mat]ial f ! ,google ,pr9t project47 ,,! ,,m>tyrs ,,( ,,sci5ce1 ,,or ,,! ,,lives ,,( ,,galileo1 ,,ty*o ,,brahe1 ,,& ,,kepl]4 ,,by ,,sir ,,david ,,brew/]1 ,k4,h4 ,d4,c4,l41 ,,pr9cipal ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,college ,,( ,,/ ,,salvator ,,& ,,/ ,,leon>d1 ,,/ ,,&rews2 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,society ,,( ,,london2 ,,vice-,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,society ,,( ,,ed9burgh2 ,,correspond+ ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,in/itute ,,( ,,france2 ,,& ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,academies ,,( ,,/ ,,pet]sburg1 ,,/ockholm1 ,,b]l91 ,,cop5hag51 ,,gott+51 ,,philadelphia1 c4 c4 ,,london3 ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet4 #ahda4 ,g4 ,s4 ,,tullis1 ,,pr9t]1 ,,cup>4 ,,to ,,! ,,"r ,,hon4 ,,francis ,,"l ,,gray1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,r4,s4,e4 ,,my ,,"l1 ,9 submitt+ ?is volume to ! public "u y\r ,lord%ip's auspices1 ,i avail myself ( ! opportunity ?us af=d$ me ( express+ ! deep s5se :i* ,i ent]ta9 ( ! fri5d%ip & k9dness ) :i* y\r ,lord%ip has s long hon\r$ me4 ,al?\gh 9 ^! days1 :5 ,sci5ce con/itutes ! p[] & weal? ( nations1 & encircles ! dome/ic he>? ) its mo/ sub/antial com=ts1 !re is no risk ( its vot>ies be+ ei!r p]secut$ or neglect$1 yet ! c\nt5ance ( ^? to :om ,provid5ce has giv5 rank & /ation w ev] be "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful incitem5ts to sci5tific ent]prise1 z well z "o ( its mo/ legitimate rew>ds4 ,next to ! satisfaction ( cultivat+ ,sci5ce1 & ?us lay+ up ! only e>?ly treasure :i* we c c>ry along ) u into a bett] /ate1 is t ( hav+ enc\rag$ & assi/$ o!rs 9 ! same b5efic5t lab\rs4 ,t y\r ,lord%ip may long cont9ue to enjoy ^! s\rces ( happ9ess is ! e>ne/ pray] (1 ,,my ,,"l1 ,y\r ,lord%ip's ,mo/ fai?ful & ob$i5t s]vant1 ,,david ,,brew/]4 ,,/ ,,leon>ds1 ,,/ ,,&rews1 ,octob] #ab1 #ahdj4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,life ,,( ,,galileo4 ,page4 ,,*apt] ,i4 #a ,peculi> int]e/ atta*$ to 8 ,life--,8 ,bir?--,8 e>ly /udies--,8 passion = ,ma!matics--,8 "w on ! ,hydro/atic ,balance--,appo9t$ ,lectur] on ,ma!matics at ,pisa--,8 antipa?y to ! ,philosophy ( ,ari/otle--,8 cont5tions ) ! ,ari/otelians--,*os5 ,pr(essor ( ,ma!matics 9 ,padua--,adopts ! ,cop]nican sy/em1 b /ill tea*es ! ,ptolemaic doctr9e--,8 al>m+ illness--,he obs]ves ! new ,/> 9 #afjd--;,8 ,magnetical exp]im5ts1 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 #bj ,cosmo1 ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany1 invites ,galileo to ,pisa--,galileo visits ,v5ice 9 #afji1 :]e he fir/ he>s ( ! ,telescope--,he inv5ts & con/ructs "o1 :i* excites a great s5sation--,discov]s ,m\nta9s 9 ! ,moon1 & ,=ty ,/>s 9 ! ,pleiades--,discov]s ,jupit]'s ,satellites 9 #afaj--;,effect ( ?is discov]y on ,kepl]--,mann] 9 :i* ^! discov]ies 7 receiv$--,galileo appo9t$ ,ma!matician to ,cosmo--,may] claims ! discov]y ( ! ,satellites ( ,jupit]--,h>riot obs]ves !m 9 ,engl& 9 ,octob] #afaj1 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 #db ,galileo ann\nces 8 discov]ies 9 ,enigmas--,discov]s ! ,cresc5t ( ,v5us--! ,r+ ( ,saturn--! ,spots on ! ,sun--,simil> ,obs]vations made 9 ,engl& by ,h>riot--,claims ( ,fabricius & ,s*e9] to ! discov]y ( ! ,sol> ,spots--,galileo's ,lett]s to ,vels] on ! claims ( ,s*e9]--,8 resid5ce at ! ,villa ( ,salviati--,composes 8 "w on ,float+ ,bodies1 :i* involves him 9 new controv]sies1 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 #ef ,galileo treats 8 ,oppon5ts ) sev]ity & s>casm--,he is aid$ by ! ,sceptics ( ! day--,! ,*ur* ,p>ty ! mo/ p[]ful--,galileo comm5ces ! attack1 & is answ]$ by ,cacc9i1 a ,dom9ican--,galileo's ,lett] to ! ,gr& ,du*ess ( ,tuscany1 9 support ( ! motion ( ! ,e>? & ! /ability ( ! ,sun--,galileo visits ,rome--,is summon$ be=e ! ,inquisition--,& r5\nces 8 op9ions z ,h]etical--,! ,inquisition d5\nces ! ,cop]nican sy/em--,galileo has an audi5ce ( ! ,pope1 b /ill ma9ta9s 8 op9ions 9 private society--,proposes to f9d out ! ,longitude at ,sea by means ( ,jupit]'s ,satellites--,8 negotiation on ?is subject ) ! ,c\rt ( ,spa9--,its failure--,he is unable to obs]ve ! ?ree ,comets ( #afah1 b is involv$ 9 ! controv]sy to :i* !y gave rise1 ,,*apt] ,v4 #gb ,urban ,,viii41 ,galileo's fri5d1 rais$ to ! ,pontificate--,galileo goes to ,rome to (f] 8 congratulations--,! ,pope loads ,galileo ) pres5ts1 & promises a ,p5sion to 8 ,son--,galileo 9 pecuni>y difficulties1 ow+ to ! dea? ( 8 patron1 ,cosmo--,galileo aga9 ra%ly attacks ! ,*ur*1 not)/&+ ! ,pope's k9dness--,he composes 8 ,sy/em ( ! ,_w1 to demon/rate ! ,cop]nican ,sy/em--,artfully obta9s a lic5se to pr9t x--,nature ( ! "w--,its influ5ce on ! public m9d--,! ,pope resolves on suppress+ x--,galileo summon$ be=e ! ,inquisition--,8 ,trial--,8 ,def5ce--,8 =mal ,abjuration ( 8 ,op9ions--,obs]vations on 8 conduct--,! ,pope %ews great indulg5ce to ,galileo1 :o is all[$ to return to 8 own h\se at ,arcetri z ! place ( 8 conf9em5t1 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 #ajb ,galileo loses 8 fav\rite ,daught]--,he falls into a /ate ( melan*oly & ill heal?--,is all[$ to g to ,flor5ce = its recov]y 9 #afch--;,b is prev5t$ f leav+ 8 ,h\se or receiv+ 8 ,fri5ds--,8 fri5d ,ca/elli p]mitt$ to visit him 9 ! pres5ce ( an ,(fic] ( ! ,inquisition--,he composes 8 celebrat$ ,dialogues on ,local ,motion--,discov]s ! ,moon's ,libration--,loses ! sight ( "o ,eye--,! o!r ,eye attack$ by ! same ,disease--,is /ruck ,bl9d--,negociates ) ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t respect+ 8 ,me?od ( f9d+ ! ,longitude--,he is all[$ free int]c\rse ) 8 ,fri5ds--,8 ,illness & ,dea? 9 #afdb--;,8 ,epitaph--,8 ,social1 ,moral1 & ,sci5tific ,"*1 99 99 99 99 99 ,,life ,,( ,,ty*o ,,brahe4 ,,*apt] ,i4 #abc ,ty*o's ,bir?1 ,family1 & ,education--,an ,eclipse ( ! ,sun turns 8 att5tion to ,a/ronomy--,/udies ,law at ,leipsic--,b pursues ,a/ronomy by /eal?--,8 ,uncle's ,dea?--,he returns to ,cop5hag51 & resumes 8 ,obs]vations--,revisits ,g]many--,fights a ,duel1 & loses 8 ,nose--,visits ,augsburg1 & meets ,ha9zel--,:o assi/s him 9 mak+ a l>ge ,quadrant--,revisits ,d5m>k--,& is w>mly receiv$ by ! ,k+--,he settles at 8 ,uncle's ,ca/le ( ,h]ritzvold--,8 ,obs]vatory & ,laboratory--,discov]s ! new ,/> 9 ,cassiopeia--,acc\nt ( ?is rem>kable ,body--,ty*o's ,m>riage ) a ,peasant ,girl--,:i* irritates 8 ,fri5ds--,8 ,lectures on ,a/ronomy--,he visits ! ,pr9ce ( ,hesse--,att5ds ! ,coronation ( ! ,emp]or ,rudolph at ,ratisbon--,he returns to ,d5m>k1 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 #ade ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 patronizes ,ty*o--,& resolves to e/abli% him 9 ,d5m>k--,grants him ! ,isl& ( ,hu5 = ,life--,& ,builds ! spl5did ,obs]vatory ( ,uraniburg--,description ( ! ,isl&1 & ( ! ,obs]vatory--,acc\nt ( its ,a/ronomical ,in/rum5ts--,ty*o beg9s 8 ,obs]vations--,8 ,pupils--,ty*o is made ,canon ( ,ro?s*ild1 & receives a l>ge ,p5sion--,8 ,hospitality to 8 ,visitors--,+ratitude ( ,witti*ius--,ty*o s5ds an ,assi/ant to take ! ,latitude ( ,frau5burg & ,konigsb]g--,is visit$ by ,ulric1 ,duke ( ,meckl5burg--,*ange 9 ,ty*o's =tunes1 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 #afj ,ty*o's ,lab\rs d hon\r to 8 ,c\ntry--,dea? ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii4--,james ,,vi4 ( ,scotl& visits ,ty*o at ,uraniburg--,*ri/ian ,,iv4 visits ,ty*o--,! ,duke ( ,brunswick's visit to ,ty*o--,! ,dani% ,nobility1 jeal\s ( 8 fame1 conspire aga9/ him--,he is compell$ to quit ,uraniburg--,& to ab&on 8 ,/udies--,cruelty ( ! ,m9i/] ,wal*5dorp--,ty*o quits ,d5m>k ) 8 ,family & ,in/rum5ts--,is hospitably receiv$ by ,c\nt ,rantzau--,:o introduces him to ! ,emp]or ,rudolph--,! ,emp]or invites him to ,prague--,he gives him a ,p5sion ( #cjjj ,cr[ns--,& ! ,ca/le ( ,b5a* z a ,resid5ce & an ,obs]vatory--,kepl] visits ,ty*o--,:o obta9s = him ! ,appo9tm5t ( ,ma!matician to ,rudolph1 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 #agi ,ty*o resumes 8 ,a/ronomical ,obs]vations--,is attack$ ) a ,pa9ful ,disease--,8 ,suff]+s & ,dea? 9 #afja--;,8 ,fun]al--,8 ,temp]--,8 ,turn = ,satire & ,raill]y--,8 ,piety--,acc\nt ( 8 ,a/ronomical ,discov]ies--,8 ,love ( ,a/rology & ,al*ymy--,obs]vations on ! ,"* ( ! ,al*ymi/s--,ty*o's ,elixir--,8 ,fondness = ! ,m>vell\s--,8 ,automata & ,invisible ,bells--,acc\nt ( ! ,idiot1 call$ ,lep1 :om he kept z a ,prophet--,hi/ory ( ,ty*o's ,in/rum5ts--,8 ,great ,brass ,globe pres]v$ at ,cop5hag5--,pres5t /ate ( ! ,isl& ( ,hu51 99 99 99 99 99 ,,life ,,( ,,john ,,kepl]4 ,,*apt] ,i4 #bjc ,kepl]'s ,bir? 9 #aega--;,8 ,family--,& e>ly ,education--,! ,di/resses & ,pov]ty ( 8 ,family--,he ent]s ! ,mona/ic ,s*ool ( ,maulbronn--,& is admitt$ into ! ,univ]sity ( ,tub+51 :]e he di/+ui%es himself1 & takes 8 ,degree--,he is appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,a/ronomy & ,greek 9 #aeid--;,8 fir/ speculations on ! ,orbits ( ! ,planets--,acc\nt ( _! ,progress & ,failure--,8 ,cosmographical ,my/]y publi%$--,he ,m>ries a ,wid[ 9 #aeig--,religi\s tr\bles at ,gratz--,he retires f !nce to ,hung>y--,visits ,ty*o at ,prague 9 #afjj--,returns to ,gratz1 :i* he aga9 quits = ,prague--,he is tak5 ill on ! road--,is appo9t$ ,ty*o's ,assi/ant 9 #afja--,succe$s ,ty*o z ,imp]ial ,ma!matician--,8 ,"w on ! ,new ,/> ( #afjd--,s+ul> specim5 ( x1 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 #bbj ,kepl]'s ,pecuni>y ,emb>rassm5ts--,8 ,inquiries respect+ ! ,law ( ,refraction--,8 ,supplem5t to ,vitellio--,8 ,rese>*es on ,vision--,8 ,treatise on ,dioptrics--,8 ,comm5t>ies on ,m>s--,he discov]s t ! orbit ( ,m>s is an ,ellipse1 ) ! ,sun 9 "o focus--,& ext5ds ?is discov]y to all ! o!r ,planets--,he e/abli%es ! two fir/ laws ( ,physical ,a/ronomy--,8 ,family ,di/resses--,dea? ( 8 ,wife--,he is appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,ma!matics at ,l9z--,8 ,me?od ( ,*oos+ a ,second ,wife--,h] ,"*1 z giv5 by ,himself--,orig9 ( 8 ,treatise on ,gaug+--,he goes to ,ratisbon to give 8 ,op9ion to ! ,diet on ! *ange ( ,/yle--,he refuses ! ,ma!matical ,*air at ,bologna1 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 #bcg ,kepl]'s cont9u$ ,emb>rassm5ts--,dea? ( ,ma?ias--,lib]ality ( ,f]d9&--,kepl]'s ,h>monies ( ! ,_w--,! ,epitome ( ! ,cop]nican ,a/ronomy--,x is prohibit$ by ! ,inquisition--,sir ,h5ry ,wotton1 ! ,briti% ,ambassador1 invites ,kepl] to ,engl&--,he decl9es ! ,invitation--,neglect ( ,g5ius by ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t--,trial ( ,kepl]'s ,"m--,h] f9al ,acquittal--,& ,dea? at ! age ( ,sev5ty-five--,! ,/ates ( ,/yria burn publicly ,kepl]'s ,cal5d>--,he receives 8 ,arre>s ( ,sal>y f ,f]d9&--,! ,rudolph9e ,tables publi%$ 9 #afbh--;,he receives a ,gold ,*a9 f ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany--,he is ,patronis$ by ! ,duke ( ,fri$l&--,he removes to ,sagan1 9 ,silesia--,is appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,ma!matics at ,ro/o*--,goes to ,ratisbon to receive 8 ,arre>s--,8 ,dea?1 ,fun]al1 & ,epitaph--,monum5t ,erect$ to 8 ,memory 9 #ahjc--;,8 ,family--,8 ,po/hum\s ,volume1 entitl$ ,! ,dream1 or ,lun> ,a/ronomy1 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 #beb ,numb] ( ,kepl]'s publi%$ ,works--,8 num]\s ,manuscripts 9 #bb folio volumes--,pur*as$ by ,hevelius1 & aft]w>ds by ,hans*--,:o publi%es ,kepl]'s ,life & ,correspond5ce at ! exp5se ( ,*>les ,,vi4--,! ,hi/ory ( ! re/ ( 8 ,manuscripts1 :i* are deposit$ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,/ ,pet]sburg--,g5]al ,"* ( ,kepl]--,8 ,c&\r 9 ackn[l$g+ 8 ,errors--,8 ,moral & ,religi\s ,"*--,8 ,a/rological ,writ+s & ,op9ions consid]$--,8 ,"* z an ,a/ronom] & a ,philosoph]--,! ,spl5d\r ( 8 ,discov]ies--,acc\nt ( 8 ,me?od ( ,inve/igat+ ,tru?1 ,,life ,,( ,,galileo4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,peculi> int]e/ atta*$ to 8 ,life--,8 ,bir?--,8 e>ly /udies--,8 passion = ,ma!matics--,8 "w on ! ,hydro/atic ,balance--,appo9t$ ,lectur] on ,ma!matics at ,pisa--,8 antipa?y to ! ,philosophy ( ,ari/otle--,8 cont5tions ) ! ,ari/otelians--,*os5 pr(essor ( ,ma!matics 9 ,padua--,adopts ! ,cop]nican sy/em1 b /ill tea*es ! ,ptolemaic doctr9e--,8 al>m+ illness--,he obs]ves ! new ,/> 9 #afjd--;,8 magnetical exp]im5ts4 ,! hi/ory ( ! life & lab\rs ( ,galileo is pregnant ) a peculi> int]e/ to ! g5]al read]1 z well z to ! philosoph]4 ,8 brilliant discov]ies1 ! man ( sci5ce reg>ds z 8 peculi> prop]ty2 ! means by :i* !y 7 made1 & ! developm5t ( 8 intellectual "*1 belong to ! logician & to ! philosoph]2 b ! triumphs & ! rev]ses ( 8 ev5tful life mu/ be claim$ = our common nature1 z a s\rce ( m ?an ord9>y in/ruction4 ,! l5g!n$ c>e] :i* ,provid5ce assign$ to ,galileo 0 fill$ up ?r\gh\t its rugg$ outl9e ) ev5ts ev5 ( dramatic int]e/4 ,b ?\gh x 0 emblazon$ ) a*ievem5ts ( transc5d5t magnitude1 yet 8 noble/ discov]ies 7 ! d]ision ( 8 contempor>ies1 & 7 ev5 d5\nc$ z crimes :i* m]it$ ! v5geance ( ,heav54 ,?\gh he 0 ! idol ( 8 fri5ds1 & ! fav\r$ companion ( pr9ces1 yet he aft]w>ds became ! victim ( p]secution1 & sp5t "s ( 8 la/ h\rs )9 ! walls ( a prison2 & ?\gh ! ,almighty grant$ him1 z x 71 a new sight to descry unkn[n worlds 9 ! obscurity ( space1 yet ! eyes :i* 7 all[$ to witness su* wond]s1 7 !mselves doom$ to be clos$ 9 d>kness4 ,su* 7 ! lights & %ad[s 9 :i* hi/ory del9eates ,! />ry ,galileo ) 8 woes4#a #a ,*ilde ,h>old1 canto iv4 /anza liv4 ,b1 h[ev] p[]ful be _! contra/s1 !y are n unusual 9 _! proportions4 ,! balance :i* has be5 /ruck betwe5 8 days ( good & evil1 is t :i* regulates ! lot ( man1 :e!r we /udy x 9 ! despotic sway ( ! autocrat1 9 ! peaceful inquiries ( ! philosoph]1 or 9 ! humbl] toils ( ord9>y life4 ,galileo ,galilei 0 born at ,pisa1 on ! #ae? ( ,febru>y1 #aefd1 & 0 ! elde/ ( a family ( ?ree sons & ?ree daught]s4 ,"u ! "n ( ,bonajuti1 8 noble ance/ors _h fill$ high (fices at ,flor5ce2 b ab\t ! middle ( ! #ad? c5tury !y seem to h ab&on$ ?is surname = t ( ,galileo4 ,v9c5zo ,galilei1 our au?or's fa!r1 0 himself a philosoph] ( no mean p[]s2 & ?\gh 8 tal5ts seem to h be5 ex]cis$ only 9 ! composition ( treatises on ! !ory & practice ( music1 yet he appe>s to h anticipat$ ev5 8 son 9 a j e/imate ( ! philosophy ( ! age1 & 9 a di/9ct p]ception ( ! true me?od ( inve/igat+ tru?4#b #b ,life ( ,galileo1 ,libr>y ( ,useful ,k1 p4 #a4 ,! e>ly ye>s ( ,galileo 71 l ^? ( almo/ all great exp]im5tal philosoph]s1 sp5t 9 ! con/ruction ( in/rum5ts & pieces ( ma*9]y1 :i* 7 calculat$ *iefly to amuse himself & 8 s*oolfell[s4 ,?is employm5t ( 8 h&s1 h[ev]1 did n int]f]e ) 8 regul> /udies2 & ?\gh1 f ! /rait5$ circum/ances ( 8 fa!r1 he 0 educat$ "u consid]able disadvantages1 yet he acquir$ ! elem5ts ( classical lit]ature1 & 0 initiat$ into all ! le>n+ ( ! times4 ,music1 draw+1 & pa9t+ 7 ! occupations ( 8 leisure h\rs2 & su* 0 8 pr(ici5cy 9 ^! arts1 t he 0 reckon$ a skilful p]=m] on sev]al musical in/rum5ts1 especially ! lute2 & 8 k ( pictures 0 held 9 great e/eem by "s ( ! be/ arti/s ( 8 day4 ,galileo seems to h be5 desir\s ( foll[+ ! pr(ession ( a pa9t]3 b 8 fa!r _h obs]v$ decid$ indications ( e>ly g5ius2 &1 ?\gh by no means able to af=d x1 he resolv$ to s5d him to ! univ]sity to pursue ! /udy ( m$ic9e4 ,he accord+ly enroll$ himself z a s*ol> 9 arts at ! univ]sity ( ,pisa1 on ! #e? ( ,novemb]1 #aeha1 & pursu$ 8 m$ical /udies "u ! celebrat$ botani/ ,&rew ,caesalp9us1 :o fill$ ! *air ( m$ic9e f #aefg to #aeib4 ,9 ord] to /udy ! pr9ciples ( music & draw+1 ,galileo f\nd x necess>y to acquire "s k ( geometry4 ,8 fa!r seems to h =ese5 ! consequ5ces ( foll[+ ?is new pursuit1 & ?\gh he did n prohibit him f read+ ,euclid "u ,o/ilio ,ricci1 "o ( ! pr(essors at ,pisa1 yet he wat*$ 8 progress ) ! utmo/ jeal\sy1 & _h resolv$ t x %\ld n int]f]e ) 8 m$ical /udies4 ,! demon/rations1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,greek ma!matician _h too _m *>ms = ! ard5t m9d ( ,galileo4 ,8 :ole att5tion 0 engross$ ) ! new tru?s :i* bur/ ^u 8 und]/&+2 & aft] _m fruitless attempts to *eck 8 ard\r & direct 8 ?\ghts to pr(essional objects1 8 fa!r 0 oblig$ to surr5d] 8 p>5tal control1 & all[ ! fulle/ scope to ! g5ius ( 8 son4 ,f ! elem5t>y works ( geometry1 ,galileo pass$ to ! writ+s ( ,ar*im$es2 & :ile he 0 /udy+ ! hydro/atical treatise#c ( ! ,syracusan philosoph]1 he wrote 8 essay on ! hydro/atical balance1#d 9 :i* he describes ! con/ruction ( ! in/rum5t1 & ! me?od by :i* ,ar*im$es detect$ ! fraud committ$ by ! jewell] 9 ! composition ( ,hi]o's cr[n4 ,?is "w ga9$ = its au?or ! e/eem ( ,guido ,ubaldi1 :o _h di/+ui%$ himself by 8 me*anical & ma!matical acquirem5ts1 & :o engag$ 8 "y fri5d to inve/igate ! subject ( ! c5tre ( gravity 9 solid bodies4 ,! treatise on ?is subject1 :i* ,galileo pres5t$ to 8 patron1 prov$ ! s\rce ( 8 future success 9 life4 #c ,de ,insid5tibus 9 ,fluido4 #d ,op]e di ,galileo4 ,milano1 #ahaj1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bdh-beg4 ,?r\gh ! ,c>d9al del ,monte1 ! bro!r-9-law ( ,ubaldi1 ! reign+ ,duke ( ,tuscany1 ,f]d9& de ,m$ici 0 made acqua9t$ ) ! m]its ( our "y philosoph]2 &1 9 #aehi1 he 0 appo9t$ lectur] on ma!matics at ,pisa4 ,z ! sal>y1 h[ev]1 atta*$ to ?is (fice 0 only sixty cr[ns1 he 0 compell$ to enl>ge ?is inadequate income by ! additional occupation ( private tea*+1 & ?us to encroa* ^u ! leisure :i* he 0 anxi\s to devote to sci5ce4 ,) ?is mod]ate compet5cy1 ,galileo comm5c$ 8 philosophical c>e]4 ,at ! e>ly age ( eighte51 :5 he _h ent]$ ! univ]sity1 8 innate antipa?y to ! ,ari/otelian philosophy began to display itself4 ,?is feel+ 0 /r5g!n$ by 8 e>lie/ inquiries2 & ^u 8 e/abli%m5t at ,pisa he seems to h reg>d$ ! doctr9es ( ,ari/otle z ! intellectual prey :i*1 9 8 *ace ( glory1 he 0 de/9$ to pursue4 ,nizzoli1 :o fl\ri%$ ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ,giordano ,bruno1 :o 0 burn$ at ,rome 9 #afjj1 l$ ! way 9 ?is d>+ pursuit2 b x 0 res]v$ = ,galileo to track ! ,?racian bo> ?r\gh its native ?ickets1 &1 at ! risk ( 8 own life1 to /rangle x 9 its d54 ,) ! resolution ( submitt+ e op9ion to ! te/ ( exp]im5t1 ,galileo's fir/ inquiries at ,pisa 7 direct$ to ! me*anical doctr9es ( ,ari/otle4 ,_! incorrectness & absurdity soon became app>5t2 & ) a zeal1 p]haps1 bord]+ on indiscretion1 he d5\nc$ !m to 8 pupils ) an ard\r ( mann] & ( expression proportion$ to 8 own conviction ( ! tru?4 ,! detection ( long-e/abli%$ errors is apt to inspire ! "y philosoph] ) an exultation :i* reason condemns4 ,! feel+ ( triumph is apt to clo! itself 9 ! language ( asp]ity2 & ! abettor ( errone\s op9ions is treat$ z a species ( enemy to sci5ce4 ,l ! soldi] :o fle%es 8 fir/ spe> 9 battle1 ! philosoph] is apt to leave ! /a9 ( cruelty on 8 e>ly a*ievem5ts4 ,x is only f age & exp]i5ce1 inde$1 t we c expect ! discretion ( val\r1 :e!r x is call$ =? 9 controv]sy or 9 battle4 ,galileo seems to h wag$ ?is /]n w>f>e aga9/ ! foll[]s ( ,ari/otle2 & su* 0 ! exasp]ation :i* 0 excit$ by 8 reit]at$ & successful attacks1 t he 0 assail$1 dur+ ! re/ ( 8 life1 ) a degree ( ranc\r :i* seldom orig9ates 9 a m]e diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,=gett+ t all k is progressive1 & t ! errors ( "o g5]ation call =? ! comm5ts1 & are replac$ by ! discov]ies1 ( ! next1 ,galileo did n anticipate t 8 own speculations & incomplet$ lab\rs might "o day provoke unmitigat$ c5sure2 & he !re=e fail$ 9 mak+ all[ance = ! prejudices & ignorance ( 8 oppon5ts4 ,he :o enjoys ! pr\d lot ( tak+ a position 9 advance ( 8 age1 ne$ n wond] t 8 less gift$ contempor>ies are left beh9d4 ,m5 are n necess>ily ob/9ate because !y cleave to deeply root$ & v5]able errors1 nor are !y absolutely dull :5 !y are long 9 und]/&+ & sl[ 9 embrac+ newly discov]$ tru?s4 ,x 0 "o ( ! axioms ( ! ,ari/otelian me*anics1 t ! heavi] ( two fall+ bodies w\ld rea* ! gr\nd soon] ?an ! o!r1 & t _! velocities w\ld be proportional to _! weights4 ,galileo attack$ ! argum5ts by :i* ?is op9ion 0 support$2 & :5 he f\nd 8 reason+ ineffectual1 he appeal$ to direct exp]im5t4 ,he ma9ta9$1 t all bodies w\ld fall ?r\gh ! same height 9 ! same "t1 if !y 7 n unequally ret>d$ by ! resi/ance ( ! air3 & ?\gh he p]=m$ ! exp]im5t ) ! mo/ satisfactory results1 by lett+ heavy bodies fall f ! lean+ t[] ( ,pisa1 yet ! ,ari/otelians1 :o ) _! own eyes saw ! unequal weights /rike ! gr\nd at ! same in/ant1 ascrib$ ! effect to "s unkn[n cause1 & pref]r$ ! decision ( _! ma/] to t ( nature h]self4 ,galileo c\ld n brook ?is opposition to 8 discov]ies2 nor c\ld ! ,ari/otelians tol]ate ! rebukes ( _! "y in/ructor4 ,! two p>ties 71 consequ5tly1 m>%all$ 9 ho/ile array2 :51 =tunately = bo?1 an ev5t occurr$1 :i* plac$ !m beyond ! rea* ( dang]4 ,don ,giovanni de ,m$ici1 a natural son ( ,cosmo1 _h propos$ a me?od ( cle>+ out ! h>b\r ( ,leghorn4 ,galileo1 ^: op9ion 0 reque/$1 gave su* an unfav\rable report ^u x1 t ! disappo9t$ inv5tor direct$ aga9/ him all ! =ce ( 8 malice4 ,x 0 an easy task to conc5trate ! malignity ( 8 enemies at ,pisa2 & s effectually 0 ?is accompli%$1 t ,galileo resolv$ to accept ano!r pr(essor%ip1 to :i* he _h be5 previ\sly invit$4 ,! *air ( ma!matics 9 ! univ]sity ( ,padua hav+ be5 vacant = five ye>s1 ! republic ( ,v5ice _h resolv$ to fill x up2 &1 on ! recomm5dation ( ,guido ,ubaldi1 ,galileo 0 appo9t$ to x1 9 #aeib1 = a p]iod ( six ye>s4 ,previ\s to ?is ev5t1 ,galileo _h lo/ 8 fa!r1 :o di$1 9 #aeia1 at an advanc$ age4 ,z he 0 ! elde/ son1 ! support ( ! family naturally devolv$ ^u him2 & ?is sacr$ obligation mu/ h increas$ 8 anxiety to bett] 8 circum/ances1 & !re=e add$ to 8 o!r inducem5ts to quit ,pisa4 ,9 ,septemb] #aeib1 he remov$ to ,padua1 :]e he _h a sal>y ( only #ahj flor9s1 & :]e he 0 aga9 oblig$ to add to 8 income by ! lab\rs ( tuition4 ,not)/&+ ?is fruitless occupation ( 8 "t1 he appe>s to h f\nd leisure = compos+ sev]al ( 8 works1 & complet+ v>i\s inv5tions1 :i* w be aft]w>ds describ$4 ,8 manuscripts 7 circulat$ privately among 8 fri5ds & pupils2 b "s ( !m /ray$ beyond ?is sacr$ limit1 & f\nd _! way into ! h&s ( p]sons1 :o did n scruple to claim & publi%1 z _! own1 ! discov]ies & inv5tions :i* !y conta9$4 ,x is n easy to asc]ta9 ! exact "t :5 ,galileo became a conv]t to ! doctr9es ( ,cop]nicus1 or ! p>ticul> circum/ances "u :i* he 0 l$ to adopt !m4 ,x is /at$ by ,g]>d ,voss1 t a public lecture ( ,moe/l91 ! in/ructor ( ,kepl]1 0 ! means ( mak+ ,galileo acqua9t$ ) ! true sy/em ( ! univ]se4 ,?is ass]tion1 h[ev]1 is by no means probable2 & x has be5 ably %[n1 by ! late/ biograph] ( ,galileo1#e t1 9 8 dialogues on ! ,cop]nican sy/em1 our au?or gives ! true acc\nt ( 8 own conv]sion4 ,?is passage is s int]e/+1 t we %all give x entire4 #e ,life ( ,galileo1 9 ,libr>y ( ,useful ,k1 p4 #i4 ,i _c omit ?is opportunity ( relat+ to y :at happ5$ to myself at ! "t :5 ?is op9ion 7! ,cop]nican sy/em7 began to be discuss$4 ,i 0 !n a v "y man1 & _h sc>cely f9i%$ my c\rse ( philosophy1 :i* o!r occupations oblig$ me to leave (f1 :5 !re arriv$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 f ,ro/o*1 a =eign]1 ^: "n1 ,i believe1 0 ,*ri/ian ,vur/isius 7,wurteis571 a foll[] ( ,cop]nicus4 ,?is p]son deliv]$1 on ?is subject1 two or ?ree lectures 9 a c]ta9 academy1 & to a cr[d$ audi5ce4 ,believ+ t sev]al 7 attract$ m by ! novelty ( ! subject ?an by any o!r cause1 & be+ firmly p]suad$ t ?is op9ion 0 a piece ( solemn folly1 ,i 0 unwill+ to be pres5t4 ,^u int]rogat+1 h[ev]1 "s ( ^? :o 7 !re1 ,i f\nd t !y all made x a subject ( m]rim5t1 ) ! exception ( "o1 :o assur$ me t x 0 n a ?+ :olly ridicul\s4 ,z ,i consid]$ ?is individual to be bo? prud5t & circumspect1 ,i rep5t$ t ,i _h n att5d$ ! lectures2 &1 :5ev] ,i met any ( ! foll[]s ( ,cop]nicus1 ,i began to inquire if !y _h always be5 ( ! same op9ion4 ,i f\nd t !re 0 n "o ( !m :o did n decl>e t he _h long ma9ta9$ ! v opposite op9ions1 & _h n gone ov] to ! new doctr9es till he 0 driv5 by ! =ce ( argum5t4 ,i next exam9$ !m "o by "o1 to see if !y 7 ma/]s ( ! argum5ts on ! opposite side2 & su* 0 ! read9ess ( _! answ]s1 t ,i 0 satisfi$ !y _h n tak5 up ?is op9ion f ignorance or vanity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5ev] ,i int]rogat$ ! ,p]ipatetics & ! ,ptolemeans--&1 out ( curiosity1 ,i h int]rogat$ n a few--respect+ _! p]usal ( ,cop]nicus's "w1 ,i p]ceiv$ t !re 7 few :o _h se5 ! book1 & n "o :o und]/ood x4 ,nor h ,i omitt$ to inquire among ! foll[]s ( ! ,p]ipatetic doctr9es1 if any ( !m _h ev] /ood on ! opposite side2 & ! result 01 t !re 0 n "o4 ,consid]+1 !n1 t nobody foll[$ ! ,cop]nican doctr9e1 :o _h n previ\sly held ! contr>y op9ion1 & :o 0 n well acqua9t$ ) ! argum5ts ( ,ari/otle & ,ptolemy2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 nobody foll[$ ,ptolemy & ,ari/otle1 :o _h be=e adh]$ to ,cop]nicus1 & _h gone ov] f him into ! camp ( ,ari/otle2--weigh+1 ,i say1 ^! ?+s1 ,i began to believe t1 if any "o :o rejects an op9ion :i* he has imbib$ ) 8 milk1 & :i* has be5 embrac$ by an inf9ite numb]1 %all take up an op9ion held only by a few1 condemn$ by all ! s*ools1 & really reg>d$ z a great p>adox1 x _c be d\bt$ t he mu/ h be5 induc$1 n to say driv51 to embrace x by ! mo/ cog5t argum5ts4 ,on ?is acc\nt ,i h become v curi\s to p5etrate to ! v bottom ( ! subject4#f #f ,sy/ema ,cosmicum1 ,dial4 ii4 p4 #aba4 ,x appe>s1 on ! te/imony ( ,galileo himself1 t he taught ! ,ptolemaic sy/em1 9 compliance ) ! popul> feel+1 aft] he _h conv9c$ himself ( ! tru? ( ! ,cop]nican doctr9es4 ,9 ! treatise on ! sph]e1 inde$1 :i* be>s 8 "n1#g & :i* mu/ h be5 writt5 soon aft] he w5t to ,padua1 & subsequ5tly to #aeib1 ! /ability ( ! e>?1 & ! motion ( ! sun1 are support$ by ! v argum5ts :i* ,galileo aft]w>ds ridicul$2 b we h no means ( det]m9+ :e!r or n he _h !n adopt$ ! true sy/em ( ! univ]se4 ,al?\gh he might h taught ! ,ptolemaic sy/em 9 8 lectures aft] he _h conv9c$ himself ( its falsehood1 yet x is n likely t he w\ld g s f> z to publi% to ! _w1 z true1 ! v doctr9es :i* he despis$4 ,9 a lett] to ,kepl]1 dat$ 9 #aeig1 he di/9ctly /ates t he _h1 _m ye>s ago1 adopt$ ! op9ions ( ,cop]nicus2 b t he _h n yet d>$ to publi% 8 argum5ts 9 fav\r ( !m1 & 8 refutation ( ! opposite op9ions4 ,^! facts w\ld leave u to place ,galileo's conv]sion some:]e betwe5 #aeic & #aeig1 al?\gh _m ye>s _c be said to h elaps$ betwe5 ^! two dates4 #g ,! au!nticity ( ?is "w has be5 d\bt$4 ,x 0 pr9t$ at ,rome1 9 #afef1 f a ,,ms4 9 ! libr>y ( ,somas*i1 at ,v5ice4 ,see ,op]e di ,galileo1 tom4 vii4 p4 #dbg4 ,at ?is e>ly p]iod ( ,galileo's life1 9 ! ye> #aeic1 he met ) an accid5t :i* _h ne>ly prov$ fatal4 ,a p>ty at ,padua1 ( :i* he 0 "o1 7 enjoy+1 at an op5 w9d[1 a curr5t ( air1 :i* 0 artificially cool$ by a fall ( wat]4 ,galileo un=tunately fell asleep "u its influ5ce2 & s p[]ful 0 its effect ^u 8 robu/ con/itution1 t he contract$ a sev]e *ronic disord]1 accompani$ ) acute pa9s 9 8 body1 & loss ( sleep & appetite1 :i* attack$ him at int]vals dur+ ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,o!rs ( ! p>ty suff]$ /ill m sev]ely1 & p]i%$ by _! own ra%ness4 ,galileo's reputation 0 n[ widely ext5d$ ov] ,europe4 ,! ,ar*duke ,f]d9& 7aft]w>ds ,emp]or ( ,g]many71 ! ,l&grave ( ,hesse1 & ! ,pr9ces ( ,alsace & ,mantua1 hon\r$ 8 lectures ) _! pres5ce2 & ,pr9ce ,gu/avus ,adolphus ( ,sw$5 also receiv$ in/ructions f him 9 ma!matics1 dur+ 8 soj\rn 9 ,italy4 ,:5 ,galileo _h complet$ ! fir/ p]iod ( 8 engagem5t at ,padua1 he 0 re-elect$ = o!r six ye>s1 ) an increas$ sal>y ( #cbj flor9s4 ,?is lib]al addition to 8 income is ascrib$ by ,fabbroni to ! malice ( "o ( 8 enemies1 :o in=m$ ! ,s5ate t ,galileo 0 liv+ 9 illicit int]c\rse ) ,m>9a ,gamba4 ,)\t inquir+ into ! tru? ( ! accusation1 ! ,s5ate is said to h repli$1 t if he _h a family to support1 he _h ! m ne$ ( an increas$ sal>y4 ,x is m likely t ! lib]ality ( ! republic _h be5 call$ =? by ! high reputation ( _! pr(essor1 & t ! t]ms ( _! reply 7 int5d$ only to rebuke ! malignity ( ! in=m]4 ,! mode ( expression w\ld seem to indicate t "o or m ( ,galileo's *ildr5 _h be5 born previ\s to 8 re-election 9 #aeih2 b z ?is is sc>cely consi/5t ) o!r facts1 we are dispos$ to d\bt ! au!nticity ( ,fabbroni's anecdote4 ,! new /> :i* attract$ ! notice ( a/ronom]s 9 #afjd1 excit$ ! p>ticul> att5tion ( ,galileo4 ,! obs]vations :i* he made ^u x1 & ! speculations :i* !y sugge/$1 =m$ ! subject ( ?ree lectures1 ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ ( :i* only has rea*$ our times4 ,f ! abs5ce ( p>allax1 he prov$ t ! common hypo!sis ( its be+ a meteor 0 errone\s1 & t1 l ! fix$ />s1 x 0 situat$ f> beyond ! b\nds ( our own sy/em4 ,! popul>ity ( ! subject attract$ cr[ds to 8 lecture-room2 & ,galileo _h ! boldness to reproa* 8 he>]s = tak+ s deep an int]e/ 9 a tempor>y ph5om5on1 :ile !y ov]look$ ! wond]s ( creation :i* 7 daily pres5t$ to _! view4 ,9 ! ye> #afjf1 ,galileo 0 aga9 appo9t$ to ! pr(essor%ip at ,padua1 ) an augm5t$ /ip5d ( #ebj flor9s4 ,8 popul>ity _h n[ ris5 s high1 t 8 audi5ce c\ld n be accommodat$ 9 8 lecture-room2 & ev5 :5 he _h assembl$ !m 9 ! s*ool ( m$ic9e1 :i* conta9$ #ajjj p]sons1 he 0 frequ5tly oblig$ to adj\rn to ! op5 air4 ,among ! v>iety ( pursuits :i* occupi$ 8 att5tion1 0 ! exam9ation ( ! prop]ties ( ! load/one4 ,9 #afjg1 he comm5c$ 8 exp]im5ts2 b1 ) ! exception ( a me?od ( arm+ load/ones1 :i*1 accord+ to ! report ( ,sir ,k5elm ,digby1 enabl$ !m to c>ry twice z mu* weight z be=e1 he does n seem to h made any additions to our k ( magnetism4 ,he appe>s to h /udi$ ) c>e ! admirable "w ( our c\ntryman1 ,dr ,gilb]t1 ,de ,magnete1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #afjj2 & he recognis$ 9 ! exp]im5ts & reason+s ( ! ,engli% philosoph] ! pr9ciples ( t me?od ( inve/igat+ tru? :i* he _h himself adopt$4 ,gilb]t di$ 9 #afjc1 9 ! #fc;d ye> ( 8 age1 & probably nev] read ! f9e complim5t :i* 0 paid to him by ! ,italian philosoph]--,i extremely praise1 admire1 & envy ?is au?or4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,cosmo1 ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany1 invites ,galileo to ,pisa--,galileo visits ,v5ice 9 #afji1 :]e he fir/ he>s ( ! ,telescope--,he inv5ts & con/ructs "o1 :i* excites a great s5sation--,discov]s ,m\nta9s 9 ! ,moon1 & ,=ty ,/>s 9 ! ,pleiades--,discov]s ,jupit]'s ,satellites 9 #afaj--;,effect ( ?is discov]y on ,kepl]--,mann] 9 :i* ^! discov]ies 7 receiv$--,galileo appo9t$ ,ma!matician to ,cosmo--,may] claims ! discov]y ( ! ,satellites ( ,jupit]--,h>riot obs]ves !m 9 ,engl& 9 ,octob] #afaj4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] we h br\ght d[n ! hi/ory ( ,galileo's lab\rs to t auspici\s ye> 9 :i* he fir/ direct$ ! telescope to ! heav5s4 ,no soon] 0 t noble in/rum5t plac$ 9 8 h&s1 ?an ,provid5ce releas$ him f 8 pr(essional toils1 & suppli$ him ) ! fulle/ leisure & ! ample/ means = pursu+ & complet+ ! gr&e/ discov]ies4 ,al?\gh he _h quitt$ ! s]vice & ! doma9s ( 8 munific5t patron1 ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany1 yet he ma9ta9$ 8 connection ) ! family1 by visit+ ,flor5ce dur+ 8 academic vacations1 & giv+ ma!matical in/ruction to ! y\ng] bran*es ( t di/+ui%$ h\se4 ,cosmo1 :o _h be5 "o ( 8 pupils1 n[ succe$$ 8 fa!r ,f]d9&2 & hav+ 8 m9d e>ly imbu$ ) a love ( k1 :i* _h become h]$it>y 9 8 family1 he felt t ! resid5ce ( ,galileo )9 8 dom9ions1 & /ill m 8 introduction into 8 h\sehold1 w\ld d hon\r to _! common c\ntry1 & reflect a lu/re ^u 8 own "n4 ,9 ! ye> #afji1 accord+ly1 ,cosmo made proposals to ,galileo to return to 8 orig9al situation at ,pisa4 ,^! ov]tures 7 gratefully receiv$2 & 9 ! arrangem5ts :i* ,galileo on ?is occasion sugge/$1 z well z 9 ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 urg$1 we obta9 "s insight into 8 temp] & "*4 ,he in=ms ! correspond5t ?r\gh :om ,cosmo's (f] 0 convey$1 t 8 sal>y ( #ebj flor9s at ,padua w\ld be increas$ to z _m cr[ns at 8 re-election1 & t he c\ld enl>ge 8 income to any ext5t he pleas$1 by giv+ private lectures & receiv+ pupils4 ,8 public duties1 he /at$1 occupi$ him only sixty half-h\rs 9 ! ye>2 b 8 /udies suff]$ su* int]ruptions f 8 dome/ic pupils & private lectures1 t 8 mo/ ard5t wi% 0 to be reliev$ f !m1 9 ord] t he might h suffici5t re/ & leisure1 be=e ! close ( 8 life1 to f9i% & publi% ^? great works :i* he _h project$4 ,9 ! ev5t1 !re=e1 ( 8 return+ to ,pisa1 he hop$ t x w\ld be ! fir/ object ( 8 s]5e highness to give him leisure to complete 8 works )\t ! drudg]y ( lectur+4 ,he expresses 8 anxiety to ga9 8 bread by 8 writ+s1 & he promises to d$icate !m to 8 s]5e ma/]4 ,he enum]ates1 among ^! books1 two on ! sy/em ( ! univ]se1 ?ree on local motion1 ?ree books ( me*anics1 two on ! demon/ration ( pr9ciples1 & "o ( problems2 besides treatises on s\nd & spee*1 on light & col\rs1 on ! tides1 on ! composition ( cont9u\s quantity1 on ! motions ( animals1 & on ! milit>y art4 ,on ! subject ( 8 sal>y1 he makes ! foll[+ curi\s obs]vations3-- ,i say no?+1 says he1 on ! am\nt ( my sal>y2 be+ conv9c$ t1 z ,i am to live ^u x1 ! graci\sness ( 8 highness w\ld n deprive me ( any ( ^? com=ts1 ( :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i feel ! want ( less ?an _m o!rs2 &1 !re=e1 ,i say no?+ m on ! subject4 ,f9ally1 on ! title & pr(ession ( my s]vice1 ,i %\ld wi% t1 to ! title ( ma!matician1 8 highness w\ld add t ( philosoph]1 z ,i pr(ess to h /udi$ a great] numb] ( ye>s 9 philosophy1 ?an mon?s 9 pure ma!matics2 & h[ ,i h pr(it$ by x1 & if ,i c or ought to des]ve ?is title1 ,i may let _! highnesses see1 z (t5 z x %all please !m to give me an opportunity ( discuss+ su* subjects 9 _! pres5ce ) ^? :o are mo/ e/eem$ 9 ?is k4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ?is negotiation1 ,galileo w5t to ,v5ice1 on a visit to a fri5d1 9 ! mon? ( ,april or ,may #afji4 ,"h he le>n$1 f common rum\r1 t a ,dut*man _h pres5t$ to pr9ce ,maurice ( ,nassau an optical in/rum5t1 :i* possess$ ! s+ul> prop]ty ( caus+ di/ant objects to appe> ne>] ! obs]v]4 ,?is ,dut*man 0 ,hans or ,john ,lipp]%ey1 :o1 z has be5 cle>ly prov$ by ! late ,pr(essor ,moll ( ,utre*t1#h 0 9 ! possession ( a telescope made by himself s e>ly z #b;d ,octob] #afjh4 ,a few days aft]w>ds1 ! tru? ( ?is report 0 confirm$ by a lett] :i* ,galileo receiv$ f ,james ,bador]e at ,p>is1 & he imm$iately appli$ himself to ! consid]ation ( ! subject4 ,on ! fir/ night aft] 8 return to ,padua1 he f\nd1 9 ! doctr9es ( refraction1 ! pr9ciple :i* he s\ght4 ,he plac$ at ! ends ( a lead5 tube two spectacle glasses1 bo? ( :i* 7 pla9 on "o side1 :ile "o ( !m _h its o!r side convex1 & ! o!r its second side concave1 & hav+ appli$ 8 eye to ! concave glass1 he saw objects pretty l>ge & pretty ne> him4 ,?is little in/rum5t1 :i* magnifi$ only ?ree times1 he c>ri$ 9 triumph to ,v5ice1 :]e x excit$ ! mo/ int5se int]e/4 ,cr[ds ( ! pr9cipal citiz5s flock$ to 8 h\se to see ! magical toy2 & aft] ne>ly a mon? _h be5 sp5t 9 gratify+ ?is epidemical curiosity1 ,galileo 0 l$ to und]/& f ,leon>do ,deodati1 ! ,doge ( ,v5ice1 t ! s5ate w\ld be highly gratifi$ by obta9+ possession ( s extraord9>y an in/rum5t4 ,galileo in/antly compli$ ) ! wi%es ( 8 patrons1 :o ackn[l$g$ ! pres5t by a m&ate conf]r+ ^u him = life 8 pr(essor%ip at ,padua1 & g5]\sly rais+ 8 sal>y f #ebj to #ajjj flor9s4#i #h ,on ! ,fir/ ,inv5tion ( ,telescopes4--,j\rn4 ,r4 ,in/it41 #ahca41 vol i41 p4 #dif4 #i ,viviani ,vita del' ,galileo1 p4 #fi4 ,al?\gh we _c d\bt ! v]acity ( ,galileo1 :5 he affirms t he _h nev] se5 any ( ! ,dut* telescopes1 yet x is expressly /at$ by ,fucc>ius1 t "o ( ^! in/rum5ts _h at ?is "t be5 br\ght to ,flor5ce2 & ,sirturus assures u t a ,fr5*man1 call+ himself a p>tn] ( ! ,dut* inv5tor1 came to ,milan 9 ,may #afji1 & (f]$ a telescope to ! ,c\nt de ,fu5tes4 ,9 a lett] f ,lor5zo ,pignoria to ,paolo ,gualdo1 dat$ f ,padua1 on ! #ca/ ( ,augu/ #afji1 x is expressly said1 t1 at ! re-election ( ! pr(essors1 ,galileo _h contriv$ to obta9 #ajjj flor9s = life1 :i* 0 alleg$ to be on acc\nt ( an eye-glass l ! "o :i* 0 s5t f ,fl&]s to ! ,c>d9al ,borghese4 ,9 a memoir s brief & g5]al z ! pres5t1 x w\ld be out ( place to discuss ! hi/ory ( ?is extraord9>y inv5tion4 ,we h no hesitation 9 ass]t+ t a me?od ( magnify+ di/ant objects 0 kn[n to ,bapti/a ,porta & o!rs2 b x seems to be equally c]ta9 t an in/rum5t = produc+ ^! effects 0 fir/ con/ruct$ 9 ,holl&1 & t x 0 f t k+dom t ,galileo d]iv$ ! k ( its exi/5ce4 ,9 consid]+ ! cont5d+ claims1 :i* h be5 urg$ ) all ! ard\r & p>tiality ( national feel+1 x has be5 g5]ally ov]look$1 t a s+le convex l5s1 ^: focal l5g? exce$s ! di/ance at :i* we exam9e m9ute objects1 p]=ms ! "p ( a telescope1 :5 an eye1 plac$ beh9d x1 sees di/9ctly ! inv]t$ image :i* x =ms4 ,a l5s1 tw5ty feet 9 focal l5g?1 w 9 ?is mann] magnify tw5ty times2 & x 0 by ! same pr9ciple t ,sir ,william ,h]s*el discov]$ a new satellite ( ,saturn1 by us+ only ! mirror ( 8 =ty-feet telescope4 ,! in/rum5t pres5t$ to ,pr9ce ,maurice1 & :i* ! ,m>quis ,sp9ola f\nd 9 ! %op ( ,john ,lipp]%ey1 ! spectacle mak] ( ,middleburg1 mu/ h be5 an a/ronomical telescope consi/+ ( two convex l5ses4 ,^u ?is supposition1 x diff]$ f t :i* ,galileo con/ruct$2 & ! ,italian philosoph] w be ju/ly entitl$ to ! hon\r ( hav+ inv5t$ t =m ( ! telescope :i* /ill be>s 8 "n1 :ile we mu/ accord to ! ,dut* optician ! hon\r ( hav+ previ\sly inv5t$ ! a/ronomical telescope4 ,! int]e/ :i* ! exhibition ( ! telescope excit$ at ,v5ice did n soon subside3 ,sirturi#aj describes x z am\nt+ almo/ to phr5sy4 ,:5 he himself _h succe$$ 9 mak+ "o ( ^! in/rum5ts1 he asc5d$ ! t[] ( ,/ ,m>k1 :]e he might use x )\t mole/ation4 ,he 0 recognis$1 h[ev]1 by a cr[d 9 ! /reet2 & su* 0 ! eag]ness ( _! curiosity1 t !y took possession ( ! wondr\s tube1 & deta9$ ! impati5t philosoph] = sev]al h\rs1 till !y _h successively witness$ its effects4 ,desir\s ( obta9+ ! same gratification = _! fri5ds1 !y endeav\r$ to le>n ! "n ( ! inn at :i* he lodg$2 b ,sirturi =tunately ov]he>d _! inquiries1 & quitt$ ,v5ice e>ly next morn+1 9 ord] to avoid a second visitation ( ?is new s*ool ( philosoph]s4 ,! opticians spe$ily avail$ !mselves ( ! new in/rum5t4 ,galileo's tube1--or ! d\ble eye-glass1 or ! cyl9d]1 or ! trunk1 z x 0 !n call$1 = ,demisiano _h n yet giv5 x ! appellation ( telescope1--0 manufactur$ 9 great quantities1 & 9 a v sup]ior mann]4 ,! in/rum5ts 7 pur*as$ m]ely z philosophical toys1 & 7 c>ri$ by travell]s into e corn] ( ,europe4 #aj ,de ,telescopio4 ,! art ( gr9d+ & poli%+ l5ses 0 at ?is "t v imp]fect4 ,galileo1 & ^? :om he in/ruct$1 7 alone capable ( mak+ tol]able in/rum5ts4 ,x appe>s1 f ! te/imony ( ,gass5di & ,ga]tn]1 t1 9 #afcd1 a good telescope c\ld n be procur$ 9 ,p>is1 ,v5ice1 or ,am/]dam2 & t1 ev5 9 #afcg1 !re 0 n "o 9 ,holl& :i* c\ld %ew ,jupit]'s disc well def9$4 ,aft] ,galileo _h complet$ 8 fir/ in/rum5t1 :i* magnifi$ only ?ree times1 he execut$ a l>g] & a bett] "o1 ) a p[] ( ab\t eight4 ,at l5g?1 z he himself rem>ks1 sp>+ nei!r lab\r nor exp5se1 he con/ruct$ an in/rum5t s excell5t1 t x bore a magnify+ p[] ( m ?an ?irty times4 ,! fir/ cele/ial object to :i* ,galileo appli$ 8 telescope 0 ! moon1 :i*1 to use 8 own words1 appe>$ z ne> z if x _h be5 di/ant only two semidiamet]s ( ! e>?4 ,he !n direct$ x to ! planets & ! fix$ />s1 :i* he frequ5tly obs]v$ ) incr$ible delight4#aa #aa ,incr$ibili animi jucunditate4 ,! obs]vations :i* he made ^u ! moon possess$ a high degree ( int]e/4 ,! g5]al resemblance ( its surface to t ( our own globe naturally fix$ 8 att5tion2 & he 0 soon able to trace1 9 almo/ e "p ( ! lun> disc1 ranges ( m\nta9s1 deep holl[s1 & o!r inequalities1 :i* rev]b]at$ f _! summits & m>g9s ! rays ( ! ris+ sun1 :ile ! int]v5+ holl[s 7 /ill buri$ 9 d>kness4 ,! d>k & lum9\s spaces he reg>d$ z indicat+ seas & cont95ts1 :i* reflect$1 9 diff]5t degrees1 ! incid5tal light ( ! sun2 & he ascrib$ ! phosphoresc5ce1 z x has be5 improp]ly call$1 or ! second>y light1 :i* is se5 on ! d>k limb ( ! moon 9 h] fir/ & la/ qu>t]s1 to ! reflection ( ! sun's light f ! e>?4 ,^! discov]ies 7 ill receiv$ by ! foll[]s ( ,ari/otle4 ,accord+ to _! preconceiv$ op9ions1 ! moon 0 p]fectly sph]ical1 & absolutely smoo?2 & to cov] x ) m\nta9s1 & scoop x out into valleys1 0 an act ( impiety :i* defac$ ! regul> =ms :i* ,nature h]self _h impr9t$4 ,x 0 9 va9 t ,galileo appeal$ to ! evid5ce ( obs]vation1 & to ! actual surface ( our own globe4 ,! v irregul>ities on ! moon 71 9 8 op9ion1 ! pro( ( div9e wisdom2 & _h its surface be5 absolutely smoo?1 x w\ld h be5 b a va/ unbless$ des]t1 void ( animals1 ( plants1 ( cities1 & ( m5--! abode ( sil5ce & inaction--s5seless1 lifeless1 s\lless1 & /ripp$ ( all ^? ornam5ts :i* n[ r5d] x s v>i$ & s beautiful4 ,9 exam9+ ! fix$ />s1 & comp>+ !m ) ! planets1 ,galileo obs]v$ a rem>kable diff]5ce 9 ! appe>ance ( _! discs4 ,all ! planets appe>$ ) r\nd globul> discs l ! moon2 :]eas ! fix$ />s nev] exhibit$ any disc at all1 b resembl$ lucid po9ts s5d+ =? tw9kl+ rays4 ,/>s ( all magnitudes he f\nd to h ! same appe>ance2 ^? ( ! fif? & six? magnitude hav+ ! same "*1 :5 se5 ?r\gh a telescope1 z ,sirius1 ! l>ge/ ( ! />s1 :5 se5 by ! nak$ eye4 ,^u direct+ 8 telescope to nebulae & clu/]s ( />s1 he 0 delight$ to f9d t !y consi/$ ( great numb]s ( />s :i* c\ld n be recognis$ by unassi/$ vision4 ,he c\nt$ no few] ?an =ty 9 ! clu/] call$ ! ,pleiades1 or ,sev5 ,/>s2 & he has giv5 u draw+s ( ?is con/ellation1 z well z ( ! belt & sword ( ,orion1 & ( ! nebula ( ,praesepe4 ,9 ! great nebula ( ! ,milky ,way1 he descri$ cr[ds ( m9ute />s2 & he conclud$ t ?is s+ul> portion ( ! heav5s d]iv$ its :it5ess f /ill small] />s1 :i* 8 telescope 0 unable to sep>ate4 ,important & int]e/+ z ^! discov]ies 71 !y 7 ?r[n into ! %ade by ^? to :i* he 0 l$ dur+ an accurate exam9ation ( ! planets ) a m p[]ful telescope4 ,on ! #g? ( ,janu>y #afaj1 at "o o'clock 9 ! morn+1 :5 he direct$ 8 telescope to ,jupit]1 he obs]v$ ?ree />s ne> ! body ( ! planet1 two be+ to ! ea/ & "o to ! we/ ( him4 ,!y 7 all 9 a /raight l9e1 & p>allel to ! ecliptic1 & appe>$ bright] ?an o!r />s ( ! same magnitude4 ,believ+ !m to be fix$ />s1 he paid no great att5tion to _! di/ances f ,jupit] & f "o ano!r4 ,on ! #h? ( ,janu>y1 h[ev]1 :51 f "s cause or o!r1#ab he _h be5 l$ to obs]ve ! />s aga91 he f\nd a v diff]5t arrangem5t ( !m3 all ! ?ree 7 on ! we/ side ( ,jupit]1 ne>] "o ano!r ?an be=e1 & almo/ at equal di/ances4 ,?\gh he _h n turn$ 8 att5tion to ! extraord9>y fact ( ! mutual approa* ( ! />s1 yet he began to consid] h[ ,jupit] c\ld be f\nd to ! ea/ ( ! ?ree />s1 :5 b ! day be=e he _h be5 to ! we/ ( two ( !m4 ,! only explanation :i* he c\ld give ( ?is fact 01 t ! motion ( ,jupit] 0 direct1 contr>y to a/ronomical calculations1 & t he _h got be=e ^! two />s by 8 own motion4 #ab ,nescio quo fato ductus4 ,9 ?is dilemma betwe5 ! te/imony ( 8 s5ses & ! results ( calculation1 he wait$ = ! foll[+ night ) ! utmo/ anxiety2 b 8 hopes 7 disappo9t$1 = ! heav5s 7 :olly veil$ 9 cl\ds4 ,on ! #aj?1 two only ( ! />s appe>$1 & bo? on ! ea/ ( ! planet4 ,z x 0 obvi\sly impossible t ,jupit] c\ld h advanc$ f we/ to ea/ on ! #h? ( ,janu>y1 & f ea/ to we/ on ! #aj?1 ,galileo 0 =c$ to conclude t ! ph5om5on :i* he _h obs]v$ arose f ! motion ( ! />s1 & he set himself to obs]ve dilig5tly _! *ange ( place4 ,on ! #aa?1 !re 7 /ill only two />s1 & bo? to ! ea/ ( ,jupit]2 b ! m ea/]n /> 0 n[ twice z l>ge z ! o!r "o1 ?\gh on ! prec$+ night !y _h be5 p]fectly equal4 ,?is fact ?rew a new light ^u ,galileo's difficulties1 & he imm$iately drew ! conclusion1 :i* he consid]$ to be indubitable1 t !re 7 9 ! heav5s ?ree />s :i* revolv$ r\nd ,jupit]1 9 ! same mann] z ,v5us & ,m]cury revolve r\nd ! sun4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,janu>y1 he aga9 obs]v$ !m 9 new positions1 & ( diff]5t magnitudes2 &1 on ! #ac?1 he discov]$ a f\r? />1 :i* complet$ ! f\r second>y planets ) :i* ,jupit] is surr\nd$4 ,galileo cont9u$ 8 obs]vations on ^! bodies e cle> night till ! #bb;d ( ,m>*1 & /udi$ _! motions 9 ref]5ce to fix$ />s t 7 at ! same "t )9 ! field ( 8 telescope4 ,hav+ ?us cle>ly e/abli%$ t ! f\r new />s 7 satellites or moons1 :i* revolv$ r\nd ,jupit] 9 ! same mann] z ! moon revolves r\nd our own globe1 he drew up an acc\nt ( 8 discov]y1 9 :i* he gave to ! f\r new bodies ! names ( ! ,m$icean ,/>s1 9 hon\r ( 8 patron1 ,cosmo de ,m$ici1 ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany4 ,?is "w1 "u ! title ( ,nuncius ,sid]eus1 or ! ,sid]eal ,mess5g]1 0 d$icat$ to ! same pr9ce2 & ! d$ication be>s ! date ( ! #bd? ( ,m>*1 only two days aft] he conclud$ 8 obs]vations4 ,! importance ( ?is great discov]y 0 in/antly felt by ! enemies z well z by ! fri5ds ( ! ,cop]nican sy/em4 ,! planets _h hi!rto be5 di/+ui%$ f ! fix$ />s only by _! relative *ange ( place1 b ! telescope prov$ !m to be bodies s ne> to our own globe z to exhibit well-def9$ discs1 :ile ! fix$ />s reta9$1 ev5 :5 magnifi$1 ! m9ut5ess ( remote & lucid po9ts4 ,! sy/em ( ,jupit]1 illum9at$ by f\r moons p]=m+ _! revolutions 9 diff]5t & regul> p]iods1 exhibit$ to ! pr\d reason ( man ! comp>ative insignificance ( ! globe he inhabits1 & proclaim$ 9 impressive language t t globe 0 n ! c5tre ( ! univ]se4 ,! reception :i* ^! discov]ies met ) f ,kepl] is highly int]e/+1 & *>act]i/ic ( ! g5ius ( t great man4 ,he 0 "o day sitt+ idle1 & ?9k+ ( ,galileo1 :5 8 fri5d ,wa*5fels /opp$ 8 c>riage at 8 door1 to communicate to him ! intellig5ce4 ,su* a fit ( wond]1 says he1 seiz$ me at a report :i* seem$ to be s v absurd1 & ,i 0 ?r[n into su* agitation at see+ an old dispute betwe5 u decid$ 9 ?is way1 t betwe5 8 joy1 my col\r+1 & ! laught] ( bo?1 conf\nd$ z we 7 by su* a novelty1 we 7 h>dly capable1 he ( speak+1 or ,i ( li/5+4 ,on our p>t+1 ,i imm$iately began to ?9k h[ !re c\ld be any addition to ! numb] ( ! planets )\t ov]turn+ my ',cosmographic ,my/]y1' accord+ to :i* ,euclid's five regul> solids d n all[ m ?an six planets r\nd ! sun4444 ,i am s f> f disbeliev+ ! exi/5ce ( ! f\r circumjovial planets1 t ,i long = a telescope1 to anticipate y1 if possible1 9 discov]+ two r\nd ,m>s1 z ! proportion seems to require1 six or eight r\nd ,saturn1 & p]haps "o ea* r\nd ,m]cury & ,v5us4 ,9 a v diff]5t _s did ! ,ari/otelians receive ! ,sid]eal ,mess5g] ( ,galileo4 ,! pr9cipal pr(essor ( philosophy at ,padua resi/$ ,galileo's repeat$ & urg5t entreaties to look at ! moon & planets ?r\gh 8 telescope2 & he ev5 lab\r$ to conv9ce ! ,gr& ,duke t ! satellites ( ,jupit] c\ld n possibly exi/4 ,sizzi1 an a/ronom] ( ,flor5ce1 ma9ta9$ t z !re 7 only sev5 ap]tures 9 ! head--two eyes1 two e>s1 two no/rils1 & "o m\?--& z !re 7 only sev5 metals1 & sev5 days 9 ! week1 s !re c\ld be only sev5 planets4 ,he seems1 h[ev]1 to h admitt$ ! visibility ( ! f\r satellites ?r\gh ! telescope2 b he argues1 t z !y are invisible to ! nak$ eye1 !y c ex]cise no influ5ce on ! e>?2 & be+ useless1 !y d n !re=e exi/4 ,a protege ( ,kepl]'s1 ( ! "n ( ,horky1 wrote a volume aga9/ ,galileo's discov]y1 aft] hav+ decl>$1 t he w\ld nev] conc$e 8 f\r new planets to t ,italian f ,padua1 ev5 if he %\ld die = x4 ,?is resolute ,ari/otelian 0 at no loss = argum5ts4 ,he ass]t$ t he _h exam9$ ! heav5s ?r\gh ,galileo's own glass1 & t no su* ?+ z a satellite exi/$ r\nd ,jupit]4 ,he affirm$1 t he did n m surely "k t he _h a s\l 9 8 body1 ?an t reflect$ rays are ! sole cause ( ,galileo's errone\s obs]vations2 & t ! only use ( ! new planets 0 to gratify ,galileo's ?ir/ = gold1 & af=d to himself a subject ( discussion4 ,:5 ,horky fir/ pres5t$ himself to ,kepl]1 aft] ! publication ( ?is "w1 ! op9ion ( 8 patron 0 ann\nc$ to him by a bur/ ( indignation :i* ov]:elm$ ! a/oni%$ au?or4 ,horky supplicat$ m]cy = 8 (f5ce2 &1 z ,kepl] himself in=m$ ,galileo1 he took him aga9 into fav\r1 on ! condition t ,kepl] 0 to %[ him ,jupit]'s satellites1 & t ,horky 0 n only to see !m1 b to admit _! exi/5ce4 ,:5 ! _s ( philosophy _h ?us left ! individuals :o bore s unwor?ily h] sacr$ "n1 x 0 =tunate = sci5ce t x f\nd a refuge among pr9ces4 ,not)/&+ ! reit]at$ logic ( 8 philosophical pr(essor at ,padua1 ,cosmo de ,m$ici pref]r$ ! te/imony ( 8 s5ses to ! syllogisms ( 8 in/ructor4 ,he obs]v$ ! new planets sev]al times1 along ) ,galileo1 at ,pisa2 & :5 he p>t$ ) him1 he gave him a pres5t wor? m ?an #ajjj flor9s1 & conclud$ t lib]al arrangem5t to :i* we h already ref]r$4 ,z philosoph] & pr9cipal ma!matician to ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany1 ,galileo n[ took up 8 resid5ce at ,flor5ce1 ) a sal>y ( #ajjj flor9s4 ,no (ficial duties1 except+ t ( lectur+ occasionally to sov]eign pr9ces1 7 atta*$ to ?is appo9tm5t2 & x 0 expressly /ipulat$ t he %\ld enjoy ! mo/ p]fect leisure to complete 8 treatises on ! con/itution ( ! univ]se1 on me*anics1 & on local motion4 ,! resignation ( 8 pr(essor%ip 9 ! univ]sity ( ,padua1 :i* 0 ! necess>y consequ5ce ( 8 new appo9tm5t1 creat$ mu* dissatisfaction3 b ?\gh _m ( 8 =m] fri5ds refus$ at fir/ to hold any communication ) him1 ?is excitem5t gradually subsid$2 & ! ,v5etian s5ate at la/ appreciat$ ! feel+s1 z well z ! motives1 :i* induc$ a /rang] to accept ( promotion 9 8 native l&4 ,:ile ,galileo 0 enjoy+ ! rew>d & ! fame ( 8 great discov]y1 a new species ( enmity 0 r\s$ aga9/ him4 ,simon ,may]1 an a/ronom] ( no "*1 pret5d$ t he _h discov]$ ! satellites ( ,jupit] be=e ,galileo1 & t 8 fir/ obs]vation 0 made on ! #bi? ( ,decemb]1 #afji4 ,o!r a/ronom]s ann\nc$ ! discov]y ( new satellites3 ,s*e9] reckon$ five1 ,rheita n9e1 & o!rs f\nd ev5 s _m z twelve3 ^! satellites1 h[ev]1 7 f\nd to be only fix$ />s4 ,! names ( ,vladislavian1 ,agripp9e1 ,uranodavian1 & ,f]d9&ot]tian1 :i* 7 ha/ily giv5 to ^! common telescopic />s1 soon disappe>$ f ! page ( sci5ce1 & ev5 ! spl5did telescopes ( mod]n times h n be5 able to add ano!r gem to ! diadem ( ,jupit]4 ,a mod]n a/ronom] ( no mean celebrity has1 ev5 9 ! pres5t day1 endeav\r$ to rob ,galileo ( ?is /aple article ( 8 reputation4 ,f a c>eless exam9ation ( ! pap]s ( our celebrat$ c\ntryman1 ,?omas ,h>riot1 :i* ,b>on ,za* _h made 9 #aghd1 at ,petwor?1 ! seat ( ,"l ,egremont1 ?is a/ronom] has ass]t$#ac t ,h>riot fir/ obs]v$ ! satellites ( ,jupit] on ! #af? ( ,janu>y1 #afaj2 & cont9u$ 8 obs]vations till ! #be? ( ,febru>y1 #afab4 ,b>on ,za* adds ! foll[+ extraord9>y conclusion3--,galileo pret5ds to h discov]$ !m on ! #g? ( ,janu>y1 #afaj2 s t x is n improbable t ,h>riot 0 likewise ! fir/ discov]] ( ^! att5dants ( ,jupit]4 ,9 a communication :i* ,i receiv$ f ,dr ,rob]tson1 ( ,ox=d1 9 #ahbb1ad he in=m$ me t he _h exam9$ a portion ( ,h>riot's pap]s1 entitl$1 ,de ,jovialibus ,planetis2 & t x appe>s1 f two pages ( ^! pap]s1 t ,h>riot fir/ obs]v$ ,jupit]'s satellites on ! #ag? ( ,octob]1 #afaj4 ,^! obs]vations are accompani$ ) r\gh draw+s ( ! positions ( ! satellites1 & r\gh calculations ( _! p]iodical revolutions4 ,my fri5d1 ,pr(essor ,rigaud1#ae :o has v rec5tly exam9$ ! ,h>riot ,,mss41 has confirm$ ! accuracy ( ,dr ,rob]tson's obs]vations1 & has ?us re/or$ to ,galileo ! hon\r ( be+ ! fir/ & ! sole discov]] ( ^! second>y planets4 #ac ,b]l9 ,ephem]is1 #aghh4 #ad ,ed94 ,phil4 ,j\rn4 vol4 vi4 p4 #cac4 #ae ,life & ,correspond5ce ( ,dr ,bradley1 ,ox=d1 #ahcb1 p4 #ecc1 ,see also 8 ,supplem5t4 ,ox=d1 #ahcc1 p4 #ag4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,galileo ann\nces 8 discov]ies 9 ,enigmas--,discov]s ! ,cresc5t ( ,v5us--! ,r+ ( ,saturn--! ,spots on ! ,sun--,simil> ,obs]vations made 9 ,engl& by ,h>riot--,claims ( ,fabricius & ,s*e9] to ! discov]y ( ! ,sol> ,spots--,galileo's ,lett]s to ,vels] on ! claims ( ,s*e9]--,8 resid5ce at ! ,villa ( ,salviati--,composes 8 "w on ,float+ ,bodies1 :i* involves him 9 new controv]sies4 ,! great success :i* att5d$ ! fir/ telescopic obs]vations ( ,galileo1 induc$ him to apply 8 be/ in/rum5ts to ! o!r planets ( our sy/em4 ,! attempts :i* _h be5 made to deprive him ( ! hon\r ( "s ( 8 discov]ies1 comb9$1 probably1 ) a desire to repeat 8 obs]vations ) bett] telescopes1 l$ him to ann\nce 8 discov]ies "u ! veil ( an enigma1 & to invite a/ronom]s to decl>e1 )9 a giv5 "t1 if !y _h obs]v$ any new ph5om5a 9 ! heav5s4 ,be=e ! close ( #afaj1 ,galileo excit$ ! curiosity ( a/ronom]s by ! publication ( 8 fir/ enigma4 ,kepl] & o!rs tri$ 9 va9 to deciph] x2 b 9 consequ5ce ( ! ,emp]or ,rodolph reque/+ a solution ( ! puzzle1 ,galileo s5t him ! foll[+ clue3-- ,altissimam planetam t]gem9am obs]vavi4 ,i h obs]v$ t ! mo/ remote planet is triple4 ,9 expla9+ m fully ! nature ( 8 obs]vation1 ,galileo rem>k$ t ,saturn 0 n a s+le />1 b ?ree toge!r1 ne>ly t\*+ "o ano!r4 ,he describ$ !m z hav+ no relative motion1 & z hav+ ! =m ( ?ree o's1 namely1 o,oo1 ! c5tral "o be+ l>g] ?an ^? on ea* side ( x4 ,al?\gh ,galileo _h ann\nc$ t no?+ new appe>$ 9 ! o!r planets1 yet he soon communicat$ to ! _w ano!r discov]y ( no slight int]e/4 ,! enigmatical lett]s 9 :i* x 0 conceal$ =m$ ! foll[+ s5t5ce3-- ,cyn?iae figuras aemulatur mat] ,amorum4 ,v5us rivals ! phases ( ! moon4 ,hi!rto1 ,galileo _h obs]v$ ,v5us :5 h] disc 0 l>gely illum9at$2 b hav+ direct$ 8 telescope to h] :5 %e 0 n f> remov$ f ! sun1 he saw h] 9 ! =m ( a cresc5t1 resembl+ exactly ! moon at ! same elongation4 ,he cont9u$ to obs]ve h] night aft] night1 dur+ ! :ole "t t %e c\ld be se5 9 ! c\rse ( h] revolution r\nd ! sun1 & he f\nd t %e exhibit$ ! v same phases :i* result$ f h] motion r\nd t lum9>y4 ,galileo _h long contemplat$ a visit to ! metropolis ( ,italy1 & he accord+ly c>ri$ 8 int5tions into effect 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ye> #afaa4 ,"h he 0 receiv$ ) t di/9ction :i* 0 due to 8 great tal5ts & 8 ext5d$ reputation4 ,pr9ces1 ,c>d9als1 & ,prelates ha/5$ to d him hon\r2 & ev5 ^? :o discr$it$ 8 discov]ies1 & dread$ _! results1 vi$ ) ! true fri5ds ( sci5ce 9 _! anxiety to see ! intellectual wond] ( ! age4 ,9 ord] to %[ ! new cele/ial ph5om5a to 8 fri5ds at ,rome1 ,galileo took ) him 8 be/ telescope2 & z he _h discov]$ ! spots on ! sun's surface 9 ,octob] or ,novemb] #afaj1 or ev5 e>li]1#af he _h ! gratification ( exhibit+ !m to 8 admir+ disciples4 ,he accord+ly erect$ 8 telescope 9 ! ,quir9al g>d51 belong+ to ,c>d9al ,b&9i2 & 9 ,april #afaa he %ew$ !m to 8 fri5ds 9 _m ( _! mo/ int]e/+ v>iations4 ,f _! *ange ( position on ! sun's disc1 ,galileo at fir/ inf]r$1 ei!r t ! sun revolv$ ab\t an axis1 or t o!r planets1 l ,v5us & ,m]cury1 revolv$ s ne> ! sun z to appe> l black spots :5 !y 7 opposite to 8 disc4 ,^u cont9u+ 8 obs]vations1 h[ev]1 he saw reason to ab&on ?is ha/y op9ion4 ,he f\nd t ! spots mu/ be 9 contact ) ! surface ( ! sun1--t _! figures 7 irregul>1--t !y _h diff]5t degrees ( d>kness1--t "o spot w\ld (t5 divide itself into ?ree or f\r1--t ?ree or f\r spots w\ld (t5 unite !mselves into "o1--& t all ! spots revolv$ regul>ly ) ! sun1 :i* appe>$ to complete its revolution 9 ab\t tw5ty-eight days4 #af ,pr(essor ,rigaud is ( op9ion t ,galileo _h discov]$ ! sol> spots at an e>li] p]iod ?an eighte5 mon?s be=e ,may #afab4 ,previ\s to ! inv5tion ( ! telescope1 spots _h be5 m ?an once se5 on ! sun's disc ) ! unassi/$ eye4 ,b ev5 if ^! 7 ( ! same "* z ^? :i* ,galileo & o!rs obs]v$1 we _c consid] !m z anticipations ( _! discov]y by ! telescope4 ,z ! telescope 0 n[ 9 ! possession ( sev]al a/ronom]s1 ,galileo began to h _m rivals 9 discov]y2 b not)/&+ ! claims ( ,h>riot1 ,fabricius1 & ,s*e9]1 x is n[ plac$ beyond ! rea* ( d\bt t he 0 ! fir/ discov]] ( ! sol> spots4 ,f ! communication :i* ,i receiv$ 9 #ahbb f ! late ,dr ,rob]tson1 ( ,ox=d1#ag x appe>$ t ,?omas ,h>riot _h obs]v$ ! sol> spots on ! #h? ( ,decemb] #afaj2 b 8 manuscripts1 9 ,"l ,egremont's possession1#ah inconte/ably prove t 8 regul> obs]vations on ! spots did n comm5ce till ,decemb] #a1 #afaa1 al?\gh he _h se5 ! spots at ! date above m5tion$1 & t !y 7 cont9u$ till ! #ah? ( ,janu>y #afac4 ,! obs]vations :i* he has record$ are #aii 9 numb]1 & ! acc\nts ( !m are accompani$ ) r\gh draw+s repres5t+ ! numb]1 position1 & magnitude ( ! spots4#ai ,9 ! obs]vation ( ,h>riot1 made on ! #h? ,decemb] #afaj1 be=e he knew ( ,galileo's discov]y1 he saw ?ree spots on ! sun1 :i* he has repres5t$ 9 a diagram4 ,! sun 0 !n #g deg4 or #h deg4 high1 & !re 0 a fro/ & a mi/1 :i* no d\bt act$ z a d>k5+ glass4 ,h>riot does n apply ! "n ( spots to :at he notic$ 9 ?is obs]vation1 & he does n enum]ate x among ! #aii obs]vations above m5tion$4 ,pr(essor ,rigaud#bj consid]s x a misapplication ( t]ms to call su* an obs]vation a discov]y2 b1 ) all ! respect :i* we feel = ! c&\r ( ?is rem>k1 we are dispos$ to conf] on ,h>riot ! m]it ( an orig9al discov]] ( ! spots on ! sun4 #ag ,see page #dj4 #ah ,^! int]e/+ ,,mss4 ,i h _h ! good =tune ( see+ 9 ! possession ( my mu* valu$ fri5d1 ! late ,pr(essor ,rigaud ( ,ox=d4 #ai ,ed94 ,phil4 ,j\rn4 #ahbb1 vol4 vi4 p4 #cag4 ,see ,rigaud's ,life ( ,bradley1 ,supplem5t1 p4 #ca4 #bj ,id4 ,x41 p4 #cg1 #ch4 ,ano!r c&idate = ! hon\r ( discov]+ ! spots ( ! sun1 0 ,john ,fabricius1 :o und\bt$ly saw !m previ\s to ,june #afaa4 ,! d$ication ( ! "w#ba 9 :i* he has record$ 8 obs]vation1 be>s ! date ( ! #ac? ( ,june #afaa2 & x is obvi\s1 f ! "w itself1 t he _h se5 ! spots ab\t ! end ( ! ye> #afaj2 b z !re is no pro( t he saw !m be=e ,octob]1 we are compell$ to assign ! priority ( ! discov]y to ! ,italian a/ronom]4 #ba ,joh4 ,fabricii ,phrysii de ,maculis 9 ,sole obs]vatis1 et app>5te e>um cum ,sole conv]sione1 ,n>ratio4 ,wittemb4 #afaa4 ,! claim ( ,s*e9]1 pr(essor ( ma!matics at ,+ol/adt1 is m intimately connect$ ) ! hi/ory ( ,galileo4 ,?is le>n$ a/ronom] hav+1 e>ly 9 #afaa1 turn$ 8 telescope to ! sun1 necess>ily discov]$ ! spots :i* at t "t cov]$ 8 disc4 ,light fly+ cl\ds happ5$1 at ! "t1 to weak5 ! int5sity ( 8 light1 s t he 0 able to %[ ! spots to 8 pupils4 ,^! obs]vations 7 n publi%$ till ,janu>y #afab2 & !y appe>$ 9 ! =m ( ?ree lett]s1 address$ to ,m>k ,vels]1 "o ( ! magi/rates ( ,augsburg1 "u ! signature ( ,appelles po/ ,tabulam4 ,s*e9]1 :o1 _m ye>s aft]w>ds1 publi%$ an elaborate "w on ! subject1 adopt$ ! same idea :i* _h at fir/ occurr$ to ,galileo--t ! spots 7 ! d>k sides ( planets revolv+ r\nd & ne> ! sun4#bb #bb ,x does n appe> f ! hi/ory ( sol> obs]vations at :at "t1 & by :om1 col\r$ glasses 7 fir/ introduc$ = p]mitt+ ! eye to look at ! sun ) impunity4 ,fabricius 0 obvi\sly q ignorant ( ! use ( col\r$ glasses4 ,he obs]v$ ! sun :5 he 0 9 ! horizon1 & :5 8 brilliancy 0 impair$ by ! int]position ( ?9 cl\ds & float+ vap\rs2 & he advises ^? :o may repeat 8 obs]vations to admit at fir/ to ! eye a small portion ( ! sun's light1 till x is gradually accu/om$ to its full spl5d\r4 ,:5 ! sun's altitude became consid]able1 ,fabricius gave up 8 obs]vations1 :i* he (t5 cont9u$ s long t he 0 sc>cely able1 = two days toge!r1 to see objects ) _! usual di/9ctness4 ,fabricius speaks ( obs]v+ ! sun by admitt+ 8 rays ?r\gh a small hole into a d>k room1 & receiv+ 8 image on pap]2 b he says no?+ ab\t a l5s or a telescope be+ appli$ to ! hole2 & he does n say t he saw ! spots ( ! sun 9 ?is way4 ,h>riot also view$ ! sol> spots :5 ! sun 0 ne> ! horizon1 or 0 visible ?r\gh ?ick lay] & ?9 cl\des1 or ?r\gh ?9 mi/4 ,on ,decemb] #ba1 #afaa1 at a qu>t] pa/ #b ,p4,m41 he obs]v$ ! spots :5 ! sky 0 p]fectly cle>1 b 8 sight 0 aft] dim = an h\re4 ,s*e9]1 9 8 ,appelles po/ ,tabulam1 describes f\r diff]5t ways ( view+ ! spots2 "o ( :i* is by ! int]position ( blue or gre5 glasses4 ,8 fir/ me?od 0 to obs]ve ! sun ne> ! horizon2 ! second 0 to view him ?r\gh a transp>5t cl\d2 ! ?ird 0 to look at him ?r\gh 8 telescope ) a blue or a gre5 glass ( a prop] ?ickness1 & plane on bo? sides1 or to use a ?9 blue glass :5 ! sun 0 cov]$ ) a ?9 vap\r or cl\d2 & ! f\r? me?od 0 to beg9 & obs]ve ! sun at 8 m>g91 till ! eye gradually rea*$ ! middle ( 8 disc4 ,on ! publication ( ,s*e9]'s lett]s1 ,vels] transmitt$ a copy ( !m to 8 fri5d ,galileo1 ) ! reque/ t he w\ld fav\r him ) 8 op9ion ( ! new ph5om5a4 ,aft] "s delay1 ,galileo address$ ?ree lett]s to ,vels]1 9 :i* he combat$ ! op9ions ( ,s*e9] on ! cause ( ! spots4 ,! fir/ ( ^! lett]s 0 dat$ ! #d? ( ,may #afab2bc b ?\gh ! controv]sy 0 c>ri$ on 9 ! language ( mutual respect & e/eem1 x put an end to ! fri5d%ip :i* _h exi/$ betwe5 ! two a/ronom]s4 ,9 ^! lett]s ,galileo %[$ t ! spots (t5 disp]s$ l vap\rs or cl\ds2 t !y sometimes _h a duration ( only "o or two days1 & at o!r times ( ?irty or =ty days2 t !y contract$ 9 _! bread? :5 !y approa*$ ! sun's limb1 )\t any dim9ution ( _! l5g?2 t !y describe circles p>allel to ea* o!r2 t ! mon?ly rotation ( ! sun aga9 br+s ! same spots into view2 & t !y are seldom se5 at a great] di/ance ?an #cj deg4 f ! sun's equator4 ,galileo likewise discov]$ on ! sun's disc faculae1 or luculi1 z !y 7 call$1 :i* diff] 9 no respect f ! common ones b 9 _! be+ bright] ?an ! re/ ( ! sun's surface4#bd #bc ,! orig9al ( ?is lett] is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #bd ,see ,i/oria e ,dimon/razioni1 intorno alle mac*ie sol>e4 ,roma1 #afaf4 ,see ,op]e di ,galileo1 vol1 v41 p4 #aca-bic4 ,9 ! la/ ( ! lett]s :i* our au?or address$ to ,vels]1 & :i* 0 writt5 9 ,decemb] #afab1 he recurs to 8 =m] discov]y ( ! elongat$ %ape1 or r ! triple /ructure1 ( ,saturn4 ,! s+ul> figure :i* he _h obs]v$ 9 ?is planet _h entirely disappe>$2 & he evid5tly ann\nces ! fact to ,vels]1 le/ x %\ld be us$ by 8 enemies to discr$it ! accuracy ( 8 obs]vations4 ,look+ on ,saturn1 says he1 )9 ^! few days1 ,i f\nd x solit>y1 )\t ! assi/ance ( its accu/om$ />s1 &1 9 %ort1 p]fectly r\nd & def9$ l ,jupit]2 & su* x /ill rema9s4 ,n[1 :at c be said ( s /range a metamorphosis8 ,are ! two small] />s consum$ l ! spots on ! sun8 ,h !y sudd5ly vani%$ & fl$8 or has ,saturn dev\r$ 8 own *ildr58 or 0 ! appe>ance inde$ fraud & illusion1 ) :i* ! glasses h = s long a "t mock$ me1 & s _m o!rs :o h (t5 obs]v$ ) me8 ,n[1 p]haps1 ! "t is come to revive ! )]+ hopes ( ^? :o1 guid$ by m pr(\nd contemplations1 h foll[$ all ! fallacies ( ! new obs]vations1 & recognis$ _! impossibilities4 ,i _c resolve :at to say 9 a *ance s /range1 s new1 & s unexpect$2 ! %ortness ( ! "t1 ! unexampl$ occurr5ce1 ! weakness ( my intellect1 & ! t]ror ( be+ mi/ak51 h greatly conf\nd$ me4 ,al?\gh ,galileo /ruggl$ to obta9 a solution ( ?is my/]y1 yet he _h n ! good =tune to succe$4 ,he imag9$ t ! two small] />s w\ld reappe>1 9 consequ5ce ( ! suppos$ revolution ( ! planet r\nd its axis2 b ! discov]y ( ! r+ ( ,saturn1 & ( ! obliquity ( its plane to ! ecliptic1 0 necess>y to expla9 ! ph5om5a :i* 7 s p]plex+ to our au?or4 ,! ill heal? to :i* ,galileo 0 occasionally subject1 & ! belief t ! air ( ,flor5ce 0 prejudicial to 8 compla9ts1 induc$ him to sp5d mu* ( 8 "t at ,selve1 ! villa ( 8 fri5d ,salviati4 ,?is em95t individual _h ev] be5 ! w>me/ fri5d ( ,galileo1 & seems to h delight$ 9 draw+ r\nd him ! sci5tific g5ius ( ! age4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! celebrat$ ,lyncaean ,society1 f\nd$ by ,pr9ce ,fr$]igo ,cesi2 & ?\gh he is n kn[n z ! au?or ( any important discov]y1 yet he has e>n$1 by 8 lib]ality to sci5ce1 a glori\s "n1 :i* w be indissolubly unit$ ) ! immortal de/9y ( ,galileo4 ,! subject ( float+ bridges hav+ be5 discuss$ at "o ( ! sci5tific p>ties :i* _h assembl$ at ! h\se ( ,salviati1 a diff]5ce ( op9ion arose respect+ ! influ5ce ( ! %ape ( bodies on _! disposition to float or to s9k 9 a fluid4 ,contr>y to ! g5]al op9ion1 ,galileo und]took to prove t x dep5d$ on o!r causes2 & he 0 ?us l$ to compose 8 disc\rse on float+ bodies1#be :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #afab1 & d$icat$ to ,cosmo de ,m$ici4 ,?is "w conta9s _m +5i\s exp]im5ts1 & mu* acute reason+ 9 support ( ! true pr9ciples ( hydro/atics2 & x is n[ *iefly rem>kable z a specim5 ( ! sagacity & intellectual p[] ( its au?or4 ,l all 8 o!r works1 x enc\nt]$ ! mo/ viol5t opposition2 & ,galileo 0 m ?an once summon$ into ! field to repel ! aggressions ( 8 ignorant & presumptu\s oppon5ts4 ,! fir/ attack ^u x 0 made by ,ptolemy ,nozzol9i1 9 a lett] to ,m>zem$ici1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,flor5ce2#bf & to ?is ,galileo repli$ 9 a lett] address$ to 8 antagoni/4#bg ,a m elaborate exam9ation ( x 0 publi%$ by ,lodovico delle ,colombe1 & ano!r by ,m4 ,v9c5zo di ,grazia4 ,to ^! attacks1 a m9ute & ov]:elm+ answ] 0 pr9t$ 9 ! "n ( ,b5$etti ,ca/elli1 ! fri5d & pupil ( ,galileo2 b x 0 discov]$1 "s ye>s aft] ,galileo's dea?1 t he 0 himself ! au?or ( ?is "w4#bh #be ,discorso intorno alle cose *e /anno 9 su l'acqua1 o *e 9 quella si muovono4 ,op]e di ,galileo1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #afe-caa4 #bf ,op]e di ,galileo1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #cee-cfg4 #bg ,ibid4 #cfg-cij4 #bh ,^! ?ree treatises occupy ! :ole ( ! ?ird volume ( ! ,op]e di ,galileo4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,galileo treats 8 oppon5ts ) sev]ity & s>casm--,he is aid$ by ! sceptics ( ! day--,! ,*ur* p>ty ! mo/ p[]ful--,galileo comm5ces ! attack1 & is answ]$ by ,cacc9i1 a ,dom9ican--,galileo's ,lett] to ! ,gr& ,du*ess ( ,tuscany1 9 support ( ! motion ( ! ,e>? & ! /ability ( ! ,sun--- ,galileo visits ,rome--,is summon$ be=e ! ,inquisition1 & r5\nces 8 op9ions z h]etical--,! ,inquisition d5\nces ! ,cop]nican ,sy/em--,galileo has an audi5ce ( ! ,pope1 b /ill ma9ta9s 8 op9ions 9 private society--,proposes to f9d out ! ,longitude at ,sea by means ( ,jupit]'s ,satellites--,8 negociation on ?is subject ) ! ,c\rt ( ,spa9--,its failure--,he is unable to obs]ve ! ?ree ,comets ( #afah1 b is involv$ 9 ! controv]sy to :i* !y gave rise4 ,! curr5t ( ,galileo's life _h hi!rto fl[$ 9 a smoo? & unob/ruct$ *annel4 ,he _h n[ atta9$ ! highe/ objects ( e>?ly ambition4 ,8 discov]ies _h plac$ him at ! head ( ! great m5 ( ! age2 he possess$ a pr(essional income f> beyond 8 wants1 & ev5 beyond 8 anticipations2 &1 :at is /ill de>] to a philosoph]1 he enjoy$ ! mo/ p]fect leisure = c>ry+ on & complet+ 8 discov]ies4 ,! opposition :i* ^! discov]ies enc\nt]$1 0 to him m a subject = triumph ?an = sorr[4 ,prejudice & ignorance 7 8 only enemies2 & if !y succe$$ = a :ile 9 h>ass+ 8 m>*1 x 0 only to lay a f\ndation = fre% a*ievem5ts4 ,he :o cont5ds = tru?s :i* he has himself be5 p]mitt$ to discov]1 may well su/a9 ! conflict 9 :i* presumption & error are de/9$ to fall4 ,! public tribunal may nei!r be suffici5tly pure nor enlight5$ to decide ^u ! issue2 b he c appeal to po/]ity1 & reckon ) confid5ce on its sure decree4 ,! ard\r ( ,galileo's m9d1 ! ke5ness ( 8 temp]1 8 cle> p]ception ( tru?1 & 8 inext+ui%able love ( x1 comb9$ to exasp]ate & prolong ! ho/ility ( 8 enemies4 ,:5 argum5t fail$ to enlight5 _! judgm5t1 & reason to dispel _! prejudices1 he wield$ aga9/ !m 8 p[]ful weapons ( ridicule & s>casm2 & 9 ?is unrel5t+ w>f>e1 he seems to h =gott5 t ,provid5ce _h )held f 8 enemies ^? v gifts :i* he _h s lib]ally receiv$4 ,he :o is all[$ to take ! />t ( 8 species1 & to p5etrate ! veil :i* conceals f common m9ds ! my/]ies ( nature1 mu/ n expect t ! _w w be pati5tly dragg$ at ! *>iot :eels ( 8 philosophy4 ,m9d has its in]tia z well z matt]2 & its progress to tru? c only be insur$ by ! gradual & pati5t removal ( ! ob/ructions :i* surr\nd x4 ,! boldness--may we n say ! recklessness--) :i* ,galileo insi/$ ^u mak+ proselytes ( 8 enemies1 s]v$ b to ali5ate !m f ! tru?4 ,errors ?us assail$ spe$ily entr5* !mselves 9 g5]al feel+s1 & become embalm$ 9 ! virul5ce ( ! passions4 ,! v>i\s classes ( 8 oppon5ts m>%all$ !mselves = _! mutual def5ce4 ,! ,ari/otelian pr(essors1 ! temporis+ ,jesuits1 ! political *ur*m51 & t timid b respectable body :o at all times dread innovation1 :e!r x be 9 religion or 9 sci5ce1 ent]$ into an alliance aga9/ ! philosophical tyrant :o ?reat5$ !m ) ! p5alties ( k4 ,! p>ty ( ,galileo1 ?\gh weak 9 numb]s1 0 n )\t p[] & influ5ce4 ,he _h tra9$ ar\nd him a devot$ b&1 :o idolis$ 8 g5ius & *]i%$ 8 doctr9es4 ,8 pupils _h be5 appo9t$ to sev]al ( ! pr9cipal pr(essor%ips 9 ,italy4 ,! enemies ( religion 7 on ?is occasion unit$ ) ! ,*ri/ian philosoph]2 & !re 71 ev5 9 ^! days1 _m pr9ces & nobles :o _h felt ! inconv5i5ce ( ecclesia/ical jurisdiction1 & :o secretly abett$ ,galileo 9 8 crusade aga9/ e/abli%$ errors4 ,al?\gh ^! two p>ties _h be5 long dread+ ea* o!rs p[]1 & reconnoitr+ ea* o!rs position1 yet we _c exactly det]m9e :i* ( !m hoi/$ ! fir/ signal = w>4 ,! *ur* p>ty1 p>ticul>ly its highe/ dignit>ies1 7 c]ta9ly dispos$ to re/ on ! def5sive4 ,flank$ on "o side by ! logic ( ! s*ools1 & on ! o!r by ! popul> int]pretation ( ,scripture1 & back$ by ! /rong arm ( ! civil p[]1 !y 7 n dispos$ to int]f]e ) ! prosecution ( sci5ce1 h[ev] mu* !y may h dread$ its influ5ce4 ,! philosoph]s1 on ! contr>y1 unit$ ! zeal ( innovators ) t firmness ( purpose :i* tru? alone c inspire4 ,victori\s 9 e conte/1 !y 7 flu%$ ) success1 & !y pant$ = a /ruggle 9 :i* !y knew !y mu/ triumph4 ,9 ?is /ate ( w>like prep>ation ,galileo address$ a lett]1 9 #afac1 to 8 fri5d & pupil1 ! ,abbe ,ca/elli1 ! object ( :i* 0 to prove t ! ,scriptures 7 n int5d$ to tea* u sci5ce & philosophy4 ,h5ce he inf]r$1 t ! language employ$ 9 ! sacr$ volume 9 ref]5ce to su* subjects %\ld be int]pret$ only 9 its common acceptation2 & t x 0 9 reality z difficult to reconcile ! ,ptolemaic z ! ,cop]nican sy/em to ! expressions :i* occur 9 ! ,bible4 ,a demon/ration 0 ab\t ?is "t made by ! opposite p>ty1 9 ! p]son ( ,cacc9i1 a ,dom9ican fri>1 :o made a p]sonal attack ^u ,galileo f ! pulpit4 ,?is viol5t ecclesia/ic ridicul$ ! a/ronom] & 8 foll[]s1 by address+ !m s>ca/ically 9 ! sacr$ language ( ,scripture--,ye m5 ( ,galilee1 :y /& ye "h look+ up into heav58 ,b ?is species ( w>f>e 0 disapprov$ ( ev5 by ! *ur*2 & ,luigi ,m>affi1 ! g5]al ( ! ,dom9icans1 n only apologis$ to ,galileo1 :o _h transmitt$ to him a =mal compla9t aga9/ ,cacc9i1 b express$ ! acut5ess ( 8 own feel+s on be+ implicat$ 9 ! brutal conduct ( ?irty or =ty ?\s& monks4 ,f ! "* ( ,cacc9i1 & ! "p :i* he aft]w>ds play$ 9 ! p]secution ( ,galileo1 we c sc>cely avoid ! op9ion t 8 attack f ! pulpit 0 int5d$ z a sn>e = ! unw>y philosoph]4 ,x r\s$ ,galileo f 8 wont$ caution2 & /imulat$1 no d\bt1 by ! nature ( ! answ] :i* he receiv$ f ,m>affi1 he publi%$ a long lett] ( sev5ty pages1 def5d+ & illu/rat+ 8 =m] views respect+ ! influ5ce ( scriptural language on ! two cont5d+ sy/ems4 ,z if to give ! impress ( royal au?ority to ?is new appeal1 he address$ x to ,*ri/ian1 ,gr& ,du*ess ( ,tuscany1 ! "m ( ,cosmo2 & 9 ?is =m x seems to h excit$ a new int]e/1 z if x _h express$ ! op9ion ( ! gr& ducal family4 ,^! ext]nal circum/ances gave additional weight to ! p[]ful & unansw]able reason+ :i* ?is lett] conta9s2 & x 0 sc>cely possible t any man1 possess$ ( a s\nd m9d1 & will+ to le>n ! tru?1 %\ld refuse 8 ass5t to ! judici\s views ( our au?or4 ,he expresses 8 belief t ! ,scriptures 7 design$ to in/ruct mank9d respect+ _! salvation1 & t ! faculties ( our m9ds 7 giv5 u = ! purpose ( inve/igat+ ! ph5om5a ( nature4 ,he consid]s ,scripture & nature z proce$+ f ! same div9e au?or1 &1 !re=e1 incapable ( speak+ a diff]5t language2 & he po9ts out ! absurdity ( suppos+ t pr(essors ( a/ronomy w %ut _! eyes to ! ph5om5a :i* !y discov] 9 ! heav5s1 or w refuse to believe ^? d$uctions ( reason :i* appeal to _! judgm5t ) all ! p[] ( demon/ration4 ,he supports ^! views by quotations f ! anci5t fa!rs2 & he ref]s to ! d$ication ( ,cop]nicus's own "w to ! ,roman ,pontiff1 ,paul ,,iii41 z a pro( t ! ,pope himself did n reg>d ! new sy/em ( ! _w z ho/ile to ! sacr$ writ+s4 ,cop]nicus1 on ! contr>y1 tells 8 ,hol9ess1 t ! reason ( inscrib+ to him 8 new sy/em 01 t ! au?ority ( ! ,pontiff might put to sil5ce ! calumnies ( "s individuals1 :o attack$ x by argum5ts drawn f passages ( ,scripture twi/$ = _! own purpose4 ,x 0 9 va9 to meet su* reason+ by any o!r weapons ?an ^? ( ! civil p[]4 ,! enemies ( ,galileo saw t !y mu/ ei!r cru% ! dang]\s innovation1 or all[ x ! fulle/ scope2 & !y det]m9$ ^u an appeal to ! inquisition4 ,lor9i1 a monk ( ! ,dom9ican ord]1 _h already d5\nc$ to ?is body ,galileo's lett] to ,ca/elli2 & ,cacc9i1 brib$ by ! ma/]%ip ( ! conv5t ( ,/ ,m>y ( ,m9]va1 0 invit$ to settle at ,rome = ! purpose ( embody+ ! evid5ce aga9/ ,galileo4 ,?\gh ^! plans _h be5 c>ri$ on 9 secret1 yet ,galileo's suspicions 7 excit$2 & he obta9$ leave f ,cosmo to g to ,rome ab\t ! end ( #afae4bi ,"h he 0 lodg$ 9 ! palace ( ! ,gr& ,duke's ambassador1 & kept up a con/ant correspond5ce ) ! family ( 8 patron at ,flor5ce2 b1 9 ! mid/ ( ?is ext]nal spl5d\r1 he 0 summon$ be=e ! inquisition to answ] = ! h]etical doctr9es :i* he _h publi%$4 ,he 0 *>g$ ) ma9ta9+ ! motion ( ! e>?1 & ! /ability ( ! sun--) tea*+ ?is doctr9e to 8 pupils--) correspond+ on ! subject ) sev]al ,g]man ma!maticians--& ) hav+ publi%$ x1 & attempt$ to reconcile x to ,scripture1 9 8 lett]s to ,m>k ,vels] 9 #afab4 ,! inquisition assembl$ to consid] ^! *>ges on ! #be? ( ,febru>y #afae2 & x 0 decre$ t ,galileo %\ld be enjo9$ by ,c>d9al ,bell>m9e to r5\nce ! obnoxi\s doctr9es1 & to pl$ge himself t he w\ld nei!r tea*1 def5d1 nor publi% !m 9 future4 ,9 ! ev5t ( 8 refus+ to acquiesce 9 ?is s5t5ce1 x 0 decre$ t he %\ld be ?r[n into prison4 ,galileo did n hesitate to yield to ?is injunction4 ,on ! day foll[+1 ! #bf? ( ,febru>y1 he appe>$ be=e ,c>d9al ,bell>m9e1 to r5\nce 8 h]etical op9ions2 &1 hav+ decl>$ t he ab&on$ ! doctr9e ( ! e>?'s motion1 & w\ld nei!r def5d nor tea* x1 9 8 conv]sation or 9 8 writ+s1 he 0 dismiss$ f ! b> ( ! inquisition4 #bi ,x is said t ,galileo 0 cit$ to appe> at ,rome on ?is occasion2 & ! op9ion is n )\t f\ndation4 ,hav+ ?us dispos$ ( ,galileo1 ! inquisition conceiv$ ! design ( condemn+ ! :ole sy/em ( ,cop]nicus z h]etical4 ,galileo1 ) m h>dihood ?an prud5ce1 rema9$ at ,rome = ! purpose ( giv+ 8 assi/ance 9 fru/rat+ ?is plan2 b !re is reason to ?9k t he injur$ by 8 pres5ce ! v cause :i* he meant to support4 ,! inquisitors _h det]m9$ to put d[n ! new op9ions2 & !y n[ ins]t$ among ! prohibit$ books ,galileo's lett]s to ,ca/elli & ! ,gr& ,du*ess1 ,kepl]'s epitome ( ! ,cop]nican !ory1 & ,cop]nicus's own "w on ! revolutions ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,not)/&+ ^! proce$+s1 ,galileo _h an audi5ce ( ! ,pope1 ,paul ,v41 9 ,m>* #afaf4 ,he 0 receiv$ v graci\sly1 & sp5t ne>ly an h\r ) 8 ,hol9ess4 ,:5 !y 7 ab\t to "p1 ! ,pope assur$ ,galileo1 t ! congregation 7 n dispos$ to receive ^u light gr\nds any calumnies :i* might be propagat$ by 8 enemies1 & t1 z long z he occupi$ ! papal *air1 he might consid] himself z safe4 ,^! assurances 7 no d\bt f\nd$ on ! belief t ,galileo w\ld adh]e to 8 pl$ges2 b s bold & inconsid]ate 0 he 9 ! expression ( 8 op9ions1 t ev5 9 ,rome he 0 cont9ually engag$ 9 controv]sial discussions4 ,! foll[+ v int]e/+ acc\nt ( ^! disputes is giv5 by ,qu]5ghi1 9 a lett] to ! ,c>d9al ,d',e/e3-- ,y\r em95ce w\ld be delight$ ) ,galileo if y he>d him hold+ =?1 z he (t5 does1 9 ! mid/ ( fifte5 or tw5ty1 all viol5tly attack+ him1 sometimes 9 "o h\se1 sometimes 9 ano!r4 ,b he is arm$ aft] su* fa%ion t he laughs all ( !m to scorn2 & ev5 if ! novelty ( 8 op9ions prev5ts entire p]suasion1 he at lea/ convicts ( empt9ess mo/ ( ! argum5ts ) :i* 8 adv]s>ies endeav\r to ov]:elm him4 ,he 0 p>ticul>ly admirable on ,monday la/ 9 ! h\se ( ,signor ,fr$]ico ,ghisili]i2 & :at especially pleas$ me 01 t be=e reply+ to ! contr>y argum5ts1 he amplifi$ & en=c$ !m ) new gr\nds ( great plausibility1 s z to leave 8 adv]s>ies 9 a m ridicul\s plight1 :5 he aft]w>ds ov]turn$ !m all4 ,! discov]y ( ,jupit]'s satellites sugge/$ to ,galileo a new me?od ( f9d+ ! longitude at sea4 ,philip ,,iii4 _h enc\rag$ a/ronom]s to direct _! att5tion to ?is problem1 by (f]+ a rew>d = its solution2 & 9 ^? days1 :5 new discov]ies 9 sci5ce 7 sometimes reject$ z injuri\s to mank9d1 x 0 no common ev5t to see a p[]ful sov]eign c\rt+ ! assi/ance ( a/ronom]s 9 promot+ ! comm]cial int]e/s ( 8 empire4 ,galileo seems to h reg>d$ ! solution ( ?is problem z an object wor?y ( 8 ambition2 & he no d\bt anticipat$ ! triumph :i* he w\ld obta9 ov] 8 enemies1 if ! ,m$icean />s1 :i* !y _h treat$ ) su* contempt1 c\ld be made subs]vi5t to ! great int]e/s ( mank9d4 ,dur+ 8 resid5ce at ,rome 9 #afae & #afaf1 ,galileo _h communicat$ 8 views on ?is subject to ! ,comte di ,lemos1 ! ,vic]oy ( ,naples1 :o _h presid$ ov] ! c\ncil ( ! ,spani% ,indies4 ,?is nobleman advis$ him to apply to ! ,spani% m9i/] ! ,duke ( ,l]ma2 &1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! ,gr& ,duke ,cosmo1 8 ambassador at ! c\rt ( ,madrid 0 engag$ to manage ! affair4 ,! anxiety ( ,galileo on ?is subject 0 s+ul>ly great4 ,he assur$ ! ,tuscan ambassador t1 9 ord] to accompli% ?is object1 he 0 ready to leave all 8 com=ts1 8 c\ntry1 8 fri5ds1 & 8 family1 to cross ov] into ,spa91 & to /ay z long z he might be want$ at ,seville or at ,lisbon1 or :]ev] x might be conv5i5t to communicate a k ( 8 me?od4 ,! le?>gy ( ! ,spani% c\rt seems to h increas$ ) ! en?usiasm ( ,galileo2 & ?\gh ! negotiations 7 occasionally reviv$ = t5 or twelve ye>s1 yet no /eps 7 tak5 to br+ !m to a close4 ,?is /range procra/9ation has be5 g5]ally ascrib$ to jeal\sy or indiff]5ce on ! "p ( ,spa92 b ,nelli1 "o ( ,galileo's biograph]s1 decl>es1 on ! au?ority ( ,flor5t9e records1 t ,cosmo _h privately reque/$ f ! gov]nm5t ! privilege ( s5d+ annually to ! ,spani% ,indies two ,leghorn m]*antm5 free ( duty1 z a comp5sation = ! loss ( ,galileo6 ,! failure ( ?is negotiation mu/ h be5 a s\rce ( extreme mortification to ! high _s & sangu9e temp]am5t ( ,galileo4 ,he _h calculat$1 h[ev]1 too securely on 8 means ( putt+ ! new me?od to a successful trial4 ,! great imp]fection ( ! "t-keep]s ( t day1 & ! want ( prop] telescopes1 w\ld h baffl$ him 9 all 8 ef=ts1 & he w\ld h be5 subject to a m s]i\s mortification f ! failure & rejection ( 8 plan1 ?an t :i* he actually exp]i5c$ f ! av>ice ( 8 patron1 or ! indiff]5ce ( ,spa94 ,ev5 9 ! pres5t day1 no telescope has be5 inv5t$ :i* is capable ( obs]v+ at sea ! eclipses ( ,jupit]'s satellites2 & ?\gh ?is me?od ( f9d+ ! longitude has great advantages on %ore1 yet x has be5 completely ab&on$ at sea1 & sup]s$$ by easi] & m correct me?ods4 ,9 ! ye> #afah1 :5 no few] ?an ?ree comets visit$ our sy/em1 & attract$ ! att5tion ( all ! a/ronom]s ( ,europe1 ,galileo 0 un=tunately conf9$ to 8 b$ by a sev]e illness2 b1 ?\gh he 0 unable to make a s+le obs]vation ^u ^! rem>kable bodies1 he contriv$ to involve himself 9 ! controv]sies :i* !y occasion$4 ,m>co ,guiducci1 an a/ronom] ( ,flor5ce1 & a fri5d ( ,galileo1 _h deliv]$ a disc\rse on comets be=e ! ,flor5t9e ,academy4 ,! heads ( ?is disc\rse1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #afai1cj 7 suppos$ to h be5 communicat$ to him by ,galileo1 & ?is seems to h be5 univ]sally admitt$ dur+ ! controv]sy to :i* x gave rise4 ,! op9ion ma9ta9$ 9 ?is treatise1 t comets are no?+ b meteors :i* occasionally appe> 9 our atmosph]e1 l halos & ra9b[s1 sav\rs s little ( ! sagacity ( ,galileo t we %\ld be dispos$ to "q its pat]nity4 ,8 inability to p>take 9 ! g5]al int]e/ :i* ^! ?ree comets excit$1 & to employ 8 p[]ful telescope 9 obs]v+ _! ph5om5a1 & _! movem5ts1 might h _h "s slight %>e 9 ! =mation ( an op9ion :i* depriv$ !m ( _! importance z cele/ial bodies4 ,b1 h[ev] ?is may h be51 ! treatise ( ,guiducci af=d$ a fav\rable po9t ( attack to ,galileo's enemies1 & ! dang]\s task 0 entru/$ to ,horatio ,grassi1 a le>n$ ,jesuit1 :o1 9 a "w entitl$ ,! ,a/ronomical & ,philosophical ,balance1 criticis$ ! disc\rse on comets1 "u ! feign$ "n ( ,lot>io ,s>si4 #cj ,discorso delle ,comete4 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,op]e di ,galileo1 vol4 vi41 pp4 #aag-aia4 ,galileo repli$ to ?is attack 9 a volume entitl$ ,il ,saggiatore1 or ,! ,assay]1 :i*1 ow+ to ! /ate ( 8 heal?1 0 n publi%$ till ! autumn ( #afbc4ca ,?is "w 0 writt5 9 ! =m ( a lett] to ,virg9io ,ces>9i1 a memb] ( ! ,lyncaean ,academy1 & ma/] ( ! *amb] to ,urban ,,viii41 :o _h j asc5d$ ! papal ?rone4 ,x 0 d$icat$ to ! ,pontiff himself1 & has be5 long celebrat$ among lit]>y m5 = ! beauty ( its language1 ?\gh x is d\btless "o ( ! lea/ important ( ,galileo's writ+s4 #ca ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,op]e di ,galileo1 vol4 vi41 pp4 #aia-ega4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,urban ,,viii41 ,galileo's fri5d1 rais$ to ! ,pontificate--,galileo goes to ,rome to (f] 8 congratulations--,! ,pope loads ,galileo ) pres5ts1 & promises a ,p5sion to 8 ,son--,galileo 9 pecuni>y difficulties1 ow+ to ! dea? ( 8 patron1 ,cosmo--,galileo aga9 ra%ly attacks ! ,*ur*1 not)/&+ ! ,pope's k9dness--,he composes 8 ,sy/em ( ! ,_w1 to demon/rate ! ,cop]nican ,sy/em--,artfully obta9s a lic5se to pr9t x--,nature ( ! "w--,its influ5ce on ! public m9d--,! ,pope resolves on suppress+ x--,galileo summon$ be=e ! ,inquisition--,8 ,trial--,8 ,def5ce--,8 =mal abjuration ( 8 op9ions--,obs]vations on 8 conduct--,! ,pope %ews great indulg5ce to ,galileo1 :o is all[$ to return to 8 own h\se at ,arcetri1 z ! place ( 8 conf9em5t4 ,! succession ( ! ,c>d9al ,maffeo ,b>b]9i to ! papal ?rone1 "u ! "n ( ,urban ,,viii41 0 hail$ by ,galileo & 8 fri5ds z an ev5t fav\rable to ! promotion ( sci5ce4 ,urban _h n only be5 ! p]sonal fri5d ( ,galileo & ( ,pr9ce ,cesi1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,lyncaean ,academy1 b _h be5 intimately connect$ ) t able & lib]al association2 & x 0 !re=e deem$ prud5t to secure 8 fav\r & atta*m5t4 ,if ,paul ,,iii4 _h1 ne>ly a c5tury be=e1 patronis$ ,cop]nicus1 & accept$ ( ! d$ication ( 8 great "w1 x 0 n unreasonable to expect t1 9 m enlight5$ times1 ano!r ,pontiff might exhibit ! same lib]ality to sci5ce4 ,! plan ( secur+ to ,galileo ! patronage ( ,urban ,,viii4 seems to h be5 devis$ by ,pr9ce ,cesi4 ,al?\gh ,galileo _h n be5 able = "s ye>s to travel1 except+ 9 a litt]1 yet he 0 urg$ by ! ,pr9ce to p]=m a j\rney to ,rome1 = ! express purpose ( congratulat+ 8 fri5d ^u 8 elevation to ! papal *air4 ,?is reque/ 0 made 9 ,octob] #afbc2 & ?\gh ,galileo's heal? 0 n su* z to au?orise him to und]go s mu* fatigue1 yet he felt ! importance ( ! advice1 &1 aft] visit+ ,cesi at ,acqua ,sp>ta1 he arriv$ at ,rome 9 ! spr+ ( #afbd4 ,! reception :i* he "h exp]i5c$ f> exce$$ 8 mo/ sangu9e expectations4 ,dur+ ! two mon?s :i* he sp5t 9 ! capital he 0 p]mitt$ to h no few] ?an six long & gratify+ audi5ces ( ! ,pope4 ,! k9dness ( 8 ,hol9ess 0 ( ! mo/ m>k$ description4 ,he n only load$ ,galileo ) pres5ts1#cb & promis$ him a p5sion = 8 son ,v9c5zo1 b he wrote a lett] to ,f]d9&1 :o _h j succe$$ ,cosmo z ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany1 recomm5d+ ,galileo to 8 p>ticul> patronage4 ,= we f9d 9 him1 says he1 n only lit]>y di/9ction1 b ! love ( piety2 & he is /rong 9 ^? qualities by :i* ,pontifical good-w is easily obta9$4 ,& n[1 :5 he has be5 br\ght to ?is city to congratulate u on our elevation1 we h v lov+ly embrac$ him2 nor c we suff] him to return to ! c\ntry :i!r y\r lib]ality recalls him1 )\t an ample provision ( ,pontifical love4 ,& t y may "k h[ de> he is to u1 we h will$ to give him ?is hon\rable te/imonial ( virtue & piety4 ,& we fur!r signify1 t e b5efit :i* y %all conf] ^u him1 imitat+ or ev5 surpass+ y\r fa!r's lib]ality1 w conduce to our gratification4 #cb ,a f9e pa9t+ 9 gold1 & a silv] m$al1 & a good quantity ( agnus dei4 ,n cont5t ) ?us secur+ ! fri5d%ip ( ! ,pope1 ,galileo endeav\r$ to bespeak ! good-w ( ! ,c>d9als t[>ds ! ,cop]nican sy/em4 ,he _h1 accord+ly1 _m int]views ) sev]al ( ^! dignit>ies2 & he 0 assur$1 by ,c>d9al ,hoh5zoll]1 t 9 a repres5tation :i* he _h made to ! ,pope on ! subject ( ,cop]nicus1 he /at$ to 8 ,hol9ess1 t z all ! h]etics consid]$ t sy/em z und\bt$1 x w\ld be necess>y to be v circumspect 9 com+ to any resolution on ! subject4 ,to ?is rem>k 8 ,hol9ess repli$--t ! *ur* _h n condemn$ ?is sy/em2 & t x %\ld n be condemn$ z h]etical1 b only z ra%2 & he add$1 t !re 0 no fe> ( any p]son und]tak+ to prove t x mu/ necess>ily be true4 ,! rec5t appo9tm5t ( ! ,abbe ,ca/elli1 ! fri5d & pupil ( ,galileo1 to be ma!matician to ! ,pope1 0 an ev5t ( a mo/ gratify+ nature2 & :5 we recollect t x 0 to ,ca/elli t he address$ ! fam\s lett] :i* 0 pron\nc$ h]etical by ! ,inquisition1 we mu/ reg>d x also z an ev5t indicative ( a new & fav\rable feel+ t[>ds ! fri5ds ( sci5ce4 ,! op9ions ( ,urban1 inde$1 _h suff]$ no *ange4 ,he 0 "o ( ! few ,c>d9als :o _h oppos$ ! inquisitorial decree ( #afaf1 & 8 subsequ5t demean\r 0 9 e respect con=mable to ! lib]ality ( 8 e>ly views4 ,! s9c]ity ( 8 conduct 0 /ill fur!r ev9c$ by ! grant ( a p5sion ( "o hundr$ cr[ns to ,galileo1 a few ye>s aft] 8 visit to ,rome2 ?\gh !re is reason to ?9k t ?is all[ance 0 n regul>ly paid4 ,! dea? ( ,cosmo1 ^: lib]ality _h giv5 him bo? afflu5ce & leisure1 ?reat5$ ,galileo ) pecuni>y difficulties4 ,he _h be5 involv$ 9 a great load ( debt1 ow+ to ! circum/ances ( 8 bro!r's family2 &1 9 ord] to relieve himself1 he _h reque/$ ,ca/elli to dispose ( ! p5sion ( 8 son ,v9c5zo4 ,9 addition to ?is calamity he 0 n[ al>m$ at ! prospect ( los+ 8 sal>y z an extraord9>y pr(essor at ,pisa4 ,! great y\? ( ,f]d9&1 :o 0 sc>cely ( age1 induc$ ,galileo's enemies1 9 #afbi1 to raise d\bts respect+ ! paym5t ( a sal>y to a pr(essor :o nei!r resid$ nor lectur$ 9 ! univ]sity2 b ! "q 0 decid$ 9 8 fav\r1 & we h no d\bt t ! decision 0 facilitat$ by ! fri5dly recomm5dation ( ! ,pope1 to :i* we h already ref]r$4 ,al?\gh ,galileo _h made a n>r[ escape f ! grasp ( ! ,inquisition1 yet he 0 nev] suffici5tly s5sible ( ! l5ity :i* he exp]i5c$4 ,:5 he left ,rome 9 #afaf1 "u ! solemn pl$ge ( nev] aga9 tea*+ ! obnoxi\s doctr9e1 x 0 ) a ho/ility aga9/ ! *ur*1 suppress$ b deeply *]i%$2 & 8 resolution to propagate ! h]esy seems to h be5 coeval ) ! v[ by :i* he r5\nc$ x4 ,9 ! ye> #afah1 :5 he communicat$ 8 !ory ( ! tides to ! ,ar*duke ,leopold1 he alludes 9 ! mo/ s>ca/ic mann] to ! conduct ( ! *ur*4 ,! same ho/ile tone1 m or less1 p]vad$ all 8 writ+s1 &1 :ile he lab\r$ to %>p5 ! edge ( 8 satire1 he endeav\r$ to gu>d himself aga9/ its effects1 by an affectation ( ! humble/ def]5ce to ! decisions ( !ology4 ,_h ,galileo /ood alone1 8 devotion to sci5ce might h )drawn him f s hopeless a conte/2 b he 0 spurr$ on by ! viol5ce ( a p>ty4 ,! ,lyncaean ,academy nev] scrupl$ to summon him f 8 rese>*es4 ,!y plac$ him 9 ! =lorn hope ( _! combat1 & he at la/ fell a victim to ! ra%ness ( 8 fri5ds4 ,b :atev] all[ance we may make = ! ard\r ( ,galileo's temp]1 & ! peculi>ity ( 8 position2 & h[ev] we may ju/ify & ev5 approve ( 8 pa/ conduct1 8 visit to ,urban ,,viii41 9 #afbd1 plac$ him 9 a new relation to ! *ur*1 :i* dem&$ on 8 "p a new & correspond+ demean\r4 ,! noble & g5]\s reception :i* he met ) f ,urban1 & ! lib]al decl>ation ( ,c>d9al ,hoh5zoll] on ! subject ( ! ,cop]nican sy/em1 %\ld h be5 reg>d$ z expressions ( regret = ! pa/1 & (f]s ( conciliation = ! future4 ,?us hon\r$ by ! head ( ! *ur*1 & befri5d$ by its dignit>ies1 ,galileo mu/ h felt himself secure aga9/ ! indignities ( its less] function>ies1 & 9 ! possession ( ! fulle/ lic5se to prosecute 8 rese>*es & publi% 8 discov]ies1 provid$ he avoid$ t dogma ( ! *ur* :i*1 ev5 9 ! pres5t day1 x has n v5tur$ to r5\nce4 ,b ,galileo 0 b\nd to ! ,romi% hi]>*y by ev5 /rong] ties4 ,8 son & himself 7 p5sion]s ( ! *ur*1 &1 hav+ accept$ ( its alms1 !y ow$ to x1 at lea/1 a dec5t & respectful allegiance4 ,! p5sion ?us giv5 by ,urban 0 n a remun]ation :i* sov]eigns sometimes aw>d to ! s]vices ( _! subjects4 ,galileo 0 a =eign] at ,rome4 ,! sov]eign ( ! papal /ate ow$ him no obligation2 & h5ce we mu/ reg>d ! p5sion ( ,galileo z a donation f ! ,roman ,pontiff to sci5ce itself1 & z a decl>ation to ! ,*ri/ian _w t religion 0 n jeal\s ( philosophy1 & t ! *ur* ( ,rome 0 will+ to respect & fo/] ev5 ! g5ius ( its enemies4 ,galileo view$ all ^! circum/ances 9 a diff]5t light4 ,he resolv$ to compose a "w 9 :i* ! ,cop]nican sy/em %\ld be demon/rat$2 b he _h n ! c\rage to d ?is 9 a direct & op5 mann]4 ,he adopt$ ! plan ( discuss+ ! subject 9 a dialogue betwe5 ?ree speak]s1 9 ! hope ( elud+ by ?is artifice ! c5sure ( ! *ur*4 ,?is "w 0 complet$ 9 #afcj1 b1 ow+ to "s difficulties 9 obta9+ a lic5se to pr9t x1 x 0 n publi%$ till #afcb4 ,9 obta9+ ?is lic5se1 ,galileo exhibit$ consid]able address1 & 8 memory has n escap$ f ! imputation ( hav+ act$ unfairly1 & ( hav+ involv$ 8 p]sonal fri5ds 9 ! consequ5ces ( 8 imprud5ce4 ,! situation ( ma/] ( ! palace 01 =tunately = ,galileo's designs1 fill$ by ,nicolo ,ricc>di1 a fri5d & pupil ( 8 own4 ,?is (fic] 0 a sort ( c5sor ( new publications1 & :5 he 0 appli$ to on ! subject ( pr9t+ 8 "w1 ,galileo soon f\nd t attempts _h previ\sly be5 made to ?w>t 8 views4 ,he in/antly set (f = ,rome1 & _h an int]view ) 8 fri5d1 :o 0 9 e respect anxi\s to oblige him4 ,ricc>di exam9$ ! manuscript1 po9t$ out "s incauti\s expressions :i* he consid]$ x necess>y to erase1 & return$ x ) 8 writt5 approbation1 on ! und]/&+ t ! alt]ations he sugge/$ w\ld be made4 ,dread+ to rema9 9 ,rome dur+ ! unheal?y season1 :i* 0 fa/ approa*+1 ,galileo return$ to ,flor5ce1 ) ! int5tion ( complet+ ! index & d$ication1 & ( s5d+ ! ,,ms4 to ,rome1 to be pr9t$ "u ! c>e ( ,pr9ce ,cesi4 ,! dea? ( t di/+ui%$ individual1 9 ,augu/ #afcj1 fru/rat$ ,galileo's plan1 & he appli$ = leave to h ! book pr9t$ 9 ,flor5ce4 ,ricc>di 0 at fir/ desir\s to exam9e ! ,,ms4 aga91 b1 aft] inspect+ only ! beg9n+ & ! end ( x1 he gave ,galileo leave to pr9t x :]ev] he *ose1 provid+ x bore ! lic5se ( ! ,inquisitor-,g5]al ( ,flor5ce1 & "o or two o!r p]sons :om he nam$4 ,hav+ ov]come all ^! difficulties1 ,galileo's "w 0 publi%$ 9 #afcb1 "u ! title ( ,! ,sy/em ( ! ,_w ( ,galileo ,galilei1 c41 9 :i*1 9 f\r dialogues conc]n+ ! two pr9cipal sy/ems ( ! _w--! ,ptolemaic & ! ,cop]nican--he discusses1 indet]m9ately & firmly1 ! argum5ts propos$ on bo? sides4 ,x is d$icat$ to ,f]d9&1 ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany1 & is prefac$ by an ,address to ! prud5t read]1 :i* is itself *>act]is$ by ! utmo/ imprud5ce4 ,he ref]s to ! decree ( ! ,inquisition 9 ! mo/ insult+ & ironical language4 ,he attributes x to passion & to ignorance1 n by direct ass]tion1 b by ins9uations ascrib$ to o!rs2 & he ann\nces 8 int5tion to def5d ! ,cop]nican sy/em1 z a pure ma!matical hypo!sis1 & n z an op9ion hav+ an advantage ov] t ( ! /ability ( ! e>? absolutely4 ,! dialogue is conduct$ by ?ree p]sons1 ,salviati1 ,sagr$o1 & ,simplicio4 ,salviati1 :o is ! true philosoph] 9 ! dialogue1 0 ! real "n ( a nobleman :om we h already _h occasion to m5tion4 ,sagr$o1 ! "n ( ano!r noble fri5d ( ,galileo's1 p]=ms a second>y "p "u ,salviati4 ,he proposes d\bts1 sugge/s difficulties1 & enliv5s ! gravity ( ! dialogue ) 8 wit & pleasantry4 ,simplicio is a resolute foll[] ( ,ptolemy & ,ari/otle1 &1 ) a prop] degree ( c&\r & mode/y1 he br+s =w>d all ! common argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ! ,ptolemaic sy/em4 ,betwe5 ! wit ( ,sagr$o1 & ! p[]ful philosophy ( ,salviati1 ! p]ipatetic sage is baffl$ 9 e discussion2 & !re c be no d\bt t ,galileo aim$ a m fatal bl[ at ! ,ptolemaic sy/em by ?is mode ( discuss+ x1 ?an if he _h endeav\r$ to ov]turn x by direct argum5ts4 ,! influ5ce ( ?is "w on ! public m9d 0 su* z might h be5 anticipat$4 ,! obnoxi\s doctr9es :i* x upheld 7 eag]ly receiv$1 & widely dissem9at$2 & ! *ur* ( ,rome became s5sible ( ! %ock :i* 0 ?us giv5 to its intellectual supremacy4 ,pope ,urban ,,viii41 atta*$ ?\gh he _h be5 to ,galileo1 nev] once hesitat$ respect+ ! l9e ( conduct :i* he felt himself b\nd to pursue4 ,8 m9d 01 nev]!less1 agitat$ ) conflict+ s5tim5ts4 ,he ent]ta9$ a s9c]e affection = sci5ce & lit]ature1 & yet he 0 plac$ 9 ! position ( _! enemy4 ,he _h be5 ! p]sonal fri5d ( ,galileo1 & yet 8 duty compell$ him to become 8 accus]4 ,emb>rass+ z ^! feel+s 71 o!r consid]ations contribut$ to soo! him4 ,he _h1 9 8 capacity ( a ,c>d9al1 oppos$ ! fir/ p]secution ( ,galileo4 ,he _h1 s9ce 8 elevation to ! pontificate1 trac$ an op5 pa? = ! m>* ( ,galileo's discov]ies2 & he _h f9ally endeav\r$ to b9d ! recusant philosoph] by ! *a9s ( k9dness & gratitude4 ,all ^! means1 h[ev]1 _h prov$ abortive1 & he 0 n[ call$ ^u to support ! doctr9e :i* he _h subscrib$1 & adm9i/] ! law ( :i* he 0 ! gu>dian4 ,x has be5 suppos$1 )\t any satisfactory evid5ce1 t ,urban may h be5 influ5c$ by less cr$itable motives4 ,salviati & ,sagr$o be+ well-kn[n p]sonages1 x 0 inf]r$ t ,simplicio mu/ also h a repres5tative4 ,! enemies ( ,galileo are said to h conv9c$ 8 ,hol9ess t ,simplicio 0 int5d$ z a portraiture ( himself2 & ?is op9ion receiv$ "s probability f ! fact1 t ! p]ipatetic disputant _h employ$ _m ( ! argum5ts :i* ,urban _h himself us$ 9 8 discussions ) ,galileo4 ,! late/ biograph] ( ,galileo#cc reg>ds ?is motive z necess>y to acc\nt = ! o!rwise inexplicable *ange :i* took place 9 ! conduct ( ,urban to 8 old fri5d2--b we _c admit ! tru? ( ?is supposition4 ,! *ur* _h be5 plac$ 9 ho/ility to a p[]ful & lib]al p>ty1 :i* 0 adv]se to its int]e/s4 ,! dogmas ( ! ,ca?olic fai? _h be5 br\ght into direct collision ) ! d$uctions ( sci5ce4 ,! lead] ( ! philosophic b& _h brok5 ! mo/ solemn armi/ice ) ! ,inquisition3 he _h r5\nc$ ! ties ( gratitude :i* b\nd him to ! ,pontiff2 & ,urban 0 ?us compell$ to entr5* himself 9 a position to :i* he _h be5 driv5 by 8 oppon5ts4 #cc ,libr>y ( ,useful ,k1 ,life ( ,galileo1 *ap4 viii4 ,! design ( summon+ ,galileo be=e ! ,inquisition1 seems to h be5 =m$ almo/ imm$iately aft] ! publication ( 8 book2 = ev5 9 ,augu/ #afcb1 ! prelim9>y proce$+s _h rea*$ ! e>s ( ! ,gr& ,duke ,f]d9&4 ,! ,tuscan ambassador at ,rome 0 spe$ily acqua9t$ ) ! dissatisfaction :i* 8 ,sov]eign felt at ^! proce$+s2 & he 0 in/ruct$ to =w>d to ,flor5ce a writt5 /atem5t ( ! *>ges aga9/ ,galileo1 9 ord] to enable him to prep>e = 8 def5ce4 ,al?\gh ?is reque/ 0 d5i$1 ,f]d9& aga9 int]pos$1 & transmitt$ a lett] to 8 ambassador1 recomm5d+ ! admission ( ,campanella & ,ca/elli into ! congregation ( ecclesia/ics by :om ,galileo 0 to be judg$4 ,circum/ances1 h[ev]1 r5d]$ x prud5t to )hold ?is lett]4 ,ca/elli 0 s5t away f ,rome1 & ,scipio ,*i>amonte1 a bigott$ ecclesia/ic1 0 summon$ f ,pisa to complete ! numb] ( ! judges4 ,x appe>s f a despat* ( ! ,tuscan m9i/]1 t ,f]d9& 0 enrag$ at ! transaction2 & he in/ruct$ 8 ambassador1 ,niccol9i1 to make ! /ronge/ repres5tations to ! ,pope4 ,niccol9i _h sev]al int]views ) 8 ,hol9ess2 b all 8 expo/ulations 7 fruitless4 ,he f\nd ,urban highly inc5s$ aga9/ ,galileo2 & 8 ,hol9ess begg$ ,niccol9i to advise ! ,ar*duke n to int]f]e any f>!r1 z he w\ld n get ?r\gh x ) hon\r4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,septemb] ! ,pope caus$ x to be intimat$ to ,niccol9i1 z a m>k ( 8 especial e/eem = ! ,gr& ,duke1 t he 0 oblig$ to ref] ! "w to ! ,inquisition2 b bo? ! pr9ce & 8 ambassador 7 decl>$ liable to ! usual c5sures if !y divulg$ ! secret4 ,f ! measures :i* ?is tribunal _h =m]ly pursu$1 x 0 n difficult to =esee ! result ( _! pres5t delib]ations4 ,!y summon$ ,galileo to appe> be=e !m at ,rome1 to answ] 9 p]son ! *>ges "u :i* he lay4 ,! ,tuscan ambassador expo/ulat$ w>mly ) ! c\rt ( ,rome on ! inhumanity ( ?is proce$+4 ,he urg$ 8 advanc$ age1 8 infirm heal?1 ! discom=ts ( ! j\rney1 & ! mis]ies ( ! qu>ant9e1#cd z motives = reconsid]+ _! decision3 ,b ! ,pope 0 inexorable1 & ?\gh x 0 agre$ to relax ! qu>ant9e z mu* z possible 9 8 fav\r1 yet x 0 decl>$ indisp5sable t he %\ld appe> 9 p]son be=e ! ,inquisition4 #cd ,! communication betwe5 ,flor5ce & ,rome 0 at ?is "t int]rupt$ by a contagi\s disease :i* _h brok5 out 9 ,tuscany4 ,worn out ) age & infirmities1 & exhau/$ ) ! fatigues ( 8 j\rney1 ,galileo arriv$ at ,rome on ! #ad? ( ,febru>y1 #afcc4 ,! ,tuscan ambassador ann\nc$ 8 arrival 9 an (ficial =m to ! commiss>y ( ! holy (fice1 & ,galileo await$ 9 calm dignity ! approa* ( 8 trial4 ,among ^? :o pr(f]$ _! advice 9 ?is di/ress+ em]g5cy1 we mu/ enum]ate ! ,c>d9al ,b>b]9o1 ! ,pope's nephew1 :o1 ?\gh he may h felt ! necessity ( an int]f]5ce on ! "p ( ! *ur*1 0 yet desir\s t x %\ld be effect$ ) ! lea/ injury to ,galileo & to sci5ce4 ,he accord+ly visit$ ,galileo1 & advis$ him to rema9 z mu* at home z possible1 to keep alo( f g5]al society1 & to see only 8 mo/ intimate fri5ds4 ,! same advice 0 giv5 f diff]5t qu>t]s2 & ,galileo1 feel+ its propriety1 rema9$ 9 /rict seclusion 9 ! palace ( ! ,tuscan ambassador4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ! trial :i* _h n[ comm5c$1 ,galileo 0 treat$ ) ! mo/ m>k$ indulg5ce4 ,abhorr+1 z we mu/ d1 ! pr9ciples & practice ( ?is odi\s tribunal1 & reprobat+ its int]f]5ce ) ! cauti\s d$uctions ( sci5ce1 we mu/ yet admit t1 on ?is occasion1 its delib]ations 7 n dictat$ by passion1 nor its p[] direct$ by v5geance4 ,?\gh plac$ at _! judgm5t-seat z a h]etic1 ,galileo /ood !re ) ! recognis$ attributes ( a sage2 & ?\gh an (f5d] aga9/ ! laws ( :i* !y 7 ! gu>dian1 yet ! highe/ respect 0 yield$ to 8 g5ius1 & ! k9de/ commis]ation to 8 infirmities4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,april1 :5 8 exam9ation 9 p]son 0 to comm5ce1 x became necess>y t he %\ld be remov$ to ! holy (fice2 b in/ead ( committ+ him1 z 0 ! practice1 to solit>y conf9em5t1 he 0 provid$ ) ap>tm5ts 9 ! h\se ( ! fiscal ( ! ,inquisition4 ,8 table 0 provid$ by ! ,tuscan ambassador1 & 8 s]vant 0 all[$ to att5d him at 8 pleasure1 & to sleep 9 an adjo9+ ap>tm5t4 ,ev5 ?is nom9al conf9em5t1 h[ev]1 ,galileo's high _s 0 unable to brook4 ,an attack ( ! disease to :i* he 0 con/itutionally subject contribut$ to fret & irritate him1 & he became impati5t = a release f 8 anxiety z well z f 8 bondage4 ,c>d9al ,b>b]9o seems to h receiv$ notice ( ! /ate ( ,galileo's feel+s1 &1 ) a magnanimity :i* po/]ity w ev] hon\r1 he lib]at$ ! philosoph] on 8 own responsibility2 & 9 t5 days aft] 8 fir/ exam9ation1 & on ! la/ day ( ,april1 he 0 re/or$ to ! hospitable ro( ( ! ,tuscan ambassador4 ,?\gh ?is fav\r 0 grant$ on ! condition ( 8 rema9+ 9 /rict seclusion1 ,galileo recov]$ 8 heal?1 & to a c]ta9 degree 8 usual hil>ity1 amid ! k9d att5tions ( ,niccol9i & 8 family2 & :5 ! want ( ex]cise _h begun to produce symptoms ( indisposition1 ! ,tuscan m9i/] obta9$ = him leave to g into ! public g>d5s 9 a half-clos$ c>riage4 ,aft] ! ,inquisition _h exam9$ ,galileo p]sonally1 !y all[$ him a reasonable "t = prep>+ 8 def5ce4 ,he felt ! difficulty ( adduc+ any ?+ l a plausible ju/ification ( 8 conduct2 & he resort$ to an +5i\s1 ?\gh a %all[ artifice1 :i* 0 reg>d$ by ! c\rt z an aggravation ( ! crime4 ,aft] 8 fir/ appe>ance be=e ! ,inquisition 9 #afaf1 he 0 publicly & falsely *>g$ by 8 enemies ) hav+ !n abjur$ 8 op9ions2 & he 0 taunt$ z a crim9al :o _h be5 actually puni%$ = 8 (f5ces4 ,z a refutation ( ^! calumnies1 ,c>d9al ,bell>m9e _h giv5 him a c]tificate 9 8 own h&writ+1 decl>+ t he nei!r abjur$ 8 op9ions1 nor suff]$ puni%m5t = !m2 & t ! doctr9e ( ! e>?'s motion1 & ! sun's /ability1 0 only d5\nc$ to him z contr>y to ,scripture1 & z "o :i* c\ld n be def5d$4 ,to ?is c]tificate ! ,c>d9al did n add1 because he 0 n call$ ^u to d x1 t ,galileo 0 enjo9$ n to tea* 9 any mann] ! doctr9e ?us d5\nc$2 & ,galileo +5i\sly avails himself ( ?is suppos$ omission1 to acc\nt = 8 hav+1 9 ! lapse ( f\rte5 or sixte5 ye>s1 =gott5 ! injunction4 ,he assign$ ! same excuse = 8 hav+ omitt$ to m5tion ?is injunction to ,ricc>di1 & to ! ,inquisitor-,g5]al at ,flor5ce1 :5 he obta9$ ! lic5ce to pr9t 8 ,dialogues4 ,! c\rt held ! production ( ?is c]tificate to be at once a pro( & an aggravation ( 8 (f5ce1 because ! c]tificate itself decl>$ t ! obnoxi\s doctr9es _h be5 pron\nc$ contr>y to ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,hav+ duly weigh$ ! confessions & excuses ( _! prison]1 & consid]$ ! g5]al m]its ( ! case1 ! ,inquisition came to an agreem5t ^u ! s5t5ce :i* !y 7 to pron\nce1 & appo9t$ ! #bb;d ( ,june z ! day on :i* x 0 to be deliv]$4 ,two days previ\s to ?is1 ,galileo 0 summon$ to appe> at ! holy (fice2 & on ! morn+ ( ! #ba/1 he obey$ ! summons4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,june he 0 clo!d 9 a p5it5tial dress1 & conduct$ to ! conv5t ( ,m9]va1 :]e ! ,inquisition 0 assembl$ to give judgm5t4 ,a long & elaborate s5t5ce 0 pron\nc$1 detail+ ! =m] proce$+s ( ! ,inquisition1 & specify+ ! (f5ces :i* he _h committ$ 9 tea*+ h]etical doctr9es1 9 violat+ 8 =m] pl$ges1 & 9 obta9+ by improp] means a lic5se = ! pr9t+ ( 8 ,dialogues4 ,aft] an invocation ( ! "n ( our ,savi\r1 & ( ! ,holy ,virg91 ,galileo is decl>$ to h br\ght himself "u /rong suspicions ( h]esy1 & to h incurr$ all ! c5sures & p5alties :i* are enjo9$ aga9/ del9qu5ts ( ?is k9d2 b f all ^! consequ5ces he is to be held absolv$1 provid$ t ) a s9c]e he>t1 & a fai? unfeign$1 he abjures & curses ! h]esies he has *]i%$1 z well z e o!r h]esy aga9/ ! ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,9 ord] t 8 (f5ce might n g altoge!r unpuni%$1 t he might be m cauti\s 9 future1 & be a w>n+ to o!rs to ab/a9 f simil> del9qu5cies1 x 0 also decre$ t 8 ,dialogues %\ld be prohibit$ by public edict2 t he himself %\ld be condemn$ to ! prison ( ! ,inquisition dur+ _! pleasure1 & t1 9 ! c\rse ( ! next ?ree ye>s1 he %\ld recite once a week ! sev5 p5it5tial psalms4 ,! c]emony ( ,galileo's abjuration 0 "o ( excit+ int]e/1 & ( awful =mality4 ,clo!d 9 ! sackclo? ( a rep5tant crim9al1 ! v5]able sage fell ^u 8 knees be=e ! assembl$ ,c>d9als2 & lay+ 8 h&s ^u ! ,holy ,evangeli/s1 he invok$ ! ,div9e aid 9 abjur+ & dete/+1 & v[+ nev] aga9 to tea*1 ! doctr9e ( ! e>?'s motion1 & ( ! sun's /ability4 ,he pl$g$ himself t he w\ld nev] aga91 ei!r 9 words or 9 writ+1 propagate su* h]esies2 & he swore t he w\ld fulfil & obs]ve ! p5ances :i* _h be5 inflict$ ^u him4#ce ,at ! conclusion ( ?is c]emony1 9 :i* he recit$ 8 abjuration ^w = ^w1 & !n sign$ x1 he 0 convey$1 9 con=mity ) 8 s5t5ce1 to ! prison ( ! ,inquisition4 #ce ,x has be5 said1 b ^u :at au?ority we _c /ate1 t :5 ,galileo rose f 8 knees1 he /amp$ on ! gr\nd1 & said 9 a :isp] to "o ( 8 fri5ds1 ,e pur si muove4 ,x does move1 ?\gh4--,life ( ,galileo1 ,lib4 ,useful ,k1 "p ii4 p4 #fc4 ,! acc\nt :i* we h n[ giv5 ( ! trial & ! s5t5ce ( ,galileo1 is pregnant ) ! deepe/ int]e/ & in/ruction4 ,human nature is "h drawn 9 its d>ke/ col\r+2 & 9 survey+ ! melan*oly picture1 x is difficult to decide :e!r religion or philosophy has be5 mo/ degrad$4 ,:ile we witness ! presumptu\s prie/ pron\nc+ infallible ! decrees ( 8 own err+ judgm5t1 we see ! high-m9d$ philosoph] abjur+ ! et]nal & immutable tru?s :i* he _h himself ! glory ( e/abli%+4 ,9 ! ignorance & prejudices ( ! age--9 a too lit]al int]pretation ( ! language ( ,scripture--9 a mi/ak5 respect = ! errors t _h become v5]able f _! antiquity--& 9 ! peculi> position :i* ,galileo _h tak5 among ! av[$ enemies ( ! *ur*1 we may f9d ! elem5ts ( an apology1 poor ?\gh x be1 = ! conduct ( ! ,inquisition4 ,b :at excuse c we devise = ! humiliat+ confession & abjuration ( ,galileo8 ,:y did ?is ma/]-_s ( ! age--?is high-prie/ ( ! />s--?is repres5tative ( sci5ce--?is ho>y sage1 ^: c>e] ( glory 0 ne> its consummation--:y did he reject ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom :i* he _h himself covet$1 & :i*1 plait$ ) immortal laurels1 0 ab\t to desc5d ^u 8 head8 ,if1 9 place ( disav[+ ! laws ( ,nature1 & surr5d]+ 9 8 own p]son ! intellectual dignity ( 8 species1 he _h boldly ass]t$ ! tru? ( 8 op9ions1 & confid$ 8 "* to po/]ity1 & 8 cause to an all-rul+ ,provid5ce1 he w\ld h /rung up ! hair-susp5d$ sabre1 & dis>m$ = ev] ! ho/ility :i* ?reat5$ to ov]:elm him4 ,! philosoph]1 h[ev]1 0 support$ only by philosophy2 & 9 ! love ( tru? he f\nd a mis]able sub/itute = ! hopes ( ! m>tyr4 ,galileo c[]$ "u ! fe> ( man1 & 8 submission 0 ! salvation ( ! *ur*4 ,! sword ( ! ,inquisition desc5d$ on 8 pro/rate neck2 & ?\gh its /roke 0 n physical1 yet x fell ) a moral influ5ce fatal to ! "* ( its victim1 & to ! dignity ( sci5ce4 ,9 /udy+ ) att5tion ?is portion ( sci5tific hi/ory1 ! read] w n fail to p]ceive t ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 0 driv5 into a dilemma1 f :i* ! submission & abjuration ( ,galileo c\ld alone extricate x4 ,he :o confesses a crime & d5\nces its atrocity1 n only sanctions b inflicts ! puni%m5t :i* is annex$ to x4 ,_h ,galileo decl>$ 8 innoc5ce1 & av[$ 8 s5tim5ts1 & _h he appeal$ to ! pa/ conduct ( ! ,*ur* itself1 to ! ackn[l$g$ op9ions ( its dignit>ies1 & ev5 to ! acts ( its pontiffs1 he w\ld h at once conf\nd$ 8 accus]s1 & escap$ f _! toils4 ,aft] ,cop]nicus1 himself a ca?olic prie/1 _h op5ly ma9ta9$ ! motion ( ! e>?1 & ! /ability ( ! sun3--aft] he _h d$icat$ ! "w :i* advocat$ ^! op9ions to ,pope ,paul ,,iii41 on ! express gr\nd t ! au?ority ( ! pontiff might sil5ce ! calumnies ( ^? :o attack$ ^! op9ions by argum5ts drawn f ,scripture3--aft] ! ,c>d9al ,s*onb]g & ! ,bi%op ( ,culm _h urg$ ,cop]nicus to publi% ! new doctr9es2--& aft] ! ,bi%op ( ,ermel& _h erect$ a monum5t to commemorate 8 great discov]ies2--h[ c\ld ! ,*ur* ( ,rome h appeal$ to its pontifical decrees z ! gr\nd ( p]secut+ & puni%+ ,galileo8 ,ev5 9 lat] times1 ! same doctr9es _h be5 propagat$ ) entire tol]ation3 ,nay1 9 ! v ye> ( ,galileo's fir/ p]secution1 ,paul ,an?ony ,fosc>9us1 a le>n$ ,c>melite monk1 wrote a pamphlet1 9 :i* he illu/rates & def5ds ! mobility ( ! e>?1 & endeav\rs to reconcile to ?is new doctr9e ! passages ( ,scripture :i* _h be5 employ$ to subv]t x4 ,?is v s+ul> production 0 dat$ f ! ,c>melite conv5t at ,naples2 0 d$icat$ to ! v rev]5d ,seba/ian ,fantoni1 g5]al ( ! ,c>melite ord]2 &1 sanction$ by ! ecclesia/ical au?orities1 x 0 publi%$ at ,naples 9 #afae1 ! v ye> ( ! fir/ p]secution ( ,galileo4 ,nor 0 ?is ! only def5ce ( ! ,cop]nican sy/em :i* issu$ f ! bosom ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?omas ,campanella1 a ,calabrian monk1 publi%$1 9 #afbb1 ,an ,apology = ,galileo1 & he ev5 d$icates x to ,d4 ,boniface1 ,c>d9al ( ,cajeta4 ,nay1 x appe>s f ! d$ication1 t he und]took ! "w at ! comm& ( ! ,c>d9al1 & t ! exam9ation ( ! "q _h be5 entru/$ to ! ,c>d9al by ! ,holy ,s5ate4 ,aft] an able def5ce ( 8 fri5d1 ,campanella ref]s1 at ! conclusion ( 8 apology1 to ! suppression ( ,galileo's writ+s1 & ju/ly obs]ves1 t ! effect ( su* a measure w\ld be to make !m m g5]ally read1 & m highly e/eem$4 ,! boldness ( ! apologi/1 h[ev]1 is wisely temp]$ ) ! humility ( ! ecclesia/ic1 & he concludes 8 "w ) ! decl>ation1 t 9 all 8 op9ions1 :e!r writt5 or to be writt51 he submits himself to ! op9ions ( ! ,holy ,"m ,*ur* ( ,rome & to ! judgm5t ( 8 sup]iors4 ,by ^! proce$+s ( ! dignit>ies1 z well z ! cl]gy ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 :i* _h be5 tol]at$ = m ?an a c5tury1 ! decrees ( ! pontiffs aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ! e>?'s motion 7 virtually repeal$2 & ,galileo might h plead$ !m ) success 9 arre/ ( judgm5t4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 = himself & = sci5ce1 he act$ o!rwise4 ,by admitt+ _! au?ority1 he reviv$ 9 fre% =ce ^! obsolete & obnoxi\s enactm5ts2 &1 by yield+ to _! p[]1 he rivet$ = ano!r c5tury ! almo/ brok5 *a9s ( spiritual despotism4 ,x is a curi\s fact 9 ! annals ( h]esy & s$ition1 t op9ions ma9ta9$ ) impunity by "o individual1 h1 9 ! same age1 br\ght o!rs to ! /ake or to ! scaffold4 ,! results ( deep rese>* or extravagant speculation seldom provoke ho/ility1 :5 meekly ann\nc$ z ! d$uctions ( reason or ! convictions ( consci5ce4 ,z ! dreams ( a recluse or ( an en?usia/1 !y may excite pity or call =? contempt2 b1 l se$ quietly ca/ into ! e>?1 !y w rot & g]m9ate accord+ to ! vitality ) :i* !y are end[$4 ,b1 if new & />tl+ op9ions are ?r[n 9 ! face ( ! community--if !y are utt]$ 9 triumph or 9 insult--9 contempt ( public op9ion1 or 9 d]ision ( *]i%$ errors1 !y lose ! comel9ess ( tru? 9 ! ranc\r ( _! propagation2 & !y are l se$ scatt]$ 9 a hurricane1 :i* only irritates & bl9ds ! husb&man4 ,_h ,galileo conclud$ 8 ,sy/em ( ! ,_w ) ! quiet p]oration ( 8 apologi/ ,campanella1 & d$icat$ x to ! ,pope1 x might h /ood 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,vatican1 beside ! *]i%$ ?\gh equally h]etical volume ( ,cop]nicus4 ,9 ! abjuration ( 8 op9ions by ,galileo1 ,pope ,urban ,,vii4 did n fail to obs]ve ! full ext5t ( 8 triumph2 & he exhibit$ ! utmo/ sagacity 9 ! means :i* he employ$ to secure x4 ,:ile he endeav\r$ to ov]awe ! enemies ( ! *ur* by ! =mal promulgation ( ,galileo's s5t5ce & abjuration1 & by puni%+ ! (ficials :o _h assi/$ 9 obta9+ ! lic5se to pr9t 8 "w1 he treat$ ,galileo ) ! utmo/ l5ity1 & yield$ to e reque/ t 0 made to dim9i%1 & almo/ susp5d1 ! con/ra9t "u :i* he lay4 ,! s5t5ce ( abjuration 0 ord]$ to be publicly read at sev]al univ]sities4 ,at ,flor5ce ! c]emonial 0 p]=m$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,croce1 & ! fri5ds & disciples ( ,galileo 7 especially summon$ to witness ! public degradation ( _! ma/]4 ,! inquisitor at ,flor5ce 0 ord]$ to be reprim&$ = 8 conduct2 & ,ricc>di1 ! ma/] ( ! sacr$ palace1 & ,ciampoli1 ! secret>y ( ,pope ,urban himself1 7 dismiss$ f _! situations4 ,galileo _h rema9$ only f\r days 9 ! prison ( ! ,inquisition1 :51 on ! application ( ,niccol9i1 ! ,tuscan ambassador1 he 0 all[$ to reside ) him 9 8 palace4 ,z ,flor5ce /ill suff]$ "u ! contagi\s disease :i* we h already m5tion$1 x 0 propos$ t ,si5na %\ld be ! place ( ,galileo's conf9em5t1 & t 8 resid5ce %\ld be 9 "o ( ! conv5ts ( t city4 ,niccol9i1 h[ev]1 recomm5d$ ! palace ( ! ,ar*bi%op ,piccolomoni z a m suitable resid5ce2 & ?\gh ! ,ar*bi%op 0 "o ( ,galileo's be/ fri5ds1 ! ,pope agre$ to ! arrangem5t1 & 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,july ,galileo quitt$ ,rome = ,si5na4 ,aft] hav+ sp5t ne>ly six mon?s "u ! hospitable ro( ( 8 fri5d1 ) no o!r re/ra9t ?an t ( be+ conf9$ to ! limits ( ! palace1 ,galileo 0 p]mitt$ to return to 8 villa ne> ,flor5ce "u ! same re/rictions2 & z ! contagi\s disease _h disappe>$ 9 ,tuscany1 he 0 able 9 ! mon? ( ,decemb] to re-ent] 8 own h\se at ,arcetri1 :]e he sp5t ! rema9d] ( 8 days4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,galileo loses 8 fav\rite ,daught]--,he falls into a /ate ( melan*oly & ill heal?--,is all[$ to g to ,flor5ce = its recov]y 9 #afch--;,b is prev5t$ f leav+ 8 ,h\se or receiv+ 8 ,fri5ds--,8 fri5d ,ca/elli p]mitt$ to visit him 9 ! pres5ce ( an ,(fic] ( ! ,inquisition--,he composes 8 celebrat$ ,dialogues on ,local ,motion--,discov]s ! ,moon's ,libration--,loses ! sight ( "o ,eye--,! o!r ,eye attack$ by ! same ,disease--,is /ruck bl9d--,negociates ) ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t respect+ 8 ,me?od ( f9d+ ! ,longitude--,he is all[$ free int]c\rse ) 8 ,fri5ds--,8 ,illness & ,dea? 9 #afdb--;,8 ,epitaph--,8 ,social1 ,moral1 & ,sci5tific ,"*4 ,al?\gh ,galileo _h n[ ! happ9ess ( rejo9+ 8 family "u _! pat]nal ro(1 yet1 l all sublun>y bless+s1 x 0 b ( %ort duration4 ,8 fav\rite daught] ,m>ia1 :o along ) h] si/] _h jo9$ ! conv5t ( ,/ ,mat!w 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,arcetri1 _h look$ =w>d to ! arrival ( h] fa!r ) ! mo/ affectionate anticipations4 ,%e hop$ t h] filial devotion might =m "s comp5sation = ! malignity ( 8 enemies1 & %e eag]ly assum$ ! lab\r ( recit+ weekly ! sev5 p5it5ti>y psalms :i* =m$ "p ( h] fa!r's s5t5ce4 ,^! sacr$ duties1 h[ev]1 7 de/9$ to t]m9ate almo/ at ! mom5t !y 7 begun4 ,%e 0 seiz$ ) a fatal illness 9 ! same mon? 9 :i* %e rejo9$ h] p>5t1 & be=e ! mon? ( ,april %e 0 no m4 ,?is heavy bl[1 s sudd5ly /ruck1 ov]:elm$ ,galileo 9 ! deepe/ agony4 ,ow+ to ! decl9e ( 8 heal?1 & ! recurr5ce ( 8 old compla9ts1 he 0 unable to oppose to ?is m5tal suff]+ ! con/itutional en]gy ( 8 m9d4 ,! bulw>ks ( 8 he>t broke d[n1 & a flood ( grief desolat$ 8 manly & p[]ful m9d4 ,he felt1 z he express$ x1 t he 0 incessantly call$ by 8 daught]--8 pulse int]mitt$--8 he>t 0 agitat$ ) unceas+ palpitations--8 appetite entirely left him1 & he consid]$ 8 dissolution s ne> at h&1 t he w\ld n p]mit 8 son ,vic5zo to set out ^u a j\rney :i* he _h contemplat$4 ,f ?is /ate ( melan*oly & indisposition1 ,galileo sl[ly1 ?\gh p>tially1 recov]$1 &1 ) ! view ( obta9+ m$ical assi/ance1 he reque/$ leave to g to ,flor5ce4 ,8 enemies1 h[ev]1 refus$ ?is application1 & he 0 giv5 to und]/& t any additional importunities w\ld be visit$ ) a m vigilant surveillance4 ,he rema9$1 !re=e1 five ye>s at ,arcetri1 f #afcd to #afch1 )\t any remission ( 8 conf9em5t1 & pursu+ 8 /udies "u ! influ5ce ( a cont9u$ & g5]al indisposition4 ,!re is no reason to ?9k t ,galileo or 8 fri5ds r5ew$ _! application to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome2 b1 9 #afch1 ! ,pope transmitt$1 ?r\gh ! ,inquisitor ,f>iano1 8 p]mission t he might remove to ,flor5ce = ! recov]y ( 8 heal?1 on ! condition t he %\ld pres5t himself at ! (fice ( ! ,inquisitor to le>n ! t]ms ^u :i* ?is indulg5ce 0 grant$4 ,galileo accept$ ( ! k9dness ?us unexpect$ly pr(f]$4 ,b ! conditions ^u :i* x 0 giv5 7 m sev]e ?an he expect$4 ,he 0 prohibit$ f leav+ 8 h\se or admitt+ 8 fri5ds2 & s /]nly 0 ?is sy/em pursu$1 t he requir$ a special ord] = att5d+ mass dur+ passion week4 ,! sev]ity ( ?is ord] 0 ke5ly felt by ,galileo4 ,:ile he rema9$ at ,arcetri1 8 seclusion f ! _w w\ld h be5 an object ( *oice1 if x _h n be5 ! decree ( a tribunal2 b to be deb>r$ f ! conv]sation ( 8 fri5ds 9 ,flor5ce--9 t city :]e 8 g5ius _h be5 idolis$1 & :]e 8 fame _h become immortal1 0 an aggravation ( puni%m5t :i* he 0 unable to be>4 ,) 8 accu/om$ k9dness1 ! ,gr& ,duke made a /rong repres5tation on ! subject to 8 ambassador at ! ,c\rt ( ,rome4 ,he /at$ t1 f 8 great age & infirmities1 ,galileo's c>e] 0 ne> its close2 t he possess$ _m valuable ideas1 :i* ! _w might lose if !y 7 n matur$ & convey$ to 8 fri5ds2 & t ,galileo 0 anxi\s to make ^! communications to ,fa!r ,ca/elli1 :o 0 !n a /ip5di>y ( ! ,c\rt ( ,rome4 ,! ,gr& ,duke comm&$ 8 ambassador to see ,ca/elli on ! subject--to urge him to obta9 leave f ! ,pope to sp5d a few mon?s 9 ,flor5ce--& to supply him ) money & e ?+ t 0 necess>y = 8 j\rney4 ,influ5c$ by ?is k9d & lib]al message1 ,ca/elli obta9$ an audi5ce ( ! ,pope1 & reque/$ leave to pay a visit to ,flor5ce4 ,urban in/antly suspect$ ! object ( 8 j\rney2 &1 ^u ,ca/elli's ackn[l$g+ t he c\ld n possibly refra9 f see+ ,galileo1 he receiv$ p]mission to visit him 9 ! company ( an (fic] ( ! ,inquisition4 ,ca/elli accord+ly w5t to ,flor5ce1 &1 a few mon?s aft]w>ds1 ,galileo 0 ord]$ to return to ,arcetri4 ,dur+ ,galileo's conf9em5t at ,si5na & ,arcetri1 betwe5 #afcc & #afch1 8 "t 0 pr9cipally occupi$ 9 ! composition ( 8 ,dialogues on ,local ,motion1 9 :i* he treats ( ! /r5g? & cohesion ( solid bodies1 ( ! laws ( uni=m & accel]at$ motions1 ( ! motion ( projectiles1 & ( ! c5tre ( gravity ( solids4 ,?is rem>kable "w1 :i* 0 consid]$ by its au?or z ! be/ ( 8 productions1 0 pr9t$ by ,l\is ,elzevir1 at ,am/]dam1 & d$icat$ to ! ,c\nt de ,noailles1 ! ,fr5* ambassador at ,rome4 ,v>i\s attempts to h x pr9t$ 9 ,g]many _h fail$2 &1 9 ord] to save himself f ! malignity ( 8 enemies1 he 0 oblig$ to pret5d t ! edition publi%$ 9 ,holl& _h be5 pr9t$ f a ,,ms4 entru/$ to ! ,fr5* ambassador4 ,al?\gh ,galileo _h = a long "t ab&on$ 8 a/ronomical /udies1 yet 8 att5tion 0 direct$1 ab\t ! ye> #afcf1 to a curi\s appe>ance 9 ! lun> disc1 :i* is kn[n by ! "n ( ! moon's libration4 ,:5 we exam9e ) a telescope ! outl9e ( ! moon1 we obs]ve t c]ta9 p>ts ( h] disc1 :i* are se5 at "o "t1 are invisible at ano!r4 ,?is *ange or libration is ( f\r diff]5t k9ds1 viz4 ! diurnal libration1 ! libration 9 longitude1 ! libration 9 latitude1 & ! sph]oidal libration4 ,galileo discov]$ ! fir/ ( ^! k9ds ( libration1 & appe>s to h _h "s k ( ! second2 b ! ?ird 0 discov]$ by ,hevelius1 & ! f\r? by ,lagrange4 ,?is curi\s discov]y 0 ! result ( ! la/ telescopic obs]vations ( ,galileo4 ,al?\gh 8 "r eye _h = "s ye>s lo/ its p[]1 yet 8 g5]al vision 0 suffici5tly p]fect to enable him to c>ry on 8 usual rese>*es4 ,9 #afcf1 h[ev]1 ?is affection ( 8 eye became m s]i\s2 &1 9 #afcg1 8 left eye 0 attack$ ) ! same disease4 ,8 m$ical fri5ds at fir/ suppos$ t cat>acts 7 =m$ 9 ! cry/all9e l5s1 & anticipat$ a cure f ! op]ation ( c\*+4 ,^! hopes 7 fallaci\s4 ,! disease turn$ out to be 9 ! cornea1 & e attempt to re/ore its transp>5cy 0 fruitless4 ,9 a few mon?s ! :ite cl\d cov]$ ! :ole ap]ture ( ! pupil1 & ,galileo became totally bl9d4 ,?is sudd5 & unexpect$ calamity _h almo/ ov]:elm$ ,galileo & 8 fri5ds4 ,9 writ+ to a correspond5t he exclaims1 ,alas6 y\r de> fri5d & s]vant has become totally & irrep>ably bl9d4 ,^! heav5s1 ?is e>?1 ?is univ]se1 :i* by wond]ful obs]vation ,i _h enl>g$ a ?\s& times beyond ! belief ( pa/ ages1 are h5ce=? %runk into ! n>r[ space :i* ,i myself occupy4 ,s x pleases ,god2 x %all1 !re=e1 please me also4 ,8 fri5d1 ,fa!r ,ca/elli1 deplores ! calamity 9 ! same tone ( pa!tic sublimity3--,! noble/ eye1 says he1 :i* nature ev] made1 is d>k5$2 an eye s privileg$1 & gift$ ) su* r>e p[]s1 t x may truly be said to h se5 m ?an ! eyes ( all t are gone1 & to h op5$ ! eyes ( all t are to come4 ,al?\gh ,galileo _h be5 ?w>t$ 9 8 attempt to introduce into ! ,spani% m>9e 8 new me?od ( f9d+ ! longitude at sea1 yet he nev] lo/ sight ( an object to :i* he atta*$ ! highe/ importance4 ,z ! =mation ( correct tables ( ! motion ( ,jupit]'s satellites 0 a necess>y prelim9>y to its introduction1 he _h occupi$ himself = tw5ty-f\r ye>s 9 obs]vations = ?is purpose1 & he _h made consid]able progress 9 ?is labori\s task4 ,aft] ! publication ( 8 ,dialogues on ,motion1 9 #afcf1 he r5ew$ 8 attempts to br+ 8 me?od into actual use4 ,= ?is purpose he address$ himself to ,lor5zo ,real1 :o _h be5 ! ,dut* ,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,india1 & (f]$ ! free use ( 8 me?od to ! ,/ates-,g5]al ( ,holl&4#cf ,! ,dut* gov]nm5t receiv$ ?is proposal ) an anxi\s desire to h x c>ri$ into effect4 ,at ! in/igation ( ,con/ant9e ,huyg5s1 ! fa!r ( ! illu/ri\s ,huyg5s1 & ! secret>y to ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange1 !y appo9t$ commission]s to communicate ) ,galileo2 & :ile !y transmitt$ him a gold *a9 z a m>k ( _! e/eem1 !y at ! same "t assur$ him1 t if 8 plan %\ld prove successful x %\ld n pass unrew>d$4 ,! commission]s ent]$ into an active correspond5ce ) ,galileo1 & _h ev5 appo9t$ "o ( _! numb] to communicate p]sonally ) him 9 ,italy4 ,le/ ?is1 h[ev]1 %\ld excite ! jeal\sy ( ! c\rt ( ,rome1 ,galileo object$ to ! arrangem5t1 s t ! negociation 0 c>ri$ on solely by correspond5ce4 #cf ,x is a curi\s fact t ,mor9 _h ab\t ?is "t propos$ to det]m9e ! longitude by ! moon's di/ance f a fix$ />1 & t ! commission]s assembl$ 9 ,p>is to exam9e x reque/$ ,galileo's op9ion ( its value & practicability4 ,galileo's op9ion 0 highly unfav\rable4 ,he saw cle>ly1 & expla9$ di/9ctly1 ! objection to ,mor9's me?od1 aris+ f ! imp]fection ( ! lun> tables1 & ! inadequacy ( a/ronomical in/rum5ts2 b he seem$ n to be consci\s t ! v same objections appli$ ) ev5 great] =ce to 8 own me?od1 :i* has s9ce be5 supplant$ by t ( ! ,fr5* savant4 ,see ,life ( ,galileo1 ,libr>y ( ,useful ,k1 p4 #id4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t ,galileo 0 /ruck ) bl9dness4 ,8 fri5d & pupil1 ,r5i]i1 und]took 9 ?is em]g5cy to arrange & complete 8 obs]vations & calculations2 b be=e he _h made mu* progress 9 ! ardu\s task1 ea* ( ! f\r commission]s di$ 9 succession1 & x 0 ) great difficulty t ,con/ant9e ,huyg5s succe$$ 9 r5ew+ ! s*eme4 ,x 0 aga9 ob/ruct$1 h[ev]1 by ! dea? ( ,galileo2 & :5 ,r5i]i 0 ab\t to publi%1 by ! ord] ( ! ,gr& ,duke1 ! ,ephem]is1 & ,tables ( ! ,jovian ,planets1 he 0 attack$ ) a mortal disease1 & ! manuscripts ( ,galileo1 :i* he 0 on ! eve ( publi%+1 7 nev] m he>d (4 ,by su* a s]ies ( mis=tunes 7 ! plans ( ,galileo & ( ! ,/ates-,g5]al completely ov]?r[n4 ,x is "s consolation1 h[ev]1 to "k t nei!r sci5ce nor navigation suff]$ any sev]e loss4 ,not)/&+ ! p]fection ( our pres5t tables ( ,jupit]'s satellites1 & ( ! a/ronomical in/rum5ts by :i* _! eclipses may be obs]v$1 ! me?od ( ,galileo is /ill impracticable at sea4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! /rict seclusion to :i* ,galileo _h be5 subject$1 he 0 9 ! practice ( dat+ 8 lett]s f 8 prison at ,arcetri2 b aft] he _h lo/ ! use ( 8 eyes1 ! ,inquisition seems to h relax$ its sev]ity1 & to h all[$ him ! free/ int]c\rse ) 8 fri5ds4 ,! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany paid him frequ5t visits2 & among ! celebrat$ /rang]s :o came f di/ant l&s to see ! ornam5t ( ,italy1 7 ,gass5di1 ,deodati1 & our illu/ri\s c\ntryman ,milton4 ,dur+ ! la/ ?ree ye>s ( 8 life1 8 em95t pupil ,viviani =m$ "o ( 8 family2 & 9 ,octob] #afda1 ! celebrat$ ,torricelli1 ano!r ( 8 pupils1 0 admitt$ to ! same di/9ction4 ,?\gh ! p[]ful m9d ( ,galileo /ill reta9$ its vig\r1 yet 8 debilitat$ frame 0 exhau/$ ) m5tal lab\r4 ,he (t5 compla9$ t 8 head 0 too busy = 8 body2 & ! cont9uity ( 8 /udies 0 frequ5tly brok5 ) attacks ( hypo*ondria1 want ( sleep1 & acute rheumatic pa9s4 ,along ) ^! calamities1 he 0 afflict$ ) ano!r /ill m sev]e--) deafness almo/ total2 b ?\gh he 0 n[ exclud$ f all communication ) ! ext]nal _w1 yet 8 m9d /ill grappl$ ) ! mat]ial univ]se1 & :ile he 0 /udy+ ! =ce ( p]cussion1 & prep>+ = a cont9uation ( 8 ,dialogues on ,motion1 he 0 attack$ ) fev] & palpitation ( ! he>t1 :i*1 aft] cont9u+ two mon?s1 t]m9at$ fatally on ! #h? ( ,janu>y #afdb1 9 ! #gh? ye> ( 8 age4 ,hav+ di$ 9 ! "* ( a prison] ( ! ,inquisition1 ?is odi\s tribunal disput$ 8 "r ( mak+ a w1 & ( be+ buri$ 9 consecrat$ gr\nd4 ,^! objections1 h[ev]1 7 )drawn2 b ?\gh a l>ge sum 0 subscrib$ = erect+ a monum5t to him 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,croce1 9 ,flor5ce1 ! ,pope w\ld n p]mit ! design to be c>ri$ into execution4 ,8 sacr$ rema9s 71 !re=e1 deposit$ 9 an obscure corn] ( ! *ur*1 & rema9$ = m ?an ?irty ye>s unm>k$ ) any monum5tal tablet4 ,! foll[+ epitaph1 giv5 )\t any rem>k 9 ! ,leyd5 edition ( 8 ,dialogues1 is1 we presume1 ! "o :i* 0 inscrib$ on a tablet 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,croce3-- ,,galilaeo ,,galilaei ,flor5t9o1 ,philosopho et ,geometrae v]e lynceo1 ,naturae ,o$ipo1 ,mirabilium semp] inv5torum ma*9atori1 ,qui inconcessa adhuc mortalibus gloria ,caelorum prov9cias auxit ,et univ]so d$it increm5tum3 ,non enim vitreos sph]>um orbes ,fragilesque /ellas conflavit3 ,s$ aet]na mundi corpore ,m$iceae b5efic5tiae d$icavit1 ,cujus inext9cta gloriae cupiditas ,ut oculos nationum ,saeculorumque omnium ,vid]e doc]et1 ,proprios imp5dit oculos4 ,cum jam nil amplius hab]et natura ,quod ipse vid]et4 ,cujus inv5ta vix intra r]um limites compreh5sa ,firmam5tum ipsum non solum cont9et1 ,s$ etiam recipit4 ,qui relictis tot sci5ti>um monum5tis ,plura secum tulit1 quam reliquit4 ,gravi enim ,s$ nondum affecta s5ectute1 ,novis contemplationibus ,majorem gloriam affectans ,inexplebilem sapi5tiae animam ,immaturo nobis obitu ,exhalavit ,anno ,dom9i ,,mcxlii4 ,a,etatis suae ,,lxxviii4 ,at 8 dea?1 9 #agjc1 ,viviani pur*as$ 8 prop]ty1 ) ! *>ge ( erect+ a monum5t ov] ,galileo's rema9s & 8 own4 ,?is design 0 n c>ri$ into effect till #agcg1 at ! exp5se ( ! family ( ,nelli1 :5 bo? _! bodies 7 dis9t]r$1 & remov$ to ! site ( ! spl5did monum5t :i* n[ cov]s !m4 ,?is monum5t conta9s ! bu/ ( ,galileo1 ) figures ( ,geometry & ,a/ronomy4 ,x 0 design$ by ,giulio ,fogg9i4 ,galileo's bu/ 0 execut$ by ,giovanni ,batti/a ,fogg9i2 ! figure ( ,a/ronomy by ,v9c5zio ,fogg9i1 8 son2 & t ( ,geometry by ,girolamo ,ticciati4 ,galileo's h\se at ,arcetri /ill rema9s4 ,9 #ahba x belong$ to "o ,signor ,alim>i1 hav+ be5 pres]v$ 9 ! /ate 9 :i* x 0 left by ,galileo2 x /&s v ne> ! conv5t ( ,/ ,mat!w1 & ab\t a mile to ! ,s4 ,e4 ( ,flor5ce4 ,an inscription by ,nelli1 ov] ! door ( ! h\se1 /ill rema9s4 ,! "* ( ,galileo1 :e!r we view him z a memb] ( ! social circle1 or z a man ( sci5ce1 pres5ts _m int]e/+ & in/ructive po9ts ( contemplation4 ,un=tunate1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t immoral1 9 8 dome/ic relations1 he did n d]ive f t hall[$ s\rce all ! enjoym5ts :i* x g5]ally yields2 & x 0 ow+ to ?is cause1 p]haps1 t he 0 m fond ( society ?an might h be5 expect$ f 8 /udi\s habits4 ,8 habitual *e]fulness & gaiety1 & 8 affability & frankness ( mann]1 r5d]$ him an univ]sal fav\rite among 8 fri5ds4 ,)\t any ( ! p$antry ( exclusive tal5t1 & )\t any ( t o/5tation :i* (t5 m>ks ! man ( limit$ ?\gh pr(\nd acquirem5ts1 ,galileo nev] conv]s$ ^u sci5tific or philosophical subjects except among ^? :o 7 capable ( und]/&+ !m4 ,! ext5t ( 8 g5]al in=mation1 inde$1 8 great lit]>y k1 b1 above all1 8 ret5tive memory1 /or$ ) ! leg5ds & ! poetry ( anci5t times1 sav$ him f ! necessity ( draw+ ^u 8 own peculi> /udies = ! topics ( 8 conv]sation4 ,galileo 0 n less di/+ui%$ = 8 hospitality & b5evol5ce2 he 0 lib]al to ! poor1 & g5]\s 9 ! aid :i* he adm9i/]$ to m5 ( g5ius & tal5t1 :o (t5 f\nd a com=table asylum "u 8 ro(4 ,9 8 dome/ic economy he 0 frugal )\t be+ p>simoni\s4 ,8 hospitable bo>d 0 ev] ready = ! reception ( 8 fri5ds2 &1 ?\gh he 0 himself ab/emi\s 9 8 diet1 he seems to h be5 a lov] ( good w9es1 ( :i* he receiv$ always ! *oice/ v>ieties out ( ! ,gr& ,duke's cell>4 ,?is peculi> ta/e1 toge!r ) 8 atta*m5t to a c\ntry life1 r5d]$ him fond ( agricultural pursuits1 & induc$ him to devote 8 leisure h\rs to ! cultivation ( 8 v9ey>ds4 ,9 8 p]sonal appe>ance ,galileo 0 ab\t ! middle size1 & ( a squ>e-built1 b well-proportion$1 frame4 ,8 complexion 0 fair1 8 eyes p5etrat+1 & 8 hair ( a r$di% hue4 ,8 expression 0 *e]ful & animat$1 & ?\gh 8 temp] 0 easily ruffl$1 yet ! excitem5t 0 transi5t1 & ! cause ( x spe$ily =gott54 ,"o ( ! mo/ prom95t traits 9 ! "* ( ,galileo 0 8 inv9cible love ( tru?1 & 8 abhorr5ce ( t spiritual despotism :i* _h s long brood$ ov] ,europe4 ,8 views1 h[ev]1 7 too lib]al1 & too f> 9 advance ( ! age :i* he adorn$2 & h[ev] mu* we may admire ! noble _s :i* he ev9c$1 & ! p]sonal sacrifices :i* he made1 9 8 /ruggle = tru?1 we mu/ yet lam5t ! hotness ( 8 zeal & ! tem]ity ( 8 onset4 ,9 8 conte/ ) ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 he fell "u h] victori\s bann]2 & ?\gh 8 cause 0 t ( tru?1 & h]s t ( sup]/ition1 yet ! sympa?y ( ,europe 0 n r\s$ by 8 mis=tunes4 ,"u ! sagaci\s & peaceful sway ( ,cop]nicus1 a/ronomy _h effect$ a glori\s triumph ov] ! dogmas ( ! ,*ur*2 b "u ! bold & uncompromis+ sceptre ( ,galileo all h] conque/s 7 irrecov]ably lo/4 ,! sci5tific "* ( ,galileo1 & 8 me?od ( inve/igat+ tru?1 dem& our w>me/ admiration4 ,! numb] & +5uity ( 8 inv5tions1 ! brilliant discov]ies :i* he made 9 ! heav5s1 & ! dep? & beauty ( 8 rese>*es respect+ ! laws ( motion1 h ga9$ him ! admiration ( e succe$+ age1 & h plac$ him next to ,newton 9 ! li/s ( orig9al & inv5tive g5ius4 ,to ?is high rank he 0 d\btless elevat$ by ! inductive processes :i* he foll[$ 9 all 8 inquiries4 ,"u ! sure guidance ( obs]vation & exp]im5t1 he advanc$ to g5]al laws2 & if ,bacon _h nev] liv$1 ! /ud5t ( nature ,w\ld h f\nd1 9 ! writ+s & lab\rs ( ,galileo1 n only ! boa/$ pr9ciples ( ! inductive philosophy1 b also _! practical application to ! highe/ ef=ts ( inv5tion & discov]y4 ,,life ,,( ,,ty*o ,,brahe4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,ty*o's ,bir?1 ,family1 & ,education--,an ,eclipse ( ! ,sun turns 8 att5tion to ,a/ronomy--,/udies ,law at ,leipsic--,b pursues ,a/ronomy by /eal?--,8 ,uncle's ,dea?--,he returns to ,cop5hag51 & resumes 8 ,obs]vations--,revisits ,g]many--,fights a ,duel1 & loses 8 ,nose--,visits ,augsburg1 & meets ,ha9zel--,:o assi/s him 9 mak+ a l>ge ,quadrant--,revisits ,d5m>k--,& is w>mly receiv$ by ! ,k+--,he settles at 8 ,uncle's ,ca/le ( ,h]ritzvold--,8 ,obs]vatory & ,laboratory--,discov]s ! new ,/> 9 ,cassiopeia--,acc\nt ( ?is rem>kable ,body--,ty*o's ,m>riage ) a ,peasant ,girl--,:i* irritates 8 ,fri5ds--,8 ,lectures on ,a/ronomy--,he visits ! ,pr9ce ( ,hesse--,att5ds ! ,coronation ( ! ,emp]or ,rudolph at ,ratisbon--,he returns to ,d5m>k4 ,among ! di/+ui%$ m5 :o 7 de/9$ to revive ! sci5ces1 & to e/abli% ! true sy/em ( ! univ]se1 ,ty*o ,brahe holds a conspicu\s place4 ,he 0 born on ! #ad? ,decemb] #aedf1 at ,knud/orp1 ! e/ate ( 8 ance/ors1 :i* is situat$ ne> ,hels+borg1 9 ,scania1 & 0 ! elde/ son & ! second *ild ( a family ( five sons & five daught]s4 ,8 fa!r1 ,otto ,brahe1 :o 0 desc5d$ f a noble ,sw$i% family1 0 9 su* /rait5$ circum/ances1 t he resolv$ to educate 8 sons = ! milit>y pr(ession2 b ,ty*o seems to h dislik$ ! *oice t 0 made = him2 & 8 next bro!r1 ,/5o1 :o appe>s to h _h a simil> feel+1 ex*ang$ ! sword = ! m peaceful occupation ( ,privy ,c\ncillor to ! ,k+4 ,! re/ ( 8 bro!rs1 ?\gh ( s5atorial rank1 d n seem to h ext5d$ ! r5[n ( _! family2 b _! y\nge/ si/]1 ,sophia1 is repres5t$ z an accompli%$ ma!matician1 & is said to h devot$ h] m9d to a/ronomy z well z to ! a/rological rev]ies ( ! age4 ,george ,brahe1 ! bro!r ( ,otto1 hav+ no *ildr5 ( 8 own1 resolv$ to adopt & to educate "o ( 8 nephews4 ,on ! bir? ( ,ty*o1 accord+ly1 he 0 desir\s ( hav+ him plac$ "u 8 wife's c>e2 b 8 p>5ts c\ld n be prevail$ ^u to "p ) _! *ild till aft] ! bir? ( ,/5o1 _! second son4 ,hav+ be5 in/ruct$ 9 read+ & writ+ "u prop] ma/]s1 ,ty*o began ! /udy ( ,lat9 9 8 sev5? ye>2 &1 9 opposition to 8 fa!r's views1 he prosecut$ x = five ye>s "u private tea*]s1 f :om he receiv$ also occasional in/ruction 9 poetry & ! belles lettres4 ,9 ,april #aeei1 ab\t ?ree ye>s aft] 8 fa!r's dea?1 ,ty*o 0 s5t to ! ,univ]sity ( ,cop5hag51 to /udy rhetoric & philosophy1 ) ! view ( prep>+ = ! /udy ( ! law1 & qualify+ himself = "s ( ^? political (fices :i* 8 rank entitl$ him to expect4 ,9 ?is situation he contract$ no fondness = any p>ticul> /udy2 b aft] he _h be5 sixte5 mon?s at college1 an ev5t occurr$ :i* direct$ all ! p[]s ( 8 m9d to ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy4 ,! att5tion ( ! public _h be5 long fix$ on a great eclipse ( ! sun1 :i* 0 to happ5 on ! #ba/ ,augu/ #aefj2 & z 9 ^? days a ph5om5on ( ?is k9d 0 l9k$ ) ! de/9ies ( nations z well z ( individuals1 ! int]e/ :i* x excit$ 0 z int5se z x 0 g5]al4 ,ty*o wat*$ its arrival ) peculi> anxiety4 ,he read ! a/rological di>ies ( ! day1 9 :i* its phases & its consequ5ces 7 describ$2 & :5 he saw ! sun d>k5$ at ! v mom5t t _h be5 pr$ict$1 & to ! v ext5t t _h be5 del9eat$1 he resolv$ to make himself ma/] ( a sci5ce :i* 0 capable ( pr$ict+ future ev5ts1 & especially t bran* ( x :i* connect$ ^! ev5ts ) ! =tunes & de/9ies ( man4 ,) ?is view he pur*as$ ! ,tabulae ,b]g5ses1 calculat$ by ,john ,/adius1 & began ) ard\r ! /udy ( ! planet>y motions4 ,:5 ,ty*o _h complet$ 8 c\rse at ,cop5hag51 he 0 s5t1 9 ,febru>y #aefb1 "u ! *>ge ( a tutor to /udy jurisprud5ce at ,leipsic4 ,a/ronomy1 h[ev]1 engross$ all 8 ?\ghts2 & he _h no soon] escap$ f ! daily surveillance ( 8 ma/]1 ?an he ru%$ ) headlong impetuosity into 8 fav\rite pursuits4 ,) 8 pocket money he pur*as$ a/ronomical books1 :i* he read 9 secret2 & by means ( a cele/ial globe1 ! size ( 8 fi/1 he made himself acqua9t$ ) ! />s1 & foll[$ !m night aft] night ?r\gh ! heav5s1 :5 sleep _h lull$ ! vigilance ( 8 preceptor4 ,by means ( ! ,ephem]ides ( ,/adius1 he le>n$ to di/+ui% ! planets1 & to trace !m ?r\gh _! direct & retrograde movem5ts2 & hav+ obta9$ ! ,alphons9e & ,prut5ic ,tables1 & comp>$ 8 own calculations & obs]vations ) ^? ( ,/adius1 he obs]v$ great diff]5ces 9 ! results1 & f t mom5t he seems to h conceiv$ ! design ( devot+ 8 life to ! accurate con/ruction ( tables1 :i* he ju/ly reg>d$ z ! basis ( a/ronomy4 ,) ?is view1 he appli$ himself secretly to ! /udy ( ari?metic & geometry2 &1 )\t ! assi/ance ( a ma/]1 he acquir$ t ma!matical k :i* enabl$ him to realise ^! e>ly aspirations4 ,8 ard\r = a/ronomy 0 /ill f>!r inflam$1 & ! resolution :i* x inspir$ /ill f>!r /r5g!n$1 by ! great conjunction ( ,jupit] & ,saturn1 :i* took place 9 ,augu/ #aefc4 ,! calculat$ "t ( ?is ph5om5on diff]$ consid]ably f ! true "t :i* 0 obs]v$2 & 9 det]m9+ ! in/ant ( conjunction ,ty*o felt 9 ! /ronge/ mann] ! imp]fection ( ! in/rum5ts :i* he us$4 ,= ?is purpose he employ$ a sort ( compass1 "o leg ( :i* 0 direct$ to "o planet & ! second to ! o!r planet or fix$ />2 &1 by measur+ ! angul> op5+ betwe5 !m1 he det]m9$ ! di/ance ( ! two cele/ial bodies4 ,by ?is rude contrivance he f\nd t ! ,alphons9e ,tables err$ a :ole mon? 9 ! "t ( conjunction1 :ile ! ,cop]nican ones 7 at lea/ sev]al days 9 error4 ,to ?is celebrat$ conjunction ,ty*o ascrib$ ! great plague :i* 9 subsequ5t ye>s desolat$ ,europe1 because x took place 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,leo1 & n f> f ! nebul\s />s ( ,canc]1 two ( ! zodiacal signs :i* are reckon$ by ,ptolemy suffocat+ & pe/il5t6 ,!re dwelt at ?is "t at ,leipsic an +5i\s artisan nam$ ,scultetus1 :o 0 employ$ by ,homelius1 ! pr(essor ( ma!matics 9 t city1 to assi/ him 9 ! con/ruction ( 8 in/rum5ts4 ,hav+ become acqua9t$ ) ?is "y man1 ,ty*o put into 8 h& a wood5 radius1 su* z 0 recomm5d$ by ,gemma ,frisius1 = ! purpose ( hav+ x divid$ 9 ! mann] adopt$ by ,homelius2 & ) ?is improv$ in/rum5t he made a great numb] ( a/ronomical obs]vations out ( 8 w9d[1 )\t ev] excit+ ! suspicions ( 8 tutor4 ,hav+ sp5t ?ree ye>s at ,leipsic1 he 0 ab\t to make ! t\r ( ,g]many1 :51 9 consequ5ce ( 8 uncle's dea?1 he 0 summon$ to 8 native c\ntry to inh]it ! =tune :i* _h be5 left him4 ,he accord+ly quitt$ ,leipsic ab\t ! middle ( ,may #aefe1 & aft] hav+ arrang$ 8 dome/ic conc]ns 9 ,d5m>k1 he cont9u$ 8 a/ronomical obs]vations ) ! radius con/ruct$ = him by ,scultetus4 ,! ard\r ) :i* he pursu$ 8 /udies gave great umbrage to 8 fri5ds z well z to 8 relations4 ,he 0 reproa*$ = hav+ ab&on$ ! pr(ession ( ! law2 8 a/ronomical obs]vations 7 ridicul$ z n only useless b degrad+1 &1 among 8 num]\s connexions1 8 mat]nal uncle1 ,/5o ,bille1 0 ! only "o :o applaud$ him = foll[+ ! b5t ( 8 g5ius4 ,"u ^! uncom=table circum/ances he resolv$ to quit 8 c\ntry1 & pay a visit to ! mo/ int]e/+ cities ( ,g]many4 ,at ,wittemb]g1 :]e he arriv$ 9 ,april #aeff1 he resum$ 8 a/ronomical obs]vations2 b1 9 consequ5ce ( ! plague hav+ brok5 out 9 t city1 he remov$ to ,ro/o* 9 ! foll[+ autumn4 ,"h an accid5t occurr$ :i* _h ne>ly depriv$ him ( 8 life4 ,on ! #aj? ,decemb] he 0 invit$ to a w$d+ fea/2 &1 among o!r gue/s1 !re 0 pres5t a noble c\ntryman ( 8 own1 ,m&]upius ,pasb]gius4 ,"s diff]5ce hav+ aris5 betwe5 !m on ?is occasion1 !y p>t$ ) feel+s ( mutual displeasure4 ,on ! #bg? ( ! same mon? !y met aga9 at "s fe/ive games1 & hav+ reviv$ _! =m] qu>rel1 !y agre$ to settle _! diff]5ces by ! sword4 ,!y accord+ly met at #g o'clock 9 ! ev5+ ( ! #bi?1 & f\ght 9 total d>kness4 ,9 ?is bl9d combat1 ,m&]upius cut (f ! :ole ( ! front ( ,ty*o's nose1 & x 0 =tunate = a/ronomy t 8 m valuable organs 7 def5d$ by s fai?ful an outpo/4 ,! qu>rel1 :i* is said to h orig9at$ 9 a diff]5ce ( op9ion respect+ _! ma!matical acquirem5ts1 t]m9at$ "h2 & ,ty*o repair$ 8 loss by cem5t+ ^u 8 face a nose ( gold & silv]1 :i* is said to h =m$ a good imitation ( ! orig9al4 ,dur+ ! ye>s #aefg & #aefh1 ,ty*o cont9u$ to reside at ,ro/o*1 ) ! exception ( a few mon?s1 dur+ :i* he made a rapid j\rney into ,d5m>k4 ,he liv$ 9 a h\se 9 ! college ( ! ,jesuits1 :i* he _h r5t$ on acc\nt ( its fitness = cele/ial obs]vations2 b1 ?\gh he int5d$ to sp5d ! w9t] "u its ro(1 he _h made no arrangem5t respect+ 8 future life1 leav+ x1 z he said1 9 ! h&s ( ,provid5ce4 ,a desire1 h[ev]1 to visit ! s\? ( ,g]many induc$ him to quit ,ro/o*1 & hav+ cross$ ! ,danube1 he paid a visit to ,augsburg4 ,^u ent]+ ?is anci5t city1 ,ty*o 0 p>ticul>ly /ruck ) ! gr&eur ( its =tifications1 ! spl5d\r ( its private h\ses1 & ! beauty ( its f\nta9s2 &1 aft] a %ort resid5ce )9 its walls1 he 0 /ill m delight$ ) ! indu/ry ( ! p1 ! ref9em5t ( ! high] classes1 & ! love ( lit]ature & sci5ce :i* 0 *]i%$ by its weal?y citiz5s4 ,among ! int]e/+ acqua9tances :i* he =m$ at ,augsburg1 7 two bro!rs1 ,john & ,paul ,ha9zel1 ! "o a septemvir1 & ! o!r ! consul or burgoma/]4 ,!y 7 bo? di/+ui%$ by _! le>n+1 & bo? ( !m1 p>ticul>ly ,paul1 7 ard5t lov]s ( a/ronomy4 ,ty*o _h hi!rto no o!r a/ronomical in/rum5t ?an ! co>se radius :i* 0 made = him by ,scultetus1 & he wait$ only = a prop] occasion to h a l>g] & bett] in/rum5t con/ruct$ = 8 use4 ,hav+ n[ ! comm& ( workm5 :o c\ld execute 8 plans1 he conceiv$ ! bold design ( mak+ a divid$ in/rum5t :i* %\ld di/9ctly exhibit s+le m9utes ( a degree4 ,:ile he 0 transf]r+ ! fir/ rude conception ( 8 in/rum5t to pap]1 ,paul ,ha9zel ent]$ 8 /udy1 & 0 s /ruck ) ! gr&eur ( ! plan1 t he in/antly und]took to h x execut$ at 8 own exp5se4 ,! project$ in/rum5t 0 a quadrant ( f\rte5 cubits radius6 & ,ty*o & 8 fri5d ent]$ ^u its con/ruction ) t int5se ard\r :i* is ev] cr[n$ ) success4 ,9 ! village ( ,gegg+a1 ab\t half a mile to ! s\? ( ! city1 ,paul ,ha9zel _h a c\ntry h\se1 ! g>d5 ( :i* 0 *os5 z ! spot :]e ! quadrant 0 to be fix$4 ,! be/ arti/s 9 ,augsburg1 clockmak]s1 jewell]s1 smi?s1 & c>p5t]s1 7 engag$ to execute ! "w1 & f ! zeal :i* s novel an in/rum5t inspir$1 ! quadrant 0 complet$ 9 less ?an a mon?4 ,its size 0 s great t tw5ty m5 c\ld ) difficulty transport x to its place ( fixture4 ,! two pr9cipal rectangul> radii 7 beams ( oak2 ! ar* :i* lay betwe5 _! extremities 0 made ( solid wood ( a p>ticul> k9d1 & ! :ole 0 b\nd toge!r by twelve beams4 ,x receiv$ additional /r5g? f sev]al iron b&s1 & ! ar* 0 cov]$ ) plates ( brass1 = ! purpose ( receiv+ ! #edjj divisions into :i* x 0 to be subdivid$4 ,a l>ge & /rong pill> ( oak1 %od ) iron1 0 driv5 into ! gr\nd1 & kept 9 its place by solid mason "w4 ,to ?is pill> ! quadrant 0 fix$ 9 a v]tical plane1 & /eps 7 prep>$ to elevate ! obs]v]1 :5 />s ( a l[ altitude requir$ 8 att5tion4 ,z ! in/rum5t c\ld n be conv5i5tly cov]$ ) a ro(1 x 0 protect$ f ! wea!r by a cov]+ made ( sk9s1 b not)/&+ ?is & o!r precautions1 x 0 brok5 to pieces by a viol5t /orm1 aft] hav+ rema9$ un9jur$ = ! space ( five ye>s4 ,z ?is quadrant 0 fitt$ only to det]m9e ! altitudes ( ! cele/ial bodies1 ,ty*o con/ruct$ a l>ge sextant = ! purpose ( measur+ _! di/ances4 ,x consi/$ ( two radii1 :i* op5$ & %ut r\nd a c5tre1 & :i* 7 ne>ly f\r cubits long1 & also ( two ar*es1 "o ( :i* 0 graduat$1 :ile ! o!r s]v$ to keep ! radii 9 ! same plane4 ,aft] ! radii _h be5 op5$ or %ut till !y ne>ly compreh5d$ ! angle betwe5 ! />s to be obs]v$1 ! adju/m5t 0 complet$ by means ( a v f9e tang5t screw4 ,) ?is in/rum5t ,ty*o made _m excell5t obs]vations dur+ 8 /ay at ,augsburg4 ,he began also ! con/ruction ( a wood5 globe ab\t six feet 9 diamet]4 ,its out] surface 0 turn$ ) great accuracy into a sph]e1 & kept f w>p+ by int]ior b>s ( wood support$ at its c5tre4 ,aft] receiv+ a visit f ! celebrat$ ,pet] ,ramus1 :o subsequ5tly fell a victim at ! massacre ( ,/ ,b>?olomew1 ,ty*o left ,augsburg1 hav+ receiv$ a promise f 8 fri5d ,ha9zel t he w\ld communicate to him ! obs]vations made ) 8 l>ge quadrant1 & ) ! sextant :i* he _h giv5 him 9 a pres5t4 ,he paid a visit to ,philip ,appian 9 pass+ ?r\gh ,+ol/adt1 & return$ to 8 native c\ntry ab\t ! end ( #aega4 ,! fame :i* he _h acquir$ z an a/ronom] procur$ = him a w>m] reception ?an t :i* he _h =m]ly exp]i5c$4 ,! ,k+ invit$ him to c\rt1 & 8 fri5ds & admir]s load$ him ) k9dness4 ,8 uncle1 ,/5o ,bille1 :o n[ liv$ at ! anci5t conv5t ( ,h]ritzvold1 & :o _h always tak5 a deep int]e/ 9 ! sci5tific "* ( 8 nephew1 n only invit$ him to 8 h\se1 b assign$ to him = an obs]vatory ! "p ( x :i* 0 be/ adapt$ = t purpose4 ,ty*o *e]fully accept$ ( ?is lib]al (f]4 ,! imm$iate proximity ( ,h]ritzvold to ,knud/orp1 r5d]$ ?is arrangem5t peculi>ly conv5i5t1 & 9 ! h\se ( 8 uncle he exp]i5c$ all t k9dness & consid]ation :i* natural affection & a love ( sci5ce comb9$ to *]i%4 ,:5 ,/5o le>n$ t ! /udy ( *emi/ry 0 "o ( ! pursuits ( 8 nephew1 he grant$ him a spaci\s h\se1 a few y>ds di/ant f ! conv5t1 = 8 laboratory4 ,ty*o lo/ no "t 9 fitt+ up 8 obs]vatory1 & 9 provid+ 8 furnaces2 & reg>d+ gold & silv] & ! o!r metals z ! />s ( ! e>?1 he us$ to repres5t 8 two opposite pursuits z =m+ only "o sci5ce1 namely1 cele/ial & t]re/rial a/ronomy4 ,9 ! hopes ( enri*+ himself by ! pursuits ( al*emy1 ,ty*o devot$ mo/ ( 8 att5tion to ^? satellites ( gold & silv] :i* n[ con/itut$ 8 own sy/em1 & :i* di/urb$ by _! p[]ful action ! hi!rto uni=m movem5ts ( _! prim>y4 ,8 affections 7 ev] turn+ to ,g]many1 :]e a/ronom]s ( k9dr$ views1 & arti/s ( surpass+ tal5t 7 to be f\nd 9 almo/ e city4 ,! want ( money alone prev5t$ him f realiz+ 8 wi%es2 & x 0 9 ! hope ( atta9+ ! means ( travell+1 t he 9 a great measure =sook 8 sextants = 8 crucibles4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 t he might h "o good in/rum5t 9 8 obs]vatory1 he con/ruct$ a sextant simil> to1 b some:at l>g] ?an1 t :i* he _h pres5t$ to ,ha9zel4 ,its limb 0 made ( solid brass1 & 0 exquisitely divid$ into s+le m9utes ( a degree4 ,its radii 7 /r5g!n$ ) plates ( brass1 & ! app>atus = op5+ & %utt+ !m 0 made ) great accuracy4 ,! possession ( ?is in/rum5t 0 peculi>ly =tunate = ,ty*o1 = an ev5t n[ occurr$ :i* r\s$ him f 8 gold5 visions1 & direct$ all 8 faculties into _! e>li] & pur] curr5t4 ,on ! #aa? ,novemb] #aegb1 :5 he 0 return+ to supp] f 8 laboratory1 ! cle>ness ( ! sky inspir$ him ) ! desire ( complet+ "s p>ticul> obs]vations4 ,on look+ up to ! />ry firmam5t he 0 surpris$ to see an extraord9>y light 9 ! con/ellation ( ,cassiopeia1 :i* 0 !n above 8 head4 ,he felt confid5t t he _h nev] be=e obs]v$ su* a /> 9 t con/ellation1 & di/ru/+ ! evid5ce ( 8 own s5ses1 he call$ out ! s]vants & ! peasants1 & hav+ receiv$ _! te/imony t x 0 a huge /> su* z !y _h nev] se5 be=e1 he 0 satisfi$ ( ! correctness ( 8 own vision4 ,reg>d+ x z a new & unusual ph5om5on1 he ha/5$ to 8 obs]vatory1 adju/$ 8 sextant1 & measur$ its di/ances f ! ne>e/ />s 9 ,cassiopeia4 ,he not$ also its =m1 its magnitude1 its light1 & its col\r1 & he wait$ ) great anxiety = ! next night t he might det]m9e ! important po9t :e!r x 0 a fix$ />1 or a body )91 or ne> to1 our own sy/em4 ,= sev]al ye>s ,ty*o _h be5 9 ! practice ( calculat+1 at ! beg9n+ ( ea* ye>1 a sort ( almanac = 8 own use1 & 9 ?is he ins]t$ all ! obs]vations :i* he _h made on ! new />1 & ! conclusions :i* he _h drawn f !m4 ,hav+ gone to ,cop5hag5 9 ! c\rse ( ! ensu+ spr+1 he %ew$ ?is manuscript to ,john ,prat5sis1 a ,pr(essor1 9 ^: h\se he 0 always hospitably receiv$4 ,*>les ,danzeus1 ! ,fr5* ambassador1 & a p]son ( great le>n+1 hav+ he>d ( ,ty*o's arrival1 invit$ himself to d9e ) him at ! h\se ( ,prat5sis4 ,! conv]sation soon turn$ ^u ! new />1 & ,ty*o f\nd 8 companion v sceptical ab\t its exi/5ce4 ,danzeus 0 p>ticul>ly jocul> on ! subject1 & attack$ ! ,danes = _! inatt5tion to s important a sci5ce z a/ronomy4 ,ty*o receiv$ ?is lecture 9 good temp]1 & ) ! anxi\s expectation t a cle> sky w\ld enable him to give a practical refutation ( ! attack :i* 0 made ^u 8 c\ntry4 ,! night turn$ out s]5e1 & ! :ole p>ty saw ) a/oni%m5t ! new /> "u ! mo/ fav\rable circum/ances4 ,prat5sis conceiv$ t x 0 simil> to ! "o obs]v$ by ,hipp>*us1 & urg$ ,ty*o to publi% ! obs]vations :i* he _h made ^u x4 ,ty*o refus$ to acc$e to ?is reque/1 on ! pretext t 8 "w 0 n suffici5tly p]fect2 b ! true reason1 z he aft]w>ds ackn[l$g$1 01 t he consid]$ x w\ld be a disgrace = a nobleman1 ei!r to /udy su* subjects1 or to communicate !m to ! public4 ,?is absurd notion 0 ) "s difficulty ov]come1 & ?r\gh ! e>ne/ entreaties & assi/ance ( ,prat5sis1 8 "w on ! new /> 0 publi%$ 9 #aegc4 ,?is rem>kable body pres5ts to u "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ph5om5a 9 a/ronomy4 ,! date ( its fir/ appe>ance has n be5 exactly asc]ta9$4 ,ty*o saw x on ! #aa? ,novemb]1 b ,cornelius ,gemma _h se5 x on ! #i?1 ,paul ,ha9zel saw x on ! #g? ( ,augu/ at ,augsburg1 & ,wolfgangus ,s*ul]us obs]v$ x at ,witt5b]g on ! #f?4 ,ty*o conjectures t x 0 fir/ se5 on ! #e?1 & ,hi]onymus ,munosius ass]ts t at ,val5tia1 9 ,spa91 x 0 n se5 on ! #b;d1 :5 he 0 %ew+ t "p ( ! heav5s to 8 pupils4 ,?is s+ul> body cont9u$ to be se5 dur+ #af mon?s1 & did n disappe> till ,m>* #aegd4 ,9 its appe>ance x 0 exactly l a />1 hav+ none ( ! di/9ctive m>ks ( a comet4 ,x tw9kl$ /rongly1 & grew l>g] ?an ,lyra or ,sirius1 or any o!r fix$ />4 ,x seem$ to be some:at l>g] ?an ,jupit]1 :5 he is ne>e/ ! e>?1 & rivall$ ,v5us 9 h] greate/ brightness4 ,9 ! fir/ mon? ( its appe>ance x 0 less ?an ,jupit]2 9 ! second x equall$ him2 9 ! ?ird x surpass$ him 9 spl5d\r2 9 ! f\r? x 0 equal to ,sirius2 9 ! fif? to ,lyra2 9 ! six? & sev5? to />s ( ! second magnitude2 9 ! eigh?1 n9?1 & t5?1 to />s ( ! ?ird magnitude2 9 ! elev5?1 twelf?1 & ?irte5?1 to />s ( ! f\r? magnitude2 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? to />s ( ! fif? magnitude2 & 9 ! sixte5? mon? to />s ( ! six? magnitude4 ,aft] ?is x became s small t x at la/ disappe>$4 ,its col\r *ang$ also ) its size4 ,at fir/ x 0 :ite & bright2 9 ! ?ird mon? x began to become yell[i%2 9 ! fif? x became r$di% l ,aldeb>an2 & 9 ! sev5? & eigh? x became blui% l ,saturn2 gr[+ aft]w>ds dull] & dull]4 ,its place 9 ! heav5s 0 inv>iable4 ,its longitude 0 9 ! #f? degree & #ed? m9ute ( ,taurus2 & its latitude #ec deg4 #de' nor?4 ,its "r asc5sion 0 #j deg4 #bf-b_/e' & its decl9ation #fa deg4 #df-c_/d'4 ,x _h no p>allax1 & 0 unque/ionably situat$ 9 ! region ( ! fix$ />s4 ,aft] ,ty*o _h publi%$ 8 book1 he propos$ to travel into ,g]many & ,italy1 b he 0 seiz$ ) a fev]1 & he _h no soon] recov]$ f x1 ?an he became involv$ 9 a love affair1 :i* fru/rat$ all 8 s*emes4 ,al?\gh ,ty*o 0 afraid ( ca/+ a /a9 ^u 8 nobility by publi%+ 8 obs]vations on ! new />1 yet he did n scruple to debase 8 l9eage by m>ry+ a peasant girl ( ! village ( ,knud/orp4 ,?is ev5t took place 9 #aegc1 & 9 #aegd 8 wife gave bir? to 8 daught] ,magdal5e4 ,ty*o's noble relations 7 deeply (f5d$ at ?is imprud5t /ep2 & s f> did ! mutual animosity ( ! p>ties ext5d1 t ! ,k+ himself 0 oblig$ to effect a reconciliation4 ,! fame ( our au?or z an a/ronom] & ma!matician 0 n[ s high1 t sev]al "y ,dani% nobles reque/$ him to deliv] a c\rse ( lectures ^u ^! int]e/+ subjects4 ,?is application 0 second$ by ,prat5sis1 ,danzeus1 & all 8 be/ fri5ds2 b _! solicitations 7 va94 ,! ,k+ at la/ made ! reque/ 9 a way :i* ensur$ its be+ grant$1 & ,ty*o deliv]$ a c\rse ( lectures1 9 :i* he n only gave a full view ( ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy1 b def5d$ & expla9$ all ! rev]ies ( a/rology4 ,hav+ f9i%$ 8 lectures1 & arrang$ 8 dome/ic affairs1 he set out on 8 project$ j\rney ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! spr+ ( #aege1 leav+ beh9d him 8 wife & daught]1 till he %\ld fix ^u a place ( p]man5t resid5ce4 ,! fir/ t[n :i* he visit$ 0 ,hesse-,cassel1 ! resid5ce ( ,william1 ,l&grave ( ,hesse1 ^: patronage ( a/ronomy1 & ^: skill 9 mak+ cele/ial obs]vations1 h immortaliz$ 8 "n4 ,"h ,ty*o sp5t eight or t5 delightful days1 dur+ :i* ! two a/ronom]s 7 occupi$ "o half ( ! day 9 sci5tific conv]sation1 & ! o!r half 9 a/ronomical obs]vations2 & he w\ld h prolong$ a visit :i* gave him s mu* pleasure1 _h n ! dea? ( "o ( ! ,l&grave's daught]s int]rupt$ _! lab\rs4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ,frank=t1 ,ty*o w5t into ,switz]l&2 &1 aft] visit+ _m cities on 8 way1 he fix$ ^u ,basle z a place ( resid5ce1 n only f its c5trical position1 b f ! salubrity ( ! air1 & ! *eapness ( liv+4 ,f ,switz]l& he w5t to ,v5ice1 &1 9 return+ ?r\gh ,g]many1 he came to ,ratisbon1 at ! "t ( ! congress1 :i* _h be5 call$ toge!r on ! #a/ ( ,novemb]1 = ! coronation ( ! ,emp]or ,rudolph4 ,on ?is occasion he met ) sev]al di/+ui%$ individuals1 :o 7 n only skill$ 9 a/ronomy1 b :o 7 among its w>me/ patrons4 ,f ,ratisbon he pass$ to ,saalfeld1 & !nce to ,wittemburg1 :]e he saw ! p>allactic in/rum5ts & ! wood5 quadrant :i* _h be5 us$ by ,john ,prat5sis 9 det]m9+ ! latitude ( ! city1 & 9 measur+ ! altitudes ( ! new />4 ,ty*o 0 n[ impati5t = home1 & he lo/ no "t 9 return+ to ,d5m>k1 :]e ev5ts 7 await+ him :i* fru/rat$ all 8 s*emes1 by plac+ him 9 ! mo/ fav\rable situation = promot+ 8 own happ9ess1 & advanc+ ! int]e/s ( a/ronomy4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 patronises ,ty*o--,& resolves to e/abli% him 9 ,d5m>k--,grants him ! ,isl& ( ,hu5 = ,life--,& ,builds ! spl5did ,obs]vatory ( ,uraniburg--,description ( ! ,isl&1 & ( ! ,obs]vatory--,acc\nt ( its ,a/ronomical ,in/rum5ts--,ty*o beg9s 8 ,obs]vations--,8 ,pupils--,ty*o is made ,canon ( ,ro?s*ild1 & receives a l>ge ,p5sion--,8 ,hospitality to 8 ,visitors--,+ratitude ( ,witi*ius--,ty*o s5ds an ,assi/ant to take ! ,latitude ( ,frau5burg & ,konigsb]g--,is visit$ by ,ulric1 ,duke ( ,meckl5burg--,*ange 9 ,ty*o's =tunes4 ,! patronage :i* _h be5 ext5d$ to a/ronom]s by sev]al ( ! reign+ pr9ces ( ,g]many1 especially by ! ,l&grave ( ,hesse1 & ,augu/us1 ,elector ( ,saxony1 _h begun to excite a love ( sci5ce 9 ! m9ds ( o!r sov]eigns4 ,! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k seems to h felt x z a /a9 ^u 8 "*1 t ! only a/ronom] 9 8 dom9ions %\ld c>ry on 8 obs]vations 9 di/ant k+doms & adorn by 8 discov]ies o!r c\rts ?an 8 own4 ,) ?is feel+ he s5t ambassadors to ,hesse-,cassel to inquire aft] ,ty*o1 & to intimate to him 8 wi% t he %\ld return to ,d5m>k1 & 8 anxiety to promote ! advancem5t ( a/ronomy 9 8 own dom9ions4 ,ty*o _h left ,cassel :5 ^! mess5g]s arriv$1 & _h he>d no?+ ( ! ,k+'s int5tions till he 0 ab\t to quit ,knud/orp ) 8 family = ,basle4 ,at ?is "t he 0 surpris$ at ! arrival ( a noble mess5g]1 :o br\ght a lett] reque/+ him to meet ! ,k+ z soon z possible at ,cop5hag54 ,ty*o lo/ no "t 9 obey+ ! royal summons4 ,! ,k+ receiv$ him ) ! mo/ flatt]+ k9dness4 ,he (f]$ to give him a grant = life ( ! isl& ( ,hu51 betwe5 ,d5m>k & ,sw$51 & to con/ruct & furni% ) in/rum5ts1 at 8 own exp5se1 an obs]vatory1 z well z a h\se = ! accommodation ( 8 family1 toge!r ) a laboratory = c>ry+ on 8 *emical inquiries4 ,ty*o1 :o truly lov$ 8 c\ntry1 0 deeply affect$ ) ! munific5ce ( ! royal (f]4 ,he accept$ ( x ) t w>m? ( gratitude :i* x 0 calculat$ to inspire2 & he p>ticul>ly rejoic$ 9 ! ?\ght t if any success %\ld att5d 8 future lab\rs1 ! glory ( x w\ld belong to 8 native l&4 ,! isl& ( ,hu5 is ab\t sxix miles f ! coa/ ( ,zeal&1 ?ree f t ( ,sw$51 & f\rte5 f ,cop5hag54 ,x is six miles 9 circumf]5ce1 & rises into ! =m ( a m\nta91 :i*1 ?\gh v high1 t]m9ates 9 a pla94 ,x is n[h]e rocky1 & ev5 9 ! "t ( ,ty*o x produc$ ! be/ k9ds ( gra91 af=d$ excell5t pa/urage = horses1 cattle1 & %eep1 & possess$ de]1 h>es1 rabbits1 & p>tridges 9 abundance4 ,x conta9$ at t "t only "o village1 ) ab\t =ty inhabitants4 ,hav+ survey$ 8 new t]ritory1 ,ty*o resolv$ to build a magnific5t t[] 9 ! c5tre ( ! elevat$ pla91 :i* he resolv$ to call ,uraniburg1 or ,! ,city ( ! ,heav5s4 ,hav+ made ! necess>y arrangem5ts1 he repair$ to ! isl& on ! #h? ( ,augu/1 & 8 fri5d ,*>les ,danzeus laid ! f\ndation /one ( ! new obs]vatory1 :i* consi/$ ( a slab ( porphyry1 ) ! foll[+ inscription3-- ,,regnante ,,9 ,,dania ,,fr$]ico ,,ii41 ,,c>olus ,,danzaeus ,,aquitanus ,r4 ,g4 ,i4 ,d4 ,l41#cg ,,domui ,,huic ,,philosophiae1 ,,imprimisque ,,a/rorum ,,contemplationi1 ,,regis ,,decreto ,a ,,nobili ,,viro ,,ty*one ,,brahe ,,de ,,knud/rup ,,extructae ,,votivum ,,hunc ,,lapidem ,,memoriae ,,et ,,felicis ,,auspicii ,,ergo ,p4 ,,anno ,,cic4,,ic4,,lxxvi4#ch ,,vi ,,id4 ,,augu/i4 #cg ,regis ,gallorum 9 ,dania ,legatus4 #ch ,transcrib]'s footnote3 ,! second ,cs 9 ,,cic & ,,ic are pr9t$ rev]s$ 9 ! orig9al4 ,?is c]emony 0 p]=m$ e>ly 9 ! morn+ ( a spl5did day1 9 :i* ! ris+ sun ?rew its bless+ ^u ,fr$]ick1 & ^u ! p>ty ( noblem5 & philosoph]s :o _h assembl$ to te/ify _! love ( sci5ce4 ,an ent]ta9m5t 0 provid$ = ! occasion1 & copi\s libations ( a v>iety ( w9es 7 (f]$ = ! success ( ! und]tak+4 ,! obs]vatory 0 surr\nd$ by a ramp>t1 ea* face ( :i* 0 ?ree hundr$ feet long4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ea* face ! ramp>t became a semicircle1 ! inn] diamet] ( :i* 0 n9ety feet4 ,! height ( ! ramp>t 0 tw5ty-two feet1 & its ?ickness at ! base tw5ty4 ,its f\r angles correspond$ exactly ) ! f\r c>d9al po9ts1 & at ! nor? & s\? angles 7 erect$ turrets1 ( :i* "o 0 a pr9t+-h\se1 & ! o!r ! resid5ce ( ! s]vants4 ,gates 7 erect$ at ! ea/ & we/ angles1 & above !m 7 ap>tm5ts = ! reception ( /rang]s4 ,)9 ! ramp>t 0 a %rubb]y ) ab\t ?ree hundr$ v>ieties ( trees2 & at ! c5tre ( ea* semicircul> "p ( ! ramp>t 0 a b[] or summ]-h\se4 ,?is %rubb]y surr\nd$ ! fl[]-g>d51 :i* 0 t]m9at$ )9 by a circul> wall ab\t =ty-five feet high1 :i* enclos$ a m elevat$ area1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* /ood ! pr9cipal build+ 9 ! obs]vatory1 & f :i* f\r pa?s l$ to ! above-m5tion$ angles1 ) z _m doors = ent]+ ! g>d54 ,! pr9cipal build+ 0 ab\t sixty feet squ>e4 ,! doors 7 plac$ on ! ea/ & we/ sides2 & to ! nor? & s\? fronts 7 atta*$ two r\nd t[]s1 ^: inn] diamet] 0 ab\t ?irty-two feet1 & :i* =m$ ! obs]vatories :i* _h w9d[s 9 _! ro(1 t c\ld be op5$ t[>ds any "p ( ! heav5s4 ,! accommodations = ! family 7 num]\s & spl5did4 ,"u ! obs]vatory1 9 ! s\? t[]1 0 ! museum & libr>y1 & bel[ ?is aga9 0 ! laboratory 9 a subt]rane\s crypt1 conta9+ sixte5 furnaces ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,b5ea? ?is 0 a well =ty feet deep1 f :i* wat] 0 di/ribut$ by syphons to e "p ( ! build+4 ,besides ! pr9cipal build+ !re 7 o!r two situat$ )\t ! ramp>t1 "o to ! nor?1 conta9+ a work%op = ! con/ruction ( a/ronomical & o!r in/rum5ts1 & ! o!r to ! s\?1 :i* 0 occupi$ z a sort ( f>m-h\se4 ,^! build+s co/ ! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k #ajj1jjj rix-doll>s 7,l#bj1jjj71 & ,ty*o is said to h exp5d$ ^u !m a simil> sum4 ,z ! two t[]s c\ld n accommodate ! in/rum5ts :i* ,ty*o requir$ = 8 obs]vations1 he f\nd x necess>y to erect1 on ! hill ab\t sixty paces to ! s\? ( ,uraniburg1 a subt]ranean obs]vatory1 9 :i* he might place 8 l>g] in/rum5ts1 :i* requir$ to be firmly fix$1 & to be protect$ f ! w9d & ! wea!r4 ,?is obs]vatory1 :i* he call$ ,/i]n-b]g1 or ! m\nta91 ( ! />s1 consi/$ ( sev]al crypts1 sep>at$ by solid walls1 & to ^! !re 0 a subt]ranean passage f ! laboratory 9 ,uraniburg4 ,! v>i\s build+s :i* ,ty*o erect$ 7 built 9 a regul> /yle ( ar*itecture1 & 7 highly ornam5t$1 n only ) ext]nal decorations1 b ) ! /atues & pictures ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ a/ronom]s1 f ,hipp>*us & ,ptolemy d[n to ,cop]nicus1 & ) inscriptions & poems 9 hon\r ( a/ronom]s4 ,:ile ^! build+s 7 erect+1 & aft] _! completion1 ,ty*o 0 busily occupi$ 9 prep>+ in/rum5ts = obs]vation4 ,^! 7 ( ! mo/ spl5did description1 & ! read] w =m "s notion ( _! gr&eur & _! exp5se f ! foll[+ li/3-- ,9 ! s\? & great] ,obs]vatory4 #a4 ,a semicircle ( solid iron1 cov]$ ) brass1 f\r cubits radius4 #b4 ,a sextant ( ! same mat]ials & size4 #c4 ,a quadrant ( "o & a half cubits radius1 & an azimu? circle ( ?ree cubits4 #d4 ,ptolemy's p>allactic rules1 cov]$ ) brass1 f\r cubits 9 ! side4 #e4 ,! sextant already describ$ 9 page #acd4 #f4 ,ano!r quadrant1 l ,no4 #c4 #g4 ,zodiacal armill>ies ( melt$ brass1 & turn$ out ( ! solid1 ( ?ree cubits 9 diamet]4 ,ne> ?is obs]vatory 0 a l>ge clock1 ) "o :eel two cubits 9 diamet]1 & two small] ones1 :i*1 l x1 indicat$ h\rs1 m9utes1 & seconds4 ,9 ! s\? & less] ,obs]vatory4 #h4 ,an armill>y sph]e ( brass1 ) a /eel m]idian1 ^: diamet] 0 ab\t #d cubits4 ,9 ! nor? ,obs]vatory4 #i4 ,brass p>allactic rules1 :i* revolv$ 9 azimu? above a brass horizon1 twelve feet 9 diamet]4 #aj4 ,a half sextant1 ( f\r cubits radius4 #aa4 ,a /eel sextant4 #ab4 ,ano!r half sextant1 ) /eel limb1 f\r cubits radius4 #ac4 ,! p>allactic rules ( ,cop]nicus4 #ad4 ,equatorial armill>ies4 #ae4 ,a quadrant ( a solid plate ( brass1 five cubits 9 radius1 %ew+ e t5 seconds4 #af4 ,9 ! museum 0 ! l>ge globe made at ,augsburg1 see p4 #acd4 ,9 ! ,/i]n-b]g ,obs]vatory4 #ag4 ,9 ! c5tral "p1 a l>ge semicircle1 ) a brass limb1 & ?ree clocks1 %ew+ h\rs1 m9utes1 & seconds4 #ah4 ,equatorial armill>ies ( sev5 cubits1 ) semi-armill>ies ( n9e cubits4 #ai4 ,a sextant ( f\r cubits radius4 #bj4 ,a geometrical squ>e ( iron1 ) an int]cept$ quadrant ( five cubits1 & divid$ into fifte5 seconds4 #ba4 ,a quadrant ( f\r cubits radius1 %ew+ t5 seconds1 ) an azimu? circle4 #bb4 ,zodiacal armill>ies ( brass1 ) /eel m]idians1 ?ree cubits 9 diamet]4 #bc4 ,a sextant ( brass1 kept toge!r by screws1 & capable ( be+ tak5 to pieces = travell+ )4 ,its radius 0 f\r cubits4 #bd4 ,a moveable armill>y sph]e1 ?ree cubits 9 diamet]4 #be4 ,a quadrant ( solid brass1 "o cubit radius1 & divid$ into m9utes by ,nonian circles4 #bf4 ,an a/ronomical radius ( solid brass1 ?ree cubits long4 #bg4 ,an a/ronomical r+ ( brass1 a cubit 9 diamet]4 #bh4 ,a small brass a/rolabe4 ,9 almo/ all ! in/rum5ts n[ enum]at$1 ! limb 0 subdivid$ by diagonal l9es1 a me?od :i* ,ty*o fir/ br\ght into use1 b :i*1 9 mod]n times1 has be5 sup]s$$ by ! inv5tions ( ,nonius & ,v]ni]4 ,:5 ,ty*o _h ?us furni%$ 8 obs]vatory1 he devot$ himself to ! exam9ation ( ! />s2 & dur+ ! tw5ty-"o ye>s :i* he sp5t 9 ?is delightful occupation1 he made va/ additions to a/ronomical sci5ce4 ,9 ord] to in/ruct ! "y 9 ! art ( obs]vation1 & educate assi/ants = 8 obs]vatory1 he _h sometimes "u 8 ro( f six to twelve pupils1 :om he bo>d$ & educat$4 ,"s ( ^! 7 nam$ by ! ,k+1 & educat$ at 8 exp5se4 ,o!rs 7 s5t by diff]5t academies & cities2 & sev]al1 :o _h pres5t$ !mselves ( _! own accord1 7 lib]ally admitt$ by ! g5]\s a/ronom]4 ,z ,ty*o _h sp5t ne>ly a ton ( gold 7ab\t #ajj1jjj doll>s7 9 8 outlay at ,uraniburg1 8 own income 0 r$uc$ to v n>r[ limits4 ,to supply ?is defect1 ,fr$]ick gave him an annual p5sion ( #bjjj doll>s1 beside an e/ate 9 ,norway1 & made him ,canon ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur* ( ,ro?s*ild1 or ,preb5d ( ,/ ,laur5ce1#ci :i* _h an annual income ( #ajjj doll>s1 & :i* 0 burd5$ only ) ! exp5se ( keep+ up ! *apel conta9+ ! ,mausolea ( ! ,k+s ( ! family ( ,old5burg4 #ci ,?is (fice _h be5 usually conf]r$ on ! ,k+'s ,*ancellor4 ,x w\ld be an unpr(itable task1 & "o by no means int]e/+ to ! g5]al read]1 to give a detail$ hi/ory ( ! v>i\s a/ronomical obs]vations & discov]ies :i* 7 made by ,ty*o dur+ ! tw5ty ye>s t he sp5t at ,uraniburg4 ,e ph5om5on t appe>$ 9 ! heav5s1 he obs]v$ ) ! greate/ c>e2 :ile he at ! same "t c>ri$ on regul> s]ies ( obs]vations = det]m9+ ! places ( ! fix$ />s1 & = improv+ ! tables ( ! sun1 moon1 & planets4 ,?\gh almo/ :olly devot$ to ^! noble pursuits1 yet he kept an op5 h\se1 & receiv$1 ) unb\nd$ hospitality1 ! cr[ds ( philosoph]s1 nobles1 & pr9ces :o came to be introduc$ to ! fir/ a/ronom] ( ! age1 & to admire ! spl5did temple :i* ! ,dani% ,sov]eign _h consecrat$ to sci5ce4 ,among ! /rang]s :om he receiv$ "u 8 ro(1 !re 7 "s :o return$ 8 k9dness ) +ratitude4 ,among ^! 0 ,paul ,witi*ius1 a ma!matician2 :o1 "u ! pret5ce ( devot+ 8 :ole life to a/ronomy1 ins9uat$ himself into ! utmo/ famili>ity ) ,ty*o4 ,! unsuspect+ a/ronom] expla9$ to 8 gue/ all 8 inv5tions1 describ$ all 8 me?ods1 & ev5 made him acqua9t$ ) ^? views :i* he _h n realis$1 & ) in/rum5ts :i* he _h n yet execut$4 ,:5 ,witi*ius _h ?us obta9$ possession ( ! me?ods1 & inv5tions1 & views ( ,ty*o1 & _h enjoy$ 8 hospitality = ?ree mon?s1 he pret5d$ t he 0 oblig$ to return to ,g]many to receive an inh]itance to :i* he _h succe$$4 ,aft] quitt+ ,uraniburg1 ?is ungrateful ma!matician nei!r return$ to see ,ty*o1 nor kept up any correspond5ce ) him2 & x 0 n till five ye>s aft] 8 dep>ture t ,ty*o le>n$1 f ! lett]s ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,hesse to ,ranzau1 t ,witi*ius _h pass$ ?r\gh ,hesse1 & _h describ$1 z 8 own1 ! v>i\s inv5tions & me?ods :i* _h be5 %ewn to him 9 ,hu54 ,be+ unable to reconcile 8 own obs]vations ) ^? ( ,cop]nicus1 & ) ! ,prut5ic ,tables1 ,ty*o resolv$ to obta9 new det]m9ations ( ! latitude ( ,frau5burg1 9 ,prussia1 :]e ,cop]nicus made 8 obs]vations1 & ( ,konigsb]g1 to ! m]idian ( :i* ,rhe9hold _h adapt$ 8 ,prut5ic ,tables4 ,= ^! purposes he s5t "o ( 8 assi/ants1 ,elias ,morsianus1 ) a prop] in/rum5t1 "u ! protection ( ,bylovius1 ,ambassador ( ! ,m>grave ( ,anspa*1 to ! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k1 :o 0 return+ by sea to ,g]many2 & aft] receiv+ ! greate/ att5tion & assi/ance f ! noble ,canons ( ,ermel&1 he det]m9$1 f ne>ly a mon?'s obs]vations on ! sun & />s1 t ! latitude ( ,frau5burg 0 #ed deg4 #bb-a_/b'1 9 place ( #ed deg4 #ai-a_/b'1 z giv5 by ,cop]nicus4 ,9 l mann] he det]m9$ t ! latitude ( ,konigsb]g 0 #ed deg4 #dc'1 9 place ( #ed deg4 #ag'1 z adopt$ by ,rhe9hold4 ,:5 ,morsianus return$ to ,hu5 9 ,july1 he br\ght ) him1 z a pres5t to ,ty*o1 f ,john ,hannovius1 "o ( ! ,canons ( ,ermel&1 ! ,ptolemaic ,rules1 or ! ,p>allactic ,in/rum5t :i* ,cop]nicus _h us$ & made ) 8 own h&s4 ,x consi/$ ( two equal wood5 rules1 five cubits long1 & divid$ into #adad p>ts4 ,ty*o pres]v$ ?is gift z "o peculi>ly de> to him1 &1 on ! day ( 8 receiv+ x1 he compos$ a set ( v]ses 9 hon\r ( ! great a/ronom] to :om x belong$4 ,among ! di/+ui%$ visits :i* 7 paid to ,ty*o1 we mu/ enum]ate t ( ,ulric1 ,duke ( ,meckl5burg1 9 #aehf4 ,al?\gh 8 daught]1 ,sophia1 ,que5 ( ,d5m>k1 _h already paid two visits to ,uraniburg 9 ! same ye>1 yet su* 0 h] love ( a/ronomy1 t %e accompani$ h] fa!r & 8 wife ,elizabe? on ?is occasion4 ,ulric 0 n only fond ( sci5ce 9 g5]al1 b _h = _m ye>s devot$ himself to *emical pursuits1 & he 0 !re=e peculi>ly gratifi$ 9 exam9+ ! spl5did laboratory & ext5sive app>atus :i* ,ty*o possess$4 ,x has be5 said by "s ( ! biograph]s ( ,ty*o1 t ! ,l&grave ( ,hesse visit$ ,uraniburg ab\t ?is p]iod2 b ?is op9ion is n correct1 z x 0 only 8 a/ronom] & optician1 ,ro?man1 :o made a j\rney to ,hu5 9 #aeia = ! recov]y ( 8 heal?4 ,ty*o _h long c>ri$ on a correspond5ce ) ?is able a/ronom] respect+ ! obs]vations made at ! obs]vatory ( ,hesse-,cassel1 &1 dur+ ! few mon?s :i* !y n[ sp5t toge!r1 !y discuss$ 9 ! ample/ mann] all ! que/ions :i* _h previ\sly be5 agitat$4 ,ro?man 0 a/oni%$ at ! wond]ful app>atus :i* he saw at ,uraniburg1 & return$ to 8 native c\ntry *>m$ ) ! hospitality ( ! ,dani% a/ronom]4 ,hi!rto we h foll[$ ,ty*o ?r\gh a c>e] ( almo/ unexampl$ prosp]ity4 ,:5 he _h sc>cely rea*$ 8 ?irtie? ye> he 0 e/abli%$1 by ! k9dness & lib]ality ( 8 sov]eign1 9 ! mo/ spl5did obs]vatory t _h ev] be5 erect$ 9 ,europe2 & a ?riv+ family1 an ample income1 & a widely ext5d$ reputation 7 add$ to 8 bless+s4 ,( ! value ( ^! gifts he 0 deeply s5sible1 & he enjoy$ !m ! m t he receiv$ !m ) a grateful he>t4 ,ty*o 0 a *ri/ian z well z a philosoph]4 ,! p[]s ( 8 gift$ m9d h be5 amply display$ 9 8 a/ronomical lab\rs2 b we %all n[ h occasion to witness 8 piety & resignation 9 submitt+ to an unexpect$ & an adv]se de/9y4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,ty*o's ,lab\rs d hon\r to 8 ,c\ntry--,dea? ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii4--,james ,,vi4 ( ,scotl& visits ,ty*o at ,uraniburg--,*ri/ian ,,iv4 visits ,ty*o--,! ,duke ( ,brunswick's visit to ,ty*o--,! ,dani% ,nobility1 jeal\s ( 8 fame1 conspire aga9/ him--,he is compell$ to quit ,uraniburg--,& to ab&on 8 ,/udies--,cruelty ( ! ,m9i/] ,wal*5dorp--,ty*o quits ,d5m>k ) 8 ,family & ,in/rum5ts--,is hospitably receiv$ by ,c\nt ,rantzau--,:o introduces him to ! ,emp]or ,rudolph--,! ,emp]or invites him to ,prague--,he gives him a ,p5sion ( #cjjj ,cr[ns--,& ! ,ca/le ( ,b5a* z a ,resid5ce & an ,obs]vatory--,kepl] visits ,ty*o--,:o obta9s = him ! ,appo9tm5t ( ,ma!matician to ,rudolph4 ,! love ( a/ronomy :i* _h be5 s unequivocally exhibit$ by ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 & 8 ,royal ,consort1 inspir$ _! c\rti]s ) at lea/ an outw>d respect = sci5ce2 & among ! m9i/]s & advis]s ( ! ,k+1 ,ty*o reckon$ _m ard5t fri5ds4 ,x 0 e :]e felt t ,d5m>k _h elevat$ h]self among ! nations ( ,europe by h] lib]ality to ,ty*o2 & ! peaceful glory :i* he _h 9 return conf]r$ ^u 8 c\ntry 0 n ( a k9d to dissatisfy ev5 rival nations4 ,9 ! conque/s ( sci5ce no wid['s or orphan's te>s are %$1 no captives are dragg$ f _! homes1 & no devot$ victims are yok$ to ! *>iot :eels ( ! triumphant philosoph]4 ,! newly acquir$ doma9s ( k belong1 9 "r ( conque/1 to all nations1 & ,d5m>k _h n[ e>n$ ! gratitude ( ,europe by ! magnitude z well z ! success ( h] cont+5t4 ,an ev5t1 h[ev]1 n[ occurr$ :i* ?reat5$ ) de/ruction ! int]e/s ( ,dani% sci5ce4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ,april #aehh1 ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 di$ 9 ! #ed? ye> ( 8 age1 & ! #bi? ( 8 reign4 ,8 rema9s 7 convey$ to ,ro?s*ild1 & deposit$ 9 ! *apel "u ,ty*o's c>e1 :]e a f9ely execut$ bu/ ( him 0 aft]w>ds plac$4 ,8 son & successor1 ,*ri/ian ,,iv41 0 only 9 ! #aa? ye> ( 8 age1 & ?\gh 8 temp] & disposition 7 good1 yet ,ty*o _h reason to be al>m$ at ! possibility ( 8 discont9u+ ! patronage ( a/ronomy4 ,! ta/e = sci5ce1 h[ev]1 :i* _h sprung up 9 ! ,dani% ,c\rt _h ext5d$ itself no wid] ?an ! influ5ce ( ! reign+ sov]eign4 ,! p>asites ( royalty saw !mselves eclips$ 9 ! bright r5[n :i* ,ty*o _h acquir$1 & e new visit to ,uraniburg by a =eign pr9ce suppli$ fre% fuel to ! ranc\r :i* _h long be5 smo!r+ 9 _! brea/s4 ,! accession ( a y\?ful k+ held out to 8 enemies an opportunity ( de/roy+ ! influ5ce ( ,ty*o2 & ?\gh no adv]se /ep 0 tak51 yet he _h ! sagacity to =esee1 9 trifles light z air1 ! approa*+ confirmation ( 8 fe>s4 ,hope1 h[ev]1 /ill *e]$ him amid 8 lab\rs1 b t hope 0 f\nd$ *iefly on ! le>n+ & "* ( ,nicolas ,caasius1 ! ,*ancellor ( ! ,k+dom1 f :om he _h exp]i5c$ ! w>me/ att5tions4 ,among ! pr9ces :o visit$ ,uraniburg1 !re 7 none :o conduct$ !mselves ) m condesc5sion & g5]osity ?an our own sov]eign1 ,james ,,vi4 ,9 ! ye> #aeij1 :5 ! ,scotti% ,k+ repair$ to ,d5m>k to celebrate 8 m>riage ) ! ,pr9cess ,anne1 ! ,k+'s si/]1 he paid a visit to ,ty*o1 att5d$ by 8 c\ncillors & a l>ge suite ( nobility4 ,dur+ ! eight days :i* he sp5t at ,uraniburg1 ,james c>ri$ on long discussions ) ,ty*o on v>i\s subjects1 b *iefly on ! motion :i* ,cop]nicus _h ascrib$ to ! e>?4 ,he exam9$ n>r[ly all ! a/ronomical in/rum5ts1 & made himself acqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples ( _! con/ruction & ! me?od ( us+ !m4 ,he inspect$ ! bu/s & pictures 9 ! museum1 & :5 he p]ceiv$ ! portrait ( ,george ,bu*anan1 8 own preceptor1 he c\ld n refra9 f ! /ronge/ expressions ( delight4 ,^u quitt+ ! hospitable ro( ( ,ty*o1 ,james n only pres5t$ him ) a magnific5t donation1 b aft]w>ds gave him 8 royal lic5se to publi% 8 works 9 ,engl& dur+ sev5ty ye>s4 ,?is lic5se 0 accompani$ ) ! foll[+ high eulogium on 8 abilities & le>n+3--,nor h ,i become acqua9t$ ) ^! ?+s only f ! relation ( o!rs1 or f a b>e inspection ( y\r works1 b ,i h se5 !n be=e my own eyes1 & h he>d !m ) my own e>s1 9 y\r resid5ce at ,uraniburg1 & h drawn !m f ! v>i\s le>n$ & agreeable conv]sations :i* ,i !re held ) y1 & :i* ev5 n[ affect my m9d to su* a degree1 t x is difficult to det]m9e :e!r ,i recollect !m ) great] pleasure or admiration2 z ,i n[ will+ly te/ify1 by ?is lic5se1 to pres5t & to future g5]ations1 c4 ,at ! reque/ ( ,ty*o1 ! ,k+ also compos$ & wrote 9 8 own h& "s ,lat9 v]ses1 :i* 7 m complim5t>y ?an classical4 ,8 ,*ancellor _h also compos$ "s v]ses ( a simil> "* dur+ 8 visit to ,ty*o4 ,a %ort specim5 ( ^! w be deem$ suffici5t by ! classical read]3-- ,vidit et ob/upuit ,rex ,hu5num ,scoticus almam2 ,miratus cl>i tot monum5ta viri4 ,9 ! ye> #aeia1 :5 ,*ri/ian ,,iv4 _h rea*$ 8 #ad? ye>1 he express$ a desire to pay a visit to ,uraniburg4 ,he accord+ly set out ) a l>ge p>ty1 consi/+ ( 8 ?ree pr9cipal s5ators1 & o!r c\ncillors & noblem52 & hav+ exam9$ ! v>i\s in/rum5ts 9 ! obs]vatories & laboratory1 he propos$ to ,ty*o v>i\s que/ions on me*anics & ma!matics1 b p>ticul>ly on ! pr9ciples ( =tification & %ip build+4 ,hav+ obs]v$ t he p>ticul>ly admir$ a brass globe1 :i*1 by means ( int]nal :eelwork1 imitat$ ! diurnal motion ( ! heav5s1 ! ris+ & sett+ ( ! sun1 & ! phases ( ! moon1 ,ty*o made him a pres5t ( x1 & receiv$ 9 return an elegant gold *a91 ) 8 ,maje/y's picture1 ) an assurance ( 8 unalt]able atta*m5t & protection4 ,not)/&+ ?is assurance1 ,ty*o _h already1 z we h /at$1 begun to suspect ! designs ( 8 enemies2 & 9 a lett] address$ to ! ,l&grave ( ,hesse1 e>ly 9 #aeia1 he ?r[s out "s h9ts :i* indicat$ ! anxieties t agitat$ 8 m9d4 ,! ,l&grave ( ,hesse1 z if he _h he>d "s rum\rs unfav\rable to ! prospects ( ,ty*o1 reque/$ him to write him respect+ ! /ate ( ! ,k+dom1 & conc]n+ 8 own private affairs4 ,to ?is lett]1 :i* 0 dat$ e>ly 9 ,febru>y1 ,ty*o repli$ ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,he in=m$ ! ,l&grave t he l$ a private life 9 8 own isl&1 exempt f all (ficial functions1 & nev] will+ly tak+ a "p 9 public affairs4 ,he 0 desir\s ( leav+ ! ambition ( public hon\rs to o!rs1 & ( devot+ himself :olly to ! /udy ( philosophy & a/ronomy2 & he express$ a hope t if he %\ld be involv$ 9 ! tumults & tr\bles ( life1 ei!r by 8 own de/9y or by evil c\nsels1 he might be able1 by ! bless+ ( ,god1 to extricate himself by ! =ce ( 8 m9d & ! integrity ( 8 life4 ,he com=t$ himself ) ! idea t e soil 0 ! c\ntry ( a great man1 & t :]ev] he w5t ! blue sky w\ld /ill be ov] 8 head2#dj & he di/9ctly /ates at ! close ( 8 lett]1 t he _h ?\ght ( transf]r+ 8 resid5ce to "s o!r place1 z !re 7 "s ( ! ,k+'s c\ncillors :o _h already begun to calumniate 8 /udies1 & to grudge him 8 p5sion f ! treasury4 #dj ,omne solum =ti patria1 et coelum undique supra e/4 ,! causes :i* l$ to ?is *ange ( feel+ on ! "p ( ,*ri/ian ,,iv4's advis]s h n be5 expla9$ by ! biograph]s ( ,ty*o4 ,x has be5 /at$1 9 g5]al t]ms1 t he _h made _m enemies1 by ! ke5ness ( 8 temp] & ! sev]ity ( 8 satire2 b ,i h n be5 able to discov] any di/9ct examples ( ^! peculi>ities ( 8 m9d4 ,9 an ev5t1 inde$1 :i* occurr$ ab\t ?is "t1 he slightly res5t$ a piece ( m>k$ incivility on ! "p ( ,h5ry ,julius1 ,duke ( ,brunswick1 :o _h m>ri$ ! ,pr9cess ,eliza ( ,d5m>k2 b x is n likely t s trivial an affair1 if x 7 kn[n at c\rt1 c\ld h call$ d[n ^u him ! ho/ility ( ! ,k+'s advis]s4 ,! ,duke ( ,brunswick _h1 9 #aeij1 paid a visit to ,uraniburg1 & _h p>ticul>ly admir$ an antique brass /atue ( ,m]cury1 ab\t a cubit long1 :i* ,ty*o _h plac$ 9 ! ro( ( ! hypocau/ or c5tral crypt ( ! ,/i]n-b]g obs]vatory4 ,by means ( a conceal$ me*anism1 x mov$ r\nd 9 a circul> orbit4 ,! ,duke reque/$ ! /atue & its ma*9]y1 :i* ,ty*o gave him1 on ! condition t he %\ld obta9 a model ( x1 = ! purpose ( hav+ ano!r execut$ by a skilful workman4 ,! ,duke n only =got 8 promise1 b paid no att5tion to ! lett]s :i* 7 address$ to him4 ,ty*o 0 ju/ly irritat$ at ?is unpr9cely conduct1 & ord]$ ?is anecdote to be ins]t$ 9 ! description ( ,uraniburg :i* he 0 n[ prep>+ = publication4 ,9 ! ye> #aeib1 ,ty*o lo/ 8 di/+ui%$ fri5d & correspond5t ! ,pr9ce ( ,hesse1 & a/ronomy "o ( its mo/ active & intellig5t cultivators4 ,8 grief on ?is occasion 0 deep & s9c]e1 & he gave utt]ance to 8 feel+s 9 an impassion$ elegy1 9 :i* he record$ ! virtues & tal5ts ( 8 fri5d4 ,pr9ce ,maurice1 ! son & successor ( ! ,l&grave1 cont9u$1 ) ! assi/ance ( able obs]v]s1 to keep up ! reputation ( ! obs]vatory ( ,hesse-,cassel2 & ! obs]vations :i* 7 !re made 7 aft]w>ds publi%$ by ,snellius4 ,! ext5sive & valuable correspond5ce betwe5 ,ty*o & ! ,l&grave 0 prep>$ = publication ab\t ! beg9n+ ( #aeic1 & conta9s also ! lett]s ( ,ro?man & ,rantzau4 ,= sev]al ye>s ! /udies ( ,ty*o _h be5 treat$ ) an unwill+ tol]ation by ! ,dani% ,c\rt4 ,_m ( ! nobles envi$ ! munific5t e/abli%m5t :i* he _h receiv$ f ,fr$]ick1 & ! lib]al p5sion :i* he drew f 8 treasury4 ,b among 8 mo/ active enemies 7 "s physicians1 :o envi$ 8 reputation z a successful & a gratuit\s practition] ( ! heal+ art4 ,numb]s ( invalids flock$ to ,hu51 & diseases1 :i* resi/$ all o!r me?ods ( cure1 are said to h yield$ to ! panaceal prescription ( ! a/rolog]4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( su* motives1 ^! individuals succe$$ 9 excit+ aga9/ ,ty*o ! ho/ility ( ! c\rt4 ,!y drew ! public att5tion to ! exhau/$ /ate ( ! treasury4 ,!y ma9ta9$ t he _h possess$ too long ! e/ate 9 ,norway1 :i* might be giv5 to m5 :o lab\r$ m usefully = ! commonweal?2 & !y accus$ him ( all[+ ! *apel at ,ro?s*ild to fall into decay4 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,c\ncil1 ,*ri/oph] ,wal*5dorp1 & ! ,k+'s ,*ancellor1 7 ! mo/ active ( ! enemies ( ,ty*o2 &1 hav+ poison$ ! m9d ( _! sov]eign aga9/ ! mo/ m]itori\s ( 8 subjects1 ,ty*o 0 depriv$ ( 8 canonry1 8 e/ate 9 ,norway1 & 8 p5sion4 ,be+ no long] able to be> ! exp5ses ( 8 e/abli%m5t 9 ,hu51 & dread+ t ! feel+s :i* _h be5 excit$ aga9/ him might be /ill fur!r r\s$1 s z to deprive him ( ! ,isl& ( ,hu5 itself1 he resolv$ to transf] 8 in/rum5ts to "s o!r situation4 ,not)/&+ ?is resolution1 he rema9$ ) 8 family 9 ! isl&1 & cont9u$ 8 obs]vations till ! spr+ ( #aeig1 :5 he took a h\se 9 ,cop5hag51 & remov$ to x all 8 small] & m portable in/rum5ts1 leav+ ^? :i* 7 l>ge or fix$ 9 ! crypts ( ,/i]n-b]g4 ,8 fir/ plan 0 to remove e ?+ f ,hu5 z a measure ( security2 b ! public feel+ began to turn 9 8 fav\r1 & !re 7 _m good m5 9 ,cop5hag5 :o did n scruple to reprobate ! conduct ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,c\ncil1 ,wal*5dorp--a "n :i*1 :ile ! heav5s revolve1 w be pron\nc$ ) horror by a/ronom]s--saw ! *ange ( s5tim5t :i* 8 inju/ice _h produc$1 & adopt$ an artful me?od ( %elt]+ himself f public odium4 ,9 consequ5ce ( a qu>rel ) ,ty*o1 ! recollection ( :i* _h rankl$ 9 8 brea/1 he dread$ to be ! prime mov] 9 8 p]secution4 ,he !re=e appo9t$ a committee ( two p]sons1 "o ( :om 0 ,?omas ,feu*ius1 to report to ! gov]nm5t on ! nature & utility ( ! /udies ( ,ty*o4 ,^! two individuals 7 entirely ignorant ( a/ronomy & ! use ( in/rum5ts2 & ev5 if !y _h n1 !y w\ld h be5 equally subs]vi5t to ! views ( ! m9i/]4 ,!y report$ t ! /udies ( ,ty*o 7 ( no value1 & t !y 7 n only useless1 b noxi\s4 ,arm$ ) ?is report1 ,wal*5dorp prohibit$ ,ty*o1 9 ! ,k+'s "n1 f cont9u+ 8 *emical exp]im5ts2 & in/igat$1 no d\bt1 by ?is wick$ m9i/]1 an attack 0 made ^u himself1 & 8 %eph]d or 8 /ew>d 0 injur$ 9 ! affray4 ,ty*o 0 provok$ to rev5ge himself ^u 8 enemies1 & ! judge 0 comm&$ n to int]f]e 9 ! matt]4 ,?us p]secut$ by 8 enemies1 ,ty*o resolv$ to rema9 no long] 9 an ungrateful c\ntry4 ,he c>ri$ f ,hu5 e ?+ t 0 moveable1 & hav+ pack$ up 8 in/rum5ts1 8 crucibles1 & 8 books1 he hir$ a %ip to convey !m to "s =eign l&4 ,8 wife1 8 five sons & f\r daught]s1 8 male & 8 female s]vants1 & _m ( 8 pupils & assi/ants1 among :om 7 ,t5gnagel1 8 future son-9-law1 & ! celebrat$ ,longomontanus1 emb>k$ at ,cop5hag51 to seek ! hospitality ( "s bett] c\ntry ?an _! own4 ,freight$ ) ! glory ( ,d5m>k1 ?is int]e/+ b>k made ! be/ ( its way across ! ,baltic1 & arriv$ safely at ,ro/o*4 ,"h ! exil$ patri>* f\nd _m ( 8 e>ly fri5ds1 p>ticul>ly ,h5ry ,bruce1 an able a/ronom]1 to :om he _h =m]ly pres5t$ "o ( 8 brass quadrants4 ,! approa* ( ! plague1 h[ev]1 prev5t$ ,ty*o f mak+ any arrangem5ts = a p]man5t resid5ce2 &1 hav+ receiv$ a w>m invitation f ,c\nt ,h5ry ,rantzau1 :o liv$ 9 ,hol/e9 at ! ,ca/le ( ,w&esb]g1 ne> ,hamburg1 he w5t ) all 8 family1 ab\t ! end ( #aeig1 to enjoy ! hospitality ( 8 fri5d4 ,?\gh ,ty*o d]iv$ ! highe/ pleasure f ! k9dness & conv]sation ( ,c\nt ,rantzau1 yet a cl\d ov]%ad[$ ! future1 & he _h yet to seek = a patron & a home4 ,8 hopes 7 fix$ on ! ,emp]or ,rudolph1 :o 0 n only fond ( sci5ce1 b :o 0 especially addict$ to al*emy & a/rology1 & 8 fri5d ,rantzau promis$ to h him introduc$ to ! ,emp]or by prop] lett]s4 ,:5 ,ty*o le>n$ t ,rudolph 0 p>ticul>ly fond ( me*anical in/rum5ts & ( *emi/ry1 he resolv$ to complete & to d$icate to him 8 "w on ! me*anics ( a/ronomy1 & to add to x an acc\nt ( 8 *emical lab\rs4 ,?is task he soon p]=m$1 & 8 "w appe>$ 9 #aeih "u ! title ( ,ty*onis ,brahe1 ,a/ronomiae in/auratae ,me*anica4 ,along ) ?is "w he transmitt$ to ! ,emp]or a copy ( 8 ,,ms4 catalogue ( #ajjj fix$ />s4 ,) ^! pro(s ( 8 s]vices to sci5ce1 & in/igat$ by v>i\s lett]s 9 8 fav\r1 ! ,emp]or ,rudolph desir$ 8 ,vice-,*ancellor to s5d = ,ty*o1 & to assure him t he w\ld be receiv$ accord+ to 8 great m]its1 & t no?+ %\ld be want+ to promote 8 sci5tific /udies4 ,leav+ 8 wife & daught]s at ,w&esb]g1 & tak+ ) him 8 sons & 8 pupils1 ,ty*o w5t to ,wittemb]g2 b hav+ le>n$ t ! plague _h brok5 out at ,prague1 & t ! ,emp]or _h gone to ,pils51 he def]r$ = a :ile 8 j\rney into ,bohemia4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ ( #aeii1 :5 ! pe/il5ce _h ceas$ at ,prague1 & ! ,emp]or _h return$ to 8 capital1 ,ty*o set out = ,bohemia4 ,on 8 arrival at ,prague1 he f\nd a spl5did h\se ready = 8 reception1 & a k9d message f ! ,emp]or1 prohibit+ him f pay+ 8 respects to him till he _h recov]$ f ! fatigues ( 8 j\rney4 ,on 8 pres5tation to ,rudolph1 ! g5]\s ,emp]or receiv$ him ) ! mo/ di/+ui%$ k9dness4 ,he ann\nc$ to him t he 0 to receive an annual p5sion ( #cjjj cr[ns2 t an e/ate w\ld z soon z possible be settl$ ^u him & 8 family & _! successors2 t a t[n h\se w\ld be provid$ = him2 & t he might h 8 *oice ( v>i\s ca/les & h\ses 9 ! c\ntry z ! site ( 8 obs]vatory & laboratory4 ,! ,emp]or _h also tak5 c>e to provide e ?+ t 0 necess>y = ,ty*o's imm$iate wants2 & s ov]:elm$ 0 he ) su* unexpect$ k9dness1 t he rem>k$ t1 z he c\ld n f9d words to express 8 gratitude1 ! :ole heav5s w\ld speak = him1 & po/]ity %\ld "k :at a refuge 8 great & good ,sov]eign _h be5 to ! ,que5 ( ! ,arts4 ,among ! num]\s fri5ds :om ,ty*o f\nd at ,prague1 7 8 correspond5ts ,coroducius & ,hagecius1 & 8 b5efactor ,b>rovitius1 ! ,emp]or's secret>y4 ,he 0 congratulat$ by !m all on 8 di/+ui%$ reception at c\rt1 & 0 reg>d$ z ! ,a,eneas ( sci5ce1 :o _h be5 driv5 f 8 peaceful home1 & :o _h c>ri$ ) him to ! ,latium ( ,g]many 8 wife1 8 *ildr51 & 8 h\sehold gods4 ,if ext]nal circum/ances c\ld remove ! sorr[s ( ! pa/1 ,ty*o mu/ n[ h be5 supremely happy4 ,9 8 spaci\s mansion1 :i* _h belong$ to 8 fri5d ,curtius1 he f\nd a position = "o ( 8 be/ in/rum5ts1 & hav+ cov]$ ) poetical inscriptions ! f\r sides ( ! p$e/al on :i* x /ood1 9 hon\r ( 8 b5efactors1 z well z ( =m] a/ronom]s1 he resum$ ) dilig5ce 8 exam9ation ( ! />s4 ,:5 ,rudolph saw ! magnific5t in/rum5ts :i* ,ty*o _h br\ght along ) him1 & _h acquir$ "s k ( _! use1 he press$ him to s5d to ,d5m>k = ! /ill l>g] ones :i* he _h left at ,/i]n-b]g4 ,9 ! meantime1 he gave him ! *oice ( ! ca/les ( ,br&isium1 ,lyssa1 & ,b5a* z 8 c\ntry resid5ce2 & aft] visit+ !m ab\t ! end ( ,may1 ,ty*o gave ! pref]5ce to ,b5a*1 :i* 0 situat$ ^u a ris+ gr\nd1 & comm&$ an ext5sive horizon4 ,x conta9$ spl5did & commodi\s build+s1 & 0 almo/1 z he calls x1 a small city1 situat$ on ! /ream ,lisor1 ne> its conflu5ce ) ! ,albis4 ,x /ood a little to ! ea/ & nor? ( ,prague1 & 0 di/ant f t city only five ,g]man miles1 or ab\t six h\rs' j\rney4 ,on ! #bj? ( ,augu/1 ! ,prefect ( ,br&isium gave ,ty*o possession ( 8 new resid5ce4 ,8 gratitude to 8 royal patron 0 copi\sly display$1 n only 9 a ,lat9 poem writt5 on ! occasion1 b 9 ,lat9 inscriptions :i* he plac$ above ! doors ( 8 obs]vatory & 8 laboratory4 ,9 ord] t he might e/abli% an a/ronomical s*ool at ,prague1 he wrote to ,longomontanus1 ,kepl]1 ,mull]1 ,david ,fabricius1 & two /ud5ts at ,wittemb]g1 :o 7 good calculators1 reque/+ !m to reside ) him at ,b5a*1 z 8 assi/ants & pupils3 ,he at ! same "t dispat*$ 8 de/9$ son-9-law1 ,t5gnagel1 accompani$ by ,pascal ,muleus1 to br+ home 8 wife & daught]s f ,w&esb]g1 & 8 in/rum5ts f ,hu52 & he begg$ t ,longomontanus w\ld accompany !m to ,d5m>k1 & return 9 ! same c>riage ) !m to ,bohemia4 ,kepl] arriv$ at ,prague 9 ,janu>y #afjj1 &1 aft] sp5d+ ?ree or f\r mon?s at ,b5a*1 9 c>ry+ on 8 inquiries & 9 mak+ a/ronomical obs]vations1 he return$ to ,gratz4 ,ty*o _h und]tak5 to obta9 = him ! appo9tm5t ( 8 assi/ant4 ,x 0 arrang$ t ! ,emp]or %\ld all[ him a hundr$ flor9s1 on ! condition t ! /ates ( ,/yria w\ld p]mit him to reta9 8 sal>y = two ye>s4 ,?is s*eme1 h[ev]1 fail$1 & ,kepl] 0 ab\t to /udy m$ic9e1 & (f] himself = a pr(essor%ip ( m$ic9e at ,tub+51 :5 ,ty*o und]took to obta9 him a p]man5t appo9tm5t f ! ,emp]or4 ,kepl]1 accord+ly1 return$ 9 ,septemb] #afja1 &1 on ! recomm5dation ( 8 fri5d1 he 0 nam$ imp]ial ma!matician1 on ! condition ( assi/+ ,ty*o 9 8 obs]vations4 ,ty*o _h exp]i5c$ mu* inconv5i5ce 9 8 resid5ce at ,b5a*1 f 8 ignorance ( ! language & cu/oms ( ! c\ntry1 z well z f o!r causes4 ,he 0 !re=e anxi\s to transf] 8 in/rum5ts to ,prague2 & no soon] 7 8 wi%es convey$ to ! ,emp]or ?an he gave him leave to s5d !m to ! royal g>d5s & ! adjac5t build+s4 ,8 family & 8 l>g] in/rum5ts hav+ n[ arriv$ f ,hu51 ! a/ronom] ) 8 family & 8 prop]ty 7 safely lodg$ 9 ! royal edifice4 ,hav+ f\nd t !re 0 no h\se 9 ,prague m suit$ = 8 purposes ?an t ( 8 late fri5d ,curtius1 ! ,emp]or pur*as$ x f 8 wid[1 & ,ty*o remov$ into x on ! #be? ,febru>y #afja4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,ty*o resumes 8 ,a/ronomical ,obs]vations--,is attack$ ) a ,pa9ful ,disease--,8 ,suff]+s & ,dea? 9 #afja--;,8 ,fun]al--,8 ,temp]--,8 ,turn = ,satire & ,raill]y--,8 ,piety--,acc\nt ( 8 ,a/ronomical ,discov]ies--,8 ,love ( ,a/rology & ,al*ymy--,obs]vations on ! ,"* ( ! ,al*ymi/s--,ty*o's ,elixir--,8 ,fondness = ! ,m>vell\s--,8 ,automata & ,invisible ,bells--,acc\nt ( ! ,idiot1 call$ ,lep1 :om he kept z a ,prophet--,hi/ory ( ,ty*o's ,in/rum5ts--,8 great ,brass ,globe pres]v$ at ,cop5hag5--,pres5t /ate ( ! ,isl& ( ,hu54 ,al?\gh ,ty*o cont9u$ 9 ?is new position to obs]ve ! planets ) 8 usual assiduity1 yet ! recollection ( 8 suff]+s1 & ! inconv5i5ces & disappo9tm5ts :i* he _h exp]i5c$1 began to prey ^u 8 m9d1 & to affect 8 heal?4 ,not)/&+ ! cont9u$ lib]ality ( ! ,emp]or1 & ! k9dness ( 8 fri5ds & pupils1 he 0 yet a /rang] 9 a di/ant l&4 ,mis=tune 0 unable to subdue t love ( c\ntry :i* 0 "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful ( 8 affections2 &1 ?\gh its +ratitude might h brok5 ! *a9 :i* b\nd him to ! l& ( 8 nativity1 x seems only to h rivett$ x m firmly4 ,8 imag9ation1 ?us influ5c$1 acquir$ an undue pr$om9ance ov] 8 judgm5t4 ,he view$ ! mo/ trifl+ occurr5ces z sup]natural indications2 & 9 ^? azure mom5ts :5 ! cl\ds broke f 8 m9d1 & :5 he display$ 8 usual wit & pleasantry1 he frequ5tly turn$ ! conv]sation to ! subject ( 8 latt] end4 ,?is /ate ( m9d 0 ! =]unn]1 ?\gh probably ! effect1 ( a pa9ful disease1 :i* _h1 d\btless1 its orig9 9 ! sev]ity & cont9uity ( 8 /udies4 ,on ! #ac? ,octob]1 :5 he 0 supp+ at ! h\se ( a nobleman call$ ,ros5b]g1 he 0 seiz$ ) a ret5tion ( ur9e1 :i* =c$ him to leave ! p>ty4 ,?is attack cont9u$ ) little int]mission = m ?an a week1 &1 dur+ ?is p]iod1 he suff]$ great pa91 att5d$ ) want ( sleep & tempor>y delirium1 dur+ :i*1 he frequ5tly exclaim$1 ,ne fru/ra vixisse videor4 ,on ! #bd? he recov]$ f ?is pa9ful situation1 & became p]fectly tranquil4 ,8 /r5g?1 h[ev]1 0 gone1 & he saw t he _h n _m h\rs to live4 ,he express$ an anxi\s wi% t 8 lab\rs w\ld r$\nd to ! glory ( 8 ,mak]1 to :om he (f]$ up ! mo/ ard5t pray]s4 ,he enjo9$ 8 sons & 8 son-9-law n to all[ !m to be lo/4 ,he enc\rag$ 8 pupils n to ab&on _! pursuits1 he reque/$ ,kepl] to complete ! ,rudolph9e ,tables1 & to 8 family he recomm5d$ piety & resignation to ! ,div9e w4 ,among ^? :o nev] quitt$ ,ty*o 9 8 illness1 0 ,erick ,brahe1 ,c\nt ,wittehorn1 a ,sw$e1 & a relation ( 8 own1 & ,c\nsellor to ! ,k+ ( ,pol&4 ,?is amiable individual nev] left ! b$side ( 8 fri5d1 & adm9i/]$ to him all ^? att5tions :i* 8 situation requir$4 ,ty*o1 turn+ to him1 ?ank$ him = 8 affectionate k9dness1 & reque/$ him to ma9ta9 ! relation%ip ) 8 family4 ,he !n expir$ )\t pa91 amid ! consolations1 ! pray]s1 & ! te>s ( 8 fri5ds4 ,?is ev5t took place on ! #bd? ( ,octob] #afja1 :5 he 0 only fifty-f\r ye>s & t5 mon?s old4 ,! ,emp]or ,rudolph ev9c$ ! greate/ sorr[ :5 he 0 in=m$ ( ! dea? ( 8 fri5d1 & he gave ord]s t he %\ld be buri$ 9 ! mo/ hon\rable mann]1 9 ! pr9cipal *ur* ( ! anci5t city4#da ,! fun]al took place on ! #d? ,novemb]1 & he 0 int]r$ 9 ! dress ( a nobleman1 & ) ! c]emonies ( 8 ord]4 ,! fun]al oration 0 pron\nc$ by ,jess5ius1 be=e a di/+ui%$ assemblage1 & _m elegies 7 writt5 on 8 dea?4 #da ,! *ur* ( ,ti]s1 :]e a monum5t has be5 erect$ to 8 memory4 ,ty*o 0 a little above ! middle size1 & 9 ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life he 0 slightly corpul5t4 ,he _h r$di% yell[ hair & a ruddy complexion4 ,he 0 ( a sangu9e temp]am5t1 & is said to h be5 sometimes irritable1 & ev5 ob/9ate4 ,?is fail+1 h[ev]1 if he did possess x1 0 n exhibit$ t[>ds 8 pupils or 8 sci5tific fri5ds1 :o ev] ent]ta9$ = him ! w>me/ affection & e/eem4 ,"s ( 8 pupils _h rema9$ 9 8 h\se m ?an tw5ty ye>s2 & 9 ! qu>rel :i* arose betwe5 him & ,kepl]1#db & :i* is all[$ to h orig9at$ entirely 9 ! temp] ( ! latt]1 he conduct$ himself ) ! greate/ pati5ce & =be>ance4 ,!re is reason to ?9k t ! irritability ) :i* he has be5 *>g$ 0 less an affection ( 8 m9d ?an ! effect ( t noble indep5d5ce ( "* :i* belong$ to him1 & t x has be5 inf]r$ *iefly f 8 conduct to "s ( ^? high p]sonages ) :om he 0 br\ght 9 contact4 ,:5 ,wal*5dorp1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,c\ncil1 kick$ 8 fav\rite h\nd1 x 0 no pro( ( irritability ( "* t ,ty*o express$ 9 /rong t]ms 8 disapprobation ( ! de$4 #db ,see ! ,life ( ,kepl]4 ,x 01 d\btless1 a great] weakness 9 8 "* t he indulg$ 8 turn = satire1 )\t be+ able to be> retaliation4 ,8 jocul> habits1 too1 sometimes l$ him into disagreeable positions4 ,:5 ! ,duke ( ,brunswick 0 d9+ ) him at ,uraniburg1 ! ,duke said1 t[>ds ! end ( ! d9n]1 t1 z x 0 late1 he mu/ be go+4 ,ty*o jocul>ly rem>k$ t ?is c\ld n be done )\t 8 p]mission2 ^u :i* ! ,duke rose & left ! p>ty1 )\t tak+ leave ( 8 ho/4 ,ty*o became indignant 9 8 turn1 & cont9u$ to sit at table2 b1 z if rep5t+ ( :at he _h done1 he foll[$ ! ,duke1 :o 0 on 8 way to ! %ip1 &1 call+ ^u him1 display$ ! cup 9 8 h&1 z if he _h wa%$ out 8 (f5ce by a draught ( w9e4 ,ty*o 0 a man ( true piety1 & *]i%$ ! deepe/ v5]ation = ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures1 & = ! great tru?s :i* !y reveal4 ,_! pr9ciples regulat$ 8 conduct1 & _! promises animat$ 8 hopes4 ,8 famili>ity ) ! wond]s ( ! heav5s increas$1 in/ead ( dim9i%+1 8 admiration ( ,div9e wisdom1 & 8 daily conv]sation 0 elevat$ by a con/ant ref]5ce to a sup]9t5d+ ,provid5ce4 ,z a practical a/ronom]1 ,ty*o has n be5 surpass$ by any obs]v] ( anci5t or ( mod]n times4 ,! spl5d\r & numb] ( 8 in/rum5ts1 ! +5uity :i* he exhibit$ 9 inv5t+ new ones & 9 improv+ & add+ to ^? :i* 7 =m]ly kn[n1 & 8 skill & assiduity z an obs]v]1 h giv5 a "* to 8 lab\rs1 & a value to 8 obs]vations1 :i* w be appreciat$ to ! late/ po/]ity4 ,! appe>ance ( ! new /> 9 #aegb l$ him to =m a catalogue ( #ggg />s1 va/ly sup]ior 9 accuracy to ^? ( ,hipp>*us & ,ulugh ,beig4 ,8 improvem5ts on ! lun> !ory 7 /ill m valuable4 ,he discov]$ ! important inequality call$ ! v>iation1 & also ! annual inequality :i* dep5ds on ! position ( ! e>? 9 its orbit4 ,he discov]$1 also1 ! inequality 9 ! incl9ation ( ! moon's orbit1 & 9 ! motion ( h] nodes4 ,he det]m9$ ) new accuracy ! a/ronomical refractions f an altitude ( #de deg4 d[n to ! horizon1 :]e he f\nd x to be #cd'2 & he made a va/ collection ( obs]vations on ! planets1 :i* =m$ ! gr\ndwork ( ,kepl]'s discov]ies & ! basis ( ! ,rudolph9e ,tables4 ,ty*o's p[]s ( obs]vation 7 n equall$ by 8 capacity = g5]al views4 ,x 01 p]haps1 ow+ m to 8 v5]ation = ! ,scriptures ?an to ! vanity ( giv+ 8 "n to a new sy/em t he reject$ ! ,cop]nican hypo!sis4 ,h5ce he 0 l$ to propose a new sy/em1 call$ ! ,ty*onic1 9 :i* ! e>? is /ation>y 9 ! c5tre ( ! univ]se1 :ile ! sun1 ) all ! o!r planets & comets revolv+ r\nd him1 p]=ms 8 daily revolution ab\t ! e>?4 ,?is arrangem5t ( ! planets af=d$ a suffici5t explanation ( ! v>i\s ph5om5a ( ! heav5s2 & z x 0 consi/5t ) ! language ( ,scripture1 & con=mable to ! indications ( ! s5ses1 x f\nd _m support]s1 not)/&+ ! physical absurdity ( mak+ ! :ole sy/em revolve r\nd "o ( ! smalle/ ( ! planets4 ,x is a pa9ful transition to pass f ! a/ronomical lab\rs ( ,ty*o to 8 a/rological & *emical pursuits4 ,t ,ty*o /udi$ & practis$ a/rology has be5 univ]sally admitt$4 ,he calculat$ ! nativity ( ! ,emp]or ,rudolph1 & =etold t 8 relations w\ld make "s attempts ^u 8 life4 ,! cr$ul\s ,emp]or confid$ 9 ! pr$iction1 & :5 ! conduct ( 8 bro!r seem$ to ju/ify 8 belief1 he conf9$ himself to 8 palace1 & fell a prey to ! fe> :i* x inspir$4 ,ty*o1 h[ev]1 seems to h entirely r5\nc$ 8 a/rological fai? 9 8 latt] days2 & ,kepl] /ates1#dc 9 ! mo/ po9t$ mann]1 t ,ty*o c>ri$ on 8 a/ronomical lab\rs ) 8 m9d entirely free f ! sup]/itions ( a/rology2 t he d]id$ & dete/$ ! vanity & knav]y ( a/rolog]s1 & 0 conv9c$ t ! />s ex]cis$ no influ5ce on ! de/9ies ( m54 #dc ,9 8 ,preface to ! ,rudolph9e ,tables4 ,al?\gh ,ty*o in=m$ ,ro?man t he devot$ z mu* lab\r & exp5se to ! /udy ( t]re/rial 7*emi/ry7 z he did to t ( cele/ial a/ronomy1 yet x is a s+ul> fact t he nev] publi%$ any acc\nt ( 8 exp]im5ts1 nor has he left among 8 writ+s any trace ( 8 *emical inquiries4 ,he pret5d$1 h[ev]1 to h made discov]ies 9 ! sci5ce1 & we %\ld h be5 dispos$ to reprobate ! apology :i* he makes = n publi%+ !m1 did we n "k t x _h be5 frequ5tly giv5 by ! o!r al*emi/s ( ! age--,on consid]ation1 says he1 & by ! advice ( ! mo/ le>n$ m51 ,i ?\ght x improp] to unfold ! secrets ( ! art 7( al*emy7 to ! vulg>1 z few p]sons 7 capable ( us+ its my/]ies to advantage & )\t detrim5t4 ,admitt+ !n1 z we mu/ d1 t ,ty*o 0 n only a pr(ess$ al*emi/1 b t he 0 practically occupi$ ) its pursuits1 & cont9ually misl$ by its delusions1 x may n be un9t]e/+ to ! read] to consid] h[ f> a belief 9 al*emy1 & a practice ( its arts1 h a f\ndation 9 ! weakness ( human nature2 & to :at ext5t !y are compatible ) ! piety & elevat$ moral feel+ by :i* our au?or 0 di/+ui%$4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( human errors two classes ( impo/ors1 ( v diff]5t *>act]s1 pres5t !mselves to our notice--^? :o wilfully delud$ _! species1 & ^? :o p]mitt$ _! species to delude !mselves4 ,! fir/ ( ^? classes consi/$ ( ! selfi% tyrants :o upheld an unju/ supremacy by sy/ematic delusions1 & ( grovell+ m\ntebanks :o qu5*$ _! av>ici\s ?ir/ at ! f\nta9s ( cr$ulity & ignorance4 ,! second class compreh5d$ spirits ( a nobl] m\ld3 ,x embrac$ ! speculative en?usia/s1 :om ! love ( fame & ( tru? urg$ onw>d1 9 a fruitless rese>*1 & ^? great lights ( k & ( virtue1 :o1 :ile !y /ood =w>d z ! l&m>ks ( ! age :i* !y adorn$1 _h nei!r ! intellectual nor ! moral c\rage to dive/ !mselves ( ! sup]natural radiance ) :i* ! ignorance ( ! vulg> _h encircl$ !m4 ,! ?rones & %r9es1 :i* delusion once su/a9$ ev5 9 ! civiliz$ qu>t] ( ! globe1 are = ev] fall51 & t civil & religi\s lib]ty1 :i* 9 pa/ ages 0 kept d[n by ! m>vell\s exhibitions ( sci5ce to ! s5ses1 is n[ ma9ta9$ by its application to ! reason ( man4 ,! *>latans1 :e!r !y deal 9 moral or 9 physical wond]s1 =m a race :i* is nev] ext9ct4 ,!y migrate to ! diff]5t zones ( ! social sy/em1 & ?\gh !y *ange _! place1 & _! purposes1 & _! victims1 yet _! "* & motives rema9 ! same4 ,! philosophical m9d1 !re=e1 is n dispos$ to /udy ei!r ( ^! v>ieties ( impo/ors2 b ! o!r two families :i* compose ! second class are objects ( p>am\nt int]e/4 ,! ecc5tricities & ev5 ! obliquities ( great m9ds m]it ! scrut9y ( ! metaphysician & ! morali/1 & !y d]ive a peculi> int]e/ f ! /ate ( society 9 :i* !y are exhibit$4 ,_h ,c>dan & ,cornelius ,agrippa liv$ 9 mod]n times1 _! vanity & self-importance w\ld h be5 *eck$ by ! =ms ( society1 & ev5 if _! h>mless pret5sions _h be5 display$1 !y w\ld h disappe>$ 9 ! blaze ( _! g5ius & k4 ,b nurs$ 9 sup]/ition1 & educat$ 9 d>k & turbul5t times1 :5 e ?+ intellectual 0 9 a /ate ( re/less transition1 ! g5ius & "* ( great m5 necess>ily reflect$ ! peculi>ities ( ! age 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,_h hi/ory transmitt$ to u correct details ( ! lead+ al*emi/s & sci5tific magicians ( ! d>k ages1 we %\ld h be5 able to analyse _! actions & _! op9ions1 & trace !m1 probably1 to ! ord9>y pr9ciples by :i* ! human m9d is 9 e age influ5c$ & direct$4 ,b :5 a great man has once become an object ei!r ( int]e/ or ( wond]1 & /ill m :5 he is consid]$ z ! possessor ( k & skill :i* transc5d ! capacity ( ! age1 he is soon trans=m$ into ! h]o ( romance4 ,8 p[]s are ov]rat$1 8 de$s exagg]at$1 & he becomes ! subject ( idle leg5ds1 :i* acquire a firm] hold on cr$ulity f ! slight spr9kl+ ( tru? ) :i* !y are season$4 ,to disclaim ! possession ( l(ty attributes ?us ascrib$ to great m5 is a degree ( humility :i* is n (t5 ex]cis$4 ,b ev5 :5 ?is species ( mode/y is display$1 x nev] fails to defeat its object4 ,x b calls =? a deep] homage1 & fixes ! demigod m firmly 9 8 %r9e4 ,! hi/ory ( le>n+ furni%es u ) _m examples ( t species ( delusion 9 :i* a great m9d submits itself to vulg> adulation1 & r5\nces unwill+ly1 if x r5\nces at all1 ! un5viable reputation ( sup]natural ag5cy4 ,9 cases :]e self-int]e/ & ambition are ! basis ( ?is peculi>ity ( temp]am5t1 & 9 an age :5 ! conjuror & ! al*emi/ 7 ! companions & ev5 ! idols ( pr9ces1 x is easy to trace ! /eps by :i* a gift$ sage reta9s 8 asc5dancy among ! ignorant4 ,! hecatomb :i* is sacrific$ to ! magician1 he receives z an oblation to 8 sci5ce1 & consci\s ( possess+ real end[m5ts1 ! idol dev\rs ! meats t are (f]$ to him )\t analys+ ! motives & expectations "u :i* he is f$4 ,b ev5 :5 ! idolat] & 8 god are n plac$ 9 ?is transv]se relation1 ! love ( p[] or ( notoriety is suffici5t to induce good m5 to l5d a too will+ e> to vulg> te/imony 9 fav\r ( !mselves2 & 9 our own times x is n common to repudiate ! unm]it$ *e]s ( a popul> assembly1 or to (f] a contradiction to fictiti\s tales :i* record our tal5ts or our c\rage1 our *>ity or our piety4 ,! conduct ( ! sci5tific al*emi/s ( ! ?irte5?1 f\rte5?1 & fifte5? c5turies pres5ts a problem ( v difficult solution4 ,:5 we consid] t a gas1 a fluid1 & a solid may consi/ ( ! v same +r$i5ts 9 diff]5t proportions2 t a virul5t poison may diff] f ! mo/ :olesome food only 9 ! diff]5ce ( quantity ( ! v same elem5ts2 t gold & silv]1 & lead & m]cury1 & inde$ all ! metals1 may be extract$ f transp>5t cry/als1 :i* sc>cely diff] 9 _! appe>ance f a piece ( common salt or a bit ( sug>c&y2 & t diamond is no?+ m ?an *>coal1--we ne$ n greatly wond] at ! extravagant expectation t ! preci\s metals & ! noble/ gems might be procur$ f ! base/ mat]ials4 ,^! expectations1 too1 mu/ h be5 (t5 excit$ by ! />tl+ results ( _! daily exp]im5ts4 ,! mo/ ignorant comp\nd] ( simples c\ld n fail to witness ! magical trans=mations ( *emical action2 & e new product mu/ h add$ to ! probability t ! tempt+ d\blets ( gold & silv] might be ?r[n f ! dice-box ) :i* he 0 gambl+4 ,b :5 ! preci\s metals 7 f\nd 9 lead & copp] by ! action ( p[]ful re-ag5ts1 x 0 natural to suppose t !y _h be5 actually =m$ dur+ ! process2 & m5 ( well-regulat$ m9ds ev5 might h ?us be5 l$ to emb>k 9 new adv5tures to procure a m copi\s supply1 )\t any insult be+ (f]$ to sob] reason1 or any injury inflict$ on s\nd morality4 ,:5 an ard5t & ambiti\s m9d is once dazzl$ ) ! fasc9ation ( "s l(ty pursuit1 :]e gold is ! object1 or fame ! impulse1 x is difficult to pause 9 a d\btful c>e]1 & to make a volunt>y %ipwreck ( ! reputation :i* has be5 /ak$4 ,hope /ill *e]s ! aspirant f failure to failure1 till ! loss ( =tune & ! decay ( cr$it di/urb ! s]5ity ( 8 m9d1 & hurry him on to ! la/ res\rce ( baffl$ +5uity & disappo9t$ ambition4 ,! philosoph] ?us becomes an impo/or2 & by ! pret5d$ transmutation ( ! bas] metals into gold1 or ! discov]y ( ! philosoph]'s /one1 he attempts to su/a9 8 s9k+ reputation1 & recov] ! =tune he has lo/4 ,! communication ( ! great secret is n[ ! /aple commodity ) :i* he is to b>t]1 & ! gr& talisman ) :i* he is to conjure4 ,x c be imp>t$ only to a *os5 few--to ^? among ! opul5t :o m]it x by _! virtues1 & c acquire x by _! dilig5ce1 & ! div9e v5geance is ?reat5$ aga9/ its disclosure4 ,a process comm5c+ 9 fraud & t]m9at+ 9 my/icism is convey$ to ! weal?y aspirant1 or in/ill$ into ! "y en?usia/1 & ! gr& my/]y passes curr5t = a season1 till "s cauti\s pr(essor ( ! art1 l ,ty*o1 d5\nces its publication z detrim5tal to society4 ,among ! extravagant pret5sions ( ! al*emi/s1 t ( =m+ a univ]sal m$ic9e 0 p]haps n ! mo/ irrational4 ,x 0 only :5 !y pret5d$ to cure e disease1 & to conf] longevity1 t !y did viol5ce to reason4 ,! success ( ! ,arabian physicians 9 ! use ( m]curial prep>ations naturally l$ to ! belief t o!r m$ic9es1 /ill m g5]al 9 _! application1 & efficaci\s 9 _! heal+ p[]s1 might yet be br\ght to light2 & we h no d\bt t _m sub/antial discov]ies 7 ! result ( su* ov]/ra9$ expectations4 ,ty*o 0 n m]ely a believ] 9 ! m$ical dogmas ( ! al*emi/s1 he 0 actually ! discov]] ( a new elixir1 :i* w5t by 8 "n1 & :i* 0 sold 9 e apo!c>y's %op z a specific aga9/ ! epidemic diseases :i* 7 !n ravag+ ,g]many4 ,! ,emp]or ,rudolph hav+ he>d ( ?is celebrat$ m$ic9e1 obta9$ a small portion ( x f ,ty*o by ! h&s ( ! ,gov]nor ( ,br&isium2 b1 n satisfi$ ) ! gift1 he seems to h appli$ to ,ty*o = an acc\nt ( ! me?od ( prep>+ x4 ,ty*o accord+ly address$ to ! ,emp]or a long lett]1 dat$ ,septemb] #g1 #aeii1 conta9+ a m9ute acc\nt ( ! process4 ,! base ( ?is rem>kable m$ic9e is ,v5etian treacle1 :i* und]goes an inf9ity ( *emical op]ations & admixtures be=e x is ready = ! pati5t4 ,:5 prop]ly prep>$ he assures ! ,emp]or t x is bett] ?an gold1 & t x may be made /ill m valuable by mix+ ) x a s+le scruple ei!r ( ! t9cture ( corals1 or sapphire1 or hyac9?1 or a solution ( pe>ls1 or ( potable gold1 if x c be obta9$ free ( all corrosive matt]6 ,9 ord] to r5d] ! m$ic9e univ]sal = all diseases :i* c be cur$ by p]spiration1 & :i*1 he says1 =m a ?ird ( ^? :i* attack ! human frame1 he comb9es x ) antimony1 a well kn[n sudorific 9 ! pres5t practice ( physic4 ,ty*o concludes 8 lett] by humbly besee*+ ! ,emp]or to keep ! process secret1 & res]ve ! m$ic9e = himself alone6 ,! same disposition ( m9d :i* made ,ty*o an a/rolog] & an al*emi/1 inspir$ him ) a s+ul> love ( ! m>vell\s4 ,he _h v>i\s automata ) :i* he delight$ to a/oni% ! peasants2 & by means ( invisible bells1 :i* communicat$ ) e "p ( 8 e/abli%m5t1 & :i* rung ) ! g5tle/ t\*1 he _h great pleasure 9 br++ any ( 8 pupils sudd5ly be=e /rang]s1 mutt]+ at a p>ticul> "t ! words ,come hi!r1 ,pet]1 z if he _h comm&$ _! pres5ce by "s sup]natural ag5cy4 ,if1 on leav+ home1 he met ) an old woman or a h>e1 he return$ imm$iately to 8 h\se3 ,b ! mo/ extraord9>y ( all 8 peculi>ities rema9s to be notic$4 ,:5 he liv$ at ,uraniburg he ma9ta9$ an idiot ( ! "n ( ,lep1 :o lay at 8 feet :5ev] he sat d[n to d9n]1 & :om he f$ ) 8 own h&4 ,p]suad$ t 8 m9d1 :5 mov$1 0 capable ( =etell+ future ev5ts1 ,ty*o c>efully m>k$ e ?+ he said4 ,le/ x %\ld be suppos$ t ?is 0 done to no purpose1 ,longomontanus relates t :5 any p]son 9 ! isl& 0 sick1 ,lep nev]1 :5 int]rogat$1 fail$ to pr$ict :e!r ! pati5t w\ld live or die4 ,x is /at$ also 9 ! lett]s ( ,wormius1 bo? to ,gass5di & ,peyt]1 t :5 ,ty*o 0 abs5t1 & 8 pupils became v noisy & m]ry 9 consequ5ce ( n expect+ him soon home1 ! idiot1 :o 0 pres5t1 exclaim$1 ,jun*] xaa laudit1 ,y\r ma/] has arriv$4 ,on ano!r occasion1 :5 ,ty*o _h s5t two ( 8 pupils to ,cop5hag5 on bus9ess1 & _h fix$ ! day ( _! return1 ,lep surpris$ him on t day :ile he 0 at d9n]1 by exclaim+1 ,behold y\r pupils are ba?+ 9 ! sea4 ,ty*o1 suspect+ t !y 7 %ipwreck$1 s5t "s p]son to ! obs]vatory to look = _! boat4 ,! mess5g] br\ght back ^w t he saw "s p]sons wet on ! %ore1 & 9 di/ress1 ) a boat upset at a great di/ance4 ,^! /ories h be5 giv5 by ,gass5di1 & may be view$ z specim5s ( ! sup]/ition ( ! age4 ,ty*o left beh9d him a wife & six *ildr51 b ev5 9 ! "t ( ,gass5di no?+ 0 kn[n ( _! hi/ory1 except+ t ,t5gnagel1 :o m>ri$ "o ( ! daught]s1 gave up 8 sci5tific pursuits1 &1 hav+ be5 admitt$ among ! ,emp]or's c\nsellors1 0 employ$ 9 sev]al ( 8 embassies4 ,! in/rum5ts ( ,ty*o 7 pur*as$ f 8 heirs1 by ! ,emp]or1 = #bb1jjj cr[ns4 ,!y 7 %ut up 9 ! h\se ( ,curtius1 & 7 treat$ ) su* v5]ation1 t no a/ronom]1 n ev5 ,kepl] himself1 0 p]mitt$ to see or to use !m4 ,"h !y rema9$ till ! dea? ( ! ,emp]or ,mat?ias1 9 #afai1 :5 ! tr\bles 9 ,bohemia took place4 ,:5 ,prague 0 tak5 by ! =ces ( ! ,elector ,palat9e1 ! in/rum5ts 7 c>ri$ (f1 & "s 7 de/roy$1 & o!rs conv]t$ to diff]5t purposes4 ,! great brass globe1 h[ev]1 0 sav$4 ,x 0 fir/ c>ri$ to ,niessa1 ! episcopal city ( ,silesia2 & hav+ be5 pres5t$ to ! ,college ( ,jesuits1 x 0 pres]v$ 9 _! museum1 till ,udalric1 ! son ( ,*ri/ian1 ,k+ ( ,d5m>k1 took ,niessa 9 #afcb4 ,! globe 0 recogniz$ z hav+ belong$ to ,ty*o1 & x 0 c>ri$ 9 triumph to ,d5m>k4 ,an inscription 0 writt5 ^u x by ,longomontanus1 & x 0 deposit$ ) "s pomp 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces4 ,aft] ,ty*o left ,hu51 ! isl& 0 transf]r$ to "s ( ! ,dani% nobility1 & ! foll[+ brief b melan*oly description ( x 0 giv5 by ,wormius4 ,!re is1 9 ! isl&1 a field :]e ,uraniburg 04 ,! sci5tific antiquities ( ,hu51 h be5 m rec5tly describ$ by ,mr ,cox1 9 8 travels ?r\gh ,d5m>k4 ,we l&$1 says he1 on ! s\? we/ "p 9 a small bay1 j bel[ ! place :]e a /ream1 suppli$ by num]\s pools & fi% ponds1 falls into ! sea4 ,we asc5d$ ! %ore1 :i* is clo!d ) %ort h]bage1 cross$ ! /ream1 & pass$ ov] a g5tly wav+ surface1 gradually slop+ t[>ds ! sea1 & walk$ a mile to a f>m h\se1 /&+ 9 ! middle ( ! isl&1 inhabit$ by ,mr ,s*aw1 a ,sw$i% g5tleman1 to :om ! great] "p ( ! isl& belongs4 ,he lives "h 9 summ]1 b 9 w9t] resides at ,l&scrona4 ,?is dwell+ is ! same z exi/$ 9 ,ty*o ,brahe's "t1 & 0 ! f>m h\se belong+ to 8 e/ate4 ,a guide1 :om we obta9$ f ,mr ,s*aw1 conduct$ u to ! rema9s ( ,ty*o's mansion1 :i* are ne> ! h\se1 & consi/ ( little m ?an a m\nd ( e>? :i* enclos$ ! g>d51 & two pits1 ! sites ( 8 mansion & obs]vatory4#dd #dd ,cox's ,travels 9 ,pol&1 c41 vol4 v41 p4 #ahi1 #aij4 ,,life ,,( ,,john ,,kepl]4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,kepl]'s ,bir? 9 #aega--;,8 ,family--,& e>ly ,education--,! ,di/resses & ,pov]ty ( 8 ,family--,he ent]s ! ,mona/ic ,s*ool ( ,maulbronn--,& is admitt$ into ! ,univ]sity ( ,tub+51 :]e he di/+ui%es himself1 & takes 8 ,degrees--,he is appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,a/ronomy & ,greek 9 #aeid--;,8 fir/ speculations on ! ,orbits ( ! ,planets--,acc\nt ( _! ,progress & ,failure--,8 ,cosmographical ,my/]y publi%$--,he ,m>ries a ,wid[ 9 #aeig--,religi\s tr\bles at ,gratz--,he retires f !nce to ,hung>y--,visits ,ty*o at ,prague 9 #afjj--,returns to ,gratz1 :i* he aga9 quits = ,prague--,he is tak5 ,ill on ! road--,is appo9t$ ,ty*o's ,assi/ant 9 #afja--,succe$s ,ty*o z ,imp]ial ,ma!matician--,8 ,"w on ! ,new ,/> ( #afjd--,s+ul> specim5 ( x4 ,x is a rem>kable circum/ance 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce1 t a/ronomy %\ld h be5 cultivat$ at ! same "t by ?ree su* di/+ui%$ m5 z ,ty*o1 ,kepl]1 & ,galileo4 ,:ile ,ty*o1 9 ! #ed? ye> ( 8 age1 0 obs]v+ ! heav5s at ,prague1 ,kepl]1 only #cj ye>s old1 0 apply+ 8 wild g5ius to ! det]m9ation ( ! orbit ( ,m>s1 & ,galileo1 at ! age ( #cf1 0 ab\t to direct ! telescope to ! unexplor$ regions ( space4 ,! div]sity ( gifts :i* ,provid5ce assign$ to ^! ?ree philosoph]s 0 no less rem>kable4 ,ty*o 0 de/9$ to lay ! f\ndation ( mod]n a/ronomy1 by a va/ s]ies ( accurate obs]vations made ) ! l>ge/ & ! f9e/ in/rum5ts2 x 0 ! pr\d lot ( ,kepl] to d$uce ! laws ( ! planet>y orbits f ! obs]vations ( 8 pr$ecessors2 :ile ,galileo enjoy$ ! m dazzl+ hon\r ( discov]+ by ! telescope new cele/ial bodies1 & new sy/ems ( worlds4 ,john ,kepl]1 ! y\nge/ ( ?is illu/ri\s b&1 0 born at ! imp]ial city ( ,weil1 9 ! du*y ( ,wirtemb]g1 on ! #ba/ ,decemb] #aega4 ,8 p>5ts1 ,h5ry ,kepl] & ,ca!r9e ,guld5mann1 7 bo? ( noble family1 b _h be5 r$uc$ to indig5ce by _! own bad conduct4 ,h5ry ,kepl] _h be5 long 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,duke ( ,wirtemb]g z a petty (fic]1 & 9 t capacity _h wa/$ 8 =tune4 ,^u sett+ out = ! army1 he left 8 wife 9 a /ate ( pregnancy2 &1 at ! end ( sev5 mon?s1 %e gave premature bir? to ,john ,kepl]1 :o 01 f ?is cause1 a sickly *ild dur+ ! fir/ ye>s ( 8 life4 ,be+ oblig$ to jo9 ! army 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 8 wife foll[$ him into ! field1 & left h] son1 !n five ye>s old1 "u ! *>ge ( 8 gr&fa!r at ,limb]g4 ,sometime aft]w>ds he 0 attack$ ) ! smallpox1 & hav+ ) difficulty recov]$ f ?is sev]e malady1 he 0 s5t to s*ool 9 #aegg4 ,hav+ become security = "o ( 8 fri5ds1 :o abscond$ f 8 cr$itors1 ,h5ry ,kepl] 0 oblig$ to sell 8 h\se & all 8 prop]ty1 & 0 driv5 to ! necessity ( keep+ a tav]n at ,elm5d+54 ,ow+ to ^! mis=tunes1 "y ,kepl] 0 tak5 f s*ool ab\t two ye>s aft]w>ds1 & 0 oblig$ to p]=m ! functions ( a s]vant 9 8 fa!r's h\se4 ,9 #aehe1 he 0 aga9 plac$ 9 ! s*ool ( ,elm5d+52 b 8 fa!r & "m hav+ be5 bo? attack$ ) ! smallpox1 & he himself hav+ be5 seiz$ ) a viol5t illness 9 #aehe1 8 education _h be5 mu* neglect$1 & he 0 prohibit$ f all m5tal application4 ,9 ! ye> #aehf1 on ! #bf? ( ,novemb]1 ,kepl] 0 admitt$ into ! s*ool at ! ,mona/]y ( ,maulbronn1 :i* _h be5 e/abli%$ at ! ,re=mation1 & :i* 0 ma9ta9$ at ! exp5se ( ! ,duke ( ,wirtemb]g1 z a prep>atory sem9>y = ! ,univ]sity ( ,tub+54 ,aft] rema9+ a ye> at ! upp] classes1 ! s*ol>s pres5t$ !mselves = exam9ation at ! ,college = ! degree ( ,ba*elor2 & hav+ receiv$ ?is1 !y return$ to ! s*ool ) ! title ( ,vet]ans4 ,"h !y complet$ ! usual c\rse ( /udy2 & be+ admitt$ z resid5t /ud5ts at ,tub+51 !y took _! degree ( ,ma/]4 ,9 prosecut+ ?is c\rse ( /udy1 ,kepl] 0 sadly int]rupt$1 n only by p]iodical returns ( 8 =m] compla9ts1 b by family qu>rels ( ! mo/ s]i\s import4 ,^! diss5sions1 aris+ greatly f ! p]v]s5ess ( 8 "m1 drove 8 fa!r to a =eign l&1 :]e he soon di$2 & 8 "m hav+ qu>rell$ ) all h] relations1 ! affairs ( ! family 7 involv$ 9 inextricable disord]4 ,not)/&+ ^! calamities1 ,kepl] took 8 degree ( ,ba*elor on ! #ae? ,septemb] #aehh1 & 8 degree ( ,ma/] 9 ,augu/ #aeia1 on :i* occasion he held ! second place at ! annual exam9ation4 ,9 8 e>ly /udies1 ,kepl] devot$ himself ) int5se pleasure to philosophy 9 g5]al1 b he ent]ta9$ no peculi> affection = a/ronomy4 ,be+ well gr\nd$ 9 ari?metic & geometry1 he _h no difficulty 9 mak+ himself ma/] ( ! geometrical & a/ronomical !orems :i* occurr$ 9 ! c\rse ( 8 /udies4 ,:ile att5d+ ! lectures ( ,moe/l91 pr(essor ( ma!matics1 :o _h di/+ui%$ himself by an oration 9 fav\r ( ! ,cop]nican sy/em1 ,kepl] n only became a conv]t to ! op9ions ( 8 ma/]1 b def5d$ !m 9 ! physical disputations ( ! /ud5ts1 & ev5 wrote an essay on ! prim>y motion1 9 ord] to prove t x 0 produc$ by ! daily rotation ( ! e>?4 ,9 #aeid1 ! a/ronomical *air at ,gratz1 9 ,/yria1 fell vacant by ! dea? ( ,george ,/adt1 &1 accord+ to ,kepl]'s own /atem5t1 he 0 =c$ to accept ?is situation by ! au?ority ( 8 pr(essional tutors1 :o recomm5d$ him to ! nobles ( ,/yria4 ,?\gh ,kepl] _h little k ( ! sci5ce1 & no passion = x :atev]1 yet ! nature ( 8 (fice =c$ him to att5d to a/ronomy2 &1 9 ! ye> #aeie1 :5 he enjoy$ "s leisure f 8 lectures1 he direct$ ! :ole en]gy ( 8 m9d to ! ?ree important topics ( ! numb]1 ! size1 & ! motion ( ! orbits ( ! planets4 ,he fir/ tri$ if ! size ( ! planets' orbits1 or ! diff]5ce ( _! sizes1 _h any regul> proportion to ea* o!r4 ,f9d+ no pro( ( ?is1 he ins]t$ a new planet betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit]1 & ano!r betwe5 ,v5us & ,m]cury1 :i* he suppos$ might be invisible f _! smallness2 b ev5 ) ^! assumptions ! di/ances ( ! planets exhibit$ no regul> progression4 ,kepl] next tri$ if ^! di/ances v>i$ z ! cos9es ( ! quadrant1 & if _! motion v>i$ z ! sun's1 ! s9e ( #ij repres5t+ ! motion at ! sun1 & ! s9e ( #j deg4 t at ! fix$ />s2 b 9 ?is trial he 0 also disappo9t$4 ,hav+ sp5t ! :ole summ] 9 ^! fruitless speculations1 & pray+ con/antly to 8 ,mak] = success1 he 0 accid5tally draw+ a diagram 9 8 lecture-room1 9 ,july #aeie1 :5 he obs]v$ ! relation betwe5 ! circle inscrib$ 9 a triangle1 & t describ$ r\nd x2 & ! ratio ( ^! circles1 :i* 0 t ( #a to #b1 appe>$ to 8 eye to be id5tical ) t ( ,jupit]'s & ,saturn's orbits4 ,h5ce he 0 l$ to comp>e ! orbits ( ! o!r planets' circles describ$ 9 p5tagons & hexagons4 ,z ?is hypo!sis 0 z inapplicable to ! heav5s z its pr$ecessors1 ,kepl] ask$ himself 9 despair1 ,:at h plane figures to d ) solid orbits8 ,solid bodies ought to be us$ = solid orbits4 ,on ! /r5g? ( ?is conceit1 he suppos$ t ! di/ances ( ! planets 7 regulat$ by ! sizes ( ! five regul> solids describ$ )9 "o ano!r4 ,! ,e>? is ! circle1 ! measur] ( all4 ,r\nd x describe a dodecah$ron2 ! circle includ+ ?is w be ,m>s4 ,r\nd ,m>s describe a tetrah$ron2 ! circle includ+ ?is w be ,jupit]4 ,describe a cube r\nd ,jupit]2 ! circle includ+ ?is w be ,saturn4 ,!n inscribe 9 ! ,e>? an icosah$ron2 ! circle describ$ 9 x w be ,v5us4 ,inscribe an octoh$ron 9 ,v5us2 ! circle inscrib$ 9 x w be ,m]cury4 ,?is discov]y1 z he consid]$ x1 h>moniz$ 9 a v rude way ) ! measures ( ! planet>y orbits giv5 by ,cop]nicus2 b ,kepl] 0 s enam\r$ ) x1 t he ascrib$ ! diff]5ces to errors ( obs]vation1 & decl>$ t he w\ld n r5\nce ! glory ( hav+ made x = ! :ole ,electorate ( ,saxony4 ,9 8 attempt to discov] ! relation betwe5 ! p]iodic times ( ! planets & _! di/ances f ! sun1 he 0 n m successful2 b z ?is relation _h a real exi/5ce1 he made "s slight approa* to its det]m9ation4 ,^! extraord9>y rese>*es1 :i* indicate ! wildness & irregul>ity ( ,kepl]'s g5ius1 7 publi%$ 9 #aeif1 9 a "w entitl$1 ,prodromus ( ,cosmographical ,diss]tations2 conta9+ ! cosmographical my/]y respect+ ! admirable proportion ( ! cele/ial orbits1 & ! g5u9e & real causes ( ! numb]1 magnitude1 & p]iods ( ! planets demon/rat$ by ! five regul> geometrical solids4 ,not)/&+ ! speculative "* ( ?is volume1 x obta9$ = its au?or a high "n among a/ronom]s4 ,galileo & ,ty*o1 ^: op9ions ( x he reque/$1 spoke ( x ) "s comm5dation4 ,! =m] prais$ ! +5uity & good fai? :i* x display$2 & ,ty*o1 ?\gh he reque/$ him to try to adapt some?+ ( ! same nature to ! ,ty*onic sy/em1 saw ! speculative "* ( 8 m9d1 & advis$ him to lay a solid f\ndation = 8 views by actual obs]vation1 & !n1 by asc5d+ f ^!1 to /rive to rea* ! causes ( ?+s4 ,9 #aeib1 be=e ,kepl] _h quitt$ ,tub+51 he 0 on ! eve ( ent]+ into ! m>ri$ /ate4 ,?\gh ! fooli% s*eme 0 =tunately brok5 (f1 yet he resum$ x aga9 9 #aeif1 :5 he paid 8 addresses to ,b>b>a ,mill> ( ,muleckh1 :o 0 a wid[ = ! second "t1 ?\gh only tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( age4 ,h] p>5ts1 h[ev]1 w\ld n cons5t to ! mat* till ,kepl] prov$ 8 nobility2 &1 ow+ to ! delay :i* arose f ?is circum/ance1 ! m>riage did n take place till #aeig4 ,! income :i* ,kepl] d]iv$ f 8 pr(essor%ip 0 v small1 & z 8 wife's =tune turn$ out mu* less ?an he _h be5 l$ to expect1 he n only 0 annoy$ ) pecuni>y difficulties1 b 0 involv$ 9 disputes ) 8 wife's relations4 ,^! evils 7 greatly increas$ by ! religi\s tr\bles :i* took place 9 ,/yria4 ,! ,ca?olics at ,gratz rose aga9/ ! ,prote/ants1 & ?reat5$ to expell !m f ! city4 ,kepl]1 :o op5ly pr(ess$ ! ,prote/ant religion1 saw ! risks to :i* he 0 expos$1 & retir$ ) 8 wife into ,hung>y4 ,"h he cont9u$ ne>ly a ye>1 dur+ :i* he compos$ & transmitt$ to 8 fri5d ,zeh5tmai]1 at ,tub+51 sev]al small treatises1 ,on ! ,magnet1 ,on ! cause ( ! ,obliquity ( ! ,ecliptic1 & ,on ! ,div9e ,wisdom1 z %ewn 9 ! ,creation--all ( :i* seem to h be5 lo/4 ,9 #aeii1 ,kepl] 0 recall$ to ,gratz by ! ,/ates ( ,/yria1 & resum$ 8 pr(essor%ip2 b ! city 0 /ill divid$ into two factions1 & ,kepl]1 :o 0 a lov] ( peace1 f\nd 8 situation v uncom=table4 ,hav+ le>n$ f ,ty*o t he _h be5 able to det]m9e m accurately ?an _h be5 done ! ecc5tricities ( ! orbits ( ! planets1 ,kepl] 0 anxi\s to avail himself ( ^! obs]vations1 & set out on a visit to ,ty*o at ,prague1 :]e he arriv$ 9 ,janu>y #afjj4 ,ty*o receiv$ him ) great k9dness1 not)/&+ ! "p :i* he _h tak5 aga9/ him along ) ,raim>1 & he sp5t ?ree or f\r mon?s ) him at ,b5a*4 ,x 0 !n arrang$ t ,kepl] %\ld be appo9t$ ,ty*o's assi/ant 9 ! obs]vatory1 ) a sal>y ( #ajj flor9s1 provid$ ! ,/ates ( ,/yria %\ld1 on ! ,emp]or's application1 all[ him to be abs5t = two ye>s & reta9 8 sal>y4 ,kepl] _h return$ to ,gratz be=e ?is arrangem5t 0 complet$1 & new tr\bles hav+ broke out 9 t city1 he resign$ 8 pr(essor%ip4 ,dread+ le/ ?is /ep w\ld fru/rate 8 s*eme ( jo9+ ,ty*o1 he resolv$ to ask ! patronage ( ! ,duke ( ,wirtemb]g = ! pr(essor%ip ( m$ic9e at ,tub+52 & ) ?is view he correspond$ ) ,moe/l9 & 8 o!r fri5ds 9 t ,univ]sity4 ,:5 ,ty*o he>d ( ?is plan1 he press$ him to ab&on x1 & promis$ 8 be/ ex]tions to procure a p]man5t situation = him f ! ,emp]or4 ,enc\rag$ by ^! promises1 ,kepl] & 8 wife set (f = ,prague1 b he 0 un=tunately attack$ on ! road ) a qu>tan ague1 :i* la/$ sev5 mon?s2 & hav+ exhau/$ ! little money :i* he _h along ) him1 he 0 oblig$ to apply to ,ty*o = a supply4 ,aft] 8 arrival at ,prague he 0 support$ entirely by ! b\nty ( 8 fri5d1 & he endeav\r$ to make "s return = ?is k9dness by attack+ 9 a controv]sial pamphlet two ( ! sci5tific oppon5ts ( ,ty*o4 ,kepl]'s total dep5d5ce on ! g5]osity ( 8 fri5d _h made him suspici\s ( 8 s9c]ity4 ,he imag9$ t ,ty*o _h n freely communicat$ to him all 8 obs]vations1 & t he _h n be5 suffici5tly lib]al 9 supply+ 8 wife ) money 9 8 abs5ce4 ,:ile abs5t a second "t f ,prague1 & influ5c$ by ^! feel+s1 he address$ a viol5t lett] to ,ty*o1 fill$ ) reproa*es4 ,on ! plea ( be+ occupi$ ) 8 daught]'s m>riage1 ,ty*o reque/$ ,ericks51 "o ( 8 assi/ants1 to reply to ,kepl]'s lett]2 & he did ?is ) s mu* effect1 t ,kepl] saw 8 mi/ake1 & 9 ! noble/ & mo/ g5]\s mann] supplicat$ ! =giv5ess ( 8 fri5d4 ,ty*o exhibit$ ! same good feel+2 & ! k9dness ( ,h(fman1 ,presid5t ( ! ,/ates ( ,/yria1 complet$ ! reconciliation ( ! two a/ronom]s4 ,on 8 return to ,prague 9 #afja1 he 0 pres5t$ by ,ty*o to ! ,emp]or1 :o conf]r$ ^u him ! title ( ,imp]ial ,ma!matician1 on ! condition t he w\ld assi/ ,ty*o 9 8 calculations4 ,?is connexion 0 peculi>ly valuable to ,kepl]1 z ! obs]vations ( 8 colleague 7 ! only ones made 9 ! _w :i* c\ld enable him to c>ry on 8 own !oretical inquiries4 ,^! two a/ronom]s n[ und]took to compute1 f ,ty*o's obs]vations1 a new set ( a/ronomical tables1 to be call$ ! ,rudolph9e ,tables1 9 hon\r ( ! ,emp]or4 ,?is s*eme flatt]$ ! vanity ( _! ma/]1 & he pl$g$ himself to pay all ! exp5ses ( ! "w4 ,longomontanus1 ,ty*o's pr9cipal assi/ant1 took ^u himself ! lab\r ( arrang+ & discuss+ ! obs]vations on ! />s1 :ile ,kepl] devot$ himself to ! m cong5ial task ( exam9+ ^? on ! planet ,m>s1 ) :i* ,ty*o 0 at t "t p>ticul>ly occupi$4 ,! appo9tm5t ( ,longomontanus to a pr(essor%ip 9 ,d5m>k1 & ! dea? ( ,ty*o 9 ,octob] #afja1 put a /op to ^! important s*emes4 ,kepl] succe$$ ,ty*o z pr9cipal ma!matician to ! ,emp]or1 & 0 provid$ ) a h&some sal>y1 :i* 0 p>tly *>g$ on ! imp]ial treasury1 & p>tly on ! ,/ates ( ,silesia1 & ! fir/ in/alm5t ( :i* 0 to be paid 9 ,m>* #afjb4 ,! g5]osity ( ! ,emp]or did n fail to excite ! jeal\sy ( ignorant individuals1 :o 7 n aw>e ( ! value ( sci5ce to ! /ate2 b ! increas+ fame ( ,kepl]1 & ! valuable works :i* he publi%$1 soon sil5c$ _! opposition4 ,9 ,septemb] #afjd1 a/ronom]s 7 surpris$ ) ! appe>ance ( a new /> 9 ! foot ( ,s]p5t>ius4 ,x 0 n se5 be=e ! #bi? ( ,septemb]1 & ,moe/l9 in=ms u t1 on acc\nt ( cl\ds1 he did n obta9 a good view ( x till ! #f? ( ,octob]4 ,l t ( #aegb1de x at fir/ surpass$ ,jupit] 9 brightness1 & rivall$ ev5 ,v5us1 b x aft]w>ds became z small z ,regulus1 & z dull z ,saturn1 & disappe>$ at ! end ( a few mon?s4 ,x con/antly *ang$ its col\r1 & 0 at fir/ tawny1 !n yell[1 !n purple & r$1 & (t5 :ite at great altitudes4 ,x _h no p>allax1 & !re=e 0 a fix$ />4 ,kepl] wrote a %ort acc\nt ( ?is rem>kable body1 & ma9ta9$ its sup]iority to t ( #aegb1 z ?is la/ came 9 an ord9>y ye>1 :ile ! o!r appe>$ 9 ! ye> ( ! fi]y trigon1 or t 9 :i* ,saturn1 ,jupit]1 & ,m>s1 are 9 ! ?ree fi]y signs1 ,aries1 ,leo1 & ,sagitt>ius1 an ev5t :i* occurs only e #hjj ye>s4 ,aft] discuss+ a great v>iety ( topics1 b little connect$ ) 8 subject1 & 9 a /yle ( absurd jocul>ity1 he attacks ! op9ions ( ! ,epicureans1 t ! /> 0 a =tuit\s conc\rse ( atoms1 9 ! foll[+ rem>kable p>agraph1 :i* is a good specim5 ( ! "w3--,:5 ,i 0 a y\? ) pl5ty ( idle "t on my h&s1 ,i 0 mu* tak5 ) ! vanity1 ( :i* "s gr[n m5 are n a%am$1 ( mak+ anagrams by transpos+ ! lett]s ( my "n1 writt5 9 ,lat94 ,out ( ,joannes ,kepl]us came ,s]p5s 9 ,akuleo 7a s]p5t 9 8 /+72 b n be+ satisfi$ ) ! mean+ ( ^! words1 & be+ unable to make ano!r1 ,i tru/$ ! ?+ to *ance1 & tak+ out ( a pack ( play+ c>ds z _m z !re 7 lett]s 9 ! "n1 ,i wrote "o ^u ea*1 & !n began to %uffle !m1 & at ea* %uffle to read !m 9 ! ord] !y came1 to see if any mean+ came ( x4 ,n[1 may all ! ,epicurean gods & goddesses conf\nd ?is same *ance1 :i*1 al?\gh ,i h sp5t a good deal ( "t ov] x1 nev] %ew$ me any?+ l s5se ev5 f a di/ance4 ,s ,i gave up my c>ds to ! ,epicurean et]nity1 to be c>ri$ away into inf9ity2 &1 x is said1 !y are /ill fly+ ab\t !re 9 ! utmo/ confusion among ! atoms1 & h nev] yet come to any mean+4 ,i w tell ^? disputants1 my oppon5ts1 n my own op9ion1 b my wife's4 ,ye/]day1 :5 we>y ) writ+1 & my m9d q du/y ) consid]+ ^! atoms1 ,i 0 call$ to supp]1 & a salad ,i _h ask$ = 0 set be=e me4 ',x seems !n1' said ,i1 al\d1 't if pewt] di%es1 leaves ( lettuce1 gra9s ( salt1 drops ( wat]1 v9eg>1 & oil1 & slices ( egg1 _h be5 fly+ ab\t 9 ! air f all et]nity1 x might at la/ happ5 by *ance t !re w\ld come a salad4' ',yes1' says my wife1 'b n s nice & well dress$ z ?is ( m9e is4' #de ,see ! ,life ( ,ty*o1 page #acg4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,kepl]'s ,pecuni>y ,emb>rassm5ts--,8 ,inquiries respect+ ! ,law ( ,refraction--,8 ,supplem5t to ,vitellio--,8 ,rese>*es on ,vision--,8 ,treatise on ,dioptrics--,8 ,comm5t>ies on ,m>s--,he discov]s t ! orbit ( ,m>s is an ,ellipse1 ) ! ,sun 9 "o focus--,& ext5ds ?is discov]y to all ! o!r ,planets--,he e/abli%es ! two fir/ laws ( ,physical ,a/ronomy--,8 ,family ,di/resses--,dea? ( 8 ,wife--,he is appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,ma!matics at ,l9z--,8 ,me?od ( ,*oos+ a ,second ,wife--,h] ,"*1 z giv5 by ,himself--,orig9 ( 8 ,treatise on ,gaug+--,he goes to ,ratisbon to give 8 ,op9ion to ! ,diet on ! *ange ( ,/yle--,he refuses ! ,ma!matical ,*air at ,bologna4 ,al?\gh ,kepl] n[ fill$ "o ( ! mo/ hon\rable situations to :i* a philosoph] c\ld aspire1 & possess$ a l>ge sal>y fitt$ to supply 8 mo/ reasonable wants1 yet1 z ! imp]ial treasury 0 dra9$ by ! dem&s ( an exp5sive w>1 8 sal>y 0 always 9 arre>4 ,ow+ to ?is cause he 0 con/antly involv$ 9 pecuni>y difficulties1 &1 z he himself describ$ 8 situation1 he 0 p]petually begg+ 8 bread f ! ,emp]or at ,prague4 ,8 increas+ family r5d]$ ! want ( money /ill m di/ress+1 & he 0 driv5 to ! pa9ful alt]native ( draw+ 8 income f ca/+ nativities4 ,f ! same cause he 0 oblig$ to ab&on 8 plan ( publi%+ ! ,rudolph9e ,tables1 & to devote himself to works ( a less exp5sive k9d1 & :i* 7 m likely to yield "s pecuni>y advantages4 ,9 spite ( ^! emb>rassm5ts1 & ! occupation ( 8 "t 9 ! practice ( a/rology1 ,kepl] f\nd leisure = 8 fav\rite pursuits4 ,no adv]se circum/ances 7 capable ( ext+ui%+ 8 sci5tific ard\r1 & :5ev] he direct$ 8 vigor\s m9d to ! inve/igation ( ph5om5a1 he nev] fail$ to obta9 int]e/+ & orig9al results4 ,s9ce ! dea? ( ,ty*o1 8 att5tion _h be5 mu* occupi$ ) ! subject ( refraction & vision2 &1 9 #afjf1 he publi%$ ! result ( 8 rese>*es 9 a "w1 entitl$ ,a ,supplem5t to ,vitellio1 9 :i* ! optical "p ( a/ronomy is treat$1 b *iefly on ! artificial obs]vation & e/imation ( diamet]s1 & ( ! eclipses ( ! ,sun & ,moon4 ,a/ronom]s _h long be5 p]plex$ ) ! refraction ( ! atmosph]e1 & s little 0 kn[n ( ! g5]al subject1 z well z ( ?is bran* ( x1 t ,ty*o believ$ ! refraction ( ! atmosph]e to cease at #de deg4 ( altitude4 ,ev5 at ! beg9n+ ( ! second c5tury1 ,claudius ,ptolemy ( ,alex&ria _h unravell$ its pr9cipal my/]ies1 & _h giv5 9 8 ,optics a !ory ( a/ronomical refraction m complete ?an t ( any a/ronom] be=e ! "t ( ,cass9i2#df b ! ,,mss4 _h un=tunately be5 mislaid1 & ,alhaz5 & ,vitellio & ,kepl] 7 oblig$ to take up ! subject f its comm5cem5t4 ,ptolemy _h n only det]m9$ t ! refraction ( ! atmosph]e _h gradually increas$ f ! z5i? to ! horizon1 b he _h measur$ ) s+ul> accuracy ! angles ( refraction = wat] & glass1 f a p]p5dicul> incid5ce to a horizontal "o4 #df ,cass9i 0 born 9 #afbe1 & di$ 9 #agab4 ,kepl] treat$ ?is bran* ( sci5ce 9 8 own peculi> way1 hunt+ d[n1 z he express$ x1 e hypo!sis :i* 8 f]tile imag9ation _h successively pres5t$ to him4 ,9 8 v>i\s attempts to discov] ! law ( refraction1 or a measure ( x1 z v>y+ ) ! d5sity ( ! body & ! angle ( incid5ce ( ! light1 he 0 ne>] ! goal1 9 8 fir/ speculation1 ?an 9 any ( ! re/2 & he seems to h fail$ 9 consequ5ce ( 8 n sep>at+ ! "q z x relat$ to d5sity f ! "q z x relat$ to incid5ce4 ,i did n leave untri$1 says he1 :e!r1 by assum+ a horizontal refraction accord+ to ! d5sity ( ! m$ium1 ! re/ w\ld correspond to ! s9es ( ! di/ances f a v]tical direction1 b calculation prov$ t x 0 n s3 &1 inde$1 !re 0 no occasion to h tri$ x1 = ?us ! refraction w\ld increase accord+ to ! same law 9 all m$iums1 :i* is contradict$ by exp]im5t4 ,al?\gh completely foil$ 9 8 se>* aft] ! law ( refraction1 :i* 0 subsequ5tly discov]$ by ,willebrord ,snell1 & sometime aft]w>ds by ,james ,gregory1 he 01 s+ul>ly successful 9 8 inquiries respect+ vision4 ,reg>d+ ! eye z analog\s 9 its /ructure ) ! cam]a obscura ( ,bapti/a ,porta1 he discov]$ t ! images ( ext]nal objects 7 pa9t$ 9 an inv]t$ position on ! ret9a1 by ! union ( ! p5cils ( rays :i* issu$ f e po9t ( ! object4 ,he ascrib$ an erect vision to an op]ation ( ! m9d1 by :i* x traces ! rays back to ! pupil1 :]e !y cross "o ano!r1 & ?us ref]s ! l[] p>ts ( ! image to ! high] p>ts ( ! object4 ,he also expla9$ ! cause ( long-sight$ & %ort-sight$ vision1 & %ew$ h[ convex & concave l5ses enabl$ ^? :o possess$ ^! peculi>ities ( vision to see di/9ctly1 by accurately conv]g+ ! p5cils ( rays to a focus on ! ret9a4 ,kepl] likewise obs]v$ ! p[] ( accommodat+ ! eye to diff]5t di/ances1 & he ascrib$ x to ! contraction ( ! cili>y processes1 :i* drew ! sides ( ! eyeball t[>ds ! cry/all9e l5s1 & ?us elongat$ ! eye s z to produce an adju/m5t ( x = ne> objects4 ,kepl] wisely decl9$ to inquire into ! way 9 :i* ! m9d p]ceives ! images pa9t$ on ! ret9a1 & he blames ,vitellio = attempt+ to det]m9e a "q :i* he consid]$ z n belong+ to optics4 ,! "w ( ,kepl]1 n[ "u consid]ation1 conta9s ! me?od ( calculat+ eclipses :i* is n[ 9 use at ! pres5t day4 ,! only o!r optical treatise writt5 by ,kepl]1 0 8 ,dioptrics1 ) an app5dix on ! use ( optics 9 philosophy4 ,?is admirable "w1 :i* laid ! f\ndation ( ! sci5ce1 0 publi%$ at ,augsburg 9 #afaa1 & repr9t$ at ,london 9 #afec4 ,al?\gh ,maurolycus _h made "s slight progress 9 /udy+ ! passage ( light ?r\gh diff]5t m$ia1 yet x is to ,kepl] t we owe ! me?ods ( trac+ ! progress ( rays ?r\gh transp>5t bodies ) convex & concave surfaces1 & ( det]m9+ ! foci ( l5ses1 & ( ! relative positions ( ! images :i* !y =m1 & ! objects f :i* ! rays proce$4 ,he 0 ?us l$ to expla9 ! rationale ( ! telescope1 & to inv5t ! a/ronomical telescope1 :i* consi/s ( two convex l5ses1 by :i* objects are se5 inv]t$4 ,kepl] also discov]$ ! important fact1 t sph]ical surfaces 7 n capable ( conv]g+ rays to a s+le focus1 & he conjectur$1 :at ,desc>tes aft]w>ds prov$1 t ?is prop]ty might be possess$ by l5ses hav+ ! figure ( "s ( ! sections ( ! cone4 ,! total reflection ( light at ! second surface ( bodies 0 likewise /udi$ by ,kepl]1 & he det]m9$ t ! total reflection comm5c$ :5 ! angle ( incid5ce 0 equal to ! angle ( refraction1 :i* correspond$ to an incid5ce ( #ij4 ,two ye>s be=e ! publication ( 8 ,dioptrics1 viz4 9 #afji1 ,kepl] _h giv5 to ! _w 8 great "w1 entitl$ ,! ,new ,a/ronomy1 or ,comm5t>ies on ! ,motions ( ,m>s4 ,! discov]ies :i* ?is volume records =m ! basis ( physical a/ronomy4 ,! inquiries by :i* he 0 l$ to !m began 9 t memorable ye> #afja1 :5 he became ! colleague or assi/ant ( ,ty*o4 ,! p[]s ( orig9al g5ius 7 !n = ! fir/ "t associat$ ) inv5tive skill & pati5t obs]vation2 & ?\gh ! a/ronomical data provid$ by ,ty*o 7 sure ( f9d+ _! application 9 "s future age1 yet )\t !m ,kepl]'s speculations w\ld h be5 va91 & ! laws :i* !y enabl$ him to det]m9e w\ld h adorn$ ! hi/ory ( ano!r c5tury4 ,hav+ tri$ 9 va9 to repres5t ! motion ( ,m>s by an uni=m motion 9 a circul> orbit1 & by ! cycles & epicycles ) :i* ,cop]nicus _h endeav\r$ to expla9 ! planet>y inequalities1 ,kepl] 0 l$1 aft] _m fruitless speculations1#dg to suppose ! orbit ( ! planet to be oval2 &1 f 8 k ( ! conic sections1 he aft]w>ds det]m9$ x to be an ellipse1 ) ! sun plac$ 9 "o ( its foci4 ,he !n asc]ta9$ ! dim5sions ( ! orbit2 &1 by a comp>ison ( ! times employ$ by ! planet to complete a :ole revolution or any "p ( "o1 he discov]$ t ! "t 9 :i* ,m>s describes any ar*es ( 8 elliptic orbit1 7 always to "o ano!r z ! areas conta9$ by l9es drawn f ! focus or ! c5tre ( ! sun to ! extremities ( ! respective ar*es2 or1 9 o!r words1 t ! radius vector1 or ! l9e jo9+ ! ,sun & ,m>s describ$ equal areas 9 equal times4 ,by exam9+ ! inequalities ( ! o!r planets he f\nd t !y all mov$ 9 elliptic orbits1 & t ! radius vector ( ea* describ$ areas proportional to ! times4 ,^! two great results are kn[n by ! "n ( ! fir/ & second laws ( ,kepl]4 ,! ?ird law1 or t :i* relates to ! connexion betwe5 ! p]iodic times & ! di/ances ( ! planets1 0 n discov]$ till a lat] p]iod ( 8 life4 #dg ,an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! /eps by :i* ,kepl] proce$$ w be f\nd 9 ,mr ,dr9kwat] ,be?une's admirable ,life ( ,kepl]1 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,useful ,k4 ,:5 ,kepl] pres5t$ to ,rudolph ! volume :i* conta9$ ^! f9e discov]ies1 he rem9d$ him jocul>ly ( 8 requir+ ! s9ews ( w> to make simil> attacks ^u ! o!r planets4 ,! ,emp]or1 h[ev]1 _h m =midable enemies ?an ,jupit] & ,saturn1 & f ! treasury1 :i* w> _h exhau/$1 he f\nd x difficult to supply ! wants ( sci5ce4 ,:ile ,kepl] 0 ?us involv$ 9 ! mis]ies ( pov]ty1 mis=tunes ( e k9d fill$ up ! cup ( 8 adv]sity4 ,8 wife1 :o _h long be5 ! victim ( l[ spirits1 0 seiz$1 t[>ds ! end ( #afaj1 ) fev]1 epilepsy1 & phr5itis1 & be=e %e _h completely recov]$1 all 8 ?ree *ildr5 7 simultane\sly attack$ ) ! smallpox4 ,8 fav\rite son fell a victim to ?is malady1 & at ! same "t ,prague 0 p>tially occupi$ by ! troops ( ,leopold4 ,! "p ( ! city :]e ,kepl] resid$ 0 h>ass$ by ! ,bohemian levies1 &1 to cr[n ?is li/ ( evils1 ! ,au/rian troops introduc$ ! plague into ! city4 ,sometime aft]w>ds ,kepl] set out = ,au/ria ) ! view ( obta9+ ! pr(essor%ip ( ma!matics at ,l9z1 :i* 0 n[ vacant2 b1 ^u 8 return 9 ,june1 he f\nd 8 wife 9 a decl9e1 br\ght on by grief = ! loss ( h] son1 & %e 0 sometime aft]w>ds seiz$ ) an infecti\s fev]1 ( :i* %e di$4 ,! ,emp]or ,rudolph 0 unwill+ to all[ ,kepl] to quit ,prague4 ,he enc\rag$ him ) hopes t ! arre>s ( 8 sal>y w\ld be paid f ,saxony2 b ^! hopes 7 fallaci\s1 & x 0 n till ! dea? ( ,rudolph1 9 #afab1 t ,kepl] 0 fre$ f ^! di/ress+ emb>rassm5ts4 ,on ! accession ( ,ma?ias1 ,rudolph's bro!r1 ,kepl] 0 re-appo9t$ imp]ial ma!matician1 & 0 all[$ to accept ! pr(essor%ip at ,l9z4 ,8 family n[ consi/$ ( two *ildr5--a daught]1 ,susannah1 born 9 #afjb1 & a son1 ,l\is1 born 9 #afjg4 ,8 own "t 0 s completely occupi$ by 8 new pr(essorial duties1 z well z by 8 private /udies1 t he f\nd x necess>y to seek ano!r p>5t = 8 *ildr54 ,= ?is purpose1 he gave a commission to 8 fri5ds to look out = him a suitable wife1 &1 9 a long & jocul> lett] to ,b>on ,/rahl5dorf1 he has giv5 an amus+ acc\nt ( ! diff]5t negotiations :i* prec$$ 8 m>riage4 ,! sub/ance ( ?is lett] is s well giv5 by ,mr ,dr9kwat] ,be?une1 t we %all foll[ 8 acc\nt ( x4 ,! fir/ ( ! elev5 ladies among :om 8 incl9ations wav]$1 0 a wid[1 an intimate fri5d ( 8 fir/ wife2 & :o1 on _m acc\nts1 appe>$ a mo/ eligible mat*4 ,at fir/1 says ,kepl]1 %e seem$ fav\rably incl9$ to ! proposal2 x is c]ta9 t %e took "t to consid] x1 b at la/ %e v quietly excus$ h]self4 ,x mu/ h be5 f a recollection ( ?is lady's good qualities1 t ,kepl] 0 induc$ to make 8 (f]2 = we le>n r unexpect$ly1 aft] be+ in=m$ ( h] decision1 t :5 he soon aft]w>ds paid 8 respects to h]1 x 0 ! fir/ "t t he _h se5 h] dur+ ! la/ six ye>s2 & he f\nd1 to 8 great relief1 t !re 0 no s+le pleas+ "p ab\t h]4 ,! tru? seems to be1 t he 0 nettl$ by h] answ]1 & he is at great] pa9s ?an appe>s necess>y1 consid]+ ?is la/ discov]y1 to det]m9e :y %e w\ld n accept 8 (f]$ h&4 ,among o!r reasons1 he sugge/$ h] *ildr51 among :om 7 two m>riageable daught]s2 & x is div]t+ aft]w>ds to f9d !m also 9 ! catalogue1 :i* ,kepl] appe>$ to be mak+1 ( all 8 female acqua9tance4444 ,( ! o!r ladies1 "o 0 too old1 ano!r 9 bad heal?1 ano!r too pr\d ( h] bir? & qu>t]+s1 a f\r? _h le>n$ no?+ b %ewy accompli%m5ts1 n at all suitable to ! sort ( life %e w\ld h to lead ) me1 ano!r grew impati5t1 & m>ri$ a m decid$ admir]1 :il/ he 0 hesitat+4 ,! mis*ief1 says he1 9 all ^! atta*m5ts 01 t :il/ ,i 0 delay+1 comp>+ & balanc+ conflict+ reasons1 e day saw me inflam$ ) a new passion4 ,by ! "t he rea*$ ! #h?1 he f\nd 8 mat* 9 ?is respect4 ,=tune at l5g? has av5g$ h]self on my d\btful incl9ations4 ,at fir/ %e 0 q comply+1 & h] fri5ds also2 pres5tly1 :e!r %e did or did n cons5t1 n only ,i1 b %e h]self did n "k4 ,aft] ! lapse ( a few days came a r5ew$ promise1 :i*1 h[ev]1 _h to be confirm$ a ?ird "t2 & f\r days aft] t1 %e aga9 repeat$ h] confirmation1 & begg$ to be excus$ f x4 ,^u ?is ,i gave h] up1 & ?is "t all my c\nsellors 7 ( "o op9ion4 ,?is 0 ! longe/ c\rt%ip 9 ! li/1 hav+ la/$ ?ree :ole mon?s2 &1 q di%e>t5$ by its bad success1 ,kepl]'s next attempt 0 ( a m timid complexion4 ,8 advances to ,no4 #i 7 made by confid+ to h] ! :ole /ory ( 8 rec5t disappo9tm5t1 prud5tly det]m9+ to be guid$ 9 8 behavi\r1 by obs]v+ :e!r ! treatm5t he _h exp]i5c$ met ) a prop] degree ( sympa?y4 ,app>5tly ! exp]im5t did n succe$2 &1 almo/ r$uc$ to despair1 ,kepl] betook himself to ! advice ( a fri5d1 :o _h = "s "t pa/ compla9$ t %e 0 n consult$ 9 ?is difficult negotiation4 ,:5 %e produc$ ,no4 #aj1 & ! fir/ visit 0 paid1 ! report ^u h] 0 z foll[s3--,%e has1 und\bt$ly1 a good =tune1 is ( good family1 & ( economical habits3 b h] physiognomy is mo/ horribly ugly2 %e w\ld be />$ at 9 ! /reets1 n to m5tion ! /rik+ disproportion 9 our figures4 ,i am lank1 lean1 & sp>e2 %e %ort & ?ick3 9 a family notori\s = fulness1 %e is consid]$ sup]flu\sly fat4 ,! only objection to ,no4 #aa seems to h be5 h] excessive y\?2 & :5 ?is treaty 0 brok5 (f on t acc\nt1 ,kepl] turn$ 8 back ^u all 8 advis]s1 & *ose = himself "o :o _h figur$ z ,no4 #e 9 ! li/1 to :om he pr(esses to h felt atta*$ ?r\gh\t1 b f :om ! repres5tations ( 8 fri5ds _h hi!rto deta9$ him1 probably on acc\nt ( h] humble /ation4 ,! foll[+ is ,kepl]'s summ>y ( h] "*3--,h] "n is ,susannah1 ! daught] ( ,john ,reu?+] & ,b>b>a1 citiz5s ( ! t[n ( ,ef]d+54 ,! fa!r 0 by trade a cab9etmak]1 b bo? h] p>5ts are dead4 ,%e has receiv$ an education well wor? ! l>ge/ d[ry1 by fav\r ( ! ,lady ( ,/ahr5b]g1 ! /rictness ( ^: h\sehold is fam\s ?r\gh\t ! prov9ce4 ,h] p]son & mann]s are suitable to m9e--no pride1 no extravagance4 ,%e c be> to "w2 %e has a tol]able k h[ to manage a family2 middle-ag$1 & ( a disposition & capability to acquire :at %e /ill wants4 ,h] ,i %all m>ry1 by fav\r ( ! noble ,b>on ( ,/ahr5b]g1 at #ab o'clock on ! #cj? ( next ,octob]1 ) all ,ef]d+5 assembl$ to meet u1 & we %all eat ! m>riage d9n] at ,maurice's at ! ,gold5 ,lion4#dh #dh ,life ( ,kepl]1 *ap4 vi4 ,kepl]'s m>riage seems to h tak5 place at ! "t "h m5tion$2 =1 9 8 book on gaug+1 publi%$ at ,l9z 9 #afae1 he in=ms u t he took home 8 new wife 9 ,novemb]1 on :i* occasion he f\nd x necess>y to /ock 8 cell> ) a few casks ( w9e4 ,:5 ! w9e-m]*ant came to measure ! casks1 ,kepl] object$ to 8 me?od1 z he made no all[ance = ! diff]5t sizes ( ! bulg+ p>ts ( ! cask4 ,f ?is accid5t1 ,kepl] 0 l$ to /udy ! subject ( gaug+1 & to write ! book :i* we h m5tion$1 & :i* conta9s ! e>lie/ specim5s ( ! mod]n analysis4 ,ab\t ?is p]iod1 ,kepl] 0 summon$ to ! ,diet at ,ratisbon1 to give 8 op9ion on ! re=mation ( ! kal5d>1 & he publi%$ a %ort essay on ! subject2 b ?\gh ! ,gov]nm5t did n scruple to avail !mselves ( 8 s]vices1 yet 8 p5sion 0 all[$ to fall 9 arre>1 &1 9 ord] to support 8 family1 he 0 oblig$ to publi% an ,almanac1 suit$ to ! ta/e ( ! age4 ,9 ord]1 says he1 to defray ! exp5se ( ! ,ephem]is = two ye>s1#di ,i h be5 oblig$ to compose a vile prophesy+ ,almanac1 :i* is sc>cely m respectable ?an begg+1 unless f its sav+ ! ,emp]or's cr$it1 :o ab&ons me entirely1 & w\ld suff] me to p]i% ) hung]4 #di ,^! ,ephem]ides1 f #afag to #afbj1 7 publi%$ at ,l9z 9 #afaf4 ,! "o = #afbj 0 d$icat$ to ,b>on ,napi] ( ,m]*i/on4 ,al?\gh ,kepl]'s resid5ce at ,l9z 0 r5d]$ uncom=table by ! ,roman ,ca?olics1 :o _h excommunicat$ him on acc\nt ( 8 refus+ to subscribe to "s op9ions respect+ ! ubiquity ( our ,savi\r1 or1 z o!rs ma9ta91 on acc\nt ( "s op9ions :i* he _h express$ respect+ transub/antiation1 yet he refus$1 9 #afag1 to accept ( an invitation to fill ! ma!matical *air at ,bologna4 ,! prospect ( 8 =tune be+ bett]$ by su* a *ange c\ld n reconcile him to live 9 a c\ntry :]e 8 fre$om ( spee* & mann]s might expose him to suspicion2 & he accord+ly decl9$1 9 ! mo/ respectful mann]1 ! (f] :i* 0 made him4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,kepl]'s cont9u$ ,emb>rassm5ts--,dea? ( ,ma?ias--,lib]ality ( ,f]d9&--,kepl]'s ,h>monies ( ! ,_w--,! ,epitome ( ! ,cop]nican ,a/ronomy--,x is prohibit$ by ! ,inquisition--,sir ,h5ry ,wotton1 ! ,briti% ,ambassador1 invites ,kepl] to ,engl&--,he decl9es ! ,invitation--,neglect ( ,g5ius by ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t--,trial ( ,kepl]'s ,"m--,h] f9al ,acquittal--,& ,dea? at ! age ( ,sev5ty-five--,! ,/ates ( ,/yria burn publicly ,kepl]'s ,cal5d>--,he receives 8 ,arre>s ( ,sal>y f ,f]d9&--,! ,rudolph9e ,tables publi%$ 9 #afbh--;,he receives a ,gold ,*a9 f ! ,gr& ,dulce ( ,tuscany--,he is ,patronis$ by ! ,duke ( ,fri$l&--,he removes to ,sagan1 9 ,silesia--,is appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,ma!matics at ,ro/o*--,goes to ,ratisbon to receive 8 ,arre>s--,8 ,dea?1 ,fun]al1 & ,epitaph--,monum5t ,erect$ to 8 ,memory 9 #ahjc--;,8 ,family--,8 ,po/hum\s ,volume1 entitl$ ,! ,dream1 or ,lun> ,a/ronomy4 ,kepl] 0 kept 9 a /ate ( con/ant anxiety f ! delay 9 ! ,gov]nm5t to pay up ! arre>s ( 8 p5sion1 :ile _! repeat$ promises prev5t$ him f accept+ ( o!r employm5ts4 ,he _h hop$ t ! affair ( ! ,bolognese *air w\ld r\se ! imp]ial treasury to a s5se ( its duty1 & enable him to publi% ! ,rudolph9e ,tables1--t great "w :i* he ow$ to ! memory bo? ( ,ty*o & ( ,rudolph4 ,b ?\gh he 0 disappo9t$ 9 ?is expectation1 an ev5t n[ occurr$ :i* at lea/ held out ! prospect ( a fav\rable *ange 9 8 circum/ances4 ,! ,emp]or ,ma?ias di$ 9 #afai1 & 0 succe$$ by ,f]d9& ,,iii41 :o n only cont9u$ him 9 ! situation ( 8 pr9cipal ma!matician1 ) 8 =m] p5sion1 b promis$ to pay up ! arre>s ( x1 & to furni% ! means = publi%+ ! ,rudolph9e ,tables4 ,! ye> #afai1 s fav\rable to ,kepl]'s prospects 9 life1 0 di/+ui%$ also by ! publication1 at ,l9z1 ( "o ( 8 mo/ rem>kable productions1 entitl$ ,! ,h>monies ( ! ,_w4 ,x is d$icat$ to ,james ,i4 ( ,engl&1 & w be = ev] memorable 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce1 z conta9+ ! celebrat$ law t ! squ>es ( ! p]iodic times ( ! planets are to "o ano!r z ! cubes ( _! di/ances4 ,?is s+ul> volume1 :i* is m>k$ ) all ! peculi>ities :i* di/+ui% 8 ,cosmographical ,my/]y1 is divid$ into five books4 ,! two fir/ books are pr9cipally geometrical1 & relate to regul> polygons inscrib$ 9 a circle2 ! ?ird book is a treatise on music1 9 :i* musical proportions are d]iv$ f figures2 ! f\r? book is a/rological1 & treats ( ! h>mony ( rays emanat+ on ! e>? f ! heav5ly bodies1 & on _! influ5ce ov] ! sublun>y or human s\l2 ! fif? book is a/ronomical & metaphysical1 & treats ( ! exquisite h>monies ( ! cele/ial motions1 & ( ! celebrat$ ?ird law ( ! univ]se1 :i* we h already ref]r$ to4 ,?is law1 z he himself in=ms u1 fir/ ent]$ 8 m9d on ! #h? ,m>* #afah2 b1 hav+ made an errone\s calculation1 he 0 oblig$ to reject x4 ,he resum$ ! subject on ! #ae? ,may2 & hav+ discov]$ 8 =m] error1 he recognis$ ) transport ! absolute tru? ( a pr9ciple :i* = sev5te5 ye>s _h be5 ! object ( 8 incessant lab\rs4 ,! delight :i* ?is gr& discov]y gave him _h no b\nds4 ,no?+ holds me1 says he2 ,i w indulge 9 my sacr$ fury2 ,i w triumph ov] mank9d by ! hone/ confession1 t ,i h /ol5 ! gold5 vases ( ! ,egyptians1 to build up a tab]nacle = my ,god1 f> away f ! conf9es ( ,egypt4 ,if y =give me1 ,i rejoice2 if y are angry1 ,i c be> x4 ,! die is ca/2 ! book is writt51 to be read ei!r n[ or by po/]ity1 ,i c>e n :i*4 ,x may well wait a c5tury = a read]1 z ,god has wait$ six ?\s& ye>s = an obs]v]4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 9 #afah1 ,kepl] publi%$1 at ,l9z1 ! ?ree fir/ books ( 8 ,epitome ( ! ,cop]nican ,a/ronomy1 ( :i* ! f\r? 0 publi%$ at ! same place 9 #afbb1 & ! fif?1 six?1 & sev5? at ,frank=t 9 ! same ye>4 ,?is int]e/+ "w is a k9d ( summ>y ( all 8 a/ronomical views1 drawn up 9 ! =m ( a dialogue = ! p]usal ( g5]al read]s4 ,imm$iately aft] its publication1 x 0 plac$ by ! ,inquisition 9 ! li/ ( prohibit$ books2 & ! mom5t ,kepl] le>n$ ?is f 8 correspond5t ,remus1 he 0 ?r[n into great al>m1 & reque/$ f him "s in=mation respect+ ! t]ms & consequ5ces ( ! c5sure :i* 0 !n pron\nc$ aga9/ him4 ,he 0 afraid t x might compromise 8 p]sonal safety if he w5t to ,italy2 t he w\ld be compell$ to retract 8 op9ions2 t ! c5sure might ext5d to ,au/ria2 t ! sale ( 8 "w w\ld be ru9$2 & t he mu/ ei!r ab&on 8 c\ntry or 8 op9ions4 ,! reply ( 8 fri5d ,remus calm$ 8 agitat$ m9d1 by expla9+ to him ! true nature ( ! prohibition2 & he conclud$ 8 lett] ) a piece ( seasonable exhortation1 ,!re is no gr\nd = y\r al>m ei!r 9 ,italy or 9 ,au/ria1 only keep y\rself )9 b\nds1 & put a gu>d ^u y\r own passions4 ,9 ! ye> #afbj1 ,sir ,h5ry ,wotton1 ! ,engli% ambassador at ,v5ice1 paid a visit to ,kepl] on 8 way ?r\gh ,g]many4 ,x does n appe> :e!r or n ?is visit 0 paid at ! desire ( ,james ,i41 to :om ,kepl] _h d$icat$ "o ( 8 works1 b f ! nature ( ! communication :i* 0 made to him by ! ambassador1 !re are /rong reasons to ?9k t ?is 0 ! case4 ,sir ,h5ry ,wotton urg$ ,kepl] to take up 8 resid5ce 9 ,engl&1 :]e he c\ld assure him ( a welcome & an hon\rable reception2 b1 not)/&+ ! pecuni>y difficulties 9 :i* he 0 !n involv$1 he did n accept ( ! invitation4 ,9 ref]r+ to ?is (f] 9 "o ( 8 lett]s1 writt5 a ye> aft] x 0 made1 he ?us balances ! difficulties ( ! "q--,! fires ( civil w>1 says he1 are rag+ 9 ,g]many4 ,%all ,i !n cross ! sea :i!r ,wotton invites me8 ,i1 a ,g]man1 a lov] ( firm l&1 :o dread ! conf9em5t ( an isl&1 :o presage its dang]s1 & mu/ drag along ) me my little wife & flock ( *ildr58 ,z ,kepl] seems to h ent]ta9$ no d\bt ( 8 be+ well provid$ = 9 ,engl&1 x is ! m probable t ! ,briti% ,sov]eign _h made him a di/9ct (f] ?r\gh 8 ambassador4 ,a welcome & an hon\rable reception1 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( ^! t]ms1 c\ld n h suppli$ ! wants ( a />v+ a/ronom]1 :o 0 call$ ^u to r5\nce a l>ge ?\gh an ill-paid sal>y 9 8 native l&2 & ,kepl] _h exp]i5c$ too deeply ! fai?lessness ( royal pl$ges to tru/ 8 =tune to s vague an assurance z t :i* is impli$ 9 ! language ( ! ,engli% ambassador4 ,dur+ ! two c5turies :i* h elaps$ s9ce ?is invitation 0 giv5 to ,kepl]1 !re has be5 no reign dur+ :i* ! mo/ illu/ri\s =eign] c\ld hope = pecuni>y support1 ei!r f ! ,sov]eign or ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,engl&4 ,:at ,engli% sci5ce has nev] be5 able to comm& = h] indig5\s tal5t1 0 n likely to be pr(f]$ to =eign m]it4 ,! g5]\s he>ts ( individual ,engli%m51 inde$1 are always op5 to ! claims ( intellectual pre-em95ce1 & ev] ready to welcome ! /rang] :om x adorns2 b ?r\gh ! froz5 life-blood ( a ,briti% m9i/] su* sympa?ies h seldom vibrat$2 &1 amid ! /ruggles ( faction & ! anxieties ( p]sonal & family ambition1 he has turn$ a deaf e> to ! dem&s ( g5ius1 :e!r %e appe>$ 9 ! humble po/ure ( a suppliant1 or 9 ! pr\d] attitude ( a national b5efactor4 ,if ! imp]ial ma!matician1 !re=e1 _h no o!r assurance ( a com=table home 9 ,engl& ?an t ( ,sir ,h5ry ,wotton1 he act$ a wise "p 9 di/ru/+ x2 & we rejoice t ! sacr$ "n ( ,kepl] 0 ?us )held f ! long li/ ( di/+ui%$ *>act]s :om ,engl& has />v$ & di%on\r$4 ,9 ! ye> #afbj1 ,kepl] 0 expos$ to a sev]e calamity1 :i* cont9u$ to h>ass him = "s "t4 ,8 "m1 ,ca!r9e ,kepl]1 to ^: peculi>ities ( temp] we h already ref]r$1 0 arre/$ on ! #e? ,april1 ^u a *>ge ( a v s]i\s nature4 ,"o ( h] fri5ds hav+ "s ye>s be=e suff]$ a misc>riage1 0 subsequ5tly attack$ ) viol5t heada*es1 & ,ca!r9e 0 *>g$ ) hav+ adm9i/]$ poison to h] fri5d4 ,?is accusation 0 indignantly repell$1 & a "y doctor ( ! law1 :om %e consult$1 advis$ h] to raise an action aga9/ h] calumniator4 ,f pr(essional reasons1 or probably pecuni>y ones1 ?is zeal\s practition] cont9u$ to delay ! lawsuit = five ye>s4 ,! judge :o tri$ x happ5$ to be displac$1 & 0 succe$$ by ano!r1 :o _h a p]sonal qu>rel ) ! prosecutor4 ,! def5d]1 :o 0 aw>e ( ?is fav\rable *ange 9 h] case1 became ! accus]1 &1 9 ,july #afbj1 ,ca!r9e ,kepl] 0 s5t to prison1 & condemn$ to ! torture4 ,! mom5t ?is ev5t rea*$ ! e>s ( h] son1 he quitt$ ,l9z1 & arriv$ 9 "t to save h] f puni%m5t4 ,he f\nd t ! evid5ce ^u :i* %e 0 condemn$ _h no o!r f\ndation b h] own intemp]ate conduct2 &1 ?\gh 8 int]f]5ce 0 successful1 yet %e 0 n f9ally releas$ f prison till ! #d? ,novemb] #afba4 ,conv9c$ ( h] innoc5ce1 ?is bold woman1 n[ 9 ! #gi? ye> ( h] age1 rais$ a new action = damages aga9/ h] oppon5t2 b h] dea?1 9 ,april #afbb1 put an end to h] own mis]ies1 z well z to ! anxiety ( h] son4 ,among ! virtues ( ?is s+ul> woman1 we mu/ numb] t ( g5]osity4 ,moe/l91 ! old preceptor ( ,kepl]1 _h g5]\sly decl9$ any comp5sation = 8 in/ructions4 ,kepl] nev] =got ?is act ( k9dness1 &1 9 ! mid/ ( 8 pov]ty1 he f\nd means to s5d to ,moe/l9 a h&some silv] cup 9 tok5 ( 8 gratitude4 ,9 ackn[l$g+ ?is gift1 ,moe/l9 rem>ks1 ,y\r "m _h tak5 x into h] head t y ow$ me #bjj flor9s1 & _h br\ght #ae flor9s & a *&eli] t[>ds r$uc+ ! debt1 :i* ,i advis$ h] to s5d to y4 ,i ask$ h] to /ay to d9n]1 :i* %e refus$4 ,h[ev]1 we hansell$ y\r cup1 z y "k %e is ( a ?ir/y temp]am5t4 ,9 ! same ye> 9 :i* 8 "m 0 arre/$1 ! ,/ates ( ,/yria ord]$ all ! copies ( ! ,kal5d> = #afbd to be publicly burnt4 ,!re does n seem to be any reason = suppos+ t ?is insult proce$$ f 8 old enemies ! ,ca?olics4 ,!y w\ld1 no d\bt1 take an active %>e 9 c>ry+ x into effect2 b x w\ld appe> t 8 =m] patrons 7 affront$ at ,kepl]'s giv+ ! prec$5ce 9 8 title page to ! ,/ates ( ,upp] ,ens1 :]e he !n resid$1 above ! ,/ates ( ,/yria4 ,9 #afbb1 ! ,emp]or ,f]d9&1 not)/&+ 8 own pecuni>y difficulties1 ord]$ ! :ole ( ,kepl]'s arre>s to be paid1 ev5 ^? :i* _h be5 due by ,rudolph & ,ma?ias2 & s great 0 8 anxiety to h ! ,rudolph9e ,tables publi%$1 t he suppli$ ! means = _! imm$iate completion4 ,new difficulties1 h[ev]1 sprung up to ret>d /ill long] ! appe>ance ( ?is mo/ important "w4 ,! w>s ( ! re=mation1 :i* 7 !n agitat+ ! :ole ( ,g]many1 int]f]$ ) e peaceful pursuit4 ,! libr>y ( ,kepl] 0 seal$ up by ord] ( ! ,jesuits1 & x 0 only 8 position z imp]ial ma!matician t sav$ him f p]sonal inconv5i5ce4 ,a popul> insurrection foll[$ 9 ! tra9 ( ^! disa/]s4 ,! peasantry blockad$ ,l9z1 ! place ( ,kepl]'s resid5ce1 & x 0 n till ! ye> #afbg1 z ! title page be>s1 or #afbh1 z ,kepl] else:]e /ates1 t ^! celebrat$ ,tables 7 giv5 to ! _w4 ,! ,rudolph9e ,tables 7 publi%$ at ,ulm 9 "o volume folio4 ,^! ,tables 7 calculat$ by ,kepl] f ! ,obs]vations ( ,ty*o1 & are f\nd$ on 8 own great discov]y ( ! ellipticity ( ! planet>y orbits4 ,! fir/ & ?ird p>ts ( ! "w conta9 log>i?mic & o!r auxili>y tables1 = ! purpose ( facilitat+ a/ronomical calculations4 ,! second "p conta9s tables ( ! sun1 moon1 & planets2 & ! f\r? a catalogue ( #ajjj />s1 z det]m9$ by ,ty*o4 ,a nautical map is prefix$ to "s copies ( ! tables1 & ! description ( x conta9s ! fir/ notice ( ! me?od ( det]m9+ ! longitude by means ( occultations4 ,a %ort "t aft] ! publication ( ^! tables1 ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,tuscany1 in/igat$ no d\bt by ,galileo1 s5t ,kepl] a gold *a9 9 te/imony ( 8 approbation ( ! great s]vice :i* he _h r5d]$ to a/ronomy4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,alb]t ,wall5/e91 ,duke ( ,fri$l&1 a great patron ( a/rology1 & "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 ( ! age1 made ! mo/ munific5t (f]s to ,kepl]1 & invit$ him to take up 8 resid5ce at ,sagan 9 ,silesia4 ,! religi\s diss5sions :i* agitat$ ,l9z1 ! love ( tranquillity :i* ,kepl] _h s little enjoy$1 & ! publication ( 8 great "w1 induc$ him to accept ( ?is (f]4 ,he accord+ly remov$ 8 family f ,l9z to ,ratisbon 9 #afbi1 & he himself set out = ,prague1 ) ! d\ble object ( pres5t+ ! ,rudolph9e ,tables to ! ,emp]or1 & ( solicit+ 8 p]mission to g into ! s]vice ( ! ,duke ( ,fri$l&4 ,! ,emp]or did n hesitate to grant ?is reque/2 & w\ld h gladly transf]r$ ,kepl]'s arre>s z well z himself to ! *>ge ( a =eign pr9ce4 ,kepl] accord+ly set out ) 8 wife & family = ,sagan1 :]e he arriv$ 9 #afbi4 ,! ,duke ,alb]t treat$ him ) lib]ality & di/9ction4 ,he suppli$ him ) an assi/ant = 8 calculations1 & also ) a pr9t+ press2 &1 by 8 influ5ce ) ! ,duke ( ,meckl5burg1 he obta9$ = him a pr(essor%ip 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ro/o*4 ,9 ?is remote situation1 ,kepl] f\nd x extremely difficult to obta9 paym5t ( ! imp]ial p5sion :i* he /ill reta9$4 ,! arre>s _h accumulat$ to #hjjj cr[ns1 & he resolv$ to g to ! ,imp]ial ,assembly at ,ratisbon to make a f9al ef=t to obta9 !m4 ,8 attempts1 h[ev]1 7 fruitless4 ,! vexation :i* ?is occasion$1 & ! great fatigue :i* he _h und]gone1 ?rew him into a viol5t fev]1 :i* is said to h be5 "o ( cold1 & to h be5 accompani$ ) an impo/hume 9 8 bra91 occasion$ by too mu* /udy4 ,?is disease baffl$ ! skill ( 8 physicians1 & c>ri$ him (f on ! #e? ,novemb]1 ,o4,s4 #afcj1 9 ! sixtie? ye> ( 8 age4 ,! rema9s ( ?is great man 7 int]r$ 9 ,/ ,pet]'s ,*ur*y>d at ,ratisbon1 & ! foll[+ inscription1 embody+ an epitaph :i* he _h writt5 = himself1 0 engrav5 on 8 tomb/one4 ,,9 ,,hoc ,,quiescit ,,vir ,,nobilissimus1 ,,doctissimus ,,et ,,celeb]rimus ,,dom4 ,,johannes ,,kepl]us1 ,,trium ,,imp]atorum ,,rudolphi ,,ii41 ,,ma?iae1 ,,et ,,f]d9&i ,,ii41 ,,p] ,,annos ,,xxx1 ,,antea ,,v]o ,,proc]um ,,/yriae ,,ab ,,anno #aeid ,,usque #afjj1 ,,po/ea ,,quoque ,,a/riacorum ,,ord9um ,,ab ,,anno #afab ,,usque ,,ad ,,annum #afbh1 ,,ma!maticus ,,toti ,,orbi ,,*ri/iani1 ,,p] ,,monum5ta ,,publica ,,cognitus1 ,,ab ,,omnibus ,,doctis1 ,,int] ,,pr9cipes ,,a/ronomiae ,,num]atus1 ,,qui ,,propria ,,manu ,,assignatum ,,po/ ,,se ,,reliquit ,,tale ,,epitaphium4 ,m5sus eram coelos1 nunc t]rae metior umbras3 ,m5s coele/is erat1 corporis umbra jacet4 ,,9 ,,*ri/o ,,pie ,,obiit ,,anno ,,salutis #afcj1 ,,die #e ,,novembris1 ,,aetatis ,,suae ,,sexagesimo4 ,?is monum5t 0 n long pres]v$4 ,x 0 de/roy$ dur+ ! w>s :i* desolat$ ,g]many2 & no attempt 0 made till #aghf to m>k ) hon\r ! spot :i* conta9$ su* v5]able rema9s4 ,?is attempt1 h[ev]1 fail$1 & x 0 n till #ahjc t ?is great duty 0 paid to ! memory ( ,kepl]1 by ! ,pr9ce ,bi%op ( ,con/ance1 :o erect$ a h&some monum5tal temple ne> ! place ( 8 int]m5t1 & 9 ! ,botanical ,g>d5 ( ! city4 ,! temple is surm\nt$ by a sph]e1 & 9 ! c5tre is a bu/ ( ,kepl] 9 ,c>r>a m>ble4 ,kepl] left beh9d him a wife & sev5 *ildr5--two by 8 fir/ wife1 ,susanna & ,l\is2 & ?ree sons & two daught]s by 8 second wife1 viz4--,sebald1 ,cordelia1 ,fri$man1 ,hildeb]t1 & ,anna ,m>ia4 ,! elde/ ( ^!1 ,susanna1 0 m>ri$ a few mon?s be=e h] fa!r's dea? to ,jacob ,b>ts*ius1 8 pupil1 :o 0 educat$ z a physician2 & 8 son ,l\is di$ 9 #affc1 :ile practis+ m$ic9e at ,konigsb]g4 ,! *ildr5 by 8 second wife are said to h di$ "y4 ,!y 7 left 9 v n>r[ circum/ances2 & ?\gh #bd1jjj flor9s 7 due to ,kepl] by ! ,emp]or1 yet only a "p ( ?is sum 0 receiv$ by ,susanna1 9 consequ5ce ( h] refus+ to give up ,ty*o's ,obs]vations till ! debt 0 paid4 ,kepl] compos$ a little "w entitl$ ,! ,dream ( ,john ,kepl]1 or ,lun> ,a/ronomy1 ! object ( :i* 0 to describe ! ph5om5a se5 f ! moon2 b he di$ :ile he & ,b>ts*ius 7 engag$ 9 its publication1 & ,b>ts*ius hav+ resum$ ! task1 di$ also be=e its completion4 ,l\is ,kepl] dread$ to m$dle ) a "w :i* _h prov$ s fatal to 8 fa!r & 8 bro!r-9-law1 b ?is sup]/iti\s feel+ 0 ov]come1 & ! "w 0 publi%$ at ,frank=t 9 #afcf4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,numb] ( ,kepl]'s publi%$ ,works--,8 num]\s ,manuscripts 9 #bb folio volumes--,pur*as$ by ,hevelius1 & aft]w>ds by ,hans*--,:o publi%es ,kepl]'s ,life & ,correspond5ce at ! exp5se ( ,*>les ,,vi4--,! ,hi/ory ( ! re/ ( 8 ,manuscripts1 :i* are deposit$ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,/ ,pet]sburg--,g5]al ,"* ( ,kepl]--,8 ,c&\r 9 ackn[l$g+ 8 ,errors--,8 ,moral & ,religi\s ,"*--,8 ,a/rological ,writ+s & ,op9ions consid]$--,8 ,"* z an ,a/ronom] & a ,philosoph]--,! ,spl5d\r ( 8 ,discov]ies--,acc\nt ( 8 ,me?ods ( ,inve/igat+ ,tru?4 ,al?\gh ! lab\rs ( ,kepl] 7 frequ5tly int]rupt$ by sev]e & long-cont9u$ indisposition1 z well z by ! pecuni>y emb>rassm5ts 9 :i* he 0 con/antly involv$1 yet ! ard\r & p[] ( 8 m9d enabl$ him to surm\nt all ! difficulties ( 8 position4 ,n only did he br+ to a successful completion ! lead+ inquiries :i* he _h begun1 b he f\nd leisure = compos+ an imm5se numb] ( works m or less connect$ ) ! subject ( 8 /udies4 ,betwe5 #aeid1 :5 he publi%$ 8 ,kal5d> at ,gratz1 & #afcj1 ! ye> ( 8 dea?1 he publi%$ no few] ?an ?irty-?ree sep>ate works2 & he left beh9d him tw5ty-two volumes ( manuscripts1 sev5 ( :i* conta9 8 epi/ol>y correspond5ce4 ,! celebrat$ a/ronom] ,hevelius1 :o 0 a cotempor>y ( ,l\is ,kepl]1 pur*as$ all ^! manuscripts f ,kepl]'s repres5tatives4 ,at ! dea? ( ,hevelius !y 7 b\ght by ,m4 ,gottlieb ,hans*1 a zeal\s ma!matician1 :o 0 desir\s ( giv+ !m to ! _w4 ,= ?is purpose he issu$ a prospectus 9 #agad = publi%+ !m by subscription1 9 #bb volumes folio2 b ?is plan hav+ fail$1 he 0 introduc$ to ,*>les ,,vi41 :o lib]ally obta9$ = him #ajjj ducats to defray ! exp5se ( ! publication1 & an annual p5sion ( #cjj flor9s4 ,) su* enc\ragem5t1 ,hans* publi%$ 9 #agah1 9 "o volume folio1 ! correspond5ce ( ,kepl]1 entitl$ ,epi/olae ad ,joannem ,kepl]um1 ins]tis ad easdem responsionibus ,kepl]ianis1 quidquid hact5us rep]iri potu]unt1 opus novum1 et cum ,jo4 ,kepl]i vita4 ,! exp5ses ( ?is volume un=tunately exhau/$ ! #ajjj ducats :i* _h be5 grant$ by ! ,emp]or1 &1 in/ead ( be+ able to publi% ! re/ ( ! ,,mss41 ,hans* 0 "u ! necessity ( pl$g+ !m = #hbh flor9s4 ,"u ^! difficulties he address$ himself 9 va9 to ! celebrat$ ,wolfius1 to ! ,royal ,society ( ,london1 & to o!r bodies t 7 likely to int]e/ !mselves 9 su* a subject4 ,9 #agfa1 :5 ,m4 ,de ,murr ( ,nuremb]g 0 9 ,london1 he made great ex]tions to obta9 ! ,,mss41 & ,dr ,bradley is said to h be5 on ! eve ( pur*as+ !m4 ,! competition probably rais$ ! dem&s ( ! proprietor1 9 ^: h&s !y cont9u$ = _m ye>s4 ,9 #aggc !y 7 (f]$ = #djjj francs1 & sometime aft]w>ds ,m4 ,de ,murr pur*as$ !m = ! ,imp]ial ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,/ ,pet]sburg1 9 ^: libr>y !y /ill rema94 ,eul]1 ,lexell1 & ,kraft und]took ! task ( exam9+ !m1 & select+ ^? t 7 be/ fitt$ = publication1 b we believe t no /eps h yet be5 tak5 = execut+ ?is task1 nor are we aw>e t sci5ce w\ld d]ive any advantage f its completion4 ,al?\gh1 9 draw+ 8 own "*1 ,kepl] describes himself z tr\blesome & *ol]ic 9 politics & dome/ic matt]s1 yet ! g5]al ev5ts ( 8 life indicate a m peaceful disposition ?an might h be5 expect$ f ! peculi>ities ( 8 m9d & ! ard\r ( 8 temp]am5t4 ,on "o occasion1 inde$1 he wrote a viol5t & reproa*ful lett] to ,ty*o1 :o _h giv5 him no j gr\nd ( (f5ce2 b ! /ate ( ,kepl]'s heal? at t mom5t1 & ! necessit\s circum/ances 9 :i* he _h be5 plac$1 pres5t "s palliation ( 8 conduct4 ,b1 indep5d5t ( ?is apology1 8 subsequ5t conduct 0 s truly noble z to reconcile ev5 ,ty*o to 8 p5it5t fri5d4 ,kepl] quickly saw ! error :i* he committ$2 he lam5t$ x ) g5u9e contrition1 & 0 anxi\s to remove any unfav\rable impression :i* he might h giv5 ( 8 fri5d1 by ! mo/ public confession ( 8 error1 & by ! w>me/ ackn[l$gm5ts ( ! k9dness ( ,ty*o4 ,9 8 relations ) ! sci5tific m5 ( 8 own times1 ,kepl] conduct$ himself ) t c&\r & love ( tru? :i* %\ld always di/+ui% ! philosoph]4 ,he 0 nev] actuat$ by any mean jeal\sy ( 8 rivals4 ,he nev] scrupl$ to ackn[l$ge _! high m]its2 & :5 ! discov]ies made by ! telescope e/abli%$ beyond a d\bt ! errors ( "s ( ,kepl]'s views1 he will+ly av[$ 8 mi/ake1 & nev] jo9$ 9 ! opposition :i* 0 made by _m ( 8 fri5ds to ! discov]ies ( ,galileo4 ,a /rik+ example ( ?is 0 exhibit$ 9 ref]5ce to 8 suppos$ discov]y ( ,m]cury on ! sun's disc4 ,9 ! ye> #afjg1ej ,kepl] obs]v$ ^u ! face ( ! sun a d>k spot1 :i* he mi/ook = ,m]cury2 b ! day prov+ cl\dy1 he _h n ! means ( det]m9+ by subsequ5t obs]vations :e!r or n ?is op9ion 0 well f\nd$4 ,z spots on ! sun 7 at t "t unkn[n1 ,kepl] did n hesitate to publi% ! fact 9 #afjg1 9 8 ,m]curius 9 ,sole visus2 b :5 ,galileo1 a few ye>s aft]w>ds1 discov]$ a great numb] ( simil> spots ) ! telescope1 ,kepl] retract$ 8 op9ions1 & ackn[l$g$ t ,galileo's discov]y af=d$ an explanation1 also1 ( _m simil> obs]vations 9 old writ]s1 :i* he _h f\nd x difficult to reconcile ) ! actual motions ( ,m]cury4 #ej ,x is said t ,kepl] saw ?is d>k spot :ile look+ at ! sun 9 a cam]a obscura4 ,z a cam]a obscura is actually a telescope1 magnify+ objects 9 proportion to ! focal l5g? ( ! l5s employ$1 he may be said to h fir/ se5 ^! spots ) ! aid ( an optical in/rum5t4 ,kepl] 0 n "o ( ^? cold-he>t$ m5 :o1 ?\gh cont9ually occupi$ 9 ! /udy ( ! mat]ial _w1 & ambiti\s ( ! di/9ction :i* a successful exam9ation ( x conf]s1 are yet ins5sible to ! goodness & greatness ( ! ,be+ :o made & su/a9s x4 ,8 m9d 0 ca/ 9 a bett] m\ld4 ,! magnific5ce & h>mony ( ! div9e works excit$ 9 him n only admiration b love4 ,he felt 8 own humility ! f>!r he 0 all[$ to p5etrate into ! my/]ies ( ! univ]se2 & s5sible ( ! incompet5cy ( 8 unaid$ p[]s = su* transc5d5t rese>*es1 & recognis+ himself z b ! in/rum5t :i* ! ,almighty employ$ to make kn[n 8 wond]s1 he nev] ent]$ ^u 8 inquiries )\t pray+ = assi/ance f above4 ,?is frame ( m9d 0 by no means inconsi/5t ) t high _s ( delight & triumph ) :i* ,kepl] survey$ 8 discov]ies4 ,8 0 ! unpret5d+ ovation ( success1 n ! o/5tati\s triumph ( ambition2 & if a noble pride did occasionally m+le itself ) 8 feel+s1 x 0 ! pride ( be+ ! *os5 mess5g] ( physical tru?1 n t ( be+ ! fav\r$ possessor ( sup]ior g5ius4 ,) su* a frame ( m9d1 ,kepl] 0 necess>ily a ,*ri/ian4 ,! afflictions ) :i* he 0 beset confirm$ 8 fai? & bright5$ 8 hopes3 he bore !m 9 all _! v>iety & sev]ity ) ,*ri/ian pati5ce2 & ?\gh he knew t ?is _w 0 to be ! !atre ( 8 intellectual glory1 yet he felt t 8 re/ & 8 rew>d c\ld be f\nd only 9 ano!r4 ,x is difficult to =m any v intelligible idea ( ! nature & ext5t ( ,kepl]'s a/rological op9ions1 & ( ! degree ( cr$it :i* he himself plac$ 9 ! op9ions t he did av[4 ,9 8 ,pr9ciples ( ,a/rology1 publi%$ 9 #afjb1 & 9 o!r works1 he rails aga9/ ! vanity & wor?lessness ( ! ord9>y a/rology4 ,he reg>ds ^? :o pr(ess$ x z knaves & *>latans2 & ma9ta9s t ! planets & />s ex]cise no influ5ce :atev] ov] human affairs4 ,he conceives1 h[ev]1 t c]ta9 h>moni\s configurations ( suitable planets1 l ! spur to a horse1 or a spee* to an audi5ce1 h ! p[] ( excit+ ! m9ds ( m5 to c]ta9 g5]al actions or impulses2 s t ! only effect ( ^! configurations is to op]ate along ) ! vital s\l 9 produc+ results :i* w\ld n o!rwise h tak5 place4 ,z an example ( ?is1 he /ates t ^? :o are born :5 _m aspects ( ! planets occur1 g5]ally turn out busy & indu/ri\s1 :e!r !y be occupi$ 9 amass+ weal?1 manag+ public affairs1 or prosecut+ sci5tific /udies4 ,kepl] himself 0 born "u a triple configuration1 & h5ce1 9 8 op9ion1 8 ard\r & activity 9 /udy2 & he in=ms u t he knew a lady born "u ne>ly ! same configurations1 :o n only makes no progress 9 lit]ature1 b tr\bles h] :ole family & occasions deplorable mis]y to h]self4 ,?is excitem5t ( ! faculties ( sublun>y natures1 z he expresses x1 by ! col\rs & aspects & conjunctions ( ! planets1 is reg>d$ by ,kepl] z a fact1 :i* he _h d$uc$ f obs]vation1 & :i* has compell$ 8 unwill+ belief4 ,i h be5 driv5 to ?is1 says he1 n by /udy+ or admir+ ,plato1 b s+ly & solely by obs]v+ seasons1 & not+ ! aspects by :i* !y are produc$4 ,i h se5 ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e almo/ uni=mly di/urb$ z (t5 z ! planets are 9 conjunction1 or 9 ! o!r configurations s celebrat$ among a/rolog]s4 ,i h notic$ its tranquil /ate ei!r :5 !re are none or few su* aspects1 or :5 !y are transitory & ( %ort duration4 ,_h ,kepl] be5 able to exam9e ^! ha/y & errone\s d$uctions by long cont9u$ obs]vation1 he w\ld soon h f\nd t ! co9cid5ce :i* he did obs]ve 0 m]ely accid5tal1 & he w\ld h *e]fully ackn[l$g$ x4 ,speculations ( ?is k9d1 h[ev]1 are1 f _! v nature1 less subject to a rigor\s scrut9y2 & a long s]ies ( obs]vations is necess>y ei!r to e/abli% or to ov]turn !m4 ,! indu/ry ( mod]n obs]v]s has n[ suppli$ ?is defect1 & !re is no po9t 9 sci5ce m c]ta9 ?an t ! sun1 moon1 & planets d n ex]cise any influ5ce on ! g5]al /ate ( our atmosph]e4 ,! philosoph]s 9 ,kepl]'s day1 :o _h /udi$ ! ph5om5a ( ! tides1 )\t hav+ any idea ( _! cause1 & :o obs]v$ t !y 7 cle>ly relat$ to ! daily motions ( ! two great lum9>ies1 may be excus$ = ! extravagance ( _! belief 9 suppos+ t ! planets ex]cis$ o!r influ5ces ov] sublun>y nature4 ,al?\gh ,kepl]1 9 8 ,comm5t>ies on ,m>s1 _h consid]$ x probable t ! wat]s ( our ocean are attract$ by ! moon1 z iron is by a load/one1 yet ?is op9ion seems to h be5 a v transi5t "o1 z he long aft]w>ds1 9 8 ,sy/em ( ,h>monies1 /at$ 8 firm belief t ! e>? is an enorm\s liv+ animal1 & enum]ates ev5 ! analogies betwe5 its habits & ^? ( kn[n animat$ be+s4 ,he consid]$ ! tides z waves produc$ by ! sp\t+ out ( wat] ?r\gh its gills1 & he expla9s _! relation to ! sol> & lun> motions by suppos+ t ! t]r5e mon/] has1 l o!r animals1 its daily & nightly alt]nations ( sleep+ & wak+4 ,f ! consid]ation ( ,kepl]'s a/rological op9ions1 x is an agreeable transition to proce$ to ! exam9ation ( 8 high m]its z an a/ronom] & a philosoph]4 ,z an exp]im5tal philosoph]1 or z an a/ronomical obs]v]1 ,kepl] does n lay claim to our admiration4 ,he himself ackn[l$ges1 t = obs]vations 8 sight 0 dull1 & = me*anical op]ations 8 h& 0 awkw>d4 ,he suff]$ mu* f weak eyes1 & ! delicacy ( 8 con/itution did n p]mit him to expose himself to ! night air4 ,not)/&+ ^! h9drances1 h[ev]1 he add$ sev]al obs]vations to ^? ( ,ty*o1 :i* he made ) two in/rum5ts t 7 pres5t$ to him by 8 fri5d ,h(fman1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,/ates ( ,/yria4 ,^! in/rum5ts 7 an iron sextant1 #b-a_/b feet 9 diamet]1 & a brass azimu?al quadrant #c-a_/b feet 9 diamet]1 bo? ( :i* 7 divid$ into s+le m9utes ( a degree4 ,!y 7 v seldom us$1 & we mu/ reg>d ! circum/ances :i* disqualifi$ ,kepl] = an obs]v]1 z highly fav\rable to ! developem5t ( ^? great p[]s :i* he direct$ ) undivid$ en]gy to physical a/ronomy4 ,ev5 if ,kepl] _h nev] turn$ 8 att5tion to ! heav5s1 8 optical lab\rs w\ld h giv5 him a high rank among ! orig9al inquir]s ( 8 age2 b :5 we consid] him also z ! discov]] ( ! ?ree great laws :i* be> 8 "n1 we mu/ assign him a rank next to t ( ,newton4 ,! hi/ory ( sci5ce does n pres5t u ) any discov]ies m truly orig9al1 or :i* requir$ = _! e/abli%m5t a m p[]ful & vigor\s m9d4 ,! speculations ( 8 pr$ecessors af=d$ him no assi/ance4 ,f ! cumbr\s ma*9]y adopt$ by ,cop]nicus1 ,kepl] pass$1 at "o /ep1 to an elliptical orbit1 ) ! sun 9 "o ( its foci1 & f t mom5t a/ronomy became a demon/rative sci5ce4 ,! spl5did discov]ies ( ,newton sprung imm$iately f ^? ( ,kepl]1 & complet$ ! great *a9 ( tru?s :i* con/itute ! laws ( ! planet>y sy/em4 ,! ecc5tricity & boldness ( ,kepl]'s p[]s =m a /rik+ contra/ ) ! calm intellect & ! endur+ pati5ce ( ,newton4 ,! bright sp>k :i* ! g5ius ( ! "o elicit$1 0 fo/]$ by ! sagacity ( ! o!r into a /eady & a p]man5t flame4 ,kepl] has =tunately left beh9d him a full acc\nt ( ! me?ods by :i* he arriv$ at 8 great discov]ies4 ,:at o!r philosoph]s h /udi\sly conceal$1 ,kepl] has op5ly av[$1 & m9utely detail$2 & we h no hesitation 9 consid]+ ^! details z ! mo/ valuable pres5t t has ev] be5 giv5 to sci5ce1 & z des]v+ ! c>eful /udy ( all :o seek to emulate 8 immortal a*ievem5ts4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t ,newton made 8 discov]ies by foll[+ a diff]5t me?od2 b ?is is a m]e assumption1 z ,newton has nev] fav\r$ ! _w ) any acc\nt ( ! errone\s speculations & ! frequ5t failures :i* mu/ h prec$$ 8 ultimate success4 ,_h ,kepl] done ! same1 by record+ only ! f9al /eps ( 8 inquiries1 8 me?od ( inve/igation w\ld h obta9$ ! highe/ celebrity1 & w\ld h be5 held up to future ages z a patt]n = _! imitation4 ,b su* 0 ! c&\r ( 8 m9d1 & su* 8 inord9ate love ( tru?1 t he n only record$ 8 wilde/ fancies1 b emblazon$ ev5 8 greate/ errors4 ,if ,newton _h indulg$ u ) ! same insight into 8 physical inquiries1 we %\ld h witness$ ! same processes :i* 7 employ$ by ,kepl]1 modifi$ only by ! diff]5t *>act]s & int5sities ( _! imag9ative p[]s4 ,:5 ,kepl] direct$ 8 m9d to ! discov]y ( a g5]al pr9ciple1 he set di/9ctly be=e him1 & nev] once lo/ sight (1 ! explicit object ( 8 se>*4 ,8 imag9ation1 n[ unre9$1 indulg$ itself 9 ! creation & inv5tion ( v>i\s hypo!ses4 ,! mo/ plausible1 or p]haps ! mo/ fasc9at+1 ( ^! 0 !n submitt$ to a rigor\s scrut9y2 & ! mom5t x 0 f\nd to be incompatible ) ! results ( obs]vation & exp]im5t1 x 0 will+ly ab&on$1 & ano!r hypo!sis submitt$ to ! same sev]e ordeal4 ,by ?us gradually exclud+ errone\s views & assumptions1 ,kepl] n only made a decid$ approximation to ! object ( 8 pursuit1 b 9 ! trials to :i* 8 op9ions 7 submitt$1 & 9 ! obs]vations or exp]im5ts :i* !y call$ =?1 he discov]$ new facts & arriv$ at new views :i* direct$ 8 subsequ5t inquiries4 ,by pursu+ ?is me?od1 he succe$$ 9 8 mo/ difficult rese>*es1 & discov]$ ^? beautiful & pr(\nd laws :i* h be5 ! admiration ( succe$+ ages4 ,9 trac+ ! r\te :i* he foll[$1 x is easy = ^? :o live "u ! light ( mod]n sci5ce to say t 8 fancies 7 (t5 wild1 & 8 lab\r (t5 wa/$2 b1 9 judg+ ( ,kepl]'s me?ods1 we ought to place ourselves 9 8 times1 & inve/ ourselves ) ! op9ions & ! k ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,9 ! infancy ( a sci5ce !re is no speculation s absurd z n to m]it exam9ation4 ,! mo/ remote & fanciful explanations ( facts h (t5 be5 f\nd ! true ones2 & op9ions :i* h 9 "o c5tury be5 objects ( ridicule1 h 9 ! next be5 admitt$ among ! elem5ts ( our k4 ,! physical _w teems ) wond]s1 & ! v>i\s =ms ( matt] exhibit to u prop]ties & relations f> m extraord9>y ?an ! wilde/ fancy c\ld h conceiv$4 ,human reason /&s appall$ be=e ?is magnific5t display ( creative p[]1 & !y :o h drunk deepe/ ( its wisdom w be ! lea/ dispos$ to limit ! excursions ( physical speculation4 ,! influ5ce ( ! imag9ation z an in/rum5t ( rese>*1 has1 we ?9k1 be5 mu* ov]look$ by ^? :o h v5tur$ to give laws to philosophy4 ,?is faculty is ( ! greate/ value 9 physical inquiries4 ,if we use x z a guide1 & confide 9 its indications1 x w infallibly deceive u2 b if we employ x z an auxili>y1 x w af=d u ! mo/ invaluable aid4 ,its op]ation is l t ( ! light troops :i* are s5t out to asc]ta9 ! /r5g? & position ( an enemy4 ,:5 ! /ruggle comm5ces1 _! s]vices t]m9ate2 & x is by ! solid phalanx ( ! judgm5t t ! battle mu/ be f\ght & won4 ,g4 ,s4 ,,tullis1 ,,pr9t]1 ,,cupan4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,notes & ,errata ,! foll[+ typographical errors h be5 correct$3 ,error ,correction betw5 betwe5 8 8 8 secretry secret>y !re sid5ce ! resid5ce guag+ gaug+ ---------------------------------------- ----------------------