,,miracles ,,& ,,sup]natural ,,religion ,,by ,,james ,,morris ,,:iton1 ,,ph4,d4 7,,yale7 ,port5tum non fit contra naturam1 s$ contra quam e/ nota natura --,,augu/9e ,new ,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,london3 ,,macmillan ,,co41 ,,ltd4 #aijc ,all rights res]v$ ,,copyright1 #aijc1 ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company4 ,set up1 electrotyp$1 & publi%$ ,may1 #aijc4 ,norwood ,press ,j4 ,s4 ,cu%+ ,co4--,b]wick ,smi? ,co4 ,norwood1 ,mass41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,m9or typographical errors h be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,v>iant spell+s h be5 reta9$4 e repres5ts e ) upp] macron4 ,to ,m4 ,b4 ,w4 ,,prefatory ,,note ,:ile ! pres5t subject ( discussion tempts to _m an excursion into p>ticul>s1 its treatm5t is re/rict$ to g5]al outl9es1 ) an aim simply to cl>ify curr5t ideas ( miracle & ! sup]natural1 s z to f9d firm hold+ gr\nd = t5able positions 9 ! pres5t drift p]iod ( !ology4 ,! *ief exception made to ?is g5]al treatm5t is ! discussion giv5 to a class ( miracles reg>d$ ) z mu* incr$ulity z any1 yet z capable z any ( be+ accr$it$ z probably hi/orical ev5ts--! rais+s ( ! dead4 ,! insi/5ce ( "s writ]s on ! virg9 bir? & corporeal resurrection ( ,jesus z ess5tial to ,*ri/ianity has requir$ brief discussion ( ^! also1 ma9ly ) ref]5ce to ! reasonabl5ess ( t dem&4 ,z to ! latt] miracle1 x mu/ be obs]v$ t 9 ! ,biblical n>ratives tak5 z a :ole1 :i*ev] ( _! discordant features "o be dispos$ to emphasize1 ! psy*ical elem5t cle>ly prepond]ates ov] ! physical & mat]ial4 ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,new ,,york1 ,april #aa1 #aijc4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introductory #ac ,,! ,,argum5t ,i ,! gradual n>r[+ ( ! miracul\s elem5t 9 ! ,bible by rec5t discov]y & discussion4--,! al>m !reby excit$ 9 ! ,*ur*4--,! fallacy :i* g5]ates ! fe>4--,! a!i/ic conception ( nature :i* g5]ates ! fallacy4--,! pres5t outgr[+ ( ?is conception4 #be ,,ii ,! pres5t net results ( ! discussion ( ! miracul\s elem5t 9 ! ,bible4--,evaporation ( ! =m] evid5tial value ( miracles4--,fur!r insi/5ce on ?is value a logical blund]4--,! transf] ( miracles f ! artill]y to ! baggage ( ! ,*ur*4--,probability ( a fur!r r$uction ( ! li/ ( miracles4--,also ( a fur!r transf] ( ev5ts reput$ miracul\s to ! doma9 ( hi/ory4 #cg ,,iii ,arbitr>y criticism ( ! ,biblical n>ratives ( ! rais+ ( ! dead4--,facts :i* x ignores4--,! subject relat$ to ! ph5om5a ( trance1 & records ( premature burial4--,! resuscitation 9 ,eli%a's tomb probably hi/orical4--,jesus' rais+ ( ! rul]'s daught] pla9ly su* a case4--,8 rais+ ( ! wid['s son probably su*4--,! hypo!sis t 8 rais+ ( ,laz>us may also h be5 su* critically exam9$4--,! record all[s ?is supposition4--,fur!r consid]ations favor+ x3 #a4 ,! supposition ?reat5s no real int]e/ ( ,*ri/ianity4--#b4 ,enhances ! "* ( ! act z a "w ( m]cy4--#c4 ,is indep5d5t ( ! belief ( ! witnesses ( ! act4--#d4 ,is coh]5t ) ! g5]al conception ( ! heal+ works ( ,jesus z wr\ght by a peculi> psy*ical p[]4--,o!r cases4--,! resurrection ( ,jesus an ev5t 9 a :olly diff]5t ord] ( ?+s4--,! practical result ( reg>d+ ^! resuscitations z 9 ! ord] ( nature4 #dg ,,iv ,a cle>] conception ( miracle approa*$4--,works ( ,jesus once reput$ miracul\s n s reput$ n[1 s9ce n n[ transc5d+ z once ! exi/+ range ( k & p[]4--,?is transf] ( ! miracul\s to ! natural likely to cont9ue4--,no h>d & fa/ l9e betwe5 ! miracul\s & ! non-miracul\s4--,miracle a provisional ^w1 its application n>r[+ 9 ! enl>g+ ma/]y ( ! secrets ( ,nature & ( life4 #ge ,v ,biblical miracles ! efflu5ce ( extraord9>y lives4--,life ! _w's magician & miracle-work]2 its miracles n[ t]m$ prodigies4--,miracle ! natural product ( an extraord9>y end[m5t ( life4--,life ! ultimate reality4--,:at any man c a*ieve is condition$ by ! psy*ical quality ( 8 life4--,no?+ m natural1 m sup]natural1 ?an life4--,! d]iv$ life ( ! _w filial to ! self-exi/5t life ( ,god2 begott51 n made4--,miracle z ! product ( life1 ! "w ( ,god4 #he ,,vi ,! "q1 old & new1 n[ confront+ !ologians4--,_! rec5t retreat ^u ! m9imum ( miracle4--,! pres5t conflict ( op9ion 9 ! ,*ur*4--,its turn+-po9t rea*$ 9 ! antipodal turn-ab\t 9 ! treatm5t ( miracles f ! old to ! new apologetics4--,revision ( ! traditional idea ( ! sup]natural requir$ = !ological readju/m5t4 #ie ,,vii ,acc\nt to be made ( ! law ( atrophy ?r\gh disuse4--,! virg9 bir? & ! corporeal resurrection ( ,jesus1 ! two miracles /ill insi/$ on z ! irr$ucible m9imum1 affect$ by ?is law4--,! vital tru?s ( ! inc>nation & immortality indep5d5t ( ^! miracles4--,^! tru?s n[ plac$ on high] gr\nd 9 a tru] conception ( ! sup]natural4--,! true sup]natural is ! spiritual1 n ! miracul\s4--,scepticism br$ f ! contr>y view4--,! miracle-n>ratives1 :ile less evid5tial = religion1 n unimportant = hi/ory4--,psy*ical rese>* a ne$$ auxili>y = ! sci5tific critic ( ^!4 #ajg ,,viii ,! c>d9al po9t 9 ! pres5t discussion ! reality n ( miracles1 b ( ! sup]natural4--,fallacy ( po9t+ to physical ev5ts z ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( sup]natural ,revelation4--,! "* ( a revelation det]m9$ n by its circum/ances1 b by its cont5ts4--,moral nature sup]natural to physical4--,nature a hi]>*y ( natures4--,sup]natural ,religion hi/orically atte/$ by ! moral developm5t x g5]ates4--,transf] ( its di/9ctive note f moral ideals to physical m>vels a co/ly error4--,jesus' miracles a revelation1 ( a type common ) o!rs be=e & aft]4--,! unique ,revelation ( ,jesus 0 9 ! high] realm ( div9e ideas & ideals4--,^!1 :ile unrealiz$ 9 human life1 /ill exhibit ! fact ( a sup]natural ,revelation4--,! di/9ction ( natural & sup]natural belongs to ! p]iod ( moral progress up to ! spiritual maturity ( man 9 ! image ( ,god4--,! div9e possibilities ( humanity1 imag$ 9 ,jesus1 reveal$ z our inh]itance & our prize4 #aca ,,introductory ,9 a hi/orical retrospect great] & m revolution>y *anges are se5 to h occurr$ dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury ?an 9 any c5tury prec$+4 ,9 ^! *anges no dep>tm5t ( ?\ght & activity has fail$ to %>e1 & !ological ?\ght has be5 q z mu* affect$ z sci5tific or e?ical4 ,especially rem>kable is ! *ang$ front ( ,*ri/ian !ologians t[>d miracles1 _! di/9ctly l[]$ e/imate ( ! significance ( miracle1 _! antipodal rev]se ( ! long e/abli%$ treatm5t ( miracles4 ,ref]r+ to ?is a ,briti% evangelical writ]#a obs]ves t ! intellig5t believ] ( our own day1 444 in/ead ( accept+ ,*ri/ianity on ! gr\nd ( ! miracles1 accepts x 9 spite ( ! miracles4 ,:e!r he admits ^! miracles1 or rejects !m1 8 attitude t[>d !m is t[>d difficulties1 n helps4 ,by ?is diametrical *ange ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght a great am\nt ( scepticism has already be5 antiquat$4 ,a once fam\s anti-,*ri/ian book1 ,sup]natural ,religion1 reg>d$ z =midable ?irty ye>s ago1 is n[ z mu* out ( date = relevancy to pres5t !ological conditions z is ! old smoo?-bore cannon = naval w>f>e4 ,t _m1 inde$1 are /ill unaw>e ( ! *ange t has be5 exp]i5c$ by ! lead]s ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght1 no "o acqua9t$ ) curr5t discussions w d5y2 ! fact is indubitable4 ,x is review$ 9 ! foll[+ pages ) ! con/ructive purpose ( r$eem+ ! idea ( sup]natural ,religion f p]nici\s p]v]sion1 & ( exhibit+ x 9 its true spiritual significance4 ,! once highly reput$ calculations made to %[ h[ ! e>?'s diurnal revolution c\ld be imp]ceptibly /opp$ = ,jo%ua's conv5i5ce1 & ! cont5tion t ! ,m$it]ranean produc$ fi% ) gullets capable ( giv+ passage to ,jonah1 are n[ z dead z ! *emical controv]sy ab\t phlogi/on4 ,yet "s sceptical controv]siali/s are /ill s f> f cultivat+ ! acqua9tance ) rec5t ?\ght :i* !y recomm5d to ,*ri/ian !ologians1 z to p]si/ 9 affirmations ( amaz+ ignorance1 e4g4 ,x is admitt$ t miracles alone c atte/ ! reality ( div9e revelation4#b ,sponsors = ?is /atem5t mu/ n[ be s\ght among unle>n$ ,*ri/ians1 or among a few s*ol>s :o survive z cultivators ( ! old-fa%ion$ argum5t f ! evid5ces4 ,ev5 among ^! latt] ! t5d5cy to m9imize miracle is und5iably app>5t 9 a r$uction ( ! li/ classifi$ z su*1 & /ill m 9 ! brevity ( ! li/ insi/$ on = ! atte/ation ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,a transitional /ate ( m9d is cle>ly evid5c$ by ! pres5t division & p]plexity ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght conc]n+ ! ,*ri/ian miracles4 ,_m seem to reg>d fur!r discussion z pr(itless1 & are ready to %elve ! subject4 ,b ?is attitude ( we>9ess is also transitional4 ,!re mu/ be "s ?or\ghf>e to firm gr\nd & cle> vision4 ,x mu/ be f\nd 9 agreem5t1 fir/ ( all1 on ! real mean+ ( a t]m s v>i\sly & vaguely us$ z miracle4 ,9 ! pres5t imp]fect /ate ( k x may be impossible to enucleate miracle1 h[ev] def9$1 ( all my/]y4 ,b ev5 s w mu* be ga9$ = cle> ?9k+1 if miracle c be reasonably relat$ to ! great] my/]y :i* all accept1 ?\gh none und]/&1--! my/]y ( life4 ,?is view ( ! dynamic relation ( life to miracle#c is "h sugge/$ = :at x may prove to be wor?4 ,! great & g5]al *ange t transfigur$ !ology dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 *>act]i/ically e?ical4 ,?is1 inde$1 is ! di/9ctive feature ( ! s-call$ new !ology1 9 contra/ ) t :i* ! ,prote/ant ,re=m]s inh]it$ f ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,god & ,man1 ,fai?1 ,salvation & ,inspiration1 ,r$emption & ,atonem5t1 ,judgm5t & ,retribution1--all ^! !mes are n[ pres5t$ 9 or?odox pulpits f> m con=mably to e?ical pr9ciples1 ?\gh 9 degrees v>y+ ) educat$ intellig5ce1 ?an 0 cu/om>y 9 ! s]mons ( half a c5tury ago4 ,"o great s\rce & spr+ ( !ological progress1 says ,pr(essor ,b[ne1 9 8 rec5t "w on ,!ism1 has be5 ! ne$ ( f9d+ a conception ( ,god :i* ! moral nature c\ld accept4 ,! necessity ( moraliz+ !ology has produc$ va/ *anges 9 t field2 & ! end is n yet4 ,! e?ical "* ( ! !ological *ange w p]haps be mo/ obvi\s 9 ! field ( ,biblical /udy1 to :i* ! pres5t subject belongs4 ,! traditional solution ( su* moral difficulties 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t z comm&s1 o/5sibly div9e1 to massacre idolat]s has be5 q disc>d$4 ,x is no long] ! mode to say t de$s seem+ly atroci\s 7 n atroci\s1 because ,god comm&$ !m4 ,writ]s ( or?odox repute n[ say t ! ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ) :i* ,samuel prefac$ 8 ord] to ext]m9ate ! ,amalekites1 mu/ be und]/ood subjectively1 z an expression ( ! prophet's belief1 n objectively1 z a div9e comm& communicat$ to him4 ,?is great *ange is a q rec5t *ange4 ,if a p]sonal ref]5ce may be indulg$1 x is n tw5ty ye>s s9ce ! pres5t writ]'s publi%$ prote/ aga9/ ,! ,anti-,*ri/ian ,use ( ! ,bible 9 ! ,sunday ,s*ool1#d ! exhibition to *ildr5 ( "s ve/iges ( hea!n sup]/ition emb$d$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t n>ratives z true illu/rations ( ,god's ways t[>d m51 drew =? f a religi\s j\rnal a bitt] editorial on ,! ,old ,te/am5t & its ,new ,enemies4 ,b a great light has s9ce dawn$ 9 t qu>t]4 ,x is no long] deem$ subv]sive ( fai? 9 a div9e ,revelation to hold t ! prophet ,gad 0 n infallible 9 reg>d+ ! plague :i* sc\rg$ ,j]usalem z s5t to puni% ,david's pride 9 8 c5sus ( ! nation4 ,a significant fact is pres5t$ 9 ! comp>ison ( ^! two aspects ( ! !ological *ange t has come to pass1--! gr[+ importance ( ! e?ical1 & ! dw9dl+ importance ( ! miracul\s 9 ! religi\s ?\ght ( to-day4 ,?is may reassure ^? :o fe> :]eto su* *ange may gr[4 ,! inn] significance ( su* a *ange is mo/ auspici\s4 ,x port5ds ! displacem5t ( a false by ! true conception ( sup]natural ,religion1 & ! removal !reby ( a s]i\s antagonism betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,*ri/ian ,!ology1 z well z ( a s]i\s h9drance ( _m ?\ghtful m9ds f an intellig5t embrace ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,pr(essor ,w4 ,t4 ,ad5ey 9 ! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,janu>y1 #aijc1 p4 #cjb4 #b ,see ! rec5t new edition ( ,sup]natural ,religion1 c>efully revis$4 #c ,= an e>li] /atem5t ( ?is by ! pres5t writ]1 see a disc\rse on ,miracle & ,life1 9 ,new ,po9ts to ,old ,texts4 ,london3 ,james ,cl>ke ,co41 #ahhi4 ,new ,york3 ,?omas ,:ittak]4 #d ,! ,new ,engl&]1 ,septemb]1 #ahhd4 ,,miracles ,,& ,,sup]natural ,,religion ,i ,i ,,synopsis4--,! gradual n>r[+ ( ! miracul\s elem5t 9 ! ,bible by rec5t discov]y & discussion4--,! al>m !reby excit$ 9 ! ,*ur*4--,! fallacy :i* g5]ates ! fe>4--,! a!i/ic conception ( nature :i* g5]ates ! fallacy4--,! pres5t outgr[+ ( ?is conception4 ,x is b>ely =ty ye>s s9ce t belov$ & fe>less ,*ri/ian s*ol>1 ,dean ,/anley1 spoke ?us ( ! miracles record$ ( ! prophet ,eli%a3 ,8 works /& alone 9 ! ,bible 9 _! lik5ess to ! acts ( m$iaeval sa9ts4 ,!re alone 9 ! ,sacr$ ,hi/ory ! gulf betwe5 ,biblical & ,ecclesia/ical miracles almo/ disappe>s4#e ,x requir$ "s c\rage to say z mu* z ?is !n1 :ile ! /orm ( p]secution 0 rag+ aga9/ ,bi%op ,col5so = 8 critical "w on ! ,p5tateu*4 ,! evangelical cl]gym5 9 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates !n prep>$ to confess z mu* z ?is1 ) all t x obvi\sly implies1 c\ld h be5 seat$ 9 a small room4 ,b "t has mov$ on1 & ! ,*ur*1 at lea/ ! s*ol>s ( ! ,*ur*1 h mov$ ) x4 ,no s*ol> ( m ?an n>r[ly local repute n[ hesitates to ackn[l$ge ! pres5ce ( a leg5d>y elem5t bo? 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t & 9 ! ,new4 ,:ile ! ext5t ( x is /ill undet]m9$1 _m specim5s ( x are recogniz$4 ,x is agre$ t ! e>ly n>ratives 9 ,g5esis are ( ?is "*1 & t x is m>k$ 9 su* /ories z ^? ( ,samson1 ,elijah1 & ,eli%a4 ,ev5 ! cons]vative revis]s ( ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion h elim9at$ f ! ,f\r? ,gospel ! /ory ( ! angel at ! pool ( ,be!sda1 & 9 _! m>g9al notes on ! ,?ird ,gospel h admitt$ a d\bt conc]n+ ! hi/oricity ( ! angel & ! bloody sweat 9 ,ge?semane4 ,fur!rmore1 "s ev5ts1 recogniz$ z hi/orical1 h be5 dive/$ ( ! miracul\s "* once attribut$ to !m1--! cross+ ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 = in/ance1 by ! ,hebrew ho/4 ,a l&slip 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ,a4,d4 has be5 not$ z giv+ hi/orical "* to ! /ory ( ! ,hebrew ho/ "u ,jo%ua's comm& cross+ ! ,jordan on dry gr\nd1 b 9 a p]fectly natural way4 ,o!r classes ( ph5om5a once reg>d$ z miracul\s h be5 transf]r$ to ! doma9 ( natural processes by ! inve/igations & discov]ies t h be5 made 9 ! field ( psy*ical rese>*4 ,! =ew>n+ :i* ,god is said to h giv5 ! prophet ,ahijah ( ! visit t ! que5 0 ab\t to pay him 9 disguise#f is n[ recogniz$ z "o ( _m cases ( ! my/]i\s natural function t we label z telepa?y4 ,! trans=mations ( unruly1 vici\s1 & m5tally disord]$ *>act]s by hypnotic influ5ce t h be5 effect$ at ! ,salpetri]e 9 ,p>is1 & else:]e1 by physicians exp]t 9 psy*ical !rapeutics are closely analog\s to ! cures wr\ght by ,jesus on "s victims ( demoniac possession4#g ,! cases ( app>ition1#h also1 :i* h be5 inve/igat$ & v]ifi$ by ! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>* h laid a solid basis ( fact = ! ,biblical /ories ( angels1 z at lea/1 a class ( ph5om5a to be reg>d$ z by no means altoge!r leg5d>y1 b hav+ _! place among natural ?\gh my/]i\s occurr5ces4 ,b ?is progressive p>+ d[n ( ! miracul\s elem5t 9 ! ,bible has caus$ outcries ( unfeign$ al>m4 ,*ri/ian s*ol>s :o h tak5 "p 9 x are reproa*$ z des]t]s to ! camp ( unbelief4 ,!y are accus$ ( bani%+ ,god f 8 _w1 & ( r$uc+ ! c\rse ( ev5ts to an ord] ( ag5cies q undiv9e4 ,miracle1 writes "o ( ^! bre?r51#i is ! p]sonal int]v5tion ( ,god into ! *a9 ( cause & effect4 ,b :at does ?is mean1 except t1 :5 no miracles occur1 ,god is n p]sonally1 i4e4 actively1 9 ! *a9 ( natural causes & effects8 ,z ,pr(essor ,drummond says1 ,if ,god appe>s p]iodically1 he disappe>s p]iodically4 ,x is precisely ?is view ( ! subject t really bani%es ,god f 8 _w4 ,^? :o ?us def9e miracle reg>d miracles z hav+ ceas$ at ! end ( ! ,apo/olic age 9 ! fir/ c5tury4 ,except1 !re=e1 = ! n>r[ range ( human hi/ory t ! ,bible cov]s 9 "t & place1 ,god has n be5 p]sonally 9 ! *a9 ( natural causes & effects4 ,?us close to an a!i/ic conception ( nature does zeal = traditional or?odoxy unwitt+ly b really come4 ,! fir/ pages ( ! ,bible correct ?is error4 ,:ile ! e>? rema9e?1 s ,god is repres5t$ z assur+ ,noah1 se$time & h>ve/1 & cold & heat1 & summ] & w9t]1 & day & night1 %all n cease4 ,! pres5ce ( ,god 9 8 _w 0 ?us to be ev9c$ by 8 regul> su/5tation ( its natural ord]1 r ?an by irregul> occurr5ces1 su* z ! deluge1 9 seem+ contrav5tion ( x4 ,to seek ! evid5ce ( div9e activity 9 human affairs & to gr\nd "o's fai? 9 a controll+ ,provid5ce 9 sporadic & comet>y ph5om5a1 r ?an 9 ! con/ant & cumulative signs ( x to be se5 9 ! maje/ic ord] ( ! />ry skies1 9 ! reign ( intellig5ce ?r\gh\t ! cosmos1 9 ! moral evolution ( anci5t savag]y into mod]n philan?ropy1 9 ! hi/oric manife/ation ?r\gh\t ! c5turies ( a ,p[] n our own t works = ! increase ( righte\sness1 is a mode ( ?\ght :i* 9 our "t is be+ /eadily & surely outgr[n4 ,x is "o ( ^? idols ( ! tribe ^: p[] alike ov] civiliz$ & unciviliz$ m5 is brok5 less by argum5t ?an by ! asc5t ( man to wid] horizons ( k4 ,x is = ! ga9 ( religion t x %\ld be brok51--( ! spiritual religion ^: ,god is n a tradition1 a rem9isc5ce1 b a liv+ pres5ce1 inhabit+ alike ! clod & ! />1 ! fl[] 9 ! cranni$ wall & ! life ( man4 ,s ?9k+ ( ,god ! religi\s man may rightly say1#aj ,if x is m difficult to believe 9 miracles1 x is less important4 ,if ! extraord9>y manife/ations ( ,god rec\nt$ 9 anci5t hi/ory appe> less cr$ible1 ! ord9>y manife/ations ( ,god 9 curr5t life appe> m real4 ,he is se5 9 ,am]ican hi/ory n less ?an 9 ,hebrew hi/ory2 9 ! life ( to-day n less ?an 9 ! life ( long ago4 ,,footnotes3 #e ,lectures on ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cfb1 ,am]ican edition4 #f #a ,k+s xiv4 #a-g4 #g ,x is n int5d$ to intimate t !re is no su* d>k] reality z a possession t is demoniac inde$4 ,x _c be reasonably pron\nc$ sup]/iti\s to judge t !re is "s probability = t view4 ,at any rate1 x is c]ta9 t ! problem is n to be settl$ by dogmatic pron\ncem5t4 ,x is c]ta91 also1 t ! burd5 ( pro( re/s on ^? :o cont5d t !re c be no su* ?+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x may be conc$$ t ! cases record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t d n seem to be ( an ess5tially devili% k9d4 ,on ! g5]al subject ( possession see ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,my]s's "w on ,human ,p]sonality & ,survival aft] ,dea?1 ,vol4 ,i4 7,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co41 ,new ,york & ,london47 ,pr(essor ,william ,james half humor\sly rem>ks3 ,! "t-honor$ ph5om5on ( diabolical possession is on ! po9t ( be+ admitt$ by ! sci5ti/ z a fact1 n[ t he has ! "n ( hy/]odemonopa?y by :i* to app]ceive x4 ,v>ieties ( ,religi\s ,exp]i5ce1 p4 #eja1 note4 #h ,see ,diction>y ( ,psy*ology1 art4 ,psy*ical ,rese>*4 #i ,dr4 ,pel\bet1 ,tea*]s' ,comm5t>y on ! ,acts1 #aijb4 #aj ,dr4 ,lyman ,abbott 9 ,! ,outlook1 ,febru>y #ad1 #aijc4 ,,ii ,,ii ,,synopsis4--,! pres5t net results ( ! discussion ( ! miracul\s elem5t 9 ! ,bible4--,evaporation ( ! =m] evid5tial value ( miracles4--,fur!r insi/5ce on ?is value a logical blund]4--,! transf] ( miracles f ! artill]y to ! baggage ( ! ,*ur*4--,probability ( a fur!r r$uction ( ! li/ ( miracles4--,also ( a fur!r transf] ( ev5ts reput$ miracul\s to ! doma9 ( hi/ory4 ,! cultivation ( sci5tific & hi/orical /udies dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 especially 9 its latt] half1 has deep5$ ! conviction t ,?r\gh ! ages "o increas+ purpose runs2 has dispos$ a gr[+ numb] ( ?\ghtful m9ds to reg>d occasional signs & wond]s1 report$ f anci5t times1 z f> less evid5tial = ! reasonabl5ess ( religi\s fai? ?an ! /eady su/5tation ( ! ,provid5tial ord] & ! moral progress ( ! _w4 ,fully conv9c$ ( ?is1 we %\ld n[ e/imate1 be=e proce$+ fur!r1 ! pres5t net results ( ! discussion1 s f> z x has gone1 ( :at is call$ ! miracul\s elem5t 9 ! ,bible4 ,fir/1 its =m] evid5tial value 9 pro( ( div9e ,revelation is gone = ! m5 ( to-day4 ,! believ] 9 a div9e ,revelation does n n[1 if he is wise1 re/ 8 case at all on ! miracles connect$ ) its orig9al promulgation1 z 0 ! fa%ion n v long s9ce4 ,?is = two reasons2 *iefly ?is3 t ! decisive crit]ion ( any tru?1 e?ical or physical1 mu/ be tru? ( ! same k9d4 ,e?ical tru? mu/ be e?ically atte/$4 ,! moral & religi\s "* ( ! ,revelation pres5ts its cr$5tials ( wor? 9 its hi/ory ( ! moral & religi\s r5ovations x has wr\ght bo? 9 individuals & 9 society4 ,?is is its prop] & incontrov]tible atte/ation1 9 ne$ ( no corroboration f :atev] wond]ful physical occurr5ces may h accompani$ its fir/ utt]ance4 ,words ( ,god are atte/$ z su* by ! "w ( ,god :i* !y effect4 ,x may well be believ$ t ^? wond]ful occurr5ces--! ,biblical "n = :i* is signs1 or p[]s1 t]ms n c>ry+1 l miracles1 ! idea ( some?+ contra-natural#aa--;_h an evid5tial value = ^? to :om ! ,revelation orig9ally came4 ,9 fact1 !y 7 appeal$ to by ! be>]s ( ! ,revelation z evid5c+ its div9e orig9 by ! mighty works ( div9e m]cy :i* !y wr\ght = suff]]s f ! evils ( ! _w4 ,b :atev] _! evid5tial value to ! eye-witnesses at t remote day1 x 0 ( ! inevitably volatile k9d t exhales away l a p]fume ) lapse ( "t4 ,hi/oric d\bts attack remote ev5ts1 especially :5 ( ! extraord9>y "* :i* tempts ! n>rator to t magnify+ ( ! m>vell\s :i* exp]i5ce has f\nd to be a con/antly recurr+ human trait4 ,x is simply impossible t ! orig9al evid5tial value ( ! signs accompany+ ! ,revelation %\ld cont9ue p]man5tly unimpair$4 ,to employ !m n[ z evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 :5 ! ,revelation has won on e?ical gr\nds recognition ( its div9e "* & c summon hi/ory to be> witness ( its div9e effects 9 ! moral uplift ( ! _w1 is to imp]il ! ,*ri/ian argum5t by ! prepo/]\s logical blund] ( attempt+ to prove ! m c]ta9 by ! less c]ta94 ,a second net result consequ5t on ! prec$+ may be describ$ z ! transf]5ce ( miracles f ! ordnance dep>tm5t to ! qu>t]ma/]'s dep>tm5t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,until rec5tly !y 7 actively us$ z "p ( its armam5t1 none ( :i* c\ld be disp5s$ )4 ,n[ !y are c>ri$ z "p ( its baggage1 imp$im5ta1 f :i* ev]y?+ sup]flu\s mu/ be remov$4 ,x is cle>ly se5 t to reta9 all is to imp]il ! :ole4 ,t !re are miracles & miracles is pat5t to m9ds t h le>n$ to scan hi/ory m critically ?an :5 a s*ol> l ,john ,milton began 8 ,hi/ory ( ,engl& ) ! leg5d ( ! voyage ( ,brute ! ,trojan4 ,"o may reasonably believe t ,jesus heal$ a case ( viol5t insanity at ,gad>a1 & reasonably disbelieve t ! fire ( heav5 0 twice ob$i5t to ,elijah's call to consume ! milit>y companies s5t to arre/ him4 ,cultivat$ disc]nm5t does n n[ put all ,biblical miracles on a common level ( cr$ibility1 any m ?an ! hi/orical "w ( ,h]odotus & t ( ! late ,dr4 ,g>d9]4 ,to def5d !m all is n to v9dicate1 b to discr$it all alike4 ,! elim9ation ( ! indef5sible1 ! sett+ aside ( ! leg5d>y1 ! transf]5ce ( ! suppos$ly miracul\s to ! ord] ( natural p[]s & processes s f> z v9dicable gr\nd = su* critical treatm5t is discov]$1 is ! only way to answ] ! fir/ ( all que/ions conc]n+ ! ,bible3 ,h[ mu* ( ?is is cr$ible hi/ory8 ,?us x is n only ?or\ghly reasonable1 b is 9 ! int]e/ ( a reasonable belief t div9e ag5cy is reveal$ r by ! uphold+ ( ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ,nature ?an by any alleg$ int]f]5ce !re)4 ,) :at ,god has e/abli%$ ,god nev] int]f]es4 ,to allege 8 int]f]5ce ) 8 e/abli%$ ord] is virtually to d5y 8 con/ant imman5ce !re91 a failure to recognize ! fundam5tal fact t ,nature is ,_s1 z ,pr9cipal ,fairbairn has said1 & all its processes & p[]s ! v>i\s modes ( ! en]giz+ ( ! div9e ,w4 ,a ?ird net result n[ highly probable is a /ill fur!r r$uction ( ! li/ ( reput$ miracles4 ,! critical process ( discrim9at+ ! hi/orical f ! leg5d>y1 & ! natural f ! non-natural1 is /ill s comp>atively rec5t t x c h>dly be suppos$ to h rea*$ its limit4 ,nor c x be /ay$ by any impea*m5t ( x z ho/ile to ,*ri/ianity1 ^: gr& argum5t appeals to its pres5t e?ical effects1 n to anci5t ?aumaturgical accompanim5ts4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a consid]able class ( cases 9 :i* ! advanc+ critical process is likely ev5 to ga9 cr$ibility = ! ,biblical n>rative 9 a po9t :]e x is n[ widely d\bt$--! resuscitations ( ! app>5tly dead4 ,among all ! ,biblical miracles none h m probably a secure hi/orical basis4 ,,footnotes3 #aa ,! ,angliciz$ ,lat9 ^w1 miracle1 indiscrim9ately us$ 9 ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 d5otes ! sup]ficial "* ( ! act or ev5t x is appli$ to1 z produc+ wond] or amazem5t 9 ! behold]s4 ,! t]ms commonly employ$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 7semeion1 a sign2 dunamis1 p[]2 less frequ5tly t]as1 a port5t7 are ( deep] significance1 & connote ! inn] nature ( ! occurr5ce1 ei!r z requir+ to be pond]$ = its mean+1 or z ! product ( a new & peculi> en]gy4 ,,iii ,,iii ,,synopsis4--,arbitr>y criticism ( ! ,biblical n>ratives ( ! rais+ ( ! dead4--,facts :i* x ignores4--,! subject relat$ to ! ph5om5a ( trance1 & records ( premature burial4--,! resuscitation 9 ,eli%a's tomb probably hi/orical4--,jesus' rais+ ( ! rul]'s daught] pla9ly a case ( ?is k9d4--,8 rais+ ( ! wid['s son probably su*4--,! hypo!sis t 8 rais+ ( ,laz>us may also h be5 su* critically exam9$4--,! record all[s ?is supposition4--,fur!r consid]ations favor+ x3 #a4 ,! real int]e/s ( ,*ri/ianity secure4--#b4 ,! miracle z a "w ( m]cy4--#c4 ,incompet5cy ( ! by/&]s' op9ion4--#d4 ,congruity ) ! g5]al conception ( ! heal+ works ( ,jesus1 z wr\ght by a peculi> psy*ical p[]4--,o!r cases4--,! resurrection ( ,jesus an ev5t 9 a :olly diff]5t ord] ( ?+s4--,! practical result ( reg>d+ ^! resuscitations z 9 ! ord] ( nature4 ,( resuscitation f app>5t dea? sev5 cases 9 all are record$1--?ree 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t & f\r 9 ! ,new4 ,"s critics arbitr>ily reject all b "o ( ^! z leg5d>y4 ,?us ,osc> ,holzmann1 9 8 rec5t ,leb5 ,jesu1 treats ! rais+ ( ! wid['s son1 & ( ,laz>us4 ,b he accepts ! case ( ! rul]'s daught] on ! gr\nd t ,jesus is report$ z say+ t x 0 n a case ( real b only ( app>5t dea?1--! *ild is n dead1 b sleepe?4 ,b = ! pres]vation ( ?is sav+ decl>ation 9 ! record1 ?is case also w\ld h be5 class$ ) ! o!rs z unhi/orical4 ,& yet ! admission ( "o cle> case ( simulat$ dea?1 s l real dea? z to deceive all ! onlook]s b ,jesus1 might reasonably *eck ! critic ) ! sugge/ion t x may n h be5 a solit>y case4#ab ,! headlong assumption involv$ 9 ! discrim9ation made betwe5 ^! two classes1 viz4 t 9 a case ( app>5t b unreal dea? ! primitive tradition c be dep5d$ on to put ! fact ^u record1 is 9 ! highe/ degree arbitr>y & unw>rantable4 ,! scepticism :i* lightly contradicts ! ,biblical n>ratives ( ! rais+ ( ! dead to life is seem+ly ignorant ( facts t g f> to place ^! ^u firm gr\nd z hi/orical occurr5ces4 ,catalepsy1 or ! simulation ( dea? by a trance1 9 :i* ! body is sometimes cold & rigid1 s5sation gone1 ! he>t /ill1 is well kn[n to m$ical m54#ac ,9 e>ly times su* a condition w\ld inevitably h be5 reg>d$ & treat$ z actual dea?1 )\t ! lea/ suspicion t x 0 n s4 ,ev5 n[1 ! dreadful mi/ake ( s reg>d+ x sometimes occurs4 ,s cauti\s a j\rnal z ! ,london ,spectator a few ye>s ago express$ ! belief t a di/9ct p]c5tage ( premature burials occurs e ye> 9 ,engl&4 ,! prop] l9e ( critical approa* to ! /udy ( ! ,biblical n>ratives ( ! rais+ ( ! dead is ?r\gh ! well-kn[n facts ( ! dea?like trance & premature burial4 ,:]e burial occurr$1 z 9 ! ,ea/1 imm$iately aft] ! app>5t dea?1#ad resuscitation mu/ h be5 r>e4 ,yet cases ( x 7 n unkn[n4 ,pl9y has a *apt] on ^? :o h reviv$ on be+ c>ri$ =? = burial4 ,"l ,bacon /ates t ( ?is !re h be5 v _m cases4 ,a ,fr5* writ] ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ,bruhi]1 9 8 ,diss]tations sur l',inc]titude de la ,mort et l',abus des ,ent]rem5ts1 records sev5ty-two cases ( mi/ak5 pron\ncem5t ( dea?1 fifty-?ree ( revival 9 ! c(f9 be=e burial1 & fifty-f\r ( burial alive4 ,a locally fam\s & ?or\ghly atte/$ case 9 ?is c\ntry is t ( ! ,rev4 ,william ,t5n5t1 pa/or 9 ,freehold1 ,new ,j]sey1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 :o lay app>5tly dead = ?ree days1 reviv+ f trance j z 8 delay$ fun]al 0 ab\t to proce$4 ,"o :o keeps a scrap-book c\ld easily collect q an assortm5t ( su* cases1 & ( su* o!rs z h a tragic end+1 bo? f dome/ic & =eign j\rnals4 ,a "w publi%$ "s ye>s ago by ,dr4 ,f4 ,h>tmann#ae exhibits "o hundr$ & eight cases z typical among ov] sev5 hundr$ t h be5 au!nticat$4#af ,facts l ^! h be5 /rangely ov]look$ 9 ! ha/y judgm5t prompt$ by prejudice aga9/ :atev] has obta9$ cr$5ce z miracul\s4 ,"s significant consid]ations mu/ be s]i\sly ent]ta9$4 ,x _c be t no su* facts occurr$ 9 ! long p]iods cov]$ by ! ,biblical writ]s4 ,occurr+1 x is extremely improbable t !y %\ld h altoge!r escap$ embodim5t 9 popul> tradition & its record4 ,fur!rmore1 :ile on "o h& ! cu/om ( spe$y burial r5d]$ !m mu* r>] ?an !y are n[ "u o!r conditions1 & s mu* ! m extraord9>y1 ! univ]sal ignorance ( ! causes involv$ w\ld h accept$ resuscitation z v]itable re/oration f actual dea?4 ,z su* x w\ld h pass$ into tradition4 ,9 cases :]e x _h come to pass 9 connection ) ! ef=ts ( a recogniz$ prophet1 or ?r\gh any contact ) him1 x w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 reg>d$ z a g5u9e miracle4 ,among ! rais+s ( ! dead record$ 9 ! ,scriptures probably none has be5 s widely d\bt$ by critical read]s z ! /ory 9 ! ?irte5? *apt] ( ! second book ( ,k+s1 9 :i* a corpse is re/or$ to life by contact ) ! bones ( ,eli%a4 ,dean ,/anley's rem>k ^u ! suspici\s simil>ity betwe5 ! miracles relat$ ( ,eli%a & ^? f\nd 9 ,roman ,ca?olic leg5ds ( great sa9ts "h seems q p]t95t4 ,let ! record speak = itself4 ,& ,eli%a di$ & !y buri$ him4 ,n[ ! b&s ( ! ,moabites invad$ ! l& at ! com+ 9 ( ! ye>4 ,& x came to pass1 z !y 7 bury+ a man1 t1 behold1 !y spi$ a b&2 & !y ca/ ! man into ! sepul*re ( ,eli%a2 & z soon z ! man t\*$ ! bones ( ,eli%a1 he reviv$1 & /ood up on 8 feet4 ,! biz>re "* ( su* a /ory excusably pr$isposes _m a critic to /amp x z fabricat$ to enhance ! glory ( ! great prophet :o _h be5 a pill> ( ! ?rone4 ,yet no?+ is m likely ?an t tradition has "h pres]v$ a bit ( hi/ory1 extraord9>y1 b real4 ,!re is n ! lea/ improbability 9 reg>d+ ! case z "o ( ! _m revivals f ! dea?like trance t h be5 not$ by writ]s anci5t & mod]n4 ,x is entirely reasonable to suppose t ! trance 9 :i* ! seem+ly dead man lay 0 brok5 ei!r by ! %ock ( 8 fall into ! prophet's tomb1 or co9cid5tly !re)2 & /rang] co9cid5ces h happ5$4 ,su* a happ5+ w\ld be precisely ! sort ( ?+ to live 9 popul> tradition1 & to be incorporat$ into ! annals ( ! "t4 ,"h x may be rejo9$ t ?is is only a hypo!sis4 ,only t1 to be sure4 ,b s is ! allegation t ! /ory is a m]e fanta/ic fabrication only a hypo!sis4 ,demon/ration ( ! actual fact pa/ all controv]sy be+ out ( ! "q1 all t c be (f]$ = ! attempt to rate ! n>rative at its prop] value1 ei!r z hi/ory or z fiction1 is hypo!sis4 ,! *oice lies = u betwe5 two hypo!ses4 ,surely1 t hypo!sis is ! m cr$ible :i* is bas$ on a solid body ( objective facts1 & meets all ! conditions ( ! case4 ,w x be repli$ to ?is t ! critics c %[ = _! hypo!sis ! admitt$ fact ( ! human proclivity to inv5t leg5ds ( miracle8 ,! decisive answ] is t ! burd5 ( pro( re/s on him :o conte/s any /atem5t o/5sibly hi/orical4 ,if su* a /atem5t be f\nd to squ>e ) admitt$ objective facts1 x mu/ be accept$ not)/&+ consid]ations drawn f ! subjective t5d5cy to inv5t extraord9>y tales4 ,7 rais+s ( ! dead record$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t alone1 objection w\ld less (t5 be (f]$ to ?is transf]5ce ( !m1 along ) o!r occurr5ces once deem$ miracul\s1 to a place 9 ! natural ord] ( ?+s4 ,! /ati/ics ( premature burial & ( ! resuscitation ( ! app>5tly dead be=e burial are suffici5tly /rong to ?r[ grave d\bt on any cont5tion t ! resuscitations n>rat$ ( ,elijah#ag & ,eli%a#ah d n belong 9 t hi/orical s]ies4 ,x has be5 frequ5tly obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t !re is mu* reluctance to apply to ! ,new ,te/am5t ! me?ods & canons ( criticism t are appli$ to ! ,old4 ,x w be s 9 ! pres5t case1 ?r\gh appreh5sion ( someh[ detract+ f ! di/9ctive glory ( ,*ri/4 ,t fe> w n di/urb "o :o sees t glory n 9 8 mighty works1 ! l ( :i* 7 wr\ght by ! prophets1 b 9 ! spiritual maje/y ( 8 p]sonality1 ! div95ess ( 8 message to ! _w1 & ( ! life & dea? t illu/rat$ x4 ,"o case1 at lea/1 among ,jesus' rais+s ( ! dead1 t ( ! "y daught] ( ! rul] ( ! synagogue1#ai is admitt$ ev5 by sceptical critics to h be5 a resuscitation f ! trance t m]ely simulates dea?4 ,b ! fact t !re is a record ( 8 say+ 9 ?is case1 ! *ild is n dead1 b sleepe?1 & no record ( 8 say+ ! same at ! bi] ( ! wid['s son1#bj is slight gr\nd1 yet all ! gr\nd !re is1 aga9/ ! great probabilities to ! contr>y1 = reg>d+ ! latt] case z s transc5d5tly diff]5t f ! =m] z ! actual reembodim5t ( a dep>t$ _s recall$ f ano!r _w4 ,7 ^! ! only two cases ( re/oration to life 9 ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus1 x is mo/ probable t !y w\ld be reg>d$ z ( ! same k9d4 ,! rais+ ( ,laz>us#ba pres5ts peculi> features1 9 view ( :i* x is g5]ally reg>d$ z ( ano!r k9d1 & ! greate/ ( miracles1 s /up5d\s t ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,dawson1 9 8 rec5t ,life ( ,*ri/1 writt5 f an evangelical /&po9t1 says ( x3 ,ev5 ! mo/ dev\t m9d may be =giv5 occasional pangs ( incr$ulity4 ,b ! consid]ations already pres5t$ are c]ta9ly suffici5t to ju/ify a reexam9ation ( ! case4 ,& x is to be borne 9 m9d t ! "q at issue is1 n :at ! eye-witnesses at t "t believ$1 n :at ! ,*ur* f t "t to ?is has believ$1 n :at we are will+ to believe1 or w\ld l to believe1 b :at all ! facts ) any be>+ on ! case1 tak5 toge!r1 fully ju/ify u 9 believ+ z to ! real nature ( x4 ,:at ,jesus is record$ z say+ ( x is1 ( c\rse1 ( prime importance4 ,our fri5d ,laz>us is fall5 asleep1 b ,i g t ,i may awake him out ( sleep4 ,7 ?is all1 ! case might easily h be5 class$ z "o ( trance4 ,! disciples1 h[ev]1 und]/ood ,jesus to speak ( natural sleep4 ,!n ,jesus !re=e said unto !m pla9ly1 ,laz>us is dead4 ,tradition puts ! maximum mean+ into ?is ^w dead4 ,b if ?is ^w "h qualifies ! prec$+ ^w1 fall5 asleep1 s also is x qualifi$ by t2 ! two are mutually explanatory1 n contradictory4 ,^! alt]natives are be=e u3 ,is ! maximum or ! m9imum mean+ to be assign$ to ! crucial ^w dead8 ,= ! m9imum1 "o c say t a dea?ly trance1 already made virtual dea? by imm$iate int]m5t1 w\ld amply ju/ify ,jesus 9 us+ ! ^w dead 9 ord] to impress ! disciples ) ! gravity ( ! case1 z n a natural b a dea?ly1 &1 9 ! exi/+ situation1 a fatal sleep4 ,= ! maximum1 no m c be advanc$ ?an ! haz>d\s ass]tion t ,jesus mu/ h us$ ! ^w ) te*nical precision 9 its cu/om>y s5se2 an ass]tion ( c\rse protect$ f dispro( by our ignorance ( ! actual fact4#bb ,b :atev] support ?is view ( ! case d]ives f su* ignorance is ov]balanc$ by ! support suppli$ to ! o!r view by ! long hi/ory ( revivals f ! dea?ly trance1 & by ! probabilities :i* t hi/ory creates4 ,_m1 to :om ! view "h propos$ seems n only new1 b unwelcome1 & ev5 revolution>y1 may reasonably pref] to susp5d judgm5t = reflection2 b mean:ile "s fur!r consid]ations may be ent]ta9$4 #a4 ,aside f ! unwill+ness to ab&on a long-*]i%$ belief on any subject :atev]1 :i* is bo? a natural1 &1 :5 n pu%$ to an unreasonable l5g?1 a desirable brake on all inconsid]ate *ange1 no practical int]e/ is ?reat5$ by ! adoption ( ! view "h sugge/$4 ,religi\s int]e/1 s f> z x is also intellig5t1 is c]ta9ly n ?reat5$4 ,! evid5ces ( ,jesus' div9e "* & mission re/+1 z = mod]n m5 x re/s1 n on remote wond]s1 b on n[ ackn[l$g$ facts ( an e?ical & spiritual k9d1 is altoge!r indep5d5t ( our conclusion :e!r x 0 f actual or only app>5t dea? t ,laz>us 0 rais$4 ,s9ce all ! mighty works wr\ght by ,jesus1 & ?is among !m1 7 id5tical 9 type ) ^? wr\ght by ! anci5t prophets1 ) :om 8 c\ntrym5 class$ him 9 8 lifetime1 _! evid5tial significance c\ld be1 ev5 = ! eye-witnesses at t tomb1 no great] = him ?an = an ,eli%a1--signs ( a div9e mission atte/+ itself by works ( m]cy4 #b4 ,z works ( m]cy ^! rais+s f ! dead1 includ+ t ( ,laz>us1 rank f> high] 9 ! view ( !m "h propos$ ?an 9 ! traditional view4 ,?is reg>ds !m z ! recall ( dep>t$ spirits f :at is hop$ to be a bett] _w4 ,yet ?is1 :ile x turns sorr[ = a "t into joy1 involves n only ! recurr5ce ( t sorr[ 9 all its ke5ness1 b also a second ta/+ ( ! pa9s prelim9>y to ! dea?-gate1 :5 ! "t comes to pass t gate aga94 ,b 9 ! o!r view1 a rais+ f ! dea? t is only simulat$ is a m]ciful deliv]ance f a calamity great] ?an simple dea?1 if t be any calamity at all1--! fate ( burial alive4 ,9 ! =m] view1 !re=e1 ! quality ( m]cy1 di/9ctive ( ! mighty works ( ,jesus1 is imp]fectly demon/rable4 ,9 ! pres5t view1 z ! rescue ( ! liv+ f dea? 9 "o ( its mo/ horrible =ms1 x is abundantly conspicu\s4 #c4 ,! onlook]s by ! tomb ( ,laz>us d\btless reg>d$ 8 awak5+ z revival f actual dea?4 ,_! op9ion1 h[ev]1 does n b9d our judgm5t any m ?an x is b\nd by ! op9ion ( o!r onlook]s1 t ,jesus' heal+ ( ! insane & epileptic 0 ?r\gh ! expulsion ( demons t possess$ !m4 ,9 ea* in/ance x 0 und]/ood z a sign ( control ov] be+s belong+ to ano!r _w4 ,b su* an atte/ation ( ,jesus' div9e mission1 hav+ be5 sup]s$$ = u by pro(s ( high] "*1 is n[ no m ne$ful = u 9 ! case ( ! dead ?an 9 ! case ( ! demons4 #d4 ,! p[] ( break+ ! dea?ly trance1 ( quick5+ ! dormant life1 re5]giz+ ! collaps$ n]v\s organism1 & end+ its p>alysis ( s5sation & motion1 may be reasonably reg>d$ z p[] ( ! same psy*ical k9d t ,jesus regul>ly ex]t$ 9 heal+ ! suff]]s f n]v\s disord]s :o 7 reput$ victims ( demoniac possession4#bc ,9 ?is view ^! resuscitations f app>5t dea? appe> 9 natural coh]5ce ) ! _m o!r works ( m]cy t ,jesus wr\ght z ! ,great ,physician ( 8 p1 & may be reg>d$ z ! cr[n & consummation ( all 8 re/orative m9i/ries4 ,jesus' ?anksgiv+ aft] ! tomb _h be5 op5$--,fa!r1 ,i ?ank !e t ?\ ha/ he>d me--%[s t he _h gird$ himself = a supreme ef=t by conc5trat+ ! utmo/ en]gy ( 8 _s 9 pray]4 ,physically p>allel ) ?is 0 ! int5sity ( voice put into 8 call to ! occupant ( ! tomb4 ,?is is bett] repres5t$ 9 ! orig9al ?an 9 our translation3 ,he %\t$ ) a great voice1 ',laz>us1 come =?4' ,! :ole record indicates ! utmo/ t5sion ( all 8 en]gies1 & closely comports ) ! view t ?is /ood to ! sequel 9 ! relation ( cause to effect4#bd ,ano!r circum/ance n )\t be>+ on ! case is ! en]giz+ p[] ( ! int5se sympa?y ) ! b]eav$ family t /irr$ ! s\l ( ,jesus to weep & groan ) !m4 ,& x is n )\t significance t ?is /rong factor appe>s active 9 ! l>g] numb] ( ! ,biblical cases1--?ree ( !m only *ildr51 two ( ^! ! *ildr5 ( ! pitiable class ( wid[s4 ,peculi>1 !n1 z 0 ! case ( ,laz>us1 our exam9ation ( x reveals no sub/antial gr\nd = insi/+ t x 0 ess5tially unlike ! previ\s case ( ! rul]'s daught]1 t x 0 ! br++ back into a decay+ body ( a _s t _h ent]$ into ! _w ( dep>t$ s\ls4 ,! actual fact1 ( c\rse1 is indemon/rable4 ,our conclusion has to be =m$ :olly ^u ! probabilities ( ! case1 & mu/ be =m$ 9 a reasonable *oice betwe5 ! great] probability & ! less4 ,! re/oration ( ,dorcas to life by ,pet]1 record$ 9 ! book ( ,acts1#be ne$s no special discussion beyond ! v>i\s consid]ations already adduc$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! case ( ,euty*us1 record$ 9 ! same book1#bf requires m5tion only le/ x %\ld seem to h be5 =gott51 z x is n 9 po9t at all4 ,! record makes x highly probable t ! suppos$ dea? 0 no?+ m ?an ! loss ( consci\sness = a few h\rs 9 consequ5ce ( a fall f ! w9d[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if "o %\ld "h sugge/ t no m5tion has yet be5 made ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus himself1 x mu/ be po9t$ out t ?is is a fact ( a totally diff]5t k9d f any ( ! =ego+ cases4 ,to speak1 z _m d1 ( ! resurrection ( ,laz>us is a misuse ( words4 ,resuscitation to life 9 ?is _w1 & resurrection1 ! ris+ up ( ! releas$ _s into ! life ( ! _w to come1 are z di/9ct z are ! worlds to :i* !y sev]ally belong4 ,we "h consid] only ! rais+s :i* re/or$ to ! virtually dead _! int]rupt$ mortal life4 ,! ris+ f ! mortal into ! immortal /ate belongs to an entirely diff]5t field ( /udy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ap>t1 !n1 f traditional prepossessions1 exam9ation ( ! ,biblical n>ratives discloses no?+ to invalidate ! hypo!sis :i* "o :o is acqua9t$ ) ! copi\s record ( app>5t b unreal dea? mu/ s]i\sly & imp>tially consid]4 ,! reput$ly miracul\s rais+s ( ! dead relat$ 9 bo? ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t may1 ) entire reason1 & )\t detrim5t to religion1 be class$ ) su* z are relat$ outside ( ! ,scriptures1 9 anci5t times z well z mod]n1 & z ph5om5a :olly )9 ! natural ord]1 h[ev] extraord9>y4 ,! practical result ( su* a conclusion is likely to be a ga9 = ! hi/oricity ( ! ,scripture n>ratives 9 ! e/imate ( a l>ge class ( ?\ghtful m9ds4 ,,footnotes3 #ab ,an objection to ! hi/oricity ( ! rais+ ( ,laz>us :i* is made on ! gr\nd t s great a "w1 if hi/orical1 w\ld h be5 relat$ by m ?an "o ( ! ,evangeli/s1 yields on reflection ! possibility t ,jesus may h effect$ m ?an ! ?ree rais+s record$ ( him4 ,john is ! sole n>rator ( ! rais+ ( ,laz>us4 ,b he omits notice ( ! two rais+s record$ by ! o!r ,evangeli/s1 :ile ,mat!w & ,m>k d n record ! rais+ ( ! wid['s son record$ by ,luke4 ,all ?is sugge/s t ! record may h pres]v$ = u specim5s r ?an a complete li/ ( ?is class ( miracles4 7,comp>e ,john xxi4 #be47 #ac ,we h frequ5t cases ( trance1 444 :]e ! p>ties seem to die1 b aft] a "t ! _s returns1 & life goes on z be=e4 ,9 all ?is !re is no miracle4 ,:y may n ! resuscitations 9 ,*ri/'s "t possibly h be5 simil> cases8 ,is n ?is less improbable ?an t ! natural ord] ( ! univ]se %\ld h be5 set aside8--,! ,problem ( ,f9al ,de/9y1 by ,william ,b4 ,br[n1 ,d4,d41 #ahii4 #ad ,on acc\nt ( ! c]emonial uncleanness caus$ by ! dead body4 ,see ,numb]s v4 #b1 & _m simil> passages4 #ae ,buri$ ,alive 7,univ]sal ,tru? ,publi%+ ,co41 ,*icago74 ,see also ,premature ,burial1 by ,d4 ,wal% 7,william ,wood ,co41 ,new ,york71 & ,premature ,burial1 by ,w4 ,tebb & ,e4 ,p4 ,vollum 7,new ,am/]dam ,book ,co41 ,new ,york74 #af ,o!r writ]s might be m5tion$1 z ,mme4 ,neck] 7#agij71 ,dr4 ,vigne 7#ahda74 ,yet on ! o!r h& x is alleg$1 t none ( ! num]\s /ories ( ?is dreadful accid5t :i* h obta9$ cr$5ce f "t to "t seem to be au!ntic 7,am]ican ,cyclop$ia1 art4 ,burial74 ,all[+ a wide m>g9 = exagg]ation & cr$ulity1 !re is c]ta9ly a residuum ( fact4 ,a correspond5t ( ! 7,london7 ,spectator a few ye>s s9ce te/ifi$ to a di/ress+ case 9 8 own family4 #ag ,k+s xvii4 #ag-bc4 #ah ,k+s iv4 #cb-cf4 #ai ,m>k v4 #ce-dc4 #bj ,luke vii4 #ab-af4 #ba ,john xi4 #aa-dd4 #bb ,0 ,jesus aw>e t ,laz>us 0 really n dead8 ,x is impossible to rea* a positive conclusion4 ,9 "s directions 8 k 0 c]ta9ly limit$4 ,t he 0 n aw>e ( ! reality might be inf]r$ f 8 seem+ to h all[$ 8 act to pass = :at1 9 ! view ( x "h sugge/$1 x 0 n1--! recall to life ( "o actually dead4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 assumes ! complet5ess ( a record ^: sil5ce on ?is po9t _c be press$ z conclusive4 ,x is1 inde$1 unlikely t ,jesus knew all t m$ical m5 n[ "k4 ,b aw>5ess ( any fact may be 9 v>y+ degrees f s]i\s suspicion up to positive c]titude4 ,:ile f> f positiv5ess1 aw>5ess may exi/ 9 a degree t gives c\rage = resolute ef=t result+ 9 cle> & full v]ification4 ,jesus may h be5 ignorant ( ! objective reality ( ,laz>us's condition1 & yet h be5 v hopeful ( be+ emp[]$ by ! div9e aid he pray$ = 7,john xi4 #da7 to cope ) x successfully4 #bc ,see pages #bh1 #bi1 ,note4 #bd ,jesus' works ( heal+ are explicitly attribut$ by ! ,evangeli/s to a peculi> p[] t issu$ f him4 ,9 ,m>k v4 #cj1 ,luke vi4 #ai1 & viii4 #df1 ! orig9al ^w dunamis1 :i* ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion translates virtue1 is m correctly r5d]$ p[] 9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion4 ,especially noticeable is ! peculi> phraseology ( ,m>k v4 #cj3 ,jesus p]ceiv+ 9 himself t ! p[] proce$+ f him _h gone =? 7,r4 ,v474 ,! peculi> circum/ances ( ! case sugge/ t ! go+ =? ( ?is p[] might be motiv$ sub-consci\sly1 z well z by consci\s volition4 #be ,acts ix4 #cf-db4 #bf ,acts xx4 #i-ac4 ,,iv ,,iv ,,synopsis4--,a cle>] conception ( miracle approa*$4--,works ( ,jesus once reput$ miracul\s n s reput$ n[1 s9ce n n[ transc5d+1 z once1 ! exi/+ range ( k & p[]4--,?is transf] ( ! miracul\s to ! natural likely to cont9ue4--,no h>d & fa/ l9e betwe5 ! miracul\s & ! non-miracul\s4--,miracle a provisional ^w1 its application n>r[+ 9 ! enl>g+ ma/]y ( ! secrets ( nature & life4 ,at ?is po9t x seems possible to approa* a cle>] und]/&+ ( ! prop] mean+ to atta* to ! g5]ally ill-def9$ & hazy t]m miracle4#bg ,mat!w ,arnold's fanta/ic illu/ration ( ! idea ( miracle by suppos+ a p5 *ang$ to a p5-wip] may fit "s miracles1 especially ^? ( ! ,ca?olic hagiology1 b1 if appli$ to ^? ( ,jesus1 w\ld be a c>icature4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t a reput$ miracle is n any sort ( wond]ful "w ^u any sort ( occasion1 b an act ( b5evol5t w ex]t$ = an imm$iate b5efit1#bh & transc5d+ ! !n exi/+ range ( human intellig5ce to expla9 & p[] to a*ieve4 ,! hi/oric reality ( at lea/ "s su* acts p]=m$ by ,jesus is ackn[l$g$ by critics z free f ! fa9te/ trace ( or?odox bias z ,keim3 ,! picture ( ,jesus1 ! work] ( miracles1 belongs to ! fir/ believ]s 9 ,*ri/1 & is no inv5tion4 ,x has already be5 not$ t a consid]able numb] ( ! !n reput$ miracles ( ,jesus1 p>ticul>ly 8 works ( heal+1 d n n[1 z !n1 transc5d ! exi/+ range ( k & p[]1 & accord+ly are no long] reput$ miracul\s4 ,& "o _c reasonably believe t a limit to ! und]/&+ & control ( =ces 9 ,nature & m9d t n[ are m or less occult has be5 already rea*$4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n incr$ible t "s ( ! mighty works ( ,jesus1 :i* /ill transc5d ! exi/+ limits ( k & p[]1 & s are /ill reput$ miracul\s1 & are suspect$ by _m z unhi/orical1 may 9 "s yet remote & rip] /age ( humanity be transf]r$1 z "s h already be51 to ! class ( ! non-miracul\s & natural4 ,dr4 ,robb9s1 ,dean ( ! ,g5]al ,!ological ,sem9>y1 ,new ,york1 aft] rem>k+ t ! ^w miracle has done m to introduce confusion into ,*ri/ian ,evid5ces ?an any o!r1 goes on to say3 ,to animals c]ta9 ev5ts to !m inexplicable are signs ( ! pres5ce ( human intellig5ce & p[]4 ,to m5 ^! miracles ( ,*ri/ are signs ( div9e intellig5ce & p[]4 ,b h[ is miracle to be diff]5tiat$ f o!r provid5tial deal+s ( ,god8 ,n by remov+ him fur!r f common ev5ts4 ,ab/ruse speculations conc]n+ ! relation ( miracles to o!r physical ph5om5a may be safely left to ! adju/m5t ( an age :i* %all h advanc$ to a m p]fect syn!sis ( k ?an ! pres5t c boa/4#bi ,! tru? to :i* su* consid]ations conduct is1 t no h>d & fa/ l9e c be drawn betwe5 ! miracul\s & ! non-miracul\s4 ,to ! untutor$ m9d1 l t ( ! savage :o ?\ght x miracul\s t a *ip ) a message writt5 on x _h talk$ to ! recipi5t1 ! simple/ ?+ t he _c expla9 is miracul\s3 omne ignotum pro mirifico1 said ,tacitus4 ,z ! range ( k & p[] wid5s1 ! range ( ! miracul\s n>r[s correspond+ly4 ,"s tw5ty ye>s s9ce1 ! ,int]national ,sunday-s*ool ,lessons employ$ z a pro( ( ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ ! reput$ly miracul\s k :i* he ev9c$ 9 8 fir/ int]view ) ,na?anael ( a solit>y h\r 9 ,na?anael's exp]i5ce4#cj ,s9ce !n x has be5 demon/rat$#ca by psy*ical rese>* t ! natural ord] ( ! _w includes telepa?y1 & ! range ( ! miracul\s has be5 correspond+ly r$uc$ )\t detrim5t to ! argum5t = ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 n[ re/$ on less prec>i\s gr\nd4 ,"u su* conditions z we h review$ a miracle _c always be "o & ! same ?+4 ,miracle mu/ !re=e be def9$ z be+ :at our :ole c\rse ( ?\ght has sugge/$ t x is3 9 g5]al1 an ela/ic ^w2 9 p>ticul>1 a provisional ^w1--a ^w ^: application n>r[s ) ! enl>g+ range ( human k#cb & p[] :i* = ! "t x transc5ds2 a ^w ^: hi/ory1 9 its record ( ranges already transc5d$1 prompts expectation t ranges /ill beyond may be transc5d$ 9 ! illimitable progress ( mank9d4 ,pr(essor ,le ,conte says t miracle is an occurr5ce or a ph5om5on accord+ to a law high] ?an any yet kn[n4 ,?us x is a case ( human ignorance1 n ( div9e int]f]5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we mu/ believe t ! goal ( progress is a fly+ goal2 t human atta9m5t c nev] rea* f9ality unless m5 cease to be4 ,& s all wid5+ ( human k & p[] mu/ ev] disclose fur!r limitations to be transc5d$4 ,!re w always be a ,beyond1 9 :i* dwells ! secret ( laws /ill undiscov]$1 t und]lie my/]ies unreveal$ & m>vels unexpla9$4 ,?is w h to be admitt$1 especially1 by ^? to :om ! m>vell\s is synonym\s ) ! incr$ible4 ,we h n be5 able to evisc]ate ev5 ^! prosaic & matt]-(-fact mod]n times ( m>vels ^: secret lies 9 ! yet uncatalogu$ or indef9able p[]s ( ! my/]i\s ag5t t we "n life3 witness _m well v]ifi$ facts record$ by ! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>*4#cc ,h[1 !n1 is x consi/5t to affirm t no su* m>vels 9 anci5t records are hi/orical realities8 ,nay1 may x n be true t ! anci5t days ( se]s & prophets1 ! days ( ,jesus1 days ( ! sublime /riv+s ( great & lonely s\ls = clos] conv]se ) ! ,inf9ite ,_s beh9d 8 mask ( ,nature1 (f]$ bett] conditions = m>vell\s exp]i5ces & de$s ?an ^! days ( sci5tific laboratories & factories1 & _w-m>kets & _w-politics8 ,,footnotes3 #bg ,e>ly & m$iaeval !ologians agree 9 conceiv+ ! miracul\s z be+ above1 n contr>y to1 nature4 ,! "q ent]$ on a new phase :5 ,hume def9$ a miracle z a violation ( nature1 & ass]t$ ! impossibility ( sub/antiat+ its actual occurr5ce4 ,! mod]n discussion has proce$$ l>gely 9 view ( ,hume's de/ructive criticism4 ,assum+ ! possibility ( a miracle1 ! que/ions ( fact & ( def9ition rema94--,diction>y ( ,psy*ology4 ,:5 we f9d ! def9ition = :i* we are se>*+1 ! miracul\s w no long] be a problem4--,,pr(essor ,w4 ,,s&ay1 at ! ,anglican ,*ur* ,congress1 #aijb4 #bh ,= exceptions see ,mat!w xxi4 #ai2 ,acts xiii4 #aj1 #aa4 #bi ,a ,*ri/ian ,apologetic1 p4 #ig4 #cj ,john i4 #dg-ej4 #ca ,9 ! op9ion ( su* psy*ologi/s z ,pr(essor ,william ,james1 ( ,h>v>d1 ! late ,pr(essor ,h5ry ,sidgwick1 ( ,cambridge1 ,engl&1 & o!rs ( l em95ce4 #cb ,a h9t ( ?is 0 giv5 by ,augu/9e3 ,port5tum non fit contra naturam1 s$ contra quam e/ nota natura4--,de ,civitate ,dei4 #cc ,consult ! late ,f4 ,w4 ,h4 ,my]s's rem>kable volumes on ,human ,p]sonality & ,survival aft] ,dea? 7,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co474 ,v ,v ,,synopsis4--,biblical miracles ! efflu5ce ( extraord9>y lives4--,life ! _w's magician & miracle work]2 its miracles n[ t]m$ prodigies4--,miracle ! natural product ( an extraord9>y end[m5t ( life4--,life ! ultimate reality4--,:at any man c a*ieve is condition$ by ! psy*ical quality ( 8 life4--,no?+ m natural1 m sup]natural1 ?an life4--,! d]iv$ life ( ! _w filial to ! self-exi/5t life ( ,god1 begott51 n made4--,miracle1 z ! product ( life1 ! "w ( ,god4 ,be x not$1 n[1 t ! m>vell\s ph5om5a ( ! ,biblical record1 :atev] else be ?\ght ( !m1 are1 ev5 to a sup]ficial view1 ! extraord9>y efflu5ce ( extraord9>y lives4 ,"h at l5g? we ga9 a cle>] conception ( miracle4 ,life is ! _w's great magician1--life1 s famili>1 yet s my/]i\s2 s commonplace1 yet s transc5d5t4 ,no miracle is m m>vell\s ?an its do+s witness$ 9 ! biological laboratory1 or m inexplicable ?an its trans=mation ( dead matt] into liv+ fle%1 its developm5t ( a ,%akespe>e f a microscopic bit ( protoplasm4 ,b its my/]i\s processes are too common = g5]al m>vel2 we m>vel only at ! uncommon4 ,! boy ,z]ah ,colburn 9 half a m9ute solv$ ! problem1 ,h[ _m seconds s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era8 ,we pref] to call ?is a prodigy r ?an a miracle1--a di/9ction m v]bal ?an real2 & we fancy we h expla9$ x :5 we say t su* ari?metical p[] 0 a peculi> end[m5t ( 8 m5tal life4 ,n[ all ( ! inexplicable1 inimitable reality t at any "t has to be left by ! baffl$ intellect z an unsolv$ wond] "u ! "n ( miracle is j t1--! natural product ( an extraord9>y end[m5t ( life4 ,m ( its m>vell\s capability is lat5t 9 common m51 9 ! subconsci\s dep?s ( be+1 ?an has ev] yet fla%$ =? 9 ! c>e] ( uncommon m54 ,"s sci5ti/s say t x dep5ds on *emical & physical =ces4 ,x inde$ uses ^! to build ! v>i\s bodies x inhabits1 b aga9 x leaves ^! to de/roy ^? bodies :5 x quits !m4 ,! mo/ con/ant & ubiquit\s ph5om5on 9 ! _w1 ! ultimate reality 9 ! univ]se1 is life1 reveal+ its pres5ce 9 innum]able modes ( activity1 f ! dance ( atoms 9 ! rock to ! philosophiz+ ( ! sage & ! aspirations ( ! sa9t1--! creator ( ,nature1 ! adm9i/rator ( ! regul> processes we call ! laws ( ,nature1 ! au?or ( ! wond]s m5 call miracul\s because !y are uncommon & ill und]/ood4 ,! works ( :i* any man is naturally capable are condition$ by ! psy*ical quality ( 8 life1 & its p[] to use ! =ces ( ,nature4 ,?r\gh diff]5ces ( vital end[m5t "s c use color1 z wond]ful pa9t]s1 & o!rs employ s\nd1 z wond]ful musicians1 9 ways impossible to ^? o!rwise end[$4 ,s a poet is born1 n made4 ,s p]sons ( feeble frame1 /imulat$ by disease or fr5zi$ by passion1 h put =? pret]natural & prodigi\s muscul> /r5g?4 ,by :at we call clairvoyant p[] life calls up 9 intellig5t p]ception ?+s go+ on f> beyond ocul> vision4 ,by :at we call telepa?ic p[] life communicates intellig5ce ) life sep>at$ by miles ( space4 ,su* are "s ( ! p[]s t h be5 discov]$1 & fully atte/$1 b n expla9$1 z belong+ to ! _w's ma/] magician1 ,life4 ,& :5 ! poet asks1-- ,ah1 :at w our *ildr5 be1 ,! m5 ( a hundr$ ?\s&1 a million summ]s away8 we c only answ] ) ! ,apo/le3 ,x do? n yet appe> :at we %all be4 ,b we _c deem x likely t ! p[]s ( life1 ,deep seat$ 9 our my/ic frame1 & giv+ =? su* fla%es ( _! inh]5t virtue1 h already rea*$ _! ultimate developm5t4 ,we look ) wond] & awe into ! secret %r9e ( life1 :]e two sc>cely visible cells unite to =m ! human be+ ^: ?\ght %all arrange ! />ry heav5s 9 maje/ic ord]1 & h>ness ! titanic en]gies ( ,nature = ! _w's "w4 ,!re we behold ! real sup]natural4 ,no?+ is m natural ?an life1 & no?+ also m sup]natural4 ,biology /udies all ! v>i\s =ms t ! _w %[s ( x1 & affirms t life1 ?\gh multi=m1 is "o4 ,?is embryology atte/s1 %[+ t ! :ole asc5t ( life ?r\gh div]se =ms f ! l[e/ to ! highe/1 dur+ ! millions ( ye>s s9ce life fir/ manife/$ its pres5ce on ?is globe1 is recapitulat$ 9 ! /ages ( gr[? ?r\gh :i* ! human be+ passes 9 ! few mon?s be=e its bir?4 ,& philosophy1 :i* does n seek ! liv+ among ! dead1 affirms1 omne vivum ex vivo4 ,! v>i$ b unit>y life ( ! _w is ! /ream ( an exhau/less spr+4 ,x is filial to ! life ( ,god1 ! ,fa!r ,almighty4 ,:at ! anci5t cre$ affirm$ ( ! ,*ri/ z ! ,son ( ,god--:om 8 belov$ disciple recogniz$ z ! et]nal life :i* 0 ) ! ,fa!r & 0 manife/$ unto u#cd--may be truly affirm$ ( ! my/]i\s reality t is kn[n z life3 ,begott5 n made2 be+ ( "o sub/ance ) ! ,fa!r2 ?r\gh :om or :i* all ?+s 7 made4 ,look+ f ! d]iv$ & f9ite life ( ! _w1 visible only 9 ! signs ( its pres5ce1 b 9 its reality no m visible ?an him :om no man ha? se51 nor c see1 up to ! life und]iv$1 aborig9al1 inf9ite1 we recognize ,god & ,life z t]ms ( id5tical significance4 ,h[ sup]ficial ! notion ( miracles z ! p]sonal int]v5tion ( ,god into ! *a9 ( cause & effect1 9 :i* he is ! con/ant vital elem5t4 ,if an ev5t deem$ miracul\s is ev] ascrib$1 z ( old1 to ! f+] ( ,god1 ! reality beh9d ! ph5om5on is simply a high] or a /rong] p[] ( life ?an is recogniz$ 9 an ev5t ( a common type--life t is "o ) ! inf9ite & univ]sal ,life1 ,life t 9 me has re/1 ,z ,i1 undy+ ,life1 h p[] 9 ,!e4 ,,footnotes3 #cd #a ,john i4 #b4 ,,vi ,,vi ,,synopsis4--,! "q1 bo? old & new1 n[ confront+ !ologians4--,_! rec5t retreat ^u ! m9imum ( miracle4--,! pres5t conflict ( op9ion 9 ! ,*ur*4--,its turn+-po9t rea*$ 9 ! antipodal turn-ab\t 9 ! treatm5t ( miracles f ! old to ! new apologetics4--,revision ( ! traditional idea ( ! sup]natural requir$ = !ological readju/m5t4 ,! pres5t l9e ( ?\ght has n[ rea*$ ! po9t :]e an important "q confronts u1--a "q n :olly new4 ,)9 ! memory ( liv+ m5 !ologians h be5 compell$ to ask !mselves3 ,:at if ! geologi/s %\ld e/abli% facts t contradict our ,biblically d]iv$ doctr9e t ! univ]se 0 made 9 a week8 ,aga9 h !y be5 con/ra9$ to put to !mselves ! "q3 ,:at if ! evolutioni/s %\ld sup]s$e our doctr9e t ! creation is ! imm$iate product ( successive fiats ( ! ,creator by %[+ t x came gradually into exi/5ce ?r\gh ! progressive op]ation ( =ces imman5t 9 ! cosmos8 ,/ill aga9 h !y _h to face ! "q3 ,:at if mod]n criticism by ! discov]y ( demon/rable errors 9 ! ,sacr$ ,writ+s %\ld fault our doctr9e t1 z ! ,^w ( ,god1 ! ,bible is free f all & e error8 ,9 e in/ance ! dread$ concession1 :5 f\nd at l5g? to be en=c$ by mod]n le>n+1 has be5 f\nd to br+1 n ! loss t _h be5 appreh5d$1 b cle> ga9 to ! intellectual int]e/s ( religion4 ,n[ x is ?is same sort ( "q :i* returns ) ! unc]ta9ties & difficulties widely felt 9 ! ,*ur* to be ga!r+ ov] its hi!rto unvex$ belief 9 miracles z signs ( a div9e activity m imm$iate ?an x has recogniz$ 9 ! regul> processes ( ,nature4 ,! majority ( un$ucat$ ,*ri/ians /ill hold1 z =m]ly 9 ea* ( ! po9ts j m5tion$1 to ! traditional view4 ,miracle z a div9e int]v5tion 9 ! natural ord]1 a m close & direct div9e contact ) ! c\rse ( ?+s ?an is ! case 9 ord9>y exp]i5ce1 !y reg>d z ! insep>able & necess>y concomitant & pro( ( a div9e ,revelation4 ,to d5y miracles1 ?us und]/ood1 is c5sur$ z equival5t to d5ial ( ! reality ( ! ,revelation4 ,b x is r surpris+1 because x is r>e1 to f9d a man ( su* note 9 lit]ature z ,dr4 ,w4 ,rob]tson ,nicoll affirm+#ce t "o _c be a ,*ri/ian )\t believ+ at lea/ two miracles1 ! virg9 bir? & ! physical resurrection ( ! ,*ri/4 ,)\t comm5t on ! significance ( ?is retreat ^u ! m9imum ( miracle1 x mu/ "h be not$ t a m9ority ( ! ,*ur*1 n inf]ior to _! bre?r5 9 le>n+ & piety1 believe t !re are no tides 9 ,god's pres5ce 9 ,nature1 t 8 contact ) x is always ( ! close/3-- ,clos] is he ?an brea?+1 & ne>] ?an h&s or feet4 ,all natural op]ations are to !m div9e op]ations4 ,nature1 said ,dr4 ,m>t9eau1 is ,god's mask1 n 8 competitor4 ,:ile 8 ag5cy 9 ,nature may be recogniz$ at "o "t m ?an at ano!r1 x exi/s at any "t fully z mu* z at any o!r4 ,9 ! int]e/ ( ?is fundam5tal tru? ( religion !y affirm t miracles 9 ! traditional s5se ( ! ^w1 & 9 _! traditional limitation to ! small measure ( "t & space cov]$ by ,biblical n>ratives1 nev] occurr$4 ,ev5ts reput$ miracul\s h inde$ occurr$1 b simply z unusual1 inexplicable ph5om5a 9 ! natural ord] ( ?+s1 ! natural products ( exceptionally end[$ life1 &1 :e!r 9 anci5t "t or mod]n1 ! same sort ( ?+ ! _w ov]4 ,to ! argum5t t ?is involves d5ial ( a sup]natural ,revelation !y reply t x is m]e reason+ 9 a circle4 ,= if "o begs ! "q at ! outset by def9+ sup]natural ,revelation z revelation necess>ily evid5c$ by miracul\s div9e int]v5tion1 !n1 ( c\rse1 d5ial ( ?is is d5ial ( t1 & h[ is ! argum5t advanc$8 ,b1 besides ?is1 ! "q-begg+ def9ition is a fallaci\s confus+ ( ! cont5ts ( ! ,revelation ) its concomitants1 & ( its ess5tially spiritual "* ) ph5om5a 9 ! sph]e ( ! s5ses4 ,! turn+-po9t 9 ?is argum5t betwe5 ! two p>ties 9 ! ,*ur* has be5 rea*$ 9 ! antipodal *ange1 already ref]r$ to1 f ! old to ! new apologetics1--a *ange ^: inevitable consequ5ces d n yet seem to be cle>ly disc]n$ by ei!r p>ty 9 ! discussion4 ,! cont5tion t d5ial ( miracles z traditionally und]/ood c>ries d5ial ( sup]natural ,revelation has be5 virtually set aside1 ) its "q-begg+ def9ition & circul> reason+1 by ! apologetics n[ curr5t among believ]s 9 at lea/ a m9imum ( miracle 9 ! traditional s5se ( ! ^w1--especially 9 ! two *ief miracles ( ! virg9 bir? & ! physical resurrection ( ,jesus4 ,z an em95t repres5tative ( ^! ! late ,dr4 ,a4 ,b4 ,bruce may be cit$4 ,^! adduce ! moral miracle1 ! s9lessness ( ,jesus1 z evid5tial = ! reality ( ! physical miracles z its congru\s accompanim5ts4 ,if1 says ,dr4 ,bruce1 we receive ,him z ! great moral miracle1 we %all receive mu* m = ,8 sake4#cf ,b :at a turn-ab\t ( ! traditional argum5t on ! evid5ces6 ,! old] apologetes argu$3 ,?is cr[n ( miracul\s p[] bespeaks ! royal dignity ( ! we>]4 ,! mod]n apologete reasons3 ,?is royal "* mu/ h a cr[n ( miracul\s p[] correspond+ ) 8 moral wor?4 ,9 ?is antipodal rev]se ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght x is q pla9 t = evid5tial purposes ! miracle is /ripp$ ( its anci5t value4 ,& x has already be5 obs]v$ t mod]n k has n[ transf]r$ _m ( ! ,biblical miracles to ! new rooms discov]$ = !m 9 ! natural ord] ( ?+s4 ,x is n premature1 !re=e1 = lead]s ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght to put once m to !mselves ! "q1 con/antly recurr+ z le>n+ advances3 ,:at !ological readju/m5t %\ld we h to make1 if oblig$ to conc$e t ! anci5t belief 9 miracle is n insep>able f belief 9 a sup]natural ,revelation1 n indisp5sable to belief !re98 ,:at modifi$ conception mu/ we =m1 if con/ra9$ to admit t ! liv+ ,god1 ev] imman5t 9 ,nature1 int]v5es 9 ,nature no m at "o "t ?an ano!r8 ,:at1 inde$1 b a revis$ & true 9 place ( a mi/ak5 conception ( ! t]m ,sup]natural8 ,,footnotes3 #ce ,! ,*ur* asks1 & x is entitl$ to ask ! critic3 ,d y believe 9 ! ,inc>nation & ,resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/8444 ,if he replies 9 ! negative1 he has miss$ ! way1 & has put himself outside ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4--,! ,*ur*'s ,"o ,f\ndation1 p4 #d4 ,note t ,inc>nation & ,resurrection are t]ms :i* ,dr4 ,nicoll con/rues z d5ot+ physical miracles4 ,:at ,dr4 ,nicoll "h means by outside ( ! ,*ur* he indicates by say+ else:]e1 t philosoph]s :o reckon goodness z ev]y?+1 & miracles z impossible1 are n ,*ri/ians 7op4 cit41 p4 #aj74 ,?is condition+ ( ,*ri/ian "* ^u an intellectual judgm5t conc]n+ ! reality ( remote occurr5ces is bo? unbiblical & une?ical1 z well z absurd :5 practically appli$4 ,"s ye>s s9ce1 ,dr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,abbott1 :o admits no miracle 9 ! life ( ,*ri/1 publi%$ a book1 ,! ,_s on ! ,wat]s1 9 :i* he inculcat$ ! wor%ip ( ,*ri/4 ,yet1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,nicoll1 su* a man is no ,*ri/ian6 #cf ,! ,miracul\s ,elem5t 9 ! ,gospels1 p4 #cec4 ,,vii ,,vii ,,synopsis4--,acc\nt to be made ( ! law ( atrophy ?r\gh disuse4--,! virg9 bir? & ! corporeal resurrection ( ,jesus1 ! two miracles n[ insi/$ on z ! irr$ucible m9imum1 affect$ by ?is law4--,! vital tru?s ( ! inc>nation & immortality indep5d5t ( ^! miracles4--,^! tru?s n[ plac$ on high] gr\nd 9 a tru] conception ( ! sup]natural4--,! true sup]natural is ! spiritual1 n ! miracul\s4--,scepticism br$ f ! contr>y view4--,! miracle n>ratives1 :ile less evid5tial = religion1 n unimportant = hi/ory4--,psy*ical rese>* a ne$ful auxili>y = ! sci5tific critic ( ^!4 ,to ! true conception ( ! sup]natural we %all pres5tly come4 ,b we _c proce$ )\t briefly rem9d+ ourselves ( ! c]ta9 consequ5ces ( ?is n[ f> advanc$ dropp+ ( miracles by mod]n apologetics f _! anci5t use z evid5ces ( a sup]natural ,revelation4 ,we are n ignorant ( ! law1 :i* holds ?r\gh\t ! mat]ial1 ! m5tal1 & ! moral realms1 t disuse t5ds to atrophy & ext9ction4 ,disus$ organs cease to exi/1 z 9 ! eyeless cave-fi%4 ,= c5turies ! /ory ( ! miracul\s bir? ( ,jesus 0 s]viceable = confirmation ( 8 claim to be ! ,son ( ,god4 ,9 ! address ( ! angel ( ! annunciation to ,m>y t claim is expressly re/$ on ! miracul\s conception ( ! holy ?+4#cg ,b z e?ical enlight5m5t gr[s1 ! conviction gr[s t1 :e!r ! physiological gr\nd ( t claim be t5able or n1 ! e?ical gr\nd ( x is ess5tially high]4 ,fa!r & son ev5 9 human relation%ips are t]ms ( m ?an physiological import4 ,x is matt] ( frequ5t exp]i5ce t1 :]e ! e?ical "* ( su* relation%ip is lack+1 ! physiological c\nts = no?+4 ,moreov]1 ! div9e son%ip ( ,jesus 9 a purely e?ical view re/s on gr\nd n only high] b inconte/able4 ,& s 9 our "t !ologians pref] to re/ x on f\ndations t _c be %ak51 on 8 moral on5ess ) ,god1 ! div95ess ( 8 _s1 ! ideal p]fectness ( 8 life4 ,! /r5g? ( ?is position be+ realiz$1 ! _w beg9s to he> f ,*ri/ian ?9k]s ! innovat+ affirmation t belief ( ! miracul\s bir? c no long] be deem$ ess5tial to ,*ri/ianity2 else x w\ld n h be5 left unm5tion$ 9 two ( ! f\r ,gospels1 & 9 e extant ,apo/olic lett]4 ,& n[ we he> !ologians say+3 ,i accept x1 b ,i place x no m among ! evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i def5d x1 b _c employ x 9 ! def5ce ( sup]natural ,revelation4 ,su* a /age ( ?\ght is only transitional4 ,an antiquat$ argum5t does n long survive 9 ! _w ( ?\ght4#ch ,milit>y weapons t h become uns]viceable soon f9d _! way ei!r to ! museum or ! f\ndry4 ,x is %ortsight$ n to =esee ! inevitable effect on our !ological mat]ial ( ! law ( atrophy ?r\gh disuse4 ,! case ( ! miracle is ! case ( a pill> orig9ally put 9 = ! support ( an anci5t ro(4 ,:5 ! ro( has a mod]n truss put b5ea? x spr++ f wall to wall1 ! pill> becomes an ob/acle1 & is remov$4 ,b z 9 su* a case ! ro(1 o!rwise support$1 does n fall 9 :5 ! pill> is remov$1 s nei!r is ! c5tral ,*ri/ian tru? ( ! inc>nation imp]ill$ by any weak5+ or vani%+ ( belief 9 ! doctr9e ( ! virg9 bir?4 ,9 a discussion ( ! subject 9 ,convocation at ,york1 ,engl&1 :ile ^! pages 7 be+ writt51 ! ,dean ( ,ripon 7,dr4 ,boyd ,c>p5t]7 urg$ t x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! inc>nation & ! virg9 bir? 7 two diff]5t ?+s1 & t "s :o f\nd difficulty 9 ! latt] fully accept$ ! =m]4 ,9 a rec5t s]mon ,dr4 ,briggs insi/s likewise ^u ?is3 ,! virg9 bir? is only "o ( _m /atem5ts ( ! mode ( inc>nation4444 ,! doctr9e ( ! inc>nation does n dep5d ^u ! virg9 bir?4444 ,x is only a m9or matt] connect$ ) ! inc>nation1 & %\ld h a subord9ate place 9 ! doctr9e4444 ,at ! same "t ! virg9 bir? is a ,new ,te/am5t doctr9e1 & we mu/ give x its prop] place & importance4444 ,! favorite idea ( ! inc>nation among ! p has ev] be5 ! simpl] "o ( ! virg9 bir?1 z 9 ! ,ave ,m>ia4 ,! !ologians h ev] pref]r$ ! m pr(\nd doctr9e ( ! ,hymn ( ! ,logos ,john i4 #a-ah4ci ,nay1 x may ev5 be f\nd t ! weak5+ ( belief 9 ! inc>nation z an isolat$ & miracul\s ev5t may t5d to promote a pr(\nd] conception ( x1 t br+s ! div9e & ! human into t\* & union at all po9ts in/ead ( 9 "o po9t4#dj ,a simil> *ange ( ?\ght1 less rem>k$ ?an its significance des]ves1 is conc]n$ ) t o!r great miracle1 ! corporeal resurrection ( ,jesus1 :i* su* writ]s z ,dr4 ,nicoll c\ple ) t ( 8 virg9 bir? z ! irr$ucible m9imum ( miracle1 belief 9 :i* is ess5tial to ,*ri/ian disciple%ip4#da ,= _m c5turies ! resurrection /ory 9 ! ,gospels has s]v$ z ! conclusive pro( bo? ( ! div9e son%ip ( ,jesus1#db & ( our own resurrection to immortality4#dc ,9 ! *ur*es x is /ill popul>ly reg>d$ z ! supreme1 suffici5t1 & indisp5sable fact requir$ = ! basis ( fai?4 ,b 9 _m a ,*ri/ian m9d ! ?\ght has dawn$1 t a s+le fact _c give adequate gr\nd = ! g5]al inf]5ce ( a univ]sal pr9ciple2 t a remote hi/orical fact1 h[ev] /rongly atte/$1 c ev9ce only :at has tak5 place 9 a giv5 case1 n :at w or mu/ occur 9 o!r cases2 :ile x is also inevitably m or less pursu$ by critical d\bt ( ! atte/ations support+ x4 ,?is ris+ tide ( reflection has compell$ resort to high] gr\nd1 to ! inw>d evid5ces 9 ! nature ( m9d t are m secure f ! d\bt to :i* all t is m]ely ext]nal & hi/orical is expos$4 ,a cle> di/9ction has be5 disc]n$ betwe5 ! real resurrection ( ,jesus--8 ris+ f ! mortal /ate into ! immortal1 & 8 ph5om5al resurrection--! manife/ations ( 8 *ange t are relat$ z hav+ be5 objectively witness$4 ,:at took place 9 ! invisible _w--8 real resurrection--is n[ m emphasiz$ by ,*ri/ian ?9k]s ?an ! ph5om5al resurrection 9 ! visible _w4 ,s cons]vatively or?odox a writ] z ,dr4 ,g4 ,d4 ,bo>dman goes s f> z to say3 ,aft] all1 ! real "q 9 ! matt] ( 8 resurrection is n1 ',did ,*ri/'s body rise8' ,t is b a subord9ate1 incid5tal issue4 ,! real "q1 z ,dr4 ,bo>dman admits1 is1 ,:e!r ,jesus ,*ri/ himself is ris51 & is alive to-day4#dd ,! ma9 /ress ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght to-day is n laid1 z =m]ly1 on ! ph5om5a record$ 9 ! /ory ( ! resurrection1 b on ! psy*ological1 moral1 & rational evid5ces ( a resurrection to immortality t until rec5t times 7 comp>atively disreg>d$4#de ,mean:ile ! v9dication ( ! reality ( ! ph5om5a relat$ ( ! ris5 ,jesus1 includ+ 8 bodily asc5sion1 ?\gh n a matt] ( indiff]5ce to _m ( ^? :o h f\nd ! high] gr\nds ( fai?1 has become to !m ( subord9ate importance4 ,x is well = ,*ri/ian fai? t its sup]s5su\s & impregnable gr\nds h be5 occupi$4 ,x is c]ta9 t anci5t records ( ext]nal ph5om5a _c 9 future con/itute1 z h]et(ore1 ! /ronghold ( fai?4 ,b x is by no means yet c]ta9 t !y h lo/ s]viceabl5ess z1 at lea/1 outworks ( ! /ronghold4 ,:ile ! doctr9e ( ! virg9 bir? seems to be ?reat5$ by atrophy1 ! doctr9e ( ! bodily resurrection1 ?\gh retir$ f prim>y to second>y rank1 seems to be wait+ r = cl>ification by fur!r k4 ,some?+ ( an objective nature c]ta9ly lies at its basis2 some?+ ( an ext]nal sort1 n ! product ( m]e imag9ation1 took place4 ,to ! fact ?us indef9itely /at$1 t hall[+ ( ,sunday z a day ( sacr$ & joyful obs]vance :i* is coeval ) ! e>lie/ traditions1 & ant$ates all records1 is an atte/ation z significant z any monum5tal m>ble4 ,no halluc9ation !ory1 no gradual rise & gr[? ( hope 9 ! m9ds ( a reflective few1 c acc\nt = t solid primeval monum5t4 ,b :at occurr$1 ! reality 9 di/9ctness f any leg5d>y accretions1 we %all be bett] able to conclude1 :5 ! tru? %all h be5 ?re%$ out conc]n+ ! reality1 at pres5t /rongly atte/$1 & z /rongly controv]t$1 ( c]ta9 extraord9>y b occult psy*ical p[]s4#df ,a po9t ( high significance = ^? :o w\ld cultivate a religi\s fai? n liable to be affect$ by *anges ( intellectual outlook or insight is1 t ?is l[] valuation ( miracle obs]vable among ,*ri/ian ?9k]s has n be5 rea*$ ?r\gh brea*es made by sceptical d\bts ( ! reality ( a sup]natural ,revelation4 ,!y h1 ( c\rse1 felt ! reasonabl5ess ( ! difficulties ) :i* traditional op9ions h be5 encumb]$ by ! advance ( k4 ,b s f> f giv+ way !reupon to d\bts ( ! reality ( div9e ,revelation1 !y h s\ght & f\nd less assailable def5ces = _! fai? 9 x ?an ^? t suffic$ _! fa!rs4 ,& _! satisfaction !re) /&s 9 no sympa?y ) ^? :o hold x a m>k ( enlight5m5t to assume ) ,mat!w ,arnold1 t miracles d n happ54 ,x has result$ r f rea*+ ! high] gr\nds ( religi\s ?\ght1 on :i* sup]natural ,revelation is recogniz$ 9 its ess5tial "* z di/9ctively moral & spiritual4 ,! true sup]natural is ! spiritual1 n ! miracul\s1 a high] ord] ( ,nature1 n a contradiction ( ,nature4 ,! ,revelation ( ,jesus 0 altoge!r spiritual4 ,x consi/$ 9 ! ideas ( ,god :i* he communicat$ by 8 m9i/ry & tea*+1 by 8 "* & life4 ,b ?is1 ! real sup]natural1 0 n obvi\s z su* to 8 contempor>ies4 ,!y look$ = x 9 ! l[] region ( physical effects4 ,& "h ! ,*ur* also 9 its embryonic spiritual life1 9 its pron5ess to ext]nalize religion 9 =ms ( rite1 & cre$1 & organization1 has ?\ght to f9d x4 ,jesus' repro(1 ,except ye see signs & wond]s ye w n believe1 is /ill p]t95t to ^? :o w n h x t ! sup]natural ,revelation--spiritual ?\gh x be--c be recogniz$ or believ$ 9 ap>t f an ackn[l$gm5t ( att5dant miracles1 wr\ght 9 physical nature by an int]v5tion ( ,god4 ,su* a cont5tion1 h[ev]1 is z futile & desp]ate z 0 ,john ,wesley's decl>ation1 ,! giv+ up ( wit*craft is 9 effect ! giv+ up ( ! ,bible4 ,su* mis*iev\s fallacies succe$ only 9 bl9d+ _m a m9d to ! real issue :i* ! moral & spiritual ,revelation ( ,jesus makes ) m5 ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,x is ^! fallacies1 & n _! critics1 t create ! mo/ ( scepticism4#dg ,b :ile ! "q :e!r miracles are cr$ible has ceas$ to be ( vital importance1 x has by no means lo/ all importance4 ,on ! contr>y1 s long z ! pa? ( progress is guid$ by ! lamp ( exp]i5ce1 s long w x be ( consequ5ce t ! hi/orical record ( exp]i5ce be f\nd tru/wor?y4 ,x may suit ! ov]we5+ pride :i* defies bo? ! pa/ & ! pres5t to say ) ,bonap>te1 t hi/ory is only a fable t m5 h agre$ to believe4 ,b x is a human int]e/1 & a satisfaction ( normal m9ds to e/abli%1 s f> z reason p]mits1 ! cr$ibility ( e record o/5sibly hi/oric4 ,to discov] t anci5t exp]i5ces1 once suppos$ to be miracul\s rais+s f real dea?1 may reasonably be class$ ) well atte/$ exp]i5ces ( to-day1 bett] und]/ood z resuscitations f a dea?like trance1 %\ld be welcom$ by unprejudic$ hi/orical critics1 z r$eem+ portions ( ! anci5t record f mi/ak5 disp>agem5t z leg5d>y4 ,t fur!r /udy may accr$it z facts1 or at lea/ z f\nd$ on facts1 "s o!r m>vels 9 t record _c1 except by arrant dogmatism1 be pron\nc$ improbable4 ,nev]!less1 x _c be expect$ t ! leg5d>y elem5t1 :i* bo? ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 great] & less degree exhibit1 c ev] be elim9at$4 ,su* /ories z t ( ! orig9 ( languages at ,babel1 & t ( ! resurrection ( anci5t sa9ts at ,jesus' resurrection are indubitable cases ( x4 ,b ! leg5d>y elem5t1 ?\gh p]man5t1 is at pres5t undef9$4 ,to def9e x is ! problem ( ! critical /ud5t1 a problem mo/ difficult to him ^: judgm5t is lea/ subjective2 & he w welcome e contribution t advanc+ k c supply4 ,reg>d+ miracle z ! natural product ( exceptionally end[$ life1 !re is no s\rce f :i* m light c be %$ on its ,biblical record ?an 9 ^? /udies ( ! exceptional ph5om5a & occult p[]s ( life :i* are prosecut$ by ! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>*1 ^: results are record$ 9 its publi%$ ,proce$+s4 ,= ^? famili> ) ?is record ! leg5d>y elem5t 9 ! ,bible t5ds to %r9k into small] compass ?an _m critics assign x4 ,9 ! int]e/ bo? ( ! ,bible & ( sci5ce x is regrettable t ! results ( ^! rese>*es1 ?\gh conduct$ by m5 ( high em95ce 9 ! sci5tific _w1 /ill enc\nt] ! same ho/ile scepticism ev5 f "s ,*ri/ian believ]s t ,hume direct$ aga9/ ! ,biblical miracles4 ,mr4 ,glad/one has put himself on record aga9/ ?is phili/9ism1 say+ t psy*ical rese>* is by f> ! mo/ important "w t is be+ done 9 ! _w4 ,7 "o dispos$ to prophesy1 v reasonable gr\nds c\ld be produc$ = ! pr$iction t1 great z 0 ! advance ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 9 physical k1 ! tw5tie? c5tury w witness an advance 9 psy*ical k equally great4 ,9 ?is advance "o may n unreasonably anticipate t "s1 at lea/1 ( ! ,biblical miracles may be reliev$ f ! scepticism t n[ widely discr$its !m4 ,,footnotes3 #cg ,luke i4 #ce4 #ch ,to :at ext5t ! law ( atrophy has begun to "w ^u ! doctr9e ( ! virg9 bir? appe>s 9 ! rec5t utt]ance ( s em95t an evangelical s*ol> z ,dr4 ,r4 ,f4 ,horton1 ( ,london4 ,! foll[+ report ( 8 rem>ks 9 a ,*ri/mas s]mon 9 #aija is tak5 f ! ,*ri/ian ,_w1 ,london4 ,we c\ld n imag9e ,paul1 ,pet]1 & ,john all ignor+ some?+ ess5tial to ! ,gospel !y prea*$4 ,/rictly speak+1 ?is n>rative 9 ,mat!w & ,luke 0 "o ( ! late/ t\*es 9 ! ,gospel1 belong+ to a p]iod =ty or fifty ye>s aft] ! ,"l _h pass$ away1 :5 m5 _h begun to realize :at he 0--! ,son ( ,god--& tri$ to express _! conviction 9 ?is =m or t4 ,! implication "h is unmi/akable1 t1 9 ,dr4 ,horton's view1 subjective consid]ations 9 ! m9ds ( pi\s believ]s1 r ?an objective fact1 =m ! basis ( ! /ory4 #ci ,see ! ,s]mon on ,born ( a ,virg91 9 ! volume on ,! ,inc>nation ( ,our ,"l4 #dj ,*ri/ian ?\ght has n err$ by ass]t+ too mu* conc]n+ ! inc>nation ( ,god1 b1 on ! contr>y1 too little4444 ,if ev] ov]bl[n by bla/s ( d5ial1 x is = want+ bread? ( base4444 ,m5 h disbeliev$ ! inc>nation1 because told t all !re 0 ( x 0 9 ,*ri/2 & !y reject :at is pres5t$ z exceptional to ! g5]al way ( ,god4 ,!y mu/ be told to believe m2 t ! age-long way ( ,god is 9 a p]petually increas+ inc>nation ( life1 ^: climax & cr[n is ! div9e fulness ( life 9 ,*ri/4--,f a disc\rse by ! pres5t writ] on ,life & its ,inc>nations1 9 ! volume1 ,new ,po9ts to ,old ,texts4 7,james ,cl>ke ,co41 ,london4 ,?omas ,:ittak]1 ,new ,york1 #ahhi47 #da ,see page #ig & ,note4 #db ,romans i4 #d4 #dc #a ,cor9?ians xv4 #af-bc4 #dd ,our ,ris5 ,k+'s ,=ty ,days1 #aijb4 #de ,9 /rong contra/ ) ?is are ! reaction>y prote/s ( ,dr4 ,w4 ,r4 ,nicoll3 ,to talk ( ! resurrection ( ! _s is prepo/]\s4 ,! _s does n die1 & !re=e _c rise4444 ,! "o resurrection ( :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t kn[s1 ! "o resurrection :i* all[s to language any mean+1 is ! resurrection ( ! body1 ! resurrection :i* leaves ! grave empty 7op4 cit4 p4 #acd74 ,x %\ld be not$ "h t ,jesus' argum5t ) ! ,sadducees on ! resurrection 7,luke xx4 #cg1 #ch7 logically proce$s on ! assumption t liv+ aft] dea? & ris+ aft] dea? are conv]tible t]ms4 ,also1 t ! contra/ involv$ 9 ! idea ( ! resurrection 7! ana/asis1 or ris+ up7 is a contra/ n betwe5 ! grave & ! sky1 b betwe5 ! l[] life ( mortals & ! high] life immortal4 ,= an ext5d$ exhibition ( ?is l9e ( evid5ce see ,! ,assurance ( ,immortality1 & ,! ,pres5t ,pl$ge ( ,life to ,come 79 two volumes ( disc\rses by ! pres5t writ]71 ,london1 ,james ,cl>ke ,co4 ,new ,york1 ,?omas ,:ittak]1 #ahhh & #ahhi4 #df ,c\ld x h be5 only an app>ition8 ,! c5sus ( halluc9ations conduct$ "s t5 ye>s s9ce by ! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>* ev9c$ ! reality ( v]idical app>itions ( deceas$ p]sons at or ne> ! "t ( _! dea?1 %[+ ! numb] ( v]ifi$ cases to be s l>ge z to exclude ! supposition ( *ance halluc9ation 7see ,proce$+s1 ,augu/1 #ahid74 ,or c\ld x h be5 a mat]ial body sudd5ly becom+ visible 9 a clos$ room1 z n>rat$ by ,luke & ,john8 ,fir/-class evid5ce1 if !re c be any su* = su* occurr5ces1 has be5 exhibit$ = su* ph5om5a z ! passage ( solid sub/ances ?r\gh int]v5+ doors & walls--easy en\gh1 say ma!maticians1 = a be+ famili> ) ! f\r? dim5sion--& ( ! levitation ( heavy bodies )\t physical support4 7,see ,proce$+s1 ,janu>y1 #ahid1 & ,m>*1 #ahie47 ,z to su* ?+s scepticism is d\btless 9 ord]1 b dogmatic contradiction is n4 ,sub judice lis e/4 #dg ,pr(essor ,bord5 ,p4 ,b[ne has ?us exhibit$ ?is great mi/ake & its griev\s consequ5ce3-- ,9 popul> ?\ght1 religi\s & irreligi\s alike1 ! natural is suppos$ to be some?+ t runs itself )\t any int]nal guidance or ext]nal int]f]5ce4 ,! sup]natural1 on ! o!r h&1 if !re be any su* ?+1 is n suppos$ to manife/ itself ?r\gh ! natural1 b by means ( port5ts1 prodigies1 int]positions1 dep>tures f1 or infractions (1 natural law 9 g5]al4 ,! realm ( law belongs to ! natural1 & ! natural runs itself4 ,h5ce1 if we are to f9d any?+ sup]natural1 we mu/ look = x 9 ! abnormal1 ! *aotic1 ! lawless1 or t :i* defies all r$uction to ord] t may be dep5d$ on4 ,?is notion und]lies ! traditional debate betwe5 naturalism & sup]naturalism4444 ,?is unhappy misconception ( ! relation ( ! natural to ! sup]natural has practically l$ ! great body ( uncritical ?9k]s into ! grotesque inv]sion ( all reason--! m law & ord]1 ! less ,god4--,zion's ,h]ald1 ,augu/ #bb1 #aijj4 ,,viii ,,viii ,,synopsis4--,! c>d9al po9t 9 ! pres5t discussion1 ! reality n ( miracles b ( ! sup]natural4--,fallacy ( po9t+ to physical ev5ts z ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( sup]natural ,revelation4--,! "* ( a revelation det]m9$ n by its circum/ances1 b by its cont5ts4--,moral nature sup]natural to physical4--,nature a hi]>*y ( natures4--,sup]natural ,religion hi/orically atte/$ by ! moral developm5t x g5]ates4--,transf] ( its di/9ctive note f moral ideals to physical m>vels a co/ly error4--,jesus' miracles a revelation1 ( a type common ) o!rs be=e & s9ce4--,! unique ,revelation ( ,jesus 0 9 ! high] realm ( div9e ideas & ideals4--,^!1 :ile unrealiz$ 9 human life1 /ill exhibit ! fact ( a sup]natural ,revelation4--,! di/9ction ( natural & sup]natural belongs to ! p]iod ( moral progress up to ! spiritual maturity ( man 9 ! image ( ,god4 ,! div9e possibilities ( humanity1 imag$ 9 ,jesus1 reveal$ z our inh]itance & our prize4 ,x rema9s f9ally to emphasize ! po9t ( c>d9al importance 9 ! consid]ations t h be5 pres5t$4 ,?is is n ! reality ( miracles1 b ! reality ( ! sup]natural1 :at x really is1 z di/9ct f :at x has be5 ?\ght to be4 ,! advance ( sci5ce & philosophy has br\ght to ! front ?is "q3 ,h ^? :o reject ! claims ( sup]natural ,religion be5 mis9=m$ z to :at x is8 ,is x1 z !y h be5 told1 dep5d5t = its atte/ation on signs & wond]s occurr+ 9 ! sph]e ( ! s5ses8 ,does x require acceptance ( ^!1 z well z ( its tea*+s8 ,or is its *>act]i/ic appeal :olly to ! high] nature ( man1 rely+ = its atte/ation on ! witness borne to x by ?is1 r ?an by extraord9>y ph5om5a pres5t$ to ! s5ses8 ,!re is at pres5t no intellectual int]e/ ( ,*ri/ianity m urg5t ?an ?is3 to pres5t to m9ds imbu$ ) mod]n le>n+ ! true conception ( ! sup]natural & ( sup]natural ,religion4 ,miracles1 legitimately view$ z ! natural product ( extraord9>y psy*ical p[]1 or1 to phrase x o!rwise1 ( an exceptional vital end[m5t1 belong n to ! ,hebrew race alone1 nor did !y cease :5 ! la/ survivor ( ! ,jewi% apo/les ( ,*ri/ianity pass$ away at ! end ( ! fir/ c5tury4 ,?is traditional op9ion ought by ?is "t to h be5 entomb$ toge!r ) its long defunct relative1 :i* repres5t$ ?is globe z ! fix$ c5tre ( ! revolv+ heav5s4 ,miracles h ! same univ]sality z human life4 ,nor w _! record be clos$ till ! evolution ( life is complete4 ,animal life1 advanc+ ?r\gh geologic aeons to ! adv5t ( man1 9 him rea*$ its climax4 ,spiritual life1 appe>+ 9 him z a new bud on an old /ock1 is evid5tly f> f its climax /ill4 ,to believe 9 miracles1 z rightly und]/ood1 is to believe 9 _s & life1 & 9 fur!r unfold+s ( _! /ill lat5t p[]s4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is j n[ ( subord9ate importance4 ,! pres5t int]e/ ( *ief mom5t is a riddance ( ! ho>y fallacy t vitiates ! curr5t idea ( a sup]natural ,revelation by look+ = its specific *>act]i/ics to ! physical _w4 ,by ?is deplorable fallacy ,*ri/ian !ology has bl9d$ ! m9ds ( _m sci5tific m5 to ! ess5tial claims ( ,*ri/ianity1 ) imm5se damage 9 ! arre/$ developm5t ( _! religi\s nature ?r\gh ! scepticism inevitably b ne$lessly provok$ by ?is great mi/ake4 ,:5 ,elijah proclaims to idolat]s t _! deity is no ,god1 &1 z we read1 corroborates 8 words by call+ d[n fire f heav5 to consume 8 sacrifice1 x is reckon$ z sup]natural ,revelation4 ,b x is n s reckon$ :5 ! sage 9 ! book ( ,prov]bs proclaims to a nation ( religi\s =mali/s ! moral "* ( ,god3 ,to d righte\sness & ju/ice is m acceptable to ! ,,"l ?an sacrifice4 ,?is is acc\nt$ z e?ical tea*+1 some:at 9 advance ( ! times4 ,a pagan r ?an a ,*ri/ian way ( ?9k+ is discov]able "h4 ,9 ea* ( ! cases cit$ ! specific "* ( sup]natural ,revelation is equally evid5t1--! disclosure ( spiritual tru? above ! natural ?\ght ( ! natural m5 to :om x came4 ,! "* ( any revelation is det]m9$ by ! "* ( ! tru? made kn[n1 n by ! drap]y ( circum/ances connect$ ) ! mak+ kn[n4 ,clo!s d n make ! man1 ?\gh co>se or c>eless p may ?9k s4 ,:at belongs to ! moral & spiritual ord] is sup]natural to :at belongs to ! mat]ial & physical ord]4 ,?is way ( ?9k+ w be =c$ on common m9ds by ?\ghtful obs]vation ( common ?+s4 ,animate nature ( ! l[e/ rank1 z 9 ! grass1 is ( a high] natural ord] ?an inanimate nature 9 ! soil ! grass spr+s f4 ,s5ti5t nature1 z 9 ! ox1 is ( a high] ord] ?an ! non-s5ti5t 9 ! grass4 ,self-consci\s & reflective nature 9 ! man is ( a high] ord] ?an ! selfless & non-reflective nature 9 8 bea/ ( burd54 ,9 ! composite be+ ( man all ^! ord]s ( nature coexi/1 & ea* high] is sup]natural to ! nature bel[ x4 ,nature1 ! compreh5sive t]m = all t comes into be+1 is a hi]>*y ( natures1 ris+ rank above rank f ! l[e/ to ! highe/4 ,! highe/ nature kn[n to u1 sup]natural to all bel[ x1 c only be ! moral nature1 ^: full satisfaction is necess>y to ! highe/ satisfaction ( a man1 & 9 ^: complete developm5t only c be realiz$ 9 p]man5cy 8 p]fect$ welf>e z a social be+4 ,n[ x is precisely 9 ! progress ( moral developm5t t sup]natural ,religion manife/s itself z a reality4 ,religion1 inde$1 is z natural to man z ,art4 ,b !re is religion & ,religion1 z !re is art & ,art--! sexual religion ( ! primitive ,semites1 ! animi/ic religion ( ,*9a1 ! spiritual ,religion t fl[]$ on ! ,m\nt ( ! ,beatitudes1 embryonic religion & ,religion adult2 all1 inde$1 natural1 yet ( l[] & ( high] grade4 ,d\btless1 ,religion ( :atev] grade outranks all o!r human activities by its di/9ctive aspiration to transc5d ! b\nds ( space & "t & s5se1 & to l9k ! individual to ! univ]sal2 & s all ,religion s\nds1 feebly or di/9ctly1 ! note ( ! sup]natural4 ,b ?is is ! resonant note ( ! spiritual ,religion :i* unfolds 9 ! moral progress ( ! _w4 ,z moral nature is sup]natural to ! psy*ical & ! physical1 s is its consummate bloom ( spiritual ,religion to be rank$ z su*1 relatively to ! religions :i* m or less dimly & bl9dly are ye>n+ & grop+ t[>d ! light t nev] 0 on sea or l&4 ,?us def9+ ! ^w accord+ to ! nature ( ! ?+1 sup]natural ,religion1 ) its coroll>y ( sup]natural ,revelation n z an app>ition f )\t1 b z an unfold+ f )91 is bo? a fact & a factor 9 ! developm5t ( spiritual man4 ,! t]m sup]natural ,religion has be5 rightly appli$ to t sy/em ( religi\s conceptions1 ideals1 & motives1 ^: effective culture ( ! moral nature is atte/$ hi/orically by a moral developm5t sup]ior to ! product ( any o!r kn[n religion4 ,:e!r ! greate/ sa9ts ( ,*ri/ianity are all ( !m :it] s\ls ?an any t c be f\nd among ! disciples ( any o!r religion1 may be matt] = argum5t4 ,!re c be no ga9say+ ! fact t1 ( great & l[ly toge!r1 no o!r religion %[s s _m sa9ts1 or has s advanc$ ! g5]al moral developm5t 9 l&s :]e x is widely foll[$4 ,b its ess5tial "* has be5 obscur$1 its appeal to man's highe/ nature foil$1 & its p[] lam$ by ! wret*$ fallacy t has transf]r$ its di/9ctive note ( ! sup]natural f its div9e ideals to ! physical m>vels emb$d$ 9 ! record ( its orig9al promulgation1 ev5 condition+ its validity & au?ority ^u _! reality4 ,su* is ! false issue :i*1 to ! discr$it ( ,*ri/ianity1 !ology has pres5t$ to sci5ce4 ,su* is ! confusion ( ideas t 9 ! light ( mod]n k inevitably blocks ! way to a reasonable religi\s fai? 9 multitudes ( m9ds !reby (f5d$4 ,f ?is co/ly error ,*ri/ian !ology at l5g? %[s signs t x is ab\t to extricate itself4#dh ,z to ! ,*ri/ian miracles1 !re c be no reasonable d\bt t mighty works1 deem$ by _m ( 8 contempor>ies sup]human1 7 wr\ght by ,jesus4 ,^!1 :atev] !y 71 mu/ be reg>d$ z ! natural efflu5ce ( a transc5d5tly end[$ life4 ,tak+ place 9 ! sph]e ( ! s5ses1 !y 7 a revelation ( ! type se5 be=e & s9ce 9 ! lives ( wond]-work]s anci5t & mod]n1 9 :om ! p[] ( m9d ov] matt]1 h[ev] a/oni%+ & my/]i\s1 is recogniz$ z belong+ to ! natural ord] ( ?+s no less ?an ! unexplor$ ,ant>ctic belongs to ! globe4 ,b ! ,revelation :i* he gave to human ?\ght z a new ?+1 a heav5ly vision unprec$5t$1 0 9 ! high] realm ( ! moral & spiritual life4 ,?is 0 ! true sup]natural1 ^: reality & p[] are sep>able f all its environm5t ( circum/ances1 & :olly indep5d5t !re(4 ,! *>act]i/ic ideals ( ,jesus1 8 pr(\nd consci\sness ( ,god1 8 filial ?\ght ( ,god1 8 saturation ) ! conviction ( 8 moral on5ess ) ,god1#di 8 realization ( bro!rhood ) ! meane/ human be+1 /ill transc5d ! common level ( natural humanity ev5 among 8 disciples4 ,z ?us transc5d5t !y are sup]natural /ill4 ,till rea*$ & realiz$1 !y manife/ ! fact ( a sup]natural ,revelation 9 t pe]less life z pla9ly z ! sun is manife/ 9 ! spl5dor ( a cl\dless day4 ,9 ! com+ b di/ant age1 :5 man's spiritual nature1 n[ s embryonic1 %all h become adult1 x w d\btless s p]vade & rule ! physical & psy*ical natures :i* x inhabits t ! di/9ction betwe5 natural & sup]natural1 s important 9 ! p]iod ( its developm5t1 w become =eign alike to ?\ght & spee*4 ,b until ! mak+ ( man 9 ! image ( ,god is complete1 :5 ! spiritual elem5t 9 our composite be+1 n[ /ruggl+ = developm5t1 %all be manife/ 9 its ultimate maturity & asc5d5cy z ! di/9ctive & prop] nature ( humanity1 x is ( supreme importance = ! ,*ri/ian tea*]1 :o w\ld po9t & urge to ! heights ( be+1 to free m5's m9ds ( error z to :at ! real sup]natural is4 ,n ! fanci$ di/urb] ( ! _w's ord]$ h>monies1 b t highe/ ,nature :i* is ! m\ld]1 ! glory1 & ! cr[n ( all ! l[]4 ,imag$ to u 9 ! human p]fectness ( ,jesus1 ! ideal ,son ( man1 x is reveal$ z ! di/9ctive inh]itance & prize ( ! humanity t essays to ?9k ! ?\ghts & walk ! ways ( ,god4 ,to ea* ( u is x giv5 9 g]m by our human bir?1 to be fo/]$ & n\ri%$ 9 conv]se ) ! ,inf9ite ,pres5ce t inhabits all ?+s1 till its div9e possibilities appe> 9 ! ultimate reveal+ ( ! sons ( ,god1#ej full gr[n accord+ to ! measure ( ! /ature ( ! fulness ( ,*ri/4#ea ,,footnotes3 #dh ,^u ! conception ( ! sup]natural z ! p]sonal1 says ,pr(essor ,na%1 apologetics mu/ f\nd ! claims ( ,*ri/ianity4--,e?ics & ,revelation4 #di ,! words 9 :i* ,jesus expresses ?is are mu* m extraord9>y & pr(\ndly significant ?an any ( ^? mighty works ( 81 ! l ( :i* are record$ ( ! anci5t prophets4 ,jesus 0 consci\s ( ,god z liv+ 9 him1 & ( himself z liv+ 9 ,god1 9 ! unity ( ! "o et]nal life4 ,n m]ely z a man ( ,god1 b z a man 9 ,god1 z no o!r man has consci\sly be51 does ,jesus utt] su* say+s z1 ,i am ! light ( ! _w1 ,i & my ,fa!r are "o4 7,see ,jesus ! ,ideal ,man1 by ! pres5t writ]4 ,! ,new ,_w1 ,june1 #ahig47 #ej ,romans viii4 #ai4 #ea ,ephesians iv4 #ac4 ,new ,te/am5t ,h&books ,,edit$ ,,by ,,%ail] ,,ma!ws ,pr(essor ( ,new ,te/am5t ,hi/ory & ,int]pretation1 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago ,arrangem5ts are made = ! foll[+ volumes1 & ! publi%]s w1 on reque/1 s5d notice ( ! issue ( ea* volume z x appe>s & ea* descriptive circul> s5t out lat]2 su* reque/s = in=mation %\ld /ate :e!r address is p]man5t or n3-- ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,textual ,,criticism ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t ,pr(4 ,,m>v9 ,r4 ,,v9c5t1 ,pr(essor ( ,new ,te/am5t ,exegesis1 ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y4 ,n[ ready4 ,pr(essor ,v9c5t's contributions to ! /udy ( ! ,new ,te/am5t rank him among ! fir/ ,am]ican exegetes4 ,8 mo/ rec5t publication is ,a ,critical & ,exegetical ,comm5t>y on ! ,epi/les to ! ,philippians & to ,philemon 7,int]national ,critical ,comm5t>y71 :i* 0 prec$$ by a ,/ud5ts' ,new ,te/am5t ,h&book1 ,^w ,/udies 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & o!rs4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,high] ,,criticism ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t ,pr(4 ,,h5ry ,s4 ,,na%1 ,pr(essor ( ,new ,te/am5t ,int]pretation1 ,cambridge ,div9ity ,s*ool4 ,n[ ready4 ,( ,pr(essor ,na%'s ,g5esis ( ! ,social ,consci5ce1 ,! ,outlook said3 ,! results ( ,pr(essor ,na%'s ripe ?\ght are pres5t$ 9 a lum9\s1 compact1 & (t5 epigrammatic /yle4 ,! treatm5t is at once ma/]ful & helpful1 & ! book ought to be a quick5+ influ5ce ( ! highe/ k9d2 x surely w e/abli% ! fame ( its au?or z a pr(\nd ?9k]1 "o f :om we h a "r to expect future inspiration ( a k9dr$ sort4 ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,books ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t ,pr(4 ,b4 ,,wisn] ,,bacon1 ,pr(essor ( ,new ,te/am5t ,int]pretation1 ,yale ,univ]sity4 ,n[ ready4 ,pr(essor ,bacon's works 9 ! field ( ,old ,te/am5t criticism include ,! ,triple ,tradition ( ,exodus1 & ,! ,g5esis ( ,g5esis1 a /udy ( ! docum5t>y s\rces ( ! books ( ,moses4 ,9 ! field ( ,new ,te/am5t /udy he has publi%$ a numb] ( brilliant pap]s1 ! mo/ rec5t ( :i* is ,! ,autobiography ( ,jesus1 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,!ology4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,times ,,9 ,,pale/9e ,pr(4 ,,%ail] ,,ma!ws1 ,pr(essor ( ,new ,te/am5t ,hi/ory & ,int]pretation1 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,n[ ready4 ,! ,congregationali/ says ( ,pr(4 ,%ail] ,ma!ws's rec5t "w1 ,! ,social ,tea*+ ( ,jesus3 ,re-read+ deep5s ! impression t ! au?or is s*ol>ly1 dev\t1 awake to all mod]n ?\ght1 & yet cons]vative & pre-em95tly sane4 ,if1 aft] read+ ! *apt]s deal+ ) ,jesus' attitude t[>d man1 society1 ! family1 ! /ate1 & weal?1 ! read] w n agree ) u 9 ?is op9ion1 we greatly err z prophets4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,paul ,pr(4 ,,ru% ,,rhees1 ,presid5t ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ro*e/]4 ,pr(essor ,rhees is well kn[n f 8 s]ies ( ,inductive ,lessons contribut$ to ! ,sunday ,s*ool ,times4 ,8 ,outl9e ( ! ,life ( ,paul1 privately pr9t$1 has _h a flatt]+ reception f ,new ,te/am5t s*ol>s4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,apo/olic ,,age ,dr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,,votaw1 ,in/ructor 9 ,new ,te/am5t ,lit]ature1 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,( ,dr4 ,votaw's ,inductive ,/udy ( ! ,f\nd+ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ,mod]n ,*ur*1 ,ed9burgh1 says3 ,no full] analysis ( ! lat] books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t c\ld be desir$1 & no bett] programme c\ld be (f]$ = _! /udy1 ?an t af=d$ 9 ! s*eme ( fifty lessons on ! ,f\nd+ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 by ,clyde ,w4 ,votaw4 ,x is well adapt$ alike = practical & m s*ol>ly /ud5ts ( ! ,bible4 ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,jesus ,pr(4 ,,george ,b4 ,,/ev5s1 ,pr(essor ( ,sy/ematic ,!ology1 ,yale ,univ]sity4 ,n[ ready4 ,pr(essor ,/ev5s's volumes ^u ,! ,johann9e ,!ology1 ,! ,paul9e ,!ology1 z well z 8 rec5t volume on ,! ,!ology ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 h made him probably ! mo/ prom95t writ] on biblical !ology 9 ,am]ica4 ,8 new volume w be among ! mo/ important ( 8 works4 ,,! ,,biblical ,,!ology ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t ,pr(4 ,e4 ,p4 ,,g\ld1 ,pr(essor ( ,new ,te/am5t ,int]pretation1 ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,div9ity ,s*ool1 ,philadelphia4 ,n[ ready4 ,pr(essor ,g\ld's ,comm5t>ies on ! ,gospel ( ,m>k 79 ! ,int]national ,critical ,comm5t>y7 & ! ,epi/les to ! ,cor9?ians 79 ! ,am]ican ,comm5t>y7 are critical & exegetical attempts to supply ^? elem5ts :i* are lack+ 9 exi/+ works ( ! same g5]al aim & scope4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,lit]ature ,,until ,,eusebius ,pr(4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,platn]1 ,pr(essor ( ,e>ly ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,pr(essor ,platn]'s "w w n only treat ! writ+s ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s1 b w also treat ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,canon4 ,,o!rs ,,to ,,foll[ ,an excell5t s]ies ( s*ol>ly1 yet concise & inexp5sive ,new ,te/am5t h&books4--,*ri/ian ,advocate1 ,new ,york4 ,^! books are rem>kably well suit$ 9 language1 /yle1 & price1 to all /ud5ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4--,! ,congregationali/1 ,bo/on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue1 ,,new ,,york ,transcrib]'s ,note 7,significant ,am5dm5ts73 p4 #bh1 ',saltpetri]e' am5d$ to ,salpetri]e4