,,%epp',s ,,photographs ,,( ,,! ,,_w4   
,,consi/+ ,,(  ,panoramic ,views (      
,cities--,/reet ,sc5es--,public         
,build+s--,ca!drals--                   
,mosques--,*ur*es--,temples--,obs]vatori
es--,ca/les--,palaces--,homes ( ,not$   
,p--,private ,ap>tm5ts ( ,presid5ts1    
,que5s1 ,k+s1 ,emp]ors1 ,mon>*s &       
,rul]s--,h>ems--,univ]sities--,colleges-
-,active ,volcanoes-- ,m\nta9           
,sc5]y--,lake                           
,sc5]y--,lo*s--,fjords--,falls--,riv]   
,sc5]y--                                
,caons--,geys]s--,bridges--,p>ks--,f\nta
9s--,!atres--,obelisks--,t[]s--         
,memorials--,tombs--,caves--,cemet]ies--
,pyramids--,ru9s ( ,ca/les--,ru9s (     
,temples--,ru9s ( ,anci5t               
,cities--,tropical                      
,sc5]y--,t[ns--,villages-- ,huts1       
,toge!r ) a l>ge array ( in/antane\s    
photographs1 %[+ ! e-day life ( ! p 9 ! 
v>i\s c\ntries ( ! _w4  ,,collect$ ,,f  
,,europe1 ,,asia1 ,,africa1 ,,au/ralia1 
,,nor? ,,am]ica1 ,,s\? ,,am]ica ,,& ,,! 

,,pacific ,,isl&s1  ,,repres5t+  ,,!    
,,_w ,,z ,,x ,,exi/s ,,to-,,day4  ,also1
 direct copies ( all ! orig9al fam\s    
pa9t+s & /atu>y1 by ! _w's old ma/]s &  
mod]n arti/s1 tak5 f ! lead+ gall]ies1  
includ+ !  ,,fr5* ,,salon1 ,,l\vre ,,&  
,,luxemb\rg ,,gall]ies1 ,,p>is2 ,,&     
,,v]sailles ,,gall]y1 ,,v]sailles1      
,,france2 ,,! ,,dresd5 ,,gall]y1        
,,dresd51 ,,g]many2 ,,! ,,uffizi ,,&    
,,pitti ,,gall]ies1 ,,flor5ce1 ,,italy2 
,,& ,,! ,,vatican ,,gall]y1 ,,rome4     
,=m+ ! l>ge/ & mo/ valuable collection (
 works ( art 9 ! _w4  ----  ,,c>efully  
,,arrang$ ,,& ,,appropriately ,,expla9$ 
,,by  ,,james ,w4 ,,%epp ,,& ,,daniel   
,b4 ,,%epp4  ----  ,,sold ,,by          
,,subscription ,,only4  ----  ,,globe   
,,bible ,,publi%+ ,,co41  ,,no4 #gje    
,,*e/nut ,,/reet1 ,,philadelphia1       
,,p5na4     ,,preface  ,illu/ration3 ,in
 all ages1 m5 h be5 eag] to tell & to   
he> new ?+s2 & be=e books 7 pr9t$1      
travell]s w&]$ abroad1 br++ home        
wond]ful /ories ( unkn[n l&s4  ,9 !     

con/ruction ( ?is publication1 ! object 
is n to tell /ories or relate exp]i5ces1
 b to exhibit1 by c>efully tak5         
photographs1 ! great sights ( ! _w z !y 
exi/ to-day4  ,! art ( tea*+ ) pictures 
is v old4 ,! anci5t ,egyptians us$      
emblems & designs to record ! v>i\s     
incid5ts ( _! hi/ory1 traces ( :i* are  
/ill f\nd on obelisks & ru9$ temples4   
,wood illu/rations 7 also introduc$ _m  
ye>s ago2 & z "t roll$ on1 m>k$         
improvem5ts 7 made 9 ! art (            
wood-engrav+4 ,not)/&+ ! fact t !y h n !
 p[] ( truly repres5t+ ! orig9al objects
 !y int5d to portray1 !y are /ill l>gely
 us$ = illu/rat+ pr9t$ books & pap]s4   
,ov] a c5tury ago1 ! art ( photography 0
 made kn[n to ! _w by ,s*eele1 a ,sw$i% 
*emi/2 s9ce !n1 _m improvem5ts h be5    
made 9 ?is art1 until n[1 by !          
photo-electro process1 an exact         
photograph c be transf]r$ on a copp]    
plate1 )\t los+ a s+le l9e or %ade1 & f 
?is plate1 photographs c be pr9t$1 su* z
 appe> 9 ?is book4  ,ow+ to ! increas+  

popul>ity ( ! graphic & pictorial me?ods
 ( imp>t+ in=mation1 ! photographic     
cam]a 0 employ$ to secure photographs ( 
! greate/ ?+s ( ! _w z se5 to-day1 bo? =
 in/ruction & ent]ta9m5t4  ,we =get k   
acquir$ by common conv]sation1 &        
descriptions ( places & ?+s2 b :5 we    
obs]ve !m1 & _! =ms are convey$ to our  
m9ds ?r\gh ! m$ium ( our eyes1 !y are   
indelibly impress$ ^u ! memory4  ,!     
object1 !n1 ( ?is ,publication is to    
pres5t photographs ( all ! great sights 
( ! _w1 f e corn] ( ! globe1 c>efully   
reproduc+ !m by ! photo-electro process1
 & add+ a few l9es ( explanation to e   
picture1 s t any "o c compreh5d ea*     
subject4  ,to make ?is collection1 e    
c\ntry 0 c>efully ransack$1 />t+ 9      
,irel&1 ) ! fam\s ,bl>ney ,ca/le &      
,lakes ( ,kill>ney 9 ! s\?1 & ext5d+ to 
! ,giant's ,causeway 9 ! nor?1 said by  
an old leg5d to h be5 built by giants to
 =m a road across ! *annel to ,scotl&4  
,pass+ ?r\gh ,scotl&1 we photograph$ its
 hills1 ca/les1 lo*s1 bridges & cities4 

,?r\gh\t ,wales & ,engl&1 we repres5t _!
 busy seaport & manufactur+ t[ns2 ! home
 ( ,%akespe>e1 ! ,b>d ( ,avon2 ,w9dsor  
,ca/le1 f>-fam$ = its beauty &          
battlem5ts2 ,gre5wi* ,obs]vatory1 f :i* 
! longitude ( ! _w is comput$2 ,hampton 
,c\rt1 a relic ( royalty2 & ,london1 !  
metropolis ( ! _w1 ) ov] six million p1 
its cr[d$ /reets1 imp]ial build+s1      
hi/oric abbeys1 fam\s t[]s & monum5ts4  
,! ,ne!rl&s & ,d5m>k are repres5t$ by ! 
dykes & w9dmills1 ,cop5hag51 ,am/]dam1  
,rott]dam1 ,antw]p1 ,brussels1 !        
battlefield ( ,wat]loo2 ,russia1 ! l& ( 
! ,cz>1 by ,mosc[1 ,! ,kreml92 ,/4      
,pet]sburg1 ! ,w9t] ,palace4 ,!nce our  
photograph]s travell$ across ! /eppes to
 ,lapl&1 ,f9l&1 ,pol&1 & ov] ! tundras  
to /]ile ,sib]ia1 inflict+ its cruel    
tortures on unhappy exil$ prison]s4     
,g]many1 t romantic c\ntry ( nor!rn     
,europe1 af=ds ,b]l92 ,potsdam1 its     
,royal ,palaces2 ,dresd5 & its ,picture 
,gall]ies2 ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 ! =m]    
home ( ,lu!r1 ! re=m]1 & ,ro?s*ild1 !   

f9ancial k+ ( ! _w2 ! picturesque ,rh9e1
 l9$ ) its hi/oric ca/les4  ,france     
furni%es = our collection ,p>is1 !      
pr\de/ city ( ! :ole _w1 ev] gay1 its   
pretty b\lev>ds1 monum5ts1 t[]s1        
bridges1 hi/oric build+s1 ! ,l\vre &    
,luxemb\rg ,gall]ies1 & _! treasures (  
pa9t+ & sculptures2 ,v]sailles1 its     
royal palaces1 ! l>ge/ 9 ! _w2 ! palace 
at ,fonta9bleau1 buri$ 9 ! mid/ ( t     
imp]ial =e/1 ! home :]e ,napoleon rul$ &
 abdicat$2 ! cities ( ! int]ior & ^? ( !
 ev]-delightful ,riv]ia1 f ,m>seilles to
 ,monte ,c>lo1 ! latt] bo? lovely1      
hide\s1 s]5e1 s5sational1 beautiful &   
damnable4  ,?r\gh ,spa9 & ,portugal1 e  
object ( int]e/ 0 photograph$1 f ! wild 
& ?rill+ sc5]y ( ! ,pyr5ees 9 ! nor? to 
t bold headl& rock ( ,gibralt> 9 ! s\?1 
& f ! calm ,m$it]ranean 9 ! ea/ to !    
turbul5t wat]s ( ! ,atlantic on ! we/4  
,( ,switz]l&1 we exhibit its sn[-capp$  
peaks ( p]petual ice & sn[2 ,mont       
,blanc1 ,matt]horn & ,jungfrau2 its     
placid lakes2 m\nta9 passes1 l %elves   

cut 9 rock2 its bridges ( ice & v>iety (
 wild sc5]y t is se5 n[h]e b 9          
,switz]l&4  ,?r\gh sunny ,italy we ga!r$
 photographs f lakes ,lugano1 ,maggiore 
& ,como ) p]petual spr+1 9 ! nor?1 to ! 
fi]y crat] ( ,m\nt ,vesuvius 9 ! s\?2   
,v5ice1 ! ,que5 ( ! ,adriatic2 ,g5oa1 ! 
home ( ,columbus2 ,pisa1 its lean+ t[]2 
,flor5ce1 ! fl[] ( cities1 ) its        
gall]ies ( /atues & pa9t+s t ! weal? (  
nations c\ld n pur*ase2 & ,rome1 t      
mighty city by ! ,tib]1 t once rul$ !   
_w1 & is /ill ! abode ( ! ,pope2 ,/4    
,pet]s & its ru9s2 yet n[ calm1 peaceful
 & p[]less4  ,au/ria1 :]e ! ,ca?olic b[s
 8 head to e %r9e1 favor$ u ) its       
sublime m\nta9 sc5]y2 ! picturesque     
,tyrol2 ! blue ,danube1 fam\s 9 hi/ory &
 song2 & ,vi5na1 ! home ( ! ,emp]or & ! 
=m] abode ( ,m>ia ,!resa1 /rangely      
fasc9at+ & unlike any o!r city 9 ! :ole 
_w4 ,turkey1 ! l& ( ! ,sultan & !       
foll[]s ( ,mahomet1 ) its /range p &    
curi\s habits1 is repres5t$ by          
,con/ant9ople1 ) its mosques & m9>ets1 f

 ! top ( :i* ! ,mussulman s+s out 8     
daily calls = pray]1 ,ali6 ,ali6--!re is
 b "o ,god1 & ,mahomet is 8 prophet2 its
 /reets1 gates & squ>es2 ! ,bosphorus & 
,gold5 ,horn4  ,classic ,greece1 once ! 
c5tre ( art & le>n+1 adorns our         
collection ) ,a!ns1 ! ,acropolis &      
,p>!non1 ! latt] almo/ completely &     
%amefully b]eft ( ^? fam\s m>bles1      
*isel$ by ,phidias ne>ly five hundr$    
ye>s be=e ,*ri/4  ,9 anci5t ,egypt we   
photograph$ ! ,suez ,canal2 ,alex&ria1 !
 =m] city ( ,cleopatra2 ,cairo1 ! home (
 ! ,kh$ive & 8 h>ems2 ! ,sphynx &       
,pyramids1 ! latt] ! tombs ( ! select$  
,ptolemies2 ! riv] ,nile1 f$ by ! melt+ 
sn[s f ! m\nta9s ( ! ,moon1 & p\r+ its  
wat]s ov] ?is anci5t valley ) a         
regul>ity z ?\gh ! ru9$ temples on its  
banks give x comm&4  ,pale/9e1 ! ,holy  
,l&1 made fam\s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian 
,*ur*1 add$ ,j]uselem1 ! ,city ( ,david2
 ,be?lehem1 ! cradle ( ,*ri/2 ,jordan1  
:]e ,he 0 baptiz$2 ! ,sea ( ,galilee1 on
 ^: %ores ,he prea*$ to ! multitude2    

,naz>e?1 f :i* ,he 0 call$ a ,naz>5e2   
,ge?semane1 :]e ,he suff]$2 ,calv>y1 :]e
 ,he 0 crucifi$4  ,asia furni%$ ,mecca1 
t et]nal city to :i* ,mahomet's         
disciples make _! we>y pilgrimages2     
,h9doo/an1 f ,bombay to ,calcutta2 !    
grottos ( ,illora2 ! cav]ns ( ,salcette2
 ! ,h9doo prie/s1 *ant+ ! v]ses ( !     
,v$as2 ! ru9s ( ! city ( ! great ,bali1 
! domes ( ! pagodas2 glaci] views1 sn[  
bridges1 rattan bridges 9 ! ,himalayas2 
! sacr$ caves ( ,amurna?1 to :i*        
pilgrimages are made by ! ,h9doos2      
,sr9ugurr & its float+ g>d5s2 curi\s    
bridges2 baza>s = ! sale ( ! _w-r5[n$   
,ca%m]e %awls1 ! w9d+ riv] ,jheulm1 )   
its _m curves1 sugge/+ ! patt]n or      
design = ^! fam\s wraps2 ,d>jeel+ &     
,mussorie1 celebrat$ hill sanit>iums1 9 
! he>t ( ! ,himalayas1 mu* frequ5t$ by  
t\ri/s dur+ summ]2 ,melapore1 :]e ,/4   
,?omas 0 m>tyr$ & :]e ,*ri/1 p]haps1    
liv$ dur+ ,8 abs5ce f ,judea1 draw+ f ! 
books ( ! ,brahm9s1 ! mo/ p]fect        
precepts ( ,8 div9e tea*+s2 !           

subt]ranean cav]ns ( ,c&y2 ! spl5dor ( !
 ,valley ( ,rubies2 ,adam's ,peak2 !    
footm>k ( ,buddha2 ! fairy-l view ( !   
,/raits ( ,sunda4  ,our photograph]s    
also trav]s$ ! ,cele/ial ,empire1 ,s\?  
,am]ica1 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ,mexico1      
,gre5l&1 ,icel&1 ,alaska1 ,canada & !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 f ! ,gold5 ,gate 9 ! we/ 
to ! ,rocky ,coa/ ( ,new ,engl& 9 ! ea/1
 & f ! ,lake ,cities 9 ! nor? to !      
,cotton ,/ates 9 ! s\?4 ,?r\gh e c\ntry 
& e clime1 nor?1 s\?1 ea/ & we/1 :]ev] 0
 locat$ a po9t ( int]e/1 an hi/oric     
ca/le1 a fam\s monum5t1 a gr& ca!dral1 a
 _w's wond]1 a great city1 a cr[d$      
av5ue1 an imp]ial build+1 a pretty      
picture1 an exquisite /atue1 a          
picturesque riv]1 an inspir+ gr&eur (   
nature1 a curi\s cav]n1 a l(ty peak1 a  
deep valley1 a /range p1 ! same 0       
reflect$ ?r\gh ! cam]a & add$ to ?is    
book4  ,! result ( ?is collection       
entail$ !re=e ! exp5diture ( a va/ am\nt
 ( money & labor1 z may be suppos$2 & ! 
only wi% ( ! publi%]s is1 t x may af=d  

pleasure & in/ruction to ^? t view !    
result ( _! labors4     ,,cont5ts4      
,,irel&4   ,bl>ney ,ca/le   ,lakes (    
,kill>ney   ,dubl9 7,in/antane\s7       
,giant's ,causeway  ,,scotl&4           
,municipal ,build+s1 ,glasg[   ,lo*     
,lomond   ,=? ,bridge   ,balmoral ,ca/le
   ,clam%ell ,cave1 ,isl& ( ,/affa      
,ed9burgh 7,in/antane\s7  ,,engl&4      
,liv]pool 7,in/antane\s7   ,lime ,/reet1
 ,liv]pool 7,in/antane\s7   ,man*e/]    
7,in/antane\s7   ,w>wick ,ca/le1 ,w>wick
   ,%akespe>e's ,h\se1 ,/rat=d-on-,avon 
,brighton   ,osborne ,h\se1 ,isle (     
,wight   ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace1        
,hampton ,c\rt   ,gre5wi* ,obs]vatory1  
,gre5wi*    ,,w9dsor ,,ca/le4           
,w9dsor ,ca/le     ,gre5 ,draw+ ,room   
,,london4     ,midl& ,gr& ,hotel & ,/4  
,pancras ,/ation     ,! ,/r&            
7,in/antane\s7     ,*eapside            
7,in/antane\s7     ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral 
,! ,bank ( ,engl& 7,in/antane\s7        
,t[] ( ,london     ,london ,bridge      
7,in/antane\s7     ,we/m9/] ,abbey      

,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t     ,trafalg> ,squ>e 
,buck+ham ,palace     ,rott5 ,r[        
7,in/antane\s7     ,alb]t ,memorial     
,,belgium4   ,antw]p    ,,brussels4     
,panoramic ,view ( ,brussels     ,palace
 ( ! ,k+     ,b\rse 7,in/antane\s7      
,city ,hall     ,ca!dral ( ,/e4 ,gudule 
,! ,=bidd5 ,book4 ,pa9t+1 ,ooms         
,,holl&4   ,s*ev5+5   ,am/]dam          
7,in/antane\s7   ,w9dmill  ,,norway4    
,*ri/ians&   ,b]g5   ,na]dfjord1        
,gudvnag5   ,nor? ,cape  ,,russia4      
,mosc[   ,w9t] ,palace1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg  
,,g]many4   ,! ,ca!dral1 ,cologne   ,b+5
   ,ehr5breit/e9   ,frank=t-on-!-,ma9   
,m>t9 ,lu!r's ,h\se1 ,frank=t-on-!-,ma9 
,ariadne on ! ,pan!r1 ,/atu>y1 ,danneck]
   ,univ]sity ,build+1 ,leipsic         
,,b]l94     ,royal ,palace     ,b]l91   
,unt] d5 ,l9d5     ,/atue ( ,fr$]ick !  
,great     ,! ,br&5burg ,gate           
,monum5t ( ,victory    ,,potsdam4     ,!
 ,hi/oric ,w9dmill    ,,dresd5 ,,gall]y4
     ,madonna di ,san ,si/o1 ,pa9t+1    
,raphael     ,magdal5e1 ,pa9t+1         

,battoni1  ,,france4   ,,p>is4          
,bird's-eye ,view ( ,p>is     ,place de 
la ,concorde 7,in/antane\s7             
,madele9e 7,in/antane\s7     ,op]a ,h\se
 7,in/antane\s7     ,great ,b\lev>ds    
,july ,column     ,/atue ( ! ,republic  
,v5dome ,column     ,royal ,palace      
,hotel de ,ville     ,ca!dral ( ,notre  
,dame     ,palace ( ,ju/ice     ,arc (  
,triumph     ,dome des ,invalides       
,tomb ( ,napoleon     ,eiffel ,t[]      
,pan!on     ,l\vre ,build+s    ,,l\vre  
,,gall]y4     ,v5us de ,milo1 ,/atu>y1  
,unkn[n     ,tomb ( ,phillippe ,pot1    
,/atu>y1 ,r5aissance     ,peacemak] ( ! 
,village1 ,pa9t+1 ,greuze    ,,luxemb\rg
 ,,gall]y4      ,! ,la/ ,veil1 ,/atu>y1 
,b\ret     ,arre/ 9 ! ,village1 ,pa9t+1 
,salmson     ,a ,"m1 ,/atu>y1 ,l5oir    
,joan ( ,arc1 ,/atu>y1 ,*apu     ,pay+ !
 ,reap]s1 ,pa9t+1 ,lh]mitte             
,ignorance1 ,pa9t+1 ,paton              
,,v]sailles4     ,royal ,palace         
,royal ,c>riage    ,,v]sailles ,,gall]y4
     ,la/ ,victims ( ! ,reign ( ,t]ror1 

,pa9t+1 ,mull]     ,napoleon at         
,au/]litz1 ,pa9t+1 ,v]net     ,napoleon1
 ,pa9t+1 ,gosse    ,,fonta9ebleau4      
,royal ,palace     ,?rone ,room         
,ap>tm5t ( ,tape/ries     ,ap>tm5t (    
,mme4 de ,ma9t5on  ,,s\!rn ,,france4    
,nice   ,monaco   ,monte ,c>lo   ,gam+  
,hall1 ,monte ,c>lo  ,,spa94   ,madrid  
,seville   ,bull ,fight1 ,seville       
7,in/antane\s7   ,tol$o   ,gibralt>     
,,portugal4   ,lisbon  ,,switz]l&4      
,kir*5feld ,bridge1 ,b]ne   ,clock ,t[]1
 ,b]ne   ,peasant ,woman   ,int]lak5 & !
 ,jungfrau   ,gr9delwald   ,a ,?\s&     
,foot ,*asm   ,brunig ,pass   ,luc]ne   
,rigi   ,rigi-,kulm   ,pilatus          
,simplon's ,pass   ,z]matt & !          
,matt]horn   ,*am\nix & ,mont ,blanc    
,engleb]g   ,/4 ,got?>d ,railway        
,ax5/rasse  ,,au/ria4   ,,vi5na4        
,panorama ( ,vi5na     ,hotel ,metropole
     ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,/eph5     ,!seus1     
,/atu>y1 ,canova1     ,s*nbrunn         
,,turkey4   ,,con/ant9ople4     ,galata 
,bridge 7,in/antane\s7     ,mosque ( ,/4

 ,sophia     ,int]ior ( ! ,mosque ( ,/4 
,sophia     ,/reet ,sc5e 7,in/antane\s7 
,mosque ( ,ahm$     ,turki% ,lady       
,/reet ,m]*ants     ,sultan's ,h>em     
,,greece4   ,acropolis1 ,a!ns   ,p>!non1
 ,a!ns  ,,italy4   ,,milan4     ,gr&    
,ca!dral & ,squ>e     ,corso ,v5ezia    
,,tur94     ,exposition ,build+s        
,duke ,f]d9& ( ,g5oa    ,,g5oa4         
,g5]al ,view ( ,g5oa     ,/atue (       
,columbus    ,,pisa4     ,lean+ ,t[]    
,,v5ice4     ,palace ( ! ,doges     ,gr&
 ,canal     ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,m>k         
,/reet ,sc5e 9 ,v5ice     ,! ,rialto    
7,in/antane\s7    ,,flor5ce4     ,!     
,ca!dral     ,vec*io ,bridge     ,monk  
,loggia dei ,lanzi     ,uffizi ,build+s 
,,loggia ,,dei ,,lanzi4     ,rape (     
,polyx5a1 ,/atu>y1 ,f$i    ,,uffizi     
,,gall]y4     ,wild ,bo>1 ,bronze     ,!
 ,gr9d]1 ,/atu>y1 #af? ,c5tury          
,,rome4     ,appian ,way & ,tomb (      
,cecilia ,metella     ,pyramid ( ,ce/ius
 & ,/4 ,paul ,gate     ,roman ,=um      
,=um ( ,trajan     ,ba?s ( ,c>acalla    

,colosseum     ,int]ior ( ,colosseum    
,pan!on     ,bridge ( ,/4 ,angelo &     
,tomb ( ,hadrian     ,/4 ,pet]'s &      
,vatican     ,int]ior ( ,/4 ,pet]'s     
,romulus & ,remus    ,,vatican ,,gall]y4
     ,transfiguration1 ,pa9t+1 ,raphael 
,la ,ball]9a1 ,/atu>y1 ,canova          
,laocoonte1 ,/atu>y    ,,naples4        
,tol$o ,/reet 7,in/antane\s7    ,,m\nt  
,,vesuvius4     ,crat]    ,,pompeii4    
,/reet ( ,tombs     ,civil ,=um         
,,isl& ,,( ,,capri4     ,g5]al ,view &  
,l&+    ,,isl& ,,( ,,is*ia4     ,ca/ello
  ,,egypt4   ,,alex&ria4     ,h>bor     
,place ( ,mehemet ,ali    ,,cairo4      
,citadel     ,mosque ( ,mohamm$ ',ali   
,/reet ,sc5e     ,palace ( ,gezireh     
,on ,camel-,back   ,pyramids ( ,gizeh   
,corn] ,view ( ! ,great ,pyramid   ,!   
,sphynx   ,9 ,c5tral ,africa    ,,suez  
,,canal4     ,l&+ on ,suez ,canal       
7,in/antane\s7     ,po/ ,(fice1 ,suez   
,,pale/9e4   ,yaffa or ,jaffa           
,,j]usalem4     ,g5]al ,view ( ,j]usalem
     ,wail+ ,place ( ! ,jews     ,/reet 

,sc5e    ,g>d5 ( ,ge?semane   ,be?lehem 
,dead ,sea   ,naz>e?   ,jacob's ,well   
,,syria4   ,beyr\?   ,great ,mosque1    
,damascus   ,ba'albek   ,mecca  ,,india4
   ,kalbadevie ,road1 ,bombay   ,b5>es  
,tropical ,sc5]y   ,hea!n ,temple       
,royal ,obs]vatory  ,,*9a4   ,wong ,tai 
,k5  ,,s&wi* ,,isl&s4   ,typical ,sc5e  
,,alaska4   ,sitka   ,totem ,poles      
,,canada4   ,p>liam5t ,build+s  ,,unit$ 
,,/ates4    ,,san ,,francisco4          
,gold5 ,gate     ,m>ket ,/reet1 ,san    
,francisco    ,,yosemite ,,valley4      
,g5]al ,view     ,glaci] ,po9t          
,mirror ,lake     ,big ,tree    ,,salt  
,,lake ,,city4     ,great ,mormon       
,temple    ,,yell[/one ,,national ,,p>k4
     ,pulpit ,t]race     ,obsidian      
,cliff     ,mammo? ,pa9t ,pots     ,old 
,fai?ful ,geys]     ,yell[/one ,lake &  
,hot ,spr+s     ,yell[/one ,falls       
,gr& ,caon ( ! ,yell[/one    ,,colorado4
     ,animas ,caon     ,gr& ,caon ( !   
,arkansas ,riv]     ,m\nta9 ( ! ,holy   
,cross     ,manit\ & ,pike's ,peak      

,summit ( ,pike's ,peak     ,gateway to 
! ,g>d5 ( ! ,gods     ,ca!dral ,spires  
,life 9 ,oklahoma   ,indian ,wigwam1    
,indian ,t]ritory   ,/ate ,/reet1       
,*icago1 ,ill4   ,niag>a ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4
   ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4
    ,,new ,,york4     ,p>k ,r[          
,brooklyn ,bridge     ,elevat$ ,railroad
     ,/atue ( ,lib]ty    ,,philadelphia4
     ,*e/nut ,/reet     ,m>ket ,/reet   
,,/4 ,,augu/9e1 ,,fla4     ,=t ,san     
,m>co     ,ponce de ,leon    ,,wa%+ton1 
,d4 ,c4     ,! ,capitol     ,:ite ,h\se 
,illu/ration3 ,,bl>ney ,,ca/le1         
,,irel&4--,"h are obs]v$ ! ru9s ( a     
fam\s old =tress1 visit$ by ?\s&s (     
t\ri/s e ye>1 on acc\nt ( a tradition   
:i* has be5 atta*$ = c5turies to "o ( ! 
/ones us$ 9 build+ ! ca/le4 ,its walls  
are #abj feet high & #ah feet ?ick2 b x 
is pr9cipally not$ = ! ,bl>ney ,/one1   
:i* is said to be end[$ ) ! prop]ty (   
communicat+ to ^? :o kiss its poli%$    
surface1 ! gift ( g5tle1 ins9uat+ spee*4
 ,! triangul> /one is #bj feet f ! top1 

& conta9s ?is inscription3 ,cormack     
,mac,carthy1 ,=tis me fi]i fecit ,a4 ,d4
 #addf4  ,illu/ration3 ,,lakes ,,(      
,,kill>ney1 ,,irel&4--,^! are ?ree      
connect$ lakes1 ne> ! c5tre ( ,c\nty    
,k]ry4 ,! l>ge/ conta9s ?irty isl&s1 &  
cov]s an area ( fifte5 squ>e miles4 ,!  
beautiful sc5]y along ! lakes consi/s 9 
! gracefulness ( ! m\nta9 outl9es & !   
ri* & v>i$ color+s ( ! wood$ %ores4 ,"h 
! behold] falt]s1 & 8 _s is ov]aw$ z 9 a
 dream1 :ile he contemplates ! p[] &    
gr&eur ( ! ,creator4 ,! lakes are visit$
 by ?\s&s ( t\ri/s annually4 ,! above   
photograph gives a g5]al view ( !m4     
,illu/ration3 ,,dubl91 ,,irel&4--,dubl91
 ! capital & *ief city ( ,irel&1 is !   
c5tre ( ! political1 ecclesia/ical1     
educational1 comm]cial1 milit>y &       
railroad ent]prises ( ! k+dom4 ,x is !  
resid5ce ( ! ,"l ,lieut5ant ( ,irel&1 & 
x claims a high antiquity1 hav+ be5 9   
exi/5ce s9ce ! "t ( ,ptolemy4 ,9 ! n9?  
c5tury x 0 tak5 by ! ,danes1 :o held    
sway = ov] two hundr$ ye>s4 ,9 #aafi x 0

 tak5 back by ! ,engli%1 & sev5 ye>s    
lat]1 its hi/ory began to be id5tifi$ ) 
t ( ,irel&4 ,! city is divid$ into two  
p>ts by ! ,liffey1 :i* is spann$ by n9e 
bridges4 ,?is photograph repres5ts      
,sackville /reet1 "o ( its pr9cipal     
?or\ghf>es4  ,illu/ration3 ,,giant',s   
,,causeway1 ,,irel&4--,! ,giant's       
,causeway d]ives its "n f a my?ical     
leg5d1 repres5t+ x to be ! comm5cem5t ( 
a road to be con/ruct$ by giants across 
! *annel f ,irel& to ,scotl&4 ,x is a   
sort ( pi] or promontory ( column>      
basalt1 project+ f ! nor? coa/ (        
,antrim1 ,irel&1 into ! ,nor? ,sea4 ,x  
is divid$ by :9-dykes into ! ,little    
,causeway1 ! ,middle or ,honeycomb      
,causeway "h repres5t$1 & ! ,gr&        
,causeway4 ,! pill>s v>y 9 diamet] f #ae
 to #bj in*es1 & 9 height1 f #aj to #bj 
feet4 ,x is a mo/ curi\s =mation4       
,illu/ration3 ,,municipal ,,build+s1    
,,glasg[1 ,,scotl&4--,glasg[ is "o ( !  
be/ gov]n$ cities 9 ,great ,brita91 &   
has a broad1 bold & enlight5$ policy t  

conduces to ! heal?1 com=t & advancem5t 
( its citiz5s4 ,?is photograph repres5ts
 its municipal build+s & a /atue ( ,sir 
,walt] ,scott4 ,! build+ is l>ge &      
impos+1 & ( a mix$ /yle ( ar*itecture4  
,x 0 erect$ 9 #ahfj1 at a co/ ( ne>ly   
half a million doll>s1 & has a t[] #baj 
feet high4 ,! ,po/ ,(fice1 ,bank (      
,scotl&1 ,t[n ,hall1 ,ex*ange & ,rev5ue 
,build+s are close by4  ,illu/ration3   
,,lo* ,,lomond1 ,,scotl&4--,"h is       
pres5t$ ! l>ge/ &1 9 _m respects1 ! mo/ 
beautiful ( ! ,scotti% ,lakes2 x is     
ne>ly tw5ty-five miles long1 & f "o to  
five miles wide4 ,its beauty is enhanc$ 
by ! num]\s wood$ isl&s1 among :i* !    
/eam] ?reads its way4 ,"s ( ! isl&s are 
( consid]able size1 &1 by _! craggy &   
wood$ features1 add greatly to ! sc5ic  
beauty ( ! lake4 ,lo* ,lomond is        
unque/ionably ! pride ( ,scotti% ,lakes4
 ,x exce$s all o!rs 9 ext5t & v>iety (  
sc5]y4  ,illu/ration3 ,,=? ,,bridge1    
,,scotl&4--,?is bridge1 cross+ ! ,fir? (
 ,=?1 is pron\nc$ ! l>ge/ /ructure 9 !  

_w1 & is ! mo/ /rik+ feat yet a*iev$ 9  
bridge-build+4 ,x is #hbif feet long1   
#ced feet high1 & co/ #ab1ejj1jjj4 ,x 0 
begun 9 #ahhc1 & complet$ 9 #ahij4 ,x is
 built on ! cantilev] & c5tral gird]    
sy/em1 ! pr9ciple ( :i* is t ( /able    
equilibrium1 its own weight help+ to    
balance x m firmly 9 position4 ,ea* ( ! 
ma9 spans is #agjj feet long1 & ! deepe/
 f\ndations are #hh feet4 ,! weight ( ! 
metal 9 ! bridge is #ej1jjj tons4       
,illu/ration3 ,,balmoral ,,ca/le1       
,,scotl&4--,! above-nam$ ca/le1 ! summ] 
resid5ce ( ,que5 ,victoria1 is mo/      
beautifully & romantically situat$ 9 !  
,highl&s ( ,scotl&4 ,! ,que5 has two o!r
 resid5ces1 "o on ! ,isle ( ,wight1 & ! 
o!r at ,w9dsor2 b ! ,highl& home is !   
mo/ pleasant & attractive4 ,! surr\nd+  
c\ntry is ri* 9 de]1 gr\se & e o!r k9d (
 game4 ,! place is always gu>d$ by      
soldi]s1 & no "o is all[$ to come ne> ! 
ca/le1 unless by special p]mission4 ,!  
cairns :i* cr[n mo/ ( ! hills1 are      
memorials ( fri5ds ( ,h] ,maje/y4 ,!    

prop]ty cov]s =ty ?\s& acres1 ?ree-f\r?s
 ( :i* is a de] =e/4  ,illu/ration3     
,,clam%ell ,,cave1 ,,isl& ,,( ,,/affa1  
,,scotl&4--,! above cave is locat$ on ! 
,isl& ( ,/affa1 9 ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 n 
f> f ! ma9l&4 ,x is "o ( ^? rem>kable   
isl&s ^: wond]s h be5 kn[n to ! _w = b  
little ov] a hundr$ ye>s4 ,! "n ( ! isl&
 signifies columns or /aves4 ,at "o "t !
 coa/ 0 visit$ by viol5t volcanic       
actions1 ! effects ( :i* may /ill be    
trac$4 ,/affa is a little ov] a ?ird ( a
 mile 9 circumf]5ce1 & pres5ts a mo/    
int]e/+ field ( /udy = geologi/s4       
,illu/ration3 ,,ed9burgh1               
,,scotl&4--,ed9burgh1 ! capital (       
,scotl&1 & "o ( ! mo/ romantically      
beautiful cities 9 ,europe1 is f9ely    
situat$ ne> ! ,fir? ( ,=?4 ,x is ! seat 
( ! adm9i/rative & judicial au?orities (
 ,scotl&1 & is r5[n$ = its excell5t     
univ]sity & s*ools4 ,its au!ntic hi/ory 
beg9s 9 #fag1 :5 ,k+ ,edw9 e/abli%$ a   
=tress on ! ,ca/le ,rock4 ,x consi/s ( !
 picturesque ,old ,t[n1 famili> to all  

read]s ( ,walt] ,scott1 & ( ! ,new ,t[n1
 />t$ 9 #agfh4 ,?is photograph repres5ts
 ,pr9cess ,/reet1 ! pr9cipal ?or\ghf>e (
 ! ,new ,t[n1 ,scott's ,monum5t1 &      
,ca/le ,rock1 ! anci5t seat ( ,scotti%  
,k+s4  ,illu/ration3 ,,liv]pool1        
,,engl&4--,liv]pool1 ! second city &    
pr9cipal seaport ( ,engl&1 is situat$ on
 ! "r bank ( ! ,m]sey1 ?ree miles f !   
sea1 & "o hundr$ & eighty-five miles f  
,london4 ,! t[n 0 f\nd$ by ,k+ ,john 9  
#abjg1 & its gr[? = sev]al c5turies 0 v 
sl[4 ,9 #ahdj regul> /eamboat           
communications 7 op5$ betwe5 x & ,new   
,york1 :i*1 no d\bt1 e/abli%$ ! mod]n   
pre-em95ce ( ,liv]pool4 ,! importation (
 raw cotton f ! ,unit$ ,/ates =ms !     
great /aple ( its comm]ce4 ,! docks :i* 
flank ! ,m]sey = a di/ance ( sev5 miles1
 & give employm5t to ?\s&s ( workm51 are
 its mo/ *>act]i/ic & int]e/+ sights4   
,illu/ration3 ,,lime ,,/reet1           
,,liv]pool1 ,,engl&4--,situat$ on !     
nor?-ea/ side ( ! ,riv] ,m]sey1 ne> its 
m\?1 /&s ! above city1 ext5d+ = miles   

along its banks4 ,liv]pool is not$ = !  
magnific5ce ( its docks1 :i* are        
con/ruct$ on ! mo/ /up5d\s scale1 & said
 to cov]1 includ+ ! dry docks1 ov] two  
hundr$ acres1 & fifte5 miles ( quays4   
,its pr9cipal av5ue is ,lime ,/reet1    
repres5t$ by ! above picture4 ,! l>ge   
build+ 9 ! c5tre is ! ,t]m9al ,hotel1 ( 
! ,london & ,nor?we/]n ,railway1 :i*    
/>ts f ! re> ( ! build+4  ,illu/ration3 
,,man*e/]1 ,,engl&4--,man*e/] is ! *ief 
indu/rial t[n ( ,engl&1 & ! great       
metropolis ( ! manufactur]s ( cotton1   
silk1 wor/$1 *emicals & ma*9]y4 ,mo/ ( !
 /reets ( ! old] p>ts ( ! city are n>r[1
 b ^? 9 ! new p>ts are wide &           
attractive4 ,! above picture repres5ts  
,piccadilly ,/reet1 :i* is "o ( !       
pr9cipal ?or\ghf>es4 ,?is av5ue is      
bord]$ by magnific5t %ops1 & always     
cr[d$ ) p$e/rians1 omnibuses & o!r      
vehicles4 ,! /atue 9 ! c5tre is t ( !   
,duke ( ,well+ton4 ,piccadilly has a v  
animat$ appe>ance4  ,illu/ration3       
,,w>wick ,,ca/le1 ,,w>wick1             

,,engl&4--,w>wick1 a qua9t old t[n )    
#ab1jjj inhabitants1 is situat$ on a    
hill ris+ f ! ,riv] ,avon1 & is a place 
( great antiquity1 hav+ be5 orig9ally a 
,briti% settlem5t1 & aft]w>d occupi$ by 
! ,romans4 ,leg5d goes back = its       
f\ndation to ,k+ ,cymbel9e1 & ! ye> "o4 
,on a comm&+ position1 ov]look+ ! ,avon1
 /&s ,w>wick ,ca/le1 ! anci5t & /ately  
home ( ! ,e>l ( ,w>wick4 ,! ,ca/le1 :i* 
is "o ( ! f9e/ & mo/ picturesque feudal 
resid5ces 9 ,engl&1 dates f ,saxon      
times4  ,illu/ration3 ,,%akespe>e',s    
,,h\se1 ,,/rat=d-,,on-,,avon1           
,,engl&4--,( all ! anci5t ca/les &      
monum5ts ?r\gh\t ,engl&1 ! h\se (       
,william ,%akespe>e at ,/rat=d-on-,avon 
is p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ & popul>4 ,!    
*ief lit]>y glory ( ! _w 0 born "h1     
,april #bc1 #aefd1 :i* gives 8 home an  
anci5t & not$ hi/ory4 ,! h\se has       
und]gone v>i\s vicissitudes s9ce 8 "t1 b
 ! framework rema9s sub/antially        
unalt]$4 ,! rooms to ! "r on ! gr\nd    
floor conta9 int]e/+ collections (      

portraits1 e>ly editions ( 8            
productions1 8 s*ool-desk & signet-r+4  
,! g>d5 back ( ! h\se conta9s a         
selection ( ! trees & fl[]s m5tion$ 9 8 
plays4  ,illu/ration3 ,,brighton1       
,,engl&4--,?is t[n1 situat$ on ! ,engli%
 ,*annel1 =ty-sev5 miles f ,london1     
ext5ds ?ree miles along ! coa/1 & is    
front$ by a sea wall sixty feet 9       
height1 :i* =ms a magnific5t prom5ade4  
,! t[n has elegant /reets1 squ>es &     
t]races1 built 9 a /yle equal to ! be/ 9
 ! metropolis4 ,its fi%]ies furni% l>ge 
quantities ( fi% to ! ,london m>ket4 ,9 
! "t ( ,george ,,iii41 x 0 a m]e        
fi%+-village2 b s9ce 8 day1 x has become
 ! mo/ fa%ionable wat]+-place 9 ,engl&4 
,illu/ration3 ,,osborne ,,h\se1 ,,isle  
,,( ,,wight1 ,,engl&4--,?is is !        
resid5ce ( ! ,que5 ( ,engl&2 x 0        
complet$ 9 #ahde1 & is locat$ ne> ,c[es4
 ,! latt] t[n is on ! nor? coa/ ( !     
,isle ( ,wight1 directly opposite to !  
m\? ( ,s\?ampton ,wat]4 ,! port betwe5  
!m is ! *ief "o ( ! isl&1 & ! headqu>t]s

 ( ! ,royal ,ya*t ,squadron4 ,beh9d !   
h>bor ! h\ses rise picturesquely on     
g5tle wood$ slopes1 & num]\s villas     
adorn ! vic9ity4 ,magnific5t resid5ces &
 ca/les are locat$ ne> by1 ( :i* ! above
 picture is a fair repres5tation4       
,illu/ration3 ,,hampton ,,c\rt ,,palace1
 ,,hampton ,,c\rt1 ,,engl&4--,?is palace
 0 built by ,c>d9al ,wolsey1 ! favorite 
( ,h5ry ,,viii41 & 0 aft]w>ds pres5t$ to
 ! ,k+4 ,x 0 subsequ5tly occupi$ by     
,cromwell1 ! ,/ew>ts1 ,william ,,iii41 &
 ! fir/ two mon>*s ( ! ,h\se ( ,hanov]4 
,s9ce ! "t ( ,george ,,ii41 ,hampton    
,c\rt has ceas$ to be a royal resid5ce1 
& is n[ inhabit$ by v>i\s p5sion]s ( !  
,cr[n4 ,! v>i\s rooms t 7 =m]ly occupi$ 
by ! royalty1 are n[ devot$ to ! use (  
an ext5sive picture-gall]y4             
,illu/ration3 ,,gre5wi* ,,obs]vatory1   
,,gre5wi*1 ,,engl&4--,gre5wi*           
,obs]vatory is situat$ six miles f      
,london ,bridge1 on a hill "o hundr$ &  
eighty feet high1 9 ! c5tre ( ,gre5wi*  
,p>k4 ,x m>ks ! m]idian f :i* ,engli%   

a/ronom]s make _! calculations4 ,!      
correct "t = ! :ole ( ,engl& is settl$  
"h e day at "o o'clock ,p4 ,m42 a l>ge  
color$ ball desc5ds _m feet1 :5 ! "t is 
telegraph$ to ! mo/ important t[ns      
?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,a /&>d clock1 ) !    
h\rs numb]$ f "o to tw5ty-f\r1 & v>i\s  
/&>d measures ( l5g? are plac$ outside !
 entrance1 pro bono publico4            
,illu/ration3 ,,w9dsor ,,ca/le1         
,,engl&4--,?is favorite seat ( !        
sov]eigns ( ,great ,brita91 tw5ty miles 
f ,london1 at ! t[n ( ,w9dsor1 0        
frequ5tly ext5d$ "u succe$+ mon>*s1     
until f9ally1 9 ! reign ( ,que5         
,victoria1 :5 x 0 complet$ at a total   
co/ ( #d1ejj1jjj1 x became "o ( ! l>ge/ 
& mo/ magnific5t royal resid5ces 9 ! _w4
 ,! ,saxon k+s resid$ on ?is spot long  
be=e ! ca/le 0 f\nd$ by ,william !      
,conqu]or4 ,9 its vaults are buri$ !    
sov]eigns ( ,engl&1 includ+ ,h5ry       
,,viii4 & ,*>les ,i4 ,! int]ior ( !     
ca/le is ri*ly & pr(usely decorat$1 &   
fill$ ) pictures1 /atu>y1 bronze        

monum5ts & o!r works ( art4             
,illu/ration3 ,,gre5 ,,draw+-,,room1    
,,w9dsor ,,ca/le1 ,,engl&4--,w9dsor     
,ca/le1 ! resid5ce ( ! ,que51 is "o ( ! 
l>ge/ & mo/ magnific5t royal resid5ces 9
 ! _w4 ,! int]ior ( ! draw+-room1 :i* is
 fitt$ up at an exp5se ( _m hundr$ ?\s& 
doll>s1 gives a p]son a fair conception 
( ! elaborate & arti/ic display to be   
witness$ 9 num]\s o!r ap>tm5ts4 ,!      
int]ior1 beautifi$ ) color$ m>ble1      
mosaics1 sculpture1 /a9$-glass1 preci\s 
/ones1 & gild+ 9 extraord9>y pr(usion & 
ri*ness1 places x among ! f9e/ ca/les 9 
all ,europe4  ,illu/ration3 ,,midl&     
,,gr& ,,hotel ,,& ,,/4 ,,pancras        
,,/ation1 ,,london1 ,,engl&4--,! ro( (  
?is /ation is said to be ! mo/ ext5sive 
9 ! _w1 be+ sev5 hundr$ feet long1 two  
hundr$ & =ty feet span1 & "o hundr$ &   
fifty feet high4 ,! hotel is ! t]m9us ( 
! railway by ! same "n1 & is "o ( !     
l>ge/ 9 ,london4 ,travel]s arriv+ at !  
metropolis ( ! _w1 by almo/ any ( ! l>ge
 railway l9es1 c secure hotel           

accommodations at ! end ( _! j\rney 9 ! 
,railway ,hotel4  ,illu/ration3 ,,!     
,,/r&1 ,london1 ,engl&4--,?is /reet has 
be5 s nam$ f its skirt+ ! bank ( ! riv]1
 :i* is conceal$ "h by ! build+s4 ,x is 
v broad1 conta9s _m h&some %ops1 & is ! 
great art]y ( traffic betwe5 ! city & ! 
,we/ ,end1 & "o ( ! busie/ & mo/        
important ?or\ghf>es 9 ,london4 ,x 0    
unpav$ d[n to #aecb4 ,at t p]iod _m ( ! 
mansions ( ! nobility & hi]>*y /ood "h1 
) g>d5s /ret*+ d[n to ! ,?ames4 ,!      
build+s on ! left are ! new ,law ,c\rts4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,*eapside1 ,,london1   
,,engl&4--,?is /reet is 9 ! v he>t ( !  
city & is especially not$ = its s-call$ 
*eap %ops1 :]e is (f]$ = sale e v>iety (
 articles1 f a locomotive to a too?pick4
 ,! /reet is con/antly s cr[d$ )        
vehicles1 t p$e/rians are (t5 delay$ f  
fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes 9 cross+ f "o    
side to ! o!r4 ,x af=ds mu* pleasure to 
/roll along ,*eapside & wat* ! cr[ds (  
p$e/rians & vehicles pass up & d[n !    
av5ue4 ,! build+s l9+ ,*eapside h an    

impos+ appe>ance1 & are ( uni=m         
ar*itecture4  ,illu/ration3 ,,/4        
,,paul',s ,,ca!dral1 ,,london1          
,,engl&4--,conspicu\s1 on a slight      
em95ce 9 ! v he>t ( ,london1 /&s !      
above-nam$ ca!dral1 ! mo/ prom95t build+
 ( ! city4 ,x is claim$ t 9 ,pagan times
 a temple ( ,diana occupi$ ! site ( ,/4 
,paul's4 ,! pres5t *ur* 0 begun 9 #afge1
 op5$ = div9e s]vice 9 #afig1 & complet$
 9 #agaj4 ,! bulk ( its co/1 am\nt+ to  
ne>ly #d1jjj1jjj1 0 defray$ by a tax on 
coal4 ,! *ur* resembles ,/4 ,pet]'s at  
,rome1 & is 9 ! =m ( a ,lat9 cross1 five
 hundr$ feet long & "o hundr$ & eighte5 
feet wide4  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bank ,,(
 ,,engl&1 ,,london1 ,,engl&4--,?is      
irregul>1 isolat$1 "o-/ory build+1 cov]+
 an area ( f\r acres1 & locat$ 9 !      
c5tral "p ( ,london1 is ! l>ge/ & mo/   
p[]ful in/itution 9 ! _w4 ,x is ! only  
bank 9 ,london :i* has ! p[] to issue   
pap] money2 its av]age daily bus9ess is 
ov] #aj1jjj1jjj4 ,x employs #ijj p1 &   
usually c>ries 9 its vaults f           

#ge1jjj1jjj to #ajj1jjj1jjj1 :ile !re   
are f #ajj to #abe1jjj1jjj doll>s ( !   
bank's notes 9 circulation4 ,on ! "r is 
! ,/ock ,ex*ange1 giv+ #ajjj /ock brok]s
 daily employm5t4  ,illu/ration3 ,,t[]  
,,( ,,london1 ,,london1 ,,engl&4--,?is  
celebrat$ =tress is locat$ on ! ,?ames 9
 ! ea/]n portion ( ,london4 ,"s ( ! mo/ 
int]e/+ ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,old ,_w   
are clu/]$ ar\nd ^! anci5t relics4 ,"s  
say ! t[] 0 comm5c$ by ,julius ,cs>1    
:ile mo/ writ]s affirm t ,william !     
,conqu]or comm5c$ x 9 #ajgh4 ,!         
t[]-walls enclose ab\t twelve acres1 on 
! outside ( :i* is a deep dit* or moat1 
=m]ly fill$ ) wat]4 ,! t[] 0 = a "t a   
resid5ce = ! ,mon>*s ( ,engl&2 aft]w>ds 
a prison = ,/ate crim9als4              
,illu/ration3 ,,london ,,bridge1        
,,london1 ,,engl&4--,c5turies ago !     
,saxons & ,romans erect$ v>i\s wood5    
bridges ov] ! ,?ames1 on ! site ( !     
pres5t ,london ,bridge2 b !y 7 all c>ri$
 away by floods1 or de/roy$ by fire4    
,?is bridge 0 begun 9 #ahbe & complet$ 9

 #ahca at a co/ ( #aj1jjj1jjj4 ,!       
bridge1 #ibh feet long & #ed feet wide1 
is borne by five granite ar*es1 t 9 !   
c5tre hav+ a span ( #aeb feet4 ,!       
lamp-po/s on ! bridge are ca/ ( ! metal 
( ,fr5* cannons captur$ 9 ! ,p59sul>    
,w>4 ,ab\t #ae1jjj vehicles & #ajj1jjj  
p$e/rians cross ! bridge daily4         
,illu/ration3 ,,we/m9/] ,,abbey1        
,,london1 ,,engl&4--,! ,abbey1 built 9 !
 =m ( cross1 f\r hundr$ feet long & two 
hundr$ feet wide1 is ( ,go?ic design1 & 
0 f\nd$ 9 #faj ,a4 ,d4   ,t antique     
pile1   ,:]e royal heads receive ! sacr$
 gold2   ,x give !m cr[ns1 & does _!    
a%es keep2   ,!re made l gods1 l mortals
 !re !y sleep1   ,mak+ ! circle ( _!    
reign complete4   ,^! sons ( ,empire1   
:]e !y rise1 !y set4  ,illu/ration3     
,,h\ses ,,( ,,p>liam5t1 ,,london1       
,,engl&4--,^! edifices =m a s+le pile ( 
build+s ( ! ri*e/ ,go?ic /yle4 ,!y cov] 
ov] eight acres1 conta9 "o hundr$       
/air-cases1 elev5 hundr$ ap>tm5ts1 & co/
 #ae1jjj1jjj4 ,!y are p]haps ! mo/ co/ly

 national /ructure 9 ! _w4 ,! ,que5     
ent]s on ! op5+ & prorogation (         
,p>liam5t ?r\gh ! ,victoria ,t[]1 :i* is
 ?ree hundr$ & =ty feet high4 ,! impos+ 
riv]-front ( ! edifice is n9e hundr$ &  
=ty feet long1 & adorn$ ) /atues (      
,engli% mon>*s1 f ,william ! ,conqu]or  
to ,que5 ,victoria4  ,illu/ration3      
,,trafalg> ,,squ>e1 ,,london1           
,,engl&4--,"h is "o ( ! f9e/ op5 places 
9 ,london4 ,?is great squ>e1 :i* is a   
c5tre ( attraction1 0 d$icat$ to ,"l    
,nelson1 & commemorates 8 glori\s dea? 9
 ! battle ( ,trafalg>1 ,octob] #bb1     
#ahje1 ga9$ by ! ,engli% fleet ov] !    
comb9$ armam5ts ( ,france & ,spa94 ,9 ! 
c5tre ( ! ,squ>e1 rises to ! memory ( ! 
great h]o1 a massive granite column1 "o 
hundr$ & fifty-f\r feet high1 & cr[n$ ) 
a /atue ( ,nelson4 ,at ! foot ( ! p$e/al
 is inscrib$ 8 la/ comm&1 ,engl& expects
 e man w d 8 duty4  ,illu/ration3       
,,buck+ham ,,palace1 ,,london1          
,,engl&4--,! above palace1 be+ n[ !     
,que5's resid5ce & occupy+ ! site (     

,buck+ham ,h\se1 0 erect$ 9 #agjc by !  
,duke ( ,buck+ham1 & pur*as$ by ,george 
,,iii4 ,8 successor remodel$ x 9 #ahbe1 
b x rema9$ vacant until #ahcg1 :5 x 0   
occupi$ by ,que5 ,victoria1 ^: resid5ce 
x has s9ce cont9u$ to be4 ,! palace n[  
=ms a quadrangle1 & is ?ree hundr$ &    
sixty feet long4 ,x conta9s a           
sculpture-gall]y1 a libr>y1 gre5        
draw+-room1 ?rone-room1 gr& saloon1 /ate
 ball-room1 picture-gall]y & private    
ap>tm5ts4  ,illu/ration3 ,,rott5 ,,r[1  
,,london1 ,,engl&4--,rott5 ,r[ is ! f9e/
 portion ( ,hyde ,p>k1 irrespectively ( 
! magnific5t gr\ps ( trees & expanses ( 
grass = :i* ,engli% p>ks /& pre-em95t4  
,! ,p>k is surr\nd$ by a h&some & l(ty  
iron rail+1 & provid$ ) n9e c>riage     
entrances4 ,9 ! spr+ & summ] !          
fa%ionable _w rides1 drives or walks    
?r\gh ! ,r[2 & 9 ! drives are se5       
unbrok5 files ( elegant equipages &     
high-br$ horses 9 h&some trapp+s mov+   
cont9ually1 presid$ ov] by sleek coa*m5 
& p[d]$ lackeys1 & occupi$ by "s ( ! mo/

 beautiful & exquisitely dress$ wom5 9 !
 _w4  ,illu/ration3 ,,alb]t ,,memorial1 
,,london1 ,,engl&4--,?is magnific5t     
monum5t to ,alb]t1 ! late ,pr9ce        
,consort1 0 erect$ by ! ,engli% nation  
at a co/ ( #fjj1jjj4 ,on a spaci\s      
plat=m1 to :i* granite /eps asc5d on ea*
 side1 rises a basem5t adorn$ ) reliefs 
9 m>ble1 repres5t+ arti/s ( e p]iod1    
poets4 musicians1 pa9t]s & sculptors4 ,9
 ! c5tre ( ! basem5t sits ! colossal    
bronze-gilt figure ( ,pr9ce ,alb]t4 ,!  
canopy t]m9ates at ! top 9 a ,go?ic     
spire1 ris+ 9 ?ree /ages & surm\nt$ by a
 cross4 ,! monum5t is "o hundr$ &       
sev5ty-five feet high1 & gorge\sly      
embelli%$ ) bronze & m>ble /atues1      
gild+s1 color$ /ones & mosaic4          
,illu/ration3 ,,antw]p1                 
,,belgium4--,antw]p1 ! capital ( a      
prov9ce ( its own "n1 /&s on ! "r bank (
 ! ,s*eldt4 ,x is /rongly =tifi$2 its   
walls & o!r def5ses completely encompass
 ! city on ! l& sides1 hav+ m ?an twelve
 miles ( massive ramp>ts4 ,! appe>ance (

 ,antw]p is exce$+ly picturesque1 an    
effect produc$ by its num]\s *ur*es1    
conv5ts1 magnific5t public build+s1 its 
elaborate & ext5sive =tifications1 !    
pr(usion ( beautiful trees1 & by !      
/ately antique-look+ h\ses :i* l9e its  
old] ?or\ghf>es4 ,( ! docks1 dock-y>ds &
 bas9s1 con/ruct$ by ,bonap>te at an    
exp5se ( #aj1jjj1jjj1 ! la/ only rema9s4
 ,its h>bor is "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! _w4      
,illu/ration3 ,,panoramic ,,view ,,(    
,,brussels1 ,,belgium4--,brussels1 !    
capitol ( ,belgium & ! resid5ce ( !     
royal family1 is situat$ ne>ly 9 ! c5tre
 ( ! ,k+dom4 ,! above picture pres5ts a 
g5]al view ( ! city1 ! tile ro(s ( !    
h\ses1 ) ! ,palace ( ,ju/ice loom+ up 9 
! backgr\nd4 ,?is /ately edifice1       
complet$ 9 #ahhc1 0 erect$ at an exp5se 
( ov] #aj1jjj1jjj4 ,?is high t[] ( m>ble
 =cibly sugge/s ! mighty /ructures (    
anci5t ,egypt or ,assyria1 & ! va/ am\nt
 ( en]gy sp5t 9 _! erection4            
,illu/ration3 ,,palace ,,( ,,! ,,k+1    
,,brussels1 ,,belgium4--,! above edifice

 orig9ally consi/$ ( two build+s1 :i* 7 
erect$ dur+ ! la/ c5tury4 ,^! 7 connect$
 by an int]v5+ /ructure1 & adorn$ 9     
#ahbg ) a ,cor9?ian colonnade4 ,x is "o 
( ! pr9cipal & notable build+s ( ! ,city
 ( ,brussels4 ,! int]ior conta9s a numb]
 ( ap>tm5ts h&somely fitt$ up1 & a great
 v>iety ( anci5t & mod]n pictures4 ,a   
flag hoi/$ on ! palace ann\nces !       
pres5ce ( ! ,k+4  ,illu/ration3 ,,b\rse1
 ,,brussels1 ,,belgium4--,9 ! c5tral    
portion ( ! ,city ( ,brussels on !      
,b\lev>d ,anspa*1 rises ! ,b\rse or ,new
 ,ex*ange1 an impos+ pile 9 ,l\is ,,xiv4
 /yle4 ,its va/ proportions & almo/     
excessive ri*ness ( ornam5tation comb9e 
to make ! build+ wor?y ( be+ ! comm]cial
 c5tre ( an important metropolis2 b x   
has be5 sadly disfigur$ by ! application
 ( a coat ( pa9t1 necessitat$ by !      
foible nature ( ! /one4 ,! pr9cipal     
faade is embelli%$ ) a ,cor9?ian        
colonnade1 to :i* !re is an asc5t (     
tw5ty /eps4  ,illu/ration3 ,,city       
,,hall1 ,,brussels1 ,,belgium4--,?is is 

by f> ! mo/ int]e/+ edifice 9 ! city1 & 
"o ( ! noble/ & mo/ beautiful build+s ( 
! k9d 9 ,belgium4 ,x is ( irregul>1     
quadrangul> =m1 "o hundr$ & n9ety-eight 
feet 9 l5g?1 & "o hundr$ & sixty-five   
feet 9 dep?1 & encloses a c\rt4 ,!      
pr9cipal faade is ( ,go?ic /yle1 & !    
graceful t[]1 :i*1 h[ev]1 = "s unexpla9$
 reason does n rise f ! c5tre ( !       
/ructure1 is ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty feet 9
 height4 ,! entire build+ dates back to 
! f\rte5? c5tury1 & is /ill occupi$ by  
municipal (fices4  ,illu/ration3        
,,ca!dral ,,( ,,/e4 ,,gudule4--,9 !     
c5tral "p ( ! ,city ( ,brussels1        
ov]look+ its l[] section1 is ! above    
edifice1 "o ( ! mo/ impos+ & mo/ anci5t 
,go?ic *ur*es 9 ,belgium4 ,x consi/s ( a
 nave & aisle1 hav+ a retro-*oir1 & deep
 bays1 resembl+ *apels4 ,x 0 built 9    
#abbj1 & has be5 9 con/ant use = #fgj   
ye>s4 ,:ile ! elem5ts ( "t are crumbl+  
its outside surface1 leav+ an abundance 
( dis9tegrat$ matt] at ! base ( its     
walls1 its int]ior is adorn$ ) f9e      

pa9t+s & kept 9 app>5tly good ord]4     
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,=bidd5 ,,book 7,,by 
,,ooms71 ,,academy ,,( ,,f9e ,,arts1    
,,brussels1 ,,belgium--,?is /rik+ pa9t+ 
by t celebrat$ arti/1 is a pleas+       
comm+l+ ( _m colors1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 are  
lo/ 9 ! photograph4 ,! picture repres5ts
 a private libr>y1 ! fa!r & daught]     
eag]ly dev\r+ ! cont5ts ( ! ,bible4     
,unexpect$ foot-/eps are he>d2 h5ce !   
fright5$ look ( bo?1 =1 9 ^? days1 read+
 ! ,bible 0 puni%$ by dea?4 ,! pa9t+ is 
a subject /udy = ! e>ne/ ,bible-read]4  
,illu/ration3 ,,s*ev5+51 ,,holl&4--,?is 
fam\s & popul> summ] resort is annually 
visit$ by ?\s&s ( p4 ,! s& is firm &    
smoo?1 & ! place possesses a great      
advantage ov] o!r wat]+-places on !     
,nor? ,sea1 hav+ ,! ,hague & woods 9    
close proximity1 ! latt] af=d+ pleasant 
& %ady walks4 ,:at appe> l wood5 po/s   
driv5 9 ! s& 9 ! above picture1 are     
wick]-basket *airs1 ) ro(s to keep (f ! 
sun4 ,scores ( canvas t5ts l9e ! %ore1 &
 ?\s&s ( p lie on ! bea* f e>ly morn+   

until late at night4  ,illu/ration3     
,,am/]dam1 ,,holl&4--,?is is ! l>ge/ &  
mo/ important city 9 ,holl&1 &          
con/itutionally its capital4 ,x /&s on a
 s(t1 wet gr\nd1 "u :i*1 at a dep? (    
fifty feet1 is a b$ ( s&4 ,into ?is s&  
piles are driv51 on :i* build+s are     
re>$1 a fact :i* gave rise to ! je/ (   
,erasmus ( ,rott]dam1 t he knew a city  
^: inhabitants dwelt on tops ( trees l  
rooks4 ,! city is surr\nd$ by grassy    
mead[s4 ,am/]dam ranks mu* high] z a    
trad+ ?an z a manufactur+ t[n4 ,!       
photograph repres5ts ,/4 ,anto9e ,/reet4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,w9d-,,mill1           
,,holl&4--,millions wond] t a c\ntry s  
situat$ z ,holl& c exi/2 & ! /rang] is  
almo/ unable to decide :e!r l& or wat]  
pr$om9ates4 ,^? brok5 & compress$ coa/s1
 ^? deep bays & great riv]s1 ! lakes &  
canals cross+ ea* o!r1 all comb9e to    
give ! idea ( a c\ntry t may at any "t  
dis9tegrate & disappe>4 ,9 ! ?irte5?    
c5tury ! sea broke ! dykes 9 nor!rn     
,holl& & =m$ ! ,zuyd] ,zee1 de/roy+ _m  

villages & caus+ ! dea? ( eighty ?\s& p4
 ,to dra9 ! lakes1 & save ! c\ntry f    
de/ructive inundations1 ! ,holl&]s press
 ! air into _! s]vice1 :i* is repres5t$ 
by ! above w9d-mill4  ,illu/ration3     
,,*ri/ians&1 ,,norway4--,*ri/ians& is ! 
l>ge/ t[n on ! s\? coa/ ( ! ,sc&9avian  
p59sula1 & ! resid5ce ( "o ( ! five     
,norwegian ,bi%ops4 ,x is beautifully   
situat$ at ! m\? ( ! ,ott]aa1 on !      
,*ri/ians& ,fjord4 ,! t[n is nam$ aft]  
,*ri/ian ,,iv41 by :om x 0 f\nd$ 9      
#afda1 & is regul>ly laid out ) /reets  
int]sect+ at "r angles4 ,x possesses an 
excell5t h>bor1 at :i* all ! coa/+      
/eam]s ( t c\ntry1 & ^? f ,engl&1       
,g]many & ,d5m>k1 arrive regul>ly4      
,illu/ration3 ,,b]g51 ,,norway4--,b]g5  
is "o ( ! olde/ & mo/ picturesque cities
 9 ,norway4 ,! g5]al aspect ( ! t[n is  
mod]n1 ?\gh traces ( its antiquity are n
 want+4 ,! old] "p adjo9s ! spaci\s     
h>bor call$ ,vaag51 & spreads ov] !     
rocky heights at ! base ( ! ,florfjeld &
 ov] ! p59sula ( ,mordanes4 ,fi% has    

always be5 ! /aple commodity ( ! city1 &
 x is /ill ! greate/ fi% m>ket 9        
,norway4 ,! above picture repres5ts !   
h>bor1 ) vegetable-p$dl]s & _! portable 
/alls 9 ! =egr\nd4  ,illu/ration3       
,,ni]dfjord1 ,,gudvnag51 ,,norway4--,"o 
( ! gr&e/ & mo/ picturesque ( ! _m      
,fjords on ! brok5 coa/ ( ,norway1 is   
repres5t$ "h4 ,enorm\s wat]falls1 =m$ by
 ! melt+ sn[s & ice1 are se5 along !    
/eep precipices ( ! high m\nta9s on e   
side4 ,! m\nta9s on bo? sides ( ?is inl&
 sea1 rise to ! height ( sev]al ?\s&    
feet4 ,! /eam] 9 ! =egr\nd is "o ( ! _m 
t make weekly trips betwe5 ,*ri/ians& & 
,hamm]fe/1 ! latt] be+ ! mo/ nor!rn t[n 
9 ! _w4 ,dur+ ! summ] season1 ^! /eam]s 
are cr[d$ ) t\ri/s to _! utmo/ capacity4
 ,?is fact ev9ces ! gr&eur ( ! place1 & 
! int]e/ x mu/ af=d to travell]s4       
,illu/ration3 ,,nor? ,,cape1            
,,norway4--,?is cape 7#ga #aj' ,n4      
,lat471 consi/+ ( a d>k gray slate-rock1
 furr[$ ) deep clefts1 ris+ abruptly f !
 sea1 is usually consid]$ ! mo/ nor!rn  

po9t ( ,europe2 its height is ab\t n9e  
hundr$ & sev5ty feet4 ,! nor!rn sun1    
creep+ at midnight 7! "t ?is photograph 
0 tak57 along ! horizon1 & !            
immeasurable ocean 9 app>5t contact ) ! 
skies1 =m ! gr&e/ outl9es & ! mo/       
sublime pictures to ! a/oni%$ behold]4  
,"h1 z 9 a dream1 ! _m c>es & anxieties 
( re/less mortals seem to culm9ate4     
,illu/ration3 ,,mosc[1                  
,,russia4--,mosc[1 :i* 0 at "o "t !     
capital ( all ,russia & home ( ! ,cz>1 0
 f\nd$ ne>ly sev5 hundr$ & fifty ye>s   
ago4 ,! pr9cipal ev5t 9 its hi/ory is ! 
burn+ ( x 9 #ahab1 = ! purpose (        
dislodg+ ! ,fr5* f _! w9t] qu>t]s dur+ !
 ,fr5* & ,russian w>4 ,! city is built )
 /range irregul>ities1 hav+ /reets &    
num]\s paltry lanes op5+ all at once    
into magnific5t squ>es4 ,x has a great  
numb] ( *ur*es & mona/]ies1 & a         
univ]sity ) #ajjj /ud5ts4 ,?is          
photograph repres5ts ! pr9cipal portion 
( ! city & ! riv] ,moskva1 on ^: bank x 
is situat$1 ) ! ,kreml9 9 ! di/ance1    

pi]c+ ! air ) its l(ty spires4          
,illu/ration3 ,,w9t] ,,palace1 ,,/4     
,,pet]sburg1 ,,russia4--,?is magnific5t 
palace is front$ ) a l>ge numb] (       
,cor9?ian columns1 :i* give x a =midable
 yet beautiful appe>ance4 ,on ! top1    
along ! front & sides1 x is adorn$ by a 
numb] ( /atues repres5t+ v>i\s emblems &
 figures 9 ,russian hi/ory4 ,! mo/      
beautiful ap>tm5t ( ! edifice is !      
,salle ,blan*e1 or :ite saloon1 :]e !   
c\rt ftes are held4 ,! room conta9s !   
cr[n jewels ( ,russia1 & is decorat$ 9  
pure :ite & gold4 ,! effect is mo/      
dazzl+4  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral1   
,,cologne1 ,,g]many4--,?is build+ ju/ly 
excites ! admiration ( e behold]1 & is  
probably ! mo/ magnific5t ,go?ic edifice
 9 ! _w4 ,x /&s on a slight em95ce1     
sixty feet above ! ,rh9e4 ,z e>ly z !   
n9? c5tury1 an ,episcopal *ur* occupi$ !
 site1 b ! inhabitants reg>d$ x to be   
unwor?y1 z comp>$ ) ! prosp]ity ( !     
city1 & consequ5tly />t$ a new "o4 ,!   
f\ndation-/one ( ! pres5t /ructure 0    

laid on ,augu/ #ad1 #abdh4 ,on ! #ae? ( 
,octob]1 #ahhj1 ! completion ( !        
,ca!dral 0 celebrat$ 9 ! pres5ce (      
,william ,i4  ,illu/ration3 ,,b+51      
,,g]many4--,b+51 a ,hessian t[n (       
,prussia1 ) a population ( #gajj1 is    
situat$ at ! conflu5ce ( ! ,nahe & ,rh9e
 riv]s4 ,! ,romans erect$ a ca/le "h 9  
#gj1 :5 a battle 0 f\ght betwe5 !m & !  
,gauls4 ,b+5 c>ries on a l>ge trade 9   
w9e1 />* & lea!r4 ,! t[n is 9 a         
beautiful & highly picturesque c\ntry1 &
 is visit$ by ?\s&s ( t\ri/s dur+ !     
summ] season4 ,on an isl& 9 ! ,rh9e is !
 ,manse?um1 or ,rat ,t[]1 a /ructure    
erect$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,b+5 is      
celebrat$ 9 song1 poetry1 /ory & hi/ory4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,ehr5breit/e91         
,,g]many4--,?is small t[n1 ) five ?\s&  
?ree hundr$ inhabitants1 prettily       
situat$ 9 a valley1 is cr[n$ ) !        
=tresses ( ,ehr5breit/e9 & ,a/]/e91 :i* 
are connect$ ) ,cobl5z by a bridge (    
boats1 ab\t f\r hundr$ y>ds 9 l5g?4 ,!  
maje/ic =tress ( ,ehr5breit/e9 rises    

opposite ! influx ( ! ,moselle1 & is    
situat$ on a precipit\s rock1 ?ree      
hundr$ & eighty-five feet above ! ,rh9e1
 inaccessible on ?ree sides1 & connect$ 
) ! neighbor+ heights on ! nor? side    
only4 ,! view f ! top is "o ( ! f9e/ on 
! ,rh9e4 ,x embraces ! f]tile ,rh9e     
,valley f ,/olz5fels to ,&]na*4         
,illu/ration3 ,,frank=t-,,on-,,!-,,ma91 
,,g]many4--,! above city1 =m]ly "o ( !  
few indep5d5t t[ns ( ,g]many1 n[ belongs
 to ,prussia4 ,old wat*-t[]s 9 ! vic9ity
 indicate its anci5t ext5t4 ,! city lies
 on a spaci\s pla9 b\nd$ by m\nta9s1 on 
! "r bank ( ! navigable riv] ,ma94 ,on !
 left bank lies ,sa*5haus51 a suburb    
connect$ ) ,frank=t by f\r /one bridges 
& "o susp5sion bridge4 ,9 a comm]cial1 &
 p>ticul>ly a f9ancial1 po9t ( view1    
,frank=t is "o ( ! mo/ important cities 
( ,g]many4  ,illu/ration3 ,,m>t9        
,,lu!r',s ,,h\se1                       
,,frank=t-,,on-,,!-,,ma91 ,,g]many4--,"h
 is a hi/oric relic :i* ju/ly excites ! 
admiration ( ! behold]4 ,?is is :]e     

,m>t9 ,lu!r liv$ = a "t aft] he _h nail$
 to a *ur*-door 9 ,witt5b]g ! !ses 9 :i*
 he conte/$ ! doctr9e at ! root ( !     
dete/able traffic c>ri$ on = ! ,pope by 
,tetzel & 8 accomplices4 ,?is br\ght to 
! front a man :o _h c]ta9ly _m faults1 b
 :o amply made up = !m by 8 =ce (       
intellect & ! l(t9ess ( 8 aims4         
,illu/ration3 ,,ariadne ,,on ,,!        
,,pan!r1 ,,be?mann',s ,,museum1         
,,frank=t-,,on-,,!-,,ma91               
,,g]many4--,?is exquisite piece (       
sculpture is ! ma/]piece ( ,danneck]1 a 
sculptor ( ,/uttg>t1 :o is likewise     
fam\s = 8 bu/ ( ,s*ill]4 ,( ! _m        
subjects sculptur$ by ,danneck]1        
,ariadne1 especially1 has a peculi> *>m 
( novelty1 :i* has made x a ,european   
favorite 9 a r$uc$ size4 ,x is p]haps ! 
contra/ betwe5 ! delicacy ( ! female    
human =m & ! subdu$ rude =ce ( ! pan!r  
%e rides1 t attracts ! admiration4      
,illu/ration3 ,,univ]sity ,,build+1     
,,leipsic1 ,,g]many4--,leipsic is "o ( !
 great comm]cial cities ( ,g]many1 !    

c5tre ( ! ,g]man book-trade1 ! seat ( ! 
supreme law-c\rts ( ! ,g]man ,empire1 & 
conta9s "o ( ! mo/ anci5t & important   
univ]sities 9 ,europe4 ,! int]ior ( !   
city consi/s ( l(ty & closely built     
h\ses1 dat+ *iefly f ! sev5te5? &       
eighte5? c5turies1 & is surr\nd$ by five
 h&some suburbs1 beyond :i* is a s]ies (
 villages1 almo/ adjac5t to ! t[n4 ,!   
above picture repres5ts "o ( !          
,univ]sity build+s4  ,illu/ration3      
,,royal ,,palace1 ,,b]l91               
,,g]many4--,?is palace1 six hundr$ &    
fifty feet long1 ?ree hundr$ & eighty   
feet wide1 & rectangul> 9 =m1 rises 9   
f\r /ories to ! height ( "o hundr$ feet1
 :ile ! dome on ! "r is two hundr$ &    
?irty feet high4 ,9 ! "t ( ,fr$]ick !   
,great1 x s]v$ z a resid5ce = all !     
memb]s ( ! royal family1 conta9$ all !  
royal collections1 & 0 ! seat ( sev]al  
gov]nm5t (ficials4 ,n[ x is us$ =       
reception rooms1 & a dwell+ = royal     
(ficials4 ,! ext]ior ( ! palace is      
massive & impos+2 ! int]ior is          

beautifully embelli%$4  ,illu/ration3   
,,b]l91 ,,g]many4--,b]l91 ! capital (   
,prussia & ! home ( ! emp]or1 ) its l>ge
 & beautiful build+s & its regul>ity (  
/reets1 ranks among ! f9e/ cities 9     
,europe4 ,! mo/ not$ /reet is t call$   
,unt] d5 ,l9d51 ! city's pride1 a broad 
& impos+ ?or\ghf>e1 resembl+ ! b\lev>ds 
( ,p>is4 ,x conta9s f\r r[s ( trees1    
ornam5t$ at "o end by ! ,br&5burg ,gate1
 & at ! o!r by ! eque/rian /atue (      
,fr$]ick ! ,great1 well repres5t$ by ?is
 photograph4 ,! palace ( ! k+1 diff]5t  
g>d5s1 ! aqu>ial museum & _m o!r not$   
build+s bord] on ,unt] d5 ,l9d51 :i* is 
ne>ly a mile long1 & ?rong$ all day )   
p$e/rians4  ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,(   
,,fr$]ick ,,! ,,great1 ,,b]l91          
,,g]many4--,?is impressive & ma/]ly "w 0
 erect$ 9 #ahea at "o end ( ! ,l9d51 &  
is probably ! gr&e/ monum5t ( its k9d 9 
,europe4 ,! great ,k+ is repres5t$ on   
horse-back1 ) 8 coronation-robes &      
walk+-/ick4 ,! p$e/al is divid$ into f\r
 sections4 ,! upp] "o conta9s           

allegorical figures & sc5es 9 ,fr$]ick's
 life1 ) ! figures ,mod]ation1 ,ju/ice1 
,wisdom & ,/r5g? at ! corn]s2 ! second  
section conta9s figures ( ! ,k+'s       
(fic]s1 & ! l[] section1 ! names ( o!r  
di/+ui%$ m54  ,illu/ration3 ,,!         
,,br&5burg ,,gate1 ,,b]l91 ,,g]many4--,!
 ,br&5burg ,gate1 =m+ ! entrance to     
,b]l91 f ! ,?i]g>t51 0 erect$ 9 #agic 9 
imitation ( ! ,propyla at ,a!ns4 ,x is  
#he feet high & #bje feet wide1 & has   
five diff]5t passages1 sep>at$ by       
massive ,doric columns4 ,x is at ! "o   
end ( ,unt] d5 ,l9d51 & its middle      
passage is res]v$ = royal c>riages only4
 ,! mat]ial is s&/one1 & x is surm\nt$  
by a ,quadriga ( ,victory f copp]1 tak5 
to ,p>is by ,napoleon 9 #ahjg1 b re/or$ 
9 #ahad4 ,on ! side are two w+s resembl+
 ,grecian ,temples1 "o ( :i* is a       
pneumatic po/-(fice & ! o!r a gu>d-h\se4
 ,bo? comb9e 9 _! con/ruction1 /r5g?1   
elegance & beauty4  ,illu/ration3       
,,monum5t ,,( ,,victory1 ,,b]l91        
,,g]many4--,?is monum5t1 ris+ to a      

height ( two hundr$ feet1 /&s on a      
circul> t]race1 approa*$ by eight       
granite /eps 9 ! ,?i]g>t54 ,x 0 d$icat$ 
on ,septemb] #b1 #ahgc1 to commemorate !
 great victories ( #ahgj & #ahga4 ,!    
massive squ>e p$e/al is adorn$ ) reliefs
 9 bronze4 ,above1 9 ! flut+s ( !       
column1 :i* consi/s ( yell[1 grayi%     
s&/one1 are plac$ ?ree r[s ( ,dani%1    
,au/rian & ,fr5* cannon1 captur$ 9 !    
diff]5t battles f\ght ) ^? nations4     
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,hi/oric ,,w9dmill1  
,,potsdam1 ,,g]many4--,potsdam is almo/ 
entirely surr\nd$ by a fr+e ( royal     
palaces1 p>ks & pleasure-gr\nds4 ,"h is 
locat$ ! palace ( ,sanss\ci4 ,adjac5t to
 ! palace is ! fam\s w9dmill1 n[ royal  
prop]ty1 :i* its own] refus$ to sell to 
! ,k+1 meet+ ?reat5$ viol5ce by an      
appeal to ! judges ( its supreme c\rt4  
,illu/ration3 ,,madonna ,,di ,,san      
,,si/o 7,,by ,,raphael71 ,,dresd5       
,,gall]y1 ,,dresd51 ,,g]many4--,?is     
ma/]piece ( ,raphael1 0 photograph$     
direct f ! orig9al pa9t+1 wor? #djj1jjj4

 ,x is an alt>-piece1 repres5t+ ! ,virg9
 & ,*ild 9 cl\ds1 ) ,/4 ,sixtus on ! "r1
 ,/4 ,b>b>a on ! left1 & ! *]ubs b5ea?4 
,a curta9 has j be5 drawn back1 & !     
,virg9 issues1 z x 71 f ! dep? ( ,heav51
 h] l>ge s]5e eyes seem+ to embrace !   
:ole _w 9 _! gaze4 ,! mo/ /rik+ feature 
( ! pa9t+ is ! expression ( naive       
innoc5ce depict$ on ! faces ( ! *]ubs4  
,illu/ration3 ,,magdal5e 7,,by          
,,battoni71 ,,dresd5 ,,gall]y1 ,,dresd51
 ,,g]many4  ,illu/ration3               
,,bird',s-,,eye ,,view ,,( ,,p>is1      
,,france4--,p>is1 ! l>ge/ city 9 ! ,fr5*
 ,republic1 & its capital1 cov]s an area
 ( ?irty squ>e miles1 ) a population (  
ab\t #b1jjj1jjj4 ,! riv] ,se9e1 :i* fl[s
 ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! city1 is spann$ by   
tw5ty-eight bridges1 ( :i* ! sev5       
pr9cipal are %[n on ?is photograph4 ,!  
city is not$ = its f9e p>ks1 magnific5t 
*ur*es1 colossal build+s1 & wide        
b\lev>ds1 ( :i* ! ,*amps ,elysees is !  
mo/ fam\s4 ,p>is is ! c5tre ( !         
political1 arti/ic1 sci5tific1 comm]cial

 & indu/rial life ( ! nation4           
,illu/ration3 ,,place ,,de ,,la         
,,concorde1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4--,place de
 la ,concorde1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful &   
ext5sive public p>ks 9 ,p>is1 be+       
consid]$1 by ! be/ au?orities1 ! f9e/ 9 
! _w1 is b\nd$ by ! ,se9e1 ,*amps       
,elysees1 ,tuil]ies & ,rue de ,rivoli4  
,num]\s hi/orical associations are      
connect$ ) ! place4 ,! guillot9e did mu*
 bloody "w "h dur+ #agic-d-e2 upw>ds (  
#bhjj p p]i%$ by x4 ,=eign troops       
frequ5tly biv\ack$ on ! squ>e :5 ,p>is 0
 9 _! p[]4 ,! ,obelisk ( ,luxor1 a      
,monoli? or s+le block ( r$di% granite  
#gf feet high1 0 pres5t$ to ,l\is       
,phillipi by ,moham$ ,ali & erect$ 9 !  
c5tre ( ! ,place4 ,x adds v mu* to !    
int]e/ ( ! p>k4  ,illu/ration3          
,,madele9e1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4--,!       
f\ndation ( ?is *ur* 0 laid by ,l\is    
,,xv4 9 #agfd4 ,! ,revolution f\nd !    
edifice unf9i%$1 & ,napoleon ,i4 ord]$ !
 build+ to be complet$ z a ,temple (    
,glory4 ,l\is ,,xviii41 h[ev]1 return$  

to ! orig9al int5tion ( mak+ x a *ur*4  
,! edifice 0 f9ally complet$ 9 #ahdb1 & 
! am\nt ( money exp5d$ 0 upw>ds (       
#b1ejj1jjj4 ,x /&s on a basem5t1        
surr\nd$ by massive ,cor9?ian columns4  
,! build+1 :i* is de/itute ( w9d[s1 is  
con/ruct$ exclusively ( /one1 light be+ 
admitt$ ?r\gh sky-lights 9 ! ro(4       
,illu/ration3 ,,op]a ,,h\se1 ,,p>is1    
,,france4--,?is is a mo/ sumptu\s       
edifice1 complet$ 9 #ahgd1 & cov]+ an   
area ( ne>ly ?ree acres4 ,no?+ c surpass
 ! magnific5ce ( ! mat]ials ) :i* x is  
decorat$1 & = :i* almo/ all ,europe has 
made contributions4 ,sw$5 & ,scotl&     
yield$ a supply ( gre5 & r$ granite2 f  
,italy 7 br\ght ! yell[ & :ite m>bles2 f
 ,f9l&1 r$ porphyry2 f ,spa91           
brocatello2 & f ,france1 o!r m>bles (   
v>i\s colors4 ,! co/ ( ! site 0 ov]     
#b1jjj1jjj1 & t ( ! build+ ne>ly        
#h1jjj1jjj4  ,illu/ration3 ,,great      
,,b\lev>ds1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4--,!       
spl5did l9e ( /reets1 kn[n z ! ,great   
,b\lev>ds1 :i* ext5d on ! nor? side ( ! 

,se9e1 f ! ,madele9e at "o end1 to !    
,ba/ile at ! o!r1 0 orig9ally ! l9e (   
=tifications or bulw>ks ( ! ,city (     
,p>is4 ,9 #afgj1 ! city hav+ ext5d$     
nor?w>d f> beyond ! =tifications1 !     
moats 7 fill$ up1 ! walls de/roy$ & !   
above ,b\lev>ds =m$4 ,?is photograph    
repres5ts ! ,gr& ,hotel at ! corn] ( !  
,place de l',op]a4  ,illu/ration3 ,,july
 ,,column1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4--,! above  
monum5t 0 erect$ aft] ! ,revolution (   
,july1 #ahcj1 9 honor ( ! h]oes :o fell 
on t occasion1 & solemnly d$icat$ 9     
#ahdj4 ,! total height ( ! monum5t is "o
 hundr$ & fifty-f\r feet1 re/+ on a     
massive r\nd sub-/ruction ( :ite m>ble1 
orig9ally int5d$ = ,napoleon's          
,elephant1 :i* he _h plann$ to erect 9  
bronze on ?is spot2 b 8 plans 7 nev]    
consummat$4 ,on ! sub-/ruction rises a  
squ>e basem5t1 on ea* side ( :i* are f\r
 bronze m$allions1 symbolical ( ,ju/ice1
 ! ,con/itution1 ,/r5g? & ,fre$om4      
,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,( ,,!           
,,republic1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4--,?is     

national /atue is made ( bronze1 & 0    
erect$ 9 #ahhc4 ,! /one p$e/al1 fifty   
feet 9 height1 is surr\nd$ ) seat$      
bronze figures ( ,lib]ty1 ,equality &   
,frat]nity4 ,! /atue1 ?irty-two feet    
high to ! top ( ! olive bran*1 makes a  
/rik+ & impos+ appe>ance4 ,9 front is a 
braz5 lion1 ) ! urn ( univ]sal suffrage4
 ,on ! /one p$e/al are hewn ! words1 ,to
 ! ,glory ( ! ,republic ( ,france1 to ! 
,city ( ,p>is1 #ahhc4 ,?is /atue 0 !    
model = ! ,/atue ( ,lib]ty 9 ,new ,york 
,h>bor4  ,illu/ration3 ,,v5dome         
,,column1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4--,"h is an  
imitation ( ,trajan's column at ,rome4  
,x is "o hundr$ & =ty-two feet high1 &  
?irte5 feet 9 diamet]1 & 0 erect$ by !  
ord] ( ,napoleon ,i41 f #ahjf to #ahaj1 
to commemorate 8 victories 9 #ahje1 ov] 
! ,russians & ,au/rians4 ,! figures on !
 spiral column repres5t memorable sc5es1
 f ! break+ up ( ! camp at ,b\logne1 to 
! battle ( ,au/]litz4 ,! metal ( ^!     
figures 0 obta9$ by melt+ #abjj ,russian
 & ,au/rian cannons4 ,! top is a /atue (

 ,napoleon4  ,illu/ration3 ,,royal      
,,palace1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4--,! above   
palace1 erect$ by ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu 9   
#afcd1 0 occupi$ aft] 8 dea? by ,anne ( 
,au/ria1 ! wid[ ( ,l\is ,,xiii41 ) h]   
sons ,l\is ,,xiv41 & ,philip ( ,orleans1
 !n 9 _! m9ority4 ,9 #ahae ! ,orleans   
family rega9$ possession ( ! ,palais    
,royal2 & x 0 occupi$ by ,l\is ,philippe
 to #ahcj4 ,%ortly be=e ! outbreak ( !  
revolution ( ,july1 he gave a sumptu\s  
ball "h 9 honor ( ,neapolitan           
notabilities !n visit+ ,p>is4 ,9 #ahga1 
! ,communi/s set ! ,palais ,royal on    
fire1 b x has s9ce be5 c>efully re/or$4 
,illu/ration3 ,,hotel ,,de ,,ville1     
,,p>is1 ,,france4--,! above edifice1 9  
_m respects "o ( ! f9e/ build+s 9 ,p>is1
 may be reg>d$ z an enl>g$ reproduction 
( ! orig9al build+1 ) ri*] ornam5tation 
& m conv5i5t arrangem5ts4 ,x has play$ a
 conspicu\s "p 9 ! diff]5t revolutions1 
hav+ be5 ! usual rally+ place ( !       
,democratic p>ty4 ,"h 0 also celebrat$ !
 union ( ! ,july ,mon>*y ) !            

,b\rgeoisie1 :5 ,l\is ,philippe pres5t$ 
himself at "o ( ! w9d[s 9 ,augu/1 #ahcj1
 &1 9 view ( ! populace1 embrac$        
,lafayette4  ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral ,,(
 ,,notre ,,dame1 ,,p>is1                
,,france4--,f\nd$ 9 #aafc1 b n complet$ 
until ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,s9ce !n !      
build+ has be5 frequ5tly alt]$4 ,dur+ ! 
,revolution ! ,ca!dral 0 sadly          
desecrat$4 ,! side *apels 7 devot$ to   
orgies ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,9 #ahjb x 0 aga9  
re-op5$ by ,napoleon z a place ( div9e  
wor%ip4 ,dur+ #ahga ,notre ,dame 0      
desecrat$ by ! ,communi/s4 ,! treasury 0
 rifl$1 & ! build+ us$ z a milit>y      
depot4 ,:5 ! insurg5ts 7 compell$ to    
retreat1 !y set fire to ! *ur*1 b       
=tunately little damage 0 done4         
,illu/ration3 ,,palace ,,( ,,ju/ice1    
,,p>is1 ,,france4--,?is palace1 occupy+ 
! site ( ! anci5t palace ( ! k+s (      
,france1 0 pres5t$ by ,*>les ,,viii41 9 
#adca1 to ! ,p>liam5t or ,supreme ,c\rt 
( ,ju/ice4 ,! palace 0 s mu* injur$ by  
fire 9 #afah & 9 #aggf1 t no?+ ( x n[   

rema9s except ! two r\nd domes :i* are  
se5 on ! "r ( ! picture4 ,! bridge se5 9
 connection ) ! av5ue 9 ! =egr\nd1 spans
 ! ,se9e1 hav+ be5 built by ,napoleon1  
:ile ! av5ue itself leads to ! ,ex*ange4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,arc ,,( ,,triumph1    
,,p>is1 ,,france4--,?is is ! f9e/       
triumphal ar* 9 exi/5ce4 ,x is situat$  
at "o end ( ! ,*amps ,elysees1 on an    
em95ce1 & c be se5 f ne>ly e "p ( !     
city4 ,twelve magnific5t av5ues radiate 
f x1 ne>ly all ( !m slop+ upw>d to !    
ar*4 ,x 0 comm5c$ by ,napoleon ,i4 9    
#ahjf1 & complet$ by ,l\is ,philippe 9  
#ahcf1 at a co/ ( #b1jjj1jjj4           
,illu/ration3 ,,dome ,,des ,,invalides1 
,,p>is1 ,,france4--,! beautiful gild$   
dome1 ?ree hundr$ & =ty feet high1 :i*  
surm\nts ! *ur* ( ! ,invalides1 & :i* c 
be se5 at a great di/ance1 is built on !
 nor? side ( ! ,se9e1 & =ms a "p ( !    
,hotel des ,invalides4 ,! ,hotel des    
,invalides1 f\nd$ 9 #afgj by ,l\is      
,,xiv41 = ag$ vet]ans1 cov]s an area (  
?irty-"o acres4 ,imm$iately "u ! gild$  

dome1 is a crypt bel[ ! floor1 conta9+ !
 tomb ( ,napoleon4  ,illu/ration3 ,,tomb
 ,,( ,,napoleon1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4--,?is
 tomb is situat$ b5ea? ! ,dome des      
,invalides1 9 an op5 circul> crypt1     
tw5ty feet 9 dep? & ?irty-six feet 9    
diamet]4 ,! walls are ( poli%$ granite1 
adorn$ ) t5 m>ble reliefs4 ,on ! mosaic 
pavem5t rises ! ,s>cophagus1 ?irte5 feet
 long1 six & "o-half feet wide1 & f\rte5
 & "o-half feet high1 a huge block (    
r$di%-br[n granite weigh+ sixty-sev5    
tons1 & co/+ #cj1jjj4 ,at ! fur!r end ( 
! crypt appe>s ,napoleon's la/ reque/3  
,i wi% t my a%es re/ on ! banks ( !     
,se9e1 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,fr5* p1 :om ,i lov$
 s well4 ,to ^! words1 z well z to !    
tomb ( ! great lead]1 e ,fr5*man rev]ts 
) pride4  ,illu/ration3 ,,eiffel ,,t[]1 
,,p>is1 ,,france4--,?is enorm\s monum5t 
surpasses any?+ ( ! k9d hi!rto erect$4  
,f all p>ts ( ! city its graceful head  
may be se51 completely dw>f+ into       
insignificance e public build+ & spire t
 ,p>is conta9s4 ,x has ?ree plat=ms4 ,! 

fir/1 ( va/ ext5t & com=tably arrang$ = 
_m hundr$ visitors at a "t1 conta9s cafs
 & re/aurants4 ,! second is #cgf feet f 
! gr\nd1 & ! ?ird1 #hfc feet4 ,! total  
height ( ! ,t[] is #ihe feet1 be+ !     
l(tie/ monum5t 9 ! _w4  ,illu/ration3   
,,pan!on1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4--,?is       
/ructure /&+ on ! highe/ gr\nd 9 ! ,city
 ( ,p>is1 occupies ! site ( ! tomb (    
,/e4 ,g5evieve1 ! patron sa9t ( ,p>is4  
,! pres5t edifice 0 complet$ 9 #agij4 ,!
 new *ur* 0 d$icat$ to ,/e4 ,g5evieve1 b
 9 #agia ! ,conv5tion resolv$ to conv]t 
x into a k9d ( memorial temple1 :i* !y  
nam$ ! ,pan!on4 ,9 #ahhe x 0 secul>iz$ =
 ! obsequies ( ,victor ,hugo4 ,! edifice
 is ( mo/ impos+ dim5sions1 9 ! =m ( a  
,greek cross4 ,! build+ resembles !     
,pan!on 9 ,rome4  ,illu/ration3 ,,l\vre 
,,build+s1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4--,"h are   
pres5t$ ! mo/ important public build+s 9
 ,p>is1 bo? ar*itecturally & on acc\nt (
 ! treasures ( art !y conta94 ,! olde/  
"p ( ! ,l\vre has be5 ! sc5e ( _m       
hi/orical ev5ts4 ,x is divid$ into two  

diff]5t sections1 ! gr\nd floor be+     
devot$ to an ,egyptian museum4 ,! o!r   
ap>tm5ts conta9 ! ,asiatic museum1      
collections ( anci5t sculpture1         
collections ( ,r5aissance sculpture1    
collections ( mod]n sculpture1 a picture
 gall]y1 a saloon ( ! anci5t bronzes1 & 
a collection ( ,greek & o!r antiquities4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,v5us ,,de ,,milo1     
,,l\vre ,,gall]y1 ,,p>is4--,?is /atue ( 
,aphrodite1 :i* 0 f\nd on ! ,isl& (     
,melos1 n[ ,milo1 at ! entrance to !    
,greek ,ar*ipelago1 0 sold to ! ,fr5*   
,gov]nm5t = #fjjj francs1 & is n[ n =   
sale = its weight 9 gold4 ,x is exhibit$
 9 ! ,l\vre & repres5ts "o ( ! mo/      
celebrat$ treasures ( ! ,gall]y4        
,aphrodite is "h repres5t$1 n only z a  
beautiful woman1 b z a goddess1 z is se5
 by h] p[]ful & maje/ic =m & ! noble    
expression ( ! head1 indicat+ h]        
indep5d5ce ( human ne$s & ! placid      
self-compet5ce ( h] div9e "*4 ,x is "o (
 ! ma/]pieces :i* con/itute ! great     
m>vel ( antiquity4  ,illu/ration3 ,,tomb

 ,,( ,,phillippe ,,pot1 ,,l\vre         
,,gall]y1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4             
,illu/ration3 ,,peacemak] ,,( ,,!       
,,village 7,,by ,,greuze71 ,,l\vre      
,,gall]y1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4--,?is pa9t+ 
0 execut$ by ! r5[n$ ,fr5* arti/ :5     
ne>ly at ! z5i? ( 8 p[]s1 & is only "o (
 ! _m giant ma/]pieces by ?is celebrat$ 
pa9t]4 ,greuze1 :5 q "y1 %[$ consid]able
 tal5t1 :i* 0 enc\rag$ by a ,lyonese    
arti/4 ,at ! advice ( ! latt]1 he drift$
 to ,p>is & produc$ sev]al ,biblical    
subjects1 foll[$ by o!rs ( ! same class4
 ,he left ,france = ,italy1 b return$   
soon aft] & produc$ ! above pa9t+ 9     
#agei-fa1 foll[$ by o!rs1 ) increas+    
success4  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,la/ ,,veil
 7,,by ,,b\ret71 ,,luxemb\rg ,,gall]y1  
,,p>is1 ,,france  ,illu/ration3 ,,arre/ 
,,9 ,,! ,,village 7,,by ,,salmson71     
,,luxemb\rg ,,gall]y1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4 
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,"m 7,,by ,,l5oir71   
,,luxemb\rg ,,gall]y1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4 
,illu/ration3 ,,joan ,,( ,,arc 7,,by    
,,*apu71 ,,luxemb\rg ,,gall]y1 ,,p>is1  

,,france--,kn[n 9 ,france z ,jeanne     
d',arc1 ! maid ( ,orleans 0 born ab\t   
#adaa4 ,9 #adbh1 :5 ,orleans1 ! key to !
 s\? ( ,france1 0 infe/$ by ! ,engli%1  
%e rode at ! head ( an army1 clo!d 9 a  
coat ( mail1 arm$ ) an anci5t sword1 &  
c>ry+ a :ite /&>d ( h] own design1      
embroid]$ ) lilies1 & hav+ on ! "o side 
! image ( ,god hold+ ! _w 9 ,8 h&1 on ! 
o!r a repres5tation ( ! annunciation4 ,!
 siege ( ! t[n 0 brok51 b %e 0 (t5      
accus$ ( be+ a h]etic & sorc]]1 & 0     
burn$ at ! /ake ,may #cj1 #adca4        
,illu/ration3 ,,pay+ ,,! ,,reap]s 7,,by 
,,lh]mitte71 ,,luxemb\rg ,,gall]y1      
,,p>is1 ,,france4--,?is fam\s pa9t+1 f  
:i* ! photograph is a direct copy1      
repres5ts a f>m sc5e4 ,! labor]s h j    
f9i%$ _! day's "w4 ,! man ) ! scy!1     
roll$-up sleeves & op5 %irt1 is a g5u9e 
repres5tation ( an hone/ & indu/ri\s    
labor]4 ,! expression on 8 face %[s a   
tir$ look1 b a _s ( cont5tm5t g5tly     
/eals ov] 8 face1 :i* ne>ly all true &  
hone/ c\ntry p possess aft] a day's h>d 

labor4  ,illu/ration3 ,,ignorance 7,,by 
,j4 ,,com]re ,,paton71 ,,luxemb\rg      
,,gall]y1 ,,p>is1 ,,france4--,?is is "o 
( ! mo/ celebrat$ pa9t+s by ?is popul>  
arti/4 ,! outl9es ( ! girl are p]fect4  
,! graceful curves ( ! arms1 ! sweet    
expression ( ! face & ! t5d] look ( !   
eyes are all *>m+ly beautiful4 ,! t9y   
cap1 ! loose g>m5t1 ! uncov]$ feet1 !   
b>e arms1 & ! com=table position ( !    
girl1 all add to h] beauty4 ,9 !        
photograph ! bl5d$ colors ( ! orig9al   
pa9t+ are lo/1 yet ! subject c be well  
/udi$ f ?is copy4  ,illu/ration3 ,,royal
 ,,palace1 ,,v]sailles1 ,,france4--,?is 
palace pres5ts a mo/ impos+ appe>ance2 !
 pr9cipal faade is no less ?an "o-f\r? (
 a mile long4 ,! build+ dates back1 = ! 
erection ( its v>i\s p>ts1 to sev]al    
diff]5t p]iods1 & 0 ! royal resid5ce ( !
 v>i\s rul]s ( ,france4 ,x has rema9$   
un9habit$ s9ce x 0 sack$ by a ,p>isian  
mob1 :i* includ$ _m ?\s& wom54 ,! v>i\s 
halls & rooms are n[ devot$ to ! use (  
mo/ int]e/+ picture gall]ies4           

,illu/ration3 ,,royal ,,c>riage1        
,,v]sailles1 ,,france4--,9 ! ,museum (  
,c>riages at ,v]sailles is a collection 
( royal vehicles f ! "t ( ! fir/ ,emp]or
 to ! baptism ( ! ,pr9ce ,imp]ial 9     
#ahef1 besides sl$ges ( ! "t ( ,l\is    
,,xiv41 & s$an *airs4 ,! royal c>riage 9
 ! picture is t ( ,*>les ,x41 aft]w>ds  
us$ by ,napoleon on v>i\s occasions1 !  
lett] ,n be+ /ill se5 on ! drap]y adorn+
 ! seat4 ,! c>riage is valu$ at         
#bjj1jjj1 & consid]$ "o ( ! f9e/        
vehicles ( its k9d 9 ! _w4              
,illu/ration3 ,,la/ ,,victims ,,( ,,!   
,,reign ,,( ,,t]ror 7,,by ,,mull]7      
,,v]sailles ,,gall]y1 ,,v]sailles1      
,,france4--,! ,fr5* ,revolution1 m      
commonly t]m$ ! ,reign ( ,t]ror1 is     
p]haps unp>allel$ 9 ! hi/ory ( civiliz$ 
c\ntries4 ,hundr$s ( citiz5s 7          
guillot9$1 & :5 t process prov$ too sl[1
 !y 7 %ot d[n by platoon-fire4 ,!       
picture repres5ts a prison sc5e cr[d$ ) 
suspects4 ,! (fic] to ! "r1 ) a li/ (   
condemn$ crim9als1 calls out ! names (  

^? to be put to dea?1 ea* "o fe>+ t 8 or
 h] "n w be next call$ to jo9 !         
procession to ! guillot9e on ! ,place de
 la ,concorde4 ,! photograph pres5ts a  
view ( ! la/ victims ( t t]rible w>4    
,illu/ration3 ,,napoleon ,,at ,,au/]litz
 7,,by ,,v]net71 ,,v]sailles ,,gall]y1  
,,v]sailles1 ,,france4--,! conqu]or "h  
views ! progress ( ! battle betwe5 !    
,fr5* troops1 numb]+ #ij1jjj m51 & !    
alli$ =ces ( fully #hj1jjj4 ,napoleon1  
on 8 :ite horse1 receives reports f 8   
g5]als 9 ! field1 :ile ) 8 field-glass  
he wat*es ! advanc+ columns ( bo? sides4
 ,?is decisive battle 0 witness$ by ?ree
 ,emp]ors1 ^? ( ,france1 ,russia &      
,au/ria1 & result$ 9 a glori\s victory =
 ,napoleon & ! ,fr5*4 ,a treaty ( peace 
foll[$ betwe5 ,france & ,au/ria2 b x 0 (
 %ort duration1 = ! dang]\s ambition (  
,napoleon c\ld n fail to =ce all        
,european nations into alliance4        
,illu/ration3 ,,napoleon 7,,by ,,gosse71
 ,,v]sailles ,,gall]y1 ,,v]sailles1     
,,france4--,! above repres5ts ! ,little 

,corporal on ,july #g1 #ahjg1 at        
,tilsit1 a comm]cial t[n ( ,ea/]n       
,prussia1 ratify+ ! treaty ) ,russia &  
,prussia4 ,russia ne$$ re/1 & ,napoleon 
0 n sorry to pause4 ,x 0 ! highe/ po9t (
 ! ,emp]or's r5[n4 ,8 h& 0 felt ?r\gh\t 
all ,europe2 x seem$ z if ,engl& alone 7
 beyond 8 p[]4  ,illu/ration3 ,,royal   
,,palace1 ,,fonta9ebleau1               
,,france4--,?is palace1 situat$ on !    
s\?-we/ side ( ! t[n1 is said to occupy 
! site ( a =m] =tifi$ *ateau1 f\nd$ 9   
#aafb4 ,x 0 ,francis ,i41 h[ev]1 :o     
conv]t$ ! m$ival =tress into a palace ( 
almo/ unp>allel$ ext5t & magnific5ce4 ,!
 ext]ior is less impos+ ?an t ( "s o!r  
contemporane\s edifices1 z ! build+1 ) !
 exception ( sev]al pavilions1 is only  
two /ories 9 height4 ,x 0 a favorite    
resid5ce ( ,napoleon4  ,illu/ration3    
,,?rone ,,room1 ,,fonta9eleau ,,palace1 
,,france4--,?is magnific5t hall1 ) a    
ceil+ 9 relief1 conta9+ a *&eli] 9      
rock-cry/al1 & wa9scoat$ 9 ! reign (    
,l\is ,,xiv41 is p]haps ! mo/ sumptu\s  

ap>tm5t ( ! palace4 ,f "h ,napoleon     
almo/ rul$ ! _w4 ,! canopy ( ! ?rone    
rises by graceful folds to ! rim ( !    
high cr[n4 ,! bees & ! lett] ,n on !    
*air1 & on ei!r side ( ! ?rone1 are     
symbolic ( ,napoleon4 ,x 0 9 ?is same   
room :]e ! ,emp]or decl>$ 8 divorce f   
,joseph9e4  ,illu/ration3 ,,ap>tm5t ,,( 
,,tape/ries1 ,,fonta9ebleau ,,palace1   
,,france4--,?is room is embelli%$ )     
tape/ry f ,fl&]s1 wov5 into ! my? (     
,psy*e4 ,! ceil+ is 9 relief1 !         
old-fa%ion$ mantel-piece dat+ back to ! 
sixte5? c5tury1 :ile ! vases & clock are
 ! f9e/ ,sevres w>e4 ,! table 9 ! c5tre 
is ! same "o on :i* ,napoleon sign$ 8   
abdication be=e tak+ 8 p>t+ leave f 8   
old ,gu>d on ! #bj? ( ,april1 #ahad1 to 
g into exile at ,elba4 ,! floor ( inlaid
 poli%$ wood has be5 mu* worn by ! feet 
( travel]s pass+ ?r\gh ! palace daily4  
,illu/ration3 ,,ap>tm5t ,,( ,,mme4 ,,de 
,,ma9t5on1 ,,fonta9ebleau ,,palace1     
,,france4--,madame de ,ma9t5on 0 !      
second wife ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 al?\gh no   

writt5 pro( ( su* a m>riage is extant2  
b1 t x took place1 is nev]!less c]ta94  
,z a wife1 %e 0 :olly admirable2 %e _h  
to ent]ta9 a man t w\ld n be amus$1 & 0 
oblig$ to submit to a t]ribly /rict c\rt
 etiquette ( absolute ob$i5ce to ! ,k+'s
 incl9ations4 ,?is %e always did        
*e]fully1 & nev] compla9$ ( we>9ess or  
illness4 ,h] ap>tm5ts /ill appe> z !y   
did :5 occupi$ by h]4  ,illu/ration3    
,,nice1 ,,france4--,sup]bly situat$ on !
 %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean is ! ,city (    
,nice4 ,9 w9t] x is ! r5dezv\s (        
invalids & o!rs f all p>ts ( ,europe1 :o
 seek refuge "h f ! bleak & vigor\s     
atmosph]e ( ! ,nor?4 ,! season beg9s ) !
 races e>ly 9 ,janu>y1 & closes ) a     
great regatta at ! beg9n+ ( ,april2 b   
visitors ab\nd f ,octob] until ,may4 ,9 
summ] ! place is des]t$4  ,illu/ration3 
,,monaco4--,?is pr9cipality ( ,europe1  
,fr5* 9 language1 b ,italian 9          
tradition1 is locat$ 9 ! s\!rn "p (     
,france1 on ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,its   
area is six squ>e miles1 & consi/s      

pr9cipally ( ! t[n ( ,monaco & its      
suburbs1 :i* /& on a high promontory4   
,monaco has a f9e palace1 a new ca!dral1
 a college1 a not$ cas9o1 :]e gambl+ is 
lic5s$ to pay ) its pr(its ! /ate       
exp5ses2 x has also manufactories (     
spirits1 f9e pott]y1 bricks1 p]fum]y1 & 
objects ( my?4 ,! pr9cipality is n[     
virtually "u ,fr5* control4             
,illu/ration3 ,,monte ,,c>lo1           
,,france4--,?is place is a heal?-resort 
9 w9t] & a sea-ba?+ place 9 summ]2 b !  
*ief attraction to _m is ! tapis v]t at 
! ,cas9o4 ,monte ,c>lo belongs          
politically to ! dim9utive pr9cipality (
 ,monaco2 ! =m]1 z se5 9 ! picture1 is  
picturesquely situat$ on a small level  
at ! foot ( a high range ( m\nta9s1     
skirt+ ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! build+ to !   
left ) turrets is ! ,cas9o4 ,!          
population ( ! place is almo/ entirely  
transi5t4  ,illu/ration3 ,,gam+ ,,hall1 
,,monte ,,c>lo1 ,,france4--,e portion ( 
! int]ior ( ! ,cas9o1 ( :i* ! gam+-rooms
 are a "p1 is luxuri\sly fitt$ up4 ,!   

ceil+s are elaborately fresco$1 :ile !  
walls & ni*es are adorn$ ) works ( art4 
,admission to ! above room is obta9$    
free ^u pres5tation ( a visit+ c>d at ! 
(fice4 ,! games 9 progress f #aa ,a4 ,m4
 until #aa ,p4 ,m41 are g5]ally r\lette1
 & patroniz$ by m5 & wom5 ( all ages & f
 all c\ntries4 ,= ! /ud5t ( human       
nature1 ! gambl+ halls pres5t an        
excell5t opportunity to /udy mank9d4    
,illu/ration3 ,,madrid1 ,,spa94-,g5]al  
view4 ,?is city is f9ely situat$ on a   
wide pla9 ( ! ,guadalquivir4 ,x conta9s 
an abundance ( weal? & p[]1 & is fam\s =
 its oranges & wom54 ,! city is v old1  
its hi/ory dat+ back z f> z #fjj4 ,x is 
not$ = be+ ! bir?place ( _m di/+ui%$    
,spani>ds4 ,magellan1 ! fam\s navigator1
 sail$ f "h 9 #aeai1 to discov]         
,magellan ,/rait4 ,! w9t] season is v   
mild & pleasant1 & !re is n a day 9 !   
:ole ye> 9 :i* ! sun does n %9e4        
,illu/ration3 ,,seville1 ,,spa94--,on ! 
left bank ( ! ,guadalquiv]1 9 a level   
c\ntry z productive z a g>d51 /&s ! city

 ( ,seville4 ,x is highly picturesque 9 
its comb9ation ( build+s & ) a riv]     
navigable to its v limits2 x is a/ir )  
life & comm]ce4 ,f ! e>lie/ "t1 ?is city
 has be5 ! *ief outlet = ! weal? (      
,spa94 ,9 ! poor] portions ( ! t[n1 !   
op5 places are conv]t$ into m>ket-/&s1 z
 se5 above4 ,across ! riv]1 spann$ by a 
bridge1 is a ,gypsy qu>t] ( ,triana4    
,illu/ration3 ,,bull ,,fight1 ,,seville1
 ,,spa94--,?is photograph repres5ts !   
great bull-r+ ( ! city1 ) a capacity =  
eighte5 ?\s& p & cr[d$ ) spectators to  
witness ! great national amusem5t4 ,a   
g5]al holiday prevails on su* occasions4
 ,e "o1 ri* & poor1 possess+ a gra9 (   
ta/e = bloody sc5es & /rik+ spectacles1 
c be f\nd 9 ! ,amphi!atre on su*        
occasions4 ,! %[ g5]ally la/s = sev]al  
h\rs1 dur+ :i* sev]al bulls1 m horses1 &
 n unfrequ5tly1 m5 are kill$ 9 ! combat4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,tol$o1 ,,spa94--,?is  
city is situat$ on a rocky height1      
=ty-"o miles s\?-we/ ( ,madrid2 its     
climate is v cold 9 w9t] & hot 9 summ]4 

,! ,ca!dral ( ,tol$o1 ! metropolitan    
*ur* ( ,spa91 f\nd$ 9 #ehg1 is f\r      
hundr$ feet 9 l5g?1 & two hundr$ & f\r  
feet 9 wid?1 ) a l(ty t[] & spire4      
,tol$o has long be5 fam\s = its         
manufactories ( sword-blades1 & great   
skill is /ill %[n 9 temp]+ ! m4 ,x 0    
tak5 by ! ,go?s 9 #dfg1 & by ! ,moors 9 
#gad2 x 0 reta9$ by ! latt] until #ajhe1
 :5 x 0 p]man5tly annex$ to ! cr[n (    
,ca/ile4  ,illu/ration3 ,,gibralt>1     
,,spa94--,?is rem>kable =tress1 :i* is a
 /rongly =tifi$ rock at ! s\!rn         
extremity ( ,spa91 & =ms ! key to !     
,m$it]ranean1 is connect$ ) ! cont95t by
 a l[ s&y i/hmus1 "o & "o-half miles    
long1 & ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile wide4 ,!    
highe/ po9t ( ! rock is ab\t "o ?\s& f\r
 hundr$ feet above ! sea level4 ,va/    
sums ( money & imm5se labor h be5 sp5t 9
 =tify+ ?is /ronghold4 ,! wat] = !      
supply ( ! t[n & g>rison is collect$    
dur+ ! ra9y season1 ! ro(s ( ! h\ses    
ga!r+ all ! fall+ ra94  ,illu/ration3   
,,lisbon1 ,,portugal4--,?is int]e/+ city

 is situat$ on ! ,tagus1 ne> ! ,atlantic
 ,ocean4 ,! l5g? ( ! city is f\r miles1 
& its bread? ab\t two miles4 ,lisbon is 
nobly situat$ = comm]ce1 & has ! f9e/   
h>bor 9 ! _w4 ,! e>?quake ( #agee1      
traces ( :i* are /ill visible1 de/roy$ a
 consid]able portion ( x1 & kill$ ab\t  
sixty ?\s& ( its inhabitants4 ,?is      
photograph is a correct repres5tation ( 
! bett] portion ( ! city & h>bor4       
,illu/ration3 ,,kir*5feld ,,bridge1     
,,b]ne1 ,,switz]l&4--,! above /ructure  
is a huge iron bridge1 sev5 hundr$ &    
fifty-"o feet long1 built 9 #ahhb-ahhc1 
across ! riv] ,a>e1 f ! t[n prop] to    
,helvetia ,platz1 :]e a new qu>t] ( !   
t[n is be+ built by an ,engli% company4 
,9 ! =egr\nd are ! t]race-l hot-h\ses & 
g>d5s ( ! peasants1 :o e>n _! livelihood
 by supply+ ! inhabitants ( ,b]ne )     
vegetables f _! little f>ms4 ,f ! top ( 
! bridge1 9 cle> wea!r1 ! ,b]nese ,alps 
c be se5 bett] ?an f any o!r po9t 9 !   
,ob]l&4  ,illu/ration3 ,,clock ,,t[]1   
,,b]ne1 ,,switz]l&4  ,illu/ration3      

,,peasant ,,woman1 ,,switz]l&4--,"h is a
 photograph ( a ,swiss girl on h] way to
 *ur*4 ,%e pres5ts a true type ( h] sex1
 be+ well-develop$1 ref9$ & accompli%$4 
,^! peasants are fond ( george\s app>el1
 & on holidays & ,sundays pres5t a v    
pleas+ spectacle4 ,_! head-dress is     
p>ticul>ly /rik+1 consi/+ ( a cap adorn$
 ) f9e /iff lace1 s arrang$ z to =m a   
sort ( fan at ! back ( ! head4 ,!y all  
dress 9 simil> co/umes1 :i* are bo?     
com=table & attractive4  ,illu/ration3  
,,int]lak5 ,,& ,,! ,,jungfrau1          
,,switz]l&4--,! l[ l& betwe5 lakes ,?un 
& ,bri5z1 is call$ ,brodeli4 ,^! lakes  
once probably =m$ a s+le %eet ( wat]1 b 
7 gradually sep>at$ by deposit c>ri$ f !
 m\nta9-sides4 ,on ?is piece ( l&1      
betwe5 ! lakes1 lies ,int]lak54 ,! t[n  
is a favorite summ] resort & is not$ =  
its mild & equal temp]ature4 ,! above   
picture gives a g5]al idea ( ! place1 ) 
! ,jungfrau n9e miles 9 ! di/ance4      
,illu/ration3 ,,gr9delwald1             
,,switz]l&4--,gr9delwald is a l>ge      

village ( widely-scatt]$ h\ses1 9 ! he>t
 ( ! ,alps & ne> ! sn[-fields4 ,x is an 
excell5t />t+-po9t = m\nta9 excursions1 
& also a favorite summ] resort1 !       
situation be+ %elt]$ & heal?ful4 ,!     
place owes its reputation *iefly to its 
glaci]s close by4 ,?ree gigantic m\nta9s
 b\nd ! valley4 ,9 ye>s :5 ice is sc>ce1
 ^! glaci]s s]ve z ice-qu>ries4         
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,?\s& ,,foot ,,*asm1  
,,gr9delwald1 ,,switz]l&4--,! above     
picture repres5ts a *asm ov] a ?\s& feet
 9 dep?1 ) an almo/ p]p5dicul> wall (   
rock ris+ on bo? sides4 ,x has be5 cut  
d[n to its pres5t level by ! wat]s ( !  
melt+ sn[s & ice on ! m\nta9 above1 &   
/rongly impresses ! behold] ) ! p[] ( ! 
:eel ( "t4 ,! /ream 9 ! =egr\nd is only 
"o ( ! _m t rise into ! da%+ torr5ts )9 
a hundr$ y>ds f _! s\rce 9 ! ,alp9e     
c\ntry4  ,illu/ration3 ,,brunig ,,pass1 
,,switz]l&4--,!re is1 p]haps1 no o!r    
c\ntry 9 ! _w t c boa/ ( su* exp5sive & 
magnific5t public roads z ,switz]l&4    
,?is picture repres5ts ! ov]-hang+ rock 

( ! ,brunig ,pass1 on ! way f ,luc]ne to
 ,int]lak54 ,high up1 along !           
m\nta9-side1 ! road w9ds its way1 af=d+ 
to ! behold] a magnific5t panorama ( !  
di/ant sn[-fields above1 & ! gre5       
valleys & placid lakes bel[4            
,illu/ration3 ,,luc]ne1 ,,switz]l&4--,! 
above is ! capital ( ! canton ( ,luc]ne1
 & "o ( ! ?ree seats ( ! ,swiss ,diet on
 ! ,r5se1 locat$ tw5ty-five miles f     
,zuri* by rail4 ,x is highly            
picturesque1 enclos$ by a wall &        
wat*-t[]s4 ,! pr9cipal edifices are a   
ca!dral & o!r f9e *ur*es1 sev]al        
conv5ts1 a t[n hall1 an ars5al ) anci5t 
armor1 two hospitals1 an orphan asylum1 
jail1 !atre1 & cov]$ bridges adorn$ )   
anci5t pa9t+s4 ,x is a v attractive     
summ] resort1 ! above picture %[+ its   
pr9cipal prom5ade4  ,illu/ration3       
,,rigi1 ,,switz]l&4--,! ,rigi is a gr\p 
( m\nta9s ab\t tw5ty-five miles 9       
circumf]5ce1 ly+ betwe5 lakes ,luc]ne1  
,zug & ,l[]z4 ,! nor? side is           
precipit\s1 b ! s\? side consi/s ( broad

 t]races & g5tle slopes1 cov]$ ) fre%1  
gre5 pa/ures1 :i* support upw>ds ( f\r  
?\s& head ( cattle2 x is plant$ t[>d !  
base ) fig1 *e/nut & almond trees4 ,!   
photograph repres5ts ! ,rigi incl9$     
railway4  ,illu/ration3 ,,rigi-,,kulm1  
,,switz]l&4--,! summit ( ! ,rigi1 ow+ to
 its isolat$ position1 comm&s an        
ext5sive view1 ?ree hundr$ miles 9      
circumf]5ce1 t is unsurpass$ = beauty 9 
,switz]l&4 ,9 #ahaf a v mode/ hotel 0   
erect$ on ! ,kulm by private            
subscriptions1 & 9 #ahdh x 0 sup]s$$ by 
! olde/ ( ! ?ree h\ses on ! ,kulm4 ,s9ce
 !n ! numb] ( inns has be5 /eadily      
increas+1 & ! ,rigi is n[ "o ( ! mo/    
popul> ,swiss resorts1 & is visit$ by   
?\s&s ( t\ri/s ye>ly4  ,illu/ration3    
,,pilatus1 ,,switz]l&4--,?is l(ty m\nta9
 rises boldly 9 a rugg$ & impos+ mass1  
almo/ isolat$ f ! surr\nd+ heights4     
,pilatus 0 =m]ly "o ( ! be/ kn[n ,swiss 
m\nta9s1 b 9 lat] ye>s x 0 supplant$ by 
! ,rigi4 ,an incl9$ railway ext5ds f !  
base to ! summit1 & is said to be "o ( !

 bolde/ und]tak+s ( its k9d ev] c>ri$   
?r\gh4 ,_m leg5ds are connect$ )        
,pilatus4 ,"o ( ! olde/ is1 t :5        
,pontius ,pilate 0 bani%$ f ,galilee he 
fl$ hi!r1 &1 9 ! bitt]ness ( 8 remorse1 
dr[n$ himself 9 ! lake4  ,illu/ration3  
,,simplon',s ,,pass1 ,,switz]l&4--,?is  
is ! fir/ ,alp9e r\te aft] ,br5n]1      
con/ruct$ by ord] ( ,napoleon ,i4 ,a    
good walk] may easily out/rip ! dilig5ce
 9 asc5d+ f ei!r side1 especially if he 
takes %ort cuts4 ,at ! highe/ po9t ( !  
,simplon is a l>ge build+1 ) a l(ty     
flight ( /airs1 f\nd$ by ,napoleon1 = ! 
reception ( travel]s1 & subject to !    
same rules z t ( ! ,great ,/4 ,b]n>d4   
,?is fam\s m\nta9-road is se5 9 !       
=egr\nd pass+ ?r\gh ! t[n ( ,simplon1 a 
little village 9 ! v he>t ( ! ,alps4    
,illu/ration3 ,,z]matt ,,& ,,!          
,,matt]horn1 ,,switz]l&4--,! =m] lies 9 
a gre5 valley1 ) p9e-clad slopes1 :ile  
to ! left rises ! huge rock-pyramid ( ! 
,matt]horn4 ,9 no o!r locality is !     
travel] s completely admitt$ into ! he>t

 ( ! ,alp9e _w z "h4 ,! ,matt]horn 0    
asc5d$ = ! fir/ "t on ! #ad? ( ,july1   
#ahfe1 b ! asc5t is n[ frequ5tly made4  
,! rock has be5 bla/$ at ! mo/ difficult
 po9ts1 & a rope atta*$ to x1 s t ! mo/ 
=midable difficulties h be5 remov$2 b   
ev5 n[ ! asc5t is seldom made by any b  
pr(ici5t climb]s4  ,illu/ration3        
,,*am\nix ,,& ,,mont ,,blanc4--,?is     
,alp9e valley is mu* frequ5t$ 9 summ]1  
ow+ to its imm$iate proximity to ,mont  
,blanc4 ,x is inf]ior 9 picturesqu5ess  
to "s o!r portions ( ,switz]l&1 b       
sup]ior 9 gr&eur ( its glaci]s1 9 :i*   
respect x has no rival b ,z]matt4 ,!    
picture %[s ! little village ( ,*am\nix1
 ) its few hotels & peasant homes 9 !   
valley bel[1 & ! p]petual ice & sn[ 9 ! 
backgr\nd1 seem+ly b a few m9utes' walk 
away1 yet requir+ a good two h\rs'      
j\rney on mule-back4 ,app>5t ,alp9e     
di/ances are v deceptive4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,engleb]g1 ,,switz]l&4--,engleb]g is  
l(tily & prettily situat$ 9 ! great     
m\nta9 region ( ! ,alps1 ) a population 

( ab\t two ?\s& inhabitants4 ,! *ur* :i*
 appe>s ne>e/ ! m\nta91 is q anci5t1 b  
conta9s fam\s mod]n pictures4 ,!        
sn[-cov]$ m\nta9s1 five miles 9 !       
di/ance1 *ange ! climate 9 summ]1 s t ! 
t\ri/ c we> an ov]coat ) com=t4 ,! w9t]s
 are v sev]e1 & on acc\nt ( ! deep sn[s1
 ! inhabitants are sometimes compell$ to
 rema9 indoors = eight weeks4 ,! h\ses &
 b>ns are g5]ally "u "o ro(4            
,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,got?>d ,,railway1  
,,switz]l&4--,! railway "h passes ?r\gh 
beautiful l&scapes1 ri*ly wood$ ) walnut
 & *e/nut trees1 on ! left bank ( !     
,tic9o4 ,num]\s ,campaniles 9 ! ,italian
 /yle1 cr[n+ ! hills1 h a v picturesque 
effect4 ,! peaks above are cov]$ ) sn[4 
,f ! cliffs on e side1 fall cascades4   
,huge masses ( rock lie scatt]$ ab\t4   
,?ree tunnels ( ! railway are se5 9 !   
picture1 ! latt] mak+ a desc5t ( ?ree   
hundr$ feet by means ( two loop-tunnels1
 "o bel[ ! o!r1 9 cork-screw fa%ion4    
,illu/ration3 ,,ax5/rasse1              
,,switz]l&4--,?is fam\s road ext5ds n9e 

miles along ! ,lake ( ,uri1 f ,brunn5 to
 ,fluel51 & is not$ = ! rem>kable       
boldness display$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,x 
is to a great ext5t hewn out ( solid    
rock1 cut l a %elf into ! side ( !      
m\nta91 ) occasional pill>s to hold !   
?\s&s ( tons ( rock above1 & a /rong    
balu/rade to gu>d travel]s f tumbl+ ov] 
! abrupt precipice into ! lake _m feet  
bel[4 ,x is ! great highway lead+ f     
,switz]l& to ,italy1 & is reg>d$ z "o ( 
! mo/ picturesque roads 9 ! _w4         
,illu/ration3 ,,panorama ,,( ,,vi5na1   
,,au/ria--,! capital ( ! ,empire (      
,au/ria & resid5ce ( ! ,emp]or1 is      
situat$ 9 a pla9 surr\nd$ by di/ant     
m\nta9s1 ! ,danube ,canal fl[+ ?r\gh a  
portion ( ! city4 ,x 0 orig9ally a      
,celtic settlem5t1 dat+ back to #ad ,a4 
,d4 ,! /reets ( ! pres5t city are n>r[1 
g5]ally well-pav$ & enclos$ by v l(ty   
h\ses4 ,a great numb] ( old passages    
?r\gh ! c\rts ( h\ses1 by means ( :i*   
p$e/rians may (t5 make a %ort cut1 are  
/ill se54 ,9 ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury1    

,vi5na has acquir$ an importance z a    
seat ( art4  ,illu/ration3 ,,hotel      
,,metropole1 ,,vi5na1 ,,au/ria4--,on a  
bran* ( ! ,danube1 fl[+ ?r\gh ! he>t ( !
 ,city ( ,vi5na1 /&s ! ,hotel           
,metropole1 an enorm\s build+1 admirably
 adapt$ = travel]s4 ,! picture %[s a    
prom95t feature 9 ! /reet ar*itecture ( 
,vi5na2 & ! ,metropole is only "o ( ! _m
 private & public build+s ( colossal    
dim5sions :i* h sprung up )9 ! la/ few  
ye>s4 ,! int]iors ( all ^! /ructures are
 g5]ally decorat$ ?r\gh\t ) pa9t+ &     
sculpture1 :i* %[s ! p]fection atta9$ by
 ! ,vi5ese 9 ! f9e arts4  ,illu/ration3 
,,*ur* ,,( ,,/4 ,,/eph51 ,,vi5na1       
,,au/ria4--,?is is ! mo/ important      
edifice 9 ! ,au/rian capital1 dat+ back 
9 its con/ruction to ! ?irte5? c5tury4  
,x is con/ruct$ ( solid lime/one1 &     
built 9 ! =m ( a ,lat9 cross4 ,bel[ !   
*ur* are ext5sive catacombs1 consi/+ (  
?ree vaults1 fill$ ) bones & skulls4    
,c5turies ago1 ! sov]eigns ( ,au/ria 7  
buri$ 9 ^! vaults4 ,! ,t[]1 built betwe5

 #ahfj & #ahfd1 af=ds an ext5sive view1 
embrac+ ! riv] ,danube & ! battle-fields
 ( ,loban1 ,wagram & ,essl+4            
,illu/ration3 ,,!seus 7,,by ,,canoya71  
,,volksg>t51 ,,vi5na1 ,,au/ria4--,9 !   
c5tre ( ?is pleasure gr\nd /&s ! ,temple
 ( ,!seus1 conta9+ ,canova's f9e m>ble  
gr\p ( ! victory ( ,!seus ov] ,c5taur1  
orig9ally de/9$ by ,napoleon ,i4 =      
,milan4 ,! figures are ( h]oic size4 ,! 
victori\s ,!seus is repres5t$ z seat$ on
 ! lifeless body ( ! mon/]1 & !         
exhau/ion t visibly p]vades 8 :ole      
frame1 proves ! t]rible nature ( !      
conflict 9 :i* he has be5 engag$4       
,illu/ration3 ,,s*onbrunn1              
,,au/ria4--,?is sumptu\s edifice1 !     
summ] palace ( ! ,au/rian ,emp]or1 0    
complet$ by ,m>ia ,!resa 9 #agge4 ,!    
build+ has a mo/ impos+ appe>ance4 ,!   
g>d5s 9 ! re> are op5 to ! public4 ,to !
 left ( ! pr9cipal av5ue are ! ,roman   
ru9s1 ! ,obelisk & ! ,s*ne ,brunn5      
7beautiful f\nta971 f :i* ! palace      
d]ives its "n4 ,/atues1 vases & o!r     

objects ( ta/e ( ! p]iod are scatt]$    
ab\t ! gr\nd4 ,ext5sive p>ks are atta*$ 
to ! palace4  ,illu/ration3 ,,galata    
,,bridge1 ,,con/ant9ople1               
,,turkey4--,along ! nor? %ore ( ! ,gold5
 ,horn spreads ! qu>t] kn[n z ,galata1  
ris+ up to ! cre/ ( ! hill1 & includ+ ! 
massive t[] t cr[ns x4 ,beyond & above  
,galata1 ,p]a /ret*es =w>d along ! ridge
 t runs p>allel ) ! %ore4 ,^! places are
 connect$ ) ,con/ant9ople by two bridges
 cross+ ! ,gold5 ,horn4 ,"o ( ^! bridges
 is repres5t$ 9 ! above picture4 ,unlike
 ^? ( mo/ o!r c\ntries1 p d n keep on ! 
sidewalks1 b w&] along 9 any portion ( !
 /reet4 ,! sc5e on ! ,bridge ( ,galata  
af=ds an int]e/+ subject = /udy4        
,illu/ration3 ,,mosque ,,( ,,/4         
,,sophia1 ,,con/ant9ople1               
,,turkey4--,?is is ! f9e/ & mo/         
important ecclesia/ical build+ ( ! city4
 ,! fir/ /one ( ! build+ 0 laid 9 #ecb4 
,no few] ?an t5 ?\s& workm5 are said to 
h be5 engag$ "u ! direction ( "o hundr$ 
ma/] build]s1 & :5 ! "w 0 complet$1 x _h

 co/ ! imp]ial treasury #e1jjj1jjj4 ,!  
dome rises to ! height ( "o hundr$ &    
eighty feet1 & is "o hundr$ & sev5 feet 
9 diamet]4 ,to r5d] x z light z         
possible1 x 0 con/ruct$ ( pumice /one & 
,rhodian bricks4 ,n long aft] its       
completion1 ! dome 0 %ak5 by an         
e>?quake1 b 0 imm$iately re/or$4        
,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque
 ,,( ,,/4 ,,sophia1 ,,con/ant9ople1     
,,turkey4--,! :ole int]ior ( ?is not$   
/ructure is l9$ ) co/ly m>ble4 ,to add  
to its spl5dor1 ! temples ( ! anci5t    
gods at ,heliopolis & ,ephesus1 at      
,delos & ,baalbec1 at ,a!ns & ,cyzicus1 
7 plund]$ ( _! columns4 ,to secure !    
build+ f ravages ( fire1 no wood 0      
employ$ 9 its con/ruction except = !    
doors4 ,! visitor _c fail to be impress$
 by ! bold span ( ! ar*es & ! /ill bold]
 sweep ( ! dome1 :ile 8 eye is at once  
bewild]$ & *>m$ by ! ri*1 if n altoge!r 
h>moni\s1 v>iety ( decorations1 f ! _m  
color$ pill>s d[n to ! mosaics &        
inscriptions on ! walls4  ,illu/ration3 

,,/reet ,,sc5e1 ,,con/ant9ople1         
,,turkey4--,! ,am]ican travel] ^u ent]+ 
?is city is almo/ bewild]$ at ! _m      
novelties t confront him be=e he rea*es 
8 hotel4 ,no?+ /rikes him m =cibly ?an !
 awful sil5ce t p]vades s l>ge a place4 
,! only s\nd he>d is an occasional cry (
 "s v5d]1 ) a l>ge wood5 tray on 8 head1
 sell+ sweetmeats1 %]bet1 fruit or      
bread4 ,dogs at int]vals di/urb !       
p$e/rian4 ,hundr$s ( !m lie 9 ! middle (
 ! /reet1 & only move :5 ar\s$ by bl[s4 
,at t5 o'clock at night1 ! city is z    
sil5t z dea?4  ,illu/ration3 ,,mosque   
,,( ,,sultan ,,ahm$1 ,,con/ant9ople1    
,,turkey4--,( all ! mosques 9 ! ,ottoman
 ,empire1 ?is is ! pr9cipal "o4 ,x is n 
z ri*ly decorat$ z ,/4 ,sophia1 b x is !
 only "o t possesses six m9>ets4 ,x is  
locat$ on a squ>e call$ ! ,hippodrome1  
nam$ aft] ! spot t 0 9 =m] ye>s us$ =   
circus purposes4 ,! ext]ior view gives x
 a magnific5t appe>ance4 ,! place is "o 
( ! *ief objects ( int]e/ 9 ! city4 ,!  
crumbl+ monum5t 9 ! =egr\nd is a relic (

 antiquity4  ,illu/ration3 ,,turki%     
,,lady1 ,,con/ant9ople1 ,,turkey4       
,illu/ration3 ,,/reet ,,m]*ants1        
,,con/ant9ople1 ,,turkey4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,sultan',s ,,h>em1 ,,con/ant9ople1    
,,turkey4--,?is photograph repres5ts an 
odalisque1 "o ( ! beautiful inmates ( ! 
h>em ( ! ,sultan ( ,turkey4 ,!          
photograph] :o took ?is picture f\nd h] 
mo/ c\rte\s & oblig+1 & able to conv]se 
flu5tly 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5* & ,g]man4      
,abdul ,mez$1 :o rul$ ,turkey dur+ !    
,crimean ,w>1 _h #abjj wives &          
odalisques 9 8 h>em4 ,:5 a ,turki%      
,sultan wi%es to %[ especial honor to a 
subject1 he makes him a pres5t ( "o ( ! 
ca/-(f wives4 ,to refuse ! gift w\ld be 
to invite dea?4 ,! h>em is cont9ually   
recruit$ by ! gifts ( ^? :o wi% to c>ry 
favor ) ! ,sultan1 & ^! comprise slaves 
( e nationality4  ,illu/ration3         
,,acropolis1 ,,a!ns4--,! natural c5tre (
 all ! settlem5ts 9 ! ,attic pla9 )9 !  
hi/orical p]iod 0 ! ,acropolis1 a rocky 
plateau ( cry/all9e lime/one1 ris+      

precipit\sly to a height ( two hundr$   
feet4 ,! semi-my?ical ,pelasgi1 ( :om b 
a few isolat$ traces h be5 f\nd 9       
,attica1 are said to h level$ ! top1    
increas$ ! natural /eepness ( ! rock on 
?ree sides1 & =tifi$ ! only accessible  
"p by n9e gates4 ,x 0 ! e>lie/ seat ( ! 
,a!nian k+s1 :o "h sat 9 judgm5t &      
assembl$ _! c\ncils1 z well z ( ! *ief  
sanctu>ies ( ! ,/ate4  ,illu/ration3    
,,p>!non1 ,,a!ns1 ,,greece4--,?is       
/ructure is ! mo/ p]fect monum5t (      
anci5t art1 & ev5 9 ru9s pres5ts an     
impos+ & s\l-/irr+ appe>ance1 occupy+ ! 
culm9at+ po9t ( ! ,acropolis4 ,x 0      
erect$ by ,p]icles & op5$ = public      
wor%ip 9 #dcc ,b4,c4 ,! cr[n+ glory ( ! 
,p>!non 0 its magnific5t sculpture1     
ascrib$ to ,phidias1 regi/]+ ! highe/   
level ev] atta9$ 9 pla/ic art4 ,!       
,p>!non 0 us$ z a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 !    
fif? c5tury4 ,9 #adfj x became ! ,turki%
 ,mosque1 & 9 #afgj ! /ately edifice 0  
bl[n into ru9s4  ,illu/ration3 ,,gr&    
,,ca!dral ,,& ,,squ>e1 ,,milan1         

,,italy4--,?is is ! focus ( ! comm]cial 
& public life ( ! city1 & is n[ enclos$ 
by impos+ edifices on e side4 ,!        
celebrat$ ,ca!dral1 ! eigh? wond] ( !   
_w1 is next to ,/4 ,pet]'s 9 ,rome1 !   
l>ge/ *ur* 9 ,europe4 ,x cov]s an area (
 f\rte5 ?\s& squ>e y>ds1 & holds ab\t   
=ty ?\s& p4 ,! build+ is 9 cruci=m %ape1
 ) d\ble aisles & transept4 ,! int]ior  
is support$ by fifty-two pill>s1 ea*    
twelve feet 9 diamet]4 ,! floor consi/s 
( mosaic1 9 m>ble ( diff]5t colors4     
,illu/ration3 ,,corso ,,v5ezia1 ,,milan1
 ,,italy4--,! pr9cipal %opp+ /reet ( !  
city1 & ! favorite prom5ade ( !         
,milanese is "h repres5t$4 ,! build+s h 
a mod]n aspect1 ) little balconies at   
almo/ e w9d[1 :i* are (t5 adorn$ )      
plants1 fl[]s & creep+ v9es4 ,! /reet1  
:i* is well pav$1 is wide1 ext5d+ almo/ 
f h\se to h\se4 ,! pavem5ts are v n>r[1 
consi/+ ( only f\r smoo? slabs ( /one1  
laid side by side4 ,! %op-w9d[s are     
decorat$ 9 ! mo/ tempt+ /yle ) ! w>es ( 
! v>i\s m]*ants4 ,! picture 0 secur$ 9 !

 e>ly morn+1 giv+ ! /reet a des]t$ look1
 :i* at all o!r times is cr[d$ ) p4     
,illu/ration3 ,,exposition ,,build+s1   
,,tur91 ,,italy4--,! city ( ,tur9 0 !   
capital ( ! c\nty ( ,pi$mont 9 ! ,middle
 ,ages1 & 9 #adah x became subject to ! 
,dukes ( ,savoy1 :o frequ5tly resid$ "h4
 ,f #ahei to #ahfe x 0 ! capital (      
,italy1 & ! resid5ce ( ! ,k+4 ,x lies on
 an ext5sive pla9 on ! banks ( ! ,riv]  
,po4 ,tur9 0 ! *ief c5tre ( ^? national 
/ruggles :i* l$ to a unification (      
,italy4 ,! removal ( ! seat ( gov]nm5t  
to ,flor5ce s]i\sly impair$ ! prosp]ity 
( ! city = a "t1 b x long s9ce recov]$1 
& celebrat$ its comm]cial success 9     
#ahhd by ! exhibition4  ,illu/ration3   
,,duke ,,f]d9& ,,( ,,g5oa1 ,,tur91      
,,italy4--,9 ! c5tre ( ! piazza ,solf]9o
 /&s ! eque/rian /atue ( ,duke ,f]d9& ( 
,g5oa1 comm&+-g5]al at ! battle (       
,nov>a4 ,! /atue 0 execut$ by ,balzico1 
& is rem>kable = ! life-l expression ( !
 w\nd$ horse1 ) ext5d$ no/rils & gasp+  
brea?1 s9k+ "u ! burd5 ( 8 gallant rid]4

 ,?is piazza is "o ( ! prettie/ spots ( 
,tur94 ,private resid5ces face x on e   
side1 ) slop+ lawns reliev$ by b$s (    
fl[]s4  ,illu/ration3 ,,g5oa1           
,,italy4--,g5oa1 ) a population ( ab\t  
#bjj1jjj1 is locat$ 9 ! nor!rn portion (
 ! ,p59sula1 & is ! pr9cipal seaport (  
,italy4 ,! city is 9 ! =m ( a cresc5t1 &
 its gradual asc5t f ! %ore1 r5d]s its  
appe>ance beautiful & attractive4 ,x is 
enclos$ by a d\ble l9e ( =tifications1  
:i* places x among ! lead+ =tifi$ cities
 9 ,europe4 ,a beautiful light-h\se on !
 we/ side1 #cjj feet 9 height1 /&s l a  
s5t9el on ! edge ( ! bay4 ,9 ! old]     
portions ( ! city1 ! /reets are only t5 
feet wide & are l9$ ) high build+s on   
bo? sides4  ,illu/ration3 ,,/atue ,,(   
,,columbus1 ,,g5oa1 ,,italy4--,9 ! front
 ( ! pr9cipal railway /ation1 rises !   
/atue ( ,columbus1 :o 0 born at ,g5oa 9 
#adce4 ,! /atue is 9 ! c5tre ( ! spaci\s
 ,piazza ,acquav]de1 embosom$ 9         
palm-trees4 ,! p$e/al is adorn$ ) %ips' 
pr[s4 ,at ! feet ( ! /atue1 :i* leans on

 an an*or1 kneels ! figure ( ,am]ica4 ,!
 surr\nd+ allegorical figures repres5t  
,religion1 ,sci5ce1 ,geography1 ,/r5g? &
 ,wisdom4 ,betwe5 ^!1 are reliefs f !   
hi/ory ( ,columbus1 ) ! inscription1 ,a 
,*ri/(oro ,colombo la ,patria4          
,illu/ration3 ,,lean+ ,,t[]1 ,,pisa1    
,,italy4--,pisa is pr9cipally not$ = its
 fam\s ,lean+ ,t[]1 begun 9 #aagd1 &    
built ( :ite m>ble2 x is #agh feet high1
 & front$ ) #bjg columns4 ,x is #ej feet
 9 diamet]1 & leans #ac feet f !        
p]p5dicul>4 ,! f\ndation be+ made       
insuffici5tly solid1 x began to incl9e  
be=e x 0 "o-?ird complet$4 ,! ,ca!dral  
on ! "r 0 begun 9 #afjd1 & consecrat$ 9 
#afah by ,pope ,gelasius2 x conta9s !   
fam\s *&eli] :i* ,galileo saw sw++1 &   
:i* l$ to 8 inv5tion ( ! p5dulum ( !    
clock4 ,! ,bapti/ry1 close by1 is not$ =
 its m>vel\s e*o4  ,illu/ration3        
,,palace ,,( ,,! ,,doges1 ,,v5ice1      
,,italy4--,?is magnific5t edifice1 f\nd$
 9 #hjj1 & de/roy$ five times1 has z (t5
 be5 re-erect$ 9 gr&] /yle4 ,! palace is

 flank$ ) colonnades1 =m+ two po9t$     
arcades on ! s\? & we/4 ,! upp] portion 
( ! build+ is con/ruct$ ( r$ & :ite     
m>ble4 ,! int]ior pres5ts a noble       
specim5 ( ,v5etian art4 ,_m fam\s ma/]s 
are "h repres5t$1 ! subjects ei!r       
portray+ ! glory ( ,v5ice1 or be+ ( a   
religi\s ord]4 ,! ,bridge ( ,sighs      
connects ! palace ) ! prison adjo9+1 :i*
 conta9s a s]ies ( gloomy dungeons1 a   
torture *amb] & a place ( execution =   
political crim9als4  ,illu/ration3 ,,gr&
 ,,canal1 ,,v5ice1 ,,italy4--,?is canal1
 ! ma9 art]y ( ! traffic ( ,v5ice1 ne>ly
 two miles 9 l5g?1 & ?irty-?ree to      
sixty-six y>ds 9 wid?1 int]sects ! city 
f nor?-we/ to s\?-ea/1 divid+ x into two
 unequal p>ts4 ,/eam-laun*es1 hundr$s ( 
gondolas & o!r vessels are se5 glid+ 9 e
 direction4 ,h&some h\ses & magnific5t  
palaces rise on ! banks1 = ?is is !     
/reet ( ! ,nobili1 ! anci5t ari/ocracy (
 ,v5ice4 ,a b>ge1 ) a milit>y b&1       
navigates ! canal e ,sunday ev5+4 ,a    
trip on ! canal is extremely int]e/+2 ! 

po/s are pa9t$ ) ! h]aldic colors ( _!  
proprietors4  ,illu/ration3 ,,ca!dral   
,,( ,,/4 ,,m>k1 ,,v5ice1 ,,italy4--,fac+
 ! piazza ( ,/4 ,m>k1 :i* is 9 ! he>t ( 
,v5ice & ! gr& focus ( attraction1 rises
 ! magnific5t ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,m>k1      
decorat$ ) almo/ ori5tal spl5dor4 ,!    
build+ dates back to ! t5? & elev5?     
c5turies1 & portions ( ! mat]ials us$ 9 
its con/ruction h be5 br\ght f almo/ e  
c\ntry 9 ,europe4 ,! ceil+ ( ! int]ior  
is ri*ly adorn$ ) mosaics 9 ! =m ( v>i\s
 not$ pa9t+s4 ,beh9d ! ,high ,alt>      
repose ! rema9s ( ,/4 ,m>k1 :ile fur!r  
back /& f\r spiral columns said to h    
belong$ to ! ,temple ( ,solomon4 ,!     
build+ to ! "r is ! ,ducal ,palace4     
,illu/ration3 ,,v5ice1 ,,italy4--,!     
capital ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,v5ice1 is       
situat$ on ! lagoons1 a long brea/ (    
l[l&s 9 ! ,adriatic4 ,= a "t x 0 ! fir/ 
m>itime & comm]cial p[] ( ! _w1 & "o ( !
 f9e/ cities 9 ,europe1 b n[ x is no?+ b
 a va/ museum4 ,! eighty isl&s on :i*   
,v5ice is built1 are divid$ by wide &   

n>r[ canals1 :ile small foot-pa?s w9d   
?r\gh\t ! city1 occasionally cross+ a   
canal1 z is se5 by ! bridge 9 ! above   
picture4 ,v5ice is popul>ly kn[n z !    
,que5 ( ! ,adriatic4  ,illu/ration3 ,,! 
,,rialto1 ,,v5ice1 ,,italy4--,?is fam\s 
bridge1 "o hundr$ & fifty-eight feet    
long & =ty-six feet wide1 re/s on twelve
 hundr$ po/s4 ,x 0 erect$ f #aehh to    
#aeia4 ,its sides are l9$ ) little %ops1
 ext5d+ f a fi%-m>ket at "o end1 pa/    
jewelry-%ops 9 ! c5tre ( ! /ructure1 d[n
 to a fruit-m>ket at ! o!r side4 ,x     
always pres5ts a busy appe>ance1 & is   
consid]$ a m>vel ( eng9e]+ skill1 & "o (
 ! f9e/ bridges 9 ! _w4 ,! picture      
repres5ts ! annual p>ade on ! ,gr&      
,canal1 ) ! ,rialto 9 ! backgr\nd1 :i*  
is always ! rally+ c5tre on su*         
occasions4  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ca!dral1
 ,,flor5ce1 ,,italy4--,?is /ately       
edifice1 erect$ f #abid to #adfb1 on !  
site ( ! e>li] *ur* ( ,/4 ,rep>ata1 is a
 /rik+ example ( ,italian ar*itecture4  
,! *ur* 0 f9ally consecrat$ 9 #adcf1 b !

 lant]n on ! top ( ! dome 0 n complet$  
until #adfb4 ,! build+ is "o hundr$ &   
eighty-five & "o-half y>ds long1 & "o   
hundr$ & f\rte5 y>ds wide2 ! dome is    
?ree hundr$ feet high4 ,! bell-t[]1 a   
squ>e /ructure adjo9+ ! ca!dral1 two    
hundr$ & n9ety-two feet 9 height1 is    
reg>d$ z "o ( ! f9e/ exi/+ works ( its  
k9d4 ,x consi/s ( f\r /ories ( ri*ly    
decorat$ & color$ m>bles4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,vec*io ,,bridge1 ,,flor5ce1          
,,italy4--,flor5ce is situat$ on bo?    
banks ( ! ,arno1 b by f> ! greate/ "p ( 
! city lies on ! "r bank4 ,! bridge 9 ! 
picture dates back to ! f\rte5? c5tury1 
& is flank$ on bo? sides ) %ops :i* h   
belong$ to gold-smi?s ev] s9ce _!       
erection4 ,x =ms "o ( ! pr9cipal        
bridgeways betwe5 ! city prop] & t      
portion ( ,flor5ce :i* /&s on ! s\? bank
 ( ! ,arno1 & has always be5 consid]$ "o
 ( ! greate/ sights ( ! t[n4            
,illu/ration3 ,,monk1                   
,,italy4--,mona/icism prim>ily meant !  
/ate ( dwell+ alone2 & !n1 by an easy & 

natural transition1 x came to d5ote a   
life ( pov]ty1 celibacy & div9e ob$i5ce 
"u fix$ rules ( discipl9e4 ,! radical   
idea ( ! t]m1 9 all its v>ieties ( age1 
cre$ & c\ntry1 is ! same1 namely1       
retirem5t f society 9 se>* ( "s ideal   
life1 :i* society _c supply1 b :i* is   
?\ght atta9able by self-d5ial & )drawal 
f ! _w4 ,! picture repres5ts an ,italian
 monk 9 fun]al attire4  ,illu/ration3   
,,loggia ,,dei ,,lanzi1 ,,flor5ce1      
,,italy4--,?is magnific5t op5-vault$    
hall is "o ( ! k9d ) :i* x 0 usual to   
provide bo? public & private patrons (  
,flor5ce1 9 ord] t ! inmate might enjoy 
! op5 air or p>ticipate 9 public        
demon/rations1 )\t be+ oblig$ to desc5d 
to ! /reet4 ,! /yle ( ar*itecture %[s a 
fall+ (f f ! ,go?ic1 :ile ! works (     
sculpture1 repres5t+ ,fai?1 ,hope &     
,*>ity1 ,temp]ance & ,=titude1 exhibit  
an incipi5t lean+ t[>d ,r5aissance =ms4 
,e aft]noon ! ,loggia is cr[d$ ) ! poor]
 p ( ,flor5ce1 :o seek a cool spot 9 !  
op5 air4  ,illu/ration3 ,,uffizi        

,,build+s1 ,,flor5ce1 ,,italy4--,?is    
gall]y orig9at$ ) ! ,m$ici collections &
 0 aft]w>ds s improv$ ) ! num]\s        
additions by ! ,lorra9e ,family1 t x is 
n[ "o ( ! be/ 9 ! _w1 bo? = value &     
ext5t4 ,! ,portico ( ! ,uffizi ,gall]y1 
se5 on bo? sides ( ! op5 c\rt1 conta9s  
ni*es1 :i* are adorn$ ) m>ble /atues (  
celebrat$ ,tuscans4 ,at ! f>!/ end ( !  
c\rt1 rises ! ,vec*io ,palace1 a ca/le-l
 build+1 ) huge project+ battlem5ts1 be+
 orig9ally ! seat ( ! ,signora1 &       
subsequ5tly us$ z a cas9o4              
,illu/ration3 ,,rape ,,( ,,polyx5a 7,,by
 ,,f$i71 ,,loggia ,,dei ,,lanzi1        
,,flor5ce1 ,,italy4--,polyx5a1 accord+  
to ,greek leg5d1 0 ! daught] ( ,priam1  
,k+ ( ,troy4 ,hav+ by h] grace & beauty 
captivat$ ,a*illes1 ! ,grecian h]o1 %e 0
 betro!d to him4 ,b ,a*illes 0 sla9 by  
,p>is1 son ( ,priam2 & aft] 8 dea? & !  
de/ruction ( ,troy1 8 manes appe>$ to ! 
return+ ,greeks1 & dem&$ ( !m !         
sacrifice ( ,polyx5a4 ,! ,greeks        
cons5t$1 & ,neoptolemus1 ! son (        

,a*illes1 sacrific$ h] on 8 fa!r's      
grave4 ,?is "w ( art is ( mod]n         
execution4 ,x 0 plac$ 9 ! ,loggia 9     
#ahff4  ,illu/ration3 ,,wild ,,bo>1     
,,uffizi ,,gall]y1 ,,flor5ce1 ,,italy4  
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,gr9d]1 ,,uffizi     
,,gall]y1 ,,flor5ce1 ,,italy4--,?is     
magnific5t /atue 0 f\nd 9 ,rome 9 !     
sixte5? c5tury4 ,x has nev] be5 exactly 
asc]ta9$ :at x repres5ts1 b x is suppos$
 to be a ,scy?ian :ett+ 8 knife to flay 
,m>syas4  ,illu/ration3 ,,appian ,,way &
 ,,tomb ,,( ,c,,cilia ,,metella1        
,,italy4--,?is milit>y road1 pav$ ) /one
 blocks1 & ext5d+ f ,br9disi to ,rome1 0
 con/ruct$ by ,appius ,claudius ,ccus1  
#cab ,b4,c4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t "t its pr\d
 anci5t title is t ( ! ,que5 ( ,roads1 &
 x is rememb]$ z be+ ! way on :i* ,/4   
,paul came to ,rome4 ,! tomb ( ,ccilia  
,metella1 :i* =ms an int]e/+ &          
conspicu\s object1 is a circul> /ructure
 sixty-five feet 9 diamet]1 erect$ 9    
honor ( ! daught] ( ,metellus ,creticus1
 wife ( ! y\ng] ,crassus1 son ( !       

triumvir4  ,illu/ration3 ,,pyramid ,,(  
,,ce/ius ,,& ,,/4 ,,paul ,,gate1 ,,rome1
 ,,italy4--,! pyramid enclos$ by        
,aurelian )9 ! city & wall is ! tomb (  
,caius ,ce/ius1 :o di$ 9 ! ye> #ab ,b4  
,c4 ,! ,egyptian pyramidical =m 0 n     
unfrequ5tly adopt$ by ! ,romans 9 _!    
tombs4 ,t ( ,ce/ius is built ( brick &  
cov]$ ) m>ble blocks4 ,imm$iately to !  
"r ( ! pyramid is ! gate ( ,/4 ,paul1   
lead+ on to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,paul beyond4  
,midway betwe5 ! gate & *ur*1 leg5d     
says1 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul took leave (
 ea* o!r on _! la/ j\rney4              
,illu/ration3 ,,roman ,,=um1 ,,rome1    
,,italy4--,aft] ! ,sab9e tribes 7       
amalgamat$ into a s+le /ate1 !y *ose !  
,=um z its c5tre2 & x 0 !re t "s ( ! mo/
 not$ ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,roman       
,empire transpir$4 ,aft] ! ,samnite ,w>1
 :i* result$ 9 ! ext5sion ( ,rome's     
supremacy ov] all ,italy1 ! ,=um became 
too small = its multif>i\s bus9ess2 &   
!re=e und]w5t _m *anges4 ,aft] its      
de/ruction1 dur+ ! ,d>k ,ages1 its      

rema9s 7 gradually buri$ b5ea? ! rubbi% 
& debris ( "s =m] c5turies1 b h rec5tly 
be5 excavat$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,=um ,,(  
,,trajan1 ,,rome1 ,,italy4--,?is =um1   
:i* adjo9$ t ( ,augu/us1 conta9$ a      
collection ( magnific5t edifices1 & is  
said to h be5 design$ by ,apollodorus ( 
,damascus4 ,trajan's =um mu/ h measur$  
two hundr$ & tw5ty y>ds 9 wid?1 & 0     
probably ( /ill great] l5g?2 x 0        
consid]$ ! mo/ magnific5t 9 ,rome4 ,on !
 nor? side ( ! ,basilica rises ,trajan's
 ,column1 "o hundr$ & =ty-sev5 feet     
high1 con/ruct$ entirely ( m>ble4 ,ar\nd
 ! column runs a spiral b&1 cov]$ )     
admirable reliefs f ,trajan's ,w> ) !   
,dacians4 ,b5ea? ?is monum5t ,trajan 0  
int]r$2 on ! summit /ood 8 /atue1 n[    
replac$ by ,/ ,pet]'s4  ,illu/ration3   
,,ba?s ,,( ,,c>acalla1 ,,rome1          
,,italy4--,^! anci5t ba?s 7 begun 9 #bab
 by ,c>acalla1 & complet$ by ,alex4     
,sev]us1 & !y c\ld accommodate #afjj    
ba!rs at "o "t4 ,! magnific5ce ( ^! ba?s
 0 unp>allel$2 num]\s /atues1 includ+ ! 

,f>nese ,bull1 ,h]cules & ,flora at     
,naples1 h be5 f\nd "h2 & ! uncov]$     
walls /ill be> te/imony to ! te*nical   
p]fection ( ! /ructure4 ,! e/abli%m5t 0 
quadrangul> 9 =m1 & surr\nd$ by a wall4 
,illu/ration3 ,,colosseum1 ,,rome1      
,,italy4--,! ,colosseum1 orig9ally call$
 ! ,amphi!atrum ,flavium & complet$ by  
,titus 9 #hj ,a4,d41 0 ! l>ge/ !atre &  
"o ( ! mo/ impos+ /ructures 9 ! _w4 ,x 0
 inaugurat$ by #ajj days' gladiatorial  
combats1 9 :i* #ejjj wild animals 7     
kill$4 ,x conta9$ seats = #hg1jjj       
spectators4 ,only "o-?ird ( ! gigantic  
/ructure n[ rema9s1 yet ! ru9s are /ill 
/up5d\sly impressive4 ,! ,colosseum has 
ev] be5 a symbol ( ! greatness ( ,rome1 
& gave rise 9 ! eigh? c5tury to a       
prophetic say+ ( ! pilgrims3 ,:ile /&s !
 ,colosseum1 ,rome %all /&2 :5 falls !  
,colosseum1 ,rome %all fall2 & :5 ,rome 
falls1 ) x %all fall ! _w6              
,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,colosseum1
 ,,rome1 ,,italy4--,! ar*es ( ! fir/ ti]
 are m>k$ by ,roman numb]s1 z !y =m$ s  

_m entrances1 ?r\gh :i*1 by means (     
int]nal /airways1 ! upp] balconies 7    
rea*$4 ,! ,ar5a _h two op5+s enclos$ by 
rail+s ( bronze1 ?r\gh :i* ! gladiators 
& wild bea/s ent]$4 ,above 0 ! ,podium1 
a place int5d$ = ! ,emp]ors & _!        
families1 = ! magi/rates1 ! s5ators1 !  
prie/s & ! ve/als4 ,?\s&s ( ,*ri/ians 9 
?is place suff]$ m>tyrdom1 by becom+ !  
prey ( wild bea/s4 ,! picture pres5ts ! 
impos+ spectacle ( ! int]ior ( ?is      
monum5t at ! pres5t day4  ,illu/ration3 
,,pan!on1 ,,rome1 ,,italy4--,?is is !   
only anci5t edifice at ,rome :i* is /ill
 9 p]fect pres]vation1 z reg>ds ! walls 
& vault+4 ,! orig9al /atues &           
ar*itectural decorations h long s9ce be5
 replac$ by mod]n & inf]ior works1 b !  
huge circul> /ructure ) its va/         
colonnade /ill pres5ts a /rik+ly impos+ 
appe>ance4 ,! walls are tw5ty feet 9    
?ickness & 7 orig9ally cov]$ ) m>ble &  
/ucco4 ,! height & diamet] ( ! dome are 
ea* "o hundr$ & =ty feet4 ,! op5+ ( !   
dome at ! top is ?irty feet 9 diamet]1 &

 ?r\gh ?is ap]ture ! anci5ts suppos$ !  
gods to desc5d4 ,! build+ is suppos$ to 
h be5 con/ruct$ 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,b4 ,c4 
,illu/ration3 ,,bridge ,,( ,,/4 ,,angelo
 ,,& ,,tomb ,,( ,,hadrian1 ,,rome1      
,,italy4--,?is bridge is ( mo/ anci5t   
con/ruction4 ,x 0 built by ,hadrian 9   
#acf ,a4 ,d41 to connect 8 tomb ) !     
city4 ,t5 colossal angels1 =m]ly mu*    
admir$1 & execut$ 9 #afhh1 te/ify to !  
l[ ebb ( pla/ic art at t p]iod4 ,! tomb 
0 built by ,emp]or ,hadrian = himself & 
8 successors4 ,! massive circul> t[] /&s
 on a squ>e basem5t on ! banks ( !      
,tib]4 ,! bronze /atue ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ! 
,ar*angel1 :i* is se5 on ! summit1 gives
 ! t[] its pres5t "n1 ,ca/ello ,s4      
,angelo4  ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,pet]',s  
,,& ,,vatican1 ,,rome1 ,,italy4--,/4    
,pet]'s is front$ by an elliptical      
piazza1 enclos$ by impos+ colonnades1 & 
is ! l>ge/ & mo/ beautiful ,ca?olic     
,ca!dral 9 ! _w2 x 0 f\nd$ by ,con/ant9e
 & erect$ :]e ,/4 ,pet] is said to h    
suff]$ m>tyrdom4 ,its erection &        

improvem5ts co/ ov] #ej1jjj1jjj4 ,!     
great ,obelisk 9 ! c5tre ( ! piazza1    
hav+ no hi]oglyphics1 0 br\ght f        
,heliopolis4 ,! ,vatican on ! "r is !   
,pope's resid5ce1 & is elegantly fitt$  
up1 be+ adorn$ ) pa9t+s & /atues by !   
_w's greate/ ma/]s4  ,illu/ration3      
,,int]ior ,,( ,,/4 ,,pet]',s1 ,,rome1   
,,italy4--,?is mo/ m>vell\s *ur* 9 ! _w 
0 built on ! place :]e /ood ! temple (  
,jupit] ,vaticanus4 ,! fir/ *ur* "h is  
said to h be5 built ,a4 ,d41 #ij4 ,x 0 a
 memorial *apel to ,/4 ,pet]1 & 01      
accord+ to tradition1 erect$ on ! spot  
:]e ! sa9t 0 buri$4 ,con/ant9e built a  
,basilica on ! site4 ,! pres5t /ructure1
 ! glory ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 0 begun ab\t
 #aejc4 ,! picture %[s ! high alt> ) !  
/atue ( ,/4 ,pet] to ! v "r4            
,illu/ration3 ,,romulus ,,& ,,remus     
,,suck+ ,,! ,,wolf1 ,,capitol ,,museum1 
,,rome1 ,,italy4--,?us wrote ,virgil    
7,,a54 ,,viii-#fcj73    ,by ! wolf 7    
laid ! m>tial tw9s1    ,intrepid on h]  
swell+ dugs !y hung2    ,! fo/] dam     

loll$ out h] fawn+ tongue2    ,%e suck$ 
secure2 :ile b5d+ back h] head1    ,%e  
lick$ _! t5d] limbs1 & =m$ !m z !y f$4  
,illu/ration3 ,,transfiguration 7,,by   
,,raphael71 ,,vatican ,,gall]y1 ,,rome1 
,,italy4--,! la/ great "w & ma/]piece ( 
?is celebrat$ arti/1 unf9i%$ at 8 dea? &
 complet$ by ,clem5t ,,viii41 0 pres]v$ 
9 ,/4 ,pet]'s until #agig4 ,! upp] "p is
 by ,raphael's own h&2 ,*ri/ hov]s      
betwe5 ,moses & ,elias2 ,pet]1 ,james & 
,john are pro/rate on ! gr\nd1 & dazzl$ 
by ! light4 ,! figures to ! left1 9 an  
attitude ( adoration1 are ,/4 ,lawr5ce &
 ,/4 ,/eph54 ,! l[] half1 :]e ! o!r     
disciples are reque/$ to heal ! possess$
 boy1 0 p>tly execut$ by ,raphael's     
pupils4  ,illu/ration3 ,,la ,,ball]9a   
7,,by ,,canova71 ,,rome1 ,,italy4--,"h  
is ano!r ( ! ma/]pieces ( ?is fam\s     
ma/]-sculptor4 ,x is hewn out ( a solid 
block ( m>ble1 & comes "u ! head ( grace
 & elegance1 "o ( ! divisions (         
,canova's works4 ,?is subject is a mo/  
/rik+ "o4 ,l all 8 o!r subjects ( grace1

 x is 9 all its details1 an expression (
 attitude1 delicacy ( f9i% & elegance4  
,! pr(ile is *>m+1 ! twi/ ( ! hair      
natural1 & ! l9es & curves ( ! arms     
p]fect1 :ile ! drap]y is next to real4  
,illu/ration3 ,,laocoonte1 ,,vatican    
,,gall]y1 ,,rome1 ,,italy4--,?is fam\s  
gr\p repres5ts ,laocoon & 8 two sons1 :o
 7 /rangl$ by s]p5ts at ! comm& (       
,apollo4 ,accord+ to ,pl9y1 x 0 execut$ 
by ?ree ,rhodians1 & plac$ 9 ! ,palace (
 ,titus4 ,x 0 discov]$ "u ,julius ,,ii41
 9 #aejf1 ne> ,sette ,sale1 & 0 t]m$ by 
,mi*ael ,angelo a m>vel ( art4 ,! "w is 
admirably pres]v$1 ) ! exception ( !    
?ree uplift$ arms1 :i* h be5 incorrectly
 re/or$4 ,! dramatic susp5se ( ! mom5t1 
& ! pr(\ndly expressive attitude ( !    
heads1 d5ote ! p]fection ( ! ,rhodian   
s*ool ( art4  ,illu/ration3 ,,tol$o     
,,/reet1 ,,naples1 ,,italy4--,?is fam\s 
city is beautifully situat$ on ! ,bay ( 
,naples1 ) ,m\nt ,vesuvius 9 ! di/ance4 
,its *>m+ position has giv5 rise to !   
phrase ,see ,naples & die4 ,x 0 f\nd$ by

 ! ,greeks1 & "h ,virgil sp5t 8 "t 9    
/udy1 8 tomb be+ "o ( ! po9ts ( int]e/ =
 travel]s4 ,! city is /ill surr\nd$ by a
 wall4 ,x has (t5 suff]$ f e>?quakes &  
eruptions4 ,! manufactures are num]\s1 (
 :i* mac>oni & v]micelli are ( fir/     
importance4 ,! photograph repres5ts     
,tol$o ,/reet1 :i* int]sects ! city f   
s\? to nor?1 & ) its imm5se am\nt (     
well-conduct$ bus9ess1 pres5ts a v      
int]e/+ sight4  ,illu/ration3 ,,crat]   
,,( ,,m\nt ,,vesuvius1 ,,italy4--,?is   
volcano1 ) a crat] ( ne>ly a qu>t] ( a  
mile 9 circumf]5ce1 rises 9 lonely      
maje/y f ! ,bay ( ,naples1 & v>ies 9    
height f #cijj to #dijj feet1 accord+ to
 ! v>i$ eruptions4 ,vesuvius 9 ! "t (   
,n]o manife/$ itself by a fe>ful        
e>?quake1 damag+ ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii4
 ,an eruption occurr$ 9 #gi ,a4,d4 by   
:i* ! two cities nam$1 7 lo/ to ! _w =  
sev5te5 c5turies4 ,ano!r mo/ t]rific    
eruption occurr$ 9 #afca1 by :i* a /one 
weigh+ tw5ty-five tons 0 ?r[n a di/ance 
( fifte5 miles1 & /reams ( lava p\r$ f !

 summit1 de/roy+ ov] ?ree ?\s& p4       
,illu/ration3 ,,/reet ,,( ,,tombs1      
,,pompeii1 ,,italy4--,?is photograph    
exhibits a suburb ( ,pompeii nam$ ,pagus
 ,augu/us ,felix1 9 honor ( ,augu/us2 x 
lay outside ! city walls4 ,x consi/$    
*iefly ( "o ma9 /reet1 :i* has be5 p>tly
 excavat$4 ,?is is ! s-call$ ,/reet (   
,tombs4 ,! anci5t cu/om ( bury+ ! dead  
by ! side ( a high road is well kn[n4 ,x
 has be5 asc]ta9$ t r[s ( graves1 simil>
 to ^? discov]$ "h1 exi/ beyond o!r     
gates ( ,pompeii4 ,! ,/reet ( ,tombs is1
 9 po9t ( situation1 ! mo/ beautiful "p 
( ! t[n4  ,illu/ration3 ,,civil ,,=um1  
,,pompeii1 ,,italy4--,! anci5t          
m>ket-place 9 ! c5tral "p ( ,pompeii 0  
de/roy$ by ! eruption ( ,m\nt ,vesuvius 
9 #gi ,a4 ,d4 ,! ,=um has be5 excavat$  
dur+ ! pres5t c5tury1 & f\nd to be five 
hundr$ & fifte5 feet long & "o hundr$ & 
sev5 feet wide2 x is surr\nd$ by granite
 columns ( ! ,doric ord]4 ,f !          
discov]ies made1 x is suppos$ t ! ,=um 0
 f> f complete :5 ! eruption occurr$4 ,!

 smok+ m\nta9 is /ill se5 9 ! di/ance1  
:ile ! ru9s ( ! anci5t m>ket /& prom95t 
9 ! =egr\nd ( ?is photograph4 ,! ,=um is
 a mo/ int]e/+ spot1 & is famili> to all
 read]s ( ,! ,la/ ,days ( ,pompeii4     
,illu/ration3 ,,isl& ,,( ,,capri1       
,,italy4--,?is is a small m\nta9\s isl& 
( oblong =m2 its picturesque outl9e =ms 
"o ( ! mo/ *>m+ po9ts 9 ! view ( ! ,bay 
( ,naples4 ,! highe/ po9t is ! ,monte   
,sol>no1 n9ete5 hundr$ & tw5ty feet     
above ! level ( ! sea4 ,! isl&1 :i*     
conta9s five ?\s& inhabitants & ! two   
small t[ns ( ,capri & ,anacapri1 yields 
fruit1 oil & excell5t r$ & :ite w9es 9  
abundance4 ,! inhabitants receive _!    
support ma9ly f /rang]s :o visit ! isl& 
ye>ly to ! numb] ( ?irty ?\s&4 ,! above 
picture %[s ! pr9cipal l&+-place (      
,capri4  ,illu/ration3 ,,ca/ello1 ,,isl&
 ,,( ,,is*ia1 ,,italy4--,! climate ( ^! 
*>m+ isl&s is g5ial1 ! sky r>ely ov]ca/1
 ! w9t]s mild1 ! inhabitants b\nte\sly  
suppli$ ) ! necess>ies ( life1 & ! sick 
) heal+ spr+s4 ,trees1 %rubs & all k9ds 

( plants ?rive luxuriantly 9 ?is        
volcanic soil4 ,"h & !re are obs]v$     
groves ( "y oaks & *e/nuts4 ,!          
inhabitants are di/+ui%$ by a peculi>   
co/ume1 dialect & figure4 ,fa%ion is    
unkn[n2 n "o ( ! isl&s c boa/ ( a horse 
or c>riage4 ,ca/ello1 9 ! =egr\nd1 is a 
mo/ curi\s volcanic =mation4            
,illu/ration3 ,,h>bor1 ,,alex&ria1      
,,egypt4--,! p]fectly flat coa/ (       
,egypt1 & ev5 ,alex&ria itself1 are n   
visible to ! /eam-boat pass5g] until v  
%ortly be=e ! vessel ent]s ! h>bor4 ,!  
latt] consi/s ( an out] breakwat]1 =m+  
an obtuse angle ne>ly two miles 9 l5g?4 
,a second pi]1 ne>ly a mile 9 l5g?1     
protects an inn] h>bor cov]+ ne>ly five 
hundr$ acres ( wat]1 tw5ty-sev5 feet    
deep4 ,no few] ?an ?irty ?\s& artificial
 blocks1 weigh+ tw5ty tons ea*1 & two   
million tons ( natural blocks ( /one 7  
us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ^! magnific5t     
h>bor works4  ,illu/ration3 ,,place ,,( 
,,mehemet ,,ali1 ,,alex&ria1            
,,egypt4--,! site ( ?is op5 squ>e is    

embelli%$ ) trees & f\nta9s4 ,x became a
 sc5e ( de/ruction dur+ #ahhb4 ,9 !     
c5tre rises ! eque/rian /atue (         
,mohamm$' ,ali1 ! f\nd] ( ! reign+      
dyna/y ( ,egypt4 ,! ,mohamm$an religion 
=bids ! pictorial or pla/ic             
repres5tations ( ! human =m4 ,! erection
 ( ?is monum5t 0 long oppos$ by !       
,ulama1 or *ief pr(essor ( div9e & legal
 le>n+4 ,! build+s on bo? sides are     
%ops4 ,t at ! fur!r end is ! ,engli%    
*ur*4  ,illu/ration3 ,,citadel1 ,,cairo1
 ,,egypt4--,?is citadel af=ds a         
magnific5t view ( ! city & surr\nd+     
c\ntry4 ,x 0 erect$ 9 #aaff1 & built by 
/ones tak5 f ! small pyramids at ,gizeh1
 ! site hav+ be5 select$1 accord+ to    
,arabian hi/ory1 ow+ to ! fact t meat   
c\ld be kept "h fre% twice z long z 9   
any o!r "p ( ,cairo4 ,! =tress comm&s ! 
city1 yet its site is unfavorable1 z a  
comm&+ height close by compell$ its     
surr5d] dur+ ! w>s ( #ahje4             
,illu/ration3 ,,mosque ,,( ,,mohamm$'   
,,ali1 ,,cairo1 ,,egypt4--,! ,alaba/]   

,mosque1 ^: l(ty & graceful m9>ets are s
 conspicu\s f ! di/ance1 =m "o ( !      
l&m>ks ( ,cairo4 ,9 plan1 x repres5ts ! 
,turki% mosques1 built on ! model (     
,hagia ,s(la1 at ,con/ant9ople4 ,!      
execution ( ! design displays b little  
arti/ic ta/e1 & ! treatm5t ( ! mat]ial  
is some:at unsatisfactory4 ,! alaba/]   
us$ = ! incru/ation ( ! masonry consi/s 
p>tly ( blocks & p>tly ( slabs4 ,!      
beautiful yell[-t9t /one soon fades :5  
expos$ to ! sun4  ,illu/ration3 ,,/reet 
,,sc5e1 ,,cairo1 ,,egypt4--,mo/ ( !     
/reets 9 ! old "p ( ! t[n are unpav$1   
inaccessible to c>riages1 & (t5         
excessively dirty4 ,!y pres5t an        
inexhau/ible field ( amusem5t & delight1
 admirably illu/rat+ ! :ole _w ( ori5tal
 fiction4 ,! lanes sep>at+ ! r[s ( h\ses
 9 ! ,arabian qu>t] are s n>r[ t !      
project+ balconies ( h>ems1 ) _! grat+s1
 (t5 ne>ly meet4 ,rickety1 tumbl+ h\ses 
( e v>iety ( ori5tal ar*itecture /rike !
 behold] at e turn1 z is illu/rat$      
above4  ,illu/ration3 ,,palace ,,(      

,,gezireh1 ,,cairo1 ,,egypt4--,?is      
palace is locat$ on ! ,nile1 at "o end (
 a p>k by ! same "n4 ,its ext]nal       
appe>ance is simple4 ,all ! di/+ui%$    
gue/s :o 7 invit$ to att5d ! c]emony ( !
 op5+ ( ! ,suez ,canal 7 ent]ta9$ "h4 ,!
 build+ is ,/ate prop]ty & r>ely        
occupi$4 ,! int]ior is furni%$ 9 ! mo/  
sumptu\s & elaborate mann]4 ,! onyx     
mantel-pieces1 ) mirrors1 co/ ea*       
#ae1jjj4 ,portions ( ! palace are fitt$ 
up 9 suites ( ap>tm5ts = visitors1 ea*  
consi/+ ( b$-room1 dress+-room &        
sitt+-room4  ,illu/ration3 ,,on         
,,camel-,,back1 ,,egypt4--,to p accu/om$
 to all ! com=ts & luxuries ( ! _w1 :o h
 nev] exp]i5c$ des]t t5t-life1 nor      
travel$ ?r\gh c\ntries :]e !re are no p 
to consult1 x is h>d to convey an idea (
 ori5tal camel-back travel+4 ,! %ip ( ! 
des]t is a mo/ fai?ful animal1 & lov$ by
 8 ma/] z mu* z a *ild2 b 8 back af=ds a
 v uncom=table seat4 ,! long backw>d &  
=w>d motion recalls to ! rid] ! swells (
 ! sea4 ,! above picture is a p]fect    

specim5 ( hundr$s ( su* c>avans dur+ !  
travel+ season4  ,illu/ration3          
,,pyramids ,,( ,,gizeh1 ,,egypt4--,"h   
are repres5t$ ! great ,pyramids (       
,gizeh1 occupy+ a plateau gradually     
asc5d+ f ea/ to we/1 p>ts ( :i* are v   
precipit\s at places4 ,! ?ree pyramids  
are s situat$ on ?is plateau z to face !
 f\r po9ts ( ! compass1 al?\gh ! magnet 
%[s a deviation t[>d ! we/4 ,! ,sph9x is
 situat$ close by4 ,num]\s tombs1 almo/ 
all 9 ru9s1 surr\nd ^! pyramids1 & ext5d
 ov] ! plateau to ! ea/4 ,!y are        
sometimes hewn 9 ! =m ( grottoes 9 !    
ext]nal rocky slope4  ,illu/ration3 ,,! 
,,sphynx1 ,,egypt4--   ,s9ce :at        
unnumb]$ ye>1       ,no fai?less slumb] 
snat*+1   ,ha/ ?\ kept wat* & w>d1      
,/ill c\*$ 9 sil5ce brave1   ,& o'er !  
buri$ ,l& ( ,fe>1  ,l "s fi]ce h\nd long
 wat*+1   ,s grimly held ?y gu>d8       
,above h] ma/]'s grave4  ,illu/ration3  
,,l&+ ,,on ,,suez ,,canal1 ,,egypt4--,! 
,suez ,canal1 :i* connects ! ,r$ ,sea ) 
! ,m$it]ranean1 0 complet$ 9 #ahfc4     

,dur+ ! "t ( con/ruction1 :i* la/$ five 
ye>s1 #be1jjj m5 7 employ$1 & #afjj     
camels to supply !m ) wat]4 ,! co/ (    
con/ruct+ ! canal 0 #ie1jjj1jjj1 "p (   
:i* 0 rais$ by %>ehold]s1 & ! balance by
 ! ,kh$ive4 ,?is picture repres5ts a l&+
 /age & "o ( ! ,engli% trad+ vessels    
sail+ betwe5 ,engl& & ,india4 ,a numb] (
 camels & ,arabs are se5 on a f]ry-boat1
 ready to be tak5 across ! ,canal1 !    
latt] furni%+ ! great highway = all     
,european vessels sail+ to or f !       
,ori5t4  ,illu/ration3 ,,po/-,,(fice1   
,,suez1 ,,egypt4--,! site ( ?is t[n is  
naturally an absolute des]t1 &1 until ! 
wat] ( ! ,nile 0 introduc$ by ! fre%    
wat] canal 9 #ahfc1 ! wat]-supply (     
,suez 0 br\ght across ! head ( ! gulf f 
! wells ( ,moses1 on ! ,arabian coa/1 or
 else c>ri$ on camels1 aft] an h\r's    
j\rney1 f ! =tifi$ bracki% ( ,bir       
,suweis4 ,9 spite ( its favorable       
position = comm]ce1 ! place 0 q small   
prior to ! "t ( ! canal1 & ev5 to-day ! 
canal c>ries traffic pa/ ,suez r ?an to 

x4 ,! picture %[s ! po/-(fice squ>e4    
,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,c5tral              
,,africa4--,no c\ntry 9 ! _w creates m  
int]e/ among ! civiliz$ nations ?an does
 ,africa4 ,9 ! f> int]ior1 :]e ,african 
explor]s h fail$ to f9d traces ( ! out] 
_w1 e v>iety ( savage humanity exi/s4   
,^! unciviliz$ p1 :o "k no?+ ( !        
progress ( nations1 live 9 tribes1 prey+
 ^u ea* o!r's settlem5ts1 :5ev]         
opportunity pres5ts itself4 ,! above    
picture repres5ts ! typical natives ( ! 
,d>k ,cont95t4  ,illu/ration3 ,,yaffa   
,,or ,,jaffa1 ,,pale/9e4--,jaffa is a   
small t[n ly+ on ! coa/ ( !             
,m$it]ranean1 at ! foot ( a rock "o     
hundr$ & sixte5 feet 9 height4 ,?is t[n 
is v anci5t1 & a road runs directly f x 
to ,j]usalem4 ,! h\ses are built (      
tuff-/one1 & ! /reets are g5]ally v n>r[
 & dirty1 &1 aft] ! slighte/ ra91       
exce$+ly muddy4 ,! t[n walls are fall+  
to decay1 & ! int]ior ( ! t[n is        
un9t]e/+4 ,tradition po9ts out ! place z
 ! "o 9 :i* ,napoleon is said to h caus$

 plague-pati5ts to be poison$1 & 9 :i*  
,/4 ,pet] once fi%$2 b ! au!nticity ( x 
seems to proce$ f a confusion ( ideas4  
,illu/ration3 ,,j]usalem1               
,,pale/9e4--,"h is a place ( ov]:elm+   
int]e/1 b at fir/ sight sadly           
disappo9t+4 ,little is se5 ( ! anci5t   
,city ( ,zion & ,moriah1 ! f>-fam$      
capital ( ! ,jewi% ,empire1 9 ! n>r[1   
crook$ & ill-pav$ /reets ( ! mod]n t[n4 
,! comb9ation ( wild sup]/itions1 ) !   
m]e/ =malism :i* is ev]y:]e obs]v$1 & ! 
fanaticism & jeal\s exclusiv5ess ( !    
num]\s religi\s communities ( ,j]usalem1
 =m ! *ief mod]n *>act]i/ics ( t        
memorable city :i* 0 once ! f\nta9-head 
f :i* ! k ( ! true ,god 0 wont to be    
v\*saf$ to mank9d1 & :i* has ex]cis$ !  
greate/ influ5ce on religi\s ?\ght      
?r\gh\t ! _w4  ,illu/ration3            
,,wail+-,,place ,,( ,,! ,,jews1         
,,j]usalem1 ,,pale/9e4--,outside ( !    
enclosure ( ,mosque ,el ,aksa1 at       
,j]usalem1 is ! not$ wail+-place ( !    
,jews4 ,a l>ge numb] ( !m1 includ+ old &

 "y1 male & female1 ga!r "h on ,friday1 
kiss ! /ones & wat] !m ) _! te>s4 ,!y   
bewail ! d[nfall ( ,j]usalem1 & read f  
_! well-worn ,hebrew ,bibles &          
pray]-books ! ,lam5tations ( ,j]emiah4  
,! foll[+ few words are an exact copy f 
_! litany3 ,= ! ,palace t lies desolate1
 we sit 9 solitude & m\rn4 ,!y pres5t a 
curi\s spectacle4  ,illu/ration3 ,,/reet
 ,,sc5e1 ,,j]usalem1 ,,pale/9e4--,!     
above photograph repres5ts "o ( ! f\rte5
 /ations ( ! /reet ( pa91 ov] :i* ,*ri/ 
is said to h c>ri$ ! cross on ,8 way to 
,golgo?a4 ,! place :]e ,*ri/ 0 laid ^u !
 cross1 ! h\se ( ,dives1 ! ri* man1 :]e 
,simon ( ,cyr5e took ! cross f ,*ri/1 ! 
h\se aga9/ :i* ,*ri/ is said to h lean$1
 or ne> :i* ,he fell a second "t1 & !   
place :]e ,*ri/ is said to h address$ ! 
wom5 t accompani$ ,him1 are all se5     
along ?is av5ue4  ,illu/ration3 ,,g>d5  
,,( ,,ge?semane1 ,,pale/9e4--,?is holy  
place is situat$ at ! foot ( ,m\nt      
,olivet across ! ,k$ron1 & not$ z ! sc5e
 ( our ,"l's agony4 ,jesus frequ5tly    

came "h1 z did also ,8 disciples4 ,x is 
a small irregul> spot surr\nd$ by a high
 wall4 ,?is wall 0 built 9 #ahdg by     
,franciscan monks1 :o claim$ x necess>y 
to keep f ! g>d51 pilgrims :o injur$ !  
olive trees4 ,!re are sev5 ( ^! trees   
rema9+ 9 ! ,g>d51 ^: trunks1 n9ete5 feet
 9 circumf]5ce1 are crack$ op5 ) age1 & 
claim$ to date back to ! "t ( our       
,savi\r4  ,illu/ration3 ,,be?lehem1     
,,pale/9e4--,b ?\1 ,be?lehem ,ephratah1 
?\gh ?\ be little among ! ?\s&s (       
,judah1 yet out ( !e %all ,he come =?   
unto ,me t is to be rul] 9 ,israel4 ,9  
,hebrew ! ^w signifies ! place ( bread1 
or1 m g5]ally1 ! place ( food1 & is     
possibly d]iv$ f ! fact t ! region ab\t 
,be?lehem has f v remote antiquity      
pres5t$ a m>k$ contra/ to ! surr\nd+    
wild]ness4 ,we le>n f ! ,bible t !      
inhabitants ( ,be?lehem possess$        
cornfields1 v9ey>ds & flocks ( goats1 & 
t !y made *eese4 ,! natural products (  
to-day 9 e respect confirm ?is record4  
,illu/ration3 ,,dead ,,sea1             

,,pale/9e4--,?is sea1 situat$ sixte5    
miles f ,j]usalem & visible f ! ,m\nt ( 
,olives1 occupies t deep depression     
?irte5 hundr$ feet bel[ ! ,m$it]ranean1 
:i* ext5ds f ! m\nta9s ( ,lebanon to !  
,gulf ( ,akabah1 & is =ty-six miles long
 & ab\t t5 miles wide4 ,! ,riv] ,jordan 
& small] /reams empty _! wat]s into x1 &
 x has no visible outlet4 ,! wat] ( !   
,dead ,sea conta9s a l>ge quantity (    
m9]al sub/ances1 consi/+ ( *lorides (   
sodium1 calcium & magnesium1 :i* give x 
a bitt] ta/e1 & r5d] x smoo? & oily4    
,illu/ration3 ,,naz>e?1 ,,pale/9e4--,?is
 village1 situat$ 9 ,galilee ab\t       
sixty-five miles f ,j]usalem1 is ! place
 :]e ,jesus grew up f infancy4 ,f its   
highe/ elevation ! mo/ beautiful views (
 ! ,holy ,l& c be tak54 ,! place mu/ h  
be5 v small 9 ! "t ( ,*ri/1 z ! village 
is n nam$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,!         
population 9 ^? times 0 ma9ly ,jewi%1 b 
x n[ has ,greek1 ,lat9 & ,moslem qu>t]s 
& a ,prote/ant mission4 ,dur+ ! ,middle 
,ages _m ,*ri/ians visit$ ,naz>e?1 b :5 

! ,turks seiz$ ,pale/9e 9 #aeag1 !y 7   
aga9 driv5 out4  ,illu/ration3          
,,jacob',s ,,well1 ,,pale/9e4--,jews1   
,*ri/ians & ,muslims agree t ?is is !   
,well ( ,jacob ( ,scripture4 7,g54      
,,xxxiii41 #ai47 ,x is situat$ on ! high
 road f ,j]usalem to ,galilee1 accord+  
p]fectly ) ! n>rative ( ,/4 ,john ,,iv41
 #e-cj4 ,9 summ]1 x is (t5 dry4 ,x is   
sev5 & "o-half feet 9 diamet] & l9$ )   
masonry4 ,if1 z is probable1 ?is well 0 
! sc5e ( ,*ri/'s conv]sation ) !        
,sam>itan woman1 ! tradition _h already 
atta*$ to x1 t ?is 0 ,jacob's ,well1 &  
ar\nd x 0 ! field :i* he pur*as$1 & :]e 
,joseph 0 aft]w>ds buri$4 7,jo%ua       
,,xxiv41 #cb47  ,illu/ration3 ,,beyr\?1 
,,syria4--,! above city1 locat$ on !    
,m$it]ranean1 is "o ( great antiquity4  
,! city prop] is an irregul> squ>e1 op5 
t[>ds ! sea1 & surr\nd$ on ! l& side by 
a sub/antial t[]-flank$ wall4 ,! /reets 
are wid] ?an is usual 9 ,syrian t[ns1 & 
are pav$ ) l>ge /ones4 ,! h\ses1 = ! mo/
 "p1 are l(ty & spaci\s4 ,dur+ ! hot    

season ! weal?i] inhabitants move inl&4 
,! surr\nd+ hills consi/ ( r$di% s&1    
int]sp]s$ ) rock1 & are cov]$ ) a light 
soil4  ,illu/ration3 ,,great ,,mosque1  
,,damascus1 ,,syria4--,x is possible t  
dur+ ! fir/ c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 a  
hea!n temple /ood on ! site ( ! pres5t  
mosque4 ,! build+ 0 conv]t$ into a      
,*ri/ian *ur*1 & conta9$ a casket 9 :i* 
! head ( ,john ! ,bapti/ 0 %[n4 ,!      
,*ri/ian *ur* 0 de/roy$1 & ! pres5t     
mosque erect$4 ,antique columns 7       
collect$ 9 t[ns ( ,syria1 & us$ 9 !     
decoration4 ,! pavem5t & l[] walls are  
cov]$ ) r>e/ m>bles4 ,! ceil+1 f :i*    
hang six hundr$ gold5 lamps1 is ( wood1 
inlaid ) gold4 ,! urn above ! alt> is   
said to /ill conta9 ! rema9s ( ! head ( 
,john ! ,bapti/4  ,illu/ration3         
,,baalbec1 ,,syria4--,^! magnific5t ru9s
 h excit$ ! wond] & admiration ( e      
behold]4 ,9 view ( ! fact t ! ,jewi%    
/yle ( ar*itecture is m+l$ ) t ( !      
,doric & ! ,cor9?ian ord]1 ?is build+ is
 suppos$ to h be5 ! h\se t ,solomon     

built = 8 ,egyptian wife4 ,x may be     
surpass$ 9 classical ta/e by ! ,temple (
 ,a!ns1 &1 9 "s respects1 ,rome may     
rival x4 ,ev5 9 magnitude ! ,nile exce$s
 x1 b !re is some?+ ab\t ,baalbec t     
causes x to /& alone1 & makes x pe] (   
all4 ,its orig9 is n kn[n1 yet x pass$  
?r\gh ! ,greek1 ,arab & ,roman h&s1 &   
suff]$ assaults by ! ,crusades4         
,illu/ration3 ,,mecca1 ,,syria4--,!     
pilgrimage to ,mecca1 :i* e ,muslim is  
b\nd to und]take once 9 8 life1 is a mo/
 curi\s religi\s cu/om4 ,9 !            
neighborhood ( ,mecca ! pilgrims        
undress1 lay+ aside ev5 _! head-ge>1 &  
put on aprons & a piece ( clo? ov] !    
left %\ld]4 ,!y !n p]=m ! circuit ( !   
,ka'ba1 kiss ! black /one1 he> ! s]mon  
on ,m\nt ,arafat1 ne> ,mecca1 pelt      
,satan ) /ones 9 ! ,valley ( ,m9a1 &    
conclude _! pilgrimage ) a great        
sacrificial fea/4 ,! picture %[s ! fam\s
 cemet]y ( ,mecca1 ! bodies all buri$   
above ! gr\nd4  ,illu/ration3           
,,kalbadevie ,,road1 ,,bombay1          

,,india4--,! city ( ,bombay1 "u ,engli% 
rule1 ) a population ( ne>ly a million  
inhabitants1 is "o or ! mo/ fl\ri%+     
cities 9 ,india1 on acc\nt ( its ne>ness
 to ! ,suez ,canal4 ,! approa* f ! sea  
discloses "o ( ! f9e/ panoramas 9 ! _w1 
! only ,european analogy be+ ! ,bay (   
,naples4 ,! t[n itself consi/s (        
well-built & usually h&some native      
baza>s1 & ( spaci\s /reets devot$ to    
,european comm]ce1 ( :i* ! above is "o (
 ! pr9cipal av5ues4  ,illu/ration3      
,,b5>es1 ,,india4--,! city "h repres5t$ 
is ! religi\s c5tre ( ,h9dooism1 & "o ( 
! olde/ cities on ! globe4 ,! bank ( !  
,ganges is entirely l9$ ) /one1 & !re   
are _m v f9e l&+-places1 built by pi\s  
devotees1 & highly ornam5t$4 ,! int]nal 
/reets are s n>r[ & w9d+1 t !re is n    
room = a c>riage to pass2 & x is        
difficult to p5etrate !m ev5 on         
horseback4 ,! h\ses are built ( ,*an>   
/one1 & are l(ty1 none be+ less ?an two1
 & _m five & six1 /ories high4          
,illu/ration3 ,,tropical ,,sc5]y1       

,,india4  ,illu/ration3 ,,hea!n         
,,temple1 ,,india4  ,illu/ration3       
,,royal ,,obs]vatory1 ,,india4          
,illu/ration3 ,,wong ,,tai ,,k51        
,,*9a4--,! p ( ,*9a are a ?or\ghly      
settl$ class ( agriculturi/s & trad]s4  
,!y are p>tially ,buddhi/1 & h a peculi>
 monosyllabic1 un9flect$ language1 )    
writ+ consi/+ ( symbols1 :i* repres5t   
words1 n lett]s4 ,! photograph repres5ts
 "o ( ! bett] class1 dress$ 9 a ri*ly   
made co/ume aft] ! fa%ion ( h] c\ntry4  
,h] feet1 l all ( h] race1 are extremely
 small & encas$ 9 velvet s&als1 ) ?ick  
wood5 %oes1 :i* are peculi> to ^! p4    
,illu/ration3 ,,typical ,,sc5e1 ,,s&wi* 
,,isl&s4--,! rav9es & m\nta9-slopes on !
 w9dw>d side ( ! l>g] isl&s conta9 mu*  
=e/ gr[?1 :ile ! leew>d upl&s & pla9s   
are comp>atively b>e4 ,among ! mo/      
rem>kable =ms ( vegetation is a         
screw-p9e & c&le-nut tree1 s nam$ f !   
fact t ! natives /r+ toge!r ! k]nels1   
:i* are v oily1 & make c&les4 ,! natives
 d]ive _! su/5ance *iefly f pork & fi%1 

bo? fre% & dri$1 & f ! banana1 sweet    
potato1 yam1 bread1 fruit & cocoanut4   
,illu/ration3 ,,sitka1                  
,,alaska4--,sitka1 ! capital ( ,alaska1 
is situat$ on ! we/ coa/ ( ! ,b>an(f    
,isl&1 :i* is "o ( ! pr9cipal ( !       
,alex&] ,isl&s4 ,x is ! second t[n 9    
size1 & has a cu/om h\se1 a             
,greco-,russian *ur*1 a hospital1 a half
 doz5 /ores1 s*ools & sev]al saw mills4 
,its pr9cipal bus9ess is fi%+1 & a numb]
 ( /eam]s ply betwe5 ?is place &        
,portl&1 ,oregon4 ,! isl& is ab\t sev5ty
 miles long & fifte5 miles wide1 & is   
d5sely timb]$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,totem   
,,poles1 ,,alaska4--,a totem is a class 
( mat]ial objects :i* a savage reg>ds ) 
sup]/iti\s respect1 believ+ t !re exi/s 
betwe5 him & e memb] ( ! class an       
intimate & special relation4 ,^! poles1 
:i* rise to ! height ( #gj feet1 are    
elaborately c>v$ f top to bottom ) a    
succession ( figures1 repres5t+ ! wolf1 
frog1 be>1 eagle1 :ale & a v>iety ( o!r 
animals4 ,!y are plant$ ne> ,indian     

villages1 b x is hop$ *ur* /eeples w    
soon t[] 9 _! places & "w a *ange 9 ^!  
/range p4  ,illu/ration3 ,,p>liam5t     
,,build+s1 ,,ottawa1 ,,canada4--,!      
capital ( ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada is       
situat$ on ! ,ottawa ,riv]1 f\r hundr$ &
 fifty miles f ,new ,york1 & "o hundr$ &
 tw5ty-six miles f ,montreal4 ,x is "o (
 ! mo/ fl\ri%+ cities 9 ,ont>io1 on     
acc\nt ( ! great lumb] products 9 !     
surr\nd+ di/ricts4 ,! city 0 f\nd$      
sixty-?ree ye>s ago1 its *ief attraction
 be+ ! ,gov]nm5t ,build+s1 :i* /& on    
,b>rack ,hill1 & are built ma9ly (      
light-color$ s&/one4 ,! /yle (          
ar*itecture is t ( ,italian ,go?ic4 ,!  
ma9 build+ is five hundr$ feet long1    
cov]+ ne>ly f\r acres1 & involv+ a co/ (
 #d1jjj1jjj 9 its con/ruction4          
,illu/ration3 ,,gold5 ,,gate1           
,,cali=nia4--,?is =ms ! entrance to ,san
 ,francisco ,bay1 :i* is ab\t sev5ty    
miles long & f t5 to fifte5 wide1 & is  
n>r[$ into a *annel only ab\t "o mile   
wide2 "h ! wat]s escape 9 a curr5t z !  

tide ebbs & fl[s to & f ! ocean4 ,z "o  
approa*es f ! ocean t[>ds ! bay1 ! s\?  
side ( ! ,gold5 ,gate exhibits a %elv+  
po9t ( l& :i* t]m9ates 9 a long         
=tification call$ ,=t ,po9t4 ,! portion 
( ! /rait betwe5 ! light h\se on ! nor? 
& ! =t on ! s\?1 is t]m$ ,! ,gold5      
,gate1 or ,*rysopyl4  ,illu/ration3     
,,san ,,francisco1 ,,cali=nia4--,! city 
is ! comm]cial metropolis ( ,cali=nia1 &
 is situat$ ne>ly six miles f ! ocean on
 ! we/ side ( ! magnific5t bay f :i* x  
d]ives its "n4 ,x /&s on a pla9 :i*     
incl9es t[>ds ! bay1 & has num]\s hills 
beh9d x4 ,! city is regul>ly laid out1 !
 /reets cross+ ea* o!r at "r angles4    
,m>ket ,/reet1 :i* has f\r /reet-c>     
tracks1 two ( :i* are cable l9es1 is !  
pr9cipal bus9ess /reet2 x runs s\?-we/ f
 ! bay1 & divides ! old] f ! new]       
portion ( ! city4 ,! city 0 orig9ally   
call$ ,y]ba ,bu5a 7good h]bs71 & 0      
settl$ by ! ,spani>ds ab\t #aggg1 b 0   
*ang$ to ,san ,francisco 9 #ahdg4       
,illu/ration3 ,,yosemite ,,valley1      

,,cali=nia4--,! ,yosemite ,valley is    
situat$ "o hundr$ & fifty miles di/ant1 
9 a direct l9e1 a little to ! s\!a/ (   
,san ,francisco4 ,x is six miles 9 l5g? 
& f half a mile to a mile 9 wid?1 & sunk
 f two ?\s& to ?ree ?\s& feet 9         
p]p5dicul> dep? bel[ ! g5]al level ( !  
surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,! wat]falls 9 & ab\t  
?is valley are ( great beauty & v>iety4 
,! ,nevada & ,v]nal ,falls ( ! ,m]c$    
,riv]1 :i* fl[s ?r\gh ! :ole l5g? ( !   
valley1 are wond]fully gr&4             
,illu/ration3 ,,mirror ,,lake1          
,,yosemite ,,valley1 ,,cali=nia4--,up ! 
canyon ( ! ,t5aya is situat$ ?is        
beautiful little lake1 call$ ,mirror    
,lake1 :i* is an expansion ( ! ,t5aya   
,=k4 ,x is g5]ally visit$ e>ly 9 !      
morn+1 = ! purpose ( see+ ! reflection (
 ! ov]hang+ rock1 :i* is kn[n z ,m\nt   
,watk9s4 ,mirror ,lake is "o ( !        
pr9cipal po9ts ( int]e/ ( ?is m>vel\s   
depression ( nature4  ,illu/ration3     
,,glazi] ,,po9t1 ,,yosemite ,,valley1   
,,cali=nia4--,glazi] ,po9t1 "o ( ! mo/  

rem>kable & /rik+ features ( nature 9 ! 
_w1 is compos$ ( solid rock1 ?irty-two  
hundr$ feet 9 p]p5dicul> height4 ,x is  
rea*$ by a trail f ! floor ( ! valley1 &
 ! "t g5]ally consum$ is f f\r to six   
h\rs4 ,f ?is great po9t ( int]e/1 a     
g5]al view ( ! :ole valley c be obta9$1 
& no?+ is m s\l-/irr+ to ! behold] ?an  
to look at ! great & m>vel\s wond]s (   
nature ab\nd+ 9 ! ,yosemite ,valley4    
,illu/ration3 ,,big ,,tree1             
,,cali=nia4--,! big trees ( ,cali=nia   
are kn[n ! _w ov] & are specifically    
t]m$ ! sequoia gigantea1 & ab\nd only 9 
,cali=nia4 ,!y occur 9 groves or pat*es1
 :i* are scatt]$ ov] limit$ areas4 ,!y  
gr[ to a great height1 rang+ f two      
hundr$ to ?ree hundr$ feet1 & atta9 a   
circumf]5ce f sev5ty-five to "o hundr$  
feet4 ,! above is a photograph ( "o ( ! 
trees1 %[+ ! trunk1 ?r\gh :i* a         
f\r-horse /age coa* passes4 ,?is tree   
measures tw5ty-five feet 9 diamet]1 & x 
/&s 9 ! ,m>iposa ,grove4  ,illu/ration3 
,,great ,,mormon ,,temple1 ,,salt ,,lake

 ,,city1 ,,utah4--,! ,mormon religion 0 
f\nd$ by ,joseph ,smi?1 at ,man*e/]1    
,new ,york1 9 #ahcj1 & ! same ye> 0     
publi%$ ,! ,book ( ,mormon1 9 :i*       
,joseph ,smi? 0 decl>$ to be ,god's     
,prophet4 ,he soon remov$1 ) 8 foll[]s1 
to ,kirtl&1 ,ohio1 :i* 0 to be ! seat ( 
! ,new ,j]usalem4 ,sev]al ye>s lat] !   
,mormon b& emigrat$ to ,miss\ri1 & lat] 
to ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,utah4 ,aft] !    
dea? ( ,smi?1 ,brigham ,"y succe$$1     
until #ahgg1 :5 he di$ & left a =tune ( 
#b1jjj1jjj to sev5te5 wives & fifty-six 
*ildr54 ,"h !y prosp]$ & />t$ to build !
 great temple1 :i* is n yet q f9i%$4    
,illu/ration3 ,,pulpit ,,t]race1        
,,yell[/one ,,national ,,p>k4-,!        
,yell[/one ,p>k has 9 ! vic9ity ( !     
,mammo? ,hot ,spr+s _m rem>kable        
t]race-build+ spr+s1 :i* are situat$ "o 
?\s& feet above ! ,g>d9] ,riv]1 into :i*
 !y dis*>ge _! wat]s4 ,! wat] f9ds its  
way to ! surface ?r\gh deep-ly+         
cretace\s /rata1 & conta9s a great      
deposit ( calc>e\s mat]ial4 ,z ! wat]   

fl[s out at ! v>i\s elevations on !     
t]races ?r\gh _m v5ts1 x =ms corrugat$  
lay]s ( c>bonate ( lime1 :i* is g5]ally 
h>d :ile wet1 b becomes s(t :5 dry4     
,:ile ^! spr+s are active1 vegetation   
dies 9 _! vic9ity2 b :5 dry1 grass &    
trees aga9 gr[ on ! crumbl+ calc>e\s    
deposit4  ,illu/ration3 ,,obsidian      
,,cliff1 ,,yell[/one ,,national         
,,p>k4--,?is not$ & volcanic glass      
m\nta91 situat$ 9 ! ,yell[/one ,p>k1    
gli/5s l jet1 is opaque & rises l basalt
 9 almo/ v]tical columns1 f ! %ore (    
,beav] ,lake4 ,x is unequall$ 9 ! _w1 & 
is ab\t two hundr$ feet high & "o ?\s&  
feet 9 l5g?1 be+ v>iegat$ ) /reaks ( r$ 
& yell[4 ,:5 ! c>riage road 0 con/ruct$ 
ov] ! side ( ! m\nta9 along ! lake1     
great fires 7 built ^u ! masses (       
,obsidian2 & aft] !y _h be5 suffici5tly 
exp&$ by ! heat1 cold wat] 0 ?r[n on !m1
 :i* fractur$ ! blocks into fragm5ts t  
c\ld be h&l$4 ,?us a glass c>riage way 0
 made "o-qu>t] ( a mile 9 l5g?1 :i* is  
)\t d\bt ! only piece ( glass road 9 !  

_w4  ,illu/ration3 ,,mammo? ,,pa9t      
,,pots1 ,,yell[/one ,,national          
,,p>k4--,among all ! geys]s & hot spr+s 
9 ,yell[/one ,p>k1 !re is no?+ m /rik+  
to behold ?an ! ,mammo? ,pa9t ,pots1 :i*
 measure =ty by sixty feet1 ) a mud rim 
on ?ree sides f ?ree to f\r feet 9      
height4 ,! :iti% sub/ance 9 ?is bas91   
:i* looks l pa9t1 is 9 con/ant          
agitation1 & resembles a va/ b$ ( mort> 
) num]\s po9ts ( ebullition4 ,!re is a  
con/ant bubbl+ up ( ?is peculi> =mation1
 :i* produces a s\nd simil> to a ho>se  
:isp]4 ,its cont5ts h be5 r$uc$ by !    
con/ant action to a mix$ silici\s clay1 
:i* 9 =m] ye>s consi/$ ( diff]5t colors1
 b is n[ active only 9 ! :ite portion ( 
its =mation4  ,illu/ration3 ,,old       
,,fai?ful ,,geys]1 ,,yell[/one          
,,national ,,p>k4--,( all ! geys]s 9 !  
,yell[/one ,p>k1 ?is is "o ( ! mo/      
int]e/+ & not$ on acc\nt ( ! great      
regul>ity ( its eruptions1 af=d+ spl5did
 opportunities = obs]vation4 ,x is      
locat$ 9 ! ,upp] ,geys] ,bas91 & is     

situat$ on a m\nd ( geys]ite built by   
its own wat]4 ,! eruptions beg9 )       
prelim9>y spla%es1 & cont9ue = sev]al   
m9utes1 becom+ m p[]ful z !y foll[ 9    
rapid succession1 :5 all at once ! /eam 
& wat] are ?r[n to a height ( "o hundr$ 
& fifty feet2 ?is action occurs at      
int]vals ( e sixty-five m9utes & la/s f 
f\r to five m9utes4  ,illu/ration3      
,,yell[/one ,,lake ,,& ,,hot ,,spr+s1   
,,yell[/one ,,national ,,p>k4--,?is l>ge
 & beautiful %eet ( wat] is ne>ly       
"o-half mile high] ?an ! summit ( ,m\nt 
,wa%+ton1 ,n4 ,h41 & is surr\nd$ by     
sn[-capp$ m\nta9s4 ,x cov]s an area ( "o
 hundr$ & fifty squ>e miles1 & has a    
great dep?4 ,tr\t are s pl5tiful t !re  
is little pleasure af=d$ 9 captur+ !m4  
,! lake is f$ by num]\s l>ge tribut>ies 
& a score ( small] /reams4 ,a numb] (   
boil+ spr+s1 *>g$ ) sulphur1 alum &     
alkali1 dot its %ores2 & ! fi%]m5 c cook
 _! tr\t by dropp+ !m into ! boil+ spr+s
 )\t walk+ f ! spot :]e !y are caught4  
,illu/ration3 ,,yell[/one ,,falls1      

,,yell[/one ,,national ,,p>k4--,aft] !  
wat] ( ! ,yell[/one releases itself f ! 
deep1 symmetrical pool at ! foot ( !    
,upp] ,falls1 ! riv] turns to ! left &  
fl[s ?r\gh high bluffs = a %ort di/ance1
 until its sea-gre5 wat] leaps f ! top (
 ! ,great ,falls1 ?ree hundr$ & sixty   
feet deep1 into ! pr(\nd1 abysmal       
solitude ( ! ,gr& ,canyon4 ,?is great   
mass ( wat] breaks into fleecy columns &
 %eets ( gli/5+ foam z x desc5ds2 b x   
/rikes ! pool bel[ ) su* a great        
concussion t x is =c$ upw>ds 9 f\nta9s (
 spray & cl\ds ( mi/4  ,illu/ration3    
,,gr& ,,ca,,on ,,( ,,! ,,yell[/one1     
,,wyom+4--,?is wond]ful gorge1 ^: sc5ic 
beauty is n equal$ any:]e1 has a sc5e ( 
en*antm5t surpass+ all expectations4 ,f 
! ,l[] ,falls x reveals ! mo/ v>i$ gr\ps
 ( crags & rock ev] beheld4 ,x passes   
?r\gh a volcanic plateau1 =m+ brok5     
walls ( b>b>ic ri*ness ( color+ t almo/ 
defies description4 ,r$1 purple & yell[ 
pr$om9ate1 & ) ! :ite foam ( ! ru%+ riv]
 ?r\gh ! bottom1 & ! d>k gre5 ( ! =e/ ^u

 ! plateau1 =m "o ( ! gr&e/ natural     
sights 9 e>?4  ,illu/ration3 ,,animas   
,,canyon1 ,,colorado4--,?is canyon is   
betwe5 ,durango & ,silv]ton1 & ! sc5]y  
?r\gh x is ( surpass+ gr&eur & beauty4  
,! railroad foll[s ! c\rse ( ! ,animas  
,riv] 7to :i* ! ,spani>d gave ! musical 
b melan*oly title ( ,rio de las ,animas 
,p]didas1 or ,riv] ( ,lo/ ,s\ls7 until !
 picturesque m9+ t[n ( ,silv]ton is     
rea*$4 ,to ! "r is ! silv]y ,animas     
,riv]1 :i* frets 9 its n>r[+ b$1 &      
breaks into foam aga9/ ! oppos+ b\ld]s1 
beyond :i* rise ! hills2 to ! left are  
m\nta9s1 increas+ 9 rugg$ cont\r z !    
advance is made1 & 9 ! %ad[ ( ! rocks   
all is solit>y1 weird & awful2 ! />tl$  
travel] loses all appreh5sion 9 !       
wondr\s beauty & gr&eur ( ! sc5e4       
,illu/ration3 ,,gr& ,,canyon ,( ,,!     
,,arkansas ,,riv]1 ,,colorado4--,!re are
 no words :i* c prop]ly describe ?is    
great & magnific5t canyon1 ! cr[n+      
attraction1 ! wond] ( wond]s1 ! m>vel ( 
m>vels1 9 ,colorado's sc5]y4 ,?is canyon

 is sev5 miles 9 l5g?1 & pres5ts ! gr&e/
 sc5]y 9 ! _w4 ,?is photograph repres5ts
 ! ,royal ,gorge1 :]e ! canyon is ?ree  
hundr$ feet deep4 ,z x is n suffici5tly 
wide = railroad & riv] to pass ?r\gh1 ! 
road is c>ri$ above ! riv]1 on a hang+  
bridge1 :i* is %[n 9 ! picture4         
,illu/ration3 ,,m\nta9 ,,( ,,! ,,holy   
,,cross1 ,,colorado4--,?is m\nta9 is )\t
 d\bt ! mo/ rem>kable & ! mo/ not$ ( !  
,rockies1 on acc\nt ( ! cross f :i* x   
receiv$ its "n4 ,ne> ! top is se5 !     
cross1 =m$ by deep crevices 9 its side1 
:i* are fill$ ) p]petual sn[ & ice4 ,!  
sight ( wildwood1 ( tree-cr[n$ slope1 ( 
rocky heights1 ( silv]y cascades ^: :ite
 ?reads ( wat] are occasionally se5 we>+
 away rifts 9 ! rocks1 r5d]s ! m\nta9 "o
 ( ! mo/ en*ant+ ( ! _m m\nta9s 9       
,colorado4  ,illu/ration3 ,,manit\ ,,&  
,,pike',s ,,peak1 ,,colorado4--,manit\ 0
 kn[n to :ite m5 long be=e ,major ,pike 
discov]$ ! peak1 & is not$ = its fam\s  
soda spr+s1 ^: heal?-giv+ prop]ties 7   
famili> to ! ,indians f "t immemorial4  

,to ?is favor$ spot !y made _!          
pilgrimages1 & 9 grateful recognition ( 
! b5efic5t *>act]i/ics ( ! wat]s1 !y    
nam$ ! place 9 honor ( ! ,great ,_s1 &  
be/[$ ^u x ! musical & significant      
title1 ,manit\4 ,x is visit$ by ?\s&s ( 
t\ri/s e season1 & _m make ! asc5t f "h 
to ! top ( ,pike's ,peak1 :i* is se5 9 !
 backgr\nd4  ,illu/ration3 ,,summit ,,( 
,,pike',s ,,peak1 ,,colorado4--,9 #ahjf 
,major ,zebulon ,pike fir/ describ$ ?is 
wond]ful sn[-capp$ peak1 :i* n[ be>s 8  
"n1 & :i* he call$ ! ,great ,sn[        
,m\nta94 ,:5 ! m\nta9 fir/ dawn$ on 8   
view1 he 0 "o hundr$ miles ea/ on !     
pla9s4 ,?is not$ peak t[]s to ! height (
 #ad1adg feet1 & its top is cov]$ )     
p]petual sn[4 ,?is photograph repres5ts 
! ,u4 ,s4 ,signal ,/ation on its summit4
 ,! top is n[ rea*$ by an incl9e railway
 f ,manit\1 & f x ! travel] may behold  
"o ( ! gr&e/ sights 9 ,colorado4        
,illu/ration3 ,,gateway ,,to ,,! ,,g>d5 
,,( ,,! ,,gods1 ,,colorado4--,:y ?is    
wond]ful valley1 :i* has n ! appe>ance (

 a g>d51 0 nam$ ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,gods1 no "o
 kn[s2 b1 no d\bt1 by reason ( its apt  
allit]ations1 ! "n has become s popul> t
 x w\ld be fooli% to *ange x4 ,!re are  
_m rema9s :i* %[ t ,titanic =ces h be5  
at "w "h4 ,x does n require a lively    
imag9ation to discov] 9 ! g>d5 an       
endless v>iety ( be+s1 su* z ! lion1 !  
seal1 ! elephant1 birds & reptiles (    
imitative =ms4 ,! mo/ not$ object is !  
,great ,gateway4  ,illu/ration3         
,,ca!dral ,,spires1 ,,colorado4--,!     
/rang] pass+ ?r\gh ,manit\ %\ld n fail  
to visit ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,gods1 9 :i* are   
locat$ ! ,ca!dral ,spires1 wond]ful rock
 =mations1 /&+ upright1 ) p9nacles      
sev]al hundr$ feet high4 ,! wond]ful    
region 9 :i* ^! spires are1 9 po9t (    
attraction1 ranks ) ! sunny slopes (    
,italy1 & ! rugg$ gr&eur ( ! ,b]nese    
,ob]l&4 ,! sc5]y 9 ?is locality is s    
v>i$1 s gr&1 & s impressive1 t          
contemplative pauses mu/ be made 9 ord] 
t ! eye may grasp all ! *>m+ details ( !
 view4  ,illu/ration3 ,,life ,,9        

,,oklahoma1 ,,oklahoma                  
,,t]ritory4--,oklahoma ,t]ritory is a   
beautiful /ret* ( c\ntry1 ab\nd+ 9 va/ &
 f]tile pla9s4 ,9 ! ea/]n "p1 ! soil is 
p>ticul>ly ri* & well irrigat$1 mak+ x  
almo/ z productive z a g>d54 ,! t]ritory
 0 =m]ly ! special doma9 = all ! ,indian
 tribes1 b ?is orig9al race seems to be 
gradually becom+ ext9ct4 ,! above       
photograph repres5ts a sc5e 9 ,oklahoma 
,c\nty4 ,?is c\nty is ne>ly 9 ! c5tre ( 
! t]ritory1 on ! l9e ( x railroad :i*   
has rec5tly be5 op5$4 ,ow+ to its       
admirable adaptability = agriculture1 x 
is fa/ becom+ populat$4 ,! picture      
sugge/s ! mo/ primitive rural           
simplicity4  ,illu/ration3 ,,indian     
,,wigwam1 ,,indian ,,t]ritory4--,! r$   
man1 ! orig9al inhabitant ( ,am]ican    
soil1 is repres5t$ "h at 8 hut1 ) 8 gun 
& ! re9s ( 8 horse 9 8 h&s4 ,he has a   
univ]sal belief 9 a ,supreme ,be+1 ?\gh 
8 religi\s attributes are associat$ )   
v>i\s manife/ations ( natural ph5om5a4  
,he believes 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 b 

8 conceptions ( ! future sy/em ( rew>d &
 puni%m5t are confus$4 ,! ,am]ican      
,indians are sl[ly dim9i%+ 9 numb] on   
acc\nt ( ! progress ( ! :ite man4 ,_!   
pres5t population is ab\t #bee1jjj1 & ! 
greate/ numb] are ga!r$ ^u _!           
res]vations 9 ,indian ,t]ritory4        
,illu/ration3 ,,*icago1 ,,ill9ois4--,?is
 city1 :i* is n[ ! mo/ important c5tre (
 comm]ce 9 ! ,nor?we/]n ,/ates1 is      
situat$ at ! m\? ( ! ,*icago ,riv]1 on  
,lake ,mi*igan4 ,! fir/ inhabitants kn[n
 to h be5 9 ! locality 7 ! ,pollawatomie
 ,indians1 & ! e>lie/ ,europeans 7 ,fr5*
 fur trad]s1 :o visit$ ! site 9 #afed4  
,=t ,de>born 0 built 9 #ahjd1 :5 ! fir/ 
attempt 0 made to settle "h2 b !        
,indians de/roy$ & massacr$ mo/ ( !     
g>rison 9 #ahab4 ,9 #ahaf ! place 0     
rebuilt & to-day /&s z "o ( ! lead+     
cities ( ,am]ica4 ,! above repres5ts    
,/ate ,/reet1 "o ( ! pr9cipal           
?or\ghf>es1 & ! ,palm] ,h\se1 "o ( its  
lead+ hotels4  ,illu/ration3 ,,niag>a   
,,falls1 ,,new ,,york4--,! above falls  

con/itute p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ natural    
wond] 9 ! _w4 ,above ! falls1 ! riv] is 
divid$ by ,goat ,isl&1 =m+ ! ,horse%oe  
,falls1 ) a p]p5dicul> desc5t ( "o      
hundr$ & fifty-eight feet4 ,! height ( !
 ,am]ican ,falls is "o hundr$ &         
sixty-sev5 feet4 ,bel[ ! cat>act1 ! riv]
 is v deep & n>r[1 v>y+ f "o hundr$ to  
?ree hundr$ y>ds1 & fl[s betwe5         
p]p5dicul> rocks1 two hundr$ & fifty    
feet high1 into a gorge1 :i* is cross$  
by sev]al susp5sion bridges4 ,^! falls  
are _w-fam$1 & are visit$ by ?\s&s (    
t\ri/s f diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w4           
,illu/ration3 ,,bunk] ,,hill ,,monum5t1 
,,bo/on1 ,,massa*usetts4--,on an        
elevation ( "o hundr$ & t5 feet1 9 ! t[n
 ( ,*>le/[n1 "o mile f ,bo/on1 t[]s !   
above-nam$ monum5t to commemorate "o ( !
 mo/ celebrat$ battles ( ! ,am]ican     
,revolution1 f\ght "h on ! #ag? ( ,june1
 #agge4 ,! ,briti% rema9$ ma/] ( ! field
 aft] a long & bloody conte/1 b _!      
victory 0 de>ly b\ght4 ,! monum5t1 two  
hundr$ & tw5ty-"o feet 9 height1 /&s 9 !

 c5tre ( ! gr\nd1 includ$ )9 ! r$\bts on
 ,bre$'s ,hill4  ,illu/ration3 ,,new    
,,york1 ,n4 ,y4--,! metropolis ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates1 is consid]$ ! headqu>t]s 
( ! /ock & money m>ket4 ,x is "h :]e !  
great] numb] ( =eign vessels l& & dep>t1
 & :]e ! majority ( immigrants fir/ /ep 
^u our %ores4 ,! city is built on       
,manhattan ,isl&1 :i* is #ac miles long1
 & f #b to #d miles wide4 ,?is picture  
repres5ts ,p>k ,r[1 & ! ,new ,york      
,times' ,build+ 9 ! front1 & ! g5]al    
,po/-,(fice on ! "r1 :i* is a l>ge      
granite /ructure1 & an ornam5t to !     
city4 ,new ,york has a population (     
ne>ly two million p1 compos$ ( all      
nationalities4 ,?is city gives to !     
/ud5t ( human nature an excell5t        
opportunity to obs]ve ! life & habits ( 
! diff]5t nations4  ,illu/ration3       
,,brooklyn ,,bridge1 ,,new ,,york4--,?is
 bridge1 connect+ ,new ,york )          
,brooklyn1 is by f> ! l>ge/ susp5sion   
bridge yet con/ruct$4 ,! "w comm5c$ 9   
#ahgj1 & op5$ = traffic on ,may #bd1    

#ahhc4 ,! c5tral span1 f t[] to t[]1    
measures fifte5 hundr$ & n9ety-five &   
"o-half feet4 ,9 ! c5tre is a foot-way1 
fifte5 & "o-half feet wide1 & rais$     
twelve feet above ! o!r passages1 af=d+ 
an op5 view on bo? sides4 ,!re are      
tracks on ea* side = cable c>s1 work$ by
 a /ation>y eng9e on ! ,brooklyn side1 &
 on ! outside are wagon-ways4 ,! entire 
co/ 0 #ae1ejj1jjj4  ,illu/ration3       
,,elevat$ ,,railroad1 ,,new ,,york1 ,n4 
,y4--,! /eam c>s1 ! /reet railway & !   
electric road are ! ?ree mod]n modes (  
transportation4 ,! motive p[] ( !       
elevat$ railroads ( ,new ,york ,city is 
/eam1 & ! quick facilities af=d$ exce$ t
 ( any o!r c\ntry4 ,^! elevat$ railroads
 are suffici5tly high s z n to int]f]e )
 /reet traffic1 /ations are locat$ e f\r
 or five blocks ap>t1 !re is little     
delay1 & a pass5g] c ride f "o end ( !  
city to ! o!r 9 a v %ort "t4 ,x is said 
t "o million p ride daily on ! elevat$  
railroads ( ,new ,york giv+ ! company an
 income ( #ej1jjj p] day4 ,! above      

photograph repres5ts ! railroad at      
,*a?am ,squ>e1 :]e x bran*es (f into    
diff]5t directions4  ,illu/ration3      
,,/atue ,,( ,,lib]ty1 ,,new ,,york      
,,h>bor1 ,n4 ,y4--,?is magnific5t       
monum5t1 ! "w ( ,b>?oldi1 0 pres5t$ by !
 ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t to ! p ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates z a tok5 ( si/]ly love & respect1
 & z a means ( /ill fur!r cem5t+ ! good 
feel+s ( ! two greate/ republics on !   
globe4 ,! /atue /&s on ,b$loe's ,isl&1 9
 ,new ,york h>bor4 ,! tor* ( lib]ty1    
held 9 ! "r h&1 is illum9at$ at night by
 a huge electric light4 ,! p$e/al on :i*
 ! /atue /&s 0 built by volunt>y        
contributions1 solicit$ by ! ,new ,york 
,_w4  ,illu/ration3 ,,*e/nut ,,/reet1   
,,philadelphia1                         
,,p5nsylvania4--,philadelphia1 ! ?ird   
city ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! metropolis ( 
,p5nsylvania1 (t5 call$ ! ,city (       
,bro!rly ,love1 0 f\nd$ 9 #afhb by      
,william ,p5n4 ,?is picture repres5ts   
,*e/nut ,/reet1 ! pr9cipal retail       
bus9ess /reet & ! av5ue on :i* ! lead+  

bank+ in/itutions are locat$4 ,! build+ 
on ! "r is ,indep5d5ce ,hall1 9 :i* 0   
decl>$ ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  
,! lib]ty bell is /ill pres]v$ & f\nd at
 ! entrance ( ! build+4 ,! /ructure 9 ! 
backgr\nd is a bank+ h\se4              
,illu/ration3 ,,m>ket ,,/reet1          
,,philadelphia1 ,,p5nsylvania4--,p]haps 
no /reet 9 ! _w furni%es an av5ue = s   
mu* bus9ess z does ,m>ket ,/reet4 ,!    
/reet f ?is po9t1 :i* t]m9ates at !     
,delaw>e ,riv]1 mak+ a total ( f\rte5   
squ>es1 is full ( :olesale h\ses4 ,!re  
are times dur+ ! day :5 x is pack$ )    
teams & p$e/rians1 pres5t+ an int]e/+   
sight = a /rang]4 ,! build+ on ! "r-h&  
side is consid]$ ! l>ge/ /ore ( its k9d 
9 ! _w4 ,! c>s on ,m>ket ,/reet are run 
by cable1 a sy/em introduc$ a few ye>s  
ago4  ,illu/ration3 ,,=t ,,san ,,m>co1  
,,/4 ,,augu/9e1 ,,florida1 ,u4 ,s4      
,a4--,/4 ,augu/9e1 hav+ ! di/9ction (   
be+ ! olde/ city 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 0   
f\nd$ by ,europeans & has rec5tly become
 a popul> w9t] wat]+-place4 ,x is       

?irty-six miles f ,jacksonville1 & /&s  
on a s&y p59sula4 ,along ! sea-front1 = 
ne>ly a mile1 ext5ds a granite-cop$     
sea-wall2 &1 at its nor!rn end1 /&s !   
,=t ( ,san ,m>co1 a well-pres]v$ specim5
 ( ,spani% milit>y ar*itecture1 built 9 
#agef4 ,! =t has a moat & outworks1 &   
its walls are tw5ty-"o feet high4 ,x is 
9 ! =m ( a trapezium1 & cov]s f\r acres4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,ponce ,,de ,,leon1    
,,/4 ,,augu/9e1 ,,florida4              
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,capitol1 ,,wa%+ton1 
,d4 ,c4  ,illu/ration3 ,,:ite ,,h\se1   
,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4--,! (ficial resid5ce 
( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is     
beautifully situat$ at ! we/]n extremity
 ( ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue1 ab\t a mile & a 
half we/ ( ! ,capitol4 ,x is con/ruct$ (
 ,free/one1 pa9t$ :ite4 ,its dim5sions  
are #agj feet front & #hf feet deep4 ,! 
g>d5-front is v beautiful & admirably   
kept1 ! lawn slop+ d[n to ! ,potomac    
,riv]4 ,9 ! squ>e 9 front ( ! ,mansion1 
/&s ! celebrat$ eque/rian /atue ( ,g5]al
 ,jackson4 ,v close to ! ,:ite ,h\se are

 locat$ ! ,/ate ,treasury1 & ,navy & ,w>
 dep>tm5ts4