,?is text uses utf-#h 7unicode7 file encod+4 ,if ! apo/rophes & quotation m>ks 9 ?is p>agraph appe> z g>bage1 make sure y\r text read]'s "* set or file encod+ is set to ,unicode 7,,utf-#h74 ,y may also ne$ to *ange ! default font4 ,z a la/ resort1 use ! ascii-#g v]sion ( ! file in/ead4 ,! ,table ( ,cont5ts1 ,index1 & all cross-ref]5ces use p>agraph numb]s1 %[n 9 7p>5!ses74 ,braces h be5 add$ to a few long fractions t 7 orig9ally pr9t$ on two l9es4 ,! numb]s 9 expressions su* z ,r#b1 ,r#c1 ,r#d 7 pr9t$ z sup]scripts4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,balanc$ ,,color ,,sph]e ,,pa/el ,,sket* ,a ,,color ,,notation ,by ,a4 ,h4 ,,munsell ,a ,,measur$ ,,color ,,sy/em1 ,,bas$ ,,on ,,! ,,?ree ,,qualities ,hue1 ,value1 & ,*roma ) ,illu/rative ,models1 ,*>ts1 & a ,c\rse ( ,/udy ,arrang$ = ,tea*]s #bnd ,edition ,revis$ ,enl>g$ ,,geo4 ,h4 ,,ellis ,,co4 ,,bo/on #aijg ,,copyright1 #aije by ,a4 ,h4 ,,munsell ,all rights res]v$ ,,ent]$ ,,at ,,/ation]s' ,,hall ,,au?or',s ,,preface4 ,at v>i\s times dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s1 ! gi/ ( ^! pages has be5 giv5 9 ! =m ( lectures to /ud5ts ( ! ,normal ,art ,s*ool1 ! ,art ,tea*]s' ,association1 & ! ,tw5tie? ,c5tury ,club4 ,9 ,octob] ( la/ ye> x 0 pres5t$ be=e ! ,society ( ,arts ( ! ,massa*usetts ,in/itute ( ,te*nology1 at ! sugge/ion ( ,pr(essor ,*>les ,r4 ,cross4 ,grateful ackn[l$gm5t is due to _m ^: helpful criticism has aid$ 9 its developm5t1 notably ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,ives ,gilman1 ,secret>y ( ! ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,pr(essor ,h>ry ,e4 ,clif=d1 ( ! ,in/itute1 & ,mr4 ,myron ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ma/] ( ! ,ev]ett ,s*ool1 ,bo/on4 ,a4 ,h4 ,m4 ,,*e/nut ,,hill1 ,,mass41 #aije4 ,,preface ,,to ,,second ,,edition4 ,! new illu/rations 9 ?is edition are facsimiles ( *ildr5's /udies ) measur$ color1 made "u ord9>y s*ool-room conditions4 ,notes & app5dices are introduc$ to meet ! que/ions mo/ frequ5tly ask$1 /ress be+ laid on ! unbalanc$ nature ( colors usually giv5 to beg9n]s1 & ! mis*ief done by tea*+ t r$1 yell[1 & blue are prim>y hues4 ,! ne$ ( a sci5tific basis = color values is also emphasiz$1 believ+ ?is to be ess5tial 9 ! discipl9e ( ! color s5se4 ,a4 ,h4 ,m4 ,,*e/nut ,,hill1 ,,mass41 #aijg4 ,,introduction4 ,! lack ( def9it5ess :i* is at pres5t s g5]al 9 color nom5clature1 is due 9 l>ge measure to ! failure to appreciate ! fundam5tal *>act]i/ics on :i* color diff]5ces dep5d4 ,= ! physici/1 ! expression ( ! wave l5g? ( any p>ticul> light is 9 mo/ cases suffici5t1 b 9 ! great majority ( in/ances :]e colors are ref]r$ to1 some?+ m ?an ?is & some?+ easi] ( realization is ess5tial4 ,! attempt to express color relations by us+ m]ely two dim5sions1 or two def9ite *>act]i/ics1 c nev] lead to a successful sy/em4 ,= ?is reason alone ! sy/em propos$ by ,mr4 ,munsell1 ) its ?ree dim5sions ( hue1 value1 & *roma1 is a decid$ /ep 9 advance ov] any previ\s proposition4 ,by means ( ^! ?ree dim5sions x is possible to completely express any p>ticul> color1 & to diff]5tiate x f colors ord9>ily class$ z ( ! same g5]al "*4 ,! expression ( ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( a color is1 h[ev]1 n all t is necess>y4 ,!re mu/ be "s accurate & n too complicat$ sy/em = duplicat+ ^! *>act]i/ics1 "o :i* %all n alt] ) "t or place1 & :i* %all be susceptible ( easy & accurate r$et]m9ation4 ,f ! tea*+ /&po9t also a logical & sequ5tial developm5t is absolutely ess5tial4 ,?is ,mr4 ,munsell seems to h mo/ successfully accompli%$4 ,9 ! det]m9ation ( 8 relation%ips he has made use ( di/9ctly sci5tific me?ods1 & !re seems no reason :y 8 sugge/ions %\ld n lead to an exact & def9ite sy/em ( color ess5tials4 ,! ,munsell photomet]1 :i* is briefly ref]r$ to1 is an in/rum5t ( wide range1 high precision1 & great s5sitiv5ess1 & p]mits ! valuations :i* are necess>y 9 8 sy/em to be accurately made4 ,we all appreciate ! necessity = "s improvem5t 9 our ideas ( color1 & ! natural inf]5ce is t ! tra9+ %\ld be begun 9 e>ly y\?4 ,! pres5t sy/em 9 its modifi$ =m possesses elem5ts ( simplicity & attractiv5ess :i* %\ld appeal to *ildr51 & give !m almo/ unconsci\sly a p[] ( discrim9ation :i* w\ld prove ( imm5se value 9 lat] life4 ,! possibilities 9 ?is sy/em are v great1 & x has be5 a privilege to be all[$ dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s to keep 9 t\* ) its developm5t4 ,i _c b feel t we h "h n only a rational color nom5clature1 b also a sy/em ( sci5tific importance & ( practical value4 ,h4 ,e4 ,,clif=d4 ,,massa*usetts ,,in/itute ,,( ,,te*nology1 ,febru>y1 #aije4 ,,cont5ts4 ,introduction ,by ,pr(essor ,clif=d4 ,"p ,i4 ,*apt] ,p>agraph ,i4 ,,color ,,names3 ,r$1 ,yell[1 ,gre51 ,blue1 ,purple #a ,app5dix ,i4--,misnom]s = ,color4 ,,ii4 ,,color ,,qualities3 ,hue1 ,value1 ,*roma #bj ,app5dix ,,ii4--,scales ( ,hue1 ,value1 & ,*roma4 ,,iii4 ,,color ,,mixture3 ,a ,tri-,dim5sional ,balance #ed ,app5dix ,,iii4--,false ,color ,balance4 ,,iv4 ,,prismatic ,,colors #hg ,app5dix ,,iv4--,*ildr5's ,color ,/udies4 ,v4 ,,! ,,pigm5t ,,color ,,sph]e3 ,,true ,,color ,,balance #ajb ,app5dix ,v4--,s*emes bas$ on ,brew/]'s ,!ory4 ,,vi4 ,,color ,,notation3 ,a ,writt5 ,color ,sy/em #acb ,,vii4 ,,color ,,h>mony3 ,a ,measur$ ,relation #adf ,"p ,,ii4 ,a ,,color ,,sy/em ,,& ,,c\rse ,,( ,,/udy ,,bas$ ,,on ,,! ,,color ,,solid ,,& ,,its ,,*>ts4 ,arrang$ = n9e ye>s ( s*ool life4 ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,color ,,t]ms4 ,tak5 f ! ,c5tury ,diction>y4 ,,index 7by p>agraphs74 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,color ,,names4 ,writ+ f ,samoa to ,sidney ,colv9 9 ,london1 ,/ev5son#a says3 ,p]haps 9 ! same way x might amuse y to s5d u any patt]n ( wall pap] t might /rike y z *eap1 pretty1 & suitable = a room 9 a hot & extremely bright climate4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t our climate c be extremely d>k1 too4 ,our sitt+-room is to be 9 v>ni%$ wood4 ,! room ,i h p>ticul>ly 9 m9d is a sort ( b$ & sitt+ room1 pretty l>ge1 lit on ?ree sides1 & ! col\r 9 fav\r ( its proprietor at pres5t is a topazy yell[4 ,b !n ) :at col\r to relieve x8 ,= a little "w-room ( my own at ! back ,i %\ld r l to see "s patt]ns ( unglossy--well1 ,i'll be hang$ if ,i c describe ?is r$4 ,x's n ,turki%1 & x's n ,roman1 & x's n ,indian2 b x seems to p>take ( ! la/ two1 & yet x c't be ei!r ( !m1 because x ought to be able to g ) v]milion4 ,ah1 :at a tangl$ web we weave6 ,anyway1 ) :at bra9s y h left *oose me & s5d me "s--_m--patt]ns ( ! exact %ade4 ,footnote #a3 ,vailima ,lett]s1 ,oct4 #h1 #aijb4 7#a7 ,:]e c\ld be f\nd a m delightful cry = "s rational way to describe color8 ,he wants a topazy yell[ & a r$ t is n ,turki% nor ,roman nor ,indian1 b t seems to p>take ( ! la/ two1 & yet x c't be ei!r ( !m4 ,z a cap to ! climax comes 8 dem& = patt]ns ( ! exact %ade4 ,?us "o ( ! cle>e/ & mo/ =ceful writ]s ( ,engli% f9ds himself unable to describe ! color he wants4 ,& :y8 ,simply because popul> language does n cle>ly /ate a s+le "o ( ! ?ree qualities unit$ 9 e color1 & :i* mu/ be kn[n be=e "o may ev5 hope to convey 8 color conceptions to ano!r4 7#b7 ,! incongru\s & biz>re nature ( our pres5t color names mu/ appe> to any ?\ghtful p]son4 ,baby blue1 peacock blue1 ,nile gre51 apple gre51 lemon yell[1 /raw yell[1 rose p9k1 heliotrope1 royal purple1 ,mag5ta1 ,solf]9o1 plum1 & automobile are popul> t]ms1 convey+ diff]5t ideas to diff]5t p]sons & utt]ly fail+ to def9e colors4 ,! t]ms us$ = a s+le hue1 su* z pea gre51 sea gre51 olive gre51 grass gre51 sage gre51 ev]gre51 invisible gre51 are n to be tru/$ 9 ord]+ a piece ( clo?4 ,!y invite mi/akes & disappo9tm5t4 ,n only are !y inaccurate3 !y are inappropriate4 ,c we imag9e musical tones call$ l>k1 can>y1 cockatoo1 cr[1 cat1 dog1 or m\se1 because !y be> "s di/ant resemblance to ! cries ( ^? animals8 ,see p>agraph #aca4 ,color ne$s a sy/em4 7#c7 ,music is equipp$ ) a sy/em by :i* x def9es ea* s\nd 9 t]ms ( its pit*1 int5sify1 & duration1 )\t dragg+ 9 loose allusions to ! endlessly v>y+ s\nds ( nature4 ,s %\ld color be suppli$ ) an appropriate sy/em1 bas$ on ! hue1 value1 & *roma#b ( our s5sations1 & n attempt+ to describe !m by ! indef9ite & v>y+ colors ( natural objects4 ,! sy/em n[ to be consid]$ portrays ! ?ree dim5sions ( color1 & measures ea* by an appropriate scale4 ,x does n re/ ^u ! :im ( an individual1 b ^u physical measurem5ts made possible by special color app>atus4 ,! results may be te/$ by any "o :o comes to ! problem ) a cle> m9d1 a good eye1 & a fair supply ( pati5ce4 ,footnote #b3 ,see color v>iables 9 ,gloss>y4 ,cle> m5tal images make cle> spee*4 ,vague ?\ghts f9d vague utt]ance4 7#d7 ,! *ild ga!rs fl[]s1 ho>ds color$ beads1 *ases butt]flies1 & begs = ! gaudie/ pa9t$ toys4 ,at fir/ 8 /rong color s5sations are suffici5tly describ$ by ! simple t]ms ( r$1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 & purple4 ,b he soon sees t "s are light1 :ile o!rs are d>k1 & lat] comes to p]ceive t ea* hue has _m gray] degrees4 ,n[1 if he wants to describe a p>ticul> r$1--su* z t ( 8 fad$ cap1--he is n cont5t to m]ely call x r$1 s9ce he is aw>e ( o!r r$ objects :i* are v unlike x4 ,s he gropes = means to def9e ?is p>ticul> r$2 &1 hav+ no /&>d ( comp>ison1--no scale by :i* to e/imate1--he hesitat+ly says x is a sort ( dull r$4 7#e7 ,?us e>ly is he cramp$ by ! pov]ty ( color language4 ,he has nev] be5 giv5 an appropriate ^w = ?is color quality1 & has to borr[ "o signify+ ! opposite ( %>p1 :i* belongs to edge tools r ?an to colors4 ,mo/ color t]ms are borr[$ f o!r s5ses4 7#f7 ,:5 8 old] si/] ref]s to ! tone ( h] gre5 dress1 or speaks ( ! key ( color 9 a picture1 he is naturally confus$1 because tone & key are t]ms associat$ 9 8 m9d ) music4 ,x may n be long be=e he w he> t a color note has be5 pit*$ too high1 or t a c]ta9 arti/ pa9ts 9 a m9or key4 ,all ^! t]ms lead to mix$ & indef9ite ideas1 & leave him unequipp$ = ! cle> expression ( color qualities4 7#g7 ,musical art is n s h&icapp$4 ,x has an e/abli%$ scale ) measur$ int]vals & def9ite t]ms4 ,likewise1 colori/ic art mu/ e/abli% a scale1 measure its int]vals1 & "n its qualities 9 unmi/akable fa%ion4 ,color has ?ree dim5sions4 7#h7 ,x may s\nd /range to say t color has ?ree dim5sions1 b x is easily prov$ by ! fact t ea* ( !m c be measur$4 ,?us 9 ! case ( ! boy's fad$ cap its r$ness or ,,hue#c is det]m9$ by "o in/rum5t2 ! am\nt ( light 9 ! r$1 :i* is its ,,value1#c is f\nd by ano!r in/rum5t2 :ile /ill a ?ird in/rum5t det]m9es ! purity or ,,*roma#c ( ! r$4 ,! omission ( any "o ( ^! ?ree qualities leaves u 9 d\bt z to ! "* ( a color1 j z truly z ! "* ( ?is /udio w\ld rema9 undef9$ if ! l5g? 7 omitt$ & we describ$ x z #bb feet wide by #ad feet high4 ,! imag9ation w\ld be free to ascribe any l5g? x *ose1 f #be to #ajj feet4 ,?is l5g? might be diff]5tly conceiv$ by e individual :o tri$ to supply ! miss+ factor4 7#i7 ,to illu/rate ! tri-dim5sional nature ( colors4 ,suppose we peel an orange & divide x 9 five p>ts1 leav+ ! sections slightly connect$ bel[ 7,fig4 #d74 ,!n let u say t all ! r$s we h ev] se5 are ga!r$ 9 "o ( ! sections1 all yell[s 9 ano!r1 all gre5s 9 ! ?ird1 blues 9 ! f\r?1 & purples 9 ! fif?4 ,next we w assort ^! ,,hues 9 ea* section s t ! lighte/ are ne> ! top1 & grade regul>ly to ! d>ke/ ne> ! bottom4 ,a :ite waf] connects all ! sections at ! top1 & a black waf] may be add$ b5ea?4 ,see ,plate ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,footnote #c3 ,= def9itions ( ,hue1 ,value1 & ,*roma1 see p>agraphs #bj-bc4 7#aj7 ,! fruit is !n fill$ ) assort$ colors1 grad$ f :ite to black1 accord+ to _! ,,values1 & dispos$ by _! ,,hues 9 ! five sections4 ,a slice ne> ! top w uncov] light values 9 all hues1 & a slice ne> ! bottom w f9d d>k values 9 ! same hues4 ,a slice across ! middle discloses a circuit ( hues all ( ,,middle ,,value2 t is1 midway betwe5 ! extremes ( :ite & black4 7#aa7 ,two color dim5sions are ?us %[n 9 ! orange1 & x rema9s to exhibit ! ?ird1 :i* is call$ ,,*roma1 or /r5g? ( color4 ,to d ?is1 we h only to take ea* section 9 turn1 &1 )\t di/urb+ ! values already assort$1 %ove ! graye/ 9 t[>d ! n>r[ edge1 & grade outw>d to ! pure/ on ! surface4 ,ea* slice across ! fruit /ill %[s ! circuit ( hues 9 "o uni=m value2 b ! /rong *romas are at ! outside1 :ile gray] & gray] *romas make a gradation inw>d to neutral gray at ! c5tre1 :]e all trace ( color disappe>s4 ,! ?9 edges ( all sections unite 9 a scale ( gray f black to :ite1 no matt] :at hue ea* conta9s4 ,! curv$ outside ( ea* section %[s its p>ticul> hue grad$ f black to :ite2 &1 %\ld ! section be cut at "r angles to ! ?9 edge1 x w\ld %[ ! ?ird dim5sion1--*roma1--= ! color is grad$ ev5ly f ! surface to neutral gray4 ,a p9 /uck 9 at any po9t traces ! ?ird dim5sion4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,a color sph]e c be us$ to unite ! ?ree dim5sions ( hue1 value1 & *roma4 7#ab7 ,hav+ us$ ! famili> /ructure ( ! orange z a help 9 classify+ colors1 let u sub/itute a geometric solid1 l a sph]e1#d & make use ( geographical t]ms4 ,! nor? pole is :ite4 ,! s\? pole is black4 ,! equator is a circuit ( middle r$s1 yell[s1 gre5s1 blues1 & purples4 ,p>allels above ! equator describe ?is circuit 9 light] values1 & p>allels bel[ trace x 9 d>k] values4 ,! v]tical axis jo9+ black & :ite is a neutral scale ( gray values1 :ile p]p5dicul>s to x 7l a p9 ?ru/ into ! orange7 are scales ( *roma4 ,?us our color notions may be br\ght into an ord]ly relation by ! color sph]e4 ,any color describes its light & /r5g? by its location 9 ! solid or on ! surface1 & is nam$ by its place 9 ! comb9$ scales ( hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,footnote #d3 ,see frontispiece4 ,two dim5sions fail to describe a color4 7#ac7 ,mu* ( ! popul> misund]/&+ ( color is caus$ by ignorance ( ^! ?ree dim5sions or by an attempt to make two dim5sions d ! "w ( ?ree4 7#ad7 ,flat diagrams %[+ hues & values1 b omitt+ to def9e *romas1 are z incomplete z w\ld be a map ( ,switz]l& ) ! m\nta9s left out1 or a h>bor *>t )\t indications ( ! dep? ( wat]4 ,we f9d by aid ( ! measur+ in/rum5ts t pigm5ts are v unequal 9 ?is ?ird dim5sion1--*roma1--produc+ m\nta9s & valleys on ! color sph]e1 s t1 :5 ! color sy/em is work$ out 9 pigm5ts & *>t$1 "s colors mu/ be trac$ well out beyond ! sph]ical surface 7p>agraphs #abe-abg74 ,inde$1 a ,,color ,,tree#e is ne$$ to display by ! unequal levels & l5g?s ( its bran*es ! individuality ( pigm5t colors4 ,b1 :atev] solid or figure is us$ to illu/rate color relations1 x mu/ comb9e ! ?ree scales ( hue1 value1 & *roma1 & ^! def9ite scales furni% a "n = e color bas$ ^u its intr9sic qualities1 & free f t]ms purlo9$ 9 o!r s5sations1 or caught f ! fluctuat+ colors ( natural objects4 ,footnote #e3 ,= description ( ! ,color ,tree see p>agraphs #cc & #cd4 ,h[ ?is sy/em describes ! spectrum4 7#ae7 ,! sol> spectrum & ra9b[ are ! mo/ /imulat+ color exp]i5ces ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,c !y be describ$ by ?is solid sy/em8 7#af7 ,! lighte/ "p ( ! spectrum is a n>r[ field ( gre5i% yell[1 grad+ into d>k] r$ on "o side & into d>k] gre5 ^u ! o!r1 foll[$ by /ill d>k] blue & purple4 ,^u ! sph]e ! values ( ^! spectral colors trace a pa? high up on ! yell[ section1 ne> :ite1 & slant+ d[nw>d across ! r$ & gre5 sections1 :i* are trav]s$ ne> ! level ( ! equator1 x goes on to cross ! blue & purple well d[n t[>d black4 7#ag7 ,?is =ms an incl9$ circuit1 cross+ ! equator at opposite po9ts1 & sugge/s ! ecliptic or ! r+s ( ,saturn 7see outside cov]74 ,a pale ra9b[ w\ld describe a slant+ circuit ne>] :ite1 & a dimm] "o w\ld fall )9 ! sph]e1 :ile an int5sely brilliant spectrum projects f> beyond ! surface ( ! sph]e1 s greatly is ! *roma ( its hues 9 excess ( ! common pigm5ts ) :i* we "w out our problems4 7#ah7 ,at ! outset x is well to recognize ! place ( ! spectrum 9 ?is sy/em1 n only because x is ! e/abli%$ basis ( sci5tific /udy1 b especially because ! inv>iable ord] assum$ by its hues is ! only /able h9t :i* ,nature af=ds u 9 h] inf9ite color play4 7#ai7 ,all our color s5sations are includ$ 9 ! color solid4 ,none are left out by its scales ( hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,inde$1 ! imag9ation is l$ to conceive & locate /ill pur] colors ?an any we n[ possess4 ,su* increas$ degrees ( color s5sation c be nam$1 & cle>ly convey$ by symbols to ano!r p]son z soon z ! sy/em is compreh5d$4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,*apt] ,i4 ,misnom]s = ,color4 ,! ,c5tury ,diction>y helps an intellig5t /udy ( color by its cle> def9itions & cross-ref]5ces to ,,hue1 ,,value1 & ,,*roma1--leav+ no excuse = ^? :o w\ld confuse ^! ?ree qualities or treat a degree ( any quality z ! quality itself4 ,obscure /atem5ts 7 frequ5t 9 text-books be=e ^! new def9itions appe>$4 ,?us ! t]m %ade %\ld be appli$ only to d>k5$ values1 & n to hues or *romas4 ,yet "o writ] says1 ,?is yell[ %ades into gre51 :i* is c]ta9ly a *ange ( hue1 & !n speaks ( a bright] %ade 9 spite ( 8 evid5t int5tion to sugge/ a /rong] *roma1 :i* is nei!r a %ade nor bright] lum9osity4 ,*ildr5 ga9 wrong notions ( t9t & %ade f ! s-call$ /&>d colors %[n to !m1 :i* pres5t t9ts ( r$ & blue mu* d>k] ?an ! %ades ( yell[4 ,?is is bewild]+1 &1 l _! eld]s1 !y soon drop into ! loose habit ( call+ any degree ( color-/r5g? or color-light a %ade4 ,value is a bett] t]m to describe ! light :i* color reflects to ! eye1 & all color values1 light or d>k1 are measur$ by ! value-scale4 ,tone is us$ 9 a confus+ way to mean diff]5t ?+s4 ,?us 9 ! same s5t5ce we see x ref]s to a s+le t\* ( ! bru%1--:i* is n a tone1 b a pa9t spot1--& !n we read t ! tone ( ! canvas is gold54 ,?is _c mean t ea* pa9t spot is ! color ( gold1 b is int5d$ to sugge/ t ! v>i\s objects depict$ seem envelop$ 9 a yell[ atmosph]e4 ,tone is1 9 fact1 a musical t]m appropriate to s\nd1 b out ( place 9 color4 ,x seems bett] to call ! bru% t\* a color-spot3 !n ! result ( an h>moni\s relation betwe5 all ! spots is color-envelope1 or1 z 9 ,rood1 ! *romatic composition4 ,int5sity is a mislead+ t]m1 if *roma be int5d$1 = x dep5ds on ! relative light ( spectral hues4 ,x is a degree r ?an a quality1 z appe>s 9 ! expressions1 int5se heat1 light1 s\nd1--int5sity ( /imulus & reaction4 ,be+ a degree ( _m qualities1 x %\ld n be us$ to describe ! quality itself4 ,! ^w becomes especially unfit :5 us$ to describe two v diff]5t phases ( a color1--z its int5se illum9ation1 :]e ! *roma is greatly weak5$1 & ! /ronge/ *roma :i* is f\nd 9 a mu* l[] value4 ,purity is also to be avoid$ 9 speak+ ( pigm5ts1 = n "o ( our pigm5ts repres5ts a s+le pure ray ( ! spectrum4 ,examples are con/antly f\nd ( ! m5tal blur caus$ by su* un=tunate t]ms1 &1 s9ce misund]/&+ becomes impossible ) measur$ degrees ( hue1 value1 & *roma1 x seems only a "q ( "t :5 !y w take ! place ( t9t1 tone1 %ade1 purity & int5sity4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,color ,,qualities4 7#bj7 ,! ?ree color qualities are hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,,hue is ! "n ( a color4 7#ba7 ,hue is ! quality by :i* we di/+ui% "o color f ano!r1 z a r$ f a yell[1 a gre51 a blue1 or a purple4 ,?is names ! hue1 b does n tell :e!r x is light or d>k1 weak or /rong1--leav+ u 9 d\bt z to its value & its *roma4 ,sci5ce attributes ?is quality to diff]5ce 9 ! ,,l5g? ( e!r waves imp++ on ! ret9a1 :i* causes ! s5sation ( color4 ,! wave l5g? ,m4 #ebfi gives a s5sation ( gre51 :ile ,m4 #fhfg gives a s5sation ( r$4#f ,footnote #f3 ,see ,gloss>y = def9itions ( ,micron1 ,photomet]1 ,ret9a1 & ,r$1 also = ,hue1 ,t9t1 ,%ade1 ,value1 ,color ,v>iables1 ,lum9osity1 & ,*roma4 ,,value is ! light ( a color4 7#bb7 ,value is ! quality by :i* we di/+ui% a light color f a d>k "o4 ,color values are loosely call$ t9ts & %ades1 b ! t]ms are frequ5tly misappli$4 ,a t9t %\ld be a light value1 & a %ade %\ld be d>k]2 b ! ^w %ade has become a g5]al t]m = any sort ( color1 s t a %ade ( yell[ may prove to be light] ?an a t9t ( blue4 ,a photometric#g scale ( value places all colors 9 relation to ! extremes ( :ite & black1 b _c describe _! hue or _! *roma4 ,sci5ce describes ?is quality z due to diff]5ce 9 ! ,,height or amplitude ( e!r waves imp++ on ! ret9a4 ,small amplitudes ( ! wave l5g?s giv5 9 p>agraph #ba produce ! s5sation ( d>k gre5 & d>k r$3 l>g] amplitudes give ! s5sation ( light] gre5 & light] r$4 ,footnote #g3 ,see ,photomet] 9 p>agraph #fe4 ,,*roma is ! /r5g? ( a color4 7#bc7 ,*roma is ! quality by :i* we di/+ui% a /rong color f a weak "o4 ,to say t a rug is /rong 9 color gives no h9t ( its hues or values1 only its *romas4 ,loss ( *roma is loosely call$ fad+1 b ?is ^w is frequ5tly us$ to include *anges ( value & hue4 ,take two autumn leaves1 id5tical 9 color1 & expose "o to ! wea!r1 :ile ! o!r is wax$ & press$ 9 a book4 ,soon ! expos$ leaf fades into a neutral gray1 :ile ! protect$ "o pres]ves its /rong *roma almo/ intact4 ,if1 9 fad+1 ! leaf does n *ange its hue or its value1 !re is only a loss ( *roma1 b ! fad+ process is m likely to induce "s *ange ( ! o!r two qualities4 ,fad+1 h[ev]1 _c def9e ^! *anges4 ,sci5ce describes *roma z ! purity ( "o wave l5g? sep>at$ f all o!rs4 ,o!r wave l5g?s1 ,,int]m+l+1 make its *roma less pure4 ,a beam ( daylight c comb9e all wave l5g?s 9 su* balance z to give ! s5sation ( :it5ess1 because no s+le wave is 9 excess4#h ,footnote #h3 ,see def9ition ( ,:ite 9 ,gloss>y4 7#bd7 ,! color sph]e 7see ,fig4 #a7 is a conv5i5t model to illu/rate ^! ?ree qualities1--hue1 value1 & *roma1--& unite !m by measur$ scales4 7#be7 ,! nor? pole ( ! color sph]e is :ite1 & ! s\? pole black4 ,value or lum9osity ( colors ranges betwe5 ^! two extremes4 ,?is is ! v]tical scale1 to be memoriz$ z ,v1 ! initial = bo? value & v]tical4 ,v]tical movem5t ?r\gh color may ?us be ?\ght ( z a *ange ( value1 b n z a *ange ( hue or ( *roma4 ,hues ( color are spread ar\nd ! equator ( ! sph]e4 ,?is is a horizontal scale1 memoriz$ z ,h1 ! initial = bo? hue & horizontal4 ,horizontal movem5t ar\nd ! color solid is ?us ?\ght ( z a *ange ( hue1 b n ( value or ( *roma4 ,a l9e inw>d f ! /rong surface hues to ! neutral gray axis1 traces ! gray+ ( ea* color1 :i* is loss ( *roma1 & conv]sely a l9e beg9n+ ) neutral gray at ! v]tical axis1 & becom+ m & m color$ until x passes outside ! sph]e1 is a scale ( *roma1 :i* is memoriz$ z ,c1 ! initial bo? = *roma & c5tre4 ,?us ! sph]e l5ds its ?ree dim5sions to color description1 & a color appli$ any:]e )91 )\t1 or on its surface is locat$ & nam$ by its degree ( hue1 ( value1 & ( *roma4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,,hues fir/ appeal to ! *ild1 ,,values next1 & ,,*romas la/4 7#bf7 ,color education beg9s ) ability to recognize & "n c]ta9 hues1 su* z r$1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 & purple 7see p>agraphs #ahb & #ahc74 ,nature pres5ts ^! hues 9 union ) su* v>ieties ( value & *roma t1 unless !re be "s /&>d ( comp>ison1 x is impossible = "o p]son to describe !m intellig5tly to ano!r4 7#bg7 ,! sol> spectrum =ms a basis = sci5tific color analysis1 taught 9 te*nical s*ools2 b x is q beyond ! compreh5sion ( a *ild4 ,he ne$s some?+ m tangible & con/antly 9 view to tra9 8 color notions4 ,he ne$s to h&le colors1 place !m side by side = comp>ison1 imitate !m ) crayons1 pa9ts1 & color$ /uffs1 s z to te/ ! gr[? ( p]ception1 & le>n by simple yet accurate t]ms to describe ea* by its hue1 its value1 & its *roma4 7#bh7 ,pigm5ts1 r ?an ! sol> spectrum1 are ! practical ag5ts ( color "w4 ,c]ta9 ( !m1 select$ & measur$ by ?is sy/em 7see ,*apt] ,v471 w be kn[n z ,,middle ,,colors1 because !y /& midway 9 ! scales ( value & *roma4 ,^! middle colors are pres]v$ 9 imp]i%able enamels1#i s t ! *ild may h&le & fix !m 9 8 memory1 & ?us ga9 a p]man5t basis = comp>+ all degrees ( color4 ,he le>ns to grade ea* middle color to its extremes ( value & *roma4 ,footnote #i3 ,:5 recogniz$ = ! fir/ "t1 a middle gre51 blue1 or purple1 is accept$ by mo/ p]sons z well )9 _! color habit1 b middle r$ & middle yell[ cause some:at ( a %ock4 ,t isn't r$1 !y say1 x's t]ra cotta4 ,yell[8 ,oh1 no1 t's--well1 x's a v peculi> %ade4 ,yet ^! are z surely ! middle degrees ( r$ & yell[ z are ! m famili> degrees ( gre51 blue1 & purple4 ,?is becomes evid5t z soon z "o accepts physical te/s ( color 9 place ( p]sonal :im4 ,x also op5s ! m9d to a g5]ally ignor$ fact1 t middle r$s & yell[s1 in/ead ( ! scream+ r$ & yell[ fir/ giv5 a *ild1 are con/antly f\nd 9 examples ( ri* & beautiful color1 su* z ,p]sian rugs1 ,japanese pr9ts1 & ! ma/]pieces ( pa9t+4 7#bi7 ,exp]im5ts ) crayons & pa9ts1 & ef=ts to mat* middle colors1 tra9 8 color s5se to f9] p]ceptions4 ,hav+ le>n$ to "n colors1 he comp>es !m ) ! enamels ( middle value1 & c describe h[ light or d>k !y are4 ,lat] he p]ceives _! diff]5ces ( /r5g?1 &1 comp>+ !m ) ! enamels ( middle *roma1 c describe h[ weak or /rong !y are4 ,?us ! full significance ( ^! middle colors z a practical basis = all color e/imates becomes app>5t2 &1 :5 at a m advanc$ /age he /udies ! be/ examples ( decorative color1 he w aga9 enc\nt] !m 9 ! mo/ beautiful products ( ,ori5tal art4 ,is x possible to def9e ! endless v>ieties ( color8 7#cj7 ,at fir/ glance x w\ld seem almo/ hopeless to attempt ! nam+ ( e k9d & degree ( color4 ,b1 if all ^! v>ieties possess ! same ?ree qualities1 only 9 diff]5t degrees1 & if ea* quality c be measur$ by a scale1 !n !re is a clue to ?is labyr9?4 ,a ,,color ,,sph]e & ,,color ,,tree to unite hue1 value1 & *roma4 7#ca7 ,?is clue is f\nd 9 ! union ( ^! ?ree qualities by measur$ scales 9 a color sph]e & color tree4#aj ,! equator ( ! sph]e#aa may be divid$ into t5 p>ts1 & s]ve z ! scale ( hue1 m>k$ ,r1 ,,yr1 ,y1 ,,gy1 ,g1 ,,bg1 ,b1 ,,pb1 ,p1 & ,,rp4 ,its v]tical axis may be divid$ into t5 p>ts to s]ve z ! scale ( value1 numb]$ f black 7#j7 to :ite 7#aj74 ,any p]p5dicul> to ! neutral axis is a scale ( *roma4 ,on ! plane ( ! equator ?is scale is numb]$ #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 f ! c5tre to ! surface4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,footnote #aj3 ,see ,color ,tree 9 p>agraph #ad4 ,footnote #aa3 ,unaw>e t ! sph]ical arrangem5t _h be5 us$ ye>s be=e1 ,i devis$ a d\ble tetrah$ron to classify colors1 :ile a /ud5t ( pa9t+ 9 #ahgi4 ,x n[ appe>s t ! sph]e 0 common prop]ty ) psy*ologi/s1 hav+ be5 describ$ by ,runge 9 #ahaj4 ,e>li] /ill1 ,lamb]t _h sugge/$ a pyramidal =m4 ,bo? are bas$ on ! errone\s assumption t r$1 yell[1 & blue are prim>y s5sations1 & also fail to place ^! hues 9 a j scale ( lum9osity4 ,my twirl+ color solid & its complet] developm5t 9 ! pres5t model h always made prom95t ! arti/ic feel+ = color value4 ,x diff]s 9 ?is & 9 o!r ways f previ\s sy/ems1 & is =tunate 9 possess+ new app>atus to measure ! degree ( hue1 value1 & *roma4 7#cb7 ,?is *roma scale may be rais$ or l[]$ to any level ( value1 always rema9+ p]p5dicul> to ! axis1 & s]v+ to measure ! *roma ( e hue at e level ( value4 ,! fact t "s colors exce$ o!rs to su* an ext5t z to c>ry !m out beyond ! sph]e is prov$ by measur+ in/rum5ts1 b ! fact is a new "o to _m p]sons4 7,figs4 #b & #c47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 7,see ,fig4 #bj7 ,! ,color ,tree 7#cc7 ,= ?is reason ! ,,color ,,tree is a complet] model ?an ! sph]e1 al?\gh ! simplicity ( ! latt] makes x be/ = a *ild's compreh5sion4 7#cd7 ,! color tree is made by tak+ ! v]tical axis ( ! sph]e1 :i* c>ries a scale ( value1 = ! trunk4 ,! bran*es are at "r angles to ! trunk2 &1 z 9 ! sph]e1 !y c>ry ! scale ( *roma4 ,color$ balls on ! bran*es tell _! ,hue4 ,9 ord] to %[ ! ,,maxima ( color1 ea* bran* is atta*$ to ! trunk 7or neutral axis7 at a level dem&$ by its value1--! yell[ ne>e/ :ite at ! top1 !n ! gre51 r$1 blue1 & purple bran*es1 approa*+ black 9 ! ord] ( _! l[] values4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ! *roma ( ! sph]e ceas$ ) #e at ! equator4 ,! color tree prolongs ?is ?r\gh #f1 #g1 #h1 & #i4 ,! bran* ends c>ry color$ balls1 repres5t+ ! mo/ p[]ful r$1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 & purple pigm5ts :i* we n[ possess1 & c\ld be l5g!n$1 %\ld /rong] *romas be discov]$4#ab ,footnote #ab3 ,see ,plate ,i4 7#ce7 ,su* models set up a p]man5t image ( color relations4 ,e po9t is self-describ$ by its place 9 ! unit$ scales ( hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,^! scales fix ea* new p]ception ( color 9 ! *ild's m9d by its situation 9 ! color solid4 ,! importance ( su* a def9ite image c h>dly be ov]e/imat$1 = )\t x "o color s5sation t5ds to efface ano!r4 ,:5 ! *ild looks at a color1 & has no basis ( comp>ison1 x soon leaves a vague memory t _c be describ$4 ,^! models1 on ! contr>y1 lead to an intellig5t e/imate ( ea* color 9 t]ms ( its hue1 its value1 & its *roma2 :ile ! p]man5t enamels correct any p]sonal bias by a def9ite /&>d4 7#cf7 ,?us def9$1 a color falls into logical relation ) all o!r colors 9 ! sy/em1 & is easily memoriz$1 s t its image may be recall$ at any di/ance ( "t or place by ! notation4 7#cg7 ,^! solid models help to memorize & assemble colors & ! memory is fur!r /r5g!n$ by a simple ,,notation1 :i* records ea* color s t x _c be mi/ak5 = any o!r4 ,by ^! writt5 scales a *ild ga9s an in/9ctive e/imate ( relations1 s t1 :5 he is delight$ ) a new color comb9ation1 its proportions are not$ & und]/ood4 7#ch7 ,musical art has long enjoy$ ! advantages ( a def9ite scale & notation4 ,%\ld n ! art ( color+ ga9 by simil> def9ition8 ,! musical scale is n left to p]sonal :im1 nor does x *ange f day to day2 & some?+ z cle> & /able w\ld be an advantage 9 tra9+ ! color s5se4 7#ci7 ,p]ception ( color is crude at fir/4 ,! *ild sees only ! mo/ obvi\s di/9ctions1 & pref]s ! /ronge/ /imulation4 ,b p]ception soon becomes ref9$ by ex]cise1 &1 :5 a *ild tries to imitate ! subtle colors ( nature ) pa9ts1 he beg9s to realize t ! /ronge/ colors are n ! mo/ beautiful1--r ! temp]$ ones1 :i* may be comp>$ to ! mod]ate s\nds 9 music4 ,to describe ^! temp]$ colors1 he mu/ e/imate _! hue1 value1 & *roma1 & be able to describe 9 :at degree 8 copy dep>ts f ! natural color4 ,&1 ) ?is ga9 9 p]ception & imitation ( natural color1 he f9ds a /rong desire to inv5t comb9ations to please 8 fancy4 ,?us ! /udy divides into ?ree relat$ attitudes1 :i* may be call$ recognition1 imitation1 & inv5tion4 ,recognition ( color is fundam5tal1 b x w\ld be t$i\s to sp5d a ye> or two 9 =mal & dry ex]cises to tra9 recognition ( color alone2 = ea* /ep 9 recognition ( color is be/ te/$ by ex]cise 9 its imitation & arrangem5t4 ,:5 p]ception becomes ke5]1 emphasis c be plac$ on imitation ( ! colors f\nd 9 art & 9 nature1 re/+ f9ally on ! selection & gr\p+ ( colors = design4#ac ,footnote #ac3 ,see ,c\rse ( ,/udy1 ,"p ,,ii4 ,e color c be recogniz$1 nam$1 mat*$1 imitat$1 & writt5 by its ,,hue1 ,,value1 & ,,*roma4 7#dj7 ,! notation us$ 9 ?is sy/em places ,hue 7express$ by an initial7 at ! left2 ,value 7express$ by a numb]7 at ! "r & above a l9e2 & ,*roma 7also express$ by a numb]7 at ! "r1 bel[ ! l9e4 ,?us ,r #e_/i means ,,hue 7r$71 ,,value 7#e7_/;,,*roma 7#i71 & w be f\nd to repres5t ! qualities ( ! pigm5t v]milion4#ad ,footnote #ad3 ,see ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,hue1 value1 & *roma unite 9 e color s5sation1 b ! *ild _c grasp !m all at once4 ,hue-diff]5ce appeals to him fir/1 & he ga9s a p]man5t idea ( five pr9cipal hues f ! enamels ( ,,middle ,,colors1 le>n+ to "n1 mat*1 imitate1 & f9ally write !m by _! initials3 ,r 7r$71 ,y 7yell[71 ,g 7gre571 ,b 7blue71 & ,p 7purple74 ,int]m$iates =m$ by unit+ successive pairs are also writt5 by ! jo9$ initials1 ,,yr 7yell[-r$71 ,,gy 7gre5-yell[71 ,,bg 7blue-gre571 ,,pb 7purple-blue71 & ,,rp 7r$-purple74 7#da7 ,t5 diff]5ces ( hue are z _m z a *ild c r5d] at ! outset1 yet 9 mat*+ & imitat+ !m he becomes aw>e ( _! light & d>k quality1 & le>ns to sep>ate x f hue z value-diff]5ce4 ,middle colors1 z impli$ by t "n1 /& midway betwe5 :ite & black1--t is1 on ! equator ( ! sph]e1--s t a middle r$ w be writt5 ,r #e_/1 sugge/+ ! /eps #f1 #g1 #h1 & #i :i* are above ! equator1 :ile /eps #d1 #c1 #b1 & #a are bel[4 ,x is well to %[ only ?ree values ( a color at fir/2 = in/ance1 ! middle value contra/$ ) a light & a d>k "o4 ,^! are writt5 ,r #c_/1 ,r #e_/1 ,r #g_/4 ,soon he p]ceives & c imitate f9] diff]5ces1 & ! r$ scale may be writt5 entire1 z ,r #a_/1 ,r #b_/1 ,r #c_/1 ,r #d_/1 ,r #e_/1 ,r #f_/1 ,r #g_/1 ,r #h_/1 ,r #i_/1 ) black z #j & :ite z #aj4 7#db7 ,*roma-diff]5ce is ! ?ird & mo/ subtle color quality4 ,! *ild is already unconsci\sly famili> ) ! middle *roma ( r$1 hav+ _h ! enamels ( ,,middle ,,color always 9 view1 & ! r$ enamel is to be contra/$ ) ! /ronge/ & weake/ r$ *romas obta9able4 ,^! he writes ,r _/#a1 ,r _/#e1 ,r _/#i1 see+ t ?is describes ! *romas ( r$1 b leaves out its values4 ,r #e_/a1 ,r #e_/e1 ,r #e_/i1 is ! complete /atem5t1 %[+ t1 :ile bo? hue & value are un*ang$1 ! *roma passes f grayi% r$ to middle r$ 7enamel fir/ le>n$7 & out to ! /ronge/ r$ 9 ! *roma scale obta9$ by v]milion4 7#dc7 ,x may be long be=e he c imitate ! int]v5+ /eps ( *roma1 _m *ildr5 f9d+ x difficult to express m ?an five /eps ( ! *roma scale1 al?\gh easily mak+ t5 /eps ( value & f tw5ty to ?irty-five /eps ( hue4 ,?is int]e/+ feature is ( psy*ologic value1 & has be5 foll[$ 9 ! color tree & color sph]e4 ,does su* a sci5tific s*eme leave any outlet = feel+ & p]sonal expression ( beauty8 7#dd7 ,le/ ?is exact attitude 9 color /udy %\ld seem in>ti/ic1 comp>$ ) ! free & almo/ *aotic me?ods 9 use1 let x be said t ! /age ?us f> outl9$ is frankly discipl9>y4 ,x is some:at dry & unattractive1 j z ! e>ly musical tra9+ is fatigu+ )\t inv5tive ex]cises4 ,! *ild %\ld be enc\rag$ at ea* /ep to ex]cise 8 fancy4 7#de7 ,in/ead ( cramp+ 8 outlook ^u nature1 x wid5s 8 grasp ( color1 & /ores ! memory ) f9] diff]5ces1 supply+ m mat]ial by :i* to express 8 s5se ( colori/ic beauty4 7#df7 ,color h>mony1 z n[ treat$1 is a purely p]sonal affair1 difficult to ref] to any cle> pr9ciples or def9ite laws4 ,! v t]ms by :i* x seeks expression are borr[$ f music1 & sugge/ vague analogies t fail :5 put to ! te/4 ,color ne$s a new set ( expressive t]ms1 appropriate to its qualities1 be=e we c make an analysis z to ! h>mony or discord ( our color s5sations4 7#dg7 ,?is ne$ is suppli$ 9 ! pres5t sy/em by measur$ ,,*>ts1 & a ,,notation4 ,_! v con/ruction pres]ves ! balance ( colors1 z w be %[n 9 ! next *apt]1 :ile ! *apt] on h>mony 7,*apt] ,,vii47 %[s h[ h>moni\s pairs & triads ( color may be f\nd by ,,masks ) measur$ int]vals4 ,9 fact1 practice 9 ! use ( ! *>ts supplies ! imag9ation ) scales & sequ5ces ( color q z def9ite & q z easily writt5 z ^? s\nd int]vals by :i* ! musician conveys to o!rs 8 s5se ( h>mony4 ,&1 al?\gh 9 nei!r art c tra9+ alone make ! arti/1 yet a te*nical grasp ( ^! =mal scales gives acqua9tance ) ! full range ( ! in/rum5t1 & is indisp5sable to arti/ic expression4 ,f ^! color scales ea* individual is free to *oose comb9ations 9 accord ) 8 feel+ = color h>mony4 ,let u make an outl9e ( ! c\rse ( color /udy trac$ 9 ! prec$+ pages4#ae ,footnote #ae3 ,see ,"p ,,ii41 ,a ,color ,sy/em & ,c\rse ( ,/udy4 ,,p]ception ( color4 7#dh7 ,hue-diff]5ce4 ,middle hues 7#e pr9cipals74 ,middle hues 7#e int]m$iates74 ,middle hues 7#aj plac$ 9 sequ5ce z ,,scale ( ,,hue74 ,value-diff]5ce4 ,light1 middle1 & d>k values 7)\t *ange ( hue74 ,light1 middle1 & d>k values 7trac$ ) #e pr9cipal hues74 #aj values trac$ ) ea* hue4 ,,scale ( ,,value4 ,! ,color ,sph]e4 ,*roma-diff]5ce4 ,/rong1 middle1 & weak *roma 7)\t *ange ( hue74 ,/rong1 middle & weak *roma 7trac$ ) ?ree values )\t *ange ( hue74 ,/rong1 middle1 & weak *roma 7trac$ ) ?ree values & t5 hues74 ,maxima ( color & _! gradation to :ite1 black1 & gray4 ,! ,color ,tree4 ,,expression ( color4 7#di7 ,mat*+ & imitation ( hues 7us+ /uffs1 crayons1 & pa9ts74 ,mat*+ & imitation ( values & hues 7us+ /uffs1 crayons1 & pa9ts74 ,mat*+ & imitation ( *romas1 values1 & hues 7us+ /uffs1 crayons1 & pa9ts74 ,notation ( color4 ,value ,v ,hue ------ 1 ,h - 1 ,*roma ,c ,initial = hue1 num]al above = value1 num]al bel[ = *roma4 ,sequ5ces ( color4 ,two scales unit$1 z hue & value1 or *roma & value4 ,?ree scales unit$1--ea* /ep a *ange ( hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,balance ( color4 ,opposites ( equal value & *roma 7,r #e_/e & ,,bg #e_/e74 ,opposites ( equal value & unequal *roma 7,r #e_/i & ,,bg #e_/c74 ,opposites unequal bo? 9 value & *roma 7,r #g_/c & ,,bg #c_/g74 ,,area z an elem5t ( balance4 ,,h>mony ( color4 7#ej7 ,selection ( colors t give pleasure4 ,/udy ( butt]fly w+s & fl[]s1 record$ by ! ,,notation4 ,/udy ( pa9t$ ornam5t1 rugs1 & mosaics1 record$ by ! ,,notation4 ,p]sonal *oice ( color ,,pairs1 balanc$ by ,h1 ,v1 ,c1 & area4 ,p]sonal *oice ( color ,,triads1 balanc$ by ,h1 ,v1 ,c1 & area4 ,gr\p+ ( colors to suit "s practical use3 wall pap]s1 rugs1 book cov]s1 etc4 ,_! analysis by ! writt5 notation4 ,se>* = pr9ciples ( h>mony1 express$ 9 measur$ t]ms4 ,a def9ite plan ( color /udy1 ) fre$om z to details ( pres5tation4#af ,footnote #af3 ,see ,color ,/udy assign$ to ea* grade1 9 ,"p ,,ii4 7#ea7 ,hav+ memoriz$ ^! broad divisions ( ! /udy1 a clev] tea*] w introduce _m a detail1 to meet ! mood ( ! class1 or correlate ?is subject ) o!r /udies1 )\t = a mom5t los+ ! ?read ( ?\ght or befogg+ ! pres5tation4 ,b to range at r&om 9 ! imm5se field ( color s5sations1 )\t plan or def9ite aim 9 view1 only c\rts fatigue ( ! ret9a & a *aotic /ate ( m9d4 7#eb7 ,! same broad pr9ciples :i* gov]n ! pres5tation ( o!r ideas apply ) equal =ce 9 ?is /udy4 ,a little1 well appreh5d$1 is bett] ?an a mass ( undige/$ facts4 ,if ! *ild is l$ to discov]1 or at lea/ to ?9k he is discov]+1 new ?+s ab\t color1 ! m9d w be kept al]t & seek out novel illu/rations at e /ep4 ,n[ & !n a pupil w be f\nd :o leads bo? tea*] & class by intuitive appreciation ( color1 & x is a subtle "q h[ f> su* a nature c be help$ or hurt by =mal ex]cises4 ,b su* an exception is r>e1 & goes to prove t sy/ematic discipl9e ( ! color s5se is necess>y = mo/ *ildr54 7#ec7 ,outdoor nature & indoor surr\nd+s (f] endless color illu/rations4 ,birds1 fl[]s1 m9]als1 & ! objects 9 daily use take on a new int]e/ :5 _! v>i$ colors are br\ght into a consci\s relation1 & cle>ly nam$4 ,a tri-dim5sional p]ception1 l ?is s5se ( color1 requires skilful tra9+1 & ea* lesson mu/ be simplifi$ to ! la/ po9t practicable4 ,x mu/ n be too long1 & %\ld lead to "s def9ite result :i* a *ild c grasp & express ) tol]able accuracy1 :ile its difficulties %\ld be approa*$ by easy /ages1 s z to avoid failure or disc\ragem5t4 ,! success ( ! pres5t ef=t is ! be/ inc5tive to fur!r a*ievem5t4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,plate ,i4 ,,! ,,color ,,sph]e1 ,,) ,,measur$ ,,scales ,,( ,,hue1 ,,value1 ,,& ,,*roma4 ,! tea*] ( elem5t>y grades introduces ^! scales ( temp]$ color z fa/ z ! *ild's int]e/ is awak5$ to _! ne$ by ! ex]cises %[n 9 ,plates ,,ii4 & ,,iii4 ,?us ! ,hue scale is le>n$ be=e ! end ( ! second ye>1 ! ,value scale dur+ ! next two ye>s1 & ! ,*roma scale 9 ! fif? ye>4 ,by ! "t a *ild is t5 ye>s old ^! def9ite color scales h become "p ( 8 m5tal furni%+1 s t he c "n1 write1 & memorize any color gr\p4 #a4 ,! ,color ,sph]e 9 ,skeleton4 ,?is diagram %[s ! middle colors on ! equator1 ) /rong r$1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 & purple1 ea* at its prop] level 9 ! value scale1 & project+ 9 accordance ) its scale ( *roma4 ,see ! complete description ( ^! scales 9 ,*apt] ,,ii4 #b4 ,! ,color ,score4 ,fifte5 typical /eps tak5 f ! color sph]e are "h spread out 9 a flat field4 ,! ,,five ,,middle ,,colors =m ! c5tre level1 ) ! same hues 9 a light] value above & 9 a d>k] value bel[4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 describes ! mak+ ( ?is ,score1 & its use 9 analyz+ colors & pres]v+ a writt5 record ( _! gr\ps4 #c4 ,! ,value ,scale & ,*roma ,scale4 ,ea* ( ! five color maxima is ?us %[n at its prop] level 9 ! scale ( light1 & grad$ by uni=m /eps f its /ronge/ *roma inw>d to neutrality at ! axis ( ! sph]e4 ,pigm5t inequalities "h become v app>5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4 ,copyright #aijg by ,a4 ,h4 ,munsell4 ,,= ,,plates ,,ii4 ,,iii41 ,,see ,,app5dix ,,to ,,*apt] ,,iv41 ,,*ildr5',s ,,color ,,/udies4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,color ,,mixture ,,& ,,balance4 ,all colors grasp$ 9 ! h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 7#ed7 ,let u recall ! names & ord] ( colors giv5 9 ! la/ *apt]1 ) _! assemblage 9 a sph]e by ! ?ree qualities ( ,,hue1 ,,value1 & ,,*roma4 ,x w aid ! memory to call ! ?umb ( ! left h& ,,r$1 ! =ef+] ,,yell[1 ! middle f+] ,,gre51 ! r+ f+] ,,blue1 & ! little f+] ,,purple 7,fig4 #f74 ,:5 ! f+] tips are 9 a circle1 !y repres5t a circuit ( hues1 :i* has nei!r beg9n+ nor end1 = we c />t ) any f+] & trace a sequ5ce =w>d or backw>d4 ,n[ close ! tips toge!r = :ite1 & imag9e t ! five /rong hues h slipp$ d[n to ! knuckles1 :]e !y /& = ! equator ( ! color ,sph]e4 ,/ill l[] d[n at ! wri/ is black4 7#ee7 ,! h& ?us becomes a color hold]1 ) :ite at ! f+] tips1 black at ! wri/1 /rong colors ar\nd ! outside1 & weak] colors )9 ! holl[4 ,ea* f+] is a scale ( its own color1 ) :ite above & black bel[1 :ile ! gray+ ( all ! hues is trac$ by imag9>y l9es :i* meet 9 ! middle ( ! h&4 ,?us a *ild's h& may be 8 sub/itute = ! color sph]e1 & also make him realize t x is fill$ ) gray] degrees ( ! outside colors1 all ( :i* melt into gray 9 ! c5tre4 ,neighborly & opposite hues2 & _! mixture4 7#ef7 ,let ?is circle 7,fig4 #g7 /& = ! equator ( ! color sph]e ) ! five pr9cipal hues 7writt5 by _! initials ,r1 ,y1 ,g1 ,b1 & ,p7 spac$ ev5ly ab\t x4 ,"s colors are neighbors1 z r$ & yell[1 :ile o!rs are opposites4 ,z soon z a *ild exp]im5ts ) pa9ts1 he w notice ! diff]5t results obta9$ by mix+ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,fir/1 ! neighbors1 t is1 any pair :i* lie next "o ano!r1 z r$ & yell[1 w unite to make a hue :i* reta9s a sugge/ion ( bo?4 ,x is int]m$iate betwe5 r$ & yell[1 & we call x ,,yell[-,,r$4#ag 7#eg7 ,gre5 & yell[ unite to =m ,,gre5-,,yell[1 blue & gre5 make ,,blue-,,gre51 & s on ) ea* succe$+ pair4 ,^! int]m$iates are to be writt5 by _! initials1 & ins]t$ 9 _! prop] place betwe5 ! pr9cipal hues4 ,x is z if an orange 7p>agraph #i7 7 split into t5 sectors in/ead ( five1 ) r$1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 & purple z alt]nate sectors1 :ile half ( ea* adjo9+ color pair 7 unit$ to =m ! sector betwe5 !m4 ,! orig9al ord] ( five hues is 9 no wise di/urb$1 b l9k$ toge!r by five int]m$iate /eps4 7#eh7 ,"h is a table ( ! int]m$iates made by mix+ ea* pair3-- ,r$ & yell[ unite to =m yell[-r$ 7,,yr71 popul>ly call$ orange4#ag ,yell[ & gre5 unite to =m gre5-yell[ 7,,gy71 popul>ly call$ grass gre54 ,gre5 & blue unite to =m blue-gre5 7,,bg71 popul>ly call$ peacock blue4 ,blue & purple unite to =m purple-blue 7,,pb71 popul>ly call$ violet4 ,purple & r$ unite to =m r$-purple 7,,rp71 popul>ly call$ plum4 ,us+ ! left h& aga9 to hold colors1 ! pr9cipal hues rema9 un*ang$ on ! knuckles1 b 9 ! holl[s betwe5 !m are plac$ int]m$iate hues1 s t ! circle n[ reads3 r$1 yell[-r$1 yell[1 gre5-yell[1 gre51 blue-gre51 blue1 purple-blue1 purple1 & r$-purple1 back to ! r$ ) :i* we />t$4 ,?is circuit is easily memoriz$1 s t ! *ild may beg9 ) any color po9t1 & repeat ! s]ies clock wise 7t is1 f left to "r7 or 9 rev]se ord]4 ,footnote #ag3 ,orange is a v>iable union ( yell[ & r$4 ,see ,app5dix4 7#ei7 ,ea* pr9cipal hue has ?us made two close neighbors by mix+ ) ! ne>e/ pr9cipal hue on ei!r h&4 ,! neighbors ( r$ are a yell[-r$ on "o side & a purple-r$ on ! o!r4 ,! neighbors ( gre5 are a gre5-yell[ on "o h& & a blue-gre5 on ! o!r4 ,x is evid5t t a /ill clos] neighbor c\ld be made by aga9 mix+ ea* consecutive pair 9 ?is circle ( t5 hues2 &1 if ! process 7 cont9u$ long en\gh1 ! color /eps w\ld become s f9e t ! eye c\ld see only a circuit ( hues melt+ imp]ceptibly "o into ano!r4 7#fj7 ,b x is bett] = ! *ild to ga9 a fix$ idea ( r$1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 & purple1 ) _! int]m$iates1 be=e attempt+ to mix pigm5ts1 & ^! t5 /eps are suffici5t = prim>y education4 7#fa7 ,next comes ! "q ( opposites 9 ?is circle4 ,a l9e drawn f r$1 ?r\gh ! c5tre1 f9ds its opposite1 blue-gre54#ah ,if ^! colors are mix$1 !y unite to =m gray4 ,inde$1 ! c5tre ( ! circle /&s = a middle gray1 n only because x is ! c5tre ( ! neutral axis betwe5 black & :ite1 b also because any pair ( opposites w unite to =m gray4 ,footnote #ah3 ,gre5 is (t5 wrongly assign$ z ! opposite ( r$4 ,see ,app5dix1 on ,false ,color ,balance4 7#fb7 ,?is is a table ( five mixtures :i* make neutral gray3 ,r$ ,blue-gre5 ,yell[ ,purple-blue ,opposites ,gre5 ,r$-purple ,ea* pair ( :i* unites ,blue ,yell[-r$ 9 neutral gray4 ,purple ,gre5-yell[ 7#fc7 ,b if1 in/ead ( mix+ ^! opposite hues1 we place !m side by side1 ! eye is s /imulat$ by _! diff]5ce t ea* seems to ga9 9 /r5g?2 i4e41 ea* enhances ! o!r :5 sep>ate1 b de/roys ! o!r :5 mix$4 ,?is is a v int]e/+ po9t to be m fully illu/rat$ by ! help ( a color :eel 9 ,*apt] ,v41 p>agraph #ajf4 ,:at we ne$ to rememb] is t ! mixture ( neighborly hues makes !m less /imulat+ to ! eye1 because !y resemble ea* o!r1 :ile a mixture ( opposite hues ext+ui%es bo? 9 a neutral gray4 ,hues once remov$1 & _! mixture4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 7#fd7 ,!re rema9s ! "q1 ,:at w happ5 if we mix1 n two neighbors1 nor two opposites1 b a pair ( hues once remov$ 9 ! circle1 su* z r$ & gre58 ,a l9e jo9+ ?is pair does n pass ?r\gh ! neutral c5tre1 b to "o side ne>] yell[1 :i* %[s t ?is mixture falls betwe5 neutral gray & yell[1 p>tak+ some:at ( ea*4 ,9 ! same way a l9e jo9+ yell[ & blue %[s t _! mixture conta9s bo? gre5 & gray4 ,inde$1 a l9e jo9+ any two colors 9 ! circuit may be said to describe _! union4 ,a radius cross+ ?is l9e passes to "s hue on ! circumf]5ce1 & describes by its int]section ) ! fir/ l9e ! *roma ( ! color made by a mixture ( ! two orig9al colors4 ,r$ ,gre5 make ,yell[-gray ,yell[ ,blue ,gre5-gray ,ea* pair unites 9 a color$ ,gre5 ,purple ,blue-gray gray1 :i* is an int]m$iate hue ,blue ,r$ ,purple-gray ( weak *roma4 ,purple ,yell[ ,r$-gray ,mixture ( :ite & black3 a scale ( grays4 7#fe7 ,s f> we h ?\ght only ( ! plane ( ! equator1 ) its circle ( middle hues 9 t5 /eps1 & /udi$ _! mixture by draw+ l9es to jo9 !m4 ,n[ let u />t at ! neutral c5tre1 & ?9k upw>d to :ite & d[nw>d to black 7,fig4 #i47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,?is v]tical l9e is ! neutral axis jo9+ ! poles ( :ite & black1 :i* repres5t ! opposites ( light & d>kness4 ,middle gray is half-way betwe54 ,if black is call$ #j1 & :ite is #aj1 !n ! middle po9t is #e1 ) #f1 #g1 #h1 & #i above1 :ile #d1 #c1 #b1 & #a are bel[1 ?us mak+ a v]tical scale ( grays f black to :ite 7,*apt] ,,ii41 p>agraph #be74 ,if left to p]sonal pref]5ce1 an e/imate ( middle value w v>y ) ea* individual :o attempts to make x4 ,?is appe>s 9 ! neutral scales already publi%$ = s*ools1 & /ud5ts :o dep5d ^u !m1 discov] a v>iation ( ov] #aj p] c5t4 9 ! selection ( middle gray4 ,s9ce ?is ,,value ,,scale und]lies all color "w1 x ne$s accurate adju/m5t by sci5tific means1 z 9 scales ( s\nd1 ( l5g?1 ( weight1 or ( temp]ature4 ,a ,,photomet] 7photo1 light1 & met]1 a measure7#ai is %[n on ! next page4 ,x measures ! relative am\nt ( light :i* ! eye receives f any s\rce1 & s enables u to make a scale ) any numb] ( regul> /eps4 ,! pr9ciple on :i* x acts is v simple4 ,footnote #ai3 ,adopt$ 9 ,c\rse on ,optical ,measurem5ts at ! ,massa*usetts ,in/itute ( ,te*nology4 ,in/rum5ts h also be5 made = ! ,h>v>d ,m$ical ,s*ool1 ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t 9 ,wa%+ton1 & v>i\s private laboratories4 ,a rectangul> box1 divid$ by a c5tral p>tition into halves1 has symmetrical op5+s 9 ! front walls1 :i* p]mit ! light to rea* two :ite fields plac$ ^u ! back walls4 ,if "o looks 9 ?r\gh ! obs]vation tube1 bo? halves are se5 to be exactly alike1 & ! :ite fields equally illum9at$4 ,a valve is !n fitt$ to "o ( ! front op5+s1 s t ! light 9 t half ( ! photomet] may be gradually dim9i%$4 ,its :ite field is ?us d>k5$ by measur$ degrees1 & becomes black :5 all light is exclud$ by ! clos$ valve4 ,:ile ?is d>k5+ process goes on 9 "o-half ( ! in/rum5t1 ! :ite field 9 ! o!r half does n *ange1 &1 look+ into ! eyepiece1 ! obs]v] sees ea* /ep contra/$ ) ! orig9al :ite4 ,"o-half is ?us said to be v>iable because ( its valve1 & ! o!r side is said to be fix$4 ,a dial connect$ ) ! valve has a h& mov+ ov] x to %[ h[ mu* light is admitt$ to ! field 9 ! v>iable half4 ,let u n[ te/ "o ( ^! p]sonal decisions ab\t middle value4 ,a sample replaces ! :ite field 9 ! fix$ half1 & by means ( ! valve1 ! :ite field 9 ! v>iable half is alt]nately d>k5$ & light5$1 until x mat*es ! sample & ! eye sees no diff]5ce 9 ! two4 ,! dial !n discloses ! fact t ?is suppos$ly ,,middle ,,value reflects only #db p] c5t4 ( ! light2 t is to say1 x is ne>ly a :ole /ep too l[ 9 a decimal scale4 ,o!r samples err ne>ly z f> on ! light side ( middle value1 & fur!r te/s prove n only ! v>y+ color s5sitiv5ess ( individuals1 b detect a diff]5ce betwe5 ! left & "r eye ( ! same p]son4 ,illu/ration3 ,,photomet]4 ,back ,view4 ,front ,view4 ,! vag>ies ( color e/imate ?us disclos$1 lead "s to seek %elt] 9 feel+ & inspiration2 b feel+ & inspiration are temp]am5tal1 & h no?+ to d ) ! simple facts ( vision4 ,a measur$ & un*ang+ scale is z necess>y & valuable 9 ! tra9+ ( ! eye z ! musical scale 9 ! discipl9e ( ! e>4 ,x w soon be necess>y to talk ( ! values 9 ea* color4 ,we may di/+ui% ! values on ! neutral axis f color values by writ+ !m ,n#a1 ,n#b1 ,n#c1 ,n#d1 ,n#e1 ,n#f1 ,n#g1 ,n#h1 ,n#i1 ,n#aj4 ,su* a scale makes x easy to =esee ! result ( mix+ light values ) d>k ones4 ,any two gray values unite to =m a gray midway betwe5 !m4 ,?us ,n#d & ,n#f be+ equally above & bel[ ! c5tre1 unite to =m ,n#e1 z w also ,n#g & ,n#c1 ,n#h & ,n#b1 or ,n#i & ,n#a4 ,b ,n#i & ,n#c w unite to =m ,n#f1 :i* is midway betwe5 #f & #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,v]tical ,section ?r\gh light op5+s4 ,,p>ts4 ,c1 ,,cab9et1 ) sample-hold] 7,h7 & mirror 7,m71 :i* may be remov$ & /or$ to left ( dial 7,d7 :5 in/rum5t is clos$ = transportation4 ,d1 ,,dial3 records color values 9 t]ms ( /&>d :ite 7#ajj71 ! opposite end ( ! scale be+ absolute blackness 7#j74 ,e1 ,,eye-,,piece3 to %ield eye & sample f extrane\s light :ile color det]m9ations are be+ made4 ,fatigue ( ret9a %\ld be avoid$4 ,g1 ,,ge>3 actuates cat's-eye %utt]1 :i* controls am\nt ( light admitt$ to "r half ( in/rum5t4 ,its %aft c>ries index-h& ov] dial4 ,h1 ,,field-,,hold]3 reta9s sample & /&>d :ite 9 same plane1 & isolates !m4 ,is h+$ ^u l[] edge1 & secur$ by pivot clamp4 ,m1 ,,mirror3 p]mits obs]vation ( ! isolat$ halves ( ! hold]1 be>+ /&>d :ite & ! color to be measur$4 ,%\ld be clean & free f du/ on bo? sides ( c5tral p>tition4 ,s1 ,,diffus+ ,,scre51 plac$ ov] front ap]tures1 to ev5ly di/ribute ! light4 7#ff7 ,:5 ?is numb]$ scale ( values is famili>1 x s]ves n only to describe light & d>k grays1 b ! value ( colors :i* are at ! same level 9 ! scale4 ,?us ,r#g 7popul>ly call$ a t9t ( r$7 is nei!r light] nor d>k] ?an ! gray ( ,n#g4 ,a num]al writt5 above to ! "r always indicates value1 :e!r ( a gray or a color1 s t ,r#a1 ,r#b1 ,r#c1 ,r#d1 ,r#e1 ,r#f1 ,r#g1 ,r#h1 ,r#i1 describes a regul> scale ( r$ values f black to :ite1 :ile ,g#a1 ,g#b1 ,g#c1 etc41 is a scale ( gre5 values4 7#fg7 ,?is matt] ( a notation = colors w be m fully work$ out 9 ,*apt] ,,vi41 b ! lett]s & num]als already describ$ greatly simplify :at we are ab\t to consid] 9 ! mixture & balance ( colors4 ,mixture ( light hues ) d>k hues4 7#fh7 ,n[ t we are suppli$ ) a decimal scale ( grays1 repres5t$ by divisions ( ! neutral axis 7,n#a1 ,n#b1 etc471 & a correspond+ decimal scale ( value = ea* ( ! t5 hues rang$ ab\t ! equator 7,r#a1 ,r#b1-- ,,yr#a1 ,,yr#b1-- ,y#a1 ,y#b1-- ,,gy#a1 ,,gy#b1-- & s on71 trac$ by t5 equidi/ant m]idians f black to :ite1 x is n difficult to =esee :at ! mixture ( any two colors w produce1 :e!r !y are ( ! same level ( value1 z 9 ! colors ( ! equator already consid]$1 or :e!r !y are ( diff]5t levels4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 7#fi7 ,= in/ance1 let u mix a light yell[ 7,y#g7 ) a d>k r$ 7,r#c74 ,!y are neighbors 9 hue1 b well remov$ 9 value4 ,a l9e jo9+ !m c5tres at ,,yr#e4 ,?is describes ! result ( _! mixture1--a value int]m$iate betwe5 #g & #c1 ) a hue int]m$iate betwe5 ,r & ,y4 ,x is a yell[-r$ ( middle value1 popul>ly call$ d>k orange4 ,b1 :ile ?is t]m d>k orange r>ely means ! same color to ?ree diff]5t p1 ^! measur$ scales give to ,,yr#e an unmi/akable mean+1 j z ! musical scale gives an unmi/akable significance to ! notes ( its score4 7#gj7 ,evid5tly1 ?is way ( writ+ colors by _! degrees ( value & hue gives cle>ness to :at w\ld o!rwise be h>d to express by ! color t]ms 9 common use4 7#ga7 ,if ,y#i & ,r#e be *os5 = mixture1 we "k at once t !y unite 9 ,,yr#g1 :i* is two /eps ( ! value scale above ! middle2 :ile ,y#f & ,r#b make ,,yr#d1 :i* is "o /ep bel[ ! middle4 ,*>ts prep>$ ) ?is sy/em %[ ea* ( ^! colors & _! mixture ) exactness4 7#gb7 ,! =ego+ mixtures ( d>k r$s & light yell[s are typical ( ! union ( light & d>k values ( any neighbor+ hues1 su* z yell[ & gre51 gre5 & blue1 blue & purple1 or purple & r$4 ,next let u ?9k ( ! result ( mix+ diff]5t values 9 opposite hues2 z1 = in/ance1 ,,yr#g & ,b#c 7,fig4 #aa74 ,to ?is comb9ation ! color sph]e gives a ready answ]2 = ! middle ( a /raight l9e ?r\gh ! sph]e1 & jo9+ !m1 co9cides ) ! neutral c5tre1 %[+ t !y balance 9 neutral gray4 ,?is is also true ( any opposite pair ( surface hues :]e ! values are equally remov$ f ! equator4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 7#gc7 ,suppose we sub/itute famili> fl[]s = ! notation1 !n ,,yr#g becomes ! butt]cup1 & ,b#c is ! wild violet4 ,b1 9 comp>+ ! two1 ! eye is m /imulat$ by ! butt]cup ?an by ! violet1 n alone because x is light]1 b because x is /rong] 9 *roma2 t is1 f>!r away f ! neutral axis ( ! sph]e1 & 9 fact out beyond its surface1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,! head ( a p9 /uck 9 t[>d ! axis on ! #g? level ( ,,yr may repres5t ! #i? /ep 9 ! scale ( *roma1 su* z ! butt]cup1 :ile ! mode/ violet ) a *roma ( only #d1 is %[n by its position to be ne>] ! neutral axis ?an ! brilliant butt]cup by five /eps ( *roma4 ,?is is ! ?ird dim5sion ( color1 & mu/ be includ$ 9 our notation4 ,s we write ! butt]cup ,,yr #g_/i & ! violet ,b #c_/d1--;*roma always be+ writt5 bel[ to ! "r ( hue1 & value always above4 7,?is is ! inv>iable ord]3 ,,hue ,,value_/,,*roma47 7#gd7 ,a l9e jo9+ ! head ( ! p9 m5tion$ above ) ,b #c_/d does n pass ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! sph]e1 & its middle po9t is ne>] ! butt]cup ?an ! neutral axis1 %[+ t ! hues ( ! butt]cup & violet d n balance 9 gray4 ,! neutral c5tre is a balanc+ po9t = colors4 7#ge7 ,?is raises ! "q1 ,:at is balance ( color8 ,arti/s criticise ! color s*emes ( pa9t+s z be+ too light or too d>k 7unbalanc$ 9 value71 too weak or too /rong 7unbalanc$ 9 *roma71 & too hot or too cold 7unbalanc$ 9 hue71 %[+ t ?is is a fundam5tal idea und]ly+ all color arrangem5ts4 7#gf7 ,let u assume t ! c5tre ( ! sph]e is ! natural balanc+ po9t = all colors 7:i* w be be/ %[n by ,maxwell discs 9 ,*apt] ,v41 p>agraphs #ajf-aab71 !n color po9ts equally remov$ f ! c5tre mu/ balance "o ano!r4 ,?us :ite balances black4 ,light] r$ balances d>k] blue-gre54 ,middle r$ balances middle blue-gre54 ,9 %ort1 e /raight l9e ?r\gh ?is c5tre indicates opposite qualities t balance "o ano!r4 ,! color po9ts s f\nd are said to be complem5t>y1 = ea* supplies :at is ne$$ to complem5t or balance ! o!r 9 hue1 value1 & *roma4 7#gg7 ,! true complem5t ( ! butt]cup1 !n1 is n ! violet1 :i* is too weak 9 *roma to balance its /rong opposite4 ,we h no blue fl[] t c equal ! *roma ( ! butt]cup4 ,"s o!r means mu/ be f\nd to produce a balance4 ,"o way is to use m ( ! weak] color4 ,?us we c make a bun* ( butt]cups & violets1 us+ twice z _m ( ! latt]1 s t ! eye sees an area ( blue twice z great z ! area ( yell[-r$4 ,area z a comp5sation = inequalities ( hue1 value1 & *roma w be fur!r describ$ "u ! h>mony ( color 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 7#gh7 ,b1 be=e leav+ ?is illu/ration ( ! butt]cup & violet1 x is well to consid] ano!r color pa? connect+ !m :i* does n pass ?r\gh ! sph]e1 b ar\nd x 7,fig4 #ab74 ,su* a pa? sw++ ar\nd f yell[-r$ to blue slants d[nw>d 9 value1 & passes ?r\gh yell[1 gre5-yell[1 gre51 & blue-gre51 trac+ a sequ5ce ( hue1 ( :i* ea* /ep is less *romatic ?an its pr$ecessor4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,?is dim9i%+ sequ5ce is easily writt5 ?us1--,,yr #h_/i1 ,y #g_/h1 ,,gy #f_/g1 ,g #e_/f1 ,,bg #d_/e1 ,b #c_/d1--;& is %[n graphically 9 ,fig4 #ab4 ,its hue sequ5ce is describ$ by ! initials ,,yr1 ,y1 ,,gy1 ,g1 ,,bg1 & ,b4 ,its value-sequ5ce appe>s 9 ! upp] num]als1 #h1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #d1 & #c1 :ile ! *roma-sequ5ce is includ$ 9 ! l[] num]als1 #i1 #h1 #g1 #f1 #e1 & #d4 ,?is gives a complete /atem5t ( ! sequ5ce1 def9+ its peculi>ity1 t at ea* *ange ( hue !re is a regul> decrease ( value & *roma4 ,nature seems to be p>tial to ?is sequ5ce1 con/antly reit]at+ x 9 yell[ fl[]s ) _! d>k] gre5 leaves & und]ly+ %ad[s4 ,9 spr+ "t %e may contract its range1 mak+ ! blue m gre5 & ! yell[ less r$1 b 9 autumn %e seems to wid5 ! range1 pres5t+ /rong contra/s ( yell[-r$ & purple-blue4 7#gi7 ,e day %e plays ^u ! values ( ?is sequ5ce1 f ! /rong contra/s ( light & %ad[ at noon to ! h>dly p]ceptible diff]5ces at twilight4 ,! *roma ( ?is sequ5ce exp&s dur+ ! summ] to /rong colors1 & contracts 9 w9t] to grays4 ,inde$1 ,nature1 :o w\ld seem to be ! s\rce ( our notions ( color h>mony1 r>ely repeats h]self1 yet is endlessly balanc+ inequalities ( hue1 value1 & *roma by comp5sations ( quantity4 7#hj7 ,s subtle is ?is equilibrium t x is tak5 = grant$ & =gott51 except :5 "s viol5t di/urbance dis>ranges x1 su* z an e>?quake or a ?und]-/orm4 ,! triple nature ( color balance illu/rat$4 7#ha7 ,! simple/ idea ( balance is ! equilibrium ( two halves ( a /ick support$ at its middle po9t4 ,if "o end is heavi] ?an ! o!r1 ! support mu/ be mov$ ne>] to t end4 ,b1 s9ce color unites ?ree qualities1 we mu/ seek "s type ( triple balance4 ,! game ( jack/raws illu/rates ?is1 :5 ! di/urbance ( "o piece involves ! displacem5t ( two o!rs4 ,! action ( ?ree *ildr5 on a float+ plank or ! equilibrium ( two acrobats c>ri$ on ! %\ld]s ( a ?ird may also s]ve z examples4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 7#hb7 ,triple balance may be graphically %[n by ?ree discs 9 contact4 ,two ( !m are susp5d$ by _! c5tres1 :ile !y rema9 9 t\* ) a ?ird support$ on a pivot1 z 9 ,fig4 #ad4 ,let u call ! l[e/ disc ,hue 7,h71 & ! lat]al discs ,value 7,v7 & ,*roma 7,c74 ,any dip or rotation ( ! l[] disc ,h w induce sympa!tic action 9 ! two lat]al discs ,v & ,c4 ,:5 ,h is incl9$1 bo? ,v & ,c *ange _! relations to x4 ,if ,h is rais$ v]tically1 bo? ,v & ,c dip outw>d4 ,if ,h is rotat$1 bo? ,v & ,c rotate1 b 9 opposite directions4 ,inde$1 any di/urbance ( ,v affects ,h & ,c1 :ile ,h & ,v respond to any movem5t ( ,c4 ,s we mu/ be prep>$ to realize t any *ange ( "o color quality involves readju/m5t ( ! o!r two4 7#hc7 ,color balance soon leads to a /udy ( optics 9 "o direction1 to /hetics 9 ano!r1 & to ma!matical proportions 9 a ?ird1 & any attempt at an easy solution ( its problems is n likely to succe$4 ,x is a v complicat$ "q1 ^: close/ c\nt]p>t is to be s\ght 9 musical rhy?ms4 ,! fall ( musical impulses ^u ! e> c make u gay or sad1 & !re are color gr\ps :i*1 act+ ?r\gh ! eye1 c convey pleasure or pa9 to ! m9d4 7#hd7 ,a colori/ is ke5ly alive to ^! feel+s ( satisfaction or annoyance1 & consci\sly or unconsci\sly he rejects c]ta9 comb9ations ( color & accepts o!rs4 ,successful pictures & decorative s*emes are due to "s sort ( balance unit+ light & %ade 7value71 w>m? & coolness 7hue71 ) brilliancy & grayness 7*roma72 =1 :5 !y fail to please1 ! m9d at once beg9s to se>* = ! unbalanc$ quality1 & compla9s t ! color is too hot1 too d>k1 or too crude4 ,?is ef=t to e/abli% pleas+ proportions may be unconsci\s 9 "o temp]am5t1 :ile x becomes a matt] ( def9ite analysis 9 ano!r4 ,em]son claim$ t ! unconsci\s only is complete4 ,we gladly p]mit ^? ^: color in/9ct is un]r+--7& h[ few !y are67--to neglect all rules & set =mulas4 ,b education is conc]n$ ) ! _m :o h n ?is gift4 7#he7 ,any real progress 9 color education mu/ come n f a bl9d imitation ( pa/ successes1 b by a /udy into ! laws :i* !y exemplify4 ,to exactly copy f9e ,japanese pr9ts or ,p]sian rugs or ,r5aissance tape/ries1 :ile x cultivates an appreciation ( _! ref9em5ts1 does n give "o ! p[] to create ?+s equally beautiful4 ,! ma/]pieces ( music correctly r5d]$ d n ( necessity make a compos]4 ,! musician1 besides ! /udy ( ma/]pieces1 absorbs ! sci5ce ( c\nt]po9t1 & records by an unmi/akable notation ! exact "* ( any new comb9ation ( musical int]vals :i* he conceives4 7#hf7 ,s mu/ ! art ( ! colori/ be furni%$ ) a sci5tific basis & a cle> =m ( color notation4 ,?is w record ! successes & failures ( ! pa/1 & aid 9 a se>*1 by contra/ & analysis1 = ! fundam5tals ( color balance4 ,)\t a measur$ & sy/ematic notation1 attempts to describe color h>mony only produce hazy g5]alities ( little value 9 describ+ our s5sations1 & fail to express ! ess5tial diff]5ces betwe5 good & bad color4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,illu/ration ,,false ,,color ,,balance4 ,!re is a widely accept$ error t r$1 yell[1 & blue are prim>y1 al?\gh ,brew/]'s !ory 0 long ago dropp$ :5 ! elem5ts ( color vision prov$ to be ,,r$1 ,,gre51 & ,,violet-,,blue4 ,! late ,pr(essor ,rood call$ att5tion to ?is 9 ,*apt]s ,,viii4-,,xi4 ( 8 book1 ,mod]n ,*romatics1 :i* appe>$ 9 #ahgi4 ,yet we f9d x v g5]ally taught 9 s*ool4 ,nor does ! h>m end !re1 = plac+ r$1 yell[1 & blue equidi/ant 9 a circle1 ) orange1 gre51 & purple z int]m$iates1 ! tea*] goes on to /ate t opposite hues are complem5t>y4 ,r$ is ?us made ! complem5t ( ,gre51 ,yell[ ,purple1 & ,blue ,orange4 ,un=tunately1 ea* ( ^! /atem5ts is wrong1 &1 if te/$ by ! mixture ( color$ lights or ) ,maxwell's rotat+ discs1 _! falsity is evid5t4 ,!re c be no d\bt t gre5 is n ! complem5t ( r$1 nor purple ( yell[1 nor orange ( blue1 = nei!r "o ( ^! pairs unites z x %\ld 9 a balanc$ neutrality1 & a total te/ ( ! circle gives great excess ( orange1 %[+ t r$ & yell[ usurp too great a portion ( ! circumf]5ce4 ,/>t+ f a false basis1 ! ,brew/] !ory c only lead to unbalanc$ & inh>moni\s effects ( color4 ,! fundam5tal color s5sations are ,,r$1 ,,gre51 & ,,violet-,,blue4 ,,r$ has = its true complem5t ,,blue-,,gre51 ,,gre5 ,,r$-,,purple1 & ,,violet-,,blue ,,yell[1 all ( ! hues 9 ! "r-h& column be+ comp\nd s5sations4 ,! s5sation ( gre5 is n due to a mixture ( yell[ & blue1 z ! absorptive action ( pigm5ts might lead "o to ?9k3 ,,gre5 ,,is ,,fundam5tal1 & n made by mix+ any hues ( ! spectrum1 :ile ,,yell[ ,,is ,,n ,,fundam5tal1 b caus$ by ! m+l$ s5sations ( r$ & gre54 ,?is is easily prov$ by a controll$ spectrum1 = all yell[-r$s1 yell[s1 & gre5-yell[s c be mat*$ by c]ta9 proportions ( r$ & gre5 light1 all blue-gre5s1 blues1 & purple-blues c be obta9$ by ! union ( gre5 & violet light1 :ile purple-blue1 purple1 & r$-purple result f ! union ( violet & r$ light4 ,b !re is no po9t :]e a mixture gives r$1 gre51 or violet-blue4 ,!y are ! true prim>ies1 ^: mixtures produce all o!r hues4 ,/udio & s*ool-room practice /ill cl+ to ! discr$it$ !ory1 claim+ t1 if x fails to describe our color s5sations1 yet x may be call$ practically true ( pigm5ts1 because a r$1 yell[1 & blue pigm5t suffice to imitate mo/ natural colors4 ,?is discrepancy betwe5 pigm5t mixture & ret9al mixture becomes cle> z soon z "o le>ns ! physical make-up & behavior ( pa9ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,v]milion ,spectra ,em4 ,gre5 ,p4 ,b4 ,g4 ,y4 ,r4 ,spectral analysis %[s t no pigm5t is a pure example ( ! dom9ant hue :i* x s5ds to ! eye4 ,take1 = example1 ! v *romatic pigm5ts repres5t+ r$ & gre51 su* z v]milion & em]ald gre54 ,if ea* emitt$ a s+le pure hue free f trace ( any o!r hue1 !n _! mixture w\ld appe> yell[1 z :5 spectral r$ & gre5 unite4 ,b1 in/ead ( yell[1 _! mixture produces a w>m gray1 call$ br[n or dull salmon1 & ?is is to be inf]r$ f _! spectra1 :]e x is se5 t v]milion emits "s gre5 & purple z well z its dom9ant color1 :ile ! gre5 also s5ds "s blue & r$ light to ! eye4#bj ,footnote #bj3 ,see ,rood1 ,*apt] ,,vii41 on ,color by ,absorption4 ,?us /ray hues f o!r p>ts ( ! spectrum t5d to neutralize ! yell[ s5sation1 :i* w\ld be /rong if ea* ( ! pigm5ts 7 pure 9 ! spectral s5se4 ,pigm5t absorption affects all palette mixtures1 &1 fail+ to obta9 a satisfactory yell[ by mixture ( r$ & gre51 pa9t]s use orig9al yell[ pigm5ts1--su* z aureol91 cadmium1 & lead *romate1--ea* ( !m also impure b giv+ a dom9ant s5sation ( yell[4 ,did ! eye discrim9ate1 z does ! e> :5 x analyzes ! sep>ate tones ( a *ord1 !n we %\ld recognize t yell[ pigm5ts emit bo? r$ & gre5 rays4 ,:ite light disp]s$ into a color$ b& by "o prism1 may h ! process rev]s$ by a second prism1 s t ! eye sees aga9 only :ite light4 ,b ?is w\ld n be s1 did n ! balance ( r$1 gre51 & violet-blue s5sations rema9 undi/urb$4 ,all our ideas ( color h>mony are bas$ ^u ?is fundam5tal relation1 &1 if pigm5ts are to r5d] h>moni\s effects1 we mu/ le>n to control _! impurities s z to pres]ve a balance ( r$1 gre51 & violet-blue4 ,o!rwise1 ! excessive *roma & value ( r$ & yell[ pigm5ts s ov]:elm ! less] degrees ( gre5 & blue pigm5ts t no balance is possible1 & ! colori/ ( f9e p]ception mu/ reject n alone ! !oretical1 b also ! practical outcome ( a r$-yell[-blue !ory4 ,"s ( ! po9ts rais$ 9 ?is discussion are r subtle = /ud5ts1 & may well be left until !y arise 9 a /udy ( optics1 b ! tea*] %\ld grasp !m cle>ly1 s z n to be l$ into false /atem5ts ab\t prim>y & complem5t>y hues4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,prismatic ,,color4 ,pure color is se5 9 ! spectrum ( sunlight4 7#hg7 ,! /ronge/ s5sation ( color is ga9$ 9 a d>k5$ room1 ) a prism us$ to split a beam ( sunlight into its v>i\s wave l5g?s4 ,?r\gh a n>r[ slit !re ent]s a /raight p5cil ( light :i* we are accu/om$ to ?9k ( z :ite1 al?\gh x is a bundle ( v>i\sly color$ rays 7or waves ( e!r7 ^: union & balance is s p]fect t no s+le ray pr$om9ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 7#hh7 ,cov] ! n>r[ slit1 & we are plung$ 9 d>kness4 ,admit ! beam1 & ! eye feels a p[]ful contra/ betwe5 ! spot ( light on ! floor & its surr\nd+ d>kness4 ,place a triangul> glass prism ne> ! slit to int]cept ! beam ( :ite light1 & sudd5ly !re appe>s on ! opposite wall a b& ( brilliant colors4 ,?is delightful exp]im5t rivets ! eye by ! beauty & purity ( its hues4 ,all o!r colors seem weak by comp>ison4 ,_! weakness is due to impurity1 = all pigm5ts & dyes reflect portions ( hues o!r ?an _! dom9ant "o1 :i* t5d to gray & dim9i% _! *roma4 7#hi7 ,b prismatic color is pure1 or v ne>ly s1 because ! %ape ( ! glass refracts ea* hue1 & sep>ates x by ! l5g? ( its e!r wave4 ,^! waves h be5 measur$1 & sci5ce c "n ea* hue by its wave l5g?4 ,?us a c]ta9 r$ is kn[n z ,m4 #fhfg1 & a c]ta9 gre5 s5sation is ,m4 #ebfi4ba ,)\t attempt+ any sci5tific analysis ( color1 let x be said t ,sir ,isaac ,newton made 8 s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 #afhg1 & 0 privileg$ to "n ?is color sequ5ce by sev5 /eps :i* he call$ r$1 orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 violet1 & indigo4 ,lat] a sci5ti/ nam$ ,fraunh(] discov]$ f9e black l9es cross+ ! sol> spectrum1 & m>k$ !m ) lett]s ( ! alphabet f a to h4 ,^! ) ! wave l5g? s]ve to locate e hue & def9e e /ep 9 ! sequ5ce4 ,s9ce ,newton's "t x has be5 prov$ t only ?ree ( ! spectral hues are prim>y2 viz41 a r$1 a gre51 & a violet-blue1 :ile _! mixture produces all o!r gradations4 ,by receiv+ ! spectrum on an opaque scre5 ) f9e slits t fit ! r$ & gre5 waves1 s t !y alone pass ?r\gh1 ^! two prim>y hues c be receiv$ on mirrors incl9$ at su* an angle z to unite on ano!r scre51 :]e1 in/ead ( r$ or gre51 ! eye sees only yell[4#bb ,footnote #ba3 ,see ,micron 9 ,gloss>y4 ,footnote #bb3 ,! fact t ! spectral union ( r$ & gre5 makes yell[ is a matt] ( surprise to practical work]s 9 color :o are famili> ) ! action ( pigm5ts1 b unfamili> ) spectrum analysis4 ,yell[ seems to !m a prim>y & indisp5sable color1 because x _c be made by ! union ( r$ & gre5 pigm5ts4 ,ano!r surprise is await+ !m :5 !y he> t ! yell[ & blue ( ! spectrum make :ite1 = all _! exp]i5ce ) pa9ts goes to prove t yell[ & blue unite to =m gre54 ,att5tion is call$ to ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! mixture ( color$ light & ( color$ pigm5ts1 n ) ! idea ( expla9+ x "h1 b to emphasize _! diff]5ce2 = 9 ! next *apt] we %all describe ! practical mak+ ( a color sph]e ) pigm5ts1 :i* w\ld be q impractical1 c\ld we h only ! colors ( ! spectrum to "w )4 ,see ,app5dix to prec$+ *apt]4 7#ij7 ,a simil> arrangem5t ( slits & mirrors = ! gre5 & violet-blue proves t !y unite to make blue1 :ile a ?ird exp]im5t %[s t ! r$ & violet-blue c unite to make purple4 ,s yell[1 blue-gre51 & purple are call$ second>y hues because !y result f ! mixture ( ! ?ree prim>ies1 r$1 gre51 & violet-blue4 ,9 comp>+ ^! two color li/s1 we see t ! indigo & orange ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton h be5 disc>d$4 ,bo? are indef9ite1 & ref] to v>iable products ( ! vegetable k+dom4 ,violet is also borr[$ f ! same k+dom2 &1 9 ord] to describe a violet1 we say x is a purple violet or blue violet1 z ! case may be1 j z we describe an orange z a r$ orange or a yell[ orange4 ,_! color diff]5ce is n express$ by ! t]ms orange or violet1 b by ! words r$1 yell[1 blue1 or purple1 all ( :i* are true color names & ar\se an unmix$ color image4 7#ia7 ,9 ! nurs]y a *ild le>ns to use ! simple color names r$1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 & purple4 ,:5 famili>ity ) ! color sph]e makes him relate !m to ea* o!r & place !m betwe5 black & :ite by _! degree ( light & /r5g?1 !re w be no occasion to rev]t to vegetables1 animals1 m9]als1 or ! ev]-v>y+ hues ( sea & sky to express 8 color s5sations4 7#ib7 ,ano!r exp]im5t acc5tuates ! diff]5ce betwe5 spectral & pigm5t color4 ,:5 ! spectrum is spread on ! scre5 by ! use ( a prism1 & a second prism is plac$ inv]t$ beyond ! fir/1 x rega!rs ! disp]s$ rays back into _! orig9al beam1 mak+ a :ite spot on ! floor4 ,?is proves t all ! color$ rays ( light comb9e to balance ea* o!r 9 :it5ess4 ,b if pigm5ts :i* are ! close/ possible imitation ( ^! hues are unit$ on a pa9t]'s palette1 ei!r by ! bru% or ! knife1 !y make gray1 & n :ite4 7#ic7 ,?is is ano!r illu/ration ( ! behavior ( pigm5ts1 =1 in/ead ( unit+ to =m :ite1 !y =m gray1 :i* is a d>k5$ or impure =m ( :ite2 &1 le/ ?is %\ld be attribut$ to a *emical reaction betwe5 ! v>i\s matt]s t s]ve z pigm5ts1 ! exp]im5t c be c>ri$ out )\t all[+ "o pigm5t to t\* ano!r by us+ ,maxwell discs1 z w be %[n 9 ! next *apt]4 7#id7 ,be=e leav+ ^! prismatic colors1 let u /udy !m 9 ! light ( :at has already be5 le>n$ ( color dim5sions4 ,n only d !y pres5t diff]5t values1 b also diff]5t *romas4 ,_! values range f d>kness at ea* end1 :]e r$ & purple become visible1 to a brightness 9 ! gre5i% yell[1 :i* is almo/ :ite4 ,s on ! color tree describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii41 p>agraph #cd1 yell[ has ! highe/ bran*1 gre5 is l[]1 r$ is bel[ ! middle1 ) blue & purple l[] d[n1 ne> black4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 7#ie7 ,!n 9 *roma !y range f ! p[]ful /imulation ( ! r$ to ! soo?+ purple1 ) gre5 occupy+ an int]m$iate /ep4 ,?is is also giv5 on ! color tree by ! l5g? ( its bran*es4 7#if7 ,9 ,fig4 #ae ! v]tical curve describes ! values ( ! spectrum z !y grade f r$ ?r\gh yell[1 gre51 blue1 & purple4 ,! horizontal curve describes ! *romas ( ! spectrum 9 ! same sequ5ce2 :ile ! ?ird curve lean+ outw>d is obta9$ by unit+ ! fir/ two by two planes at "r angles to "o ano!r1 & sums up ! ?ree qualities by a s+le descriptive l9e4 ,n[ ! r$ & purple ends are f> ap>t1 & sci5ce =bids _! junction because ( _! great diff]5ce 9 wave l5g?4 ,b ! m9d is prone to unite !m 9 ord] to produce ! r$-purples :i* we see 9 cl\ds at sunset1 9 fl[]s & grapes & ! ame?y/4 ,inde$1 x has be5 done unhesitat+ly 9 mo/ color s*emes 9 ord] to supply ! opposite ( gre54 7#ig7 ,?is gives a slant+ circuit jo9+ all ! bran* ends ( ! color tree1 & has be5 lik5$ to ! r+s ( ,saturn 9 ,*apt] ,i41 p>agraph #ag4 ,a prismatic color sph]e4 7#ih7 ,) a little ef=t ( ! imag9ation we c picture a prismatic color sph]e1 us+ only ! colors ( light4 ,9 a cyl9drical *amb] is hung a diaphan\s ball simil> to a huge soap bubble1 :i* c display color on its surface )\t obscur+ its int]ior4 ,!n1 at ! prop] po9ts ( ! surr\nd+ wall1 ?ree pure beams ( color$ light are admitt$1--"o r$1 ano!r gre51 & ! ?ird violet-blue4 7#ii7 ,!y fall at prop] levels on ?ree sides ( ! sph]e1 :ile _! int]m$iate gradations encircle ! sph]e ) a complete spectrum plus ! ne$$ purple4 ,z !y p5etrate ! sph]e1 !y unite to balance ea* o!r 9 neutrality4 ,pure :it5ess is at ! top1 &1 by "s imag9>y means _! light gradually dim9i%es until !y disappe> 9 d>kness bel[4 7#ajj7 ,?is ideal color sy/em is impossible 9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k & implem5ts4 ,ev5 7 x possible1 its immat]ial hues c\ld n s]ve to dye mat]ials or pa9t pictures4 ,pigm5ts are1 & w 9 all probability cont9ue to be1 ! practical ag5ts ( colori/ic productions1 h[ev] reluctant ! sci5ti/ may be to accept !m z ! basis ( a color sy/em4 ,x is true t !y are *emically impure & imp]fectly repres5t ! colors ( light4 ,"s ( !m fade rapidly & und]go *emical *ange1 z 9 ! notable case ( a gre5 pigm5t te/$ by ?is measur$ sy/em1 :i* 9 a few weeks lo/ f\r /eps ( *roma1 ga9$ two /eps ( value1 & swung into a blu] hue4 7#aja7 ,b ! color sph]e to be next describ$ is work$ out ) a few reliable pigm5ts1 mo/ly natural e>?s1 ^: fad+ is a matt] ( ye>s & s slight z to be almo/ imp]ceptible4 ,besides1 its pr9cipal hues are pres]v$ 9 safe keep+ by imp]i%able enamels1 :i* c be us$ to correct any t5d5cy ( ! pigm5ts to di/ort ! measur$ int]vals ( ! color sph]e4 ,?is meets ! mo/ s]i\s objection to a pigm5t sy/em4 ,)\t x a *ild has no?+ tangible :i* he c keep 9 con/ant view to imitate & memorize4 ,) x he builds up a m5tal image ( measur$ relations t describe e color 9 nature1 includ+ ! fleet+ hues ( ! ra9b[1 al?\gh !y appe> b = a mom5t at r>e int]vals4 ,f9ally1 x furni%es a simple notation :i* records e color s5sation by a lett] & two num]als4 ,) ! enl>gem5t ( 8 m5tal p[] he w unite ^! 9 a compreh5sive grasp ( ! l>g] relations ( color4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,*ildr5's ,color ,/udies4 ,^! reproductions ( *ildr5's "w are giv5 z pro( t color *>m & good ta/e may be cultivat$ f ! />t4 ,,five ,,middle ,,hues are fir/ taught by ! use ( special crayons1 & lat] ) wat] colors4 ,!y repres5t ! equator ( ! color sph]e 7see ,plate ,i471--a circle midway betwe5 ! extremes ( color-light & color-/r5g?1--& are kn[n z ,,middle ,,r$1 ,,middle ,,yell[1 ,,middle ,,gre51 ,,middle ,,blue1 & ,,middle ,,purple4 ,^! are />t+-po9ts = tra9+ ! eye to measure regul> scales ( ,value & ,*roma4#bc ,only ) su* a tra9$ judgm5t is x safe to und]take ! use ( /rong colors4#bd ,footnote #bc3 ,see ,c5tury ,diction>y = def9ition ( *roma4 ,"u ! ^w color w be f\nd def9itions ( ,prim>y1 ,complem5t>y1 ,con/ants 7*roma1 lum9osity1 & hue71 & ! ,"y-,helmholtz !ory ( color-s5sation4 ,footnote #bd3 ,x mu/ n be assum$ because s mu* /ress is laid ^u quiet & h>moni\s color t ?is sy/em excludes ! m p[]ful degrees4 ,to d s w\ld =feit its claim to complet5ess4 ,a ,color ,atlas 9 prep>ation displays all kn[n degrees ( pigm5t color arrang$ 9 measur$ scales ( ,hue1 ,value1 & ,*roma4 ,beg9n]s %\ld avoid ,/rong ,color4 ,extreme r$1 yell[1 & blue are discordant4 7,!y %riek & swe>4 ,m>k ,twa9 calls ,roxana's g[n a volcanic eruption ( inf]nal spl5dors47 ,yet !re are "s :o claim t ! *ild craves !m1 & mu/ h !m to produce a ?rill4 ,s also does he crave c&ies1 mat*es1 & ! c>v+-knife4 ,he covets ! trumpet1 fire-gong1 & bass-drum = _! ?rill2 b :o w\ld ?9k !m necess>y to ! musical tra9+ ( ! e>8 ,l ! blaz+ bill-bo>d & ! circus wagon1 !y may be suff]$ out-(-doors2 b su* boi/]\s s\nds & color sprees are unfit = ! s*ool-room4 ,quiet ,color is ! ,m>k ( ,good ,ta/e4 ,ref9em5t 9 dress & ! furni%+s ( ! home is attractive1 b we %r9k f ^? :o are l\d 9 _! spee* or _! clo?+4 ,if we wi% our *ildr5 to become well-br$1 is x logical to beg9 by enc\rag+ b>b>\s ta/es8 ,_! "y m9ds are v op5 to sugge/ion4 ,!y quickly adopt our /&>ds1 & ! blame mu/ fall ^u u if !y acquire crude color habits4 ,yell[ j\rnalism & rag-"t tunes w n help _! ta/e 9 spee* or song1 nor w viol5t hues improve _! ta/e 9 matt]s ( color4 ,balance ( ,color is to be s\ght4 ,arti/s & decorators are well aw>e ( a fact t sl[ly dawns ^u ! /ud5t2 namely1 t color h>mony is due to ! pres]vation ( a subtle balance & impossible by ! use ( extremes4 ,?is balance ( color resides m )9 ! sph]ical surface ( ?is sy/em ?an 9 ! excessive *romas :i* project beyond4 ,x is futile to enc\rage *ildr5 9 ef=ts to rival ! poppy or butt]cup1 ev5 ) ! /ronge/ pigm5ts obta9able4 ,_! sunlit po9ts give pleasure because !y are surr\nd$ & balanc$ by blue e!r & wide gre5 fields4 ,7 ^! conditions rev]s$1 s t ! fl[]s appe>$ z little spots ( blue or gre5 9 great fields ( blaz+ r$1 orange1 & yell[1 our pa9$ eyes w\ld be %ut 9 disgu/4 ,! pa9t] kn[s t pigm5ts _c rival ! brilliancy ( ! butt]cup & poppy1 enhanc$ by _! surr\nd+s4 ,:at is m1 he does n c>e to attempt x4 ,nor does ! musician wi% to imitate ! scree* ( a sir5 or ! explosion ( a gun4 ,^! are n subjects = art4 ,h>moni\s s\nds are ! /udy ( ! musician1 & tun$ colors are ! mat]ials ( ! colori/4 ,corot 9 l&scape1 & ,titian1 ,velasquez1 & ,:i/l] 9 figure pa9t+1 %[ u t ,nature's ri*e/ effects & mo/ beautiful color are envelop$ 9 an atmosph]e ( gray4 ,beauty ( ,color lies 9 ,temp]$ ,relations4 ,music r>ely t\*es ! extreme range ( s\nd1 & h>moni\s color r>ely uses ! extremes ( color-light or color-/r5g?4 ,regul> scales 9 ! middle regi/] are fir/ giv5 to tra9 ! e>1 & s %\ld ! eye be fir/ famili>iz$ ) m$ium degrees ( color4 ,?is sy/em provides measur$ scales1 e/abli%$ by special in/rum5ts1 & is able to select ! middle po9ts ( r$1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 & purple z a basis = comp>+ & relat+ all colors4 ,^! five middle colors =m a ,*romatic ,tun+ ,=k4 7,see page #gj47 ,x is f> bett] t *ildr5 %\ld fir/ become famili> ) ^! tun$ color int]vals :i* are h>moni\s 9 !mselves r ?an beg9 by blund]+ among unrelat$ degrees ( h>% & viol5t color4 ,:o w\ld ?9k ( tea*+ ! musical scale ) a piano out ( tune8 ,! ,tun+ ( ,color _c be left to ,p]sonal ,:im4 ,! wide discrepancies ( r$1 yell[1 & blue1 :i* h be5 falsely taught z prim>y colors1 c no m be tun$ by a *ild ?an ! musical novice c tune 8 in/rum5t4 ,ea* ( ^! hues has ?ree v>iable factors 7see page #ad1 p>agraph #ad71 & sci5tific te/s are necess>y to measure & relate _! unev5 degrees ( ,hue1 ,value1 & ,*roma4 ,visual e/imates ( color1 )\t ! help ( any /&>d = comp>ison1 are cont9ually di/ort$ by d\bt1 guess-"w1 & ! fatigue ( ! eye4 ,h>dly two p]sons c agree 9 ! intelligible description ( color4 ,n only d individuals diff]1 b ! same eye w v>y 9 its e/imates f day to day4 ,a frequ5t assumption t all /rong pigm5ts are equal 9 *roma1 is f> f ! tru?1 & involves beg9n]s 9 _m mi%aps4 ,?us ! /ronge/ blue-gre51 *romium sesquioxide1 is b half ! *roma ( its r$ complem5t1 ! sulphuret ( m]cury4 ,yet ignorance is con/antly lead+ to _! unbalanc$ use4 ,inde$1 "s are /ill unaw>e t !y are ! complem5ts ( ea* o!r4#be ,footnote #be3 ,see ,app5dix to ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,x is evid5t t ! fundam5tal scales ( ,hue1 ,value1 & ,*roma mu/ be e/abli%$ by sci5tific measures1 n by p]sonal bias4 ,?is sy/em is unique 9 ! possession ( su* scales1 made possible by ! devis+ ( special in/rum5ts = ! measurem5t ( color1 & c !re=e be tru/$ z a p]man5t basis = tra9+ ! color s5se4 ,! examples 9 ,plates ,,ii4 & ,,iii4 %[ h[ successfully ! tun$ crayons1 c>ds1 & wat] colors ( ?is sy/em lead a *ild to f9e appreciations ( color h>mony4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,color ,,/udies ,,) ,,tun$ ,,crayons ,,9 ,,! ,,l[] ,,grades4 ,*ildr5 h made e example on ?is plate1 ) no o!r mat]ial ?an ! five crayons ( middle hue1 temp]$ ) gray & black4 ,a ,color ,sph]e is always kept 9 ! room = ref]5ce1 & five color balls to mat* ! five middle hues are plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! y\nge/ pupils4 ,/>t+ ) ^! middle po9ts 9 ! scales ( ,value & ,*roma1 !y le>n to e/imate rightly all light] & d>k] values1 all weak] & /rong] *romas1 & gradually build up a discipl9$ judgm5t ( color4 ,ea* /udy c be made ! basis ( _m v>iations by a simple *ange ( "o color elem5t1 z sugge/$ 9 ! text4 #a4 ,butt]fly4 ,yell[ & black crayon4 ,v>y by us+ any s+le crayon ) black4 #b4 ,di%4 ,r$ crayon1 blue & gre5 crayons = back & =egr\nd4 ,v>y by us+ ! two opposites ( any color *os5 = ! di% & omitt+ ! two neighbor+ colors4 ,see ,no4 #d4 #c4 ,hiawa?a's canoe4 ,yell[ crayon1 ) rim & "n 9 gre54 ,v>y color ( canoe1 keep+ ! rim a neighbor+ color4 ,see ,no4 #d4 #d4 ,color-circle4 ,gray crayon = c5tre1 & five crayons spac$ equidi/ant4 ,?is gives ! inv>iable ord]1 r$1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 purple4 ,nev] use all five 9 a s+le design4 ,ei!r use a color & its two neighbors or a color & its two opposites4 ,by m+l+ t\*es ( any two neighbors1 ! int]m$iates are made & nam$ yell[-r$ 7orange71 gre5-yell[1 blue-gre51 purple-blue 7violet71 & r$-purple4 ,abbreviat$1 ! circle reads ,r1 ,,yr1 ,y1 ,,gy1 ,g1 ,,bg1 ,b1 ,,pb1 ,p1 ,,rp4 #e4 ,rosette4 ,r$ cross 9 c5tre1 gre5 leaves3 blue field1 black outl9e4 ,v>y z 9 ,no4 #b4 #f4 ,rosette4 ,gre5 c5tre & edge ( leaves1 purple field & black acc5ts4 ,v>y color ( c5tre1 keep+ field two colors di/ant4 #g4 ,plaid4 ,use any ?ree crayons ) black4 ,v>y ! trio4 #h4 ,fold+ scre54 ,yell[ field 7lightly appli$71 gre5 & black edge4 ,make light] & d>k] values ( ea* color1 & arrange 9 scales grad$ f black to :ite4 #i4 ,rug4 ,light r$ field ) solid r$ c5tre1 bord] patt]n & edges ( gray4 ,?is is call$ self-color4 ,*ange to ea* ( ! crayons4 #aj4 ,rug4 ,light yell[ field & solid c5tre1 ) purple & black 9 bord] design4 ,v>y by *ange ( gr\nd1 keep+ design two colors di/ant & d>k5$ ) black4 #aa4 ,lattice4 ,yell[ ) black3 alt]nate gre5 & blue loz5ges4 ,v>y by keep+ ! loz5ges ( two neighbor+ colors1 b "o color remov$ f t ( ! lattice4 ,= pr9ciples involv$ 9 ^! color gr\ps1 see ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,color ,,/udies ,,) ,,tun$ ,,wat] ,,colors ,,9 ,,! ,,upp] ,,grades4 ,previ\s "w ) measur$ scales1 made by ! tun$ crayons & te/$ by ref]5ce to ! color sph]e1 h s tra9$ ! color judgm5t t *ildr5 may n[ be tru/$ ) m flexible mat]ial4 ,!y h memoriz$ ! equable degrees ( color on ! equator ( ! sph]e1 & f\nd h[ light] colors may balance d>k] colors1 h[ small areas ( /rong] *roma may be balanc$ by l>g] masses ( weak] *roma1 & 9 g5]al ga9$ a discipl9$ color s5se4 ,def9ite impressions & cle> ?9k+ h tak5 ! place ( guess-"w & blund]+4 ,?us1 be=e rea*+ ! second>y s*ool1 !y are put 9 possession ( ! color faculty by a sy/em & notation simil> to t :i* 0 devis$ c5turies ago = ! musical s5se4 ,no sy/em1 h[ev] logical1 w produce ! arti/1 b e arti/ ne$s "s sy/ematic tra9+ at ! outset1 & ?is simple me?od by measur$ scales is believ$ to be ! be/ yet devis$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #b4 ,copyright #aijg by ,a4 ,h4 ,munsell ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #c4 ,copyright #aijg by ,a4 ,h4 ,munsell ,ea* example on ?is plate may be made ! basis ( _m v>iants1 by small *anges 9 ! color /eps1 z sugge/$ 9 ! text1 & fur!r elaborat$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,inde$1 ! /udies reproduc$ on ,plates ,,ii4 & ,,iii4 are b a h&ful among hundr$s ( pleas+ results produc$ 9 a s+le s*ool4#bf #a4 ,patt]n4 ,purple & gre53 ! two unit$ & ?9n$ ) wat] w give ! gr\nd4 ,v>y ) any o!r color pair4 #b4 ,patt]n4 ,figure 9 middle r$1 ) d>k] blue-gre5 acc5t4 ,gr\nd ( middle yell[1 gray$ ) slight addition ( ! r$ & gre54 ,v>y ) purple 9 place ( blue-gre54 #c4 ,japanese teapot4 ,middle r$1 ) backgr\nd ( light] yell[ & =egr\nd ( gray$ middle yell[4 #d4 ,v>iant on ,no4 #c4 ,middle yell[1 ) slight addition ( gre54 ,=egr\nd ! same1 ) m r$1 & backgr\nd ( middle gray4 #e4 ,gr\p4 ,backgr\nd ( yell[-r$1 light] vase 9 yell[-gre51 & d>k] vase ( gre51 ) slight addition ( black4 ,v>y by inv]sion ( ! colors 9 gr\nd & d>k] vase4 #f4 ,wall decoration4 ,frieze patt]n made ( cat-tails & leaves1--! leaves ( blue-gre5 ) black1 tails ( yell[-r$ ) black1 & gr\nd ( ! two colors unit$ & ?9n$ ) wat]4 ,wall ( blue-gre51 slightly gray$ by additions ( ! two colors 9 ! frieze4 ,dado c\ld be a mat* ( ! cat-tails slightly gray]4 ,see ,fig4 #bc1 page #hb4 #g4 ,gr\p4 ,=egr\nd 9 purple-blue1 gray$ ) black4 ,vase ( purple-r$1 & backgr\nd 9 light] yell[-r$1 gray$4 ,= analysis ( ! gr\ps & means ( record+ !m1 see ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,footnote #bf3 ,! ,pope ,s*ool1 ,som]ville1 ,mass4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,a ,,pigm5t ,,color ,,sph]e4#bg ,h[ to make a color sph]e ) pigm5ts4 7#ajb7 ,! prec$+ *apt]s h built up an ideal color solid1 9 :i* e s5sation ( color f9ds its place & is cle>ly nam$ by its degree ( hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,x has be5 %[n t ! neutral c5tre ( ! sy/em is a balanc+ po9t = all colors1 t a l9e ?r\gh ?is c5tre f9ds opposite colors :i* balance & complem5t ea* o!r2 & we are n[ ready to make a practical application1 c>ry+ out ^! ideal relations ( color z f> z pigm5ts w p]mit 9 a color sph]e#bg 7,fig4 #af74 ,footnote #bg3 ,pat5t$ ,jan4 #i1 #aijj4 7#ajc7 ,! mat]ials are q simple4 ,fir/ a colorless globe1 m\nt$ s z to sp9 freely on its axis4 ,!n a measur$ scale ( value1 specially devis$ = ?is purpose1 obta9$ by ! daylight photomet]4#bh ,next a set ( c>efully *os5 pigm5ts1 ^: reasonable p]man5ce has be5 te/$ by long use1 & :i* are prep>$ s t !y w n gli/5 :5 spread on ! surface ( ! globe1 b give a uni=mly mat surface4 ,a glass palette1 palette knife1 & "s f9e bru%es complete ! li/4 ,footnote #bh3 ,see p>agraph #fe4 7#ajd7 ,"h is a li/ ( ! pa9ts arrang$ 9 pairs to repres5t ! five sets ( opposite hues describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iii41 p>agraphs #fa-fc3-- ,color ,pairs4 ,pigm5ts ,us$4 ,*emical ,nature4 ,r$ & ,v5etian r$4 ,calc9$ native e>?4 ,blue-gre54 ,viridian & ,cobalt4 ,*romium sesquioxide4 ,yell[ & ,raw ,si5na4 ,native e>?4 ,purple-blue4 ,ultram>9e4 ,artificial product4 ,gre5 & ,em]ald gre54 ,ars5ate ( copp]4 ,r$-purple4 ,purple madd]4 ,extract ( ! madd] plant4 ,blue & ,cobalt4 ,oxide ( cobalt ) alum9a4 ,yell[-r$4 ,orange cadmium4 ,sulphide ( cadmium4 ,purple & ,madd] & cobalt4 ,see ea* pigm5t above4 ,gre5-yell[4 ,em]ald gre5 ,see ea* pigm5t above4 & ,si5na4 7#aje7 ,^! pa9ts h v>i\s degrees ( hue1 value1 & *roma1 b c be temp]$ by additions ( ! neutrals1 z9c :ite & ivory black1 until ea* is br\ght to a middle value & te/$ on ! value scale4 ,aft] ea* pair has be5 ?us balanc$1 !y are pa9t$ 9 _! appropriate spaces on ! globe1 =m+ an equator ( balanc$ hues4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 7#ajf7 ,! me?od ( prov+ ?is balance has already be5 sugge/$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iv41 p>agraph #ic4 ,x consi/s ( an +5i\s implem5t devis$ by ,cl]k-,maxwell1 :i* gives u a result ( mix+ colors )\t ! *emical risks ( lett+ !m come 9 contact1 & also measures accurately ! quantity ( ea* :i* is us$ 7,fig4 #ag74 7#ajg7 ,?is is call$ a ,maxwell disc1 & is no?+ m ?an a circle ( firm c>dbo>d1 pi]c$ ) a c5tral hole to fit ! sp9dle ( a rot>y motor1 & ) a radial slit f rim to c5tre1 s t ano!r disc may be slid ov] ! fir/ to cov] any desir$ fraction ( its surface4 ,let u pa9t "o ( ^! discs ) ,v5etian r$ & ! o!r ) viridian & cobalt1 ! fir/ pair 9 ! li/ ( pigm5ts to be us$ on ! globe4 7#ajh7 ,hav+ dri$ ^! two discs1 "o is comb9$ ) ! o!r on ! motor %aft s t ea* color occupies half ! circle4 ,z soon z ! motor />ts1 ! two colors are no long] di/+ui%$1 & rapid rotation melts !m s p]fectly t ! eye sees a new color1 due to _! mixture on ! ret9a4 ,?is new color is a r$di% gray1 %[+ t ! r$ is m *romatic ?an ! blue-gre54 ,b by /opp+ ! motor & slid+ ! gre5 disc to cov] m ( ! r$ "o1 !re comes a po9t :]e rotation melts !m into a p]fectly neutral gray4 ,no h9t ( ei!r hue rema9s1 & ! pair is said to balance4 7#aji7 ,s9ce ?is balance has be5 obta9$ by unequal areas ( ! two pigm5ts1 x mu/ comp5sate = a lack ( equal *roma 9 ! hues 7see p>agraphs #gf1 #gg72 &1 to measure ?is inequality1 a slightly l>g] disc1 ) decimal divisions on its rim1 is plac$ back ( ! two pa9t$ ones4 ,if ?is scale %[s ! r$ z occupy+ #c-a_/c p>ts ( ! area1 :ile blue-gre5 occupies #f-b_/c p>ts1 !n ! blue-gre5 mu/ be only half z *romatic z ! r$1 s9ce x takes twice z mu* to produce ! balance4 7#aaj7 ,! r$ is !n gray$ 7dim9i%$ 9 *roma by additions ( a middle gray7 until x c occupy half ! circle1 ) blue-gre5 on ! rema9+ half1 & /ill produce neutrality :5 mix$ by rotation4 ,ea* disc n[ reads #e on ! decimal scale4 ,le/ ! gray+ ( r$ %\ld h di/urb$ its value1 x is aga9 te/$ on ! photometric scale1 & reads #d4g1 %[+ x has be5 slightly d>k5$ by ! gray+ process4 ,a little :ite is !re=e add$ until its value is re/or$ to #e4 7#aaa7 ,! two opposites are n[ completely balanc$1 = !y are equal 9 value 7#e71 equal 9 *roma 7#e71 & h prov$ _! equality z complem5ts by unit+ 9 equal areas to =m a neutral mixture4 ,x only rema9s to apply !m 9 _! prop] position on ! sph]e4 7#aab7 ,a b& is trac$ ar\nd ! equator1 divid$ 9 t5 equal spaces1 & lett]$ ,r1 ,,yr1 ,y1 ,,gy1 ,g1 ,,bg1 ,b1 ,,pb1 ,p1 & ,,rp 7see ,fig4 #ah74 ,?is balanc$ r$ & blue-gre5 are appli$ ) ! bru% to spaces m>k$ ,r & ,,bg1 c>e be+ tak5 to fill1 b n to ov]/ep ! b\nds1 & ! color laid absolutely flat1 t no unev5ness ( value or *roma may di/urb ! balance4 7#aac7 ,! next pair1 repres5t$ by ,raw ,si5na & ,ultram>9e1 is simil>ly br\ght to middle value1 balanc$ by equal areas on ! ,maxwell discs1 &1 :5 correct 9 ea* quality1 is pa9t$ 9 ! spaces ,y & ,,pb4 ,em]ald ,gre5 & ,purple ,madd]1 :i* =m ! next pigm5t pair1 are simil>ly temp]$1 prov$1 & appli$1 foll[$ by ! two rema9+ pairs1 until ! equator ( ! globe pres5ts its t5 equal /eps ( middle hues4 ,an equator ( t5 balanc$ hues4 7#aad7 ,n[ comes ! total te/ ( ?is circuit ( balanc$ hues by rotation ( ! sph]e4 ,z x ga9s spe$1 ! colors fla% less & less1 & f9ally melt into a middle gray ( p]fect neutrality4 ,_h x fail$ to produce ?is gray & %[n a t+e ( any hue /ill p]si/+1 we %\ld say t ! p]si/5t hue 0 9 excess1 or1 conv]sely1 t its opposite hue 0 defici5t 9 *roma1 & fail$ to pres]ve its %>e 9 ! balance4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 7#aae7 ,= in/ance1 _h rotation discov]$ ! p]si/5ce ( r$di% gray1 x w\ld h prov$ ! r$ too /rong1 or its opposite1 blue-gre51 too weak1 & we %\ld h be5 =c$ to retrace our /eps1 apply+ a correction until neutrality 0 e/abli%$ by ! rotation te/4 7#aaf7 ,?is is ! practical demon/ration ( ! ass]tion 7,*apt] ,i41 p>agraph #h7 t a color has ?ree dim5sions :i* c be measur$4 ,ea* ( ^! t5 middle hues has prov$ its "r to a def9ite place on ! color globe by its measurem5ts ( value & *roma4 ,be+ ( equal *roma1 all are equidi/ant f ! neutral c5tre1 &1 be+ equal 9 value1 all are equally remov$ f ! poles4 ,if ! w>m hues 7r$ & yell[7 or ! cool hues 7blue & gre57 7 9 excess1 ! rotation te/ ( ! sph]e w\ld fail to produce grayness1 & s detect its lack ( balance4#bi ,footnote #bi3 ,su* a te/ w\ld h expos$ ! excess ( w>m color 9 ! s*emes ( ,runge & ,*evreul1 z %[n 9 ! ,app5dix to ?is *apt]4 ,a *romatic tun+ =k4 7#aag7 ,! five pr9cipal /eps 9 ?is color equator are made 9 p]man5t enamel & c>efully safegu>d$1 s t1 if ! pigm5ts pa9t$ on ! globe %\ld *ange or become soil$1 x c\ld be at once detect$ & set "r4 ,^! five are middle r$ 7s call$ because midway betwe5 :ite & black1 z well z midway betwe5 our /ronge/ r$ & ! neutral c5tre71 middle yell[1 middle gre51 middle blue1 & middle purple4 ,!y may be call$ ! ,,*romatic ,,tun+ ,,=k1 = !y s]ve to e/abli% ! pit* ( colors1 z ! musical tun+ =k pres]ves ! pit* ( s\nds4 ,completion ( a pigm5t color sph]e4 7#aah7 ,:5 ! *romatic tun+ =k has ?us be5 obta9$1 ! completion ( ! globe is only a matt] ( pati5ce1 = ! same me?od c be appli$ at any level 9 ! scale ( value1 & a new circuit ( balanc$ hues made to con=m ) its position betwe5 ! poles ( :ite & black4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 7#aai7 ,! surface above & bel[ ! equatorial b& is set (f by p>allels to mat* ! photometric scale1 mak+ n9e b&s or value zones 9 all1 ( :i* ! equator is fif?1 ! black pole be+ #j & ! :ite pole #aj4 7#abj7 ,t5 m]idians c>ry ! equatorial hues across all ^! value zones & trace ! gradation ( ea* hue ?r\gh a complete scale f black to :ite1 m>k$ by _! values1 z %[n 9 p>agraph #fh4 ,?us ! r$ scale is ,r#a1 ,r#b1 ,r#c1 ,r#d1 ,r#e 7middle r$71 ,r#f1 ,r#g1 ,r#h1 & ,r#i1 & simil>ly ) ea* ( ! o!r hues4 ,:5 ! circle ( hues correspond+ to ea* level has be5 appli$ & te/$1 ! entire surface ( ! globe is spread ) a logical sy/em ( color scales1 & ! eye gratifi$ ) regul> sequ5ces :i* move by measur$ /eps 9 ea* direction4 7#aba7 ,ea* m]idian traces a scale ( value = ! hue 9 :i* x lies4 ,ea* p>allel traces a scale ( hue = ! value at ^: level x is drawn4 ,any oblique pa? across ^! scales traces a regul> sequ5ce1 ea* /ep comb9+ *ange ( hue ) a *ange ( value & *roma4 ,! m ?is pa? approa*es ! v]tical1 ! less are its *anges ( hue & ! m its *anges ( value & *roma2 :ile1 ! ne>] x comes to ! horizontal1 ! less are its *anges ( value & *roma1 :ile ! great] become its *anges ( hue4 ,( ^! two oblique pa?s ! fir/ may be call$ t ( a ,lum9i/1 or pa9t] l ,rembr&t1 ^: canvases pres5t great contra/s ( light & %ade1 :ile ! second is t ( ! ,colori/1 su* z ,titian1 ^: "w %[s great fulness ( hues )\t ! viol5t extremes ( :ite & black4 ,total balance ( ! sph]e te/$ by rotation on any desir$ axis4 7#abb7 ,n only does ! m\nt ( ! color sph]e p]mit its rotation on ! v]tical axis 7:ite-black71 b x is s hung t x may be spun on ! ends ( any desir$ axis1 z1 = in/ance1 t jo9+ our fir/ color pair1 r$ & blue-gre54 ,) ?is pair z poles ( rotation1 a new equator is trac$ ?r\gh all ! values ( purple on "o side & ( gre5-yell[ on ! o!r1 :i* ! rotation te/ melts 9 a p]fect balance ( middle gray1 prov+ ! correctness ( ^! values4 ,9 ! same way x may be hung & te/$ on successive axes1 until ! total balance ( ! entire sph]ical s]ies is prov$4 7#abc7 ,b ?is color sy/em does n cease ) ! colors spread on ! surface ( a globe4#cj ,! fir/ illu/ration ( an orange fill$ ) color 0 *os5 = ! purpose ( /imulat+ ! imag9ation to foll[ a surface color inw>d to ! neutral axis by regul> decrease ( *roma4 ,a slice at any level ( ! solid1 z at value #h 7,fig4 #aj71 %[s ea* hue ( t level pass+ by ev5 /eps ( increas+ grayness to ! neutral gray ,n#h ( ! axis4 ,9 ! case ( r$ at ?is level1 x is easily describ$ by ! notation ,r #h_/c1 ,r #h_/b1 ,r #h_/a1 ( :i* ! initial & upp] num]als d n *ange1 b ! l[] num]al traces loss ( *roma by #c1 #b1 & #a to ! neutral axis4 ,footnote #cj3 ,no color is exclud$ f ?is sy/em1 b ! excess & inequalities ( pigm5t *roma are trac$ 9 ! ,color ,atlas4 7#abd7 ,& !re are /rong] *romas ( r$ outside ! surface1 :i* c be writt5 ,r #h_/d1 ,r #h_/e1 ,r #h_/f1 etc4 ,inde$1 our color measurem5ts discov] su* diff]5ces ( *roma 9 ! v>i\s pigm5ts us$1 t ! color tree ref]r$ to 9 p>agraphs #cd1 #ce1 is necess>y to br+ be=e ! eye _! maximum *romas1 mo/ ( :i* are well outside ! sph]ical %ell & at v>i\s levels ( value4 ,"o way to describe ! color sph]e is to sugge/ t a color tree1 ! int]vals betwe5 ^: irregul> bran*es are fill$ ) appropriate color1 c be plac$ 9 a turn+ la! & turn$ d[n until ! color maxima are remov$1 ?us produc+ a color solid no l>g] ?an ! *roma ( its weake/ pigm5t 7,fig4 #b74 ,*>ts ( ! color solid4 7#abe7 ,?us x becomes evid5t t1 :ile ! color sph]e is a valuable help to ! *ild 9 conceiv+ color relations1 9 unit+ ! ?ree scales ( color measure1 & 9 furni%+ ) its m\nt an excell5t te/ ( ! !ory ( color balance1 yet x is always re/rict$ to ! *roma ( its weake/ color1 ! surplus *romas ( all o!r colors be+ ?\ght ( z enorm\s m\nta9s built out at v>i\s levels to rea* ! maxima ( our pigm5ts4 7#abf7 ,! complete color solid is1 !re=e1 ( irregul> %ape1 ) m\nta9s & valleys1 correspond+ to ! inequalities ( pigm5ts4 ,to display ^! inequalities to ! eye1 we mu/ prep>e cross sections or *>ts ( ! solid1 "s horizontal1 "s v]tical1 & o!rs oblique4 7#abg7 ,su* a set ( *>ts =ms an atlas ( ! color solid1 enabl+ "o to see any color 9 its relation to all o!r colors1 & "n x by its degree ( hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,fig4 #bj is a horizontal *>t ( all colors :i* pres5t middle value 7#e71 & describes by an unev5 cont\r ! *roma ( e hue at ?is level4 ,! dott$ fif? circle is ! equator ( ! color sph]e1 ^: pr9cipal hues1 ,r #e_/e4 ,y #e_/e1 ,g #e_/e1 ,b #e_/e1 & ,p #e_/e1 =m ! *romatic tun+ =k1 p>agraph #aag4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,*>t ( ,middle ,value - #e - ,%[+ ,unequal ,*roma 9 circle ( ,hues4 7,see ,fig4 #b74 7#abh7 ,9 ?is s+le *>t ! eye readily di/+ui%es "s ?ree hundr$ diff]5t colors1 ea* ( :i* may be writt5 by its hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,& ev5 ! slighte/ v>iation ( "o ( !m c be def9$4 ,?us1 if ! pr9cipal r$ 7 to fade slightly1 s t x 0 a trifle light] & a trifle weak] ?an ! enamel1 x w\ld be writt5 ,r#e4a_/d4i1 %[+ x _h light5$ by #a p] c5t4 & weak5$ by #a p] c5t4 ,! discrim9ation made possible by ?is decimal notation is mu* f9] ?an our pres5t visual limit4 ,its use w /imulate f9] p]ception ( color4 7#abi7 ,su* a v elem5t>y sket* ( ! ,color ,solid & ,color ,atlas1 :i* is all t c be giv5 9 ! conf9es ( ?is small book1 w be else:]e pres5t$ on a l>g] & m complete scale4 ,x %\ld be contra/$ ) ! ideal =m compos$ ( prismatic colors1 sugge/$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 p>agraphs #ih1 #ii1 :i* 0 %[n to be impracticable1 b ^: ideal conditions x foll[s z f> z ! limitations ( pigm5ts p]mit4 7#acj7 ,besides its value 9 education z sett+ all our color notions 9 ord]1 & supply+ a simple me?od = _! cle> expression1 x promises to d away ) mu* ( ! misund]/&+ t accompanies ! e-day use ( color4 7#aca7 ,popul> color names are incongru\s1 irrational1 & (t5 ludicr\s4 ,"o mu/ smile 9 read+ ! li/ ( #be /eps 9 a scale ( blue1 made by ,s*iff]-,mull] 9 #aggb3-- ,a4 a4 ,:ite pure4 b4 ,:ite silv]y or pe>ly4 c4 ,:ite milky4 ,b4 a4 ,blui% :ite4 b4 ,pe>ly :ite4 c4 ,wat]y :ite4 ,c4 ,blue be+ born4 ,d4 ,blue dy+ or pale4 ,e4 ,mignon blue4 ,f4 ,cele/ial blue1 or sky-color4 ,g4 a4 ,azure1 or ultram>9e4 b4 ,complete or p]fect blue4 c4 ,f9e or que5 blue4 ,h4 ,cov]t blue or turquoise4 ,i4 ,k+ blue 7deep74 ,j4 ,light br[n blue or indigo4 ,k4 a4 ,p]sian blue or woad fl[]4 b4 ,=ge or /eel blue4 c4 ,livid blue4 ,l4 a4 ,blacki% blue4 b4 ,helli% blue4 c4 ,black-blue4 ,m4 a4 ,blue-black or *>coal4 b4 ,velvet black4 c4 ,jet black4 ,! advantage ( spac+ ^! #be colors 9 #ac gr\ps1 "s ) ?ree & o!rs ) b "o example1 is n app>5t2 nor :y ultram>9e %\ld be sev]al /eps above turquoise1 = ! rev]se is g5]ally true4 ,besides :i* ! hue ( turquoise is gre5i%1 :ile t ( ultram>9e is purpli%1 b ! li/ _c %[ ?is2 & ! rem>kable /atem5t t "o k9d ( blue is helli%1 :ile ano!r is cele/ial1 %\ld re/ ^u an exp]i5ce t few c claim4 ,fail+ to def9e color-value & color-hue1 ! li/ gives no h9t ( color-/r5g?1 except at ,c & ,d1 :]e "o k9d ( blue is dy+ :5 ! next is be+ born1 :i* n inaptly describes ! color memory ( _m a p]son4 ,f9ally1 x assures u t ,que5 blue is f9e & ,k+ blue is deep4 ,?is ye> ! fa%ionable %ades are burnt onion & fre% sp9a*4 ,! flori/s talk ( a p9k violet & a gre5 p9k4 ,a mak] ( inks describes ! r$ z a true crimson sc>let1 :i* is a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,^! & a ho/ ( o!r names borr[$ f ! mo/ het]og5e\s s\rces1 become outlaw$ z soon z ! simple color t]ms & measures ( ?is sy/em are adopt$4 ,color an>*y is replac$ by sy/ematic color description4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,*apt] ,v4 ,color s*emes bas$ on ,brew/]'s mi/ak5 !ory4 ,illu/ration ,runge1 ( ,hamburg 7#ahaj71 sugge/$ t r$1 yell[1 & blue be plac$ equidi/ant ar\nd ! equator ( a sph]e1 ) :ite & black at opposite poles4 ,z ! yell[ 0 v light & ! blue v d>k1 any coh]5cy 9 ! value scales ( r$1 yell[1 & blue 0 impossible4 ,*evreul1 ( ,p>is 7#ahfa71 seek+ uni=m color scales = 8 workm5 at ! ,gobel9s1 devis$ a holl[ cyl9d] built up ( t5 color circles4 ,! upp] circle _h r$1 yell[1 & blue spac$ equidi/ant1 &1 z 9 ,runge's solid1 yell[ 0 v light & blue v d>k4 ,ea* circle 0 !n made "o-t5? d>k] ?an ! next above1 until black 0 rea*$ at ! base4 ,al?\gh ea* circle 0 suppos$ to lie horizontally1 only ! black l[e/ circle pres5ts a level ( uni=m values4 ,yell[ values increase _! lum9osity ?rice z fa/ z purple values1 s t ea* circle %\ld tilt at an increas+ angle1 & ! upp] circle ( /ronge/ colors be incl9$ at #fj to ! black base4 ,besides ?is fault %>$ ) ,runge's sph]e1 x falls into ano!r by n dim9i%+ ! size ( ! l[] circles :]e add$ black dim9i%es ! *roma4 ,desire to make colors fit a *os5 cont\r1 & ! abs5ce ( measur+ in/rum5ts1 cause ^! s*emes to ignore ! facts ( color relation4 ,l anci5t maps made to satisfy a conqu]or1 !y amuse by _! di/ortion4 ,brew/]'s mi/ak5 !ory und]lies ^! s*emes1 z is also ! case ) ,froebel's gifts1 ^: color balls cont9ue to give wrong notions at ! v ?re%old ( color education4 ,z po9t$ out 9 ! ,app5dix to ,*apt] ,,iii41 ! r$-yell[-blue !ory inevitably spreads ! w>m field ( yell[-r$ too f>1 & contracts ! blue field1 s t balance ( color is r5d]$ impossible1 z illu/rat$ 9 ! gaudy *romo & flam+ bill-bo>d4 ,^! s*emes are criticis$ by ,rood z n only 9 ! ma9 arbitr>y1 b also vague2 &1 al?\gh ,*evreul's *>ts 7 publi%$ by ! gov]nm5t 9 mo/ elaborate =m1 _! usefulness is small4 ,int]e/ 9 ! gr[? ( ! pres5t sy/em1 because ( its measur$ "*1 l$ ,pr(essor ,rood to give assi/ance 9 ! te/s1 & at 8 reque/ a color sph]e 0 made = ! ,physical ,cab9et at ,columbia4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,color ,,notation4 ,sugge/ion ( a *romatic score4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 7#acb7 ,! la/ *apt] trac$ a s]ies ( /eps lead+ to ! con/ruction ( a practical color sph]e4 ,ea* color 0 te/$ by appropriate in/rum5ts to assure its degree ( hue1 value1 & *roma1 be=e be+ plac$ 9 position4 ,!n ! total sph]e 0 te/$ to detect any lack ( balance4 7#acc7 ,ea* color 0 also writt5 by a lett] & two num]als1 %[+ its place 9 ! ?ree scales ( hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,?is naturally sugge/s1 n only a record ( ea* sep>ate color s5sation1 b also a union ( ^! records 9 s]ies & gr\ps to =m a color score1 simil> to ! musical score by :i* ! measur$ relations ( s\nd are record$4 7#acd7 ,a v simple =m ( color score may be easily imag9$ z a transp>5t envelope wrapp$ ar\nd ! equator ( ! sph]e1 & =m+ a v]tical cyl9d] 7,fig4 #ba74 ,on ! envelope ! equator traces a horizontal c5tre l9e1 :i* is at #e ( ! value scale1 ) zones #f1 #g1 #h1 & #i z p>allels above1 & ! zones #d1 #c1 #b1 & #a bel[4 ,v]tical l9es are drawn ?r\gh t5 equidi/ant po9ts on ?is c5tre l9e1 correspond+ ) ! divisions ( ! hue scale1 & m>k$ ,r1 ,,yr1 ,y1 ,,gy1 ,g1 ,,bg1 ,b1 ,,pb1 ,p1 & ,,rp4 7#ace7 ,! transp>5t envelope is ?us divid$ into "o hundr$ comp>tm5ts1 :i* provide = t5 /eps ( value 9 ea* ( ! t5 middle colors4 ,n[1 if we cut op5 ?is envelope along "o ( ! v]ticals1--z1 = in/ance1 r$-purple 7,,rp71 x may be spread out1 mak+ a flat *>t ( ! color sph]e 7,fig4 #bb74 ,:y gre5 is giv5 ! c5tre ( ! score4 7#acf7 ,a cyl9drical envelope might be op5$ on any desir$ m]idian1 b x is an advantage to h gre5 7,g7 at ! c5tre ( ! *>t1 & x is !re=e op5$ at ! opposite po9t1 r$-purple 7,,rp74 ,to ! "r ( ! gre5 c5tre are ! m]idians ( gre5-yell[ 7,,gy71 yell[ 7,y71 yell[-r$ 7,,yr71 & r$ 7,r71 all ( :i* are kn[n z w>m colors1 because !y conta9 yell[ & r$4 ,to ! left are ! m]idians ( blue-gre5 7,,bg71 blue 7,b71 purple-blue 7,,pb71 & purple 7,p71 all ( :i* are call$ cool colors1 because !y conta9 blue4 ,gre51 be+ nei!r w>m nor cold ( itself1 & becom+ s only by additions ( yell[ or ( blue1 ?us s]ves z a balanc+ po9t or c5tre 9 ! hue-scale4#ca ,footnote #ca3 ,to put ?is 9 t]ms ( ! spectrum wave l5g?s1 long waves at ! r$ end ( ! spectrum give ! s5sation ( w>m?1 :ile %ort waves at ! violet end cause ! s5sation ( coolness4 ,midway betwe5 ^! extremes is ! wave l5g? ( gre54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 7#acg7 ,! color score pres5ts f\r l>ge divisions or color fields made by ! int]section ( ! equator ) ! m]idian ( gre54 ,above ! c5tre are all light colors1 & bel[ x are all d>k colors4 ,to ! "r ( ! c5tre are all w>m colors1 & to ! left are all cool colors4 ,middle gre5 7#e;,g #e_/e7 is ! c5tre ( balance = ^! contra/$ qualities1 recogniz$ by all practical color work]s4 ,! *>t =ms a rectangle ^: l5g? equals ! equator ( ! color sph]e & its height equals ! axis 7a proportion ( #c4ad3a71 repres5t+ a union & balance ( ! scales ( hue & ( value4 ,?is provides = two color dim5sions2 b1 to be complete1 ! *>t mu/ provide = ! ?ird dim5sion1 *roma4 7#ach7 ,replac+ ! *>t ar\nd ! sph]e & jo9+ its ends1 s t x re-=ms ! transp>5t envelope1 we may ?ru/ a p9 ?r\gh at any po9t until x pi]ces ! surface ( ! sph]e4 ,inde$1 ! p9 c be ?ru/ deep] until x rea*es ! neutral axis1 ?us =m+ a scale ( *roma = ! color po9t :]e x ent]s 7see p>agraph #ab74 ,9 ! same way any colors on ! sph]e1 )9 ! sph]e1 or )\t x1 c h p9s ?ru/ into ! *>t to m>k _! place1 & ! l5g? by :i* ea* p9 projects c be tak5 z a measure ( *roma4 ,if ! *>t is n[ unroll$1 x reta9s ! p9s1 :i* by _! place describe ! hue & value ( a color1 :ile _! l5g? describes its *roma4 ,p9s /uck into ! score repres5t *roma4 7#aci7 ,) ?is idea ( ! ?ird color dim5sion incorporat$ 9 ! score we c disc>d ! p91 & record its l5g? by a num]al4 ,any dot plac$ on ! score m>ks a c]ta9 degree ( hue & value1 :ile a num]al beside x m>ks ! degree ( *roma :i* x c>ries1 unit+ ) ! hue & value ( t po9t to give u a c]ta9 color4 ,glanc+ ov] a s]ies ( su* color po9ts1 ! eye easily grasps _! individual "*1 & connects !m into an intelligible s]ies4 7#adj7 ,?us a flat *>t becomes ! projection ( ! color solid1 & any color 9 t solid is transf]r$ to ! surface ( ! *>t1 reta9+ its degrees ( hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,s f> ! scales h be5 spok5 ( z divid$ into t5 /eps1 b !y may be subdivid$ mu* f9]1 if desir$1 by use ( ! decimal po9t4 ,x is a "q ( conv5i5ce :e!r to make a small score ) only ! l>ge divisions1 or a mu* l>g] score ) a hundr$ times z _m /eps4 ,9 ! latt] case ea* hue has t5 /eps1 ! middle /ep ( gre5 be+ di/+ui%$ z #e;,g-#e_/e to sugge/ ! f\r /eps #a;,g1 #b;,g1 #c;,g1 #d;,g1 :i* prec$e x1 & #f;,g1 #g;,g1 #h;,g1 & #i;,g1 :i* foll[ x t[>d blue-gre54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4 ,,color ,,score--7or ,n #f 9 ,plate ,,iii7--,,giv+ ,,areas ,,by ,h1 ,v ,,& ,c4 ,! score pres]ves color records 9 a conv5i5t %ape4 ,su* a color score1 or notation diagram1 to be made small or l>ge z ! case dem&s1 (f]s a v conv5i5t means = record+ color comb9ations1 :5 pigm5ts are n at h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4 7#ada7 ,to display its ?ree dim5sions1 a little model c be made ) ?ree visit+ c>ds1 s plac$ z to pres5t _! mutual int]section at "r angles 7,fig4 #bd74 #e;,g #e_/e is _! c5tre ( mutual balance4 ,a c5tral plane sep>ates all colors into two contra/$ fields4 ,to ! "r are all w>m colors1 to ! left are all cool colors4 ,ea* ( ^! fields is aga9 divid$ by ! plane ( ! equator into light] colors above & d>k] colors bel[4 ,^! f\r color fields are aga9 subdivid$ by a transv]se plane ?r\gh #e;,g #e_/e into /rong colors 9 front & weak colors beyond or beh9d x4 7#adb7 ,any color gr\p1 ^: record mu/ all be writt5 to ! "r ( ! c5tre1 is w>m1 because r$ & yell[ are dom9ant4 ,"o to ! left ( ! c5tre mu/ be cool1 because x is dom9at$ by blue4 ,a gr\p writt5 all above ! c5tre mu/ h light 9 excess1 :ile "o writt5 entirely bel[ is d>k to excess4 ,f9ally1 a score writt5 all 9 front ( ! c5tre repres5ts only /rong *romas1 :ile "o writt5 beh9d x conta9s only weak *romas4 ,f ?is we ga!r t a balanc$ composition ( color pres]ves "s sort ( equilibrium1 unit+ degrees ( w>m & cool1 ( light & d>k1 & ( weak & /rong1 :i* is made at once app>5t by ! dots on ! score4 7#adc7 ,a s+le color1 l t ( a violet1 a rose1 or a butt]cup1 appe>s z a dot on ! score1 ) a num]al add$ = its *roma4 ,a p>ti-color$ fl[]1 su* z a na/urtium1 is %[n by two dots ) _! *romas1 & a bun* ( r$ & yell[ fl[]s w give by _! dots a color passage1 or silh\ette1 ^: w>m? & lightness is unmi/akable4 ,! *roma ( ea* fl[] writt5 ) ! silh\ette completes ! record4 ,! hues ( a beautiful ,p]sian rug1 ) d>k r$ pr$om9at+1 or a v]dure tape/ry1 9 :i* gre5 is dom9ant1 or a ,japanese pr9t1 ) blue dom9ant1 w trace ^u ! score a patt]n descriptive ( its color qualities4 ,^! records1 ) practice1 become z significant to ! eye z ! musical score4 ,! g5]al "* ( a color comb9ation is app>5t at a glance1 :ile its degrees ( *roma are readily jo9$ to fill out ! m5tal image4 7#add7 ,su* a plan ( color notation gr[s naturally f ! sph]ical sy/em ( measur$ colors4 ,x is h>dly to be hop$1 9 devis+ a color score1 t x %\ld n seem crude at fir/4 ,b ! measures =m+ ! basis ( ?is record c be v]ifi$ by imp>tial in/rum5ts1 & h a p]man5t value 9 ! g5]al /udy ( color4 ,!y also af=d "s def9ite data z to p]sonal bias 9 color e/imates4 7#ade7 ,?is makes x possible to collect 9 a conv5i5t =m two contra/+ & valuable records1 "o pres]v+ su* effects ( color z are g5]ally call$ pleas+1 & ano!r ( su* gr\ps z are f\nd unpleasant to ! eye4 ,out ( su* mat]ial some?+ may be ga9$1 m reliable ?an ! %ift+1 p]sonal1 & contradictory /atem5ts ab\t color h>mony n[ preval5t4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,color ,,h>mony4 ,colors may be gr\p$ to please or to give annoyance4 7#adf7 ,attempts to def9e ! laws ( h>moni\s color h n atta9$ m>k$ success1 & ! cause is n f> to seek4 ,! v s5sations und]ly+ ^! effects ( concord or ( discord are !mselves undef9$4 ,! mislead+ =mula ( my /ud5t days--t ?ree p>ts ( yell[1 five p>ts ( r$1 & eight p>ts ( blue w\ld comb9e h>moni\sly--0 unable to def9e ! k9d ( r$1 yell[1 & blue int5d$2 t is1 ! hue1 value1 & *roma ( ea* ( ^! colors 0 unkn[n1 & ! =mula meant a diff]5t ?+ to ea* p]son :o tri$ to use x4 7#adg7 ,x is true t a c]ta9 r$1 gre51 & blue c be unit$ 9 su* proportions on ,maxwell discs z to balance 9 a neutral gray2 b ! slighte/ *ange 9 ei!r ! hue1 value1 or *roma1 ( any "o ( !m1 upsets ! balance4 ,a new proportion is !n ne$$ to rega9 ! neutral mixture4 ,?is has already be5 %[n 9 ! discussion ( triple balance 7p>agraph #hb74 7#adh7 ,h>mony ( color has be5 /ill fur!r complicat$ by ! use ( t]ms t belong to musical h>mony4 ,n[ music is a measur$ art1 & has f\nd a set ( int]vals :i* are def9$ sci5tifically4 ,! two arts h _m po9ts ( simil>ity2 & ! impulses ( s\nd waves on ! e>1 l ^? ( light waves on ! eye1 are measur$ vibrations4 ,b !y are f> ap>t 9 _! scales1 & diff] s mu* 9 important p>ticul>s t no practical relation%ip c be set up4 ,! int]vals ( color s5sation require fit names & measures1 ere _! inf9ite v>iety c be organiz$ into a fix$ sy/em4 7#adi7 ,any ef=t to comp>e c]ta9 s\nds to c]ta9 colors soon leads to ! wilde/ vag>ies4 ,h>mony ( s\nd is unlike h>mony ( color4 7#aej7 ,! pov]ty ( color language tempts to a borr[+ f ! ri*] t]m9ology ( music4 ,musical t]ms1 su* z pit*1 key1 note1 tone1 *ord1 modulation1 nocturne1 & symphony1 are frequ5tly us$ 9 ! description ( color1 s]v+ by association to convey c]ta9 vague ideas4 7#aea7 ,9 ! same way ! t]m color h>mony1 f association ) musical h>mony1 pres5ts to ! m9d an image ( color arrangem5t1--v>i$1 yet well proportion$1 gr\p$ 9 ord]ly fa%ion1 & agreeable to ! eye4 ,b any attempt to def9e ?is image 9 t]ms ( color is disappo9t+4 ,"h is a beautiful ,p]sian rug3 :y d we call x beautiful8 ,"o says because its colors are ri*4 ,:y are !y ri*8 ,because !y are deep 9 tone4 ,:at does t mean8 ,! d\ble-bass & ! fog-horn are deep 9 tone1 b n necess>ily beautiful on t acc\nt4 ,oh1 no1 says ano!r1 x is all 9 "o h>moni\s key4 ,b :at is a key ( color8 ,is x made by all ! values ( "o color1 su* z r$1 or by all ! hues ( equal value1 su* z ! middle hues 9 our color solid8 7#aeb7 ,c]ta9ly x is nei!r1 = ! rug has bo? light & d>k colors2 &1 ( ! r$s1 yell[s1 gre5s1 & blues1 "s are /rong] & o!rs weak]4 ,!n :at d we mean by a key ( color8 ,"o mu/ ei!r cont9ue to fl\nd] ab\t or frankly confess ignorance4 7#aec7 ,musical h>mony expla9s itself 9 cle> language4 ,x is illu/rat$ by fix$ & def9ite s\nd int]vals1 ^: measur$ relations =m ! basis ( musical composition4 ,ea* key has an unmi/akable "*1 & ! writt5 score pres5ts a /atem5t t means practically ! same ?+ to e p]son ( musical intellig5ce4 ,b ! adequate t]ms ( color h>mony are yet to be work$ out4 ,let u leave ^! musical analogies1 reta9+ only ! clue t a measur$ & ord]ly relation und]lies ! idea ( h>mony4 ,! color solid :i* has be5 ! subject ( ^! pages is built ^u measur$ color relations4 ,x unites measur$ scales ( hue1 value1 & *roma1 & gives a def9ite color "n to e s5sation f ! maxima ( color-light & color-/r5g? to _! disappe>ance 9 d>kness4 7#aed7 ,mu/ n ?is !oretical color solid1 !re=e1 locate all ! elem5ts :i* comb9e to produce color h>mony or color discord8#cb ,footnote #cb3 ,pr(essor ,james says !re are ?ree classic /ages 9 ! c>e] ( a !ory3 ,fir/1 x is attack$ z absurd2 !n admitt$ to be true1 b obvi\s & insignificant2 f9ally x is se5 to be s important t its adv]s>ies claim to be its discov]]s4 7#aee7 ,in/ead ( !oriz+1 let u exp]im5t4 ,z a *ild at ! piano1 :o fir/ /rikes r&om & widely sep>at$ notes1 b soon seeks = ! int]vals ( a famili> air1 s let u1 aft] roam+ ov] ! color globe & its *>ts1 select "o famili> color1 & /udy :at o!rs w comb9e ) x to please ! eye4 7#aef7 ,"h is a grayi% gre5 /uff = a dress1 & ! little girl :o is to we> x asks :at o!r colors %e may use ) x4 ,fir/ let u f9d x on our in/rum5t1 s z to realize its relation to o!r degrees ( color4 ,its value is #f1--"o /ep above ! equator ( middle value4 ,its hue is gre51 ,g1 & its *roma #e4 ,x is writt5 ,g #f_/e4 7#aeg7 ,color pa?s lead out f ?is po9t 9 e direction4 ,:]e %all we f9d h>moni\s colors1 :]e discordant1 :]e ^? pa?s mo/ frequ5tly travell$8 ,are !re new ones /ill to be explor$8 7#aeh7 ,!re are ?ree typical pa?s3 "o v]tical1 ) rapid *ange ( value2 ano!r lat]al1 ) rapid *ange ( hue2 & a ?ird inw>d1 ?r\gh ! neutral c5tre to seek ! opposite color field4 ,all o!r pa?s are comb9ations ( two or ?ree ( ^! typical directions 9 ! color solid4 ,?ree typical color pa?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4 7#aei7 #a4 ,! v]tical pa? f9ds only light] & d>k] values ( gray-gre51--self-colors or %ades1 !y are g5]ally call$1--& (f]s a safe pa?1 ev5 = ^? defici5t 9 color s5sation1 avoid+ all complications ( hue1 & leav+ ! eye free to e/imate diff]5t degrees ( a s+le quality1--color-light4 7#afj7 #b4 ,! lat]al pa? passes ?r\gh neighbor+ hues on ei!r side4 ,9 ?is case x is a sequ5ce f blue1 ?r\gh gre5 into yell[4 ,?is is simply *ange ( hue1 )\t *ange ( value or *roma if ! pa? be level1 b1 by incl9+ x1 "o end ( ! sequ5ce becomes light]1 :ile ! o!r end d>k5s4 ,x ?us becomes an int]m$iate betwe5 ! fir/ & second typical pa?s1 comb9+1 at ea* /ep1 a *ange ( hue ) a *ange ( value4 ,?is is m complicat$1 b also m int]e/+1 %[+ h[ ! "* ( ! gray-gre5 dress w be set (f by a light] hat ( ,leghorn /raw1 & fur!r improv$ by a trimm+ ( d>k] blue-gre54 ,! sequ5ce c be made /ill m subtle & attractive by *oos+ a /raw ^: yell[ is /rong] ?an ! gre5 ( ! dress1 :ile a weak] *roma ( blue-gre5 is us$ 9 ! trimm+4 ,?is is cle>ly express$ by ! notation ?us3 ,y #h_/g1 ,g #f_/e1 ,,bg #d_/c1 & writt5 on ! score by ?ree dots & _! *romas1--#g1 #e1 & #c 7see ,fig4 #bc74 7#afa7 #c4 ,! inw>d pa? :i* leads by increase ( gray to ! neutral c5tre1 & on to ! opposite hue r$-purple1 ,,rp #d_/e1 is full ( pitfalls = ! inexp]t4 ,x comb9es great *ange ( hue & *roma1 ) small *ange ( value4 7#afb7 ,if any o!r color po9t be *os5 9 place ( gray-gre51 ! same typical pa?s are j z easily trac$1 writt5 by ! notation1 & record$ on ! color score4 ,^! pa?s trace sequ5ces f any po9t 9 ! color solid4 7#afc7 ,9 ! con/ruction ( ! color solid we saw t its scales 7 made ( equal /eps 9 hue1 value1 & *roma1 & te/$ by balance on ! c5tre ( neutral gray4 ,any /ep w s]ve z a po9t ( dep>ture to trace regul> sequ5ces ( ! ?ree types4 ,! v]tical type is a sequ5ce ( value only4 ,x is some:at tame1 lack+ ! *ange ( hue & *roma1 b giv+ a monoton\s h>mony ( regul> values4 ,! horizontal type traces a sequ5ce ( neighbor+ hues1 less tame ?an ! v]tical type1 b monoton\s 9 value & *roma4 ,! inw>d type connects opposite hues by a sequ5ce ( *roma balanc$ on middle gray1 & is m /imulat+ to ! eyes4 7#afd7 ,^! pa?s h s f> be5 treat$ z made up ( equal /eps 9 ea* direction1 ) ! accompany+ idea ( equal quantities ( color at ea* /ep4 ,b by us+ unequal quantities ( color1 ! balance may be pres]v$ by comp5sations to ! int]vals t sep>ate ! colors 7see p>agraphs #aji1 #aaj74 ,unequal color quantities comp5sat$ by relations ( hue1 value1 & *roma4 7#afe7 ,small bits ( p[]ful color c be us$ to balance l>ge fields ( weak *roma4 ,= in/ance1 a spot ( /rong r$di% purple is balanc$ & enhanc$ by a field ( gray-gre54 ,s an ame?y/ p9 at ! neck ( ! girl's dress w appe> to advantage ) ! g[n1 & also ) ! ,leghorn /raw4 ,b a l>ge field ( /rong color1 su* z a clo? jacket ( r$di% purple1 w\ld be fatal to ! measur$ h>mony we seek4 7#aff7 ,?is use ( a small po9t ( /rong *roma1 if repeat$ at int]vals1 sets up a notion ( rhy?m2 b1 9 ord] to be rhy?mic1 !re mu/ be recurr5t emphasis1 a succession ( simil> units1 comb9+ unlike elem5ts4 ,?is quality mu/ n be confus$ ) ! unacc5t$ succession1 se5 9 a measur$ scale ( hue1 value1 or *roma4 ,pap] masks to isolate color int]vals4 7#afg7 ,a %eet ( pap] l>ge en\gh to hide ! color sph]e may be p]=at$ ) ?ree or m op5+s 9 a /raight l9e1 & appli$ aga9/ ! surface1 s z to isolate ! /eps ( any sequ5ce :i* we wi% to /udy4 ,?us ! sequ5ce giv5 9 p>agraph #afj--,y #h_/g1 ,g #f_/e1 ,,bg #d_/c--may be *ang$ to br+ x on ! surface ( ! sph]e1 :5 x reads ,y #h_/c1 ,g #f_/e1 ,,bg #e_/e4 ,a mask ) r\nd holes1 spac$ s z to uncov] ^! ?ree spots1 relieves ! eye f ! di/raction ( o!r colors4 ,keep+ ! c5tre spot on gre51 ! mask may be mov$ s z to /udy ! effect ( *ang+ hue or value ( ! o!r two /eps 9 ! sequ5ce4 7#afh7 ,! sequ5ce is light5$ by slid+ ! :ole mask upw>d1 & d>k5$ by dropp+ x l[]4 ,!n ! result ( us+ ! same int]vals 9 ano!r field is easily /udi$ by mov+ ! mask to ano!r "p ( ! solid4 7#afi7 ,*ange ( int]val imm$iately modifies ! "* ( a color sequ5ce4 ,?is is readily %[n by hav+ an "u-mask1 ) a long1 cont9u\s slit1 & an ov]-mask ^: p]=ations are arrang$ 9 sev]al r[s1 ea* r[ giv+ diff]5t spaces betwe5 ! p]=ations4 ,9 ! case ( ! girl's clo?+1 ! same sequ5ce produces q a diff]5t effect1 if two p]=ations ( ! ov]-mask are br\ght ne>] to select a light] yell[-gre5 dress1 :ile ! ends ( ! sequ5ce rema9 un*ang$4 ,to move ! middle p]=ation ne> ! o!r end1 selects a d>k] blui% gre5 dress1 on :i* ! trimm+ w be less contra/$1 :ile ! hat appe>s bright] ?an be=e1 because ( great] contra/4 7#agj7 ,! v>iations ( color sequ5ce :i* c ?us be /udi$ out by simple masks are almo/ endless2 yet ^u a measur$ sy/em ! "* ( ea* effect is easily describ$1 &1 if ne$ be1 pres]v$ by a writt5 record4 ,inv5tion ( color gr\ps4 7#aga7 ,exp]im5ts ) v>iable masks = ! selection ( color int]vals1 su* z h be5 describ$1 soon /imulate ! imag9ation1 s t x conceives sequ5ces ?r\gh any "p ( ! color solid4 ,! color image becomes a p]man5t m5tal adjunct4 ,five middle colors1 temp]$ ) :ite & black1 p]mit u to devise ! greate/ v>iety ( sequ5ces1 "s light1 o!rs d>k1 "s comb9+ small diff]5ce ( *roma ) l>ge diff]5ce ( hue1 o!rs unit+ l>ge int]vals ( *roma ) small int]vals ( hue1 & s on ?r\gh a well-nigh inexhau/ible s]ies4 7#agb7 ,z ?is con/ructive imag9ation ga9s p[]1 ! solid & its *>ts may be laid aside4 ,we c n[ ?9k color consecutively4 ,ea* color sugge/s its place 9 ! sy/em1 & may be tak5 z a po9t ( dep>ture = ! inv5tion ( gr\ps to c>ry out a desir$ relation4 7#agc7 ,?is selective m5tal process is help$ by ! score describ$ 9 ! la/ *apt]2 & ! quantity ( ea* color *os5 = ! gr\p is easily indicat$ by a v>iable circle1 drawn r\nd ! v>i\s po9ts on ! diagram4 ,?us1 9 ! case ( ! *ild's clo!s1 a l>ge circle ar\nd ,g #f_/e gives ! area ( t color z comp>$ ) small] circles ar\nd ,y #h_/g & ,,bg #d_/c1 repres5t+ ! area ( ! /raw & ! trimm+4 7#agd7 ,:5 ! plott+ ( color gr\ps has become in/9ctive f long practice1 x op5s a wide field ( color /udy4 ,take z illu/ration ! w+s ( butt]flies or ! _m v>ieties ( pansies4 ,^! fasc9at+ color s*emes c be writt5 ) indications ( area t record _! diff]5ces by a simple diagram4 ,9 ! same way1 rugs1 tape/ries1 mosaics1--:atev] attracts by its beauty & h>mony ( color1--c be record$ & /udi$ 9 measur$ t]ms2 & ! m5tal process ( e/imat+ hues1 values1 *romas1 & areas by e/abli%$ scales mu/ lead ! color s5se to f9] & f9] p]ceptions4 ,! same process s]ves z well to record ! mo/ annoy+ & inh>moni\s color gr\ps4 ,:5 suffici5t ( ^! records h be5 obta9$1 !y furni% def9ite mat]ial = a contra/ ( ! color comb9ations :i* please1 ) ^? t cause disgu/4 ,su* a contra/ %\ld discov] "s broad law ( color h>mony4 ,x w !n be 9 measur$ t]ms :i* c be cle>ly giv52 n a vague p]sonal /atem5t1 convey+ diff]5t mean+s to ea* "o :o he>s x4 ,con/ant ex]cise ne$$ to tra9 ! color s5se4 7#age7 ,appreciation ( beautiful color gr[s by ex]cise & discrim9ation1 j z naturally z f9e p]ception ( music or lit]ature4 ,ea* is an outlet = ! expression ( ta/e1--a language :i* may be us$ clumsily or ) skill4 7#agf7 ,z color p]ception becomes f9]1 x disc>ds ! m crude & viol5t contra/s4 ,a *ild revels 9 /rong *romas1 b ! m>k ( a colori/ is ability to employ l[ *roma )\t impov]i%+ ! color effect4 ,z a boy's %rieks & groans c be temp]$ to musical utt]ance1 s 8 debau*es 9 viol5t r$1 gre51 & purple mu/ be replac$ by temp]$ hues4 7#agg7 ,raphael1 ,titian1 ,velasquez1 ,corot1 ,*avannes1 & ,:i/l] are ma/]s 9 ! use ( gray4 ,p]sonal bias may lead "o colori/ a little m t[>d w>m colors1 & ano!r slightly t[>d ! cool field1 9 ea* case atta9+ a s5se ( h>moni\s balance by temp]$ degrees ( value & *roma4#cc ,footnote #cc3 ,nature's mo/ lively hues are ba!d 9 lilac grays4 ,spread all ab\t u1 yet visible only to ! f9e p]ception ( ! colori/1 is ?is gray quality by :i* he appeals4 ,n he ^: pictures ab\nd 9 'c\leurs voyantes1' b he :o pres]ves 9 8 "w all ! 'gris colors' is ! good colori/4 ,translation f ,j4 ,f4 ,rafaelli1 9 ,annales ,politiques ,litt]aires4 7#agh7 ,x is n claim$ t discipl9e 9 ! use ( subtle colors w make ano!r ,corot or ,velasquez1 b x w make = compreh5sion ( _! skill4 ,x is grotesque to wat* gaudily dress$ p]sons go+ into ec/asies ov] ! delicate color+ ( a ,botticelli1 :5 ! int]nal z well z ! ext]nal evid5ce is aga9/ !m4 7#agi7 ,! colors :i* we *oose1 n only 9 p]sonal app>el1 b 9 our rooms & decorations1 are mute witnesses to a /age ( color p]ception4 ,if t p]ception is tra9$ to f9] di/9ctions1 ! m9d c no long] be cont5t ) co>se expression4 ,x beg9s to feel an incongruity betwe5 ! l\d color ( ! wall pap]1 b\ght because x 0 fa%ionable1 & ! quiet hues ( ! rug1 :i* 0 a gift f "s arti/ic fri5d4 ,x sees t1 al?\gh ! furniture is cov]$ ) durable & co/ly mat]ials1 _! color swe>s at t ( ! curta9s & wood-"w4 ,9 %ort1 ! room has be5 jumbl$ toge!r at v>i\s p]iods1 )\t any plan or s5se ( color design4 7#ahj7 ,good ta/e dem&s t a room be furni%$1 n alone = conv5i5ce & com=t1 b also ) an eye to ! beauty ( ! v>i\s objects1 s t1 in/ead ( confus+ & de/roy+ ! colors1 ea* may enhance ! o!r4 ,&1 :5 ?is s5se ( color h>mony is ar\s$1 x selects & arranges ! books1 ! rugs1 ! lamp %ade1 ! s\v5irs ( travel & fri5d%ip1 ! wall pap]1 pictures1 & hang+s1 s t !y fit into a color s*eme1 n only *>m+ to ! eye at fir/ glance1 b :i* cont9ues to please ! m9d z x traces out an intellig5t plan1 br++ all into g5]al h>mony4 7#aha7 ,nor w ?is cease :5 "o room has be5 put to rights4 ,su* a colori/ic attitude is n satisfi$ until ! vi/a into ! next ap>tm5t is made attractive4 ,or %\ld !re be a suite ( rooms1 x dem&s t1 ) v>iety 9 ea* "o1 !y all be br\ght into h>moni\s sequ5ce4 ,?us ! /udy ( color f9ds imm$iate & practical use 9 daily life4 ,x is a ne$$ discipl9e ( color vision1 9 ! s5se t geometry is a discipl9e ( ! m9d1 & x also ent]s into ! pleasure & ref9em5t ( life at e /ep4 ,skill or awkw>dness 9 its use ex]ts z positive an influ5ce ^u u z d ! h>monies & discords ( s\nd1 & a f> m cont9u\s "o4 ,x is ?\ght a defect to be unmusical4 ,%\ld x n be consid]$ a m>k ( defective cultivation to be ins5sitive to color8 7#ahb7 ,9 ?is slight sket* ( color education x has be5 assum$ t we are to deal ) ^? :o h normal p]ceptions4 ,b !re are "s :o inh]it or develop v>i\s degrees ( color-bl9dness2 & a ^w 9 _! behalf may be opportune4 7#ahc7 ,a case ( total color-bl9dness is v r>e1 b a few are on record4 ,:5 a *ild %[s defici5t color p]ception1#cd a little c>e may save him mu* discom=t1 & pati5t tra9+ may correct x4 ,if he mismat*es "s hues1 confuses _! names1 seems incapable ( ! f9] di/9ctions ( color1 /udy to f9d ! hues :i* he e/imates well1 & !n help him to v5ture a little into t field :]e 8 p]ception is at fault4 ,improvem5t is pretty sure to foll[ :5 ?is is sympa!tically done4 ,"o /ud5t1 :o nev] outgrew ! habit ( giv+ a purpli% hue to all 8 "w1 despite _m exp$i5ts & ! use ( v>i\s lights & color$ objects to correct x1 is ! s+le exception among hundr$s :om x has be5 my privilege to wat* z !y improv$ _! fir/ crude e/imates1 & ga9$ skill 9 express+ _! s5se ( ,nature's subtle color4 ,footnote #cd3 ,see ,color ,bl9dness 9 ,gloss>y4 7#ahd7 ,to sum up1 ! fir/ *apt] sugge/s a measur$ color sy/em 9 place ( guess-"w4 ,! next describes ! ?ree color qualities1 & sket*es a *ild's gr[? 9 color p]ception4 ,! ?ird tells h[ colors may be m+l$ 9 su* proportions z to balance4 ,aft] ! impracticability ( us+ spectral color has be5 %[n 9 ! f\r? *apt]1 ! fif? proce$s to build a practical color solid4 ,! six? provides = a writt5 record ( color1 & ! la/ applies all t has prec$$ to sugge/ions = ! /udy ( color h>mony4 7#ahe7 ,wide gaps appe> 9 ?is outl9e4 ,!re is mu* t des]ves full] treatm5t4 ,b1 if ! se>* = ref9$ color & a cle>] outlook ^u its relations are /imulat$ by ?is fragm5t>y sket*1 "s ( its faults may be ov]look$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,reproduction ,,( ,,fl[] ,,/udies1 ,,pa9t$ ,,) ,,munsell ,,wat] ,,color ,publi%$ ,by ,,wadswor?1 ,,h[l& ,,co41 ,,incorporat$ ,,bo/on1 ,,mass4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,a ,,color ,,sy/em ,,& ,,c\rse ,,( ,,/udy ,,bas$ ,,on ,,! ,,color ,,solid ,,& ,,its ,,*>ts4 ,arrang$ = n9e ye>s ( s*ool life4 ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,color ,,t]ms4 ,tak5 f ! ,c5tury ,diction>y4 ,,index 7by p>agraphs74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b 7,see ,fig4 #bj7 ,! ,color ,tree ,a ,,color ,,sy/em ,,) ,,c\rse ,,( ,,/udy ,,bas$ ,,on ,,! ,,color ,,solid ,,& ,,its ,,*>ts ,see ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,copyright1 #aijd1 by ,a4 ,h4 ,munsell4 ,a ,,color ,,sy/em ,,& ,,c\rse ,,( ,,/udy ,,bas$ ,,on ,,! ,,color ,,solid ,,& ,,its ,,*>ts1 ,,adapt$ ,,to ,,n9e ,,ye>s ,,( ,,s*ool ,,life4 ,gr4 ,grade ,ill4 ,illu/ration ,app4 ,application ,mat4 ,mat]ials ,gr4 ,subject4 ,colors ,/udi$4 ,ill4 ,app4 ,mat4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #a4 ,,hues ,r$4 ,r4 ,s\ght 9 ,bord]s ,color$ ( ,yell[4 ,y4 ,nature & crayons color4 ,gre54 ,g4 & ,art4 ,rosettes4 & ,blue4 ,b4 pap]s4 ,purple4 ,p4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #b4 ,,hues ,yell[-r$4 ,,yr4 ,s\ght 9 ,bord]s ,color$ ( ,gre5-yell[4 ,,gy4 ,nature & crayons color4 ,blue-gre54 ,,bg4 & ,art4 ,rosettes4 & ,purple-blue4 ,,pb4 pap]s4 ,r$-purple4 ,,rp4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #c4 ,,values ,light1 middle1 ,s\ght 9 ,design4 ,color ( & d>k ,r4 ,nature sph]e4 color4 ,y4 & ,art4 ,g4 ,b4 ,p4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #d4 ,,values #e values ( ,,yr4 ,s\ght 9 ,design4 ,*>ts4 ( ,,gy4 ,nature color4 ,,bg4 & ,art4 ,,pb4 ,,rp4 #i_/1 #g_/1 #e_/1 #c_/1 #a_/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #e4 ,,*romas #c *romas ( ,r#e_/4 ,s\ght 9 ,design4 ,*>ts4 ( ,y#e_/4 ,nature color4 ,g#e_/4 & ,art ,b#e_/4 ,p#e_/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #f4 ,,*romas #c *romas ( ,,yr#e_/4 ,s\ght 9 ,design ,color ( ,,gy#e_/4 ,nature ,tree4 color4 ,,bg#e_/4 & ,art4 ,,pb#e_/4 ,,rp#e_/4 ,r#g_/ & ,r#c_/4 ,y#g_/ ,y#c_/4 ,g#g_/ ,g#c_/4 ,b#g_/ ,b#c_/4 ,p#g_/ ,p#c_/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #g4 ,to ,,obs]ve ,,imitate ,,write color by ,,hue1 ,,value1 & ,,*roma ,pa9ts4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #h4 ,,quantity ( color4 ,pairs ( equal area & unequal area ,pa9ts4 ,balanc$ by ,,hue1 ,,value1 & ,,*roma4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #i4 ,,quantity ( color4 ,triads ( equal area & unequal area ,pa9ts4 ,balanc$ by ,,hue1 ,,value1 & ,,*roma4 ,copyright1 #aijd1 by ,a4 ,h4 ,munsell4 ,,/udy ,,( ,,s+le ,,hues ,,& ,,_! ,,sequ5ce4 ,two ,ye>s4 ,,fir/ ,,grade ,,lessons4 #a4 ,talk ab\t famili> objects1 to br+ out color names1 #b4 z toys1 fl[]s1 clo?+1 birds1 insects1 etc4 #c4 ,%[ soap bubbles & prismatic spectrum4 #d4 ,tea* t]m ,,hue4 ,hues ( fl[]s1 spectrum1 plumage ( birds1 etc4 #e4 ,%[ ,,middle#ce ,,r$4 ,f9d o!r r$s4 #f4 ,%[ ,,middle ,,yell[4 ,f9d o!r yell[s1 & comp>e ) r$s4 #g4 ,%[ ,,middle ,,gre54 ,f9d o!r gre5s1 ) r$s & yell[s4 #h4 ,%[ ,,middle ,,blue4 ,f9d o!r blues1 ) prec$+ hues4 #i4 ,%[ ,,middle ,,purple4 ,f9d o!r purples1 ) prec$+ hues4 #aj-ae4 ,review ,,five ,,middle ,,hues1#ce mat* ) color$ pap]s1 & place 9 circle4 #af-bj4 ,%[ ,,color ,,sph]e4 ,f9d sequ5ce ( five middle hues4 ,memorize ord]4 #ba4 ,middle r$ imitat$ ) crayon1 nam$ & writt5 by initial ,r4 #bb4 ,middle yell[ by initial ,y4 #bc4 ,middle gre5 by initial ,g4 #bd4 ,middle blue by initial ,b4 #be4 ,middle purple by initial ,p4 #bf-cj4 ,review1 us+ middle hues#ce 9 bord]s & rosettes = design4 ,aim4--,to recognize sequ5ce ( five middle hues4 ,to "n1 mat*1 imitate1 write1 & arrange !m4 ,,second ,,grade ,,lessons4 #a-c4 ,review sequ5ce ( five middle hues4#ce #d4 ,%[ a hue ,,int]m$iate betwe5 r$ & yell[4 ,f9d x 9 objects4 #e4 ,comp>e ) r$ & yell[4 #f4 ,recognize & "n ,,yell[-,,r$4 ,mat*1 imitate1 & write ,,yr4 #g-h4 ,%[ ,,gre5-,,yell[ betwe5 gre5 & yell[4 ,treat z above1 & write ,,gy4 #i-aj4 ,%[ ,,blue-,,gre5 betwe5 blue & gre54 & write ,,bg4 #aa-ab4 ,%[ ,,purple-,,blue betwe5 purple & blue4 & write ,,pb4 #ac-ad4 ,%[ ,,r$-,,purple betwe5 r$ & purple4 & write ,,rp4 #ae-bj4 ,make circle ( t5 hues4 ,place ,int]m$iates1 & memorize ord] s z to repeat =w>d or backw>d4 ,mat*1 imitate1 & write by initials4 #ba-be4 ,f9d sequ5ce ( t5 hues on ,,color ,,sph]e4 ,comp>e ) hues ( natural objects4 #bf-cj4 ,review1 us+ any two hues 9 sequ5ce = bord]s & rosettes4 ,aim4--,to recognize sequ5ce ( t5 hues1 made up ( five middle#ce hues & ! five int]m$iates4 ,to "n1 mat*1 write1 imitate1 & arrange !m4 ,footnote #ce3 ,! t]m ,,middle1 z us$ 9 ?is c\rse ( color /udy1 is und]/ood to mean only ! five pr9cipal hues :i* /& midway 9 ! scales ( ,,value & ,,*roma4 ,/rictly speak+1 _! five int]m$iates are also midway ( ! scales2 b !y are obta9$ by mixture ( ! five pr9cipal hues1 z %[n 9 _! names1 & are ( second>y importance4 ,,/udy ,,( ,,s+le ,,values ,,& ,,_! ,,sequ5ce4 ,two ,ye>s4 ,,?ird ,,grade ,,lessons4 #a4 ,review sequ5ce ( t5 hues4 #b4 ,recognize1 "n1 mat*1 imitate1 write1 & f9d !m #c4 on ! ,,color ,,sph]e4 ,also 9 objects4 #d4 ,tea* use ( t]m ,,value4 ,color value recogniz$ ap>t f color hue4 #e4 ,f9d values ( r$1 light] & d>k] ?an ! middle value already famili>4 #g4 ,,?ree ,,values ( ,,r$4 ,f9d on sph]e4 ,"n z ,,light1 ,,middle1 & ,,d>k values ( r$4 #h4 ,,?ree ,,values ( ,,r$4 ,imitate ) crayons1 & write !m z #c1 #e1 & #g4 #i4 ,,?ree ,,values ( ,,yell[4 ,comp>e ) above4 #aj4 ,recognize1 "n1 mat*1 & imitate ) crayons4 #aa4 ,,?ree ,,values ( ,,gre54 ,comp>e1 & treat z above4 #ab4 ,f9d on sph]e & 9 objects4 #ac4 ,,?ree ,,values ( ,,blue4 #ad4 #ae4 ,,?ree ,,values ( ,,purple4 #af4 #ag-bj4 ,review1 comb9+ two values & a s+le hue = design4#cf ,aim4--,to recognize a sequ5ce comb9+ ?ree values & five middle hues4 ,to "n1 mat*1 imitate1 & arrange !m4 ,footnote #cf3 ,^! t5 lessons 9 ?is & succe$+ grades are devot$ to color p]ception only4 ,_! application to design is a "p ( ! g5]al c\rse 9 draw+1 & w be s consid]$ 9 ! succe$+ grades4 ,note t1 al?\gh ?us f> no?+ has be5 said ab\t complem5t>y hues1 ! *ild has be5 l$ to associate !m 9 opposite pairs by ! color sph]e4 7,see ,*apt] ,,iii41 p4 #gf47 ,error = p>agraph #gf ,,f\r? ,,grade ,,lessons4 #a4 ,review sequ5ce ( ?ree values 9 ea* ( ! five middle hues4 #b4 ,to recognize1 "n1 mat*1 imitate1 & #c4 f9d !m on sph]e & 9 objects4 #d4 ,%[ ,,five ,,values ( ,,r$4 ,f9d !m on l>ge color sph]e4 #e4 ,numb] !m #a1 #c1 #e1 #g1 #i4 ,mat*1 imitate1 & write4 #f4 ,%[ ,,five ,,values ( ,,blue-,,gre54 ,treat z above & review4 #g4 ,%[ ,,five ,,values ( ,,purple-,,blue comp>$ ) ,yell[4 ,treat z above & review4 #h4 ,%[ ,,five ,,values ( ,,r$-,,purple ,gre54 ,treat z above & review4 #i4 ,%[ ,,five ,,values ( ,,yell[-,,r$ ,blue4 ,treat z above & review4 #aj4 ,%[ ,,five ,,values ( ,,gre5-,,yell[ ,purple4 ,treat z above & review4 ,aim4--,to recognize sequ5ces comb9+ five values 9 ea* ( t5 hues4 ,to "n1 mat*1 imitate1 ,,write1 & arrange !m4 ,,/udy ,,( ,,s+le ,,*romas ,,& ,,_! ,,sequ5ces4 ,two ,ye>s4 ,,fif? ,,grade ,,lessons4 #a4 ,review sequ5ces ( hue & value4 ,f9d !m on ! color sph]e4 ,"n1 mat*1 imitate1 write1 & arrange !m by hue & value4 #b4 ,tea* use ( t]m ,,*roma4 ,comp>e ?ree *romas ) ?ree values ( r$4 ,"n !m ,,weak1 ,,middle1 & ,,/rong *romas4 ,f9d 9 nature & art4 #c4 ,,?ree ,,*romas ( ,,r$4 ,comp>e ) ?ree ( blue-gre54 #d4 ,%[ ,,color ,,tree4 ,sugge/ unequal *roma ( hues4 #e4 ,,?ree ,,*romas ( ,,yell[4 ,comp>e ) ?ree *romas ( purple-blue4 #f4 ,,?ree ,,*romas ( ,,gre54 r$-purple4 #g4 ,,?ree ,,*romas ( ,,blue4 yell[-r$4 #h4 ,,?ree ,,*romas ( ,,purple4 gre5-yell[4 #i4 ,arrange five middle hues 9 circle1 describ$ z on ! surface ( ! ,color ,sph]e 7middle *roma71 ) weak] *romas inside1 & /rong] *romas outside1 ! sph]e4 #aj4 ,review1--to f9d ^! sequ5ces ( *roma 9 nature & art4 ,aim4--,to recognize sequ5ces comb9+ ?ree *romas1 middle value1 & t5 hues4 ,to "n1 mat*1 imitate1 & arrange !m4 ,,six? ,,grade ,,lessons4 #a4 ,review sequ5ces comb9+ ?ree *romas1 five hues1 & middle value4 ,f9d on ,color ,tree1 "n1 mat*1 imitate1 & arrange !m4 #b4 ,,?ree ,,*romas ( ,,light] & ,,d>k] ,,r$4 ,comp>e ) middle r$4 #c4 ,write z a fraction1 *roma "u value1 us+ #c1 #e1 & #g4 ,?us ,r #e_/g4 #d4 ,f9d ,,*romas ( ,,light] ,,r$1 & comp>e ) d>k] blue-gre54 #e4 ,,?ree ,,*romas ( ,,light] & ,,d>k] ,,yell[1 ) purple-blue4 #f4 ,,gre51 r$-purple4 #g4 ,,blue1 yell[-r$4 #h4 ,,purple1 gre5-yell[4 #i4 ,colors 9 nature & art1 def9$ by hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,nam$1 mat*$1 imitat$1 writt51 & arrang$ by ,color ,sph]e & ,tree4 #aj4 ,review1--to f9d sequ5ces comb9+ ?ree *romas1 five values1 & t5 hues4 ,aim4--,to recognize sequ5ces ( *roma1 z sep>ate f sequ5ces ( hue or sequ5ces ( value4 ,to "n1 mat*1 write1 imitate1 & arrange colors 9 t]ms ( _! hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,,color ,,expression ,,9 ,,t]ms ,,( ,,! ,,hues1 ,,values1 ,,& ,,*romas4 ,,sev5? ,,grade ,,lessons4 #a4 ,review sequ5ces ( hue 7initial71 value 7upp] num]al71 *roma 7l[] num]al74 #b4 #c4 ,ex]cises 9 express+ colors ( natural objects by ! ,,notation1 #d4 & trac+ _! relation by ! sph]ical solid4 #e4 ,,r$s 9 ,nature & ,art1 imitat$1 writt51 & trac$ by ! sph]ical solid4 #f4 ,,yell[s 9 ,nature & ,art1 by ! sph]ical solid4 #g4 ,,gre5s 9 ,nature & ,art1 by ! sph]ical solid4 #h4 ,,blues 9 ,nature & ,art1 by ! sph]ical solid4 #i4 ,,purples 9 ,nature & ,art1 by ! sph]ical solid4 #aj4 ,,"o ,,color ,,pair select$1 def9$1 & arrang$ = design4 7,see note #d? ,grade47 ,aim4--,to def9e any color by its hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,to imitate ) pigm5ts & write x4 ,,eigh? ,,grade ,,lessons4 #a4 ,review sequ5ces1 & select colors :i* balance4 ,illu/rate ! t]m4 #b4 ,,balance ( light & d>k1--weak & /rong1--hot & cold colors4 #c4 ,,r$ & blue-gre5 balanc$ 9 hue1 value1 & *roma1 ) ,,equal ,,areas4 #d4 ,,yell[ & purple-blue ) ,,equal ,,areas4 #e4 ,,gre5 & r$-purple ) ,,equal ,,areas4 #f4 ,,blue & yell[-r$ ) ,,equal ,,areas4 #g4 ,,purple & gre5-yell[ ) ,,equal ,,areas4 #h4 ,,unequal ,,areas ( ! above pairs1 balanc$ by comp5sat+ #i4 qualities ( hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,examples f nature & art4 #aj4 ,,"o ,,color ,,pair ( unequal areas select$1 def9$1 & us$ 9 design4 ,aim4--,to ,,balance colors by area1 hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,to imitate ) pigm5ts & write ! balance by ! notation4 ,,n9? ,,grade ,,lessons4 #a4 ,review balance ( color pairs1 by area1 hue1 value1 & *roma4 #b4 ,to recognize1 "n1 imitate1 write1 & record !m4 #c4 ,,selection ( two colors to balance a giv5 ,,r$4 #d4 ,,yell[4 #e4 ,,gre54 #f4 ,,blue4 #g4 ,,purple4 #h-aj4 ,,triad ( color1 select$1 balanc$1 writt51 & us$ 9 design4 ,aim4--,to recognize triple balance ( color1 & express x 9 t]ms ( area1 hue1 value1 & *roma4 ,also to use x 9 design4 ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,color ,,t]ms ,,tak5 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tury ,,diction>y4 ,,gloss>y ,! color def9itions "h employ$ are tak5 f ! ,c5tury ,diction>y4 ,special att5tion is call$ to ! cross ref]5ces :i* s]ve to diff]5tiate ,,hue1 ,,value1 & ,,*roma4 ,,aft] ,,image4--,an image p]ceiv$ aft] )draw+ ! eye f a brilliantly illum9at$ object4 ,su* images are call$ positive :5 _! colors are ! same z t ( ! object1 & negative :5 !y are its complem5t>y colors4 ,,blue4--,( ! color ( ! cle> sky2 ( ! color ( ! spectrum betwe5 wave l5g?s 4#eje & 4#dae micron1 & m especially 4#dhg & 4#dfj2 or ( su* light mix$ ) :ite2 azure1 c]ulean4 ,,black4--,possess+ 9 ! highe/ degree ! prop]ty ( absorb+ light2 reflect+ & transmitt+ little or no light2 ( ! color ( soot or coal2 ( ! d>ke/ possible hue2 sable4 ,optically1 :olly de/itute ( color1 or absolutely d>k1 :e!r f ! abs5ce or ! total absorption ( light4 ,oppos$ to :ite4 ,,br[n4--,a d>k color1 incl9$ to r$ or yell[1 obta9$ by mix+ r$1 black1 & yell[4 ,,*roma4--,! degree ( dep>ture ( a color s5sation f t ( :ite or gray2 ! int5sity ( di/9ctive hue2 color int5sity4 ,,*romatic4--,relat+ to or ( ! nature ( color4 ,,cobalt ,,blue4--,a pure blue t5d+ t[>d cyan blue & ( high lum9osity2 also call$ ,hung>y blue1 ,le?n]'s blue1 & ,p>is blue4 ,,color4--,objectively1 t quality ( a ?+ or appe>ance :i* is p]ceiv$ by ! eye alone1 indep5d5tly ( ! =m ( ! ?+2 subjectively1 a s5sation peculi> to ! organ ( vision1 & aris+ f ! optic n]ve4 ,,color ,,bl9dness4--,incapacity = p]ceiv+ colors1 indep5d5t ( ! capacity = di/+ui%+ light & %ade4 ,! mo/ common =m is inability to p]ceive r$ z a di/9ct color1 r$ objects be+ conf\nd$ ) gray or gre52 & next 9 frequ5cy is ! inability to p]ceive gre54 ,,color ,,con/ants4--,! numb]s :i* measure ! quantities1 z well z any o!r sy/em ( ?ree numb]s = def9+ colors1 are call$ con/ants ( color4 ,,color ,,v>iables4--,colors v>y 9 ,,*roma1 or fre$om f admixture ( :ite light2 9 ,,brightness1 or lum9osity2 & 9 ,,hue1 :i* r\ghly corresponds to ! mean wave l5g? ( ! light emitt$4 ,,colors1 ,,complem5t>y4--,^? pairs ( color :i* :5 mix$ produce :ite or gray light1 su* z r$ & gre5-blue1 yell[ & indigo-blue1 gre5-yell[ & violet4 ,,colors1 ,,prim>y4--,! r$1 gre51 & violet light ( ! spectrum1 f ! mixture ( :i* all o!r colors c be produc$4 ,also call$ fundam5tal colors4 ,,dye/uffs4--,9 comm]ce1 any dyewood1 li*51 or dyecake us$ 9 dye+ & /a9+4 ,,electric ,,light4--,light produc$ by electricity & ( two g5]al k9ds1 ! arc light & ! inc&esc5t light4 ,9 ! fir/ ! voltaic arc is employ$4 ,9 ! second a resi/+ conductor is r5d]$ inc&esc5t by ! curr5t4 ,,enamel4--,9 ! f9e arts a vitre\s sub/ance or glass1 opaque or transp>5t1 & v>i\sly color$1 appli$ z a coat+ on a surface ( metal or ( porcela94 ,,grat+1 ,,diffraction4--,a s]ies ( f9e p>allel l9es on a surface ( glass1 or poli%$ metal1 rul$ v close toge!r1 at ! rate ( #aj1jjj to #bj1jjj or ev5 #dj1jjj to ! in*2 di/9ctively call$ a diffraction or a diffraction grat+1 mu* us$ 9 spectroscopic "w4 ,,gray4--,a color hav+ little or no di/9ctive hue 7,,*roma7 & only mod]ate lum9osity4 ,,gre54--,! color ( ord9>y foliage2 ! color se5 9 ! sol> spectrum betwe5 wave l5g?s #j4eaa & #j4edc micron4 ,,em]ald ,,gre54--,a highly *romatic & extraord9>ily lum9\s gre5 ( ! color ( ! spectrum at wave l5g? #j4ebd micron4 ,x recalls ! em]ald by its brilliancy1 b n by its t9t2 appli$ g5]ally to ! aceto-ars5ate ( copp]4 ,usually kn[n z ,p>is gre54 ,,high ,,color4--,a hue :i* excites int5sely *romatic color s5sations4 ,,hue4--,specifically & te*nically1 di/9ctive quality ( color+ 9 an object or on a surface2 ! respect 9 :i* r$1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 etc41 diff] "o f ano!r2 t 9 :i* colors ( equal lum9osity & ,,*roma may diff]4 ,,indigo4--,! violet-blue color ( ! spectrum1 ext5d+1 accord+ to ,helmholtz1 f ,g two-?irds ( ! way to ,f 9 ! prismatic spectrum4 ,! "n 0 introduc$ by ,newton1 b has lately be5 disc>d$ by ! be/ writ]s4 ,,light4--,adjective appli$ to colors highly lum9\s & m or less defici5t 9 ,,*roma4 ,,lum9osity4--,specifically1 ! int5sity ( light 9 a color1 measur$ photometrically2 t is to say1 a /&>d light has its int5sity1 or vis viva1 alt]$1 until x produces ! impression ( be+ equally bright ) ! color ^: light is to be det]m9$2 & ! measure ( ! vis viva ( ! alt]$ light1 relatively to its /&>d int5sity1 is !n tak5 z ! lum9osity ( ! color 9 "q4 ,,maxwell ,,color ,,discs4--,discs hav+ ea* a s+le color1 & slit radially s t "o may be made to lap ov] ano!r to any desir$ ext5t4 ,by rotat+ ^! on a sp9dle1 ! effect ( comb9+ c]ta9 colors 9 v>y+ proportions c be /udi$4 ,,micron4--,! million? "p ( a metre1 or #a_/bcdjj ( an ,engli% in*4 ,! t]m has be5 =mally adopt$ by ! ,int]national ,commission ( ,weights & ,measures1 repres5t+ ! civiliz$ nations ( ! _w1 & is adopt$ by all metrologi/s4 ,,orange4--,a r$di% yell[ color1 ( :i* ! orange is ! type4 ,,vision1 ,,p]si/5ce ,,(4--,! cont9uance ( a visual impression ^u ! ret9a ( ! eye aft] ! excit+ cause is remov$4 ,! l5g? ( "t v>ies ) ! int5sity ( ! light & ! excitability ( ! ret9a1 & ord9>ily is brief1 ?\gh ! duration may be = h\rs1 or ev5 days4 ,! aft] image may be ei!r positive or negative1 ! latt] :5 ! bright "p appe>s d>k & ! color$ p>ts 9 _! correspond+ contra/ colors4 ,x is because ( ?is p]si/5ce t1 = example1 a firebr& mov$ v rapidly appe>s z a b& or circle ( light4 ,,photomet]4--,an in/rum5t us$ to measure ! int5sity ( light4 ,specifically1 to comp>e ! relative int5sities ( ! light emitt$ f v>i\s s\rces4 ,,pigm5t4--,any sub/ance t is or c be us$ by pa9t]s to imp>t color to bodies4 ,,p9k4--,a r$ color ( l[ *roma1 b high lum9osity1 incl9+ t[>d purple4 ,,prim>y ,,colors4--,see ,colors1 prim>y4 ,,pure ,,color4--,a color produc$ by homog5e\s light4 ,any v brilliant or decid$ color4 ,,purple4--,a color =m$ by ! mixture ( blue & r$1 includ+ ! violet ( ! spectrum above wave l5g? #j4dag1 :i* is ne>ly a violet blue1 & ext5d+ to1 b n includ+1 crimson4 ,,ra9b[4--,a b[ or an arc ( a circle1 consi/+ ( ! prismatic colors1 =m$ by ! refraction & ! reflection ( rays ( light f drops ( ra9 or vapor1 appe>+ 9 ! "p ( ! heav5s opposite to ! sun4 ,,r$4--,a color m or less resembl+ t ( blood1 or ! l[] end ( ! spectrum4 ,r$ is "o ( ! mo/ g5]al color names1 & embraces colors rang+ 9 hue f anil9e to sc>let iodide ( m]cury & r$ lead4 ,a r$ yell[] ?an v]milion is call$ sc>let4 ,"o mu* m crimson is call$ crimson r$4 ,a v d>k r$1 if pure or crimson1 is call$ m>oon2 if br[ni%1 *e/nut or *ocolate4 ,a pale r$--t is1 "o ( l[ ,,*roma & high ,,lum9osity--is call$ a p9k1 rang+ f rose p9k or pale crimson to salmon p9k or pale sc>let4 ,,v5etian ,,r$4--,an important pigm5t us$ by arti/s1 some:at d>k] ?an brick r$ 9 color1 & v p]man5t4 ,,ret9a4--,! inn]mo/ & *iefly n]v\s coat ( ! po/]ior "p ( ! eyeball4 ,,saturation1 ,,( ,,colors4--,9 optics ! degree ( admixture ) :ite1 ! saturation dim9i%+ z ! am\nt ( :ite is increas$4 ,9 o!r words1 ! highe/ degree ( saturation belongs to a giv5 color :5 9 ! /ate ( greate/ purity4 ,,scale4--,a grad$ sy/em1 by ref]5ce to :i* ! degree1 int5sity1 or quality ( a s5se p]ception may be e/imat$4 ,,%ade4--,degree or gradation ( defective lum9osity 9 a color1 (t5 us$ vaguely f ! fact t pal5ess1 or high lum9osity1 comb9$ ) defective ,,*roma1 is conf\nd$ ) high lum9osity by itself4 ,see ,color1 ,hue1 & ,t9t4 ,,spectrum4--,9 physics ! cont9u\s b& ( light %[+ ! successive prismatic colors1 or ! isolat$ l9es or b&s ( color1 obs]v$ :5 ! radiation f su* a s\rce z ! sun or an ignit$ vapor 9 a gas flame is view$ aft] hav+ be5 pass$ ?r\gh a prism 7prismatic spectrum7 or reflect$ f a diffraction grat+ 7diffraction or int]f]5ce spectrum74 ,see ,ra9b[4 ,,t9t4--,a v>iety ( color2 especially & prop]ly1 a lum9\s v>iety ( l[ ,,*roma2 also1 ab/ractly1 ! respect 9 :i* a color may be rais$ by m or less admixture ( :ite1 :i* at once increases ! lum9osity & dim9i%es ! ,,*roma4 ,,tone4--,a s\nd hav+ def9it5ess & cont9uity en\gh s t its pit*1 =ce1 & quality may be readily e/imat$ by ! e>4 ,musical s\nd oppos$ to noise4 ,! prevail+ effect ( a color4 ,,ultram>9e4--,a beautiful natural blue pigm5t1 obta9$ f ! m9]al lapis-lazuli4 ,,value4--,9 pa9t+ & ! alli$ arts1 relation ( "o object1 "p1 or atmosph]ic plane ( a picture to ! o!rs1 ) ref]5ce to light & %ade1 ! idea ( ,,hue be+ ab/ract$4 ,,v]milion4--,! r$ sulphate ( m]cury4 ,,violet4--,a g5]al class ( colors1 ( :i* ! violet fl[] is a highly *romatic example4 ,! s5sation is produc$ by a pure blue ^: ,,*roma has be5 dim9i%$ :ile its ,,lum9osity has be5 increas$4 ,?us blue & violet are ! same color1 ?\gh ! s5sations are diff]5t4 ,a m]e increase ( illum9ation may cause a violet blue to appe> violet1 ) a dim9ution ( app>5t ,,*roma4 ,?is color1 call$ violet or blue accord+ to ! quality ( ! s5sation x excites1 is "o ( ! ?ree fundam5tal colors ( ,"y's !ory4 ,a deep blue t+$ ) r$4 ,,viridian4--,same z ,v]onese gre54 ,,:ite4--,a color transmitt+1 & s reflect+ to ! eye1 all ! rays ( ! spectrum1 comb9$ 9 ! same proportion z 9 ! imp++ light4 ,,yell[4--,! color ( gold & ( light1 ( wave l5g? #j4eha micron4 ,! "n is re/rict$ to highly *romatic & lum9\s colors4 ,:5 r$uc$ 9 ,,*roma1 x becomes buff2 :5 r$uc$ 9 ,,lum9osity1 a cool br[n4 ,see ,br[n4 ,,v]onese ,,gre54--,a pigm5t consi/+ ( hydrat$ *romium sesquioxide4 ,x is a cle> blui% gre5 ( great p]man5cy4 ,also call$ ,viridian4 ,,index ,,by ,,p>agraphs4 ,balance ( color1 #bc1 #dg1 #fg1 #ge-gg1 #ha-hf1 #ajf1 #ajh1 #aaa1 #aad1 #acb1 #acf1 #adb1 #adg1 ,app5dix ,,iii4 ,black1 #ab1 #af1 #bb1 #ca1 #da1 #ed1 #ee1 #fe1 #ia1 #aai4 ,blue1 #i1 #ab1 #af1 #cd1 #ajd1 #adf1 #adg4 ,brew/]'s !ory1 ,app5dix ,,iii4 ,*>ts ( ! color sph]e1 #ad1 #ag1 #abf1 #abg1 #ace1 #acf1 #adj4 ,*evreul1 ,app5dix ,,iii41 ,v4 ,*roma1 #c1 #d1 #h1 #aa1 #ad1 #ba-bd1 #bh1 #ci1 #dj1 #db1 #de1 #fd1 #gf1 #gh1 #hb1 #hh1 #id1 #ie1 #aje1 #aba1 #acb4 ,scale (1 #ab1 #ai1 #be1 #ca-ce1 #db1 #acc4 ,/ronge/1 #cb1 #cd1 #db4 ,*romatic tun+ =k1 #aag1 #aah1 #aai-abg4 ,circuit1 incl9$1 #af1 #ag1 #ig4 ,color1 app>atus1 #c1 #h1 #ad1 #acb4 ,atlas1 #abi4 ,balance1 #bc1 #dg1 #fg1 #ge-gg1 #ha-hf 7triple71 #ajf1 #ajh1 #aaa1 #aad1 #acb1 #acf1 #adb1 #adg4 ,bl9dness1 #ahb1 #ahc4 ,*>ts1 #ad1 #ag1 #abf1 #abg1 #ace1 #acf1 #adj4 ,circuit1 #ed1 #eh1 #ei4 ,complem5t>y1 #gf1 #gg4 ,color1 dim5sions (1 #c1 #h1 #i1 #ac1 #be1 #ec1 #id1 #aaf4 ,curves1 #id4 ,discs1 ,maxwell's1 #gf1 #ic1 #ajf-aab1 #aac1 #aag4 ,h>mony1 #dg1 #gg1 #hf1 #ade-adh1 #aea-agd1 #ahj4 ,h& z a hold] (1 #ed-eh4 ,key (1 #f1 #aea1 #aeb4 ,language1 pov]ty (1 #e1 #age4 ,li/s1 #aca4 ,measur$1 #c1 #ad1 #cb4 ,m]idians1 #acf1 #acg4 ,middle1 #bh1 #bi1 #dj-db1 #aac4 ,misnom]s1 ,app5dix ,i4 ,mixture1 #ef-gb4 ,names1 #a1 #b1 #ad1 #ai1 #be1 #ij1 #ia1 #aca4 ,notation1 #cf1 #cg1 #dj-db1 #dg1 #fg1 #gb1 #hf1 #aja1 #acc4 ,orange1 #i-aa1 #hi1 #abc4 ,p>allels1 #ab1 #aai4 ,pa?s1 #aeg1 #aeh1 #afj-afd4 ,p]ception1 #bg1 #bi1 #ci1 #agi4 ,pr9cipal 7#e71 #d1 #af1 #ba1 #bf1 #ca1 #cd1 #dj1 #ed1 #ef1 #eg4 ,pr9cipal 7#e7 & int]m$iates 7#e71 #ca1 #fj1 #fh1 #aab1 #acd4 ,purity1 #h1 #ai1 #bc1 #hi1 #ih1 #ii4 ,records #ade4 ,relations1 #ad1 #bd1 #cf1 #cg1 #aec4 ,rhy?m1 #aff4 ,scale1 #c1 #g1 #bd1 #cj1 #ee1 #abj1 #adj1 ,app5dix ,,ii4 ,score1 #acc-aci1 #adb1 #agc4 ,s5sations1 #c1 #d1 #ae1 #ai1 #ba1 #hg4 ,sequ5ces1 #dg1 #gh1 #gi1 #abj1 #aef1 #afi-aga1 #aha4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton's1 #hi4 ,s*emes1 ,app5dix ,v4 ,solid1 #ad1 #ai1 #ajb1 #abf1 #abi1 #adj1 #aec4 ,spectral1 #af1 #hh1 #id1 #abi4 ,sph]e1 #ab-ag1 #bd1 #be1 #ca1 #dc1 #ee1 #gb1 #ia1 #aja1 #ajb1 #aaa1 #abb1 #acb4 ,/&>d1 #d1 #bf1 #ce4 ,sy/em1 #c1 #h1 #bh1 #abc1 #acj4 ,ne$ (1 #df1 #adh4 ,tree1 #ad1 #cj-cd1 #dc1 #id1 #ie1 #abd4 ,waves1 #ba1 #bc1 #acf4 ,tones1 #acd4 ,*ildr5's color /udies1 ,app5dix ,,iv4 ,colori/1 #hd1 #aba1 #agg4 ,colori/ic art1 #g1 #ch1 #de1 #agg4 ,comb9$ scales1 #ab1 #ad1 #cf1 #cg1 #dg4 ,complem5ts1 #gf1 #gg4 ,c\rse ( color /udy1 #dh-ej4 ,daylight photomet]1 #bb1 #ajc1 #aai4 ,enamels1 #bh1 #bi1 #aja1 #aag4 ,fad+1 #h1 #bc4 ,false color balance1 ,app5dix ,,iii4 ,flat diagrams1 #ad4 ,fundam5tal s5sations1 #bh1 ,app5dix ,,iii4 ,gre51 #b1 #cb1 #ajd1 #acf1 #acg1 #adj1 #adg1 #adh4 ,hue1 #c1 #d1 #h1 #i-aa1 #ad1 #ah1 #ba-bf1 #cd1 #ci1 #dj1 #dc1 #ed1 #ei1 #gf1 #hb1 #hi1 #aje4 ,scale (1 #ab1 #ai1 #be1 #ca1 #ce1 #abj1 #acc4 ,ideal color sy/em1 #ajj4 ,lamb]t's pyramid1 note to #ca4 ,lum9i/1 #aba4 ,masks1 #dg1 #afg-aga4 ,maxwell discs1 #ic1 #ajg1 #aac1 #aag4 ,measurem5t ( colors1 #c1 #h1 #ad1 #aaf1 ,app5dix ,,iv4 ,middle gray1 #fa1 #fe1 #gb4 ,middle hues1 #aj1 #bh1 #fe4 ,mixture ( hues1 #ef-gb4 ,musical t]ms us$ = colors1 #f1 #df1 #adh-aej4 ,neutral axis1 #ca1 #cd1 #fa1 #fe1 #aba4 ,neutral gray1 #aa1 #bc1 #be1 #fb1 #fd1 #fe1 #gb1 #aad1 #ajb4 ,notation diagram1 #adj4 ,orange1 #i-aa1 #ah1 #abc4 ,p]sonal bias1 #add1 #agd4 ,pigm5ts1 #ad1 #bg-bi1 #aja-ajd1 #abe1 #abi4 ,photomet]1 #fe4 ,prim>y s5sations1 #hi4 ,prismatic color sph]e1 #ih4 ,purple1 #e4 ,ra9b[1 #ae1 #ag4 ,r$1 middle1 #a1 #cb1 #da1 #fj1 #ff1 #gb1 #ajd1 #aaj1 #abb1 #adg1 #adh4 ,ret9a1 #ba4 ,rood1 mod]n *romatics1 ,app5dix ,i4 ,runge1 note to #ca1 ,app5dix ,v4 ,%ades & t9ts1 #bb4 ,spectrum1 sol>1 #ae-ah1 #bg1 #bh1 #hg1 #hh1 #ib1 #ie1 #if4 ,tone1 #f4 ,value1 #c1 #h-aa1 #ad1 #ba-bd1 #bh1 #cd1 #ci1 #dj-dc1 #ed1 #gf1 #gh1 #hb1 #id1 #aje1 #abj1 #acb4 ,scale (1 #ab1 #ai1 #be1 #ca1 #cd1 #ce1 #fd1 #ajb1 #abj1 #acc4 ,v]milion1 #db1 ,app5dix ,,iii4 ,v]tical 7neutral7 axis1 #ab1 #be1 #ca1 #cd1 #fe1 #fh4 ,violet1 #ij4 ,w>m & cold colors1 #gb1 #abc1 note to #acf1 #acg1 #ach4 ,wave l5g?s1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc1 #hi4 ,:ite1 #ab1 #af1 #ag1 #bb1 #ca1 #da1 #ed1 #ee1 #fe1 #hg1 #ia1 #ib1 #ii1 #aai4 ,yell[1 #a1 #cb1 #ed1 #ajd1 #acf4 ,! ,,munsell ,,photomet] ,pat5t$ ,novemb] #ai1 #aija ,a portable1 daylight in/rum5t1 adapt$ to laboratory "w 9 g5]al1 & ( especial s]vice 9 ! comp>ison ( color values4 ,plac$ 9 ! c\rse ( ,optical ,measurem5ts at ! ,massa*usetts ,in/itute ( ,te*nology ,price1 #ej ,decoration ,,9 ,,prep>ation ,a ,,color ,,atlas ,also text-books & models specially design$ to s]ve 9 ! education ( ! color s5se