,,questionable ,,amusements ,,and ,,worthy ,,substitutes ,by ,j4 ,m4 ,judy ,introduction by ,george ,h4 ,trever1 ,ph4,d41 ,d4,d4 ,the manuscript of ,this book was not submitted to any publisher1 but was put in its present form by ,,jennings ,,pye1 for a friend of the author4 ,address4 ,chicago3 ,western ,methodist ,book ,concern1 #aijd4 ,,introduction4 ,by ,george ,h4 ,trever1 ,,ph4,d41 ,d4,d4 ,author of ,comparative ,theology1 etc4 ,a ,,book on ,questionable ,amusements and ,worthy ,substitutes is timely to-day4 ,such a grouping of subject matter is in itself a commendation4 ,possibly we have been saying ,don't quite enough without offering the positive substitute4 ,the expulsive power of a new affection is1 after all1 the mightiest agency in reform4 ,thou shalt not is quite easy to say2 but though the house be emptied1 swept1 and garnished1 unless pure angels hasten to occupy the vacated chambers1 other spirits worse than the first will soon rush in to befoul them again4 ,the author of these papers1 the ,rev4 ,j4,m4 ,judy1 writes out of a full1 warm heart4 ,we know him to be a correct1 able preacher of the gospel1 and an efficient fisher of men4 ,having thoroughly prepared himself for his work by courses in ,northwestern ,university and ,garrett ,biblical ,institute1 by travel in the ,south and ,west of our own country1 and by a visitation of the ,old ,world1 he has served on the rugged frontier of his ,conference1 and among foreign populations grappling successfully with some of the most difficult problems in modern ,church work4 ,the following articles aroused much interest when delivered to his own people1 and must do good wherever read4 ,in style they are clear and vivid2 in logical arrangement excellent2 glow with sacred fervor1 and pulse with honest1 eager conviction4 ,we bespeak for them a wide reading1 and would especially commend them to the young people of our ,epworth ,leagues4 ,,whitewater1 ,,wis41 ,march #b1 #aijd4 ,,preface4 ,,questionable ,amusements and ,worthy ,substitutes is a consideration of the so-called questionable amusements1 and an outlook for those forms of social1 domestic1 and personal practices which charm the life1 secure the present1 and build for the future4 ,to take away the bad is good2 to give the good is better2 but to take away the bad and to give the good in its stead is best of all4 ,this we have tried to do1 not in our own strength1 but with the conscious presence of the ,spirit of ,god4 ,the spiritual indifference of ,christendom to-day as one meets with it in all forms of ,christian work has led us to send out this message4 ,questionable ,amusements1 form both a cause and a result of this widespread indifference4 ,an underlying cause of this indifference among those who profess to be followers of ,jesus ,christ1 is lack of conviction for sin1 want of positive faith in the fundamental truths of the ,scriptures1 too little and superficial prayer1 and lack of personal1 soul-saving work4 ,is the class-meeting becoming extinct8 ,is the prayer-meeting lifeless8 ,is the revival spirit decaying8 ,is family worship formal1 or has it ceased8 ,however some may answer these questions1 still we believe that the ,church has a warm heart1 and that signs of her vigorous life are expressed in her tenacious hold for high moral standards1 and in her generous ,,giving of money and of men4 ,our point of view has been that of the person1 old or young1 regardless of sect1 race1 party1 occupation1 or circumstances1 who has a life to live1 and who wants to make the most out of it for himself and for his fellow-men1 and who believes that he will find this life disclosed in nature1 in history1 and in the ,word of ,god4 ,j4,m4,j4 ,,orfordville1 ,,wis41 ,march1 #aijd4 ,,contents ,,part ,i4 ,,questionable ,,amusements ,,chapter ,i ,,tobacco ,,ii ,,drunkenness ,,iii ,,gambling1 ,,cards ,,iv ,,dancing ,v ,,theater-,,going ,,part ,,ii ,,worthy ,,substitutes ,,vi ,,books ,,and ,,reading ,,vii ,,social ,,recreation ,,viii ,,friendship ,,ix ,,travel ,x ,,home ,,and ,,the ,,home-,,maker ,,part ,i4 ,,questionable ,,amusements4 ,the excesses of our youth are drafts on our old age1 payable about one hundred years after date without interest4--,,john ,,ruskin4 ,i4 ,,tobacco4 ,tobacco wastes the body4 ,it is used for the nicotine that is in it4 ,this peculiar ingredient is a poisonous1 oily1 colorless liquid1 and gives to tobacco its odor4 ,this odor and the flavor of tobacco are developed by fermentation in the process of preparation for use4 ,poison is commonly defined as any substance that when taken into the system acts in an injurious manner1 tending to cause death or serious detriment to health4 ,and different poisons are defined as those which act differently upon the human organism4 ,for example1 one class1 such as nicotine in tobacco1 is defined as that which acts as a stimulant or an irritant2 while another class1 such as opium1 acts with a quieting1 soothing influence4 ,but the fact is that poison does not act at all upon the human system1 but the human system acts upon the poison4 ,in one class of poisons1 such as opium1 the reason why the system does not arouse itself and try to cast off the poison1 is that the nerves become paralyzed so that it can not4 ,and in the case of nicotine in tobacco the nerves are not thus paralyzed1 so that they try in every way to cast off the poison4 ,let the human body represent the house1 and the sensitive nerves and the delicate blood vessels the sleeping inmates of that house4 ,let the ,foe ,opium come to invade that house and to destroy the inmates1 for every poison is a deadly ,foe4 ,at the first appearance of this subtle ,foe terror is struck into the heart of the inmates1 so that they fall back helpless1 paralyzed with fear4 ,when the ,intruder ,tobacco comes1 he comes boisterously1 rattling the windows and jostling the furniture1 so that the inmates of the house set up a life-and-death conflict against him4 ,this is just what happens when tobacco is taken into the human system4 ,every nerve cries out against it1 and every effort is made to resist it4 ,you ask1 ,will one's body be healthier and live longer without tobacco than with it8 ,we answer1 by asking1 ,will one's home be happier and more prosperous without some deadly ,foe continually invading it1 or with such a ,foe8 ,when the membranes and tissues of the body1 with their host of nerves and blood vessels1 have to be fighting against some deadly poison in connection with their ordinary work1 will they not wear out sooner than if they could be left to do their ordinary work quietly8 ,to illustrate3 ,a particle of tobacco dust no sooner comes into contact with the lining membrane of the nose1 than violent sneezing is produced4 ,this is the effort of the besieged nerves and blood vessels to protect themselves4 ,a bit of tobacco taken into the mouth causes salivation because the salivary glands recognize the enemy and yield an increased flow of their precious fluid to wash him away4 ,taken into the stomach unaccustomed to its presence1 and it produces violent vomiting4 ,the whole lining membrane of that much-abused organ rebels against such an ,intruder1 and tries to eject him4 ,tobacco dust and smoke taken into the lungs at once excretes a mucous-like fluid in the mouth1 throat1 windpipe1 bronchial tubes1 and in the lungs themselves4 ,excretions such as this mean a violent wasting away of vitality and power4 ,taken in large quantities into the stomach1 tobacco not only causes an excretion of mucus from the mouth1 throat1 and breathing organs1 but it produces an overtaxing of the liver2 that is1 this organ overworks in order to counteract the presence of the poison4 ,but one asks1 ,if tobacco is so injurious1 why is it used with such apparent pleasure8 ,a small quantity of tobacco received into the system by smoking1 chewing1 or snuffing is carried through the circulation to the skin1 lungs1 liver1 kidneys1 and to all the organs of the body1 by which it is moderately resisted4 ,the result is a gentle excitement of all these organs4 ,they are in a state of morbid activity4 ,and as sensibility depends upon vital action of the bodily organisms1 there is necessarily produced a degree of sense gratification or pleasure4 ,the reason why these sensations are pleasurable instead of painful is1 in this state of moderate excitement the circulation is materially increased without being materially unbalanced4 ,but as with every sense indulgence1 when the craving for increased doses becomes satisfied1 when larger doses are taken the circulation becomes unbalanced1 vital resistance centers in one point1 congestion occurs1 then the sensation becomes one of pain instead of one of pleasure4 ,this disturbance or excitement caused by tobacco is nothing more nor less than disease4 ,for it is abnormal action1 and abnormal action is fever1 and fever is disease4 ,it is state on good authority1 that no one who smokes tobacco before the bodily powers are developed ever makes a strong1 vigorous man4 ,dr4 ,h4 ,gibbons says3 ,tobacco impairs digestion1 poisons the blood1 depresses the vital powers1 causes the limbs to tremble1 and weakens and otherwise disorders the heart4 ,it is conceded by the medical profession that tobacco causes cancer of the tongue and lips1 dimness of vision1 deafness1 dyspepsia1 bronchitis1 consumption1 heart palpitation1 spinal weakness1 chronic tonsillitis1 paralysis1 impotency1 apoplexy1 and insanity4 ,it is held by some men that tobacco aids digestion4 ,dr4 ,mc,allister1 of ,utica1 ,new ,york1 says that it weakens the organs of ,digestion and assimilation1 and at length plunges one into all the horrors of dyspepsia4 99,tobacco dulls the mind499 ,it does this not only by wasting the body1 the physical basis of the mind1 but it does it through habits of intellectual idleness1 which the user of tobacco naturally forms4 ,whoever heard of a first-class loafer who did not e-a-t the weed or burn it1 or both8 ,on the rail train recently we were compelled to ride for an hour in the smoking-car1 which ,dr4 ,talmage has called the nastiest place in ,christendom4 ,in front of me sat a young man1 drawing and puffing away at a cigar1 polluting the entire region about him4 ,in the short hour enough time was lost by that young man to have carefully read ten pages of the best standard literature4 ,all this we observed by an occasional glance from the delightful volume in our own hands4 ,the ordinary user of tobacco has little taste for reading1 little passion for knowledge1 and superficial habits of continued reasoning4 ,his leisure moments are absorbed in the sense-gratification of the weed4 ,but if as much attention had been given in acquiring the habit of reading as had been given in learning the use of tobacco1 the most valuable of all habits would take the place of one of the most useless of all habits4 ,when we see a person trying to read with a cigar or a pipe in his mouth1 ,knowing that nine-tenths of his real consciousness is given to his smoking1 and one-tenth to what he is reading1 we are reminded of the commercial traveler who wanted to make the show of a library at home1 so he wrote to a book merchant in ,london1 saying3 ',send me six feet of theology1 and about as much metaphysics1 and near a yard of civil law in old folio4' ,not a sentimentalist1 a reformer1 nor a crank1 but ,dr4 ,james ,copeland says3 ,tobacco weakens the nervous powers1 favors a dreamy1 imaginative1 and imbecile state of mind1 produces indolence and incapacity for manly or continuous exertion1 and sinks its votary into a state of careless inactivity and selfish enjoyment of vice4 ,professor ,l4 ,h4 ,gause writes3 ,the intellect becomes duller and duller1 until at last it is painful to make any intellectual effort1 and we sink into a sensuous or sensual animal4 ,any one who would retain a clear mind1 sound lungs1 undisturbed heart1 or healthy stomach1 must not smoke or chew the poisonous plant4 ,it is commonly known that in a number of ,american and foreign colleges1 by actual testing1 the non-user of tobacco is superior in mental vigor and scholarship to the user of it4 ,in view of this fact1 our ,government will not allow the use of tobacco at ,west ,point or at ,annapolis4 ,and in the examinations in the naval academy a large percentage of those who fail to pass1 fail because of the evil effects of smoking4 ,tobacco drains the pocketbook4 ,will you please look through my mouth and nose8 asked a young man once of a ,new ,york physician4 ,the man of medicine did so1 and reported nothing there4 ,strange6 ,look again4 ,why1 sir1 ,i have blown ten thousand dollars--a great tobacco plantation and a score of slaves--through that nose4 ,the ,partido cigar regularly retails at from twenty-five to thirty cents each4 ,an ordinary smoker will smoke four cigars a day4 ,three hundred and sixty-five dollars a year1 besides his treating4 ,a small fortune every ten years6 ,a neighbor of ours on the farm used to go to town in the spring and buy enough chewing tobacco to last him until after harvest1 and flour to last the family for two weeks4 ,among all classes of people this useless drain of the pocketbook is increasing4 ,in our country last year more money was spent for tobacco than was spent for foreign missions1 for the ,churches1 and for public education1 all combined4 ,our tobacco bill in one year costs our ,nation more than our furniture and our boots and shoes2 more than our flour and our silk goods2 one hundred and forty-five million dollars more than all our printing and publishing2 one hundred and thirty-five million dollars more than the sawed lumber of the ,nation4 ,each year ,france buys of us twenty-nine million pounds of tobacco1 ,great ,britain fifty millions1 and ,germany sixty-nine million pounds1 to say nothing of how much these nations import from other countries4 ,never before has the use of tobacco been so widespread as to-day4 ,the ,turks and ,persians are the greatest smokers in the world4 ,in ,india all classes and both sexes smoke2 in ,china the practice--perhaps there more ancient--is universal1 and girls from the age of eight or nine wear as an appendage to their dress a small silken pocket to hold tobacco and a pipe4 ,nor can the expense and widespread use of tobacco be defended on the ground that it is a luxury1 for the abstainer from tobacco counts it the greater luxury not to use it4 ,the only explanation for its use is1 that it is a habit which binds one hand and foot1 and from which no person with ordinary will power in his own strength can free himself4 ,tobacco blunts the moral nature4 ,it is not certain how long tobacco has been used as a narcotic4 ,some authorities hold that the smoking of tobacco was an ancient custom among the ,chinese4 ,but if this is true1 we know that it did not spread among the neighboring nations4 ,when ,columbus came to ,america he found the natives of the ,west ,indies and the ,american ,indian smoking the weed4 ,with the ,indian its use has always had a religious and legal significance4 ,early in the sixteenth century tobacco was introduced into ,england1 later into ,spain1 and still later1 in #aefj1 into ,italy4 ,used for its medicinal properties at first1 soon it came to be used as a luxury4 ,the popes of ,italy saw its harm and thundered against it4 ,the priests and sultans of ,turkey declared smoking a crime4 ,one sultan made it punishable with death4 ,the pipes of smokers were thrust through their noses in ,turkey1 and in ,russia the noses of smokers were cut off in the earlier part of the seventeenth century4 ,king ,james ,i of ,england issued a counterblast to tobacco1 in which he described its use as a 'custom loathsome to the eye1 hateful to the nose1 harmful to the brain1 dangerous to the lungs1 and in the black1 stinking fumes thereof nearest resembling the horrible ,stygian smoke of the pit that is bottomless4' ,as one contrasts this sentiment with the practice of the present sovereign of ,england1 his breath is almost taken away in his great fall from the sublime to the ridiculous6 ,while we do not believe a moderate use of tobacco for a mature person is necessarily a sin1 yet we do believe that it does blunt the moral sense1 and soon leads to spiritual weakness and indifference1 which are sins4 ,to love ,god with all one's heart1 mind1 soul1 and strength1 and one's neighbor as himself1 means not only a denial of that which is questionable in morals1 but a practice of that which is positively good4 ,however noble or worthy in character may be some who use tobacco1 yet by common consent it is a tool of the devil4 ,every den of gamblers1 every low-down grogshop1 every smoking-car1 every public resort and waiting-room departments for men1 every rendezvous of rogues1 loafers1 villains1 and tramps is thoroughly saturated with the vile stench of the cuspidor and the poisonous odors of the pipe and cigar4 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,cox abandoned tobacco after a drunken loafer asked him for a light4 ,not until then had he seen and felt the disreputable fraternity that existed between the users of tobacco4 ,owen ,meredith gives us a standard of strength and freedom1 which is an inspiration to every lover of rounded1 perfected manhood and womanhood3 ,strong is that man1 he only strong1 ,to whose well-ordered will belong1 ,for service and delight1 ,all powers that in the face of wrong ,establish right4 ,and free is he1 and only he1 ,who1 from his tyrant passions free1 ,by fortune undismayed1 ,has power within himself to be1 ,by self obeyed4 ,if such a man there be1 where'er ,beneath the sun and moon he fare1 ,he can not fare amiss2 ,great nature hath him in her care4 ,her cause is his4 ,only let the will1 the powers1 the freedom1 and the self of which the writer speaks become the ,christ will1 the ,christ powers1 the ,christ freedom1 and the ,christ self4 ,then the strongest chains of bondage must fly into flinters4 ,for if the ,son make you free1 ye are free indeed4 7,john viii1 #cf47 ,,ii4 ,,drunkenness4 ,i4 ,a ,,temperance ,,platform4 ,,we bring to you three words of counsel with respect to this subject4 ,first1 ,beware of the ,social ,glass2 second1 ,study the ,drink ,evil2 third1 ,openly oppose it4 ,this is a ,temperance ,platform upon which every sober1 informed1 and conscientious person may stand4 ,would it be narrow or uncharitable to assert that not to stand upon this platform argues that one is not sober1 or not informed1 or not conscientious8 ,the crying need of to-day is1 that men and women shall be urged into positions of conviction and activity against this most colossal evil of our time4 ,in our country the responsibility for drunkenness rests not with the illiterate1 blasphemous1 ex-prison convicts who operate the #bej1jjj saloons of our ,nation1 nor yet with the #bej1jjj finished products of the saloon who go down into drunkards' graves every year1 but with the sober1 respectable1 hard-working1 voting citizens of our country4 ,nor does this exempt women1 whose opportunity to shape the moral and political convictions of the home is far greater than that of the men4 ,when the women of ,america say to the saloon1 ,you go6 the saloon will have to go4 ,the moral and political measures of any people are easily traceable to the sisters and wives and mothers of that people4 ,you and ,i and every ordinary citizen of our country had as well try to escape our own shadow1 as to try to escape the responsibility that rests upon us for the drunkenness of our people4 ,to help us to do our whole duty in our day and generation in this matter is the purpose of our message4 ,,ii4 ,,beware ,,of ,,the ,,social ,,glass4 ,the first and least thing that one can do to destroy drunkenness1 is to be a total abstainer4 ,beware of the social glass6 ,but quickly one replies1 ,why should there be any social glass8 ,why allow sparkling1 attractive springs of refreshing poison to issue forth in all of our social centers1 and then cry to our sons and daughters1 to our brothers and sisters1 ,beware8 ,my friend1 we must deal with facts as they are4 ,there should not be a social glass2 but what has that to do with the fact that the social glass is here8 ,you answer1 ,why allow these fountains of death to exist8 while we cry to our loved ones1 ,beware6 ,we do not advocate the presence of these fountains2 but while we seek to destroy them beseechingly we cry1 ,beware6 ,the social factor in the liquor traffic is its ,gibraltar of defense4 ,rare is the young man who has the intellectual stamina and moral courage to resist the invitations to take a social drink4 ,and in our frontier and foreign towns many of our bright and respected girls use the social glass4 ,but in its use is the beginning of a fateful end4 ,the subtlest thing in this world is sin4 ,listen6 ,sin is a monster of so frightful mien2 ,to be hated needs but to be seen2 ,but seen too oft1 familiar with the face1 ,we first endure1 then pity1 then embrace4 ,the subtle thing about it is1 that the first embracing of any sin seems to be but a trifling1 an occasional affair4 ,for one who lives in an ordinary city of a thousand inhabitants or upwards1 unless he is an out-and-out ,christian and selects only associates like himself1 it becomes a real ,embarrassment not to indulge in a social drink4 ,it seems polite1 clever1 the kindly thing to do4 ,and the sad fact is1 that the majority of unchristian young people and many older ones do not decline4 ,to prove this we have but to look at the human wrecks along the shore4 ,two young men lived near our home4 ,their parents were well-to-do4 ,the family grew tired of the farm and moved to town4 ,the boys fell in with bad company4 ,they did not decline the social glass4 ,soon they furnished other young men with drink from their own pocket4 ,this was fifteen years ago4 ,to-day one of them is a hardened sinner1 violent in his passions and blasphemous against ,god4 ,the other one1 having spent a term in our ,illinois ,state ,university at ,champaign1 married a beautiful neighbor girl and moved to ,missouri4 ,here he lived off the money of his father's estate1 practicing his early-learned habits of drinking1 gambling1 and loafing4 ,he moved from ,state to ,state until1 finally left in poverty1 he tended bar in a saloon4 ,while visiting with relatives in his old neighborhood a few years ago he stole a watch and some money from his own nephew1 and was tried in the courts1 and sentenced to the penitentiary for one year4 ,his wife1 having carried the burden of disgrace and want through all these years1 with the seven unfortunate children were released from him to struggle alone4 ,all this we have seen with our own eyes as the years have come and gone4 ,the downfall and ruin of this young man1 and the unsaved fate of his brother1 easily may be traceable to the social glass and the boon companions of the social glass--tobacco and playing-cards4 ,last year ,i met a man who had prided himself in the fact that he could drink or let it alone1 and thought that it was all right to take a social glass occasionally4 ,election time came around2 he fell in with his friends1 and1 as one always will do sooner or later who tampers with it at all1 went too far4 ,before he knew it he was as low in the gutter as a beast4 ,it was three days before he was a sober man again4 ,he work had ceased1 he had disgusted his fellow-workmen1 disgraced his ,christian family1 and had humiliated himself so that he was ashamed to look any man in the face until he had repented of his sins before ,god1 and had promised ,him1 by ,his help1 that he would never drink another glass4 ,what a pleasure it was to hear that old man1 as he is close to sixty years of age1 to hear him tell in a spirited religious service of how he had strayed from his path and had got lost in the woods1 but thanked ,god that he was out of the woods1 and by ,his help would remain out4 ,when we become undone in ,christ ,he lifts us up and starts us on our new way rejoicing in ,his love4 ,if ,christ ,himself were here in body1 do you know what ,he would advise on this point8 ,he would say3 ,as it is written2 ,look not thou upon the wine when it is red1 when it giveth its color in the cup1 when it goeth down smoothly3 at the last it biteth like a serpent and stingeth like an adder4 ,beware of the social glass1 my friend1 for though it promises pleasure1 it gives but pain2 it promises joy1 it gives but sorrow2 it promises deliverance1 it gives but eternal death6 ,,iii4 ,,study ,,the ,,drink ,,evil4 ,we hear it said1 ,no use to picture the horrors of the drink evil2 every one knows them already4 ,in part1 this is true4 ,all of us know more than we wish it were possible to be true2 and yet no one can ever realize its horrors until caught1 and torn1 and mangled in its pinching1 jagged1 griping meshes4 ,it is one thing to know by a distant glance1 it is another thing to know by the pangs of a broken heart and of a wrecked life4 ,for those who are not thus caught in its meshes to realize its horrors so as to seek its destruction but one course is possible2 namely1 ,to study the evil4 ,let the teacher tell of its ravages2 let the minister proclaim its curses2 let the poet sing it2 the painter paint it2 the editor report it2 the novelist portray it2 the scientist describe it2 the philosopher decry it2 the sisters and wives and mothers denounce it--until all shall unite in smiting it to its death6 ,we should study the drink evil in its relation to disease4 ,that strong drink tends to produce disease is no longer questioned4 ,during the cholera in ,new ,york ,city in #ahcb1 of two hundred and four cases in the ,park ,hospital only six were temperate1 and all of these recovered2 while one hundred and twenty-two of the others died4 ,in ,great ,britain in the same year five-sixths of all who perished were intemperate4 ,in one or two villages every drunkard died1 while not a single member of a temperance society lost his life4 ,in ,paisley1 ,england1 in #ahdh1 there were three hundred and thirty-seven cases of cholera1 and every case except one was a dram-drinker4 ,the cases of cholera were one for every one hundred and eighty-one inhabitants2 but among the temperate portion there was only one case to each two thousand4 ,of three hundred and eighty-six persons connected with the total abstinence societies only one died1 and he was a reformed drunkard of three months' standing4 ,in ,new ,orleans during the last epidemic the order of the ,sons of ,temperance appointed a committee to ascertain the number of deaths from cholera among their members4 ,it was found that there were twelve hundred and forty-three members in the city and suburbs1 and among these only three deaths had occurred1 being only one-sixth the average death-rate4 ,in ,new ,york1 in #ahcb1 only two out of five thousand members of temperance societies died4 ,the ,northwestern ,life ,insurance ,company of ,milwaukee1 ,wisconsin1 one of the oldest and most successful ,companies in the ,northwest1 has lived for nearly forty years next neighbor to lager beer interests4 ,the shrewd men of this company have studied the influence of the beer industry upon those who engage in it4 ,the result is1 that they will no longer grant an insurance policy to a beer-brewer1 nor to any one in any way engaged in the business4 ,in their own words their reason is this3 ,our statistics show that our business has been injured by the short lives of those men who drink lager beer4 ,then1 we need to study the drink evil in its relation to society4 ,a recent report of the chaplain of the ,madalen ,society of ,new ,york shows that of eight-nine fallen women in the asylum at one time1 all but two ascribed their fall to the effect of the drink habit4 ,a lady missionary makes the statement that of two thousand sinful women known personally to her1 there were only ten cases in which intoxicating liquors were not largely responsible for their fall4 ,a leading worker for reform in ,new ,york says that the suppression of the curse of strong drink would include the destruction of ninety-nine of every one hundred of the houses of ill-fame4 ,a missionary on going at the written request of one of these lost women to rescue her from a den of infamy remonstrated with her for being even then slightly under the influence of drink4 ,why1 was her indignant reply as tears filled her eyes1 do you suppose we girls are so dead that we have lost our memories of mother1 home1 and everything good8 ,no1 indeed2 and if it were not for liquor and opium1 we would all have to run away from our present life or go mad by pleadings of our own hearts and home memories4 ,only by a study of the drink evil shall we know its ravages in the home4 ,those of us who have lived in the pure air of free1 country home-life can not easily realize the moral plague of drunkenness as it blights the home in the crowded districts of city slum life4 ,nor is the home of the city alone cursed by the drink evil4 ,three years ago this last holiday season we were doing some evangelistic work in a neighboring town1 a mere village of a couple hundred inhabitants4 ,i shall never forget how the mother of a dejected home cried and pleaded for help from the ravages of her drunken husband4 ,she said that he had spent all of his wages1 and had made no provision for the home1 in furniture1 in books for the children1 nor in clothing for them nor for her4 ,she had come almost to despair1 and was blaming ,god for allowing her little ones to suffer because of a worthless man4 ,o1 the world is full of this sort of thing to-day1 if we only knew the sighs and heartaches and blasted hopes of those who suffer6 ,in a smoking-car one day a commercial traveler refused to drink with his old comrades1 by saying3 ,no1 ,i won't drink with you to-day1 boys4 ,the fact is1 boys1 ,i have sworn off4 ,he was taunted and laughed at1 and urged to tell what had happened to him4 ,they said3 ,if you've quit drinking1 something's up2 tell us what it is4 ,well1 boys1 he said1 ,i will1 though ,i know you will laugh at me2 but ,i will tell you all the same4 ,i have been a drinking man all my life1 and have kept it up since ,i was married1 as you all know4 ,i love whisky2 it's as sweet in my mouth as sugar1 and ,god only knows how ,i'll quit it4 ,for seven years not a day has passed over my head that ,i didn't have at least one drink4 ,but ,i am done4 ,yesterday ,i was in ,chicago4 ,down on ,south ,clark ,street a customer of mine keeps a pawnshop in connection with his business4 ,i called on him1 and while ,i was there a young man of not more than twenty-five1 wearing thread-bare clothes1 and looking as hard as if he had not seen a sober day for a month1 came in with a little package in his hand4 ,tremblingly he unwrapped it1 and handed the articles to the pawnbroker1 saying1 ',give me ten cents4' ,and1 boys1 what do you suppose that package was8 ,a pair of baby's shoes2 little things with the buttons only a trifle soiled1 as if they had been worn once or twice4 ',where did you get them8' asked the pawnbroker4 ',got 'em at home1' replied the man1 who had an intelligent face and the manner of a gentleman1 despite his sad condition4 ',my wife bought 'em for our baby4 ,give me ten cents for 'em4 ,i want a drink4' ',you had better take those back to your wife2 the baby will need them1' said the pawnbroker4 ',no1 she won't44,she's lying at home now2 she died last night4' ,as he said this the poor fellow broke down1 bowed his head on the showcase1 and cried like a child4 ',boys1' said the drummer1 'you can laugh if you want to1 but ,i have a baby of my own at home1 and by the help of ,god ,i'll never drink another drop4' ,the man went into another car1 the bottle had disappeared1 and the boys pretended to read some papers that lay scattered about the car4 ,ah1 this is only one out of hundreds of such scenes that are being enacted every day in our saloon-cursed cities4 ,we should study the drink evil to see how it makes people poor and keeps them poor4 ,a story is told of a drinking man who related to his family a dream that he had had the night before4 ,he dreamed that he saw three cats1 a fat one1 a lean one1 and a blind one2 and he was anxious to know what it meant that he should have such a strange dream4 ,quickly his little boy answered1 ,i can tell what it means4 ,the fat cat is the saloon-keeper who sells you drink1 the lean cat is mother and me1 and the blind cat is yourself4 ,in one of our large cities1 one day1 a laboring man1 leaving a saloon1 saw a costly carriage and pair of horses standing in front1 occupied by two ladies elegantly dressed1 conversing with the proprietor4 ',whose establishment is that8' he said to the saloon-keeper1 as the carriage rolled away4 ',it is mine1' replied the dealer1 proudly4 ',it cost thirty-five hundred dollars4 ,my wife and daughter couldn't do without that4' ,the mechanic bowed his head a moment in deep thought2 then1 looking up1 said with the energy of a man suddenly aroused by some startling flash1 ',i see it6' ',i see it6' ',see what8' asked the saloonkeeper4 ',see where for years my wages have gone4 ,i helped to pay for that carriage1 for those horses and gold-mounted harnesses1 and for the silks and laces for your family4 ,the money ,i have earned1 that should have given my wife and children a home of their own and good clothing1 ,i have spent at your bar4 ,by the help of ,god ,i will never spend another dime for drink4' ,south ,milwaukee has five thousand inhabitants4 ,three large mills operate there4 ,a reliable business man1 foreman in one of the mills1 told me that the laboring people of ,south ,milwaukee put #be1jjj each month into the tills of the saloons4 ,dr4 ,j4,o4 ,peck1 one of the most successful pastor evangelists of recent years1 tells of a man who crossed ,chelsea ,ferry to ,boston one morning1 and turned into ,commercial ,street for his usual glass4 ,as he poured out the poison1 the saloonkeeper's wife came in1 and confidently asked for #ejj to purchase an elegant shawl she had seen at the store of ,jordan1 ,march ,co44 ,he drew from his pocket a well-filled pocketbook1 and counted out the money4 ,the man outside the counter pushed aside his glass untouched1 and laying down ten cents departed in silence4 ,that very morning his devoted ,christian wife had asked him for ten dollars to buy a cloak1 so that she might look presentable at church4 ,he had crossly told her he had not the money4 ,as he left the saloon he thought1 ',here ,i am helping to pay for five-hundred-dollar cashmeres for that man's wife1 but my wife asks in vain for a ten-dollar cloak4 ,i can't stand this4 ,i have spent my last dime for drink4' ,when the next pay-day came that meek1 loving wife was surprised with a beautiful cloak from her reformed husband4 ,she could scarcely believe her own eyes as he laid it on the table4 ',there1 ,emma1 is a present for you4 ,i have been a fool long enough2 forgive me for the past1 and ,i will never touch liquor again4' ,she threw her arms around his neck1 and the hot tears told her heartfelt joy as she sobbed out3 ',charley1 ,i thank you a thousand times4 ,i never expected so nice a cloak4 ,this seems like other days4 ,you are so good1 and ,i am so happy4' ,the drink bill of our ,nation for last year was over a billion of dollars1 more money than was spent for missions--home and foreign--for all of our ,churches1 for public education1 for all the operations of courts of justice and of public officers1 and at least for two of the staple products of use in our country1 such as furniture and flour4 ,more than for all these was the money that our ,nation paid for drink last year4 ,when the people of our country get their eyes open to the cost and degradation of the drink evil1 something definite will be done by every one against it4 ,the drink evil in its relation to lawlessness and crime1 and to political corruption1 reveal still more ghastly aspects of it than we have yet mentioned4 ,the saloon strikes at the very heart1 not only of law and order1 but at personal liberty and justice in securing law and order4 ,it was in a police court in ,cincinnati on ,monday morning4 ,before the judge stood two stalwart policeman and a woman4 ,she was charged with disorderly conduct on the street and with disturbing the peace4 ,the policemen were sworn1 and one of them told this story1 to which the other one agreed4 ,he said3 ,i arrested the woman in front of a saloon on ,broadway on ,saturday night4 ,she had raised a great disturbance1 was fighting and brawling with men in the saloon1 and the saloonkeeper put her out4 ,she used the foulest language1 and with an awful threat struck at the saloonkeeper with all her force4 ,i then arrested her1 took her to the detention house1 and locked her up4 ,the saloonkeeper was called to the witness stand1 and said3 ,i know dis voman's vas making disturbance by my saloon4 ,she comes and she makes troubles1 und she fights mit me1 und ,i put her de door oud4 ,i know her all along4 ,she vas pad vomans4 ,the judge turned to the trembling woman and said3 ,this is a pretty clear case1 madam2 have you anything to say in your defense8 ,yes1 ,judge1 she answered1 in a strangely calm1 though trembling1 voice3 ,i am not guilty of the charge1 and these men standing before you have perjured their souls to prevent me from telling the truth4 ,it was they1 not ,i1 who violated the law4 ,i was in the saloon last ,saturday night1 and ,i will tell you how it happened4 ,my husband did not come home from work that evening1 and ,i feared he had gone to the saloon4 ,i knew he must have drawn his week's wages1 and we needed it all so badly4 ,i put the little ones to bed1 and then waited all alone through the weary hours until after the city clock struck twelve4 ,then ,i thought the saloons will be closed1 and he will be put out on to the street4 ,probably he will not be able to get home1 and the police will arrest him and lock him up4 ,i must go and find him1 and bring him home4 ,i wrapped a shawl about me and started out1 leaving the little ones asleep in bed4 ,and1 ,judge1 ,i have not seen them since4 ,she did not give way to tears1 for the worst grief can not weep4 ,she continued3 ,i went to the saloon1 where ,i thought most like he would be4 ,it was about twenty minutes after twelve2 but the saloon1 that man's saloon--pointing to the saloonkeeper1 who now wanted to crouch out of sight--was still open1 and my husband and these two policemen were standing at the bar drinking together4 ,i stepped up to my husband and asked him to go home with me2 but the men laughed at him1 and the saloonkeeper ordered me out4 ,i said1 ',no1 ,i want my husband to go home with me4' ,then ,i tried to tell him how badly we were needing the money that he was spending2 and then the saloon-keeper cursed me1 and told me to leave4 ,then ,i confess ,i could stand no more1 and said1 ',you ought to be prosecuted for violating the midnight closing law4' ,at this the saloonkeeper and policemen rushed upon me and put me into the street2 and one of the policemen1 grasping my arm like a vice1 hissed in my ear1 ',i'll get you a thirty days' sentence in the workhouse1 and then we'll see what you think about suing people4' ,he called a patrol wagon1 pushed me in1 and drove to jail2 and1 ,judge1 you know the rest4 ,all day yesterday ,i was locked up1 my children at home alone1 with no fire1 no food1 no mother4 ,the judge dismissed the woman2 but the saloonkeeper1 the perjured policemen1 nor the corrupt judge were ever prosecuted for their unlawfulness4 ,the whole affair was dropped because the saloon power in ,cincinnati reigns supreme4 ,this case is a matter of record in the ,cincinnati courts4 ,it is a disgraceful fact that the liquor-traffic rules in politics to-day4 ,a saloonkeeper in ,richmond1 ,virginia1 overheard some one talking of reform in municipal politics1 when he scornfully said3 ,any bar-room in ,richmond is a bigger man in politics than all the ,churches in ,richmond put together4 ,,iv4 ,,the ,,practical ,,question ,,for ,,us ,,here ,,and ,,now ,,is1 ,how may we openly oppose this drink evil8 ,the ,churches need not expect a widespread revival of religion until professing ,christians do their duty with respect to the saloon4 ,mothers and fathers need not expect their sons to remain sober while the saloon opens to them day and night4 ,wives need not expect their husbands to remain devoted and loyal until the saloon is abolished4 ,what is our duty8 ,how shall we oppose the evil8 ,how do the ,american people deal with evils when they deal with them at all8 ,when ,great ,britain went a little too far in taxation without representation1 what course did the ,american ,colonies adopt in remedying the evil8 ,their chief men said1 ,these ,colonies are1 and of right ought to be1 free and independent ,states4 ,the popular voice of the people decided it4 ,when the ,british ,government unduly impressed ,american seamen1 how was the difficulty settled8 ,the representatives of the people1 their lawmakers1 declared war against the opposing nation1 and forced her to cease her oppression4 ,the popular vote decided it4 ,when ,negro slavery darkened the entire sky of our country1 and caused our leading men to realize that we could not long exist half-slave and half-free1 how was the dark cloud dispelled8 ,the representatives of our people1 the lawmakers of the land1 in letters of blood wrote the immortal ,thirteenth ,amendment to the ,american ,constitution3 ,neither slavery nor involuntary servitude1 except as a punishment for crime1 whereof the person shall have been duly convicted1 shall exist within the ,united ,states1 or any place subject to their jurisdiction4 ,when we wanted to increase our territory in #ahjc1 and in #ahde1 and in #ahfg1 how did we go about it8 ,the representatives of the people1 the lawmakers of the land1 voted to make the purchases1 and they were made4 ,when a ,territory is organized1 or a ,state comes into the ,union1 what is done8 ,the representatives of the people1 the lawmakers of the land1 vote upon it1 and it is done4 ,when treaties are to be made with foreign countries2 when immigration of foreigners is to be regulated2 when money is to be borrowed or coined2 when post-offices and post-roads are to be established2 when counterfeiting is to be punished1 and public abuses are to be reformed1 whose business is it8 ,the ,constitution of the ,united ,states says the representatives of the people1 the lawmakers of the land1 have this power4 ,when will the drink evil cease in our country8 ,when our representatives in ,congress1 or lawmakers1 stand for the abolition of the ,american saloon1 and vote it out of existence2 then1 and not until then1 will drunkenness cease4 ,when will we have representatives in ,congress1 lawmakers who will stand for the abolition of the saloon1 and who will vote it out of existence8 ,not until you and ,i have select them1 and place them there with our vote4 ,to expect ,christian temperance in our country from any other source is absolute folly4 ,the abolition of drunkenness by local option is selfish1 unpractical1 and unscriptural4 ,you vote the liquor-traffic out of your town2 we vote it in ours4 ,remember every saloon exists only by vote of the people4 ,your young people come over to our town for drink4 ,we have the curse of ,god upon us4 ,woe unto him that giveth his neighbor drink4 7,hab4 ,ii1 #ae47 ,it is unpractical1 for so long as intoxicants are made they will be sold4 ,it is selfish1 for to vote against the saloon in your town election1 and to vote for it in your ,state or ,national election1 is to drive the mad-dog on past your door to the door of your neighbor1 when you might have killed him4 ,the abolition of drunkenness by regulating the traffic through license is the most gigantic delusion that ,satan ever worked upon an intelligent people4 ,it is a well-known truth that limitation is the secret of power4 ,the best way to provoke an early marriage between devoted lovers is bitterly to oppose them4 ,the stream whose water spreads over its low banks is without depth and current and power4 ,but confine the waters between high1 narrow banks1 the bed of the stream is deepened1 and its mighty current supports animal life and turns the wheels of mill and factory4 ,the regulation of the liquor-traffic by license makes it a financial and political power second to none in ,america to-day4 ,to vote for any party or man who advocates liquor license1 is to give a loyal support to the ,american saloon4 ,to expect the abolition of drunkenness solely through processes of education is to preach one thing and to practice another4 ,it is to perpetuate an evil that costs two hundred and fifty thousand precious lives every year4 ,it is to leave to the next generation a work that ,god expects us to do here and now4 ,dr4 ,banks relates an incident witnessed by ,major ,hilton on the coast of ,scotland4 ,just at the break of day the people of a little hamlet on the coast were awakened by the boom of a cannon over the stormy waves4 ,they knew what it meant1 for frequently they had heard before the same signal of distress4 ,some poor souls were out beyond the breakers perishing on a wrecked vessel1 and in their last extremity calling wildly for help4 ,the people hastened from their houses to the shore4 ,out there in the distance was a dismantled vessel pounding itself to pieces4 ,perishing fellow-beings were clinging to the rigging1 and every now and then some one was swept off into the sea by the furious waves4 ,the life-saving crew was soon gathered4 ',man the life-boat6' cried the man4 ,where is ,hardy8 ,but the foreman of the crew was not there1 and the danger was imminent4 ,aid must be immediate1 or all would be lost4 ,the next in command sprang into the frail boat1 followed by the rest1 all taking their lives in their hands in the hope of saving others4 ,o1 how those on the shore watched their brave loved ones as they dashed on1 now over1 now almost under the waves6 ,they reached the wreck4 ,like angels of deliverance they filled their craft with almost dying men--men lost but for them4 ,back again they toiled1 pulling for the shore1 bearing their precious freight4 ,the first man to help them land was ,hardy1 whose words rang above the roar of the breakers3 ,are you all here8 ,did you save them all8 ,with saddened faces the reply came3 ,all but one4 ,he couldn't help himself at all4 ,we had all we could carry4 ,we couldn't save the last one4 ,man the life-boat again6 shouted ,hardy4 ,i will go4 ,what6 leave one there to die alone8 ,a fellow-creature there1 and we on shore8 ,man the life-boat now6 ,we'll save him yet4 ,but who is this aged woman with worn garments and disheveled hair1 with agonized entreaty falling upon her knees beside this brave1 strong man8 ,it is his mother6 ,o1 my son6 your father was drowned in a storm like this4 ,your brother ,will left me eight years ago1 and ,i have never seen his face since the day he sailed4 ,no doubt he1 too1 has found a watery grave4 ,and now you will be lost1 and ,i am old and poor4 ,o1 stay with me6 ,mother1 cried the man1 where one is in peril1 there is my place4 ,if ,i am lost1 ,god surely will care for you4 ,the plea of earnest faith prevailed4 ,with a ,god bless you1 my boy6 she released him1 and speeded him on his way4 ,once more they watched and prayed and waited--those on the shore--while every muscle was strained toward the fast-sinking ship by those in the life-saving boat4 ,at last it reached the vessel4 ,the clinging figure was lifted and helped to its place4 ,back came the boat4 ,how eagerly they looked and called in encouragement1 and cheered as it came nearer6 ,did you get him8 was the cry from the shore4 ,lifting his hands to his mouth to trumpet the words on in advance of their landing1 ,hardy called back above the roar of the storm1 ,tell mother it is brother ,will6 ,my friend1 simply talking and praying will not save our loved ones from drunkards' graves4 ,we must man the life-boat of municipal1 ,state1 and ,national reform1 and vote for principle and ,christian temperance until we save the last man4 ,he may be brother ,will4 ,,iii4 ,,gambling1 ,,card-,,playing ,,gambling has become a moral plague of modern society4 ,in one form or another it has entered the rank and file of every department of life--in private parlor over cards2 in hotel drawing-room over election reports2 in college athletic grounds over brains and brawn2 in the counting-room over the price of stocks2 in the racing tournament over jockeying and speed2 in the ,board of ,trade hall over future prices of the necessaries of life2 in the den of iniquity at dice2 in the drinking saloon at the slot-machine2 in the people's fair at the wheel of fortune2 in the gambling den itself at every conceivable form of swindling trick and game4 ,gambling has come to be almost an omnipresent evil4 ,in treating this subject1 it is our purpose to point out something of the nature of its evil1 not only that we may be kept from it but that we may save others whom it threatens to destroy4 ,gambling grows out of a misuse of the natural tendency to take risks4 ,a social vice is some social right misused4 ,men have the social right to congregate to talk over measures of social and economic welfare4 ,but if they discuss measures which oppose the principles of free ,government1 their meeting together becomes a crime against the ,state4 ,a personal vice is some personal right misused4 ,as some one has put it1 ,vice is virtue gone mad4 ,it is a personal right and a personal virtue to be charitable1 even beneficent4 ,but since justice comes before mercy1 if one uses for charity that which should be used in payment of debt1 his virtue of beneficence becomes a vice of theft4 ,so it is with gambling4 ,it is giving the natural tendency to chance1 to risk an illegitimate play4 ,the person who is afraid to risk anything accomplishes but little in any way1 is seldom a speculator1 and never a gambler4 ,usually the gambler is the man who is naturally full of hazard1 who loves to run risks1 to take chances4 ,nor will one find a more practical and useful tendency in one's make-up than this4 ,see the discoverer of ,america and his brave crew for days and days sailing across an unknown sea toward an unknown land4 ,but that was the price of a ,new ,world4 ,note the hazard and risk of our ,pilgrim ,fathers4 ,but they gave to the world a new colonization4 ,see the ,second greatest ,american on his knees before ,almighty ,god1 promising him that he would free four million of slaves1 providing ,general ,lee should be driven back out of ,maryland4 ,general ,lee was driven back1 and that immortal though most hazardous of all documents1 from man's point of view1 was read to his ,cabinet and signed by ,abraham ,lincoln4 ,all great men have taken great risks4 ,not a section of the ,united ,states has been settled without some risk4 ,no business enterprise is launched without some risk4 ,to secure an education1 to learn a trade1 to marry a wife1 all involve some risk1 much risk4 ,the tendency to risk1 to hazard1 to chance it is a practical and useful tendency4 ,only let this tendency be governed always by wisdom and justice4 ,no person ever became a gambler until consciously or unconsciously he forfeited wisdom and justice in his chances and risks4 ,gambling takes a variety of forms4 ,first of all is the professional gambler4 ,he has no other business4 ,his investment is a pack of cards and a box of dice4 ,see him with his long1 slender fingers2 with his shaggy1 unkempt hair2 with keen eyes1 and a sordid countenance4 ,he is prepared to rake in a thousand dollars a night1 and would not hesitate to strip any man of his fortune4 ,the professional is found at county fairs1 on railway trains1 in gilded dens1 and at public resorts4 ,being a professional outlaw1 and subject at any time to arrest and imprisonment1 usually he has an accomplice4 ,sometimes a gang work together1 so that it is with perfect ease they may relieve any unwary novice of his money4 ,they know human nature on its low1 mercenary side1 and soon can find their man in a crowd4 ,but few persons have started out in life having it for their aim to get something for nothing who1 sooner or later1 have not been taken in by this gang of swindlers4 ,they know their kind4 ,the end of the professional gambler is final loss and ruin4 ,he will make #ajj1 he will make #ejj1 he will make #a1jjj1 he will make #b1jjj2 then he will lose all4 ,then he will borrow some money and start anew4 ,and again he will make #bjj1 he will make #fjj1 he will make #a1bjj1 and he will lose all4 ,like the winebibber and the professional murderer1 the professional gambler has his den4 ,not a large city in the world is without these haunts of vice4 ,who is it that feeds and supports them8 ,the novice at cards and dice1 husbands and sons of respectable families1 just as the occasional dram-taker supports the saloon4 ,as one has asked3 ,could fools to keep their own contrive1 ,on whom1 on what could gamesters thrive8 --,,gay4 ,the penny novice seeks the penny gambling den4 ,the aristocratic speculator seeks the gilded gambling den4 ,the expert trickster of large luck and large fortune makes his way to ,monte ,carlo1 the gambling ,mecca of the world4 ,monte ,carlo is a famous resort situated in the northwest part of ,italy4 ,it is notorious for its gambling saloon4 ,this city of nearly four thousand inhabitants is located in ,monaco1 the smallest independent country in the world4 ,monaco is about eight miles square1 and lies on a barren1 rocky ridge between the sea and lofty1 almost inaccessible rocks4 ,the soil is barren1 except in small tracts which are used for fruit-gardens4 ,for centuries the inhabitants1 the ,monagasques1 lived by marauding expeditions1 both by sea and land1 and by slight commerce with ,genoa1 ,marseilles1 and ,nice4 ,but in the last century the people have converted their country and city into a world-wide resort4 ,in #ahfj1 ,m4 ,blanc1 a famous gambler and saloon proprietor of two ,german cities1 went to ,monaco1 and for an immense sum of money received sole privilege to convert their province into a gambler's paradise4 ,soon immense marble buildings arose in the midst of such beauty as to make it a modern rival of the gardens of ancient ,babylon4 ,costly statues1 gorgeous vases1 graceful fountains1 elegant basins1 and beautiful terraces1 all of which are made alluring by blooming plants1 by light illuminations1 and by free concerts of music day and night1--these are the attractions in this gambler's paradise4 ,here fortunes are won and lost in a night4 ,for1 as has been sung1 ,dice will run the contrary way1 ,as well is known to all who play1 ,and cards will conspire as in treason4 --,,hood4 ,then we have the speculator in commerce4 ,he is the denizen of the ,board of ,trade hall4 ,he speculates on the prices of next week's1 of next month's meat and breadstuffs4 ,and still this sort of gambler may be a book-keeper in a bank1 a farm hand1 or a clerk in a grocery store4 ,it ha become so simple and so common a practice for persons to speculate on the markets that any person with ten dollars1 or twenty-five dollars1 or a hundred dollars may take his chances4 ,tens of thousands of dollars to-day are being swept into this silent whirlpool1 the gambler's commerce4 ,also we have the pool gambler4 ,he is actuated by love of excitement4 ,he is found at the race course1 at the baseball diamond1 and at all sorts of contests1 where he may find opportunity to be on the outcome4 ,it is a common thing for young men to steal their employers' money1 for young girls to take their hard-earned wages to stake on games and races4 ,recently #age1jjj were paid for the exclusive gambling right for one year at the ,washington ,park races in ,chicago4 ,last of all1 we have the society gambler4 ,he is growing numerous to-day4 ,he is the same person1 whether clad in full dress in the drawing-room of the worldling1 or in common dress around the fireside of the unchristian ,church member4 ,like the professional gambler his instrument is cards1 and he can shake the dice4 ,his games are whist1 progressive euchre1 and sometimes poker4 ,the stakes now are not money1 but the gratification of excitement and the indulgence of passion4 ,one1 two1 four hours go by almost unnoticed4 ,prizes are offered for the best player4 ,as a ,catholic priest told me after he had won a small sum with cards4 ,said he3 ,we just put up a few dollars1 you know1 to lend devotions to the game4 ,so prizes are offered in the social gambling to lend devotions to the game4 ,it is under such circumstances as these that young men and young women receive their first lessons in card-playing4 ,a passion for card-playing is called forth1 developed1 and must be satisfied1 even though it takes one in low places among vile associates4 ,a ,christian gentleman came from ,england to this country4 ,he brought with him #gj1jjj in money4 ,he proposed to invest the money4 ,part of it was his own2 part of it was his mother's4 ,he went into a ,christian ,church2 was coldly received1 and said to himself3 ',well1 if that is the kind of ,christian people they have in ,america1 ,i don't want to associate with them much4' ,so he joined a card-playing party4 ,he went with them from time to time4 ,he went a little further on1 and after a while he was in games of chance1 and lost all of the #gj1jjj4 ,worse than that1 he lost all of his good morals2 and on the night that he blew his brains out he wrote to the lady to whom he was affianced an apology for the crime he was about to commit1 and saying in so many words1 ',my first step to ruin was the joining of that card party4' ,in all of its forms gambling is loaded down with evil4 ,in the first place it destroys the incentive to honest work4 ,let the average young man win a hundred dollars at the races1 it will so turn his head against slow and honorable ways of getting money that he will watch for every opportunity to get it easily and abundantly4 ,the young girl who risks fifty cents and gets back fifty dollars will no longer be of service as a quiet1 contented worker4 ,the spirit of speculation1 the passion to get something for nothing1 is calculated to destroy the incentive to honest toil and to honorable methods of gain4 ,as one values his character1 as he values his peace of mind1 so should he zealously guard himself against overfascinating games of chance4 ,once we had a family in our ,church who played cards1 and who taught their children to play cards4 ,of course these families had no time for prayer-meeting1 nor for ,christian work4 ,card-playing for amusement or for money will create a passion that must be satisfied1 although one must give up home and business and pleasure4 ,in a town where we once lived a young man and his wife attended our ,church4 ,in every way the husband was kind1 and attentive to business4 ,but he had fallen a victim to playing cards for money4 ,when that passion would seize him he would leave his business1 his hired help1 his home and wife and little one1 and would lose himself for days at a time seeking to satisfy that passion4 ,an enviable husband1 father1 citizen1 and neighbor but for that evil2 but how wretchedly that ruined all6 ,dr4 ,holland1 of ,springfield1 ,massachusetts1 says3 ,i have all my days had a card-playing community open to my observation1 and yet ,i am unable to believe that that which is the universal resort of starved soul and intellect1 which has never in any way linked to itself tender1 elevating1 or beautiful associations1 but1 the tendency of which is to unduly absorb the attention from more weighty matters1 can recommend itself to the favor of ,christ's disciples4 ,i have this moment1 says he1 ringing in my ears the dying injunction of my father's early friend3 ',keep your son from cards4 ,over them ,i have murdered time and lost heaven4' ,gambling is dishonest4 ,it seeks something for nothing4 ,man possesses no money1 that he might risk giving it to some rogue to waste in sin4 ,all the property one possesses1 he possesses it by stewardship to be used wisely and honestly for good4 ,every age has needed a revival of the ,golden ,rule in business4 ,much of the business of to-day is attended to on the dishonest principle that characterizes gambling1 ,get as much as possible for as little as possible4 ,this spirit is first cousin to the spirit of gambling4 ,the only difference is1 one is called wrong and is wrong2 the other is wrong and is called right4 ,tell the gambler he is a thief2 he will acknowledge it1 and will beat you1 if he can1 while he is talking to you4 ,tell the other man he is a thief1 and he will sue you at court and win his case1 although it is just as wrong to steal #ajj from an unbalanced mind1 as it is to steal #ajj from an unlocked safe or off of an untrained football team4 ,it will be an easy matter to produce professional gamblers so long as society upholds dishonest dealers by another name4 ,what men need in this matter is moral and spiritual vision1 spiritual discernment4 ,some persons live by taking advantage of those who are down4 ,in all of its forms gambling leads to a long train of crimes4 ,in addition to his crime of theft the professional gambler1 through passion or drink1 becomes a murderer4 ,i knew a professional gambler who killed a man1 with whom he had been playing cards for money1 for fifty cents4 ,after it was all over the man was sorry he had done it1 for he had committed the crime in a passion while he was intoxicated4 ,the one who speculates on the markets is not counted dishonest by the world1 but how often and how quickly it leads one into crime6 ,in our neighboring town in ,illinois a man of a good family and of good standing in the community began to speculate on the ,chicago ,board of ,trade4 ,he was as honest a person1 perhaps1 as you or ,i4 ,he thought he was4 ,for years he had been a trusted1 ,christian worker1 and treasurer of the ,sunday-school4 ,but he made just one venture too many4 ,he had lost all2 could not even replace the ,sunday-school fund that he had simply used1 no doubt expecting to replace it with usury2 but the loss and disgrace were too much for him to face1 so he deserted home and friends and honor and all1 and secretly ran away4 ,the speculating gambler became a deserting embezzler4 ,the person who has acquired a passion for betting on races and games is on a fair way to professional gambling and to speculating on the markets4 ,and rarely does one ever escape these1 if once he gets a start in them4 ,the evil of society gambling is most dangerous of all1 because it is most subtle of all4 ,ah first no one would suspect an innocent game of cards1 played just for fun4 ,you may be the fourth one to make up a game2 you may not know how to play1 but you are told you can quickly learn4 ,you brave it1 and go in for a game4 ,the next time a similar circumstance arises1 you can not easily decline1 for you must confess you have played1 and so you go in as an old player4 ,this may be as far as the matter ever goes with you4 ,but here is one who is more impulsive than you2 his surroundings are entirely different4 ,he learns to play1 and comes to revel in it4 ,a passion is created for the game4 ,he is shrewd2 soon learns the tricks1 and one evening--purely by chance1 as it seems to him--he wins his first five dollars4 ,strange possibilities with cards lay hold upon him4 ,he is consumed by that passion4 ,he plays for business1 for keeps2 he has become a professional gambler4 ,ah6 this is no finespun tale2 it is being worked out every year in our country1 all over the world4 ,among many things for which ,i have to thank my father and mother not the least is1 that they would allow no gamblers1 nor gambling1 nor the instruments of gambling about our home4 ,better keep a pet rattlesnake for your child than a deck of cards2 for if he gets poisoned by the snake he may be cured2 but if the passion for card-playing should happen to seize him1 there is little chance of a cure4 ,the inmates of our penitentiaries to-day1 almost to a man1 testify that card-playing threw them into bad company1 led them into sin1 and was one of the causes of their downfall4 ,dr4 ,talmage was asked if there could be any harm in a pack of cards4 ,he ,said3 ,instead of directly answering your question1 ,i will give you as ,my opinion that there are thousands of men with as strong a brain as you have1 who have gone through card-playing into games of chance1 and have dropped down into the gambler's life and into the gambler's hell4 ,a prisoner in a jail in ,michigan wrote a letter to a temperance paper1 in which he gives this advice for young men3 ,let cards and liquor alone1 and you will never be behind the gates4 ,friends1 not every one who touches liquor is a drunkard1 but every drunkard touches liquor2 so not every one who plays cards is a professional gambler1 but every professional gambler plays cards4 ,is there nothing significant about these facts4 ,a word to the wise is sufficient4 ,in a railway train sat four men playing cards4 ,one was a judge1 and two of the others were lawyers4 ,near them sat a poor mother1 a widow in black4 ,the sight of the men at their game made her nervous4 ,she kept quiet as long as she could2 but finally rising came to them1 and addressing the judge1 asked3 ',do you know me8' ',no1 madam1 ,i do not1' said he4 ',well1 said the mother1 'you sentenced my son to ,state's prison for life4' ,turning to one of the lawyers1 she said3 ',and you1 sir1 pleaded against him4 ,he was all ,i had4 ,he worked hard on the farm1 was a good boy1 and took care of me until he began to play cards1 when he took to gambling and was lost4' ,dr4 ,guthrie writes3 ,in regard to the lawfulness of certain pursuits1 pleasures1 and amusements1 it is impossible to lay down any fixed and general rule2 but we may confidently say that whatever is found to unfit you for religious duties1 or to interfere with the performance of them2 whatever dissipates your mind or cools the fervor of your devotions2 whatever indisposes you to read your ,bibles or to engage in prayer1 wherever the thought of a bleeding ,savior1 or of a holy ,god1 or of the day of judgment falls like a cold shadow on your enjoyment1 the pleasures you can not thank ,god for1 on which you can not ask ,his blessing1 whose recollections will haunt a dying bed and plant sharp thorns in its uneasy pillow1--these are not for you44,never go where you can not ask ,god to go with you2 never be found where you would not like death to find you4 ,never indulge in any pleasure that will not bear the morning's reflection4 ,keep yourselves unspotted from the world1 not from its spots only1 but even from its suspicions4 ,,iv4 ,,dancing4 ,,dancing is the expression of inward feelings by means of rhythmical movements of the body4 ,usually these movements are in measured step1 and are accompanied by music4 ,in some form or another dancing is as old as the world1 and has been practiced by rude as well as by civilized peoples4 ,the passion for amateur dancing always has been strongest among savage nations1 who have made equal use of it in religious rites and in war4 ,with the savages the dancers work themselves into a perfect frenzy1 into a kind of mental intoxication4 ,but as civilization has advanced dancing has modified its form1 becoming more orderly and rhythmical4 ,the early ,greeks made the art of dancing into a system1 expressive of all the different passions4 ,for example1 the dance of the ,furies1 so represented1 would create complete terror among those who witnessed them4 ,the ,greek philosopher1 ,aristotle1 ranked dancing with poetry1 and said that certain dancers1 with rhythm applied to gesture1 could express manners1 passions1 and actions4 ,the most eminent ,greek sculptors studied the attitude of the dancers for their art of imitating the passions4 ,in a classical ,greek song1 ,apollo1 one of the twelve greater gods1 the son of ,zeus the chief god1 and the god of medicine1 music1 and poetry1 was called ,the ,dancer4 ,in a ,greek line ,zeus himself is represented as dancing4 ,in ,sparta1 a province of ancient ,greece1 the law compelled parents to exercise their children in dancing from the age of five years4 ,they were led by grown men1 and sang hymns and songs as they danced4 ,in very early times a ,greek chorus1 consisting of the whole population of the city1 would meet in the market-place to offer up thanksgivings to the god of the country4 ,their jubilees were always attended with hymn-singing and dancing4 ,the ,jewish records make frequent mention of dancing1 but always as a religious ceremony1 or as an expression of gratitude and praise4 ,as a means of entertainment in private society1 dancing was practiced in ancient times1 but by professional dancers1 and not by the company themselves4 ,it is true that the ,bible has sanctioned dancing1 but let us remember1 first1 that it was always a religious rite2 second1 that it was practiced only on joyful occasions1 at national feasts1 and after great victories2 third1 that usually it was performed by maidens in the daytime1 in open air1 in highways1 fields1 or groves2 fourth1 that there are no instances of dancing sanctioned in the ,bible1 in which both sexes united in the exercise1 either as an act of worship or as an amusement2 fifth1 that any who perverted the dance from a sacred use to purposes of amusement were called infamous4 ,the only records in ,scripture of dancing as a social amusement were those of the ungodly families described by ,job xxi1 #aa-ac1 who spent their time in luxury and gayety1 and who came to a sudden destruction2 and the dancing of ,herodias1 ,matt4 ,xiv1 #f1 which led to the rash vow of ,king ,herod and to the murder of ,john the ,baptist4 ,so much for the history of dancing4 ,the modern dance in which both sexes freely mingle1 irrespective of character1 purely for amusement1 at late hours1 at which intoxicants1 in some form1 are generally used1 is1 essentially1 an institution of vice4 ,the modern dance is as different from the dancing of ancient times1 and from the dancing sanctioned in the ,bible1 as daylight is from dark1 as good is from bad4 ,the modern dance imperils health1 it poisons the social nature2 it destroys intellectual growth2 and it robs men and women of their virtue4 ,let us understand one another4 ,to attend one dance may not accomplish all of this in any person4 ,one may attend many dances1 and he himself not see these results marked in his character1 but some one else will see them4 ,for in the nature of the institution the modern dance affects in all these particulars those whom it reaches4 ,the tendencies in a single dance are in these directions4 ,in a way peculiar to itself the modern dance imperils health4 ,though detestable and out of date1 as are the modern kissing games1 yet no one ever heard of one of those performances continuing until three and five o'clock in the morning4 ,young people do not stay up all night1 ride five1 ten1 and twenty miles to play authors1 or to snap caroms1 or to play charades1 as interesting in a social way as these innocent amusements may be4 ,the fact that one will go to this extreme in keeping late hours to attend the dance1 and will not keep such late hours for any other form of amusement1 proves that the dance1 as an institution1 is at fault in producing such irregularities4 ,and then who ever heard of one having to dress in a certain way to attend a purely social gathering4 ,but let a young lady attend a fashionable ball or a regular round dance of any note1 whatever1 and if she wears the civil gown she will be thought tame and snubbed4 ,she must dress for this occasion1 and thus1 from a health point of view1 so expose her body that after the excitement and heat of a prolonged round she takes her place in a slight draught of air1 and a severe cold is contracted4 ,and this exposure is further increased by the sudden change from a close1 hot room to the damp1 chilly air of the early morning1 on her journey home4 ,it is possible to guard against all of this1 but are those persons who attend such exercises likely to be cautious in such practical matters4 ,at least1 this risk of exposure for men and women is peculiar to the dance1 and it is certain that many are physically injured in this way4 ,the modern dance poisons the social nature4 ,the chief exercise at the modern dance is dancing4 ,those who have attended dances1 as a social recreation1 have complained that they never have an opportunity to get acquainted with one another4 ,such a luxury as a complete conversation on any theme is out of the question4 ,it is a form of amusement that stultifies the communicative faculties1 and fosters social seclusion4 ,some one might say this may be a good thing1 since every grade in moral and social standing are represented4 ,yes1 but this only acknowledges the lack of opportunity for social fellowship4 ,it is not true that the dance1 as an institution1 is not patronized by the most capable in conversation and companionship8 ,certainly this is true in the so-called higher society1 among those whose sole ambition is to excel in formal manners and in personal appearance at the gay function1 and at the social ball4 ,to be communicative one must have something to communicate1 and this means a cultivation of the mind and heart4 ,true social fellowship is one of the sweetest pleasures of life and always has its source in the culture of the soul4 ,whatever may be said for or against the modern dance1 it is true that because of the mixed characters of its attendants1 and for want of opportunity to communicate1 the social nature becomes neglected and abused1 and may be fatally poisoned4 ,the modern dance destroys intellectual growth4 ,the person who has the dance-craze cares no more for mental improvement and growth than a starving man cares for splendid recipes for fine cooking4 ,the thought of a problem to be solved1 of a book to be read1 of an organ exercise to be practiced1 of all things1 are most tame to the one who is filled with dreams of the last dance1 and with visions of the one that is to come4 ,to grow1 the mind must be free from excitement4 ,the fault with the dance in this respect is that it has in it a fascination that does not exist in the ordinary social amusement4 ,some persons complain that they can not get an evening to go off well without dancing4 ,but this is only an open confession to mental vacuity1 to intellectual poverty4 ,for one need know but little to flourish at the dance4 ,and always1 where little is required1 intellectually1 little is given4 ,it is the rule that those who are in the greatest need of mental cultivation and growth are those who make up the dancing crowd4 ,and the fact that the dance1 as an institution1 in no way stimulates intellectual thought1 destines those who dance to remain on the lower intellectual plane4 ,last1 and worst of all1 the dance robs men and women of their virtue1 and this often at the first unconsciously4 ,if it is not for health and physical vigor that one follows up dancing2 if it is not the peculiar social tie that binds dancers together2 if it is not the incentive to intellectual growth and equipment1 what is it8 ,a secret lies hid away somewhere in the institution of the modern dance1 that makes it the chiefest attraction of worldly-minded and often of base-hearted people4 ,what is that secret8 ,ah1 my friend1 it is the appeal to the most sacred instincts and passions of a man and of a woman6 ,this appeal is peculiar to the modern dance by the accident of physical contact that men and women assume in dancing1 and also by the circumstances that attend it1 namely1 mixed society1 late hours1 and the customary use of strong drink4 ,no honest1 normally passionate person1 who has made it a practice of attending dances1 will deny the truth of this charge4 ,one may never have thought of it in this way1 but when he stops to think he knows that it is true4 ,it is through ignorance of these circumstances1 and of their bad effects1 that many a well-meaning person1 presumably to have a good time1 or to acquire heel-grace1 goes into the dance1 secures a passion for dancing1 and through its seductive influences are led into sin and shame4 ,the following is an incident out of his own experience related by ,professor ,t4 ,a4 ,faulkner1 an ex-dancing master4 ,professor ,faulkner is the author of the little book entitled ,from the ,ball ,room to ,hell4 ,a book which every person who sees no harm in dancing should read4 ,here is a girl4 ,the one remaining child of wealthy parents1 their idol and joy4 ,a dancing-school having opened near their home1 the daughter1 for accomplishment1 was sent to it4 ,she came from her home1 modest1 and her innate spirit of purity rebelled against the liberties taken by the dancing-master1 and the men he introduced to her4 ,she became indignant at the indecent attitudes she was called upon to assume1 but noticing a score of young women1 many of them from the best homes in the town1 all yielding to the vulgar embrace1 she cast aside that spirit of modesty which had been the development of years of home-training1 and setting her face against nature's protective warnings1 gave herself1 as did the others1 to this prolonged embrace set to music4 ,having learned to dance1 its fascinations led her an enthusiastic captive4 ,modesty was crucified1 decency outraged1 virtue lost its power over her soul1 and she spent her days dreaming of the delights of the sensual whirl of the evening4 ,hardly conscious of the change she had now become as bold as any of the women1 and loved the embrace of the charmer4 ,the graduation of the class was1 of course1 the occasion of a waltzing reception4 ,to that reception she went1 attended by her father1 who looked with a proud heart on the fulsome greeting his dear one received4 ,after a little the father retired1 leaving his daughter to the care of the many handsome gallants who danced attendance upon her4 ,the reception did not close until the small hours of the morning4 ,each waltz became more voluptuous2 intoxicated by sensuality1 the dancers became more bold1 and lust was aroused in every breast4 ,how many sins that reception occasioned1 ,i do not know2 this1 at least1 is sure1 that this girl who entered that dancing-hall three months before1 as pure as an angel1 was that night4robbed of her honor and returned to her home deprived forever of that most precious jewel of womanhood--virtue4 ,her first impulse the next morning was self-destruction2 then she deluded herself with the thought of marriage with her dancing companion1 but he still further insulted her by declaring that he wanted a pure woman for his wife4 ,what was her end8 ,shunned by the very society which egged her on to ruin1 her self-respect was gone with her lost purity1 she went to her own kind1 and in shame is closing her days4 ,of two hundred brothel inmates to whom ,professor ,faulkner talked1 and who were frank enough to answer his question as to the direct cause of their shame1 seven said poverty and abuse2 ten1 willful choice2 twenty1 drink given them by their parents2 and one hundred and sixty-three1 dancing and the ball-room4 ,a former chief of police of ,new ,york ,city says that three-fourths of the abandoned girls of this city were ruined by dancing4 ,of the dance1 one says3 ,it lays its lecherous hand upon the fair character of innocence1 and converts it into a putrid corrupting thing4 ,it enters the domain of virtue1 and with silent1 steady blows takes the foundation from underneath the pedestal on which it sits enthroned4 ,it lists the gate and lets in a flood of vice and impurity that sweeps away modesty1 chastity1 and all sense of shame4 ,it keeps company with the low1 the degraded1 and the vile4 ,it feeds upon the passion it inflames1 and fattens on the holiest sentiments1 turned by its touch to filth and rottenness4 ,it loves the haunts of vice1 and is at home in the company of harlots and debauchees4 ,george ,t4 ,lemon says3 ,no ,church in ,christendom commends or even excuses the dance4 ,all unite to condemn it4 ,the late ,episcopal bishop of ,vermont1 writes3 ,dancing is chargeable with waste of time1 interruption of useful study1 the indulgence of personal vanity and display1 and the premature incitement of the passions4 ,at the age of maturity it adds to these no small danger to health by late hours1 flimsy dress1 heated rooms1 and exposed persons4 ,episcopal ,bishop ,meade1 of ,virginia1 declares3 ,social dancing is not among the neutral things which1 within certain limits1 we may do at pleasure1 and it is not among the things lawful1 but not expedient1 but it is in itself wrong1 improper1 and of bad effect4 ,episcopal ,bishop ,mc,ilvaine1 of ,ohio1 putting the dance and the theater together1 writes3 ,the only line that ,i would draw in regard to these is that of entire exclusion44,the question is not what we can imagine them to be1 but what they always have been1 will be1 and must be1 in such a world as this1 to render them pleasurable to those who patronize them4 ,strip them bare until they stand in the simple innocence to which their defenders' arguments would reduce them and the world would not have them4 ,a ,roman ,catholic priest testifies that the confessional revealed the fact that nineteen out of every twenty women who fall can trace the beginning of their state to the modern dance4 ,v4 ,,theater-,,going4 ,,with drunkenness1 gambling1 and dancing1 theater-going dates from the beginning of history1 and with these it is not only questionable in morals1 but it is positively bad4 ,every one who knows any thing about the institution of the theater1 as such1 knows that it always has been corrupting in its influence4 ,not only those who attend the theater pronounce it bad1 as a whole1 but it is frowned upon by play-writers1 and by actors and actresses themselves4 ,five hundred years before ,christ1 ,jew1 ,pagan1 and ,christian spoke against the theater4 ,it is stated on good authority that the dissipations of the theater were the chief cause of the decadence of ancient ,greece4 ,at one time1 ,augustus1 the emperor of ,rome1 was asked as a means of public safety1 to suppress the theater4 ,the early ,christians held the theater in such bad repute as to rank it with the heathen temple4 ,and to these two places they would not go1 even to preach the ,good ,news of ,jesus ,christ4 ,nor has the moral tone and character of the theater improved1 even in our day4 ,dr4 ,theodore ,cuyler1 for many years an experienced pastor in ,brooklyn1 ,says3 ,the ,american theater is a concrete institution1 to be judged as a totality4 ,it is responsible for what it tolerates and shelters4 ,we1 therefore1 hold it responsible for whatever of sensual impurity and whatever of irreligion1 as well as for whatever of occasional and sporadic benefit there may be bound up in its organic life4 ,instead of helping ,christ's kingdom1 it hinders2 instead of saving souls1 it corrupts and destroys4 ,dr4 ,buckley gives this testimony3 ,being aware of the fact that the drama1 like every thing else which caters to the taste1 has its fashions--rising and falling and undergoing various changes--now improving1 and then degenerating1 ,i have thought it desirable to institute a careful inquiry into the plays which have been performed in the principal theaters of ,new ,york during the past three years4 ,accordingly1 ,i procured the copies used by the performers in preparing for their parts1 and took pains to ascertain wherein1 in actual use1 the actors diverged from the printed copies4 ,they number over sixty1 and1 with the exception of a few unprinted plays1 include all that have been produced in the prominent theaters of ,new ,york during the three years now about closing44,it is a singular fact1 that1 with three or four exceptions1 those dramatic compositions1 among the sixty or more under discussion1 which are morally objectionable1 are of a comparatively low order of literary execution4 ,but if language and sentiments1 which would not be tolerated among respectable people1 and would excite indignation if addressed to the most uncultivated and coarse servant girl1 not openly vicious1 by an ordinary young man1 and profaneness which would brand him who uttered it as irreligious1 are improper amusements for the young and for ,christians of every age1 then at least fifty of these plays are to be condemned4 ,in the first place the theater leads one into bad company4 ,as a class1 the performers are licentious4 ,how can one be in their company1 be moved to laughter and to tears and not be contaminated by them8 ,one who has studied the theater tells us that the fruits of the ,spirit and the fruits of the stage exhibit as pointed a contrast as the human imagination can conceive4 ,the famous ,macready1 as he retired from the stage1 wrote3 ,none of my children1 with my consent under any pretense1 shall ever enter the theater1 nor shall they have any visiting connection with play actors or actresses4 ,dr4 ,johnson asks the question3 ,how can they mingle together as they do1 men and women1 and make public exhibitions of themselves as they do1 in such circumstances1 with such surroundings1 with such speech as much often be on their lips to play the plays that are written1 in such positions as they must sometimes take1 affecting such sentiment and passions--how can they do this without moral contamination8 ,and we would ask1 how can persons live enrapt with this sort of thing for hours and hours each week1 the year around1 and not become equally contaminated1 for to the onlooker all this comes as a reality1 while to those who are performing1 it is hired shamming8 ,therefore1 as the pupil becomes the teacher1 so the attendant at the theater becomes like the one who performs4 ,so that to go to the theater is to sit in the seat of the scornful or to stand in the way of sinners4 ,there you find the man1 says one1 who has lost all love for his home1 the careless1 the profane1 the spendthrift1 the drunkard1 and the lowest prostitute of the street4 ,they are found in all parts of the house2 they crowd the gallery1 and together should aloud the applause1 greeting that which caricatures religion1 sneers at virtue1 or hints at indecency4 ,not only the actors and the onlookers of the average theater are vile1 but all of the immediate associations of the playhouse must correspond with it4 ,if not in the same building with the theater1 in adjoining ones1 at least1 are found the wine-parlor and the brothel4 ,it is generally conceded that no theater can be prosperous if it is wholly separated from these adjuncts of evil4 ,the theater1 therefore1 kills spiritually and degrades the moral life of the one who attends it4 ,the theater deals with the spectacular4 ,this appeals to the eye1 to the ear1 and to all of the outer senses4 ,spirituality depends upon a cultivation of the spiritual senses that ,grace has opened up within the soul4 ,hence1 the spectacular is directly opposed to the spiritual4 ,the deep1 contemplative1 spiritual soul could find little or no food in the false1 clap-trap representations of the modern stage4 ,and to find an increased interest here is evidence that one lacks spiritual life1 at least deep-seated spiritual life4 ,this is why so many professing ,christians are so eager to go to the card-party1 to the dancing-party1 and to the theater4 ,the inner-sense life of the soul is dead1 and one must have something upon which to feed1 hence he feeds upon the husks of imprudent and un-,christian amusements4 ,and let one who has a measure of spiritual life1 instead of increasing it1 seek to satisfy his soul-longing by means of the spectacular1 of false representations in any form1 soon he will lose the spiritual life that he has4 ,and this loss will be marked by an increased demand for the spectacular4 ,the surest proof to-day that the spiritual life of the ,church is waning in certain sections1 is not so much that her membership-roll is not on the increase1 but that professing ,christian people are running wild after cards and dancing and the theater4 ,evangelist ,sayles declares3 ,the people of our so-called best society1 and ,christian people1 many that have been looked upon as active workers1 sit now and gaze upon scenes in our theaters1 without a blush1 that twenty-five years ago would not have been countenanced44,the moral and spiritual life of many a ,christian has been weakened by the eyes gazing upon the scenes of the theater4 ,says he1 ,the ,christian1 through attendance upon the playhouse1 creates a relish for worldly things1 and so spiritual things become distasteful4 ,then1 to go to one theater1 sanctions all4 ,to have heard and to have seen ,joe ,jefferson in ,rip ,van ,winkle1 ,richard ,mansfield in ,the ,merchant of ,venice1 or ,edwin ,booth or ,sir ,henry ,irving1 or ,maude ,adams1 or ,julia ,marlowe in their best plays1 is to have received a deeper insight into human nature1 and a stronger purpose to become sympathetic and true1 but who can afford to sanction all that is base and villainous is the institution of the modern theater for the sake of learning sympathy and truth and human nature from a few worthy actors1 when he may find all of this as truthfully1 if not as artistically1 set forth by the orator1 by the musician1 by the painter1 and by the author8 ,it is not cant1 it is not pharisaism1 it is not a weak claim of ,christianity1 but it is common honesty1 mighty truth1 a cardinal and beautiful teaching of ,jesus ,christ to deny one's self for the welfare of the weaker brother4 ,let one go to hear ,mansfield in ,shakespeare1 and his neighbor boy will take his friend and go to the vaudeville1 and his only excuse to his parents and to his half-taught mind and heart will be1 ,well1 ,mr4 ,so-and-,so goes to the theater1 he is a member of the ,church and superintendent of the ,sunday-school2 surely there is no harm for me to go4 ,to the immature mind what seems right for one person seems lawful for another4 ,this is because such a person has not learned to discriminate between what is bad and what is good4 ,therefore1 if the theater as an institution has more in it that is bad than ,it has in it that is good1 rather if the general tendency of the theater1 as an institution1 is bad1 the safe thing for one's self and for those who read one's life as an example1 is to discard it entirely4 ,in view of these facts1 no person can attend the theater at all without hurting his influence4 ,the ideal life is that one which gives offense of stumbling to no one4 ,a successful preacher who had an aversion toward speaking on the subject of questionable amusements1 when asked what he believed concerning a certain form of amusement1 replied3 ,see what ,i do1 and know what ,i believe4 ,it is a glorious life whose actions are an open epistle of righteousness and peace1 read and believed and honored by all men4 ,some time ago a gentleman teaching a large class of young men in a ,chicago ,sunday-school1 desired to attend a theater for the purpose of seeing a celebrated actor4 ,he was not a theater-goer1 and thought that no harm could come from it4 ,he had no sooner taken his seat1 however1 than he saw in the opposite gallery some of the members of his class4 ,they also saw him and began commenting on the fact that their teacher was at the theater4 ,they thought it inconsistent in him1 lost their interest in the class1 and he lost his influence over the young men4 ,that teacher tied his hands by this one act1 so that he could not speak out against the gross sins of the theater4 ,those who defend theater-going say that if ,christian people would patronize the theater that it would be made more respectable4 ,but over a thousand years of history proves that this principle fails here as it does elsewhere4 ,a ,christian woman marries an unchristian man with the hope that he will become a ,christian2 a steady1 sensible woman in all other matters marries a man who drinks1 with the thought of reforming him2 one associates with worldly and sensual companions1 expecting to make them better2 but1 alas1 what blasted hopes1 what wretched failures in all of these instances1 at least in the most of them6 ,you can not reform vice2 you may whitewash a sin1 but it will be sin1 still4 ,to purify a character or an institution one must not become a part of it by sympathy1 nor by association4 ,this is what the psalmist meant when he said1 ,blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsels of the ungodly1 nor standeth in the way of sinners1 nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful4 ,and so it is1 that every effort at reforming the theater1 thus far has failed4 ,the ,rev4 ,c4,w4 ,winchester says concerning the reforming of the theater3 ,the facts are1 7#a7 that the theater in this city and country never had the support and encouragement of moral and religious people it has now2 7#b7 that the theater here was never so bad4 ,clearly1 if ,christian patronage is going to reform the theater1 the reform ought to begin4 ,but the grade is downward4 ,the theater is growing worse and worse4 ,dr4 ,wilkinson makes this statement on the question of reforming the theater3 ,now the ,protestant ,christians of ,new ,york number1 by recent computation1 less than seventy-five thousand souls1 in a population of a million4 ,supposing a general agreement among them all that a regular attendance at the theater was at this juncture the most pressing and most promising method of evangelical effort1 they would not then constitute even one-tenth of the numerical patronage which the management would study to please4 ,dr4 ,herrick ,johnson says3 ,the ideal stage is out of the question4 ,it is out of the question just as pure1 chaste1 human nudity is out of the question44,the nature of theatrical performances1 the essential demands of the stage1 the character of the plays1 and the constitution of human nature1 make it impossible that the theater should exist1 save under a law of degeneracy4 ,its trend is downward2 its centuries of history tell just this one story4 ,the actual stage of to-day44is a moral abomination4 ,in ,chicago1 at least1 it is trampling on the ,sabbath with defiant scoff4 ,it is defiling our youth4 ,it is making crowds familiar with the play of criminal passions4 ,it is exhibiting women with such approaches to nakedness as can have no other design than to breed lust behind the onlooking eyes4 ,it is furnishing candidates for the brothel4 ,it is getting us used to scenes that rival the voluptuousness and licentious ages of the past4 ,as never before to-day1 has the theater asked for the support of ,church members4 ,and the ideal stage1 with virtuous performers1 and with pure dramas1 are held up as a sample of what ,christian people are invited to attend4 ,dr4 ,cuyler says3 ,every person of common sense knows that the actual average theater is no more an ideal playhouse than the average pope is like ,st4 ,peter1 or the average politician is like ,abraham ,lincoln4 ,a ,puritanic theater would become bankrupt in a twelvemonth4 ,the great mass of those who frequent the playhouse go there for strong1 passionate excitements44,i do not affirm1 says ,dr4 ,cuyler1 that every popular play is immoral1 and every attendant is on a scent for sensualities4 ,but the theater is a concrete institution1 it must be judged in the gross and to a tremendous extent it is only a gilded nastiness4 ,it unsexes womanhood by putting her publicly in male attire--too often in no attire at all4 ,so competent an authority as the famous actress1 ,olga ,nethersole1 recently declared that the only kind of play which may hope for success with ,english-speaking audiences at the present day is the play which is sufficiently indicated by calling it immoral4 ,there is no doubt about it that the theater1 as at present conducted1 is pulling the stones from the foundations of public morality1 and weakening1 and in many quarters endangering1 the whole structure of society4 ,the atmosphere of the modern theater is lustful and irreverent4 ,it is a good place for ,christians to keep away from4 ,it is a good opportunity for the strong man to deny himself for the sake of his younger or weaker brother4 ,,part ,,ii4 ,,worthy ,,substitutes4 ,get the spindle and thy distaff ready1 and ,god will send thee flax4 ,,vi4 ,,books ,,and ,,reading4 ,,many ,,books1 ,,much ,,reading4 ,,to-,,day every one reads4 ,go where you may1 you will find the paper1 the magazine1 the journal2 printed letters1 official reports1 exhaustive cyclopedias1 universal histories2 the ingenuous advertisement1 the voluminous calendar1 the decorated symphony2 printed ideals1 elaborate gaming rules1 flaming bulletins2 and latest of all1 we have begun to publish our communications on the waves of the air4 ,in this hurly-burly of many books and much reading1 it is no mean problem to know why one should read2 and what1 and how1 and when4 ,especially does this problem of general reading confront the student1 the lover of books1 and those of the professions4 ,essays are to be read1 the historical1 the philosophical1 and the scientific2 novels1 the historical and the religious2 books of devotion1 books of biography1 of travel1 of criticism1 and of art4 ,what principles are to guide one in his choice of reading1 that he may select only the wisest1 purest1 and helpfulest from all these classes of books8 ,,why ,,read4 ,read to acquire knowledge4 ,knowledge is the perception of truth4 ,one arrives at knowledge by the assimilation of facts and principles1 or by the assimilation of truth itself4 ,three sources of knowledge are experience1 conversation1 and reading4 ,experience leads one slowly to knowledge1 is limited entirely to the path over which one has passed1 and is a dear teacher4 ,to acquire knowledge by conversation is to put one at the mercy of his associates1 making him dependent upon their good favor1 truthfulness1 and learning4 ,but reading places one in direct communication with the wisest and best persons of all time4 ,to acquire knowledge by reading is to defy time and space1 persons and circumstances1 at least1 in our day of many and inexpensive books4 ,through books facts live1 principles operate1 justice acts1 the light of philosophy gleams1 wit flashes1 ,god speaks4 ,every book-lover agrees with ,channing3 ,no matter how poor ,i am44if the sacred writers will enter and take up their abode under my roof1 if ,milton will cross my threshold to sing to me of ,paradise1 and ,shakespeare to open to me the words of imagination and the workings of the human heart1 and ,franklin to enrich me with his practical wisdom1 ,i shall not pine for want of intellectual companionship1 and ,i may become a cultivated man1 though excluded from what is called the best society in the place where ,i live4 ,kingsley says3 ,except a living man1 there is nothing more wonderful ,than a book6--a message to us from the dead1--from human souls whom we never saw1 who lived1 perhaps1 thousands of miles away2 and yet these1 in those little sheets of paper1 speak to us1 amuse us1 terrify us1 teach us1 comfort us1 open their hearts to us as brothers44,if they are good and true1 whether they are about religion or politics1 farming1 trade1 or medicine1 they are the message of ,christ1 the ,maker of all things1 the ,teacher of all truth4 ,the wide range of truth secured through reading acts in two ways upon the reader4 ,it spiritualizes his character1 and it makes him mighty in action4 ,knowledge on almost any subject has a marked tendency to sharpen one's wits1 to refine his tastes1 to ennoble his spirit1 to improve his judgement1 to strengthen his will1 to subdue his baser passions1 and to fill his soul with the breath of life4 ,it is only upon truth that the soul feeds1 and by means of knowledge that the character grows4 ,it cannot be that people should grow in grace1 writes ,john ,wesley1 unless they give themselves to reading4 ,a reading people will always be a knowing people4 ,reading makes one mighty in action when it gives one knowledge1 since knowledge is power1 and since power has but one way of showing itself1 and that is1 in action4 ,knowledge takes no note of hardships1 ignores fatigue1 laughs at disappointment1 and frowns upon despair4 ,it delves into the earth1 rides upon the air1 defies the cold of the north1 the heat of the south2 it stands upon the brink of the spitting volcano1 circumnavigates the globe1 examines the heavens1 and tries to understand ,god4 ,with but few exceptions1 master-minds and men of affairs have been incessant readers4 ,cicero1 chief of ,roman orators1 whether at home or abroad1 in town or in the country1 by day or by night1 in youth or in old age1 in sorrow or in joy1 was not without his books4 ,petrarch1 when his friend the bishop1 thinking that he was overworked1 took away the key of his library1 was restless and miserable the first day1 had a bad headache the second1 and was so ill by the third day that the bishop1 in alarm1 returned the key and let his friend read as much as he liked4 ,writes ,frederick the ,great1 ,my latest passion will be for literature4 ,the poet1 ,milton1 while a child1 read and studied until midnight4 ,john ,ruskin read at four years of age1 was a book-worm at five1 and wrote numerous poems and dramas before he was ten4 ,lord ,macaulay read at three and began a compendium of universal history at seven4 ,although not a lover of books1 ,george ,washington early read ,matthew ,hale and became a master in thought4 ,benjamin ,franklin would sit up all night at his books4 ,thomas ,jefferson read fifteen hour a day4 ,patrick ,henry read for employment1 and kept store for pastime4 ,daniel ,webster was a devouring reader1 and retained all that he read4 ,at the age of fourteen he could repeat from memory all of ,watt's ,hymns and ,pope's ,essay on ,man4 ,when but a youth1 ,henry ,clay read books of history and science and practiced giving their contents before the trees1 birds1 and horses4 ,says a biographer of ,lincoln1 ,a book was almost always his inseparable companion4 ,then1 read for enjoyment4 ,fortunately1 a habit so valuable as reading may grow to become a pleasure4 ,so that as one is gathering useful information and increasing in knowledge1 he may have the keenest enjoyment4 ,such an one sings as he works4 ,he has learned to convert drudgery into joy2 duty has become delight4 ,but even for such an one a portion of his reading should be purely for rest and recreation4 ,if one has taught school all day1 or set type1 or managed a home1 or read history1 or labored in the field1 or been shopping1 heavy1 solid reading may be out of the question1 while under such circumstances one would really enjoy a striking allegory or a well-written novel4 ,or1 if one is limited in knowledge1 or deficient in literary taste so that he may find no interest in history1 science1 philosophy1 or religion1 still he may enjoy thrilling books of travel1 of biography1 or of entertaining story4 ,in this way all may enjoy reading4 ,of all the amusements which can possibly be imagined for a hard-working man1 after his daily toil1 or in its intervals1 there is nothing1 says ,herschel1 like reading an interesting book4 ,it calls for no bodily exercise1 of which he has had enough or too much4 ,it relieves his home of its dullness and sameness1 which1 in nine cases out of ten1 is what drives him out to the alehouse1 to his own ruin and his family's4 ,it accompanies him to his next day's work1 and1 if the book he has been reading be any thing above the very idlest and lightest1 gives him something to think of besides the mere mechanical drudgery of his every-day occupation1 something he can enjoy while absent1 and look forward with pleasure to return to4 ,,what ,,to ,,read4 ,first of all read something4 ,southey tells us that1 in his walk one stormy day1 he met an old woman1 to whom1 by way of greeting1 he made the rather obvious remark that it was dreadful weather4 ,she answered1 philosophically1 that in her opinion1 'any weather was better than none4' ,and so we would say1 excluding corrupt literature1 any reading is better than none6 ,in this day of multiplicity of books who who never reads may not be an ignoramus nor a fool1 but certainly he robs the world of much that is useful in character1 and deprives himself of much that enriches his own soul4 ,then one should select his books1 as he does his associates1 and not attempt to read everything that comes in his way4 ,no longer may one know even a little about every thing4 ,it might be a mark of credit rather than an embarrassment for one to answer1 ,no1 to the question1 ,have you read the latest book8 when the fact is recalled that #cj1jjj novels have been published within the past eighty years1 and that five new ones are added to the list daily4 ,,read ,,history4 ,one has characterized history as both the background and the key to all knowledge4 ,no other class of reading so much as this helps one to appreciate his own country1 his own age1 his own surroundings4 ,extensive reading of history is a sure remedy for pessimism1 prejudice1 and fanaticism4 ,in so far as history is an accurate account of the past1 it is a true prophecy of the future for the nation and for the individual4 ,who reads history knows that men always have displayed folly1 ,weakness1 and cruelty1 and that they always will1 even to their own obvious ruin4 ,also he knows that every time and place have had their few good men and women who have honored ,god1 and whom ,god has honored4 ,nothing so teaches a person his own insignificance and the small part that he plays in the world as does the reading of history4 ,nor is history to be found only in the book called history4 ,if you want to know the life of the ancients1 as you know the life of your own community1 read ,josephus4 ,do you want a glimpse of early apostolic times1 read ,the ,life and ,times of ,jesus1 by ,edersheim4 ,do you want to see the battlefield of ,waterloo1 visit ,paris in the beginning of the nineteenth century1 stop over night with ,louis ,philippe1 see the ,english through ,french spectacles1 and the ,frenchman through his own2 do you want a glimpse of the political despotism1 court intrigue1 and ecclesiastical tyranny in ,france a hundred years ago2 do you want to hear the crash of the bastile1 and see ,notre ,dame converted into a horse-stable2 do you want a picture of the bread riots and mob violence that terminated in the ,french revolution of #ahdh2 in short do you want a tale of ,french life and character in its brightest1 gloomiest1 and intensest period1 read ,les ,miserables1 by ,victor ,hugo4 ,to-day one must read current history4 ,it is not enough to plan1 work1 and economize1 one must make and seize opportunities4 ,and this he can do only as he is alive to passing events4 ,in a few years one may outgrow his usefulness through losing touch with advancing ideas and methods of work4 ,to keep abreast of the times one must read the newspaper and the magazine4 ,the newspaper is the history of the hour1 the magazine is the history of the day4 ,the magazine corrects the newspaper1 and sums up in clear and noble phrase those fundamental facts which are only dimly seen in the newspaper4 ,a serious and growing tendency is that the newspaper and magazine shall take the place of the best books4 ,a few minutes a day is enough for any newspaper1 and a few hours a month is enough for any magazine4 ,the greatest part of one's reading should be that of books4 ,who gormandizes on current events will pay the price with a morbid mind and with false conclusions in his reasoning4 ,,read ,,biography4 ,the life of a great man is a continual inspiration4 ,no other exercise so fires a soul with noble ambition as the study of a great life4 ,real life is not only stranger than fiction1 but it is more interesting than fiction4 ,no boy should be without the life of ,washington1 of ,lincoln1 of ,webster1 of ,franklin4 ,every girl should know by heart brave ,pocahontas1 sympathetic ,mrs4 ,stowe1 queenly ,frances ,willard1 and kind-hearted ,victoria4 ,no private library is complete without ,plutarch's ,lives1 the ,life of ,alfred the ,great1 of ,napoleon1 ,grant1 and ,gladstone4 ,,read ,,science4 ,the fourteen-year-old child may master the practical principles of natural philosophy1 and yet how many intelligent persons remain ignorant of the most commonplace truths in this branch of learning6 ,with a little attention to the natural and mechanical sciences1 a new world of beauty and truth opens up before one4 ,he sees objects that once were hid to him2 he hears sounds that once were silent2 he enjoys odors that once retained their fragrance4 ,his whole being becomes a part of the living musical world about him1 when he has his senses opened to appreciate it and to become attuned to it4 ,one should read some science throughout his life1 in order to remain at the source of all true knowledge4 ,here he learns to appreciate the language of nature4 ,when expressed by man1 this is poetry4 ,,therefore1 ,,read ,,poetry4 ,ten minutes a day with ,tennyson1 ,browning1 ,emerson1 or ,lowell1 will teach one a new language1 by which he may converse with the wind1 talk with the birds1 chat with the brook1 speak with the flowers1 and hold discourse with the sun1 moon1 and stars4 ,the deepest and mightiest thoughts of all ages have been expressed in poetry1 the language of nature4 ,poetry1 says ,coleridge1 is the blossom and fragrance of all human knowledge1 human thoughts1 passions1 emotions1 languages4 ,,read ,,books ,,of ,,religion4 ,religion1 says ,lyman ,abbott1 is the life of ,god in the soul4 ,every truly religious book treats of this life4 ,the only purely religious book is the ,bible4 ,it is the source and inspiration of every other religious book4 ,the ,bible is a letter from ,god to man1 handed down from heaven and written by inspired men4 ,its message is free salvation for all men through ,jesus ,christ2 its spirit is divine love4 ,no wise person is without this letter1 and every thoughtful and devout person reads it daily4 ,one may never find time to follow a course of study1 nor to pursue a plan of daily reading2 he may never know the wealth of ,dante1 the grandeur of ,milton1 nor the genius of ,shakespeare1 but every one may make the ,bible his daily companion and guide4 ,,how ,,to ,,read4 ,enter into what you read4 ,no book can thrill and move one unless he gives himself up to it4 ,lack of fixed attention is the cause of the half-informed mind1 the faulty reason1 and the ever-failing memory4 ,the cause of this lack of attention may be an historical allusion of which one is ignorant1 or a new word that he fails to look up1 or an overtaxed mind1 or unfavorable surroundings4 ,whatever may be this hindrance it must be removed or overcome before one can enter into what he reads4 ,a thought is of no value until it registers itself and takes a room in the mind4 ,this is why we are told on every hand1 that a few books well read are worth more than many books poorly read4 ,the secret of ,abraham ,lincoln's power as a public speaker lay in his clear reasoning1 simple statement1 and apt illustration4 ,this secret was secured by ,lincoln through his habit of mastering whatever he heard in conversation or reading4 ,when a mere child1 says ,lincoln1 ,i used to get irritated when anybody talked to me in a way ,i could not understand4 ,i don't think ,i ever got angry at anything else in my life4 ,but that always disturbed my temper1 and has ever since4 ,i can remember going to my little bedroom1 after hearing the neighbors talk of an evening with my father1 and spending no small part of the night walking up and down1 trying to make out what was the exact meaning of some of their1 to me1 dark sayings4 ,i could not sleep1 though ,i often tried to1 when ,i got on such a hunt after an idea1 until ,i had caught it1 and when ,i thought ,i had got it1 ,i was not satisfied until ,i had repeated it over and over2 until ,i had put it in language plain enough1 as ,i thought1 for any boy ,i knew to comprehend4 ,this was a kind of passion with me1 and it has stuck by me2 for ,i am never easy now when ,i am handling a thought until ,i have bounded it north1 and bounded it south1 and bounded it east1 and bounded it west4 ,and so to enter into what one reads1 means that he will master the thought4 ,the most that a university can do for one is to teach him to read4 ,who has learned how to read has secured a liberal education1 however or wherever he may have learned it4 ,then1 one should learn to scan an author4 ,this means to take a rapid observation of his thoughts4 ,much of one's common reading matter should be scanned4 ,all local news1 much magazine literature1 and many books should be used in this way4 ,it is mental sloth and waste of time to pore over a newspaper or a book of light fiction1 as one would a philosophy of history or a work of science4 ,as ,bacon aptly puts it1 ,some books are to be tasted1 others to be swallowed1 and some few to be chewed and digested2 that is1 some books are to be read only in parts2 others to be read1 but not curiously2 and some few to be read wholly1 and with diligence and attention4 ,some books also may be read by deputy1 and extracts made of them by others4 ,one's mind is like a horse1 it soon learns its master4 ,feed it well1 groom it well1 treat it gently1 you may expect much from it4 ,it is reported of ,dr4 ,newell ,dwight ,hillis that he has read a book a day for over twenty years4 ,he has learned to squeeze the thought out of a book at a grasp1 as one of us would squeeze the juice from an orange4 ,take a glimpse into his library4 ,five hundred volumes of sociological literature1 four hundred volumes of history1 two hundred of cyclopedias1 gazetteers1 books of reference2 four hundred volumes of pure science1 one hundred volumes of travels1 two hundred and fifty volumes of biography2 one hundred volumes of art and art history2 a section on psychology1 ethics1 philosophy1 and the relation between science and religion1 and a thousand volumes of literature1 pure and simple4 ,,when ,,to ,,read4 ,first1 read at regular hours4 ,this is for those who follow literary pursuits4 ,no professional person should respect himself in his work who has no special time for reading and study1 and who does not conscientiously adhere to it4 ,the pulpit1 the law-office1 the doctor's office1 the teacher1 and the editor's desk1 each clamors for the man1 the woman1 who can think4 ,to appreciate ,god and to sympathize with the human heart2 to know law and the intricate special case2 to understand disease and relief for the suffering patient2 to have something to teach and to know how to teach it even to the dullest pupil2 to know human character and to be able to enlighten the public mind and the public conscience2 all this requires in the one who serves a deep and growing knowledge and experience which may be realized only in the grasp of truth contained in the up-to-date and best authorized books4 ,the use of books with this class of persons is not optional4 ,they must buy and master them1 or a few years at longest will relegate them with their old books and ideas to the dusty garret where they belong4 ,then1 many must read on economized time4 ,the farmer1 the mechanic1 the merchant1 the shopkeeper1 each may find a little time for daily reading4 ,ten minutes saved in the morning1 ten minutes in the afternoon1 and ten minutes in the evening1 this is half hour a day4 ,in a week this gives one three hours and a half1 in a month fourteen hours of solid reading1 and in a year one will have read seven days of twenty-four hours each4 ,think of what may be accomplished in an average lifetime in common reading by the busiest person1 who really wants to read4 ,schliemann1 the noted ,german scholar and author1 as a boy1 standing in line at the post-office waiting his turn for the mail1 utilized the time by studying ,greek from a little pocket grammar4 ,mary ,somerfield1 the astronomer1 while busy with her children in the nursery1 wrote her ',mechanism of the ,heavens1' without neglecting her duties as a mother4 ,julius ,caesar1 while a military officer and politician found time to write his ,commentaries known throughout the world4 ,william ,cobbett says3 ,i learned grammar when ,i was a private soldier on a six-pence a day4 ,the edge of my guard-bed was my seat to study in1 my knapsack was my bookcase1 and a board lying on my lap was my desk4 ,i had no moment at that time that ,i could call my own2 and ,i had to read and write among the talking1 singing1 whistling1 and bawling of at least half a score of the most thoughtless of men4 ,among those whom we all know who have risen out of obscurity to eminence through a wise economy of time which they have used in reading and study1 are1 ,patrick ,henry1 ,benjamin ,west1 ,eli ,whitney1 ,james ,watt1 ,richard ,baxter1 ,roger ,sherman1 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 and ,benjamin ,franklin4 ,,vii4 ,,social ,,recreation4 ,,defined4 ,the normal young person who does not dissipate is bursting with life4 ,the natural child is activity embodied4 ,the healthful old person craves exercise4 ,life1 activity1 exercise1 each must have some method of spending itself4 ,some normal method1 some right method1 some attractive method must be chosen4 ,by normal method we mean that which calls into use the varied faculties and powers of the entire being1 body1 mind1 and heart4 ,by right method we mean that which does not crush out a part of one's being1 while another part is being developed4 ,by attractive method in the use of life1 activity1 exercise1 we mean that which appeals to one's peculiar desires1 tastes1 and circumstances1 so long as these are normal and right4 ,some chosen profession1 trade1 or work is the rightful heritage of every person4 ,each man1 woman1 and child should know when he gets up of a morning1 what his work is for that day4 ,consciously1 or unconsciously1 he should have some outline of work1 some end in view1 some goal toward which he is stretching himself4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,buckley asks3 ,have you a purpose and a plan8 ,and answers1 ,life is worth nothing till then4 ,the child is in the hands of his parent1 his teacher1 his guardian4 ,these must answer to ,destiny for his beginning and growth4 ,satan finds something for idle hands to do4 ,hence the necessity of vigilance on the part of those who hold the young4 ,but all work and no play1 makes ,jack a dull boy4 ,this rule is good whether ,jack be a puny girl1 a feeble grandfather1 a hustling1 responsible father1 a busy mother1 or even a mischievous lad4 ,every person who rises each morning1 dresses himself and goes about his work as if he knew what he were about2 who has some useful work to do1 and does it1 sooner or later1 needs rest4 ,true1 night comes and one may rest4 ,and sweet is the rest of sleep2 a third of one's life is passed in this way4 ,sancho ,panza has it right when he says3 ,now blessing light on him that first invented sleep6 ,it covers a man all over1 thoughts and all1 like a cloak2 it is meat for the hungry1 drink for the thirsty1 heat for the cold1 and cold for the hot4 ,but one craves a recreation1 a rest which work nor sleep can give4 ,man has a social nature1 a longing to mingle with his acquaintances and friends4 ,let one be shut in with work1 or sickness1 or weather1 for whole days at a time1 and see how hungry he gets to see some one4 ,a recreation at a social gathering literally makes a new being out of him4 ,he is recreated4 ,it is this form of recreation that we consider here1 social recreation4 ,a ,,necessity4 ,social recreation is a necessity in a well-ordered life4 ,as with many other common blessings we forget its benefits4 ,nor are these benefits so evident until we see the blighting result in the life of the one who1 for any reason whatsoever1 has become a social recluse4 ,we have known a few persons who have once been in society1 but who have allowed themselves to remain away from all sorts of gatherings1 for a number of years4 ,in every case1 the result has been openly noticeable4 ,they have become boorish in manners1 unsympathetic in nature1 and suspicious in spirit4 ,thus they have grown out of harmony with the ideas and ways of those about them1 have come to take distorted and erroneous views of affairs and of men4 ,man is a composite being4 ,many factors enter into his make-up4 ,he lives not only in the physical and intellectual1 in the religious and social1 in a local and limited sense1 but his life expands until it touches and molds many other characters and communities besides his own4 ,in all of these spheres of his influence and work on needs to be sobered down1 corrected1 stimulated4 ,in no other way is this better accomplished than through one's very contact with his fellows in the religious gathering1 among his workmen1 in the political meeting1 at the assembly1 in the social gathering whenever and wherever persons may see one another and talk over common interests4 ,a ,,specific ,,sense4 ,in a specific sense1 by social recreation1 we mean those pastimes and pleasures which all persons1 except the social recluse1 enjoy as they meet to spend an afternoon or an evening together4 ,now1 how may we get the largest amount of pleasure1 of rest1 of recreation from such gatherings8 ,how may we best benefit ourselves1 inspire one another1 and in it all1 honor ,god8 ,it is no small task to accomplish these three ends in all things1 in one's life4 ,we have agreed that some social practices are positively bad4 ,and we have tried to show why the tobacco club1 the social glass1 the card-party1 the dancing-party1 and the play-house reveries should be avoided4 ,we have left these forms of so-called questionable amusements out of our practice and let our of our lives4 ,to what may we turn8 ,where may we go8 ,we turn to the social gathering4 ,,but ,,it ,,must ,,be ,,planned4 ,no social gathering can successfully run itself4 ,see what forethought and expenditure are given to make successful the smoking-club1 the wine-social1 the card and dancing parties1 and the theater4 ,not one of these institutions thrive without thought and cost in their management4 ,put the same thought and expense into the gathering for social recreation1 and you will find all of the merits of the questionable institution and none of its demerits4 ,no company has larger capabilities than the mixed company at the social gathering4 ,nor may any purpose be more perfectly served than the purpose of true social recreation4 ,here we find those skilled in music1 versed in literature1 adept at conversation2 we find the practical joker1 the proficient at games1 and last1 but not least1 those born to serve tables4 ,this variety of genius1 of wit1 of skill1 of willingness to serve1 is laid at the altar of pleasure for the worthy purpose of making new again the weary body1 the languishing spirit1 the lonely heart4 ,let the right management and stimulus be given to this resourceful company1 and the hours will pass as moments1 the surest sign of a good time4 ,,some ,,essentials4 ,,dining1 ,,social ,,hour1 ,,games4 ,no social recreation is complete without dining4 ,and yet the least important part of this meal should be the taking of food4 ,it is a serious fault with the modern social that too much attention is given to the variety and quantity of food1 and not enough to merriment in taking it4 ,to be successful1 the social company should gather as early as possible2 the first hour-and-a-half should be given to greetings and to social levity of the brightest and wittiest sort4 ,if one has an ache or a pain1 a care or a loss1 let it be forgotten now4 ,it is weakness and folly continually to be under any burden4 ,here every one should take a genuine release from seriousness and earnestness in weighty and responsible affairs4 ,let all1 except the serving committee for this evening1 take part in this strictly social hour-and-a-half4 ,when the late-comers have arrived and have been introduced1 and the people have moved about and met one another1 almost before the company are aware of it they are invited by the serving committee to dine4 ,usually all may not be served at once4 ,now that the company has been thinned out1 the older persons having gone to the tables1 short1 spirited games should be introduced in which every person not at luncheon1 should be given a place and a part4 ,at this juncture it is not best to introduce sitting-games1 such as checkers1 authors1 caroms1 or flinch1 for the contestants might be called to take refreshments at a critical moment in the contest4 ,with a little attention to it1 appropriate games may be introduced here that need not interfere with luncheon4 ,fully half an hour should be spent at each set of tables1 where at the close of the meal1 some humorous subject or subjects should be introduced and responded to be those best fitted for such a task4 ,almost any person can say something bright as well as sensible1 if he will give a little attention to it beforehand4 ,while the second and third tables are being served1 let those retiring contest at games of skill1 converse1 or take up other appropriate entertainment directed by the everywhere present entertainment committee4 ,by this time half-past ten or eleven o'clock1 some who are old1 or who have pressing duties on the next day may want to retire4 ,if the serving committee have been skillful in adjusting the time spent at each table to the number of tables1 etc41 by eleven o'clock the serving shall have been completed4 ,now1 the young in spirit1 whether old or young1 expect1 and should have an hour at the newest1 liveliest1 and most recreative games4 ,no part of the evening entertainment should be allowed to drag4 ,to insure this a frequent change of social games is needed4 ,,avoid ,,late ,,hours4 ,as late hours tend to produce irregularity in sleep1 in meals1 and in work2 and since the object of the social is recreation1 the company should retire about midnight4 ,oftentimes people stay and stay at such a gathering1 until the hostess1 the entertaining committee1 and the people themselves are worn out4 ,and yet1 who is at fault8 ,this is a critical point in the modern popular social4 ,how shall the company disband in due season8 ,in his ,autocrat of the ,breakfast ,table1 ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes gives a suggestion on this point for the private visitor1 who does not know how to go4 ,says ,holmes3 ,do n't you know how hard it is for some people to get out of a room when their visit is really over8 ,they want to be off1 and you want to have them off1 but they do n't know how to manage it4 ,one would think they had been built in your parlor or study and were waiting to be launched4 ,i have contrived a sort of ceremonial inclined plane for such visitors1 which being lubricated with certain smooth phrases1 ,i back them down1 metaphorically speaking1 stern-foremost1 into their 'native element1' the great ocean of outdoors4 ,there are social companies as hard to get rid of as this4 ,they want to go1 and every one wants them to go1 but just how to make the start1 no one seems to know4 ,dr4 ,holmes and his inclined plane may have been successful with the private caller1 but who will be the contriver of a ceremonial1 one sufficient to land the social company into its native element1 the great ocean of outdoors8 ,no1 this most delicate of the problems involved in a successful modern social must be left to a tactful hint from the entertainment committee1 and to the wise choice of a few recognized leaders in the company4 ,,new ,,committees4 ,special committees should have charge of the serving and of the entertainment4 ,as far as possible these should vary with each successive social4 ,it is an erroneous notion1 prevalent in nearly every community1 that only certain ones can do this or that2 the consequence is that these certain ones do all the work1 are deprived of the true rest and relief which the social is meant to give1 while others who should take their turn1 grow unappreciative1 and weak in their serving and entertaining ability4 ,,the ,,average ,,social ,a ,,failure4 ,as it is conducted to-day1 the average social is a failure4 ,late at arriving1 want of introductions1 lack of arranged entertainment1 late hours1--all go to weaken and to dull the average young person in place of to cultivate his wits1 his special genius at music1 reading1 and conversation1 and to recreate him in body1 mind1 and spirit4 ,to make a success of the social gathering some one must keep in mind the personal convenience and happiness of every person present4 ,when this is done and the social gathering becomes notable for the real pleasure that it gives1 then we shall be able to drive out the questionable amusements1 because we have taken nothing from the person1 and have given him new life and interest4 ,,viii4 ,,friendship4 ,,bonds ,,of ,,attachment4 ,each person is connected with every other person by some bond of attachment4 ,it may be by the steel bond of brotherhood1 by the silvern chain of religious fellowship1 by the golden band of conjugal affection1 by the flaxen cord of parental or filial love1 or by the silken tie of friendship4 ,one or more of these bonds of attachment may encircle each person1 and each bond has its varying strength1 and is capable of endless lengthening and contracting4 ,brotherhood is a general term1 and as it is used here1 comprises the fellow-feeling that one human being has for another1 this is universal brotherhood4 ,brotherhood comprises the fellow-feeling that attracts persons of the same race1 nation1 or community1 this is racial1 national1 or community brotherhood2 also1 it comprises the fellow-feeling that exists between persons of the same avocation1 calling1 or work1 this is the brotherhood of profession2 it comprises the fellow-feeling that joins persons of the same order or party1 this is the brotherhood of order2 it comprises the fellow-feeling that joins brothers and sisters of the same home1 this is the brotherhood of family4 ,religious fellowship includes that spiritual intercourse which is held between persons of the same religious faith and practice4 ,conjugal affection comprises that feeling of mind and heart which unites husband and wife4 ,filial and parental love exists between parent and child4 ,while friendship comprises that soul union which exists between persons because of similar desires1 tastes1 and sentiments4 ,each of these bonds of attachment has its characteristic mark1 its essential feature4 ,the essential feature of universal brotherhood is common origin1 present struggle1 and future hope2 the essential feature of racial1 national1 or community brotherhood is patriotism2 the essential feature of brotherhood of the order is mutual helpfulness2 the essential feature in brotherhood of the profession is common pursuit2 in brotherhood of the family1 common parentage2 in conjugal affection1 attraction for opposite sex2 in parental and filial love1 love of offspring and love of parent2 while in friendship the essential feature is harmony of natures4 ,,what ,,is ,,friendship8 ,no human relationship can be more beautiful1 nor more abiding than true friendship4 ,it is a spiritual thing1 a communion of souls1 virtuously exercised4 ,how one is impressed and pleased to see another horse just like his own1 to see another dog exactly resembling his own1 to meet a person who speaks1 looks1 and acts like some one he has known4 ,it is a surprise1 mingled with mystery and delight4 ,but with what increased surprise and delight does one meet with a person after his own heart4 ,all men have recognized the strength and beauty of right self-love4 ,the second great law of ,christ's kingdom is declared in terms of true self-love4 ,love thy neighbor as thyself4 ,every one loves himself1 because one's self is the truest and best of other lives filtered through his own soul4 ,when one finds in another that which perfectly answers to his own soul-likings and longings1 he has found another self1 he has found a friend4 ,friendship is the communion of such souls1 although they may be absent from one another4 ,the highest friendship may grow more perfectly when friends are separated1 then it is unmixed with the alloy of imperfect thought and action4 ,then it is nourished by the past1 for only the past buries all faults2 it is encouraged by the future1 for only the future veils the awkwardness and shortcomings of the present4 ,the character of friendship is determined by the character of friends4 ,negative personalities wanting in taste1 conviction1 and virtue produce only a negative friendship4 ,intense personalities produce intense friendships2 noble personalities1 noble friendships1 and spiritual personalities1 spiritual friendship4 ,in the true1 spiritual sense1 before one can become a friend1 he must become an individual4 ,he must stand for something in thought and purpose4 ,if this is not true1 friendship becomes a flimsy affair4 ,for souls to commune with one another there must be harmony2 unity1 agreement of desires1 sentiments1 and tastes4 ,not the harmony of indifference1 nor a forced agreement1 but a beautiful and natural response of soul to soul4 ,such equipment for friendship finds its basis only in individual character4 ,character is conduct become habitual4 ,if one spurns reason1 and follows his impulse and passion1 he becomes unreliable1 and does not know the issues of his own heart and life4 ,who knows what such an one will do next8 ,to make it soar well or sail well1 friendship must have ballast4 ,this ballast is worthy1 individual character4 ,it would be more exact to say there can be no true friendship without individual character4 ,although many elements constitute the character of the true friend1 yet two elements are essential--sincerity and tenderness4 ,sincerity is the soul of every virtue1 while true words1 simple manners1 and right actions make up the body4 ,if the soul of virtue is present one does not always demand the presence of the body1 but if the body of virtue is absent1 one had better take a search after the soul4 ,if sincerity is unquestioned1 words1 manners1 actions have great liberty2 but if words1 manners and actions are lacking in straight-forwardness1 it is time to question sincerity4 ,this is true in all human affairs involving motive and conduct4 ,especially is it true in friendship4 ,sincerity knows its own4 ,by a glance it penetrates the very heart of its true friend1 and leaves translucent and transparent its own4 ,sincerity gives steadfastness and constancy to friendship4 ,insincerity mars and breaks friendship4 ,who has not seen a soul spring into life through the love of a radiant friendship2 and then following a series of hollow pretenses1 insincerities1 that friendship fails1 and the beautiful creature stifles and dies4 ,as one tells us1 such a death is frightful1 it is the asphyxia of the soul6 ,then1 tenderness is an essential element in the character of a friend4 ,says ,emerson3 ,notwithstanding all the selfishness that chills like east winds the world1 the whole human family is bathed with an element of love1 like a fine ether4 ,with ,emerson1 we believe that every person carries about with him a certain circle of sympathy within which he1 and at least one friend1 may temper and sweeten life4 ,much of the kindness of the world is simply breathed1 and yet what an aroma of good cheer it sheds in grateful lives4 ,tenderness possesses a sensitiveness of sympathy to an extreme degree4 ,it shrinks from the sight of suffering4 ,it treats others with gentleness1 delicacy1 thought-fulness1 and care4 ,it enters into feelings1 anticipates wants1 supplies the smallest pleasure1 and studies every comfort4 ,says one3 ,it belongs to natures1 refined as well as loving1 and possesses that consideration of which finer dispositions only are capable4 ,tenderness is a heart quality4 ,it is the luxury of a pure and intense friendship4 ,it tempers one's entire nature1 making his whole being sympathetic with grace and favor4 ,it is manifest in the relaxing feature1 in the penetrating glance1 in the mellowing voice1 in the engracing manners1 and in the complete obliteration of time and distance1 while with one's friend4 ,we recall the friendly visits spend with our friend1 ,lawrence ,w4 ,rowell1 during his medical course in ,rush ,college1 ,chicago1 while we were in attendance at the ,northwestern ,university1 in ,evanston1 ,illinois4 ,rowell was intellectual1 spirited1 gifted in conversation1 highly sympathetic1 informed1 critical1 yet charitable1 a close student of human nature1 a love of philosophy1 of musical temperament1 of noble heart1 of exalted purpose4 ,our visits were kept up bimonthly throughout one year4 ,we would spent ,saturday evening and ,sunday together4 ,those visits revealed to me the magnetism1 intensity1 and tenderness of a friend4 ,truly1 with us time and distance were almost completely obliterated from our consciousness4 ,i say distance1 for we would walk together4 ,tenderness suits the amiable and gentle in disposition1 but it comes with a peculiar charm from the austere nature4 ,it is one of the stalwart virtues1 and is often concealed behind a crusty exterior4 ,severity and tenderness adorn the greatest lives4 ,,the ,,test ,,of ,,friendship4 ,what is the uncertain mark of a friend8 ,have ,i a friend8 ,how many friends have ,i8 ,i can invoice my stock1 my goods1 my land1 my money1 can ,i invoice my friends8 ,one may not always know the actual worth of a friend1 but he knows who are his friends1 quite as well as he knows who are his nephews and cousins4 ,a friend is one whom you need and who needs you4 ,has one a bit of good news1 he flies to his friend1 he wants to share it4 ,has one a sorrow1 he seeks his friend who will gladly share that4 ,does one meet with a defeat or victory1 instantly he thinks of his friend and of how it will effect him4 ,friends need one another1 as truly as the child needs its mother1 or the mother her child4 ,is one tempted to commit a wrong in thought or action1 his friend1 though absent1 appears at his side and begs him not to do it4 ,if one is in doubt or uncertainty1 he summons his friend1 who become a patient reasoner1 and an impartial judge4 ,who does not find himself1 daily1 looking through other people's glasses1 weighing on other people's scales1 sounding other people's voices8 ,it is a habit that friends have with one another4 ,you can not deprive friends of one another1 any more than you can lovers4 ,ah1 true friends are lovers of the heaven-born sort2 for their agreement is grounded in nature4 ,they are not chosen1 they are discovered4 ,or1 as ,emerson says1 they are self-elected4 ,friendship's an abstract of love's noble flame1 ',tis love refined1 and purged from all its dross1 ',tis next to angel's love1 if not the same1 ,as strong as passion in1 though not so gross4 ,thus writes ,catherine ,phillips4 ,,fruits ,,of ,,friendship4 ,true friendship gives ease to the heart1 light to the mind1 and aid to the carrying out of one's life-purposes4 ,first1 ease to the heart4 ,the presence of a friend is a beam of genial sunshine which lights up the house by his very appearance4 ,he warms the atmosphere and dispels the gloom4 ,the presence of a true friend for a day1 a night1 a week1 lifts one out of himself1 links him with new purposes1 and immerses him in new joys4 ,friends breathe free with one another4 ,they inspire sighs of relief4 ,embarrassment disappears2 liberty reigns supreme4 ,hearts are like steam boilers1 occasionally1 they must give vent to what is in them1 or they will burst4 ,this is the true mission of friends1 to become to one another reserve reservoirs of griefs1 joys1 fears1 hopes1 suspicions1 counsels1 and whatever lieth upon the heart to oppress it1 or elate it4 ,you recall those familiar lines of ,bacon3 ,this communicating of a man's self to his friends works two contrary effects2 for it redoubles joys and cutteth griefs in halves2 for there is no man that imparteth his joys to his friend1 but he joyeth the more2 and no man that imparteth his griefs to his friends1 but he grieveth the less4 ,the following selected lines1 slightly changed1 set forth this first fruit of friendship4 ,a true friend is an atmosphere ,warm with all inspirations dear1 ,wherein we breathe the large free breath ,of life that hath no taint of death4 ,a true friend's an unconscious part ,of every true beat of our heart2 ,a strength1 a growth1 whence we derive ,soul-rest1 that keeps the world alive4 ,then1 friendship sheds light in the mind4 ,he who has made the acquisition of a judicious and sympathetic friend1 says ,robert ,hall1 may be said to have doubled his mental resources4 ,no man is wise enough to be his own counselor1 for he inclineth too much to leniency toward himself4 ,it is a well-known rule that flattery is food for the fool4 ,therefore no man should be his own counselor since no one is so apt to flatter another as he is himself4 ,a wise man never flatters himself1 neither does a friend flatter4 ,as a wise man sees his own faults and seeks to correct them1 so a true friend sees the faults of his friend and labors faithfully to banish them4 ,the one who flatters you despises you1 and degrades both you and himself4 ,an enemy will tell you the whole truth about yourself1 especially your faults1 and at times that both weaken and hurt you4 ,a friend will tell you the whole truth about yourself1 especially your neglected virtues1 but at a time to both strengthen and help you4 ,the highest service a friend can render is that of giving counsel4 ,the highest honor one can bestow upon his friend is to make him his counselor4 ,it is no mark of weakness to rely upon counsel4 ,god1 ,himself1 needed a counselor1 so he chose ,his ,son4 ,his name shall be called ,wonderful1 ,counselor1 the ,mighty ,god1 the ,everlasting ,father1 the ,prince of ,peace4 ,isa4 ix1 #f4 ,counsel1 says ,solomon1 is the key to stability4 ,every purpose is established by ,counsel4 ,prov4 ,xx1 #ah4 ,who despiseth counsel shall reap the reward of folly4 ,a friend is safe in counsel1 according to his wisdom1 for he never seeks his own good1 but the good of his friend4 ,it is a saying1 ,if some one asks you for advice1 if you would be followed1 first find out what kind of advice is wanted1 then give that4 ,but this is not the way of a friend4 ,he has in mind the welfare of the friend and the cause his friend serves4 ,honor does not require that one shall follow the advise of his friend1 rather liberty in this is a mark of freedom and trust between friends4 ,a friend aids one in the carrying out of his life purposes4 ,who is it that helps one to places of honor and usefulness8 ,it is his friend4 ,who is it that recognizes one's true worth1 extols his virtues1 and gives tone and quality to the diligent services of months and years8 ,it is his friend4 ,who is it1 when one ends his life in the midst of an unfinished book1 or with loose ends of continued research in philosophy or science all about him2 who is it that gathers up these loose ends and puts in order the unfinished work8 ,it is his friend4 ,who is it that stands by the open tomb of that fallen saint or hero and relates to the world his deeds of sacrifice and courage which spurn others on to nobler living and thereby perpetuates his goodness and valor8 ,who does this1 if it is done8 ,it is his friend4 ,a friend thus becomes not only a completion of one's soul as he is by virtue of being a friend1 but also he becomes a completion of one's life4 ,then1 one's relation to his fellowmen is a limited relationship4 ,he may speak1 but upon certain subjects1 on certain occasions1 and to certain persons4 ,as ,francis ,bacon says1 ,a man can not speak to his son but as a father2 to his wife but as a husband2 to his enemy but upon terms2 whereas a friend may speak as the case requires1 and not as it sorteth with the person4444,i have given the rule1 says he1 where a man can not fitly play his own part1 if he have not a friend1 he may quit the stage4 ,,how ,,to ,,get ,,and ,,keep ,a ,,friend4 ,a real friend is discovered1 or made4 ,first1 discovered4 ,two persons notice an attraction for one another4 ,they see that their desires are similar1 they have the same sentiments1 they agree in tastes4 ,a feeling of attachment becomes conscious with each of them1 slight association fosters this feeling1 it increases4 ,new associations but reveal a broader agreement1 a closer union1 a perfecter harmony4 ,the signs of friendship appear4 ,heart and mind of each respond to the other1 they are friends4 ,this is the noblest friendship4 ,it has its origin in nature4 ,it is1 as ,h4 ,clay ,trumbull says3 ,love without compact or condition2 it never pivots on an equivalent return of service or of affection4 ,its whole sweep is away from self and toward the loved one4 ,its desire is for the friend's welfare2 its joy is in the friend's prosperity2 its sorrows and trials are in the friend's misfortunes and griefs2 its pride is in the friend's attainments and successes2 its constant purpose is in doing and enduring for the friend4 ,then1 friends are made4 ,two persons do not especially attract one another4 ,but1 through growth of character1 modification of nature1 or change in desires1 sentiments1 and tastes1 they become attracted to each other4 ,or in spite of natural disagreements or differences1 through the force of circumstances they become welded together in friendship4 ,montaigne describes such an attachment1 in which the souls mix and work themselves into one piece with so perfect a mixture that there is no more sign of a seam by which they were first conjoined4 ,says ,euripedes3 ,a friend ,wedded into our life is more to us ,than twice five thousand kinsman one in blood4 ,such was the friendship of ,ruth and ,naomi4 ,orpha loved ,naomi1 kissed her1 and returned satisfied to her early home2 but ,ruth cleaved unto her1 saying3 ,entreat me not to leave thee1 ,and to return from following after thee3 ,for whither thou goest1 ,i will go2 ,where thou lodgest1 ,i will lodge3 ,thy people shall be my people1 ,and thy ,god my ,god3 ,where thou diest1 will ,i die1 ,and there will ,i be buried3 ,the ,lord do so to me1 and more also1 ,if aught but death part thee and me4 ,the keeping of a friend like the keeping of a fortune1 lies in the getting1 although in friendship much depends upon circumstances of association4 ,however subtle may be the circumstances which bring friends together1 or whatever natural agreement may exist between their natures1 still there is always a conscious choosing of friends4 ,in this choosing lies the secret of abiding friendship4 ,young says3 ,first on thy friend deliberate with thyself2 ,pause1 ponder1 sift3 not eager in the choice1 ,nor jealous of the chosen2 fixing fix2 ,judge before friendship1 then confide till death4 ,steadfastness and constancy such as this seldom loses a friend4 ,last of all1 abiding friendship is grounded in virtue4 ,says a famed writer on ,friendship3 ,there is a pernicious error in those who think that a free indulgence in all lusts and sins is extended in friendship4 ,friendship was given us by nature as the handmaid of virtues and not as the companion of our vices4 ,it is virtue1 virtue ,i say444 that both wins friendship and preserves it4 ,and closing his remarks on this immortal subject1 ,cicero causes ,laelius to say3 ,i exhort you to lay the foundations of virtue1 without which friendship can not exist1 in such a manner1 that with this one exception1 you may consider that nothing in the world is more excellent than friendship4 ,,ix4 ,,travel4 ,a ,,personal ,,experience4 ,we have set in order some facts1 incidents1 and lessons gathered from a hasty trip to the old country during the summer of #ahii4 ,the journey was made in company with ,rev4 ,c4,f4 ,juvinall1 for four years my room-mate and fellow-student1 and my estimable friend4 ,on ,wednesday1 ,june #bast1 we sailed from ,boston ,harbor2 reached ,liverpool1 ,england1 ,saturday morning the #ast of ,july2 visited this second town in the ,british kingdom2 stopped over at the old town of ,chester2 took a run out to ,hawarden ,estate1 the home of ,gladstone2 changed cars at ,stratford-on-,avon and visited the tomb of ,shakespeare2 staid a half day and a night in the old university town of ,oxford1 and reached ,london on the evening of ,july #dth4 ,having spent a week in ,london1 we crossed the ,english ,channel to ,paris2 remained there two days1 then made brief visits to the battlefield of ,waterloo1 to ,brussels1 ,amsterdam1 ,hull1 ,sheffield1 ,dublin1 and back to ,liverpool4 ,we sailed to ,boston and returned to ,chicago by way of ,montreal and ,detroit1 having spent forty-nine days--the intensest and delightfullest of our lives4 ,at first1 we hesitated to treat this subject from a point of view of personal experience1 but since it is our purpose to incite in others the love for and the right us of all helpful resources of happiness and power1 it seemed to us that we could no better accomplish our purpose with respect to this subject than to recount our own observations from this one limited1 imperfect journey4 ,,an ,,eye-,,open ,,and ,,ear-,,open ,,experience4 ,one is always at a disadvantage in relating the faults of others1 for he seems to himself and to his friends to be telling his own experience4 ,we were about to speak of the superficial way in which ,americans travel4 ,one who has traveled much says that the average company of ,american tourists goes through the ,art ,galleries of ,europe like a drove of cattle through the lanes of a stock-market4 ,nor is it the art gallery and museum alone that is done superficially4 ,how many persons before entering grand old ,notre ,dame1 or the ,british ,houses of ,parliament1 pause to admire the elaborate and expansive beauty of the great archways and outer walls8 ,it is possible to live in this world1 to travel around it1 to touch at every great port and city1 and yet fail to see what is of value or of interest4 ,a man on our boat going to ,liverpool1 said that he had traveled over the world1 had been in ,london many a time1 but had not taken the pains to go into ,st4 ,paul's1 nor to visit the ,tower of ,london4 ,a wise man1 a seer1 is one who sees4 ,it is possible to live in this world1 and not to leave one's own dooryard1 and yet to possess the knowledge of the world1 and to tell others how to see4 ,louis ,agassiz1 the scientist1 was invited by a friend to spend the summer with him abroad4 ,mr4 ,agassiz declined the gracious offer on the ground that he had just ,planned a summer's tour through his own back yard4 ,what did ,agassiz find on that tour8 ,instruction for the children of many generations1 a treatise on animal life1 and later a text-book of ,zoology4 ,kant1 the philosopher1 the greatest mind since ,socrates1 was never forty miles from his birthplace4 ,on the other hand1 ,grant ,allen1 author1 scholar1 and traveler1 says3 ,one year in the great university we call ,europe1 will teach one more than three at ,yale or ,columbia4 ,and what it teaches one will be real1 vivid1 practical1 abiding444 ingrained in the very fiber of one's brain and thought4444 ,he will read deeper meaning thenceforward in every picture1 every building1 every book1 every newspaper4444 ,if you want to know the origin of the art of building1 the art of painting1 the art of sculpture1 as you find them to-day in contemporary ,america1 you must look them up in the churches1 and the galleries of early ,europe4 ,if you want to know the origin of ,american institutions1 ,american law1 ,american thought1 and ,american language1 you must go to ,england2 you must go farther still to ,france1 ,italy1 ,hellas1 and the ,orient4 ,our whole life is bound up with ,greece and ,rome1 with ,egypt and ,assyria4 ,but whatever advantage travel may afford for broad and intense study1 whatever be its superior processes of refinement and learning1 yet it is well to remember this1 that at any place and at any time one may open his eyes and his ears1 his heart and his reason1 and find more than he is able to understand and a heart to feel6 ,you can not limit ,god to the land nor to the sea1 to one country nor to one hemisphere4 ,thus the kind of travel of which we speak is the eye-open and ear-open sort4 ,let us note first1 then1 that travel is a study of history at the spot where the event took place4 ,the history of a nation is a record of its great men4 ,you tell a faithful story of ,columbus1 ,john ,cabot1 and ,henry ,hudson2 of ,winthrop1 ,john ,smith1 and ,melendez2 of ,general ,wolfe1 ,general ,washington1 ,patrick ,henry1 and ,franklin2 of ,jefferson1 ,adams1 ,jackson1 and ,webster2 of ,abraham ,lincoln1 ,wendell ,phillips1 ,john ,brown1 and ,general ,grant2 of ,john ,sherman1 ,grover ,cleveland1 and ,william ,mc,kinley1 and you an up-to-date history of the young ,american ,republic1 acknowledged by every country to have the greatest future of all nations4 ,so1 if one reads with understanding the inscriptions on the monuments of ,gough1 ,o',connell1 and ,parnell1 he will get the story of the struggles of the ,irish4 ,enter ,london ,tower1 the most historical spot in ,england1 and recount the bloody tragedies of the ,english people since the time of ,william the ,conqueror1 #ajff ,a4,d4 ,here we have a series of equestrian figures in full equipment1 as well as many figures on foot1 affording a faithful picture1 in approximate chronological order1 of ,english war-array from the time of ,edward ,i1 #abgb1 down to that of ,james ,,ii1 #afhh4 ,in glass cases1 and in forms of trophies on the walls1 we find arms and armor of the old ,romans1 of the early ,greeks1 and ,britons1 and of the ,anglo-,saxons4 ,maces and axes1 long and cross bows and leaden missile weapons and shields1 highly adorned with metal figures1 all tend to make more vivid the word-pictures of the historian4 ,of the small burial-ground in this ,tower1 ,macaulay writes3 ,in truth there is no sadder spot on earth than this little cemetery4 ,death is there associated1 not1 as in ,westminster ,abbey and ,st4 ,paul's1 with genius and virtue1 with public veneration1 and with imperishable renown2 not1 as in our humblest churches and church-yards1 with every thing that is most endearing in social and domestic charities2 but with whatever is darkest in human nature and in human destiny1 with the savage triumph of implacable enemies1 with the inconstancy1 the ingratitude1 the cowardice of friends1 with all the miseries of fallen greatness and of blighted fame4 ,we note a few names chiseled here3 ,sir ,thomas ,more1 beheaded #aece2 ,anne ,boleyn1 beheaded in this tower1 #aecf2 ,thomas ,cromwell1 beheaded1 #aedj2 ,margaret ,pole1 beheaded here1 #aeda2 ,queen ,catharine ,howard1 beheaded1 #aedb2 ,lady ,jane ,grey and her husband1 beheaded here1 #aedd2 ,sir ,thomas ,overbudy1 poisoned in this tower1 #afac4 ,since travel is a study of history at the spot where the event took place1 let us cross the rough and famed ,english ,channel to visit one of the many noted spots of ,france4 ,we select the site of the ,hotel de ,ville or the town-hall of ,paris4 ,the construction of the old hall was begun in #aecc1 and was over seventy years in its completion4 ,additions were made1 and the building was reconstructed in #ahda4 ,this has been the usual rallying site of the ,democratic party for centuries4 ,here occurred the tragedy of ,st4 ,bartholomew in #aegb2 here mob-posts1 gallows1 and guillotines did the work of a despotic misrule until #aghi4 7,as we left for ,brussels on the evening of the #acth of ,july1 all ,paris was gayly decorated with red1 white1 and blue bunting1 ready to celebrate the event of ,july #ad1 #aghi1 the fall of the ,bastile47 ,on this date1 #aaj years ago1 the captors of the ,bastile marched into this noted hall4 ,three days later ,louis ,,xvi came here in procession from ,versailles1 followed by a dense mob4 ,here ,robespierre attempted suicide to avoid arrest1 when five battalions under ,barras forced entrance to assault the ,commune party1 of which ,robespierre was head4 ,here1 in #ahdh1 ,louis ,blanc proclaimed the institution of the ,republic of ,france4 ,this was a central spot during the revolution of #ahga4 ,the leaders of the ,commune party place in this building barrels of gunpowder1 and heaps of combustibles steeped in petroleum1 and on ,may #beth they succeeded in destroying with it #fjj human lives4 ,a new ,hotel de ,ville1 one of the most magnificent buildings in ,europe1 has replaced the old hall4 ,this is open to visitors at all hours4 ,to study history at the spot where the event took place means work as well as pleasure1 so we took our luncheon and sleep in our car while the train carried us to ,brussels1 and out to ,braine-l',alleud1 where1 on the beautiful rolling plain of ,belgium1 ,june #ah1 #ahje1 ,napoleon ,bonaparte met his ,waterloo1 and ,wellington became ,england's idol4 ,a railway baggageman was on our train returning to his home in ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,in conversation1 he said3 ,i have been with this company for twenty-two years2 have drawn two dollars a day1 #cfe days in the year for that time1 and ,i haven't a dollar in the world1 but one1 and ,i gave it yesterday for a dog4 ,but1 said he1 ,i have a good woman and the greatest little girl in the world1 so ,i am happy4 ,this is one of a large class of persons who receive fair wages all their lives1 and yet die paupers1 because they plan to spend all they make as they go along4 ,in conversation with a gruff1 old ,dutch conductor between ,albany and ,new ,york ,city1 ,i ventured to ask him if he had ever crossed the ocean4 ,no1 he said1 nopody eber crosses de ocean1 bud emigrants1 and beoble vat hab more muney dan prains4 ,travel is a study of religious institutions4 ,among the most interesting in ,europe1 that we visited1 are ,wesley's ,chapel1 ,westminster ,abbey1 ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral1 and ,notre ,dame4 ,the ,church of ,notre ,dame1 situated in the heart of ,paris on the bank of the ,seine1 was founded #aafc on the site of a church of the fourth century4 ,the building has been altered a number of times4 ,in #agic it was converted into a temple of reason4 ,the statue of the ,virgin ,mary was replaced by one of ,liberty4 ,busts of ,robespierre1 ,voltaire1 and ,rosseau were erected4 ,this church was closed to worship #agid1 but was reopened by ,napoleon #ahjb4 ,it was desecrated by the ,communards #ahaa1 when the building was used as a military depot4 ,the large nave1 #dag feet long1 #aef feet wide1 and #aaj feet high1 is the most interesting portion of this massive structure4 ,the vaulting of this great nave is supported by seventy-five huge pillars4 ,the pulpit is a masterpiece of modern wood-carving4 ,the choir and sanctuary are set off by costly railings1 and are beautifully adorned by reliefs in wood and stone4 ,the organ1 with #f1jjj pipes1 is one of the finest in ,europe4 ,the choir has a reputation for plain song4 ,on a small elevation1 in the center of ,london1 stand the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,paul's1 the most prominent building in the city4 ,from remains found here it is believed that a ,christian ,church occupied this spot in the times of the ,romans1 and that it was rebuilt by ,king ,ethelbert1 #faj ,a4,d4 ,three hundred years later this building was burned1 but soon it was rebuilt4 ,again it was destroyed by fire1 #ajhg1 and a new edifice begun which was #bjj years in completion4 ,this church1 old ,st4 ,paul's1 was #eij feet long1 and had a leaden-covered1 timber spire1 #dfj feet high4 ,in #adde this spire was injured by lightning1 and in #aefa the building was again burned4 ,says ,mr4 ,baedeker1 whose guidebook is indispensable in the hands of a traveler1 ,near the cathedral stood the celebrated ,cross of ,st4 ,paul1 where sermons were preached1 papal bulls promulgated1 heretics made to recant1 and witches to confess1 and where the pope's condemnation of ,luther was proclaimed in the presence of ,woolsey4 ,here is the burial place of a long list of noted persons4 ,here occurred ,wyckiff's citation for heresy1 #accg2 and here ,tyndale's ,new ,testament was burned1 #aebg4 ,it was opened for divine services1 #afig1 and was completed after thirteen years of steady work1 at a cost of three and a half millions of dollars4 ,this sum was raised by a tax on coal4 ,the church is in the form of a ,latin cross1 #ejj feet long1 with the transept #bej feet in length4 ,the inner dome is #bbe feet high1 the outer1 from the pavement to the top of the cross1 is #cfd feet4 ,the dome is #ajb feet in diameter1 thirty-seven feet less than ,st4 ,peter's4 ,st4 ,paul's is the third largest church in ,christendom1 being surpassed only by ,st4 ,peter's at ,rome4 ,three services are held here daily4 ,the religion of ,notre ,dame is ,roman ,catholic1 but that of ,st4 ,paul's and ,westminster is of the ,church of ,england4 ,what shall we say of ,westminster ,abbey1 the most impressive place of all our travel6 ,as my friend and ,i entered here and took our seats for divine worship1 preparatory to visiting her halls1 and chapels1 and tombs1 ,i think ,i was never more deeply impressed4 ,i said to myself1 ,what does ,god mean to allow me to worship here8 and ,i seemed to realize how little my past life had been4 ,i felt that circumstances and not ,i myself had thrust this new privilege1 and thereby new responsibility1 upon me4 ,westminster ,abbey6 ,a church for the living1 a burial-place for the honored dead2 a monument to genius1 labor1 and virtue2 ,england's temple of fame2 the most solemn spot in ,europe1 if not in the world6 ,here lie authors1 benefactors1 and poets2 statesmen1 heroes1 and rulers1 the best of ,english blood since ,edward the ,confessor1 #ajdi ,a4,d4 ,we must now leave this sacred spot to visit1 if possible for us1 a more sacred one1 the birthplace of ,methodism1 or more accurately speaking1 in the words of ,bishop ,warren1 the cradle of ,methodism4 ,on ,city ,road1 ,london1 near ,liverpool ,street ,station1 is located the house1 chapel1 burial-grounds1 and tomb of ,john ,wesley4 ,across the street1 in an old ,nonconformist cemetery1 are the graves of ,james ,watt1 ,daniel ,defoe1 and ,john ,bunyan4 ,across the narrow street to the north is the tabernacle of ,whitefield4 ,we learned that ,friday1 ,july #gth1 was reopening day for ,wesley's ,chapel4 ,what a distinguished body of persons we found at this meeting6 ,dr4 ,joseph ,parker was the speaker of the day4 ,the ,rev4 ,hugh ,price ,hughes1 president of the ,conference1 presided at the memorial services4 ,rev4 ,westerdale1 present pastor1 successfully managed the program of the day1 especially the collections1 for he met the expense of the rebuilding and past indebtedness with the sum of over fifteen thousand dollars4 ,he told those discouraged ministers with big audiences to go and take courage from what the mother-church1 with her small number of poor parishioners1 had done4 ,in the evening1 ,bishop ,warren1 on his return to ,america1 called in and gave an interesting talk4 ,he was followed by ,fletcher ,moulton1 member of ,parliament4 ,you may not realize the feeling of gratitude with which we took part in this eventful service of praise1 prayer1 and rededication6 ,on the next day we returned to see the books1 furniture1 and apartments of ,wesley1 himself4 ,we sat at his writing desk1 stood in his death-chamber1 and lingered in the little room where he used to retire at four in the morning for secret prayer4 ,from here he would go directly to his preaching service at five4 ,wesley put ,god first in his life1 this is why men honor him so much now that he is gone4 ,we took a farewell view of the audience-room from the very pulpit into which ,wesley ascended to preach his ,good ,news of ,christ4 ,from the several inscriptions on ,wesley's tomb1 we copied the following one3 ,after having languished a few days1 he at length finished his course and life together4 ,gloriously triumphing over death1 ,march the #bnd1 ,anno ,domine1 #agia1 in the eighty-eight year of his age4 ,in ,liverpool1 on the day of our arrival1 ,july #ast1 an old1 gray-haired man was shining my shoes4 ,he observed that ,i was from across the water1 and that an ,englishman can readily tell a ,yankee4 ,he began to praise ,america4 ,he said that ,uncle ,sam was only a child yet1 that ,america was destined to be the greatest country in the world2 that her trouble with ,spain was only a bickering2 that the present engagement was only his maiden warfare1 and that he walked along like a streak of lightning4 ,saturday evening1 ,july #hth1 witnessed the greatest military parade in ,london for thirty years4 ,the ,prince of ,wales reviewed twenty-seven thousand ,london volunteers4 ,early in the morning citizens from all over ,england began to gather in front of the ,english barracks1 and at the east end of ,hyde ,park4 ,by two o'clock in the afternoon hundreds of thousands had packed the streets and dotted the parks and lawns1 until1 in every direction one could witness a sea of faces4 ,after the royal and military procession began1 the patient ,johnnies1 with their sisters1 sweethearts1 wives1 mothers1 grandmothers1 and great-grand-mothers1 stood for five hours to see it go by4 ,the ,englishman does not tire when he is honoring his country4 ,at the close of this parade we dropped into a barbershop for a shave4 ,the gentleman seemed to understand that ,i was a long ways from home4 ,you fellows1 ,i said1 can tell us as far as you can see us4 ,yes1 said he1 by your shoes1 your hat1 your coat1 your tongue1 and even by your face4 ,we can tell you by the way you spit4 ,a spittoon here1 pointing about ten feet away1 give a ,yankee two trials1 he will hit it every time4 ,travel is a study of the genius of man as shown in architecture1 in sculpture1 and in painting4 ,ninety-seven plans were submitted for the ,houses of ,parliament1 including ,westminster ,hall4 ,that of ,sir ,charles ,barry was selected1 and the present imposing structure was built1 covering eight acres1 at a cost of #ae1jjj1jjj4 ,the style is perpendicular 7,gothic71 with carvings1 intricate in detail and highly picturesque4 ,the building faces the river with a #idj feet front1 but her three magnificent square-shaped towers rise over her street front4 ,the clock tower at the northwest corner is #cah feet high1 the middle tower is #cjj feet1 and the southwest1 or ,victorian tower1 is #cdj feet high4 ,the large clock with its four dials1 each twenty-three feet in diameter1 requires five hours for winding the striking parts4 ,the striking bell of the clock tower is one of the largest known2 it weighs thirteen tons1 and can be heard1 in favorable weather1 over the greater portion of ,london4 ,one never tires in looking at this noble building4 ,it is appropriately adorned inside and out with elaborate carvings1 statuary1 and paintings4 ,here are located the ,chamber of ,peers1 the ,house of ,commons1 and numerous royal apartments1 lavishly fitted up to be in keeping with the office and dignity of the building4 ,crystal ,palace1 situated about eight miles southeast of ,st4 ,paul's1 consists entirely of glass and iron4 ,its main hall1 or nave1 is #a1fjh feet long1 with great cross sections1 two aisles1 and numerous lateral sections4 ,the two water towers at the ends are each #bhb feet high4 ,if you were at the ,world's ,fair in ,chicago1 and visited the ,transportation ,building1 you may imagine something of the magnitude and beauty of ,crystal ,palace1 with her orchestra1 concert hall1 and opera-house2 with her fountains1 library1 and school of art2 with her museums1 gardens1 and arenas2 with her parks1 panoramas1 and her numerous exhibits of nature and art4 ,near the center of the palace is the great ,handel ,orchestra1 which can accommodate #d1jjj persons1 and has a diameter twice as great as the dome of ,st4 ,paul's4 ,in the middle is the powerful organ with #d1chd pipes1 built at a cost of #cj1jjj1 and worked by hydraulic machinery4 ,an excellent orchestra plays here daily4 ,the concert-hall on the south side of the stage can accommodate an audience of #d1jjj4 ,an excellent orchestra plays here daily4 ,on each side of the great nave are rows of courts1 containing in chronological order1 copies of the architecture and sculpture of the most highly civilized nations1 from the earliest period to the present day4 ,the gardens of ,crystal ,palace cover two hundred acres1 and are beautifully laid out with flowerbeds1 shrubberies1 fountains1 cascades1 and statuary4 ,two of the fountain basins have been converted into sport arenas1 each about eight and one-half acres in extent4 ,nine other fountains1 with electric light illuminations1 play on fireworks nights and on other special occasions4 ,it is common for #ae1jjj visitors to attend these ,thursday night firework exhibits4 ,colored electric light jets deck the fountains1 flower-beds1 and halls4 ,crystal ,palace was designed by ,sir ,joseph ,paxton1 and cost seven and a half million of dollars4 ,well may it be called ,london's ,paradise4 ,shall we say that the greatest piece of constructive architecture of any country is that of ,eiffel ,tower6 ,situated on the left bank of the ,seine ,river1 it overlooks ,paris and the country for fifty miles around4 ,in its construction1 iron caissons were sunk to a depth of forty-six feet on the river side1 and twenty-nine and one-half on the other side4 ,when the water was forced out of these caissons by means of compressed air1 concrete was poured in to form a bed for four massive foundation piers of masonry1 eighty-five feet thick1 arranged in a square of #aab yards4 ,upon this base which covers about two and a half acres rises the extraordinary1 yet graceful structure of interlaced ironwork to a height of #ihd feet4 ,eight hundred persons may be accommodated on the top platform at once4 ,it was completed within two years' time1 and is the highest monument in the world4 ,washington monument ranks second1 being #eee feet high4 ,from the summit of ,eiffel ,tower one may secure a good view of ,paris1 her public buildings1 chief hills1 parks1 and boulevards1 monuments1 and embankments4 ,an imitation of ,trajan's column in ,rome1 is #adb feet in height1 and thirteen feet in diameter4 ,it is constructed of masonry1 encrusted with plates of bronze1 forming a spiral band nearly #cjj yards in length1 on which are represented the battle scenes of ,napoleon during his campaign of #ahje1 and down to the battle of ,austerlitz4 ,the figures are three feet in height and many of them are portraits4 ,the metal was obtained by melting down #a1bjj ,russian and ,austrian cannons4 ,at the top is a statue of ,napoleon in his ,imperial robes4 ,this column reflects the political history of ,france4 ,the design sculptor is ,bergeret4 ,for their antiquity the mummies and statues in the ,egyptian galleries of the ,british ,museum are very interesting4 ,they embrace the period from #cfjj years before ,christ to #cej ,a4,d4 ,the tomb of ,napoleon by ,visconte1 and the twelve colossal victories surrounding the sarcophagus by ,pradier1 are among the finest works of ,parisian sculpture4 ,the sarcophagus1 thirteen feet long1 six and one-half feet high1 consists of a single huge block of reddish-brown granite1 weighing upwards of sixty-seven tons1 brought as a gift from ,finland at a cost of #gjj1jjj4 ,the ,louvre1 ,paris1 contains one of the finest art galleries in ,europe1 and with the ,tuilleries1 covers about eight acres1 forming one of the most magnificent places in the world4 ,in our limited experience at travel we have yet to find a single object of beauty or utility that is not the product of skill1 of genius1 of great labor4 ,every monument bears testimony of struggle1 of bloodshed1 of hard-earned victory2 beneath every tomb that honor has erected rests the body of incarnate intelligence1 fidelity1 and courage4 ,in the shadow of every great cathedral lies collected the moth and rust from the coppers of myriad-handed toilers of five and ten centuries4 ,the towers and domes of ,london1 and ,paris1 and ,amsterdam1 and ,dublin are monuments to the genius of the architect and to the faithfulness of the common toiler4 ,the parks and gardens tell of centuries of wise and faithful application of the laws of growth1 of symmetry1 of design in form and color4 ,the historic chapels of worship and learning breathe the very incense of devotion and reverence for truth2 while the conservatories of sculpture and painting preserve what is divinest in human experience4 ,age alone can produce a great man or a great nation4 ,decades for the man and centuries for the nation2 these are the measuring periods for real achievement4 ,but all this is on the human side4 ,correggio and ,titian in painting2 ,bacon and ,bailey in sculpture2 ,raphael and ,michael ,angelo in sculpture and painting2 and ,sir ,christopher ,wren in architecture1--the works of art of such as these elevate and purify one's thought and feeling4 ,but the profoundest impressions that come to one from travel1 come alone from the works of nature4 ,the ,crystal ,palace in ,london can not compare in glory with the crystal ripples of a mid-ocean scene4 ,the botannical gardens of the ,tuilleries in ,paris do not stir the soul as does the splendor of the ,welsh mountains4 ,the rockery plants of ,phoenix ,park1 ,dublin1 are insignificant compared with growths of ferns and moss ,on the rock ledges of ,bray's ,head1 south of ,dublin4 ,no panorama that man has painted can equal the scene of ,waterloo battle-field1 observed from the earthen mound near the fatal ravine4 ,so1 we shall always find it true1 that as the heavens are higher than the earth1 so the thoughts of ,god are higher than the thoughts of man1 and his ways than man's ways4 ,x4 ,,home ,,and ,,the ,,home-,,maker4 ,,what ,,is ,,home8 ,,recently a ,london magazine sent out #a1jjj inquiries on the question1 ',what is home8' ,in selecting the classes to respond to the question it was particular to see that every one was represented4 ,the poorest and the richest were given an equal opportunity to express their sentiment4 ,out of eight hundred replies received1 seven gems were selected as follows3 ,home--,a world of strife shut out1 a world of love shut in4 ,home--,the place where the small are great and the great are small4 ,home--,the father's kingdom1 the mother's world1 and the child's paradise4 ,home--,the place where we grumble the most and are treated the best4 ,home--,the center of our affection1 round which our heart's best wishes twine4 ,home--,the place where our stomachs get three square meals daily and our hearts a thousand4 ,home--,the only place on earth where the faults and failings of humanity are hidden under the sweet mantle of charity4 ,dr4 ,talmage defines home1 as a church within a church1 a republic within a republic1 a world within a world4 ,dr4 ,banks writes1 ,it is not granite walls1 or gaudy furniture1 or splendid books1 or soft carpets1 or delicious viands that can make a home4 ,all of these may be present1 and yet it be only a dungeon1 if the great simplicities are not there4 ,sings one3 ,home's not merely roof and room1 ,needs it something to endear it4 ,home is where the heart can bloom1 ,where there's some kind heart to cheer it4 ,home's not merely four square walls1 ,though with pictures hung and gilded1 ,home is where affection calls1 ,filled with charms the heart hath builded4 ,home6 ,go watch the faithful dove ,sailing 'neath the heavens above us1 ,home is where there's one to love1 ,home is where there's one to love us4 ,we believe the five sweetest words in the ,english language to the largest number of persons--words which carry with them intrinsic meaning and blessing are these3 ,jesus1 ,mother1 ,music1 ,heaven1 ,home4 ,twenty thousand people gathered in the old ,castle ,garden1 ,new ,york1 to hear ,jennie ,lind sing4 ,after singing some of the old masters1 she began to pour forth ',home1 ,sweet ,home4' ,the audience could not stand it4 ,an uproar of applause stopped the music4 ,tears gushed from thousands like rain4 ,the word 'home' touched the fiber of every soul in that immense throng4 ,in an early spring day1 when the warm sun began to invite one to bask in his rays1 my wife1 delicate in health1 lay drowsing on some boards near the house4 ,the large garden spot spread out to the rear of her2 a beautiful grassy lawn carpeted round a deserted house1 granary1 and shop-building in front of her4 ,she was living over her girlhood days4 ,she thought she was in the old home orchard1 where she used to doze1 dream1 and play4 ,the songs of the birds seemed the same2 the same gentle breezes played with her hair2 the same passers-by jogged along the roadside2 the same family horse nibbled the tender grass in the barnyard4 ,how sad1 and yet how sweet are the memories of early days6 ,the tender associations of home never leave one1 however roughly the coarse hand of time would tear them away4 ,it is because home means love that its associations and lessons remain4 ,,essentials ,,to ,a ,,happy ,,home4 ,although home means love1 yet love alone may not insure happiness4 ,in addition to love1 without which a true home can not exist1 we select four essential requisites to make home life useful and happy4 ,these are intelligence1 unselfishness1 attractiveness1 and religion4 ,first1 ,intelligence4 ,much of the misery of the world in individual and family life is due to gross ignorance4 ,once the father of a family said to me1 ,we did not get our mail to-day1 ,i miss my reading4 ,knowing the man we were surprised at such a remark1 and ventured to ask him what papers he took4 ,a list of ten or a dozen papers was named4 ,all of them were newspapers4 ,one was a general daily1 two were local dailies1 and the rest were local weekly papers4 ,no intelligent person would have carried over three of those papers from the post-office4 ,this man spent hours upon a class of reading that should be finished with a few minutes each day4 ,in this same family the mother told me that she had never rode on a railway train1 and that she had never been outside of her own county4 ,this is an exceptional case1 but it illustrates how that ignorance makes thrift and happiness impossible in a home1 neither of which belong to this family4 ,here every law of health is violated1 foresight in providing for the physical comforts of the home is wanting2 little attention is given to the education of the children2 no sacrifices to-day enrich to-morrow2 life is a humdrum1 a routine1 a dread1 with no exuberance1 joy1 or hope4 ,in time1 such a life leads to failure and gloom1 to secret1 then to open vice1 and to a final shipwreck of the home and of the individual4 ,in a similar yet in a less marked way1 the career of many a home is ended4 ,no one may be directly to blame1 but want of common knowledge and common wit have set a limit beyond which such a family may not go4 ,the intelligent family has some sort of a history which it is their privilege and duty to perpetuate4 ,members of the intelligent family are moral sponsors for one another1 the mother for the daughters1 the father for the sons1 the brothers and sisters for one another4 ,they find their own best interests in the interests of one another4 ,the intelligent family is not superstitious4 ,they act upon the wisdom of the ancient poet1 every one is the architect of his own fortune4 ,they look to cause and condition for results4 ,they spell luck with a p before it4 ,the intelligent farmer plants his crop in the ground1 rather than in the moon1 and looks for his harvest to the seed and the toil4 ,the intelligent merchant locates his business on the street of largest travel and makes the buying of his goods his best salesman4 ,the intelligent man of letters thrives at first by making friends of poverty and want1 until one day his genius places his name in the temple of honor4 ,so it is with the artist1 the musician1 the inventor1 the architect4 ,to be happy and useful in one's lot1 one must know something of the sphere in which he lives and works1 of its practical wisdom1 and must be prepared to live1 or glad to die for the cause he serves4 ,no indolent1 superstitious1 or ignorant family need look for abiding happiness nor expect to be permanently useful4 ,then unselfishness is essential to happy home life4 ,it is a serious matter for two persons1 even when they are naturally mated1 to undertake to live together in peace and harmony4 ,it is a more serious matter when they are not naturally mated4 ,it is more serious still when children enter the home1 for they bring with them conflicting tendencies1 dispositions1 and wills4 ,often have we wondered how it is that families get on as well together as they do when we have considered1 what natural differences exist between them1 and what little teaching and discipline have been used to harmonize these differences4 ,an harmonious home is truly begun in the parental homes of the husband and wife4 ,two persons may be perfectly suited to one another1 and yet they may be selfish in wanting their own way4 ,as one grows up1 if he is allowed to have his own way regardless of the rights and privileges of others1 he becomes a selfish person1 and his parents are to blame4 ,a selfish person in the home plans for his own comfort1 decides and acts as he wishes1 and seeks to satisfy his own desires4 ,he does not take into consideration the plans1 wishes1 and desires of other members of the family4 ,it is understood that his authority is supreme4 ,not one member of the family dreams of expressing dissent to his dominion4 ,a so-called peace of this sort is not uncommon among families4 ,this supreme authority may be vested in husband1 or wife1 or in one or all of the children4 ,a forced peace of this kind is worse than rebellion and is as bad as open war4 ,how can any persons be so presumptuous as to think that any person1 or a number of persons1 exist solely for his comfort and advantage6 ,let two such selfish persons get together1 a permanent riot is assured4 ,unselfishness in the home means thoughtfulness1 discipline1 self-control4 ,each child is taught the rights and privileges of others as well as his own4 ,when two unselfish persons join their lives there begins a holy and beautiful rivalry in seeking the rights and privileges of one another4 ,the very atmosphere of such a home is deference1 respect1 and love4 ,as the stranger1 the neighbor1 the friend1 comes and goes1 he catches the spirit of it and carries it with him into his own and other homes4 ,children born into such a home early imbibe its spirit1 and1 ,o1 the inspiration one receives from going into that family circle6 ,no home-life can be an inspiration and a blessing where selfishness is allowed to reign4 ,nor can it be useful and happy4 ,ella ,wheeler ,wilcox describes a selfish1 though a kind and loving husband3 ,,their ,,holiday4 ,,the ,,wife3 ,our house is like a garden-- ,the children are the flowers1 ,the gardener should come1 methinks1 ,and walk among his bowers4 ,so lock the door of worry1 ,and shut your cares away1 ,not time of year1 but love and cheer1 ,will make a holiday4 ,,the ,,husband3 ,impossible6 ,you women do not know1 ,the toil it takes to make a business grow3 ,i can not join you until very late1 ,so hurry home1 nor let the dinner wait4 ,,the ,,wife3 ,the feast will be like ,hamlet1 ,without the ,hamlet part2 ,the home is but a house1 dear1 ,till you supply the heart4 ,the ,christmas gift ,i long for ,you need not toil to buy2 ,o1 give me back one thing ,i lack3 ,the love-light in your eye4 ,,the ,,husband3 ,of course ,i love you1 and the children1 too4 ,be sensible1 my dear4 ,it is for you ,i work so had to make my business pay2 ,there1 now1 run home1 enjoy your holiday4 ,,the ,,wife1 ,,turning ,,away3 ,he does not mean to wound me1 ,i know his heart is kind1 ,alas1 that men can love us1 ,and be so blind--so blind6 ,a little time for pleasure1 ,a little time for play1 ,a word to prove the life of love ,and frighten care away-- ,though poor my lot1 in some small cot1 ,that were a holiday4 ,to preserve the family circle1 the home must be made attractive4 ,no amount of practical wisdom1 of ,puritanic piety1 nor mere kindly treatment will hold a family of children together until they are strong enough to resist the temptations of the world4 ,the home must be made more attractive than the street or places of amusement4 ,the average boy or girl who loses interest in home and uses it chiefly as an eating and sleeping place1 does so with good reasons4 ,home has lost its charm4 ,no provision is made for his pastime and pleasure4 ,not finding this at home he will go elsewhere in search of it4 ,an unattractive home1 says one1 is like the frame of a harp that stands without strings4 ,in form and outline1 it suggests music1 but no melody arises from the empty spaces2 and thus it is an unattractive home1 is dreary and dull4 ,how may home be made attractive8 ,we have presupposed a certain amount of education and culture in the home by maintaining for it intelligence and unselfishness4 ,any home that is intelligent and unselfish is capable of being made attractive4 ,in the first place1 in as far as it is practicable1 each member of the family should have a room of his own and be taught how to make it attractive4 ,here1 one will hang his first pictures1 start his own library1 provide a writing desk1 and learn to spend his spare moments4 ,recently we visited a home in ,chicago4 ,the rooms are few in number and hired4 ,the family consists of father1 mother1 and three children1 now grown4 ,during our short stay in the home ,i was invited into the boys' room4 ,the walls are literally covered with original pencil designs1 queer calendars1 odd pictures2 the dresser and stand are lined with books and magazines1 with worn-out musical instruments1 art gifts from other members of the family1 and ball-team pictures1 while two lines of gorgeous decorations stretch from wall to wall4 ,this is still these young men's little world1 their interests have centered here4 ,no less than five kinds of musical instruments were visible in this home4 ,the walls of the living room and parlor are made beautiful with simple tasteful pictures made by the daughter1 whose natural gift in art was early cultivated4 ,the table1 shelves1 and mantelpiece are decorated with china bowls1 plates1 and vases1 simply1 yet elegantly adorned4 ,this work was done by the daughter and mother4 ,not a large but a choice collection of flowering plants relieved the bay window of its emptiness4 ,this is an attractive home4 ,the children never have cared to spend their evenings on the street nor at places of amusement4 ,games of skill1 innocent1 instructive1 and entertaining1 may be used to make home life more attractive4 ,only let the amusements of the home be under the direction of father and mother1 and be practiced by them4 ,here is a chance to teach shrewdness1 honor1 interest1 and by all means1 moderation4 ,to overdo at games and amusements is more harmful than to overwork4 ,religion is essential to happy home life4 ,a family may get on for a time very smoothly without prayer1 ,bible study1 faith in ,god1 and love for ,jesus ,christ2 but no family life is completed without a storm1 many storms of some sort4 ,years may pass as on a quiet sea1 but one day at high noon1 or1 perhaps1 in the silent1 early hour1 a small cloud is seen in the distance2 it comes nearer2 the wind begins to blow1 the thunders peal1 the lightnings flash1 the old home1 for so long an ark of safety1 is being tossed on the billowy waves4 ,a testing time is at hand4 ,mother is gone1 or father has ventured too far and lost all2 or son has disgraced the family name2 or daughter is in shame2 or the darling of the home is no more6 ,it makes a vast difference who is at the helm when the storms of home life rage4 ,it is a mark of highest wisdom to place the family ship under the world's best ,captain1 ,jesus ,christ4 ,he never lost a life4 ,he alone can arrest the lightning1 quiet the waves1 inspire confidence1 and restore peace and good will in any storm4 ,but religion is not only useful in trouble1 it is an ornament in peace and prosperity1 in the making and building of the home4 ,tempers must be controlled1 dispositions cultivated1 conduct improved1 hearts softened1 and minds purified and disciplined4 ,to accomplish all of this1 no substitute can be made for the spirit and faith of ,jesus ,christ4 ',dear ,moss1' said the thatch on an old ruin1 ',i am so worn1 so patched1 so ragged1 really ,i am quite unsightly4 ,i wish you would come and cheer me up a little4 ,you will hide all my infirmities and defects2 and1 through your loving sympathy no finger of contempt or dislike will be pointed at me4' ',i come1' said the moss2 and it crept up and around1 and in and out1 till every flaw was hidden1 and all was smooth and fair4 ,presently the sun shone out1 and the old thatch looked bright and fair1 a picture of rare beauty1 in the golden rays4 ',how beautiful the thatch looks6' cried one who saw it4 ',how beautiful the thatch looks6' said another4 ',ah6' said the old thatch1 'rather let them say1 ',how beautiful is the loving moss6' ,so it is with the religion of ,christ1 it adorns and beautifies the life who really wears it2 so that the plainness of that life is covered1 its ruggedness softened1 and its pain transformed into profit and its loss into gain4 ,charles ,m4 ,sheldon gives as an essential for a permanent republic1 ,a true home life where father1 mother1 and children spend much time together2 where family worship is preserved2 where honesty1 purity1 and mutual affection are developed4 ,j4,r4 ,miller beautifully sums up the secret of happy home-making in one word--',christ4' ,christ at the marriage altar2 ,christ on the bridal journey2 ,christ when the new home is set up2 ,christ when the baby is born2 ,christ when the baby dies2 ,christ in the pinching times2 ,christ in the days of plenty2 ,christ in the nursery1 in the kitchen1 in the parlor2 ,christ in the toil and in the rest2 ,christ all along the years2 ,christ when the wedded pair walk toward the sunset gates2 ,christ in the sad hour when the farewells are spoken1 and one goes on before and the other stays1 bearing the unshared grief4 ,christ is the secret of happy home life4 ,,the ,,home-,,maker4 ,just as a surly husband1 a dissipated father1 or a reckless son may blight a home and destroy its happiness1 so may a thoughtful1 virtuous1 and kind man in the home change its very atmosphere and help to make it a heaven4 ,as a home-maker man has the ruggeder part4 ,it is his to provide4 ,the man who falls short of this in the home does not do his part4 ,no woman can respect a man much less love him1 who places her1 her work1 her life1 her home1 her world under constant embarrassment by a scant and niggardly provision4 ,she loses her ambition1 ceases to make her self and her home attractive2 disorder1 filth1 unwholesome food1 lack of spirit on her part is the result4 ,she can not be to him1 most of all1 what he expects her to be1 a companion1 a counselor1 a comfort--a home-maker4 ,also1 it is the part of the man in the home to shield the woman from the heavier burdens and responsibilities4 ,let him count the cost of his enterprises1 secure himself against hazardous speculations1 and give his wife and children to realize that his shoulders1 and not theirs1 are to bear the load of financial obligation and material support4 ,this leaves the woman with her finer instincts and sensibilities to make the home the dearest spot on earth to husband1 children1 and to all who cross her threshold4 ,the house is her dominion4 ,there she is queen4 ,what a tender and beautiful one she may become6 ,,some ,,practical ,,hints4 ,the true home-maker does not spend all of her time with her ducks1 chickens1 pigs1 and cows1 nor yet with her neighbors1 her club1 nor her ,church4 ,she finds some time to cultivate her intellectual nature and the finer feelings of her children4 ,she does not degenerate into a mere household drudge4 ,she is not the slave of her husband1 but his companion4 ,if she has musical ability1 she keeps up the practice of her music2 if she is inclined to literature1 she reads some every day4 ,whether literary or not1 every woman should spend some time each day in reading that she might keep abreast with the world1 at least with her companion1 in the movements and thoughts of every-day life4 ,the true home-maker plans to have a few minutes each day which she calls her own1 in which she may do as she pleases regardless of call or duty1 that she might relax herself1 remove the strain of intense effort1 rest1 give her nature its free bent and inclination4 ,it will pay her in every way4 ,she will accomplish more and better work in the busy hours4 ,a spirit and a force will characterize every effort4 ,the women of to-day are overworked4 ,they can not do themselves1 their families1 not their homes the true spiritual service that it is their part to do4 ,plan for a few minutes rest with the daily routine of care4 ,but how is one to do this with so many demands made upon her8 ,for she is expected to be seamstress1 laundress1 maid1 cook1 hostess1 a companion to her husband1 a trainer of her children1 a social being1 and a helper in the ,church4 ,if it is impossible or impracticable for one to have a servant1 she will find these few minutes for daily recreation and study only in a wise choice of more important duties1 and will allow the less important ones to go undone4 ,many housewives could well afford to keep a helper4 ,it becomes a question which is of greater importance1 the life and health of the wife and mother1 or the paltry wages of a servant8 ,we knew a family in ,illinois who were quite able to keep help in the home1 but did not do so4 ,the mother made a slave of herself1 in a few years broke in health1 and left a large family of small children to struggle alone in the world4 ,the stepmother1 who soon came into the home1 could afford one servant girl and part of the time two4 ,this is a common experience in ill-managed homes4 ,or this question arises1 ,which is of greater importance1 to make more money or to improve the moral tone of the home2 to seek to gratify the outer senses1 or to seek to elevate the spiritual life of the children and the parents8 ,in pleading for rest and study for the mother in the home we plead for the highest interests of the entire family4 ,for how can a wife be a companion to a husband when she is made irritable and nervous from overwork and worry4 ,how can she be a true mother to her children and neglect their mental and spiritual growth8 ,napoleon once said3 ,what ,france wants is good mothers1 and you may be sure then that ,france will have good sons4 ,thomas ,mc,crie1 an eminent ,scotch preacher1 used to tell1 with great feeling1 of how his mother1 when he was starting out for school in the city1 accompanied him along the road a little way1 and then leading him into the field where she could be alone1 prayed with him1 that he might be kept from sin in the city1 and become a very useful man4 ,that moment was the turning point in his life4 ,a few minutes a day spent with the eager1 susceptible child mind1 will bring everlasting blessing upon the father and mother4