       
obedient person4 ,for several years she 
could not be     induced to read a line4
 ,under the control of ,dr4 ,voisin she 
was made to read several pages of a     
moral work1 which she     repeated      
before the class4 ,then with great      
facility he roused     her feelings of  
sympathy1 which appeared to have become 
extinct4 ,this cure was so thorough that
 she has since been     appointed a     
nurse in the hospital1 and has given    
complete     satisfaction1 showing      
herself quite conscientious4      ,many 
other experiments were made quite       
satisfactorily1 and     similar results 
were produced in his city practice4 ,in 
one     case1 by hypnotic suggestion    
treatment ,dr4 ,voisin transformed      
the character of a quarrelsome woman1   
making her a mild     affectionate wife 
to her husband4 ,voisin's experiments   
related     principally to adults1 but  

,dr4 ,liebeault of ,nancy made          
experiments with children1 of which he  
has mentioned two     cases4 ,once a    
child was brought to his clinic with    
great     suffering from a nervous      
affection1 but would not submit to a    
hypnotic treatment till her little      
brother present offered     himself1 not
 being afraid4 ,when he was put to sleep
 his mother     told the physician that 
the boy in school was always in the     
lower grades1 without making any        
progress4 ,while in the sleep     he was
 strongly impressed for diligence and   
zeal1 and the     subsequent result was 
perfect2 within six weeks he became an  
example of diligence and perseverance1  
and soon got promoted4     ,the second  
case was that of a young idiot4 ,he was 
incapable of     intellectual culture1  
and could not be taught reading or      
arithmetic4 ,dr4 ,liebeault submitted   
him to many hypnotic     sittings1      
making a very great effort to rouse his 
attention1     though he seemed to have 

no capacity for being instructed4       
,finally he succeeded so well that after
 two months he could     read1 and could
 cipher in the four rules of arithmetic4
 ,a     great number of similar cases   
were treated by ,dr4 ,dumont at         
,nancy with decided success4      ,in   
one of his clinics ,prof4 ,bernheim     
maintained that all     children are    
receptive of hypnotic suggestion or     
transference     of thought1 and even   
more so when they enter the age of      
reasoning4 ,not only in sleep1 but also 
in the waking     condition1 they may be
 affected2 and the school of ,nancy     
deserves great credit for presenting    
this important matter to     the world  
in its true light4      ,one of the     
signs of the hypnotic sleep or state is 
the     automatic condition of the      
individual4 ,in consequence of          
having for the time an enfeebled will1  
the individual will     yield to all    
impressions upon it2 and this weakness  
of will     may take place in a wakeful 

state1 when1 if there is no             
opposition1 the individual will accept  
all assurances in good     faith4 ,in   
case there is no exertion of influence  
by others1     the subject will act by  
his or her own imagination4 ,such       
auto-suggestion is the result of a      
tendency to imitation which     seems to
 be developed in children particularly1 
and develops     in the waking state in 
undisciplined minds or in a fatigued    
and passive state4      ,these important
 principles and facts render it the duty
 of     every educator to study the     
efficacy of suggestion and     imitation
 in children4 ,the experiments made thus
 far1     authorize us to establish the 
following rules for practice3      ,if  
we have to deal with children of lazy1  
unintelligent1 and     indifferent      
character1 we should confine ourselves  
to     practicing verbal suggestion in  
their waking state1 and to be           
effective it would be best to follow the
 experiments at ,nancy1     especially  

of ,dr4 ,liebeault1 and make great      
effort to gain the     implicit         
confidence of the child4 ,seat it by    
itself on a     chair1 place your hand  
on its forehead1 and enforce the        
suggestions by a mild voice and patient 
manner1 but with firm     determination4
      ,when1 however1 our treatment is  
to ameliorate the future     destiny of 
the children1--when their faculty of    
observation is     deficient1 when they 
have no diligence whatever1 and are full
     of vicious1 headstrong1 evil       
inclinations1 it is our opinion     that
 by all means we should apply hypnotism 
fully to these     degenerate creatures4
 ,the suggestions in the hypnotic sleep 
are of greater efficacy1 more durable   
and profound1 and     probably in many  
cases it will be necessary to repeat    
these     procedures frequently1 until  
the imperfect intellectual     faculties
 are developed1 and the evil            
inclinations suppressed4     ,thus may  
we guide these young souls to a better  

and purer     future4      ,in          
conclusion1 ,i do not hesitate to assert
 the importance of     hypnotism1 in    
spite of all objections in its          
application to     the mental and       
physical faculties of healthy persons4  
,its     application as an educational  
method will be of vast     importance to
 sick and depraved subjects4  ,the train
 of thought in the above essay1 which   
,dr4 ,berillon has published in the     
,september number of his ,revue de      
l',hypnotisme1 inspired the contents of 
a lecture presented at the ,scientific  
,congress at ,nancy 7,august1 #ahhf71   
out of which arose a discussion in which
 ,dr4 ,liebault observed that the facts 
mentioned by ,dr4 ,berillon are entirely
 true4 ,my long practice1 said he1 has  
permitted me to gather a great number of
 other cases1 which will sustain the    
doctrines of the speaker4 ,i have never 
seen a child continue entirely          
unreceptive of suggestion treatment4 ,in
 the persons1 children1 and adults1 with

 whom ,i have experimented1 counting by 
thousands1 ,i have never observed the   
least injurious consequences whatever4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,the report of the discussion given us  
above in ,sphinx shows that these       
important suggestions met with only one 
unfriendly criticism1 and that of little
 force4 ,m4 ,desjardins1 ,esq41         
suggested that it was highly important  
that other honorable gentlemen1 like    
,dr4 ,liebault1 ,dr4 ,voisin1 and ,dr4  
,dumont1 should be officially appointed 
to carry on such experiments4 ,he       
expressed his desire that the ,congress 
should recommend that hypnotic          
suggestion for the purpose of moral     
improvement should be tried upon the    
worst class of pupils in the public     
schools4 ,the suggestion was seconded   
with energy by ,dr4 ,leclerc1 who       
expressed his surprise that any one     
should object4 ,it may be said to have  
met with the general approbation of the 
,congress4         99       99       99 

99       99  ,the ,public ,ledger of    
,philadelphia published last year the   
following sketch of the progress of the 
marvellous in ,france3      ,,marvels   
,,of ,,mind ,,and ,,body4      ,for     
several years past a number of ,french  
physicians have been     experimenting  
on hypnotised or mesmeric subjects and  
on     hysterical patients1 with results
 of the most extraordinary              
character4 ,it is our purpose to very   
briefly describe some of     these      
remarkable experiments1 from which1 we  
may say1 the     standing of the doctors
 engaged in them1 and the critical care 
with which they were conducted1 seem to 
remove all questions     of fraud or    
inaccuracy4      ,in these hypnotic     
experiments as practised by ,dr4        
,charcot1 of     the ,salpetriere2 by   
,dr4 ,bernheim1 ,professors ,beaunis and
     ,liegeois and other persons of high
 professional standing1 the     most    
striking feature is that the influence  
exerted upon the     patient does not   

vanish with the conclusion of the       
experiment1     but may produce its     
effects days1 weeks or even months      
afterwards1 when the patient is         
seemingly in a normal state     and     
controlled solely by his own thoughts4  
,for instance1 a     sensitive person   
may be hypnotised1 or mesmerized1 to use
 the     better known word1 and it be   
suggested to him by the     experimenter
 to go at a certain hour of the next or 
some     succeeding day and shoot some  
person and then deliver himself     up  
to justice4 ,on being brought back to   
the normal state no     recollection of 
this suggestion is present in his mind4 
,and     yet1 if the experiment work as 
truly as it often seemingly has         
worked1 he will endeavor at the time    
fixed to perform the     action         
indicated1 with the full belief that the
 impulse to do     so is his own4 ,we   
may quote some instances in             
corroboration of     this seemingly     
improbable statement4      ,,cases ,,of 

,,hypnotic ,,suggestion4--,among minor  
instances of this     result1 ,frederick
 ,myers relates that he suggested to a  
hypnotised subject1 who was engaged in  
coloring a sketch1 that     it would be 
a good idea to paint the bricks blue4   
,he repeated     his suggestion several 
times1 and then brought the subject to  
the normal state4 ,she had no           
recollection of what had passed1     yet
 on resuming her painting some time     
afterwards she     hesitated1 and then  
said to a lady companion1 ,i suppose it 
would never do to paint these bricks    
blue4 ,why blue8 ,oh1     it only       
occurred to me that it would look rather
 nice4 ,she     acknowledged that the   
idea of blue bricks had been            
persistently in her mind1 with the      
notion that the color would     look    
well4      ,in another instance1 ,dr4   
,bernheim1 of ,nancy1 suggested to a    
hypnotised person to take ,dr4 ,x4's    
umbrella when awake1 open     it1 and   
walk twice up and down the gallery4 ,on 

being awakened     he did so1 but with  
the umbrella shut4 ,when asked why he   
acted so1 he replied3 ,it is an idea4 ,i
 take a walk     sometimes4 ,but why    
have you taken ,dr4 ,x4's umbrella8 ,oh1
 ,i     thought it was my own4 ,i will  
replace it4      ,these are harmless    
instances of this strange power4 ,there 
are     others the reverse of harmless  
in this significance4 ,one or     two of
 these we may quote3 ,prof4 ,liegeois1  
in his recently     published pamphlet1 
,of ,hypnotism in its relations to      
,civil     and ,criminal ,law1 describes
 experiments with the subjects of       
,m4 ,liebault1 a well-known hypnotiser4 
,in these experiments he     took pains 
to induce the patients to commit crimes4
 ,as he     relates1 ,mdlle4 ,a4 ,e4 7a 
very amiable young lady7 was made to    
fire at her own mother with a pistol1   
which she had no means     of knowing   
was unloaded4 ,the same lady was made to
 accuse     herself before a judge of   
having assassinated an intimate         

friend with a knife4 ,yet in both these 
instances she was wide     awake at the 
time and supposed that she was acting   
from her     own impulse4      ,many    
other instances might be given1 but     
these will suffice     for illustration4
 ,as to the length of time in which such
 a     suggestion may remain operative1 
,prof4 ,beaunis relates a case     in   
which he suggested to a hypnotised      
subject that he would     call on her on
 the next ,new ,year's day 7#agb days   
after the     date of the experiment74  
,on that date1 being perfectly          
conscious1 she seemed to see him walk   
into the room where she     was1 pay his
 compliments1 and retire4 ,she insisted 
that this     had really happened1 and  
could not be convinced to the           
contrary4 ,a striking feature of this   
incident was that he     seemed to be   
dressed in summer attire 7as at the date
 of     experiment71 though it was now  
the dead of winter4      ,a natural     
conclusion from the facts above detailed

 is1 that     the strange power here    
indicated might prove a very dangerous  
weapon in the hands of an unscrupulous  
man4 ,if a person can     suggest to a  
subject in the hypnotic sleep that1 at a
 certain     future day1 he or she shall
 kill a person obnoxious to the         
experimenter1 or perform some other     
criminal act1 and if the     act be duly
 performed1 the subject being in a      
seemingly normal     state1 and fully   
convinced that he acted solely through  
an     impulse originating in his own   
mind1 it might appear as if     there   
was little safety left for honest       
people1 and that a     villain might    
carry out his murderous schemes with    
perfect     impunity4 ,in such a case as
 we have said1 the mind of the          
patient would cease to be his own1 but  
would partly belong to     the person   
whose deadly thoughts it contained1 and 
whose     involuntary agent it had      
become4 ,will the jurisprudence of the  
future have to take account of such     

possibilities as this8 ,yet     it must 
be remembered that the great majority of
 people are     not susceptible to      
hypnotic influence1 and that those whose
     will can be so completely subjected
 to that of another are                 
comparatively few4 ,very few such have  
yet been found in     ,france4 ,in      
,america1 the realm of a less excitable 
people1     still fewer could be found4 
,it may be said1 moreover1 that this    
influence in several cases     has been 
exerted for the good of the patient4    
,one instance is     given in which the 
patient was a great smoker and drinker1 
and     voluntarily gave up both under  
the influence of hypnotic               
suggestion4 ,several other cases of the 
same kind are related1     while a      
humorous instance is given of an idle   
school boy who1     impelled by a       
hypnotic suggestion1 became a very      
ardent     student4 ,after working off  
that spell1 however1 he obstinately     
refused to be hypnotised again1         

apparently with the impression     that 
there was something uncanny in his      
unusual fit of     devotion to study4   
,,the ,,grand ,,symposium ,,of ,,the    
,,wise ,,men ,,of ,,the ,,nineteenth    
,,century4   ,the question of our future
 destiny is paramount to all others in  
dignity and importance4 ,upon this      
subject all wise men must have clear and
 positive views4 ,the editor of the     
,christian ,register of ,boston1        
according to the very common idea that  
men in prominent positions as professors
 and decorated with college honors must 
be the wisest1 thought it well to ask   
them if science could take cognizance of
 the question of immortality1 and if its
 verdict was for or against a future    
life4 ,such questions he addressed to   
twenty-three professors1 presidents1    
doctors of laws1 etc4 ,but he did not   
reflect that there were several hundred 
gentlemen in ,boston who had more       
knowledge on this subject1 and who could
 give him positive and reliable         

information1 and he entirely forgot that
 the only scientist who has examined    
this question from the physiological    
standpoint resides in ,boston4  ,the    
editor did not obtain what he was       
ostensibly seeking1 but he did obtain an
 amount of evidence of ignorance1 in    
high places1 which ,i should be happy to
 record1 but for the fact that it would 
occupy more than half of one number of  
the ,,journal ,,of ,,man4 ,nevertheless1
 ,i cannot deprive my readers of the    
pleasure and amusement derived from this
 correspondence4 ,i have condensed the  
responses into a readable compass       
leaving out their useless verbiage1 and 
putting them in a poetic form1 as poetry
 best expresses the essence and spirit  
of an author's thought4 ,i think the    
learned gentlemen1 if they could peruse 
these doggerel rhymes1 would acknowledge
 that their meaning has been expressed  
even more plainly and forcibly than in  
their own prose4 ,the reader will       
observe that of the whole twenty-three  

only two appear to have any knowledge on
 the subject1 the famous ,a4 ,r4        
,wallace and the brilliant ,dr4 ,coues4 
,the following is the essence or rather 
quintessence of the voluminous responses
 in the order in which they were        
published4 ,the learned gentlemen ought 
to feel grateful for the increased      
candor1 brevity and explicitness of     
their replies1 when boiled down into the
 rhyming form1 bringing out new beauties
 which were not apparent in the original
 nebulous condition of vagueness in     
which some of them disclaim opposition  
to immortality1 while their only        
immortality is that of atoms and force4 
,while there is something amusing in    
these responses 7which ,i shall         
carefully file away for the future71    
which may furnish matter for surprise   
and laughter in a more enlightened age1 
and which may cause the writers1 if they
 live long enough1 to realize a feeling 
of shame for the wilful ignorance or    
affectation of ignorance displayed1 we  

cannot overlook the very serious fact   
that the educational leadership of our  
country is in the hands of men of whom a
 large proportion are destitute of the  
very foundation of the sentiment of     
religion1 while another large portion   
are so utterly regardless of scientific 
truth as to ignore the best attested    
facts1 which are continually in progress
 within their reach--a degree of bigotry
 which is not surpassed in the history  
of the ,dark ,ages4 ,verily the shadow  
of those ages rests upon the leading    
institutions of to-day4   #a4 ,response 
of ,,prof4 ,,charles ,a4 ,,young1       
,,ll4,d41 of ,princeton ,college4    ,i 
must confess this creed of ,immortality 
,hath not in the light of science much  
reality2   ,but all such questions are  
beyond our science1   ,and revelation is
 our sole reliance4   #b4 ,,prof4       
,,james ,d4 ,,dana1 ,,ll4,d41 of ,yale  
,college4    ,though very much          
hurried--not to say flurried1   ,i will 
venture to say1 as my answer to-day1    

,there is nothing in science to prevent 
our reliance   ,on the solemn reality of
 life's immortality4   #c4 ,,prof4 ,,asa
 ,,gray1 ,,ll4,d41 ,harvard ,university4
    ,were the gospel light out1 we      
should all be in doubt1   ,for science  
looks on1 astride of the fence1   ,and  
never can tell us the whither or whence2
   ,but ,i shrewdly suspect it is       
slightly inclined   ,to harmonize now   
with the ,orthodox mind4   #d4 ,,prof4  
,,joseph ,,leidy1 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d41     
,university of ,pennsylvania4    ,your  
doctrine of life eternal   ,and         
everything else supernal   ,might well  
he pronounced an infernal2              
,delusion6   ,for ,solomon said at an   
ancient date   ,that everything dieth   
early or late1   ,and man or beast1 or  
small or great1   ,hath but one fate4   
,your future life is an awful bore2     
,i've tried life once1 and ,i want it no
 more4   ,you may guess and imagine o'er
 and o'er1   ,but where's the proof8    
,yet nevertheless1 ,i won't deny   ,you 

may live without brains in realms on    
high1   ,but as for myself ,i'd rather  
not try1   ,i'd rather die4   #e4       
,,simon ,,newcomb1 ,,ll4,d41            
,f4,r4,a4,s41 etc4    ,science deals    
only with matters of sense1   ,it has   
nothing to do with a mere pretence4     
',tis one thing to say1 that the soul   
survives1   ,and another to say that a  
cat has nine lives2   ,but ,i do not say
 the one or the other1   ,nor affirm nor
 deny that the monkey's my brother4     
,i've nothing to say of angels or       
sprites1   ,or the spooks that appear in
 the darkest of nights4   ,for if we    
can't see them1 nor chase them nor tree 
them1   ,they can't be detected1 nor    
caught and dissected1   ,so science must
 be mum--and ,i1 too1 am dumb4   #f4 ,j4
 ,p4 ,,lesley1 ,state ,geologist of     
,pennsylvania1 an ex-,reverend4         
,science knows nothing about this       
matter1   ,but fancy may come to talk   
and flatter4   ,and as all mankind in   
this agree1   ,there's a future life for

 you and for me4   ,let science slide2  
we'll go with the tide1   ,uplift       
ourselves above the sod1   ,and claim to
 be a part of ,god2   ,though ,god      
extends through time and space1   ,while
 man1 alas6 soon ends his race1   ,and  
whether he lives his own life again     
,or is lost in the infinite1 ,i do not  
think plain4   #g4 ,,lester ,f4 ,,ward1 
,a4,m41 of the ,smithsonian             
,institution1 ,washington4    ,as for   
immortal life1 ,i must confess1         
,science hath never1 never answered yes4
   ,indeed all psycho-physical sciences 
show1   ,if we'd be logical1 we must    
answer no6   ,man cannot recollect      
before being born1   ,and hence his     
future life must be in a horn4   ,there 
must be parte ante1 if there's a parte  
post1   ,and logic thus demolishes every
 future ghost4   ,upon this subject the 
voice of science   ,has ne'er been ought
 but stern defiance4   ,mythology and   
magic belong to limbus fatuorum   ,if   
fools believe them1 we scientists       

deplore 'em   ,but1 nevertheless1 the   
immortal can't be lost1   ,for every    
atom has its bright eternal ghost4   #h4
 ,,edward ,,morse1 ,ph4,d41 of ,salem4  
,that immortality which ,science denies 
,cannot be admitted by those who are    
wise1   ,for if we give up and concede  
,immortality1   ,there's nothing to     
check its wide ,universality4   ,the    
toad-stool and thistle1 the donkey and  
bear   ,must live on forever1--the ,lord
 knows where4   ,i tell you1 dear sir1  
that ,science must wake up   ,and       
grapple these spooks to crush them1 and 
break up   ,this world of delusion of   
,phil4 ,d's and ,d4,d's1   ,who are all 
in the dark1 as dear ,huxley agrees1    
,proud ,huxley's ,the ,prince of        
,agnostics1 you see1   ,and ,huxley and 
,i do sweetly agree4   #i4 ,,prof4      
,,josiah ,,parsons ,,cooke1 ,,ll4,d4 of 
,harvard ,university4    ,i freely      
confess that the life of the dead   ,is 
a mystery alike to the heart and the    
head   ,of all the mortals that dwell on

 earth1   ,although revealed since our  
,saviour's birth1   ,and ,i fully       
believe in the old-fashioned ,god1      
,who1 walking in ,eden1 made man of a   
clod2   ,and ,i fully believe the same  
,deity still   ,controls all things1    
here by the fiat of will4   #aj4        
,,edward ,d4 ,,cope1 ,a4,m41 ,ph4,d41   
author of ,theology of ,evolution4 ,dr4 
,cope answers in a very voluminous and  
intricate manner1 but the following is  
the essence of his answer4    ,of life  
eternal little can we know1   ,and yet  
we hope some glimmerings may grow1   ,by
 patient inference as facts appear4   ,i
 hope there's something coming near4    
,science but sees extinction in our     
death1   ,and life the incident of      
fleeting breath4   ,we travel round the 
ologies to see   ,naught but a grand    
revolving mystery2   ,but then if we    
have a controlling mind1   ,why should  
not ,god have the same kind8            
,kinetogenesis was ruled by will1   ,the
 conscious thought goes with it still1  

,and as conscious thought erst ruled the
 roast1   ,why may it not become a      
ghost8   ,but as ghosts are like a vapor
 mixed1   ,all speculation is lost      
betwixt   ,the possible this1 and the   
possible that1   ,and so philosophy     
falls flat4   #aa4 ,,sir ,,john         
,,william ,,dawson1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41
 ,principal of ,mc,gill ,university1    
,montreal4    ,we are bound to believe  
in eternal life1   ',tis an instinct    
which in humanity's rife1   ,of savages1
 some have been found so low1   ,as     
neither a ,god or a heaven to know2     
,if civilized men sink down to their    
level1   ,they are on the highway to the
 realms of the ,devil4   #ab4 ,j4       
,,sterry ,,hunt1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4    
,in a terrible hurry1 ,i cannot say     
much1   ,but ,science1 ,i think1 opposes
 all such   ,belief in the future4 ,but 
,god is so great1   ,i accept what he   
gives as my future state4   #ac4        
,,william ,,james1 ,m4,d41 ,prof4       
,philosophy1 ,harvard ,university4    ,i

 can only say my philosophy floats   ,in
 the ,german life-boat of ,prof4 ,lotze1
   ,at one opinion we both arrive1      
,that all who ought to will survive4    
#ad4 ,,benjamin ,,apthorp ,,gould1      
,,ll4,d41 ,astronomer1 ,cambridge4      
,my faith is firm1 but ,i have no time  
,to explain it all in this tuneful      
rhyme4   ,science cannot say much1 ,i   
fear1   ,but must admit that ,god is    
here1   ,and if the priests would let us
 alone1   ,perhaps a little more might  
be known4   ,spirit is fact1 and this ,i
 assume1   ,for ,matter is nothing but  
solid ,gloom4   #ae4 ,,alfred ,r4       
,,wallace1 the compeer of ,darwin4      
,spiritual science has told the whole   
story   ,of the claims of mankind to    
realms of glory4   ,our facts are       
abundant1 harmonious and true1   ,they  
satisfy me and should satisfy you4   ,no
 baseless hypothesis shapes our         
knowledge1   ,no dogmatic rule derived  
from a college1   ,as we fearless       
explore the worlds unseen1   ,and learn 

what all their mysteries mean4   ,the   
science we study is truly ,divine1      
,they only reject it who are mentally   
blind4   #af4 ,,thomas ,,hill1 ,d4,d41  
,,ll4,d41 ,ex-,president of ,harvard4   
,as for life after death1 a life without
 breath1   ,though science says no1 ,i  
don't think it's so1   ,for 'tis well   
understood our ,god is too good   ,to   
create us and cherish1 and then let us  
perish4   #ag4 ,,prof4 ,,asaph ,,hall1  
,,ll4,d41 of the ,national ,observatory1
 ,washington4    ,metaphysics and       
science are still our reliance1         
,taking them for our guide1 we can't    
quite decide1   ,but as we incline1 a   
doctrine we find4   #ah4 ,,prof4        
,,elliott ,,coues1 ,m4,d41 ,ph4,d41     
,scientist and ,theosophist4    ,i think
 that science is bound to answer        
,every question that comes to hand1 sir4
   ,then why do some scientists fail to 
acknowledge   ,discoveries made outside 
of their college8   ,there's a reason   
for all things that come to pass1   ,and

 no man likes to be proved an ass2      
,and hence they refuse to agree with    
,st4 ,paul1   ,the spiritual body is all
 in all4   #ai4 ,,herbert ,,spencer1    
,british ,philosopher1 as reported by   
,rev4 ,m4 ,j4 ,savage4    ',tis all in a
 muddle we cannot make out1   ,nor does 
evolution diminish the doubt2   ,the    
facts that we get prove very refractory1
   ,and ,i cannot find anything quite   
satisfactory4   #bj4 ,,prof4 ,,charles  
,s4 ,,pierce1 ,a4,m41 of ,johns ,hopkins
 ,university1 7a voluminous reply74     
,i've looked this question through and  
through1   ,but for future life the     
prospect's blue4   ,psychic ,researchers
 have gathered up much1   ,but it       
crumbles to dust beneath my touch4      
',tis nothing but rubbish that ,society 
brings1   ,for the ghosts they have     
found are the stupidest things1   ,poor 
starveling idiots1 all of that ilk1     
,who are coming back here to cry over   
spilled milk4   ,serenely we smile at   
the lamp of ,aladdin1   ,and stories of 

ghosts about this world gadding4   ,yet 
after all1 ,i don't believe in ,spencer1
   ,in ,kant or in ,comte1 or in any of 
them1 sir2   ,nor in ,christendom's     
sacred and reverend creed1   ,though    
weaklings adopt it because they have    
need2   ,but ,i believe in this world's 
events1   ,and a life regulated by      
common sense4   #ba4 ,,daniel ,,coit    
,,gilman1 ,,ll4,d41 ,president of ,johns
 ,hopkins ,university4    ,man hath     
soul-freedom here on earth1   ,and from 
,almighty ,god hath birth2   ,therefore1
 should stand in faith sublime1   ,and  
fear no science of our time4   #bb4 ,f4 
,a4 ,p4 ,,barnard1 ,president of        
,columbia ,college1 ,new ,york4    ,your
 question stands outside of science1    
,of any science that is mine1   ,the    
only doctrine worth reliance1   ,comes  
from the old ,bible--,still ,divine4    
#bc4 ,,prof4 ,t4 ,,huxley1 ,british     
,philosopher1 etc4    ,if a soul works  
with brains1 can it work without8       
,would seem to be a matter somewhat in  

doubt4   ,if you know that it can1 pray 
tell me why8   ,if you know that it     
can't1 you know more than ,i4   ,you may
 answer such questions if you know how1 
,but ,i'll not wait a moment to hear you
 now6     ,,the ,,burning ,,question    
,,in ,,education4   ,if our left hand   
had been mangled1 and continued to be an
 inflamed1 ulcerating mass1 though      
carried in a sling and treated by all   
the surgeons of repute around us1--never
 through a long life giving any promise 
of restoration or even relief1--would   
not its restoration be the most         
prominent question in our minds8        
,society has a crushed1 ulcerous1 and   
painful hand upon which the doctors of  
the college and church have expended    
such skill as they have in their        
occasional perfunctory visits1 and the  
hand grows no better1 but rather worse1 
during the whole existence of the       
,american ,republic4  ,the existence of 
an increasing mass of crime1 pauperism1 
and insanity is the crushed and diseased

 hand of civilized society1 to which and
 to its obvious1 natural method of      
healing ,i have vainly endeavored1 in   
the ,new ,education1 to call the        
attention of our clergy and our         
teachers4 ,it is true that three        
editions of that book have been disposed
 of to the delight of progressive       
thinkers1 but it has made little        
impression on those who control public  
institutions and public opinion4 ,why is
 this8  ,there are sounds in nature too 
finely delicate to be heard by the      
average ear1 and rays beyond the violet 
too fine for the average human eye1     
though visible to those of superior     
nervous endowments4 ,so in the world of 
thought there are ethical conceptions   
too high and pure for the               
multitude1--conceptions so far away from
 their habitual life that they cannot   
appreciate or sympathize with them4     
,such conceptions constitute the ethical
 system of education1 which is competent
 to banish crime1 and to introduce a    

higher social condition1 as has been    
amply proved by its imperfect           
introduction in the ,lancaster1 ,ohio1  
and other reformatory schools4  ,why is 
not this made the prominent theme in    
every religious society1 as prominent as
 temperance8 ,true1 intemperance        
supplies us the majority of criminals1  
but when the criminal is prepared in the
 hot-bed of alcohol1 society transplants
 him into a richer soil1 impregnated    
with a greater amount of filth than the 
saloon1 and cultivates him into the     
full-blown1 hardened villain1 for whom  
there is nothing but a career of crime1 
very costly indeed to society4  ,why is 
this insane course pursued8 ,because    
society has not the ,christianity which 
it professes1 and the pulpit has not    
learned how to instil the ,divine law of
 love1 while the college cares nothing  
about it4  ,society itself is criminally
 indifferent1 and barbarously cruel4    
,its only thought in reference to its   
debased members is not their lost       

condition1 and how to redeem them1 but  
how to punish them revengefully for     
their evil deeds1 in imitation of the   
,divine ,demon whom orthodox theology   
recognizes as its model4 ,until society 
has enough of benevolence or enough of  
practical sagacity to get rid of this   
common impulse of brute life1 we shall  
continue to have an energetic1 skilful1 
and formidable army of criminals1 spread
 all over the land1 levying an immense  
tax upon respectable citizens1 and      
requiring an increasing army of police  
to restrain them4  ,the best discourse  
that has yet been preached in a ,boston 
pulpit was once delivered in ,trinity   
,church by the assistant minister1 ,mr4 
,allen1 a few weeks since1 which was    
made the basis of an admirable article  
on our prisoners in the ,banner of      
,light of ,april #b4 ,mr4 ,allen treated
 this subject in the spirit of the ,new 
,education1 showing that our penal      
system1 instead of reforming criminals1 
educates and perfects them in crime1    

under which system crime is continually 
and alarmingly increasing1 the          
statistics which he gives being of the  
same terrible character as those        
presented in the ,new ,education1       
showing that our demoralization is      
progressing beyond that of any other    
country4 ,his statistics1 which ,i have 
not examined in detail1 show that there 
were more than eight times as many      
prisoners in this country in #ahhj as   
there were in #ahej4 ,in ,massachusetts1
 and especially in ,boston1 the         
proportion of criminal population was   
still greater4  ,england1 having adopted
 a reformatory system1 has kept the     
criminal population in check1--brought  
it down to one in #ah1jjj1 while we have
 one to every #hcg1 because our prisons 
are colleges of crime instead of houses 
of reformation4 ,a criminal population  
of #e1jjj in ,massachusetts is kept     
under this debasing system1 excepting   
about #gjj in the reformatory at        
,concord and the women's prison at      

,sherburne4 ,our criminals are held for 
punishment amid evil influences1 and    
turned out only qualified to prey upon  
society again1 since they have the brand
 of shame upon them4  ,the only proper  
and wholesome view of this subject1 the 
only view compatible with ethical or    
religious principles1 is that our       
unfortunate criminal brethren need our  
loving care instead of vindictive hate4 
,they should never be sent to prison for
 any definite term of confinement1 as a 
punishment1 but1 like lunatics and      
pauper patients1 should be placed under 
care and control until they are cured4  
,every criminal who will not obey the   
law in freedom should be sent to prison 
for life1 under a kind and humane       
system1 there to earn his own support   
and in some cases to repay the damage he
 has done1 and in all cases to remain   
there until he has1 beyond all doubt1   
become so thoroughly reformed that he   
may be safely entrusted with freedom4   
,to encourage in the work of            

reformation1 he should be from time to  
time rewarded by enlargement of his     
privileges and enjoyments1 just in      
proportion as he proves himself worthy2 
and after enjoying partial freedom for  
years1 with faithful and exemplary      
deportment1 he should be granted full   
liberty1 on the sole condition of       
reporting himself at certain regular    
periods1 that a supervision may be      
retained over his conduct1 and          
confinement renewed if ever he should   
prove unworthy of entire freedom4  ,this
 system has been tried with entire      
success1 and travellers speak of seeing 
prisoners in ,ireland half emancipated1 
working in the fields1 whom they should 
not have distinguished from the common  
laborers4 ,that courageous              
philanthropist1 the late ,burnham       
,wardwell1 adopted a system of moral    
government in the ,virginia             
penitentiary1 under which punishment was
 almost abolished2 and he was able to   
send out convicts in the city1 under    

paroles1 without any doubt that they    
would faithfully return4 ,under a       
similar system at ,lancaster1 ,ohio1    
walls and locks were made unnecessary1  
and the youthful convicts went out      
freely1 when permitted to mingle with   
the neighboring youth4 ,when their      
reformation was completed1 which did not
 require over three years1 they went    
forth to lead an honest life2 and       
subsequent reports showed that they     
walked in the path of respectability and
 honor4  ,the mother's love never       
abandons the idiot and criminal2 but1   
alas6 society is neither mother nor     
father nor brother to its unfortunate   
members1 and hence society suffers1 as  
we ever suffer from violation of the    
,divine law4     ,,miscellaneous        
,,intelligence4   ,,bigotry ,,and       
,,liberality1 ,,theology ,,and          
,,religion4--,upon these subjects it is 
customary to find a mingling of         
contradictions4 ,leading ,new ,england  
literati1 who inherit all the narrowness

 and self-sufficiency of ,british       
conservatism1 are frequently impelled to
 utter expressions which would lead the 
reader to think them persons of liberal 
and progressive minds4 ,such expressions
 we find in the writings of ,dr4        
,holmes1 a thorough medical bigot and   
sceptic2 ,r4 ,w4 ,emerson1 who closed   
his eyes against modern spiritual       
science1 and adored the ignorance of    
,greece2 ,col4 ,higginson1 the most     
intolerant and scornful opponent of     
psychic science2 ,dr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,hedge and
 ,president ,elliot1 who represent the  
status of ,harvard ,college4 ,this was  
recently brought to mind by seeing the  
admirable expressions of ,dr4 ,hedge at 
the #aejth anniversary of ,west ,church1
 ,boston1 now under the ministry of     
,rev4 ,c4 ,a4 ,bartol4 ,for this church 
,dr4 ,hedge claims an unsectarian       
character4  ,dr4 ,hedge says1 ,let there
 be schools of dogmatic theology1 as    
many as you please1 but the church      
should not be a school of dogmatic      

theology4 ,it should be a school of     
practical ,christianity1 inspired1      
expounded1 and enforced by the pulpit4  
,i can conceive of a church which should
 be so undogmatic1 so unpolemic1 as to  
command the respect1 engage the         
interest1 and secure the co-operation of
 all who care less for the prevalence of
 their specialty than they do for the   
maintenance of public worship4 ,there is
 one ,boston pulpit at present conducted
 in this spirit1 but it is very feebly  
sustained4 ,there was another1 and it   
was occupied with brilliant ability1 but
 ,boston would not sustain it4 ,it is   
vacant now4 ,boston prefers theology to 
religion1 but it is growing slowly1 and 
there are pulpits that are slowly       
approaching the unsectarian             
position--very slowly2 while the ,rev4  
,mr4 ,j4 ,savage displays a refreshing  
freedom of thought1 and has been more   
successful than any other clergyman in  
carrying a large congregation with him1 
a solitary specimen of a successful     

though unsectarian teacher in ,boston4  
,,religious ,,news4--,during the past   
few months1 the ,chinese authorities in 
various parts of the empire have issued 
proclamations to the people1 calling on 
them to live at peace with ,christian   
missionaries and converts1 and          
explaining that the ,christian religion 
teaches men to do right1 and should     
therefore be respected4 ,these documents
 have been published in so many parts of
 ,china that it is probable that every  
viceroy in the eighteen provinces has   
received instructions on the subject1   
and that there is a concerted movement  
throughout the empire to bring all      
classes of the population to a knowledge
 of the dangers of persecuting          
missionaries and native ,christians1 and
 to remove popular delusions respecting 
the objects and teachings of ,christian 
missionaries4  ,the ,jesuits appear to  
meet with little toleration anywhere but
 in ,great ,britain4 ,the sultan has now
 issued a decree enacting that          

henceforth they are not to open any new 
schools in the ,ottoman empire1 that    
they are not to teach except in schools 
placed under the authority of the       
,porte1 and that all the schools now    
conducted by them are placed under the  
supervision of the ,state1 and must be  
subjected to a rigorous supervision4    
,divine worship is a somewhat costly    
affair in ,great ,britain1 says the     
,world4 ,the one hour's service in      
,westminster ,abbey on the #bast of     
,june1 when the great personages of the 
realm are to assemble for the purpose of
 prayer1 is to cost the moderate sum of 
#ajj1jjj4 ,commoners and ordinary people
 will not be admitted within the portals
 of the sacred edifice1 yet it is their 
pockets which will be taxed for the     
purpose of enabling the princes and     
lords to pray in due state for the      
preservation of the ,queen4  ,the       
monument to the memory of ,giordano     
,bruno in ,rome1 is completed1 but      
permission to erect it has been refused 

by the ,municipal ,council of that holy 
city4 ,this denial is easily explained  
when it is learned that a majority of   
the council are clergymen1 or under     
their influence4  ,governor ,marmaduke  
has signed the bill recently passed by  
the ,missouri legislature1 making       
,sunday virtually a ,puritanical        
,sabbath4 ,a powerful protest was       
presented to the ,governor1 respectfully
 requesting him not to sign the         
obnoxious bill1 but it seems he yielded1
 says the ,jewish ,times1 to the wishes 
of a few fanatics1 backed by scheming   
politicians4   ,,abolishing             
,,slavery4--,it is pleasant to learn    
that the movement in favor of abolishing
 slavery in ,brazil is making excellent 
progress1 despite some discouragements4 
,long ago the ,legislature fixed the    
date by which every slave in the empire 
must be freed2 but the chamber of       
deputies1 acting in opposition to the   
senate1 has lately put a strange        
interpretation upon certain of the      

clauses of the most recent law upon the 
subject1 which will have the effect of  
delaying the latest day of              
enfranchisement a further #ah months4   
,the ,brazilian public has expressed    
great indignation at this ill-advised   
action2 and1 by way of protest1 the     
recent progress of the emperor          
throughout the province of ,san ,paulo  
was made the occasion of liberating many
 slaves at the cost of the local        
municipalities4 ,when a prominent       
abolitionist1 ,senator ,bonifacio1 of   
,santos1 died1 recently1 his native town
 honored his memory by enfranchising the
 whole of the slaves within its         
jurisdiction4 ,herein ,santos was but   
following the example of the provinces  
of ,ceara and the ,amazons1 in both of  
which the last slave was freed some     
years ago4 ,it is1 perhaps1 wise to add 
that the slave-owners are being quite   
fairly treated in the way of            
compensation4--,st4 ,james ,gazette4    
,bokhara the noble1 the richest1 most   

enlightened1 and most holy of all       
,mahommedan nations in ,central ,asia1  
and beyond it1 has just officially      
declared the complete abolition of      
slavery4 ,up to the present this curse  
had not altogether disappeared1 although
 it was generally assumed that1 since   
,russia secured control over the        
,ameer's country1 it had quite ceased to
 exist4  ,fourteen years ago1 ,m4       
,eugene ,schuyler1 the author of        
,turkestan1 in order to demonstrate to  
the ,russian government that its        
prestige had not put a stop to the slave
 trade1 as was then alleged1 purchased a
 young boy slave for one hundred        
roubles1 the average price of the human 
article in ,bokhara1 and brought him to 
,st4 ,petersburg4 ,the boy was          
subsequently apprenticed to a ,tartar   
watchmaker1 and later became a convert  
to the ,russian church4 ,according to a 
letter in the ,russian ,official        
,gazette1 the young ,ameer's decree1    
finally freeing all the bondmen within  

his dominion1 was promulgated ,nov4 #ai1
 #ahhf4   ,,old ,,fogy ,,biography4--,it
 seems that biography as well as history
 will have to be re-written in the light
 of modern progress4 ,appleton's        
,cyclopedia of ,american ,biography has 
sent out its first volume1 edited by    
,gen4 ,wilson and ,prof4 ,john ,fiske4  
,the sources of this volume do not      
promise much liberality1 and the first  
volume does not show it4 ,while         
professing to record the lives of all   
who are eminent or noteworthy1 it       
fulfils this promise by recording many  
who are not very eminent or noteworthy2 
indeed1 ,mr4 ,lowell says1 by way of    
commendation1 that he has hunted for    
obscure names and found them4 ,what then
 is the reason of the omission of the   
,hon4 ,cassius ,m4 ,clay1 our former    
minister to ,russia1 one of the most    
conspicuous figures for many years in   
,american politics and par excellence1  
the lion of the struggle which ended in 
negro emancipation8 ,his life1 recently 

published is a volume of fascinating and
 romantic interest4 ,mr4 ,clay might    
treat this omission as the old ,roman   
said of having a statue in the          
forum--that he would rather men should  
ask why he had no statue there1 than to 
ask why his statue was there4 ,dr4      
,joseph ,rodes ,buchanan is briefly     
noticed1 his name incorrectly spelled1 a
 catalogue of his publications given1   
and a volume attributed to him which was
 written by the notorious ,dr4 ,john    
,buchanan of ,philadelphia4 ,but nothing
 is said of the new school of           
philosophy1 or of the new sciences1     
established by ,dr4 ,buchanan4          
,evidently this is old fogy biography4  
,the editors have gathered their        
material with a scoop1 unable to        
distinguish between dirt1 pebbles and   
jewels4 ,nevertheless they have made a  
valuable record if not a fair one4      
,,legal ,,responsibility ,,in           
,,somnolent ,,conditions4--,in the      
,academy of ,medicine at ,paris1 ,dr4   

,mesnet made a report of his experience 
in hypnotism1 showing that somnambulic  
or mesmeric subjects were not           
accountable for their acts in that      
condition4 ,in this case1 the patient1 a
 youth of nineteen years1 had been      
subject to somnambulic attacks in which 
he acted strangely1 and1 on one         
occasion1 had openly taken several      
articles of furniture from a shop1 for  
which he was arrested1 when he fell     
again into somnolence and was sent to   
the ,hotel ,dieu4 ,dr4 ,mesnet1 for an  
experiment1 gazed firmly at him1 and got
 him in magnetic rapport and then       
ordered him to steal the watch of one of
 the students the next day4 ,he         
manifested a great deal of repugnance to
 this command1 but yielded1 and the next
 day came with the student1 with whom he
 talked4 ,after a time he fixed his eyes
 on the student's watch and appeared    
mentally agitated1 his breathing        
hurried1 and his limbs trembling1 his   
face red in one part and pallid in      

another4 ,in this condition1 he put     
forth his hand in an indecisive manner1 
stole the watch1 put it in his          
pantaloons pocket1 and ran down the     
stairs1 where he was arrested and       
wakened up4 ,he indignantly denied the  
theft1 and fell into such agitation it  
required a number to hold him4 ,he fell 
again into the hypnotic state from which
 they could not rouse him then1 as it   
was owing to a mental cause4 ,dr4 ,m4   
concluded by showing the importance of  
this matter being understood by         
magistrates that they may not punish    
irresponsible parties4   ,,pasteur',s   
,,cure ,,for ,,hydrophobia4--,i am by no
 means convinced that ,m4 ,pasteur has  
really discovered a remedy for          
hydrophobia1 says ,labouchere in the    
,london ,truth4 ,the ,anti-,vivisection 
,society has published a tabular        
statement1 which shows that from ,march1
 #ahhe1 to the present date1 #fc persons
 who have been treated by his system    
have died4 ,against this1 ,i should like

 to know how many persons really        
suffering from hydrophobia have been    
cured by it4  ,the immense interest of  
the medical profession and the public in
 ,pasteur's method of inoculation with  
hydrophobia virus is due mainly to the  
,stolid ,skepticism of the medical      
profession4 ,other methods of cure have 
been far more successful1 but they have 
been shamefully neglected1 for medical  
colleges are always indifferent1 if not 
hostile to improvements not originating 
in their own clique4 ,the cures that    
have been effected by the use of        
,scutellaria 7,skull-cap71 and of       
,xanthium are far beyond anything       
achieved by inoculation4 ,i recollect   
many reports published by farmers1 about
 sixty years ago1 of their cures of     
hydrophobia by skull-cap4  ,the latest  
statement concerning ,pasteurism is that
 of ,miss ,frances ,power ,cobbe1 who   
writes to the ,london ,globe3  ,ramon   
was not the forty-fifth1 but the        
seventy-sixth patient who had died after

 receiving the ,pasteurian treatment for
 hydrophobia4 ,of these seventy-six     
victims thirty-nine were inoculated in  
,paris under the first method1 seventeen
 in ,russia and twenty in ,paris under  
the second or 'intensive' method4 ,for  
the verification of this statement ,i   
beg to enclose a complete list of all   
the patients1 with dates of death1 and  
authority for each record4 ,your readers
 who may be interested in the bursting  
of this huge medical bubble of          
,pasteurism will do well to procure the 
book just published in ,paris1 ',m4     
,pasteur et la ,rage1' by ,m4 ,zutand1  
editor of the ,journal de ,medecine4 ,it
 proves pretty clearly that ,m4 ,pasteur
 does not cure rabies1 but gives it by  
his inoculation in a new and no less    
deadly form1 bearing the ominous title  
of ',rage de ,laboratoire4'   ,,lulu    
,,hurst4--,this wonderful medium who    
displayed such astonishing muscular     
powers has changed her name4 ,mrs4      
,buchanan psychometrically described and

 explained her wonderful powers1 and    
predicted that they would soon cease4 ,a
 ,southern newspaper says3  ,paul ,m4   
,atkinson1 of ,chattanooga1 ,tenn41 who 
achieved quite a reputation as manager  
of ,lulu ,hurst1 the young lady who     
possessed such marvellous magnetic      
powers1 was married to that lady a few  
days ago at her home near ,cedartown1   
,ga4 ,miss ,hurst1 since her wonderful  
power deserted her1 has been attending  
school1 and graduated in ,december last4
 ,it is reported that the fortune of    
#bjj1jjj she amassed while on the stage 
has been trebled since by lucky         
investments4   ,,land ,,monopoly4--,the 
,kansas ,city ,times publishes a list of
 the leading foreign corporations that  
own lands in the ,united ,states1       
showing an aggregate of #bj1gdj1jjj     
acres1 equal to more than one-half of   
,england4 ,well1 ,americans may as well 
work to support foreign as home idlers2 
but a generation is nearing the voting  
age that will object to doing either4   

,,marriage ,,in ,,mexico4--,a newspaper 
correspondent from ,california1 writes3 
,you may not be aware1 as ,i was not    
till recently1 that ,juarez1 the        
native-blood ,president of ,mexico      
acting1 ,i presume1 under authority of  
,congress1 decreed that all children    
born1 or that should be born in ,mexico1
 should be legitimate1 regardless of all
 laws of the ,church or ,state4 ,so     
rigorous1 expensive1 and despotic had   
become the control of the clergy that   
not one in ten of the children of       
,mexico were born 'legitimate1' the     
people did not marry4 ,this stroke of   
the ,state at the ,church was the 'holy 
terror' that broke its back2 but it     
liberated the people1 and settled the   
differences between the 'higher' and    
lower classes in a manner that has left 
marriage in ,mexico in the hands of the 
contracting parties where it properly   
belongs4   ,,the ,,grand                
,,symposium4--,the wise 787 men express 
themselves in our symposium upon        

immortality4 ,their utter blindness to  
the grand displays of immortality1 which
 have long challenged attention1 and    
their reference to every obscure and    
blind path for its search1 remind one of
 ,carlyle's expression in reference to  
,comte4 ,i found him to be one of those 
men who go up in a balloon and take a   
lighted candle to look at the stars4    
,what a deep shadow upon the            
intellectual landscape of ,america is   
seen in this picture of collegiate      
ignorance in contrast with foreign      
enlightenment4 ,while the sovereigns of 
,england1 ,france1 and ,russia have been
 communing with the higher world1 our   
college presidents have their heads and 
eyes covered with the cowl of monkish   
superstition and ignorance4  ,surely the
 search for truth is the most imperative
 of duties for those who are chosen to  
lead the rising generation4 ,they who   
fail in this duty are as guilty as the  
sentinels who sleep or carouse upon     
their posts4 ,the eloquent words of     

,rev4 ,j4 ,k4 ,applebee are appropriate 
to such offences3 ,the man who is not   
true to the highest thing within him1   
does a treble wrong4 ,he wrongs himself2
 he wrongs all whom he might have       
influenced for good2 he wrongs all the  
willing workers for humanity by heaping 
on their shoulders extra toils and extra
 responsibilities4 ,what is the         
difference between the ,barnard1 ,hill1 
,gilman1 ,elliott1 ,newcomb1 ,youmans1  
and their sympathizers to-day1 and the  
old time opponents of ,galileo1         
,columbus1 and ,harvey4 ,the men who    
rely upon learning or memory represent  
the past1 while those who rely upon     
investigation and intuition represent   
the future4 ,they are ever in conflict1 
and ever illustrate the truth of        
,goethe's remark that ,error belongs to 
the libraries1 truth to the human mind4 
,a ,,new ,,mussulman ,,empire has been  
established on the ,red ,sea1 east of   
the territory occupied by the followers 
of the ,mahdi4 ,mohammed ,abu is the    

,sultan1 and ,kassala is his residence4 
,his army has #hjjj men4                
,,psychometric ,,imposture4--,those who 
wish to understand and practice         
psychometry should avoid being duped by 
an ignorant pretender who professes to  
develop their psychometric faculties--a 
pretence which is a self-evident        
imposition4   ,,our ,,tobacco           
,,bill4--,the ,american ,grocer         
estimates the total annual expenditure  
for tobacco in the ,united ,states1 at  
#bef1ejj1jjj4 ,the estimates of cost are
 as follows3 ,liquor1 #gjj1jjj1jjj2     
tobacco1 #bef1ejj1jjj2 sugar1           
#ahg1jjj1jjj2 coffee1 tea1 and cocoa1   
#acj1jjj1jjj2 schools1 #aaj1jjj1jjj4    
,,extinct ,,animals4--,wonderful bones  
have been dug up in ,spokane ,county1   
,washington ,territory--nine mammoths1 a
 cave bear1 hyenas1 extinct birds1 and a
 sea turtle4 ,one of the tusks measured 
twelve feet nine inches long1 and       
twenty-seven inches round1 weighing #bie
 pounds4 ,some of the ribs were eight   

feet long4 ,the molar teeth weighed     
eighteen pounds each4 ,the pelvic arch  
was six feet across2 a man could walk   
through it erect4 ,the monster was      
estimated to be eighteen and one-half   
feet high1 and to weigh twenty tons4    
,,education is making great progress in 
,france4 ,the number of colleges and the
 number of children at school are       
greatly increased4 ,there are now five  
and a quarter millions attending primary
 schools4 ,politicians claim that       
whenever the people in a department are 
well educated they become republicans4  
,,genesis ,,of ,,the ,,brain            
7,continued from page #cb47   ,is there 
anything miraculous or extravagant in   
believing that this invisible           
potentiality1 which has such magical    
transforming and developing power1 but  
which has never been known to arise from
 combinations of matter1 has an origin  
which is1 like itself1 spiritual8 ,for  
we can obtain matter from matter1 and   
spirit from spirit1 but never obtain    

spirit or life from dead matter4  ,the  
genesis of the human brain is therefore 
a microcosmic epitome of the macrocosmic
 evolution1 controlled by the           
over-soul--the ,divine power1 of which  
we know so little4  ,to return to the   
embryo brain1 which gives us visibly the
 epitome of the evolution of vertebrated
 animals1--why is it not also an epitome
 of the entire animal kingdom1 from the 
radiata1 articulata1 and mollusca to the
 vertebrata1 instead of representing the
 evolution of vertebrates alone8 ,it may
 be so4 ,it may be that man and other   
animals in germination pass through all 
stages1 from the lowest to the highest2 
but the microscope cannot reveal the    
fact1 for the jelly-like or fluid       
conditions of the nervous system during 
the first month after conception do not 
enable us to discover any organization  
or outline from which anything can be   
learned4 ,and yet1 from certain         
interesting experiments in sarcognomy   
which have never been performed except  

by myself or my pupils1 ,i am disposed  
to believe that the germinal process of 
man goes beyond the beginning of the    
animal kingdom1 and that he retains in  
his constitution spiritual elements     
which might not improperly be called1   
not a photograph1 but a psychograph of  
the entire animal kingdom1--yea1 of     
everything that lives1 and even of the  
mineral elements that have no life4     
,these things are wonderful and grand   
indeed1 but the self-sufficient powers  
that rule the world of human society    
have no desire to know them1 and hence  
,i have been content to enjoy them      
alone1 or with a few enlightened        
friends4  ,it is in the second month of 
life in the womb that the fish form of  
brain is distinctly apparent1 as shown  
by ,tiedemann4 ,the fish form is that in
 which we have only a rudiment of the   
cerebrum1 which is so large in man4     
,behind the little cerebrum1 which is   
smaller than the bulb of the olfactory  
nerve1 we have the middle brain or optic

 lobes1 which give origin to the optic  
nerves1 and behind them the cerebellum4 
,let it be understood that the cerebrum 
is the psychic brain1 the cerebellum the
 physiological brain1 and the optic     
lobes the intermediate or               
psycho-physiological brain1 not         
sufficient to give the animal its       
character and propensities1 but         
sufficient to guide it in swimming      
about4  ,illustration  ,what the        
cerebrum is when fully developed in man 
has already been shown2 what it is in   
the fishy stage of development1 when it 
is the smaller portion of the brain1 may
 be understood by a dissection given in 
,serres ,anatomie ,comparee du ,cerveau1
 representing the brain of the codfish  
dissected or opened from above4 ,in this
 figure ,h is the spinal cord1 ,e the   
cerebellum1 ,c the optic lobes divided1 
and ,b the cerebrum divided1 showing the
 radiating fibres of the corpus         
striatum1 m1 from which the cerebrum    
begins its development4  ,when animal   

life reaches a high development1 the    
functions which are diffused become     
concentrated into special organs4       
,intelligence or psychic life is        
concentrated in the cerebrum1 and       
entirely removed from the spinal cord4  
,the physiological energy apart from the
 psychic1 is concentrated in the        
cerebellum1 and thus the intermediate   
psycho-physiological organ1 the optic   
lobes or quadrigemina1 being no longer  
important1 dwindles to become the       
smallest part of the brain4             
,illustration3 ,,explanation4--,in the  
codfish1 roach1 and flounder1 ,,ii is   
the cerebellum1 n the optic lobes1 in   
front of which is the cerebrum1 from    
which the olfactory nerve extends       
forward4 ,behind the cerebellum is the  
superior end of the spinal cord4 ,the   
letter c is placed on the restiform     
bodies or posterior part of the medulla 
oblongata of the cod4 ,the engravings   
show the upper surfaces of the brains1  
as we look down upon them4  ,if the     

reader will look at the sketch of the   
brains of the codfish1 flounder1 and    
roach1 as figured by ,spurzheim1 he will
 see in each a very small cerebrum1 a   
larger cerebellum1 and still larger     
middle brain or optic lobes4 ,this is   
the model on which the human brain is   
first developed1 when in the second     
month it becomes possible to study it   
with the microscope4 ,it presents to    
view in the third month three vesicles  
of soft neurine1 the one which is to    
form the cerebellum being larger than   
that which is to become the cerebrum4   
,these are three brains of different    
grades1 formed alike on the same        
vesicular plan4 ,the resemblance of the 
optic lobes to the cerebrum is very     
striking1 and when we open them we see  
what corresponds to the lateral         
ventricles of the cerebrum1 with a      
structure at the bottom corresponding in
 position and character with the        
inferior ganglion of the cerebrum4 ,the 
subdivision of function is similar to   

that of the cerebrum1 the anterior      
portion of these lobes being of an      
intellectual1 perceptive character1 and 
the posterior the seat of the impulses4 
,this has been demonstrated also in the 
experiments of vivisectors1 in which the
 irritation of the posterior part has   
produced a vocal utterance or bark4     
,spurzheim gives a view of the brain of 
the pike with an optic lobe partially   
opened1 to show the ventricle4  ,the    
cerebellum or physiological brain is    
formed on the same general plan1 having 
its energetic or forcible functions in  
the posterior inferior regions1 and its 
more sensitive functions located        
anteriorly4  ,in the embryo of twelve   
weeks a great advance has taken place2  
the optic lobes or quadrigemina are     
still large1 but the cerebrum is larger 
than all the remainder4 ,still1 it has  
not yet developed what might be called  
frontal and occipital lobes4 ,the basis 
of the middle lobe1 which is the most   
physiological portion of the cerebrum1  

being devoted to the sensibility1       
appetites1 and muscular impulses1 is    
that which first presents itself1 being 
the first outgrowth from the great      
inferior ganglion or summit of the      
spinal system4 ,as human brains         
degenerate to a lower type they         
approximate this form4 ,the frontal and 
occipital lobes dwindle and the         
principal mass remaining is that in the 
basis of the skull between the ears4 ,we
 see this form distinctly in congenital 
idiots4 ,the embryo cerebrum here       
represented measures but three lines    
vertically1 four lines in length1 and   
five lines in thickness4 7,the line is  
the twelfth of an inch47 ,the nerve     
membrane of this hollow cerebrum is     
barely a fourth of a line thick4 ,the   
cerebellum1 formed in the same way by   
projection from the summit of the spinal
 cord1 making two leaves that come      
together on the median line1 has also a 
cavity contained between them1 and just 
behind the medulla oblongata1 which is  

finally reduced to the little space     
called the fourth ventricle1 when the   
cerebellum grows to become a solid body4
  ,illustration3 #ab ,weeks  ,the growth
 of the cerebrum and cerebellum into    
solid bodies instead of vesicles is     
effected by the folding together of the 
primitive membrane as furrows appear    
upon its surface1 by which it is changed
 into folds or convolutions1 each of    
which 7like the fold of a ruffle7 may be
 cut out from its neighbors and opened  
from its inner side1 like a book4 ,it   
resembles a book also in the fact that  
it contains innumerable ideas or psychic
 elements1 and the psychometer might    
read from each convolution as a book the
 impressions recorded in it4 ,in its    
place in the brain it is like a book in 
a library2 and as the book offers on its
 back a title expressive of its         
contents1 so we label each convolution  
with its proper title4  ,in addition to 
the folding process1 a complex growth of
 fibres uniting in the corpus callosum  

completes the solidification1 but not so
 thoroughly as to prevent our reopening 
and spreading out the convolutions by   
exercising a little dexterity4 ,this was
 a puzzle to some of the anatomists in  
the time of ,gall1 but ,i have found no 
difficulty in opening out the           
convolutions to the extent of five or   
six inches square4 ,the cerebellum1 too1
 though its ventricle is obliterated1 is
 susceptible also of a manipulation1    
showing that it has some traces of its  
original formation4  ,from the twelve   
weeks embryo to those of twenty-one     
weeks and of seven months we trace a    
progressive development and a           
commencement of the furrows that form   
the convolutions4  ,thus we perceive in 
the essential plan of the brain its two 
organs1 cerebrum and cerebellum1 are    
hollow spheres which grow gradually into
 solid bodies1 filling their interior   
cavities1 of which the lateral          
ventricles in the cerebrum1 which have  
been explained1 are the remnants4  ,the 

great importance of these anatomical    
details arises from the fact that they  
show us the true central region of the  
brain from which its development must be
 determined2 and although this work1    
designed for the general reader1 cannot 
say much of the brain1 it is necessary  
to show its true conformation to enable 
us to estimate the living brain         
correctly1 so as to describe accurately 
living men1 study the forms of crania1  
and derive some profit in ethnological  
studies from the forms of crania which  
to the ethnologists of the present time 
are of very little value or             
significance1 since they neither have   
nor claim a knowledge of the psychic    
functions of the brain4 ,i trust1       
therefore1 my readers will not neglect  
these anatomical memoranda1 which they  
will find very valuable4  ,illustration3
 #ba ,weeks #g ,months2 ,in the brain of
 seven months1 the right hemisphere is  
out open horizontally1 showing the      
ventricle4  ,i am not aware that any    

anatomical1 physiological1 or           
phrenological writer has given the      
exposition of the principles of cerebral
 development which ,i have been         
presenting for nearly half a century1   
although the anatomical facts are patent
 to all who choose to examine cerebral  
embryology1 and think of what dissection
 reveals1 instead of being thoughtlessly
 occupied in the mere details of        
dissection without rising to a          
comprehension of the ,divine plan4      
,indeed1 the phrenological school have  
positively misconceived and misstated   
the principles of cerebral development4 
,we can hardly be said to have had any  
phrenological anatomists since the time 
of ,gall and ,spurzheim sufficiently    
interested in comparative human         
development to trace its basis in       
anatomy1 for the able work of ,solly    
presented the brain solely as seen by   
the science of dissection1 and not by   
the science of development and psychic  
function4  ,gall and ,spurzheim1        

understanding cerebral structure        
themselves1 failed to state certain     
principles which were necessary to guard
 against misconception2 and they did not
 realize its necessity1 because their   
methods did not include the functions of
 the base of the brain4 ,mr4 ,george    
,combe1 who has been the great popular  
exponent of their system1 for which he  
was well qualified by his clear1        
philosophic mind1 adopted the erroneous 
idea1 in which he has been followed by  
all subsequent writers on the subject1  
that the cerebral organs were to be     
regarded as so many cones1 starting from
 their apex at the medulla oblongata and
 extending to their base at the surface 
of the skull4 ,hence their development  
was to be estimated by measuring the    
distance 7with a pair of callipers7 from
 the cavity of the ear 7which           
corresponds very nearly to the medulla  
oblongata7 to the locations of the      
organs on the frontal superior and      
posterior surfaces of the head4  ,in my 

first study of phrenology over fifty    
years ago1 ,i adopted this method1 and  
diligently measured heads with          
callipers1 relying on the results1 until
 ,i found them decidedly erroneous4 ,i  
came upon the astounding fact that the  
head of a prominent citizen of ,new     
,orleans1 when measured in this way1    
indicated by the height of the upper    
region a character entitling him to rank
 among the saints1 when in fact he was  
notorious for the unrestrained energy of
 his violent and vicious propensities4  
,engaging then in more careful study and
 dissection of the brain1 ,i found why  
the rule was so deceptive2 as the       
basilar region is developed below the   
ventricles1 giving depth1 while the     
coronal region developed above gives    
height1 and the measurement from the ear
 to the top of the head included both   
depth and height1 it might be a very    
large measurement from animal           
predominance or basilar depth alone1 as 
it was in the case that first revealed  

the error of ,mr4 ,combe4  ,in such     
cases of animal predominance we find    
that the moral region does not rise     
above the forehead1 but runs back flat  
without elevation1 while the depth of   
the ear below the level of the brain and
 the massiveness of the base of the     
brain running into a large neck show    
plainly that the animal organs rule4    
,in the more noble characters1 the      
rounded elevation of the coronal region1
 combined with the moderate depth and   
thickness of the base of the brain1 make
 it easy to see that their vertical     
measurement is due to height and not to 
depth4 ,the great error of the          
phrenological school has been in        
estimating moral development by the     
total vertical measurement1 and         
estimating animal development without   
regard to depth1 which is its chief     
indication4  ,illustration  ,in a       
profile view1 a line drawn from the     
middle of the forehead backward1        
horizontally1 is sufficiently near the  

line of the lateral ventricles to enable
 us to compare the upward and downward  
development of the brain4 ,in the two   
profiles here presented we see a marked 
difference of character illustrated by  
drawing a line back horizontally from   
the brow4 ,the head in front1 which is  
that of a private citizen of excellent  
character1 named ,smith1 ,i obtained in 
,florida nearly fifty years ago4 ,at the
 same time ,i obtained the other1 which 
is that of a ,french count who lost his 
life on the coast of ,florida by wreck  
when engaged in a contraband slave trade
 with ,cuba4 ,in the count we observe   
much less elevation and much greater    
depth4 ,he is especially deficient in   
,benevolence4  ,in proportion as men or 
animals rise in the scale of virtue the 
brain is developed above the level of   
the face1 and in proportion as they     
incline to gross brutality the          
development falls behind the face2 and  
there is no exception to this law1      
either in quadrupeds1 birds1 or         

reptiles4 ,indeed1 notwithstanding the  
smallness of the brains of fishes1 their
 portraits show that this law applies   
also to them--as if nature had          
determined to warn mankind of the       
character of every animal4 ,alas for the
 dulness of human observers6 ,our       
naturalists and anatomists have said not
 one word of the most conspicuous fact  
that may be seen in the general survey  
of the animal kingdom4#c      #c ,the   
reader may naturally ask why have ,i not
 demonstrated     this assertion before 
the scientific world4 ,the reason is1   
that dogmatism rules in the sphere of   
natural science1 and no                 
communication would receive fair        
treatment which contravened     the     
opinions of editors or the mass of      
prevalent opinion in     colleges and   
scientific societies4 ,it would be      
peremptorily     rejected from our      
leading scientific magazine1 the        
,popular     ,science ,monthly4  ,to    
return to the theory of cerebral        

development3 ,the reader will understand
 by referring to the last chapter that  
the summit of the spinal system or great
 inferior ganglion of the brain1 bearing
 the names of optic thalami and corpora 
striata1 is the true beginning of the   
cerebrum1 instead of the medulla        
oblongata1 which does not contain the   
fibres of the cerebral organs4 ,and as  
this beginning is a little in front of  
the ear and its first radiating fibres  
are nearly on the horizontal line just  
mentioned1 it follows that we may locate
 accordingly a centre from which        
cerebral development may be estimated2  
and when we take this true centre we may
 describe around it a circle1 and find  
that the circle singularly coincides    
with the outline of the cranium1 so that
 if we add to that circle the outlines  
of the nose1 mouth1 and chin1 we have   
sketched a well-developed head of strong
 character1 and ascertained the method  
of studying the development of the      
brain1 which has so remarkably been     

overlooked4  ,illustration  ,no one can 
begin the study of brain development in 
men and animals guided by a correct     
system without being delighted with the 
uniform accuracy of the science2 for    
even the incomplete and inaccurate      
science of ,gall and ,spurzheim1 marred 
in its application by misconceptions of 
anatomy1 has proved sufficiently correct
 and instructive to maintain its hold   
upon the minds of all students of       
nature1 by giving them more truth than  
error1 and sometimes giving the truth   
with marvellous accuracy4 ,the errors   
they did not attempt to investigate4#d  
#d ,i would merely mention1 as a        
familiar example of such     errors1    
that an enlightened student of          
phrenology called upon     me yesterday1
 to whom phrenologists had given the    
character of     avaricious selfishness 
and an incapacity for friendship1 which 
indeed was the correct application of   
the old system1 but was     the reverse 
of his true character4 ,the old system  

did not     explain friendship          
correctly1 and entirely mislocated the  
organ of avarice by placing it in the   
temples4 ,the gentlemen     had never   
before received a correct description   
from     phrenologists he had visited4  
,,business ,,department4   ,the         
establishment of a new ,journal is a    
hazardous and expensive undertaking4    
,every reader of this volume receives   
what has cost more than he pays for it1 
and in addition receives the product of 
months of editorial1 and many years of  
scientific1 labor4 ,may ,i not therefore
 ask his aid in relieving me of this    
burden by increasing the circulation of 
the ,journal among his friends8  ,the   
establishment of the ,journal was a     
duty4 ,there was no other way           
effectively to reach the people with its
 new sphere of knowledge4 ,buckle has   
well said in his ,history of            
,civilization1 that ,no great political 
improvement1 no great reform1 either    
legislative or executive1 has ever been 

originated in any country by its ruling 
class4 ,the first suggestors of each    
steps have invariably been bold and able
 thinkers1 who discern the abuse1       
denounce it1 and point out the remedy4  
,this is equally true in science1       
philanthropy1 and religion4 ,when the   
advance of knowledge and enlightenment  
of conscience render reform or          
revolution necessary1 the ruling powers 
of college1 church1 government1 capital1
 and the press1 present a solid combined
 resistance which the teachers of novel 
truth cannot overcome without an appeal 
to the people4 ,the grandly             
revolutionary science of ,anthropology1 
which offers in one department          
7,psychometry7 the dawn of a new        
civilization1 and in other departments  
an entire revolution in social1 ethical1
 educational1 and medical philosophy1   
has experienced the same fate as all    
other great scientific and philanthropic
 innovations1 in being compelled to     
sustain itself against the mountain mass

 of established error by the power of   
truth alone4 ,the investigator whose    
life is devoted to the evolution of the 
truth cannot become its propagandist4 ,a
 whole century would be necessary to the
 full development of these sciences to  
which ,i can give but a portion of one  
life4 ,upon those to whom these truths  
are given1 who can intuitively perceive 
their value1 rests the task of          
sustaining and diffusing the truth4     
,the circulation of the ,journal is     
necessarily limited to the sphere of    
liberal minds and advanced thinkers1 but
 among these it has had a more warm and 
enthusiastic reception than was ever    
before given to any periodical4 ,there  
must be in the ,united ,states twenty or
 thirty thousand of the class who would 
warmly appreciate the ,journal1 but they
 are scattered so widely it will be     
years before half of them can be reached
 without the active co-operation of my  
readers1 which ,i most earnestly        
request4  ,prospectuses and specimen    

numbers will be furnished to those who  
will use them1 and those who have       
liberal friends not in their own        
vicinity may confer a favor by sending  
their names that a prospectus or        
specimen may be sent them4 ,a liberal   
commission will be allowed to those who 
canvass for subscribers4   ,enlargement 
of the ,journal4  ,the requests of      
readers for the enlargement of the      
,journal are already coming in4 ,it is a
 great disappointment to the editor to  
be compelled each month to exclude so   
much of interesting matter1 important to
 human welfare1 which would be          
gratifying to its readers4 ,the second  
volume therefore will be enlarged to #fd
 pages at #b per annum4   ,irene1 or the
 road to ,freedom4 #fab pages1 #a2      
published by ,h4 ,n4 ,fowler1 #aabc     
,arch street1 ,philadelphia2 called the 
,uncle ,tom's ,cabin of ,woman ,slavery4
 ,ostensibly a novel1 it is a           
doctrinaire book1 presenting a series of
 almost impossible incidents to enable  

the characters to present their ideas of
 woman's rights and wrongs and conjugal 
relations4 ,the full development of the 
writer's doctrines 7who is a woman7 is  
postponed to another volume4 ,the ideas 
in this would please only the most      
extreme radicals4 ,the ,journal is      
over-loaded with its special themes1 and
 has not room for discussions of such   
subjects4   ,,college ,,of              
,,therapeutics4  ,the eighth session is 
now in progress with an intelligent     
class4 ,the ninth session will begin    
next ,november4 ,i do not approve of    
medical legislation1 but if it could be 
considered just to prohibit medical     
practice without a college education1 it
 would be much more just to prohibit    
magnetic and electric practice without  
such practical instruction as is given  
in the ,college of ,therapeutics and at 
present nowhere else4         99        
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,,light ,,on ,,the ,,way4      ,,geo4   
,a4 ,,fuller1 ,editor and ,publisher4   

,,mrs4 ,g4 ,,davenport ,,stevens1 ,asst4
 ,editor4                               
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 him and others in over #cjj1jjj cases  
successfully4 ,the youngest child1 the  
most sensitive lady1 and those having   
heart disease1 and lung complaint1      
inhale this vapor with impunity4 ,it    
stimulates the circulation of the blood 
and builds up the tissues4 ,indorsed by 
the highest authority in the            

professions1 recommended in midwifery   
and all cases of nervous prostration4   
,physicians1 surgeons1 dentists and     
private families supplied with this     
vapor1 liquefied1 in cylinders of       
various capacities4 ,it should be       
administered the same as ,nitrous       
,oxide1 but it does not produce headache
 and nausea as that sometimes does4 ,for
 further information pamphlets1         
testimonials1 etc41 apply to            
,,dr4 ,u4 ,k4 ,,mayo1 ,dentist1         
#cgh ,tremont ,st41 ,boston1 ,mass4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,,facts1                           ,a   
,,monthly ,,magazine1                   
,,devoted ,,to                          
,mental and ,spiritual ,phenomena1      
,,including              ,dreams1       
,mesmerism1 ,psychometry1 ,clairvoyance1
            ,clairaudience1             
,inspiration1 ,trance1 and ,physical    
,mediumship2 ,prayer1 ,mind1 and        
,magnetic                 ,healing2 and 
all classes of ,psychical               

,effects4                 ,single       
,copies1 #aj ,cents2 #a4jj per year4    
,,published ,,by                        
,facts ,publishing ,company1            
7,drawer #ecbc17 ,,boston1 ,,mass4      
,l4 ,l4 ,,whitlock1 ,editor4            
,for ,sale by ,,colby  ,,rich1 #i       
,bosworth ,street4         99       99  
99       99       99                    
,w4 ,f4 ,,richardson1                   
,,magnetic ,,physician1                 
#hge ,washington ,street1 ,boston4      
,having had several years' practice1 in 
which his powers as a healer have been  
tested1 and been surprising to himself  
and friends1 and having been thoroughly 
instructed in the science of            
,sarcognomy1 offers his services to the 
public with entire confidence that he   
will be able to relieve or cure all who 
apply4  ,for his professional success he
 refers to ,prof4 ,buchanan1 and to     
numerous citizens whose testimonials he 
can show4         99       99       99  
99       99                             

,,opium and ,,morphine                  
,,habits                                
,,easily ,,cured ,,by                   
,a ,,new ,,method4                      
,,dr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,hoffman1                
,,jefferson 444 ,,wisconsin4         99 
99       99       99       99           
,religio-,philosophical ,journal4       
,,established #ahfe4                    
,,published ,,weekly ,,at               
#ib ,la ,salle ,street1 ,chicago1       
,,by ,,john ,c4 ,,bundy1  ,,terms ,,of  
,,subscription ,,in ,,advance3  ,one    
copy1 one year   #b4ej  ,single copies1 
#e cents4 ,specimen copy free4  ,all    
letters and communications should be    
addressed1 and all remittances made     
payable to                       ,,john 
,c4 ,,bundy1 ,chicago1 ,ill4  ,a ,paper 
for all who ,sincerely and              
,intelligently ,seek ,truth without     
regard to ,sect or ,party4  ,press1     
,pulpit1 and ,people ,proclaim its      
,merits4  ,concurrent ,commendations    
from ,widely ,opposite ,sources4  ,is   

the ablest ,spiritualist paper in       
,america4444 ,mr4 ,bundy has earned the 
respect of all lovers of the truth1 by  
his sincerity and courage4--,boston     
,evening ,transcript4  ,i have a most   
thorough respect for the ,,journal1 and 
believe its editor and proprietor is    
disposed to treat the whole subject of  
spiritualism fairly4--,rev4 ,m4 ,j4     
,savage 7,unitarian7 ,boston4  ,i wish  
you the fullest success in your         
courageous course4--,r4 ,heber ,newton1 
,d4 ,d4  ,your course has made          
spiritualism respected by the secular   
press as it never has been before1 and  
compelled an honorable                  
recognition4--,hudson ,tuttle1 ,author  
and ,lecturer4  ,i read your paper every
 week with great interest4--,h4 ,w4     
,thomas1 ,d4 ,d41 ,chicago4  ,i         
congratulate you on the management of   
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as to the investigation of the          
phenomena4--,samuel ,watson1 ,d4 ,d41   
,memphis1 ,tenn4         99       99    

99       99       99                    
,,the ,,spiritual ,,offering1           
,,large ,,eight-,,page1 ,,weekly        
,,journal1 ,,devoted ,,to ,,the         
,,advocacy ,,of  ,,spiritualism ,,in    
,,its ,,religious1 ,,scientific1 ,,and  
,,humanitarian ,,aspects4               
,,col4 ,d4 ,m4 ,,fox1 ,publisher4       
,d4 ,m4  ,,nettie ,p4 ,,fox 4444        
,,editors4                              
,,editorial ,,contributors4  ,prof4     
,henry ,kiddle1 ,no4 #g ,east #acjth    
,st41 ,new ,york ,city4  ,ouina1 through
 her medium1 ,mrs4 ,cora ,l4 ,v4        
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,philosophical1 and ,spiritual subjects1
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through her medium1 ,mrs4 ,cora ,l4 ,v4 
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,address1                    ,,spiritual
 ,,offering1 ,ottumwa1 ,iowa         99 
99       99       99       99           
,transcriber's ,note3 ,the ,table of    
,contents came from the first     issue 
of the volume4 ,the article ,,genesis   
,,of ,,the ,,brain is     continued from
 the previous issue's page #cb4         
,liebault1     ,liebeault are retained  
as spelled in the quoted documents4