,,newspap] ,,report+ ,,& ,,correspond5ce ,a ,,manual ,,= ,,report]s1 ,,correspond5ts1 ,,& ,,/ud5ts ,,( ,,newspap] ,,writ+ ,,by ,,grant ,,milnor ,,hyde1 ,m4,a4 ,,in/ructor ,,9 ,,j\rnalism ,,9 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,wiscons94 ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company #aiab ,,copyright1 #aiab1 ,,by ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,,to ,,my ,,"m ,,introduction ,! purpose ( ?is book is to in/ruct ! prospective newspap] report] 9 ! way to write ^? /ories :i* 8 future pap] w call ^u him to write1 & to help ! "y cub report] & ! /ruggl+ correspond5t pa/ ! p]ils ( ! copyread]'s p5cil by tell+ !m h[ to write clean copy t requires a m9imum ( edit+4 ,x is n conc]n$ ) ! :y ( ! newspap] bus9ess--! editor may att5d to t--b ) ! h[ ( ! report]'s "w4 ,& an ability to write is believ$ to be ! report]'s *ief asset4 ,!re is no space 9 ?is book to dilate ^u newspap] organization1 ! "w ( ! bus9ess (fice1 ! writ+ ( adv]tisem5ts1 ! pr9ciples ( editorial writ+1 or ! h[ & :y ( newspap] policy & practice1 z x is4 ,^! ?+s d n conc]n ! report] dur+ ! fir/ few mon?s ( 8 "w1 & he w le>n !m f exp]i5ce :5 he ne$s !m4 ,until !n1 8 usefulness dep5ds solely ^u 8 ability to get news & to write x4 ,!re are two phases ( ! "w :i* e report] mu/ le>n3 h[ to get ! news & h[ to write x4 ,! fir/ he c pick up easily by actual newspap] exp]i5ce--if nature has end[$ him ) a nose = news4 ,! writ+ ( ! news he c le>n only by h>d practice--a ye>'s h>d practice on "s pap]s--& x is g5]ally conc$$ t practice 9 writ+ news /ories c be secur$ at home or 9 ! classroom z effectively z practice 9 writ+ %ort /ories1 plays1 bus9ess lett]s1 or any o!r special =m ( composition4 ,newspap] exp]i5ce may aid ! report] 9 le>n+ h[ to write 8 /ories1 b a newspap] appr5tice%ip is n absolutely necess>y4 ,h[ev]1 :e!r he is /udy+ ! trade ( newspap] writ+ 9 8 home1 9 a classroom1 or 9 ! city room ( a daily pap]1 he ne$s positive in/ruction 9 ! ,engli% composition ( ! newspap] (fice--r ?an haphaz>d criticism & a deluge ( don'ts4 ,h5ce ?is book is conc]n$ prim>ily ) ! writ+ ( ! news4 ,successful newspap] report+ requires bo? an ability to write good ,engli% & an ability to write good ,engli% 9 ! conv5tional newspap] =m4 ,& !re is a conv5tional =m = e k9d ( newspap] /ory4 ,_m editors ( ! pres5t day are try+ to break away f ! conv5tional =m & to evolve a loos] & m natural me?od ( writ+ news /ories4 ,! results are (t5 biz>re & sometimes v effective4 ,c]ta9ly orig9ality 9 expression adds mu* to ! int]e/ ( newspap] /ories1 & _m a good piece ( news is ru9$ by a bald1 dry recital ( facts4 ,j z ! good report] is always "o :o c give 8 y>ns a di/9ctive flavor1 great newspap] /ories are seldom writt5 "u ! re/riction ( rules4 ,b no "y report] c hope to atta9 success ?r\gh orig9ality & defiance ( rules until he has fir/ ma/]$ ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( newspap] writ+4 ,he c nev] expect to write ! /ory ( ! ye> until he has le>n$ to h&le ev]yday news )\t bury+ ! gi/ ( 8 /ories--any m ?an an arti/ c hope to pa9t a liv+ portrait until he has le>n$1 ) ! aid ( rules1 to draw ! face ( a pla/] block-head4 ,h5ce ! emphasis ^u =m & sy/em 9 ?is book4 ,&1 :atev] ! =m may be1 ! embodim5t mu/ be cle>1 concise1 grammatical ,engli%2 t is ! excuse = ! _m axioms ( simple ,engli% gramm> t are introduc$ side by side ) ! /udy ( ! newspap] =m4 ,! au?or (f]s ?is book z ! result ( p]sonal newspap] exp]i5ce & ( 8 "w z in/ructor 9 classes 9 newspap] writ+ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons94 ,e item t is (f]$ is ! result ( an attempt to correct ! mi/akes t h appe>$ mo/ (t5 9 ! pap]s ( /ud5ts :o are try+ to d newspap] writ+ 9 ! classroom4 ,! seem+ly disproportionate emphasis ^u c]ta9 bran*es ( ! subject & ! con/ant repetition ( c]ta9 simple pr9ciples are to be excus$ by ! purpose ( ! book--to be a text-book 9 ! c\rse ( /udy work$ out 9 ?is s*ool ( j\rnalism4 ,! use ( ! fire /ory z typical ( all newspap] /ories & z a model = all newspap] writ+ is *>act]i/ic ( ?is me?od ( in/ruction4 ,f\r *apt]s are devot$ to ! explanation ( a s+le pr9ciple :i* any read] c\ld grasp 9 a mom5t1 because exp]i5ce has %[n t an equival5t ( f\r *apt]s ( /udy & practice is requir$ to tea* ! /ud5t ! application ( ?is pr9ciple & to fix x 9 8 m9d s ?or\ghly t he w n =get x 9 8 lat] "w ( writ+ m complicat$ /ories4 ,x is felt t ! beg9n] ne$s & mu/ h ! detail$ explanation1 ! con/ant reit]ation & "s def9ite rules to guide him 9 8 practice4 ,h5ce ! emphasis ^u ! conv5tional =m4 ,s9ce1 9 ! application ( ! newspap] pr9ciple ( beg9n+ ) ! gi/ ( ! /ory1 ! /ructure ( ! lead is ( great] importance ?an ! re/ ( ! /ory1 ?is book devotes ! great] "p ( its discussion to ! lead4 ,! sugge/ions = practice are atta*$ 9 an attempt to give ! "y newspap] man "s positive in/ruction4 ,mo/ report]s are in/ruct$ by a sy/em ( don'ts1 gr[l$ out by busy editors2 mo/ correspond5ts receive no in/ruction at all--a positive sugge/ion n[ & !n _c b help !m bo?4 ,practice is necess>y 9 ! /udy ( any =m ( writ+2 ^! sugge/ions = practice embody ! me?od ( practice us$ 9 ?is s*ool ( j\rnalism4 ,! examples are tak5 f repres5tative pap]s ( ! entire c\ntry to %[ ! /ud5t h[ ! /ories are actually writt5 9 newspap] (fices4 ,madison1 ,wiscons91 ,june #c1 #aiab4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,ga!r+ ,,! ,,news #a ,,ii4 ,,news ,,values #ad ,,iii4 ,,newspap] ,,t]ms #bh ,,iv4 ,,! ,,news ,,/ory ,,=m #cd ,v4 ,,! ,,simple ,,fire ,,/ory #da ,,vi4 ,,! ,,feature ,,fire ,,/ory #ej ,,vii4 ,,faults ,,9 ,,news ,,/ories #ge ,,viii4 ,,o!r ,,news ,,/ories #aje ,,ix4 ,,foll[-,,up ,,& ,,rewrite ,,/ories #abe ,x4 ,,reports ,,( ,,spee*es #adc ,,xi4 ,,int]views #afi ,,xii4 ,,c\rt ,,report+ #aib ,,xiii4 ,,social ,,news ,,& ,,obitu>ies #bjd ,,xiv4 ,,sport+ ,,news #bai ,,xv4 ,,human ,,int]e/ ,,/ories #bcc ,,xvi4 ,,dramatic ,,report+ #bei ,,xvii4 ,,/yle ,,book #bgf ,,app5dix ,i--,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,/udy #bid ,,app5dix ,,ii--,,news ,,/ories ,,to ,,be ,,correct$ #caa ,,index #cci ,,newspap] ,,report+ ,,& ,,correspond5ce ,i ,,ga!r+ ,,! ,,news ,unlike almo/ any o!r pr(ession1 t ( a newspap] report] comb9es two v diff]5t activities--! ga!r+ ( news & ! writ+ ( news4 ,"p ( ! "w mu/ be done 9 ! (fice & "p ( x outside on ! /reet4 ,at 8 desk 9 ! (fice a report] is engag$ 9 ! lit]>y1 or pseudo-lit]>y1 occupation ( writ+ news /ories2 outside on ! /reet he is a detective ga!r+ news & hunt+ = elusive facts to be comb9$ lat] into /ories4 ,al?\gh ! two activities are closely relat$1 ea* requires a diff]5t sort ( ability & a diff]5t tra9+4 ,9 a newspap] (fice ! two activities are r>ely sep>at$1 b a beg9n] mu/ le>n ea* duty indep5d5t ( ! o!r4 ,?is book w n attempt to deal ) bo?2 x w conf9e itself ma9ly to "o phase1 ! pseudo-lit]>y activity ( writ+ news /ories4 ,h[ev]1 introductory to ! discussion ( ! writ+ ( newspap] /ories1 we may glance at ! o!r side ( ! newspap] writ]'s "w--! ga!r+ ( ! news4 ,:]e ! newspap] gets its news & h[ x gets its news c be le>n$ only by exp]i5ce1 = x diff]s 9 diff]5t cities & ) diff]5t pap]s4 ,b an outl9e ( ! backgr\nd ( news-ga!r+ may assi/ u 9 writ+ ! news aft] x is ga!r$ & ready = u to write4 #a4 ,report] vs4 ,correspond5t4--,!re are two capacities 9 :i* "o may write news /ories = a pap]4 ,he may "w on ! /aff z a regul> report] or he may supply news f a di/ance z a correspond5t4 ,9 ! "o case he works "u ! p]sonal sup]vision ( a city editor & sp5ds 8 entire "t at ! regul> occupation ( ga!r+ & writ+ news4 ,z a correspond5t he works 9 a di/ant city1 "u ! indirect sup]vision ( ! city1 telegraph1 or /ate editor1 & s5ds 9 only ! occasional /ories t seem to be ( int]e/ to 8 pap]4 ,9 ei!r case ! same rules apply to 8 news ga!r+ & to 8 news writ+4 ,& 9 ei!r case ! l5g? ( 8 employm5t dep5ds ^u 8 ability to turn 9 clean copy 9 ! =m 9 :i* 8 pap] wi%es to pr9t ! news4 ,bo? ! report] & ! correspond5t mu/ write _! /ories 9 ! same =m & mu/ look at news & ! s\rces ( news f almo/ ! same po9t ( view4 ,:atev] is said ( ! report] applies equally to ! correspond5t4 #b4 ,expect$ & ,unexpect$ ,news4--,! daily news may be divid$ into two classes f ! newspap]'s po9t ( view3 expect$ & unexpect$ news4 ,expect$ news includes all /ories ( :i* ! pap] has a previ\s k4 ,into ?is class fall all meet+s1 spee*es1 s]mons1 elections1 a?letic conte/s1 social ev5ts1 & daily happ5+s t d n come unexpect$ly4 ,!y are ! ev5ts t are ann\nc$ be=eh& & tipp$ (f to ! pap] 9 "t = ! editor to s5d out a report] to cov] !m p]sonally4 ,^! ev5ts are ( c\rse record$ 9 ! (fice1 & ea* day ! editor has a c]ta9 numb] ( !m1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( news t he is sure (4 ,ea* day he looks ov] 8 book to note ! ev5ts t are to take place dur+ t day & s5ds out 8 report]s to cov] !m4 ,! o!r class includes ! /ories t break unexpect$ly4 ,accid5ts1 dea?s1 fires1 /orms1 & o!r unexpect$ happ5+s come )\t w>n+ & ! report+ ( !m _c be arrang$ = 9 advance4 ,^! are ! /ories t ! pap] is mo/ anxi\s to get & ! ?+s = :i* ! :ole /aff always has its eyes & e>s op54 ,seldom are !y he>d ( 9 "t = ! pap] to h !m cov]$ p]sonally1 & ! report+ ( su* /ories becomes a sep>ate sort ( "w--! ga!r+ & sort+ ( ! facts t c be obta9$ only f *ance witnesses4 #c4 ,news ,s\rces4--,!re are c]ta9 s\rces f :i* ! pap] gets mo/ ( its tips ( expect$ ev5ts & its k ( unexpect$ ev5ts4 ,^! e editor kn[s ab\t4 ,! c\rts1 ! public records1 ! public (fices1 ! *ur*es1 & ! s*ools furni% a great _m ( ! tips ( expect$ news4 ,! police /ations1 ! fire /ations1 ! hospitals1 & ! morgues furni% mo/ ( ! tips ( unexpect$ news4 ,:5ev] an ev5t is go+ to happ51 or :5ev] an unexpect$ occurr5ce does happ51 a notice ( x is to be f\nd 9 "s "o ( ^! s\rces4 ,su* a notice or a casual ^w f any "o is call$ a tip & indicates ! possibility ( secur+ a /ory4 ,! secur+ ( ! /ory is ano!r matt]4 ,a w\ld-be report] may get good practice f /udy+ ! /ories 9 ! daily pap]s & try+ to discov] or imag9e f :at s\rce ! orig9al news tip came4 ,he w soon f9d t c]ta9 classes ( /ories always come f c]ta9 s\rces & t !re is a p]ceptible am\nt ( r\t9e evid5t 9 ! acc\nts ( ! mo/ unexpect$ occurr5ces4 #d4 ,runs & ,assignm5ts4--,betwe5 ! news tip & ! f9i%$ copy = ! compositor !re is a va/ am\nt ( news ga!r+1 :i* falls to ! lot ( ! report]4 ,?is is h&l$ by a sy/em ( runs & special assignm5ts4 ,a report] usually has 8 own run1 or beat1 on :i* he ga!rs news4 ,8 run may cov] a c]ta9 numb] ( police /ations or ! city hall or any gr\p ( regul> news s\rces4 ,ea* day he mu/ visit ! v>i\s s\rces ( news on 8 beat & ga!r ! tips & :atev] facts ab\t ! /ories beh9d ! tips t he c4 ,! tips t he secures furni% him ) clues to ! /ories1 & x is 8 bus9ess to get ! facts beh9d all ( ! tips on 8 beat & to write !m up1 unless a tip op5s up a /ory t is too big = him to h&le alone )\t neglect+ 8 beat4 ,assignm5ts are us$ to cov] ! /ories t d n come 9 ?r\gh ! regul> s\rces1 & to h&le ! big /ories t are une>!d on ! regul> beats4 ,! editor turns ov] to ! report] ! tip t he has receiv$ & in/ructs him to g out & get ! facts4 ,a pap]'s be/ report]s are us$ almo/ entirely on assignm5ts1 & :5 !y g out aft] a /ory !y practically become detectives4 ,!y foll[ e clue t ! tip sugge/s & e clue t is op5$ up z !y progress2 !y hunt d[n ! facts until !y are reasonably sure t !y h secur$ ! :ole /ory4 ,! result may n be wor? writ+1 or x may be wor? a place on ! front page1 b ! report] mu/ get to ! bottom ( x4 ,:e!r on a beat or on an assignm5t e report] mu/ h 8 e>s op5 = a tip ( "s unexpect$ /ory & mu/ secure ! facts or in=m ! editor at once4 ,x is 9 ?is way t a pap] gets a scoop1 or beat1 on its rivals by pr9t+ a /ory be=e ! o!r pap]s h he>d ( x4 #e4 ,int]views = ,facts4--,to cov] an assignm5t & secure ! facts ( a /ory is n at all easy4 ,if ! report] c\ld be a p]sonal witness ( ! happ5+ :i* he is to report1 ! task w\ld be simpl]4 ,b1 outside ! case ( expect$ ev5ts1 he r>ely he>s ( ! occurr5ce until aft] x is pa/ & ! excitem5t has subsid$4 ,!n he mu/ f9d ! p]sons :o witness$ ! occurr5ce or :o "k ! facts1 & get ! /ory f !m4 ,p]haps he has to see a doz5 p to get ! in=mation he wants4 ,gett+ facts f p 9 ?is way is call$ int]view+--int]view+ = facts1 z di/+ui%$ f =mal int]view+ = ! purpose ( secur+ a /atem5t or an op9ion t is to be pr9t$ ) ! "n ( ! man :o utt]s x4 ,al?\gh a doz5 int]views may be necess>y = a s+le /ory1 n "o ( !m is m5tion$ 9 ! /ory1 = !y are ( no importance except 9 ! facts t !y supply4 ,= example1 suppose a report] is s5t out to get ! /ory ( a fire t has />t$ an h\r or two be=e he goes on duty4 ,all t 8 editor gives him is ! tip f ! fire dep>tm5t1 or f "s o!r s\rce1 ( a fire at su*-&-su* an address4 ,:5 he arrives at ! sc5e !re is no?+ left b smold]+ ru9s ) p]haps an eng9e ?r[+ a /ream on ! smok+ dbris & a few by-/&]s /ill loit]+ ab\t4 ,he c see ) 8 own eyes :at k9d ( build+ has burn$1 & h[ completely x has be5 de/roy$4 ,a by-/&] may be able to tell him :o occupi$ ! build+ or :at x 0 us$ =1 b he mu/ hunt = "s "o else :o c give him ! exact facts t 8 pap] wants4 ,p]haps he c f9d ! t5ant & le>n f him :at 8 loss has be54 ,! t5ant c give him ! "n ( ! own] & may be able to tell him some?+ ab\t ! orig9 ( ! fire4 ,he mu/ f9d ! own] to get ! value ( ! build+ & ! am\nt ( insurance c>ri$4 ,p]haps he _c f9d any ( ^! p & mu/ ask ! fire *ief or "s "o else to give him :at facts & e/imates he c4 ,if ! fire is at all s]i\s he mu/ f9d out :o 0 kill$ or injur$ & get _! names & addresses & ! nature ( _! injury or ! mann] ( _! dea?4 ,p]haps he c talk to "s ( ! p :o _h n>r[ escapes1 or int]view ! fri5ds or relatives ( ! dead4 ,ev]y:]e he turns new clues op5 up1 & he mu/ foll[ ea* "o ( !m 9 turn until he is sure t he has all ! facts4 #f4 ,po9t ( ,view4--,! task w\ld be easy if e "o c\ld tell ! report] j ! facts t 8 pap] wants4 ,b 9 ! confusion e "o is excit$ & fairly bubbl+ ov] ) rumors & guesses :i* may lat] turn out to be false4 ,ea* p]son :o is int]e/$ 9 ! incid5t sees & tells x only f 8 own po9t ( view4 ,obvi\sly ! report]'s pap] does n want ! facts f _m diff]5t po9ts ( view1 nor ev5 f ! po9t ( view ( ! fire dep>tm5t1 ( ! own]1 or ( ! woman :o 0 rescu$ f ! ?ird floor4 ,! pap] wants ! /ory f a s+le po9t ( view--! po9t ( view ( an un9t]e/$ spectator4 ,consequ5tly ! report] mu/ get ! facts ?r\gh int]views ) a doz5 diff]5t p1 disc\nt possible exagg]ation & falsity due to excitem5t1 make all[ances = ! diff]5t po9ts ( view1 h>monize conflict+ /atem5ts1 & sift f ! mass :at seems to him to be ! tru?4 ,!n he mu/ write ! /ory f ! un9t]e/$ po9t ( view ( ! public1 :i* wants to he> ! exact facts ( ! fire told 9 an unprejudic$ way4 ,nev] does ! /ory m5tion any ( ! int]views beh9d x except :5 ! report] is afraid ( "s /atem5t & wants to put ! responsibility ^u ! p]son :o gave x to him4 ,& s ! f9i%$ /ory t we read 9 ! next morn+'s pap] is ! composite /ory ( ! fire *ief1 ! own]1 ! t5ant1 ! man :o discov]$ ! fire1 ! wid[ :o 0 driv5 f h] little flat1 ! little girl :o 0 c>ri$ d[n a ladd] ?r\gh ! smoke1 ! man :o lo/ ev]y?+ he _h 9 ! _w1 & ! cynic :o wat*$ ! flames f beh9d ! firel9e--all mass$ toge!r & sift$ & retold 9 an imp]sonal way f ! po9t ( view ( a by-/&] :o has be5 ev]y:]e ?r\gh ! flames & has kept 8 bra9 free f ! t]ror & excitem5t ( x all4 ,! same is true ( e /ory t is pr9t$ 9 a newspap]4 ,e /ory mu/ be secur$ 9 ! same way--:e!r x is ! acc\nt ( a bus9ess transaction1 a bank robb]y1 a political sc&al1 a murd]1 a reception1 or a railroad wreck4 ,seldom is x possible to f9d any "o p]son :o kn[s all ! facts j z ! newspap] wants !m1 & _m a /ory t is wor? b a /ickful 9 ! fir/ edition is ! result ( two h\rs' runn+ ab\t t[n1 half a doz5 telephone calls1 & a doz5 int]views4 ,t is ! way ! news is ga!r$1 & t is ! "p ( ! report]'s "w t he mu/ le>n by exp]i5ce4 ,b aft] all ! ga!r+ is f9i%$ & he has ! facts1 ! writ+ ( ! /ory rema9s4 ,if ! report] kn[s h[ to write ! facts :5 he has !m1 8 tr\bles are cut 9 half1 = n[adays a report] :o writes well is consid]$ a m valuable asset ?an "o :o _c write & simply has a nose = news4 #g4 ,news-,ga!r+ ,ag5cies4--,?is acc\nt ( news ga!r+ is ( c\rse told f ! po9t ( view ( ! report]4 ,naturally x assumes a diff]5t aspect 9 ! editor's eyes4 ,mu* ( ! day's news does n h to be ga!r$ at all4 ,a /eady /ream ( news fl[s 9 ready = use f ! great news-ga!r+ ag5cies1 ! ,associat$ ,press1 ! ,unit$ ,press1 ! ,city ,press1 etc41 & f correspond5ts4 ,_m /ories are m]ely summ>ies ( spee*es1 bullet9s1 ann\ncem5ts1 pamphlets & o!r pr9t$ matt] t comes to ! editorial (fice1 & _m /ories come already writt54 ,almo/ ev]ybody is look+ = publicity 9 ^! days & ! editor does n always h to hunt ! news ) an army ( f]rets4 ,cop]ation 9 news ga!r+ has simplifi$ ! :ole matt]4 ,b x all has to be writt5 & edit$4 ,t is :y great report]s are no long] prais$ = _! clev]ness 9 worm+ _! way to elusive facts1 b = _! ability to write a good /ory4 ,t is :y we no long] he> s mu* ab\t beats & scoops b m ab\t clean copy & lit]>y ma/]pieces4 #h4 ,h[ ! ,correspond5t ,works4--,! correspond5t ga!rs news v mu* z ! report] does1 b he does x )\t ! help ( a city editor4 ,he mu/ be 8 own director & keep 8 own book ( tips1 = he has no "o to make out 8 assignm5ts be=eh&4 ,he has to wat* = :at news he c get by himself & s5d x to 8 pap] ( 8 own accord1 except occasionally :5 8 pap] in/ructs him to cov] a p>ticul>ly l>ge /ory4 ,b he gets 8 tips & runs d[n 8 facts j z a report] does4 ,j z mu* al]tness & j z mu* ability to write are requir$ ( him4 ,! correspond5t's "w is made m difficult by :at is call$ news values4 ,di/ance affects ! importance ( ! facts t he secures & ! l5g? ( ! /ories he writes4 ,he mu/ weigh e ev5t = its int]e/ to read]s a hundr$ or a ?\s& miles away4 ,:at may be ( imm5se importance 9 8 community may h no int]e/ at all = read]s outside t community4 ,he mu/ see ev]y?+ ) ! eyes ( a /rang]1 & ?is mu/ influ5ce 8 :ole "w ( news ga!r+ & news writ+4 ,?is matt] w be tak5 up at great] l5g? 9 ! next *apt]4 #i4 ,correspond5t's ,relation to ,8 ,pap]4--,! relations ( a correspond5t to ! pap] or news association to :i* he is s5d+ news c be/ be le>n$ by exp]i5ce4 ,e pap] has diff]5t rules = its correspond5ts & diff]5t directions 9 reg>d to ! sort ( news x wants4 ,! rules reg>d+ ! mail+ ( copy & ! s5d+ ( /ories or qu]ies by telegraph are usually s5t out 9 pr9t$ =m by ea* individual pap] to its correspond5ts4 ,b :ile ga!r+ news & writ+ /ories = a di/ant pap]1 a correspond5t mu/ always reg>d himself z a report] & write 8 /ories 9 ! =m 9 :i* !y are to appe> 9 pr9t if he wi%es to rema9 correspond5t = any l5g? ( "t4 ,! foll[+ rules are tak5 f ! ,,in/ructions ,,to ,,correspond5ts s5t out on a pr9t$ c>d to ! correspond5ts ( ! ,/4 ,l\is ,/>3 ,,qu]y ,,by ,,wire ,,on ,,all ,,/ories y consid] are wor? telegraph+1 unless y are absolutely c]ta9 ,! ,/> wants y to s5d ! /ory )\t qu]y1 or 9 case ( a big /ory break+ sudd5ly ne> edition "t4 ,if y h n "t to qu]y1 get a reply & s5d su* matt] z might be ord]$ be=e ! next edition "t2 s5d ! /ory 9 ! %orte/ possible numb] ( words necess>y to tell x1 ask+ if additional matt] is desir$4 ,write y\r qu]ies s !y c be und]/ood4 ,nev] s5d a bl9d qu]y4 ,if ,john ,smi?1 a confirm$ ba*elor1 ^: age is #hj ye>s1 elopes ) & m>ries ! daught] ( ! woman :o jilt$ him :5 he 0 a y\?1 say s 9 z few words z possible1 b be sure to convey ! dramatic news wor? ( ! /ory 9 y\r qu]y4 ,d n say1 ,ba*elor elopes ) girl1 daught] ( woman he knew a long "t ago4 ,9 itself ! /ory :i* ?is qu]y tells might be wor? pr9t+1 b x w\ld n be half s good a /ory z ! elopem5t ( ,john ,smi?1 #hj1 ba*elor1 woman hat]1 ) ! daught] ( 8 old swee!>t4 ,:5 a good /ory breaks close to edition "t & ! circum/ances ju/ify x1 use ! long-di/ance telephone1 b fir/ be reasonably c]ta9 ,! ,/> w n get ! /ory f ano!r s\rce4 ,write y\r /ories briefly4 ,! ,/> desires to remun]ate its correspond5ts accord+ to ! wor? ( a /ory & n = s _m words4 ,"o good /ory ( #bjj words ) ! "r pun* 9 ! introduction is wor? a doz5 /rung ov] z _m doz5 pages ( copy pap] ) ! real /ory 9 ! la/ p>agraph ( ea*4 ,tell y\r /ory 9 simple1 e-day conv]sational words3 quit :5 y h f9i%$4 ,relegate ! details4 ,unless x is a case ( id5tification 9 a murd] my/]y1 or "s simil> big /ory1 no "o c>es ab\t ! color ( ! man's hair4 ,get ! pr9cipal facts 9 ! fir/ p>agraph--/op soon aft]4 ,s5d z mu* ( y\r /uff z possible by mail1 especially if y h ! /ory 9 ! late aft]noon & are ne> en\gh to ,/4 ,l\is to rea* ,! ,/> by #i o'clock ! next morn+4 ,if necess>y1 s5d ! lett] special deliv]y4 ,don't /op work+ on a good /ory :5 y h all ! facts2 if !re are photographs to be obta9$1 get ! photographs1 especially if ! pr9cipals 9 ! /ory are p]sons ( /&+1 & m especially if !y are wom54 ,correspond5ts w appreciably increase _! wor? to ,! ,/> & enhance _! e>n+ capacity by obs]v+ ^! rules4 ,,ii ,,news ,,values ,be=e any "o c hope to write = a newspap] he mu/ "k some?+ ab\t news values--some?+ ab\t ! ess5ce ( int]e/ t makes "o /ory wor? a column & cuts d[n ano!r1 ( equal importance f o!r po9ts ( view1 to a /ickful4 ,he mu/ recognize ! relative value ( facts s t he c di/+ui% ! significant "p ( 8 /ory & feature x accord+ly4 ,! "q is a delicate "o & yet a v reasonable & logical "o4 ,! ideal ( a newspap]1 accord+ to pres5t-day e?ics1 is to pr9t news4 ,! daily press is no long] a gold5 treasury ( contempor>y lit]ature1 n ev51 p]haps1 an expon5t ( political pr9ciples4 ,its prim>y purpose is to report contempor>y hi/ory--to keep u in=m$ conc]n+ ! ev5ts t are tak+ place ea* day 9 ! _w ab\t u4 ,to ?is idea is add$ ano!r4 ,a newspap] mu/ be int]e/+4 ,9 ^! days ( _m newspap]s few read]s are satisfi$ ) m]ely be+ in=m$2 !y want to be in=m$ 9 a way t int]e/s !m4 ,to ?is dem& e "o connect$ ) a newspap] (fice tries to cat]4 ,x is ! def5se ( ! s5sational yell[ j\rnals & x is ! reason = ev]y?+ 9 ! daily press4 ,!re is s mu* to read t p w n read ?+s t d n int]e/ !m1 & ! pap] t succe$s is ! pap] t int]e/s ! greate/ numb] ( read]s4 ,circulation _c be built up by pr9t+ un9t]e/+ /uff t ! majority ( read]s are n int]e/$ 91 & circulation is necess>y to success4 ,?is desire to int]e/ read]s is beh9d ! :ole "q ( news values4 ,news is prim>ily ! acc\nt ( ! late/ ev5ts1 b1 m ?an t1 x is ! acc\nt ( ! late/ ev5ts t int]e/ read]s :o are n connect$ ) ^! ev5ts4 ,fur!r ?an t1 x is ! acc\nt ( ! late/ ev5ts t int]e/ ! greate/ numb] ( read]s4 ,susie ,br[n may h spra9$ h] ankle4 ,! fact is absorb+ly int]e/+ to ,susie2 x is ev5 r int]e/+ to h] family & fri5ds1 ev5 to h] enemies4 ,if %e is well kn[n 9 ! little t[n 9 :i* %e lives h] accid5t may be int]e/+ en\gh to ! t[nspeople = ! local weekly to pr9t a complete acc\nt ( x4 ,h[ev]1 ! ev5t is int]e/+ only to p :o "k ,susie1 & aft] all !y d n comprise a v l>ge numb]4 ,h5ce h] accid5t has no news value outside ! local weekly4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _h ,susie spra9$ h] ankle 9 "s v peculi> mann]1 ! accid5t might be ( int]e/ to p :o d n "k ,susie4 ,suppose t %e _h tripp$ on h] g[n z %e 0 asc5d+ ! /eps ( ! alt> to be m>ri$4 ,su* an accid5t w\ld be v unusual1 almo/ unhe>d (4 ,p 9 g5]al are int]e/$ 9 unusual ?+s1 & _m1 _m read]s w\ld be int]e/$ 9 read+ ab\t ,susie's unusual accid5t al?\gh !y did n "k ,susie or ev5 ! t[n 9 :i* %e lives4 ,su* a /ory w\ld be ! report ( a late ev5t t w\ld int]e/ _m p2 h5ce x w\ld h a c]ta9 am\nt ( news value4 ,( c\rse1 ! read] loses sight ( ,susie 9 read+ ( h] accid5t--x might z well h be5 ,m>y ,jones--b t is because ,susie has no news value 9 h]self4 ,t is ano!r matt]4 #a4 ,classes ( ,read]s4--,realiz+ t 8 /ory mu/ be ( int]e/ to ! greate/ numb] ( p1 ! report] mu/ rememb] ! sort ( p = :om he is writ+4 ,t complicates ! :ole matt]4 ,if he 7 writ+ = a s+le class ( read]s he c\ld easily give !m ! news t w\ld int]e/ !m4 ,b he is n2 he is writ+ = _m classes ( p1 = all classes ( p4 ,& he mu/ int]e/ !m all4 ,he is writ+ = ! bus9ess man 9 8 (fice1 = ! wife 9 ! home1 = ! ignorant1 = ! highly educat$1 = ! ri* & ! poor1 = ! old & ! "y1 = doctors1 lawy]s1 bank]s1 labor]s1 m9i/]s1 & wom54 ,all ( !m buy 8 pap] to he> ! late/ news told 9 a way t int]e/s !m1 & he has to cat] to ea* & to all ( !m4 ,if he 7 simply writ+ = bus9ess m5 he w\ld give !m _m columns ( f9ancial news1 b t w\ld n int]e/ tir$ labor]s4 ,an ext5d$ acc\nt ( ! do+s ( a ,presbyt]ian conv5tion w\ld n attract ! great class ( m5 ) sport+ incl9ations1 & a /ory ( a v pretty exhibition ( sci5tific box+ w\ld n appeal to ! wife at home4 ,!y all buy ! pap]1 & !y all want to be int]e/$1 & ! pap] mu/1 !re=e1 pr9t /ories t int]e/ at lea/ ! majority ( !m4 ,t is ! "q ( news values4 ,! news mu/ be ! acc\nt ( ! late/ ev5ts t int]e/ ! greate/ numb] ( read]s ( all classes4 ,?is se>* = ! univ]sally-int]e/+ news is ! reason beh9d ! s5sational pap]s4 ,al?\gh ! int]e/s ( any individual diff] 9 almo/ e aspect f ! int]e/s ( 8 neighbor1 !re is "o sort ( news t int]e/s !m bo?1 t int]e/s e human be+4 ,t is ! news t appeals to ! emotions1 to ! he>t4 ,x is ! news t deals ) human life--human nature--human int]e/ news ! pap]s call x4 ,9 x e human be+ is int]e/$4 ,h[ev] trivial may be ! ev5t1 if x c be describ$ 9 a way t w make ! read] feel ! po9t ( view ( ! human be+s :o suff]$ or /ruggl$ or di$ or :o 7 made happy 9 ! ev5t1 e o!r human be+ w read x ) int]e/4 ,human sympa?y makes "o want to feel joy & pa9 f ! /&po9t ( o!rs4 ,naturally t sort ( news is always read2 naturally ! pap] t devotes itself to su* news is always read & is always successful z f> z circulation & pr(its g4 ,! pap]s t h t ideal ( news beh9d !m & =sake e o!r ideal = x are call$ s5sational pap]s4 ,:e!r !y are good or n is ano!r "q4 ,) ?is idea ( :at news values means & ! idea t news is wor? :ile only :5 x int]e/s ! l>ge/ numb] ( p ( all classes1 we may try to look = ! ?+s t make news int]e/+ to ! greate/ numb] ( p ( all classes4 ,! report] mu/ "k n only :at news is1 b :at makes x news4 ,he mu/ be able to see ! ?+s 9 a /ory t w int]e/ ! greate/ numb] ( p ( all classes4 ,^! are _m & intricate4 #b4 ,timel9ess4--,9 ! fir/ place1 news mu/ be new4 ,a /ory mu/ h timel9ess4 ,our read]s want to "k :at happ5$ to-day1 = ye/]day & la/ week are pa/ & gone4 ,!y want to be up to ! m9ute 9 _! in=mation on curr5t ev5ts4 ,!re=e a /ory t is wor? pr9t+ to-day w n be wor? pr9t+ to-morr[ or1 at mo/1 on ! day aft] to-morr[4 ,ev5ts mu/ be *ronicl$ j z soon z !y happ54 ,fur!rmore1 ! /ory itself mu/ %[ t x is new4 ,x mu/ tell ! read] at once t ! ev5t :i* x is *ronicl+ happ5$ to-day or la/ night--at lea/ s9ce ! la/ edition ( ! pap]4 ,t is :y ! report] mu/ nev] fail to put ! "t 9 ! introduction ( 8 /ory4 ,editors gr[ gray-head$ try+ to keep up ) ! swift pass+ ( ev5ts1 & !y are always v c>eful to tell _! read]s t ! ev5ts :i* !y are *ronicl+ are ! late/ ev5ts4 ,t is ! reason :y e editor hates ! ^w ye/]day & tries to get to-day or ?is morn+ into ! lead ( e /ory4 ,h5ce1 to ! newspap]1 ev]y?+ t happ5$ s9ce midnight la/ night is label$ ?is morn+1 & ev]y?+ t happ5$ s9ce six o'clock ye/]day aft]noon is label$ la/ night4 ,any?+ be=e t h\r mu/ be label$ ye/]day1 b x goes 9 z late ye/]day aft]noon1 if x possibly c4 ,h5ce ! fir/ pr9ciple ( news values is timel9ess--news is news only because x j happ5$ & c be spok5 ( z "o ( ! ev5ts ( to-day or ( late ye/]day4 #c4 ,di/ance4--,di/ance is ano!r factor 9 news values4 ,9 spite ( fa/ tra9s & electric telegraphs human be+s are clanni% & local 9 _! int]e/s4 ,!y are int]e/$ ma9ly 9 ?+s & p]sons t !y "k1 & news f outside _! k5 mu/ be ( unusual significance to attract !m4 ,!y l to read ab\t ?+s t !y h se5 & p]sons t !y "k1 because !y are sl[ to ex]t _! imag9ations en\gh to appreciate ?+s t !y d n "k p]sonally4 ,h5ce e newspap] is prim>ily local1 ev5 ?\gh x is a metropolitan daily1 & news f a di/ance plays a v subord9ate "p4 ,x has be5 said t ,new ,york pap]s _c see beyond ! ,alleghanies2 x is equally true t mo/ pap]s _c see m ?an a hundr$ miles f ! pr9t+ (fice1 except 9 ! case ( national news4 ,any newspap]'s range ( news s\rces goes out f ! editorial room 9 conc5tric circles4 ,purely p]sonal news mu/ come f )9 ! range ( ! pap]'s g5]al circulation1 because p d n c>e to read purely p]sonal news ab\t p]sons :om !y d n "k4 ,o!r news is limit$ ord9>ily to ! region ) :i* ! pap]'s read]s are p]sonally acqua9t$--! /ate1 p]haps--because subscrib]s unconsci\sly wi% to he> ab\t places ) :i* !y are p]sonally acqua9t$4 ,any news t comes f outside ?is l>g] circle mu/ be nation-wide or v unusual 9 its int]e/4 ,a /ory t may be wor? a column 9 ,el ,paso1 ,texas1 w\ld n be wor? pr9t+ 9 ,new ,york because ,el ,paso is h>dly m ?an a "n to mo/ ,new ,york newspap] read]s4 ,9 ! same way1 ! bigge/ /ories 9 ,new ,york are n wor? any?+ 9 ,texas1 because ,texas read]s are n p]sonally int]e/$ 9 ,new ,york--!y _c say1 ,yes1 ,i "k t build+2 ,i walk$ d[n t /reet ! o!r day2 oh1 y c't tell me any?+ ab\t ! subway4 ,news is prim>ily local1 & ! fir/ ?+ a correspond5t mu/ le>n is h[ to di/+ui% ! /ories t are purely local 9 _! int]e/ f ^? t w\ld be wor? pr9t+ a hundr$ miles away 9 a pap] read by p :o d n "k ! places or p]sons involv$ 9 ! /ory4 ,colonel ,smi? may be a v big frog 9 ! little puddle ( ,smi?'s ,corn]s1 & 8 do+s may be big news to ! weeklies all ov] 8 c\nty1 b he has to d some?+ v unusual be=e 8 "n is wor? a l9e 9 a pap] two c\nties away4 ,he is no?+ b a "n to p :o d n "k him or "k ( him1 & !re=e !y are n int]e/$ 9 him4 ,e correspond5t mu/ wat* = ! /ories t h some?+ m ?an a local int]e/1 "s elem5t ( news 9 !m t w c>ry !m ov] ! ob/acle ( di/ance & make !m int]e/+ to any read]4 ,x w\ld be impossible to analyze news values to ! ext5t ( tell+ e conceivable elem5t ( int]e/ t w ov]come ! ob/acle ( di/ance4 ,yet !re are c]ta9 elem5ts t always make a newspap] /ory int]e/+ to any "o4 #d4 ,loss ( life4--,"o ( ^! is ! loss ( human life4 ,= "s /range reason e human be+ is int]e/$ 9 ! ?\ght ( dea?4 ,j z soon z a /ory m5tions dea? x is wor? pr9t+1 & if x has a numb] ( dea?s to tell ab\t x is wor? pr9t+ any:]e4 ,any fire1 any railroad wreck1 or any o!r disa/] 9 :i* a numb] ( p]sons are kill$ or injur$ makes a /ory t is wor? s5d+ any:]e4 ,!re seems to be a joy = ! read] 9 ! m]e numb] ( fatalities4 ,a /ory t c beg9 ) ,t5 p 7 kill$1 or ,sev5 m5 met _! dea?1 attracts a read]'s int]e/ at once4 ,z a v natural result1 & ju/ly1 too1 newspap]s h be5 broadly accus$ ( exagg]ation = ! sake ( a l>ge numb]4 ,b at pres5t _m pap]s are incl9$ to und]e/imate r ?an ov]e/imate1 p]haps to avoid ?is accusation4 ,9 a numb] ( in/ances 9 ! pa/ ye>1 among !m ! ,%irtwai/ ,factory fire 9 ,new ,york1 ! fir/ figures 7 small] ?an ! (ficial c\nt pr9t$ lat]4 ,t does n mean1 h[ev]1 t newspap]s d n want /ories involv+ loss ( life4 ,any /ory :i* involves a l>ge numb] ( fatalities w c>ry a long di/ance1 if = no o!r reason4 #e4 ,big ,names4--,ano!r elem5t ( news values is ! int]e/ 9 prom95t p4 ,! m]e m5tion ( a man or a woman :o is kn[n widely attracts att5tion4 ,al?\gh ,colonel ,smi? ( ,smi?'s ,corn]s has to d some?+ v unusual to get 8 "n 9 any pap] outside 8 c\nty1 ! slighte/ ?+ t ,presid5t ,taft does is pr9t$ 9 e pap] 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x is simply because ( our int]e/ 9 ! man himself4 ,"s names give a /ory news value because ! names are widely kn[n politically or f9ancially1 "s names because !y are simply notori\s4 ,b any "n t is recogniz$ at once1 = any reason1 gives a /ory news value4 #f4 ,prop]ty ,loss4--,ak9 to man's love = any acc\nt t involves l>ge loss ( human life1 is 8 love ( any /ory t tells ab\t a huge loss ( prop]ty4 ,! m]e figures seem to h a *>m2 any /ory t c beg9 ) awesome figures1 l ,two million doll>s1 ,"o hundr$ automobiles1 ,t5 city blocks1 has news value4 ,h5ce any /ory t involves a l>ge loss t c be express$ 9 figures has ! p[] to c>ry a great di/ance4 #g4 ,unusualness4--,x is safe to say t newspap] read]s are int]e/$ 9 any?+ unusual4 ,x does n matt] :e!r x is a ?+1 a p]son1 an action1 a mis=tune2 s long z x is /range & out ( ! range ( ord9>y lives1 x is int]e/+4 ,_m1 if n mo/1 newspap] /ories h no?+ b ! elem5t ( /rang5ess 9 !m to give !m news value1 b if !y are suffici5tly /range & unusual !y may be copi$ all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,an unusual orig9 or an unusual rescue w give an unimportant fire great news value4 ,& s ) e o!r k9d ( /ory4 #h4 ,human ,int]e/4--,along ) ! elem5t ( ! /range & unusual1 goes ! human int]e/ elem5t4 ,any /ory t w make u laugh or make u cry has news value4 ,hundr$s ( magaz9es are issu$ mon?ly ) no?+ 9 !m b fictiti\s /ories t are int5d$ to ar\se our emotions1 & newspap]s are beg9n+ to realize t !y c int]e/ _! read]s 9 ! same way4 ,no life is s prosaic t x is n full ( incid5ts t make "o laugh or cry1 & :5 ^! /ories c be told 9 a way t w make any read] feel ! same emotions1 !y h news value t w c>ry !m a long di/ance4 ,obvi\sly _! success dep5ds v l>gely ^u ! way !y are told4 #i4 ,p]sonal ,appeal4--,ano!r elem5t t may give a /ory news value is t ( p]sonal appeal or application to ! read]'s own daily life4 ,m5 are prim>ily egoi/ic & selfi% & no?+ int]e/s !m m ?an ?+s t affect !m p]sonally4 ,!y c read complac5tly & )\t int]e/ ( ! mis=tunes & joys ( o!rs1 b j z soon z any?+ affects _! own daily lives1 ev5 a little1 !y want to he> ab\t x4 ,p]haps ! price ( butt] has gone up a few c5ts or ! gas company has r$uc$ its rates f eighty c5ts to sev5ty-sev54 ,e read] is int]e/$ at once1 = ! news affects 8 own daily life4 ,sometimes ?is p]sonal appeal is due m]ely to ! read]'s famili>ity ) ! p]sons or places m5tion$ 9 ! /ory2 sometimes x is due to ! /ory's application to 8 bus9ess life1 8 social or religi\s activities1 or to any phase ( 8 daily exi/5ce4 ,t is ! reason :y political news int]e/s e "o1 = we all feel t ! managem5t ( ! gov]nm5t has an influ5ce on our own lives4 ,! /ory ( any political maneuv]--especially if x is "o t may be look$ ^u z bad or good--c>ries f>!r ?an any o!r /ory4 ,%[ t y\r /ory tells ( some?+ t has ev5 ! slighte/ effect on ! lives ( a l>ge numb] ( p & x ne$s no o!r elem5t to give x news value4 #aj4 ,local ,reasons4--,^! factors & _m o!rs give news /ories a news value t w c>ry !m a long di/ance & make !m int]e/+ 9 communities f> f _! s\rce4 ,_m local reasons may enhance ! value ( a /ory = local pap]s4 ,a pap]'s policy or "s campaign t x is wag+ may give an o!rwise unimportant ev5t a trem5d\s significance4 ,if an unimportant p]son is slightly injur$ :ile leav+ a trolley c> ! /ory is h>dly wor? a l9e ( type4 ,b if su* an item %\ld come to a newspap] :ile x is c>ry+ on a campaign aga9/ ! local /reet railway company1 ! /ory w\ld probably be writt5 & pr9t$ 9 great detail4 ,any slight occurr5ce t may be 9 l9e ) a pap]'s political beliefs w\ld receive an am\nt ( space f> out ( proportion ) its ord9>y news wor?4 ,news value is a v *angeable & indef9ite ?+1 & !re are c\ntless reasons :y any giv5 /ory %\ld be ( int]e/ to a l>ge numb] ( read]s4 ,& ! possibility ( int]e/+ a l>ge numb] ( read]s is ! basis ( news value4 #aa4 ,! ,feature4--,9 connection ) ! /udy ( news values ! "q ( feature is important4 ,9 editorial (fices "o is con/antly he>+ ! ^w feature1 & report]s are con/antly admoni%$ to play up ! feature ( _! /ories4 ,feature is ! ^w t editors use to signify ! ess5ce ( news value4 ,e /ory t is pr9t$ is pr9t$ because ( "s fact 9 x t makes x int]e/+--gives x news value4 ,! elem5t 9 ! /ory t makes x int]e/+ & wor? pr9t+ is ! feature4 ,! feature may be "s prom95t "n1 a l>ge li/ ( fatalities1 a significant am\nt ( prop]ty de/roy$1 or m]ely ! unusualness ( ! incid5t4 ,?is feature is ! elem5t t makes ! /ory news2 !re=e x is us$ to attract att5tion to ! /ory4 ,e newspap] /ory displays l a plac>d 9 its headl9es ! reason :y x 0 pr9t$--! elem5t 9 x t makes x int]e/+4 ,play+ up ! feature is simply ! act ( br++ ?is feature to ! front s t x w attract att5tion to ! /ory4 ,j h[ ?is is done we %all see lat]4 ,b :51 z a report]1 y are look+ = a feature to play up 9 y\r lead1 rememb] t ! feature to be play$ up is ! ?+ 9 ! /ory t gives ! /ory news value4 ,& few /ories h m ?an "o claim to news value1 m ?an "o feature4 ,,iii ,,newspap] ,,t]ms ,! newspap] v]nacul> t is us$ 9 ! editorial & press rooms ( any daily pap] is a curi\s mixture ( lit]>y abbreviations & te*nical pr9t+ t]ms4 ,x is ! result ( ! /range m+l+ ( ! lit]>y trade ( writ+ ) ! me*anical trade ( sett+ type4 ,= t reason a gre5 report] has difficulty 9 und]/&+ ! in/ructions t he receives until he has be5 9 ! (fice long en\gh to le>n ! (fice slang4 ,x w\ld be impossible to li/ all ( ! expressions t might be he>d 9 "o day1 b a k ( ! commone/ words w enable a report] to get ! drift ( 8 editor's in/ructions4 ,:5 a "y man secures a position z report] = a newspap] he beg9s z a cub report] & is usually said to be on ! /aff ( 8 pap]4 ,8 sph]e ( activity is conf9$ to ! editorial room1 :]e ! news is writt52 8 relations ) ! bus9ess (fice1 :]e adv]tis+1 circulation1 & o!r bus9ess matt]s are h&l$1 consi/s ( ! weekly duty ( draw+ 8 pay4 ,8 *ief enemies are 9 ! pr9t+ (fice :]e 8 lit]>y ef=ts are set up 9 type & pr9t$4 ,8 sup]iors are call$ editors & exi/ 9 v>y+ numb]s1 dep5d+ ^u ! size ( 8 pap]4 ,! man :o directs ! report]s is usually call$ ! city editor1 or p]haps ! day or night city editor2 above him !re are manag+ editors & o!r p]sons 9 au?ority ) :om ! cub is n conc]n$2 & ! favor$ mortals :o enjoy a room by !mselves & write no?+ b editorials are call$ editors or editorial writ]s4 ,!re may also be a telegraph editor1 a sport+ editor1 a ,sunday editor1 & _m o!r editors2 or if ! pap] is small & poor all ( ^! editors may be cond5s$ into "o v busy man4 ,on a city daily ( av]age size !re are desk m51 or copyread]s1 :o "w "u editorial direction b feel sup]ior to ! report] because !y correct 8 lit]>y ef=ts4 ,! report]'s "w consi/s ( ga!r+ & writ+ news4 ,9 ! (fice ?is is call$ cov]+ & writ+ /ories4 ,he is ord9>ily put on a beat1 or run2 ?is is simply a daily r\te or r\nd ( news s\rces :i* he foll[s z regul>ly z a policeman walks 8 beat4 ,! report]'s "w on a special /ory outside 8 beat is call$ an assignm5t4 ,any h9t t he may receive conc]n+ a bit ( news is call$ a tip4 ,any bit ( news t he secures to ! exclusion ( 8 pap]'s rivals is call$ a beat1 or a scoop4 ,ev]y?+ t is writt5 = ! pap]1 :e!r x be a two-l9e p]sonal item or a two-column report1 is call$ a /ory1 or a y>n1 & f ! "t ! /ory is writt5 until x appe>s 9 ! pr9t$ pap] x is call$ copy4 ,if ! /ory is well writt5 & ne$s few corrections x is call$ clean copy4 ,aft] ! /ory is writt5 x is turn$ ov] to ! copyread] to be edit$4 ,! copyread] corrects x & writes ! headl9es or heads2 !n he s5ds x to ! compos+ room to be set 9 type by ! compositor4 ,! /ory itself is usually set up on a l9otype ma*9e & ! heads are set up by h&4 ,= ! sake ( keep+ ! two p>ts ( ! copy toge!r ! report] or ! copyread] ord9>ily gives ! /ory a "n1 su* z ,fire ,no4 #b2 ! bit ( lead on :i* ! "n is pr9t$ is call$ a slug & ! /ory is said to be slugg$4 ,if at any "t 9 its j\rney f ! report]'s p5cil to ! pr9t$ page1 ! editor decides n to pr9t ! /ory1 he kills x2 o!rwise he runs x1 or all[s x to g into ! pap]4 ,:5 ! /ory is 9 type1 an impression1 or pro(1 is tak5 ( x1 & ?is pro(1 /ill call$ copy1 comes back to ! copyread] or ! pro(read] = ! correction ( typographical errors4 ,! ga!r+ toge!r ( all ( ! day's /ories into ! =m ( ! f9al pr9t$ page is call$ mak+ up ! pap]2 ?is is usually done by "s "o ( ! editors4 ,9 l mann]1 ! f9i%$ aspect ( ! pap] is call$ ! make-up4 ,"s /ories are said to be big /ories because ( unusual news value4 ,:5 any news comes unexpect$ly x is said to break2 & :5 any /ory comes 9 be=eh& & mu/ be held ov]1 x is said to be releas$ on ! day on :i* x may be pr9t$4 ,! fir/ p>agraph ( any /ory is call$ ! lead 7pron\nc$ le$72 ! ^w lead is also us$ to designate sev]al introductory p>agraphs t are tack$ on at ! beg9n+ ( a long /ory1 :i* may be ( ! nature ( a runn+ /ory 7z ! runn+ /ory ( a football game71 or may be made up ( sev]al p>ts1 writt5 by "o or m report]s4 ,9 g5]al1 t "p ( a /ory :i* pres5ts ! gi/ or summ>y ( ! entire /ory at ! beg9n+ is call$ ! lead4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ ?+ 9 ! /ory1 ! "p t gives x news value1 is call$ ! feature1 & play+ up ! feature consi/s 9 tell+ ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+ 9 ! fir/ l9e ( ! lead or 9 ! headl9e4 ,an entire /ory is said to be play$ up if x is giv5 a prom95t place 9 ! pap]4 ,a feature /ory is ei!r a /ory t is ?us play$ up or a /ory t is writt5 = "s o!r reason ?an news value1 su* z human int]e/4 ,:5 a /ory is rewritt5 to give a new int]e/ to old facts x is call$ a rewrite /ory2 :5 x is rewritt5 to include new facts or developm5ts1 x is call$ a foll[-up1 second-day1 or foll[ /ory4 ,because ( ! close relation betwe5 ! editorial room & ! pr9t+ (fice _m pr9t+ t]ms are commonly he>d ab\t ! editorial room4 ,all copy is measur$ by ! column & by ! /ickful4 ,a column is usually a little less ?an #a1ejj words & a /ickful is ! am\nt ( type t c be set 9 a compositor's /ick1 ! metal frame us$ 9 sett+ type by h&--ab\t two in*es or #ajj words4 ,a bit ( copy t is set up ) a bord] or a r[ ( />s ab\t x is said to be box$4 ,:5ev] copy is set ) extra space betwe5 ! l9es x is said to be lead$ 7pron\nc$ l$$7--! "n is tak5 f ! piece ( lead t is plac$ betwe5 ! l9es ( type4 ,! report] mu/ gradually le>n ! names ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( type & ! v>i\s pro(read]'s signs t are us$ to indicate ! way 9 :i* ! type is to be set1 = ! :ole "w ( writ+ ! news is gov]n$ & limit$ by ! me*anical possibilities ( ! pr9t+ (fice4 ,! commone/ signs us$ by ! pro(read] or ! copyread]1 toge!r ) in/ructions = prep>+ copy1 are giv5 9 ! ,/yle ,book at ! end ( ?is volume4 7,a complete li/ ( pro(read]'s signs c be f\nd 9 ! back ( any l>ge diction>y47 ,/yle is a ^w :i* editors use to cov] a multitude ( rules1 arbitr>y or o!rwise1 conc]n+ capitalization1 punctuation1 abbreviation1 etc4 ,a pap] t uses _m capital lett]s is said to foll[ an up /yle1 & a pap] t uses small lett]s in/ead ( capitals :5ev] !re is a *oice is said to foll[ a d[n /yle4 ,e newspap] has its own /yle & usually pr9ts its rules 9 a ,/yle ,book2 ! ,/yle ,book giv5 9 ?is volume has be5 compil$ f _m repres5tative newspap] /yle books4 ,x sets =? an av]age /yle & ! beg9n] is advis$ to foll[ x closely 9 8 practice writ+--=1 z editors say1 uni=mity is bett] ?an a /rict foll[+ ( /yle4 ,,iv ,,! ,,news ,,/ory ,,=m ,:5 we come to ! writ+ ( ! news we f9d t !re are _m sorts ( /ories t mu/ be writt54 ,9 ! newspap] (fice !y are call$ simply /ories )\t di/9ction4 ,= ! purpose ( /udy !y may be classifi$ to "s ext5t1 b ?is classification mu/ n be tak5 z h>d & fa/4 ,! commone/ k9d ( /ory is ! simple news /ory4 ,practically all newspap] reports are news /ories1 b z di/+ui%$ f o!r k9ds ( reports ! simple news /ory is ! report ( "s late ev5t or occurr5ce4 ,x is usually conc]n$ ) unexpect$ news1 & is ! commone/ k9d ( /ory 9 any newspap]4 ,x is to be di/+ui%$ f reports ( spee*es1 int]view /ories1 c\rt reports1 social news1 dramatic news1 sport+ news1 human-int]e/ /ories1 & all ! re/4 ,! di/9ction is l>gely "o ( =m & does n exi/ to any great ext5t 9 a newspap] (fice :]e all /ories are simply /ories4 ,! simple news /ory is probably ! mo/ v>iable "p ( a newspap]4 ,giv5 ! same facts1 ea* individual report] w write ! /ory 9 8 individual way & ea* editor w *ange x to suit 8 individual ta/e4 ,no two newspap]s h exactly ! same ideal =m ( news /ory & no newspap] is able to live up to its individual ideal 9 ea* /ory4 ,b !re are g5]al t5d5cies4 ,c]ta9 ?+s are true ( all news /ories2 :e!r ! /ory be ! balde/ recital ( facts or ! mo/ s5sational featur+ ( an imag9>y ?rill 9 a commonplace happ5+1 c]ta9 *>act]i/ics are always pres5t4 ,& ^! *>act]i/ics c always be trac$ to "o cause--! ef=t to cat* & hold ! read]'s int]e/4 ,:5 a busy ,am]ican glances ov] 8 newspap] :ile he sips 8 breakfa/ c(fee or :ile he cl+s to a /rap on ! way to 8 (fice1 he reads only ! /ories t cat* 8 int]e/--& he reads d[n ! column 9 any "o /ory only s long z 8 int]e/ is ma9ta9$4 ,h5ce ! ideal news /ory is "o :i* w cat* ! read]'s att5tion by its beg9n+ & hold 8 int]e/ to ! v end4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple ( all newspap] writ+4 ,! int]e/ dep5ds1 9 a l>ge measure1 on ! way ! facts are pres5t$4 ,true1 c]ta9 facts are 9 !mselves m int]e/+ to a casual read] ?an o!rs1 b j z truly o!r less int]e/+ facts may be made z int]e/+ ?r\gh ! report]'s skill4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ ( /ories may lose its int]e/ if poorly pres5t$1 & facts ( ! mo/ commonplace nature may be made attractive en\gh to hold ! read] to ! la/ ^w4 ,! aim ( e report] & ( e editor is to make e /ory s attractive & int]e/+ t ! mo/ casual read] _c resi/ read+ x4 ,9 ! old days news /ories 7 writt5 9 ! logical ord] ( ev5ts j l any o!r n>rative1 b con/ant *ange has br\ght ab\t a new =m1 z diff]5t & individual z any o!r =m ( expression4 ,unlike any o!r imag9able piece ( writ+1 ! news /ory discloses its mo/ int]e/+ facts fir/4 ,x does n lead ! read] up to a />tl+ bit ( news by a tantaliz+ susp5se 9 an ef=t to build up a surprise = him2 x tells its mo/ ?rill+ cont5t fir/ & tru/s to 8 int]e/ to lead him on ?r\gh ! details t %\ld logically prec$e ! real news4 ,!re=e e editor admoni%es 8 report]s to give ! gi/ ( ! news fir/ & ! details lat]4 ,!re are o!r reasons = ?is peculi> rev]sal ( ! logical ord] ( n>rative4 ,few read]s h "t to read ! :ole ( e /ory1 & yet !y want to get ! news--9 ! %orte/ possible "t4 ,!re=e ! newspap] v k9dly tells ! important "p ( ea* /ory at ! beg9n+4 ,!n if ! read] c>es to he> ! details he c read ! re/ ( ! /ory2 b he gets ! news1 anyway4 ,aga91 if ! exig5cies ( mak+ up ! /ories into a pap] ( me*anically limit$ space require t a /ory be cut d[n1 ! editor may sla% (f a p>agraph or two at ! end )\t depriv+ ! /ory ( its int]e/4 ,imag9e ! difficulty ( cutt+ d[n a /ory t is told 9 its logical ord]6 ,if ! real news ( ! /ory 7 9 ! la/ p>agraph x w\ld g 9 ! sla%+1 & :at w\ld be left8 ,:]eas1 if ! gi/ ( ! /ory comes fir/ ! editor may run any numb] ( p>agraphs or ev5 ! fir/ p>agraph alone & /ill h a complete /ory4 ,! arrangem5t ( news /ories 9 ,am]ican newspap]s is ?us a v natural "o1 result+ f ! exig5cies ( ! bus9ess4 ,j h[ to fit e /ory to ?is arrangem5t is a difficult task4 ,h[ev]1 !re are c]ta9 rules t ! report] may apply to ea* /ory1 & ^! are v simple4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 almo/ e /ory has a feature--!re is "s "o ?+ 9 x t is out ( ! ord9>y1 some?+ t gives x int]e/ & news value beyond ! int]e/ 9 ! incid5t beh9d x4 ,no two /ories h ! same int]e/+ features2 if !y _h1 only "o ( !m w\ld be wor? pr9t+ & t w\ld be ! fir/4 ,?is extraord9>y feature ! report] mu/ see at once4 ,if a build+ burns he mu/ see quickly :at incid5t 9 ! occurr5ce w be ( int]e/ to read]s :o are read+ ( _m fires e day4 ,if ,john ,smi? falls (f a /reet c> ! report] mu/ discov] "s int]e/+ fact 9 connection ) ,mr4 ,smi?'s mis=tune t w be new & attractive to read]s :o d n "k ,john & are bor$ ) acc\nts ( o!r ,smi?s' accid5ts4 ,! accid5t itself may be int]e/+1 b ! "p ( ! accid5t t is out ( ! ord9>y--! ?+ t gives ! accid5t news value--is ! feature ( ! /ory1 & ! report] mu/ tell x fir/4 ,?or\ghly det]m9$ to tell ! mo/ int]e/+ "p1 ! gi/1 ( 8 /ory 9 ! fir/ p>agraph1 ! report] mu/ rememb] t !re are c]ta9 o!r ?+s ab\t ! incid5t t ! read] wants to "k j z quickly4 ,!re are c]ta9 que/ions :i* arise 9 ! read]'s m9d :5 ! occurr5ce is sugge/$1 & ^! que/ions mu/ be answ]$ z quickly z !y are ask$4 ,! que/ions usually take ! =m ( :58 :]e8 :at8 :o8 h[8 :y8 ,if a man falls (f ! /reet c> we are eag] to "k at once :o he 01 al?\gh we probably d n "k him1 anyway2 :]e x happ5$2 :5 x happ5$2 h[ he fell2 & :y he fell4 ,if !re is a fire we imm$iately ask :at burn$2 :]e x 02 :5 x burn$2 h[ x burn$2 & :at caus$ x to burn4 ,& ! report] mu/ answ] ^! que/ions ) ! same brea? t tells u t a man fell (f ! c> or t !re 0 any fire at all4 ,! ef=t to answ] ^! que/ions at once has l$ to ! peculi> =m ( introduction *>act]i/ic ( e newspap] /ory4 ,newspap] p call x ! lead4 ,x is really no?+ b ! /atem5t ( ! briefe/ possible answ]s to all ^! que/ions 9 "o s5t5ce or "o %ort p>agraph4 ,x tells ! :ole /ory 9 its balde/ aspects & aims to satisfy ! read] :o wants only ! gi/ ( ! /ory & does n c>e = ! details4 ,:5 all 8 que/ions h be5 answ]$ 9 "o brea? he is ready to read ! details "o at a "t1 b he won't be satisfi$ if he mu/ read all ab\t h[ ! fire 0 discov]$ be=e he is told :at build+ burn$1 :5 x burn$1 etc4 ,= example3 ,fire ( unkn[n orig9 caus$ ! practical de/ruction ( ! fam\s old ,cr['s ,ne/1 at ,t5? & ,c$> /reets1 p]haps ! be/ kn[n & olde/ l&m>k 9 ! ,second w>d1 ye/]day aft]noon4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 ,?is is ! lead ( an ord9>y news /ory--a newspap] report ( a fire4 ,! lead beg9s ) ,fire because ! /ory has no unusual feature--no elem5t 9 x t is m int]e/+ ?an ! fact t !re 0 a fire4 ,! report] consid]s ,fire ! mo/ important "p ( 8 /ory & beg9s ) x4 ,z soon z we read ! ^w ,fire we ask1 ,:58--,:]e8--,:at8--,:y8--,h[8 ,! report] answ]s u 9 ! same s5t5ce ) 8 ann\ncem5t1 ye/]day aft]noon--at ,t5? & ,c$> ,/reets--! fam\s old ',cr['s ,ne/1' p]haps ! be/ kn[n & olde/ l&m>k 9 ! ,second w>d--unkn[n orig94 ,h[ is n wor? answ]+1 9 ?is case1 beyond ! /atem5t t ! de/ruction 0 practically complete4 ,?us ! report] has told u 8 bit ( news & answ]$ our mo/ obvi\s que/ions ab\t x at ! v beg9n+ ( 8 /ory--9 "o s5t5ce4 ,accord+ to newspap] rules ?is is a good lead4 ,! ord] ( ! answ]s w be consid]$ lat]4 ,= ! pres5t we are conc]n$ only ) ! facts t ! lead mu/ conta94 ,v ,,! ,,simple ,,fire ,,/ory ,! simple/ news /ory is ! /ory :i* has no feature--:i* has no fact 9 x m important ?an ! incid5t :i* x reports--e4g41 ! fire at ! end ( ! la/ *apt]4 ,if we recall ! v>i\s elem5ts ( news value we note t any incid5t may be giv5 great] news value by ! pres5ce ( "s unusual or int]e/+ feature--a great loss ( life1 an unusual "t1 a /rik+ly l>ge loss ( prop]ty1 or simply a well-kn[n "n4 ,su* a /ory is call$ a /ory ) a feature1 because its int]e/ dep5ds n s mu* on ! incid5t itself z ^u ! unusual feature )9 ! incid5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m news /ories d n h features4 ,_m /ories are wor? pr9t+ simply because ( ! incid5t :i* !y report1 )\t any unusual feature )9 !m4 ,= example1 a build+ may burn ) no loss ( life1 no great loss ( prop]ty1 & no /rik+ occurr5ce 9 connection ) ! burn+4 ,su* a fire is wor? report+1 b !re is no fact 9 ! /ory m int]e/+ ?an ! fact t !re 0 a fire2 ! /ory has no feature4 ,! leads ( ^! two k9ds ( /ories are diff]5t4 ,:5 a /ory has a feature x is cu/om>y to play up t feature 9 ! fir/ l9e ( ! lead4 ,if ! /ory has no feature1 is simply ! record ( a commonplace ev5t1 ! lead m]ely ann\nces ! incid5t & answ]s ! read]'s que/ions ab\t x4 ,! commone/ ( featureless /ories is ! simple fire /ory 9 :i* no?+ out ( ! ord9>y happ5s1 no "o is kill$1 no /rik+ rescues take place1 & no trem5d\s am\nt ( prop]ty is de/roy$4 ,?is may be tak5 z typical ( all featureless /ories4 ,! report]1 9 writ+ a report ( su* a fire1 m]ely answ]s 9 ! lead ! que/ions :51 :]e1 :at1 :y1 & p]haps h[1 t ! read] asks conc]n+ ! fire4 ,! mo/ /rik+ "p ( ! /ory is t !re 0 a fire2 h5ce ! /ory beg9s ) ,fire4 ,= example3 ,fire today wreck$ ! top ( ! six-/ory w>eh\se at #cic to #cie ,wa%+ton /reet1 us$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates army z a m$ical supply /ore-room = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,ea/4 ,capt4 ,edw9 ,wolf1 :o is 9 *>ge ( ! w>eh\se1 says ! loss on t5ts1 blankets1 cots1 & o!r b$d+ /or$ on ! floors ( ! build+ 0 l>ge4--,new ,york ,mail4 ,z "o reads d[n ?r\gh ! re/ ( ! /ory he f9ds no?+ m /rik+ ?an ! fact t !re 0 a fire4 ,!re=e !re is no p>ticul> feature4 ,no "o 0 kill$2 no "o 0 injur$2 ! loss 0 n extraord9>y = a ,new ,york fire--no?+ 9 ! /ory is ( great] int]e/ ?an ! m]e fact t !re 0 a fire4 ,h5ce ! /ory beg9s ) ! ^w ,fire4 ,notice t x does n beg9 ,a fire or ,! fire--= ! simple reason t ! ^w fire does n ne$ an article be=e x4 ,! editor w also tell y t x is n consid]$ good to beg9 a /ory ) an article1 = ! beg9n+ is ! mo/ important "p ( a /ory & x is fooli% to wa/e t advantage\s place on unimportant words4 ,! fir/ ^w tells ! read] t !re has be5 a fire4 ,he imm$iately asks :]e8--:at burn$8--:58--h[ mu* 0 lo/8 ,& ! report] proce$s to answ] 8 que/ions 9 _! ord] ( importance4 ,! report] :o wrote ?is /ory app>5tly ?\ght t ! "t 0 ( greate/ importance & slipp$ x 9 at once--today4 ,he might j z well h left ! "t until ! end ( ! s5t5ce because x is n ( v great int]e/4 ,he consid]s ! "q ,:]e ( next importance1 & answ]s ) ! top ( ! six-/ory w>eh\se at #cic to #cie ,wa%+ton ,/reet4 ,! "q :at8 he answ]s ) a clause1 us$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates army z a m$ical supply /ore-room = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,ea/4 ,he does n try to answ] ! "q :y8 because1 z ! re/ ( ! /ory tells u1 no "o knew exactly :at caus$ ! fire4 ,& z = ! ,h[8 !re is no?+ extraord9>y 9 ! way t x burn$ beyond ! fact t x burn$4 ,?us1 9 "o s5t5ce1 he has answ]$ all f\r que/ions ab\t ! fire1 except a little qu]y conc]n+ ! am\nt ( ! loss4 ,t he consid]s wor? a sep>ate s5t5ce ( details4 ,?is is n a p]fect lead4 ,_m editors w\ld consid] x faulty1 b x illu/rates "o way ( writ+ ! lead ( a featureless fire /ory4 ,obvi\sly !re are faults2 = in/ance1 ! "t is giv5 an undue am\nt ( emphasis & ! cause is omitt$4 ,suppose t we con/ruct ano!r lead f ! same /ory--a lead :i* w\ld be m 9 accordance ) ! logic ( newspap] writ+4 ,we %all beg9 ) ! ^w fire1 b aft] x we %all slip 9 a little m5tion ( ! cause s9ce to ! read] n directly acqua9t$ ) ! prop]ty t po9t is always ( ! greate/ importance4 ,!n we %all tell :]e ! fire 0 & aft] t :at 0 burn$4 ,& la/ ( all we %all give ! "t s9ce t is ( lea/ importance to ! av]age read]4 ,?is w\ld be ! result3 ,fire ( unkn[n orig9 wreck$ ! top ( ! six-/ory w>eh\se at #cic-cie ,wa%+ton /reet1 us$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates army z a m$ical supply /ore-room = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,ea/1 de/roy+ a l>ge numb] ( t5ts1 blankets1 cots1 & o!r b$d+1 today4 ,we might z well h put ! :at be=e ! :]e or alt]$ ! lead 9 any o!r way4 ,b we w\ld always beg9 ) ! ^w fire & answ] all ! que/ions t ! read] might ask--9 "o %ort simple s5t5ce4 ,?is con/itutes our lead4 ,we h told ! casual read] :at he wants to "k ab\t ! fire4 ,we give him m details ab\t ! fire if he wants to read !m1 b aft] we h /at$ ! case cle>ly 9 ! lead we no long] reckon 8 "t s c>efully & all[ ourselves "s latitude 9 ! tell+4 ,aft] ! lead we beg9 ! /ory f ! beg9n+ & tell x 9 its logical ord] f />t to f9i%1 always be>+ 9 m9d t ! editor may *op (f a p>agraph or two at ! end4 ,h5ce ! second p>agraph ( ! /ory z x appe>$ 9 ,! ,mail beg9s3 ,john ,smi?1 a man employ$ 9 ! /ock-room on ! six? floor1 saw smoke roll+ out ( "o corn] & notifi$ o!r employees 9 ! build+1 :ile ,patrolman ,hogan turn$ 9 an al>m4 ,we are back at ! beg9n+ n[ & tell+ ?+s z !y came4 ,! next p>agraph ( ! /ory tells u h[ !y f\ght ! fire1 & ! ?ird tells u h[ !y f9ally br\ght x "u control4 ,! la/ p>agraph ( ! /ory reads3 ,!re are ?ree su* w>eh\ses 9 ! c\ntry1 "o at ,/4 ,l\is1 ano!r at ,san ,francisco1 b ! "o 9 ?is city is by f> ! l>ge/4 ,9 x are kept supplies = ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ! ,ea/1 ,gulf1 ,cuba1 ,porto ,rico1 & ! ,philipp9es4 ,! editor ( ,! ,mail _h pl5ty ( space t day & saw fit to run ?is la/ p>agraph1 b we %\ld n h lo/ mu* _h he *opp$ x (f4 ,p]haps ! report]'s copy conta9$ /ill ano!r p>agraph tell+ ab\t ,capta9 ,wolf1 b t did n pass ! editorial p5cil4 ,ev5 m ( ! /ory might h be5 sla%$ )\t depriv+ u ( mu* ( ! int]e/+ news4 ,judg+ f ! above /ory a newspap] acc\nt is divid$ into two sep>ate & indep5d5t p>ts3 ! lead & ! detail$ acc\nt4 ,! lead is writt5 = ! casual read] & conta9s all ! necess>y facts ab\t ! fire2 x may /& alone & con/itute a /ory 9 itself4 ,! detail$ acc\nt is writt5 = ! read] :o wants to he> m ab\t ! incid5t1 & is writt5 9 ! logical ord] ( ev5ts--) an eye to ! dang] ( ! editor's p5cil ?reat5+ ! la/ p>agraphs4 ,9 o!r words1 ! report] tells 8 /ory briefly 9 "o p>agraph & !n goes back & tells x all ov] aga9 9 a m detail$ way4 ,if ! /ory is ( suffici5t importance ! second tell+ may n be suffici5t & he may g back a ?ird "t to ! beg9n+ & tell x aga9 ) /ill great] detail--b t is ano!r matt]4 ,= ! pres5t we %all consid] only ! lead & ! fir/ detail$ acc\nt4 ,!re are c]ta9 o!r po9ts to be notic$ 9 ! report ( a featureless fire4 ,"u no condition %\ld x beg9 ) ! "t4 ,:y8 ,because1 unless ! "t is ( extreme int]e/1 no "o c>es p>ticul>ly :5 ! fire occurr$4 ,& if ! "t is ( great int]e/--z1 = in/ance1 if a *ur* %\ld burn :ile ! congregation is 9 x--!n ! "t becomes a feature to be play$ up & ! /ory is no long] a featureless /ory4 ,we are n[ consid]+ /ories 9 :i* no?+ is ( great] int]e/ ?an ! m]e fact t !re 0 a fire4 ,! same is true ( ! location4 ,:o c>es :at /reet ! fire 0 on until he kn[s m ab\t ! fire8 ,if ! location 7 ( su* significant importance z to be play$ up1 ! /ory w\ld no long] be a featureless /ory4 ,! p>agraph+ is also important4 ,s9ce ! lead is 9 itself a sep>ate "p ( ! /ory x %\ld always be p>agraph$ sep>ately4 ,d n let ! beg9n+ ( ! detail$ acc\nt lap ov] into ! lead1 & d n introduce into ! fir/ p>agraph any facts :i* are n absolutely a "p ( ! lead--t is1 facts t are absolutely ess5tial to a g5]al k ( ! fire4 ,:5 once y beg9 to tell ! /ory 9 detail tell x logically & p>agraph x logically4 ,d n tell u t ,john ,smi? discov]$ ! fire & t ! loss is #ejj 9 ! same p>agraph4 ,take up ea* po9t sep>ately & treat x fully be=e y leave x--!n beg9 a new p>agraph = ! next item4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to take a hypo!tical case1 suppose t mis=tune visits ! home ( ,john ,h4 ,jones1 :o lives at #gi ,lib]ty ,/reet4 ,a defective flue sets 8 h\se on fire & x burns to ! gr\nd4 ,by inquiry we f9d t ! h\se is wor? ab\t #d1jjj & is fully insur$4 ,!re is no?+ p>ticul>ly /rik+ ab\t ! /ory4 ,we are sorry = ,mr4 ,jones1 b _m h\ses wor? #d1jjj are set on fire by poor *imneys & _m m h\ses burn d[n4 ,no "o 0 hurt1 no "o 0 kill$2 ! mo/ /rik+ "p ( x all is t !re 0 a fire4 ,we w\ld beg9 ) ! ^w ,fire4 ,p]haps our read]s w\ld be mo/ int]e/$ 9 ! cause ( ! fire & we %all tell !m t fir/4 ,!n we %all tell !m :at burn$1 :5 x burn$1 & :]e x /ood4 ,!re is no?+ else t a casual read] w\ld want to "k & ! lead w\ld read3 ,fire />t+ 9 a defective *imney de/roy$ ! resid5ce ( ,john ,h4 ,jones1 #gi ,lib]ty /reet1 at midnight la/ night1 caus+ a loss ( #d1jjj1 cov]$ by insurance4 ,our casual read] is satisfi$4 ,= ! read] :o wi%es to "k m ab\t ! fire we add a p>agraph or two ( detail4 ,fir/1 we may tell him :o discov]$ ! fire2 !n h[ ! ,jones family manag$ to escape2 & aft] t h[ ! fire 0 ext+ui%$1 & we might slip 9 a p>agraph expla9+ j :at tr\ble 9 ! *imney made a fire possible4 ,! editor may *op (f any numb] ( p>agraphs or cut ! /ory d[n to ! lead1 & yet our read]s w get ! facts & "k j exactly :at 0 ! reason = ! fire bell & ! r$ sky at midnight la/ night4 ,,vi ,,! ,,feature ,,fire ,,/ory ,a fire /ory )\t a feature beg9s ) ,fire because !re is no?+ 9 ! /ory m int]e/+ ?an ! fact t !re has be5 a fire4 ,su* 0 ! case 9 ! burn+ ( ,john ,jones's h\se 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,b j z soon z any "p ( ! /ory becomes m int]e/+ ?an ! fact t !re 0 a fire1 ! /ory is no long] featureless--x is a fire /ory ) a feature1 or1 = ! purposes ( our /udy1 a feature fire /ory4 ,?is feature may be relat$ to ! /ory 9 "o ( two ways4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! answ] to "s "o ( ! read]'s que/ions may be ! feature--e4g41 ! answ] to :51 :]e1 :at1 h[1 :y1 :o4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! feature may be 9 "s unexpect$ att5dant circum/ance t ! read] w\ld n ?9k (2 = in/ance1 loss ( life1 an int]e/+ rescue1 or some?+ ( t sort4 ,su* a di/9ction is entirely arbitr>y & w\ld n be consid]$ 9 a newspap] (fice1 b x w make ! matt] simpl] = ! purposes ( /udy4 ,a4 ,,features ,,9 ,,answ]s ,,to ,,read]',s ,,cu/om>y ,,que/ions 7,:51 ,:]e1 ,:at1 ,h[1 ,:y1 ,:o74 ,suppose t ,john ,jones's h\se did n burn 9 ! usual way--suppose t !re is "s /rik+ incid5t 9 ! /ory t makes x diff]5t f o!r fire /ories4 ,! /ory has a feature4 ,p]haps ! answ] to "s "o ( ! read]'s cu/om>y que/ions is m int]e/+ ?an ! answ]s to ! o!rs--s mu* m int]e/+ t x sup]s$es ev5 ! fact t !re 0 a fire4 ,!n x w\ld be fooli% to beg9 ) ! m]e ^w fire :5 we h some?+ m int]e/+ to tell4 ,! fire takes a second place & we beg9 ) ! int]e/+ fact t sup]s$es x4 ,= ! pres5t we %all consid] t ?is int]e/+ fact is ! answ] to "o ( ! que/ions t ! read] always asks2 = in/ance1 :y ! h\se burn$ or :5 x burn$4 #a4 ,:y4--,p]haps ,mr4 ,jones's h\se 0 set on fire 9 a v unusual way4 ,!re 0 a little p>ty 9 session at ! ,jones's & "s "o decid$ to take a fla%-light picture4 ,! fla%-light set fire to a lace curta9 & be=e any "o c\ld /op x ! h\se 0 afire4 ,few fires beg9 9 t way1 & our read]s w\ld be v int]e/$ 9 he>+ ab\t x4 ,! /ory has a feature 9 ! answ] to ! read]'s ,:y8 ,& s we w\ld beg9 our lead 9 ?is way3 ,a fla%light sett+ fire to a lace curta9 />t$ a fire :i* de/roy$ ! resid5ce ( ,john ,h4 ,jones1 #gi ,lib]ty /reet1 at #aa o'clock la/ night & caus$ a loss ( #d1jjj4 ,9 ?is way ! feature is play$ up at ! beg9n+ ( ! s5t5ce1 & yet ! re/ ( ! read]'s que/ions are answ]$ 9 ! same s5t5ce & he kn[s a great deal ab\t ! fire4 ,or1 leav+ ,mr4 ,jones to 8 fate1 we may give ano!r example ( an unusual cause tak5 f a newspap]4 ,?is 0 a big fire1 & yet ! unusual cause 0 ( great] int]e/ ?an ! fire itself or ! am\nt ( prop]ty de/roy$3 ,a t9y joss /ick1 ! light$ end ( :i* 0 no l>g] ?an a p9head1 is ?\ght to h be5 responsible = a fire t de/roy$ ! ,:ite ,city ,amusem5t ,p>k at ,broad ,ripple la/ night4 ,! loss to ! amusem5t company is #afa1jjj4--;,indianapolis ,news4 #b4 ,:]e4--,to return to ,mr4 ,jones1 !re may h be5 "s o!r incid5t 9 ! burn+ ( 8 h\se aside f ! cause t 0 ( exceptional int]e/4 ,let u say t 8 h\se /ood 9 a "p ( ! t[n :]e a fire 0 to be fe>$4 ,p]haps x /ood )9 tw5ty feet ( ! new ,fir/ ,congregational ,*ur*4 ,! burn+ ( ,jones's h\se w\ld !n be insignificant 9 comp>ison to ! dang] to ! co/ly edifice beside x1 & our read]s w\ld be m int]e/$ 9 an item conc]n+ _! *ur*4 ,! answ] to ,:]e8 is m int]e/+ ?an ! fire itself4 ,h5ce we w\ld bury1 s to speak1 ,mr4 ,jones's mis=tune beh9d ! great] dang]1 & ! /ory w\ld read3 ,fire endang]$ ! new ,fir/ ,congregational ,*ur* on ,lib]ty /reet1 erect$ at a co/ ( #ajj1jjj1 :5 ! home ( ,j4 ,h4 ,jones1 9 ! re> ( ! *ur*1 0 de/roy$ at midnight la/ night4 ,or3 ,! ,fir/ ,congregational ,*ur*1 rec5tly built at a co/ ( #ajj1jjj1 0 s]i\sly ?reat5$ by a fire :i* de/roy$ ! resid5ce ( ,john ,h4 ,jones1 #gh ,lib]ty /reet1 )9 tw5ty feet ( ! *ur*1 at midnight la/ night4 ,turn+ aga9 to ! daily pap]s1 we c f9d _m fire /ories 9 :i* ! location ( ! burn$ /ructure is important en\gh to take ! fir/ l9e ( ! lead4 ,"h is "o3 ,! ,plaza ,hotel _h a few uncom=table mom5ts la/ night :5 flames f a build+ adjo9+ at #bb ,we/ ,fifty-n9? /reet 7 %oot+ up z high z ! t5? /ory ( ! hotel & ! fire app>atus :i* respond$ to ! delay$ al>m 0 look+ = ! blaze sev]al blocks away4--,new ,york ,sun4 #c4 ,:54--,sometimes ! "t ( ! fire is v int]e/+4 ,john ,h4 ,jones's h\se may h caught fire f a v insignificant ?+ & its location may h be5 unimportant1 b ! fire may h come at an unusual "t4 ,p]haps ,mr4 ,jones's daught] 0 be+ m>ri$ at a quiet home w$d+ 9 h] fa!r's h\se & 9 ! mid/ ( ! c]emony ! ro( ( ! h\se bur/ into flames4 ,! unusual "t w\ld be int]e/+2 ! answ] to ,:58 w\ld be ! feature4 ,we might write ! lead ?us3 ,dur+ ! w$d+ ( ,miss ,m>y ,jones at ! home ( h] fa!r1 ,john ,h4 ,jones1 #gh ,lib]ty /reet1 la/ night1 ! h\se sudd5ly bur/ into flames & ! bridal p>ty 0 compell$ to flee into ! /reet4 ,or3 ,fire int]rupt$ ! w$d+ ( ,miss ,m>y ,jones at h] fa!r's home1 #gh ,lib]ty /reet1 la/ night1 :5 ! h\se caught fire f a defective *imney dur+ ! c]emony4 ,! daily pap]s furni% _m illu/rations ( fires at unusual times--"h is "o3 ,:5 ! sn[/orm 0 at its height e>ly ?is morn+1 a ?ree-/ory brick build+ at ,nos4 #ddaj-ah ,?ird ,av5ue1 ,brooklyn1 caught fire1 & ! flames spread rapidly to an adjo9+ t5em5t1 s5d+ a small cr[d ( %iv]+ t5ants into ! icy /reet4--,new ,york ,po/4 #d4 ,:at4--7a7 ,! ,burn$ ,build+4--,_m fire /ories h _! feature 9 ! answ] to ! read]'s ,:at8 ,n infrequ5tly ! build+ itself is ( great importance4 ,naturally ,! resid5ce ( ,john ,h4 ,jones w\ld n make a good beg9n+1 if ,john ,jones is n well kn[n1 because p w\ld be m int]e/$ 9 read+ ab\t a m]e fire ?an 9 read+ ab\t ! resid5ce ( ,john ,h4 ,jones1 :om !y d n "k4 ,= x mu/ be rememb]$ t x is ! fir/ l9e t cat*es ! read]'s eye & ! int]e/ or lack ( int]e/ 9 ! fir/ l9e det]m9es :e!r or n ! /ory is to be read4 ,n[1 suppose t a build+ t is v well kn[n burns--! ,city ,hall1 ! ,albany ,/ate ,h\se1 ! ,h]ald ,squ>e ,!at]--! m]e m5tion ( ! build+ w attract ! read]'s att5tion4 ,!re=e ! report] beg9s ) ! answ] to ,:at8 ! "n ( ! build+1 z 9 ! foll[+ cases3 ,,gl5s ,,falls1 ,n4 ,y41 ,aug4 #ag4--,! ,kaatskill ,h\se1 = _m ye>s a popul> ,lake ,george resort1 0 completely de/roy$ by fire ?is =5oon4--,new ,york ,times4 ,! ,fir/ ,m4 ,e4 ,*ur* ( ,*elsea1 famili>ly kn[n z ! ,c>y av5ue *ur*1 0 damag$ la/ night to ! am\nt ( #g1jjj by fire4--,bo/on ,h]ald4 7b7 ,! ,am\nt ( ,prop]ty ,de/roy$4--,! answ] to ,:at burn$8 is n necess>ily a build+1 = ! build+ itself may n be wor? featur+4 ,! cont5ts ( ! build+ may be m int]e/+1 especially if ! am\nt ( prop]ty de/roy$ c be put 9 /rik+ t]ms1 su* z #b1jjj1jjj wor? ( prop]ty1 or two ?\s& *ick5s1 or fifty-?ree automobiles1 or #g1jjj gallons ( :isky4 ,^! figures pr9t$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ p>agraph cat* ! read]'s eye1 ?us3 ,five automobiles1 valu$ at #e1hjj1 & prop]ty am\nt+ to #f1bjj 7 de/roy$ la/ ev5+ :5 fire broke 9 ! repair %op ( ! ,g4 ,w4 ,br[ne ,motor company1 #bbh-bcb ,wiscons9 /reet1 ne> ! ,nor?-,we/]n /ation4--,milwaukee ,s5t9el4 #e4 ,h[4--,v r>ely ! mann] 9 :i* a fire burns is q unique & des]ves featur+4 ,x is inconceivable t ,john ,jones's h\se c\ld burn 9 any v unusual way--) _m explosions1 ) a gl>e ( flames t ar\s$ ! :ole city1 ) va/ cl\ds ( oily smoke--b "s fires d burn 9 "s su* a way & are int]e/+ only = ! way !y burn$4 ,! foll[+ /ory beg9s ) ! answ] to ,h[8 al?\gh ! mann] might be describ$ m explicitly3 ,/ubborn fires h be5 f\ght 9 ! pa/1 b "o ( ! h>de/ blazes to conqu] t ! local dep>tm5t ev] cont5d$ ) gutt$ ! plant ( ,n4 ,druck] ,co41 manufactur]s ( trunks & valises1 at ! nor?we/ corn] ( ,n9? & ,broadway1 la/ night4--,c9c9nati ,comm]cial ,tribune4 #f4 ,:o4--,j z x w\ld be fooli% to beg9 ) ! resid5ce ( ,john ,jones1 s9ce ! build+ is n well kn[n1 x w\ld n be advisable to beg9 ) ,john ,jones's "n1 no matt] :at "p he play$4 ,john ,jones is n well kn[n & s to ! newspap] he is j a man & is treat$ imp]sonally reg>dless ( :at he does or :at happ5s to him4 ,our int]e/ 9 him is entirely imp]sonal1 & all we want to "k ab\t him is :at he has done or :at has happ5$ to him4 ,!re=e few report]s w\ld beg9 a /ory ) ,john ,jones's "n4 ,h[ev]1 let "s man :o is well kn[n d or suff] ! slighte/ ?+ & 8 "n imm$iately l5ds int]e/ to ! /ory--& !re=e comm&s fir/ place 9 ! introduction4 ,if ,john ,d4 ,rockefell] %\ld ev5 witness a fire1 or if ,presid5t ,taft %\ld be 9 ! slighte/ way connect$ ) a fire1 ! m]e fire /ory w\ld %r9k into significance beh9d ! "n4 ,& s1 v (t5 x is advisable to beg9 a fire /ory ) a "n1 if ! "n is ( suffici5t prom95ce4 ,x is n necess>y t ! well-kn[n man's prop]ty be de/roy$ or ev5 endang]$ = 8 "n to h ! fir/ place 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ! lead2 if ! well-kn[n man has any?+ :atev] to d ) ! fire 8 "n %\ld be featur$ because to ! av]age read] ! int]e/ 9 8 "n ov]%ad[s any int]e/ 9 ! fire4 ,9 ?is example1 ! "n ov]%ad[s a /rik+ loss ( prop]ty & ! /ory beg9s ) ! answ] to ,:o8 ,,new ,,york1 ,nov4 #f4--,:ile ,cl5d59 ,j4 ,ryan1 son ( ,?omas ,f4 ,ryan1 ! traction magnate1 & a b& ( volunte] fire fight]s--_m ( !m millionaires--f\ght a blaze :i* />t$ 9 ! g>age ( "y ,ryan's c\ntry e/ate ne> ,suff]n1 ,n4 ,y41 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ?ree valuable automobiles1 sev5 ?or\ghbr$ horses & sev]al outbuild+s 7 totally de/roy$4--,milwaukee ,s5t9el4 ,x w be se5 t 9 ea* ( ! above feature fire /ories "s incid5t 9 ! fire1 or connect$ ) ! fire1 ov]%ad[s ! m]e fact t !re 0 a fire & makes x advisable to beg9 ! /ory ( ! fire ) ! fact or incid5t ( unusual int]e/4 ,fur!rmore1 9 ea* ( ^! /ories ! unusual feature 9 ! /ory is a direct answ] to "o ( ! read]'s que/ions--:58 :]e8 h[8 :at8 :y8 :o8 ,9 o!r words1 ! report] 9 answ]+ ^! que/ions1 z he mu/ 9 ! lead ( e /ory1 f9ds ! answ] to "o "q s mu* m int]e/+ ?an ! answ] to any ( ! o!r que/ions t he puts x fir/4 ,9 e fire /ory1 h[ev]1 ! feature is n s easily discov]$4 ,b4 ,,features ,,9 ,,unexpect$ ,,att5dant ,,circum/ances ,!re are o!r ?+s 9 ! day's fire /ories1 besides ! answ]s to ! read]'s que/ions1 t may ov]%ad[ ! re/ ( ! /ory & des]ve to be featur$4 ,v (t5 !re are unexpect$ att5dant circum/ances occurr+ simultane\sly ) ! fire or result+ f ! fire to comm& our int]e/4 ,p]haps a numb] ( p are kill$ or injur$2 !n we want to "k ab\t !m fir/1 & ! report] neglects to answ] our que/ions = ! mom5t :ile he tells u ! />tl+ att5dant circum/ances t we _h n expect$4 ,ev5 s1 :ile giv+ fir/ place to ! feature1 he does n =get our que/ions b answ]s !m 9 ! same s5t5ce4 ,h5ce ! introduction ( a fire /ory ) significant att5dant circum/ances beg9s ) ! />tl+ fact result+ f ! fire & !n goes on to answ] ! read]'s que/ions--9 ! same s5t5ce4 ,?is is n s difficult z x may s\nd4 ,suppose t :5 ,john ,jones's h\se burns !re is a /iff breeze bl[+ & ! *ances are t all ! o!r h\ses 9 ! block w g ) x4 ,all ( 8 neighbors become fright5$ & "w ) fev]i% ha/e to move _! h\sehold goods out into ! /reet4 ,9 ! end ! fire dep>tm5t succe$s 9 conf9+ ! fire to ,mr4 ,jones's h\se & 8 neighbors promptly c>ry _! *attels back indoors ?ank+ ! god ( good luck4 ,n[ ! m]e fact t ,john ,jones's h\se burn$ d[n is r insignificant beside ! fact t a doz5 families 7 driv5 f _! homes by ! fire4 ,!re=e ! report] w\ld beg9 ?us3 ,twelve families 7 driv5 f _! homes by a fire :i* de/roy$ ! resid5ce ( ,john ,h4 ,jones1 #gh ,lib]ty /reet1 at #aa o'clock la/ night4 ,! fire 0 at l5g? kept f spread+ & ! neighbor+ resid5ces 7 reoccupi$4 ,or to take an incid5t f ! daily press 9 :i* ! neighbors 7 n s =tunate2 al?\gh !y might h entirely lo/ _! homes3 ,tw5ty-two families 9 ! six-/ory t5em5t at #adg ,or*>d /reet 7 r\t$ out ( ! h\se twice e>ly today by fires :i* caus$ a great deal ( smoke1 b little real damage4--,new ,york ,mail4 #a4 ,dea?4--7a7 ,numb] ( ,dead4--,! mo/ usual att5dant circum/ances t w come to our notice is dea? 9 ! fire4 ,let u say t ,mr4 ,jones's ?ree *ildr5 7 alone 9 ! h\se & burn$ to dea?4 ,_! dea? w\ld be ( m int]e/ to u ?an ! burn+ ( _! fa!r's h\se--& our /ory w\ld necess>ily beg9 9 ?is way3 ,?ree *ildr5 7 burn$ to dea? 9 a fire :i* de/roy$ ! home ( _! fa!r1 ,john ,h4 ,jones1 #gh ,lib]ty /reet1 la/ night4 ,s common is dea? 9 connection ) fire t almo/ e day's pap] conta9s "o or m /ories beg9n+ ,t5 p]sons 7 cremat$---- or ,f\r firem5 7 kill$---- ,& 9 e case ! loss ( human life is consid]$ ( great] importance ?an any o!r incid5t 9 ! /ory1 & ! numb] ( dead always takes prec$5ce ov] _m ano!r />tl+ feature4 ,"h are a few examples3 ,,john/[n1 ,pa41 ,jan4 #ah4--,sev5 m5 7 cremat$ 9 a fire t burn$ to ! gr\nd ?ree d\ble h\ses ne> ,b]l91 ,som]set ,c\nty1 e>ly ?is morn+4--,new ,york ,sun4 ,?ree *ildr5 ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,b]n>d ,l9db]g1 #ccbh ,n9ete5? av5ue s\?1 7 cremat$ 9 a fire :i* de/roy$ _! home %ortly aft] #ab o'clock ye/]day4 ,! *ildr5 _h be5 left alone 9 ! h\se1 %ut up 9 _! b$room1 etc4--,/4 ,paul ,pione] ,press4 ,"o fireman 0 kill$1 ano!r fireman & a woman 7 injur$ & eight p escap$ dea? by a n>r[ m>g9 ,saturday night 9 a fire :i* de/roy$ !1 etc4--,milwaukee ,s5t9el4 ,,new ,,york1 ,m>* #bg4--,"o hundr$ & =ty-"o p]sons are dead z a result ( ! fire :i* on ,saturday aft]noon swept ! ?ree upp] floors ( ! factory l(t build+ at ! nor?we/ corn] ( ,wa%+ton place & ,gre5e /reet4 ,m ?an ?ree-qu>t]s ( ?is numb] are wom5 & girls1 :o 7 employ$ 9 ! ,triangle ,%irt ,wai/ factory1 :]e ! fire orig9at$4--,bo/on ,transcript4 7b7 ,li/ ( ,dead4--,:5 ! numb] ( dead or injur$ rea*es any v significant figure x is cu/om>y to make a table ( dead & injur$4 ,?is table is usually set into ! /ory close aft] ! lead1 b v (t5 ! li/ is put 9 a box & slipp$ 9 above ! /ory4 ,9 writ+ ! /ory1 h[ev]1 ! report] disreg>ds ! table & beg9s 8 lead z if !re 7 no table3 e4g41 ,twelve firem5 7 kill$ & f\rte5 injur$ 9 a fire---- ,! li/ usually gives ! "n1 address 7or "s o!r id5tification71 & ! nature ( ! injury1 ?us3 ,injur$ ,firem53 ,capt4 ,frank ,makal1 ,eng9e ,co4 ,no4 #d1 cut by glass4 ,act+ ,capta9 ,w4 ,e4 ,br[n1 fire boat ,no4 #bc1 cut by glass4 ,pet] ,ryan1 ,no4 #ae1 fly+ glass4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 ,or3 ,! ,dead3 ,mrs4 ,*>les ,smi?1 #ad ,w4 ,gorham /reet4 ,john ,johnson1 #aaic ,*a?am /reet4 ,! ,injur$3 ,?omas ,gre51 #aaaa ,gr& /reet2 face cut by fly+ glass4 ,james ,br[n1 #agf ,or*>d av5ue2 int]nal injuries2 may die4 7c7 ,mann] ( ,dea?4--,a numb] ( fatalities at ! beg9n+ always attracts att5tion4 ,n infrequ5tly ! mann] or ! cause1 especially 9 ! case ( a s+le dea?1 is wor? ! fir/ place 9 ! lead--n z ,"o man kill$---- b z ,cru%$ b5ea? a fall+ wall1 a man 0 kill$4 ,if a man burns to dea? 9 a v unusual way1 or = an unusual reason1 we are m int]e/$ 9 ! way he 0 burn$1 or ! reason t he burn$1 ?an 9 ! m]e fact t he 0 burn$ to dea?4 ,! fir/ l9e !n tells u h[ or :y he 0 burn$4 ,?us3 ,to save 8 money1 :i* he hop$ w\ld "s day raise him f ! rank ( a labor] to t ( a prosp]\s m]*ant1 ,h+ ,lee1 a ,*9ese laundryman1 ran back into 8 burn+ laundry at #cjca ,nicollet av5ue today1 aft] he 0 once safe f ! flames1 & 0 s badly burn$ t physicians say he _c live4--,m9neapolis ,j\rnal4 #b4 ,injuries4--,v (t5 no "o is kill$ 9 a fire b "s "o is injur$4 ,= example1 five firem5 are ov]come by ammonia fumes or two m5 are s]i\sly injur$ by a fall+ wall4 ,?is !n becomes ! feature4 ,injuries to human be+s1 if s]i\s or 9 any consid]able numb]1 take prec$5ce ov] o!r features1 j z loss ( human life does4 ,"h is an example f ! press 9 :i* all ! injuries are ga!r$ toge!r at ! beg9n+3 ,six firem5 & two labor]s 7 ov]come by smoke1 :ile ?ree o!r firem5 receiv$ m9or injuries by fly+ glass 9 a fire :i* broke out ye/]day morn+ at #aj3cj o'clock 9 ! ,wellau]-,h(fman build+1 at1 etc4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 #c4 ,rescues4--7a7 ,numb] ( ,p ,rescu$4--,:5 p are rescu$ f great dang] 9 a fire _! escape makes a v good feature4 ,if _m ( !m are rescu$ or escape v n>r[ly1 ! m]e numb] ( p sav$ des]ves ! fir/ place1 z3 ,m ?an #aej m5 & wom5 7 sav$ f dea? today 9 a fire at #bac-bag ,gr& /reet by tobogann+ f ! ro( ( ! burn+ /ructure on a bo>d *ute to ! ro( ( an adjo9+ five-/ory build+4--,new ,york ,mail4 7b7 ,mann] ( ,rescue4--,b m (t5 ! mann] ( _! escape int]e/s u mo/4 ,if a man slides d[n a rope = f\r /ories to escape dea? by fire we are m int]e/$ 9 h[ he sav$ himself ?an 9 ! fact t he didn't burn1 & s we tell h[ he escap$1 9 ! fir/ l9e4 ,9 ! same way1 if unusual means are us$ to save "o or m p]sons1 ! means ( rescue is usually wor? featur+4 ,= example3 ,ov]coats us$ z life nets sav$ ! lives ( a doz5 wom5 & *ildr5 9 a fire ( inc5di>y orig9 9 ! ?ree-/ory frame t5em5t h\se at #acg ,havemey] av5ue1 ,brooklyn1 to-day1 etc4--,new ,york ,mail4 #d4 ,prop]ty ,?reat5$4--,dea? & injury are ! commone/ unexpect$ circum/ances 9 fire /ories1 b !y are n ! only ones t may be wor? featur+4 ,!re is an inconceivable numb] ( ?+s t may happ5 at a fire & ov]%ad[ all int]e/ 9 ! fire itself4 ,a good feature may be f\nd 9 ! prop]ty t is ?reat5$4 ,(t5 ! fire 9 itself is insignificant1 b because ( a high w9d or o!r circum/ances x ?reat5s to spread to neighbor+ build+s or to deva/ate a l>ge area4 ,9 su* a case ! am\nt ( prop]ty ?reat5$ or endang]$ des]ves a place 9 ! v fir/ l9e1 especially if x exce$s ! am\nt ( prop]ty actually de/roy$ & if x c be put 9 a /rik+ way2 i4 e41 ! entire wat]front di/rict1 or tw5ty-five dwell+ h\ses1 or #e1jjj1jjj wor? ( prop]ty4 ,:5 contra/$ ) ! small am\nt ( damage actually done1 ! am\nt t is ?reat5$ becomes m important4 ,?us3 ,fire t = a "t ?reat5$ #b1jjj1jjj wor? ( prop]ty de/roy$ #ae1jjj wor? ( lumb] own$ by ! ,milwaukee ,lumb] ,company1 #gbe ,cl9ton /reet1 ye/]day4444 ,! t]ritory betwe5 ,mit*ell /reet & ! ,k9nick9nic riv] & ,re$ /reet1 to ! lake1 conta9+ manufactories1 dwell+s & /ores1 0 m5ac$4--,milwaukee ,news4 #e4 ,fire ,fight+4--,n unusually a s]i\s fire results f ! fact t x 0 n *eck$ = "s reason or o!r dur+ its e>li] /ages4 ,p]haps ! :ole ?+ might h be5 avoid$1 or1 on ! contr>y1 a big fire may be ext+ui%$ ) unexpect$ ease or unusual skill4 ,9 r>e cases ?is matt] ( v effici5t or v ineffici5t fire fight+ is ( suffici5t importance to take ! fir/ place 9 ! lead4 ,= example3 ,almo/ total lack ( wat] pressure is blam$ = ! big loss 9 a fire />t$ by a firebug to-day 9 ! five-/ory factory build+ ( ,lam*ick ,bro!rs1 manufactur+ company1 #djj-djb ,s\? ,second /reet1 ,williamsburg4--,new ,york ,mail4 ,rott5 hose1 :i* bur/ z fa/ z x 0 put 9 use1 imp]il$ ! lives ( m ?an a score ( firem5 to-day at a blaze :i* swept ! ?ree-/ory frame flat h\se at ,?ird av5ue & ,sixty-sev5? /reet1 ,brooklyn1 f cell> to ro(1 etc4--,new ,york ,mail4 #f4 ,cr[d4--,n uncommonly 9 ! city a trem5d\s cr[d ga!rs to wat* a fire & blocks traffic = h\rs4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( o!r significant incid5ts--dea?1 great loss1 etc4--! report] may beg9 8 /ory ) an acc\nt ( ! cr[d pres5t or ! blockade ( traffic4 ,su* a beg9n+ %\ld always be us$ only z a la/ resort :5 a fire has no o!r int]e/+ phase1 = cr[ds always ga!r at fires & only a v s]i\s block+ ( traffic is wor? report+4 ,?us3 ,fully #ae1jjj p]sons 7 attract$ to ! sc5e ( ! fire 9 ! portion ( ! plant ( ! ,gre5wald ,pack+ ,company1 ,cl>emont ,/ock ,y>ds1 :i* 0 discov]$ at #d3ef ye/]day aft]noon4--,baltimore ,am]ican4 ,tw5ty-five ?\s& p jamm$ ,broadway betwe5 ,bleeck] & ,bond /reets ye/]day noon & _h ! excitem5t ( wat*+ #bej girls escape f a twelve-/ory l(t build+ :i* 0 afire4--,new ,york ,sun4 #g4 ,miscellane\s4--,!re is an inf9ite numb] ( ?+s t may happ5 at a fire & ov]%ad[ ! m]e fire int]e/4 ,^! are ! ?+s t make "o fire diff]5t f ano!r1 & :5ev] !y are ( suffici5t importance !y become ! feature to be play$ up 9 ! fir/ l9e ( ! introduction4 ,x w\ld be impossible to enum]ate all ! unexpect$ ?+s t might happ5 dur+ a fire4 ,x is ?is elem5t ( unexpect$ possibilities t makes ! report+ ( fires int]e/+1 & an al]t report] is ev] on ! look\t = a new & unusual developm5t 9 ! fire to be us$ z ! feature ( 8 /ory4 ,"h are ! leads ( a few fire /ories clipp$ f ! daily newspap]s3 ,) h] home on fire & ! smoke swirl+ ar\nd h] head1 ,mrs4 ,b4 ,b4 ,blank1 a well-kn[n lead] ( ! social set ( ,rol& ,p>k1 bravely /ood by h] telephone & call$ ^u ! ,rol& ,p>k ,fire ,company = aid %ortly aft] #h o'clock ?is morn+4--,baltimore ,/>4 ,f\r *>m+ "y wom5 attir$ 9 mascul9e app>el 7 ! unexpect$ & emb>rass$ ho/s ( f\r companies ( fire dep>tm5t laddies la/ night1 :5 fire broke out1 etc4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 ,= ! fir/ "t s9ce its in/allation ! high-pressure wat] p[] sy/em 0 reli$ ^u solely la/ night to fight a ,broadway fire1 & ,*ief ,crok] said t he 0 well satisfi$ ) its "w4 ,! fire began on ! ?ird floor ( ! six-/ory1 etc4--,new ,york ,times4 ,c4 ,,fire ,,/ories ,,) ,,m ,,?an ,,"o ,,feature ,x w\ld appe> f ! =ego+ examples t almo/ e fire /ory has a feature4 ,& s x usually has4 ,! great majority ( fires t are wor? report+ at all h "s unusual incid5t connect$ ) !m t ov]%ad[s ! m]e fire itself4 ,sometimes ! features are n ( great significance1 b x is only z a la/ resort t a report] beg9s 8 /ory ) ,fire--only :5 ! mo/ ord9>y ( fires is to be cov]$4 ,unusual features are s common 9 connection ) fires t v (t5 a s+le fire has m ?an "o unusual feature4 ,p]haps ! cause ( ! fire is exceptionally /rik+ & at ! same "t ! am\nt ( prop]ty de/roy$ is ( great news value 9 itself4 ,or ! "t & "s unexpect$ att5dant circum/ance are bo? wor? ! fir/ place4 ,9 t case ! report] has to *oose betwe5 ! two features & beg9 ) ! "o t seems to him to be ! m /rik+4 ,! o!r feature or features may (t5 be arrang$ 9 ! ord] ( importance imm$iately aft] ! mo/ /rik+ fact at ! beg9n+1 provid$ t ?is does n make ! lead unduly complicat$4 ,= in/ance1 a cold /orage w>eh\se burns & f\r firem5 are ov]come by ! fumes f ! ammonia pipes4 ,next door is a hospital & ! flames fright5 ! pati5ts almo/ into a panic4 ,ei!r "o ( ^! incid5ts is wor? ! fir/ l9e ( ! /ory4 ,b :i* "o is ( ! great] importance8 ,naturally ! elem5t ( dang] to human life mu/ be consid]$ fir/ & ! actual disabl+ ( f\r firem5 is ( great] significance ?an a possible panic 9 ! hospital4 ,foll[+ t l9e ( logic our /ory w\ld beg93 ,f\r firem5 7 ov]come by ammonia fumes & a panic 9 ! ,/4 ,*>les ,hospital 0 n>r[ly av]t$1 z a result ( a fire :i* de/roy$ ! cold /orage w>eh\se (1 etc4 ,su* a lead w\ld n be too complicat$ = practical purposes4 ,b suppose t ar\nd ! corn] f ! cold /orage w>eh\se is a liv]y 9 :i* fifty horses are /abl$4 ,! flames fright5 ! horses & !y break loose & /amp$e 9 ! /reets4 ,! /ory n[ has ?ree features ( /rik+ int]e/4 ,x w\ld be possible to comb9e !m all 9 ! lead & to beg9 9 ?is way3 ,f\r firem5 7 ov]come by ammonia fumes1 a panic 0 n>r[ly av]t$ 9 ! ,/4 ,*>les ,hospital1 & fifty fright5$ horses /amp$$ 9 ! /reets z a result ( a fire1 etc4 ,b see h[ f> f ! beg9n+ ! fire1 ! actual cause ( x all1 is plac$4 ,! fire is buri$ beh9d a mass ( details & ! read] is confus$4 ,! lead is n a happy "o4 ,! only ?+ to d is to break up ! mass ( details & put "p ( !m imm$iately aft] ! lead4 ,! arrangem5t is a matt] t mu/ be left to ! judgm5t ( ! report]4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is an extreme case because ! v>i\s features are s disconnect$ & sep>ate4 ,! report] w\ld h little tr\ble if ! sev]al features 7 m alike4 ,= in/ance1 if "o ( ! walls ( ! build+ _h fall5 & kill$ ?ree firem5 ! case w\ld h be5 simpl]4 ,! dea? ( ^! m5 s f> ov]%ad[s ! o!r unusual incid5ts t x drives !m out ( ! lead altoge!r4 ,= we d n c>e ab\t horses & fright5$ pati5ts :5 m5 are cru%$ b5ea? fall+ walls4 ,all t we are conc]n$ ) 9 our lead n[ is ! dead & injur$--) a feature l ?is we c tru/ our read]s to g into ! /ory f> en\gh to pick up ! o!r int]e/+ features2 we w\ld beg9 9 ?is way3 ,?ree firem5 7 kill$ by fall+ walls & f\r o!rs 7 ov]come by ammonia fumes 9 a fire :i* de/roy$ ! cold /orage1 etc4 ,! comb9ation ( dead & injur$ makes a good beg9n+1 & x is always advisable to beg9 ) su* an enum]ation :5ev] x is possible4 ,:]e ! features are n s significant z dea? & injuries ! matt] ( arrang+ m ?an "o /rik+ detail at ! beg9n+ ( ! lead becomes a great] problem4 ,x mu/ be left to "o's own judgm5t & common s5se4 ,! lead mu/ n be too long or complicat$1 & "o mu/ hesitate be=e bury+ ! really important facts ( ! /ory beh9d sev]al l9es ( m or less unusual details4 ,j z soon z ! lead becomes at all confus+ take out ! details & put !m into ! /ory lat]4 ,,vii ,,faults ,,9 ,,news ,,/ories ,be=e we g on to ! consid]ation ( o!r k9ds ( news /ories x w be well to consid] 9 great] detail ! facts we h le>n$ f writ+ up fires4 ,our fire /ories %\ld h taught u a numb] ( ?+s ab\t ! =m ( ! news /ory4 ,let u sum !m up4 ,p>agraph ,l5g?4--,we h se5 t newspap] writ+ has a *>act]i/ic /yle ( its own4 ,9 ! fir/ place notice ! l5g? ( a newspap] p>agraph4 ,c\nt ! numb] ( words 9 an av]age p>agraph & comp>e x ) ! numb] ( words 9 a lit]>y p>agraph4 ,we f9d t ! newspap] p>agraph is mu* %ort]4 ,!re is a reason = ?is4 ,imag9e a #aej-^w lit]>y p>agraph set up 9 a newspap]4 ,!re are ab\t sev5 words to ! l9e 9 a newspap] column & "o hundr$ & fifty words w\ld make some?+ ov] tw5ty l9es4 ,try to picture a newspap] made up ( tw5ty-l9e p>agraphs2 x w\ld be extremely difficult to read4 ,we glance ov] a newspap] ha/ily & our ha/e requires _m breaks to help u 9 ga!r+ ! facts4 ,h5ce ! p>agraphs mu/ be %ort2 ! v n>r[ness ( ! newspap] column causes !m to be %ort5$4 ,! av]age lead1 y w f9d1 conta9s less ?an fifty words & ! p>agraphs foll[+ x are n mu* long]4 ,s5t5ce ,l5g?4--,notice s5t5ce l5g?s z comp>$ ) lit]>y s5t5ces4 ,y w f9d t newspap] s5t5ces usually fall into two classes3 ! s5t5ces 9 ! lead & ! s5t5ces 9 ! body ( ! /ory4 ,! fir/ s5t5ce is usually r long--?irty to sixty words4 ,b ! s5t5ces 9 ! body ( ! /ory are mu* %ort] ?an mo/ lit]>y s5t5ces4 ,:y is ?is8 ,x results f exactly ! same ?+ t makes ! newspap] p>agraphs %ort--! ne$ ( _m breaks4 ,?us1 aft] we f9i% a lead1 we mu/ fall into %ort s5t5ces4 ,!y ne$ n be *oppy s5t5ces1 b !y mu/ be simple & easy to read4 ,,! ,,lead ,,& ,,! ,,body ,,( ,,! ,,/ory ,our /udy ( ! fire /ory has %[n t newspap] /ories always h two sep>ate & di/9ct p>ts3 ! lead & ! body ( ! /ory4 ,9 writ+ ! /ory a report] mu/ consid] ea* "p sep>ately1 al?\gh ! read] does n di/+ui% betwe5 ! two p>ts4 ,be=e writ+ a ^w ! report] mu/ decide exactly :at facts & details he is to put 9 ! lead & exactly :at fact he is go+ to play up 9 ! fir/ l9e1 tak+ c>e to beg9 ) ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! /ory4 ,aft] ! lead is f9i%$ he writes ! ma9 body ( ! /ory 9 accordance ) ! rules ( ord9>y ,engli% composition4 ,ea* "p mu/ be sep>ate & indep5d5t ( ! o!r4 ,! ,lead4--,! lead itself is always p>agraph$ sep>ately4 ,usually x consi/s ( a s+le s5t5ce1 al?\gh x is mu* bett] to break x into two ?an to make ! s5t5ce too long & complicat$4 ,z we h said be=e1 ! lead mu/ n only tell ! mo/ int]e/+ fact or incid5t 9 ! /ory1 b x mu/ answ] ! natural que/ions t ! read] imm$iately asks ab\t ?is matt]2 i4e41 :51 :]e1 :at1 :y1 :o1 & h[4 ,^! que/ions mu/ be answ]$ briefly & concisely 9 _! ord] ( importance1 & ! mo/ unusual answ] or ! mo/ /rik+ "p ( ! /ory mu/ prec$e all ! re/4 ,beyond ! answ]s to ^! que/ions !re is no space = details 9 ! lead4 ,e ^w mu/ h a purpose & a necess>y purpose or x mu/ be cut out & relegat$ to ! body ( ! /ory4 ,no space %\ld be giv5 to explanations ( m9or importance4 ,/ate ! cont5t ( ! news /ory z completely1 accurately1 & concisely z possible s t ! read] may "k j :at happ5$1 :5 x happ5$1 :]e1 to :om1 & p]haps h[ & :y x happ5$4 ,!n beg9 a new p>agraph & />t ! body ( ! /ory4 ,_m editors require t ! lead consi/ ( "o long s5t5ce & yet x mu/ be grammatical4 ,_m report]s =get all ab\t ,engli% gramm> 9 _! attempt to cr[d ev]y?+ !y "k into "o s5t5ce4 ,b m]e quantity does n make ! lead good2 x mu/ be grammatical & easy to read4 ,! v]b mu/ h a grammatical subject &1 if x is an active v]b1 x mu/ h a grammatical pr$icate4 ,clauses & modifi]s mu/ be atta*$ 9 a way t _c be ov]look$4 ,dangl+ p>ticiples & absolute con/ructions %\ld be %unn$4 ,all ( ! modify+ clauses mu/ be ga!r$ toge!r ei!r be=e or aft] ! pr9cipal clause4 ,ev]y?+ mu/ be compact & logical4 ,_m pap]s disreg>d ?is matt]1 z w be se5 9 "s ( ! extracts quot$ 9 ?is book1 b ! be/ pap]s d n4 ,e lead %\ld be s con/ruct$ t x may /& alone & be self-suffici5t4 ,nev] %\ld a report] tru/ to headl9es to enlight5 8 read]s ^u ! mean+ ( ! lead--! exact rev]se ( ?is mu/ be true4 ,! /ory is writt5 fir/ & ! headl9es are writt5 f ! facts conta9$ 9 ! lead--& usually by ano!r man4 ,9 writ+ ! lead disreg>d ! exi/5ce ( headl9es1 = _m read]s d n read !m at all4 ,?is is b an amplification ( ! old rule ( composition t any piece ( writ+ %\ld be indep5d5t ( its title4 ,! title may be lo/1 b ! essay mu/ be cle> )\t x4 ,!re are _m ways ( beg9n+ a lead 9 ord] to embody ! feature 9 ! fir/ l9e4 ,at fir/ glance ! op]ation ( putt+ ! emphasis ( a s5t5ce at ! beg9n+1 r ?an at ! end1 may seem difficult1 b ) a cle> idea ( ! rules ( dep5d5ce 9 ,engli% gramm> a report] may transpose any clause to ! beg9n+ & ?us play up ! cont5t ( ! clause4 ,= in/ance1 9 ?is lead1 ,fire1 />t+ 9 a mov+ picture !atre1 #ddah ,?ird av5ue1 drove ! t5ants ( ! build+ out into ! icy /reet :ile ! sn[/orm 0 at its height %ortly be=e #ab o'clock la/ night4 ! /rik+ feature ( ! /ory is buri$--we d n get ! unusual picture ( a little gr\p ( p %iv]+ 9 ! /reet dur+ a bl9d+ sn[/orm :ile !y wat* _! homes burn4 ,a simple transposition ( ! :ile-clause puts ! feature 9 ! fir/ l9e4 ,?us3 ,:ile ! sn[/orm 0 at its height %ortly be=e #ab o'clock la/ night1 fire1 />t+ 9 a mov+ picture !atre1 #ddah ,?ird av5ue1 drove ! t5ants ( ! build+ out into ! icy /reet4 ,! lead is n p]fect n[2 x might be greatly improv$1 b x is bett] ?an be=e4 ,a few ( ! possible beg9n+s = a lead are3 #a4 ,n\n4--,! simple/ beg9n+ ( a lead is ( c\rse ! use ( a n\n z subject ( ! pr9cipal v]b4 ,= example1 ,fire de/roy$ ! resid5ce (---- or ,a fla%light sett+ fire to a lace curta9 />t$ a fire---- or ,! ,plaza ,hotel _h a few uncom=table mom5ts la/ night---- etc4 ,! subject ( ! v]b may ( c\rse h its modifi]s--adjectives & phrases--b x %\ld n be sep>at$ too widely f its v]b4 ,"o po9t is to be not$ 9 ! use ( a simple n\n at ! beg9n+2 an article %\ld n prec$e ! n\n if x c be avoid$1 = ! v simple reason t an article is n wor? ! important space t x takes at ! beg9n+ ( ! lead4 ,9 ! case ( fire no article is necess>y4 ,9 o!r cases x is usually possible to put 9 an adjective or "s o!r ^w t w take ! article's place4 ,h[ev]1 nev] beg9 a /ory l ?is3 ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates decid$---- or ,"y man 9 ev5+ dress 0 arre/$ la/ night---- or ,h\se ( ,john ,smi? 0 de/roy$ ye/]day----4 ,obvi\sly some?+ is lack+ &1 if no o!r ^w w supply ! lack1 use ! article1 ! or a4 ,:5 ! n\n-beg9n+ is us$ ! report] mu/ nev] =get t two or m n\ns1 h[ev] diff]5t1 if subject ( ! same v]b1 require a plural v]b4 ,! v]b may be active or passive1 :i*ev] is m conv5i5t1 b r>ely is ! object ( an active v]b put fir/--simply because ,engli% _c be> ?is transposition ( subject & pr$icate4 #b4 ,inf9itive4--,o!r p>ts ( spee* aside f n\ns may be subjects ( v]bs & s o!r p>ts ( spee* z subjects ( ! pr9cipal v]b ( ! lead may be plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! lead4 ,an inf9itive ) its object & modifi] may occupy ! fir/ l9e z subject ( ! ma9 v]b2 e4g43 ,to rescue 8 own son dur+ ! burn+ ( 8 own h\se 0 a "p ( ye/]day's "w = ,fireman ,mi*ael ,casey1 :o1 etc4 ,"h ! inf9itive to rescue & its object are ! subject ( ! v]b 01 & ! con/ruction is p]fectly grammatical4 ,un=tunately ! ,engli% language has ano!r inf9itive :i* v mu* resembles a pres5t p>ticiple--! inf9itive end+ 9 -+2 e4g41 rescu+4 ,)\t an article ?is "p ( spee* mu/1 ( c\rse1 be us$ only z an adjective1 b ) an article x becomes an inf9itive1 to be treat$ z a n\n2 e4g41 ! rescu+ (4 ,x w\ld be p]fectly grammatical to beg9 ! above lead 9 ?is way3 ,! rescu+ ( 8 own son 444 0 ! "w1 etc4 ,b x w\ld be ungrammatical to beg9 x ?us3 ,rescu+ 8 own son 0 ! "w1 etc4 ,= 9 ! second case ! ^w rescu+1 if us$ ) an object1 is n an inf9itive b a p>ticiple1 & mu/ be us$ only z an adjective1 ?us3 ,rescu+ 8 own son1 ,fireman ,casey p]=m$ 8 duty1 etc41 or ,9 rescu+ 8 own son1 ,fireman ,casey p]=m$ 8 duty4 ,! two uses %\ld nev] be confus$4 #c4 ,clause4--,ano!r expression t may be us$ z subject ( ! lead's pr9cipal v]b is a clause--usually a t-clause4 ,= in/ance1 ,t ! entire :olesale di/rict 0 n de/roy$ by fire la/ night is due to1 etc4 ,"h ! t-clause is subject ( ! v]b is & ! expression is entirely grammatical z well z v useful z a beg9n+4 #d4 ,prepositional ,phrase4--,:5 ! feature ( a /ory is an action r ?an a ?+1 a n\n c h>dly be us$ to express x4 ,v (t5 ?is lead may be h&l$ by means ( a prepositional phrase at ! beg9n+4 ,= example1 "o ( ! /ories 9 ! la/ *apt] beg9s3 ,) h] home on fire & ) smoke swirl+ ar\nd h] head1 ,mrs4 ,john1 etc4 ,9 ?is case ! prepositional phrase modifies ! subject & %\ld n be f> f x4 ,ano!r v>iation ( ?is is ! prepositional phrase ( "t1 modify+ ! v]b2 e4g41 ,dur+ ! w$d+ ( ,miss ,m>y ,jones1 la/ night1 ! h\se sudd5ly caught fire1 etc4 ,?is beg9n+ is effective if x is n ov]work$1 b ! read] %\ld nev] be held back f ! real facts ( ! /ory by a /r+ ( complicat$ phrases1 int5d$ to build up susp5se4 #e4 ,p>ticipial ,phrase4--,v mu* l ! prepositional phrase beg9n+ is ! p>ticipial beg9n+4 ,slid+ d[n an eighty-foot ext5sion ladd] ) a woman 9 8 arms1 ,fireman ,john ,casey rescu$1 etc4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! p>ticipial phrase mu/ modify a n\n & !re %\ld be no d\bt 9 ! read]'s m9d z to ! n\n t x modifies4 ,x w\ld ( c\rse be absurd to say ,slid+ d[n an eighty-foot ext5sion ladd]1 fire s]i\sly burn$ ,john ,casey----1 b su* ?+s are (t5 said4 ,nev] %\ld ?is p>ticipial phrase be us$ z ! subject ( a v]b1 z ,return+ home & f9d+ h] h\se 9 a%es 0 ! unusual exp]i5ce ( ,mrs4 ,james1 etc4 ,! phrase mu/ always modify a n\n j l an adjective4 #f4 ,temporal ,clause4--,a feature may (t5 be br\ght to ! beg9n+ ( ! lead by a simple transposition ( clauses4 ,%\ld ! "t be important a subord9ate :5 or :ile clause may prec$e ! pr9cipal clause ( ! s5t5ce2 i4e41 ,:5 ! sn[/orm 0 at its height e>ly ?is morn+1 a ?ree-/ory brick build+ burn$1 etc41 or ,:ile #ae1jjj p wat*$ f ! /reet bel[1 #bej girls escap$ f ! burn+ build+ at1 etc4 #g4 ,causal ,clause4--,%\ld ! cause ( an action or an occurr5ce be attractive en\gh = ! fir/ l9e1 a = or a because clause may beg9 ! lead4 ,because a t9smi? upset a pot ( molt5 sold] on ! ro( ( pi] ,no4 #ai1 two /eam]s 7 burn$1 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is does n exhau/ ! li/ ( possible beg9n+s4 ,!re are a doz5 possible con/ructions = ! beg9n+ ( any /ory2 ^! are m]ely ! commone/ ones4 ,any?+ unusual or ( d\btful gramm> %\ld be avoid$ because ( ! _m possible alt]natives t pres5t !mselves4 ,& 9 e lead correct gramm> %\ld be consid]$ above all else4 ,if a lead is ungrammatical no clev] arrangem5t ( details c make x effective or o!r ?an ludicr\s4 ,= in/ance1 ?is lead1 tak5 f a newspap]1 illu/rates an un=tunate attempt to cr[d too _m details into a %ort lead3 ,bitt5 by a rattlesnake1 ,myrtle ,olson's leg 0 sla%$ ) a table knife1 wa%$ ! w\nd ) k]os5e1 !n cov]$ ! incision ) salt by h] "m4 ,myrtle /ill lives4 ,ano!r pap] tri$ to arrange x m happily1 ?us3 ,bitt5 by a rattlesnake1 ,myrtle ,olson's "m sla%$ h] daught]'s leg ) a table knife1 wa%$ ! w\nd ) k]os5e1 !n cov]$ ! incision ) salt4 ,myrtle /ill lives4 ,!re is evid5tly some?+ wrong 9 ?is4 ,x w\ld be a good ex]cise to try to express ! idea grammatically4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e we g on to ! consid]ation ( ! body ( ?is /ory a few ,don'ts 9 reg>d to writ+ leads may be 9 ord]4 ,don't beg9 a lead ) a p]son's "n unless ! p]son is well kn[n4 ,we are always int]e/$ 9 any?+ unusual t a man may d or any?+ unusual t he may suff]1 b unless we "k ! man we are n at all int]e/$ 9 8 "n4 ,suppose t a man p]=ms "s ?rill+ act or suff]s "s unusual mis=tune 9 a city ( #ajj1jjj p4 ,probably n m ?an "o hundr$ p "k him1 & ( t numb] only "o or two w read ! /ory4 ,!n :y beg9 ) 8 "n :5 8 action is ( great] int]e/ to all b a few ( our read]s8 ,& yet e read] wants to "k :e!r ! victim is "o ( 8 fri5ds4 ,!re=e ! man's "n mu/ be m5tion$ 9 ! lead1 al?\gh x %\ld n come at ! beg9n+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! man is prom95t 9 ! nation or ! community & well kn[n to all our read]s1 8 "n adds int]e/ to ! /ory & we beg9 ) ! "n4 ,!re is a gr[+ t5d5cy among ,am]ican newspap]s to beg9 all ( _! /ories ) a "n4 ,! t5d5cy appe>s to be ! result ( an attempt to break away f ! conv5tional lead & to beg9 9 a m natural way--also an easi] way4 ,b ! "n beg9n+ is aft] all illogical1 & any report] is safe 9 foll[+ ! logical c\rse 9 ! matt]4 ,if ! "n is n important beg9 ) some?+ t is important4 ,don't wa/e ! ma9 v]b ( ! s5t5ce on a m9or action :ile express+ ! pr9cipal action 9 a subord9ate clause4 ,?is is a violation ( emphasis4 ,= example1 ,fatally burn$ by an explosion 9 8 laundry1 ,h+ ,lee 0 tak5 to ! hospital4 ,naturally he w\ld be tak5 to ! hospital1 b :y put ! emphasis ( ! :ole s5t5ce on t po9t8 ,don't resort to ! expression 0 ! unusual exp]i5ce (---- 0 ! fate (---- or any l !m4 ,e ^w 9 ! lead mu/ c\nt1 & "h are five words t say no?+ at all4 ,use _! place to tell :at ! unusual exp]i5ce 04 ,= in/ance1 don't say ,to /& 9 a driv+ sn[/orm & wat* _! homes burn to ! gr\nd 0 ! unusual exp]i5ce ( two families1 liv+ at1 etc42 say in/ead1 ,/&+ 9 a driv+ sn[/orm two families wat*$ _! homes burn to ! gr\nd4 ,! latt] says ! same ?+ m effectively 9 less space4 ,! use ( ?is expression--0 ! unusual exp]i5ce (--is always ! m>k ( a gre5 report]4 ,don't ov]work ! expression ,fire broke out4 ,all fires break out1 b usually we are m int]e/$ 9 ! result ( ! fire ?an 9 its break+ out4 ,try to use "s expression t w give m def9ite in=mation4 ,don't be wordy4 ,editors are always call+ = %ort] & m concise leads4 ,if y c say a ?+ 9 two words don't use half a doz54 ,= example1 ,f\r memb]s ( ! local fire dep>tm5t 7 r5d]$ unconsci\s by ! deadly fumes f bur/+ ammonia pipes4 ,?is takes ?ree times z mu* space z ,f\r firem5 7 ov]come by ammonia fumes1 & x does n express ! idea any m effectively4 ,don't introduce m9or details into ! lead4 ,if ! read] wants ! details he may read ! re/ ( ! /ory4 ,take ! foll[+ lead z an example3 ,ru%+ back into 8 burn+ laundry1 a "o-/ory brick build+1 to rescue f ! flames 8 sav+s1 am\nt+ to #dcg1 ) :i* he hop$ to raise himself f ! rank ( labor] to t ( a prosp]\s m]*ant1 & :i* 0 hidd5 "u ! mattress ( 8 b$ 9 ! back room ( ! laundry1 ,h+ ,lee1 a ,*9aman1 :o lives at #gi ,nicollett av5ue & has be5 9 ?is c\ntry b ?ree mon?s1 0 ov]come by smoke & s s]i\sly burn$ t he _h to be remov$ to ! ,/4 ,m>y ,hospital & may n live1 :5 8 e/abli%m5t 0 de/roy$ by a fire :i*1 />t+ f ! explosion ( ! tank ( ! gasol5e /ove on :i* he 0 cook+ 8 d9n]1 gutt$ 8 laundry1 entail+ a loss ( #a1jjj1 %ortly be=e noon to-day4 ,x is entirely grammatical1 b if ! read] succe$s 9 wad+ ?r\gh x !re is no?+ left to tell ab\t ! fire4 ,:y n beg9 ! /ory 9 ?is way & leave some?+ = ! re/ ( ! /ory8 ,because he ru%$ back into 8 burn+ laundry to rescue 8 sav+s1 ,h+ ,lee1 a ,*9ese laundryman1 #gi ,nicollett av5ue1 0 s]i\sly burn$ to-day4 ,don't wa/e ! fir/ l9e ( ! lead on mean+less g5]alities4 ,get d[n to ! facts at once4 ,= in/ance1 ,! pres5ce ( m9d & brav]y ( ,fireman ,david ,mull5 sav$ ,mrs4 ,daniel ,look] f be+ burn$ to dea? 9 h] flat1 etc4 ,we are will+ to grant 8 brav]y & pres5ce ( m9d1 b we want to "k at once :at he did3 ,by slid+ d[n an eighty-foot ext5sion ladd] ?r\gh flames & smoke ) an unconsci\s woman 9 8 arms1 ,fireman ,david ,mull5 rescu$ ,mrs4 ,daniel1 etc4 ,equally useless is ! beg9n+1 ,a d>+ rescue ( an unconsci\s woman f ! f\r? /ory ( a blaz+ flat build+ 0 made by ,fireman ,david ,mull5 to-day1 etc4 ,tell :at ! d>+ rescue 0 & let ! read] manufacture a fitt+ eulogy4 ,don't exagg]ate ! facts to make a feature4 ,:5 a few p]sons are fright5$ don't turn x into a dreadful panic4 ,e little fire is n a holocau/ & ! burn+ ( a small b>n does n endang] ! entire city1 unless y\r imag9ation is /rong en\gh to guess :at might h happ5$ _h !re be5 a high w9d & no fire eng9es4 ,a n>r[ escape f dea? does n always excuse ! beg9n+1 ,scores kill$ & injur$ w\ld h be5 ! result1 if---- ,all beg9n+s ( ?is k9d give a false impression & d n tell ! tru?4 ,if a /ory has no /rik+ feature be satisfi$ to tell ! tru? ab\t x )\t try+ to make a _w-wide disa/] out ( x = ! sake ( a place on ! front page4 ,exagg]ation = a feature is "o ( ! bad elem5ts ( s5sational j\rnalism4 ,= example1 sev5 lives 7 lo/ 9 ?is fire1 b ?is is ! way ! /ory 0 writt51 = ! sake ( a ?ree-column sc>e-head3 ,t #ejj sleep+ babes & #ajj m :o 7 kneel+ 9 pray] 9 ,/4 ,mala*i's ,home1 a ,roman ,ca?olic in/itution = ! c>e ( orphans at ,rockaway ,p>k1 are alive to-day is due to ! coolness ( ! nuns 9 *>ge & ! *ildr5's remembrance ( _! tea*]'s fire drills4 ,! susp5se is built up 9 su* a way t at ! end ( ! lead we d n "k :at happ5$ & read on ) brea?less int]e/ to f9d t !re 0 a small fire at ! ,home & sev5 *ildr5 7 burn$4 ,! ,body ( ! ,/ory4--,a good beg9n+ is half done1 accord+ to ! prov]b4 ,9 writ+ a news /ory a good beg9n+ is m ?an half done--two-?irds at lea/4 ,! lead is ! beg9n+1 & :5 t has be5 writt5 we are ready to g on to ! body ( ! /ory ) a cle> consci5ce4 ,our lead has told ! read] ! ma9 facts ( ! case & ! mo/ unusual feature4 ,if he reads fur!r he is look+ = details4 ,9 giv+ him ^! we return to ! ord9>y rules ( n>ration4 ,we />t at ! v beg9n+ ( ! /ory & tell x logically & 9 detail to ! end4 ,we tell x z if no lead prec$$ x & repeat 9 great] detail ! incid5ts briefly outl9$ 9 ! lead4 ,nev] %\ld ! body ( ! /ory dep5d ^u ! lead = cle>ness4 ,if ! feature ( ! /ory is a rescue & y h briefly describ$ ! rescue 9 ! lead1 ignore ! lead & describe ! rescue all ov] aga9 9 ! body ( ! /ory 9 its prop] place4 ,! numb] ( details t are to be introduc$ into ! /ory is limit$ only by ! space t ! /ory seems to be wor?4 ,b no po9t %\ld be m5tion$ 9 ! /ory unless space p]mits ( its be+ made cle>4 ,! ord9>y rules ( ,engli% composition apply to ! writ+ ( ! body ( ! /ory4 ,! copy mu/ be p>agraph$1 cut up into p>agraphs t are r %ort] ?an ord9>y lit]>y p>agraphs1 s9ce ! n>r[ness ( ! newspap] column makes ! p>agraph seem long]4 ,het]og5e\s details mu/ n be pil$ toge!r 9 ! same p>agraph1 b ! facts mu/ be gr\p$ & h&l$ logically4 ,no p>agraph %\ld be noticeably long] ?an ! o!rs1 & x is decid$ly bad to p>agraph "o s5t5ce alone simply because x does n seem to g 9 ) any o!r s5t5ce4 ,if ! fact is important exp& x into a p>agraph by ! introduction ( fur!r details2 if x is unimportant ei!r cut x out ( ! /ory altoge!r or atta* x to ! p>agraph to :i* x seems mo/ logically to belong4 ,"o fact1 already /at$1 mu/ be borne 9 m9d z ! body ( ! /ory progresses4 ,! report %\ld be built up 9 su* a way t ! editor c sla% (f a p>agraph or two at ! end )\t injur+ ! /ory--)\t sacrific+ any important facts4 ,to d ?is ! report] %\ld br+ ! important p>ts ( ! /ory z ne> ! beg9n+ z ! logical ord] w p]mit4 ,! int]e/ ( a p]fect news /ory is l an inv]t$ cone4 ,! int]e/ is abundant at ! beg9n+ & gradually dw9dles out until !re is no?+ m to say :5 ! end is rea*$4 ,j h[ f> ! dw9dl+ %\ld be c>ri$ dep5ds ^u ! am\nt ( space t ! /ory seems to be wor? 9 ! pap]4 ,?is may seem difficult4 ,x may be h>d to see h[ a /ory c be told 9 its logical ord] :ile at ! same "t ! mo/ int]e/+ facts are plac$ at ! beg9n+1 ev5 if !y logically belong ne> ! end4 ,= example1 we may take ! /ory ( an unusual robb]y4 ,a well-dress$ man goes into a groc]y /ore to get "s butt] & tries to rob ! groc]4 ,9 ! ensu+ scuffle ! w\ld-be robb] escapes4 ,a "y woman :o happ5s to be pass+ sees ! end ( ! fight & pursues ! robb] d[n ! /reet until he runs into a saloon4 ,%e calls a policeman :o is /&+ on ! corn] & ! (fic] ru%es into ! saloon1 up ?ree flights ( /airs & f9ds ! robb] on ! ro( beh9d a *imney4 ,! (fic] %\ts to ano!r policeman1 & toge!r !y arre/ ! robb]4 ,n[1 :at is ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+ 9 ! /ory8 ,probably ! pursuit--a "y woman *as+ a robb] d[n ! /reet4 ,our lead might be writt5 9 ?is way3 ,aft] be+ *as$ d[n ,six? /reet by a "y woman1 a robb]1 :o _h attempt$ to rob ! groc]y /ore ( ,*>les ,"y1 #acde ,six? /reet1 0 arre/$ on ! ro( ( a saloon at #hce ,six? /reet1 at #g o'clock la/ night4 ,! lead might be arrang$ 9 a diff]5t way1 b ^! are ! facts t x w\ld conta94 ,be=e we consid] ! arrangem5t ( ! body ( ! /ory x may be well to g back to ! int]views by :i* we secur$ ! /ory4 ,9 gett+ ! facts we w\ld probably talk to ,"y1 ! groc]yman1 & to ! saloonkeep] into ^: e/abli%m5t ! robb] fl$4 ,we c\ld probably int]view ! policeman :o made ! arre/1 b let u suppose t ! "y woman c\ld n be f\nd4 ,! groc]yman w\ld tell u ab\t ! attempt$ robb]y & ! escape1 ) ! girl 9 pursuit4 ,! saloonkeep] w\ld tell u h[ ! man fl$ into 8 saloon & ran up ! /airs to ! ro(2 !n h[ two policem5 came & made ! arre/4 ,! policeman c\ld tell u h[ a "y woman ran up to him & told him t a robb] _h fl$ into ! saloon2 !n he w\ld describe ! arre/4 ,none ( ^! /ories is told j z we want ! newspap] /ory--ea* "o tells u only a "p ( ! /ory4 ,if ! f9i%$ /ory 7 writt5 by a gre5 report] x w\ld probably tell ! /ory 9 ! ord] 9 :i* x 0 obta9$4 ,t is if ! report] saw ! policeman fir/1 !n ! saloonkeep]1 & la/ly ! groc]yman2 8 /ory w\ld tell 9 ! fir/ p>agraph :at ! policeman said1 9 ! second p>agraph :at ! saloonkeep] said1 & 9 ! la/ p>agraph :at ! groc] said4 ,at lea/ t is ! way 9 :i* gre5 report]s 9 ! classroom attempt$ to write ! /ory4 ,b1 obvi\sly1 t is n ! logical way to tell ! /ory4 ,! f9i%$ acc\nt %\ld be writt5 9 ! ord] 9 :i* x happ5$3 i4e41 fir/ ! robb]y1 !n ! pursuit1 & la/ly ! arre/4 ,?is w\ld be ! ideal way to tell ! /ory--accord+ to ! rules ( ,engli% composition--if we c\ld be sure t ! entire /ory w\ld be pr9t$4 ,b if x 7 writt5 9 ?is way & ! editor decid$ to sla% (f ! la/ p>agraph1 :at w\ld g8 ,obvi\sly ! arre/ w\ld n be pr9t$2 & ! arre/ 0 q int]e/+4 ,we mu/ f9d "s way to br+ ! arre/ ne>] to ! beg9n+4 ,?is may be done by select+ ! mo/ int]e/+ p>ts ( ! /ory--by pick+ out ! high spots1 z x 74 ,9 ?is /ory ! high spots are ! attempt$ robb]y1 ! pursuit1 & ! arre/4 ,! details t fill 9 betwe5 are int]e/+1 b n s int]e/+ z ^! high spots4 ,h5ce ^! high spots ( int]e/ mu/ be pu%$ =w>d t[>d ! beg9n+4 ,aft] ! lead ! /ory w\ld beg9 at ! beg9n+ & tell ! affair briefly by high spots 9 _! prop] ord]4 ,x might be some?+ l ?is3 ,z ,*>les ,"y 0 clos+ 8 groc]y la/ ev5+ a "y man came 9 & ask$ = a p\nd ( butt]4 ,"y turn$ to get x & 8 cu/om] /ruck him ov] ! head ) a *air4 ,! groc] grappl$ ) 8 assailant & !y fell ?r\gh ! front door4 ,9 ! scramble1 ! robb] broke away & ran d[n ,six? /reet4 ,a "y woman :o 0 pass+ scream$ & ran aft] him until he disappe>$ into a saloon4 ,! "y woman call$ ,policeman ,smi?1 :o 0 /&+ ne>by on ,gr& av5ue1 & ! latt] f\nd ! w\ld-be robb] on ! ro( ( ! saloon4 ,aft] a /ruggle1 ,smi? arre/$ ! man1 ) ! aid ( ano!r policeman4 ,! above acc\nt tells u briefly ! mo/ int]e/+ p>ts ( ! /ory4 ,a copyread] might n f9d x p]fect1 = ! assault is allott$ too mu* space & ! pursuit too little1 b x tells ! /ory 9 its balde/ aspect4 ,?is1 ) ! lead1 c\ld be run alone4 ,h[ev]1 p]haps ! /ory is wor? m space2 at any rate1 _m int]e/+ details h be5 omitt$4 ,if s1 g back to ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! /ory--! assault1 p]haps1 or ! pursuit--& tell x ) m details4 ,!n retell "s o!r "p ) m details4 ,if y\r read]s are int]e/$ en\gh to read beyond ! fir/ ?ree p>agraphs !y want details & w n be s p>ticul> ab\t ! ord]--= !y already "k h[ ! /ory is go+ to end4 ,?is is "o way ( meet+ ! requirem5ts ( logical ord] & dw9dl+ int]e/4 ,?is is a p>ticul>ly h>d /ory to arrange 9 ! conv5tional way s9ce we mu/ h ! :ole /ory to be int]e/$ 9 any s+le "p--x has too _m /rik+ incid5ts 9 x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a /ory :i* conta9s only "o /rik+ incid5t is mu* easi] to h&le4 ,suppose t we are report+ a fire :i* is int]e/+ only = its cause or = a d>+ rescue 9 x4 ,our lead w\ld sugge/ ?is int]e/+ elem5t & ! fir/ "p ( our /ory w\ld be devot$ entirely to ! cause or to ! rescue1 z ! case might be4 ,b x is bett] to sket* briefly1 imm$iately aft] or v close to ! lead1 ! entire /ory1 = our read]s want to "k h[ x ends be=e !y c be int]e/$ 9 any p>ticul> "p4 ,if we sket* ! :ole /ory & %[ !m t !re is only "o important ?+ 9 ! /ory1 !y w be satisfi$ to read ab\t ! "o /rik+ incid5t )\t wond]+ if !re is n some?+ m int]e/+ fur!r on4 ,if we leave ! conclusion ( ! /ory to ! end ( our copy ! editor may cut x (f & leave our /ory dangl+ 9 midair4 ,e /ory mu/ be treat$ 9 its own way1 accord+ to its own incid5ts & difficulties2 no two /ories are alike 9 sub/ance or treatm5t4 ,9 e "o our aim mu/ be to keep to ! logical ord] & at ! same "t to put ! mo/ int]e/+ p>ts ( ! /ory ne> ! beg9n+4 ,! con/ruction ( ! body ( a /ory may be illu/rat$ m cle>ly by a fatal fire /ory--s9ce fire /ories are m uni=m1 & h5ce easi] to write ?an o!r news /ories4 ,let u suppose t ! /ory is z foll[s3 ,at f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon a fire />t$ f "s unkn[n cause 9 ! basem5t ( a f\r-/ory brick build+ at #chc-che ,six? ,/reet1 occupi$ by ! ,inc&esc5t ,light ,company4 ,be=e ! fire company arriv$ ! flames _h spread up ?r\gh ! build+ & into an adjo9+ ?ree-/ory brick build+ at #cha ,six? ,/reet1 occupi$ by ,isaac ,s*midt's second-h& /ore & home on ! fir/ & second floors & by ,mrs4 ,s>ah ,jones's bo>d+ h\se on ! ?ird4 ,! ,s*midts 7 away & ,mrs4 ,jones's lodg]s escap$ via ! fire escapes4 ,h] cook1 ,hilda ,s*ultz1 0 ov]come by smoke & _h to be c>ri$ out by ,jack ,swe5ey1 a lodg]4 ,mrs4 ,jones fell f ! fire escape & 0 badly bruis$4 ,mean:ile ! firem5 7 at "w on ! ro( ( ! burn+ f\r-/ory build+4 ,bl9d$ by ! smoke1 "o ( !m1 ,john ,mac,bane1 /epp$ ?r\gh a skylight & fell to ! f\r? floor4 ,8 comrades tri$ to rescue him by l[]+ ,fireman ,h5ry ,bond into ! smoke by ! heels2 !y 7 unsuccessful & ,bond broke 8 arm 9 ! attempt4 ,! fire 0 conf9$ to ! l[] floors ( ! two build+s & ext+ui%$4 ,9 se>*+ = ,mac,bane1 ! firem5 f\nd him suffocat$ on ! f\r? floor :]e he _h fall54 ,! feature ( ! /ory is evid5tly ! "o dea? & ! ?ree injuries4 ,our lead might be writt5 z foll[s3 ,"o fireman 0 suffocat$ & ?ree o!r p]sons 7 injur$ 9 a fire 9 ! ,inc&esc5t ,light ,company's plant1 #chc-che ,six? /reet1 & an adjo9+ ?ree-/ory build+1 late ye/]day aft]noon4 ,?is lead w\ld sugge/ to ! read] _m int]e/+ details to come 9 ! body ( ! /ory1 & evid5tly ! details are n all ( equal importance4 ,! /ory c\ld be told 9 its logical ord]1 b1 s9ce ! dea? is m int]e/+ ?an ! orig9 ( ! fire & ! injuries are m significant ?an h[ ! fire spread1 x is obvi\s t x w\ld n be be/ to tell ! /ory 9 ! ord] 9 :i* x is told above4 ,disreg>d+ ! lead1 we mu/ cov] ! foll[+ details 9 ! body ( our /ory3 ,description ( build+s & occupants4 ,orig9 ( fire4 ,discov]y ( fire4 ,spread ( flames4 ,injury ( ,mrs4 ,jones4 ,rescue ( ,hilda ,s*ultz4 ,dea? ( ,mac,bane4 ,injury ( ,bond4 ,fire ext+ui%$4 ,?is is ! ord] 9 :i* ?+s occurr$ at ! fire4 ,h[ev]1 9 our lead1 we h drawn att5tion to our /ory by ann\nc+ t x conc]ns a fire 9 :i* a man 0 kill$2 ! dea? !re=e %\ld h fir/ place 9 ! body ( ! /ory4 ,h5ce1 9 ! second p>agraph imm$iately aft] ! lead1 we mu/ tell h[ ,mac,bane fell ?r\gh ! skylight & 0 suffocat$4 ,along ) 8 dea? we may z well tell h[ ,bond broke 8 arm try+ to rescue ,mac,bane4 ,our lead has also ann\nc$ two o!r injuries &1 h5ce1 !y mu/ be includ$ next--t is1 our ?ird p>agraph mu/ be devot$ to ! injury ( ,mrs4 ,jones & ! rescue ( ! unconsci\s ,hilda4 ,b z yet our details are hang+ 9 ! air because we h n said any?+ ab\t ! build+s or ! fire itself4 ,9 ! next p>agraph x w\ld be well to describe ! build+s & _! occupants & to give a v brief acc\nt ( ! c\rse ( ! fire--p]haps 9 ?is way3 ,flames 7 fir/ discov]$ 9 ! basem5t ( ! ,inc&esc5t build+ & be=e ! fire dep>tm5t arriv$ _h spread ?r\gh ! l[] floors & into ! adjo9+ ?ree-/ory build+4 ,! abs5ce ( elevator %afts & air-%afts enabl$ ! firem5 to ext+ui% ! blaze be=e x rea*$ ! upp] floors4 ,?is tells ! ma9 c\rse ( ! fire1 b !re are "s int]e/+ details to add3 fir/1 ! orig9 ( ! fire2 next1 ! discov]y2 !n m ab\t h[ ! fire spread2 & la/ly1 h[ ! fire 0 ext+ui%$4 ,our /ory by p>agraphs w\ld read z foll[s3 #a/ ,p>agraph--,! lead4 #b;d ,p>agraph--,dea? ( ,mac,bane & injury ( ,bond4 #c;d ,p>agraph--,mrs4 ,jones's injury & ,hilda's rescue4 #d? ,p>agraph--,build+s1 occupants1 brief c\rse ( fire4 #e? ,p>agraph--,detail$ acc\nt ( orig9 ( ! fire4 #f? ,p>agraph--,h[ ! fire 0 discov]$4 #g? ,p>agraph--,m ab\t ! spread & c\rse ( ! fire4 #h? ,p>agraph--,h[ ! fire 0 ext+ui%$4 #i? ,p>agraph--,loss1 insurance1 ext5t ( damage4 ,?us1 :ile tell+ ! /ory almo/ 9 its logical ord]1 we h pick$ out ! high spots ( int]e/ & cr[d$ !m to ! beg9n+4 ,our read]s w get ! facts j ab\t z fa/ z !y wi% to read !m & 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y wi% !m4 ,our /ory may be run 9 n9e p>agraphs or ev5 m2 or ! editor may sla% (f any?+ aft] ! f\r? p>agraph )\t tak+ away any ( ! ess5tial facts ( ! fire4 ,?is me?od ( tell+ w\ld fulfill all ! requirem5ts ( an ideal news /ory4 ,a simil> outl9e ( ! facts t any /ory mu/ pres5t w (t5 help a report] to tell 8 /ory z x %\ld be told4 ,aft] li/+ ! details he may numb] !m 9 _! ord] ( importance & *eck !m (f z he has told !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is idea ( ?r[+ ! emphasis & int]e/ to ! beg9n+ applies to ! individual p>agraphs & s5t5ces ( ! /ory1 z well4 ,ea* p>agraph mu/ beg9 /rongly & display its mo/ int]e/+ cont5t 9 ! fir/ l9e4 ,! emphatic "p ( ea* s5t5ce %\ld be ! beg9n+4 ,a glance at any newspap] column %[s :y ?is is necess>y4 ,! body ( a news /ory is ! place = ! report]'s skill & /yle4 ,he is giv5 all ! lib]ties ( ord9>y n>ration & %\ld make ! mo/ ( e ^w4 ,8 individual /yle comes into play "h4 ,if ! int]e/ c be increas$ by a bit ( dialogue ! report] may put x 94 ,if ! facts c be pres5t$ m effectively by means ( direct quotation1 ! words ( any "o :om ! report] has int]view$ may be ( int]e/4 ,h[ev]1 ^! ?+s mu/ n be ov]work$ because e trick ( writ+ loses its effectiv5ess :5 x is ov]work$4 ,dialogue us$ only to give facts :i* might be told m cle>ly 9 simple direct =m %\ld seldom be us$4 ,dialogue 9 a news /ory is us$ only to color ! /ory & n to reproduce ! int]views by :i* ! facts 7 obta9$4 ,9 ga!r+ ! facts ( a /ory x is sometimes necess>y to int]view a numb] ( p1 b ^! int]views %\ld n be quot$ 9 ! result+ /ory4 ,_m a gre5 report] tries to give 8 /ory "* by tell+ :at ! policeman on ! corn]1 ! janitor1 & a small boy 9 ! /reet told him ab\t ! incid5t4 ,he succe$s only 9 dragg+ out ! l5g? ( 8 /ory & confus+ ! read]4 ,aft] all1 ! purpose ( a newspap] is to give facts--& ! cle>] & ! m direct ! me?od ! bett] w be ! result4 ,9 /riv+ = cle>ness & int]e/ a report] mu/ rememb] t "o ( 8 greate/ assets is concret5ess ( expression4 ,( all =ms ( composition newspap] writ+ possesses probably ! greate/ opportunity = def9it5ess4 ,facts & ev5ts are its "o conc]n2 !ories & ab/ractions are beyond its range4 ,h5ce ! m def9ite & concrete its pres5tation ( facts1 ! bett] w be its effect4 ,! report] %\ld nev] g5]alize or pres5t 8 /atem5ts hazily & unc]ta9ly--a fact is a fact & mu/ be pres5t$ z su*4 ,he mu/ try to avoid su* expressions z sev]al1 _m1 a few--x is usually possible to give ! exact numb]4 ,he mu/ cont9ually ask himself h[ _m8 :at k9d8 exactly :58 exactly :at8 ,expressions l ab\t a doz51 ab\t ?irty ye>s old1 ab\t a week ago1 ab\t a block away1 are nev] s effective z ! exact facts & figures4 ,def9ite concrete details make a news /ory real & vivid4 ,! real report] ( news is ! "o :o c see a ?+ cle>ly & ) e detail & pres5t x z cle>ly & di/9ctly4 ,,viii ,,o!r ,,news ,,/ories ,! fire /ory is obvi\sly n ! only news /ory t is pr9t$ 9 a daily newspap]1 b a /udy ( its =m gives u a work+ k ( ! writ+ ( o!r news /ories4 ,! fire /ory is probably ! commone/ news /ory1 & x is by f> ! easie/ /ory to h&le1 = its =m has become some:at /&>diz$4 ,we "k j exactly :at our read]s want to "k ab\t ea* fire1 & )9 c]ta9 limits all fires1 z well z ! reports ( !m1 are v mu* alike4 ,!re is seldom m ?an "o fact or incid5t t makes "o fire diff]5t f ano!r & t fact we always seize z ! feature ( our report4 ,h[ev]1 ! fire /ory has be5 tak5 only z typical ( o!r news /ories4 ,n[ we are ready to /udy ! o!rs1 us+ ! fire /ory z our model 9 writ+ ! o!rs4 ,!re is a va/ numb] ( o!r /ories t we mu/ be able to write1 & !y lack ! conv5i5t uni=mity t fires h4 ,n only does e /ory h a diff]5t feature1 b x is conc]n$ ) a diff]5t k9d ( happ5+4 ,"o assignm5t may call = ! report ( an explosion1 ano!r ! report ( a bus9ess transaction1 & ano!r a murd]4 ,9 ea* "o we h to get ! facts & *oose ! mo/ /rik+ fact z our feature4 ,nev] c we resort to ! simple beg9n+ ,fire de/roy$1 b we mu/ f9d a diff]5t beg9n+ = ea* assignm5t4 ,j z 9 ! fire /ory1 ! lead ( any news /ory is ! mo/ important "p4 ,x mu/ beg9 ) ! mo/ /rik+ "p ( ! ev5t & answ] ! read]'s ,:]e8 ,:58 ,h[8 ,:y8 & ,:o8 conc]n+ x4 ,all ! rules t apply to ! fire lead apply to ! lead ( any /ory4 ,x w\ld be impossible to classify all ! news /ories t a newspap] mu/ pr9t4 ,! v ze/ ( report+ comes f ! *ang+ v>iety ( ! "w2 no two assignm5ts are ev] exactly alike--if !y 7 only "o w\ld be wor? pr9t+4 ,newspap]s !mselves make no attempt to classify ! ord9>y run ( news or to "w out a sy/ematic division ( labor2 a report] may be call$ ^u to cov] a fire1 a political meet+1 a murd]1 a bus9ess /ory1 all 9 ! same day4 ,ea* "o is simply a /ory & mu/ be cov]$ 9 ! same way t all ! re/ are cov]$--by _m int]views = facts4 ,= our /udy x may be well to divide news /ories into a few l>ge gr\ps4 ,! gr\ps ov]lap & are n entirely di/9ct1 b ! /ories 9 ea* gr\p h "s "o ?+ 9 common t may aid u 9 le>n+ h[ to write !m4 ,at mo/1 ! li/ is only a v incomplete summ>y ( ! m important k9ds ( news /ories & is int5d$ to be m]ely a sugge/ive way ( supply+ ! /ud5t ) necess>y practice4 #a4 ,accid5ts4--,accid5t /ories may be any?+ f a spra9$ ankle to a disa/r\s railroad wreck1 b !y all dep5d ^u "o elem5t = _! int]e/4 ,!y are all pr9t$ because p 9 g5]al are int]e/$ 9 ! injuries & dea?s ( o!r p--physical calamity is ! common gr\nd 9 all ^! /ories4 ,! numb] ( possible accid5ts is inf9ite1 b !re are "s common types t recur mo/ (t54 ,among ^! are3 railroad1 trolley1 railroad cross+ accid5ts2 runaways2 electrocutions2 explosions2 collapse ( build+s2 m>9e disa/]s2 cave-9 accid5ts2 elevator1 automobile1 aviation accid5ts4 ,! feature ( any accid5t /ory is always1 ( c\rse1 ! ?+ t made ! /ory wor? pr9t+1 & t is usually ! human life elem5t4 ,! feature ( an accid5t /ory is almo/ always ! numb] ( dead & injur$4 ,mo/ reports ( railroad wrecks beg9 ) ,t5 p]sons 7 kill$ & sev5te5 7 injur$ 9 a wreck1 etc4 ,! same is true ( any accid5t /ory2 if m ?an "o p]son is kill$ x is usually safe to beg9 ) ! numb] ( fatalities4 ,9 ?is connection x may be not$ t ! dea? ( railroad employees seldom makes a /ory wor? pr9t+2 !y may be includ$ 9 ! total numb]1 b if no pass5g]s are kill$1 fatalities among tra9m5 seldom give a /ory any news value4 ,accid5t /ories ( c\rse h _m o!r possible features2 newspap]s report _m accid5ts 9 :i* no "o is kill$4 ,9 t case "s o!r elem5t gives ! /ory news value & t elem5t mu/ be play$ up z ! feature4 ,p]haps x is ! mann] 9 :i* ! accid5t happ5$ or ! mann] 9 :i* a p]son 0 kill$ or injur$1 z 9 an automobile accid5t4 ,! cause ( ! accid5t may be ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! /ory3 tra9-wreck]s or a brok5 rail 9 a railroad wreck1 or ! cause ( an explosion4 ,v (t5 an accid5t is report$ simply because "s well-kn[n p]son 0 connect$ ) x 9 "s way2 ! "n !n becomes ! feature & comes into ! fir/ l9e4 ,a /ory may be wor? pr9t+ simply because ( ! unusual mann] ( rescue2 su* a feature is (t5 play$ up 9 /ories ( m>9e accid5ts1 cave-ins1 etc4 ,n infrequ5tly "s ( ! unusual att5dant circum/ances give a /ory news value3 e4g41 a policeman dragg$ f 8 horse & run ov] by an automobile :ile he is try+ to /op a runaway4 ,"h are "s accid5t /ories f ! newspap]s3 ,fatalities3 ,six m5 7 kill$ & a doz5 s]i\sly injur$ e>ly to-day by an outb\nd ,panh&le pass5g] tra9 cra%+ into ! re> end ( a ,*icago1 ,milwaukee & ,/4 ,paul /ock tra9 at ,twelf? & ,rockwell /reets4--,*icago ,record-,h]ald4 ,mann]3 ,run d[n by h] own automobile1 :i* %e 0 crank+1 at ,fir/ & ,g /reets1 nor?we/1 ,dr4 ,alma ,c4 ,arnold1 a *iropractic physician1 #hbe ,fifte5? /reet1 nor?we/1 0 =c$ aga9/ ! :eel ( a pass+ wagon & s]i\sly injur$ ?is morn+4--,wa%+ton ,times4 ,cause3 ,ov]-balanc$ by a granite /one weigh+ f\r tons1 ! entire cornice ov] ! we/ portico ( ! new we/ w+ ( ! capitol fell to ! gr\nd ?is aft]noon1 c>ry+ ) x ,daniel ,logan1 =eman = ! ,woodbury ,granite ,company4--,madison ,democrat4 ,att5dant ,circum/ances3 ,) a bla/ t %ook ! entire city & 0 believ$ by _m to be an e>?quake1 ?ree boil]s 9 ! new eng9e h\se ( ! ,pab/ brew]y on ,t5? /reet1 betwe5 ,*e/nut /reet & ,cold ,spr+ av5ue1 explod$ at ab\t #d o'clock ?is morn+4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 #b4 ,robb]ies4--,ano!r l>ge class ( news /ories is conc]n$ ) robb]ies ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,un=tunately = ! report]1 v few robb]ies are alike2 beyond ! common gr\nd ( ! int]e/ 9 ! am\nt /ol5 & ! clev]ness ( ! robb]'s "w1 !re is seldom any "o ?+ t may be look$ = z ! feature ( a robb]y /ory4 ,! report] mu/ decide :at 9 ! /ory makes x wor? pr9t+4 ,robb]y /ories may include any?+ f petty ?iev]y to bank default+4 ,"s ( ! possibilities are horse & automobile /eal+1 burgl>y1 hold-ups1 tra9 & /reet-c> robb]y1 embezzlem5t1 fraud1 kidnapp+1 safe-crack+1 %op & bank robb]y4 ,x is well = ! report] :o has to cov] a /ory ( ?is class to acqua9t himself ) ! di/9ctions t *>act]ize ! v>i\s k9ds ( robb]y & ! v>i\s names appli$ to ! p :o commit ?is sort ( crime3 e4g41 robb]1 ?ief1 b&it1 burgl>1 hold-up man1 ?ug1 embezzl]1 default]1 safe-crack]1 pick-pocket4 ,9 g5]al ! *ief int]e/ 9 robb]y /ories is 9 ! result ( ! "w--! am\nt tak5--usually accompani$ by a t]m to designate ! sort ( robb]y4 ,j h[ ! crime 0 committ$ is (t5 ! feature1 z 9 a tra9 robb]y or a clev] case ( fraud4 ,if ! victim or victims are at all well kn[n _! names may become ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+ 9 ! /ory--or ev5 ! "n ( a well-kn[n crim9al or b& ( robb]s4 ,9 "s /ories1 especially if ano!r pap] has already cov]$ ! /ory1 ! pursuit or capture ( ! crim9als is (t5 int]e/+2 ! /ories ( bank robb]ies (t5 beg9 9 ?is way4 ,o!r att5dant circum/ances1 su* z ! numb] ( p]sons :o witness$ ! crime1 may be ! feature4 ,9 hold-ups1 burgl>ies1 & crimes ( t sort1 ! dea? or w\nd+ ( ! victim is (t5 play$ up4 ,sometimes ! reason = ! crime1 z 9 a kidnapp+ case1 is ( great significance4 ,9 ! case ( a robb]y ( a bank or any o!r in/itution :i* dep5ds ^u cr$it = its bus9ess1 ! /ory usually beg9s )1 or at lea/ m5tions ne> ! beg9n+1 ! pres5t condition ( ! robb$ in/itution4 ,x is safe to say t 9 no case is ! "n ( ! crim9al1 ! mann] ( 8 arre/ 7if x is n unusual71 ! police /ation to :i* he 0 tak51 or ! *>ge pref]r$ aga9/ him wor? a place 9 ! lead4 ,"s robb]y /ories f ! daily press3 ,am\nt tak53 ,furs wor? #dj1jjj 7 /ol5 9 ! e>ly h\rs ( ye/]day morn+ )9 a /one's ?r[ ( ,madison ,squ>e4 ,app>5tly a gang 9 :i* !re 0 a woman exp]t 9 *oos+ only ! be/ furs c>ri$ (f ! co/ly sk9s1 etc4--,new ,york ,_w4 ,mann] ( hold-up3 ,seiz$ by ?ugs 9 broad daylight z he 0 cross+ ! railroad tracks at ! foot ( ,fir/ av5ue ea/1 ,fr$ ,butz]1 a /onemason ( ,butl]1 ,m9n41 0 ?r[n to ! gr\nd1 a gag plac$ 9 8 m\?1 8 pockets 7 rifl$ ( #cf4--;,dulu? ,news-,tribune4 ,unusual sort ( pickpocket3 ,a "y man 9 ev5+ dress1 :o 0 go+ d[n into ! subway /ation at ,times ,squ>e ) ! !at] cr[d t fill$ ! entrance j outside ( ! ,hotel ,knick]bock] e>ly la/ night1 paus$1 knock$ a woman "u ! *9 & took away h] silv] *atela9e purse conta9+ #bj z deftly z he might h flick$ ! a% (f 8 cig>ette4 ,!n he disappe>$4--,new ,york ,times4 ,unusual ?ieves3 ,two girl ?ieves n m ?an twelve ye>s old & small 9 /ature = _! age h be5 op]at+ ) great success 9 ! diff]5t /ores 9 ! neighborhood ( ,am/]dam av5ue & ,sev5ty-n9? /reet4 ,five or six !fts1 etc4--,new ,york ,telegram4 ,pursuit & capture3 ,aft] a *ase along ,=ty-second /reet & up ! /eps ( ! ,hotel ,manhattan1 a woman1 :o said %e 0 ,sadie ,br[n1 ?irty-?ree ye>s old1 ( ,no4 #bae ,we/ ,=ty-six? /reet1 0 arre/$ e>ly today on suspicion ( hav+ pick$ ! pocket ( a man at1 etc4--,new ,york ,telegram4 ,pres5t conditions ( robb$ bank 7second p>agraph ( an embezzlem5t /ory73 ,bank+ ,commission] ,watk9s ?is aft]noon decl>$ t he f\nd ! bank p]fectly s\nd1 t all comm]cial pap] 0 f\nd intact1 t none ( ! acc\nts h be5 juggl$ & t no erasures ( any k9d 7 discov]$4--,philadelphia ,inquir]4 ,unusual sort ( burgl>3 ,we>+ a ,salvation ,army uni=m1 a burgl> 0 caught e>ly ye/]day 9 ! home ( ,walt] ,katte1 a vice-presid5t ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral railroad1 at ,irv+ton-on-!-,hudson4--,new ,york ,_w4 #c4 ,murd]4--,! reports ( crimes ( ?is sort c h>dly be classifi$1 = !re are s _m ?+s t may be wor? featur+ 9 any murd] case4 ,! /ory itself is usually ( su* importance t ! m]e fact t a murd] has be5 committ$ gives x news value ev5 if !re is no?+ unusual 9 ! crime--j z 9 ! case ( a featureless fire /ory t beg9s ) ,fire4 ,! h&l+ ( a crime dep5ds ^u ! "* & circum/ances2 ! report] mu/ weigh ! facts 9 ea* case = himself4 ,h[ev]1 we usually f9d a feature 9 ! numb] ( p]sons murd]$1 ! mann] 9 :i* ! crime 0 committ$1 ! "n ( ! victim1 if he or %e is well kn[n1 ! reason = ! de$1 or 9 "s ( ! _m att5dant circum/ances1 su* z arre/1 pursuit1 etc4 ,"o rule mu/ always be foll[$ 9 ! report+ ( a murd] /ory3 ! report] mu/ conf9e himself to ! necess>y facts & omit z _m ( ! gruesome details z possible4 ,he mu/ tell x 9 a cold1 h>d-he>t$ way )\t elaboration1 = ! /ory 9 itself is gruesome en\gh4 ,j z soon z a murd] /ory beg9s to exp& ^u %ock+ details x becomes ! wor/ sort ( a yell[ /ory4 ,examples ( murd] /ories f ! newspap]s3 ,mann]3 ,aft] cru%+ 9 ! head ( 8 sup]ior (fic] ) an axe1 ,james ,layton1 boatswa9 ( ! ,liv]pool sail+ %ip ,colony1 refus$ to submit to arre/1 &1 /ill wav+ ! bloody weapon1 committ$ suicide by jump+ into ! sea4--,new ,york ,mail4 ,motive3 ,9 rev5ge = a beat+ he receiv$ ! day be=e1 ,gaetona ,ambrifi ye/]day %ot & in/antly kill$ ,frank ,ricciliano1 a sub-section =eman on ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 :ile !y 7 work+ on ! roadb$ ne> ,p$dle /reet1 ,new>k4--,new ,york ,sun4 ,prom95t "n3 ,mayor ,william ,j4 ,gaynor ( ,new ,york ,city 0 %ot & s]i\sly1 p]haps fatally1 w\nd$ on bo>d ! /eam] ,kais] ,wilhelm d] ,grosse at #i3cj z he 0 sail+ = ,europe4 ,result+ pursuit3 ,! police ( ,brooklyn h ano!r murd] my/]y to unravel ?r\gh ! f9d+ e>ly today ( ! body ( ,pet] ,b>illa on ,l9coln road1 ne> ,no/r& av5ue1 ,flatbu%4 ,!re 7 two bullet w\nds 9 ! body & f\r /ab w\nds 9 ! back4--,brooklyn ,eagle4 ,att5dant circum/ances3 ,a hundr$ or m p]sons :o 7 ab\t to take tra9s witness$ ! %oot+ to dea? ( a ,j]sey ,city bus9ess man 9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad /ation !re ?is aft]noon4--,new ,york ,mail4 #d4 ,suicide4--,:at is true ( murd] /ories is also true ( suicide4 ,ea* individual case has an unusual feature ( its own4 ,we ord9>ily f9d a good beg9n+ 9 ! mann] ( ! suicide1 ! "n ( ! p]son :o has kill$ himself if he is well kn[n1 ! reason = ! act1 or "s "o ( ! att5dant circum/ances--(t5 ! mann] ( resuscitation if ! crime is unsuccessful4 ,= "s unexpla9$ reason _m pap]s d n pr9t acc\nts ( ord9>y suicides1 except :5 ! individual is prom95t4 ,at any rate ! /ory mu/ be told )\t gruesome details & z briefly z possible4 ,examples f ! press3 ,"n3 ,william ,l4 ,murray ( ,rockview av5ue1 ,nor? ,pla9field1 pay+ tell] ( ! ,empire ,tru/ ,company ( ,new ,york1 committ$ suicide at ,scot* ,pla9s e>ly ?is aft]noon by %oot+ himself 9 ! head4 ,no reason is assign$ = ! act4--,new ,york ,sun4 ,motive3 ,driv5 insane by cont9u$ brood+ ov] ill heal?1 ,miss ,ada ,em]son1 a =m] tea*] 9 ! ,beloit city s*ools1 kill$ h]self 9 a cr[d$ int]urban c> ,saturday aft]noon by sla%+ h] ?roat ) a razor4--,beloit ,free ,press4 ,"h ! mann] is ! feature1 b x is n play$ up 9 ! fir/ l9e because x is too horrible4 #e4 ,big ,/ories4--,! big /ories ( cata/rophes are usually h&l$ on a l>ge scale--play$ up1 z ! newspap] m5 say4 ,! /ory 9 itself is ( suffici5t importance to make x unnecess>y to play up any s+le feature ( ! /ory4 ,h[ev]1 ! report]1 9 look+ = a good beg9n+1 (t5 f9ds x 9 ! mo/ />tl+ fact 9 ! /ory4 ,if he is report+ a riot he usually beg9s ) ! numb] ( kill$ or injur$1 ! am\nt ( prop]ty de/roy$1 ! "* ( ! riot1 or ! cause1 z 9 ?is example3 ,9 an ef=t to br+ ab\t ! re9/atem5t ( "o ( _! numb] :o _h be5 dis*>g$ = non-unionism1 a hundr$ or m j\rneym5 bak]s wreck$ ! bake%op ( ,p9cus ,jacobs1 at ,no4 #aega ,lex+ton av5ue1 e>ly ?is morn+4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,9 ! case ( a /orm ! human life elem5t is ( greate/ importance1 !n ! damage to prop]ty1 & la/1 ! peculi> circum/ances4 ,= example3 ,,clevel&1 ,dec4 #aa4--;,fifty-n9e lives 7 ! co/ ( a /orm :i* pass$ ov] ,lake ,erie ,w$nesday night & ,?ursday1 & m ?an #a1jjj1jjj wor? ( vessel prop]ty 0 de/roy$4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,if ! /ory is conc]n$ ) a flood ! human-life elem5t is fir/1 !n ! damage1 ! cause1 ! freaks ( ! flood1 or ! pres5t situation4 ,= example3 ,,p>k]sburg1 ,w4 ,va41 ,m>* #aj4--,?ree p]sons are kn[n to h p]i%$ 9 a flood :i* swept d[n ^u ! city on ,friday :5 two wat] res]voirs on ,prospect ,hill bur/ )\t w>n+4 ,=ty h\ses 7 de/roy$ & _m p]sons are miss+4 ,! prop]ty damage w be ne>ly #ejj1jjj4 #f4 ,police ,c\rt ,news4--,! ord9>y run ( police c\rt news is 9 a class by itself4 ,usually ! only news value 9 ! /ory dep5ds ^u "s unusual incid5t or circum/ance t attracts ! att5tion ( ! report]4 ,?is is ( c\rse ! s\rce ( _m ( ! /ories ( crime1 m5tion$ be=e1 b _m /ories turn up at ! police c\rts :i* are n conc]n$ ) crime1 al?\gh 9 "s cases !y are conc]n$ ) crim9als4 ,9 ?is field ( report+ !re are _m opportunities = ! human-int]e/ /ory :i* w be tak5 up 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,:5 ! incid5t is report$ 9 an ord9>y news /ory ! feature is usually 9 "s att5dant circum/ance & ! /ory might well be class$ ) "o ( ! above gr\ps4 ,"h are two examples f ! daily press3 ,because he did n h suffici5t money to buy fl[]s = 8 swee!>t1 ,h5ry ,trupke1 ag$ #ba ye>s1 =g$ a *eck = #bb4ej on a groc]1 ,j4 ,sieb]li*1 #gha ,?ird /reet1 & aft] a week's *ase 0 caught la/ night z he got (f a ,wiscons9 ,c5tral tra94--,milwaukee ,s5t9el4 ,b a few h\rs be=e receiv+ a s5t5ce ( two ye>s 9 ! h\se ( correction = /eal+ furs f ! /ore ( ,lohse ,bros41 #aag ,wiscons9 /reet1 ,john ,g>n]1 self-confess$ ?ief1 0 m>ri$ to ,rose ,/rean1 "o ( ! witnesses 9 ! case1 :i* 0 tri$ ye/]day 9 ! municipal c\rt4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 #g4 ,reports ( ,meet+s1 ,conf]5ces1 ,decisions1 etc4--,?is gr\p includes all reports ( meet+s1 or conf]5ces1 ( bodies ( any sort1 political or o!rwise1 reports ( judicial or legislative he>+s or decisions1 or ann\ncem5ts ( resolutions pass$4 ,su* z3 ,,wa%+ton1 ,jan4 #ae4--;,acquisition ( ! telegraph l9es by ! gov]nm5t & _! op]ation z a "p ( ! po/al sy/em is ! late/ idea ( ,po/ma/] ,g5]al ,hit*cock4 ,ann\ncem5t 0 made today t a resolution to ?is effect w be (f]$ to ,congress at ! pres5t session4--,wiscons9 ,/ate ,j\rnal4 ,!re is always "o ?+ 9 ^! /ories t gives !m news value--! purpose or result ( ! conf]5ce1 he>+1 or ann\ncem5t4 ,?is purpose or result1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be play$ up4 ,! "o po9t t ! report] %\ld rememb] is t a well-writt5 lead beg9s ) ! result or purpose ( ! meet+ or ann\ncem5t r ?an ) ! "n ( ! meet+ or ! "n ( ! body t makes ! ann\ncem5t4 ,nev] beg9 a /ory ?us3 ,at a meet+ ( ! ,press ,club held 9 ! ,auditorium la/ night x 0 resolv$ t---- ,transpose ! s5t5ce & beg9 ) a /atem5t ( :at 0 resolv$4 ,9 ! foll[+ /ory ! ord] is wrong3 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?r\gh ! op9ion deliv]$ by ,ju/ice ,v&evant]1 today decl>$ con/itutional ! employ]s' liability law ( #aijh4 ,! import ( ! decision is buri$2 x %\ld be writt5 ?us3 ,! employ]s' liability law ( #aijh 0 today decl>$ con/itutional by ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ju/ice ,v&evant] deliv]$ ! op9ion ( ! c\rt1 made 9 f\r cases4 ,9 ^! /ories1 z 9 all o!r news /ories1 ! lead mu/ beg9 ) ! fact or /atem5t t gives ! /ory news value4 ,bury+ ?is fact or /atem5t beh9d two or ?ree l9es ( explanation spoils ! effectiv5ess ( ! lead4 ,a /ud5t ( j\rnalism may ga9 v good practice 9 ! writ+ ( news /ories by look+ ov] ! leads t appe> 9 ! daily pap]s & transpos+ ^? leads :i* bury _! news beh9d explanations4 ,! fir/ l9e ( type 9 a lead is l a %op's %[ w9d[ & x mu/ n be us$ = ! display ( pack+ cases4 #h4 ,/ories on ,o!r ,pr9t$ ,matt]4--,a l>ge "p ( a newspap]'s space1 especially 9 small] cities1 is devot$ to /ories bas$ on pr9t$ bullet9s1 ann\ncem5ts1 city directories1 legislative bills1 & publi%$ reports ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,sometimes a news /ory is writt5 ^u a pamphlet t 0 issu$ = adv]tis+ purposes--because !re is "s news 9 x4 ,9 all ( ^! /ories ! report] mu/ look ?r\gh ! pamphlet to f9d some?+ ( news value or some?+ t has a significant relation to o!r news4 ,small] pap]s (t5 pr9t /ories on ! new city directory2 ! increase or decrease 9 population is treat$ z news & a v int]e/+ /ory may be writt5 on a comp>ison ( ! names 9 ! directory4 ,9 univ]sity t[ns ! appe>ance ( a new univ]sity catalog or bullet9 ( any sort is ! occasion = a /ory :i* po9ts out ! new features or comp>es ! new bullet9 ) a previ\s "o4 ,report]s & correspond5ts 9 political c5t]s1 l /ate capitals1 get out /ories on committee & legislative reports & on new bills t are propos$ or pass$ by ! legislature4 ,! writ+ ( ^! /ories is v mu* l ! report+ ( a spee*1 :i* w be discuss$ lat]4 ,! newe/ or mo/ int]e/+ feature 9 ! report or bill is play$ up 9 ! lead z ! feature ( ! /ory1 foll[$ by ! s\rce ( ! /ory1 ! pr9t$ bullet9 ^u :i* ! /ory is bas$2 ?us3 ,a new plan = plac+ ! control ( all wat] p[] 9 ! /ate 9 ! h&s ( ! legislature 0 propos$ 9 ! m9ority report ( ,s5ators ,j4 ,b4 ,smi? & ,l4 ,c4 ,blake1 ( ! special legislative committee on dra9age1 issu$ today4 ,^! eight classes ( news /ories d n include all ! news /ories t a newspap] pr9ts1 b !y are 9 a way typical ( all ! o!rs t are n m5tion$4 ,x w be not$ f ^! t all news /ories1 j l ! fire /ory1 are usually writt5 9 ab\t ! same way4 ,ea* "o has a lead :i* beg9s ) ! feature ( ! /ory--i4e41 ! fact or incid5t 9 ! /ory :i* gives x news value & makes x ( int]e/--& concludes by answ]+ ! read]'s que/ions1 :51 :]e1 :o1 h[1 :y1 conc]n+ ! feature4 ,ea* /ory beg9s aga9 aft] ! lead1 & 9 "o or m p>agraphs expla9s1 describes1 or n>rates ! incid5t 9 detail & 9 logical ord]4 ,?is body ( ! /ory :i* foll[s ! lead1 :ile foll[+ 9 g5]al ! logical ord]1 is s writt5 t its mo/ int]e/+ facts are ne> ! beg9n+ & its int]e/ dw9dles away t[>d ! end4 ,?is is to enable ! editor 9 mak+ up 8 pap]1 to take away f ! end ( any /ory1 z we h se5 be=e1 a p>agraph or m )\t spoil+ ! /ory's cont9uity or depriv+ x ( any ( its ess5tial facts4 ,! =m ( ! conv5tional fire /ory may be us$ z a model 9 ! writ+ ( any news /ory4 ,9 writ+ ! body ( a /ory to expla91 describe1 or n>rate ! incid5t m5tion$ 9 ! lead1 e ef=t %\ld be direct$ t[>d cle>ness4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true ( /ories :i* are 9 ! ma9 n>rations ( action4 ,! numb] ( facts t may be includ$ mu/ dep5d ^u ! l5g? ( ! /ory2 if all ( ! facts _c be includ$ )\t ov]burd5+ ! /ory1 cut out "s ( ! details ( less] importance1 b treat ^? t are includ$ 9 a cle> readable way4 ,%ort s5t5ces are always mu* bett] 9 newspap] writ+ ?an long involv$ s5t5ces4 ,pron\ns %\ld always be us$ 9 su* a way t !re c be no d\bt 9 reg>d to _! antec$5ts4 ,if a relative clause or p>ticipial expression s\nds awkw>d make a sep>ate s5t5ce ( x4 ,9 o!r words1 be simple1 concise1 & cle>--t is bett] 9 a newspap] ?an mu* f9e writ+4 ,,ix ,,foll[-,,up ,,& ,,rewrite ,,/ories ,! t]ms rewrite /ory & foll[-up1 or foll[1 /ory1 are names :i* newspap] m5 apply to ! reha%$ or revis$ v]sions ( o!r news /ories4 ,a l>ge newspap] (fice employs "o or m rewrite m5 :o sp5d _! entire "t rewrit+ /ories4 ,to be sure1 a "p ( _! "w consi/s ( rewrit+1 or simply reca/+1 poorly writt5 copy prep>$ by ! report]s4 ,b ! major "p ( _! "w1 ! "p t int]e/s u1 involves some?+ m ?an t4 ,x involves ! rejuv5ation ( /ories t h be5 pr9t$ 9 a previ\s edition or 9 ano!r pap]1 ) ! purpose ( br++ ! news up to ! pres5t mom5t4 ,news ages v rapidly4 ,:at may be news = "o edition is no long] news :5 ano!r edition goes to press an h\r lat]4 ,a feature t may be wor? play+ up 9 a morn+ pap] w\ld n h ! same news value 9 an ev5+ pap] ( ! same day4 ,! news gr[s /ale s quickly because new ?+s are cont9ually happ5+ & new developm5ts are cont9ually *ang+ ! aspect ( previ\s /ories4 ,if a /ory has be5 run ?r\gh two or ?ree editions & new developm5ts h *ang$ x1 ! /ory is turn$ ov] to a rewrite man = consequ5t alt]ation4 ,a /ory 9 a morn+ pap] is no long] news = an ev5+ pap] ( ! same date1 b a clev] rewrite man1 ) or )\t new developm5ts add$ to ! /ory1 c reca/ x s t x w appe> to conta9 m rec5t news ?an ! orig9al /ory4 ,! /ory ( an arre/ 9 a morn+ pap] beg9s ) ! p>ticul>s ( ! arre/2 b :5 ! ev5+ pap]'s rewrite man has re>rang$ x = 8 pap] x has become ! /ory ( ! trial or ! police c\rt he>+ :i* foll[$ ! arre/4 ,p]haps ! ev5+ pap] s5ds a man to get ! lat] developm5ts 9 ! case1 b e rewrite man kn[s ! /eps t always foll[ an arre/ & he c rewrite ! orig9al /ory )\t additional in=mation4 ,8 acc\nt ( ! lat] developm5ts is call$ ei!r a rewrite or a foll[-up /ory1 dep5d+ ^u ! me?od employ$4 ,! same fundam5tal idea ( rejuv5at+ ! =m] /ory gov]ns ! prep>ation ( bo? ! rewrite & ! foll[-up /ory1 b :ile ! rewrite /ory conta9s no additional news1 ! foll[-up pres5ts lat] facts 9 addition to ! old news4 #a4 ,! ,rewrite ,/ory4--,! rewrite /ory is prim>ily a reha%+ ( a previ\s news /ory )\t additional facts4 ,x attempts to give a new twi/ to old facts 9 ord] to br+ !m ne>] to ! pres5t "t4 ,)\t ! aid ( lat] facts ! rewrite man c only select a new feature & revise ! old facts4 ,= example1 suppose t a #ajj1jjj gra9 elevator burns dur+ ! night4 ,! fire w\ld make a big /ory 9 a city ( mod]ate size & ! pap]s next morn+ w\ld treat x at l5g?4 ,if no "o 7 kill$ or injur$ ! /ory w\ld probably beg9 ) a simple ann\ncem5t ( ! fire 9 a lead ( ?is k9d3 ,fire de/roy$ ! gra9 elevator ( ! ,h4 ,p4 ,jones ,produce ,company1 ,fir/ & ,wat] /reets1 & #ej1jjj wor? ( :eat at #b o'clock ?is morn+4 ,! total loss is e/imat$ at #aej1jjj4 ,!n ! report] w\ld describe ! fire at l5g?1 includ+ all obta9able facts4 ,by aft]noon almo/ e "o 9 ! city has read ! /ory--& yet ! aft]noon pap]s mu/ pr9t some?+ ab\t ! big fire4 ,if no new facts c be obta9$ ! previ\s /ory mu/ be reha%$ & pres5t$ ) a new feature t w make x appe> to be a lat] /ory4 ,x is useless to beg9 ! ev5+ /ory ) a m]e ann\ncem5t ( ! fire1 = t is no long] news1 & ! rewrite man mu/ f9d a new beg9n+ to attract ! att5tion ( 8 read]s4 ,p]haps 9 look+ ov] ! morn+ /ory1 he f9ds t ! fire 0 ! result ( spontane\s combu/ion 9 ! gra9 /or$ 9 ! elevator4 ,9 ! morn+ /ory ?is fact 0 r insignificant 9 ! face ( ! huge loss1 & mo/ read]s pass$ ov] x ha/ily4 ,! rewrite man1 h[ev]1 :o has no lat] facts at 8 comm&1 may seize x z a new feature4 ,in/ead ( beg9n+ 8 /ory ) ! fact ( ! fire1 :i* is already kn[n1 he beg9s ) ! cause1 :i* appe>s to be lat] news4 ,8 lead may be z foll[s3 ,spontane\s combu/ion 9 ! :eat b9s ( ! ,h4 ,p4 ,jones ,produce ,company's elevator1 ,fir/ & ,wat] /reets1 />t$ ! fire :i* de/roy$ ! entire /ructure ) a loss ( #aej1jjj ?is morn+4 ,or if ! rewrite man is n s =tunate z to discov] a new feature z good z ?is1 he may h to resort to beg9n+ ) a picture ( ! pres5t results ( ! fire--?us3 ,sm\ld]+ ru9s & a tangl$ mass ( /eel beams are all t rema9 ( ! ,h4 ,p4 ,jones ,produce ,company's #ajj1jjj gra9 elevator1 ,fir/ & ,wat] /reets1 :i* 0 de/roy$ by fire ?is morn+4 ,x w be notic$ t1 :ile ^! new rewrite leads beg9 ) a new feature1 ea* new lead conta9s all ! facts pres5t$ 9 ! previ\s lead & is told ) an eye to ! man :o has n read ! e>li] acc\nt4 ,aft] ! lead ! rewrite man retells ! :ole /ory = ! b5efit ( read]s :o did n see ! morn+ pap]s & re>ranges ! facts s t !y appe> new to ^? :o read ! previ\s /ories4 ,facts :i* ! o!r pap]s buri$ he une>?s & displays2 details :i* appe> to be lat] developm5ts he cr[ds to ! beg9n+4 ,! :ole /ory is sort$ & rewritt5 9 a new ord] & ) a new emphasis4 ,! result is a rewrite /ory :i* appe>s to be lat]1 al?\gh x conta9s no new facts at all4 ,x is seldom1 ( c\rse1 t su* a rewrite /ory is us$ = local news1 = v r>ely is x impossible = a lat] pap] to discov] new facts4 ,b 9 ! case ( news f ! outside _w1 f o!r cities1 ! simple me?od ( reha%+ old facts mu/ (t5 be resort$ to4 ,if ! /ory is bas$ ^u a s+le dispat* ann\nc+ an e>?quake 9 ,hawaii or a %ipwreck 9 mid-ocean1 _m rewrite /ories mu/ be pr9t$ on ! same facts be=e ano!r message br+s lat] news & additional details4 ,an example ( ?is is ! treatm5t ( ! fir/ few /ories ( ! wreck ( ! ,:ite ,/> l9] ,titanic4 ,! /ory 0 a big "o1 b ! fir/ dispat*es 7 v meag] & _m reha%+s ( ^! few facts _h to be pr9t$ be=e lat] & m def9ite news c\ld be obta9$4 ,! simple rewrit+ ( an old /ory ord9>ily involves a cond5sation ( ! facts4 ,if a morn+ pap] pr9t$ two ?\s& words on ! gra9 elevator fire above1 an aft]noon pap] ( ! same day w\ld h>dly treat ! /ory at su* l5g?4 ,= ! /ory is no long] big news4 ,if a /ory has run ?r\gh ! fir/ editions ( a morn+ pap] x w\ld be cut d[n1 z well z reha%$1 9 ! lat] editions ( ! same pap]4 ,! /ory ( ! fire loses its initial bur/ ( int]e/ aft] ! fir/ pr9t+1 & only ! ess5tial facts & ! facts t c be rejuv5at$ c be repr9t$4 ,! #b1jjj-^w v]sion 9 ! morn+ pap] may be wor? only five hundr$ words or less f\r h\rs lat]4 #b4 ,! ,foll[-up ,/ory4--,if new facts are add$ to a /ory betwe5 editions ! new v]sion is no long] a simple rewrite /ory4 ,x becomes a foll[-up /ory1 = x foll[s up ! subsequ5t developm5ts 9 ! previ\s /ory & corresponds to ! second or succe$+ in/allm5ts ( a s]ial novel 9 :i* ea* in/allm5t beg9s ) a synopsis ( previ\s *apt]s4 ,= example1 if1 9 ! gra9 elevator fire /ory1 ! body ( a wat*man 7 f\nd 9 ! ru9s aft] ! morn+ pap]s h gone to press1 ! /ory w\ld imm$iately h a diff]5t news value = ! ev5+ pap]s4 ,! /ory ( ! big fire is old1 b ! discov]y ( ! body is new4 ,h5ce ! rewrite man w\ld beg9 ) ! lat] developm5t--p]haps ?us3 ,! body ( a wat*man 0 f\nd ?is aft]noon 9 ! ru9s ( ! ,h4 ,p4 ,jones ,produce elevator1 :i* burn$ to ! gr\nd ?is morn+ ) a loss ( #aej1jjj4 ,! new /ory1 :ile retell+ ! pr9cipal facts 9 ! previ\s acc\nt1 w\ld give prom95ce to ! late/ news1 ! discov]y ( ! body4 ,z an example f a newspap]1 let u take ! foll[-up ( a murd] my/]y4 ,! fir/ /ories on ?is murd] simply said t a groc] _h be5 f\nd dead 9 ! cell> ( 8 /ore & murd] _h be5 sugge/$4 ,! foll[-up on ! next day 7pr9t$ "h7 deals ) a new developm5t--has a new feature--& c>ries ! /ory "o /ep fur!r 9 ! attempt to unravel ! my/]y3 ,developm5ts ye/]day 9 ! /ory ( ! kill+ ( ,james ,:ite1 ! ,p>k /reet groc]1 t5d$ to support ! cont5tion ( ,coron] ,donalds & ! police t ,:ite 0 n murd]$1 b di$ by 8 own h&4 #c4 ,analysis4--,s f> we h treat$ ! rewrite /ory & ! foll[-up /ory sep>ately1 b = ! purposes ( analysis & /udy !y may be treat$ toge!r1 because ! same fundam5tal idea gov]ns bo?4 ,dissection ( ! foll[-up /ory w also %[ u :at ! rewrite /ory is made (4 ,f ! above clipp+s x w be se5 t ! lead ( ! foll[-up /ory is v mu* l t ( any news /ory4 ,! lead has its feature 9 ! fir/ l9e & answ]s ! read]'s que/ions conc]n+ t feature4 ,x is simply a new /ory writt5 on an old subject :i* has be5 giv5 a new feature to make x appe> new4 ,fur!rmore1 x w be notic$ t ! lead ( ! foll[-up /ory is complete 9 itself1 )\t ! orig9al /ory t prec$$ x4 ,al?\gh ! :ole idea ( ! foll[ /ory is bas$ on ! supposition t all read]s h read e edition ( ! pap] & are !re=e acqua9t$ ) ! orig9al /ory1 yet = ! b5efit ( ^? read]s :o h n read ! previ\s /ory1 ! foll[-up mu/ be complete & cle> 9 itself4 ,new facts are introduc$ into ! foll[ /ory1 b its lead tells ! ma9 facts ( ! orig9al /ory s t no read] w be at loss to und]/& :at x is all ab\t--9 o!r words1 x gives a synopsis ( previ\s *apt]s4 ,9 _m foll[-up /ories ! new developm5ts are supplem5t$ by an entire retell+ ( ! orig9al /ory4 ,?is is especially true :5 "o pap] is rewrit+ a /ory :i* broke too late = its prec$+ edition & 0 cov]$ by a rival pap]4 ,at any rate1 e foll[-up /ory1 l e o!r news /ory1 mu/ be s con/ruct$ z to /& by itself )\t previ\s explanation4 ,( ! #adb bodies ( victims ( ! ,triangle ,wai/ ,company's fire on ,saturday1 t _h be5 tak5 to ! morgue up to noon ye/]day :5 x 0 decid$ t all ! dead _h be5 recov]$1 all b #de _h be5 id5tifi$ today4 ,?is is a foll[-up ( a /ory two days be=e4 ,e read] ( ! pap] probably knew ev]y?+ t _h be5 pr9t$ previ\sly ab\t ! fire1 & yet ?is lead v c>efully recalls ! fire to ! read]'s m9d4 ,lat] 9 ! /ory ! pr9cipal facts ( ! orig9al /ory are retold z if !y 7 new & unkn[n4 ,x is int]e/+ to see :at 9 any giv5 newspap] /ory c be foll[$ up = a lat] /ory4 ,! w\ld-be report] may get good practice 9 writ+ foll[-up /ories f ! m]e attempt to /udy out ! next /ep 9 any giv5 new /ory4 ,) ?is next /ep z 8 feature he may try to write a foll[-up /ory )\t additional in=mation1 & !n comp>e x ) o!r foll[-up /ories4 ,= e news /ory conta9s )9 x clues to :at may be expect$ to foll[4 ,:5 any s]i\s fire occurs c]ta9 additional facts may always be expect$ to foll[4 ,! f9d+ ( m dead1 ! unravell+ ( a my/]i\s orig91 ! re-/atem5t ( ! loss1 & ! pres5t condition ( ! injur$ are "s ( ! possibilities t a rewrite man consid]s :5 he tries to prep>e a foll[-up /ory on a fire4 ,! ,wa%+ton ,place fire 9 ,new ,york on ,m>* #be1 #aiaa1 furni%$ admirable mat]ial = ! /udy ( ! rewrit+ ( fire /ories4 ,! fire occurr$ on ,saturday aft]noon too late = any?+ b ! ,sunday editions4 ,! orig9al /ory z x appe>$ 9 ! ,sunday pap]s & ! ,monday issues1 ( pap]s :i* _h no ,sunday editions1 began l ?is3 ,"o hundr$ & =ty-"o p]sons are dead z a result ( a fire :i* on ,saturday aft]noon swept ! ?ree upp] floors ( ! factory l(t build+ at ! nor?we/ corn] ( ,wa%+ton place & ,gre5e /reet4 ,m ?an ?ree-qu>t]s ( ?is numb] are wom5 & girls1 :o 7 employ$ 9 ! ,triangle ,%irt ,wai/ factory1 :]e ! fire orig9at$4--,bo/on ,transcript1 ,monday4 ,! ,monday /ories on ! fire foll[$ up v>i\s phases z %[n 9 ! foll[+4 ,ea* "o :ile indicat+ t ! /ory 0 a foll[-up retold ! pr9cipal incid5ts 9 ! fire4 ,! dea? li/ 9 ! ,wa%+ton place & ,gre5e /reet fire 0 swell$ today to #ade1 a majority ( ! victims be+ "y girls4--,monday morn+--second /ory4 ,at dawn today x 0 e/imat$ t #be1jjj p]sons _h visit$ ! tempor>y morgue on ! cov]$ pi] at ! foot ( ,ea/ ,tw5ty-six? /reet1 set aside to receive ! bodies ( ^? :o p]i%$ 9 ! ,wa%+ton place fire on ,saturday aft]noon4--,monday morn+--second /ory4 ,! horror ( ! fire 9 ! t5-/ory l(t build+ at ,wa%+ton place & ,gre5e /reet late ,saturday aft]noon1 ) its heavy toll ( human lives1 gr[s black] ea* succe$+ h\r4--,monday aft]noon4 ,( ! #adb bodies 9 ! morgue z a result ( ! ,triangle ,%irt ,wai/ factory fire1 all b fifty _h be5 id5tifi$ ?is morn+4--,monday aft]noon4 ,on ,tuesday o!r l9es op5$ up = ! rewrite man3 ,sift+ d[n ! great mass ( te/imony at _! disposal1 city & c\nty (ficials hop$ today to draw clos] to ! s\rce ( responsibility = ,saturday's factory fire horror 9 :i* #adb p]sons lo/ _! lives4 ,inve/igations />t$ ye/]day4--,tuesday aft]noon4 ,) all b tw5ty-eight ( ! victims ( ! ,triangle ,%irt ,wai/ factory horror id5tifi$1 ,di/rict ,attorney ,:itman cont9ues /eadily compil+ evid5ce4 ,fun]als = scores ( victims are be+ held today1 :ile ! relief fund1 etc4--,tuesday aft]noon4 ,bor\gh ,presid5t ,mc,aneny ( ,manhattan1 ! di/rict attorney's /aff1 ! fire m>%al1 ! coron] & ! /ate labor dep>tm5t are b5d+ e en]gy t[>d fix+ ! blame = ! loss ( ! #adb lives 9 !1 etc4--,tuesday aft]noon4 ,union labor1 horrifi$ by ! full realization t ! wa/e ( human life 9 ! ,triangle ,wai/ factory fire might h be5 sav$ _h exi/+ laws be5 en=c$1 today arrang$ = a mon/] demon/ration ( prote/1 etc4--,tuesday aft]noon4 ,& s ! /ories ran = _m days until newspap] read]s _h lo/ all int]e/ 9 ! fire4 ,mo/ ( ! /ories 7 simply retell+s ( ! orig9al /ory ) a new bit ( in=mation 9 ! lead4 ,p 7 rav5\s = m details ab\t ! fire & ! foll[ /ories suppli$ !m until !y 7 satisfi$4 ,r>ely is a fire wor? s _m retell+s4 ,a s]i\s accid5t is (t5 foll[$ up 9 "o or m editions4 ,if _m p are kill$ or injur$1 ! revis$ li/ ( dead or ! pres5t condition ( ! injur$ always furni%es mat]ial = a foll[-up4 ,sometimes ! fix+ ( ! blame1 z 9 a railroad accid5t1 or o!r result+ features are us$ z ! basis ( ! rewrit+4 ,9 ! case ( a robb]y ! commone/ mat]ial = a foll[-up /ory is ! result+ pursuit or capture4 ,v (t5 a f9al report ( ! loss1 ! pres5t condition ( a robb$ bank or public in/itution1 or p]haps ! rega9+ ( ! booty1 makes a feature = a new /ory4 ,b usually ! foll[-up is conc]n$ ) ! pursuit1 capture1 or trial4 ,?is is especially true if ! orig9al /ory has be5 told by an e>li] pap] & ano!r lat] pap] wi%es to pr9t a m up-to-date /ory on ! robb]y1 su* z3 ,,m9ocqua1 ,wis41 ,oct4 #bb4--;,x n[ beg9s to look z if ! b&its :o robb$ ! ,/ate ,bank ( ,m9ocqua e>ly ,tuesday morn+ w\ld make _! escape ) ! booty4 7,?is is foll[$ by a re-tell+ ( ! entire /ory ( ! robb]y & an acc\nt ( ! pursuit47 ,! mo/ usual foll[-up ( a murd] /ory is int]e/$ 9 ! pursuit1 capture1 or trial ( ! p]petrator ( ! de$4 ,= example3 ,foll[+ ! discov]y ( ! body ( ,pietro ,b>illa1 an ,italian1 ( ,woodhav51 ,long ,isl&1 :o 0 /abb$ to dea? by f\r m51 presumably ,black ,h& memb]s1 9 ,l9coln ,road1 ne> ,flatbu%1 e>ly ye/]day morn+1 ! police arre/$ ?ree m5 ye/]day4 ,v (t5 ! pres5t condition ( ! victim ( an attempt$ murd] calls = a new /ory4 ,! /ories foll[+ ! attempt$ murd] ( ,mayor ,gaynor ( ,new ,york are good examples ( ! latt]4 ,if a my/]y surr\nds ! crime a possible solution is gr\nds = a new /ory4 ,! /ories :i* might foll[ ! unravel+ ( ! my/]y surr\nd+ ! fictiti\s dea? ( ! groc]1 m5tion$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]1 w\ld be second-day murd] /ories4 ,! orig9al /ory1 let u say1 0 some?+ l ?is3 ,james ,:ite1 a groc]yman1 0 f\nd dy+ ye/]day ) a bullet w\nd 9 8 abdom51 9 ! cell> ( 8 groc]y /ore at #abcf ,p>k /reet4 ,! next /ory on ! murd] w\ld be conc]n$ ) ! unravel+ ( ! my/]y1 ?us3 ,! prelim9>y inquiry ye/]day by ,coron] ,john ,f4 ,donalds1 into ! my/]i\s dea? ( ,james ,:ite1 ! ,p>k /reet groc]1 result$ 9 ! conclusion t ,:ite 0 murd]$4 ,& s ! /ories might run on day aft] day foll[+ ! solution ( ! case l ! succe$+ *apt]s ( a cont9u$ novel1 & ea* "o gives ! synopsis ( ! prec$+ *apt]s 9 its lead1 z e good foll[-up /ory %\ld d4 ,suicide /ories seldom (f] mat]ial = foll[-up /ories unless !re is "s my/]y surr\nd+ ! case4 ,sometimes ! pres5t condition ( a resuscitat$ victim ( attempt$ suicide or ! disposition ( ! e/ate ( a suicide (f]s mat]ial = rewrit+4 ,s]i\s /orms & floods are usually foll[$ up = sev]al days4 ,read]s are always int]e/$ 9 ! pres5t condition ( ! deva/at$ region4 ,v (t5 ! li/ ( dead & injur$ is revis$ f day to day1 & any attempt to l5d aid to ! un=tunate victims is always a reason = a lat] /ory4 ,any meet+s1 conf]5ces1 trials1 conv5tions1 or ! l mu/ be foll[$ up day by day ) succe$+ /ories4 ,ea* /ory is complete 9 itself1 b ea* "o adds "o m *apt] to ! report ( ! meet+4 ,?is me?od ( foll[+ a cont9u$ proce$+ calls = a s]ies ( foll[-up /ories2 examples ( ! /ories t foll[ a cont9u$ legal trial w be giv5 lat] "u ,c\rt ,report+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,_m o!r illu/rations might be giv5 ( foll[-up /ories t appe> daily 9 ! newspap]s4 ,9 ! la/ analysis1 ! foll[-up or ! rewrite /ory is no?+ m ?an an ord9>y news /ory1 & z su* mu/ be writt5 9 ! same way4 ,x beg9s ) a lead :i* plays up a feature & answ]s ! read]'s que/ions ab\t ! subject2 ! body ( ! /ory runs along l ! body ( any news /ory4 ,b x is diff]5t 9 be+ a lat] *apt] ( a previ\s acc\nt2 :ile complete 9 itself1 x mu/ n only indicate ! previ\s /ory1 b mu/ tell its mo/ important facts = read]s :o may h miss$ ! previ\s /ory4 ,x is simply a news /ory :i* is ti$ to a previ\s /ory by a /r+ ( cause & effect4 #d4 ,foll[+ ,up ,relat$ ,subjects4--,9 ?is connection x may be well to m5tion ano!r k9d ( foll[-up /ory t is usually writt5 9 connection ) big news ev5ts4 ,x is writt5 to develop & foll[ up side l9es ( int]e/ gr[+ out ( ! ma9 /ory4 ,9 its mo/ usual =m x is a /ati/ical summ>y ( ev5ts simil> to ! great ev5t ( ! day--su* z simil> fires1 simil> railroad wrecks1 etc41 9 ! pa/4 ,any big /ory attracts s mu* att5tion among newspap] read]s t ! facts at h& are usually n suffici5t to supply ! public's dem& = in=mation on ! subject4 ,to satisfy ^! dem&s editors develop l9es ( int]e/ gr[+ out ( ! ma9 ev5t4 ,!y int]view p conc]n+ ! ev5t & conc]n+ simil> ev5ts2 !y describe simil> ev5ts t h tak5 place 9 ! pa/2 !y summ>ize & comp>e simil> ev5ts 9 ! pa/--9 %ort1 !y foll[ up e l9e ( int]e/ op5$ up by ! big /ory & write /ories on ! result4 ,^! /ories are ( ! nature ( foll[-up /ories 9 t !y gr[ out (1 & develop1 ! ma9 /ory 9 its greate/ ext5t4 ,= example1 ! wreck ( ! ocean l9] ,titanic call$ = innum]able side /ories because ! public's int]e/ dem&$ m facts ?an ! newspap]s _h at h& to supply4 ,h5ce1 ! pap]s wrote up simil> %ipwrecks 9 ! pa/1 ga!r$ toge!r summ>ies ( ! _w's greate/ %ipwrecks1 int]view$ p :o _h be5 9 any way connect$ ) %ipwrecks or ) any phase ( ?is %ipwreck1 describ$ glaci]s & iceb]gs1 e/imat$ ! dep? ( ! ocean :]e ! ,titanic sank1 describ$ ! ,:ite ,/> l9] & o!r l9]s1 pictur$ real or imag9>y %ipwrecks1 & develop$ e o!r relat$ subject4 ,! real news 9 all ?is mass ( mat]ial 0 v meag]1 b ! relat$ /ories satisfi$ ! gre$y public & help$ newspap] read]s to und]/& & to picture ! real significance ( ! meag] news4 ,9 ! same way a disa/r\s fire1 l ! burn+ ( ! ,iroquois ,!at]1 calls = innum]able outgr[+ /ories4 ,ev5 :5 ! ev5t report$ 9 ! ma9 news /ory is n suffici5tly important to call = relat$ /ories1 x is (t5 accompani$ by a li/ 7usually put 9 a box at ! head ( ! /ory7 ( o!r simil> ev5ts & _! results4 ,^! foll[-up /ories ( relat$ subjects are1 9 =m1 v mu* l feature /ories1 al?\gh !y usually con=m to ! foll[-up idea ( m5tion+ 9 _! leads ! ma9 news ev5t to :i* !y are relat$4 ,x ,,reports ,,( ,,spee*es ,e pr(ession has its disagreeable tasks2 j\rnalism has p]haps m disagreeable tasks ?an any o!r pr(ession4 ,all ( a report]'s "w is n conc]n$ ) runn+ d[n ?rill+ /ories & writ+ !m up 9 a :irl ( brea?less int]e/4 ,our read]s dem& o!r k9ds ( news1 & x is ! report]'s task to satisfy !m fai?fully4 ,!re is probably no phase ( ! "w t is q s irksome z ! report+ ( spee*es1 lectures1 s]mons1 etc41 & !re is probably no phase ( ! "w ab\t :i* mo/ report]s h few] def9ite rules or ideas4 ,read ! reports ( ! same spee* 9 two diff]5t pap]s & note ! diff]5ce4 ,!y seldom conta9 ! same ?+s & m seldom d !y tell :at ! speak] said1 9 ! way & ! _s 9 :i* he said x4 ,x is irksome "w & difficult "w to cond5se an h\r's talk into ?ree /ickfuls1 & few report]s "k exactly h[ to g ab\t x4 ,! report ( a spee* or a s]mon or a lecture may come to a newspap] (fice 9 "o ( two ways4 ,a copy ( x may be s5t to ! pap] or ! report] may h to g to he> ! address & take notes on x4 ,v (t5 ! speak] k9dly s5ds a pr9t$ or typewritt5 copy ( 8 spee* to ! editor a few days 9 advance ) ! p]mission to release x--or pr9t x--on a c]ta9 date1 aft] ! spee* has be5 deliv]$ 9 public4 ,if ! spee* is to be pr9t$ 9 full1 ! task is a m]e matt] ( edit+ & does n tr\ble ! report]4 ,v few spee*es receive s mu* space4 ,! o!rs mu/ be cond5s$ & put 9 %ape = pr9t+4 ,aft] all1 ! usual way to get a spee* is to g to ! public deliv]y ( ! spee* & br+ back a report ( x4 ,at fir/ sight ?is is a difficult task & gre5 report]s come back ) a v poor resum4 ,h[ev]1 a ^w or two ( advice f ! editor or "s bitt] exp]i5ce eases ! way4 ,"s advice may be giv5 "h to prep>e ! w\ld-be report] be=eh&4 ,"s report]s :o "k %or?& pref] to make a /5ographic report ( ! entire spee* & re>range & cond5se x 9 ! (fice4 ,?is me?od is advisable only 9 ! case ( spee*es ( ! greate/ importance2 x is too labori\s = ord9>y purposes1 s9ce ! acc\nt includes at mo/ only a "p ( ! spee*4 ,! be/ way1 d\btless1 to get a spee* is to take notes on x4 ,& yet ?is mu/ be done prop]ly or !re is a dang] ( mis9t]pretation ( /atem5ts or ( undue emphasis ^u any s+le "p ( ! spee*4 ,! report ( a spee* %\ld be z well balanc$ & logical z ! spee* itself1 diff]+ f ! orig9al only 9 l5g? & ! omission ( details4 ,! spee* report mu/ be accurate & tru?ful or ! speak] may appe> at ! (fice 9 a day or two ) blood 9 8 eye4 ,a few rules may be sugge/$ z an aid to accuracy & tru?fulness4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 d n try to get all ! spee*2 d n try to get m ?an a small "p ( x--! important "p4 ,!re are two ways ( do+ ?is4 ,if ! spee* is well arrang$ & ord]ly x is easy to tell :5 ! speak] has f9i%$ "o sub-division & is beg9n+ ano!r4 ,ea* division & subdivision w naturally conta9 a topic s5t5ce4 ,wat* = ! topic s5t5ces & get !m d[n ) ! briefe/ necess>y explanation to make !m cle>4 ,political spee*es or impromptu talks are1 on ! o!r h&1 n always s logically arrang$4 ,sometimes x is possible to get ! topic s5t5ces1 b m (t5 x is n4 ,!n wat* = ! int]e/+ or /rik+ /atem5ts4 ,y w be aid$ 9 ?is by ! audi5ce ab\t y4 ,:5ev] ! speak] says any?+ unusually /rik+ or ( m ?an ord9>y int]e/ ! audi5ce w %[ x by signs ( ass5t or diss5t4 ,wat* = ^! signs1 ev5 = applause--& take d[n ! /atem5t t 0 ! cause4 ,if ! /atem5t int]e/$ ! orig9al audi5ce x w int]e/ y\r read]s4 ,naturally1 m]e oratorical trivialities mu/ n be mi/ak5 = /rik+ /atem5ts4 ,:5 y get back to ! (fice to write up ! report ( ! spee* y w feel ! ne$ ( direct quotations--9 fact1 ! l5g? ( y\r report w be det]m9$ by ! numb] ( direct quotations t y h to use 9 x--z well z by editorial dictum4 ,x w\ld be entirely wrong to quote any expressions ( y\r own because !y are some:at l ! speak]'s /atem5ts1 & x is impossible to quote any?+ less ?an a complete s5t5ce 9 ! report ( a spee*4 ,h5ce y w ne$ complete s5t5ces tak5 d[n v]batim 9 ! exact words ( ! speak]4 ,make x a po9t to get complete s5t5ces z y li/5 to ! spee*4 ,:5ev] a /rik+ /atem5t or an int]e/+ "p ( ! spee* seems wor? putt+ 9 y\r /ory get x d[n completely4 ,y w f9d y\rself writ+ mo/ ( ! "t because1 :ile y are writ+ d[n "o important s5t5ce1 ! speak] w be utt]+ sev]al m 9 explanation & may say some?+ else ( int]e/ be=e y h f9i%$ writ+ d[n 8 fir/ /atem5t4 ,/rict att5tion1 a quick p5cil1 & a good memory are ne$$ = ?is k9d ( "w1 b ! report+ ( spee*es w lose its t]rors aft] y h _h a v small am\nt ( practice4 ,j z any news /ory beg9s ) a lead & plays up its mo/ /rik+ fact 9 ! fir/ l9e1 ! report ( a spee* usually beg9s ) ! speak]'s mo/ /rik+ or mo/ important /atem5t4 ,z y are li/5+ to 8 words wat* = some?+ /rik+ = ! lead--some?+ t w cat* ! read]'s eye & int]e/ him4 ,b y mu/ ex]cise great c>e 9 select+ ! /atem5t = ! lead4 ,!oretically & practically x mu/ be some?+ 9 /rict accordance ) ! entire cont5t ( ! spee* &1 if possible1 x %\ld be ! "o /atem5t t sums up ! :ole spee* 9 ! mo/ concise way4 ,some:]e 9 ! disc\rse1 at ! beg9n+1 at ! end1 or 9 "s emphatic place1 ! speak] w usually sum up 8 complete ideas on ! subject 9 a /rik+1 concise way4 ,wat* = ?is summ>y & get x d[n = ! lead4 ,h[ev]1 !re may be times :5 ?is summ>y1 ?\gh concise1 w be ( little int]e/ to ! av]age read] & y w be =c$ to use "s o!r /rik+ /atem5t4 ,!n x is p]fectly p]missible to take any /rik+ /atem5t 9 ! spee* & use x = ! lead1 provid$ t ! /atem5t is directly connect$ ) ! re/ ( ! disc\rse4 ,b be fair to ! speak]4 ,d n play up "s *ance rem>k z illu/rative ( ! entire utt]ance2 don't br+ 9 an aside z ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+ 9 8 spee*4 ,if a prea*] =gets himself to ! ext5t ( express+ a *ance political op9ion1 x w\ld obvi\sly be unfair to him = y to play up t rem>k z ! summ>y ( 8 s]mon4 ,y\r read]s w\ld get a false impression & ! prea*] w\ld be angry4 ,if he consid]s ! *ance rem>k ( real importance 9 8 s]mon he w back x up ) o!r /atem5ts t w give y an excuse = us+ x4 ,9 brief1 wat* = ! mo/ int]e/+ & mo/ /rik+ /atem5t 9 ! entire spee*1 & 9 select+ ?is /atem5t be fair & j & try to avoid giv+ a false impression ( ! speak] or ( ! spee*4 ,if y foll[ ?is rule y w nev] be 9 any dang] ( gett+ y\r pap] into difficulties4 ,ano!r rule 9 report+ lectures1 spee*es1 etc41 applies to ! writ+ ( all newspap] /ories4 ,write y\r report at once :ile ! spee* is /ill fre% 9 y\r m9d4 ,y\r report mu/ pres]ve ! logic & cont9uity ( ! spee*--x mu/ be a fair resum4 ,y\r notes w be at be/ m]e jott+s ( *ance s5t5ces "h & !re4 ,d n all[ !m to get cold & lose _! cont9uity4 ,write ! report at once4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! writ+ ( ! report ( a spee*1 lecture1 or s]mon is ! same :e!r x is tak5 f a pr9t$ or /5ographic copy ( ! disc\rse or f notes4 ,x is p]haps easi] to write f y\r notes because y h ! important p>ts ( ! spee* pick$ out1 ready = use1 by ! aid ( ! re/ ( ! audi5ce4 ,be=e y c resum a pr9t$ copy ( ! spee* y mu/ g ?r\gh x & pick out ! important s5t5ces :i* y wi% to quote & decide ^u ! mo/ /rik+ /atem5t = ! lead4 ,!re is no def9ite rule t c be foll[$ 9 ?is except to take ! topic s5t5ces :5ev] !y are /at$ ) suffici5t cle>ness4 ,:5 y h decid$ on ! /atem5ts t y wi% to quote y h really r$uc$ ! spee* to a =m practically id5tical ) ! notes tak5 f v]bal utt]ance1 & ! writ+ 9 ei!r case is ! same4 ,! lead ( ! report is v mu* l ! lead ( any o!r news /ory--= ! report ( a spee* is really a news /ory4 ,z soon z ! spee* is m5tion$1 ! read] unconsci\sly asks a numb] ( que/ions ab\t x & ! report] mu/ answ] !m 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce4 ,z 9 any o!r news /ory ! que/ions are3 ,:at8 ,:o8 ,:]e8 ,:58 & p]haps ,h[8 & ,:y8 ,r$uc$ to ! case ( ! spee* report1 !y am\nt to :at did he say1 :o said x1 :]e did he say x1 :51 & p]haps h[ & :y did he say x4 ,y may answ] ! :at by giv+ ! subject ( ! disc\rse or by giv+ a /rik+ /atem5t 9 x4 ,9 e report ! answ] to "s "o ( ! que/ions is ( great] int]e/ & mu/ be plac$ 9 ! fir/ l9e4 ,if ! speak] is ( m ?an ord9>y prom95ce 8 "n makes a good beg9n+4 ,if an ord9>y p]son makes a spee* at "s meet+ ( prom95ce ! :5 or :]e takes prec$5ce ov] 8 "n4 ,b 9 mo/ cases ! report] w f9d t none ( ^! ?+s is ( suffici5t importance = ! beg9n+4 ,mo/ public utt]ances t he w be call$ ^u to report w be made by ord9>y m5 9 ord9>y places & at ord9>y times1 & ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! /ory w be :at 0 said4 ,sometimes x suffices to give ! title ( ! spee*1 b m (t5 a /rik+ /atem5t f ! spee* makes ! be/ beg9n+4 ,h[ev]1 al?\gh ! speak]1 ! "t1 ! place1 etc41 are ov]%ad[$ 9 importance by ! subject or cont5t ( :at ! speak] says1 !y mu/ be includ$ 9 ! same s5t5ce ) ! title or /rik+ /atem5t4 ,t is1 9 %ort1 we cat* ! read]'s int]e/ ) a /rik+ /atem5t f ! spee* & !n delay ! re/ ( ! report :ile we tell :o said x1 :51 :]e1 etc4 ,! necessity ( ?is is obvi\s4 ,9 accordance ) ! =ego+ !re are sev]al possible ways 9 :i* to beg9 ! lead ( ! report ( any spee*4 ,x w\ld be wrong to say t any "o is m common or bett] ?an ! o!rs2 ! *oice ( ! beg9n+ mu/ re/ ) ! report]4 ,& yet !re are v>i\s ?+s to be not$ 9 connection ) ea* ( ^! beg9n+s4 #a4 ,direct ,quotation ,beg9n+4--,s5t5ce4--,! quotation t is to h ! fir/ l9e mu/ ( c\rse be ! mo/ /rik+ or ! mo/ int]e/+ /atem5t 9 ! spee*4 ,if x consi/s ( a s+le s5t5ce--& x _c be less ?an a s5t5ce--! report may beg9 ?us3 ,p>ticipation 9 gov]nm5t is n only ! privilege1 b ! "r1 ( e ,am]ican citiz5 & %\ld be consid]$ a duty1 said ! ,rev4 ,fr$]ick ,w4 ,hamilton1 presid5t ( ,tufts ,college1 :o spoke on ,! ,political ,duties ( ! ,am]ican ,citiz5 at ! mon?ly m5's neighborhood meet+ 9 ! ,roxbury ,neighborhood ,h\se la/ night4--,bo/on ,h]ald4 ,"h ! report] has giv5 u a s5t5ce t is practically a summ>y ( ! spee*1 has told u :o said x1 :5 & :]e1 & has complet$ ! p>agraph ) ! title ( ! spee*4 ,sometimes ! title ( ! spee* is n ( great importance & its place 9 ! lead may be giv5 to a little summ>y z 9 ! foll[+3 ,! mod]n man isn't afraid ( hell1 0 ! concise explanation :i* ,w4 ,la?rop ,meak] gave 9 ,frankl9 ,union ,hall ye/]day aft]noon & ev5+ ( ! fact t ! *ur*es are los+ _! grip on ! av]age man4--,new ,york ,sun4 ,a "q :i* embodies ! cont5t ( a spee* may (t5 be quot$ at ! beg9n+2 ?us3 ,w ! ,bapti/ *ur* cont9ue to ma9ta9 an attitude ( timidity :5 ,john ,d4 ,rockefell] ( ,/&>d ,oil is m5tion$8 ask$ ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,a4 ,bateman1 f ,ea/ ,jaffrey1 ,n4 ,h41 ( ! m9i/]s assembl$ 9 ,=d ,hall la/ ev5+ at ! ,new ,engl& ,bapti/ conf]5ce4--,bo/on ,h]ald4 ,! op5+ quotation may sometimes be made an excuse = a brief description ( ! speak] or 8 ge/ures z 9 ! foll[+4 ,?is is good at times b x may easily be ov]work$ or become yell[ 9 tone4 ,!re is no fire escape1 rem>k$ ,gypsy ,smi?1 ! fam\s ,engli% evangeli/1 ye/]day be=e ! fa%ionable audi5ce ( ! ,fif? ,av5ue ,bapti/ ,*ur*4 ,he held al(t a ,bible z he made ?is decl>ation dur+ an eloqu5t s]mon on ! possibility ( los+ fai? & w&]+ f ! n>r[ way4--,new ,york ,_w4 #b4 ,direct ,quotation ,beg9n+4--,p>agraph4--,y notice t 9 ea* ( ! =ego+ ! quot$ s5t5ce is incorporat$ grammatically into ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ! lead4 ,x is foll[$ by a comma & ! words said ,mr4 ----1 0 ! /atem5t ( ----1 decl>$ ,mr4 ----1 etc4 ,?is con/ruction is possible only :5 ! quot$ s5t5ce is %ort & simple4 ,:5 x is long or complex1 x is well to p>agraph x sep>ately & to put ! explanations 9 a sep>ate p>agraph1 ?us3 ,if ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h possess$ 9 #ahih a s+le dirigible balloon1 ev5 ( ! size ( ! "o n[ at ,=t ,my]1 ,virg9ia1 :i* co/ less ?an #aj1jjj1 ! ,am]ican army & navy w\ld n h long rema9$ 9 d\bt ( ! pres5ce ( ,c]v]a's fleet 9 ,santiago h>bor4 ,?is /atem5t 0 made today by ,major ,g4 ,o4 ,squi]1 assi/ant *ief signal (fic] ( ! army1 9 an address on aronautics deliv]$ be=e ! ,am]ican ,society ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]s at #bi ,we/ ,?irty-n9? /reet4--,new ,york ,mail4 ,?is same con/ruction mu/ always be us$ :5 ! /atem5t quot$ 9 ! lead consi/s ( m ?an "o s5t5ce1 z 9 ! foll[+3 ,! climate ( ,wiscons9 is z good = recov]y f tub]culosis z t ( any /ate 9 ! union4 ,x is n ! climate1 b ! out-(-doors air t works ! cure4 ,s said ,h>vey ,dee ,br[n 9 8 tub]culosis crusade lecture 9 ,kilb\rn p>k la/ night4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 ,x is to be not$ t ! /atem5t quot$ 9 ! lead is nev] split into two p>ts1 sep>at$ by explanation4 ,! quotation is always ga!r$ toge!r at ! beg9n+ & foll[$ by ! explanation4 #c4 ,indirect ,quotation ,beg9n+4--,?is me?od is be/ adapt$ to ! play+ up ( a brief resum ( ! cont5t ( ! spee*4 ,x is sometimes call$ ! t-clause beg9n+ because x always beg9s ) a t-clause :i* is ! subject ( ! pr9cipal v]b ( ! s5t5ce--0 ! /atem5t (1 0 ! decl>ation (1 etc4 ,! t-clause may conta9 a resum ( ! entire spee* or only ! mo/ /rik+ /atem5t 9 x4 ,"h is "o ( ! latt]3 ,t ! cruise ( ! battle%ip fleet ar\nd ! _w has taught ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates t a p[]ful fleet is ne$$ 9 ! ,pacific 0 ! /atem5t ( ,re> ,admiral ,r4 ,c4 ,hollyday1 *ief ( ! bureau ( y>ds & docks ( ! navy1 at a lun*eon giv5 to him by ! bo>d ( tru/ees ( ! ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce at ! ,fairmont ,hotel ye/]day4--,san ,francisco ,exam9]4 ,x is n always necess>y to use ! phrase 0 ! /atem5t (4 ,a v>iation f x is (t5 v good3 ,t x is ! urg5t mission ( ! :ite p ( ,am]ica1 ?r\gh _! *ur*es & ,sunday-s*ools1 to educate ! ,am]ican negro morally & religi\sly1 0 ! s5tim5t ( ! twelf? session ( ! ,int]national ,sunday-s*ool ,conv5tion la/ night1 voic$ ) special p[] & eloqu5ce by ,dr4 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 ! *ief speak] ( ! ev5+4--,l\isville ,c\ri]-,j\rnal4 ,t ! ,iri% race has a great de/9y to fulfill1 "o great] ?an x has a*iev$ 9 its glori\s pa/1 0 ! prophecy ( ,pr(4 ,*>les ,john/on ( ,dubl9 univ]sity 9 8 lecture at ! city libr>y ,sunday aft]noon4--,wiscons9 ,/ate ,j\rnal4 ,x is p]fectly good usage to beg9 su* a lead ) two t-clauses or ev5 ) ?ree4 ,! two clauses 9 ?is case are ( c\rse treat$ z a s+ul> subject & take a s+ul> v]b4 ,x is usually be/ n to h m ?an ?ree clauses at ! beg9n+ & ev5 ?ree mu/ be h&l$ ) great c>e4 ,?ree clauses at ! beg9n+1 if at all long1 bury ! speak]'s "n too deeply & may become too complicat$4 ,unless ! clauses are v closely relat$ 9 idea1 x is usually bett] n to use m ?an two4 ,naturally :5 m ?an "o t-clause is us$ 9 ! lead1 all ( ! clauses mu/ be ga!r$ toge!r at ! beg9n+2 nev] %\ld "o prec$e & "o foll[ ! pr9cipal v]b4 ,"h is an example ( good usage3 ,,new ,,york1 ,feb4 #be4--,t ,am]ica is ent]+ ^u a new era ( civic & bus9ess rectitude & t ?is is due to ! awak5+ ( ! moral consci5ce ( ! :ole p 0 ! prophecy made "h tonight by ,gov]nor ,joseph ,w4 ,folk ( ,miss\ri4--,*icago ,record-,h]ald4 #d4 ,summ>y ,beg9n+4--,?is is a less =mal way ( treat+ ! indirect quotation beg9n+4 ,x is simply a diff]5t grammatical con/ruction4 ,:]eas 9 ! t-clause beg9n+ ! pr9cipal v]b ( ! s5t5ce is outside ! summ>y 7e4 g41 ,t 444 0 ! /atem5t (71 9 ! summ>y beg9n+ ! pr9cipal v]b ( ! s5t5ce is ! v]b ( ! summ>y & ! speak] is br\ght 9 by means ( a modify+ phrase2 ?us3 ,,m9neapolis1 ,oct4 #a4--;,bo? ! free trad] & ! /&-patt] are back numb]s1 accord+ to ,s5ator ,alb]t ,j4 ,bev]idge ( ,indiana1 :o deliv]$ a t>iff spee* "h tonight4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 ,f$]al control ( ! capitalization ( railroads is ! solution ( ! railroad problem sugge/$ by ,e4 ,l4 ,phillipp1 ! well-kn[n ,milwaukee railroad exp]t1 9 ! c\rse ( a spee* at ! ?ird annual banquet (1 etc4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 ,! summ>y beg9n+ may be h&l$ 9 _m diff]5t ways & all[s p]haps m grammatical lib]ty ?an any o!r beg9n+4 ,! summ>y may ev5 be giv5 a s5t5ce by itself z 9 ! foll[+4 ,?is k9d ( treatm5t may easily be ov]done & %\ld be h&l$ ) great caution3 ,if y h acute mania1 x is ! prop] ?+ to take ! music cure4 ,miss ,jessie ,a4 ,f[l] says s1 & %e kn[s4 ,miss ,f[l] discuss$ ,music ,hygi5ically be=e ! ,ra9y ,daisies at ! ,hotel ,a/or ye/]day & prescrib$ musical treatm5t = v>i\s br&s ( mania4--,new ,york ,_w4 #e4 ,keynote ,beg9n+4--,v closely relat$ to ! summ>y beg9n+ is ! keynote beg9n+1 9 :i* ! subject ( ! ma9 v]b is an indirect pres5tation ( ! cont5t ( ! spee*4 ,:]eas ! summ>y beg9n+ displays its resum 9 a complete s5t5ce1 ! keynote beg9n+ puts ! cont5t ( ! spee* 9 a s+le n\n & its modifi]s4 ,?us3 ,! ideal /ate univ]sity 0 ! !me ( a spee* deliv]$ by1 etc4 ,! mission ( ! newspap] to tell ! tru?1 to /& = high ideals1 & to /rive to h ^? ideals adopt$ by ! public 0 ! keynote ( an address deliv]$ by1 etc4 #f4 ,p>ticipial ,beg9n+4--,?is is less common ?an ! o!r k9ds ( indirect quotation beg9n+s b x is (t5 v effective4 ,! summ>y ( ! spee* or ! mo/ /rik+ /atem5t is put into a p>ticipial phrase at ! beg9n+ & is made to modify ! subject ( ! s5t5ce 7! speak]74 ,x mu/ ( c\rse be rememb]$ t su* a p>ticipial phrase c be us$ only to modify a n\n1 z an adjective modifies a n\n1 & c nev] be made ! subject ( a v]b4 ,"h is an example ( good use ( ?is beg9n+3 ,uphold+ ! "r ( public criticism ( ! c\rts on ! !ory t !re c be no impropriety 9 inve/igat+ any act ( a public (ficial1 ,judge ,k5nesaw ,m4 ,l&is la/ night address$ ! /ud5ts ( ,m>quette ,college ( ,law & _m memb]s ( ! ,milwaukee b>4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 ,j z x is p]fectly possible to beg9 an indirect quotation lead ) two t-clauses in/ead ( "o1 x is also possible to use two p>ticipial phrases 9 ! p>ticipial beg9n+2 z3 ,plead+ = ju/ice & human affection 9 deal+ ) ! del9qu5t *ild1 & urg+ ! vital ne$ ( legislation :i* %all en=ce p>5tal responsibility1 ,mrs4 ,nellie ,duncan made an address ye/]day :i* /irr$ ! sympa?ies ( an att5tive audi5ce 9 ! ,fir/ ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4--,san ,francisco ,exam9]4 ,al?\gh ! p>ticipial phrase usually gives ! summ>y ( ! spee*1 n infrequ5tly ! p>ticipial con/ruction is us$ to play up ! "n ( ! spee* or "s o!r fact & ! summ>y comes aft] ! pr9cipal v]b ( ! lead2 ?us3 ,pay+ tribute to ! memory ( ,presid5t ,william ,mc,kinley la/ night at ! ,metropolitan ,temple1 :]e ex]cises 7 held to d$icate ! ,mc,kinley memorial organ1 ,judge ,taft told 9 detail ( 8 commission to ! ,philipp9e s]vice & 8 subsequ5t intimate connection ) ! ,presid5t4--,new ,york ,tribune4 #g4 ,title ,beg9n+4--,!re are two reasons = beg9n+ ! report ( a public utt]ance ) ! speak]'s subject or title4 ,! title itself may be s broad t x makes a good summ>y ( ! spee*1 or x may be s /rik+ 9 itself t x attracts int]e/ at once4 ,9 ! foll[+ examples ! title is really a summ>y ( ! spee*3 ,,new ,,york1 ,dec4 #ae4--,! ,comp5sation ( ,employes = ,injuries ,receiv$ ,:ile at ,"w 0 tak5 by ,j4 ,d4 ,beck1 commission] ( labor ( ,wiscons91 z ! !me ( 8 address be=e ! ,national ,civic ,f$]ation "h today4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 ,! ,emmanuel ,movem5t 0 ! subject ( an address by ,rabbi ,/eph5 ,s4 ,wise ( ! ,free ,synagogue ye/]day morn+4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,9 ! foll[+ /ories ! report] began ) ! title evid5tly because x 0 s /rik+ly unusual & also because x 0 ! title ( a /rik+ly unusual spee* by an unusual man4 ,?is k9d ( title beg9n+ is always v effective3 ,booze1 or ,get on ! ,wat] ,wagon1 0 ! subject on :i* ,rev4 ,billy ,sunday1 ! baseball evangeli/1 address$ an audi5ce ( ov] #d1jjj p]sons at ! ,midl& ,*autauqua ye/]day aft]noon4 ,= two h\rs ,sunday fir$ volley aft] volley at ! liquor traffic4--,des ,mo9es ,capital4 ,if ,*ri/ ,came to ,milwaukee 0 ! subject ( ! ,rev4 ,paul ,b4 ,j5k9's ,sunday night 9 ,immanuel ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4--,milwaukee ,s5t9el4 #h4 ,speak] ,beg9n+4--,x is obvi\s t ?is is ! easie/ beg9n+ t may be us$ 9 ! report ( a spee*4 ,b j z obvi\sly x is ! beg9n+ t %\ld be lea/ us$4 ,j z 9 writ+ news /ories a gre5 report] always attempts to beg9 e lead ) ! "n ( "s p]son involv$1 9 report+ a public disc\rse he has a /rong desire to put ! "n ( ! speak] be=e :at ! speak] said4 ,b ! same te/s may be appli$ to bo? cases4 ,are our read]s m int]e/$ 9 :at a man does ?an 9 ! man himself2 d our read]s g to he> a giv5 speak] because !y wi% to he> :at he has to say or because !y wi% to he> him8 ,:5ev] ! public is s int]e/$ 9 a man t x does n c>e :at he says1 !n y may feel safe 9 beg9n+ ! report ( :at he says ) 8 "n4 ,?is te/ may be alt]$1 especially 9 small] cities1 by previ\s int]e/ 9 ! spee*2 if ! spee* has be5 expect$ & look$ =w>d to ) int]e/1 !n1 no matt] if ! speak] is ! ,presid5t himself1 8 "n is n z good news z :at he has to say4 ,ev5 if ! lead does beg9 ) ! speak]'s "n1 ! report] usually tries to br+ a summ>y ( ! spee* or ! mo/ /rik+ /atem5t into ! fir/ s5t5ce aft] ! "n4 ,= example3 ,speak] ,joseph ,g4 ,cannon plac$ himself on record la/ night 9 favor ( a revision ( ! t>iff 9 accordance ) ! promise ( ! ,republican p>ty plat=m & decl>$ t s f> z 8 vote 0 conc]n$ he w\ld see to x t ! ann\nc$ policy ( revision w\ld be writt5 9 ! national laws z soon z possible4 ,! words ( ! speak] came at a lun*eon giv5 to six re> admirals ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates navy by ,alex&] ,h4 ,revell ( ,*icago 9 ! ,union ,league ,club1 at :i* ! ne$ ( m battle%ips & increas$ effici5cy ( ! fight+ =ces ( ! republic 7 ! pr9cipal !mes ( discussion4 ,?is example 0 *os5 because1 :ile x is writt5 9 accordance ) ! rules ( ! speak] beg9n+1 x is obvi\sly too long & complicat$--ov] #aaj words4 ,x w\ld be bett] to ga!r x toge!r & cond5se x z 9 ! foll[+3 ,*ief ,=e/] ,gif=d ,p9*ot op5$ ! second day's session ( ! national cons]vation congress ye/]day by an address 9 :i* he express$ 8 entire satisfaction & 8 confid5ce 9 ! attitude ( ,presid5t ,taft t[>d cons]vat+ ! national res\rces4--,milwaukee ,s5t9el4 ,,/4 ,,paul1 ,m9n41 ,feb4 #aj4--;,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton ( ,tuskegee1 ,ala41 9 an address at ! ,p's ,*ur* tonight pr$ict$ t )9 two ye>s ! liquor traffic w\ld be driv5 out ( all ! s\!rn /ates b two4--,milwaukee ,s5t9el4 ,!re are obvi\sly o!r beg9n+s t _c be class$ "u any ( ! above heads4 ,"s ( !m1 mu* l ! freak leads t may be se5 9 _m newspap]s ( ! pres5t day1 may be call$ free beg9n+s = want ( a bett] "n4 ,^! free beg9n+s are q effective :5 prop]ly h&l$ b ! novice mu/ use !m ) fe> & trembl+4 ,!y may be witty or !y may be s>ca/ic1 b !y are usually dang]\s4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! eight beg9n+s discuss$ above is ma9ly "o ( grammatical con/ruction2 ! same fundam5tal ideas gov]n !m all4 ,_! purpose is always to play up a /rik+ /atem5t or a summ>y ( ! spee* report & to give at ! v outset ! necess>y explanation conc]n+ ! spee*4 ,,! ,,body ,,( ,,! ,,report ,! body ( ! report ( a spee* is n s di/9ct f ! lead z ! body ( an ord9>y news /ory4 ,9 ! news /ory x is safe to assume t _m read]s w n g beyond ! lead1 b 9 ! report ( a spee* ?is is n s true4 ,x is less possible to give ! ma9 facts 9 ! lead ( a spee* report & ! re/ ( ! /ory is m necess>y4 ,h5ce x mu/ be writt5 ) z great c>e z ! lead4 ,! body ( ! report %\ld consi/ ( direct quotation 9 s f> z possible4 ,! read] is int]e/$ 9 :at ! speak] said & x is impossible to make a summ>y 9 indirect disc\rse z conv9c+ z ! actual quotation ( 8 words4 ,be sure t ! quotations are ! speak]'s exact words or v ne>ly 8 exact words1 s t he _c accuse y ( misquot+ him4 ,! _s ( 8 words mu/ be 9 ! quotation1 anyway4 ,9 ^! quotations no?+ less ?an a complete s5t5ce %\ld be quot$4 ,d n pat* toge!r s5t5ces ( indirect & direct quotation1 l ! foll[+--,he said t "s ( u are prone to let ?+s be z !y are1 because ! philan?ropic ri* help 9 our times ( tr\ble & 9 sickness4 ,su* quotation is worse ?an no direct quotation at all4 ,( c\rse1 ?is does n mean t "o _c add said ! speak] to a direct quotation1 b x means t said ! speak] c be add$ only to quotations t are complete s5t5ces4 ,fur!rmore :5ev] x is necess>y to br+ 9 said ! speak]1 or simil> expressions1 !y %\ld be add$ at ! end ( ! quot$ s5t5ce--! lea/ emphatic "p ( a newspap] s5t5ce4 ,obvi\sly a cond5s$ report ( a spee* c only quote s5t5ces "h & !re ?r\gh\t ! spee*--! high spots ( int]e/1 z we call$ !m be=e4 ,^! mu/ n be quot$ promiscu\sly & disconnect$ly4 ,! orig9al spee* _h a logical ord] & set =? a logical tra9 ( ?\ght4 ,^! %\ld be foll[$ z f> z possible 9 ! report4 ,br+ 9 ! quotations 9 _! true ord] & fill ! gaps betwe5 !m ) indirect disc\rse to knit !m toge!r & to give ! report ! coh]5ce ( ! orig9al spee*4 ,b d n c>ry ?is indirect explanation to ! ext5t ( mak+ y\r copy a report ( ! spee* 9 indirect disc\rse ) occasional bits ( direct quotation to illu/rate4 ,rememb] t1 aft] all1 ! direct quotation is ! truly effective "p ( ! spee*4 ,:5ev] a p>agraph conta9s bo? direct & indirect quotation1 ! direct quotation %\ld always prec$e ! indirect4 ,b x is mu* bett] to p>agraph ! two k9ds ( quotation sep>ately1 mak+ ea* p>agraph entirely ( direct1 or entirely ( indirect1 quotation4 ,if a p>agraph mu/ conta9 bo?1 beg9 x ) ! direct s t z ! read] glances d[n ! column he w see a quotation m>k at ! beg9n+s ( mo/1 if n all1 ( ! p>agraphs4 ,by ! same sign1 :5 y\r notes are lack+ 9 direct quotations1 br+ 9 z _m ( ! quotations z possible at ! beg9n+ ( ! report & let ! indirect summ>y occupy ! end :]e x may be cut (f by ! editor if he does n wi% to run x4 ,"h is a good illu/ration ( a "p ( ! body ( a good spee* report--x is ! second p>agraph ( "o ( ! /ories quot$ "u ! ,speak] beg9n+ above3 ,i c n acc\nt = ! moral revolution t is sweep+ ov] ! ,s\?1 he cont9u$4 ,! s5tim5t aga9/ :isky is deep] ?an ! m]e desire to get x away f ! black man4 ,t same s5tim5t is f\nd 9 c\nties t conta9 no negro population4 ,p :o say t ! law w n be en=c$ h n be5 9 ! ,s\?4--,b4 ,t4 ,wa%+ton's spee*1 ,milwaukee ,s5t9el4 ,y w notice t al?\gh ! above p>agraph is compos$ entirely ( direct quotation x has no quotation m>k at ! end4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 9 accordance ) ! old rule ( rhetoric :i* says t 9 a cont9u\s quotation ea* p>agraph %all beg9 ) a quotation m>k b only ! la/ %all be clos$ by a quotation m>k4 ,to illu/rate ! errors t may be made 9 report+ spee*es we might write ! above p>agraph z foll[s3 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton cont9u$ by say+ t he c\ld n acc\nt = ! revolution t is sweep+ ov] ! ,s\?4 ,! s5tim5t aga9/ :isky is deep] ?an ! m]e desire to get x away f ! black man4 ,he says t ! same s5tim5t is f\nd 9 c\nties t conta9 no negro population4 ,p :o say t ! law w n be en=c$ h n be5 9 ! ,s\?1 accord+ to ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton4 ,! clums9ess ( ?is m+l+ ( direct & indirect quotation is v cle>1 z is ! weakness ( beg9n+ ) an explanation t is really subord9ate4 ,mu* m c\ld be said ab\t ! report+ ( spee*es4 ,v few ?+s w make a man s angry z ! misquot+ ( 8 words4 ,!re=e1 :atev] o!r faults y\r report ( a spee* may h1 let x be accurate & tru?ful4 ,,xi ,,int]views ,if y comp>e any int]view /ory ) any spee* report 9 any repres5tative newspap]1 y w readily see h[ a discussion ( int]views easily becomes an explanation ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 int]view /ories & spee*-reports2 t is1 h[ ! report ( an int]view diff]s f ! report ( a public utt]ance ( a m =mal k9d4 ,!re are few diff]5ces 9 ! writt5 reports4 ,ea* usually beg9s ) a summ>y or a /rik+ /atem5t & consi/s l>gely ( direct quotation4 ,7 x n = ! l9e or two ( explanation at ! end ( ! introduction1 x w\ld be practically impossible to tell ! "o f ! o!r1 to tell :i* ( ! reports sets =? /atem5ts made 9 a public disc\rse & :i* gives /atem5ts made 9 a m private way to a report]4 ,! diff]5ce lies beh9d ! report1 9 ! way ! report] obta9$ ! /atem5ts & quotations4 ,& ! :ole diff]5ce dep5ds ^u ! attitude ( ! man :o made ! /atem5ts--:e!r 8 words 7 a consci\s or an unconsci\s public utt]ance4 ,:5 a man speaks f a plat=m he utt]s e s5t5ce & e ^w ) an idea ( possible quotation--he is n only will+ to be quot$ b he wants to be quot$4 ,b :5 he speaks privately to a report] he usually dreads quotation4 ,( c\rse1 he expects t y w pr9t a few ( 8 rem>ks b he is con/antly hop+ t y w n rememb] & pr9t !m all4 ,he speaks m gu>d$ly1 too1 s9ce he is n sure ( ! int]pretation t may be giv5 to 8 words4 ,h5ce x is a v diff]5t matt] to report :at a man says 9 public & to get /atem5ts = ! press f him 9 private4 ,any "o c report a spee* b great skill is requir$ to get a good int]view--especially if ! victim is unwill+ to talk4 ,! fir/ matt] t a report] has to consid] is ! means ( reta9+ ! /atem5ts until he is able to write 8 /ory4 ,x is a simple matt] to get quotations f a spee* because x is possible to sit any:]e 9 ! audi5ce & write d[n ! speak]'s words 9 a notebook z !y are utt]$4 ,b ! notebook mu/ be left beh9d :5 y try to int]view4 ,:5 a man is n us$ to be+ int]view$ no?+ w make him retic5t s quickly z ! appe>ance ( a notebook & p5cil2 he realizes t 8 words are to appe> 9 pr9t j z he utt]s !m & he imm$iately becomes fright5$4 ,ord9>ily s long z he feels t :at he says is go+ into ! confid5tial e> ( ! report]--& out ( ! o!r e> j z quickly--he is will+ to talk m freely & op5ly & to say exactly :at he ?9ks4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 does n apply to prom95t m5 :o are us$ to be+ int]view$ & pref] to h _! rem>ks tak5 d[n v]batim4 ,su* an int]view1 h[ev]1 is little m ?an a call to secure a /atem5t = publication4 ,x might be well to settle ! notebook "q "h & n[ :5 x assumes ! greate/ importance4 ,! /age has h>d5$ u to see+ a report] sl9k+ ar\nd ! outskirts ( e bit ( excitem5t writ+ excit$ly & hurri$ly 9 a l>ge lea!r notebook4 ,s h>d5$ are we to ! sight t "s new report]s buy a notebook j z soon z !y get a place on a newspap] /aff4 ,b real report]s on real newspap]s d n use notebooks4 ,a few %eets ( fold$ copy pap] hidd5 c>efully 9 an inside pocket ready = names & addresses & p]haps figures are all t mo/ ( !m c>ry4 ,_m p dread publicity & ! appe>ance ( a notebook fright5s !m into sil5ce m quickly ?an ! actual appe>ance ( a repres5tative ( ! press4 ,?is is true 9 ! report+ ( any bit ( news1 9 ! cov]+ ( any /ory--& x is ord9>ily true 9 int]view+ = /atem5ts t are to be quot$4 ,( c\rse1 an exception to ?is mu/ be made 9 ! case ( "s prom95t m5 :o pref] to issue sign$ writt5 /atem5ts :5 !y are int]view$4 ,! impossibility ( us+ a notebook or writ+ d[n a man's words 9 an int]view s]i\sly complicates ! task ( int]view+4 ,"s report]s tra9 !mselves until !y are able to rememb] _! victim's words long en\gh to get outside & write !m d[n4 ,o!rs are satisfi$ ) gett+ ! ideas & ! _s ( :at is said toge!r ) ! man's mann] ( talk+4 ,a few *>act]i/ic mann]isms ?r[n 9 ) a true report ( 8 ideas w make any speak] believe t y h quot$ him exactly4 ,:i*ev] me?od is pursu$1 ! report] mu/ always be fair & try to tell ! read]s ( ! pap] ! man's true ideas4 ,! exig5cies ( ! case give ! report] great] lib]ty ?an 9 quot+ f a spee* b he mu/ n abuse 8 lib]ty4 ,! success ( an int]view dep5ds v l>gely ^u ! way 9 :i* a report] approa*es ! man :om he wi%es to int]view4 ,x is nev] well to tru/ to ! inspiration ( ! mom5t to />t ! conv]sation4 ,! report] mu/ "k exactly :at he wi%es to h ! man say be=e he approa*es him & mu/ already h fram$ 8 que/ions s z to draw out ! answ]s t he wi%es4 ,p are nev] int]view$ except = a purpose & t purpose %\ld sugge/ ! report]'s fir/ "q4 ,no matt] h[ will+ ! man is to tell :at he ?9ks he w seldom beg9 talk+ until ! report] asks him a def9ite "q to help him 9 putt+ 8 ?\ghts into words4 ,all ( ?is %\ld be consid]$ be=eh&4 ,! report] %\ld h outl9$ a def9ite campaign & h a s]ies ( que/ions :i* he wi%es to ask4 ,if he has writt5 ! que/ions out be=eh&1 ! task becomes an easi] "o--he m]ely fills 9 ! answ]s on 8 li/ lat] & has ! int]view 9 bett] =m ?an if he _h tri$ to tru/ entirely to 8 memory4 ,to be sure1 ! que/ions may op5 up unexpect$ l9es ( ?\ght & he may get m ?an he w5t =1 b he mu/ h 8 que/ions ready = use z soon z ea* new l9e is exhau/$4 ,a skill$ report] frames ! int]view himself & keeps ! result entirely 9 8 own h&s ?r\gh ! campaign t he has outl9$ be=eh&4 ,unless he kn[s exactly :at he wants to get1 a w>y victim may lead him (f ^u unimportant facts & 9 ! end tell him no?+ t 8 pap] has s5t him to get4 ,a report] mu/ keep ! re9s ( an int]view 9 8 own possession4 ,a good report] takes great c>e 9 8 mann] ( address+ a man :om he is to int]view4 ,a well-kn[n newspap] foll[s ! rule ( ask+ its report]s nev] to d :at a g5tleman w\ld n d4 ,a report] :o is try+ to int]view mu/ always be a g5tleman & mu/ n ask que/ions t a g5tleman w\ld n ask4 ,if ! victim is a prom95t man ( great p]sonality x is n h>d to foll[ ?is rule--9 fact1 x is impossible to get ! int]view by any o!r me?od ( approa*4 ,b :5 "o is try+ to int]view a p]son ( humbl] /ation1 ! case is diff]5t4 ,x is v easy !n to fall into a habit ( dem&+ in=mation & turn+ ! int]view into an inquisition4 ,b ! report] :o keeps 8 attitude z a g5tleman gets m real facts ev5 :5 8 victim is ( ! mo/ humble social /atus4 ,!re=e1 nev] approa* y\r victim z if he 7 a witness & y a cross-que/ion+ lawy]4 ,d n say3 ,see "h1 y "k m ab\t x ?an t1 & ?us try to =ce unwill+ in=mation f him4 ,g at him 9 a m r\nd-ab\t way & lead him to give y ! facts unwitt+ly p]haps4 ,a "y report] (t5 feels an impulse to become too p]sonal ) ! man :om he is int]view+4 ,he mu/ always rememb] t he is n !re = a fri5dly *at b z a repres5tative ( a newspap]1 s5t to get concise facts or op9ions4 ,?is attitude mu/ be ma9ta9$ ev5 ) ! humble/ p]sons4 ,any desire to sympa?ize1 criticize1 or advise mu/ be *eck$ at ! v />t4 ,! po9t ( view mu/ always be kept4 99 99 99 99 99 ,al?\gh ! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 writ+ int]view /ories & report+ spee*es lies 9 ! v act ( gett+ ! quotations & words ( ! speak]1 !re are c]ta9 aspects 9 :i* ! writ+ ( an int]view /ory is diff]5t4 ,! actual =m ( ! two /ories is almo/ id5tical & yet !re is a tone 9 ! int]view /ory t is lack+ 9 ! report ( a spee*4 ,?is may be call$ ! p]sonal tone4 ,! v "n ( ! speak] obvi\sly plays a mu* l>g] "p 9 ! int]view /ory ?an 9 ! spee* report4 ,we may be m int]e/$ 9 :at a man says 9 a public disc\rse ?an we are 9 ! man1 b :5 we int]view a man we want 8 op9ions n = !mselves s mu* z because !y are 8 op9ions4 ,an int]view ) ! ,presid5t on ! t>iff is n necess>ily int]e/+ 9 ! new ideas t x br+s out1 = we h _m o!r ways ( kn[+ ! ,presid5t's op9ions on ! t>iff "q2 b ! int]view is wor? pr9t+ because e "o is int]e/$ 9 read+ any?+ t ! ,presid5t says1 al?\gh he may h read ! same ?+ _m times be=e4 ,a man is seldom int]view$ unless he is ( "s prom95ce--t is :y he is int]view$1 & s 9 ! result+ /ory 8 "n plays a v important "p4 ,9 fact1 8 "n is usually ! feature ( ! /ory2 mo/ int]view /ories beg9 directly ) ! "n ( ! man ^: /atem5ts are quot$4 ,al?\gh a man may be int]view$ simply because ( 8 prom95ce & popul>ity1 !re is usually ano!r reason = ! int]view4 ,we are int]e/$ n only 9 he>+ him say some?+ b we wi% to he> him say some?+ on a c]ta9 topic4 ,! int]view ?us has a timel9ess1 a reason = exi/5ce4 ,s9ce ?is timel9ess is ! reason = pr9t+ a c]ta9 man's /atem5ts1 ! report]'s acc\nt mu/ indicate t timel9ess ne> ! beg9n+4 ,t is1 ! fir/ s5t5ce ( an int]view /ory mu/ n only tell :o 0 int]view$ & ! gi/ ( :at he said1 b x mu/ tell :y he said x4 ,! int]view mu/ be connect$ ) ! re/ ( ! day's news4 ,?is comes out v def9itely 9 ! cu/om :i* _m newspap]s h ( pr9t+ ! op9ions ( _m prom95t m5 9 connection ) any important ev5t4 ,p]haps x is because we wi% to "k _! op9ions on ! subject or p]haps x is simply because we are glad to h a *ance to he> !m talk--at any rate _m editors make any great ev5t an excuse = a s]ies ( int]views4 ,?is is illu/rat$ by ! op9ions ( ! v>i\s labor lead]s t 7 pr9t$ ) ! /ory ( ! rec5t confession ( ! ,mc,namara bro!rs4 ,9 su* a case1 ! report] mu/ make ! reason = ! int]view 8 />t+ po9t 9 ! report & mu/ indicate v pla9ly :y ! man 0 int]view$4 ,?is idea ( timel9ess is v (t5 c>ri$ to ! ext5t ( mak+ ! int]view m]ely a d5ial or an ass]tion f ! m\? ( a well-kn[n man4 ,!re may be an upheaval 9 ,wall ,/reet4 ,imm$iately ! pap]s pr9t an int]view 9 :i* "s prom95t f9anci] d5ies or ass]ts t he is at ! bottom ( ! upheaval4 ,naturally ! report ( ! int]view beg9s ) ! v words ( ! d5ial or ! ass]tion4 ,v (t5 a man :5 int]view$ refuses to say any?+ on ! subject4 ,! fact t he has no?+ to say does n mean t ! int]view is n wor? report+4 ,9 fact1 t refusal to speak may be ! mo/ effective ?+ t he c\ld say4 ,! report] beg9s by tell+ t 8 man _h no?+ to say on ! subject & ends by tell+ :at he %\ld h said or :at 8 refusal to speak probably means1--if ! pap] is n too scrupul\s 9 su* matt]s4 ,at any rate1 ! d5ial or ass]tion or refusal to speak becomes ! />t+ po9t ( ! report & furni%es ! excuse = ! int]view /ory4 ,! exp&$ rem>ks t foll[ ! lead are ( c\rse important b !y are n s important z ! prim>y expression ( op9ion t ! report] w5t =4 ,! p]sonal elem5t 9 int]view+ may be c>ri$ to an extreme ext5t4 ,! man :o is int]view$ may s f> ov]%ad[ ! importance ( :at he says t ! report ( ! int]view becomes almo/ a sket* ( ! man himself4 ,t is1 ! report is fill$ ) human int]e/4 ,! quotations are int]sp]s$ ) action & description4 ,we are told h[ ! man act$ :5 he said ea* individual ?+4 ,8 appe>ance1 attitude1 expression1 & surr\nd+s become z important z 8 words & are br\ght into ! report z vividly z possible4 ,su* an int]view may become almo/ l>ge en\gh to be us$ z a special feature /ory = ! ,sunday edition1 b :5 ! human int]e/ is limit$ to a comp>atively subord9ate position ! report /ill keeps its "* z an int]view news /ory4 ,su* a ?+ may be illu/rat$ f ! daily press3 ,i w\ld r h f\r battle%ips & ne$ only two ?an to h two & ne$ f\r4 ,seat$ 9 ! cool libr>y ( ,colonel ,a4 ,k4 ,mc,clure's summ] home at ,wall+=d1 ,re> ,admiral ,w9field ,scott ,s*ley1 retir$1 ?us express$ himself ye/]day on ! ne$ ( a l>g] & great] navy4 ,aft] all has be5 said ab\t int]view+1 ! "o ?+ t a report] mu/ rememb] is t an int]view /ory is at be/ r dry & ev]y?+ t he c d to increase ! int]e/ w improve ! int]view4 ,b all ( ?is mu/ be done ) absolute fairness to ! speak] & great tru?fulness 9 ! quotation ( 8 ideas & op9ions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to come to ! te*nical =m ( ! int]view /ory1 we f9d t !re are v ne>ly z _m possible beg9n+s z 9 ! case ( ! report ( a spee*4 ,! int]view /ory mu/ beg9 ) a lead t tells :o 0 int]view$1 :51 & :]e1 :at he said 79 a quotation or an indirect summ>y71 & :y he 0 int]view$4 ,?is is l ! lead ( a spee* report 9 e p>ticul> except 9 ! timel9ess--! occasion = a spee* is seldom m5tion$ 9 ! lead1 b a report] usually tells at once :y he int]view$ ! man ^: words he quotes4 #a4 ,speak] ,beg9n+4--,! v purpose beh9d int]view+ makes ! s-call$ speak] beg9n+ mo/ common4 ,x is almo/ an inv>iable rule t ! report ( an int]view mu/ beg9 ) ! man's "n unless :at he says is ( great] importance ?an 8 "n--:i* is seldom4 ,! simple/ =m ( ! speak] beg9n+ is ! "o 9 :i* ! speak]'s "n is foll[$ directly by a summ>y ( :at he said1 z3 ,dr4 ,david ,/>r ,jordan1 presid5t ( ,lel& ,/an=d ,junior ,univ]sity1 said ye/]day at ! ,holl& ,h\se t 9 ! developm5t ( ,am]ican univ]sities educators mu/ sep>ate ! l[] two classes f ! upp] two1 ! pres5t fre%man & sophomore classes to be absorb$ by small colleges or supplem5tal high s*ools1 mak+ ! junior ye> ! fir/ 9 ! univ]sity tra9+4 ,he said ! univ]sities %\ld receive only m51 n boys4--,new ,york ,tribune4 ,ano!r k9d ( speak] beg9n+ may devote mo/ ( ! lead to ! explanation ( ! reason = ! int]view1 giv+ ! briefe/ possible summ>y ( :at 0 said3 ,?us3 ,director ,lang ( ! dep>tm5t ( public safety is go+ to place a ban on ! play+ ( t5nis on ,sunday4 ,he doesn't "k j yet h[ he is go+ to accompli% ?is1 b ye/]day he decl>$ t he w\ld f9d "s law applicable to ! case4--,pittsburgh ,gazette-,times4 ,"o /ep fur!r br+s u to ! entire exclusion ( ! result ( ! int]view f ! lead4 ,9 ?is case ! reason = ! int]view occupies ! entire lead & we mu/ read "p ( ! second p>agraph to f9d :at ! man said2 ?us3 ,*>les ,f4 ,wa%burn1 ,ri*mond ,hill's wiz>d ( f9ance1 promises to appe> at 8 brok]'s (fice 9 ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j41 ?is morn+ ) a fre% bank roll1 accumulat$ s9ce ! close ( ! m>ket on ,saturday4 7,! second p>agraph tells :at x is all ab\t & ! ?ird quotes 8 words47--,new ,york ,_w4 ,x is to be not$ t 9 ea* ( ! above leads ! speak]'s "n is always accompani$ by a ^w or two tell+ :o he is & :y he 0 int]view$4 ,fur!rmore ! report] himself has no m place 9 ! lead ?an if he 7 report+ a spee*--8 exi/5ce & ! "p he play$ 9 gett+ ! int]view are /rictly ignor$4 #b4 ,summ>y ,beg9n+4--,!re are two common ways ( beg9n+ an int]view /ory ) a summ>y4 ,fir/1 ! lead may beg9 ) a t-clause :i* embodies ! gi/ ( ! int]view2 ?is is l ! t-clause beg9n+ ( ! report ( a spee*2 ?us3 ,t ! app>5t apa?y among ! vot]s ( ! c\ntry is m]ely cont5tm5t ) ! pres5t adm9i/ration ( affairs by ! ,republican p>ty is ! cont5tion ( ex-,s5ator ,john ,m4 ,?ur/on ( ,nebraska4 ,mr4 ,?ur/on 0 at ,republican national headqu>t]s today1 etc4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,secondly ! summ>y beg9n+ is us$ 9 ! case ( an int]view t is a d5ial or an ass]tion by ! man int]view$4 ,! lead beg9s ) a clause or a p>ticipial phrase embody+ ! sub/ance ( ! int]view1 & ! "n ( ! speak] is made ! subject ( a v]b ( d5y+ or ass]t+2 ?us3 ,decl>+ t 8 (fice is run z economically z possible1 ,%]iff ,h4 ,e4 ,franke d5i$ on ,sunday t he _h exp5d$ m ?an #fhh = auto hire to collect #a1dji4bh ( alleg$ taxes4 7,! second p>agraph beg9s ) a direct quotation47--,milwaukee ,s5t9el4 ,al?\gh he _h %>ply criticis$ ,roosevelt's special message condemn+ "s ( ! uses to :i* ! possessors ( l>ge =tunes are putt+ _! weal?1 ,presid5t ,jacob ,g\ld ,s*urman1 ,cornell ,univ]sity1 decl9$ to discuss ,roosevelt or 8 policies 9 ,milwaukee ye/]day4 ,he said t he 0 n talk+ politics4 7,! re/ ( ! report is a quotation ( 8 views on college a?letics47--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 #c4 ,quotation ,beg9n+4--,_m reports ( int]views beg9 ) a direct quotation4 ,! logic ( ?is is t ! expression ( op9ion is1 9 "s cases1 ( m int]e/ ?an ! "n ( ! man :o express$ ! op9ion4 ,sometimes ! "n ( ! speak] is n consid]$ wor? m5tion+ & 9 t case a direct quotation is ! only advisable beg9n+2 ?us3 ,) ! prices ( food = hogs & cattle go+ up1 x is natural t ! food--beef & pork--= u humans %\ld keep pace4 ,?is 0 ! logic ( an ea/-side but*] :o discuss$ ! probable rise 9 ! prices ( meat4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 ,sometimes a %ort quotation is us$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! lead v mu* z a title is us$ 9 a spee* report2 ?us3 ,,new ,,york1 ,june #a4--;,a bus9ess proposition :i* %\ld h be5 put 9 effect ne>ly tw5ty ye>s ago1 0 ,john ,wanamak]'s comm5t today on ! adoption ( #b-;c5t lett] po/age betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 ,if ! quotation at ! beg9n+ consi/s ( only "o s5t5ce ! "n ( ! speak] may be run into ! same p>agraph2 ?us3 ,judge ,mc,pherson's rec5t decision decl>+ ,miss\ri's #b-;c5t f>e confiscatory is an indication t ve/$ int]e/s are entitl$ to "s protection & t legislatures mu/ n g too f> 9 regulat+ !m1 said ,sir ,?omas ,%aughnessy1 presid5t ( ! ,canadian ,pacific road1 on ,sunday4--,milwaukee ,s5t9el4 ,h[ev] if ! quotation at ! beg9n+ conta9s m ?an "o s5t5ce x is be/ to p>agraph ! quotation sep>ately & leave ! "n ( ! speak] until ! second p>agraph2 ?us3 ,! ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor w ent] ! national campaign by seek+ to place labor c&idates on ! tickets ( ! old p>ties4 ,an indep5d5t labor p>ty is ev5tually contemplat$4 ,b !re is n "t to get results 9 t way 9 ! next national campaign4 ,s said ,h4 ,c4 ,raas*1 national presid5t ( ! tile-lay]s1 ^u 8 return ye/]day1 etc4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 #d4 ,human ,int]e/ ,beg9n+4--,?is is a designation devis$ to cov] a multitude ( beg9n+s4 ,a human int]e/ int]view may beg9 ) a quotation1 a summ>y1 a "n1 or an action4 ,! aim is necess>ily t[>d unconv5tionality & ! =m ( ! lead is left to ! orig9ality ( ! report]4 ,a few examples may illu/rate :at is meant by ! human int]e/ beg9n+3 ,!re goes ano!r /r+4 ,drat ^? /r+s6 ,only ,joseph ,calud] didn't say ,drat4 ,say1 d y "k t ,i h sp5t pretty ne>ly #a1jjj = /r+s = t viol98 ,well1 x's a fact4 ,li/54 ,etc4--,milwaukee ,s5t9el4 ,fire ,m>%al ,james ,horan nev] b\ght a firecrack]1 b = _m ye>s he has celebrat$ ,indep5d5ce day 9 ! ?ick ( fires4 ,he nev] own$ a gun or revolv]4 ,8 la/ pray] be=e try+ to snat* a little ne$$ sleep ,friday night w be ( ! tw(old =m1 etc4--,*icago ,po/4 ,aft] :at has be5 said ab\t ! body ( a spee* report1 !re is little m to be said ab\t ! body ( an int]view /ory4 ,! same rules apply 9 bo? cases4 ,! body ( ! report %\ld conta9 z mu* direct quotation z possible4 ,h[ev] no?+ less ?an a s5t5ce %\ld be quot$--t is1 e quotation %\ld be a complete s5t5ce1 ) indirect explanation4 ,:5ev] ,said ! speak] or ,mr4 ,br[n cont9u$ or any simil> expression is work$ into ! direct quotation x %\ld always be plac$ at ! end ( ! s5t5ce2 nev] beg9 a quotation 9 ?is way3--,mr4 ,jones cont9u$1 ,fur!rmore ,i w\ld say1 etc4 ,9 ! same way1 :5 a p>agraph conta9s bo? direct & indirect quotation1 ! direct quotation %\ld be plac$ at ! beg9n+4 ,:5ev] x is possible1 con/ruct solid p>agraphs ( quotation1 & solid p>agraphs ( summ>y4 ,! report z a :ole mu/ h coh]5ce & a logical sequ5ce2 = ?is a limit$ am\nt ( indirect quotation may be us$ to fill 9 ! gaps 9 ! logic ( ! direct quotation4 ,accord+ to ! usage ( ! be/ newspap]s ( to-day ! report] mu/ nev] be br\ght into ! report ( an int]view4 ,8 exi/5ce mu/ nev] be m5tion$ al?\gh e read] kn[s t "s report] secur$ ! int]view4 ,9 ! old days report]s delight$ 9 br++ !mselves into _! /ories z repres5tatives ( ! press or a report] = ! ,dispat*1 b t practice has gone ! way ( ! report]'s lea!r-b\nd notebook4 ,! int]view may be told satisfactorily )\t a m5tion ( ! report]2 h5ce newspap] usage has put a ban on 8 appe>ance 9 8 /ory4 ,,gr\p ,,int]views ,we h said t a man is seldom int]view$ )\t a reason2 !re is always a timel9ess 9 int]view+4 ,any unusual ev5t ( broad importance becomes an excuse = ! editor to pr9t ! op9ion ( "s prom95t man on "s phase ( ! ev5t4 ,sometimes ! ev5t is ( su* importance t ! editor wi%es to pr9t ! op9ions ( sev]al m5 on ! subject2 or m ?an "o prom95t man may be involv$ 9 ! affair & ! public may wi% to he> ! op9ions ( e "o involv$4 ,9 su* a case :5 sev]al m5 are int]view$ 9 reg>d to ! same ev5t x is consid]$ r useless & ineffective to pr9t _! int]views sep>ately & ! sev]al int]view /ories are ga!r$ toge!r into "o /ory & arrang$ 9 su* a way t !y may be comp>$4 ,!re are sev]al ways ( do+ ?is4 ,if ! case or ev5t is v well kn[n1 a lead or summ>y ( ! sev]al int]views is consid]$ unnecess>y & ! words ( ! v>i\s m5 are gr\p$ toge!r "u a s+le headl9e4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by ! int]views t 7 pr9t$ aft] ! confessions ( ! ,mc,namara bro!rs ( ,los ,angeles 9 ! rec5t dynamit+ case4 ,! ,wiscons9 ,/ate ,j\rnal may be tak5 z repres5tative4 ,?is pap] pr9t$ ! /atem5ts ( twelve prom95t m5 int]e/$ 9 ! case 9 a ?ree-column box "u a long head2 ?us3 ,lead]s ,discuss ! ,case ,samuel ,gomp]s1 presid5t ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor--,i am a/\nd$2 ,i am a/\nd$2 my cr$ulity has be5 impos$ ^u4 ,x is a bolt out ( a cle> sky4 99 99 99 99 99 ,john ,t4 ,smi?1 presid5t ,miss\ri ,f$]ation ( ,labor--,i c n believe x4 ,b if ! ,mc,namaras blew up ! ,times build+ !y %\ld be fully puni%$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,g54 ,h>rison ,grey ,otis1 publi%] ( ! ,times--,! result may be & ought to be1 etc4 ,if ! case _h n be5 ( su* broad int]e/ a lead embody+ a summ>y ( ! int]views might h prec$$ ! individual /atem5ts4 ,x might h be5 done 9 ?is way3 ,great surprise has be5 express$ by ! prom95t labor lead]s ( ! c\ntry at ! confession ( ! ,mc,namara bro!rs 9 ,los ,angeles ye/]day4 ,t organiz$ labor _h no connection ) ! "w ( ^! m5 & t !y %\ld be fully puni%$ is ! cons5sus ( op9ion4 ,samuel ,gomp]s1 presid5t ,am]ican ,f$]ation ( ,labor--,i am a/\nd$2 ,i am a/\nd$2 my cr$ulity has be5 impos$ ^u4 ,x is a bolt out ( a cle> sky4 ,john ,t4 ,smi?1 presid5t ,miss\ri ,f$]ation ( ,labor--,i c n believe x4 ,etc4 ,9 su* a /ory z ! above1 ! /atem5ts are usually pr9t$ )\t quotation m>ks2 ea* p>agraph beg9s ) a man's "n1 foll[$ by a da% & :at he said4 ,! gr\p+ toge!r ( sev]al int]views is (t5 done less =mally4 ,! :ole ?+ may be writt5 z a runn+ /ory1 & sometimes ! names ( ! p]sons int]view$ are omitt$2 ?us3 ,proprietors ( ! big fl[] %ops1 ! places f :i* blossoms are deliv]$ 9 highly poli%$ & ornate wagons1 drawn by horses t might w9 blue ribbons1 & :]e1 9 ! prop] season1 a s+le rose co/s ?ree doll>s1 d n approve ( ! comm5ts made by a deal] :o rec5tly fail$4 ,among ^! say+s 0 "o to ! effect t "y millionaires sp5d a ?\s& doll>s a week on fl[]s = *orus girls :o e>n twelve doll>s a week1 & :o sometimes take ! fl[]s back to ! %op to ex*ange !m = money to buy food & clo!s4 ,t's all nons5se1 said "o deal]4 7,?is p>agraph is devot$ to 8 op9ion on ! matt]47 ,we h en\gh tr\ble 9 ?is bus9ess1 said ano!r deal]1 )\t hav+ ?is silly talk giv5 to ! public4 7,?is p>agraph gives ?is deal]'s op9ion7--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 7,ea* p>agraph is devot$ to a s+le int]view47 ,! same p>agraph may be done ) m local color z 9 ! foll[+3 ,*9at[n feels deeply its b]eavem5t 9 ! dea?s ( ! ,empress ,d[ag] & ! ,emp]or ( ,*9a4 ,*9at[n m\rns1 b x does s 9 su* an unobtrusive ,ori5tal way t ! casual visitor on sympa?y b5t may feel t 8 words ( condol5ce w\ld be misplac$4 ,a report] f ?is pap] 0 assign$ ye/]day to g up to ,*9at[n & 9 z delicate a way z possible to ga!r "s ( ! s5tim5ts ( appreciation ( ! m]its ( ,kuang-hsu & 8 lam5t$ aunt1 ,tzu-hsi4 ,he 0 told t he might write a little ab\t ! picturesque ?\gh nev]!less s9c]e expressions ( m\rn+ t he might obs]ve 9 ,pell & ,mott /reets4 ,mr4 ,jaw ,gum1 s5ior p>tn] 9 ! firm ( ,jaw ,gum ,co41 import]s ( cig>s1 cig>ettes1 dead duck's eggs & ,*9ese delicatess51 ( #g ,pell /reet1 0 at home4 ,mr4 ,gum 0 approa*$4 ,we w\ld l to le>n a little ab\t ! arrangem5ts t are be+ made by ! ,*9ese to indicate _! sorr[ at ! dea?s ( _! belov$ rul]s4 ,:at numb]8 qu]i$ ,mr4 ,gum4 ,! "q 0 repeat$4 ,p'licyman1 he "k1 rem>k$ ,mr4 ,gum sagely4 7,s on = a column ) int]views & /atem5ts f sev]al ( ,mr4 ,gum's neighbors47--,new ,york ,sun4 ,b ?is is v mu* l a human int]e/ /ory--! report] takes "p 9 x--& we %all discuss t lat]4 ,,xii ,,c\rt ,,report+ ,probably few classes ( news /ories pres5t su* a lack ( uni=mity & su* a v>iety ( treatm5ts z ! reports ( c\rt news4 ,legal /ories belong to "o ( ! few sorts ( /ories t d n t5d to become sy/ematiz$4 ,b !re is a reason = almo/ ev]y?+ 9 a newspap] & !re is also a reason = ! fre$om t report]s are all[$ 9 report+ te/imony4 ,! reason 9 ?is case is probably 9 ! fact t v r>ely d two c\rt /ories possess ! same sort ( int]e/ or ! same news value4 ,we h se5 t reports ( spee*es are pr9t$ 9 ! daily press because our read]s are int]e/$ 9 ! cont5t ( ! spee* or 9 ! man :o utt]$ x4 ,9 ! same way1 our read]s are int]e/$ 9 int]views because ( ! man :o 0 int]view$1 because ( _! cont5t1 or because ( _! be>+ on "s curr5t ev5t4 ,on ! o!r h& !re is an inf9ite numb] ( reasons :y a c\rt /ory is wor? pr9t+ or :y x may n be wor? a l9e4 ,sometimes ! int]e/ is 9 ! p]sons involv$2 sometimes 9 ! significance ( ! decision4 ,p may also be int]e/$ 9 a case because ( its political or legal significance or m]ely because ( ! s5sational te/imony t is giv54 ,& aga9 a v trivial case may be wor? a l>ge am\nt ( space 9 ! daily pap] j because ( its human int]e/--because ( ! pa?os or humor t ! report] c br+ into x4 ,?us ! result+ reports are h>d to classify4 ,ea* "o dep5ds on a diff]5t factor = its int]e/ & ea* mu/ be writt5 9 a diff]5t way s t its individual int]e/ may be mo/ effective4 ,h[ev] !re are g5]al t5d5cies 9 ! report+ ( c\rt news4 ,! news itself is comp>atively easy to get4 ,9 a l>ge city e c\rt is wat*$ e day by a repres5tative ( ! press1 ei!r a report] = an individual pap] or = a city news ga!r+ association4 ,9 "s cities :]e !re is no indep5d5t news ga!r+ ag5cy pap]s sometimes club toge!r to keep "o report] at ea* c\rt4 ,! man :o is on duty mu/ wat* all day long = cases t are ( int]e/ = "o reason or ano!r4 ,ev5 ) all ?is safegu>d+ sometimes an important case slips by ! pap]s2 (t5 ! report] on duty consid]s ( little int]e/ a case t is wor? columns :5 "s pap] digs into x4 ,e report] h[ev] :o is try+ to d c\rt report+ %\ld le>n ! ord9>y r\t9e ( legal proce$+s2 = example1 ! place & purpose ( ! pleas1 ! direct & cross exam9ation ( witnesses1 & o!r legal bus9ess4 ,z we %all see :5 we beg9 to write c\rt reports1 x is necess>y to ex]cise e possible trick to put int]e/ into ! /ory4 ,9 ! actual c\rt room all t relieves ! dre>y monotony ( legal proce$+s is an occasional bit ( int]e/+ te/imony4 ,& :5 ! report] tries to report a case he sometimes f9ds t int]e/+ te/imony is all t w light5 up ! dull monotony ( 8 /ory4 ,!re=e :ile he is li/5+ to a case he tries to get d[n v]batim a l>ge numb] ( ! int]e/+ que/ions & answ]s4 ,or if he is unable to be pres5t he tries to get hold ( ! c\rt /5ograph]'s record to copy out bits ( te/imony = 8 acc\nt4 ,beyond ?is record+ ( te/imony !re is really little difficulty 9 c\rt report+ except ! difficulty ( sep>at+ ! int]e/+ f ! great mass ( un9t]e/+ matt]4 ,z to ! actual writ+ ( ! report ( a legal trial1 ! "o ?+ t ! report] mu/ rememb] is t a case is seldom report$ = ! public's int]e/ 9 ! case itself4 ,!re is usually "s o!r reason :y ! editor wants a half a column ( x4 ,t reason is ! ?+ t ! report] mu/ wat* = & :5 he f9ds x he mu/ make x ! feature ( 8 report to be embodi$ 9 ! fir/ l9e ( ! lead4 ,:5 we try to play up ! mo/ int]e/+ feature ( a c\rt report we f9d t we mu/ fall back ^u ! same beg9n+s t we us$ 9 report+ spee*es & int]views4 ,!re are sev]al possible ways ( beg9n+ su* a /ory1 dep5d+ ^u ! phase ( ! case or its te/imony t is ( greate/ importance4 #a4 ,"n ,beg9n+4--,! prop] "n beg9n+ is v common4 ,x is always us$ :5 any "o ( prom95ce is involv$ 9 ! /ory or :5 ! "n1 al?\gh unkn[n1 c be made int]e/+ 9 itself--z 9 a human int]e/ /ory4 ,! "n is usually made ! subject ( ! v]b te/ifi$1 z 9 ?is lead3 ,a4 ,f4 ,law1 secret>y ( ! ,temple ,iron ,company1 a subsidi>y company ( ! ,read+ ,coal & ,iron ,company1 call$ be=e ! gov]nm5t inve/igation ( ! alleg$ comb9ation ( coal c>ry+ roads1 te/ifi$ today 9 ! ,f$]al build+ t f\r roads _h contribut$ #dhh1jjj to make up ! deficit ( ! ,temple company dur+ ?ree ye>s ( coal /rikes4--,new ,york ,sun4 ,! "n ( a well-kn[n company (t5 makes a good beg9n+3 ,! ,/&>d ,oil ,company s5t a sweep+ broadside into ! ,gov]nm5t's case ye/]day at ! he>+ 9 ! suit seek+ to dissolve ! ,/&>d ,oil ,company ( ,new ,j]sey "u ! ,%]man anti-tru/ law1 :5 witnesses began to tell ( ! "* ( a numb] ( m5 ! ,gov]nm5t _h plac$ ^u ! witness /&4--,new ,york ,times4 ,! "n ( ! judge himself may be us$ 9 ! fir/ l9e3 ,judge ,mulque5 ( ,g5]al ,sessions expla9$ today :y he _h s5t5c$ two prison]s to g home & s]ve "t ) ! families4 ,?is puni%m5t 0 impos$ ye/]day :5 bo? m5 plead$ drunk5ness z _! excuse = trivial (f5ses4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 #b4 ,cont9u$ ,case ,beg9n+4--,_m c\rt reports beg9 ) ! "n ( ! case :5 ! case has be5 runn+ = "s "t & is well kn[n4 ,ea* individual /ory on su* a case is j a cont9uation ( a sort ( s]ial /ory t has be5 runn+ = "s "t & 9 ! lead ea* day ! report] tries to summ>ize ! progress t has be5 made 9 ! case dur+ ! day's he>+4 ,h[ev] ea* /ory1 l a foll[-up /ory1 is writt5 9 su* a way t a k ( previ\s /ories is n necess>y to a cle> und]/&+3 ,! he>+ ye/]day 9 ! ,gov]nm5t's suit to dissolve ! ,/&>d ,oil ,company end$ ) a dramatic incid5t4 ,mr4 ,kellogg s\ght to %[ t ! ,/&>d compell$ a wid[1 ,mrs4 ,jones1 ( ,mobile1 ,ala41 to sell out h] little oil bus9ess at a ru9\s sacrifice4--,new ,york ,_w4 ,9 "s cases ?is sort ( a lead beg9s ) ! m]e m5tion ( ! cont9u+ ( ! trial3 ,at ! op5+ ( ! def5ce today 9 ! sug> trials be=e ,judge ,m>t9 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,circuit ,c\rt1 ,james ,f4 ,b5d]nagal took ! witness *air 9 8 own behalf1 etc4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 #c4 ,summ>y ,beg9n+4--,! lead ( a c\rt report (t5 beg9s ) a brief summ>y ( ! result ( ! trial or ( ! day's he>+3 ,:at ! ,gov]nm5t has *>act]iz$ z unfair competition & discrim9ation on ! "p ( ! ,/&>d ,oil ,company cont9u$ to be ! subject ( ! inve/igation ( t corporation today be=e ,frankl9 ,f]ris ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ref]ee1 9 ! ,cu/om ,h\se4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,! summ>y may be pres5t$ 9 z =mal a way z ! t-clause beg9n+ :i* we us$ 9 reports ( spee*es3 ,t ! ,adams' ,express ,company's bus9ess 9 ,new ,engl& 9 #aiji yield$ a pr(it repres5t+ #de p] c5t4 on ! inve/m5t1 includ+ real e/ate &1 except+ real e/ate1 a net income ( m ?an #hc p] c5t41 came out 9 ! c\rse ( ! he>+ be=e ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission1 etc4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 #d4 ,direct ,quotation ,beg9n+4--,a direct quotation ( "s /rik+ /atem5t made by ! judge1 by a lawy]1 by a witness1 or by any "o connect$ ) ! trial may be us$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! lead4 ,"h is a lead beg9n+ ) a quotation f ! title ( a case3 ,capta9 ,dick & ,capta9 ,lewis1 ,indians1 = & on behalf ( ! ,yokayo tribe ( ,indians1 vs4 ,f4 ,c4 ,alb]tson1 ,t4 ,j4 ,weldon1 z adm9i/rator ( ! e/ate ( ,*>ley1 ,indian1 deceas$1 ,m9nehaha1 ,ollagoola1 ,hiawa?a1 ,wanahana1 ,pocahontas1 etc4 ,s runs ! title ( z unusual a case z juri/s1 etc4--,san ,francisco ,exam9]4 #e4 ,human ,int]e/ ,beg9n+4--,! human int]e/ beg9n+ is a m or less free beg9n+ :i* may be us$ 9 ! report+ ( r insignificant cases :i* are ( value only = ! human int]e/ 9 !m4 ,! beg9n+ is capable ( almo/ any treatm5t s long z x br+s out ! humor1 beauty1 or pa?os ( ! situation4 ,sometimes ! /ory beg9s ) a r /rik+ summ>y ( ! unusual ?+s t came out 9 ! te/imony1 z 9 ?is case3 ,h[ sudd5ly & h[ radically a woman c ex]cise h] inali5able pr]ogative & *ange h] m9d is %[n 9 ! te/am5t>y disposition made ( h] e/ate by ,mrs4 ,j5nie ,l4 ,ramsay4 ,%e made a w on ,july #d la/1 at #c o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 leav+ h] prop]ty to h] husb&1 & at #g o'clock 9 ! ev5+ ( ! same day %e made ano!r w 9 :i* %e took ! prop]ty away f h] husb&4--,new ,york ,times4 ,"h is an int]e/+ illu/ration ( ! use ( a trivial incid5t z ! basis = a humor\s lead3 ,bang1 an ,engli% sett] dog1 accus$ ( bit+ #aa-ye>-old ,sophie ,kahn1 made an excell5t witness 9 ! ,city ,c\rt today :5 8 own]1 ,hirman ,l4 ,phelps1 a real e/ate deal] ( ! ,bronx1 appe>$ z def5dant 9 a damage suit br\ght by ! girl = #b1jjj4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,! lead ( a report ( legal proce$+s is v mu* l ! lead ( a report ( a spee* or an int]view4 ,x always beg9s ) ! mo/ int]e/+ fact 9 ! case & briefly summ>izes ! result ( ! trial or ! day's he>+4 ,x is to be not$ t ! lead ( su* a /ory always includes a designation ( ! c\rt 9 :i* ! he>+ 0 held & usually ! "n ( ! judge & ( ! case4 ,aft] ! lead is f9i%$ a c\rt report usually turns into a runn+ /ory ( ! evid5ce z x 0 pres5t$4 ,?is may be cond5s$ into a p>agraph1 giv+ ! read] m]ely ! po9t ( ! day's he>+1 or x may be exp&$ into sev]al columns foll[+ ! te/imony m or less closely4 ,9 =m1 x is v mu* l ! summ>y p>agraphs 9 ! body ( a spee* report4 ,! result is usually m or less dry & report]s (t5 resort to a means1 simil> to dialogue 9 fiction1 to light5 x up4 ,"s ( ! m important te/imony is giv5 v]batim int]sp]s$ ) indirect summ>ies ( ! long] or less important spee*es4 ,its pres5tation usually foll[s ! ord9>y rules ( dialogue4 ,"h is an extract f su* a /ory3 ,aft] describ+ himself z a bre$] ( horses1 ,gideon said t he 0 a memb] ( ! ,metropolitan ,turf ,association1 ! bookmak]s' organization1 b _h nev] be5 engag$ 9 bookmak+4 ,he did n "k :]e ,eddie ,burke1 ,tim ,sullivan 7n ! politician71 or any ( ! o!r miss+ bookies c\ld be f\nd4 ,y are a memb] ( ! executive committee ( ! ,metropolitan ,turf ,association8 ask$ ,isidor ,j4 ,kresel1 assi/ant c\nsel ( ! committee4 ,yes4 ,n[1 :at did y\r committee d 9 #aijh1 :5 ! anti-race track legislation 0 p5d+8 ,i don't "k4 99 99 99 99 99 ,h[ mu* did y pay 9 #aijh8 ,two hundr$ & fifty doll>s4 ,to :om8 ,mr4 ,sullivan4 ,:at =8 ,dea? assessm5ts4 ,gideon said t ! little he knew ( ! do+s ( ! ,mets 0 f conv]sation ) ! bookies4 ,etc41 etc4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,sometimes ?is direct te/imony is giv51 n 9 ! dialogue =m1 b z que/ions & answ]s4 ,?us3 ,9 reply to o!r que/ions1 ,b5d]nagel said he ord]$ ! (fice supplies1 look$ aft] ! insurance on ! sug>1 & 0 responsible = ! fuel1 "s #gjj tons ( coal a day4 ,"q4--,h[ mu* money 0 paid ?r\gh y\r (fice 9 ! c\rse ( a ye>8 ,answ]4--,f\r million doll>s4 ,q4--,s y\rs 0 a busy (fice8 ,a4--,exce$+ly s4 ,q4--,h[ long 7 ! raw sug> cl]ks 9 y\r (fice8 ,a4--,ab\t tw5ty ye>s4 ,etc41 etc4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,"s pap]s w\ld arrange ^! que/ions & answ]s diff]5tly1 p>agraph+ ea* spee* sep>ately z 9 dialogue3 ,"q4--,did y regulate _! duties 9 any way8 ,answ]4--,no4 ,q4--,7 y connect$ ) ! docks8 ,a4--,no2 t 0 a sep>ate dep>tm5t4 ,x _h its own =ces1 & !y work$ "u ,mr4 ,spitz]4 ,he _h entire *>ge4 ,etc41 etc4 ,! c\rt records take cognizance only ( ! actual words utt]$ 9 ! te/imony1 b a newspap] report] nev] fails to record any action or movem5t t indicates some?+ beyond ! words4 ,v (t5 action is br\ght 9 m]ely = its human int]e/2 ?us3 ,h[ long has x be5 s9ce y h _h a maid8 ask$ ,mr4 ,%e>n sadly4 ,n = "s "t1 %e said4 ,away back 9 #aijg1 ,i ?9k4 ,:at did x co/ y = two rooms & ba? at ! ,hotel ,belmont1 :]e y liv$ la/ ye>8 ,ab\t #cjj a week altoge!r4 ,! rooms co/ #bj a day4 ,!re 7 te>s 9 h] eyes :5 %e expla9$ t %e c\ld no long] af=d to keep up h] own automobile4 ,etc41 etc4 --,milwaukee ,free ,press4 ,?is sort ( dialogue is dang]\s & may easily be ov]work$1 b x is v (t5 extremely effective4 ,"o ^w l sadly1 above1 may convey m mean+ ?an _m l9es ( explanation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^! quotations are usually int]sp]s$ ) p>agraphs :i* summ>ize ! unimportant int]v5+ te/imony4 ,! runn+ /ory attempts to foll[ ! progress ( ! he>+ 9 great] or less detail1 dep5d+ ^u ! space giv5 to ! /ory1 j z a spee* report attempts to foll[ a public disc\rse4 ,dry & unimportant facts are briefly summ>iz$1 int]e/+ p>ts ( ! te/imony are quot$ 9 full4 ,! runn+ /ory is usually writt5 :ile ! he>+ is 9 session or tak5 f a /5ographic report ( ! he>+4 ,aft] ! runn+ /ory has be5 complet$1 ! report] prep>es a lead = ! beg9n+ to summ>ize ! results or to play up ! mo/ significant "p ( ! /ory4 ,if ! runn+ /ory is %ort a lead ( "o p>agraph is suffici5t1 b if x is long1 ! lead may be exp&$ into sev]al p>agraphs4 ,,xiii ,,social ,,news ,,& ,,obitu>ies ,! /udy ( newspap] treatm5t ( social news is a broad "o4 ,e newspap] has its own sy/em ( h&l+ social news & ! g5]al t5d5cies t are to be not$ deal r ) ! facts t are pr9t$ ?an ) ! mann] ( treatm5t4 ,e newspap] gives practically ! same facts ab\t a w$d+ b ea* individual newspap] has a me?od ( its own ( writ+ up ^? facts4 ,"o ?+ t is always true ( social news report+ is t ! am\nt ( space giv5 to social items v>ies inv]sely ) ! importance ( ! newspap] & ! size ( ! city 9 :i* x is pr9t$4 ,a little c\ntry weekly or semi-weekly 9 a small t[n does n hesitate to run two columns or m on ,sadie ,smi?'s w$d+4 ,! report runs into m9ute details & anecdotes t all ( ! ,weekly's read]s "k be=e ! pap] arrives4 ,b ! editor pr9ts ev]y?+ he c f9d or inv5t simply because all ( 8 read]s are m or less p]sonally connect$ ) ! affair & are anxi\s to see _! names 9 pr9t & to read ab\t !mselves4 ,! lib]ty t su* an editor gives himself is ( c\rse impossible 9 a l>g] pap]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a daily 9 a city ( av]age size w\ld r$uce su* a /ory to a /ickful & a metropolitan daily w\ld run only a "o-l9e ann\ncem5t 9 ! ,li/ ( m>riages1 unless ! /ory 0 especially int]e/+4 ,! same ?+ applies to all social /ories4 ,"s metropolitan newspap]s d n run social news at all4 ,all ( ?is is true because social news is gov]n$ by ! same pr9ciples t regulate all news values4 ,unless a society ev5t has "s feature t is int]e/+ imp]sonally--t is1 ( int]e/ to read]s :o d n "k ! pr9cipals ( ! ev5t--x is ( value only z a l>g] or small] numb] ( ! pap]'s read]s are p]sonally connect$ ) ! ev5t4 ,h5ce 9 a small t[n :]e e "o kn[s e "o else1 society news is ( great value4 ,9 a l>ge city a v small proportion ( ! read]s are connect$ ) ! social items t ! pap] has to pr9t & are !re=e n int]e/$ 9 !m--accord+ly ! newspap] ei!r cuts !m d[n to a m9imum ( space or does n run !m at all4 ,!re=e 9 our /udy society news falls into two classes3 social items t are ( int]e/ only 9 !mselves to p]sons connect$ ) ! ev5ts2 & big society /ories or unusual social ev5ts t are ( int]e/ to read]s :o are n acqua9t$ ) ! pr9cipals4 #a4 ,w$d+s4--,! w$d+ /ory r$uc$ to its l[e/ t]ms 9 a metropolitan pap] consi/s ( a "o-l9e ann\ncem5t 9 ! li/ ( ,m>riages or ,m>riage ,lic5ses2 ?us3 ,,smi?-,,jones--,feb4 #ad1 ,ka!r9e ,jones to ,*>les ,c4 ,smi?4--,new ,york ,times4 ,if ! pap] runs a few columns ( social news & ! p]sons conc]n$ 9 ! w$d+ are ( any importance socially1 ! w$d+ may be giv5 a /ickful4 ,su* an acc\nt w\ld conf9e itself entirely to names & facts & w\ld be *>act]iz$ by v decid$ simplicity & brevity4 ,usually no?+ m w\ld be giv5 ?an ! names & address ( ! bride's p>5ts1 ! bride's fir/ "n1 ! groom's "n1 ! place1 & ! "n ( ! m9i/] :o (ficiat$4 ,occasionally ! "n ( ! be/ man & a few o!r details are add$1 b nev] does ! /ory become p]sonal4 ,x is int]e/+ only to ^? :o "k or "k ( ! p]sons conc]n$4 ,= example3 ,,smi?-,,jones ,! m>riage ( ,miss ,ka!r9e ,m4 ,jones1 eld] daught] ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,r&olph ,jones1 #bec ,n9? /reet1 & ,*>les ,c4 ,smi? 0 celebrat$ at #d o'clock ye/]day aft]noon at ! ,fir/ ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 #gcf ,gr& av5ue4 ,rev4 ,william ,br[n1 rector ( ! *ur*1 p]=m$ ! c]emony4 ,x w be not$ t 9 ! above /ory ! "n ( ! bride is writt5 out 9 full1 ,miss ,ka!r9e ,m4 ,jones4 ,_m newspap]s1 h[ev]1 w\ld simply give h] fir/ "n1 ?us3 ,ka!r9e1 eld] daught] ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,r&olph ,jones4 ,if ! above w$d+ 7 ( great] importance m details might be giv54 ,^! w\ld include ! att5dants1 descriptions ( ! g[ns ( ! bride & h] att5dants1 ! gue/s f out ( t[n1 music1 decorations1 ! reception1 & p]haps "s ( ! pres5ts4 ,sometimes ! w$d+ trip & an ann\ncem5t ( :5 & :]e ! c\ple w be at home are add$4 ,! above /ory might run on into detail some?+ l ?is3 ,miss ,jones1 :o 0 giv5 9 m>riage by h] fa!r1 wore a :ite sat9 g[n trimm$ ) ,v5etian po9t lace1 & h] po9t lace veil1 a family heirloom1 0 caught ) orange blossoms4 ,%e c>ri$ a b\quet ( :ite sweet peas & lilies ( ! valley4 ,miss ,doro?y ,jones1 a si/] ( ! bride1 :o 0 maid ( honor1 wore a g[n ( gre5 *iffon ov] sat91 ) l+]ie hat1 & c>ri$ sweet peas4 ,d\glas ,jackson 0 ! be/ man & ! u%]s 7 ,dr4 ,john ,b4 ,smi?1 ,samuel ,smi?1 ,gordon ,hunt1 ,rodney ,dext]1 ,norris ,k5ny1 & ,ar?ur ,john/on4 ,a reception foll[$ ! c]emony at ! home ( ! bride's p>5ts4 ,?is is probably z long a /ory z any av]age pap] w\ld run on any w$d+1 unless ! w$d+ _h "s /rik+ feature t w\ld make ! /ory ( int]e/ to read]s :o did n "k ! pr9cipals4 ,note 9 ! =ego+ /ory ! simplicity & imp]sonal tone4 ,!re is a weal? ( facts b !re is no color+4 ,?is tone %\ld *>act]ize e society /ory4 ,a li/ ( out-(-t[n gue/s might h be5 add$1 b z (t5 t w\ld be omitt$4 ,9 "s cases ! la/ s5t5ce might be foll[$ by an ann\ncem5t l ?is3 ,! bride & bridegroom h gone on a w$d+ t\r ( ! ,we/2 aft] ,april #a !y w be at home at #gf ,kimb>k av5ue4 ,9 ?is connection ! "y report] %\ld note ! di/9ctions 9 mean+ ( ! v>i\s words us$ 9 a w$d+ /ory4 ,= in/ance1 he %\ld consult ! diction>y = ! exact use ( ! v]bs to m>ry & to w$--he %\ld "k :o is m>ri$1 :o is m>ri$ to1 & :o is giv5 9 m>riage1 etc4 ,he %\ld also "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 a m>riage & a w$d+4 #b4 ,w$d+ ,ann\ncem5ts4--,w$d+ ann\ncem5ts are run 9 ! social columns ( _m pap]s4 ,^! items conta9 practically ! same facts t we f9d 9 ! /ory writt5 aft] ! w$d+1 except1 ( c\rse1 t ! report] _c dilate on decorations1 & mu/ /ick to facts4 ,^! facts usually consi/ ( ! names ( ! c\ple1 ! names ( ! bride's p>5ts1 & ! "t & ! place ( ! w$d+4 ,additionally ! report] may give ! m9i/]'s "n1 ! names ( ! maid ( honor & ( ! be/ man1 ! reception or breakfa/ to foll[1 & :]e ! c\ple w be at home4 ,! w$d+ ( ,miss ,gladys ,jones & ,ri*>d ,smi? w take place on ,w$nesday ev5+ 9 ,all ,angels' ,*ur*4 ,! bride is a daught] ( ,mrs4 ,*>les ,jones1 :o w give a bridal supp] & reception aft]w>d at h] home4 ,!re are ( c\rse _m o!r ways to beg9 ! ann\ncem5t4 ,miss ,m>y ,e4 ,mac,guire1 daught] (1 etc42 ,invitations h be5 issu$ = ! w$d+ ( ,miss1 etc42 ,"o ( ! w$d+s on = ,tuesday is t ( ,miss1 etc42 ,c>ds are out = ! w$d+ on ,saturday ( ,miss1 etc42 & _m o!rs4 ,9 ea* case ! bride's "n has ! place ( importance4 #c4 ,ann\ncem5ts ( ,engagem5ts4--,ann\ncem5ts ( engagem5ts are usually ev5 brief] ?an w$d+ ann\ncem5ts4 ,! item consi/s m]ely ( "o s5t5ce 9 :i* ! "y lady's "m or p>5ts make ! ann\ncem5t ) ! "n ( ! prospective groom4 ,mrs4 ,russell ,d4 ,jones ( #de ,n9? /reet ann\nces ! engagem5t ( h] daught]1 ,natalie1 to ,john ,mac,baine ,smi?4 ,! item may also beg9 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,x4 ,x4 ,s-&-,s ann\nce1 etc41 or simply ,ann\ncem5t is made ( ! engagem5t ( ,miss ,/ella ,blank1 daught] (1 etc4 #d4 ,receptions & ,o!r ,ent]ta9m5ts4--,if a pap] is to keep up 9 society news1 x mu/ report _m social ent]ta9m5ts4 ,h[ev]1 su* ev5ts are treat$ by l>ge dailies z simply1 briefly1 & imp]sonally z possible4 ,su* a /ory1 l ! report ( a w$d+1 consi/s m]ely ( c]ta9 usual facts4 ,! "n ( ! ho/ or ho/ess1 ! place1 ! "t1 & ! special ent]ta9m5ts are ( c\rse always includ$4 ,sometimes ! occasion = ! ev5t1 ! gue/s ( honor1 & a description ( ! decorations are add$1--also ! names ( ^? :o assi/$ ! ho/ess4 ,mrs4 ,james ,h>ris ,jones gave a reception ye/]day at h] home1 #acf ,fif? /reet1 = h] daught]1 ,miss ,doro?y ,jones4 ,9 ! receiv+ l9e 7 ,miss ,m>jorie ,smi?1 ,miss1 etc4 99 99 ,! reception 0 foll[$ by an in=mal dance4 ,if ! ev5t is held especially = dbutantes1 ! fact is not$ at ! v />t4 ,a numb] ( dbutantes assi/$ 9 receiv+ at a tea giv5 by1 etc42 ,! dbutantes ( ! w9t] 7 out 9 =ce1 etc4 ,su* a /ory is usually foll[$ by a li/ ( gue/s1 a li/ ( out-(-t[n gue/s1 a li/ ( subscrib]s1 or some?+ ( ! sort4 ,ord9>ily ! li/ is n tabulat$ b is run 9 solid1 ?us3 ,! gue/s 73 ,miss ,ka?le5 ,smi?1 ,miss ,georgia ,br[n1 etc4 ,v (t5 ! names are gr\p$ toge!r1 ?us3 ,! gue/s 73 ,! ,misses ,ka?le5 ,smi?1 ,georgia ,br[n2 ,mesdames ,rob]t ,r4 ,gre51 ,john ,r4 ,jones2 & ! ,messrs4 ,george ,hamilton1 ,francis ,bragg1 etc4 ,! numb] ( v>iations 9 su* /ories is limit$ only by ! +5uity ( ! p :o are giv+ su* ent]ta9m5ts4 ,b 9 ea* case ! report] le>ns to give ! same facts 9 mu* ! same ord]4 ,& he gives !m 9 an uncolor$1 imp]sonal way t makes ! items int]e/+ only to ^? :o are directly connect$ ) !m4 ,! /ory may v>y f a s+le s5t5ce to half a column1 b x always beg9s 9 ! same way & elaborates only ! same details4 ,be=e try+ to write up social ent]ta9m5ts1 a report] %\ld always be sure ( ! use ( ! v>i\s words he employs--*ap]on1 patroness1 etc4 ,= in/ance1 c we say t ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,smi? act$ z *ap]ons8 #e4 ,social ,ann\ncem5ts4--,social ann\ncem5ts ( any k9d are usually1 l ! w$d+ & engagem5t ann\ncem5ts1 conf9$ to a s+le s5t5ce4 ,!y tell only ! "n ( ! ho/ & ho/ess1 ! "n ( ! gue/ ( honor or ! occasion = ! ev5t1 ! "t1 & ! place4 ,?us3 ,mrs4 ,*>les ,p4 ,jones w give a dance ?is ev5+ at h] home1 #aha ,n9ete5? /reet1 to introduce h] si/]1 ,miss ,elsie ,holt4 ,a /udy ( ! =ego+ sections on society /ories %[s h[ def9itely a report] is re/rict$ 9 ! facts t he may include 9 8 social items--h[ conv5tional social /ories h become4 ,?is v re/ra9t 9 ! matt] ( facts makes x ! m necess>y = a report] to ex]cise 8 orig9ality 9 ! diction ( social items4 ,he mu/ gu>d aga9/ ! use ( c]ta9 set expressions1 l (ficiat+1 p]=m$ ! c]emony1 & solemniz$4 ,:ile re/rict$ 9 ! facts t he may give1 he mu/ try to pres5t ! same old facts 9 new & int]e/+ ways--he may ev5 resort to a mod]ate use ( f9e writ+1 if he does n become florid or frivol\s4 #f4 ,unusual ,social ,/ories4--,j z soon z any ( ^! /ories conta9s a feature t is ( int]e/ to ! g5]al public 9 an imp]sonal way x leaves ! g5]al class ( social news & becomes a news /ory to be writt5 ) ! usual lead4 ,ev5 ! pres5ce ( a v prom95t "n w make a news /ory out ( a social item4 ,= in/ance1 ! w$d+ ( ,miss ,e!l ,b>rymore 0 writt5 by _m pap]s z a news /ory4 ,on ! o!r h&1 an unusual m>riage1 an unusual elopem5t1 or any?+ unusual & int]e/+ 9 a w$d+ gives occasion = a news /ory4 ,"h is "o3 ,because _! #ae-ye>-old daught]1 ,s>ah1 m>ri$ a man o!r ?an ! "o !y _h *os51 :o is weal?y1 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,m>kovits ( #cabh ,c$> /reet h gone into deep m\rn+1 drap$ _! home 9 crepe & ann\nc$ to _! fri5ds t ,s>ah is dead4--,philadelphia ,l$g]4 ,or ! /ory may be h&l$ 9 a m humor\s way1 ?us3 ,!re is really no objection to him1 & %e is q a nice "y woman1 b to be m>ri$ s "y1 & to g on a w$d+ j\rney ) #ah 9 _! purses--b ,wallace ,jones1 /ud5t ( ! ,we/]n ,univ]sity1 & ,ru? ,smi?1 /ud5t 9 ! ,mc,kinley ,high ,s*ool1 decid$ x 0 too long a "t to wait1 & a nice old pa/or g5tleman 9 ,/4 ,joe has made !m "o4--,milwaukee ,free ,press4 #g4 ,obitu>ies4--,l _m o!r classes ( newspap] /ories1 ! obitu>y has develop$ a conv5tional =m :i* is foll[$ m or less rigidly by all ! pap]s ( ! l&4 ,e obitu>y foll[s ! same ord] & tells ! same sort ( facts ab\t its subject4 ,x beg9s ) a brief acc\nt ( ! deceas$ man's dea?1 runs on ?r\gh a v cond5s$ acc\nt ( ! pr(essional side ( 8 life & ends ) ! ann\ncem5t ( 8 fun]al or a li/ ( 8 surviv+ relatives4 ,! lead is conc]n$ only ) 8 dea?1 answ]+ ! usual que/ions ab\t :]e1 h[1 & :y1 & is writt5 to /& alone if necess>y4 ,x ord9>ily beg9s ) ! man's full "n1 because ( c\rse ! "n is ! mo/ important ?+ 9 ! /ory1 & !n tells :o he 0 & :]e he liv$4 ,?is is foll[$1 p]haps 9 ! same s5t5ce1 by ! "t ( 8 dea?1 ! cause1 & p]haps ! circum/ances4 ,?us3 ,,cambridge1 ,mass41 ,nov4 #be4--;,dr4 ,john ,h4 ,blank1 pr(essor ( ,greek at ,h>v>d s9ce #ahhg & dean ( ! ,graduate ,s*ool s9ce #ahie1 di$ at 8 home 9 ,qu9cy /reet today f he>t tr\ble4 ,pr(essor ,blank 0 an au?ority on classical subjects4--,new ,york ,tribune4 ,?is1 z y see1 might /& alone & be complete 9 itself4 ,_m obitu>ies1 h[ev]1 add ano!r p>agraph aft] ! lead 9 :i* ! circum/ances ( ! dea? are discuss$ 9 great] detail4 ,"h is ! second p>agraph ( ano!r obitu>y3 ,at #h3cj tonight ,mr4 ,blank 0 walk+ ) 8 wife on ! v]&a ( ! ,delmonte ,hotel1 :5 he sudd5ly gasp$ z if 9 great pa9 & fell to ! floor4 ,he 0 c>ri$ inside1 b 0 dead be=e ! physicians rea*$ 8 b$side4 ,apoplexy is said to h be5 ! cause4 ,next comes ! acc\nt ( ! deceas$ man's life4 ,x is told v briefly & imp]sonally & conc]ns itself *iefly ) ! ev5ts ( 8 bus9ess or pr(essional activities4 ,x is b a catalogue ( 8 a*ievem5ts & ! dates ( ^? a*ievem5ts4 ,^! facts are usually obta9$ f ! file ( biographies--call$ ! morgue--:i* mo/ newspap]s keep4 ,! acc\nt fir/ tells :5 & :]e he 0 born & p]haps :o 8 p>5ts 74 ,next 8 education is briefly discuss$4 ,!n ! *ief ev5ts ( 8 pr(essional or bus9ess life4 ,! date ( 8 m>riage & ! maid5 "n ( 8 wife are includ$ some:]e 9 or at ! end ( ?is acc\nt4 ,usually a li/ ( ! organizations ( :i* ! man 0 a memb] & a li/ ( ! books :i* he _h writt5 are atta*$ to ?is acc\nt4 ,"o ( ! =ego+ obitu>ies cont9ues z foll[s3 ,he 0 born 9 ,urumiah1 ,p]sia1 on ,febru>y #d1 #aheb1 be+ ! son ( ! ,rev4 ,au/9 ,h4 ,blank1 a mission>y4 ,he 0 graduat$ f ,d>tm\? 9 #ahgc1 & t college aw>d$ him ! degrees ( ,a4 ,m4 9 #ahgf & ,,ll4,d4 9 #aija4 ,f #ahgf to #ahgh he /udi$ at ,leipzig ,univ]sity4 ,he 0 assi/ant pr(essor ( anci5t languages at ! ,ohio ,agricultural & ,me*anical ,college f #ahgc to #ahgf1 associate pr(essor ( ,greek at ,d>tm\? f #ahgh to #ahhj1 & dean ( ! collegiate bo>d & pr(essor ( classical philology at ,johns ,hopk9s 9 #ahhf & #ahhg4 ,9 #aijf & #aijg he s]v$ z pr(essor 9 ! ,am]ican ,s*ool ( ,classical ,/udies 9 ,a!ns4 7,!n foll[s a li/ ( ! organizations ( :i* he 0 a memb] & ! p]iodicals ) :i* he 0 connect$47 ,he m>ri$ ,miss ,m>y ,blank1 daught] ( ! presid5t ( ,blank ,college1 9 #ahgi1 & %e survives him4 --,new ,york ,tribune4 ,! obitu>y usually ends ) a li/ ( surviv+ relatives--especially *ildr5 & v (t5 ! fun]al arrangem5ts are includ$4 ,?is is ! la/ p>agraph ( ano!r obitu>y3 ,8 fir/ wife1 ,m>y ,v4 ,blank1 di$ 9 #ahgb4 ,?ree ye>s lat] he m>ri$ ,mrs4 ,s>ah ,a4 ,blank1 ( ,hight/[n1 ,n4 ,j41 :o ) f\r daught]s1 survives him4 ,! fun]al w be held tomorr[ at #aa3cj o'clock4 ,! burial w be 9 ! family plot 9 ,gre5wood ,cemet]y4 ,?is is ! /&>d =m ( ! obitu>y :i* is foll[$ by mo/ daily newspap]s 9 fair-siz$ cities4 ,! =m is *>act]iz$ by an extreme concis5ess & brevity & an absolutely imp]sonal tone4 ,v rightly1 an obitu>y is h&l$ ) a s5se ( ! sanctifi$ "* ( its subject ,x (f]s no opportunity = f9e writ+ or human int]e/2 x simply gives ! facts z briefly & imp]sonally z possible4 ,,xiv ,,sport+ ,,news ,division ( labor on ! l>g] ,am]ican newspap]s has made ! report+ ( a?letic & sport+ ev5ts into a sep>ate dep>tm5t "u a sep>ate editor4 ,! p9k or gre5 sport+ %eets ( ! big pap]s h become sep>ate little newspap]s 9 !mselves h&l$ by a sport+ editor & 8 /aff & entirely devot$ to a?letic news1 except :5 padd$ out ) left-ov] /ories f o!r pages4 ,al?\gh on small] pap]s any report] may be call$ ^u to cov] an a?letic ev5t1 9 ! cities su* news is h&l$ entirely by exp]ts :o are ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) all phases ( ! a?letic sports ab\t :i* !y write4 ,! /ories on ! p9k %eet enjoy ! greate/ unconv5tionality ( =m to be se5 any:]e 9 ! pap] except on ! editorial page4 ,& yet1 because a?letic report]s are usually m5 tak5 f regul> report+ & because ! same ideas & necessities ( news values gov]n ! sport+ pages1 a?letic /ories foll[1 9 g5]al1 ! usual news /ory =m4 ,"o may expect to f9d "u ! head ( sports almo/ any news t is any way connect$ ) college1 amateur1 or pr(essional a?letics4 ,! /ories include acc\nts ( baseball & football games1 r[+1 horse rac+1 track meets1 box+1 & _m o!r =ms ( sport1 z well z any discussions or movem5ts gr[+ out ( ^! sports4 ,_m ( ! /ories are only a few l9es 9 l5g? :ile o!rs may cov] a column or m4 ,b 9 g5]al ea* "o has a lead :i* answ]s ! que/ions :58 :]e8 h[8 :o8 & :y8 & runs along mu* l an ord9>y news /ory4 ,=1 aft] all1 ev5 a?letic /ories are writt5 to attract & to hold ! read]'s int]e/ :e!r or n he is directly int]e/$ 9 ! sport "u discussion4 ,any report] :o is call$ ^u to cov] an a?letic ev5t is safe 9 writ+ 8 /ory 9 ! usual news /ory =m4 ,z x w\ld be impossible to discuss all ! v>i\s /ories t come "u ! head ( a?letic news1 ! report+ ( college football games w be tak5 z typical ( ! o!rs4 ,! rules t are sugge/$ = ! report+ ( football games may be appli$ to baseball games1 track meets1 & o!r sport+ ev5ts4 ,! same pr9ciples gov]n all ( !m & ! /ories usually summ>ize results 9 ab\t ! same way4 ,football /ories may be divid$ into ?ree g5]al classes3 ! brief summ>y /ory ( a /ickful or a trifle m2 ! usual football /ory ( a half column or less2 & ! long /ory t may be run ?r\gh a column or m1 dep5d+ ^u ! importance ( ! game4 ,all ?ree ( ^! /ories are alike 9 ! g5]al facts :i* !y conta92 !y diff] only 9 ! numb] ( m9or details :i* !y include 9 ! elaboration ( ^! g5]al facts4 ,ea* "o tells 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce :at teams 7 compet+1 ! f9al score1 :5 & :]e ! game 0 play$1 & p]haps "s /rik+ feature ( ! game--! wea!r1 ! conditions ( ! field1 ! /> play]s1 or a s5sational score4 ,aft] t1 ) m or less expansion1 ea* ( ! /ories gives ! ess5tial ?+s t ! read] wants to "k ab\t ! game4 ,^! consi/ usually ( ! way 9 :i* ! scor+ 0 done1 a comp>ison ( ! play+ ( ! teams1 a li/ ( ! /> play]s1 ! wea!r conditions1 & ! cr[d4 ,if ! writ+ ( ! /ory includes a discussion ( ea* ( ^! po9ts 9 m or less detail1 ! game w be cov]$ 9 all ( its ess5tial phases4 ,! ?ree k9ds ( /ories diff]1 f "o ano!r1 n 9 ! facts t !y include1 b 9 ! l5g? at :i* !y exp& ^u ^! facts4 ,"o rule %\ld be not$ 9 ! writ+ ( all ^! /ories or ( any a?letic /ory--avoid sup]latives4 ,to a gre5 report] almo/ e game seems to be ! mo/ spectacul>1 ! mo/ ?rill+1 ! h>de/ f\ght1 ! mo/ closely mat*$1 b a broad exp]i5ce is necess>y to def5d ! use ( any sup]lative ab\t ! game4 #a4 ,! ,brief ,summ>y ,/ory4--,?is is ! little /ory ( a /ickful or less1 :i* m]ely ann\nces ! result ( "s di/ant or unimportant game4 ,tak5 9 its %orte/ =m x gives only ! names ( ! teams1 ! score1 ! "t & place ( ! game1 & p]haps a ^w or two ( g5]al *>act]ization4 ,z x is all[$ to exp& 9 l5g? x takes up z briefly z possible ! foll[+ facts 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are giv53 ! scor+1 ! comp>ison ( play1 ! /> play]s or plays4 ,x is a m]e ann\ncem5t ( ! result ( ! game & no m1 = t is all ! read] wants4 ,! l9e-ups & o!r tables are usually omitt$1 & no?+ is includ$ t goes beyond ?is n>r[ purpose4 ,"h are a few examples3 ,,i[a ,,city1 ,ia41 ,nov4 #be4--,s5sational end runs by ,mc,ginnis & ,curry ne> ! end ( ! f9al qu>t] ( play gave ,i[a a #f-to-#j victory ov] ,nor?we/]n "h ?is aft]noon4 ,=t ,atk9son ,high ,s*ool defeat$ ,madison ,high today 9 ! f9al mom5ts ( play :5 a punt by ,davy1 fullback = ,madison1 0 block$ & ! ball recov]$ beh9d ! l9e1 giv+ ,=t ,atk9son ! game1 #b to #j4 ,,indianapolis1 ,june #c4--;,indianapolis />t$ its at-home s]ies today by defeat+ ,kansas ,city1 #c to #b4 ,rob]tson 0 9 f9e =m1 /rik+ out five m51 p]mitt+ no "o to walk & all[+ only six hits4 ,score3 7,tables47 ,,lafayette1 ,ind41 ,june #a4--,) ! score #da #a-c po9ts1 a?letes repres5t+ ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia won ! twelf? annual meet ( ! ,we/]n ,int]collegiate ,a?letic ,conf]5ce ,association today4 ,miss\ri 0 second ) #bi #a-c po9ts1 ,ill9ois ?ird ) #bf1 ,*icago f\r? ) #ae & ,wiscons9 fif? ) #ab #a-b4 #b4 ,! ,usual ,football ,/ory4--,! usual report ( a game is a /ory ( a half column or less :i* is long] ?an ! brief summ>y /ory & n s detail$ z ! long football /ory4 ,?is is ! /ory t a correspond5t w\ld usually s5d to 8 pap]4 ,x is l !m bo? 9 ! facts t x includes & diff]s only 9 l5g? & 9 mann] ( treatm5t4 ,?is /ory is usually divid$ into two p>ts3 ! introduction & ! runn+ acc\nt4 ,! introduction1 or lead1 is v mu* l ! brief summ>y /ory2 9 fact1 ! entire brief summ>y /ory might be us$ z ! introduction ( a /ory ( ?is type4 ,! second "p1 ! runn+ acc\nt1 corresponds to ! runn+ acc\nt ( ! game z x w be tak5 up ) ! long football /ory4 ,! introduction ( ! usual a?letic /ory always conta9s c]ta9 facts4 ,! fir/ s5t5ce1 correspond+ to ! lead ( a news /ory1 always gives ! names ( ! teams1 ! score1 ! "t1 ! place1 & ! mo/ /rik+ feature ( ! game4 ,aft] ?is ! plays t result$ 9 scores are describ$ & ! /> plays or play]s are enum]at$4 ,usually a comp>ison ( ! two teams1 z to weight1 spe$1 & play+1 foll[s1 & ! op9ion ( ! capta9 or ( "s coa* may be includ$4 ,! re/ ( ! introduction may be devot$ to ! picturesque side ( ! game3 ! cr[d1 ! *e]+1 ! celebration1 etc4 ,all ( ?is mu/ be told briefly 9 #bjj words or less4 ,! introduction is simply ! brief summ>y /ory slightly exp&$4 ,"h is a fair example 7! p>agraph conta9+ ! scor+ has be5 omitt$73 ,purdue triumph$ ov] ,indiana today1 #ab to #e1 record+ ! fir/ victory = ! ,boil]mak]s ov] ! ,crimson 9 five ye>s4 7,omitt$ p>agraph on scor+ belongs "h47 ,purdue play$ a great game at all times ,oliphant1 "r half-back on ! ,boil]mak] elev51 play$ rem>kably well & 0 ! h>de/ man = ! locals to h&le4 ,baugh1 ,mill]1 ,w9/on & ,capt4 ,tavey also />r$ = ,coa* ,hoit's m54 ,! ,lafayette root]s1 #a1ejj /rong1 ru%$ on ! field at ! close ( ! /ruggle & c>ri$ _! play]s (f ! field4 ,?is is ord9>ily foll[$ by a brief runn+ acc\nt ( ! game4 ,x does n attempt to foll[ e play or to trace ! c\rse ( ! ball ?r\gh\t ! entire game1 z a complete runn+ acc\nt w\ld d4 ,x is usually made f ! detail$ runn+ acc\nt by a process ( elim9ation s t no?+ b ! high spots ( ! game is left4 ,su* an acc\nt may run f #bjj to #cjj words 9 l5g?4 ,at ! end tables are usually pr9t$ to give ! l9e-up & ! tabulat$ results ( ! game1 b ^! may sometimes be omitt$4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f a cond5s$ runn+ acc\nt3 ,aga9 ! cadets f\ght _! way to ! #aj-y>d l9e1 runs by ,rose & ,patt]son help+ mat]ially1 b aga9 ,wayl& held4 ,! half end$ aft] ,wayl& _h kick$ out ( dang]4 ,9 ! second half ,/4 ,john's outplay$ ,wayl& ?r\gh\t4 ,! cadets by a succession ( l9e plunges took ! ball )9 /rik+ di/ance sev]al times1 only to be held = d[ns or lose x on a fumble4 ,patt]son electrifi$ ! cr[d j be=e ! ?ird qu>t] end$ by twice dodg+ ?r\gh = #bj-y>d runs1 plac+ ! ball on ! #ae-y>d l9e1 :]e ! cadets 7 held = d[ns4 #c4 ,long ,football ,/ory4--,! ?ird class ( football /ory is ! long detail$ acc\nt4 ,?is is all t is left ( ! elaborate write-ups ( ! season's big games t 7 pr9t$ a few ye>s ago & may be se5 occasionally n[4 ,t5 or tw5ty ye>s ago x 0 n unusual = an editor to run sev]al pages1 pr(usely illu/rat$1 on a big ea/]n football game4 ,! /ory 0 writt5 up f e possible aspect--a?letic1 social1 picturesque1 etc4 ,e play 0 describ$ 9 detail & sometimes a graphic diagram ( ! play 0 ins]t$4 ,ea* phase 0 h&l$ by a diff]5t report] & ! :ole ?+ 0 giv5 a prom95ce 9 ! pap] out ( all proportion ) its real importance4 ,su* a treatm5t ( a?letic news has n[ be5 v l>gely disc>d$4 ,! outgr[? ( ?is elaborate treatm5t is ! common "o- or two-column acc\nt 9 ! p9k or gre5 sport+ pages4 ,all ( ! v>i\s aspects ( ! big game are /ill to be se51 cond5s$ to ! smalle/ am\nt ( space2 & ?is brief acc\nt ( ! diff]5t aspects ( ! game is arrang$ z an introduction ( a half column or less to head ! runn+ acc\nt ( ! game4 ,?is is ! sort ( /ory t is us$ to report ! ,yale-,h>v>d games & ! m important middle we/]n games4 ,its =m has become v def9itely settl$ & a correspond5t c almo/ write 8 /ory ( ! big game by rule4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! /ory1 call$ ! introduction1 consi/s ( five or six g5]al p>agraphs4 ,! mat]ial 9 ?is introduction is arrang$1 p>agraph by p>agraph1 9 ! ord] ( its importance4 ,foll[+ ?is is a runn+ acc\nt ( ! game :i* may occupy a column or m1 dep5d+ ^u ! importance ( ! conte/4 ,at ! end is a table %[+ ! l9e-up & a summ>y ( ! results4 ,! introduction ( ! big football or baseball /ory usually foll[s a v def9ite ord]4 ,!re are c]ta9 ?+s :i* x mu/ always conta93 ! result ( ! game2 h[ ! scor+ 0 done2 a *>act]ization ( ! play+2 ! />s2 ! condition ( ! wea!r & ! field2 ! cr[d2 etc4 ,! read] always wi%es to "k ^! ?+s ab\t ! game ev5 if he does n c>e to read ! runn+ acc\nt4 ,x is equally evid5t t ! scor+ is ( great] int]e/ ?an ! cr[d1 & t a comp>ison ( ! teams is m important ?an ! *e]+4 ,& s a report] may almo/ foll[ a /]eotyp$ outl9e 9 writ+ 8 acc\nt4 ,a possible outl9e w\ld be some?+ l ?is3 ,fir/ ,p>agraph4--,! names ( ! teams1 ! score1 :5 & :]e ! game 0 play$1 & p]haps "s /rik+ feature ( ! game4 ,! wea!r may h be5 a significant factor1 or ! condition ( ! field2 ! cr[d may h be5 exceptionally l>ge or small1 en?usia/ic or un9t]e/$2 or ! game may h decid$ a *ampion%ip2 "s /> may h be5 unusually prom95t1 or ! scor+ may h be5 done 9 an extraord9>y way4 ,any ( ^! factors1 if ( suffici5t significance1 w\ld be play$ up 9 ! fir/ l9e j z ! feature ( an ord9>y news /ory is play$ up4 ,?is p>agraph corresponds to ! lead ( a news /ory & is s writt54 ,= example3 ,play+ ankle-deep 9 mud be=e a wildly en?usia/ic ga!r+ ( football root]s1 ! gridiron w>riors ( ,siwa% ,college defeat$ ! ,tig]s ?is aft]noon on ,siwa% a?letic field by ! score ( #e to #j4 ,second ,p>agraph4--,"h ! report] usually tells h[ ! scor+ 0 done1 :at play]s made ! scores1 & h[4 ,?ird ,p>agraph4--,! next ?+ ( importance is a comp>ison ( ! two teams4 ,! read] wants to "k h[ !y comp>$ 9 weight1 spe$1 & skill1 & h[ ea* "o rose to ! fight4 ,a g5]al *>act]ization ( ! play+ or a criticism may n be out ( place "h4 ,f\r? ,p>agraph4--,n[ we are ready to tell ab\t ! individual play]s4 ,our read]s want to "k :o ! />s 7 & h[ !y />r$4 ,fif? ,p>agraph4--,?is br+s u d[n ne> ! tag end ( ! introduction4 ,v (t5 ?is p>agraph is devot$ to ! op9ions ( ! capta9s & coa*es on ! game4 ,_! /atem5ts1 if significant1 may be box$ & run any:]e 9 ! report4 ,six? ,p>agraph4--,! picturesque & social side ( ! game comes 9 "h4 ,! size ( ! cr[d1 ! en?usiasm1 ! celebration betwe5 halves or be=e or aft] ! game1 are usually told4 ,?is mat]ial may be ( en\gh importance to occupy sev]al p>agraphs1 b ! report] mu/ always rememb] t he is writ+ a sport+ acc\nt & n a picturesque description ( a social ev5t4 ,sev5? ,p>agraph4--,?is p>agraph usually beg9s ! runn+ acc\nt ( ! game4 99 99 99 ,n-? ,p>agraph4--,?is space at ! end ( ! entire report is giv5 to ! l9e-ups & tabulat$ results ( ! game4 ,?is arrangem5t may ( c\rse be v>i$1 & any ( ! =ego+ factors ( ! game may be ( suffici5t importance to be plac$ e>li] 9 ! /ory4 ,nev]1 h[ev]1 %\ld ! v>i\s factors be mix$ toge!r het]og5e\sly & writt5 9 a confus$ mass4 ,ea* elem5t mu/ be tak5 up sep>ately & occupy a p>agraph by itself4 ,! runn+ acc\nt ( ! game1 :i* foll[s ! introduction1 requires little rhetorical skill4 ,ea* play is describ$ 9 its prop] place & ord] & %\ld be s cle> t a read] c\ld make a diagram ( ! game f x4 ,x mu/ also be accurate 9 names & di/ances z well z 9 plays4 ,probably e individual sport+ correspond5t has a diff]5t way ( di/+ui%+ ! play]s & ! plays & ( writ+ 8 runn+ acc\nt4 ,x is n an easy matt] to wat* a game f ! press /& f> up 9 ! blea*]s & be able to tell :o has ! ball 9 ea* play & h[ _m y>ds 7 ga9$ or lo/4 ,famili>ity ) ! teams & ! individual play]s makes ! task easi] b few report]s are s favor$ by circum/ances4 ,!y mu/ get ! names f ! *e]+ or f o!r report]s ab\t !m unless !y h "s me?od ( _! own4 ,!re is "o me?od t may be foll[$ ) "s success4 ,be=e ! game ! report] equips himself ) a table ( ! play]s %[+ !m 9 _! respective places z ! two teams l9e up4 ,x is usually impossible to tell :o has ! ball dur+ any s+le play because ! eye _c foll[ ! rapid pass+1 b x is always possible to tell :o has ! ball :5 x is d[n$4 ,at ! end ( ea* play z ! play]s l9e up1 ! report] keeps 8 eye on ! man :o _h ! ball :5 x 0 d[n$ & wat*es to see ! position he takes 9 ! new l9e-up4 ,!n a glance at ! table w tell him ! man's "n4 ,! runn+ acc\nt is writt5 z simply & briefly z possible4 ,x foll[s ea* play1 tell+ :at play 0 made1 :o _h ! ball1 & :at ! result 04 ,x keeps a record ( all ! "t tak5 out1 ! *anges 9 play]s1 ! injuries1 etc4 ,a typical runn+ acc\nt reads some?+ l ?is3 ,siwa% advanc$ ! ball two y>ds by a l9e plunge4 ,kelley c>ri$ ! ball ar\nd left end = five y>ds to ! ,tig]s' #ej-y>d l9e4 ,! ,tig]s ga9$ ! ball on a fumble aft] a fake punt & l9$ up on _! own #de-y>d l9e4 ,"t call$4 ,score at end ( fir/ half1 #j to #j4 ,at ! end ( ! runn+ acc\nt are tables1 usually set 9 small] type1 giv+ ! l9e-up ( ! two teams & ! tabulat$ results ( ! game4 ,"s pap]s arrange ! tables z foll[s3 ,siwa%3 ,tig]s3 ,smi?44444444444left end4444444,jones ,br[n444444444left tackle444444,gre5-,wood ,mc,carthy4444444left gu>d444444,connor ,hall 7,capt4744444c5tre44444444,jacobs ,etc4 ,o!r pap]s use ?is sy/em :i* br+s ! oppos+ play]s toge!r3 ,siwa%3 ,tig]s3 l4 e44444444,smi? 3 ,williams4444444r4 e4 l4 t44444444,br[n 3 ,jackson44444444r4 t4 l4 g44444,mc,carthy 3 ,cook 7,capt47444r4 g4 c44447,capt47 ,hall 3 ,jacobs444444444444c4 ,etc4 ,! tabulat$ results at ! end may be some?+ l ?is3 ,score by p]iods3 ,tig]s44444444444444444444#j #b #a #c--f ,siwa%44444444444444444444#j #j #j #j--j ,t\*d[n--,br[n4 ,goal f t\*d[n-- ,o',bri54 ,umpire--,enslley1 ,purdue4 ,ref]ee--,holt1 ,lehigh4 ,field judge--,hack5saa1 ,*icago4 ,head l9esman--,seym\r1 ,delaw>e4 ,"t ( p]iods--fifte5 m9utes4 ,dispat*es & /ories on baseball games & track meets are usually accompani$ by tables ( results1 simil> to ! above b arrang$ 9 a slightly diff]5t way4 ,! =m may be le>n$ f any reputable sport+ %eet4 ,,xv ,,human ,,int]e/ ,,/ories ,9 our /udy ( newspap] writ+ up to ?is po9t we h be5 entirely conc]n$ ) =ms1 rules1 & =mulas2 e k9d ( /ory :i* we h /udi$ has _h a def9ite =m :i* we h be5 *>g$ to foll[4 ,we h be5 comm&$ always to put ! gi/ ( ! /ory 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce & to answ] ! read]'s cu/om>y que/ions 9 ! same brea?4 ,n[ we h come to a class ( newspap] /ories 9 :i* we are giv5 absolute fre$om f conv5tional =mulas4 ,9 fact1 ! human int]e/ /ory is diff]5t f o!r newspap] /ories l>gely because ( its lack ( =ms & rules4 ,x does n beg9 ) ! gi/ ( its news--p]haps because x r>ely has any real news--& x answ]s no cu/om>y que/ions 9 ! fir/ p>agraph2 its me?od is ! natural ord] ( n>rative4 ,! human int]e/ /ory /&s alone z ! only lit]>y attempt 9 ! entire newspap] &1 z su*1 a discussion ( x c h>dly tell m ?an :at x is1 )\t any great attempt to tell h[ to write x4 ,= our purposes1 ! di/+ui%+ m>ks ( ! human int]e/ /ory are its lack ( real news value & ( conv5tional =m1 & its appeal to human emotions4 ,! human int]e/ /ory has gr[n out ( a numb] ( causes4 ,up to a v rec5t "t newspap]s h be5 cont5t ) pr9t+ news 9 its b>e/ possible =m--facts & no?+ b facts4 ,_! appeal has be5 only to ! bra94 ,b gradually editors h come to realize t1 if _m mon?ly magaz9es c exi/ on a diet ( fiction t appeals only to ! emotions1 a newspap] may well make use ( "s ( ! mat]ial = true /ories ( emotion t comes to its (fice4 ,!y h realiz$ t news9ess is n ! only ess5tial1 t a /ory does n always h to possess true news value to be wor? pr9t+--x may be int]e/+ because x appeals to ! read]'s sympa?y or simply because x ent]ta9s him4 ,h5ce !y began to pr9t /ories t _h little value z news b1 h[ev] trivial _! subject1 7 s well writt5 t !y pres5t$ ! humor & pa?os ( ev]yday life 9 a v ent]ta9+ way4 ,! s5sational newspap]s took advantage ( ! opportunity b !y %ock$ _! read]s 9 t !y tri$ to appeal to ! emotions ?r\gh ! k9d ( facts t !y pr9t$1 r ?an ?r\gh ! pres5tation ( ! facts4 ,!y did n see t ! effectiv5ess ( ! emotional appeal dep5ds ^u ! way 9 :i* a human int]e/ /ory is writt51 r ?an ^u ! /ory itself4 ,!re=e !y %ock$ _! read]s ) extremely pa!tic facts pres5t$ 9 ! usual newspap] way1 :ile ! j\rnals :i* /ood = high lit]>y excell5ce 7 able to h&le trivial human int]e/ mat]ial v effectively4 ,n[ all ! newspap]s ( ! l& h le>n$ ! =m & are pr9t+ effective human int]e/ /ories e day4 ,ano!r reason beh9d ! gr[? ( ! human int]e/ /ory is ! curse ( cynicism :i* newspap] "w impr9ts ^u s _m ( its foll[]s4 ,e editor kn[s t no ord9>y report] c "w a police c\rt or hospital run day aft] day = any l5g? ( "t )\t los+ 8 s5sibilities & becom+ h>d5$ to ! /]n] facts 9 human life4 ,mis=tune & bitt]ness become s common to him t he no long] looks ^u !m z mis=tune & mis]y1 b j z news4 ,gradually 8 /ories lose all sympa?y & k9dl9ess & he writes ( suff]+ m5 z ( s _m wood5 t5-p9s4 ,:5 he has rea*$ ?is attitude ( cynicism1 8 usefulness to 8 pap] is almo/ gone1 = a report] mu/ always see & write ! news f ! read]'s sympa!tic po9t ( view4 ,to keep _! report]s' s5sibilities awake editors h tri$ v>i\s exp$i5ts :i* h be5 m or less successful4 ,"o ( ^! is ! up-lift run = cub report]s--a r\nd ( philan?ropic news s\rces to tea* !m ! bus9ess ( report+ be=e !y become cynical4 ,ano!r is ! human int]e/ /ory4 ,if a report] kn[s t 8 pap] is always ready & glad to pr9t human int]e/ /ories full ( k9dl9ess & human sympa?y1 he is ev] on ! wat* = human int]e/ subjects & consequ5tly =ces himself to see ?+s 9 a sympa!tic way4 ,?us he unconsci\sly w>ds (f cynicism4 ,! se>* = human int]e/ mat]ial is a modification ( ! sob squad "w ( ! s5sational pap]s1 on m delicate l9es4 ,a human int]e/ /ory is prim>ily an attempt to portray human feel+--to talk ab\t m5 z m5 & n z names or ?+s4 ,x is an attempt to look ^u life ) sympa!tic human eyes & to put liv+ p into ! reports ( ! day's news4 ,if a man falls & breaks 8 neck1 a bald recital ( ! facts deals ) him only z an animal or an inanimate "n4 ,! fact is int]e/+ z "o item 9 ! li/ ( human mis=tunes1 b no m4 ,& yet !re are _m p to :om ?is man's accid5t is m ?an an int]e/+ incid5t--x is a v s]i\s matt]1 p]haps a calamity4 ,to 8 family he 0 ev]y?+ 9 ! _w2 m ?an a m]e means ( support1 he 0 a liv+ human be+ :om !y lov$4 ,! bald report ( 8 dea? does n consid] !m2 x does n consid] ! man's own previ\s exi/5ce4 ,b if we c\ld get into ! he>ts ( 8 wife & 8 "m & 8 *ildr51 we c\ld feel some?+ ( ! real significance ( ! accid5t4 ,?is is :at ! human int]e/ /ory tries to d4 ,x does n necess>ily /rive = any effect1 pa!tic or o!rwise1 b tries simply to treat ! victim ( ! mis=tune z a human be+4 ,! report] endeavors to see :at 9 ! /ory made p cry & !n tries to reproduce x4 ,9 ! same way 9 ano!r m9or occurr5ce1 he attempts to reproduce ! side ( an incid5t t made p laugh4 ,ei!r incid5t may or may n h _h news value 9 its balde/ aspect1 b ! sympa!tic treatm5t makes ! result+ human int]e/ /ory wor? pr9t+4 ,!re are v>i\s k9ds ( human int]e/ /ories4 ,! common gr\nd 9 !m all is usually _! lack ( any intr9sic news value4 ,_m a successful human int]e/ /ory has be5 pr9t$ al?\gh x conta9$ no "o ( ! elem5ts ( news values t 7 outl9$ e>li] 9 ?is book4 ,9 fact1 "o ( ! uses ( ! human int]e/ /ory is to utilize newspap] by-products t h no news value 9 !mselves4 ,h5ce ! human int]e/ /ory has no news feature to be play$ up &1 s9ce x does n conta9 any real news1 x does n h to answ] any cu/om>y que/ions4 ,9 =m x is mu* l a %ort /ory ( fiction1 s9ce x dep5ds on /yle & ! ord9>y rules ( n>ration4 ,! abs5ce ( a lead1 m ?an any o!r *>act]i/ic1 di/+ui%es ! human int]e/ /ory f ! news /ory1 9 =m4 ,we h work$ h>d to le>n to play up ! gi/ ( ! news 9 our news /ories2 n[ we come to a /ory :i* makes no attempt to play up its news--9 fact1 x may leave its mo/ int]e/+ cont5t until ! end & spr+ x z a surprise 9 ! la/ l9e4 ,to be sure1 mo/ human int]e/ /ories h & indicate a timel9ess4 ,! /ory may h no news value b x is always conc]n$ ) a rec5t ev5t & usually tells at ! outset :5 ! ev5t occurr$4 ,almo/ )\t exception1 ! examples quot$ 9 ?is *apt] %[ _! timel9ess by tell+ 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce :5 ! ev5t occurr$4 ,s mu* = ! outw>d =m ( ! human int]e/ /ory4 #a4 ,pa!tic ,/ory4--,"o ( ! _m k9ds ( human int]e/ /ories is ! pa!tic /ory4 ,al?\gh x does n op5ly /rive = pa?os1 x is pa!tic 9 t x tells ! /ory ( a human mis=tune1 simply & cle>ly1 ) all ! details t made ! incid5t sad4 ,x is ! /ory t attempts to put ! read] into ! v reality ( ! pa9 & sorr[ ( e human life4 ,sometimes x makes him cry1 sometimes x makes him %udd]1 & sometimes x disgu/s him1 b x always %[s him mis=tune z x really is4 ,x looks d[n beh9d ! outw>d actions & words into ! he>ts ( its actors & %[s u motives & feel+s r ?an facts4 ,b j z soon z any attempt at pa?os becomes evid5t1 ! /ory loses its effectiv5ess4 ,its only means are cle> p]ception & absolute tru?fulness4 ,"h is an example ( a pa!tic human int]e/ /ory tak5 f a daily pap]3 ,rissa ,sa*s' *ild m9d ye/]day evolv$ a tragic answ] to ! "q1 ,:at %all be done ) ! *ildr5 ( divorc$ p>5ts8 ,%e took h] life4 ,rissa 0 #ad ye>s old4 ,! divorce decree t robb$ h] ( a home 0 less ?an a week old4 ,x 0 grant$ to h] "m1 ,mrs4 ,mellisa ,sa*s1 by ,judge ,br5tano la/ ,saturday4 ,:5 ! divorce case 0 call$ = trial ,rissa f\nd t %e w\ld be compell$ to te/ify4 ,reluctantly %e corroborat$ h] "m's /ory t h] fa!r1 ,b5jam9 ,sa*s1 _h /ruck ,mrs4 ,sa*s4 ,x 0 l>gely due to ?is te/imony t ! decree 0 grant$ & ! cu/ody ( ! *ild aw>d$ to ,mrs4 ,sa*s4 ,!n ! tr\bles ( ! girl began 9 real e>ne/4 ,%e lov$ h] "m de>ly4 ,b h] fa!r1 :o _h be5 a companion to h] z well z a p>5t1 0 equally de> to h]4 ,bo? p>5ts plead$ ) h]4 ,mrs4 ,sa*s told ,rissa %e c\ld n live )\t h]4 ,! fa!r told ! girl1 9 a conv]sation 9 a d[nt[n hotel sev]al days ago1 t he w\ld dis[n h] unless %e w5t to live ) him4 ,e h\r increas$ ! p]plexities ( ! situation = ! *ild4 ,%e c\ld n decide to give up ei!r ( h] p>5ts = fe> ( (f5d+ ! o!r4 ,s %e sacrific$ h] own life & gave up bo?4 ,?ursday ev5+1 on return+ f s*ool to ! ,sa*s home at #debi ,rac9e av5ue1 ,rissa talk$ long & e>ne/ly ) h] "m4 ,!n %e retir$ to h] room1 turn$ on ! gas &1 clo!d1 lay d[n ^u h] b$ to await dea? & relief f tr\bles t h driv5 old] heads to despair4 ,at ! inque/ ye/]day aft]noon ! grief-/rick5 "m told ! /ory ( h] daught]'s difficulties4 ,%e said t ,rissa _h decl>$ %e c\ld n live if compell$ to give up ei!r ( h] p>5ts1 b add$ t %e nev] _h believ$ x4--,*icago ,record-,h]ald4 ,?is is a pa!tic human int]e/ /ory 9 t x attempts to give ! human significance ( an incid5t :i* 9 itself w\ld h little news value4 ,p]haps1 9 ! matt] ( words1 !re is a slight /ra9+ = pa?os4 ,! =m1 x w be not$1 is decid$ly diff]5t f t ( a news /ory on ! same incid5t &1 al?\gh ! timel9ess is giv5 9 ! fir/ l9e1 !re is no attempt to pres5t ! gi/ ( ! /ory 9 a =mal lead4 ,! s\rce ( ! news is indicat$ 9 ! la/ p>agraph4 #b4 ,humor\s ,/ory4--,ano!r k9d ( human int]e/ /ory is ! humor\s /ory4 ,its humor1 l ! pa?os ( a pa!tic /ory1 does n come f an attempt to be funny1 b f ! tru?ful pres5tation ( a humor\s incid5t1 f ! incongruity & ludicr\sness ( ! incid5t itself4 ,! writ] tries to see :at elem5ts 9 a giv5 incid5t made him laugh & !n portrays !m s cle>ly & tru?fully t 8 read]s _c help laugh+ ) him4 ,! subject may be ! mo/ trivial ?+ 9 ! _w1 n wor? a l9e z a news /ory1 & yet x may be told 9 su* a way t x is wor? a half-column write-up t w /& out z ! gem ( ! :ole edition4 ,b aft] all ! effectiv5ess dep5ds ^u ! humor 9 ! orig9al subject & ! tru?fulness ( ! tell+4 ,! foll[+ humor\s human int]e/ /ory1 :i* occupi$ a place on ! front page1 0 built up out ( an incid5t almo/ devoid ( news value3 ,"o ( ,johnnie ,wilt's orig9al ideas = ent]ta9+ 8 tw9 si/] ,*>lotte is to build a big bonfire on ! floor ( _! playroom4 ,johnnie1 :o is #d ye>s old1 c>ri$ 8 plan into execution at ! ,wilt home1 #bdgd ,lake ,view av5ue1 = ! fir/ "t ye/]day aft]noon1 ) results t made a la/+ impression ^u 8 m9d & ! f9i%+s ( ! int]ior ( ! h\se4 ,! ?+ 0 sugge/$ to him by a bonfire he saw a man build 9 ! /reet4 ,*>lotte hadn't se5 ! o!r fire4 ,= "s reason ,*>lotte's fem99e m9d refus$ to und]/& j :at ! fire 0 l4 ,consequ5tly no?+ rema9$ = ,johnnie to d b build a fire ( 8 own4 ,he pil$ all ( ! newspap]s & play?+s t c\ld be f\nd 9 ! middle ( ! room & !n appli$ a mat*4 ,:5 ! flames leap$ to ! ceil+1 h[ev]1 & a cl\d ( smoke fill$ ! room1 ,johnnie began to d\bt ! wisdom ( ! move4 ,:ile ,*>lotte ran to tell a maid he retreat$ to t hav5 ( y\?ful fugitives--! space b5ea? a c\*4 ,! fright5$ maid summon$ ! fire eng9es & ! fire 0 soon ext+ui%$4 ,b ,mrs4 ,wilt discov]$ t ,johnnie _h disappe>$4 ,%e telephon$ to ,*>les ,t4 ,wilt1 presid5t ( ! trunk company t be>s 8 "n1 & half hy/]ically told ( ! fire & ! disappe>ance ( ,johnnie4 ,j !n !re 0 a scrambl+ s\nd f b5ea? ! c\*4 ,johnnie1 look+ z s]i\s z a #d-ye>-old face c look1 walk$ out4 ,mrs4 ,wilt seiz$ him &1 to an accompanim5t ( ,i-won't-d-x-aga9s1 cru%$ him to h] bosom4 ,la/ reports f ! ,wilt home 7 t ,johnnie _h n yet be5 puni%$ = 8 de$4--,*icago ,record-,h]ald4 ,! /ud5t w notice h[ all ! facts ( ! /ory & ! answ]s to ! read]'s que/ions are work$ 9 "h & !re1 h[ ! cont5t ( a news /ory lead is scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! entire acc\nt4 #c4 ,writ+ ! ,human ,int]e/ ,/ory4--,x is "o ?+ to be able to di/+ui% mat]ial = a human int]e/ /ory & ano!r to be able to write ! /ory4 ,! :ole effectiv5ess ( ! /ory1 z we h se51 dep5ds ^u ! way x is writt54 ,_m a poorly writt51 ungrammatical news /ory is pr9t$ simply because x conta9s facts t are ( int]e/1 reg>dless ( ! way 9 :i* !y are pres5t$4 ,b nev] is a poorly writt5 human int]e/ /ory pr9t$2 simply because ! facts 9 x h little int]e/ !mselves & ! /ory's usefulness dep5ds entirely ^u ! pres5tation ( ! facts4 ,h5ce1 ! human int]e/ /ory1 m ?an any o!r newspap] /ory1 mu/ be well writt54 ,& yet !re are no rules to assi/ 9 ! writ+ ( su* a /ory4 ,9 fact1 its v nature dep5ds ^u orig9ality & newness 9 =m & treatm5t4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we _c fall back ^u ! conv5tional lead = a beg9n+1 because a lead w\ld be out ( place4 ,z we h said be=e1 ! human int]e/ /ory does n beg9 ) a lead = ! reason t x has no /rik+ news cont5t to pres5t 9 ! lead4 ,9 _m cases ! :ole /ory dep5ds ^u clev]ly arrang$ susp5se2 if ! cont5t is giv5 9 a lead at ! beg9n+ susp5se is ( c\rse impossible4 ,! human int]e/ /ory has no m ne$ ( a lead ?an does a %ort /ory--9 "s ways a human int]e/ /ory is v mu* l a %ort /ory--& a %ort /ory t gives its climax 9 ! fir/ p>agraph w\ld h>dly be writt5 or read4 ,b1 j l ! %ort /ory1 a human int]e/ /ory mu/ beg9 9 an attractive way4 ,9 ! /udy ( %ort /ory writ+ almo/ half ( ! /udy is devot$ to le>n+ h[ to beg9 ! /ory1 on ! !ory t ! read] is "s sort ( a fugitive animal t mu/ be lasso$ by an attractive & int]e/+ beg9n+4 ,! !ory is ( c\rse a true "o & x holds good 9 ! case ( human int]e/ /ories4 ,b no rules c be laid d[n to gov]n ! beg9n+ ( human int]e/ or %ort /ories4 ,ea* /ory mu/ beg9 9 its own way--& ea* mu/ beg9 9 a diff]5t way4 ,"s writ]s ( %ort /ories beg9 ) dialogue1 o!rs ) a clean-cut witticism1 o!rs ) attractive explanation or description1 o!rs ) a clev] apology4 ,! li/ is endless4 ,?is endless li/ is ready = ! report] :o is try+ to write human int]e/ /ories4 ,b ! *oos+ mu/ be 8 own4 ,he mu/ select ! beg9n+ t seems be/ adapt$ to 8 /ory4 ,z an inspiration to report]s :o are try+ to write human int]e/ /ories1 a few beg9n+s clipp$ f daily pap]s are giv5 "h4 ,"s are good & "s are bad2 ! goodness or badness 9 ea* case dep5ds ^u individual ta/e4 ,!y c h>dly be classifi$ 9 m ?an a g5]al way = orig9ality is oppos$ to all classifications4 ,!y are m]ely sugge/ions4 ,a /rik+ quotation or a bit ( apt dialogue is commonly us$ to attract att5tion to a /ory4 ,"h are "s examples3 ,burgl>s1 :isp]$ ,mrs4 ,v]milye to h]self & %e took ano!r furtive peek out ( ! w9d[s ( h] rooms on ! six? floor ( !1 etc4 ,speak+ ( peanuts1 obs]v$ ! man ) ! r$ :isk]s1 !y a9't ! only ?+ 9 ! _w :at is small4 ,etc4 ,ales1 ,w9es1 ,liquors & ,cig>s6 ,y see ?is sign 9 ! w9d[s ( e corn] life-sav+ /ation4 ,b :at w\ld y say if y saw x blaz+ ov] ! entrance to ! ,colony ,club1 t r5dezv\s = ! little & big si/]s ( ! ri* at ,madison av5ue & ,?irtie? /reet8 ,etc4 ---------------------------------------- -- ,,want$--,bright educat$ lady z secret>y to bus9ess man t\r+ nor?we/ /ates & ,alaska3 give ref]5ce1 ability2 age1 description4 ,address ,e-#fdj1 c>e ,bee4 7#g7-fhj #aix4 ---------------------------------------- -- ,! above innoc5t appe>+ want ad 9 ,! ,bee1 al?\gh allur+ 9 its prospects to a "y woman desir+ a summ] vacation1 is ! pr9cipal factor 9 ! arre/ ( "o ,m4 ,w4 ,williams1 etc4 ,a well-writt5 fir/ s5t5ce 9 a human int]e/ /ory (t5 purports to tell ! :ole /ory1 l a news /ory lead1 & really tells only en\gh to make y want to read fur!r4 ,"h are a few examples3 ,8 son's suspicions & a c op5] conv9c$ ,&rew ,%]r] la/ ,saturday t he _h be5 fleec$ out ( #ejj by two clev] manipulators ( an anci5t get-some?+-=-no?+ sw9dle4 ,s /rong 0 ! victim's confid5ce1 etc4 ,!re's a /ubborn1 unlaid gho/1 a gnome1 a gobl91 a sw>t fairy at ! lea/1 :o has settl$ d[n = ! w9t] 9 a p]fectly respectable cell> ov] 9 ,brooklyn & :iles away ! dismal h\rs ( ! night by *opp+ spectral cordwood ) a phantom axe4 ,in/ead ( go+ to bo>d ) ,mrs4 ,pepp] or ano!r m$ium & be+ ( "s use 9 ! _w & hav+ a pleasant1 dim-light$ cab9et all its own1 ?is unhappy gho/--or gho/ess--is pe/]+ ,m>ciana ,rose ( #adif ,b]g5 /reet1 :o owns ! cell> & ! h\se ov] x--ov] bo? ! gho/ & ! cell>4 ,etc4 ,! g[k :o calls up #cgcb ,rector today w get a spl9t] 9 8 f+] if he scrat*es 8 head4 ,no?+ do+ ) #cgcb ,rector4 ,f e>ly morn till dewy eve ,mr4 ,fi%1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,horse1 ,mr4 ,bass1 ,mr4 ,skate & o!r inmates ( ! aqu>ium w be inaccessible by 'phone4 ,etc4 ,"u all ! saffron bann]s & ! sprawl+ dragons claw+ at r$ suns ov] ! ro(s ( ,*9at[n ye/]day !re 0 a t5sion ( unre/ & ( speculation4 ,x all _h to d ) ! lun*eon to be giv5 to 8 ,imp]ial ,highness ,pr9ce ,tsai ,tao & ! memb]s ( 8 /aff at ! ,tux$o ,re/aurant1 #b ,doy]s /reet1 at noon to-morr[4 ,etc4 ,man & wife1 sitt+ side by side z pupils1 0 ! int]e/+ spectacle :i* provid$ ! feature ( ! elem5t>y night s*ool op5+ la/ night4 ,etc4 ,two "y ,g]mans ( ,b]l91 nei!r q #ah ye>s ( age1 _h a p]fectly uncork+ "t abo>d ! ,:ite ,/> l9] ,maje/ic1 9 ye/]day4 ,!y 7 favorites ) ! smoke-room /ew>ds4 ,!y le>n$ lat] t man is born unto tr\ble z ! corks fly upw>d4 ,etc4 ,x 0 a long black ov]coat ) a velvet coll>1 big cuff$ sleeves1 & broad ( %\ld]1 & look$ decid$ly w>m & comfy4 ,x /ood 9 "o ( ! l>ge display w9d[s ( ----1 & cov]$ ! defici5cies ( a waxy dummy1 :o />$ 9 a surpris$ sort ( mann] out into ! /reet & appe>$ to be look+ at no?+4 ,etc4 ,! bellboys put him up to x & !n ,m>cus caus$ a lot ( tr\ble4 ,m>cus is a p>rot :o has be5 sp5d+ ! w9t] 9 "o ( ! l>ge ,broadway hotels4 ,etc4 ,lame1 old1 b uncompla9+1 rememb]+ only 8 joy :5 a visitor came to him1 & =gett+ to be bitt] because ( ! wrongs done him1 meet+ 8 rescu] ) a wag ( ! tail meant to be joyful1 a ,/4 ,b]n>d dog set an example1 etc4 ,"s human int]e/ /ories beg91 & effectively1 too1 ) a direct p]sonal appeal to ! read]2 ?us3 ,if y've nev] se5 anybody laugh ) 8 h&s1 y %\ld h eas$ y\rself up aga9/ a rail+ at ! ,b>num & ,bailey circus 9 ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d5 ye/]day aft]noon & wat*$ a b& ( #bej deaf mute y\ng/]s1 all b$eck$ 9 _! be/e/1 signall+ all ov] ! ,g>d54 ,etc4 ,if y've ev] sat 9 ! enemy's camp :5 ! ,blue elev5 lung$ its la/ y>d = a t\*d[n & _h y\r hair ruffl$ by ! ro> t swept across ! gridiron1 y c guess h[ #a1ejj ,yale m5 yell$ at ! ,waldorf la/ night = ,bill ,taft ( '#gh4 ,etc4 ,a "q is (t5 us$ at ! beg9n+ ( a human int]e/ /ory3 ,a ne>-suicide or an accid5t4 ,:i*8 ,keep] ,bean is some:at puzzl$ to say :i*1 b x is q c]ta9 x w n be tri$ aga94 ,at lea/1 ,keep] ,bean does n ?9k x w4 ,b1 x 0 a sad1 sad ,sunday = ! little :ite-fac$ monkey4 ,= h\rs he lay z dead1 etc4 ,_m ( ^! /ories1 animal or o!rwise1 beg9 ) a "n3 ,long ,tom1 a ,brahma roo/] t _h be5 ! bad inmate ( ,jacob ,mei/]'s f>m at ,we/ ,mey]sville1 ,n4 ,j41 = ?ree ye>s1 paid ! p5alty ( 8 crimes ,*ri/mas morn+ :5 he 0 behead$ aft] 8 own] _h condemn$ him to dea?4 ,bad 9 life1 he 0 good 9 a potpie t day1 etc4 ,! beg9n+ ( a human int]e/ /ory is always ! mo/ important "p2 j l a news /ory1 x mu/ attract att5tion ) its fir/ l9e4 ,9 ! same way1 a good beg9n+ is some?+ m ?an half done4 ,b "h ! simil>ity betwe5 ! two ends4 ,! news /ory1 aft] ! lead is writt51 may slump 9 te*nique s t ! end is almo/ devoid ( int]e/2 ! human int]e/ /ory1 on ! o!r h&1 mu/ keep up its /&>d ( excell5ce to ! v la/ s5t5ce & ! la/ l9e mu/ h z mu* snap z ! fir/4 ,x is nev] 9 dang] ( los+ its la/ p>agraph & s x may be m r\nd$ & complete2 x mu/ foll[ a def9ite plan to ! v end & !n /op4 ,9 ?is x is l ! %ort /ory1 al?\gh x seldom has a plot4 ,!re are no rules to help u 9 writ+ any "p ( ! human int]e/ /ory4 ,ea* attempt has a diff]5t purpose & mu/ be done 9 a diff]5t way4 ,yet ! report] mu/ "k be=e he beg9s j exactly h[ he is go+ to "w out ! :ole /ory4 ,he mu/ plan x z c>efully z a %ort /ory4 ,a few m9utes ( c>eful ?\ght be=e he beg9s to write are bett] ?an mu* rework+ & alt]ation aft] ! ?+ is done4 ,?is applies to all newspap] writ+4 ,mu* ( ! effectiv5ess ( ! human int]e/ /ory dep5ds ^u ! report]'s /yle4 ,:5 we try to write human int]e/ /ories we are no long] int]e/$ 9 facts1 z mu* z 9 words4 ,our read]s are n foll[+ u to be in=m$1 b to be ent]ta9$4 ,& we c please !m only by our /yle & ! f95ess ( our p]ception4 ,al?\gh we h be5 told to write news /ories 9 ! common e-day words ( conv]sation1 we are n s limit$ 9 ! human int]e/ /ory4 ,! elegance ( our /yle dep5ds v l>gely ^u ! size ( our vocabul>y1 & elegance is n out ( place 9 ?is k9d ( /ory4 ,al?\gh we h be5 told to use dialogue sp>+ly 9 news /ories1 our human int]e/ /ory may be compos$ entirely ( dialogue4 ,9 fact1 we are hamp]$ by no re/rictions except ! re/rictions ( ,engli% gramm> & lit]>y composition4 ,al?\gh we h s\ght simplicity ( expression be=e1 we may n[ /rive = subtlety & = effect2 we may write sugge/ively & ev5 obscurely4 ,we are deal+ ) ! only "p ( ! newspap] t makes any ef=t t[>d lit]>y excell5ce & only our orig9ality & clev]ness c guide u4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to repeat t "o _c write human int]e/ /ories 9 a cynical tone4 ,!y are a reaction aga9/ cynicism4 ,!y require "o to feel ke5ly1 z a human be+1 & to write sympa!tically1 z a human be+4 ,! report] mu/ see beh9d ! facts & get ! p]sonal side ( ! matt]--& feel x4 ,!n he mu/ tell ! /ory j z he sees & feels x4 ,absolute tru?fulness 9 ! tell+ is z necess>y z ke5 p]ception 9 ! see+4 ,humor mu/ be s\ght ?r\gh ! simple1 tru?ful pres5tation ( an incongru\s or humor\s idea or situation2 pa?os mu/ be s\ght by ! tru?ful pres5tation ( a pa!tic picture4 ,j z soon z ! report] tries to be funny or to be pa!tic he fails1 = ! read] is n look+ to ! report] = fun or pa?os--b to ! /ory t ! report] is tell+4 ,t is1 ! /ory mu/ be writt5 objectively2 ! writ] mu/ =get himself 9 8 attempt to impress ! /ory ^u 8 read]'s m9d4 ,if ! /ory itself is fundam5tally humor\s or sad & ! /ory is cle>ly & tru?fully told ) all ! details t make x humor\s or sad1 x _c help be+ effective4 ,! be/ way to le>n h[ to write human int]e/ /ories is to /udy human int]e/ /ories4 ,mo/ pap]s pr9t !m n[adays--!y c easily be di/+ui%$ by _! lack ( news value1 & ( a lead--& ! f9e/ example is j z likely to crop out 9 a little weekly z 9 a metropolitan daily4 #d4 ,! ,animal ,/ory4--,! examples pr9t$ e>li] 9 ?is *apt] are specim5s ( ! true/ type ( human int]e/ /ory because !y deal ) human be+s4 ,!y d]ive _! joy or sorr[ f ?+s t happ5 to m5 & wom54 ,b all ! sket*es t are class$ z human int]e/ /ories are n s c>efully conf9$ to ! limits ( ! title4 ,f ! orig9al human int]e/ /ory ! type has gr[n until x includes _m o!r ?+s--almo/ any piece ( copy t has no intr9sic news value4 ,e possible subject t may suit itself to a pa!tic or humor\s treatm5t & ?us be int]e/+1 al?\gh x has no news value1 is r\ghly class$ z a human int]e/ /ory4 ,"o ( ^! outgr[?s ( ! true human int]e/ sket* is ! animal /ory4 ,9 ! l>ge cities1 ! zoo & ! p>ks h become a fruitful s\rce ( news4 ,any?+ int]e/+ t may happ5 to ! monkeys1 or ! elephant1 ! sp>r[s or ! squirrels 9 ! p>ks1 horses or dogs 9 ! /reet1 is us$ z ! excuse = a human int]e/ /ory4 ,sometimes ! purpose is pa?os & sometimes x is humor1 b1 :atev] x may be1 if x is clev] & int]e/+ x gets its place 9 ! pap]1 a place entirely out ( proportion to its true news value4 ,! results sometimes v]ge v close ^u nature fak+1 b aft] all !y are only ! result ( ! up-lift idea ( look+ at all life 9 a m sympa!tic way4 ,sev]al ( ! beg9n+s quot$ e>li] 9 ?is *apt] belong to animal /ories & ! foll[+ is a complete "o3 ,smi?y ,ka9 0 only a mongrel1 horsem5 w say1 b 9 8 equ9e he>t !re c\rs$ ! blood ( ?or\ghbr$s4 ,smi?y ,ka9 0 kill$ ye/]day aft]noon1 %ot ?r\gh ! head1 :ile ?\s&s ( ,wiscons9 fair patrons look$ on 9 %udd]+ sympa?y4 ,x 0 a trag$y ( ! track4 ,own]s1 tra9]s & driv]s always are quick to decl>e t no great] c\rage is kn[n ?an t possess$ & demon/rat$ by race horses 9 h>d-f\ght battles on ! turf1 & ! tru? ( ?is 0 nev] m /rik+ly br\ght home ?an 9 ! dea? ( ,smi?y ,ka9 ye/]day4 ,) a left h9d foot snapp$ at ! fetlock1 ,smi?y ,ka9 rac$ ar\nd ! track1 8 valiant _s & unfalt]+ gam5ess keep+ him up until he _h complet$ ! c\rse 9 unwav]+ pursuit ( ! fly+ horses 9 front4 ,e jump meant int5se agony1 b he w\ld n quit4 ,n until ne> ! f9i% did 8 /r5g? give out1 & n until !n 0 ! pitiable tru? discov]$4 ,m5 us$ to exhibitions ( gam5ess 9 te/s t try ! s\l look$ on 9 mute admiration z ,smi?y ,ka9 %iv]$ & /umbl$ f ! pa9 t rapidly sapp$ 8 life4 ,wom5 cri$ op5ly4 ,two %ots f ! pi/ol ( a p>k policeman end$ ! life & suff]+s ( ! horse t 0 only a mongrel1 b :o1 9 8 equ9e way1 0 a ?or\ghbr$ ( ?or\ghbr$s4 ,smi?y ,ka9 gave to 8 ma/] ! be/ t 8 animal m9d & s\l possess$4 ,no bett] memorial c be writt5 ev5 ( man himself4 #e4 ,! ,special ,feature ,/ory4--,"o /ep beyond ! animal /ory is ! special feature /ory4 ,?is k9d ( /ory is class$ ) ! human int]e/ /ory because x has no news value & because its only purpose is to ent]ta9 or to in=m 9 a g5]al way2 & yet x r>ely conta9s any human int]e/4 ,!re is no space 9 ?is book = a complete discussion ( ! special feature /ory--an entire volume might be devot$ to ! subject--b ?is =m ( /ory is (t5 se5 9 ! news columns ( ! daily pap]s & des]ves a m5tion "h4 ,ord9>ily ! special feature /ory is n writt5 by report]s1 al?\gh !re is no reason :y report]s %\ld n use 9 ?is way _m ( ! facts t come to !m4 ,! /ory usually comes f outside ! newspap] (fice1 f a contributor1 f a syndicate1 or f "s o!r daily1 weekly1 or mon?ly publication2 h[ev] a ^w or two "h may sugge/ to ! report] ! possibility ( add+ to 8 usefulness by writ+ su* /ories = 8 pap]4 ,! special feature /ory may be almo/ any?+4 ,! "n is us$ to designate timely magaz9e articles1 timely write-ups = ! ,sunday edition1 & timely squibs = ! columns ( ! daily pap]s4 ,! la/ use is ! "o t int]e/s u & x int]e/s u because x is v closely relat$ to ! human int]e/ /ory4 ,! editors usually call x a feature /ory because x is wor? pr9t+ 9 spite ( ! fact t x has no news value4 ,9 ?is & 9 its timel9ess x is l ! human int]e/ /ory4 ,b x is n writt5 = humor or pa?os2 its purpose is to ent]ta9 ! read]4 ,its me?od is l>gely expository & its /yle may be any?+2 x may expla9 or x may simply comm5t 9 a witty way4 ,! utiliz+ ( o!rwise useless by-products ( ! news is its purpose--9 ?is x is v mu* l ! animal /ory4 ,subjects = feature /ories may come f any:]e & may be almo/ any?+4 ,a v common k9d ( feature /ory is ! wea!r /ory t _m newspap]s pr9t e day4 ,! wea!r is tak5 z ! excuse = two or ?ree /ickfuls ( pr9t :i* expla9 & comm5t ^u wea!r conditions1 pa/1 pres5t & future4 ,gr[+ out ( ?is1 !re is ! season /ory :i* deals ) any subject t ! season may sugge/3 ! clos+ ( ,coney ,isl&1 ! spr+ /yles 9 m5's hats1 ! fir/ fur ov]coat1 ,comm5cem5t pres5ts1 ,ea/] eggs--any?+ 9 season4 ,fur!r remov$ f ! human int]e/ /ory is ! timely write-up :i* has no o!r purpose ?an to expla91 9 a m or less s]i\s or s5sible way1 any int]e/+ subject t comes to h&4 ,! /ory purports n only to ent]ta9 b to in=m z well4 ,x has no news value & yet x is usually timely4 ,"h are a few subjects select$ at r&om f ! daily pap]s3 ,he'll pay no tax on cake1 expla9+ 9 a humor\s way ! cu/oms me?ods t held up ! importation ( an ,italian ,*ri/mas cake2 ,cle>+ ,h\se = ,bra9s1 a description ( ! new employm5t bureau ( ! ,pr9ceton ,club ( ,new ,york2 ,ideal man pick$ by ! ,b>n>d girl1 a humor\s resum ( "s ,b>n>d ,college class /ati/ics2 ,w9n+ a ,v>sity ,lett]1 tell+ :at a v>sity lett] /&s =1 h[ x is won1 & :at ! cu/oms ( ! v>i\s colleges 9 reg>d to lett]s are2 ,j]ry ,moore raises a record corn crop1 tell+ h[ a fifte5-ye>-old boy won prizes ) a little pat* ( corn4 ,^! are j a few sugge/ions to op5 up to ! report] ! va/ field = special feature articles4 ,to be sure1 _m ( !m are submitt$ by outsid]s1 b !re is no reason :y a report] %\ld n write ^! /ories z well z human int]e/ /ories = 8 pap]1 s9ce he is 9 ! be/ position to get ! mat]ial4 ,:5ev] a special feature /ory becomes too l>ge = ! daily edition !re is always a possibility ( sell+ x to ! ,sunday section or to a mon?ly magaz9e4 ,! writ+ ( special feature /ories is directly 9 l9e ) ! report]'s "w1 because ! ord9>y me?od ( ga!r+ facts = a feature article & arrang+ !m 9 an int]e/+1 newsy way foll[s closely ! me?od by :i* a report] cov]s & writes a news /ory4 ,h5ce almo/ )\t exception ! mo/ successful magaz9e feature writ]s are1 or h be51 newspap] report]s4 ,,xvi ,,dramatic ,,report+ ,dramatic report+ is "o ( ! mo/ misus$ ( ! newspap] report]'s activities4 ,to _m report]s1 z well z to _! editors1 x is j an easy way ( gett+ free admission to ! !at] 9 return = a half column ( copy4 ,h5ce x is treat$ 9 an unju/ly trivial way2 ! reports ( !atrical productions are pr9t$ mo/ (t5 z space fill]s or z a small adv]tisem5t 9 return = free tickets4 ,b aft] all ! "w is an important "o & %\ld be done only by skillful & exp]t h&s4 ,dramatic report+ is includ$ 9 ?is book1 n because x is ?\ght possible to give ! subject an adequate treatm5t1 b because !atrical report+ is a bran* ( ! newspap] trade t may fall to ! h&s ( ! y\nge/ report]4 ,9 m]e ju/ice to ! /age ! report] :o writes up a play %\ld "k some?+ ab\t ! real significance ( :at he is do+4 ,x is mu* easi] to tell ! beg9n] :at n to d ?an to tell him exactly :at to d4 ,! faults 9 dramatic report+ are f> m evid5t ?an ! virtues2 & yet !re are "s positive ?+s t may be said on ! subject4 ,! fir/ important "q 9 ! :ole matt] is ,:o does dramatic report+8 ,"o w\ld l to answ]1 ,skill$ critics ( broad k & exp]i5ce4 ,b un=tunately almo/ anybody does x--any "o ab\t ! (fice :o is will+ to give up 8 ev5+ to g to ! !at]4 ,to be sure1 _m metropolitan pap]s employ skill$ critics to write _! dramatic copy & run ! !atrical news ov] ! critic's "n4 ,"s editors ( small] pap]s h ! dec5cy to d ! "w !mselves4 ,b 9 mo/ cases ! "w is giv5 to an ord9>y report]--& n infrequ5tly to ! gre5e/ report] on ! /aff4 ,worse ?an t1 ! "w is seldom giv5 to ! same report] cont9u\sly1 b is pass$ ar\nd among all ! memb]s ( ! /aff4 ,ev5 a gre5 cub may le>n by exp]i5ce h[ to report plays1 b if ! "w falls to him only once a mon? 8 tra9+ is v meag]4 ,x w\ld seem 9 ^! days ( mu* discussion ( ! !at] t editors w\ld realize ! p[] :i* !y h ov] ! /age ?r\gh _! favorable or unfavorable criticism4 ,b !y d n1 p]haps because !y "k little ab\t ! /age1 & ! appeal mu/ be made to _! report]s4 ,e report]1 except ^u ! l>ge/ pap]s1 has ! opportunity soon] or lat] to give 8 op9ion on a play4 ,9 anticipation ( t opportunity ^! few words ( advice are (f]$4 ,! fir/ requisite 9 dramatic criticism is a backgr\nd ( k ( ! drama & ! /age4 ,to *ildr51 & to "s gr[n p1 too1 ! /age is a little dream _w ( absolute realities4 ,_! imag9ations turn ! picture t is plac$ be=e !m into real1 ?robb+ life4 ,!y d n see ! unreality ( ! art1 ! sugge/ive effects1 ! flimsy delusions2 to !m ! play is real life1 ! /age is a real draw+ room or a real wood1 & !y _c conceive ( ! actors exi/+ outside _! p>ts4 ,b ! critic mu/ look deep]2 he mu/ und]/& ! ma*9]y t produces ! effects & he mu/ weigh ! success ( ! effects4 ,he mu/ get beh9d ! play & see ! actors outside ! ca/ & ! /age )\t its sc5]y2 ! dramatic art mu/ be to him a highly te*nical pr(ession4 ,= ?is reason1 he mu/ "k some?+ ab\t dramatic te*nique2 he mu/ h "s backgr\nd ( k4 ,he mu/ /udy ! !at] f e po9t ( view1 f an or*e/ra seat1 f beh9d ! sc5es1 f a peekhole 9 ! playwright's /udy1 & f ! pages ( /age hi/ory4 ,all ! tricks & effects mu/ be evid5t to him4 ,! only ?+ t w tea* him ?is is con/ant1 intellig5t !at]-go+4 ,he mu/ be famili> ) all ( ! plays ( ! season & ) all ( ! prom95t plays ( all seasons4 ,a *ild _c criticize ! fir/ play t he sees because he has no?+ ) :i* to comp>e x4 ,9 ! same way a report] _c ju/ly judge any k9d ( play until he has se5 ano!r ( ! same k9d ) :i* to comp>e x4 ,h5ce he mu/ "k _m plays & mu/ "k some?+ ab\t ! hi/ory ( ! !at]4 ,dramatic criticism is relative & ! critic mu/ h a basis = 8 comp>ison4 ,?is backgr\nd ( k may seem a difficult ?+ to acquire4 ,x is2 & x c be/ be acquir$ by wat*+ _m plays ) an eye = ! te*nique ( ! art4 ,! critic may judge a play f its effect ^u him1 b 8 judgm5t w be sup]ficial4 ,he mu/ try to see :at ! playwright is try+ to d1 h[ well he succe$s1 :at tricks he employs4 ,he mu/ judge ! "w ( ! /age c>p5t] & ( ! co/um]4 ,he mu/ try to realize :at problem ! lead+ lady has to face & h[ well %e solves x4 ,! same c>efulness ( judgm5t mu/ be giv5 to ea* memb] ( ! ca/4 ,only :5 ! critic is able to see pa/ ! footlights & to und]/& ! te*nique ( ! art1 c he judge intellig5tly4 ,& z 8 judgm5t c be at be/ only relative1 he mu/ h a backgr\nd ( _m plays & mu* /age k ^u :i* to base 8 e/imate ( any "o production4 ,! ideal criticism1 bas$ ^u ?is backgr\nd ( k1 w\ld be absolutely fair & unprejudic$4 ,b un=tunately ?is ideal _c always be foll[$4 ,mu* dramatic criticism is color$ by ! policy ( ! pap] t pr9ts x4 ,v few critics are s =tunate z to be able to say exactly :at !y ?9k ab\t a play2 !y mu/ say :at ! editor wants !m to say4 ,"s !atrical copy1 especially write-ups ( vaudeville %[s1 is paid = & mu/ conta9 no?+ b praise4 ,sometimes x is necess>y to praise ! poore/ production simply because ! pap] is receiv+ s mu* a column = ! praise4 ,9 _m o!r cases1 :5 ! copy is n paid =1 ! editor (t5 consid]s x only fair to give ! production a little puff 9 return = ! free press tickets4 ,& s a l>ge %>e ( any report]'s dramatic criticism is r$uc$ to select+ ?+s t he c praise4 ,yet1 "o _c praise 9 a way t is too evid5t2 he _c simply say ,! play 0 good2 ! /ag+ 0 good2 ! act+ 0 good2 9 fact1 ev]y?+ 0 good4 ,he mu/ praise m clev]ly & give 8 copy ! appe>ance ( hone/ criticism4 ,p]haps ! pr9ciple is wrong1 b nev]!less x exi/s & happy is ! dramatic critic ^: pap] all[s him to say exactly :at he ?9ks4 ,h[ev]1 :e!r "o may say :at he ?9ks or mu/ say :at 8 editor wants him to say1 he mu/ h z 8 backgr\nd a ?or\gh k ( ! /age ^u :i* he may base a comp>ison or a contra/ & ) :i* he may make intellig5t /atem5ts4 ,! foll[+ illu/rates :at may be done ) a paid report ( a m$iocre vaudeville %[ 9 :i* e act mu/ be prais$--! report 0 writt5 on ,monday ( a week's run & is int5d$ to induce p to see ! %[3 ,?is week's bill at ---- ,vaudeville ,!atre is da%$ onto ! bo>ds by a v excit+ act1 ,! ,fly+ ,m>t9s1 ^: ?rill+ tricks put ! audi5ce 9 a prop] /ate ( m9d = ! sp>kl+ & laughable program t foll[s--a /ate ( m9d t keeps its high pit* )\t a break or let-d[n to ! v end ( ,dr4 ,h]man's side-splitt+ electrical pranks4 ,?is man1 :o has truly tam$ electricity1 does _m rem>kable ?+s ) 8 big coils & high voltage curr5ts & plays _m extremely funny tricks ^u 8 r[ ( unsuspect+-h&some "y volunte]s4 ,! musical little playlet1 ,! ,b>n ,dance1 is v jok+ly c>ri$ (f by its ,jack-(-all-,trades1 ,zeke1 ! con/able1 & its pretty little ensemble song1 ,i'll ,build a ,ne/ = ,y4 ,_m a "y husb& c get po9t]s on home rule f ,baseballitis2 x is a mighty good pres5tation ( ! ,my ,h]o !me 9 actual life4 ,hilda ,haw?orne gives u "s high-class v5triloquism ) a good puppet song t is truly wond]ful4 ,!re's a lot ( good music1 v good music 9 ! sket* execut$ by ,! ,?ree ,vagrants1 z well z a lot ( fun2 "o c h>dly realize :at an am\nt ( melody an old accordion conta9s4 ,audrey ,pr+le & ,george ,:it+ h a hit t is sp>kl+ ) quick *anges f ,iri% love songs to bull frog croak+ ) ,italian v>iations4 ,= ! purpose ( a m complete /udy ( ! subject1 h[ev]1 we %all consid] only dramatic criticism t is n re/rict$ by editorial dictum or by ! requirem5ts ( paid-space4 ,t is1 we %all imag9e t we c praise or condemn or say any?+ we please conc]n+ ! dramatic production :i* we are to report4 ,:5 we look at ! subject 9 ?is way !re are "s positive ?+s t may be said ab\t !atrical report+1 b !re are _m m negative rules1 t may be r$uc$ to m]e ,don'ts4 ,! same pr9ciples hold good 9 dramatic criticism t is hamp]$ by policy1 b to a less degree4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! "o ?+ t a dramatic report] mu/ h :5 he beg9s to write 8 copy aft] ! p]=mance is "s positive idea ab\t ! play1 "s def9ite criticism1 ^u :i* to base 8 :ole report4 ,x is impossible to write a coh]5t report f *ance jott+s & to conf9e ! report to say+ ,?is 0 good2 t 0 bad1 ! o!r 0 m$iocre4 ,! critic mu/ h a positive c5tral idea ^u :i* to hang 8 criticism4 ,?is c5tral idea plays ! same "p 9 8 report z ! feature 9 a news /ory--x is ! feature ( 8 report :i* he br+s into ! fir/ s5t5ce1 to :i* he atta*es e item1 & ) :i* he ends 8 report4 ,to secure ?is idea1 ! report] mu/ wat* ! play closely ) ! purpose ( cry/alliz+ 8 judgm5t 9 a s+le conception1 ?\ght1 or impression4 ,sometimes ?is impression comes z an inspiration1 sometimes x is ! result ( h>d ?\ght dur+ or aft] ! play4 ,x may be conc]n$ ) ! !me ( ! play1 ! playwright's "w1 ! l9es1 ! /ag+1 ! effects1 ! tricks1 ! act+ z a :ole1 ! act+ ( s+le p]sons1 ! music1 ! danc+1 ! co/umes--any?+ connect$ ) ! production--b ! idea mu/ be big en\gh to c>ry ! entire report & to be ! gi/ ( :at ! critic has to say ab\t ! play4 ,x mu/ be 8 complete1 concise op9ion ( ! p]=mance4 ,:51 z ! critic wat*es ! play1 "s idea comes to him = 8 report he %\ld jot x d[n4 ,z ! play progresses he %\ld develop ?is idea & wat* = details t c>ry x out4 ,!re is no reason to be a%am$ ( tak+ notes 9 ! !at] & ! notes w prove v useful at ! (fice aft]w>d4 ,p]haps aft] ! play is ov] ! critic f9ds t 8 jott+s conta9 ano!r idea t is ( great] importance ?an ! fir/2 !n he may incorporate ! second into ! fir/ or disc>d ! fir/ altoge!r4 ,ev5 aft] "o has cry/alliz$ 8 judgm5t into a concise op9ion he mu/ elaborate & illu/rate x & ! program ( ! play is always ( value 9 enabl+ "o to ref] def9itely to ! individual actors1 *>act]s1 & o!r p]sons1 by "n4 ,b1 h[ev] complete ! f9al judgm5t & ! notes may be1 x is always well to write ! report imm$iately4 ,:5 "o leaves ! !at] 8 m9d is teem+ ) ?+s to say ab\t ! play1 ?\s&s ( !m1 b aft] a night's sleep x is d\btful if a s+le full-gr[n idea w rema9 & ! jott+s w be absolutely lifeless & unsugge/ive4 ,?is is ! positive in/ruction t may be giv5 to "y dramatic critics4 ,x is s important & is unkn[n to s _m "y !atrical report]s1 t x may be well to sum x up aga94 ,a dramatic criticism mu/ be coh]5t2 x mu/ be unifi$4 ,x mu/ be ! embodim5t ( a s+le idea ab\t ! play & e detail 9 ! report mu/ be atta*$ to t idea4 ,x is n suffici5t to /ate ! idea 9 a clev] way2 x mu/ be exp&$ & elaborat$ ) examples & reasons & mu/ %[ c>eful ?\ght4 ,x is well to outl9e ! report be=e x is writt5 & to arrange a logical sequ5ce ( ?\ght s t ! result may be well-r\nd$ & coh]5t4 ,! foll[+ is an example ( a dramatic criticism 9 :i* ?is c\rse is foll[$4 ,x nei!r praises nor condemns b x po9ts out g5tly :]e9 ! play is /rong or weak--& e s5t5ce is atta*$ to "o c5tral idea3 ,a ,,polite ,,little ,,play4 ,nev] raise y\r voice1 my de> ,g]ald4 ,t is ! only ?+ left to di/+ui% u f ! l[] classes4 ,"l ,wynlea 9 ,! ,be/ ,p4 ,! new com$y at ! ,lyric ,!atre is writt5 9 accordance ) ,"l ,wynlea's dictum quot$ above4 ,x is mann]ly1 well pois$1 +ratiat+ & deft4 ,z a m9or ef=t 9 ! high com$y /yle x is welcome1 because x af=ds a respite f ! plays ) a pun* & ! preval5t boi/]\s specim5s ( ! "w ( yeom5 :o g at ! art ( dramatic writ+ ) ma9 /r5g?4 ,! ,be/ ,p is by ,fr$]ick ,lonsdale & ,frank ,curz51 :o manife/ly "k "s ( !m4 ,x 0 done at ,wyndham's ,!atre 9 ,london1 & we ?9k t 9 a com=table ,engli% playh\se1 ) tea betwe5 acts & leisurely p]sons ) :om to visit 9 ! foy]1 x w\ld make an agreeable mat9ee4 ,c]ta9ly x is admirably act$ "h1 &1 z has be5 intimat$1 its quiet droll]y & its polite maneuv]+ make x a relief4 ,:e!r ,am]ican audi5ces1 us$ to /rong] f>e ?an tea at ! !atre1 w f9d x su/a9+ is a "q t w\ld seem to be answ]$ by ! ann\ncem5t1 j receiv$ f ! ,lyric1 t ! engagem5t closes next ,saturday ev5+4 ,! fable relates h[ ! ,honorable ,mrs4 ,bayle discov]$ t h] husb& & ,lady ,enswor? _h be5 flirt+ ) p]il dur+ h] abs5ce 9 ,egypt1 h[ %e bli!ly ?rew !m mu* toge!r1 ) ! result t !y grew int5sely we>y ( ea* o!r1 & h[ at la/ ev]ybody conc]n$ 0 happily & s5sibly reconcil$4 ,! _s ( ! piece is sane & nice1 ! decoration ( x :imsical & graceful4 ,miss ,lucille ,watson1 embody+ ! _s ( witty mis*ief1 gives a v f9e p]=mance ( ! "p ( ,mrs4 ,bayle1 a sm>t1 good woman1 & ,miss ,ru? ,%epley is excell5t 9 byplay & flutt] z a silly1 good woman4 ,cyril ,scott is graceful & vigor\s z a phil&]+ husb&1 ,dallas ,&]son comical z a ,london clubman ) a ke5] reli% 9 life ?an he is will+ to betray1 & ,william ,mc,vey wise1 pat]nal & weighty 9 t k9d ( a "p4 ,! ,be/ ,p is a pleasant spr+ fillip4 ,! fir/ admonition 9 !atrical report+ is ,don't resum ! plot or tell ! /ory ( ! play4 ,?is is almo/ all t _m dramatic report]s try to d1 because x is ! easie/ ?+ to d & requires ! lea/ ?\ght4 ,b1 aft] all1 x is usually valueless4 ,! /ory ( ! play does n int]e/ read]s :o h already se5 ! play & x spoils ! enjoym5t ( ! play = ^? :o int5d to see x4 ,! usual purpose ( any !atrical report is to criticize1 b a report t simply resums ! /ory ( ! play is n a criticism2 h5ce space devot$ to ! /ory is usually wa/$4 ,to be sure1 ?is admonition mu/ be qualifi$4 ,if ! developm5t ( ! critic's judgm5t ( ! play requires a resum ( ! /ory1 !re is !n a reason = outl9+ ! action4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 !n1 ! outl9e %\ld be v brief4 ,! foll[+ is a typical example ( ! usual dramatic report+ :i* is satisfi$ :5 x has told ! /ory ( ! play4 ,9 ?is1 ! fir/ two s5t5ces are a v bald attempt to repay ! manag] = 8 tickets4 ,! resum ( ! /ory1 giv5 v obvi\sly to fill space1 is n ( any critical value4 ,! only real criticism is at ! end & is inadequate because ! praise is giv5 )\t reason4 ,grace ,george & h] small b excell5t company ( arti/s add$ "o m to _! long li/ ( successful p]=mances la/ night 9 ! production ( ,g]ald9e ,bonn]'s clev] com$y ( mod]n life1 ,sauce = ! ,goose1 at ! ---- ,!atre4 ,t ! moody & sp>kl+ ,miss ,george has a good claim to ! title ( ,am]ica's lead+ com$i5ne1 no "o :o saw ! p]=mance la/ ev5+ c\ld d5y4 ,9 ?is piece %e is ca/ = ! "p ( ,kitty ,con/able1 :o is 9 ! ?ird ye> ( h] m>ri$ life & liv+ ) h] husb& 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,mr4 ,con/able has be5 engag$ 9 writ+ a book on ! emancipation ( woman & z a result has come to neglect 8 pretty little wife & seek ! companion%ip ( a c]ta9 woman ( great intellect1 ,mrs4 ,all[ay1 :o leads him on by an affect$ sympa?y ) 8 "w4 ,he *ides 8 wife = h] seem+ neglig5ce ( ! culture ( h] m9d1 tell+ h] t %e lacks grey matt]4 ,! climax comes :5 ,mr4 ,con/able tries to get away f 8 wife on ! ev5+ ( _! w$d+ anniv]s>y to d9e ) ,mrs4 ,all[ay4 ,kitty tries ! emancipat$ woman idea & goes to ! op]a ) ano!r man & has d9n] ) him 9 8 ap>tm5ts4 ,%e lets h] husb& "k ( h] plans & he comes to ! room 9 a rage4 ,by ?us play+ fir/ on 8 jeal\sy & !n by ridicul+ 8 ideas1 %e w9s him back to h]self4 ,! company 0 made up ( arti/s & !re 0 n a crude spot 9 ! :ole p]=mance4 ,! "p ( ,h>ry ,trav]s1 ! fri5d ( ,mrs4 ,con/able's1 0 excell5tly done by ,fr$]ick ,p]ry1 z 0 t ( ,mr4 ,con/able by ,h]b]t ,p]cy4 ,probably ! mo/ difficult "* 9 ! play to portray 0 t ( ! woman's rights woman1 ,mrs4 ,all[ay1 :i* 0 mo/ admirably done by ,edi? ,wakeman4 ,! ^w criticism mu/ n lead ! report] to ?9k t1 z a critic1 8 only function is to f9d fault4 ,to criticize may mean to praise z well z to condemn4 ,if ! critic is n re/rict$ by ! policy ( 8 pap]1 he %\ld be z will+ to praise z to condemn1 & vice v]sa4 ,b :i*ev] c\rse he takes he mu/ be ready to def5d 8 criticism & to tell :y he praises or :y he condemns4 ,!re is always a t5d5cy to praise a play 9 return = ! free tickets2 ?is %\ld be put aside absolutely4 ,! critic owes some?+ to ! public z well z to ! manag]4 ,if ! play seems to him to be bad1 he mu/ say s )\t hesitation & he mu/ tell :y x is bad4 ,too _m really bad plays are imm5sely adv]tis$ by a critic's undef5d$ /atem5t t !y are n fit to be se54 ,_h ! critic giv5 def9ite reasons = 8 condemnation1 8 criticism might h accompli%$ its purpose4 ,9 ! same way x is useless to say simply t a play is good4 ,its good po9ts mu/ be enum]at$ & ! read] mu/ be told :y x is good4 ,h[ev]1 criticism mu/ be writt5 ) delicacy4 ,if y\r he>t tells y to praise1 praise2 if y\r he>t tells y to condemn1 condemn ) c>e4 ,rememb] t y\r condemnation may put ! play (f ! bo>ds or at lea/ hurt its success1 & !re mu/ be suffici5t reason = su* radical action4 ,! critic's debt to ! public is l>ge1 b he owes "s consid]ation to ! manag]4 ,he mu/ hesitate be=e he says any?+ t may ru9 ! manag]'s bus9ess4 ,critics v (t5 condemn a play = trivial reasons2 !y feel indispos$1 p]haps because _! d9n] has n agre$ ) !m1 ! play does n fit into _! mood & !y turn 9 a half column ( ru9\s condemnation4 ,p]haps !y l a c]ta9 k9d ( production--f>ces1 = in/ance--& sy/ematically v5t _! ire on e trag$y & e musical com$y4 ,!y d n use p]spective2 !y d n judge ! /age z a :ole4 ,no matt] h[ poor a play is or h[ mu* a critic dislikes x1 he mu/ consid] :at ! /age p are try+ to d & judge accord+ly4 ,9 _m cases x is n ! individual play t des]ves adv]se criticism1 b ! k9d ( play4 ,all ( ^! ?+s mu/ be consid]$2 e dramatic critic mu/ h p]spective4 ,he mu/ be fair to ! /age p & to ! public2 8 influ5ce is great] ?an he may imag9e4 ,no matt] h[ /rong ! occasion = condemnation may be1 ! dramatic critic is nev] ju/ifi$ 9 speak+ bitt]ly4 ,! poor production is n a p]sonal (f5se aga9/ him nor aga9/ ! public4 ,x is simply a bad or an unwor?y attempt & 8 duty is conf9$ to po9t+ h[ or :y x is n wor?y4 ,t does n mean t he is ju/ifi$ 9 us+ bitt]1 abusive1 or ev5 s>ca/ic language4 ,x is great sport to make fun ( ?+s & to ex]cise "o's wits at "s "o's else exp5se--x is also easy--b t is n dramatic criticism4 ,! public asks ! critic to tell !m calmly & fairly1 ev5 coldly1 ! reasons = or aga9/ a production--! reasons :y !y %\ld1 or %\ld n1 sp5d _! money to see x--bitt] s>casm ov]rea*es ! m>k4 ,j z soon z a critic tries to be p]sonal 9 8 rem>ks on a play he is exce$+ 8 pr]ogative & is op5 to s]i\s criticism himself4 ,! necess>y attributes ( a dramatic report]1 z we h se51 are3 fairness1 logical ?9k+1 & a backgr\nd ( /age k4 ,& ( ^! ?ree1 ! backgr\nd is ( ! greate/ importance2 x is ! /imulus & ! *eck = ! o!r two4 ,! m a critic c "k ab\t e phase ( ! !atrical pr(ession1 contempor>y or hi/orical1 ! bett] w be 8 criticisms4 ,! m k ( ! /age t 8 copy %[s1 ! m gre$ily w 8 read]s look = 8 ,!atrical ,news ea* day4 ,h[ev] cle> 8 idea ( a play may be he _c express x cle>ly & readably )\t a backgr\nd ( o!r plays to ref] to4 ,&1 by ! same sign1 a weal? ( allusions & a quantity ( !atrical lore w (t5 c>ry a critic pa/ _m a play conc]n+ :i* he is unable to =m a cle> op9ion4 ,to develop y\r ability z a dramatic report]1 wat* ! !atrical criticisms 9 reputable dailies & weeklies & le>n f !m4 ,,xvii ,,/yle ,,book ,be+ a copy ( ! ,/yle ,book compil$ = ! ,c\rse 9 ,j\rnalism ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons9 f ! /yle books ( _m newspap]s4 #a4 ,capitalize3 ,all prop] n\ns3 ,smi?1 ,madison1 ,wiscons94 ,mon?s & days ( ! week1 b n ! seasons ( ! ye>3 ,april1 ,monday2 b autumn4 ,! fir/ ^w ( e quotation1 enum]at$ li/1 etc41 foll[+ a colon4 ,! pr9cipal words 9 ! titles ( books1 plays1 lectures1 pictures1 toa/s1 etc41 includ+ ! initial a or !3 ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,fratres 9 ,urbe4 ,if a preposition is atta*$ to or comp\nd$ ) ! v]b capitalize ! preposition also3 ,vot+ ,= ! ,"r ,man4 ,! names ( national political bodies3 ,h\se1 ,s5ate1 ,congress1 ! ,fifty-fir/ ,congress4 ,! names ( national (fic]s1 national dep>tm5ts1 etc43 ,presid5t1 ,vice ,presid5t1 ,navy ,dep>tm5t1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice 7b n bureau ( labor71 ,:ite ,h\se1 ,supreme ,c\rt 7& all c\rts71 ! ,union1 ,/>s & ,/ripes1 ,old ,glory1 ,union ,jack1 ,unit$ ,/ates army1 ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ! 7,u4 ,s47 ,con/itution1 ,unit$ ,k+dom1 ,dom9ion ( ,canada4 ,all titles prec$+ a prop] n\n3 ,presid5t ,taft1 ,gov]nor-elect ,wilson1 ex-,presid5t ,roosevelt1 ,policeman ,o',connor4 ,! entire names ( associations1 societies1 leagues1 clubs1 companies1 roads1 l9es1 & incorporat$ bodies g5]ally3 ,mason1 ,odd ,fell[1 ,knights ,templ>1 ,gr& ,lodge ( ,knights ( ,py?ias1 ,woman's ,*ri/ian ,temp]ance ,union1 ,wiscons9 ,univ]sity1 ,fir/ ,national ,bank1 ,s*litz ,brew+ ,company 7b ! ,s*litz brew]y71 ,metropolitan ,life ,insurance ,company1 ,*icago & ,nor?we/]n ,railway ,company1 ! ,association ( ,pass5g] & ,ticket ,ag5ts ( ! ,nor?we/1 ,clov] ,leaf ,l9e1 ,rock ,isl& ,road1 ,*icago ,bo>d ( ,trade1 ,new ,york ,/ock ,ex*ange 7b ! bo>d ( trade & ! /ock ex*ange74 ,! names ( all religi\s d5om9ations1 etc43 ,ca?olic1 ,prote/ant1 ,mormon1 ,spirituali/1 ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce1 ,fir/ ,me?odi/ ,*ur* 7b a ,me?odi/ *ur*71 ! ,bible1 ! ,koran1 ,*ri/ian1 ,vatican1 ,quir9al1 ,satan1 ! pron\ns ( ! ,deity4 ,! names ( all political p>ties 7bo? dome/ic & =eign73 ,republican1 ,socialism1 ,sociali/1 ,democracy1 ,populi/1 ,free ,silv]ite1 ,labor p>ty1 7b an>*i/74 ,sections ( ! c\ntry3 ! ,nor?1 ! ,ea/1 ,s\? ,am]ica2 s\!rn ,europe4 ,nicknames ( /ates & cities3 ,! ,buckeye ,/ate1 ! ,hub1 ! ,w9dy ,city4 ,! names ( sections ( a city & bran*es ( a riv]1 etc43 ! ,ea/ ,side1 ! ,nor? ,bran*4 ,! names ( /ocks 9 ! money m>ket3 ,sup]ior ,copp]1 ,f\r? ,av5ue ,elevat$4 ,! names ( ,fr5* /reets & places3 ,rue de la ,paix1 ,place de la ,concorde4 ,names ( automobiles3 ,pe]less1 ! ,:ite ,/eam]1 ,pi]ce ,arr[4 ,names ( holidays3 ,f\r? ( ,july1 ,*ri/mas1 ,new ,ye>'s day1 ,?anksgiv+ day4 ,names ( milit>y organizations3 ,fir/ ,wiscons9 ,volunte]s1 ,tw5ty-?ird ,wiscons9 ,regim5t1 ,second ,army ,corps1 second division ,six? ,army ,corps1 ,national ,gu>d1 ,ohio ,/ate ,militia1 ,fir/ ,regim5t armory1 ! militia1 ,gr& ,army ( ! ,republic4 ,! names ( all races & nationalities 7except negro73 ,am]ican1 ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 ,*9aman4 ,! nicknames ( baseball clubs3 ! ,:ite ,sox1 ! ,cubs4 ,miscellane\s3 la ,france1 ,iri% potatoes1 ,enfield rifle1 ,am]ican ,beauty roses4 #b4 ,capitalize :5 foll[+ a prop] n\n3 ,bay1 block1 build+1 canal1 cape1 cemet]y1 *ur*1 city1 college1 c\nty1 c\rt 7judicial71 creek1 dam1 empire1 falls1 gulf1 hall1 high s*ool1 hospital1 hotel1 h\se1 isl&1 i/hmus1 k9d]g>t51 lake1 m\nta91 ocean1 or*e/ra1 p>k1 pass1 peak1 p59sula1 po9t1 range1 republic1 riv]1 squ>e1 s*ool1 /ate1 /rait1 %oal1 sea1 slip1 !atre1 univ]sity1 valley1 etc43 ,s\? ,hall1 ,p>k ,hotel1 ,hayes ,block1 ,s+] ,build+1 ,dewey ,s*ool1 ,s\? ,division ,high ,s*ool1 ,sup]ior ,c\rt1 ,new ,york ,!atre1 ,beloit ,college1 ,wiscons9 ,univ]sity1 ,capitol ,squ>e4 #c4 ,d n capitalize :5 foll[+ a prop] "n3 ,addition1 av5ue1 b\lev>d1 c\rt 7a %ort /reet71 depot1 elevator1 m9e1 place1 /ation1 /ocky>ds1 /reet1 subdivision1 w>d1 etc43 ,nor?we/]n depot1 ,p9ckney /reet /ation1 ,?ird w>d1 ,h>mony c\rt1 ,am/]dam av5ue1 ,broad /reet1 ,w+ra addition1 ,wa%+ton b\lev>d1 ,w9*e/] place4 #d4 ,capitalize :5 prec$+ a prop] n\n3--,all titles d5ot+ rank1 occupation1 relation1 etc4 7d n capitalize !m :5 !y foll[ ! n\n73 ald]man1 ambassador1 ar*bi%op1 bi%op1 bro!r1 capta91 c>d9al1 conductor1 congressman1 consul1 commission]1 c\ncilman1 c\nt1 c\ntess1 cz>1 doctor1 duke1 du*ess1 e>l1 emp]or1 empress1 eng9e]1 fa!r1 fireman1 gov]nor1 h] maje/y1 8 honor1 8 royal highness1 judge1 mayor1 motorman1 m9i/]1 (fic]1 patrolman1 policeman1 pope1 pr9ce1 pr9cess1 pr(essor1 que51 repres5tative1 "r rev]5d1 s5ator1 %]iff1 /ate's attorney1 sultan3 ,ald]man ,john ,smi? 7b ,john ,smi?1 ald]man71 ,s5ator ,la ,follette 7b ,mr4 ,la ,follette1 s5ator f ,wiscons974 ,! same rule applies :5 ! foll[+ words prec$e a prop] n\n z "p ( a "n3 bay1 cape1 city1 college1 c\nty1 empire1 falls1 gulf1 isl&1 po9t1 sea1 /ate1 univ]sity1 etc43 ,city ( ,new ,york1 ,gulf ( ,mexico1 ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons91 ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 ,college ( ,physicians & ,surgeons4 #e4 ,d n capitalize3 ,! names ( /ate bodies1 etc43 ! s5ate1 h\se1 congress1 speak]1 capitol1 executive mansion1 revis$ /atutes4 7,^! are capitaliz$ only :5 !y ref] to ! national gov]nm5t3 e4 g41 ! capitol at ,madison1 ! ,capitol at ,wa%+ton47 ,! names ( city bo>ds1 dep>tm5ts1 build+s1 etc43 bo>ds1 bureaus1 commissions1 committees1 titles ( ord9ance1 acts1 bills1 po/(fice1 c\r?\se 7unless prec$$ by prop] n\n71 city hall1 alm%\se1 poorh\se1 h\se ( correction1 c\nty hospital1 ! c\ncil1 city c\ncil1 di/rict1 prec9ct3 e4 g41 ! fire dep>tm5t1 ! tax committee4 ,c]ta9 o!r gov]nm5tal t]ms3 f$]al1 national1 & /ate gov]nm5t1 armory1 navy1 army1 signal s]vice1 cu/om-h\se4 ,po9ts ( ! compass3 ea/1 we/1 nor?1 s\?1 nor!a/1 etc4 ,! names ( =eign bodies3 mansion-h\se1 p>liam5t1 rei*/ag1 l&tag1 duma4 ,common religi\s t]ms3 ! ^w ( ,god1 holy writ1 scriptures1 ! gospel1 heav51 sacr$ writ+s1 hea!n1 *ri/5dom1 *ri/ianize1 papacy1 papal see1 a!i/1 high *ur*1 *ur* & /ate1 etc4 ,! c\rt1 witness1 speak] ( ! *air1 9 dialogues4 ,sci5tific names ( plants1 animals1 & birds3 =mica rufa4 a4 m41 p4 m41 & m4 7mean+ a ?\s&72 ex- prec$+ a title4 ,! names ( college classes3 fre%man1 sophomore4 ,college degrees :5 spell$ out3 ba*elor ( arts2 b ,b4 ,a4 ,seasons ( ! ye>3 spr+1 autumn1 etc4 ,(fic]s 9 local organizations 7election ( (fic]s72 presid5t1 secret>y1 etc4 ,c]ta9 common n\ns =m$ f prop] n\ns3 /reet arab1 prussic acid1 prussian blue1 p>is gre51 *9a cup1 india rubb]1 ca%m]e %awl1 half russia1 morocco lea!r1 epsom salts1 japann$ w>e1 pla/] ( p>is1 brussels & wilton c>pets1 val5ci5nes & *antilly lace1 v&yke coll>1 val5t9e1 philippic1 socratic1 h]culean1 guillot9e1 d]by hat1 gatl+ gun4 #f4 ,punctuation3 ,omit p]iods aft] nicknames3 ,tom1 ,sam1 etc4 ,always use a p]iod betwe5 doll>s & c5ts & aft] p] c5t41 b nev] aft] c1 s1 & d1 :5 !y repres5t c5ts1 %ill+s1 & p5ce3 #a4bc1 #aj p] c5t41 #bs #f;d4 ,punctuate ! votes 9 ballot+ ?us3 ,yeas1 #b2 nays1 #c4 ,punctuate li/s ( names ) ! cities or /ates to :i* ! individuals belong ?us3 ,messrs4 ,smi? ( ,ill9ois1 ,samson ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 etc4 ,if ! li/ conta9s m ?an ?ree names1 omit ! ( & punctuate ?us3 ,smi?1 ,ill9ois2 ,samson1 ,we/ ,virg9ia2 etc4 ,:]e a numb] ( names occurs ) ! (fice :i* !y hold1 use commas & semicolons1 ?us3 ,j4 ,s4 ,hall1 gov]nor2 ,h5ry ,ov]/oltz1 mayor2 etc4 ,nev] use a colon aft] viz41 to wit1 namely1 e4 g41 etc41 except :5 !y end a p>agraph4 ,use a colon1 da%1 or semicolon be=e !m & commas aft] !m1 ?us3 ,?is is ! man2 to wit1 ! victim4 ,su* z %\ld foll[ a comma & h no po9t aft] x3 ,he saw _m ?+s1 su* z m51 horses1 etc4 ,set li/s ( names ?us )\t po9ts3 ,mesdames-- ,george ,v4 ,k+ ,*>les ,c4 ,knapp ,h5ry ,a4 ,lloyd ,john ,h4 ,cole ,jr4 ,d n use a comma betwe5 a man's "n & ! title ,jr4 or ,sr4 z ,john ,jones ,jr4 ,use ! apo/rophe to m>k elision3 ,i've1 'tis1 don't1 c't1 won't1 can/1 c\ld/1 dreamt1 don'ts1 won'ts1 '#hjs4 ,use ! apo/rophe 9 possessives & use x 9 ! prop] place3 ! boy's clo!s1 boys' clo!s1 ,burns' poems1 ,fox's ,m>tyrs1 ,agassiz's works1 ours1 y\rs1 !irs1 h]s1 its 7b x's = x is74 ,george & ,john's fa!r 0 a good man2 ,jack's & ,samuel's fa!rs 7 n4 ,d n use ! apo/rophe :5 mak+ a plural ( figures1 etc43 all ! #cs1 ! ,?ree ,rs4 ,d n use ! apo/rophe 9 ,frisco1 phone1 v>sity1 bus4 ,use an em da% aft] a man's "n :5 plac$ at ! beg9n+ 9 reports ( int]views1 spee*es1 dialogues1 etc43 ,john ,jones--,i h no?+ to say4 7,no quotation m>ks47 ,9 a s5t5ce conta9+ words inclos$ 9 p>5!ses1 punctuate z if ! "p 9 p>5!ses 7 omitt$3 if !re is any po9t put x aft] ! la/ p>5!sis4 ,use brackets to set (f any expression or rem>k ?r[n into a spee* or quotation & n orig9ally 9 x3 ,! ,republican p>ty is aga9 9 p[]--*e]s--& is come to /ay4 ,use ! conjunction & & a comma be=e ! la/ "n 9 a li/ ( names1 etc43 ,john1 ,george1 ,james1 & ,h5ry4 ,use no commas 9 su* expressions z #f feet #c in*es tall1 #c ye>s #f mon?s old1 #b y>ds #d in*es long4 ,punctuate scores z foll[s3 ,wiscons9 #h1 ,*icago #j4 ,punctuate times 9 races1 etc43 #ajj-y>d da%--,smi?1 fir/2 ,jones1 second4 ,"t1 #j3aj #a-e4 ,pet]s c>ri$ ! ball ?irty y>ds to ! #aj-y>d l9e4 #g4 ,date l9es3 ,punctuate date l9es z foll[s3 ,,madison1 ,wis41 ,jan4 #be4-- ,d n use ! "n ( ! /ate aft] ! names ( ! l>g] cities ( ! c\ntry1 su* z ,new ,york1 ,*icago1 ,bo/on1 ,philadelphia1 ,baltimore1 ,san ,francisco1 ,seattle4 ,abbreviate ! names ( mon?s :i* h m ?an five lett]s4 #h4 ,quot+3 ,quote all extracts & quotations set 9 ! same type & /yle z ! context1 b d n quote extracts set 9 small] type ?an ! context or set solid 9 sep>ate p>agraphs 9 lead$ matt]4 ,quote all dialogues & int]views1 unless prec$$ by ! "n ( ! speak] or by ,"q & ,answ]3 ,i h no?+ to say1 answ]$ ,mr4 ,smi?4 ,william ,smi?--,i h no?+ to say4 ,"q--,7 y !re8 ,answ]--,i 04 ,quote ! names ( novels1 dramas1 pa9t+s1 /atu>y1 op]as1 & songs3 ,! ,brass ,b[l1 ,il ,trovatore4 ,quote ! subjects ( addresses1 lectures1 s]mons1 toa/s1 mottoes1 articles 9 newspap]s3 ,! ,great ,nor?we/1 ,our ,int]e/s4 ,be sure to include ,! 9 ! quotation ( names ( books1 pictures1 plays1 etc43 ,! ,fire ,k+2 n ! ,fire ,k+2 unless ! article is n a "p ( ! "n4 ,d n quote ! names ( !atrical companies1 z ,h] ,atonem5t ,company4 ,d n quote ! names ( *>act]s 9 plays1 z ,%ylock 9 ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice4 ,d n quote ! names ( newspap]s4 ,9 editorials put ,! ,/> 9 italics1 b 9 ,! ,kansas ,city ,/> put ,/> 9 italics & use no quotation m>ks4 ,d n quote ! names ( vessels1 fire eng9es1 balloons1 horses1 cattle1 dogs1 sleep+ c>s4 #i4 ,comp\nds & ,divisions3 ,omit ! hyph5 :5 us+ an adv]b comp\nd$ ) -ly be=e a p>ticiple3 a newly built h\se4 ,use a hyph5 aft] prefixes end+ 9 a v[el 7except bi & tri7 :5 us+ !m be=e a v[el3 co-exi/4 ,:5 us+ su* a prefix be=e a consonant d n use ! hyph5 except to di/+ui% ! ^w f a ^w ( ! same lett]s b ( diff]5t mean+3 correspond5t1 b co-respond5t 7"o call$ to answ] a summons72 recreation1 b re-create 7to create anew7 re=m1 b re-=m 7to =m aga972 re-en=c$2 bi5nial1 etc4 ,d n use ! hyph5 9 ! names ( rooms :5 ! prefix is ( only "o syllable3 b$room1 c\rtroom1 ba?room1 etc4 7except blue room1 gre5 room1 etc474 ,:5 ! prefix is ( m ?an "o syllable use ! hyph54 ,foll[ ! same rule 9 mak+ comp\nds ( h\se1 %op1 y>d1 mak]1 hold]1 keep]1 build]1 work]3 %ipbuild]1 doorkeep]4 ,9 divid+ at ! end ( a l9e3 ,d n run ov] a syllable ( two lett]s4 ,d n divide ,n4 ,y41 ,m4 ,p41 ,,ll4 ,d41 ,m4 ,d41 a4 m41 p4 m41 etc4 ,d n divide figures ?us3 #a1-jjj1jjj2 b ?us #a1jjj1-jjj4 ,d n divide a ^w ( five lett]s or less4 #aj4 ,figures3 ,use figures = numb]s ( a hundr$ or ov]1 except :5 m]ely a l>ge or indef9ite numb] is int5d$3 tw5ty-?ree1 #abc1 ab\t a ?\s&1 a doll>1 a million1 millions1 a ?\s& to "o1 f f\r to five hundr$4 ,use figures = numb]s ( less ?an #ajj :5 !y are us$ 9 connection ) l>g] numb]s3 ,!re 7 #cc boys & #aef girls2 !re 7 #ajf la/ week & #af ?is week4 ,use figures = h\rs ( ! day3 at #g p4 m42 at #h3cj ?is morn+4 ,use figures = days ( ! mon?3 ,april #cj1 ! #bbnd ( ,may4 ,use figures = ages3 he 0 #ab ye>s old2 little #b-ye>-old ,john4 ,if ! words #b-ye>-old ,john beg9 a s5t5ce or headl9e1 spell out ! age4 ,use figures = dim5sions1 prices1 degrees ( temp]ature1 p] c5ts41 dates1 votes1 times 9 races1 scores 9 baseball1 etc43 #c feet long1 #c a y>d1 #gf degrees1 ,jan4 #ad1 #aijf4 ,"t ( race--#b3bg4 ,use figures = all sums ( money3 #bd1 #e4jf1 #ge c5ts4 ,use figures = /reet numb]s3 #acbd ,gr& av5ue4 ,use figures = numb]$ /reets & av5ues above #ii?2 spell out bel[ #ajj?3 #abc ,tw5ty-?ird av5ue1 #aj ,ea/ #abf? /reet4 ,use figures 9 /ati/ical or tabul> matt]2 nev] use ditto m>ks4 ,use figures1 p]iod1 & en quad = fir/1 second1 etc43 #a4--1 #b4--4 ,d n beg9 a s5t5ce or p>agraph ) figures2 supply a ^w if necess>y or spell out3 ,at #aj o'clock2 ,ov] #cjj m54 ,d n use ! apo/rophe to =m plurals ( figures3 ! #ds1 r ?an ! #d's4 ,9 all texts f ! ,bible set ! *apt]s 9 ,roman num]als & ! v]ses 9 figures3 ,matt4 xxii4 #cg-dj2 ,i4 ,john v4 #a-ae4 ,9 ,sunday s*ool lessons say ,v]se #e4 ,say ?ree-qu>t]s ( #a p] c5t42 n #c_/d ( #a p] c5t4 ,set t5?s1 hundr$s1 etc41 9 decimals3 #a4a2 #b4jc4 #aa4 ,abbreviations3 ,abbreviate ! foll[+ titles & no o!rs1 :5 !y prec$e a "n3 ,rev41 ,dr41 ,mme41 ,mlle41 ,mr41 ,mrs41 ,mgr4 7,monsignore71 ,m4 7,monsieur74 ,d n put ,mr4 be=e a "n :5 ! ,*ri/ian "n is giv5 except 9 society news & editorials3 ,mr4 ,johnson2 b ,samuel ,l4 ,johnson4 ,supply ,mr4 9 all cases :5 ,rev4 is us$ )\t ! ,*ri/ian "n3 ,rev4 ,h5ry ,w4 ,bee*]2 b ,rev4 ,mr4 ,bee*]4 ,nev] use ,honorable or ! abbreviation !re( except ) =eign names1 9 editorials1 or 9 docum5ts4 ,abbreviate ?us3 ,wa%41 ,mont41 ,s4 ,d41 ,n4 ,d41 ,wyo41 ,cal41 ,wis41 ,colo41 ,ind41 ,id41 ,kan41 ,ariz41 ,okla41 ,me4 ,d n abbreviate ,oregon1 ,i[a1 ,ohio1 ,utah1 ,alaska1 or ,texas4 ,abbreviate ?us3 ,madison1 ,dane ,c\nty1 ,wis43 b ,dane ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,use ! abbreviations ,u4 ,s4 ,n4 & ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 aft] a prop] "n4 ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 ,w4 ,c4 ,t4 ,u41 ,m4 ,e4 are good abbreviations4 ,abbreviate names ( mon?s :5 prec$+ date only :5 ! mon? conta9s m ?an five lett]s3 ,jan4 #bj2 b ,april #bj4 ,:5 ! date prec$es ! mon? 9 read+ matt] spell x out3 ! #ac? ( ,janu>y2 ! #bf? in/4 ,abbreviate ,numb] be=e figures3 ,no4 #aj4 ,abbreviate contract1 article1 section1 "q1 answ]1 aft] ! fir/ 9 bills1 by-laws1 te/imony1 etc43 ,section #a41 ,sec4 #b42 ,"q--1 ,answ]--1 ,q4--1 ,a4--4 ,d n abbreviate railway1 company1 ! names ( /reets1 w>ds1 av5ues1 di/ricts1 etc43 ,madison ,/reet ,railway ,company2 ,/ate /reet1 ,monona av5ue4 ,/reet & av5ue are sometimes abbreviat$ 9 want-ads3 ,/ate-/1 ,monona-av4 ,spell out numb]$ /reets & av5ues up to #ajj?3 ,?irty-f\r? /reet1 #acd? /reet4 ,use 9 names ( firms1 b use ! long & 9 names ( railroads4 ,use ,etc4 & n c42 use ,bro!rs & n ,bros4 7except 9 ads72 use only :5 necess>y to abbreviate 9 /ocks4 ,d n abbreviate ! names ( political p>ties except 9 election returns1 !n3 ,dem41 ,rep41 ,soc41 ,lab41 ,ind41 ,pro41 ,un4 ,cit4 ,put 9 necess>y commas 9 abbreviat+ railroad names3 ,c41 ,m4 ,/4 ,p4 ,ry4 7,*icago1 ,milwaukee & ,/4 ,paul ,railway72 ,c41 ,c41 ,c4 ,/4 ,l4 ,r4 ,r4 7,clevel&1 ,c9c9nati1 ,*icago & ,/4 ,l\is ,railroad74 ,abbreviate )\t p]iods 9 m>ket review & quotations3 #be;c1 bu1 brls1 tcs1 pkgs1 f o b1 p t1 etc4 ,spell out c5times except :5 giv5 ?us3 #aj;f #bj;c4 ,d n abbreviate ,=t & ,m\nt3 ,=t ,wayne1 ,m\nt ,v]non4 #ab4 ,prep>ation ( ,copy3 ,use a typewrit] or write legibly2 "s "o mu/ read y\r copy4 ,if y write ) a typewrit]1 d\ble or triple space y\r copy2 nev] use s+le space4 ,don't write on m ?an "o side ( ! pap]4 ,leave suffici5t m>g9 = corrections & leave a space at ! top ( ! fir/ page = headl9es2 leave an in* at ! top ( ea* page4 ,don't put m ?an "o /ory on a s+le %eet ( pap]4 ,don't tru/ ! copy-read] to fill 9 blanks or to correct misspell$ names4 ,if y write by h& pr9t out prop] names z legibly z possible2 und]score u & ov]score n4 ,don't assume t ! copy-read]1 ! pro(read]1 or ! editor w punctuate = y1 or elim9ate all sup]flu\s punctuation4 ,rememb] t uni=mity is m to be desir$ ?an a /rict foll[+ ( /yle4 ,don't turn 9 copy )\t re-read+ c>efully & v]ify+ all names & addresses4 ,use %ort p>agraphs2 always p>agraph ! lead sep>ately2 ind5t p>agraphs di/9ctly4 ,don't write ov] figures or words2 scrat* out & rewrite4 ,numb] y\r pages2 :5 pages are ins]t$ use lett]s3 pages #b1 #c;a1 #c;b1 #d1 #e4 ,a circle ar\nd an abbreviation or a figure indicates t ! ^w or numb] is to be spell$ out4 ,a circle ar\nd a spell$-out ^w or numb] indicates t x is to be abbreviat$ or run 9 figures4 ,m>k ! end ( y\r /ory1 ?us3 #ac4 ,don'ts3 ,don't use ,honorable or abbreviations !re(1 except 9 extracts f spee*es or docum5ts1 9 editorials1 or be=e =eign names4 ,don't add f9al s to aft]w>d1 t[>d1 upw>d1 d[nw>d1 backw>d1 e>?w>d1 etc4 ,don't use sign$ be=e ! signature ( a lett] or docum5t2 run signature 9 caps4 ,don't beg9 a s5t5ce or p>agraph ) figures2 ins]t a ^w be=e ! figures or spell out4 ,don't use commas 9 dates or 9 figures :i* d5ote ! numb] ( a ?+1 z ,a4 ,d4 #aijh1 #bcbd ,/ate /reet1 ,policy #cchae2 9 o!r cases use ! comma1 z #e1bhi2 #a1bcf1djj p4 ,don't =get t ! foll[+ are s+ul> & require s+ul> v]bs3 sums ( money1 z #bc 0 inve/$2 ,unit$ ,/ates2 anybody1 ev]ybody1 somebody1 nei!r1 ei!r1 none2 :]eab\ts1 z ,8 :]eab\ts is kn[n4 ,don't =get t ?+s ,,occur by *ance or accid5t1 & t ?+s ,,take ,,place by arrangem5t4 ,don't su/a9 brok5 legs & o!r injuries4 ,don't adm9i/] puni%m5t4 ,don't conf\nd audi5ces1 spectators1 & casual witnesses4 ,don't say p>ty = p]son4 ,don't use suicide1 loan1 sc>e1 z v]bs4 ,don't use gott52 x is que/ionable2 use got4 ,don't use burgl>ize4 ,don't use transpire = occur4 ,don't use locate = f9d2 to locate a ?+ is to place x4 ,don't use /opp$ = /ay$3 ,he /ay$ at ! ,c5tral ,hotel4 ,don't t5d] receptions nor r5d] songs2 use simply give & s+4 ,don't put 9 an appe>ance2 j appe>4 ,don't use don't = doesn't4 ,don't use /at$ = said4 ,don't say p] day or p] ye>1 b a day1 a ye>2 p] is a ,lat9 ^w & c be us$ only be=e a ,lat9 n\n1 z p] diem or p] annum4 ,don't say ! meet+ conv5$2 memb]s might conv5e b a s+le body _c4 ,don't claim t any?+ is s2 y c claim a ?+1 h[ev]4 ,don't say ,mrs4 ,dr4 ,smi?1 j ,mrs4 ,smi?4 ,don't say betwe5 :5 m ?an two are m5tion$4 ,don't use prov5 = prov$4 ,don't conf\nd /aid ) /ay$4 ,don't say diff]5t ?an1 b diff]5t f4 ,don't split inf9itives or o!r v]bs4 ,don't use onto4 ,don't use babe or tot = baby or *ild4 ,don't use sup]latives :5 y c help x4 ,don't use trite expressions or =eign words & phrases4 ,don't use corn] ( 9 designat+ /reet location4 ,don't say di$ f op]ation1 b di$ aft] op]ation--to avoid dang] ( libel4 ,don't get ! v habit4 ,don't use c\ple ( in/ead ( two4 ,don't use ,mr4 be=e a man's full "n4 ,don't use slang unless x is fitt+--:i* is seldom4 ,don't m5tion ! report]s1 s+ly or collectively1 unless x is necess>y4 ,x r>ely is4 ,don't qualify ! ^w unique2 a ?+ may be unique1 b x _c be v unique1 q unique1 r unique1 or m unique4 ,don't use ! inv]t$ passive3 e4 g41 ,a man 0 giv5 a d9n]1 ,smi? 0 aw>d$ a m$al4 ,don't concoct long & improp] titles3 ,ju/ice ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ,smi?1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,insurance ,dep>tm5t ,jones1 ,groc]yman ,br[n4 ,if ! title is long put x aft] ! man's "n2 ?us3 ,george ,smi?1 ju/ice ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,don't use ! v]b occur ) w$d+s1 receptions1 etc42 !y take place by design & nev] unexpect$ly4 ,don't say a numb] (1 if y c help x4 ,be specific4 ,don't use ! ^w lady = woman1 or g5tleman = man4 ,don't say a man by ! "n ( ,smi?1 b a man nam$ ,smi?4 ,don't use depot = /ation--railway pass5g] /ation4 ,,app5dix ,i ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,/udy ,^! ,sugge/ions = ,/udy embody ! me?od us$ 9 ! c\rse 9 ,news ,/ory ,writ+ 9 ! ,c\rse 9 ,j\rnalism ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons94 ,! text ( ! sev]al *apt]s corresponds to ! lectures t are giv5 9 prep>ation =1 & 9 connection )1 ! /udy ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( news /ories4 ,^! ,sugge/ions = ,/udy correspond to ! ex]cises by :i* ! /ud5ts le>n ! application ( ! pr9ciples embodi$ 9 ! lectures4 ,h5ce ^! sugge/ions are giv5 ma9ly f ! in/ructor's po9t ( view2 h[ev]1 a slight alt]ation w adapt !m to home or individual /udy4 ,al?\gh !y give v little practice 9 news ga!r+1 !y enable ! /ud5t to ga9 practice 9 ! writ+ ( news--9 accordance ) ! purpose ( ?is book4 ,! report] :o is /udy+ ! bus9ess 9 a newspap] (fice may use !m to advantage 9 connection ) 8 regul> "w4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,fir/ ,,*apt] #a4 ,collect clipp+s ( repres5tative news /ories1 pr9t$ 9 ! daily pap]s1 to be us$ z models4 #b4 ,keep a book ( tips ( expect$ news 9 y\r t[n or city4 #c4 ,/udy news /ories 9 y\r local pap] & try to det]m9e f :at s\rce ! orig9al news tip came4 ,try to discov] f ! /ory ! r\t9e ( news ga!r+ :i* furni%$ ! facts4 #d4 ,9 ! same /ories try to det]m9e :at p]sons 7 int]view$2 frame ! que/ions t ! report] might h ask$ to secure ! facts4 ,! in/ructor may imp]sonate v>i\s p]sons 9 a giv5 news /ory & h ! /ud5ts int]view him = ! facts2 ?is is to assi/ ! /ud5t 9 le>n+ to keep ! po9t ( view & to keep him f ask+ ridicul\s que/ions4 #e4 ,try to discov] :at /ories 9 any newspap] are ! result ( actual report+ by /aff report]s--po9t out :]e ! o!rs come f4 #f4 ,notice ! date l9e on /ories t come f ! outside1 & le>n its =m4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,second ,,*apt] #a4 ,wat* = local /ories t seem to be wor? s5d+ out2 det]m9e :at elem5t 9 !m makes !m wor? s5d+ out2 calculate h[ f> f _! s\rce !y w\ld be wor? pr9t+4 #b4 ,/udy ! news value ( /ories t are pr9t$ 9 ! local pap]s2 det]m9e :y !y 7 pr9t$4 ,look = ! same ?+s 9 /ories ) date l9es 9 ! local pap]s4 #c4 ,det]m9e :at class ( read]s any giv5 news /ory w\ld int]e/4 #d4 ,notice ! "t elem5t 7timel9ess7 9 newspap] /ories4 #e4 ,try to det]m9e ! radius ( y\r local pap]'s p]sonal news s\rces3 h[ ne> ! pr9t+ (fice "o mu/ live to be wor? p]sonal m5tion4 #f4 ,wat* = local /ories ^: news value dep5ds ^u ! dea? elem5t1 ^u a prom95t "n1 a significant loss ( prop]ty1 m]e unusualness1 human int]e/1 or p]sonal appeal2 see :at ! local pap]s d ) ^! /ories & :e!r ! local correspond5ts s5d !m out4 #g4 ,analyze ! nature ( ! p]sonal appeal 9 /ories t are pr9t$ only = _! p]sonal appeal4 #h4 ,notice h[ local reasons *ange ! news values ( local /ories4 #i4 ,9 any or all ( ^! /ories det]m9e :at ! feature is4 ,di/+ui% betwe5 ! fundam5tal incid5t :i* ! /ory reports & ! additional significant feature :i* enhances ! news value ( ! fundam5tal incid5t4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,?ird ,,*apt] #a4 ,run ov] ! ,/yle ,book at ! end ( ?is book2 note ! ess5tial po9ts 9 newspap] /yle4 #b4 ,give ! pr9cipal rules = ! prep>ation ( copy4 #c4 ,glance ov] ! ,don'ts 9 ! ,/yle ,book4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,f\r? ,,*apt] #a4 ,/udy ! =m & con/ruction ( news /ories1 especially simple fire /ories4 #b4 ,pick out ! feature ( ea* /ory--! additional incid5t 9 ! /ory :i* increases ! news value ( ! /ory itself--& see if ! /rik+ feature has be5 play$ up to be/ advantage4 #c4 ,notice h[ ! read]'s cu/om>y que/ions--:at1 :]e1 :51 :o1 h[1 & :y--are answ]$ 9 ! lead4 ,make a li/ ( ! answ]s 9 any giv5 /ory4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,fif? ,,*apt] #a4 ,collect good fire /ories appe>+ 9 ! newspap]s4 ,/udy ! con/ruction ( ! lead & ! ord] 9 :i* ! facts are pres5t$ 9 ! body ( ea* /ory4 #b4 ,write ! leads ( fire /ories4 ,! *ances are t actual fires w seldom occur at ! "t :5 ! /ud5t wi%es to /udy ! writ+ ( fire /ories1 b ! in/ructor may give 8 class1 orally or 9 writ+1 ! facts ( a fire /ory4 ,he may use imag9>y facts or he may take ! facts f a /ory clipp$ f a newspap]--! latt] me?od is bett] because x enables ! in/ructor to %[ ! /ud5ts1 aft] !y h writt5 _! /ories1 j h[ ! orig9al /ory 0 writt5 9 ! newspap] (fice4 ,! facts %\ld be giv5 9 ! ord] 9 :i* a report] w\ld probably secure !m 9 actual report+ s t ! /ud5t may le>n to sort & arrange ! facts t he wi%es to use1 & to select ! feature4 ,! in/ructor may ev5 imp]sonate diff]5t p]sons connect$ ) ! /ory & h ! class int]view him = ! facts4 ,?is me?od is to be foll[$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole /udy ( news /ory writ+4 7,9 individual /udy1 practice may be secur$ f writ+ up imag9>y or real facts47 #c4 ,9 ^! fir/ fire /ories1 use fires t h no int]e/ beyond ! int]e/ 9 ! fire itself--t is1 no feature4 ,beg9 ! /ory ) ,fire & devote ! lead to answ]+ ! read]'s cu/om>y que/ions4 #d4 ,look = newspap] fire /ories t are n correctly writt5 & recon/ruct ! lead accord+ to ! logic ( ! fire lead4 ,t is1 /rive = concis5ess & cut out details t d n prop]ly belong 9 ! lead4 #e4 ,make a li/ ( ! read]'s cu/om>y que/ions conc]n+ any fire & write out ! briefe/ possible answ]s4 ,!n con/ruct a lead to embody ^! answ]s4 ,det]m9e :i* answ] %\ld come fir/ & :i* la/1 accord+ to importance4 #f4 ,write ! bodies ( "s ( ^! /ories4 ,fir/ li/ ! facts t are to be pres5t$ & det]m9e ! ord] ( _! importance4 #g4 ,emphasize ! sep>at5ess & complet5ess ( ! two p>ts ( ! /ory--! lead & ! body ( ! /ory4 ,te/ ! leads to see if !y w\ld be cle> 9 !mselves )\t fur!r explanation4 #h4 ,/rive = brevity1 concis5ess & cle>ness2 wage w> on all attempts at f9e writ+4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,six? ,,*apt] #a4 ,/udy fire /ories :i* h features--an int]e/ beyond ! m]e fire itself--& see h[ ! newspap]s write !m4 #b4 ,9 a feature fire /ory ( ,class ,i41 make a li/ ( ! read]'s cu/om>y que/ions conc]n+ ! fire1 z if x 7 a simple fire /ory1 & a li/ ( ! answ]s4 ,see if any answ] is m int]e/+ ?an ! fire itself1 or if its pres5ce makes ! /ory m int]e/+4 ,%[ t su* an answ] is ! feature4 #c4 ,write fire /ories ) features 9 "s "o ( ! read]'s cu/om>y answ]s4 7,class ,i47 #d4 ,/udy a simple fire /ory & try to imag9e :at ?+s--prop]ly answ]s to ! read]'s cu/om>y que/ions--might happ5 to give ! fire great] news value4 ,?is w %[ ! /ud5t h[ to look = ! feature ( a /ory4 #e4 ,write ! lead ( any fire /ory 9 z _m diff]5t ways z possible1 /riv+ 9 ea* "o to play up ! same feature4 #f4 ,/udy a simple fire /ory & try to imag9e :at unexpect$ ?+s might occur 9 connection ) ! fire :i* w\ld be ( great] int]e/ ?an ! fire itself4 ,%[ t ^! w\ld be features & t !y d n fall )9 ! answ]s to ! read]'s cu/om>y que/ions--i4 e41 !y are unexpect$4 #g4 ,write fire /ories ) features 9 unexpect$ att5dant circum/ances4 #h4 ,make up li/s ( dead & injur$2 notice h[ ! newspap]s arrange & punctuate ^! li/s4 #i4 ,/udy fire /ories ) m ?an "o feature4 ,"w out ! possibilities 9 any giv5 fire along ^! l9es4 #aj4 ,write fire /ories 9 :i* !re is m ?an "o feature wor? a place 9 ! lead4 ,try v>i\s comb9ations 9 ! lead to discov] ! happie/ arrangem5t4 ,%[ h[ "o ( _m /rik+ features may be ( s mu* importance z to drive ! o!r features entirely out ( ! lead4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,sev5? ,,*apt] #a4 ,c\nt ! numb] ( words 9 ! s5t5ces & p>agraphs ( repres5tative newspap] /ories4 #b4 ,practice writ+ fire leads t might be pr9t$ alone )\t ! re/ ( ! /ory4 #c4 ,take a fire lead & exp]im5t ) v>i\s beg9n+s to %[ ! possibilities3 a4 ,n\n--exp]im5t ) & )\t articles4 b4 ,inf9itive--,di/+ui% inf9itives 9 to & 9 -+4 c4 ,t clause4 d4 ,prepositional phrase4 e4 ,temporal clause4 f4 ,causal clause4 g4 ,o!rs4 ,%[ t any ( ^! beg9n+s may be us$ 9 ! play+ up ( any "o feature4 #d4 ,/udy h[ a "n may ov]%ad[ an int]e/+ /ory2 det]m9e :5 a "n is wor? fir/ place 9 a lead4 ,/udy ! practice ( repres5tative pap]s 9 ?is--d n hesitate to %[ h[ a pap] has be5 illogical 9 beg9n+ c]ta9 /ories ) an unkn[n "n1 = ev]y?+ "o sees 9 a newspap] is n ipso facto good usage 9 newspap] writ+4 #e4 ,9 /ud5ts' /ories1 notice :at ! pr9cipal v]b says & po9t out any misplac$ emphasis4 #f4 ,wage w> on 0 ! unusual exp]i5ce ( & 0 ! fate ( 9 leads4 #g4 ,try to avoid broke out 9 fire leads4 ,devote ! space to m int]e/+ action4 #h4 ,cut out all useless words 9 /ud5ts' ex]cises2 /rive = brevity4 ,g ?r\gh a /ud5t's /ory & weigh ! value ( ea* ^w1 phrase1 & s5t5ce2 cut out ! useless ones or try to express !m m briefly4 ,d ! same to actual newspap] /ories4 #i4 ,weigh ! value ( e detail introduc$ into a lead & cut out ! unnecess>y ones2 relegate !m to ! re/ ( ! /ory4 #aj4 ,wage w> on all mean+less g5]alities2 dem& exactness4 #aa4 ,ref] ! class to ! ,/yle ,book 9 ?is volume & require !m to foll[ a uni=m /yle4 ,po9t out ! diff]5ces 9 /yle ( v>i\s pap]s4 #ab4 ,see if ! bodies ( /ud5ts' /ories mean any?+ )\t ! pres5ce ( ! leads4 ,require ! body ( ! /ory to be sep>ate & complete 9 itself4 ,?is ne$ n1 ( c\rse1 be c>ri$ to ! po9t ( repeat+ addresses giv5 9 ! lead4 #ac4 ,try writ+ a /ory by simply elaborat+ & expla9+ ! details m5tion$ 9 ! lead ( ! /ory4 ,det]m9e :at facts mu/ be add$4 #ad4 ,see if any /ory c /& ! loss ( its la/ p>agraph4 ,det]m9e h[ _m p>agraphs x c lose )\t sacrific+ its int]e/4 #ae4 ,9 writ+ ! body ( a fire /ory1 li/ ! facts t are to be told1 9 _! logical ord]2 ?us3 orig91 discov]y1 spread1 dea? ( firem51 escapes1 injuries1 rescues1 explosion1 ext+ui%+ ( fire4 ,numb] !m 9 ! ord] ( _! importance4 ,try to build a /ory out ( ^! by foll[+ ! logical ord] & at ! same "t cr[d+ ! mo/ int]e/+ facts to ! beg9n+4 #af4 ,practice gett+ ! facts ( a /ory by means ( int]views4 ,! in/ructor may h ! /ud5ts det]m9e :at p]sons !y wi% to int]view = ! facts & ! in/ructor may imp]sonate ^! p]sons 9 turn4 ,! class may !n write ! /ory f ! facts ga9$ 9 ?is way )\t ref]5ce to ! int]views4 ,?is is = select+ & arrang+ facts 9 _! logical ord]4 #ag4 ,practice ! use ( dialogue 9 /ories4 ,judge its effectiv5ess & %[ t 9 mo/ cases x is well to avoid dialogue4 #ah4 ,practice rewrit+ long /ories into %ort press dispat*es ( #aej words or less1 consid]+ ! diff]5t news value4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,eigh? ,,*apt] #a4 ,collect clipp+s ( o!r k9ds ( news /ories4 #b4 ,9 writ+ ^! o!r /ories use ! fire /ory z a model2 ! facts may be pres5t$ z !y 7 9 ! fire /ory4 #c4 ,/udy ! possible features 9 accid5t /ories2 write accid5t /ories ) v>i\s features2 make li/s ( dead & injur$4 #d4 ,/udy & write robb]y /ories ) v>i\s features2 di/+ui% betwe5 ! v>i\s names appli$ to robb]y & to ! p :o rob4 #e4 ,/udy & write murd] & suicide /ories ) v>i\s features1 /riv+ 9 ea* case to give ! facts )\t %ock+ ! read]4 ,%[ h[ ! featureless murd] or suicide /ory is v mu* l a featureless fire /ory4 #f4 ,/udy & write riot1 /orm1 flood1 & o!r big /ories4 #g4 ,9 ! /udy ( police c\rt news h ! class g to ! local police c\rts & report actual cases4 #h4 ,s5d ! /ud5ts to report meet+s4 ,report conf]5ces1 decisions1 etc4 ,insi/ t ! /ory beg9 ) ! gi/ ( ! report 9 ea* case & nev] ) explanations4 #i4 ,write /ories on bullet9s1 catalogues1 city directories1 etc4 ,/udy !m ) ref]5ce to _! timel9ess & try to discov] :at 9 !m has ! mo/ news value4 ,require ! /ud5t to beg9 ) ?is elem5t ( news value & to give ! s\rce 7! "n & date ( ! bullet91 etc47 9 ! lead4 #aj4 ,look ov] ! daily pap]s & pick out news /ories :i* bury ! gi/ ( _! news & h ! /ud5ts rewrite ! leads to play up ! real news or to give great] emphasis to buri$ features4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,n9? ,,*apt] #a4 ,collect good examples ( ! foll[-up & ! rewrite /ory2 foll[ "o important /ory ?r\gh sev]al days' editions to see h[ x is rewritt5 day by day4 ,exam9e an aft]noon pap]'s v]sion ( a /ory cov]$ 9 a morn+ pap]4 #b4 ,take any news /ory & "w out ! foll[-up possibilities2 imag9e :at ! next /ep 9 ! /ory w be4 #c4 ,on ?is basis1 write foll[-up /ories & rewrite /ories4 #d4 ,write a foll[-up /ory :i*1 :ile beg9n+ ) a new feature1 retells ! orig9al /ory4 #e4 ,/udy & write foll[-up /ories involv+ fires1 accid5ts1 robb]ies1 murd]s1 suicides1 /orms 7pres5t condition71 etc4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,t5? ,,*apt] #a4 ,collect good examples ( spee* reports4 #b4 ,take notes on oral spee*es & write reports ( v>y+ l5g?s4 ,practice tak+ notes 9 ! prop] way & write ! report at once--p]haps z an impromptu 9 class4 ,! in/ructor may s5d 8 /ud5ts to public lectures or read repres5tative spee*es to !m 9 class4 #c4 ,write reports ( spee*es f pr9t$ copies ( ! spee*2 t is1 edit !m 9 cond5s$ =m4 #d4 ,take "o lead & exp]im5t ) diff]5t beg9n+s1 play+ up ! same idea 9 ea* case4 #e4 ,discuss spee*es to det]m9e ! newsie/ & timelie/ ?+ 9 ! spee*--! /atem5t to be play$ up 9 ! lead4 #f4 ,9 ! body ( ! report try to use z mu* direct quotation z possible1 use complete s5t5ce quotations1 d n mix quotation & summ>y 9 ! same p>agraph or s5t5ce4 ,/udy ! rules reg>d+ ! use ( quotation m>ks4 #g4 ,h ! /ud5ts write runn+ reports ( spee*es--t is1 h !m write _! report z !y li/5 to ! spee* & submit _! report 9 ?is =m4 ,naturally ! lead mu/ be writt5 lat]4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,elev5? ,,*apt] #a4 ,collect repres5tative int]view /ories4 #b4 ,h /ud5ts int]view v>i\s p )\t ! aid ( a note book2 h !m br+ back quot$ /atem5ts by ! use ( _! memory4 ,h !m int]view "s "o :o w criticize _! mann] & me?od4 #c4 ,h a def9ite reason or timel9ess = e int]view--h ! /ud5t map out a def9ite campaign be=eh&4 ,try writ+ out ! que/ions be=eh& 9 %ape to fill 9 ! answ]s4 #d4 ,write int]view /ories f ! results ( ^! attempts4 #e4 ,beg9 ! same int]view /ory 9 v>i\s ways4 #f4 ,write an int]view /ory 9 :i* ! feature is a d5ial or a refusal to speak2 tell :at %\ld h be5 said & :at ! d5ial or refusal signifies4 #g4 ,/udy ! =m ( ! body ( ! report 7see ,spee* ,reports74 #h4 ,write /ories :i* are ! result ( sev]al int]views on ! same subject2 arrange !m in=mally & =mally4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,twelf? ,,*apt] #a4 ,collect examples ( good c\rt reports4 #b4 ,att5d & report actual cases 9 ! local c\rts 7pref]ably civil c\rts74 #c4 ,det]m9e :at is ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+ 9 ea*4 #d4 ,f ?is1 write c\rt reports--reports ( ! cases :i* ! /ud5ts h he>d4 #e4 ,exp]im5t ) ! v>i\s beg9n+s = ! same report4 #f4 ,try summ>iz+ a case 9 "o p>agraph4 #g4 ,practice gett+ d[n te/imony v]batim4 #h4 ,practice summ>iz+ te/imony 9 indirect =m4 #i4 ,practice writ+ out ! te/imony 9 full 9 ! v>i\s ways4 #aj4 ,write te/imony ) action 9 x = ! sake ( human int]e/4 #aa4 ,%[ h[ all ( ^! may be comb9$ into "o good c\rt report4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,?irte5? ,,*apt] #a4 ,notice h[ v>i\s newspap]s treat social news2 /udy ! reason 9 ea* case2 collect examples4 #b4 ,li/ ! facts ( a w$d+ /ory2 write %ort & long w$d+ /ories4 #c4 ,write w$d+ ann\ncem5ts1 beg9n+ 9 v>i\s ways4 #d4 ,write engagem5t ann\ncem5ts4 #e4 ,write up receptions1 banquets1 d9n]s1 etc42 report actual functions4 #f4 ,write ann\ncem5ts = ! same functions4 #g4 ,write up "s unusual social /ory z a news /ory4 #h4 ,practice writ+ obitu>ies & simple dea? /ories ) accompany+ obitu>y4 ,write sket*es ( ! lives ( prom95t p4 #i4 ,9 ^! ex]cises use actual ev5ts z subjects4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,f\rte5? ,,*apt] #a4 ,/udy sport+ /ories = _! mat]ial & me?od4 #b4 ,report a football game or "s o!r sport+ ev5t4 #c4 ,make a runn+ acc\nt ( a football or baseball game4 #d4 ,write a brief summ>y ( ! game to be s5t out z a dispat*1 limit+ x to #aej words4 #e4 ,write up ! same game 9 #bjj-cjj words2 atta* a cond5s$ runn+ acc\nt ( ! same l5g?4 #f4 ,write a long /ory ( ! same game1 foll[+ ! outl9e giv5 9 ! text2 atta* a detail$ runn+ acc\nt by p]iods or inn+s2 compile tables ( play]s & results = ! end4 #g4 ,! /udy ( sport+ news may be tak5 out ( its logical place & /udi$ dur+ ! baseball or football season4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,*apt] #a4 ,collect human int]e/ & newspap] feature /ories4 #b4 ,wat* = mat]ial = human int]e/ /ories2 look at ! facts 9 y\r o!r news /ories 9 a sympa!tic way & see h[ !y c\ld be made into human int]e/ /ories4 #c4 ,write human int]e/ /ories on facts giv5 by ! in/ructor & on facts discov]$ by ! /ud5ts4 #d4 ,write animal /ories1 & witty comm5ts on ! wea!r4 #e4 ,write up "s timely local subject z a #aejj-^w feature /ory4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,sixte5? ,,*apt] #a4 ,ga!r good !atrical reports & wat* = ^? 9 :i* ! :ole report is writt5 ar\nd a s+le idea4 #b4 ,at ! !at] wat* = ?+s to comm5t on2 try to br+ away "o def9ite idea ab\t ! play--) illu/rations4 #c4 ,write dramatic criticisms t are ! embodim5t ( a s+le idea or criticism on ! play4 #d4 ,try to po9t out ! bad ?+s 9 a play )\t be+ bitt] or p]sonal4 #e4 ,write a half-column ( copy on a vaudeville %[1 suppos+ t ! copy is paid = & mu/ praise1 n only ! %[ z a :ole1 b ea* individual act4 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,*apt] #a4 ,notice ! =m & punctuation ( ! date l9e3 ,,madison1 ,wis41 ,feb4 #bi4-- #b4 ,notice ! writ+ ( /reet addresses3 #bcd ,gr& av5ue1 #dafg ,tw5ty-six? /reet2 #cheg #ach? /reet2 7)\t at74 #c4 ,notice 9 ! use ( figures--sums ( money1 h\rs ( day1 ages1 figures at ! beg9n+ ( s5t5ce4 #d4 ,notice use ( titles2 use ( ,mr4 be=e a man's "n--always give a man's initials or fir/ "n ! fir/ "t y m5tion x 9 any /ory4 ,,app5dix ,,ii ,,news ,,/ories ,,to ,,be ,,correct$ 7,! foll[+ /ories h be5 prep>$ to illu/rate "s ( ! mo/ usual mi/akes 9 newspap] writ+4 ,!y may be rewritt5 or us$ z ex]cises 9 copy-read+4 ,z a class ex]cise1 ! /ud5t may revise & correct ^! /ories )\t recopy+1 j z a copy-read] revises poorly writt5 copy47 ,i ,%ortly aft] #b3cj ?is morn+ fire broke out 9 a pile ( old pap]s 9 ! basem5t ( ! ,h>mony ,flat build+1 at #acef ,congress av5ue1 a f\r-/ory eight-ap>tm5t /ructure4 ,two firem5 7 kill$ by a fall+ wall4 ,! fire _h a good />t be=e ! janitor1 ,mi*ael ,jones1 :o sleeps 9 ! basem5t1 awoke4 ,he turn$ 9 an al>m & ran ?r\gh ! halls awak5+ ! occupants4 ,! p on ! two l[] floors escap$ 9 _! night clo?+ by ! /airways1 b ! fire spread v rap- idly1 ! occupants ( ! upp] floors be- + =c$ to flee d[n ! fire escapes 9 ! re>4 ,:5 ! firem5 put 9 an appe>ance1 ,mrs4 ,jeanette ,huyl] appe>$ at a ?ird /ory w9d[ & call$ = help4 ,an ex- t5sion ladd] be+ hoi/$1 %e 0 res- cu$ )\t difficulty4 ,dur+ ! fire ! wall on ! ea/ side fell & kill$ ,fireman ,john ,casey & ,jacob ,hughes2 ,fireman ,williams ,jacobs 0 hit on ! head by a brick & s]i\sly injur$4 ,! fire 0 ext+ui%$ be=e x spread to an adjo9+ ?ree-/ory flat build+ on ! we/4 ,! firem5 9 se>*+ ! ru9s f\nd ! body ( a man :o 0 lat] id5tifi$ z ,rup]t ,smi!rs2 he 0 #gj & occupi$ a l[] flat by himself4 ,! janitor said t he 0 deaf & prob- ably did n he> ! w>n+4 ,! ?ree dead & injur$ firem5 belong to ,hose ,co4 ,no4 #bd4 ,loss #ej1jjj1 fully insur$4 ---------- ,,ii ,! police h arre/$ ,john ,johnson1 #bc ye>s old1 #bcfg ,six? ,/reet1 *>g$ ) murd]+ ,mrs4 ,laura ,buck?orn1 ! well-kn[n proprietor ( ! ,du*ess ,re/aurant1 #dch ,high /reet4 ,he is n[ 9 ! c\nty jail4 ,mrs4 ,buck?orn 0 sixty ye>s old & ! wid[ ( "o ( ! olde/ settl]s 9 ! city4 ,%e liv$ 9 h] small cottage at #bcfg ,six? ,/reet & support$ h]self by means ( ! re/aurant4 ,john ,johnson1 a /reet c> motorman occupi$ a room 9 h] cottage4 ,mrs4 ,buck?orn 0 f\nd dead 9 h] b$1 9 a pool ( blood1 ) two bullet holes 9 h] head ?is morn+4 ,mrs4 ,grady1 ! re/aurant cook said1 ,i became al>m$ :5 ,mrs4 ,buck?orn did n appe> z usual at ! re/aurant ?is morn+ & w5t to h] home to f9d h]4 ,inquiry %[$ t ,mrs4 ,buck?orn _h drawn #bej f ! ,fir/ ,national ,bank ye/]day & h] daught]1 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,d4 ,jackson1 #aedh ,six? ,/reet1 says t h] "m (t5 kept su* sums ( money at home "u ! mattress ( h] b$4 ,mrs4 ,jackson also says t %e (t5 w>n$ h] "m aga9/ su* habits4 ,! money 0 n "u ! mattress ?is morn+4 ,fur!r inquiry %[$ t ,john ,johnson did n appe> = "w z usual ?is morn+ & 0 lat] f\nd by ,police- man ,patrick ,o',h>a 9 ! railroad y>ds4 ,he _h ) him #bbc4fg & a ticket to ,new ,york4 ,he 0 kn[n to be h>d up b refus$ to acc\nt = ! money & 0 giv5 a b]? 9 ! c\nty jail4 ,samuel ,b5son1 ca%i] ( ! ,fir/ ,na- tional1 is sure t ! two #ajj-;doll> bills :i* 7 f\nd on ,johnson are ! same bills t he gave to ,mrs4 ,buck?orn ye/]day aft]noon4 ,johnson w be giv5 a he>+ to-morr[ b x is al- ready consid]$ c]ta9 t he is ! guilty p>ty1 ! evid5ce be+ s /rong4 7,?is /ory may be rewritt5 = local use & = a dispat*47 ---------- ,,iii ,sp>ks1 result+ f ! gr\nd+ ( an electric wire1 ignit$ a bucket ( gas- ol5e & fir$ ! %op ( ! ,g4 ,w4 ,smi? ,motor ,co41 at #bbh1 #bcb ,we/ /reet la/ night1 five automobiles valu$ at #e1hjj be+ de/roy$ & ! build+ be+ damag$ to ! ext5t ( #f1bjj dol- l>s by fire4 ,! insulation on ! wires ( an ext5- sion light t ,edw>d ,flas*1 "o ( ! repair m5 0 us+ became crack$1 ! wire gr\nd+ z a result4 ,! sp>ks fell into a bucket ( gasol5e /&+ ne>by & 9 a few m9utes ! entire build+ 0 ablaze4 ,g4 ,w4 ,smi?1 pro- prietor ( ! g>age1 said t he 0 sit- t+ 9 8 (fice at ! "t ( ! explo- sion & tri$ to put ! fire out ) s& b c\ld n get ! blaze "u any con- trol4 ,he !n />t$ to run out z _m ma*9es z possible4 ,six c>s1 valu$ at #i1jjj 7 sav$4 ---------- ,,iv ,madison1 ,septemb] #be?1 #aiab2 ,) a l\d deaf5+ ro> t viol5tly ar\s$ hundr$s f _! b$s ( slum- b] ! mon/] gas hold] occuppy+ ! s\?we/ corn] ( ,s\? ,bl\nt & ,ma9 ,/reets at ! gasplant ( ! ,madi- son ,gas & ,electric ,company collaps$ v sudd5ly at #f3s,o a4 m4 ?is morn+1 & n[ lies p>tly subm]g$ 9 wat]1 a total wreck4 ,! damage w be fully #be1jjj doll>s1 b !re w be no int]- ruption to ! s]vice ! company's excel- l5t res]ve equippm5t be+ imm$iately br\ght into action = ! em]g5cy4 ,! cause ( ! explosion 0 at fir/ clo!d 9 deep my/]y be=e ! (ficials ( ! company _h "t to make any 9- ve/igation4 ,h[ev] x 0 def9itely asc]ta9$ dur+ ! morn+ :5 ,mr4 ,john ,w4 ,jackson1 ! secret>y & treasur] ( ! company1 be+ int]view$ by a ,daily ,news correspond5t ?is morn+1 /at$ t ! imm5se quantities ( sn[ on ! ro( ( ! hold] 0 prim>ily re- sponsible4 ,! weight ( ! sn[ on "o side ( ! hold] caus+ x to drop d[n broke ! :eel & pu%$ ! hold] (f ! f\ndation on :i* x 0 /&+4 ,!re 0 a mom5t>y blaze b :5 ! tank settl$ d[n into ! res]voir bel[ ! fire w5t out & ! awful p]il f ?is highly dang]\s s\rce 0 =tunately av]t$4 ,z x 0 doz5s ( w9d[s at ! plan+ mill on ! opposite side ( ! /reet 7 all left intact4 ,9 fact no dam- age :atsoev] outside ( ! hold] re- sult$ f ! un=tunate accid5t4 ,two workm51 ,jacob ,casey & ,nelson ,jones1 7 un=tunately caught b5ea? ! wreckage & _! bodies 7 remov$ lat] 9 ! morn+ by ! fire dep>tm5t4 ,! tank 0 full :5 x collaps$ & t x did n scatt] de- /ruction & take m innoc5t lives 0 "o ( ! =tunate features ( ! accid5t & a great cause = congratula- tion among ! (ficials ( ! company today4 7,?is /ory illu/rates1 among o!r ?+s1 excessive word9ess47 ---------- ,v ,aft] be+ *as$ by a "y woman = sev]al blocks1 a man :o gave 8 "n z ,john ,web]1 0 pursu$ ?r\gh a saloon at #aa-ig? /reet by ,policeman ,ar?ur ,br[n & captur$ on ! ro( ( a build+ adjo9+ ! saloon1 :]e ! man _h hidd5 beh9d a *imney4 ,web] 0 arre/$ by ! policeman & is held on a *>ge pref]r$ by ,*>les ,"y1 a groc] at #bade ,six? av5ue1 ( attempt- + to rob ,"y's groc]y /ore4 ,accord+ to ,"y1 j be=e he clos$ 8 /ore = ! night la/ ev5+1 a "y man ent]$ ! /ore & ask$ = a p\nd ( butt]4 ,i ?\ght1 said ,"y1 t ! man 0 j m>ri$ & might be a possible new cu/om]4 ,i />t$ = ! back ( ! /ore to op5 a new tub b j z ,i turn$ to g1 he hit me ov] ! head ) 8 cane4 ,! bl[ daz$ me b ,i /ill _h s5se en\gh to grab him by ! coll>4 ,9 ! fight we bo? fell ?r\gh ! glass door at ! front ( ! /ore & ! d--n rascal got away4 ,a "y woman1 :o 0 pass- + ! /ore1 see+ ! fracas1 scream$ & />t$ to run aft] ! "y man4 ,%e foll[$ him until he ran into a sa- loon4 ,!n %e ran up to ,policeman ,br[n1 :o 0 /&+ at ! corn] ( #ig? /4 & ,six?-av & told him t a robb] _h gone into ! saloon4 ,! po- liceman ran into ! saloon1 b f\nd ! man _h left by ! back /airs4 ,! po- liceman foll[$ up two flights ( /airs lead+ to ! ro(1 on ! run1 :]e he f\nd ,web] hid+ beh9d a *imney4 ,web] refus$ to give 8 address4 ,aft] wat*+ until %e saw ! robb] tak5 away 9 ! paddy-wagon1 ! d\ghty "y woman disappe>$4 ,h] "n is unkn[n4 ---------- ,,vi ,a burgl> dress$ 9 a ,salvation ,army uni=m 0 arre/$ = attempt+ to burgl>ize ,walt] ,:ite's home1 #af ,we/ #fbnd /4 at ab\t two o'clock la/ night4 ,he gave 8 "n z ,julius ,woll & 8 address z #abi #bcrd ave4 ,! c>etak] at ,walt] ,:ite's said he 0 awak5$ at #a o'clock by ! noise ( bureau draw]s op5+ & he at once phon$ to ! /ation4 ,an (fic] came & f\nd ! w\ld-be burgl> "u ! b$4 ,aft] consid]able scuffl+ ! man 0 arre/$ & tak5 to ! /ation4 ,! ,salvation ,army d5i$ any connec- tion ) ! prison] b ! l&lady at 8 address said he _h two uni=ms & always wore "o4 ,he also c>ri$ a pray] book "u 8 arm :5ev] he left 8 room4 ,%e also said t he _h resid$ 9 h] h\se = six weeks & ow$ f\r weeks bo>d2 also t he _h n be5 !re = two weeks4 ,inquiry prov$ t he 0 out regul>ly until ?ree or f\r 9 ! morn+4 ---------- ,,vii ,! w$d+ ( ,mr4 ,james ,h5ry1 #adfc ,sev5? ,/reet1 & ,miss ,s>ah ,jones1 la/ night at ! home ( ! bride's p>5ts1 at #caf ,nor? ,johnson ,/reet1 0 a brilliant success4 ,fifty gue/s 7 pres5t & ! pres- ents :i* !y br\ght all b fill$ ! p>lor4 ,aft] ! c]emony a sev5- c\rse banquet 0 s]v$ until #aa3cj o'clock4 ,miss ,sadie ,jones r5d]$ ,! ,ros>y to ! accompanim5t ( ,mr4 ,john ,field4 ,! bride wore a g[n ( p9k taffeta & c>ri$ sweet peas4 ,! bridesmaid1 ,lily ,sw5k1 0 dress$ 9 :ite musl94 ,! groom & be/ man1 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,h[les1 wore conv5tional black4 ,rev4 ,/one ( ! ,fir/ ,m4 ,e4 *ur* (ficiat$4 ,! groom is a promis+ "y law- y] ( ?is city4 ,8 bride is "o ( ! city's lead+ "y society woman1 be+ deeply int]e/$ 9 ! ,womans' ,suf- frage ,league4 ,!re m>riage is ! re- sult ( a love affair begun at ! univ]- sity & is ! cause ( he>t-felt congrat- ulations f _! fri5ds4 ,aft] a trip to ! ,coa/1 ! happy c\ple w reside 9 ?is city4 ---------- ,,viii ,:at we ne$ 9 our univ]sities are sportsm5 & n sports1 said ,presid5t ,g4 ,e4 ,gilb]t ( ! ,we/]n ,univ]sity1 9 ! convocation address ye/]day aft- ernoon at f\r o'clock4 ,! sportsman plays = ! game1 b ! sport plays = ! victory4 ,! ,presid5t cont9u$1 ,be=e ! battle1 & dur+ ! battle1 ! sportsman c be told f ! sport4 ,x is ! actions ( ! man1 he said1 :5 he is 9 ! te/ t det]m9e to :i* class he belongs4 ,! ,presid5t summ>iz$ ! v>i\s college activities & %[$ h[ ! two classes ( m5 appe> 9 ea* diff]5t activity4 ,& 9 ea*1 z ! ,presid5t said1 y c tell ! sportsman f ! sport4 ,i ?9k t ?is1 ! relation betwe5 ! sportsman & ! sport1 is ! true/ analogy t c be appli$ to human life4 ,life z a sea1 life z a battle1 life z a riv] 9 :i* y mu/ always paddle y\r own canoe up/ream1 life z a hill-climb+ conte/--all ^! analogies h _! weaknesses4 ,b life z a game is a true analogy4 ,! ,presid5t conclud$ ) a gl[+ tribute to our univ]sity4 ---------- ,,ix ,,faulty ,,leads ,evad+ ! police by slid+ d[n a rope fire escape f a hotel w9d[1 ,jo- seph ,matus1 *>g$ ) robb+ a lum- b] jack ( #abe1 escap$ ! police temporily only to be arre/$ an h\r lat] at ! ,*icago1 ,milwaukee & ,/4 ,paul depot4 ---------- ,ignit$ by ! break+ ( an electric lamp1 a tank ( :iskey conta9+ #g1gje gallons explod$ & ?rew ,francis ,tab1 #abj ,w4 #aci? ,/41 ?irty feet aga9/ ! opposite wall at ! ,e4 ,j4 ,jimkons ,com- pany1 #dj? /reet ?is morn+4 ---------- ,fire ( unkn[n orig9 />t$ 9 ! big lumb] y>ds own$ by ,*>les ,john- son at #gfc ,cl9ton ,av5ue1 ye/]day aft- ernoon4 ,! y>ds & "o million feet ( lumb] 7 totally de/roy$4 ,! entire di/rict betwe5 ,mit*ell /reet & ! ,s\? ,riv] 0 9 dang] ( total de/ruction1 accord+ to fire ,*ief ,casey4 ---------- ,fire />t+ 9 a %$ on ,we/ /reet caus$ ! total de/ruction ( ! ,fir/ ,bapti/ *ur* & ! dea? ( two fire- m5 kill$ by fall+ walls4 ,loss #abj1- #jjj4 ---------- ,trade w> is ! only probable result ( ! abrogation ( ! ,russian treaty1 0 ! /atem5t ( ! ,hon4 ,frank ,j4 ,blank1 secret>y ( ,/ate1 be=e a l>ge & en?usia/ic audi5ce at ! op]a h\se la/ ev5+4 #ahjj p pack$ ! build+ to ov]fl[+4 ---------- ,john ,jones1 a workman1 :o 0 slightly injur$ :5 a ?\s& p\nds ( p[d] explod$ & wreck$ ! ,?ree-,ex ,p[d] mill la/ night1 0 tak5 to ! ,/4 ,james hospital4 ---------- ,! pres5ce ( m9d & coolness ( ,mrs4 ,j4 ,b4 ,swe5y1 #geh ,nor? ,/reet1 sav$ little ,johnny ,swe5y f dea? la/ night :5 %e caught him by ! coattail & dragg$ him f b5ea? ! f5d] ( a /reet c>4 ,mrs4 ,swe5y 0 dragg$ #ej feet by ! c> & tak5 to ! ,/4 ,luke's hospital 9 an ambulance t 0 ha/ily summon$4 ---------- ,fall+ ?r\gh a /reet c> w9d[ )\t receiv+ s mu* z a bruise 0 ! unusual exp]i5ce ( ,mi*ael ,casey la/ night on ,ma9 ,/reet4 ,mi*ael 0 n intoxicat$--s he says4 ---------- ,recklessly driv+ 8 automobile ov] ! curb on ,smi? /reet1 ,mr4 ,james ,:ite1 :o resides at #gfd ,smi? /reet1 0 fatally hurt by a c>eless *auffeur1 :o 0 unable to h&le 8 ma*9e & skidd$ at ! corn] ne> ,mr4 ,:ite's home4 ---------- ,at a meet+ ( ! ,sane ,f\r? com- mittee 9 ! city libr>y la/ ev5+ at sev5 ?irty1 x 0 decid$ t ,smi?- t[n mu/ pass a law =bidd+ ! sale & use ( cannon crack]s4 ,,index ,a ,abbreviations1 #bhg4 ,accid5ts1 #c1 #ajg-aji1 #bia4 ,accuracy1 #ade1 #afh1 #bji1 #bab1 #bij4 ,addresses1 /yle (1 #bgh1 #bgi1 #bhf1 #bhh1 #bij1 #caj4 ,adv]tis+1 #bh4 ,ages1 h[ writt51 #bhf4 ,animal /ory1 #bec4 ,ann\ncem5ts1 ( engagem5ts1 #baj2 social1 #bab2 /ories on1 #aba2 w$d+1 #bji4 ,article beg9n+1 #dc1 #hj4 ,assignm5ts1 #e1 #bi4 ,associat$ ,press1 #aj4 ,association1 ,city ,press1 #aj1 #aic4 ,a?letic news1 #bai-bcb1 #bgh1 #bhc4 ,b ,baseball /ories1 #bai4 ,beat1 or run1 #e1 #bi4 ,beat1 or scoop1 #f1 #cj4 ,beg9n+ ( lead1 #hj1 #hi2 ) article1 #dc1 #hj2 ) "n1 #eg1 #he1 #afa1 #age1 #ahj1 #aie1 #bdi2 ) "t1 #dg4 ,beg9n+s ( c\rt reports1 #aie-bjj2 ( human int]e/ /ories1 #bdd-bej2 ( int]view /ories1 #agi-ahg2 ( spee* reports1 #aea-afd4 ,big /ory1 #e1 #ca2 foll[+-up (1 #adj2 h&l+ (1 #aaf2 result+ int]views f1 #agf1 #ahg4 ,bills1 /ories on legislative1 #aba4 ,body ( ! /ory1 #de1 #gf2 discussion (1 #ia2 ( c\rt reports1 #bjj2 ( foll[ /ories1 #abi2 ( human int]e/ /ories1 #bej2 ( int]view /ories1 #ahe2 ( news /ories1 #abb2 ( obitu>ies1 #baf2 ( spee* reports1 #afd4 ,book1 ( tips1 #c1 #bie2 /yle1 #cc1 #bgf-bic4 ,box1 #cb1 #ahh4 ,break1 to1 #ca4 ,brevity1 #ac1 #bjf1 #bag1 #bca4 ,brief summ>y a?letic /ory1 #bbb4 ,bullet9s1 /ories on1 #aba4 ,bus9ess (fice1 #bh4 ,c ,capitalization1 #bgf-bha4 ,circulation1 #ae1 #bh4 ,city editor1 #b1 #bi4 ,city ,press ,association1 #aj1 #aic4 ,classes ( read]s1 #af4 ,clause beg9n+ ( lead1 #hb4 ,clean copy1 #cj4 ,cle>ness1 #ia1 #ajd1 #abc4 ,clipp+s1 #bie4 ,coh]5ce1 #aff1 #bff4 ,column1 #cb4 ,compositor1 #cj4 ,comp\nds & divisions ( words1 #bhe4 ,concret5ess1 #ajd1 #bic4 ,conf]5ces1 reports (1 #aai4 ,cont9u$ case beg9n+1 #aif4 ,cop]ation 9 newsga!r+1 #aj1 #aic4 ,copy1 #cj2 prep>ation (1 #bhi4 ,copyread]1 #bi4 ,copyread+1 #caa4 ,correct$1 /ories to be1 #caa4 ,correspond5t1 "w (1 #b2 in/ructions to1 #aa1 #bbc4 ,c\rt report+1 #d2 discussion (1 #aib-bjc1 #bha4 ,cov]1 to1 #bi4 ,crime1 /ories on1 #aaj-aaf4 ,criticism1 dramatic1 #bei-bge4 ,cr[d1 us$ z feature1 #fh4 ,cub report]1 #bh4 ,cynicism1 #bce1 #beb4 ,d ,datel9es1 #bhc1 #caj4 ,dates1 h[ writt51 #bgh1 #bhf1 #bij4 ,day city editor1 #bi4 ,dead1 li/s (1 #fc4 ,dea? elem5t1 #c1 #bb1 #fa1 #gc1 #ajg4 ,decisions1 reports (1 #aai4 ,def9it5ess1 #ajd4 ,desk man1 #bi4 ,despat*1 #ab1 #bbb4 ,dialogue1 use (1 #ajc2 9 c\rt reports1 #bjj2 9 human int]e/ /ories1 #bde1 #bea2 rules =1 #bhc4 ,dictation ( /ories1 #bih4 ,diction1 #bij-bic4 ,directories1 /ories on1 #aba4 ,di/ance1 effect (1 #aa1 #bj4 ,division ( words1 #bhe4 ,don'ts1 9 dramatic report+1 #bfe2 9 g5]al1 #bij2 9 leads1 #he-ij4 ,d[n /yle1 #cc4 ,dramatic report+1 #bei-bge4 ,e ,edit+1 #cj1 #add4 ,editor1 #bi2 day or night city1 #b1 #bi2 sport+1 #bi1 #bai2 /ate1 #b2 ,sunday1 #bi2 telegraph1 #b1 #bi4 ,editorial room1 #bh4 ,editorial writ]s1 #bi4 ,elections1 #c1 #bgg1 #bha1 #bhh4 ,emphasis1 #ajb4 ,engagem5t ann\ncem5ts1 #baj4 ,ent]ta9m5ts1 reports (1 #baj4 ,exagg]ation1 #bb1 #hi4 ,expect$ news1 #c4 ,f ,faults 9 news /ories1 #ge-ajd4 ,faulty /ories to be correct$1 #caa4 ,feature1 !1 #bg1 #ca1 #cg1 #da1 #ej1 #ajf-abb1 #abe1 #aej1 #age1 #aie1 #bbh1 #bdd1 #bff2 cr[d z1 #fh2 dea? z1 #fa1 #gc2 exagg]ation =1 #hi2 fire fight+ z1 #fg2 h[1 #eg2 9 accid5t /ories1 #ajg2 9 football /ories1 #bai-bcb2 9 human int]e/ /ories1 #bcc-bee2 9 murd] /ories1 #aad2 9 police /ories1 #aah2 9 robb]y /ories1 #aaj2 9 spee* reports1 #aej2 9 suicide /ories1 #aae2 injuries z1 #fe2 m ?an "o1 #gj2 play+ up (1 #bg1 #ca2 prop]ty ?reat5$ z1 #ff2 rescues z1 #fe2 unexpect$ att5dant circum/ances z1 #fj2 :at1 #ee2 :51 #ed2 :]e1 #eb2 :o1 #eg2 :y1 #ea4 ,feature fire /ory1 #ej-gd4 ,feature social /ory1 #bac4 ,feature /ory1 ! special1 #ca1 #bee4 ,featureless fire /ory1 #da-di4 ,figures1 news value (1 #bd2 use (1 #bhc1 #bhf1 #bij4 ,f9e writ+1 #abd1 #bac1 #bah1 #bea4 ,fire /ory1 #ci1 #da1 #ej1 #ge1 #aje1 #abb4 ,fires1 #c1 #d1 #g1 #ci1 #da1 #ej1 #ge1 #aje1 #abb4 ,foll[1 or foll[-up1 /ory1 #cb2 relation (1 to c\rt reports1 #aig2 relation (1 to int]views1 #ahg2 writ+ (1 #abe1 #acj-adj4 ,foll[+ up relat$ subjects1 #adj4 ,football /ories1 #bai-bcb4 ,=m ( ! news /ory1 #cd-dj4 ,freak leads 9 spee* reports1 #afc4 ,g ,ga!r+ ! news1 #a-ac2 9 a?letic report+1 #bcj2 9 c\rt report+1 #aic2 9 human int]e/ /ories1 #bcd2 9 int]view+1 #afi2 9 report+ spee*es1 #add4 ,g5]alities1 mean+less1 #hi4 ,gi/1 #ca1 #cf1 #bcc1 #bdc1 #bff4 ,gramm>1 #gh1 #hd1 #abc4 ,gr\p int]views1 #ahg4 ,h ,heads1 headl9es1 #bg1 #cj1 #gh1 #ahh4 ,hospitals1 z news s\rces1 #d4 ,h[1 feature 91 #eg4 ,human int]e/ /ories1 #ag1 #bd1 #cb1 #agh1 #ahe1 #aia1 #aih2 discussion (1 #bcc-bee4 ,humor1 #bd1 #aih1 #bad1 #bda4 ,humor\s /ory1 #bda4 ,i ,inf9itive beg9n+ ( lead1 #ha4 ,injuries1 feature 91 #fe2 li/ (1 #fd4 ,in/ructions to correspond5ts1 #ab4 ,int]e/1 #ad1 #ce1 #ib1 #ajb1 #ajd1 #ada1 #agi1 #aib2 human1 #ag1 #bd1 #cb1 #agh1 #ahe1 #aia1 #aih1 #bcc-bee4 ,int]view /ories1 #age-aia4 ,int]views1 = facts1 #f1 #ajc2 = op9ions1 #f1 #ada1 #afi-aia2 gr\p1 #ahg4 ,k ,keynote beg9n+ ( spee* report1 #aeh4 ,kill+ a /ory1 #cj4 ,l ,lead1 #ca2 beg9n+ (1 #hj1 #hi2 don'ts 91 #he-ij2 9 a?letic /ories1 #bbc1 #bbg2 9 c\rt reports1 #aie-bjj2 9 fire /ories1 #ci1 #db1 #ej1 #gg-ij2 9 foll[ /ories1 #abg-adj2 9 human int]e/ /ories1 #bcc2 9 int]view /ories1 #agi-ahe1 #ahh2 9 obitu>y /ories1 #bad2 9 o!r news /ories1 #ajf2 9 spee* reports1 #adg-afd2 l5g? (1 #ge2 ma9 v]b (1 #hf4 ,lead$1 #cb4 ,l5g?1 ( lead1 #ge2 ( p>agraphs1 #ge2 ( s5t5ces1 #gf4 ,l9e-up ( teams1 #bcb4 ,l9otype1 #cj4 ,li/s ( dead & injur$1 #fc2 ( gue/s1 patronesses1 etc41 #baa1 #bhb2 ( names1 #bhb4 ,local int]e/1 #ba1 #bf4 ,long football /ory1 #bbf4 ,loss ( life1 #bb1 #fa1 #gc2 ( prop]ty1 #bc1 #ee4 ,m ,mail+ /ories1 #ac4 ,ma9 v]b ( lead1 #hf4 ,make-up1 mak+ up1 #ca1 #cg4 ,mann]1 report]'s1 #agb4 ,m>riages1 #bjf4 ,mean+less g5]alities1 #hi4 ,meet+s1 reports (1 #c1 #aai1 #bia4 ,money1 sums (1 #bha1 #bhf1 #bij4 ,morgue1 #d1 #baf4 ,mr41 use (1 #bhg1 #bib1 #caj4 ,murd]s1 #aac4 ,n ,"n beg9n+1 9 c\rt reports1 #aie2 9 human int]e/ /ories1 #bdi2 9 int]view /ories1 #age1 #ahj2 9 news /ories1 #eg1 #he1 #ajh-aaf2 9 spee* reports1 #afa4 ,names1 prom95t1 #bc1 #eg1 #ajh-aaf1 #aej1 #afa1 #agh2 use (1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bhj-bhc4 ,n>rative ord]1 9 a?letic /ories1 #bbg2 9 c\rt reports1 #bjj2 9 human int]e/ /ories1 #bej2 9 int]view /ories1 #ahe2 9 news /ories1 #cd-dj1 #ib-ajb2 9 obitu>ies1 #bae2 9 spee* reports #aff2 9 w$d+ /ories1 #bjg4 ,news1 #ad-bg1 #abe2 ag5cies = ga!r+1 #aj1 #aic2 cop]ation 9 ga!r+1 #aj1 #aic2 expect$ & unexpect$1 #c2 ga!r+ (1 #a-ac1 #add1 #afi1 #aic1 #bcj1 #bcd2 s\rces (1 #d1 #bi2 sport+1 #bai-bcb1 #bgh1 #bhc4 ,new /ory1 #cd-abd4 ,news /ory =m1 #cd-dj4 ,news tips1 #c1 #cj1 #bie4 ,news values1 #aa1 #ad-bg1 #ch1 #da1 #bjd1 #bcc4 ,newspap] t]ms1 #bh-cc4 ,night city editor1 #bi4 ,nose = news1 viii4 ,notebook1 #agj4 ,note tak+1 9 a?letic report+1 #bcj2 9 c\rt report+1 #aid2 9 dramatic report+1 #bfg2 9 int]view+1 #agj2 9 spee* report+1 #add4 ,n\n beg9n+ ( lead1 #hj4 ,o ,obitu>ies1 #bad4 ,ord] ( n>rative 7see ,n>rative ord]74 ,outl9+ ( a /ory1 #ii4 ,p ,p>agraph l5g?1 #ge1 #bij4 ,p>agraph+1 #dh1 #ge1 #aff1 #ahf1 #bij4 ,p>ticipial phrase beg9n+ = lead1 #hc1 #aeh4 ,p>ts ( a news /ory1 #df1 #gf1 #ia4 ,pa!tic /ory1 #bch4 ,pa?os1 #bd1 #aih1 #bch4 ,p]sonal appeal1 #be1 #bdi4 ,p]sonal news1 #bj1 #bjd4 ,photographs1 #ac4 ,play+ up1 #ca2 ( ! feature1 #bg1 #ca4 ,po9t ( view ( newspap]1 #h4 ,police c\rt news1 #d1 #aah4 ,policy1 #bf4 ,political news1 #be4 ,practice1 #bid4 ,prep>ation ( copy1 #bhi4 ,prepositional phrase beg9n+1 #hb4 ,press ,associations1 #aj1 #aic4 ,pr9t$ matt]1 /ories on1 #aba4 ,prom95t names1 #bc1 #eg1 #ajh-aaf1 #aej1 #afa1 #agh4 ,pro(1 #cj4 ,pro(read]'s signs1 #cb1 #bij4 ,prop]ty losses z features1 #bc1 #ee4 ,prop]ty ?reat5$ z feature1 #ff4 ,public records1 #d4 ,pun*1 #ac4 ,punctuation1 #bha4 ,purpose ( newspap]s1 #ad4 ,q ,q4 ,a4 te/imony1 #bja1 #bhc1 #bhh4 ,qu]ies1 #ab4 ,que/ions1 read]'s cu/om>y1 z features1 #ea2 9 fire /ories1 #ch1 #db1 #ej1 #gg2 9 foll[ /ories1 #acb2 9 human int]e/ /ories1 #bcc2 9 int]view /ories1 #agi2 9 obitu>ies1 #bae2 9 o!r news /ories1 #ajf2 9 spee* reports1 #aej4 ,quotation beg9n+s1 direct1 #aea1 #aec1 #ahc1 #aih1 #bde2 indirect1 #aed4 ,quotations1 #ajc1 #adf1 #afd1 #ahf1 #ahi1 #bjj1 #bhd4 ,quot+1 rules =1 #bhd4 ,r ,range ( news s\rces1 #bj4 ,read]s1 classes (1 #af4 ,read]'s cu/om>y que/ions4 ,see ,que/ions4 ,receptions1 #baj1 #bia4 ,reha%+1 #abe-acj4 ,relat$ /ories1 #adj1 #agf1 #ahg4 ,releas+ a /ory1 #ca1 #add4 ,report]1 #b1 #bh1 #agj1 #ahf1 #bai1 #bce1 #beh1 #bei1 #bib4 ,report+ c\rt news1 #aib-bjb1 #bha4 ,reports1 dramatic1 #bei-bge2 ( meet+s1 conf]5ces1 decisions1 etc41 #aai2 ( spee*es1 s]mons1 lectures1 etc41 #adc-afh4 ,rescues z features1 #fe4 ,rewrite man1 #abe4 ,rewrite /ory1 #cb1 #abe-acj4 ,robb]ies1 #aaj1 #bia4 ,runs1 or beats1 #e1 #bi4 ,runn+ a /ory1 #cj4 ,runn+ /ory1 #ca1 #ahi1 #bjj1 #bbc1 #bbg4 ,s ,s>casm1 #bgd4 ,scoop1 or beat1 #f1 #cj4 ,season /ory1 #beg4 ,second day /ory1 #cb1 #abe1 #acj-adj4 ,s5sationalism1 #ah1 #ij1 #bcd4 ,s5t5ce l5g?1 #gf4 ,s]mons1 reports (1 #c1 #adc-afh4 ,set up1 to1 #cj4 ,simple fire /ory1 #dj-di4 ,slang1 #bh1 #bib4 ,sla%1 to1 #cg1 #ib4 ,slug1 #cj4 ,sob squad1 #bcf4 ,social ann\ncem5ts1 #bab4 ,social news1 #bjd-bad4 ,s\rces ( news1 #d1 #bi4 ,speak] beg9n+1 #afa1 #ahj4 ,special feature /ory1 #bee4 ,spee* reports1 #c1 #adc-afh1 #bhd1 #bia4 ,sport+ editor1 #bi1 #bai4 ,sport+ news1 #bai-bcb4 ,/aff1 #bh4 ,/ate editor1 #b4 ,/5ographic reports1 #add1 #aid4 ,/ickful1 #cb4 ,/ories to be correct$1 #caa4 ,/orms1 #c1 #aaf4 ,/ory1 #cj2 baseball1 #bai-bcb2 big1 see ,big /ory2 body (1 see ,body ( ! 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