file which includes the original illustrations4 ,see #beidd-;h4htm or #beidd-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/dirs_/#b_/ e_/i_/d_/beidd_/beidd-;h_/#beidd-;h4htm7 or 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/dirs_/#b_/ e_/i_/d_/beidd_/beidd-;h4zip7 ,transcriber's note3 ,this book contains many characters not displayed by ,,ascii or iso-#hhei-a 7,latin#a7 character sets4 ,in the text file these characters have been denoted by enclosing explanatory text within square brackets4 ,two of the more commonly occurring such characters are the oe-ligature 7denoted by oe or ,,oe7 and a-macron 7denoted by a4 ,some1 but not all1 of the other such characters display properly in the html version4 ,text enclosed between pound signs was in bold face in the original 7bold face74 ,a detailed transcriber's note is at the end of the e-text4 ,,essentials ,,of ,,diseases ,,of ,,the ,,skin ,including the ,syphilodermata ,arranged in the ,form of ,questions and ,answers ,prepared ,especially for ,students of ,medicine by ,,henry ,w4 ,,stelwagon1 ,m4,d41 ,,ph4,d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,get the ,best ,the ,new ,standard ,,dorland',s ,,american ,,illustrated ,,medical ,,dictionary ,for ,students and ,practitioners ,a ,new and ,complete ,dictionary of the terms used in ,medicine1 ,surgery1 ,dentistry1 ,pharmacy1 ,chemistry1 and kindred branches2 together with new and elaborate ,tables of ,arteries1 ,muscles1 ,nerves1 ,veins1 etc42 of ,bacilli1 ,bacteria1 ,micrococci1 etc42 ,eponymic ,tables of ,diseases1 ,operations1 ,signs and ,symptoms1 ,stains1 ,tests1 ,methods of ,treatment1 etc4 ,by ,w4,a4,n4 ,dorland1 ,m4,d41 ,editor of the ,american ,pocket ,medical ,dictionary4 ,large octavo1 nearly #hjj pages1 bound in full flexible leather4 ,price1 #d4ej net2 with thumb index1 #e4jj net4 ,,just ,,issued--,,new 7#d7 ,,revised ,,edition--#bjjj ,,new ,,words ,it contains a maximum amount of matter in a minimum space and at the lowest possible cost4 ,this book contains double the material in the ordinary students' dictionary1 and yet1 by the use of a clear1 condensed type and thin paper of the finest quality1 is only #a-c_/d inches in thickness4 ,it is bound in full flexible leather1 and is just the kind of a book that a man will want to keep on his desk for constant reference4 ,the book makes a special feature of the newer words1 and defines hundreds of important terms not to be found in any other dictionary4 ,it is especially full in the matter of tables1 containing more than a hundred of great practical value1 including new tables of ,tests1 ,stains and ,staining ,methods4 ,a new feature is the inclusion of numerous handsome illustrations1 many of them in colors1 drawn and engraved specially for this book4 ,i must acknowledge my astonishment at seeing how much he has condensed within relatively small space4 ,i find nothing to criticise1 very much to commend1 and was interested in finding some of the new words which are not in other recent dictionaries4--,roswell ,park1 ,professor of ,principles and ,practice of ,surgery and ,clinical ,surgery1 ,university of ,buffalo4 ,dr4 ,dorland's ,dictionary is admirable4 ,it is so well gotten up and of such convenient size4 ,no errors have been found in my use of it4--,howard ,a4 ,kelly1 ,professor of ,gynecology1 ,johns ,hopkins ,university1 ,baltimore4 ,w4 ,b4 ,,saunders ,,company1 #ibe ,walnut ,st41 ,phila4 ,london3 #i1 ,henrietta ,street1 ,covent ,garden ,fifth ,edition1 ,just ,ready ,with ,complete ,vocabulary ,,the ,,american ,,pocket ,,medical ,,dictionary ,,edited ,,by ,w4,a4 ,,newman ,,dorland1 ,a4,m41 ,m4,d41 ,assistant ,demonstrator of ,obstetrics1 ,university of ,pennsylvania4 ,,hundreds ,,of ,,new ,,terms ,bound in ,full ,leather1 ,limp1 with ,gold ,edges4 ,price1 #a4jj net2 with ,patent ,thumb ,index1 #a4be net4 ,the book is an absolutely new one4 ,it is not a revision of any old work1 but it has been written entirely anew and is constructed on lines that experience has shown to be the most practical for a work of this kind4 ,it aims to be complete1 and to that end contains practically all the terms of modern medicine4 ,this makes an unusually large vocabulary4 ,besides the ordinary dictionary terms the book contains a wealth of anatomical and other tables4 ,this matter is of particular value to students for memorizing in preparation for examination4 ,i am struck at once with admiration at the compact size and attractive exterior4 ,i can recommend it to our students without reserve4--,james ,w4 ,holland1 ,m4,d41 of ,jefferson ,medical ,college4 ,this is a handy pocket dictionary1 which is so full and complete that it puts to shame some of the more pretentious volumes4--,journal of the ,american ,medical ,association4 ,we have consulted it for the meaning of many new and rare terms1 and have not met with a disappointment4 ,the definitions are exquisitely clear and concise4 ,we have never found so much information in so small a space4--,dublin ,journal of ,medical ,science4 ,this is a handy little volume that1 upon examination1 seems fairly to fulfil the promise of its title1 and to contain a vast amount of information in a very small space4444 ,it is somewhat surprising that it contains so many of the rarer terms used in medicine4--,bulletin ,johns ,hopkins ,hospital1 ,baltimore4 ,w4 ,b4 ,,saunders ,,company1 #ibe ,walnut ,st41 ,phila4 ,london3 #i1 ,henrietta ,street1 ,covent ,garden 99 99 99 99 99 ,,essentials ,,of ,,diseases ,,of ,,the ,,skin4 ,since the issue of the first volume of the ,saunders ,question-,compends1 ,,over #bij1jjj ,,copies of these unrivalled publications have been sold4 ,this enormous sale is indisputable evidence of the value of these self-helps to students and physicians4 ,saunders' ,question-,compends4 ,no4 #aa4 ,,essentials ,,of ,,diseases ,,of ,,the ,,skin ,including the ,syphilodermata ,arranged in the ,form of ,questions and ,answers ,prepared ,especially for ,students of ,medicine by ,,henry ,w4 ,,stelwagon1 ,m4,d41 ,,ph4,d4 ,professor of ,dermatology in the ,jefferson ,medical ,college1 ,philadelphia2 ,dermatologist to the ,howard and ,philadelphia ,hospitals1 etc4 ,seventh ,edition1 ,thoroughly ,revised ,illustrated ,philadelphia and ,london ,w4 ,b4 ,saunders ,company #aiji ,set up1 electrotyped1 printed1 #ahij4 ,reprinted ,july1 #ahia4 ,revised1 reprinted1 ,june1 #ahid4 ,reprinted ,march1 #ahig4 ,revised1 reprinted1 ,august1 #ahii4 ,reprinted ,september1 #aija1 ,may1 #aijb1 ,september1 #aijc4 ,revised1 reprinted ,january1 #aije4 ,reprinted ,march1 #aijf4 ,revised1 reprinted ,march1 #aiji4 ,printed in ,america ,press of ,w4 ,b4 ,saunders ,company ,philadelphia ,,preface ,,to ,,seventh ,,edition4 ,in the present--seventh--edition the subject matter1 especially as regards the practical part1 has been gone over carefully and the necessary corrections and additions made4 ,nineteen new illustrations have been added1 a few of the old ones being eliminated4 ,it is hoped that the continued demand for this compend means a widening interest in the study of diseases of the skin1 sufficiently keen as to lead to the desire for a still greater knowledge4 ,h4,w4,s4 ,,preface ,,to ,,first ,,edition4 ,much of the present volume is1 in a measure1 the outcome of a thorough revision1 remodelling and simplification of the various articles contributed by the author to ,pepper's ,system of ,medicine1 ,buck's ,reference ,handbook of the ,medical ,sciences1 and ,keating's ,cyclopaedia of the ,diseases of ,children4 ,moreover1 in the endeavor to present the subject as tersely and briefly as compatible with clear understanding1 the several standard treatises on diseases of the skin by ,tilbury ,fox1 ,duhring1 ,hyde1 ,robinson1 ,anderson1 and ,crocker1 have been freely consulted1 that of the last-named author suggesting the pictorial presentation of the ,anatomy of the ,skin4 ,the space allotted to each disease has been based upon relative importance4 ,as to treatment1 the best and approved methods only--those which are founded upon the aggregate experience of dermatologists--are referred to4 ,for general information a statistical table from the ,transactions of the ,american ,dermatological ,association is appended4 ,h4,w4,s4 ,,contents4 ,,page ,,anatomy ,,of ,,the ,,skin #ag ,the ,epidermis #ah ,the ,blood-vessels #ai ,the ,nervous and ,vascular ,papillae #bj ,the ,hair and ,hair-follicle #ba ,,symptomatology #bb ,primary ,lesions #bb ,secondary ,lesions #bc ,distribution and ,configuration #bd ,relative ,frequency #bf ,contagiousness #bg ,rapidity of ,cure #bg ,ointment ,bases #bg ,,class ,i4--,,disorders ,,of ,,the ,,glands #bh ,hyperidrosis #bh ,sudamen #cj ,hydrocystoma #ca ,anidrosis #ca ,bromidrosis #cb ,chromidrosis #cb ,uridrosis #cc ,phosphoridrosis #cc ,seborrhoea 7,eczema ,seborrhoicum7 #cc ,comedo #ch ,milium #db ,steatoma #dc ,,class ,,ii4--,,inflammations #dd ,erythema ,simplex #dd ,erythema ,intertrigo #de ,erythema ,multiforme #df ,erythema ,nodosum #ej ,erythema ,induratum #ea ,urticaria #eb ,urticaria ,pigmentosa #ef ,dermatitis #eh ,dermatitis ,medicamentosa #fj ,x-,ray ,dermatitis #fc ,dermatitis ,factitia #fd ,dermatitis ,gangraenosa #fe ,erysipelas #ff ,phlegmona ,diffusa #fh ,furunculus #fh ,carbunculus #gj ,pustula ,maligna #gb ,post-mortem ,pustule #gc ,framboesia #gc ,verruga ,peruana #gc ,equinia #gd ,miliaria #gd ,pompholyx #gf ,herpes ,simplex #gh ,hydroa ,vacciniforme #hj ,epidermolysis ,bullosa #hj ,dermatitis ,repens #ha ,herpes ,zoster #ha ,dermatitis ,herpetiformis #hc ,psoriasis #hf ,pityriasis ,rosea #ie ,dermatitis ,exfoliativa #if ,lichen ,planus #ih ,pityriasis ,rubra ,pilaris #ii ,lichen ,scrofulosus #ajj ,eczema #ajj ,prurigo #aah ,acne #aai ,acne ,rosacea #abf ,sycosis #acj ,dermatitis ,papillaris ,capillitii #ace ,impetigo ,contagiosa #acf ,impetigo ,herpetiformis #ach ,ecthyma #ach ,pemphigus #adj ,,class ,,iii4--,,hemorrhages #add ,purpura #add ,scorbutus #adf ,,class ,,iv4--,,hypertrophies #adh ,lentigo #adh ,chloasma #adi ,keratosis ,pilaris #aea ,keratosis ,follicularis #aec ,molluscum ,epitheliale #aec ,callositas #aee ,clavus #aef ,cornu ,cutaneum #aeh ,verruca #afj ,naevus ,pigmentosus #afb ,ichthyosis #afe ,onychauxis #afg ,hypertrichosis #afh ,,oedema ,neonatorum #agj ,sclerema ,neonatorum #aga ,scleroderma #agb ,elephantiasis #agd ,dermatolysis #agf ,,class ,v4--,,atrophies #agg ,albinismus #agg ,vitiligo #agh ,canities #ahj ,alopecia #aha ,alopecia ,areata #ahc ,atrophia ,pilorum ,propria #ahg ,atrophia ,unguis #ahh ,atrophia ,cutis #ahi ,,class ,,vi4--,,new ,,growths #aia ,keloid #aia ,fibroma #aib ,neuroma #aid ,xanthoma #aie ,myoma #aif ,angioma #aif ,telangiectasis #aig ,lymphangioma #aih ,rhinoscleroma #aih ,lupus ,erythematosus #aii ,lupus ,vulgaris #bjc ,tuberculosis ,cutis #bji ,ainhum #bab ,mycetoma #bab ,perforating ,ulcer of the ,foot #bac ,syphilis ,cutanea #bac ,lepra #bca ,pellagra #bce ,epithelioma #bcf ,paget's ,disease of the ,nipple #bdj ,sarcoma #bda ,granuloma ,fungoides #bdb ,,class ,,vii4--,,neuroses #bdd ,hyperaesthesia #bdd ,dermatalgia #bdd ,anaesthesia #bdd ,pruritus #bdd ,,class ,,viii4--,,parasitic ,,affections #bdg ,tinea ,favosa #bdg ,tinea ,trichophytina #bea ,tinea ,imbricata #bfa ,tinea ,versicolor #bfb ,erythrasma #bfe ,actinomycosis #bff ,blastomycetic ,dermatitis #bff ,scabies #bfg ,pediculosis #bga ,pediculosis ,capitis #bgb ,pediculosis ,corporis #bgd ,pediculosis ,pubis #bge ,cysticercus ,cellulosae #bgf ,filaria ,medinensis #bgg ,ixodes #bgg ,leptus #bgg ,,oestrus #bgh ,pulex ,penetrans #bgh ,cimex ,lectularius #bgh ,culex #bgi ,pulex ,irritans #bgi ,,table showing ,relative ,frequency of the ,various ,diseases of the ,skin #bhj ,,diseases ,,of ,,the ,,skin4 ,,anatomy ,,of ,,the ,,skin4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 ,i4 ,vertical section of the skin--,diagrammatic4 7,after ,heitsmann47 ,the ,epidermis4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 c1 corneous 7horny7 layer2 g1 granular layer2 m1 mucous layer 7rete ,malpighii74 ,the stratum lucidum is the layer just above the granular layer4 ,nerve terminations--n1 afferent nerve2 b1 terminal nerve bulbs2 l1 cell of ,langerhans4 7,after ,ranvier47 ,the ,blood-vessels4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,c1 epidermis2 ,d1 corium2 ,p1 papillae2 ,s1 sweat-gland duct4 v1 arterial and venous capillaries 7superficial1 or papillary plexus7 of the papillae4 ,deep plexus is partly shown at lower margin of the diagram2 vs--an intermediate plexus1 an outgrowth from the deep plexus1 supplying sweat-glands1 and giving a loop to hair papilla4 7,after ,ranvier47 ,the ,nervous and ,vascular ,papillae4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #d4 a1 a vascular papilla2 b1 a nervous papilla2 c1 a blood-vessel2 d1 a nerve fibre2 e1 a tactile corpuscle4 7,after ,biesiadecki47 ,the ,hair and ,hair-,follicle4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,a1 shaft of the hair2 ,b1 root of the hair2 ,c1 cuticle of the hair2 ,d1 medullary substance of the hair4 ,e1 external layer of the hair-follicle2 ,f1 middle layer of the hair-follicle2 ,g1 internal layer of the hair-follicle2 ,h1 papilla of the hair2 ,i1 external root-sheath2 ,j1 outer layer of the internal root-sheath2 ,k1 internal layer of the internal root-sheath4 7,after ,duhring47 ,,symptomatology4 ,the symptoms of cutaneous disease may be objective1 subjective or both2 and in some diseases1 also1 there may be systemic disturbance4 ,what do you mean by objective symptoms8 ,those symptoms visible to the eye or touch4 ,what do you understand by subjective symptoms8 ,those which relate to sensation1 such as itching1 tingling1 burning1 pain1 tenderness1 heat1 anaesthesia1 and hyperaesthesia4 ,what do you mean by systemic symptoms8 ,those general symptoms1 slight or profound1 which are sometimes associated1 primarily or secondarily1 with the cutaneous disease1 as1 for example1 the systemic disturbance in leprosy1 pemphigus1 and purpura hemorrhagica4 ,into what two classes of lesions are the objective symptoms commonly divided8 ,primary 7or elementary71 and ,secondary 7or consecutive74 ,primary ,lesions4 ,what are primary lesions8 ,those objective lesions with which cutaneous diseases begin4 ,they may continue as such or may undergo modification1 passing into the secondary or consecutive lesions4 ,enumerate the primary lesions4 ,macules1 papules1 tubercles1 wheals1 tumors1 vesicles1 blebs and pustules4 ,what are macules 7maculae78 ,variously-sized1 shaped and tinted spots and discolorations1 without elevation or depression2 as1 for example1 freckles1 spots of purpura1 macules of cutaneous syphilis4 ,what are papules 7papulae78 ,small1 circumscribed1 solid elevations1 rarely exceeding the size of a split-pea1 and usually superficially seated2 as1 for example1 the papules of eczema1 of acne1 and of cutaneous syphilis4 ,what are tubercles 7tubercula78 ,circumscribed1 solid elevations1 commonly pea-sized and usually deep-seated2 as1 for example1 the tubercles of syphilis1 of leprosy1 and of lupus4 ,what are wheals 7pomphi78 ,variously-sized and shaped1 whitish1 pinkish or reddish elevations1 of an evanescent character2 as1 for example1 the lesions of urticaria1 the lesions produced by the bite of a mosquito or by the sting of a nettle4 ,what are tumors 7tumores78 ,soft or firm elevations1 usually large and prominent1 and having their seat in the corium and subcutaneous tissue2 as1 for example1 sebaceous tumors1 gummata1 and the lesions of fibroma4 ,what are vesicles 7vesiculae78 ,pin-head to pea-sized1 circumscribed epidermal elevations1 containing serous fluid2 as1 for example1 the so-called fever-blisters1 the lesions of herpes zoster1 and of vesicular eczema4 ,what are blebs 7bullae78 ,rounded or irregularly-shaped1 pea to egg-sized epidermic elevations1 with fluid contents2 in short1 they are essentially the same as vesicles and pustules except as to size2 as1 for example1 the blebs of pemphigus1 rhus poisoning1 and syphilis4 ,what are pustules 7pustulae78 ,circumscribed epidermic elevations containing pus2 as1 for example1 the pustules of acne1 of impetigo1 and of sycosis4 ,secondary ,lesions4 ,what are secondary lesions8 ,those lesions resulting from accidental or natural change1 modification or termination of the primary lesions4 ,enumerate the secondary lesions4 ,scales1 crusts1 excoriations1 fissures1 ulcers1 scars and stains4 ,what are scales 7squamae78 ,dry1 laminated1 epidermal exfoliations2 as1 for example1 the scales of psoriasis1 ichthyosis1 and eczema4 ,what are crusts 7crustae78 ,dried effete masses of exudation2 as1 for example1 the crusts of impetigo1 of eczema1 and of the pustular and ulcerating syphilodermata4 ,what are excoriations 7excoriationes78 ,superficial1 usually epidermal1 linear or punctate loss of tissue2 as1 for example1 ordinary scratch-marks4 ,what are fissures 7rhagades78 ,linear cracks or wounds1 involving the epidermis1 or epidermis and corium2 as1 for example1 the cracks which often occur in eczema when seated about the joints1 the cracks of chapped lips and hands4 ,what are ulcers 7ulcera78 ,rounded or irregularly-shaped and sized loss of skin and subcutaneous tissue resulting from disease2 as1 for example1 the ulcers of syphilis and of cancer4 ,what are scars 7cicatrices78 ,connective-tissue new formations replacing loss of substance4 ,what are stains8 ,discolorations left by cutaneous disease1 which stains may be transitory or permanent4 ,distribution and ,configuration4 ,what do you mean by a patch of eruption8 ,a single group or aggregation of lesions or an area of disease4 ,when is an eruption said to be limited or localized8 ,when it is confined to one part or region4 ,when is an eruption said to be general or generalized8 ,when it is scattered1 uniformly or irregularly1 over the entire surface4 ,when is an eruption universal8 ,when the whole integument is involved1 without any intervening healthy skin4 ,when is an eruption said to be discrete8 ,when the lesions constituting the eruption are isolated1 having more or less intervening normal skin4 ,when is an eruption confluent8 ,when the lesions constituting the eruption are so closely crowded that a solid sheet results4 ,when is an eruption uniform8 ,when the lesions constituting the eruption are all of one type or character4 ,when is an eruption multiform8 ,when the lesions constituting the eruption are of two or more types or characters4 ,when are lesions said to be aggregated8 ,when they tend to form groups or closely-crowded patches4 ,when are lesions disseminated8 ,when they are irregularly scattered1 with no tendency to form groups or patches4 ,when is a patch of eruption said to be circinate8 ,when it presents a rounded form1 and usually tending to clear in the centre2 as1 for example1 a patch of ringworm4 ,when is a patch of eruption said to be annular8 ,when it is ring-shaped1 the central portion being clear2 as1 for example1 in erythema annulare4 ,what meaning is conveyed by the term iris8 ,the patch of eruption is made up of several concentric rings4 ,difference of duration of the individual rings1 usually slight1 tends to give the patch variegated coloration2 as1 for example1 in erythema iris and herpes iris4 ,what meaning is conveyed by the term marginate8 ,the sheet of eruption is sharply defined against the healthy skin2 as1 for example1 in erythema marginatum1 eczema marginatum4 ,what meaning is conveyed by the qualifying term circumscribed8 ,the term is applied to small1 usually more or less rounded1 patches1 when sharply defined2 as1 for example1 the typical patches of psoriasis4 ,when is the qualifying term gyrate employed8 ,when the patches arrange themselves in an irregular winding or festoon-like manner2 as1 for instance1 in some cases of psoriasis4 ,it results1 usually1 from the coalescence of several rings1 the eruption disappearing at the points of contact4 ,when is an eruption said to be serpiginous8 ,when the eruption spreads at the border1 clearing up at the older part2 as1 for instance1 in the serpiginous syphiloderm4 ,,relative ,,frequency4 ,name the more common cutaneous diseases and state approximately their frequency4 ,eczema1 #cj4d2 syphilis cutanea1 #aa4b2 acne1 #g4c2 pediculosis1 #d2 psoriasis1 #c4c2 ringworm1 #c4b2 dermatitis1 #b4f2 scabies1 #b4f2 urticaria1 #b4e2 pruritus1 #b4a2 seborrhoea1 #b4a2 herpes simplex1 #a4g2 favus1 #a4g2 impetigo1 #a4d2 herpes zoster1 #a4b2 verruca1 #a4a2 tinea versicolor1 #a4 ,total3 eighteen diseases1 representing #ha per cent4 of all cases met with4 7,these percentages are based upon statistics1 public and private1 of the ,american ,dermatological ,association1 covering a period of ten years4 ,in private practice the proportion of cases of pediculosis1 scabies1 favus1 and impetigo is much smaller1 while acne1 acne rosacea1 seborrhoea1 epithelioma1 and lupus are relatively more frequent47 ,,contagiousness4 ,name the more actively contagious skin diseases4 ,impetigo contagiosa1 ringworm1 favus1 scabies and pediculosis2 excluding the exanthemata1 erysipelas1 syphilis and certain rare and doubtful diseases4 ,at the present time when most diseases are presumed to be due to bacteria or parasites the belief in contagiousness1 under certain conditions1 has considerably broadened4 ,,rapidity ,,of ,,cure4 ,is the rapid cure of a skin disease fraught with any danger to the patient8 ,no4 ,it was formerly so considered1 especially by the public and general profession1 and the impression still holds to some extent1 but it is not in accord with dermatological experience4 ,,ointment ,,bases4 ,name the several fats in common use for ointment bases4 ,lard1 petrolatum 7or cosmoline or vaseline71 cold cream and lanolin4 ,state the relative advantages of these several bases4 ,lard is the best all-around base1 possessing penetrating properties scarcely exceeded by any other fat4 ,petrolatum is also valuable1 having little1 if any1 tendency to change2 it is useful as a protective1 but is lacking in its power of penetration4 ,cold ,cream 7ungt4 aquae rosae7 is soothing and cooling1 and may often be used when other fatty applications disagree4 ,lanolin is said to surpass in its power of penetration all other bases1 but this is not borne out by experience4 ,it is an unsatisfactory base when used alone4 ,it should be mixed with another base in about the proportion of #be to #ej4 ,these several bases may1 and often with advantage1 be variously combined4 ,what is to be added to these several bases if a stiffer ointment is required8 ,simple cerate1 wax1 spermaceti1 or suet2 or in some instances1 a pulverulent substance1 such as starch1 boric acid1 and zinc oxide4 ,,class ,i4--,,disorders ,,of ,,the ,,glands4 ,hyperidrosis4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,a normal sweat-gland1 highly magnified4 7,after ,neumann47 a1 ,sweat-coil3 b1 sweat-duct2 c1 lumen of duct2 d1 connective-tissue capsule2 e and f1 arterial trunk and capillaries4 ,what is hyperidrosis8 ,hyperidrosis is a functional disturbance of the sweat-glands1 characterized by an increased production of sweat4 ,this increase may be slight or excessive1 local or general4 ,as a local affection1 what parts are most commonly involved8 ,the hands1 feet1 especially the palmar and plantar surfaces1 the axillae and the genitalia4 ,describe the symptoms of the local forms of hyperidrosis4 ,the essential1 and frequently the sole symptom1 is more or less profuse sweating4 ,if the hands are the parts involved1 they are noted to be wet1 clammy and sometimes cold4 ,if involving the soles1 the skin often becomes more or less macerated and sodden in appearance1 and as a result of this maceration and continued irritation they may become inflamed1 especially about the borders of the affected parts1 and present a pinkish or pinkish-red color1 having a violaceous tinge4 ,the sweat undergoes change and becomes offensive4 ,is hyperidrosis acute or chronic8 ,usually chronic1 although it may also occur as an acute affection4 ,what is the etiology of hyperidrosis8 ,debility is commonly the cause in general hyperidrosis2 the local forms are probably neurotic in origin4 ,what is the prognosis8 ,the disease is usually persistent and often rebellious to treatment2 in many instances a permanent cure is possible1 in others palliation4 ,relapses are not uncommon4 ,what systemic remedies are employed in hyperidrosis8 ,ergot1 belladonna1 gallic acid1 mineral acids1 and tonics4 ,constitutional treatment is rarely of benefit in the local forms of hyperidrosis1 and external applications are seldom of service in general hyperidrosis4 ,precipitated sulphur1 a teaspoonful twice daily1 is also well spoken of1 combined1 if necessary1 with an astringent4 ,what external remedies are employed in the local forms8 ,astringent lotions of zinc sulphate1 tannin and alum1 applied several times daily1 with or without the supplementary use of dusting-powders4 ,weak solutions of formaldehyde1 one to one hundred1 are sometimes of value4 ,dusting-powders of boric acid and zinc oxide1 to which may be added from ten to thirty grains of salicylic acid to the ounce1 to be used freely and often3-- ,rx ,pulv4 ac4 salicylici 44444444444444444 gr4 x-xxx4 ,pulv4 ac4 borici 444444444444444444444 dramv4 ,pulv4 zinci oxidi 44444444444444444444 dramiij ,m4 ,diachylon ointment1 and an ointment containing a drachm of tannin to the ounce2 more especially applicable in hyperidrosis of the feet4 ,the parts are first thoroughly washed1 rubbed dry with towels and dusting-powder1 and the ointment applied on strips of muslin or lint and bound on2 the dressing is renewed twice daily1 the parts each time being rubbed dry with soft towels and dusting-powder1 and the treatment continued for ten days to two weeks1 after which the dusting-powder is to be used alone for several weeks4 ,no water is to be used after the first washing until the ointment is discontinued4 ,one such course will occasionally suffice1 but not infrequently a repetition is necessary4 ,faradization and galvanization are sometimes serviceable4 ,repeated mild exposures to the ,roentgen rays have a favorable influence in some instances4 ,sudamen4 7,synonym3 ,miliaria crystallina47 ,what is sudamen8 ,sudamen is a non-inflammatory disorder of the sweat-glands1 characterized by pin-point to pin-head-sized1 discrete but thickly-set1 superficial1 translucent whitish vesicles4 ,describe the clinical characters4 ,the lesions develop rapidly and in great numbers1 either irregularly or in crops1 and are usually to be seen as discrete1 closely-crowded1 whitish1 or pearl-colored minute elevations1 occurring most abundantly upon the trunk4 ,in appearance they resemble minute dew-drops4 ,they are non-inflammatory1 without areola1 never become purulent1 and evince no tendency to rupture1 the fluid disappearing by absorption1 and the epidermal covering by desquamation4 ,give the course and duration of sudamen4 ,new crops may appear as the older lesions are disappearing1 and the affection persist for some time1 or1 on the other hand1 the whole process may come to an end in several days or a week4 ,in short1 the course and duration depend upon the subsidence or persistence of the cause4 ,what is the anatomical seat of sudamen8 ,the lesions are formed between the lamellae of the corneous layer1 usually the upper part2 and are thought to be due to some change in the character of the epithelial cells of this layer1 probably from high temperature1 giving rise to a blocking up of the surface outlet4 ,what is the cause of sudamen8 ,debility1 especially when associated with high fever4 ,the eruption is often seen in the course of typhus1 typhoid and rheumatic fevers4 ,how would you treat sudamen8 ,by constitutional remedies directed against the predisposing factor or factors1 and the application of cooling lotions of vinegar or alcohol and water1 or dusting-powders of starch and lycopodium4 ,hydrocystoma4 ,describe hydrocystoma4 ,hydrocystoma is a cystic affection of the sweat-gland ducts1 seated upon the face4 ,the lesions may be present in scant numbers or in more or less profusion4 ,they have the appearance of boiled sago grains imbedded in the skin2 the larger lesions may have a bluish color1 especially about the periphery4 ,it is not common1 and is usually seen in washerwomen and laundresses1 or those exposed to moist heat4 ,in some cases it tends to disappear during the winter months4 ,there are no subjective symptoms4 ,treatment consists of puncturing the lesions and application of dusting-powder4 ,avoidance of the exciting cause 7moist heat7 is important4 ,anidrosis4 ,describe anidrosis4 ,it is the opposite condition of hyperidrosis1 and is characterized by diminution or suppression of the sweat secretion4 ,it occurs to some extent in certain systemic diseases and also in some affections of the skin1 such as ichthyosis2 nerve-injuries may give rise to localized sweat-suppression4 ,treatment is based upon general principles2 friction1 warm and hot-vapor baths1 electricity and similar measures are of service4 ,bromidrosis4 7,synonym3 ,osmidrosis47 ,describe bromidrosis4 ,bromidrosis is a functional disturbance of the sweat-glands characterized by a sweat secretion of an offensive odor4 ,the sweat production may be normal in quantity or more or less excessive1 usually the latter4 ,the condition may be local or general1 commonly the former4 ,it is closely allied to hyperidrosis1 and may often be considered identical1 the odor resulting from rapid decomposition of the sweat secretion4 ,the decomposition and resulting odor have been thought due to the presence of bacteria4 ,what parts are most commonly affected in bromidrosis8 ,the feet and the axillae4 ,what is the treatment of bromidrosis8 ,it is essentially the same as that of hyperidrosis 7q4 v471 consisting of applications of astringent lotions1 dusting-powders1 especially those containing boric acid and salicylic acid1 and the continuous application of diachylon ointment4 ,in obstinate cases weak formaldehyde solutions1 ,roentgen rays1 and high-frequency currents can be tried4 ,chromidrosis4 ,describe chromidrosis4 ,this is a functional disorder of the sweat-glands characterized by a secretion variously colored1 and usually increased in quantity4 ,it is1 as a rule1 limited to a circumscribed area4 ,the most common color is red4 ,the condition is probably of neurotic origin and tends to recur4 7,true chromidrosis is extremely rare2 most of the cases formerly thought to be such are now known to be examples of pseudochromidrosis47 ,treatment should be invigorating and tonic1 with special reference toward the nervous system4 ,the various methods of local electrization should also be resorted to4 ,mild antiseptic and astringent lotions or dusting powders should also be advised4 ,red chromidrosis or ,pseudochromidrosis is a condition in which the coloring of the sweat occurs after its excretion and is due to the presence of chromatogenous bacteria which are found attached to the hairs of the part in agglutinated masses4 ,the axilla is the favorite site4 ,treatment consists of frequent soap-and-water washings1 and the application of boric acid1 resorcin1 and corrosive sublimate lotions4 ,uridrosis4 ,describe uridrosis4 ,uridrosis is a rare condition in which the sweat secretion contains the elements of the urine1 especially urea4 ,in marked cases the salt may be noticeable upon the skin as a colorless or whitish crystalline deposit4 ,in most instances it has been preceded or accompanied by partial or complete suppression of the renal functions4 ,phosphoridrosis4 ,describe phosphoridrosis4 ,phosphoridrosis is a rare condition1 in which the sweat is phosphorescent4 ,it has been observed in the later stages of phthisis1 in miliaria1 and in those who have eaten of putrid fish4 ,seborrhoea 7,eczema ,seborrhoicum74 ,synonyms3 7,steatorrhoea2 ,acne sebacea2 ,ichthyosis sebacea2 ,dandruff47 ,what is seborrhoea8 ,seborrhoea is a disease of the sebaceous glands1 characterized by an excessive and abnormal secretion of sebaceous matter1 appearing on the skin as an oily coating1 crusts1 or scales4 ,in many cases the sweat-glands are likewise implicated1 and the process may also be distinctly1 although usually mildly1 inflammatory4 ,at what age is seborrhoea usually observed8 ,between fifteen and forty4 ,it may1 however1 occur at any age4 ,name the parts most commonly affected4 ,the scalp1 face1 and 7less frequently7 the sternal and interscapular regions of the trunk4 ,it is sometimes seen on other parts4 ,what varieties of seborrhoea are encountered8 ,seborrhoea oleosa and seborrhoea sicca2 not infrequently the disease is of a mixed type4 ,what are the symptoms of seborrhoea oleosa8 ,the sole symptom is an unnatural oiliness1 variable as to degree4 ,its most common sites are the regions of the scalp1 nose1 and forehead4 ,in many instances mild rosacea coexists with oily seborrhoea of the nose4 ,give the symptoms of seborrhoea sicca4 ,a variable degree of greasy scalines1 which may be seated upon a pale1 hyperaemic or mildly inflammatory surface4 ,the parts affected are covered scantily or more or less abundantly with somewhat greasy1 grayish1 or brownish-gray scales4 ,if upon the scalp 7dandruff1 pityriasis capitis71 small particles of scales are found scattered through the hair1 and when the latter is brushed or combed1 fall over the shoulders4 ,if upon the face1 in addition to the scaliness1 the sebaceous ducts are usually seen to be enlarged and filled with sebaceous matter4 ,describe the symptoms of the ordinary or mixed type4 ,it is common upon the scalp4 ,the skin is covered with irregularly diffused1 greasy1 grayish or brownish scales and crusts1 in some cases moderate in quantity1 in others so great that large irregular masses are formed1 pasting the hair to the scalp4 ,if removed1 the scales and crusts rapidly re-form4 ,the skin beneath is found slate-colored1 hyperaemic or mildly inflammatory1 and exceptionally it has in places an eczematous aspect 7eczema seborrhoicum74 ,extraneous matter1 such as dust and dirt1 collects upon the parts1 and the whole mass may become more or less offensive4 ,there is a strong tendency to falling-out of the hair4 ,itching may or may not be present4 ,illustration3 ,seborrhoea 7,eczema ,seborrhoicum74 ,describe the symptoms of seborrhoea of the trunk and other parts4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,a normal sebaceous gland in connection with a lanugo hair4 7,after ,neumann47 a1 ,capsule2 b1 fatty secretion2 c1 h1 secreting cells2 d1 root of lanugo hair2 e1 hair-sac2 f1 hair-shaft2 g1 acini of sebaceous gland4 ,seborrhoea corporis differs in a measure1 in its symptoms1 from seborrhoea of the scalp and is usually illustrative of the variety known as eczema seborrhoicum2 it occurs as one or several irregular or circinate1 slightly hyperaemic or moderately inflammatory patches1 covered with dirty or grayish-looking greasy scales or crusts1 usually moderate in quantity1 and upon removal are found to have projections into the sebaceous ducts4 ,it is commonly seen upon the sternal and interscapular regions4 ,it rarely exists independently in these regions1 being usually associated with and following the disease on the scalp4 ,it may also invade the axillae1 genitocrural1 and other regions4 ,what is the usual course of seborrhoea8 ,essentially chronic1 the disease varying in intensity from time to time4 ,in occasional instances it disappears spontaneously4 ,give the cause or causes of seborrhoea4 ,general debility1 anaemia1 chlorosis1 dyspepsia1 and similar conditions are to be variously looked upon as predisposing4 ,in some instances1 however1 the disease seems to be purely local in character1 and to be entirely independent of any constitutional or predisposing condition4 ,the view recently advanced that the disease is of parasitic nature and contagious has been steadily gaining ground4 ,what is the pathology of seborrhoea8 ,seborrhoea is a disease of the sebaceous glands1 and probably often involving the sweat-glands also2 its products1 as found upon the skin1 consisting of the sebaceous secretion1 epithelial cells from the glands and ducts1 and more or less extraneous matter4 ,not infrequently evidences of superficial inflammatory action are also to be found1 and it is especially for this type that the name eczema seborrhoicum is most appropriate4 ,in long-continued and neglected cases slight atrophy of the gland-structures may occur4 ,with what diseases are you likely to confound seborrhoea8 ,upon the scalp1 with eczema and psoriasis2 upon the face1 with lupus erythematosus and eczema2 and upon the trunk1 with psoriasis and ringworm4 ,as a rule1 the clinical features of seborrhoea are sufficiently characteristic to prevent error4 ,what are the differential points8 ,eczema1 psoriasis1 and lupus erythematosus are diseases in which there are distinct inflammatory symptoms1 such as thickening and infiltration and redness2 moreover1 psoriasis1 and this holds true as to ringworm also1 occurs in sharply-defined1 circumscribed patches1 and lupus erythematosus has a peculiar violaceous tint and an elevated and marginate border4 ,a microscopic examination of the epidermic scrapings would be of crucial value in differentiating from ringworm4 ,quite frequently1 especially in the interscapular and sternal regions1 the segmental configuration constitutes an important feature of seborrhoea--of the eczema seborrhoicum variety4 ,what is the prognosis in seborrhoea8 ,favorable4 ,all types are curable1 and when upon the non-hairy regions1 usually readily so2 upon the scalp it is often obstinate4 ,relapses are not uncommon4 ,in those cases of seborrhoea capitis which have been long-continued or neglected1 and attended with loss of hair1 this loss may be more or less permanent1 although ordinarily much can be done to promote a regrowth 7see ,treatment of ,alopecia74 ,how would you treat seborrhoea of the scalp8 ,by constitutional 7if indicated7 and local remedies2 the former having in view correction or modification of the predisposing factor or factors1 and the latter removal of the sebaceous accumulations and the application of mildly stimulating antiseptic ointments or lotions4 ,what constitutional remedies are commonly employed8 ,the various tonics1 such as iron1 quinine1 strychnia1 cod-liver oil1 arsenic1 the vegetable bitters1 laxatives1 malt and similar preparations4 ,the line of treatment is to be based upon indications4 ,how do you free the scalp of the sebaceous accumulations8 ,in mild types of the disease shampooing with simple ,castile soap 7or any other good toilet soap7 and hot water will suffice2 in those cases in which there is considerable scale-and crust-formation the tincture of green soap 7tinct4 saponis viridis7 is to be employed in place of the toilet soap1 and in some of these latter cases it may be necessary to soften the crusts with a previous soaking with olive oil4 ,the frequency of the shampoo depends upon the conditions4 ,in mild cases once in five or ten days will be sufficiently frequent to keep the parts clean1 but in those cases in which there is rapid scale-or crust-production once daily or every second day may at first be demanded4 ,name the most effectual applications in seborrhoea capitis4 ,sulphur1 ammoniated mercury1 salicylic acid1 resorcin1 and carbolic acid4 ,sulphur is used in the form of an ointment1 from twenty grains to one drachm in the ounce4 ,ammoniated mercury1 in the form of an ointment1 ten to sixty grains to the ounce4 ,salicylic acid1 either alone as an ointment1 ten to thirty grains to the ounce2 or it may often be added with advantage1 in the same proportion1 to the sulphur or ammoniated mercury ointment above named4 ,resorcin1 either as an ointment1 ten to thirty grains to the ounce1 or as an alcoholic or aqueous lotion1 as the following3-- ,rx ,resorcini 4444444444444444444444444444 dramj-dramiss4 ,ol4 ricini 444444444444444444444444444 minimxxx-fdramij4 ,alcoholis 4444444444444444444444444444 f,oziv4 ,m4 ,carbolic acid1 to the amount of ten to thirty grains1 can be added to this4 ,if an aqueous lotion is desirable1 then in the above formula the oleum ricini is replaced with glycerine1 and the alcohol with water2 three to five minims of glycerine in each ounce is usually sufficient1 as a greater quantity makes the resulting lotion sticky4 ,petrolatum alone1 or with #aj to #cj per cent4 lanolin1 is usually the most satisfactory base for the ointments4 ,in some cases of the inflammatory variety the skin is found quite irritable1 and the mildest applications are at first only admissible4 ,how are the remedies to be applied8 ,a small quantity of the lotion1 ointment1 or oil is gently applied to the skin2 when to the scalp1 a lotion or oil can be conveniently applied by means of an eye-dropper4 ,in the beginning of the treatment an application once or twice daily is ordered2 later1 as the disease becomes less active1 once every second or third day4 ,how is seborrhoea upon other parts to be treated8 ,in the same general manner as seborrhoea of the scalp1 except that the local applications must be somewhat weaker4 ,the several sulphur lotions employed in the treatment of acne 7q4 v47 may also be used when the disease is upon these parts4 ,in obstinate patchy cases occasional paintings with a #bj to #ej per cent alcoholic solution of resorcin is curative2 following the painting a mild salve should be used4 ,comedo4 7,synonyms3 ,blackheads2 ,flesh-worms47 ,what is comedo8 ,comedo is a disorder of the sebaceous glands1 characterized by yellowish or blackish pin-point or pin-head-sized puncta or elevations corresponding to the gland-orifices4 ,at what age and upon what parts are comedones found8 ,usually between fifteen and thirty1 and upon the face and upper part of the trunk1 where they may exist sparsely or in great numbers4 ,they are occasionally associated with oily seborrhoea1 the parts presenting a greasy or soiled appearance4 ,exceptionally they occur as distinct1 and usually symmetrical1 groups upon the forehead or the cheeks4 ,on the upper trunk so-called double and multiple comedo have been noted--the two1 three1 or even four closely-contiguous blackheads are1 beneath the surface1 intercommunicable1 the dividing duct-walls having apparently disappeared by fusion4 ,describe an individual lesion4 ,it is pin-point to pin-head in size1 dark yellowish1 and usually with a central blackish point 7hence the name blackheads74 ,there is scarcely perceptible elevation1 unless the amount of retained secretion is excessive4 ,upon pressure this may be ejected1 the small1 rounded orifice through which it is expressed giving it a thread-like shape 7hence the name flesh-worms74 ,what is the usual course of comedo8 ,chronic4 ,the lesions may persist indefinitely or the condition may be somewhat variable4 ,in many instances1 either as a result of pressure or in consequence of chemical change in the sebaceous plugs or of the addition of a microbic factor1 inflammation is excited and acne results4 ,the two conditions are1 in fact1 usually associated4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,demodex ,folliculorum1 ,x #cjj4 ,ventral surface4 7,after ,simon47 ,to what may comedo often be ascribed8 ,to disorders of digestion1 constipation1 chlorosis1 menstrual disturbance1 lack of tone in the muscular fibres of the skin1 the infrequent use of soap1 and working in a dirty or dusty atmosphere4 ,a small parasite 7demodex folliculorum1 acarus folliculorum7 is sometimes found in the sebaceous mass1 but its presence is without etiological significance1 as it is also found in healthy follicles4 ,a microbacillus has been found by several observers1 and credited with etiological influence4 ,what is the pathology of comedo8 ,the sebaceous ducts or glands1 or both1 become blocked up with retained secretion and epithelial cells4 ,the dark points which usually mark the lesions are probably due to accumulation of dirt1 but may1 as some writers maintain1 be due to the presence of pigment-granules resulting from chemical change in the sebaceous matter4 ,is there any difficulty in the diagnosis of comedo8 ,no4 ,it can scarcely be confounded with milium1 as in this latter disease the lesion has no open outlet1 no black point1 and the contents cannot be squeezed out4 ,give the prognosis of comedo4 ,the result of treatment is usually favorable1 although the disease is often rebellious4 ,relapses are not uncommon4 ,how would you treat a case of comedo8 ,by systemic 7if indicated7 and local measures4 ,the constitutional treatment aims at correction or palliation of the predisposing conditions1 and the external applications have in view a removal of the sebaceous plugs and stimulation of the glands and skin to healthy action4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,comedo ,extractor4 ,name the systemic remedies commonly employed4 ,cod-liver oil1 iron1 quinine1 arsenic1 nux vomica and other tonics2 ergot in those cases in which there is lack of muscular tone1 salines and aperient pills in constipation4 ,the digestion is to be looked after and the bowels kept regular2 indigestible food of all kinds is to be interdicted4 ,hygienic measures1 such as general and local bathing1 local massage1 calisthenics1 and open-air exercise1 are of service4 ,describe the local treatment4 ,steaming the face or prolonged applications of hot water2 washing with ordinary toilet soap and hot water1 or1 in sluggish cases1 using tincture of green soap 7tinct4 saponis viridis7 instead of the toilet soap2 removal of the sebaceous plugs by mechanical means1 such as lateral pressure with the finger ends or perpendicular pressure with a watch-key with rounded edges1 or with an instrument specially contrived for this purpose2 and after these preliminary measures1 which should be carried out every night1 a stimulating sulphur ointment or lotion1 such as employed in the treatment of acne 7q4 v471 is to be thoroughly applied4 ,the following is valuable3-- ,rx ,zinci sulphatis1 ,potassi sulphureti1 4 aa 4444444 dramj-dramiv4 ,alcoholi 44444444444444444444444444444 f,ozss4 ,aquae1 44444444444444444 q4s4 ad 444444 f,oziv4 ,m4 ,should slight scaliness or a mild degree of irritation of the skin be brought about1 active external treatment is to be discontinued for a few days and soothing applications made4 ,resorcin1 in lotion1 #c to #be per cent strength1 is through the exfoliation it provokes1 frequently of value2 the resorcin paste referred to in acne can also be used for this purpose4 ,moderately strong applications of the ,faradic current1 repeated once or twice weekly1 are sometimes of service2 also weak to moderately strong applications of the continuous and high-frequency currents4 ,roentgen-ray treatment can also be resorted to in extremely obstinate cases4 ,in occasional instances sulphur preparations not only fail to do good1 but materially aggravate the condition4 ,in such cases1 if resorcin preparations also fail1 the mercurial lotion and ointment employed in acne may be prescribed4 ,mercurial and sulphur applications should not be used1 it need scarcely be said1 within a week or ten days of each other1 otherwise an increase in the comedones and a slight darkening of the skin result from the formation of the black sulphuret of mercury4 ,milium4 7,synonyms3 ,grutum2 ,strophulus ,albidus47 ,what is milium8 ,milium consists in the formation of small1 whitish or yellowish1 rounded1 pearly1 non-inflammatory elevations situated in the upper part of the corium4 ,describe the clinical appearances4 ,the lesions are usually pin-head in size1 whitish or yellowish1 seemingly more or less translucent1 rounded or acuminated1 without aperture or duct1 are superficially seated in the skin1 and project slightly above the surface4 ,they appear about the face1 especially about the eyelids2 they may occur also1 although rarely1 upon other parts4 ,but one or several may be present1 or they may exist in numbers4 ,what is the course of milium8 ,the lesions develop slowly1 and may then remain stationary for years4 ,their presence gives rise to no disturbance1 and1 unless they are large in size or exist in numbers1 causes but slight disfigurement4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,milium ,needle4 ,in rare instances they may undergo calcareous metamorphosis1 constituting the so-called cutaneous calculi4 ,what is the anatomical seat of milium8 ,the sebaceous gland 7probably one or several of the superficially-situated acini71 the duct of which is in some manner obliterated1 the sebaceous matter collects1 becomes inspissated and calcareous1 forming the pin-head lesion4 ,the epidermis is the external covering4 ,what is the treatment8 ,the usual plan is to prick or incise each lesion and press out the contents4 ,in some milia it may be necessary also1 in order to prevent a return1 to touch the base of the excavation with tincture of iodine or with silver nitrate4 ,electrolysis is also effectual4 ,in those cases where the lesions are numerous the production of exfoliation of the epiderm by means of resorcin applications 7see acne7 is a good plan4 ,steatoma4 7,synonyms3 ,sebaceous ,cyst2 ,sebaceous ,tumor2 ,wen47 ,describe steatoma4 ,steatoma1 or sebaceous cyst1 appears as a variously-sized1 elevated1 rounded or semi-globular1 soft or firm tumor1 freely movable and painless1 and having its seat in the corium or subcutaneous tissue4 ,the overlying skin is normal in color1 or it may be whitish or pale from distention2 in some a gland-duct orifice may be seen1 but1 as a rule1 this is absent4 ,what are the favorite regions for the development of steatoma8 ,the scalp1 face and back4 ,one or several may be present4 ,what is the course of sebaceous cysts8 ,their growth is slow1 and1 after attaining a variable size1 may remain stationary4 ,they may exist indefinitely without causing any inconvenience beyond the disfigurement4 ,exceptionally1 in enormously distended growths1 suppuration and ulceration result4 ,what is the pathology8 ,a steatoma is a cyst of the sebaceous gland and duct1 produced by retained secretion4 ,the contents may be hard and friable1 soft and cheesy1 or even fluid1 of a grayish1 whitish or yellowish color1 and with or without a fetid odor2 the mass consisting of fat-drops1 epidermic cells1 cholesterin1 and sometimes hairs4 ,are sebaceous cysts likely to be confounded with gummata8 ,no4 ,gummata grow more rapidly1 are usually painful to the touch1 are not freely movable1 and tend to break down and ulcerate4 ,describe the treatment of steatoma4 ,a linear incision is made1 and the mass and enveloping sac dissected out4 ,if the sac is permitted to remain1 reproduction almost invariably takes place4 ,,class ,,ii4--,,inflammations4 ,erythema ,simplex4 ,what do you understand by erythema simplex8 ,erythema simplex is a hyperaemic disorder characterized by redness1 occurring in the form of variously-sized and shaped1 diffused or circumscribed1 non-elevated patches4 ,name the two general classes into which the simple erythemata are divided4 ,idiopathic and symptomatic4 ,what do you include in the idiopathic class8 ,those erythemas due to external causes1 such as cold and heat 7erythema caloricum71 the action of the sun 7erythema solare71 traumatism 7erythema traumaticum71 and the various poisons or chemical irritants 7erythema venenatum74 ,what do you include in the symptomatic class8 ,those rashes often preceding or accompanying certain of the systemic diseases1 and those due to disorders of the digestive tract1 stomachic and intestinal toxins1 to the ingestion of certain drugs1 and to use of the therapeutic serums4 ,describe the symptoms of erythema simplex4 ,the essential symptom is redness--simple hyperaemia--without elevation or infiltration1 disappearing under pressure1 and sometimes attended by slight heat or burning2 it may be patchy or diffused4 ,in the idiopathic class1 if the cause is continued1 dermatitis may result4 ,what is to be said about the distribution of the simple erythemata8 ,the idiopathic rashes1 as inferred from the nature of the causes1 are usually limited4 ,the symptomatic erythemas are more or less generalized2 desquamation sometimes follows4 ,describe the treatment of the simple erythemata4 ,a removal of the cause in idiopathic rashes is all that is needed1 the erythema sooner or later subsiding4 ,the same may be stated of the symptomatic erythemata1 but in these there is at times difficulty in recognizing the etiological factor2 constitutional treatment1 if necessary1 is to be based upon general principles4 ,intestinal antiseptics are useful in some instances4 ,local treatment1 which is rarely needed1 consists of the use of dusting-powders or mild cooling and astringent lotions1 such as are employed in the treatment of acute eczema 7q4 v474 ,erythema ,intertrigo4 7,synonym3 ,chafing47 ,what do you understand by erythema intertrigo8 ,erythema intertrigo is a hyperaemic disorder occurring on parts where the natural folds of the skin come in contact1 and is characterized by redness1 to which may be added an abraded surface and maceration of the epidermis4 ,describe the symptoms of erythema intertrigo4 ,the skin of the involved region gradually becomes hyperaemic1 but is without elevation or infiltration2 a feeling of heat and soreness is usually experienced4 ,if the condition continue1 the increased perspiration and moisture of the parts give rise to maceration of the epidermis and a mucoid discharge2 actual inflammation may eventually result4 ,what is the course of erythema intertrigo8 ,the affection may pass away in a few days or persist several weeks1 the duration depending1 in a great measure1 upon the cause4 ,mention the causes of erythema intertrigo4 ,the causes are usually local4 ,it is seen chiefly in children1 especially in fat subjects1 in whom friction and moisture of contiguous parts of the body1 usually the region of the neck1 buttocks and genitalia1 are more common2 in such1 uncleanliness or the too free use of soap washings will often act as the exciting factor4 ,disorders of the stomach or intestinal canal apparently have a predisposing influence4 ,what treatment would you advise in erythema intertrigo8 ,the folds or parts are to be kept from contact by means of lint or absorbent cotton2 thin1 flat bags of cheese cloth or similar material partly filled with dusting-powder1 and kept clean by frequent changes1 are excellent for this purpose1 and usually curative4 ,cleanliness is essential1 but it is to be kept within the bounds of common sense4 ,dusting-powders and cooling and astringent lotions1 such as are employed in the treatment of acute eczema 7q4 v471 can also be advised4 ,the following lotion is valuable3-- ,rx ,pulv4 calaminae1 ,pulv4 zinci oxidi1 44 aa 444444 dramiss4 ,glycerinae1 44444444444444444444444444 minumxxx ,alcoholis1 44444444444444444444444444 fdramij ,aquae1 4444444444444444444444444444444 ,oss4 ,m4 ,exceptionally a mild ointment1 alone or supplementary to a lotion1 acts more satisfactorily4 ,in persistent or obstinate cases attention should also be directed to the state of the general health1 especially as regards the digestive tract4 ,erythema ,multiforme4 ,what is erythema multiforme8 ,erythema multiforme is an acute1 inflammatory disease1 characterized by reddish1 more or less variegated macules1 papules1 and tubercles1 occurring as discrete lesions or in patches of various size and shape4 ,upon what parts of the body does the eruption appear8 ,usually upon the extremities1 especially the dorsal aspect1 from the knees and elbows down1 and about the face and neck2 it may1 however1 be more or less general4 ,describe the symptoms of erythema multiforme4 ,with or without precursory symptoms of malaise1 gastric uneasiness or rheumatic pains1 the eruption suddenly makes its appearance1 assuming an erythematous1 papular1 tubercular or mixed character2 as a rule1 one type of lesion predominates4 ,the lesions tend to increase in size and intensity1 remain stationary for several days or a week1 and then gradually fade2 during this time there may have been outbreaks of new lesions4 ,in color they are pink1 red1 or violaceous4 ,slight itching may or may not be present4 ,exceptionally1 in general cases1 the eruption partakes of the nature of both urticaria and erythema multiforme1 and itching may be quite a decided symptom4 ,in some instances there is preceding and accompanying febrile action1 usually slight in character2 in others there may be some rheumatic swelling of one or more joints4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,erythema ,multiforme1 in which many of the lesions have become bullous--,erythema ,bullosum4 ,what type of the eruption is most common8 ,the papular1 appearing usually upon the backs of the hands and forearms1 and not infrequently1 also1 upon the face1 legs and feet4 ,the papules are usually pea-sized1 flattened1 and of a dark red or violaceous color4 ,describe the various shapes which the erythematous lesions may assume4 ,often the patches are distinctly ring-shaped1 with a clear centre--erythema annulare2 or they are made up of several concentric rings1 presenting variegated coloring--erythema iris2 or a more or less extensive patch may spread with a sharply-defined border1 the older part tending to fade--erythema marginatum2 or several rings may coalesce1 with a disappearance of the coalescing parts1 and serpentine lines or bands result--erythema gyratum4 ,does the eruption of erythema multiforme ever assume a vesicular or bullous character8 ,yes4 ,in exceptional instances1 the inflammatory process may be sufficiently intense to produce vesiculation1 usually at the summits of the papules--erythema vesiculosum2 and in some instances1 blebs may be formed--erythema bullosum4 ,a vesicular or bullous lesion may become immediately surrounded by a ring-like vesicle or bleb1 and outside of this another form2 a patch may be made up of as many as several such rings--herpes iris4 ,in the vesicular and bullous cases the lips and the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose also may be the seat of similar lesions4 ,what is the course of erythema multiforme8 ,acute1 the symptoms disappearing spontaneously1 usually in one to three or four weeks4 ,in some instances the recurrences take place so rapidly that the disease assumes a chronic aspect2 it is possible that such cases are midway cases between this disease and dermatitis herpetiformis4 ,mention the etiological factors in erythema multiforme4 ,the causes are obscure4 ,digestive disturbance1 rheumatic conditions1 and the ingestion of certain drugs are at times influential4 ,intestinal toxins are doubtless important etiological factors in some cases4 ,certain foods1 such as are apt to undergo rapid putrefactive or fermentative change1 especially pork meats1 oysters1 fish1 crabs1 lobsters1 etc41 are1 therefore1 not infrequently of apparent causative influence4 ,it is most frequently observed in spring and autumn months1 and in early adult life4 ,the disease is not uncommon4 ,what is the pathology of erythema multiforme8 ,it is a mildly inflammatory disorder1 somewhat similar to urticaria1 and presumably due to vasomotor disturbance2 the amount of exudation1 which is variable1 determines the character of the lesions4 ,name the diagnostic points of erythema multiforme4 ,the multiformity of the eruption1 the size of the papules1 often its limitation to certain parts1 its course and the entire or comparative absence of itching4 ,it resembles urticaria at times1 but the lesions of this latter disease are evanescent1 disappearing and reappearing usually in the most capricious manner1 are commonly seated about the trunk1 and are exceedingly itchy4 ,in the vesicular and bullous types the acute character of the outbreak1 the often segmental and ring-like shape1 their frequent origin from erythematous papules1 and the distribution and association with the more common manifestations1 are always suggestive4 ,what prognosis would you give in erythema multiforme8 ,always favorable2 the eruption usually disappears in ten days to three weeks1 although in rare instances new crops may appear from day to day or week to week1 and the process last one or two months4 ,one or more recurrences in succeeding years are not uncommon4 ,those rare cases in which vesicular or bullous lesions are also seen on the lips and in the mouth1 are more prone to longer duration and to more frequent recurrences4 ,what remedies are commonly prescribed in erythema multiforme8 ,quinin1 and1 if constipation is present1 saline laxatives4 ,calcined magnesia is valuable as a laxative4 ,intestinal antiseptics1 such as salol1 thymol1 and sodium salicylate1 are valuable in cases probably due to intestinal toxins4 ,in those exceptional instances in which there may be associated febrile action and rheumatic swelling of the joints1 the patient should be kept in bed till these symptoms subside4 ,local applications are rarely required1 but in those exceptional cases in which itching or burning is present1 cooling lotions of alcohol and water or vinegar and water are to be prescribed4 ,the vesicular and bullous types demand mild protective applications1 such as used in eczema and pemphigus4 ,erythema ,nodosum4 7,synonym3 ,dermatitis contusiformis47 ,what is erythema nodosum8 ,erythema nodosum is an inflammatory affection1 of an acute type1 characterized by the formation of variously-sized1 roundish1 more or less elevated erythematous nodes4 ,is there any special region of predilection for the eruption of erythema nodosum8 ,yes4 ,the tibial surfaces1 to which the eruption is often limited2 not infrequently1 however1 other parts may be involved1 more especially the arms and forearms4 ,describe the symptoms of erythema nodosum4 ,the eruption makes its appearance suddenly1 and is usually ushered in with febrile disturbance1 gastric uneasiness1 malaise1 and rheumatic pains and swelling about the joints4 ,the lesions vary in size from a cherry to a hen's egg1 are rounded or ovalish1 tender and painful1 have a glistening and tense look1 and are of a bright red1 erysipelatous color which merges gradually into the sound skin4 ,at first they are somewhat hard1 but later they soften and appear as if about to break down1 but this1 however1 never occurs1 absorption invariably taking place4 ,in occasional instances they are hemorrhagic4 ,exceptionally the lesions of erythema multiforme are also present4 ,lymphangitis is sometimes observed4 ,in rare instances symptoms pointing to visceral involvement1 to cerebral invasion1 and to heart complications have been observed4 ,are the lesions in erythema nodosum usually numerous8 ,no4 ,as a rule not more than five to twenty nodes are present4 ,what is the course of erythema nodosum8 ,acute4 ,the disease terminating usually in one to three weeks4 ,as the lesions are disappearing they present the various changes of color observed in an ordinary bruise4 ,what is known in regard to the etiology8 ,the affection is closely allied to erythema multiforme1 and is1 indeed1 by some considered a form of that disease4 ,it occurs most frequently in children and young adults1 and usually in the spring and autumn months4 ,intestinal toxins are thought responsible in some cases4 ,digestive disturbance and rheumatic pain and swellings are often associated with it4 ,by many the malady is thought to be a specific infection4 ,what is the pathology of erythema nodosum8 ,the disease is to be viewed as an inflammatory oedema1 probably resulting1 in some instances at least1 from an inflammation of the lymphatics or an embolism of the cutaneous vessels4 ,what diseases may erythema nodosum resemble8 ,bruises1 abscesses1 and gummata4 ,how are the lesions of erythema nodosum to be distinguished from these several conditions8 ,by the bright red or rosy tint1 the apparently violent character of the process1 the number1 situation and course of the lesions4 ,state the prognosis of erythema nodosum4 ,favorable1 recovery usually taking place in ten days to several weeks4 ,state the treatment to be advised in erythema nodosum4 ,rest1 relative or absolute1 depending upon the severity of the case1 and an unstimulating diet2 internally intestinal antiseptics1 quinin and saline laxatives1 and locally applications of lead-water and laudanum4 ,erythema ,induratum4 7,synonym3 ,erythema induratum scrofulosorum47 ,what do you understand by erythema induratum8 ,a rare disease characterized in the beginning by one or more usually deep-seated nodules1 and1 as a rule1 seated in the legs1 especially the calf region4 ,the nodules gradually enlarge1 the skin becomes reddish1 violaceous or livid in color4 ,absorption may take place slowly1 or the indurations may break down1 resulting in an indolent1 rather deep-seated ulcer1 closely resembling a gummatous ulcer4 ,the disease is slow and persistent1 and is commonly met with in girls and young women1 usually of strumous type4 ,it suggests a tuberculous origin4 ,treatment consists in administration of cod-liver oil1 phosphorus and other tonics4 ,rest is of service4 ,locally antiseptic applications1 and support with roller bandage are to be advised4 ,urticaria4 7,synonyms3 ,hives2 ,nettlerash47 ,give a definition of urticaria4 ,urticaria is an inflammatory affection characterized by evanescent whitish1 pinkish or reddish elevations1 or wheals1 variable as to size and shape1 and attended by itching1 stinging or pricking sensations4 ,describe the symptoms of urticaria4 ,the eruption1 erythematous in character and consisting of isolated pea or bean-sized elevations or of linear streaks or irregular patches1 limited or more or less general1 and usually intensely itchy1 makes its appearance suddenly1 with or without symptoms of preceding gastric derangement4 ,the lesions are soft or firm1 reddish or pinkish-white1 with the peripheral portion of a bright red color1 and are fugacious in character1 disappearing and reappearing in the most capricious manner4 ,in many cases simply drawing the finger over the skin will bring out irregular and linear wheals4 ,in exceptional cases this peculiar property is so pronounced and constant that at any time letters and other symbols may be produced at will1 even when such subjects are free from the ordinary urticarial lesions 7urticaria factitia1 dermatographism1 autographism74 ,the mucous membrane of the mouth and throat may also be the seat of wheals and urticarial swellings4 ,what is the ordinary course of urticaria8 ,acute4 ,the disease is usually at an end in several hours or days4 ,does urticaria always pursue an acute course8 ,no4 ,in exceptional instances the disease is chronic1 in the sense that new lesions continue to appear and disappear irregularly from time to time for months or several years1 the skin rarely being entirely free 7chronic urticaria74 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,dermatographism4 7,after ,c4,n4 ,davis47 ,are subjective symptoms always present in urticaria8 ,yes4 ,itching is commonly a conspicuous symptom1 although at times pricking1 stinging or a feeling of burning constitutes the chief sensation4 ,in what way may the eruption be atypical8 ,exceptionally the wheals1 or lesions1 are peculiar as to formation1 or another condition or disease may be associated1 hence the varieties known as urticaria papulosa1 urticaria haemorrhagica1 urticaria tuberosa1 and urticaria bullosa4 ,describe urticaria papulosa4 ,urticaria papulosa 7formerly called lichen urticatus7 is a variety in which the lesions are small and papular1 developing usually out of the ordinary wheals4 ,they appear as a rule suddenly1 rarely in great numbers1 are scattered1 and after a few hours or1 more commonly1 days gradually disappear4 ,the itching is intense1 and in consequence their apices are excoriated4 ,sometimes the papules are capped with a small vesicle 7vesicular urticaria74 ,it is seen more particularly in ill-cared for and badly-nourished young children4 ,describe urticaria haemorrhagica4 ,urticaria haemorrhagica is characterized by lesions similar to ordinary wheals1 except that they are somewhat hemorrhagic1 partaking1 in fact1 of the nature of both urticaria and purpura4 ,describe urticaria tuberosa4 ,in urticaria tuberosa the lesions1 instead of being pea- or bean-sized1 as in typical urticaria1 are large and node-like 7also called giant urticaria74 ,what is acute-circumscribed oedema8 ,in rare instances there occurs1 along with the ordinary lesions of the disease or as its sole manifestation1 sudden and evanescent swelling of the eyelids1 ears1 lips1 tongue1 hands1 fingers1 or feet 7urticaria oedematosa1 acute circumscribed oedema1 angioneurotic oedema74 ,one or several of these parts only may be affected at the one attack2 in recurrences1 so usual in this variety1 the same or other parts may exhibit the manifestation4 7,these oedematous swellings occurring alone might be looked upon1 as they are by most observers1 as an independent affection1 but its close relationship to ordinary urticaria is often evident47 ,describe urticaria bullosa4 ,urticaria bullosa is a variety in which the inflammatory action has been sufficiently great to give rise to fluid exudation1 the wheals resulting in the formation of blebs4 ,what is the etiology of urticaria8 ,any irritation from disease1 functional or organic1 of any internal organ1 may give rise to the eruption in those predisposed4 ,gastric derangement from indigestible or peculiar articles of food1 intestinal toxins1 and the ingestion of certain drugs are often provocative4 ,the so-called shell-fish group of foods play an important etiological part in some cases4 ,idiosyncrasy to certain articles of food is also responsible in occasional instances4 ,various rheumatic and nervous disorders are not infrequently associated with it1 and are doubtless of etiological significance4 ,external irritants1 also1 in predisposed subjects1 are at times responsible4 ,what is the pathology of urticaria8 ,anatomically a wheal is seen to be a more or less firm elevation consisting of a circumscribed or somewhat diffused collection of semi-fluid material in the upper layers of the skin4 ,the vasomotor nervous system is probably the main factor in its production2 dilatation following spasm of the vessels results in effusion1 and in consequence1 the overfilled vessels of the central portion are emptied by pressure of the exudation and the central paleness results1 while the pressed-back blood gives rise to the bright red periphery4 ,from what diseases is urticaria to be differentiated8 ,from erythema simplex1 erythema multiforme1 erythema nodosum1 and erysipelas4 ,mention the diagnostic points of urticaria4 ,the acuteness1 character of the lesions1 their evanescent nature1 the irregular or general distribution1 and the intense itching4 ,what is the prognosis in urticaria8 ,the acute disease is usually of short duration1 disappearing spontaneously or as the result of treatment1 in several hours or days2 it may recur upon exposure to the exciting cause4 ,the prognosis of chronic urticaria is to be guarded1 and will depend upon the ability to discover and remove or modify the predisposing condition4 ,what systemic measures are to be prescribed in acute urticaria8 ,removal of the etiological factor is of first importance4 ,this will be found in most cases to be gastric disturbance from the ingestion of improper or indigestible food1 and in such cases a saline purgative is to be given1 probably the best for this purpose being the laxative antacid1 magnesia2 or if the case is severe and food is still in the stomach1 an emetic1 such as mustard or ipecac1 will act more promptly4 ,alkalies1 especially sodium salicylate1 and intestinal antiseptics are useful4 ,calcium chloride in doses of five to twenty grains should be tried in obstinate cases4 ,the diet should be1 for the time1 of a simple character4 ,what systemic measures are to be prescribed in chronic and recurrent urticaria8 ,the cause must be sought for and treatment directed toward its removal or modification4 ,treatment will1 therefore1 depend upon indications4 ,in obscure cases1 quinine1 sodium salicylate1 arsenic1 pilocarpine1 atropia1 potassium bromide1 calcium chloride1 and ichthyol are to be variously tried2 general galvanization is at times useful1 as is also a change of scene and climate4 ,a proper dietary and the maintenance of free action of the bowels1 preferably1 as a rule1 with a saline laxative1 is of great importance in these chronic cases4 ,in acute circumscribed oedema treatment is essentially that of urticaria1 the diet being given special attention4 ,what external applications would you advise for the relief of the subjective symptoms8 ,cooling lotions of alcohol and water or vinegar and water2 lotions of carbolic acid1 one to three drachms to the pint2 of thymol1 one-fourth to one drachm to the pint of alcohol and water2 of liquor carbonis detergens1 one to three ounces to the pint of water1 or the following3-- ,rx ,acidi carbolici1 444444444444444444444 dramj-dramiij ,acidi borici1 444444444444444444444444 dramiv ,glycerinae1 444444444444444444444444444 fdramj ,alcoholis1 444444444444444444444444444 f,ozij ,aquae1 44444444444444444444444444444444 f,ozxiv4 ,m4 ,alkaline baths are also useful1 and may advantageously be followed by dusting-powders of starch and zinc oxide4 ,urticaria ,pigmentosa4 7,synonym3 ,xanthelasmoidea47 ,describe urticaria pigmentosa4 ,urticaria pigmentosa is a rare disease1 variously viewed as an unusual form of urticaria and as an urticaria-like eruption in which there is an element of new growth in the lesions4 ,it begins usually in infancy or early childhood and continues for months or years1 and is characterized by slightly1 moderately1 or intensely itchy1 wheal-like elevations1 which are more or less persistent and leave yellowish1 orange-colored1 greenish or brownish stains4 ,exceptionally subjective symptoms are almost entirely absent4 ,anatomical studies show that the lesion has in some respects the structure of an ordinary wheal1 with oedema and pigment deposit in the epidermal portion1 and cellular infiltration made up principally of mast-cells4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,urticaria ,pigmentosa4 ,the nature of the disease is obscure and treatment unsatisfactory4 ,ordinarily as early youth or adult life is reached it spontaneously disappears4 ,the treatment advised is usually on the same lines as that of chronic urticaria4 ,dermatitis4 ,what is implied by the term dermatitis8 ,dermatitis1 or inflammation of the skin1 is a term employed to designate those cases of cutaneous disturbance1 usually acute in character1 which are due to the action of irritants4 ,mention some examples of cutaneous disturbance to which this term is applied4 ,the dermatic inflammation due to the action of excessive heat or cold1 to caustics and other chemical irritants1 and to the ingestion of certain drugs4 ,what several varieties are commonly described8 ,dermatitis traumatica1 dermatitis calorica1 dermatitis venenata1 and dermatitis medicamentosa4 ,describe dermatitis traumatica4 ,under this head are included all forms of cutaneous inflammation due to traumatism4 ,to the dermatologist the most common met with is that produced by the various animal parasites and from continued scratching2 in such1 if the cause has been long-continued and persistent1 a variable degree of inflammatory thickening of the skin and pigmentation result1 the latter not infrequently being more or less permanent4 ,the inflammation due to tight-fitting garments1 bandages1 to constant pressure 7as bed-sores71 etc41 also illustrates this class4 ,what is the treatment of dermatitis traumatica8 ,removal of the cause1 and1 if necessary1 the application of soothing ointments or lotions2 in bed-sores1 soap plaster1 plain or with one to five per cent4 of ichthyol4 ,what is dermatitis calorica8 ,cutaneous inflammation1 varying from a slight erythematous to a gangrenous character1 produced by excessive heat 7dermatitis ambustionis1 burns7 or cold 7dermatitis congelationis1 frostbite74 ,give the treatment of dermatitis calorica4 ,in burns1 if of a mild degree1 the application of sodium bicarbonate1 as a powder or saturated solution1 is useful2 in the more severe grade1 a two- to five-per-cent4 solution will probably be found of greater advantage4 ,other soothing applications may also be employed4 ,in recent years a one-per-cent4 solution of picric acid has been commended for the slighter burns of limited extent4 ,upon the whole1 there is nothing yet so generally useful and soothing in these cases as the so-called ,carron oil2 in some cases more valuable with #a_/b to #a minim of carbolic acid added to each ounce4 ,in frostbite1 seen immediately after exposure1 the parts are to be brought gradually back to a normal temperature1 at first by rubbing with snow or applying cold water4 ,subsequently1 in ordinary chilblains1 stimulating applications1 such as oil of turpentine1 balsam of ,peru1 tincture of iodine1 ichthyol1 and strongly carbolized ointments are of most benefit4 ,if the frostbite is of a vesicular1 pustular1 bullous1 or escharotic character1 the treatment consists in the application of soothing remedies1 such as are employed in other like inflammatory conditions4 ,what do you understand by dermatitis venenata8 ,all inflammatory conditions of the skin due to contact with deleterious substances such as caustic1 chemical irritants1 iodoform1 etc41 are included under this head1 but the most common causes are the rhus plants--poison ivy 7or poison oak7 and poison sumach 7poison dogwood74 ,mere proximity to these plants will1 in some individuals1 provoke cutaneous disturbance 7rhus poisoning1 ivy poisoning71 although they may be handled by others with impunity4 ,many other plants are also known to produce cutaneous irritation in certain subjects2 among these may be mentioned the nettle1 primrose1 cowhage1 smartweed1 balm of ,gilead1 oleander1 and rue4 ,the local action of iodoform 7iodoform dermatitis7 in some individuals is that of a decided irritant1 bringing about a dermatitis1 which often spreads much beyond the parts of application1 and which in those eczematously inclined may result in a veritable and persistent eczema4 ,describe the symptoms of rhus poisoning4 ,the symptoms appear usually soon after exposure1 and consist of an inflammatory condition of the skin of an eczematous nature1 varying in degree from an erythematous to a bullous character1 and with or without oedema and swelling4 ,as a rule1 marked itching and burning are present4 ,the face1 hands1 forearms and genitalia are favorite parts1 although it may in many instances involve a greater portion of the whole surface4 ,what is the course of rhus poisoning8 ,it runs an acute course1 terminating in recovery in one to six weeks4 ,in those eczematously inclined1 however1 it may result in a veritable and persistent form of that disease4 ,how would you treat rhus poisoning8 ,by soothing and astringent applications1 such as are employed in acute eczema 7q4 v471 which are to be used freely4 ,among the most valuable are3 a lotion of fluid extract of grindelia robusta1 one to two drachms to four ounces of water2 lotio nigra1 either alone or followed by the oxide-of-zinc ointment2 a saturated solution of boric acid1 with a half to two drachms of carbolic acid to the pint2 a lotion of zinc sulphate1 a half to four grains to the ounce2 weak alkaline lotions2 cold cream1 petrolatum1 and oxide-of-zinc ointments4 ,how would you treat the dermatitis due to other deleterious substances of this class8 ,by applications of a soothing and protective character1 similar to those used in eczema and burns4 ,dermatitis ,medicamentosa4 ,what do you understand by dermatitis medicamentosa8 ,under this head are included all eruptions due to the ingestion or absorption of certain drugs4 ,in rare instances one dose will have such effect2 commonly1 however1 it results only after several days' or weeks' continued administration4 ,with some drugs such effect is the rule1 with others it is exceptional1 nor are all individuals equally susceptible4 ,how is the eruption produced in dermatitis medicamentosa8 ,in some instances it is probably due to the elimination of the drug through the cutaneous structures2 in others1 to the action of the drug upon the nervous system4 ,the view that the drug acts as a toxin or generates some toxin or irritant material in the blood1 to which the eruptive phenomena may be due1 has also been advanced4 ,illustration3 ,dermatitis medicamentosa4 ,bullous dermatitis from iodide of potassium4 ,what is the character of the eruption in dermatitis medicamentosa8 ,it may be erythematous1 papular1 urticarial1 vesicular1 pustular or bullous1 and1 if the administration of the drug is continued1 even gangrenous4 ,name the more common drugs having such action4 ,antipyrin1 arsenic1 atropia 7or belladonna71 bromides1 chloral1 copaiba1 cubebs1 digitalis1 iodides1 mercury1 opium 7or morphia71 quinine1 salicylic acid1 stramonium1 acetanilid1 sulphonal1 phenacetin1 turpentine1 many of the new coal-tar derivatives1 etc4 ,state frequency and types of eruption due to the ingestion of antipyrin4 ,not uncommon4 ,erythematous1 morbilliform and erythemato-papular2 itching is usually present and moderate desquamation may follow4 ,acetanilid1 sulphonal1 phenacetin1 and other drugs of this class may provoke like eruptions4 ,mention frequency and types of eruption due to the ingestion of arsenic4 ,rare4 ,erythematous1 erythemato-papular2 exceptionally1 herpetic1 and pigmentary4 ,herpes zoster has been thought to follow its use4 ,keratosis of the palms and soles has also been occasionally observed1 which1 in rare instances1 has developed into epithelioma4 ,mention frequency and types of eruption due to the ingestion of atropia 7or belladonna74 ,not uncommon4 ,erythematous and scarlatinoid2 usually no febrile disturbance1 and desquamation seldom follows4 ,give frequency and types of cutaneous disturbance following the administration of the bromides 7bromine74 ,common4 ,pustular1 sometimes furuncular and carbuncular and superficially ulcerative4 ,in exceptional instances papillomatous or vegetating lesions have been observed4 ,co-administration of arsenic or potassium bitartrate is thought to have a preventive influence in some cases4 ,state frequency and types of cutaneous disturbance due to the administration of chloral4 ,occasional4 ,scarlatinoid and urticarial1 and exceptionally purpuric2 in rare instances1 if drug is continued1 eruption becomes vesicular1 hemorrhagic1 ulcerative and even gangrenous4 ,state frequency and types of eruption following the administration of copaiba4 ,not uncommon4 ,urticarial1 erythemato-papular and scarlatinoid4 ,mention frequency and types of eruption resulting from the ingestion of cubebs4 ,uncommon4 ,erythematous and small papular4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,a somewhat rare form of eruption from the ingestion of iodine compounds4 7,after ,j4,c4 ,mc,guire47 ,mention frequency and types of eruption resulting from the administration of digitalis4 ,exceptional4 ,scarlatinoid and papular4 ,state frequency and types of eruption resulting from the iodides 7iodine74 ,common4 ,pustular1 but may be erythematous1 papular1 vesicular1 bullous1 tuberous1 purpuric and hemorrhagic4 ,co-administration of arsenic or potassium bitartrate is thought to have a preventive influence in some cases4 ,give the frequency and types of eruption observed to follow the administration of mercury4 ,exceptional4 ,erythematous and erysipelatous4 ,give the frequency and types of the cutaneous disturbance following the ingestion of opium 7or morphia74 ,not uncommon4 ,erythematous and scarlatinoid1 and sometimes urticarial4 ,mention the frequency and the types of eruption following the administration of quinine4 ,not infrequent4 ,usually erythematous1 but may be urticarial1 erythemato-papular1 and even purpuric4 ,there is1 in some instances1 preceding or accompanying systemic disturbance4 ,furfuraceous or lamellar desquamation often follows4 ,state frequency and types of eruption resulting from the ingestion of salicylic acid4 ,not common4 ,erythematous and urticarial2 exceptionally1 vesicular1 pustular1 bullous1 and ecchymotic4 ,give frequency and type of cutaneous disturbance due to the administration of stramonium4 ,not common4 ,erythematous4 ,state frequency and types of eruption resulting from the administration of turpentine4 ,not uncommon4 ,erythematous1 and small-papular2 exceptionally vesicular4 ,x-,ray ,dermatitis4 ,what several grades of x-ray dermatitis 7x-ray burns1 ,rontgen-ray burns7 are observed8 ,three grades are usually described3 erythema1 superficial vesication1 and necrosis4 ,the first and second may come on shortly--a few hours to several days--after exposure2 occasionally later4 ,the third grade may present also in the first several days1 but in many cases one to several weeks may elapse before it appears2 it is quite commonly preceded by erythema and vesication4 ,the necrosis may be superficial or deep1 and quite usually results in a persistent ulcer covered by a leathery coating2 it is usually painful4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ae4 x-ray burn ,give the prognosis and treatment of x-ray dermatitis4 ,the first grade--the erythematous--usually disappears in one to ten days2 the second grade requires one to several weeks1 and may be quite sore and tender2 the severe or necrotic burns are persistent1 sometimes lasting for months and several years1 with little tendency to spontaneous disappearance1 and rebellious to treatment4 ,treatment of the milder types is that of erythema 7q4 v472 the necrotic type occasionally demands thorough curetting and skin-grafting before it will heal4 ,dermatitis ,factitia4 7,synonym3 ,feigned ,eruptions47 ,what do you understand by feigned eruptions8 ,feigned1 or artificial1 eruptions1 occasionally met with in hysterical females and in others1 are produced1 for the purpose of exciting sympathy or of deception1 by the action of friction1 cantharides1 acids or strong alkalies2 the cutaneous disturbance may1 therefore1 be erythematous1 vesicular1 bullous1 or gangrenous4 ,it is usually limited in extent1 and1 as a rule1 seen only on parts easily reached by the hands4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,dermatitis ,factitia--note the unusually uniform and regular character and arrangement of the lesions4 ,dermatitis ,gangraenosa4 ,what do you understand by dermatitis gangraenosa8 ,dermatitis gangraenosa 7erythema gangraenosum1 ,raynaud's disease1 spontaneous gangrene7 is an exceedingly rare affection1 characterized by the formation of gangrenous spots and patches4 ,it may be idiopathic or symptomatic4 ,some of these cases1 especially in hysterical subjects1 belong under the feigned eruptions1 being self-produced4 ,as an idiopathic disease1 it begins as erythematous1 dark-red spots--usually preceded and accompanied by mild or grave systemic disturbance--which gradually pass into gangrene and sloughing2 the eventual termination may be fatal1 or recovery may take place4 ,as a symptomatic disease1 it is occasionally met with in diabetes and in grave cerebral and spinal affections4 ,in ,raynaud's disease 7symmetric gangrene7 the parts affected are the extremities1 such as fingers and toes1 the ears and nose1 only occasionally other parts4 ,the first symptoms observed are coldness and paleness of the part2 followed sooner or later by congestion of a dark red1 livid1 or bluish color1 with sometimes swelling1 and tenderness and shooting pains4 ,the termination is usually in gangrene of a dry character1 with1 in some instances1 vesicles and blebs along the edges2 in other cases the parts become atrophied1 withered1 and indurated4 ,treatment is based upon general principles4 ,erysipelas4 ,what is erysipelas8 ,erysipelas is an acute specific inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue1 commonly of the face1 characterized by shining redness1 swelling1 oedema1 heat1 and a tendency in some cases to vesicle- and bleb-formation1 and accompanied by more or less febrile disturbance4 ,describe the symptoms and course of erysipelas4 ,a decided rigor or a feeling of chilliness followed by febrile action usually ushers in the cutaneous disturbance4 ,the skin at a certain point or part1 commonly where there is a lesion of continuity1 becomes bright red and swollen2 this spreads by peripheral extension1 and in the course of several hours involves a portion or the whole region4 ,the parts are shining red1 swollen1 of an elevated temperature1 and sharply defined against the sound skin4 ,after several days or a week1 during which time there is usually continued mild or severe febrile action1 the process begins to subside1 and is followed by epidermic desquamation4 ,in some cases vesicles and blebs may be present2 in other cases the disease seriously involves the deeper parts1 and is accompanied by grave constitutional symptoms4 ,in exceptional instances sloughing takes place4 ,a mild1 transitory1 limited1 and often recurrent erysipelatous condition of the outlet and immediate neighborhood of one or both nostrils is met with1 taking its origin from an inflammation of the hair-follicles just inside the margin of the nose2 constitutional symptoms are usually wanting4 ,somewhat similar1 doubtless1 is the erysipelatous inflammation 7erysipeloid7 observed on the fingers and hands of butchers1 etc41 starting from a wound1 apparently as a result of infection from putrid meat or fish4 ,what is erysipelas migrans 7or erysipelas ambulans78 ,a variety of erysipelas which1 after a few hours or days1 disappears at one region and appears at another1 and so continues for one or several weeks4 ,what is the cause of erysipelas8 ,the disease is due to a specific streptococcus--the streptococcus of ,fehleisen4 ,depression of the vital forces and local abrasions are predisposing factors4 ,state the diagnostic points4 ,the character of the onset1 the shining redness and swelling1 the sharply-defined border1 and the accompanying febrile disturbance4 ,what is the prognosis in erysipelas8 ,in most instances the disease runs a favorable course1 terminating in recovery in one to three weeks4 ,exceptionally1 in severe cases1 a fatal termination ensues4 ,what is the treatment of erysipelas8 ,internally1 a purge1 followed by the tincture of the chloride of iron and quinia1 and stimulants if needed4 ,locally1 one to three per cent4 carbolic-acid lotion or ointment1 a saturated solution of boric acid1 or a ten- to twenty-per-cent4 aqueous solution or ointment of ichthyol may be employed4 ,in some cases the spread of the disease is apparently controlled by painting the bordering healthy skin with a ring of tincture of iodine or strong solution of nitrate of silver4 ,phlegmona ,diffusa4 ,what do you understand by phlegmona diffusa8 ,phlegmona diffusa is a more or less extensive inflammation of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues presenting symptoms partaking of the nature of both deep erysipelas and flat carbuncles1 and usually attended with varying constitutional disturbance4 ,suppuration at several points takes place1 and sloughing may ensue4 ,recovery usually finally results1 but a fatal issue is possible4 ,treatment is based upon general principles4 ,furunculus4 7,synonyms3 ,furuncle2 ,boil47 ,define furunculus4 ,furunculus1 or boil1 is an acute1 deep-seated1 inflammatory1 circumscribed1 rounded or more or less acuminated1 firm1 painful formation1 usually terminating in central suppuration4 ,describe the symptoms and course4 ,a boil begins as a small1 rounded or imperfectly defined reddish spot1 or as a small1 superficial pustule2 it increases in size1 and when well advanced appears as a pea or cherry-sized1 circumscribed1 reddish elevation1 with more or less surrounding hyperaemia and swelling2 it is painful and tender1 and ends1 in the course of several days or a week1 in the formation of a central slough or core1 which finally involves the central overlying skin 7pointing74 ,one or several may be present1 gradually maturing and disappearing4 ,insignificant scarring may remain4 ,in some cases sympathetic constitutional disturbance is noticed4 ,what is a blind boil8 ,a sluggish boil exhibiting little1 if any1 tendency to point or break4 ,what is furunculosis8 ,furunculosis is that condition in which boils1 singly or in crops1 continue to appear1 irregularly1 for weeks or months4 ,state the etiology of furuncle4 ,a depraved state of the general health is often to be considered as a predisposing factor4 ,persistent furunculosis is not infrequent in diabetes mellitus4 ,the immediate exciting cause is the entrance into the follicle of a microbe1 the staphylococcus pyogenes aureus4 ,it is not improbable1 however1 that boils may also be due to other pus-producing organisms4 ,workmen in paraffin oils or other petroleum products often present numerous furuncles and cutaneous abscesses4 ,conditions favoring a persistent miliaria have also a causative influence1 especially observed in infants and young children4 ,in these latter1 especially among the poorer classes1 sluggish boils or subcutaneous abscesses about the scalp in hot weather1 are not at all infrequent4 ,what is the pathology of furuncle8 ,a boil is an inflammatory formation having its starting point in a sebaceous-gland1 sweat-gland1 or hair-follicle4 ,the core1 or central slough1 is composed of pus and of the tissue of the gland in which it had its origin4 ,how would you distinguish a boil from a carbuncle8 ,a boil is comparatively small1 rounded or acuminate1 and has but one point of suppuration2 a carbuncle is large1 flattened1 intensely painful1 often with grave systemic disturbance1 and has1 moreover1 several centres of suppuration4 ,state the prognosis4 ,when occurring in crops 7furunculosis7 the affection is often rebellious2 recovery1 however1 finally resulting4 ,what is the method of treatment of furunculus8 ,if there be but one lesion1 with no tendency to the appearance of others1 local treatment alone is usually employed4 ,if1 however1 several or more are present1 or if there is a tendency to successive development1 both constitutional and local measures are demanded4 ,name the internal remedies employed4 ,such nutrients and tonics as cod-liver oil1 malt1 quinine1 strychnia1 iron and arsenic2 in some instances calx sulphurata1 one-tenth- to one-fourth-grain doses every three or four hours has been thought to be of service4 ,brewers' yeast has been recently again brought forward as a remedy of value4 ,what is the external treatment8 ,local treatment consists in the beginning1 with the hope of aborting the lesion1 of the application of carbolic acid to the central portion1 or the use of a twenty-five-per-cent4 ointment of ichthyol applied as a plaster3-- ,rx ,ichthyol1 4444444444444444444444444444 dramj ,emp4 plumbi1 444444444444444444444444444 dramij ,emp4 resinae1 444444444444444444444444444 dramj4 ,m4 ,or the injection of a five-per-cent4 solution of carbolic acid into the apex of the boil may be tried if the formation is more advanced4 ,if suppuration is fully established1 evacuation of the contents1 followed by antiseptic applications1 constitutes the best method4 ,a saturated solution of boric acid or a lotion of corrosive sublimate 7one to three grains to the ounce7 applied to the immediate neighborhood of the boil or boils tends to prevent the formation of new lesions4 ,frequent washing of the parts with soap and water or tincture of green soap and water is also a preventive measure of value4 ,in repeatedly infected areas1 mild exposures to x-rays1 at intervals of a few days1 will often prove of curative value4 ,carbunculus4 7,synonyms3 ,anthrax2 ,carbuncle47 ,what is carbuncle8 ,a carbuncle is an acute1 usually egg to palm-sized1 circumscribed1 phlegmonous inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous structures1 terminating in a slough4 ,at what age and upon what parts is carbuncle usually observed8 ,in middle and advanced life1 and more commonly in men4 ,it is seen most frequently at the nape of the neck and upon the upper part of the back4 ,what are the symptoms and course of carbuncle8 ,there is rarely more than one lesion present4 ,it begins1 usually with preceding and accompanying malaise1 chilliness and febrile disturbance1 as a firm1 flat1 inflammatory infiltration in the deeper skin and subcutaneous tissue1 spreading laterally and finally involving an area of one to several inches in diameter4 ,the infiltration and swelling increase1 the skin becomes of dark red color1 and sooner or later1 usually at the end of ten days or two weeks1 softening and suppuration begin to take place1 the skin finally giving away at several points1 through which sanious pus exudes2 the whole mass finally sloughs away either in portions or in its entirety1 resulting in a deep ulcer1 which slowly heals and leaves a permanent cicatrix4 ,in some cases1 especially in old people1 constitutional disturbance of a grave character is noted1 septicaemia is developed1 and a fatal result may ensue4 ,what is the cause of carbuncle8 ,the same causes are considered to be operative in carbunculus as in furuncle2 general debility and depression1 from whatever cause1 predisposing to its formation1 and the introduction of a microbe1 probably the same as in furunculus1 being at present looked upon as the exciting factor4 ,what is the pathology8 ,the inflammation starts simultaneously from numerous points1 from the hair-follicles1 sweat-glands or sebaceous glands4 ,the inflammatory centres break down1 and the pus finds its way to the surface2 finally the process ends in gangrene of the whole area4 ,how would you distinguish carbuncle from a boil8 ,by its flat character1 greater size1 and multiple points of suppuration4 ,what is the prognosis of carbuncle8 ,occurring in those greatly debilitated or in late life1 and in those cases in which two or more lesions exist1 or when seated about the head1 the prognosis is always to be guarded1 as a fatal result is not uncommon4 ,in fact1 in every instance the disease is to be considered of possible serious import4 ,what constitutional treatment is usually employed in carbuncle8 ,a full nutritious diet1 the use of such remedies as iron1 quinia1 nux vomica1 with malt and stimulants1 if indicated4 ,calx sulphurata1 one-tenth to one-fourth grain every two or three hours1 appears1 in some instances1 to have a beneficial effect4 ,if the pain is severe1 morphia or chloral should be given4 ,what external measures are employed8 ,in the early part of the formation1 injection of a five or ten per cent4 carbolic acid solution1 or covering the whole area with a twenty-five per cent4 ichthyol ointment1 may be employed4 ,when it has broken down the pus may be drawn out with a cupping-glass1 and carbolized glycerine or carbolized water introduced into each opening1 and the ichthyol ointment superimposed4 ,if the whole part has sloughed1 it should be removed as rapidly as possible1 and antiseptic dressings used4 ,or1 if its progress is slow1 and grave systemic disturbance be present1 the whole part may be incised and curetted1 and then treated antiseptically4 ,mild exposure to the x-rays is also to be commended4 ,pustula ,maligna4 7,synonyms3 ,anthrax2 ,malignant ,pustule47 ,what is malignant pustule8 ,malignant pustule is a furuncle- or carbuncle-like lesion resulting from inoculation of the virus generated in animals suffering from splenic fever1 or charbon1 and is accompanied by constitutional symptoms of more or less gravity4 ,a fatal termination is not unusual4 ,what is the cause of pustula maligna8 ,the disease is due to the presence of the bacillus anthracis4 ,what is the treatment of malignant pustule8 ,early excision or destruction with caustic potash1 with subsequent antiseptic dressings2 and internally the free use of stimulants and tonics4 ,post-mortem ,pustule4 7,synonym3 ,dissection ,wound47 ,describe post-mortem pustule4 ,post-mortem pustule develops at the point of inoculation1 beginning as an itchy red spot1 becoming vesico-pustular1 and later pustular1 with usually a broad inflammatory base1 and accompanied with more or less pain and redness and not infrequently lymphangitis1 erysipelatous swelling1 and slight or severe sympathetic constitutional disturbance4 ,what is the treatment of post-mortem pustule8 ,treatment consists in opening the pustule and thorough cauterization1 and the subsequent use of antiseptic applications or dressings4 ,internally quinia and stimulants if indicated4 ,framboesia4 7,synonyms3 ,yaws2 ,pian47 ,describe framboesia4 ,framboesia is an endemic1 contagious disease met with in tropical countries1 characterized by the appearance of variously-sized papules1 tubercles1 and tumors1 which1 when developed1 resemble currants and small raspberries1 and finally break down and ulcerate4 ,it is accompanied by constitutional symptoms of variable severity4 ,hygienic measures1 good food1 tonics1 and antiseptic and stimulating applications are curative4 ,verruga ,peruana4 7,synonyms3 ,peruvian ,warts2 ,carrion's ,disease2 ,oroya ,fever47 ,describe verruga peruana4 ,a specific inoculable affection endemic in some valleys of the ,western ,andes1 in ,peru1 and characterized by a prodromal febrile period and subsequent outbreak of peculiar pin-head- to pea-sized1 or larger1 bright reddish1 rounded1 wart-like elevations4 ,the prodromal symptoms1 of an irregular malarial or typhoid type1 with associated rheumatic and muscular pains1 may last for weeks or several months1 usually abating when eruption presents4 ,the lesions may be crowded together in great bunches4 ,the face and limbs are favorite localities4 ,the disease is inoculable and thought to be due to a bacillus4 ,the fatality varies between #aj and #bj per cent4 ,tonics and stimulants are prescribed4 ,equinia4 7,synonyms3 ,farcy2 ,glanders47 ,what is equinia1 or glanders8 ,a rare contagious specific disease of a malignant type1 derived from the horse1 and characterized by grave constitutional symptoms1 inflammation of the nasal and respiratory passages1 and a deep-seated papulo-pustular1 or tubercular1 nodular 7farcy buds71 ulcerative eruption4 ,a fatal issue is not uncommon4 ,it is due to a micro-organism4 ,treatment1 both local and constitutional1 is based upon general principles4 ,miliaria4 7,synonyms3 ,prickly ,heat2 ,heat ,rash2 ,lichen ,tropicus2 ,red ,gum2 ,strophulus47 ,what do you understand by miliaria8 ,an acute mildly inflammatory disorder of the sweat-glands1 characterized by the appearance of minute1 discrete but closely crowded papules1 vesico-papules1 and vesicles4 ,describe the symptoms of miliaria4 ,the eruption1 consisting of pin-point to millet-seed-sized papules1 vesico-papules1 vesicles1 or a mixture of these lesions1 discrete but usually numerous and closely crowded1 appears suddenly1 occurring upon a limited portion of the surface1 or1 as commonly observed1 involving a greater part or the whole integument4 ,the trunk is a favorite locality4 ,the papular lesions are pinkish or reddish1 and the vesicles whitish or yellowish1 surrounded by inflammatory areola1 thus giving the whole eruption a bright red appearance--miliaria rubra4 ,later1 the areolae fade1 the transparent contents of the vesicles become somewhat opaque and yellowish-white1 and the eruption has a whitish or yellowish cast--miliaria alba4 ,in long-continued cases1 especially in children1 boils and cutaneous abscesses sometimes develop2 and it may also develop into a true eczema4 ,itching1 or a feeling of burning1 slight or intense1 is usually present4 ,what is the course of the eruption8 ,the vesicles show no disposition to rupture1 but dry up in a few days or a week1 disappearing by absorption and with slight subsequent desquamation2 the papular lesions gradually fade away1 and the affection1 if the exciting cause has ceased to act1 terminates4 ,what is the cause of miliaria8 ,excessive heat4 ,debilitated individuals1 especially children1 are more prone to an attack4 ,being too warmly clad is often causative4 ,what is the nature of the disease8 ,the affection is considered to be due to sweat-obstruction1 with mild inflammatory symptoms as a cause or consequence1 congestion and exudation taking place about the ducts1 giving rise to papules or vesicles1 according to the intensity of the process4 ,how would you distinguish miliaria from papular and vesicular eczema1 and from sudamen8 ,the papules of eczema are larger1 more elevated1 firmer1 slower in their evolution1 of longer duration1 and are markedly itchy4 ,the vesicles of eczema are usually larger1 tend to become confluent1 and also to rupture and become crusted2 there is marked itchiness1 and the inflammatory action is usually severe and persistent4 ,in sudamen there is absence of inflammatory symptoms4 ,what is the prognosis of miliaria8 ,the affection1 under favorable circumstances1 disappears in a few days or weeks4 ,if the cause persists1 as for instance1 in infants or young children too warmly clad1 it may result in eczema4 ,what is the treatment of miliaria8 ,removal of the cause1 and in debilitated subjects the administration of tonics2 together with the application of cooling and astringent lotions1 as the following3-- ,rx ,aeidi carbolici1 444444444444444444444 dramss-dramj ,acidi borici1 444444444444444444444444 dramiv ,glycerinae1 444444444444444444444444444 fdramj ,alcoholis1 444444444444444444444444444 f,ozij ,aquae1 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,ozxiv4 ,m4 ,this is sometimes more efficient if zinc oxide1 six to eight drachms1 is added4 ,lotions of alcohol and water or vinegar and water1 and also the various lotions used in acute eczema1 are often employed with relief4 ,dusting-powders of starch1 boric acid1 lycopodium1 talc1 and zinc oxide are also valuable2 the following combination is satisfactory3-- ,rx ,pulv4 acidi borici1 ,pulv4 talci veneti1 ,pulv4 zinci oxidi1 ,pulv4 amyli1 4444444444444aa44444dramij4 ,m4 ,probably the best plan is to use a lotion and a dusting-powder conjointly2 dabbing on the wash freely1 allowing it to dry1 and then dusting over with the powder4 ,pompholyx4 7,synonyms3 ,dysidrosis2 ,cheiro-pompholyx47 ,what is pompholyx8 ,pompholyx is a rare disease of the skin of a vesicular and bullous character1 and limited to the hands and feet4 ,describe the symptoms of pompholyx4 ,in most instances the hands only are affected4 ,it begins usually with a feeling of burning1 tingling or tenderness of the parts1 followed rapidly by the appearance of deeply-seated vesicles1 especially between the fingers and on the palmar aspect4 ,these beginning lesions look not unlike sago grains imbedded in the skin4 ,in some instances the disease does not extend beyond this stage1 the vesicles disappearing after a few days or weeks by absorption1 and usually without desquamation4 ,ordinarily1 however1 the lesions increase in size1 new ones arise1 become confluent1 and blebs result1 the skin in places appearing as if undermined with serous exudation4 ,the parts are commonly inflamed to a slight or marked degree4 ,the skin comes off in flakes1 new lesions may appear for several days or two or three weeks1 and the process then declines1 recovery gradually taking place4 ,there are no constitutional symptoms1 although it is usually noticed that the general health is below par4 ,what is the character of the subjective symptoms in pompholyx8 ,the subjective symptoms consist of a feeling of tension1 burning and tenderness1 and sometimes itching4 ,not infrequently1 also there is neuralgic pain4 ,what is the cause of pompholyx8 ,the eruption is thought to be due to a depressed state of the nervous system4 ,it is more common in women1 and is met with chiefly in adult and middle life4 ,what is the pathology8 ,opinion is divided2 some considering it a disease of the sweat-glands and others an inflammatory disease independent of these structures4 ,state the diagnostic features of pompholyx4 ,the distribution and the peculiar characters and course of the eruption4 ,it is to be differentiated from eczema4 ,what is the prognosis8 ,for the immediate attack1 favorable1 recovery taking place in several weeks or a few months4 ,recurrences at irregular intervals are not uncommon4 ,what is the treatment of pompholyx8 ,the general health is to be looked after1 and the patient placed under good hygienic conditions4 ,remedies of a tonic nature1 directed especially toward improving the state of the nervous system1 are to be prescribed4 ,locally1 soothing and anodyne applications1 such as lead-water and laudanum1 boric-acid lotion1 oxide-of-zinc1 boric-acid and diachylon ointments1 are most suitable2 or the parts may be enveloped with the following3-- ,rx ,pulv4 ac4 salicylici1 4444444444444444 gr4 x ,pulv4 ac4 borici1 ,pulv4 amyli1 4444444444 aa 44444 dramij ,petrolati1 444444444444444444444444444 dramiv4 ,m4 ,in fact1 the external treatment is similar to that employed in acute eczema4 ,herpes ,simplex4 7,synonym3 ,fever ,blisters47 ,what is herpes simplex8 ,an acute inflammatory disease1 characterized by the formation of pin-head to pea-sized vesicles1 arranged in groups1 and occurring for the most part about the face and genitalia4 ,describe the symptoms of herpes simplex4 ,in severe cases1 malaise and pyrexia may precede the eruption1 but usually it appears without any precursory or constitutional symptoms4 ,a feeling of heat and burning in the parts is often complained of4 ,the vesicles1 which are commonly pin-head in size1 are usually upon a hyperaemic or inflammatory base1 and tend to occur in groups or clusters4 ,their contents are usually clear1 subsequently becoming more or less milky or puriform4 ,there is no tendency to spontaneous rupture1 but should they be broken a superficial excoriation results4 ,in a short time they dry to crusts which soon fall off1 leaving no permanent trace4 ,is the eruption in herpes simplex abundant8 ,no4 ,as a rule not more than one or two clusters or groups are observed4 ,upon what parts does the eruption occur8 ,usually about the face 7herpes facialis71 and most frequently about the lips 7herpes labialis72 on the genitalia 7herpes progenitalis71 the lesions are commonly found on the prepuce 7herpes praeputialis7 in the male1 and on the labia minora and labia majora in the female4 ,state the causes of herpes simplex4 ,herpes facialis is often observed in association with colds and febrile and lung diseases4 ,malaria1 digestive disturbance1 and nervous disorders are not infrequently predisposing factors4 ,herpes progenitalis is said to occur more frequently in those who have previously had some venereal disease1 especially gonorrhoea1 but this is questionable4 ,it is probably often purely neurotic4 ,what are the diagnostic points8 ,the appearance of one or several vesicular groups or clusters about the face1 and especially about the lips1 is usually sufficiently characteristic4 ,the same holds true ordinarily when the eruption is seen on the prepuce or other parts of the genitalia2 it is only when the vesicles become rubbed or abraded and irritated that it might be mistaken for a venereal sore1 but the history1 course and duration will usually serve to differentiate4 ,give the prognosis4 ,the eruption will usually disappear in several days or one or two weeks without treatment4 ,remedial applications1 however1 exert a favorable influence4 ,herpes progenitalis exhibits a strong disposition to recurrence4 ,what is the treatment of herpes facialis8 ,anointing the parts with camphorated cold cream1 with spirits of camphor or similar evaporating and stimulating applications will at times afford relief to the burning1 and shorten the course4 ,what is the treatment of herpes progenitalis8 ,in herpes about the genitalia cleanliness is of first importance4 ,a saturated solution of boric acid1 a dusting-powder of calomel or oxide of zinc1 and the following lotion1 containing calamine and oxide of zinc1 are valuable3-- ,rx ,zinci oxidi1 ,calaminae1 4444444444 aa 44444444 gr4 v ,glycerinae1 ,alcoholis1 444444444 aa 44444444 minimvj ,aquae1 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,ozj ,m4 ,in obstinate recurrent cases1 frequent applications of a mild galvanic current will have a favorable influence4 ,hydroa ,vacciniforme4 7,synonyms3 ,recurrent ,summer ,eruption2 ,hydroa ,puerorum2 ,hydroa ,aestivale47 ,describe hydroa vacciniforme4 ,it is a rare vesicular disease usually seen in boys 7only two or three exceptions71 occurring upon uncovered parts1 especially the nose1 cheeks1 and ears4 ,the lesions begin as red spots1 discrete or in groups1 rapidly exhibit vesiculation1 and later umbilication2 the contents become milky1 dry to crusts1 which fall off and leave small pit-like scars4 ,fresh outbreaks may take place almost continuously1 and the process go on indefinitely1 at least up to youth or manhood1 when the tendency subsides4 ,its activity is usually limited to the warm season4 ,arthritic symptoms and general disturbance are sometimes noted in severe cases4 ,it is doubtless a vasomotor neurosis4 ,exposure to sun and wind is an important1 if not essential1 etiological factor4 ,primarily the lesion begins in the rete middle layers1 and is purely vesicular in character2 later1 necrosis of the rete and extending deep in the corium is observed4 ,treatment so far has only been palliative1 consisting of the applications employed in similar conditions4 ,constitutional medication is based upon general principles4 ,the patient should avoid exposure to the sun1 strong wind and excessive artificial heat4 ,epidermolysis ,bullosa4 ,describe epidermolysis bullosa4 ,this is a rare1 usually hereditary1 disease or condition1 characterized by the formation of vesicles and blebs on any part subjected to slight rubbing or irritation4 ,no scarring is left1 and no pigmentation noted4 ,the predisposition to these lesions persists indefinitely4 ,the general health is not involved4 ,the nature of the disease is obscure4 ,treatment has no influence in modifying or lessening this tendency4 ,the vulnerable parts should so far as possible be protected from knocks and undue friction4 ,dermatitis ,repens4 ,what do you understand by dermatitis repens8 ,it is a rare spreading dermatitis starting from an injury1 extending by a serous undermining of the epidermis1 and usually occurring upon the upper extremities4 ,it usually begins shortly after an injury1 and1 as a rule1 presents itself by redness and serous exudation4 ,the overlying epidermis breaks1 and the area of disease gradually progresses by an extension of the serous undermining process1 the denuded part looking red and raw1 with usually an oozing surface4 ,as the disease spreads the oldest part becomes dry and heals1 the new epidermal covering being thin and atrophic in appearance4 ,its most usual beginning is on some part of the hand1 and from here it may spread up the arm and involve considerable area4 ,the injury from which it starts may be extremely insignificant1 apparently affording an opening for the introduction of the causative factor1 doubtless parasitic4 ,beyond a feeling of soreness there seem to be no special subjective symptoms4 ,give the prognosis and treatment4 ,the malady shows but little tendency to spontaneous cure4 ,the frequent or constant application of a mild antiseptic lotion1 such as boric acid and resorcin1 or of a mild parasiticide ointment will generally bring the disease gradually to an end4 ,herpes ,zoster4 7,synonyms3 ,zoster2 ,zona2 ,shingles47 ,give a definition of herpes zoster4 ,herpes zoster is an acute1 self-limited1 inflammatory disease1 characterized by groups of vesicles upon inflammatory bases1 situated over or along a nerve tract4 ,upon what parts of the body may the eruption appear8 ,it may appear upon any part1 following the course of a nerve2 it is therefore always limited in extent1 and confined to one side of the body4 ,it is probably most common about the intercostal1 lumbar and supra-orbital regions4 ,in rare instances the eruption has been observed to be bilateral4 ,are there any subjective or constitutional symptoms8 ,yes2 there is1 as a rule1 neuralgic pain preceding1 during and following the eruption2 and in some cases1 also1 there may be in the beginning mild febrile disturbance4 ,there is also a variable degree of tenderness and pain4 ,what are the characters of the eruption8 ,several or more hyperaemic or inflammatory patches over a nerve course appear1 upon which are seated vesico-papules irregularly grouped2 these vesico-papules become distinct vesicles1 of size from a pin-head to a pea1 and soon dry and give rise to thin1 yellowish or brownish crusts1 which drop off1 leaving in most instances no permanent trace1 in others more or less scarring4 ,in some cases the lesions may become pustular and1 on the other hand1 the eruption may be abortive1 stopping short of full vesiculation4 ,what is known in regard to the nature of the disease8 ,an inflamed and irritable state of the spinal ganglia1 nerve tract1 or peripheral branches is directly responsible for the eruption1 and this state may be due to atmospheric changes1 cold1 nerve-injuries and similar influences4 ,the view has also been advanced that the disease is of specific and infectious character4 ,give the chief diagnostic features of herpes zoster4 ,the prodromic neuralgic pain1 the appearance of grouped vesicles upon inflammatory bases following the course of a nerve tract1 and the limitation of the eruption to one side of the body4 ,what is the prognosis8 ,favorable2 the symptoms usually disappearing in two to four weeks4 ,in some instances1 however1 the neuralgic pains may be persistent1 and in zoster of the supra-orbital region the eye may suffer permanent damage4 ,how would you treat herpes zoster8 ,constitutional treatment1 usually tonic in character1 is to be based upon general principles2 moderate doses of quinia1 with one-sixth grain of zinc phosphide1 four or five times daily1 appear in some cases to have a special value4 ,the accompanying neuralgic pain may be so intense as to require anodynes4 ,local treatment should be of a soothing and protective character4 ,a dusting-powder of oxide of zinc and starch 7to the ounce of which twenty to thirty grains of camphor may be added7 proves useful2 and over this1 in order that the parts be further protected1 a bandage or a layer of cotton batting4 ,oxide-of-zinc ointment1 and in those cases in which there is much pain1 ointments containing powdered opium or belladonna1 or orthoform1 may be used4 ,a mild galvanic current applied daily to the parts is often of great advantage1 both in its influence upon the course of the eruption and upon the neuralgic pain4 ,the plan1 so often advised1 of painting the parts with flexible collodion is not to be commended4 ,dermatitis ,herpetiformis4 7,synonyms3 ,hydroa ,herpetiforme 7,tilbury ,fox72 ,herpes ,gestationis 7,bulkley72 ,pemphigus ,prurigiuosus2 ,duhring's ,disease47 ,give a definition of dermatitis herpetiformis4 ,dermatitis herpetiformis is a somewhat rare inflammatory disease1 characterized by an eruption of an erythematous1 papular1 vesicular1 pustular1 bullous or mixed type1 with a decided disposition toward grouping1 accompanied by itching and burning sensations1 with1 as a rule1 more or less consequent pigmentation1 and pursuing usually a chronic course with remissions4 ,describe the erythematous type of dermatitis herpetiformis4 ,the character of the eruption in the erythematous type resembles closely that of erythema multiforme and of urticaria1 especially the former4 ,the efflorescences usually make their appearance in crops1 and are more or less persistent2 fading sooner or later1 however1 and giving place to new outbreaks4 ,vesicles are often intermingled1 developing from erythematous and erythemato-papular lesions or arising from apparently normal skin4 ,it may continue in the same type1 or change to the vesicular1 bullous or other variety4 ,describe the papular type of dermatitis herpetiformis4 ,this is rarely seen as consisting purely of papular lesions1 but is commonly associated with the erythematous and vesicular varieties4 ,in a measure it resembles the papular manifestations of erythema multiforme1 with a distinct disposition toward group formation4 ,the papules tend1 sooner or later1 to develop into vesicles1 new papular outbreaks occurring from time to time2 or the whole eruption changes to the vesicular or other type of the disease4 ,it is not a common type4 ,describe the vesicular type of dermatitis herpetiformis4 ,this is the common clinical type of the disease1 and is characterized by pin-head to pea-sized1 rounded or irregularly-shaped1 distended or flattened and stellate vesicles1 occurring1 for the most part1 in irregular and segmental groups of three or more lesions1 seated either upon apparently normal integument or upon hyperaemic or inflammatory skin4 ,they exhibit no tendency to spontaneous rupture1 but after remaining a shorter or longer time1 are broken or disappear by absorption4 ,the lesions tend to appear in crops4 ,it may1 as it not infrequently does1 continue in the same type1 or it may become more or less erythematous or bullous in character4 ,in not a few instances pustules1 few or in numbers1 are at times intermingled4 ,describe the pustular type of dermatitis herpetiformis4 ,this is rare4 ,it is similar in its clinical characters to the vesicular type1 except that the lesions are pustular4 ,it is met with1 as a rule1 in association with the vesicular and bullous varieties of the disease4 ,describe the bullous type of dermatitis herpetiformis4 ,the bullous expression of the disease is usually of a markedly inflammatory nature1 often innumerable blebs1 small and large1 appearing almost continuously1 and in some instances involving the greater part of the surface4 ,the lesions arise from erythematous skin1 from preexisting vesicles or vesicular groups1 or from apparently normal integument4 ,there is a marked disposition to appear in clusters4 ,a change of type to the erythematous or vesicular varieties is not unusual4 ,describe the mixed type of dermatitis herpetiformis4 ,in this type the eruption is made up of erythematous patches1 vesicles1 bullae1 and often with pustules intermingled1 appearing irregularly or in crops1 and with a tendency to patch or group formation4 ,describe the characters of the vesicles1 pustules and blebs4 ,as a rule1 these several lesions1 especially the vesicles and blebs1 are somewhat peculiar3 they are usually of a strikingly irregular outline1 oblong1 stellate1 quadrate1 and when drying are apt to have a puckered appearance4 ,they are herpetic in that they show little disposition to spontaneous rupture1 occur in groups1 and are usually seated upon erythematous or inflammatory skin--in some respects similar to the groups of simple herpes and herpes zoster4 ,what is to be said in regard to the subjective symptoms8 ,the subjective symptoms are usually the most troublesome feature of the disease1 consisting of intense and persistent itching and a feeling of heat and burning4 ,are there any constitutional symptoms in dermatitis herpetiformis8 ,as a rule1 not1 excepting the distress and depression necessarily consequent upon the intense itchiness and loss of sleep4 ,in the pustular and bullous varieties there may be mild or grave systemic symptoms1 but even in these types the constitutional involvement is1 in most instances1 slight in comparison to the intensity of the cutaneous disturbance4 ,what is the course of dermatitis herpetiformis8 ,extremely chronic1 in most instances lasting1 with remissions1 indefinitely4 ,the skin is rarely entirely free4 ,from time to time the type of the disease may undergo change4 ,from the continued irritation and scratching more or less pigmentation results4 ,what is to be said in regard to the etiology8 ,the disease is in many instances essentially neurotic1 and in exceptional instances septicaemic4 ,pregnancy and the parturient state are factors in some instances 7so-called herpes gestationis74 ,it is possible in some instances that the eruption may be an expression of a mild toxemia of gastro-intestinal origin4 ,in some cases no cause can be assigned4 ,in the majority of patients the general health1 considering the violence of the eruptive phenomena1 remains comparatively undisturbed4 ,nervous shock and mental worry are factors in some cases4 ,polyuria1 with sugar in the urine1 has occasionally been noted4 ,eosinophile cells have been found both in the vesicles and the blood4 ,in some instances--exceptionally1 it is true--the disease has appeared shortly after vaccination4 ,mention the diagnostic features of dermatitis herpetiformis4 ,the multiformity of the eruption1 the characters of the lesions1 the disposition to grouping1 the absence of tendency to form solid sheets of eruption 7as in eczema71 the intense itching1 history1 chronicity and course4 ,in doubtful cases1 an observation of several weeks will always suffice to distinguish it from eczema1 erythema multiforme1 herpes iris and pemphigus1 diseases to which it at times bears strong resemblance4 ,give the prognosis of dermatitis herpetiformis4 ,an opinion as to the outcome of the disease should be guarded4 ,it is exceedingly rebellious to treatment1 and relapses are the rule4 ,exceptionally the bullous and pustular varieties prove eventually fatal4 ,the erythematous and vesicular varieties are the most favorable4 ,state the treatment to be advised4 ,there are no special remedies4 ,constitutional treatment must be conducted upon general principles4 ,a free action of the bowels is to be maintained4 ,in occasional instances arsenic in progressive doses seems of value4 ,externally protective and antipruritic applications1 such as are employed in the treatment of eczema and pemphigus1 are to be employed3-- ,rx ,ac4 carbolici1 44444444444444444444444 dramj-dramij ,thymol1 444444444444444444444444444444 gr4 xvj4 ,glycerinae1 444444444444444444444444444 ,ozss-,ozj ,alcoholis1 444444444444444444444444444 f,ozij ,aquae1 q4s41 444444444 ad 4444444444444 ,oj4 ,m4 ,other valuable applications are3 lotions of carbolic acid1 of liquor carbonis detergens1 of boric acid2 alkaline baths1 mild sulphur ointment and carbolized oxide-of-zinc ointment1 and dusting-powders of starch1 zinc oxide1 talc and boric acid4 ,a two- to ten-per-cent4 ichthyol lotion or ointment is sometimes of advantage2 thiol employed in the same manner has also been commended4 ,psoriasis4 ,give a definition of psoriasis4 ,psoriasis is a chronic1 inflammatory disease1 characterized by dry1 reddish1 variously-sized1 rounded1 sharply-defined1 more or less infiltrated1 scaly patches4 ,illustration3 ,psoriasis4 ,at what age does psoriasis usually first make its appearance8 ,most commonly between the ages of fifteen and thirty4 ,it is rarely seen before the tenth year1 and a first attack is uncommon after the age of forty4 ,has psoriasis any special parts of predilection8 ,the extensor surfaces of the limbs1 especially the elbows and knees1 are favorite localities1 and even when the eruption is more or less general1 these regions are usually most conspicuously involved4 ,the face often escapes1 and the palms and soles1 likewise the nails1 are rarely involved4 ,in exceptional instances1 the eruption is limited almost exclusively to the scalp4 ,are there any constitutional or subjective symptoms in psoriasis8 ,there is no systemic disturbance2 but a variable amount of itching may be present1 although1 as a rule1 it is not a troublesome symptom4 ,describe the clinical appearances of a typical1 well developed case4 ,twenty or a hundred or more lesions1 varying in size from a pin-head to a silver dollar1 are usually present4 ,they are sharply defined against the sound skin1 are reddish1 slightly elevated and infiltrated1 and more or less abundantly covered with whitish1 grayish or mother-of-pearl colored scales4 ,the patches are usually scattered over the general surface1 but are frequently more numerous on the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs1 especially about the elbows and knees4 ,several closely-lying lesions may coalesce and a large1 irregular patch be formed2 some of the patches1 also1 may be more or less circinate1 the central portion having1 in a measure or completely1 disappeared4 ,give the development and history of a single lesion4 ,every single patch of psoriasis begins as a pin-point or pin-head-sized1 hyperaemic1 scaly1 slightly-elevated lesion2 it increases gradually1 and in the course of several days or weeks usually reaches the size of a dime or larger1 and then may remain stationary2 or involution begins to take place1 usually by a disappearance1 partially or completely1 of the central portion1 and finally of the whole patch4 ,describe the so-called clinical varieties of psoriasis4 ,as clinically met with1 the patches present are1 as a rule1 in all stages of development4 ,in some instances1 however1 the lesions1 or the most of them1 progress no further than pin-head in size1 and then remain stationary1 constituting psoriasis punctata2 in other cases1 they may stop short after having reached the size of drops--psoriasis guttata2 in others 7and this is the usual clinical type7 the patches develop to the size of coins--psoriasis nummularis4 ,in some cases there is a strong tendency for the central part of the lesions to disappear1 and the process then remain stationary1 the patches being ring-shaped--psoriasis circinata2 and occasionally several such rings coalesce1 the coalescing portions disappearing and the eruption be more or less serpentine--psoriasis gyrata4 ,or1 in other instances1 several large contiguous lesions may coalesce and a diffused1 infiltrated patch covering considerable surface results--psoriasis diffusa1 psoriasis inveterata4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,psoriasis4 ,is the eruption of psoriasis always dry8 ,yes4 ,what course does psoriasis pursue8 ,as a rule1 eminently chronic4 ,patches may remain almost indefinitely1 or may gradually disappear and new lesions appear elsewhere1 and so the disease may continue for months and1 sometimes1 for years2 or1 after continuing for a longer or shorter period1 may subside and the skin remain free for several months or one or two years1 and1 in rare instances1 may never return4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,psoriasis4 ,is the course of psoriasis influenced by the seasons8 ,as a rule1 yes2 there is a natural tendency for the disease to become less active or to disappear altogether during the warm months4 ,what is known in regard to the etiology of psoriasis8 ,the causes of the disease are always more or less obscure4 ,there is often a hereditary tendency1 and the gouty and rheumatic diathesis must occasionally be considered potential4 ,in some instances it is apparently influenced by the state of the general health4 ,it is a rather common disease and is met with in all walks of life4 ,is psoriasis contagious8 ,no4 ,in recent years the fact of its exhibiting a family tendency has been thought as much suggestive of contagiousness as of heredity4 ,what is the pathology8 ,according to modern investigations1 it is an inflammation induced by hyperplasia of the rete mucosum2 and it is beginning to be believed that this hyperplasia may have a parasitic factor as the starting-cause4 ,with what diseases are you likely to confound psoriasis8 ,chiefly with squamous eczema and the papulo-squamous syphiloderm2 and on the scalp1 also with seborrhoea4 ,it can scarcely be confounded with ringworm4 ,how is psoriasis to be distinguished from squamous eczema8 ,by the sharply-defined1 circumscribed1 scattered1 scaly patches1 and by the history and course of the individual lesions4 ,in what respects does the papulo-squamous syphiloderm differ from psoriasis8 ,the scales of the squamous syphilide are usually dirty gray in color and more or less scanty2 the patches are coppery in hue1 and usually several or more characteristic scaleless1 infiltrated papules are to be found4 ,the face1 palms1 and soles are often the seat of the syphilitic eruption2 and1 moreover1 concomitant symptoms of syphilis1 such as sore throat1 mucous patches1 glandular enlargement1 rheumatic pains1 falling out of the hair1 together with the history of the initial lesion1 are one1 several1 or all usually present4 ,how does seborrhoea differ from psoriasis8 ,seborrhoea of the scalp is usually diffused1 with but little redness and no infiltration2 moreover1 the scales of seborrhoea are greasy1 dirty gray or brownish1 while those of psoriasis are dry and comonly whitish or mother-of-pearl colored4 ,psoriasis of the scalp rarely exists independently of other patches elsewhere on the general surface4 ,that variety of seborrhoea1 commonly known as eczema seborrhoicum1 presents at times1 both on scalp and general surface1 a strong resemblance to psoriasis1 but the character of the scales and distribution of psoriasis1 as above stated1 are distinguishing points2 seborrhoea1 moreover1 favors hairy surfaces and in extensive examples the scalp1 eyebrows1 sternal1 and pubic regions rarely escape4 ,how does psoriasis differ from ringworm8 ,by its greater scaliness1 by its higher degree of inflammatory action1 and by its larger number of patches1 as also by its history4 ,in ringworm all the patches tend to clear up in the centre2 in psoriasis this is rarely1 if ever1 so4 ,if there is still any doubt1 microscopic examination of the scrapings will determine4 ,give the prognosis of psoriasis4 ,the prognosis is usually favorable1 so far as concerns the immediate eruption1 but as to recurrences1 nothing positive can be stated4 ,in rare instances1 however1 the cure remains permanent4 ,how is psoriasis treated8 ,both constitutional and local remedies are demanded in most cases4 ,do dietary measures exert any influence8 ,as a rule1 no2 but the food should be plain1 and an excess of meat avoided4 ,name the important constitutional remedies usually employed in psoriasis4 ,arsenic is of first importance4 ,it is not suitable in acute or markedly inflammatory types2 but is most useful in the sluggish1 chronic forms of the disease4 ,the dose should never be pushed beyond slight physiological action4 ,it may be given as arsenious acid in pill form1 one-fiftieth to one-tenth of a grain three times daily1 or as ,fowler's solution1 three to ten minims at a dose4 ,alkalies1 of which liquor potassae is the most eligible4 ,it is to be given in ten to twenty minim doses1 largely diluted4 ,it is valuable in robust1 plethoric1 rheumatic or gouty individuals with psoriasis of an acute or markedly inflammatory type2 it is not to be given to debilitated or anaemic subjects4 ,salicin1 sodium salicylate1 and salophen in moderately full doses act well in some cases4 ,occasionally thyroid preparations have a good effect4 ,potassium ,iodide1 in doses of thirty to one hundred grains1 t4d41 acts favorably in some instances2 there are no special indications pointing toward its selection1 unless it be the existence of a gouty or rheumatic diathesis4 ,oil of copaiba1 potassium acetate1 oil of turpentine1 oil of juniper1 and other diuretics are valuable in some instances1 and1 while often failing1 sometimes exert a rapid influence1 especially in those cases in which the disease is extensive and inflammatory4 ,wine of antimony1 given cautiously1 is also sometimes of service in the acute inflammatory type in robust subjects4 ,are such remedies as iron1 quinine1 nux vomica and cod-liver oil ever useful in psoriasis8 ,yes4 ,in debilitated subjects the administration of such remedies is at times attended with improvement in the cutaneous eruption4 ,what are the indications as regards the external measures8 ,removal of the scales1 and the use of soothing or stimulating applications1 according to the individual case4 ,how are the scales removed8 ,in ordinary cases1 either by warm1 plain1 or alkaline baths1 or hot-water-and-soap washings2 in those cases in which the scaling is abundant and adherent1 washing with sapo viridis and hot water may be required4 ,baths of sal ammoniac1 two to six ounces to the bath are also valuable in removing the scaliness4 ,the tincture of green soap 7tinctura saponis viridis7 is especially valuable for cleansing purposes in psoriasis of the scalp4 ,the hot vapor bath once or twice weekly is serviceable in keeping the scaliness in abeyance1 and has1 moreover1 in some cases1 a therapeutic value4 ,the frequency of the baths or washings will depend upon the rapidity with which the scales are reproduced4 ,are soothing applications often demanded in psoriasis8 ,in exceptional cases2 in those in which the disease is acute1 markedly inflammatory and rapidly progressing1 mild1 soothing applications must be temporarily employed1 such as plain or bran baths1 with the use of some bland oil or ointment4 ,as a rule1 however1 the conditions1 when coming under observation1 are such as to permit of stimulating applications from the start4 ,the most efficient soothing applications are the mild lotions and ointments employed in eczema of acute type4 ,how are the stimulating remedies employed in psoriasis applied8 ,as ointments1 oils1 and paints 7pigmenta74 ,an ointment1 if employed1 is to be thoroughly rubbed in the diseased areas once or twice daily4 ,the same may be said of the oily applications4 ,the paints 7medicated collodion and gutta-percha solution7 are applied with a brush1 once daily1 or every second or third day1 depending mainly upon the length of time the film remains intact and adherent4 ,name the several important external remedies4 ,chrysarobin1 pyrogallol1 tar1 ammoniated mercury1 beta-naphthol1 and resorcin4 ,are these several external remedies equally serviceable in all cases8 ,no4 ,their action differs slightly or greatly according to the case and individual4 ,a change from one to another is often necessary4 ,in what forms and strength are these remedies to be applied8 ,chrysarobin is applied in several ways3 as an ointment1 twenty to sixty grains to the ounce1 rubbed in once or twice daily2 this is the most rapid but least cleanly and eligible method4 ,as a pigment1 or paint1 as in the following3-- ,rx ,chrysarobini1 444444444444444444444444 dramj ,acidi salicylici1 44444444444444444444 gr4 xx ,etheris1 44444444444444444444444444444 fdramj ,ol4 ricini1 44444444444444444444444444 minimx ,collodii1 4444444444444444444444444444 fdramvij4 ,m4 ,or it may be used in liquor gutta-perchae 7traumaticin71 a drachm to the ounce4 ,it may also be employed in chloroform1 a drachm to the ounce2 this is painted on1 the chloroform evaporating1 leaving a thin film of chrysarobin2 over this is painted flexible collodion4 ,if the patches are few and large1 chrysarobin rubber-plaster may be used4 ,chrysarobin is usually rapid in its effect1 but it has certain disadvantages2 it may cause an inflammation of the surrounding skin1 and1 if used near the eyes1 may give rise to conjunctivitis4 ,as a rule1 it should not be employed about the head4 ,moreover1 it stains the linen permanently and the skin temporarily4 ,pyrogallol is valuable1 and is employed in the same manner and strength as chrysarobin4 ,in collodion it should at first not be used of greater strength than three to four per cent41 as in this form pyrogallol sometimes acts with unexpected energy4 ,it is less rapid than chrysarobin1 but it rarely inflames the surrounding integument4 ,it stains the linen a light brown1 however1 and is not to be used over an extensive surface for fear of absorption and toxic effect4 ,oxidized pyrogallic acid1 a somewhat milder drug in its effect1 has been highly commended1 and has the alleged advantage of being free from toxic action4 ,tar is1 all things considered1 the most important external remedy4 ,it is comparatively slow in its action1 but is useful in almost all cases4 ,as employed usually it is prescribed in ointment form1 either as the official tar ointment1 full strength or weakened with lard or petrolatum4 ,it may also be used as pix liquida1 with equal part of alcohol4 ,or the tar oils1 oil of cade 7ol4 cadini71 and oil of birch 7ol4 rusci7 may be employed1 either as oily applications or incorporated with ointment or with alcohol4 ,liquor carbonis detergens1 in ointment1 one to three drachms to the ounce of simple cerate and lanolin is a mild tarry application which is often useful4 ,in stubborn patches an occasional thorough rubbing with a mixture of equal parts of liquor carbonis detergens and ,vleminckx's solution1 followed by a mild ointment1 sometimes proves of value4 ,in whatsoever form tar is employed it should be thoroughly rubbed in1 once or twice daily1 the excess wiped off1 and the parts then dusted with starch or similar powder4 ,ammoniated mercury is applied in ointment form1 twenty to sixty grains to the ounce4 ,compared to other remedies it is clean and free from staining1 although1 as a rule1 not so uniformly efficacious4 ,it is especially useful for application to the scalp and exposed parts4 ,it should not be used over extensive surface for fear of absorption4 beta-,naphthol and resorcin are applied as ointments1 thirty to sixty grains to the ounce1 and as they are 7especially the former7 practically free from staining1 may be used for exposed surfaces4 ,gallacetophenone and aristol also act well in some cases1 applied in five- to ten-per-cent4 strength1 as ointments4 ,in obstinate patches the x-ray may be resorted to1 employing it with caution and in the same manner as in other diseases4 ,pityriasis ,rosea4 7,synonym3 ,pityriasis ,maculata et ,circinata47 ,what do you understand by pityriasis rosea8 ,pityriasis rosea is a disease of a mildly inflammatory nature1 characterized by discrete1 and later frequently confluent1 variously sized1 slightly raised scaly macules of a pinkish to rosy-red1 often salmon-tinged1 color4 ,upon what part of the body is the eruption usually found8 ,the trunk is the chief seat of the eruption1 although not infrequently it is more or less general4 ,describe the symptoms of pityriasis rosea4 ,the lesions1 which appear rapidly or slowly1 are but slightly elevated1 somewhat scaly1 usually rounded1 except when several coalesce1 when an irregularly outlined patch results4 ,at first they are pale or bright pink or reddish1 later a salmon tint 7which is often characteristic7 is noticed4 ,the scaliness is bran-like or flaky1 of a dirty gray color1 and1 as a rule1 less marked in the central portion2 it is never abundant4 ,the skin is rarely thickened1 the process being usually exceedingly superficial4 ,what course does pityriasis rosea pursue8 ,the eruption makes its appearance1 as a rule1 somewhat rapidly1 usually attaining its full development in the course of one or two weeks1 and then begins gradually to decline1 the whole process occupying one or two months4 ,to what is pityriasis rosea to be attributed8 ,the cause is not known2 it is variously considered as allied to seborrhoea 7eczema seborrhoicum71 as being of a vegetable-parasitic origin1 and as a mildly inflammatory affection somewhat similar to psoriasis4 ,it is not a frequent disease4 ,how is pityriasis rosea distinguished from ringworm1 psoriasis and the squamous syphiloderm8 ,from ringworm1 by its rapid appearance1 its distribution1 the number of patches1 and1 if necessary1 by microscopic examination of the scrapings4 ,psoriasis is a more inflammatory disease1 is seen usually more abundantly upon the limbs1 the scales are profuse and silvery1 and the underlying skin is red and has a glazed look2 moreover1 psoriasis1 as a rule1 appears slowly and runs a chronic course4 ,the squamous syphiloderm differs in its history1 distribution1 and above all1 by the presence of concomitant symptoms of syphilis1 such as glandular enlargement1 sore throat1 mucous patches1 rheumatic pains1 and falling out of the hair4 ,state the prognosis of pityriasis rosea4 ,it is favorable1 the disease tending to spontaneous disappearance1 usually in the course of several weeks or one or two months4 ,what treatment is to be advised in pityriasis rosea8 ,laxatives and intestinal antiseptics1 and ointments of salicylic acid 7#e-ae grains to the ounce71 of sulphur 7#aj-dj grains to the ounce72 or a compound ointment containing both these ingredients can be prescribed4 ,the ointment base can be equal parts of white vaselin and cold cream2 in some instances ,lassar's paste 7starch powder1 zinc oxid powder1 each1 dramij2 vaselin1 dramiv7 seems more satisfactory4 ,dermatitis ,exfoliativa4 7,synonyms3 ,general ,exfoliative ,dermatitis2 ,recurrent ,exfoliative ,dermatitis2 ,desquamative ,scarlatiniform ,erythema2 ,acute ,general ,dermatitis2 ,recurrent ,exfoliative ,erythema2 ,pityriasis ,rubra47 ,describe dermatitis exfoliativa4 ,dermatitis exfoliativa is an inflammatory disease of an acute type1 characterized by a more or less general erythematous inflammation1 in exceptional instances vesicular or bullous1 with epidermic desquamation or exfoliation accompanying or following its development4 ,constitutional disturbance1 which may be of a serious character1 is sometimes present4 ,it is a rare and obscure affection1 running its course usually in several weeks or months1 but exhibiting a decided tendency to relapse and recurrence4 ,in many cases it is persistently chronic1 with exacerbations and remissions4 ,in some instances it develops from a long-continued and more or less generalized eczema or psoriasis1 and in exceptional cases it is started by the careless use of mercurial ointment and of chrysarobin ointment4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,dermatitis ,exfoliativa4 ,in another type of the disease1 formerly described as pityriasis rubra1 the skin is pale red or violaceous-red1 but is rarely thickened1 continued exfoliation in the form of thin plates taking place4 ,its course is variable1 lasting for years1 with remissions4 ,an exfoliating generalized dermatitis is exceptionally observed in the first weeks of life 7dermatitis exfoliativa neonatorum71 lasting some weeks1 and in most cases followed by recovery4 ,there are no special constitutional symptoms1 the fatal cases usually dying of marasmus4 ,as will be seen dermatitis exfoliativa varies considerably in degree2 it may be extremely mild1 resembling in appearance the scarlet-fever eruption 7erythema scarlatiniforme7 and running a rapid course2 or the skin-condition and the systemic symptoms may be of grave and persistent character4 ,give the treatment of dermatitis exfoliativa4 ,general treatment is based upon indications1 and externally soothing applications1 such as are employed in acute and subacute eczema1 are to be used4 ,lichen ,planus4 ,what is lichen planus8 ,lichen planus is an inflammatory disease characterized by small1 flat and angular1 smooth and shining1 or scaly1 discrete or confluent1 red or violaceous-red papules1 having a distinctly papular or papulo-squamous course1 and attended with more or less itching4 ,describe the symptoms of lichen planus4 ,the eruption1 as a rule1 begins slowly1 usually showing itself upon the extremities2 the forearms1 wrists and legs being favorite localities4 ,it may appear as one or more groups or in the form of short or long bands4 ,occasionally its evolution is rapid and a considerable part of the surface may be invaded4 ,the lesions are pin-head to small pea-sized1 irregularly grouped or so closely crowded together as to form solid patches2 they are quadrangular or polygonal in shape1 usually flat1 with central depression or umbilication1 and are reddish or violaceous in color4 ,at first they have a glazed or shining appearance2 later1 becoming slightly scaly1 the scaliness being more marked where solid patches have resulted4 ,new papules may appear from time to time1 the older lesions disappearing and leaving persistent reddish or brownish pigmentation4 ,exceptionally the eruption presents in bands or lines1 like rows of beads 7lichen moniliformis74 ,very exceptionally a vesicular or bleb tendency in some of the lesions has been noted2 doubtless1 in most instances at least1 this has been due to the arsenic so generally administered in this disease4 ,in rare instances lichen planus lesions are also seen on the glans penis and on the buccal mucous membrane4 ,in some cases1 especially in the region of the ankle1 the papules become quite large 7lichen planus hypertrophicus71 and in occasional cases there is a tendency in some of the lesions or patches to clear up centrally4 ,there is1 as a rule1 considerable itching4 ,there are no constitutional symptoms4 ,what is the etiology of lichen planus8 ,in some cases the disease is distinctly neurotic in character1 in others no cause can be assigned4 ,it is more especially met with at middle age1 and among the wealthier1 professional1 and luxurious classes4 ,pathologically the first change noted in the epidermis is thought to be an acanthosis1 followed by epithelial atrophy1 and a hyperkeratosis1 intercellular edema1 and colloid degeneration of the prickle cells4 ,does the disease bear any resemblance to the miliary papular syphilide1 psoriasis1 and papular eczema8 ,in some instances it does1 but the irregular and angular outline1 the slightly-umbilicated1 flattened1 smooth or scaly summits1 and the dull-red or violaceous color1 the history and course1 of lichen planus1 will serve to differentiate4 ,state the prognosis4 ,under proper management the eruption1 although often obstinate1 yields to treatment4 ,what treatment would you prescribe in lichen planus8 ,a general tonic plan of medication is indicated in most cases1 with such remedies as iron1 quinine1 nux vomica1 and cod-liver oil and other nutrients4 ,in many instances arsenic exerts a special influence1 and should always be tried4 ,mercurials in moderate dosage have also a favorable action in most cases4 ,locally1 antipruritic and stimulating applications1 such as are used in the treatment of eczema1 are to be employed1 alkaline baths and tarry applications deserving special mention4 ,liquor carbonis detergens1 applied weakened with several parts water1 is a valuable application4 ,in some cases1 particularly if the disease is limited1 external applications alone often suffice to bring about a cure4 ,pityriasis ,rubra ,pilaris4 7,synonyms3 ,lichen ,ruber2 ,lichen ,ruber ,acuminatus47 ,describe pityriasis rubra pilaris4 ,pityriasis rubra pilaris is an extremely rare disease1 usually of a mildly inflammatory nature1 characterized by grayish1 pale-red or reddish-brown follicular papules with somewhat hard or horny centres2 discrete and confluent1 and covering a part or the entire surface4 ,the skin is harsh1 dry and rough1 feeling to the touch somewhat like the surface of a nutmeg-grater or a coarse file4 ,more or less scaliness is usually present in the confluent patches and on the palms and soles2 in these latter regions the papules are rarely seen4 ,the duration of the disease is variable1 and relapses are common4 ,it bears resemblance at times to keratosis pilaris1 ichthyosis1 dermatitis exfoliativa2 it is considered identical with the lichen ruber acuminatus of ,kaposi1 and by many also with the lichen ruber of ,hebra4 ,the etiology is obscure4 ,treatment1 both constitutional and local1 is to be based upon general principles2 stimulating applications1 with frequent baths1 such as are advised in psoriasis1 are the most satisfactory4 ,it is rebellious1 and not much more than palliation can be effected in some cases1 in others the outlook is more hopeful4 ,lichen ,scrofulosus4 ,describe lichen scrofulosus4 ,lichen scrofulosus is a chronic1 inflammatory disease1 characterized by millet-seed-sized1 rounded or flat1 reddish or yellowish1 more or less grouped1 desquamating papules4 ,the lesions have their start about the hair-follicles1 occur usually upon the trunk1 tend to group and form patches1 and sooner or later become covered with minute scales4 ,as a rule1 there is no itching4 ,it is a rare disease1 and but seldom met with in ,america2 it is seen chiefly in children and young people of a scrofulous diathesis4 ,scarring1 slight in character1 may or may not follow4 ,what is the treatment of lichen scrofulosus8 ,the condition responds to tonics and anti-strumous remedies4 ,eczema4 7,synonym3 ,tetter2 ,salt ,rheum47 ,what is eczema8 ,an acute1 subacute or chronic inflammatory disease1 characterized in the beginning by the appearance of erythema1 papules1 vesicles or pustules1 or a combination of these lesions1 with a variable amount of infiltration and thickening1 terminating either in discharge with the formation of crusts1 in absorption1 or in desquamation1 and accompanied by more or less intense itching and a feeling of heat or burning4 ,what are the several primary types of eczema8 ,erythematous1 papular1 vesicular and pustular2 all cases begin as one or more of these types1 but not infrequently lose these characters and develop into the common clinical or secondary types--eczema rubrum and eczema squamosum4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,papular ,eczema 7leg74 ,what other types are met with clinically8 ,eczema rubrum1 eczema squamosum1 eczema fissum1 eczema sclerosum and eczema verrucosum4 ,eczema seborrhoicum is probably a closely allied disease1 occupying a middle position between ordinary eczema and seborrhoea4 ,describe the symptoms of erythematous eczema4 ,erythematous eczema 7eczema erythematosum7 begins as one or more small or large1 irregularly outlined hyperaemic macules or patches1 with or without slight or marked swelling1 and with more or less itching or burning4 ,at first it may be ill-defined1 but it tends to spread and its features to become more pronounced4 ,it may be limited to a certain region1 or it may be more or less general4 ,when fully developed1 the skin is harsh and dry1 of a mottled1 reddish or violaceous color1 thickened1 infiltrated and usually slightly scaly1 with1 at times1 a tendency toward the formation of oozing areas4 ,punctate and linear scratch-marks may usually be seen scattered over the affected region4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,eczema ,rubrum4 ,its most common site is the face1 but it is not infrequent upon other parts4 ,what course does erythematous eczema pursue8 ,it tends to chronicity1 continuing as the erythematous form1 or the skin may become considerably thickened and markedly scaly1 constituting eczema squamosum2 or a moist oozing surface1 with more or less crusting1 may take its place--eczema rubrum4 ,describe the symptoms of papular eczema4 ,papular eczema 7eczema papulosum7 is characterized by the appearance1 usually in numbers1 of discrete1 aggregated or closely-crowded1 reddish1 pin-head-sized acuminated or rounded papules4 ,vesicles and vesico-papules are often intermingled4 ,the itching is commonly intense1 as often attested by the presence of scratch-marks and blood crusts4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,eczema ,squamosum et tissum4 ,it is seen most frequently upon the extremities1 especially the flexor surfaces4 ,what course does papular eczema pursue8 ,the lesions tend1 sooner or later1 to disappear1 but are usually replaced by others1 the disease thus persisting for weeks or months2 in places where closely crowded1 a solid1 thickened1 scaly sheet of eruption may result--eczema squamosum4 ,describe the symptoms of vesicular eczema4 ,vesicular eczema 7,eczema vesiculosum7 usually appears1 on one or several regions1 as more or less diffused inflammatory reddened patches1 upon which rapidly develop numerous closely-crowded pin-point to pin-head-sized vesicles1 which tend to become confluent and form a solid sheet of eruption4 ,the vesicles soon mature and rupture1 the discharge drying to yellowish1 honeycomb-like crusts4 ,the oozing is usually more or less continuous1 or the disease may decline1 the crusts be cast off1 to be quickly followed by a new crop of vesicles4 ,in those cases in which the process is markedly acute1 considerable swelling and oedema are present4 ,scattered papules1 vesico-papules and pustules may usually be seen upon the involved area or about the border4 ,the face in infants 7crusta lactea1 or milk crust1 of older writers71 the neck1 flexor surfaces and the fingers are its favorite localities4 ,what course does vesicular eczema pursue8 ,usually chronic1 with acute exacerbations4 ,not infrequently it passes into eczema rubrum4 ,describe the symptoms of pustular eczema4 ,pustular eczema 7eczema pustulosum1 eczema impetiginosum7 is probably the least common of all the varieties4 ,it is similar1 although usually less actively inflammatory1 in its symptoms to eczema vesiculosum1 the lesions being pustular from the start or developing from preexisting vesicles2 not infrequently the eruption is mixed1 the pustules predominating4 ,there is a marked tendency to rupturing of the lesions1 the discharge drying to thick1 yellowish1 brownish or greenish crusts4 ,its most common sites are the scalp and face1 especially in young people and in those who are ill-nourished and strumous4 ,what course does pustular eczema pursue8 ,usually chronic1 continuing as the same type1 or passing into eczema rubrum4 ,describe the symptoms of squamous eczema4 ,squamous eczema 7eczema squamosum7 may be defined as a clinical variety1 the chief symptoms of which are a variable degree of scaliness1 more or less thickening1 infiltration1 and redness1 with commonly a tendency to cracking or fissuring of the skin1 especially when the disease is seated about the joints4 ,it is developed1 as a rule1 from the erythematous or papular type4 ,itching is slight or intense4 ,the disease is not uncommon upon the scalp4 ,what is the course of squamous eczema8 ,essentially chronic4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bc4 ,eczema of the ,face and ,scalp4 ,describe the symptoms of eczema rubrum4 ,eczema rubrum is characterized by a red1 raw-looking1 weeping1 oozing or discharging surface1 attended with more or less inflammatory thickening1 infiltration and swelling2 the exudation1 consisting of serum1 sometimes bloody1 dries into thick yellowish or reddish-brown crusts4 ,at one time the whole diseased area may be hidden under a mass of crusting1 at other times a red1 raw-looking1 weeping surface 7eczema madidans7 is the most striking feature4 ,itching is slight or intense1 or the subjective symptom may be a feeling of burning4 ,it is an important clinical type1 usually developing from the vesicular1 pustular or other primary variety4 ,it is common about the face and scalp in children1 and the middle and lower part of the leg in elderly people4 ,what is the course of eczema rubrum8 ,chronic1 varying in intensity from time to time4 ,describe the symptoms of fissured eczema4 ,the conspicuous symptom is a marked tendency to fissuring or cracking of the skin 7eczema fissum2 eczema rimosum74 ,this tendency is usually a part of an erythematous or squamous eczema1 the fissuring constituting the most conspicuous and troublesome symptom4 ,chapping is an extremely mild but familiar example of this type4 ,it is especially common about the hands and fingers4 ,what is the course of fissured eczema8 ,it is more or less persistent1 the tendency to fissuring varying considerably according to the state of the weather1 often disappearing spontaneously in the summer months4 ,describe eczema sclerosum and eczema verrucosum4 ,in eczema sclerosum the skin is thickened1 infiltrated1 hard1 and almost horny4 ,eczema verrucosum presents similar conditions1 but1 in addition1 displays a tendency to papillary or wart-like hypertrophy4 ,in both varieties the disease is usually seated about the ankle or the foot1 developing from the papular or squamous type4 ,they are uncommon1 and obstinately chronic4 ,state the nature of the subjective symptoms in eczema4 ,itching1 commonly intense1 is usually a conspicuous symptom2 it may be more or less paroxysmal4 ,in some cases burning and heat constitute the main subjective phenomena4 ,is eczema accompanied by febrile or systemic symptoms8 ,no4 ,in rare instances1 in acute universal eczema1 slight febrile action1 or other systemic disturbance1 may be noted at the time of the outbreak4 ,is the eczematous eruption 7patch or patches7 sharply defined against the neighboring sound skin8 ,no4 ,in almost all instances the diseased area merges gradually and imperceptibly into the surrounding healthy integument4 ,what is the character of eczema as regards the degree of inflammatory action8 ,the inflammatory action may be acute1 subacute or sluggish in character1 and may be so from the start and so continue throughout its whole course2 or it may1 as is usually the case1 vary in intensity from time to time4 ,state the character of eczema as regards duration4 ,as a rule1 it is a persistent disease1 showing little1 if any1 tendency to spontaneous disappearance4 ,is eczema influenced by the seasons8 ,yes4 ,with comparatively few exceptions the disease is most common and much worse in cold1 windy1 winter weather4 ,to what may eczema be ascribed8 ,eczema may be due to constitutional or local causes1 or to both4 ,it may be considered1 in fact1 as a reaction of the skin tissues against some irritant1 and the latter may have its origin from within or without4 ,name some of the important constitutional or predisposing causes4 ,gouty diathesis1 rheumatic diathesis1 disorders of the digestive tract1 general debility or lack of tone1 an exhausted state of the nervous system1 dentition and struma4 ,is a constitutional cause sufficient to provoke an attack8 ,yes2 but often the attack is brought about in those so predisposed by some local or external irritant4 ,mention some of the external causes4 ,heat and cold1 sharp1 biting winds1 excessive use of water1 strong soaps1 vaccination1 dyes and dyestuffs1 chemical irritants1 and the like4 ,there is a growing belief that some cases presenting eczematous aspects are probably parasitic in origin4 ,in fact1 some observers hold to the microbic view of all cases of eczema4 ,contact with the rhus plants1 while producing a peculiar dermatitis1 usually running an acute course terminating in recovery1 may1 in those predisposed1 provoke a veritable and persistent eczema4 ,in fact1 in our examination as to causes in a given case1 especially of the hands and face1 all possible exciting factors should be inquired into1 such as the handling of plants1 chemicals1 dyes1 etc4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bd4 ,eczema of ,face4 ,is eczema contagious8 ,no4 ,the acceptance of a parasitic cause for the disease1 however1 necessarily carries with it the possibility of contagiousness under favoring conditions4 ,such is not supported1 however1 by practical experience4 ,what is the pathology8 ,the process is an inflammatory one1 characterized in all cases by hyperaemia and exudation1 varying in degree according to the intensity and duration of the disease4 ,the rete and papillary layer are especially involved1 although in severe and chronic cases the lower part of the corium and even the subcutaneous tissue may share in the process4 ,do the cutaneous manifestations of the eruptive fevers bear resemblance to the erythematous type of eczema8 ,scarlatina and erysipelas may1 to a slight extent1 but the presence or absence of febrile and other constitutional symptoms will usually serve to differentiate4 ,what common skin diseases resemble some phases of eczema8 ,psoriasis1 seborrhoea1 sycosis1 scabies and ringworm4 ,how would you exclude psoriasis in a suspected case of eczema 7squamous eczema78 ,psoriasis occurs in variously-sized1 rounded1 sharply-defined patches1 usually scattered irregularly over the general surface1 with special predilection for the elbows and knees4 ,they are covered more or less abundantly with whitish1 silvery or mother-of-pearl colored imbricated scales4 ,the patches are always dry1 and itching is1 as a rule1 slight1 or may be entirely absent4 ,eczema1 on the contrary1 is often localized1 appearing as one or more large1 irregularly diffused patches2 it merges imperceptibly into the sound skin1 and there is often a history of characteristic serous or gummy oozing2 the scaling is usually slight and itching almost invariably a prominent symptom4 ,how would you exclude seborrhoea 7eczema seborrhoicum7 in a suspected case of eczema8 ,seborrhoea of the scalp is more commonly over the whole of that region and is relatively free from inflammatory symptoms2 the scales are of a greasy character and the itching is usually slight or nil4 ,on the other hand1 in eczema of this region the parts are rarely invaded in their entirety2 there may be at times the characteristic serous or gummy oozing2 inflammatory symptoms are usually well-marked1 the scales are dry and the itching is1 as a rule1 a prominent symptom4 ,these same differences serve to differentiate the diseases in other regions4 ,how does scabies differ from eczema8 ,scabies differs from eczema in its peculiar distribution1 the presence of the burrows1 the absence of any tendency to patch formation1 and usually by a clear history of contagion4 ,how would you exclude ringworm in a suspected case of eczema8 ,ringworm is to be distinguished by its circular form1 its fading in the centre1 and in doubtful cases by microscopic examination of the scrapings4 ,how does eczema differ from sycosis8 ,sycosis is limited to the hairy region of the face1 is distinctly a follicular inflammation1 and is rarely very itchy2 eczema is diffused1 usually involves other parts of the face1 and itching is an annoying symptom4 ,state the general prognosis of eczema4 ,the disease is1 under favorable circumstances1 curable1 some cases yielding more or less readily1 others proving exceedingly rebellious4 ,the length of time to bring about a result is always uncertain1 and an opinion on this point should be guarded4 ,upon what would you base your prognosis in the individual case8 ,the extent of disease1 its duration and previous behavior1 the removability of the exciting and predisposing causes1 and the attention the patient can give to the treatment4 ,in eczema involving the lips1 face1 scrotum1 and leg1 and especially when this last-named exhibits a varicose condition of the veins1 a cure is effected1 as a rule1 only through persistent and prolonged treatment4 ,does eczema ever leave scars8 ,no4 ,upon the legs1 in long-continued cases1 more or less pigmentation usually remains4 ,how is eczema treated8 ,as a rule1 eczema requires for its removal both constitutional and external treatment4 ,certain cases1 however1 seem to be entirely local in their nature1 and in these cases external treatment alone will have satisfactory results4 ,what general measures as to hygiene and diet are commonly advisable8 ,fresh air1 exercise1 moderate indulgence in calisthenics1 regular habits1 a plain1 nutritious diet2 abstention from such articles of food as pork1 salted meat1 acid fruits1 pastry1 gravies1 sauces1 cheese1 pickles1 condiments1 excessive coffee or tea drinking1 etc4 ,as a rule1 also1 beer1 wine1 and other stimulants are to be interdicted4 ,upon what grounds is the line or plan of constitutional treatment to be based8 ,upon indications in the individual case4 ,a careful examination into the patient's general health will usually give the cue to the line of treatment to be adopted4 ,mention the important remedies variously employed in the constitutional treatment4 ,tonics--such as cod-liver oil1 quinine1 nux vomica1 the vegetable bitters1 iron1 arsenic1 malt1 etc4 ,alkalies--sodium salicylate1 potassium bicarbonate1 liquor potassae1 and lithium carbonate4 ,alteratives--calomel1 colchicum1 arsenic1 and potassium iodide4 ,diuretics--potassium acetate1 potassium citrate1 and oil of copaiba4 ,laxatives--the various salines1 aperient spring waters1 castor oil1 cascara sagrada1 aloes and other vegetable cathartics4 ,digestives--pepsin1 pancreatin1 muriatic acid and the various bitter tonics4 ,are there any remedies which have a specific influence8 ,no2 although arsenic1 in exceptional instances1 seems to exert a special action4 ,cod-liver oil is also of great value in some cases4 ,upon the whole the most important remedies are those which keep in view the maintenance of a proper and healthful condition of the gastro-intestinal tract1 and especially with regular and rather free action of the bowels4 ,in what class of cases does arsenic often prove of service8 ,in the sluggish1 dry1 erythematous1 scaly and papular types4 ,in what cases is arsenic usually contraindicated8 ,it should never be employed in acute cases2 nor in any instance 7unless its action is watched71 in which the degree of inflammatory action is marked1 as an aggravation of the disease usually results4 ,what should be the character of the external treatment8 ,it depends mainly upon the degree of inflammatory action2 but the stage of the disease1 the extent involved1 and the ability of the patient to carry out the details of treatment1 also have a bearing upon the selection of the plan to be advised4 ,what is to be said about the use of soap and water in eczema8 ,in acute and subacute conditions soap and water are to be employed1 as a rule1 as infrequently and as sparingly as possible1 as the disease is often aggravated by their too free use4 ,washing is necessary1 however1 for cleanliness and occasionally1 also1 for the removal of the crusts4 ,on the other hand1 in chronic1 sluggish types the use of soap and water frequently has a therapeutic value4 ,how often should remedial applications be made8 ,usually twice daily1 although in some case1 and especially those of an acute type1 applications should be made every few hours4 ,mention several remedies or plans of treatment to be used in the acute or actively inflammatory cases4 ,black wash and oxide-of-zinc ointment conjointly1 the wash thoroughly dabbed on1 allowed to dry1 the parts gently smeared with ointment2 or the ointment may be applied spread on lint as a plaster4 ,boric-acid wash 7#ae grains to the ounce7 and oxide-of-zinc ointment1 applied in the same manner as the above4 ,a lotion containing calamine and zinc oxide1 the sediment drying and coating over the affected surface3-- ,rx ,calaminae1 ,zinci oxidi1 444 aa 444444444 dramij-dramiij ,glycerinae1 ,alcoholis1 44444 aa 444444444 fdramss ,liq4 calcis1 4444444444444444444444 f,ozij ,aquae1 4444444444 q4s4 ad 4444444444 f,ozvj4 ,m4 ,another excellent lotion somewhat similar to the last1 but of oily character1 is made up of three drachms each of calamine and zinc oxide1 one drachm of boric acid1 ten to thirty drops of carbolic acid1 and three ounces each of lime-water and oil of sweet almonds4 ,carbolic-acid lotion1 about two drachms to the pint of water1 to which may be added two or three drachms each of glycerin and alcohol2 or1 if there is intense itching1 carbolic acid may be added to the several washes already mentioned4 ,a lotion made of one or two drachms of liquor carbonis detergens,a to four ounces of water4 ,the following wash1 especially in the dry form of the disease3-- ,rx ,ac4 borici1 44444444444444444444444444 dramiv ,ac4 carbolici1 44444444444444444444444 dramj ,glycerinae1 444444444444444444444444444 dramij ,alcoholis1 444444444444444444444444444 dramij ,aquae1 4444444444444 q4s4 ad 4444444444 ,oj4 ,m4 ,footnote ,a3 ,liquor carbonis detergens is made by mixing together nine ounces of tincture soap bark and four ounces of coal tar1 allowing to digest for eight days1 and filtering4 ,the tincture of soap bark used is made with one pound of soap bark to one gallon of #ie per cent4 alcohol1 digesting for a week or so4 ,instead of the proprietary name above1 ,prof4 ,duhring has suggested that of tinctura picis mineralis comp4 ,dusting-powders1 of starch1 zinc oxide and ,venetian talc1 alone or severally combined1 applied freely and often1 so as to afford protection to the inflamed surface3-- ,rx ,talci venet1 ,zinci oxidi1 4444444 aa 44444444 dramiv ,amyli1 4444444444444444444444444444444 ,ozj ,m4 ,if washes or dusting-powders should disagree or are not desirable or practicable1 ointments may be employed1 such as-- ,oxide-of-zinc ointment1 cold cream1 petrolatum1 plain or carbolated1 diachylon ointment 7if fresh and well prepared71 and a paste-like ointment1 as the following1 usually called salicylic-acid paste2 in markedly itchy cases1 five to fifteen grains of carbolic may be added to each ounce3 ,rx ,ac4 salicylici1 4444444444444444444444 gr4 v-x ,pulv4 amyli1 ,pulv4 zinci oxidi1 4444 aa 44444 dramij ,petrolati1 444444444444444444444444444 dramiv ,m4 ,or the following ointment3-- ,rx ,calaminae1 4444444444444444444444444444 dramj ,ungt4 zinci oxidi1 4444444444444444444 dramvij4 ,m4 ,name several external remedies and combinations useful in eczema of a subacute or mildly inflammatory type4 ,the various remedies and combinations useful when the symptoms are acute or markedly inflammatory 7mentioned above71 and more especially the several following3-- ,rx ,zinci oxidi1 4444444444444444444444444 dramij ,liq4 plumbi subacetat4 dilut41 4444444 fdramvj ,glycerinae1 444444444444444444444444444 fdramij ,infus4 picis liq41 4444444444444444444 f,oziij ,m4 ,a lotion containing resorcin1 five to thirty grains to the ounce4 ,solution of zinc sulphate1 one-half to three grains to the ounce4 ,an ointment containing calomel or ammoniated mercury1 as in the annexed formula3-- ,rx ,hydrargyri ammoniat4 seu ,hydrargyri chloridi mit41 4444444444444444444 gr4 x-xxx ,ac4 carbolici1 444444444444444444444 gr4 v-x ,ungt4 zinci oxidi1 44444444444444444 ,ozj ,m4 ,another formula1 more especially useful in eczema of the hands and legs1 is the following3-- ,rx ,ac4 salicylici1 4444444444444444444444 gr4 xxx ,emp4 plumbi1 ,emp4 saponis1 ,petrolati1 444444 aa 44444444444 ,ozj4 ,m4 7,this is to be applied as a plaster1 spread on strips of lint1 and changed every twelve or twenty-four hours47 ,the paste-like ointment1 referred to as useful in acute eczema1 may also be used with a larger proportion 7#bj to #fj grains to the ounce7 of salicylic acid4 ,the following1 containing tar1 may often be employed with advantage3-- ,rx ,ungt4 picis liq41 44444444444444444444 dramj ,ungt4 zinci oxidi1 4444444444444444444 dramvij4 ,m4 ,what is to be said in regard to the use of tarry applications8 ,ointments or lotions containing tar should always be tried at first upon a limited surface1 as occasionally skins are met with upon which this remedy acts as a more or less violent irritant4 ,the coal tar lotion 7liquor carbonis detergens7 is the least likely to disagree and may be used as a mild ointment1 one or two drachms to the ounce1 or it may be diluted and used as a weak lotion as already referred to4 ,what external remedies are to be employed in eczema of a sluggish type8 ,the various remedies and combinations 7mentioned above7 useful in acute and subacute eczema may often be employed with benefit1 but1 as a rule1 stronger applications are necessary1 especially in the thick and leathery patches4 ,the following are the most valuable3-- ,an ointment of calomel or ammoniated mercury2 forty to sixty grains to the ounce4 ,strong salicylic-acid ointment2 a half to one drachm of salicylic acid to the ounce of lard4 ,tar ointment1 official strength2 or the various tar oils1 alone or with alcohol1 as a lotion1 or in ointment form4 ,liquor picis alkalinus,b is a valuable remedy in chronic thickened1 hard and verrucous patches1 but is a strong preparation and must be used with caution4 ,it is applied diluted1 one part with from eight to thirty-two parts of water2 or in ointment1 one or two drachms to the ounce4 ,in such cases1 also1 the following is useful3-- ,rx ,saponis viridis1 ,picis liq41 ,alcoholis1 4444444444 aa 4444444 dramiij4 ,m4 ,,sig4 ,to be well rubbed in4 ,footnote ,b3 ,rx ,potassae1 44444444444444444444444444444 dramj ,picis liq41 44444444444444444444444444 dramij ,aquae1 44444444444444444444444444444444 dramv4 ,dissolve the potash in the water1 and gradually add to the tar in a mortar1 with thorough stirring4 ,in similar cases1 also1 the parts may be thoroughly washed or scrubbed with sapo viridis and hot water until somewhat tender1 rinsed off1 dried1 and a mild ointment applied as a plaster4 ,lactic acid1 applied with one to ten or more parts of water is also of value in the sclerous and verrucous types4 ,caustic potash solutions1 used cautiously1 may also be occasionally employed to advantage in these cases4 ,another remedy of value in these cases1 as well as in others of more or less limited nature1 is the x-ray4 ,exposures every few days1 of short duration and #d to #aj inches distance1 with medium vacuum tube4 ,this method has served me well in occasional cases2 caution is necessary1 and it should not be pushed further than the production of the mildest reaction4 ,the repeated application of a high-frequency current1 by means of the vacuum electrodes1 is a safer and sometimes an equally beneficial method4 ,is there any method of treating eczema with fixed dressings8 ,several plans have been advised from time to time2 some are costly1 and some require too great attention to details1 and are therefore impracticable for general employment4 ,the following are those in more common use3-- ,the gelatin dressing1 as originally ordered1 is made by melting over a water-bath one part of gelatin in two parts of water--quickly painting it over the diseased area2 it dries rapidly1 and to prevent cracking glycerine is brushed over the surface4 ,or the glycerine may be incorporated with the gelatin and water in the following proportion3 glycerine1 one part2 gelatin1 four parts1 and water eight parts4 ,medicinal substances may be incorporated with the gelatin mixture4 ,a good formula is the following3-- ,rx ,gelatin1 44444444444444444444444444444 ,ozj ,zinci oxidi1 4444444444444444444444444 ,ozss ,glycerini1 444444444444444444444444444 ,oziss ,aquae1 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,ozii-,oziij4 ,this should be prepared over a water-bath1 and two per cent4 ichthyol added4 ,a thin gauze bandage can be applied to the parts over which this dressing is painted1 before it is completely dry2 it makes a comfortable fixed dressing and may remain on several days4 ,plaster-mull and gutta-percha plaster4 ,the plaster-mull1 consisting of muslin incorporated with a layer of stiff ointment1 and the gutta-percha plaster1 consisting of muslin faced with a thin layer of ,india-rubber1 the medication being spread upon the rubber coating4 ,rubber plasters4 ,these are medicated with the various drugs used in the external treatment of skin diseases1 and are often of service in chronic patches4 ,two new excipients for fixed dressings have recently been introduced--bassorin and plasment2 the former is made from gum tragacanth1 and the latter from ,irish moss4 ,the following is a satisfactory formula for a tragacanth dressing3 ,rx ,tragacanth1 44444444444444444444444444 gr4 lxxv ,glycerini1 444444444444444444444444444 minim xxx ,ac4 carbolici1 44444444444444444444444 gr4 x-xx ,zinci oxidi1 4444444444444444444444444 dramiss-dramiiss4 ,m4 ,this is painted over the parts and allowed to dry1 and a mild dusting powder sprinkled over4 ,it cannot be used in warm weather or in folds1 as it is apt to get sticky4 ,the following is a bassorin paste which may be variously medicated4 ,rx ,bassorin1 4444444444444444444444444444 dramx ,dextrin1 44444444444444444444444444444 dramvj ,glycerini1 444444444444444444444444444 ,ozij4 ,aquae1 44444444444444444444444 q4s4 ad4 ,oziij4 ,it should be prepared cold4 ,another drying dressing which may be used in cool weather is3 ,rx ,zinci oxidi1 4444444444444444444444444 ,ozj ,glycerini1 444444444444444444444444444 ,ozss ,mucilag4 acaciae1 444444444444444444444 ,ozii-,oziv4 ,it may be variously medicated4 ,the plaster-mull is used in all types1 especially the acute2 the gelatin dressing1 and the gutta-percha plaster1 in the subacute and chronic2 and the rubber plaster in chronic1 sluggish patches only4 ,acacia1 tragacanth1 bassorin and plasment applications are used in cases of a subacute and chronic character4 ,prurigo4 ,define prurigo4 ,prurigo is a chronic1 inflammatory disease1 characterized by discrete1 pin-head- to small pea-sized1 solid1 firmly-seated1 slightly raised1 pale-red papules1 accompanied by itching and more or less general thickening of the affected skin4 ,describe the symptoms and course of prurigo4 ,the disease first appears upon the tibial regions1 and its earliest manifestation may be urticarial1 but there soon develop the characteristic small1 millet-seed-sized1 or larger1 firm elevations1 which may be of the natural color of the skin or of a pinkish tinge4 ,the lesions1 whilst discrete1 are in great numbers1 and closely crowded4 ,the overlying skin is dry1 rough and harsh2 itching is intense1 and1 as a result of the scratching1 excoriations and blood crusts are commonly present4 ,in consequence of the irritation1 the inguinal glands are enlarged4 ,sooner or later the integument becomes considerably thickened1 hard and rough4 ,eczematous symptoms may be superadded4 ,in severe cases the entire extensor surfaces of the legs and arms1 and in some instances the trunk also1 are invaded4 ,it is worse in the winter season4 ,what is known in regard to etiology and pathology8 ,it is a disease of the ill-fed and neglected1 usually developing in early childhood1 and persisting throughout life4 ,it is extremely rare1 even in its milder types1 in this country4 ,clinically and pathologically it bears some resemblance to papular eczema4 ,give the prognosis and treatment of prurigo4 ,the disease1 in its severer types is1 as a rule1 incurable1 but much can be done to alleviate the condition4 ,good1 nourishing food1 pure air and exercise are of importance4 ,tonics and cod-liver oil are usually beneficial4 ,the local management is similar to that employed in chronic eczema4 ,an ointment of beta-naphthol1 one-half to five per cent4 strength1 is highly extolled4 ,acne4 ,give a definition of acne4 ,acne is an inflammatory1 usually chronic1 disease of the sebaceous glands1 characterized by papules1 tubercles1 or pustules1 or a mixture of these lesions1 and seated usually about the face4 ,at what age does acne usually occur8 ,between the ages of fifteen and thirty1 at which time the glandular structures are naturally more or less active4 ,describe the symptoms of acne4 ,irregularly scattered over the face1 and in some cases also over the neck1 shoulders and upper part of the trunk1 are to be seen several1 fifty or more1 pin-head- to pea-sized papules1 tubercles or pustules2 commonly the eruption is of a mixed type 7acne vulgaris71 the several kinds of lesions in all stages of evolution and subsidence presenting in the single case4 ,interspersed may generally be seen blackheads1 or comedones4 ,the lesions may be sluggish in character1 or they may be markedly inflammatory1 with hard and indurated bases4 ,in the course of several days or weeks1 the papules and tubercles tend gradually to disappear by absorption2 or1 and as commonly the case1 they become pustular1 discharge their contents1 or dry and slowly or rapidly disappear1 with or without leaving a permanent trace1 new lesions arising1 here and there1 to take their place4 ,in exceptional instances the eruption is limited to the back1 and in these cases the eruption is usually extensive and persistent1 and not infrequently leaves scars4 ,what do you understand by acne punctata1 acne papulosa1 acne pustulosa1 acne indurata1 acne atrophica1 acne hypertrophica1 and acne cachecticorum8 ,these several terms indicate that the lesions present are1 for the most part1 of one particular character or variety4 ,describe the lesions giving rise to the names of these various types4 ,blocking up of the outlet of the sebaceous gland 7comedo71 which is usually the beginning of an acne lesion1 may cause a moderate degree of hyperaemia and inflammation1 and a slight elevation1 with a central yellowish or blackish point results--the lesion of acne punctata2 if the inflammation is of a higher grade or progresses1 the elevation is reddened and more prominent--acne papulosa2 if the inflammatory action continues1 the interior or central portion of the papule suppurates and a pustule results--acne pustulosa2 the pustule1 in some cases1 may have a markedly inflammatory and hard base--acne indurata2 and not infrequently the lesions in disappearing may leave a pit-like atrophy or depression--acne atrophica2 or1 on the contrary1 connective-tissue new growth may follow their disappearance--acne hypertrophica2 and1 in strumous or cachectic individuals1 the lesions may be more or less furuncular in type1 often of the nature of dermic abscesses1 usually of a cold or sluggish character1 and of more general distribution--acne cachecticorum4 ,what is acne artificialis8 ,acne artificialis is a term applied to an acne or acne-like eruption produced by the ingestion of certain drugs1 as the bromides and iodides1 and by the external use of tar2 this is also called tar acne4 ,what course does acne pursue8 ,essentially chronic4 ,the individual lesions usually run their course in several days or one or two weeks1 but new lesions continue to appear from time to time1 and the disease thus persists1 with more or less variation1 for months or years4 ,in many cases there is1 toward the age of twenty-five or thirty1 a tendency to spontaneous disappearance of the disease4 ,illustration3 ,acne4 ,is the eruption in acne usually abundant8 ,it varies in different cases and at different periods in the same case4 ,in some instances1 not more than five or ten papules and pustules are present at one time2 in others they may be numerous4 ,not infrequently several lesions make their appearance1 gradually run their course1 and the face continues free for days or one or two weeks4 ,does the eruption in acne disappear without leaving a trace8 ,in many instances no permanent trace remains1 but in others slight or conspicuous scarring is left to mark the site of the lesions4 ,are there any subjective symptoms in acne8 ,as a rule1 not2 but markedly inflammatory lesions are painful4 ,state the immediate or direct cause of an acne lesion4 ,hypersecretion or retention of sebaceous matter4 ,recent investigations point to the possibility of a special bacillus being the exciting cause1 in some instances at least4 ,the pyogenic cocci are added factors in the pustular and furuncular cases4 ,name the indirect or predisposing causes of acne4 ,digestive disturbance1 constipation1 menstrual irregularities1 chlorosis1 general debility1 lack of tone in the muscular fibres of the skin1 scrofulosis2 and medicinal substances such as the iodides and bromides internally1 and tar externally4 ,working in a dusty or dirty atmosphere is often influential1 resulting in a blocking-up of the gland ducts4 ,workmen in paraffin oils or other petroleum products often present a furuncle-like acne4 ,the disease is more common in individuals of light complexion4 ,is there any difficulty in the diagnosis of acne8 ,not if it be remembered that acne eruption is limited to certain parts and is always follicular1 and that the several stages1 from the comedo to the matured lesion1 are usually to be seen in the individual case4 ,in what respect does the pustular syphiloderm differ from acne8 ,by its general distribution1 the longer duration of the individual lesions1 the darker color1 and the presence of concomitant symptoms of syphilis4 ,what is the pathology of acne8 ,primarily1 acne is a folliculitis1 due to retention or decomposition of the sebaceous secretion or to the introduction of a micro-organism2 subsequently1 the tissue immediately surrounding becoming involved1 with the possible destruction of the sebaceous follicle as a result4 ,the degree of inflammatory action determines the character of the lesions4 ,state the prognosis of acne4 ,it is usually an obstinate disease1 but curable4 ,some cases yield readily1 others are exceedingly rebellious1 especially acne of the back4 ,success depends in a great measure upon a recognition and removal of the predisposing condition4 ,treatment is ordinarily a matter of months4 ,what measures of treatment are usually demanded in acne8 ,constitutional and local measures2 the former when indicated1 the latter always4 ,upon what is the constitutional treatment based8 ,upon indications4 ,diet and hygienic measures are important4 ,in dyspepsia and constipation1 bitter tonics1 alkalies1 acids1 pepsin1 saline and vegetable laxatives1 are variously prescribed4 ,special mention may be made of the following3-- ,rx ,ext4 rhamni pursh4 fl41 44444444444444 fdramij-fdramiv ,tinct4 nucis vom41 4444444444444444444 fdramiij ,tinct4 cardamomi comp41 4444444q4s4 ad ,oziij4 ,m4 ,,sig4--fdramt4d4 ,or ,hunyadi ,janos or ,friedrichshall water may be employed for a laxative purpose4 ,in chlorotic and anaemic cases the ferruginous preparations are of advantage4 ,cod-liver oil is often a remedy of great value1 and is especially useful in strumous and debilitated subjects4 ,calx sulphurata in pill form1 one-tenth to one-fourth grain four or five times daily1 is said1 acts well in the pustular variety4 ,in some instances1 more particularly in sluggish papular acne1 arsenic1 especially the sulphide of arsenic1 acts favorably4 ,upon the whole1 the line of treatment that keeps in view proper and healthy action of the gastro-intestinal canal is the most successful4 ,illustration3 ,acne of back4 ,in inflammatory cases occurring in robust individuals the following is often of service3-- ,rx ,potassii acetat41 44444444444444444444 dramiv ,liq4 potassae1 444444444444444444444444 fdramij ,liq4 ammonii acetat41 4444 q4s4 ad 444 f,oziij4 ,m4 ,,sig4--fdramj-fdramij t4d41 largely diluted4 ,state the character of the local treatment in acne4 ,this must vary somewhat with the local conditions4 ,cases which are acute in character1 in the sense that the lesions are markedly hyperaemic1 tender and painful1 require milder applications1 and in exceptional instances soothing remedies are to be prescribed4 ,as a rule1 however1 stimulating applications may be employed from the start4 ,the remedies are1 for obvious reasons1 most conveniently applied at bedtime4 ,what preliminary measures are to be advised in ordinary acne cases8 ,washing the parts gently or vigorously1 according to the irritability of the skin1 with warm water and soap2 subsequently rinsing1 and sponging for several minutes with hot water1 and rubbing dry with a soft towel2 after which the remedial application is made4 ,in sluggish and non-irritable cases sapo viridis or its tincture may often be advantageously used in place of the ordinary toilet soap4 ,the blackheads1 so far as practicable1 are to be removed by pressure with the fingers or with a suitable instrument 7see ,comedo71 and the superficial pustules punctured and the contents pressed out4 ,scraping the affected parts with a blunt curette is a valuable measure1 but is temporarily disfiguring4 ,as a rule1 however1 cases do just as well without puncturing and scraping1 and these methods sometimes leave behind scarring4 ,state the methods of external medication commonly employed4 ,by ointments and lotions4 ,if an ointment is used1 it is to be thoroughly rubbed in1 in small quantity2 if a lotion is employed1 it is to be well shaken1 the parts freely dabbed with it for several minutes and then allowed to dry on4 ,state the object in view in local medication4 ,to hasten the maturation and disappearance of the existing lesions1 and to stimulate the skin and glands to healthy action4 ,if slight irritation or scaliness results1 the application is to be intermitted one or two nights2 in the meantime nothing except the hot-water sponging1 with or without the application of a mild soothing ointment1 is to be employed4 ,is it usually necessary to change from one external remedy to another in the course of treatment8 ,yes4 ,after a certain time one remedy1 as a rule1 loses its effect1 and a change from lotion to ointment or the reverse1 and from one lotion or ointment to another1 will often be found necessary in order to bring about continuous improvement4 ,name the various important remedies and combinations employed in the external treatment of acne4 ,sulphur is the most valuable4 ,it may often be applied with benefit as a simple ointment3-- ,rx ,sulphur1 praecip41 44444444444444444444 dramss-dramj ,adipis benz4 ,lanolin1 444444444444 aa 4444444 dramij4 ,or it may be used as a lotion1 as in the annexed formula3-- ,rx ,sulphur1 praecip41 44444444444444444444 dramiss ,pulv4 tragacanthae1 4444444444444444444 gr4 x#a ,pulv4 camphorae1 4444444444444444444444 gr4 xx ,liq4 calcis1 44444444 q4s4 ad 44444444 f,oziv4 ,m4 ,another lotion1 especially useful in those cases in which an oily condition of the skin is present1 is the following3-- ,rx ,sulphur1 praecip41 44444444444444444444 dramiss ,etheris1 44444444444444444444444444444 fdramiv ,alcoholis1 444444444444444444444444444 f,oziijss4 ,m4 ,a compound lotion containing sulphur in one of its combinations is also valuable in many cases3-- ,rx ,zinci sulphatis1 ,potassii sulphureti1 4444 aa 444 dramss-dramiv ,aquae1 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,oziv4 ,m4 7,the salts should be dissolved separately and then mixed2 reaction takes place and the resulting lotion1 when shaken1 is milky in appearance1 and free from odor2 allowed to stand the particles settle1 the sediment constituting about one-fourth to three-fourths of the whole bulk74 ,at times the addition to this formula of several drachms of alcohol and of five to ten minims of glycerin is of advantage4 ,an external remedy1 often valuable1 is ichthyol4 ,it is thus prescribed3-- ,rx ,ichthyol1 4444444444444444444444444444 dramss-dramj ,cerat4 simp41 444444444444444444444444 dramiv4 ,m4 ,the various mercurial ointments1 especially one of white precipitate1 five to fifteen per cent4 strength1 are sometimes beneficial4 ,a compound lotion1 containing mercury1 which frequently proves serviceable1 is3-- ,rx ,hydrarg4 chlorid4 corros41 44444444444 gr4 ii-viij ,zinci sulphatis1 444444444444444444444 gr4 x-xx ,tinct4 benzoini1 444444444444444444444 fdramij ,aquae1 444444444444 q4s4 ad 44444444444 f,oziv4 ,in extremely sluggish cases the following1 used cautiously1 is of value3-- ,rx ,ichthyol1 ,saponis viridis1 ,sulphur1 praecip41 ,lanolin1 4444444444444 aa 444444 dramj4 ,in such instances the application of a strong alcoholic resorcin lotion1 ten to twenty-five per cent4 strength1 repeated several times daily till marked irritation and exfoliation occur 7a matter usually of one to three days71 will sometimes be followed by marked improvement4 ,acne of the back is treated with the same applications1 but usually stronger2 in this region applications of ,vleminckx's solution and formaldehyde solution1 weakened considerably1 at first at least1 prove of value4 ,obstinate and indurated lesions may be incised1 the contents pressed out1 and the interior touched with carbolic acid by means of a pointed stick4 ,the x-ray has proved a most valuable addition to our resources in the treatment of acne1 and is especially serviceable in extensive and obstinate cases4 ,an exposure should be made about twice weekly1 at a distance of five to ten inches and for from three to ten minutes1 and a tube of medium vacuum used4 ,it must be used with great caution and never beyond the production of the mildest erythema4 ,the hair1 eyes1 and lips should be protected4 ,the x-ray treatment is best reserved for obstinate cases1 and then used mildly1 and rather as an adjuvant to the ordinary methods than as the sole measure4 ,what precaution is to be taken in advising a change from a sulphur to a mercurial preparation or the reverse8 ,several days should be allowed to intervene1 otherwise a disagreeable1 although temporary1 staining or darkening of the skin results--from the formation of the black sulphuret of mercury4 ,acne ,rosacea4 ,give a descriptive definition of acne rosacea4 ,acne rosacea is a chronic1 hyperaemic or inflammatory disease1 limited to the face1 especially to the nose and cheeks1 characterized by redness1 dilatation and enlargement of the bloodvessels1 more or less acne and hypertrophy4 ,describe the symptoms of acne rosacea4 ,the disease may be slight or well-marked4 ,redness1 capillary dilatation1 and acne lesions seated on the nose and cheeks1 and sometimes on chin and forehead also1 constitute in most cases the entire symptomatology4 ,a mild variety consists in simple redness or hyperaemia1 involving the nose chiefly and often exclusively1 and is to be looked upon as a passive congestion2 this is not uncommon in young adults and is often associated with an oily seborrhoea of the same parts4 ,in many cases the condition does not progress beyond this stage4 ,in other cases1 however1 sooner or later the dilated capillaries become permanently enlarged 7telangiectasis7 and acne lesions are often present--constituting the middle stage or grade of the disease2 this is the type most frequently met with4 ,in exceptional instances1 still further hypertrophy of the bloodvessels ensues1 the glands are enlarged1 and a variable degree of connective-tissue new growth is added2 this latter is usually slight1 but may be excessive1 the nose presenting an enlarged and lobulated appearance 7rhinophyma74 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #be4 ,acne ,rosacea4 ,are there any subjective symptoms in acne rosacea8 ,as a rule1 no4 ,some of the acne lesions may be tender and painful1 and at times there is a feeling of heat and burning4 ,what do you know in regard to the etiology8 ,in many cases the causes are obscure4 ,chronic digestive and intestinal disorders1 anaemia1 chlorosis1 continued exposure to heat or cold1 menstrual and uterine irregularities1 and the too free use of spirituous liquors1 tea1 etc4 are often responsible factors4 ,it is essentially a disease of adult life1 common about middle age1 occurring in both sexes1 but rarely reaching the same degree of development in women as observed at times in men4 ,is acne rosacea easily recognized8 ,yes4 ,the redness1 acne lesions1 dilated capillaries1 and1 at times1 the glandular and connective-tissue hypertrophy2 the limitation of the eruption to the face1 especially the region of the nose2 the evident involvement of the sebaceous glands1 the absence of ulceration1 taken with the history of the case1 are characteristic4 ,it is to be distinguished from the tubercular syphiloderm and lupus vulgaris1 diseases to which it may bear rough resemblance4 ,state the prognosis of acne rosacea4 ,all cases may be favorably influenced by treatment2 the mild and moderately-developed types are1 as a rule1 curable1 but usually obstinate4 ,it is a persistent disease1 showing little1 if any1 tendency to disappear spontaneously4 ,what is the method of treatment8 ,both constitutional and local measures are demanded in most cases4 ,upon what is the constitutional treatment to be based8 ,the constitutional treatment1 beyond a regulation of the diet1 is to be based upon a correct appreciation of the etiological factors in the individual case4 ,there are no special remedies4 ,iron1 cod-liver oil1 tonics1 ergot1 alkalies1 saline laxatives1 and similar drugs are to be variously prescribed4 ,what is the external treatment8 ,in many respects1 both as to the preliminary measures and remedies1 essentially the same as that employed in the treatment of simple acne 7q4 v474 ,the x-ray treatment is not so efficient in this disease1 however1 as in acne4 ,in addition to the treatment there found1 several other applications deserve mention3-- ,in many cases ,vleminckx's solution,c is valuable1 applied diluted with one to ten parts of water4 ,also1 a mucilaginous paste containing sulphur3-- ,rx ,mucilag4 acaciae1 444444444444444444444 fdramiij ,glycerinae1 444444444444444444444444444 fdramij ,sulphur1 praecip41 44444444444444444444 dramiij4 ,m4 ,footnote ,c3 ,rx ,calcis1 444444444444444444444444444444 ,ozss ,sulph4 sublimat41 44444444444444444444 ,ozj ,aquae1 44444444444444444444444444444444 ,ozx4 ,to be boiled down to ,ozvj and filtered4 ,or a similar paste with the glycerine in the foregoing replaced with ichthyol may be used4 ,in what manner are the dilated bloodvessels and connective-tissue hypertrophy to be treated8 ,the enlarged capillaries are to be destroyed by incision or by electrolysis4 ,properly managed the vessels may be thus destroyed1 but unless the predisposing causes have disappeared or have been remedied1 a new growth may take place4 ,if the knife is employed1 the vessels are either slit in their length or cut transversely at several points4 ,the method by electrolysis is the same as used in the removal of superfluous hair 7q4 v4742 the needle may1 if the vessel is short1 be inserted along its calibre1 or if long1 may be inserted at several points in its length4 ,excessive connective-tissue growth1 exceptionally met with1 is to be treated by ablation with the scissors or knife4 ,acne ,varioliformis4 7,synonyms3 ,acne ,frontalis2 ,acne ,rodens2 ,acne ,necrotica2 ,lupoid ,acne2 ,necrotic ,granuloma47 ,describe acne varioliformis4 ,acne varioliformis is characterized by lesions of a moderately superficial papulo-pustular type1 which in disappearing leave slight or pit-like scars4 ,the forehead and scalp are the favorite sites1 but they may also occur elsewhere4 ,the eruption is rather scanty as a rule1 consisting usually of ten to thirty lesions4 ,they begin as small maculo-papules1 as papules1 or as minute nodules in or on the skin1 and gradually become small pea-sized1 with a tendency to slight vesiculation or pustulation at the central part4 ,the lesion is sluggish in its course1 drying to a thin crust1 which finally falls off1 leaving a depressed variola-like scar4 ,new lesions arise from time to time1 and the disease thus continues almost indefinitely4 ,there may or may not be itching4 ,in what appears to be a variety of this disease1 known usually as acne urticata1 there is considerable itching just at the time the lesion is appearing4 ,the malady is not frequent1 but occurs in both sexes1 usually in those between the ages of twenty and fifty4 ,it seems probable that the eruption is parasitic in origin4 ,the maladies variously known as hydradenitis suppurativa1 acnitis1 spiradenitis1 folliclis1 granuloma necroticum1 etc41 in which the lesions1 primarily at least1 are somewhat deeper seated1 sluggish in their course1 and followed by scarring1 could be also included under this head4 ,give the prognosis and treatment4 ,the disease is rebellious and tends to recur4 ,the most efficient applications are those of sulphur and resorcin1 the same as prescribed in ordinary acne4 ,sycosis4 7,synonyms3 ,sycosis ,vulgaris2 ,sycosis ,non-parasitica2 ,folliculitis ,barbae2 ,sycosis ,coccogenica47 ,what do you understand by sycosis8 ,sycosis is a chronic1 inflammatory affection involving the hair-follicles1 usually of the moustache and bearded regions only1 and characterized by papules1 tubercles1 and pustules perforated by hairs4 ,describe the symptoms of sycosis4 ,sycosis begins by the formation of papules and pustules about the hair-follicles2 the lesions occur in numbers1 in close proximity1 and together with the accompanying inflammation1 make up a small or large area4 ,the pustules are small1 rounded1 flat or acuminated1 discrete1 and yellowish in color2 they are perforated by hairs1 show no tendency to rupture1 and are apt to occur in crops1 drying to thin yellowish or brownish crusts4 ,papules and tubercles are often intermingled4 ,more or less swelling and infiltration are noticeable4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bf4 ,sycosis--not infrequently begins in1 and sometimes limited to1 this region4 ,the disease is seen1 as a rule1 only on the bearded part of the face1 either about the cheeks1 chin or upper lip1 involving a small portion or the whole of these parts4 ,it is also sometimes met with involving the hair follicles just within the nasal orifice1 and may even be limited to this region4 ,occasionally a sycosiform eruption1 usually of the side of the bearded region1 leaves behind a smooth or keloidal scar1 the disease gradually extending--ulerythema sycosiforme 7lupoid sycosis74 ,an inflammation of the hair-follicles of the scalp apparently sycosiform in character1 occurring as discrete or aggregated lesions1 is sometimes observed1 the follicles being destroyed and atrophy or slight scarring resulting--folliculitis decalvans4 ,does conspicuous hair loss occur in sycosis8 ,ordinarily not2 the hairs are1 especially at first1 usually firmly seated1 but in those cases in which suppuration is active1 and has involved the follicles1 they may1 as a rule1 be easily extracted4 ,in some cases destruction of the follicles ensues and slight scarring and permanent hair loss result4 ,state the character of the subjective symptoms4 ,pain and itching and a sense of burning1 variable as to degree1 may be present4 ,what is the course of the disease8 ,essentially chronic1 the inflammatory action being of a subacute or sluggish character1 with acute exacerbations4 ,state the causes of sycosis4 ,upon the upper lip it may have its origin in a nasal catarrh4 ,entrance into the follicles of pyogenic micrococci is now regarded as the essential factor4 ,this view being accepted1 carries with it the possibility of contagiousness4 ,it is seen in the male sex only1 usually in those between the ages of twenty-five and fifty2 and is met with in those in good and bad health1 and among rich and poor4 ,it is comparatively infrequent4 ,what is the pathology of sycosis8 ,the disease is primarily a perifolliculitis1 the follicle and its sheath subsequently becoming involved in the inflammatory process4 ,how would you distinguish sycosis from eczema8 ,eczema is rarely sharply limited to the bearded region1 but is apt to involve other parts of the face2 moreover1 the lesions are usually confluent1 and there is either an oozing1 red crusted surface1 or it is dry and scaly4 ,how would you exclude tinea sycosis in the diagnosis8 ,in tinea sycosis1 or ringworm sycosis1 the history of the case is different4 ,the parts are distinctly lumpy and nodular2 the hairs are soon involved and become dry1 brittle1 loose1 and fall out1 or they may be readily extracted4 ,the superficial type of ringworm sycosis is readily distinguished by the ring-like character of the patches4 ,in doubtful cases1 microscopic examination of the hairs may be resorted to4 ,give the prognosis of sycosis4 ,the disease is curable1 but almost invariably obstinate and rebellious to treatment4 ,the duration1 extent1 and character of the inflammatory process must all be considered4 ,an expression of an opinion as to the length of time required for a cure should always be guarded4 ,ulerythema sycosiforme is extremely obstinate4 ,folliculitis decalvans is also rebellious4 ,how is sycosis to be treated8 ,mainly1 and often exclusively1 by external applications4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bg4 ,sycosis4 ,is constitutional treatment of no avail in sycosis8 ,in some instances2 but1 as a rule1 it is negative4 ,if indicated1 such remedies as tonics1 alteratives1 cod-liver oil and the like are to be prescribed4 ,describe the external treatment4 ,crusting1 if present1 is to be removed by warm embrocations4 ,if the inflammation is of a high grade1 and the parts tender and painful1 soothing applications1 such as bland oils1 black wash and oxide-of-zinc ointment1 cold cream and petrolatum1 are to be used2 boric-acid solution1 fifteen grains to the ounce1 may be advised in place of black wash4 ,in most cases1 however1 astringent and stimulating remedies are demanded from the start1 such as3 diachylon ointment1 alone or with ten to thirty grains of calomel to the ounce2 oleate of mercury1 as a five- to twenty-per-cent4 ointment2 precipitated sulphur1 one to three drachms to the ounce of benzoated lard1 or lard and lanolin2 a ten- to twenty-five-per-cent4 ichthyol ointment2 and resorcin lotion or ointment1 ten to twenty per cent4 strength4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bh4 ,sycosis4 ,a change from one application to another will be found necessary in almost all cases4 ,in obstinate cases the x-ray treatment can be used1 as it has proved itself valuable in some instances2 as in other diseases1 it should be employed cautiously4 ,what would you advise in regard to shaving8 ,when bearable 7and after a few days' application of soothing remedies it almost always is71 it is to be advised in all cases1 as it materially aids in the treatment4 ,after a cure is effected it should be continued for some months1 until the healthy condition of the parts is thoroughly established4 ,when is depilation advisable as a therapeutic measure8 ,when the suppurative process is active1 in order to save the follicles from destruction2 incising or puncturing the pustules will often accomplish the same end4 ,depilation is in all cases a valuable therapeutic measure1 but it is painful2 as a routine practice1 shaving is less objectionable and1 upon the whole1 is probably as satisfactory4 ,those who make free use of the x-ray commonly push it to the point of producing depilation4 ,dermatitis ,papillaris ,capillitii4 7,synonym3 ,acne ,keloid47 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #bi4 ,dermatitis ,papillaris ,capillitii4 ,describe dermatitis papillaris capillitii4 ,this is a peculiar1 mildly inflammatory1 sycosiform1 keloidal1 acne-like disease of the hairy border of the back of the neck1 often extending upward to the occipital region2 partaking1 especially later in its course1 somewhat of the nature of keloid4 ,several or more acne-like lesions1 papular and pustular1 closely grouped or bunched1 appear1 developing slowly1 usually to the size of peas2 are red1 pale red1 or whitish1 often enveloping small tufts of hair1 and attended with more or less hair loss4 ,its course is gradual and persistent4 ,it is an exceedingly rare condition1 the exact nature of which is still obscure4 ,give the treatment4 ,treatment1 which is usually unsatisfactory1 consists of stimulating applications--the same1 in fact1 as employed in sycosis1 sulphur and ichthyol deserving special mention4 ,depilation is essential4 ,impetigo ,contagiosa4 ,give a descriptive definition of impetigo contagiosa4 ,impetigo contagiosa is an acute1 contagious1 inflammatory disease1 characterized by the formation of discrete1 superficial1 flat1 rounded1 or ovalish vesicles or blebs1 soon becoming vesico-pustular1 and drying to thin yellowish crusts4 ,upon what parts does the eruption commonly appear8 ,upon the face1 scalp1 and hands1 and exceptionally upon other regions4 ,describe the symptoms of impetigo contagiosa4 ,one1 several or more small pin-head-sized papulo-vesicles or vesicles make their appearance1 usually upon the face and fingers4 ,in the male adult the region of the neck and beard is a favorite situation4 ,they increase in size by extending peripherally1 but are more or less flattened and umbilicated1 and are without conspicuous areola4 ,the lesions may attain the size of a dime or larger1 and when close together may coalesce and form a large patch4 ,in some cases distinct blebs result1 and a picture of pemphigus eruption presented2 it is probable that many of the cases of contagious pemphigus belong to this class4 ,new lesions may appear for several days1 but finally1 in the course of a week or ten days1 they have all dried to thin1 wafer-like crusts1 of a straw or light-yellow color1 but slightly adherent1 and appearing as if stuck on2 these soon drop off1 leaving faint reddish spots1 which gradually fade4 ,in some cases there is so decided a tendency to clear and dry up centrally while spreading peripherally that the eruption has a ring-like aspect2 this seems especially so in the bearded region of the male adult4 ,instead of presenting as described1 it may occur as one or more pea- or finger-nail-sized1 rounded and elevated1 usually firm1 discrete pustules1 scattered over one part1 or more commonly over various regions1 such as the face1 hands1 feet and lower extremities4 ,the pustules are such from the beginning1 and when developed are usually of the size of a pea or finger-nail1 elevated1 semi-globular or rounded1 with somewhat thick and tough walls1 and of a whitish or yellowish color2 at first there may be a slight inflammatory areola1 but as the lesion matures this almost1 if not entirely1 disappears4 ,the pustules show no disposition to umbilication1 rupture or coalescence2 drying in the course of several days or a week to yellowish or brownish crusts1 which soon drop off1 leaving no permanent trace4 ,this variety was formerly thought to be a distinct disease1 and was described under the name of impetigo simplex4 ,as a rule there are no constitutional symptoms1 but in the more severe cases the eruption may be preceded by febrile disturbance and malaise4 ,itching may or may not be present4 ,state the cause of the disease4 ,it is contagious1 the contents of the lesions being inoculable and auto-inoculable4 ,at times it seems to prevail in epidemic form4 ,pyogenic microorganisms are now regarded as causative4 ,a relationship to vaccination has been alleged by some observers4 ,it is more commonly observed in infants and young children4 ,from what diseases is impetigo contagiosa to be differentiated8 ,from eczema1 pemphigus1 and ecthyma4 ,how does impetigo contagiosa differ from these several diseases8 ,by the character of the lesions1 their growth1 their superficial nature1 their course1 the absence of an inflammatory base and areola1 the thin1 yellowish1 wafer-like crusts1 and usually a history of contagion4 ,state the prognosis4 ,the effect of treatment is usually prompt4 ,the disease1 indeed1 tends to spontaneous disappearance in two to four weeks2 in exceptional instances1 more especially in those cases in which itching is present1 the excoriations or scratch-marks become inoculated1 and in this way it may persist several weeks4 ,what is the treatment of impetigo contagiosa8 ,treatment consists in the destruction of the auto-inoculable properties of the contents of the lesions2 this is effected by removing the crusts by means of warm water-and-soap washings1 and subsequently rubbing in an ointment of ammoniated mercury1 ten to twenty grains to the ounce4 ,some cases respond more rapidly to the use of a drying ointment1 such as ,lassar's paste1 with ten to twenty grains of white precipitate or sulphur to the ounce4 ,in itching cases1 a saturated solution of boric acid1 or a carbolic-acid lotion1 one to two drachms to the pint1 is to be employed for general application4 ,impetigo ,herpetiformis4 ,describe impetigo herpetiformis4 ,impetigo herpetiformis is an extremely rare disease1 observed usually in pregnant women1 and is characterized by the appearance of numerous isolated and closely-crowded pin-head-sized superficial pustules1 which show a decided disposition to the formation of circular groups or patches4 ,the central portion of these groups dries to crusts1 while new pustules appear at the peripheral portion4 ,they tend to coalesce1 and in this manner a greater part of the whole surface may1 in the course of weeks or months1 become involved4 ,profound constitutional disturbance1 usually of a septic character1 precedes and accompanies the disease2 in almost every instance a fatal termination sooner or later results4 ,it is possibly a grave type of dermatitis herpetiformis4 ,ecthyma4 ,give a descriptive definition of ecthyma4 ,ecthyma is a disease characterized by the appearance of one1 several or more discrete1 finger-nail-sized1 flat1 usually markedly inflammatory pustules4 ,describe the symptoms and course of ecthyma4 ,the lesions begin as small1 usually pea-sized1 pustules2 increase somewhat in area1 and when fully developed are dime-sized1 or larger1 somewhat flat1 with a markedly inflammatory base and areola4 ,at first yellowish they soon become1 from the admixture of blood1 reddish1 and dry to brownish crusts1 beneath which will be found superficial excoriations4 ,the individual pustules are usually somewhat acute in their course1 but new lesions may continue to appear from day to day or week to week4 ,as a rule1 not more than five to twenty are present at one time1 and in most cases they are seated on the legs4 ,more or less pigmentation1 and sometimes superficial scarring1 may remain to mark the site of the lesions4 ,itching is rarely present1 but there may be more or less pain and tenderness4 ,what is the cause of ecthyma8 ,it is essentially a disease of the poorly cared-for and ill-fed2 the direct exciting cause is the introduction of pyogenic microorganisms into the follicular openings4 ,it is closely allied to impetigo contagiosa1 and may in fact be regarded as a markedly inflammatory form of the latter affection4 ,it seems much less contagious1 however4 ,it is commonly observed in male adults4 ,from what diseases is ecthyma to be differentiated8 ,from impetigo contagiosa1 and the flat pustular syphiloderm4 ,how is it distinguished from these several diseases8 ,the size1 shape1 inflammatory action1 and the depraved general condition1 the distribution and lesser-contagiousness will distinguish it from impetigo contagiosa2 and the absence of concomitant symptoms of syphilis1 and of positive ulceration1 as well as its distribution and more rapid and inflammatory course1 will exclude the pustular syphiloderm4 ,state the prognosis4 ,the disease is readily curable1 disappearing upon the removal of the predisposing cause and the employment of local antiseptic applications4 ,what treatment is to be advised8 ,good food1 proper hygiene and tonic remedies2 and1 locally1 removal of the crusts and stimulation of the underlying surface with an ointment of ammoniated mercury1 ten to thirty grains to the ounce4 ,the following mild antiseptic lotion1 which materially lessens the tendency to the formation of new lesions1 may be applied to the affected region two or three times daily3-- ,rx ,acidi borici1 444444444444444444444444 dramiv ,resorcini1 444444444444444444444444444 dramij ,glycerinae1 444444444444444444444444444 fdramij ,alcoholis1 444444444444444444444444444 f,ozj ,aquae1 44444444444 q4s4 ad 444444444444 ,oj4 ,m4 ,a weak lotion of thymol1 corrosive sublimate or ichthyol would doubtless be equally effectual4 ,pemphigus4 ,what do you understand by pemphigus8 ,pemphigus is an acute or chronic disease characterized by the successive formation of irregularly-scattered1 variously-sized blebs4 ,name the varieties met with4 ,two varieties are usually described--pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus4 ,describe the symptoms and course of pemphigus vulgaris4 ,with or without precursory symptoms of systemic disturbance1 irregularly scattered blebs1 few or in numbers1 make their appearance1 arising from erythematous spots or from apparently normal skin4 ,they vary in size from a pea to a large egg1 are rounded or ovalish1 usually distended1 and contain a yellowish fluid which1 later1 becomes cloudy or puriform4 ,if ruptured1 the rete is exposed1 but the skin soon regains its normal condition2 if undisturbed1 the fluid usually disappears by absorption4 ,each lesion runs its course in several days or a week4 ,a grave type of pemphigus is exceptionally observed in the newborn--pemphigus neonatorum4 ,what course does pemphigus vulgaris pursue8 ,usually chronic4 ,the disease may subside in several months and the process come to an end1 constituting the acute type4 ,as a rule1 however1 the disease is chronic1 new blebs continuing to appear from time to time for an indefinite period4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cj4 ,pemphigus 7mulatto74 ,in what respects does the severe form of pemphigus vulgaris differ from the ordinary type8 ,in the severe or malignant type the eruption is more profuse2 there is marked1 and often grave1 systemic depression1 and the lesions are attended with ulcerative action4 ,describe the symptoms and course of pemphigus foliaceus4 ,in this1 the grave type of the disease1 the blebs are loose and flaccid1 with milky or puriform contents1 rupturing and drying to crusts1 which are cast off1 disclosing the reddened corium4 ,new blebs appear on the sites of disappearing or half-ruptured lesions1 and the whole surface may be thus involved and the disease continue for years1 compromising the general health and eventually ending fatally4 ,in some cases of pemphigus 7pemphigus vegetans7 a vegetating or papillomatous condition develops from the base of the lesion1 with an offensive discharge2 it is usually a grave type of the malady4 ,exceptionally cases 7dermatitis vegetans7 are met with which have a close similarity in their symptoms to pemphigus vegetans1 but in which the eruption is more or less limited to the genitocrural region4 ,the disorder is not malignant and usually yields to cleanliness and antiseptics4 ,what is the character of the subjective symptoms in pemphigus8 ,the subjective symptoms consist variously of heat1 tenderness1 pain1 burning and itching1 and may be slight or troublesome4 ,what is known in regard to the etiology of pemphigus8 ,the causes are obscure2 general debility1 overwork1 shock1 nervous exhaustion1 and septic conditions 7microorganisms7 are thought to be of influence4 ,there seems no doubt that those who have to do with cattle products1 especially butchers1 are subjects of acute and usually grave pemphigus4 ,vaccination has exceptionally been responsible for the disease1 probably through some coincidental infection4 ,the disease is not contagious1 nor is it due to syphilis4 ,it may occur at any age4 ,it is a rare disease1 especially in this country4 ,most of the cases diagnosed as pemphigus by the inexperienced are examples of bullous urticaria1 bullous erythema multiforme1 and impetigo contagiosa4 ,what is the pathology8 ,the lesions are superficially seated1 usually between the horny layer and upper part of the rete4 ,round-cell infiltration and dilated blood vessels are found about the papillae and in the subcutaneous tissue4 ,the contents of the blebs1 always of alkaline reaction1 are at first serous1 later containing blood corpuscles1 pus1 fatty-acid crystals1 epithelial cells1 and occasionally uric acid crystals and free ammonia4 ,from what diseases is pemphigus to be differentiated8 ,from herpes iris1 the bullous syphiloderm1 impetigo contagiosa and dermatitis herpetiformis4 ,how do these several diseases differ from pemphigus8 ,the acute course1 small lesions1 concentric arrangement1 variegated colors1 and distribution1 in herpes iris2 the thick1 bulky1 greenish crusts1 the underlying ulceration1 the course1 history1 and the presence of concomitant symptoms of syphilis1 in the bullous syphiloderm2 the history1 course1 distribution1 the character of the crusting1 and the contagious and auto-inoculable properties of the contents of the lesions1 in impetigo contagiosa2 the tendency to appear in groups1 the smaller lesions1 the intense itchiness1 course1 multiform characters of the eruption and the disposition to change of type in dermatitis herpetiformis1--will serve as differential points4 ,state the prognosis of pemphigus4 ,its duration is uncertain1 and the issue may in severe cases be fatal4 ,in the milder types1 after months or several years1 recovery may take place4 ,the extent and severity of the disease and the general condition of the patient are always to be considered before an opinion is expressed4 ,pemphigus neonatorum usually ends fatally4 ,give the treatment of pemphigus4 ,both constitutional and local measures are demanded4 ,good nutritious food and hygienic regulations are essential4 ,arsenic and quinia are the most valuable remedies4 ,the former1 in occasional instances1 seems to have a specific influence1 and should always be tried1 beginning with small doses and increasing gradually to the point of tolerance and continued for several weeks or longer4 ,the remedy should not be set aside as long as there are signs of improvement1 unless the supervention of stomachic1 intestinal or other disturbance demand its discontinuance4 ,other tonics1 such as iron1 strychnia and cod-liver oil1 are also at times of service4 ,the blebs should be opened and the parts anointed or covered with a mild ointment4 ,in more general cases bran1 starch and gelatin baths1 and in severe cases the continuous bath1 if practicable1 are to be used4 ,,class ,,iii4--,,hemorrhages4 ,purpura4 ,define purpura4 ,purpura is a hemorrhagic affection characterized by the appearance of variously-sized1 usually non-elevated1 smooth1 reddish or purplish spots or patches1 not disappearing under pressure4 ,name the several varieties met with4 ,three--purpura simplex1 purpura rheumatica and purpura haemorrhagica2 denoting1 respectively1 the mild1 moderate and severe grade of the disease4 ,the division is1 to a great extent1 an arbitrary one4 ,describe the clinical appearance and course of an individual lesion of purpura4 ,the spot1 which may be pin-head1 pea-1 bean-sized or larger1 appears suddenly1 and is of a bright red or purplish red color4 ,its brightness gradually fades1 the color changing to a bluish1 bluish-green1 bluish- or greenish-yellow1 dirty yellowish1 yellowish-white1 and finally disappearing2 varying in duration from several days to several weeks4 ,describe the symptoms of purpura simplex4 ,purpura simplex1 or the mild form1 shows itself as pin-point to pea- or bean-sized1 bright or dark-red spots1 limited1 as a rule1 to the limbs1 especially the lower extremities2 fading gradually away and coming to an end in a few weeks1 or new crops appearing irregularly for several months4 ,there is rarely any systemic disturbance1 and1 as a rule1 no subjective symptoms2 in exceptional cases an urticarial element is added--purpura urticans4 ,describe the symptoms of purpura rheumatica4 ,purpura rheumatica 7also called peliosis rheumatica7 is usually preceded by symptoms of malaise1 rheumatic pains and sometimes swelling about the joints2 these phenomena abate and frequently disappear upon the outbreak of the eruption4 ,the lesions are pea- to dime-sized1 smooth1 non-elevated1 or slightly raised1 and of a reddish or purplish color2 the eruption may be more or less generalized1 most abundant upon the limbs1 or it may be limited to these parts4 ,it may end in a few weeks1 or may persist for several months1 new spots appearing irregularly or in the form of crops4 ,as somewhat allied to this is another form 7,schoenlein's disease71 quite alarming in its symptoms4 ,it is rare4 ,it is characterized by symptoms partaking of the nature of rheumatism1 purpuric spots1 blotches and ecchymoses1 erythema multiforme1 and often associated with considerable edema4 ,the throat is also usually invaded1 and indeed the first symptom is commonly in this region4 ,considerable constitutional disturbance1 of a threatening character1 is commonly observed4 ,recovery usually takes place4 ,henoch's purpura1 observed chiefly in children1 resembles the above1 with the erythema multiforme character and the oedematous swellings more pronounced1 while the actual purpuric symptoms are less conspicuous4 ,gastric and intestinal symptoms and hemorrhages from the mucous membrane are commonly noted4 ,it is fatal in about #bj per cent4 of the cases4 ,describe the symptoms of purpura haemorrhagica4 ,purpura haemorrhagica 7also called land scurvy7 is characterized usually by premonitory1 and frequently accompanying1 symptoms of general distress1 and by the appearance of coin to palm-sized1 red or purplish hemorrhagic spots or patches1 smooth1 non-elevated or raised4 ,hemorrhage from the mouth1 gums and other parts1 slight or serious in character1 may occur4 ,new lesions continue to appear for several days or weeks2 and in exceptional instances1 repeated relapses take place1 and the disease thus persists for months4 ,it may end fatally4 ,state the etiology of purpura4 ,in most instances no cause can be assigned4 ,the disease occurs at all ages from childhood to advanced life1 and in individuals1 apparently1 in good and bad health alike4 ,the hemorrhagic type is oftener seen in subjects debilitated or in a depraved state of health4 ,a microorganism is also looked upon as a factor by some observers1 especially in the grave type of disease4 ,state the diagnostic characters of purpura4 ,the appearance1 irregularly or in crops1 of bright-red or purplish spots1 evidently of hemorrhagic nature1 and not disappearing upon pressure1 and as they are fading1 going through the several changes of color usually observed in any ecchymosis4 ,how does scurvy 7scorbutus7 differ from purpura8 ,scurvy1 which may resemble the severe grade of purpura1 has a different history1 a recognizable cause1 usually a peculiar distribution1 and is accompanied with general weakness and a spongy1 soft and bleeding condition of the gums4 ,what is the pathology of purpura8 ,the lesion of purpura consists essentially of a hemorrhage into the cutaneous tissues4 ,the blood is subsequently absorbed1 the haematin undergoing changes of color from a red to greenish and pale yellow1 and finally fading away4 ,state the prognosis ,the milder varieties disappear in the course of several weeks or months1 and are rarely of serious import2 the outcome of purpura haemorrhagica is somewhat uncertain2 although usually favorable1 a fatal result from internal hemorrhage is possible4 ,the variety known as ,schoenlein's disease is alarming1 but seldom fatal4 ,henoch's disease is1 however1 always of grave import4 ,what is the treatment of purpura8 ,hygienic and dietary measures1 the administration of tonics and astringents1 and1 in severe cases1 by relative or absolute rest4 ,the drugs commonly prescribed are3 ergot1 oil of erigeron1 oil of turpentine1 quinia1 strychnia1 iron1 mineral acids1 and gallic acid4 ,external treatment is rarely called for1 but if deemed advisable1 astringent lotions may be employed4 ,scorbutus4 7,synonyms3 ,scurvy2 ,sea ,scurvy2 ,purpura ,scorbutica47 ,describe scorbutus4 ,scurvy is a peculiar constitutional state1 developed in those living under bad hygienic conditions1 and is characterized by emaciation1 general febrile and asthenic symptoms1 a more or less swollen1 turgid and spongy and even gangrenous condition of the gums2 and concomitantly1 or sooner or later1 by the appearance1 usually upon the lower portion of the legs only1 of dark-colored hemorrhagic patches or blotches4 ,the skin of the affected part may become brawny and slightly scaly1 and not infrequently may break down and ulcerate4 ,hemorrhages from the various mucous surfaces1 slight or grave1 may also take place4 ,state the etiology of scurvy4 ,it is due to long-continued deprivation of proper food1 especially of fruits and vegetables4 ,other bad hygienic conditions favor its development4 ,it is seen most commonly in sailors and others taking long voyages4 ,how is scurvy to be distinguished from purpura8 ,by the asthenic and emaciated general condition and the peculiar puffy1 spongy state of the gums4 ,the cutaneous manifestation is more diffused1 forming usually large palm-sized patches1 and1 as a rule1 limited to the region of the ankles or lower part of the legs4 ,give the prognosis of scurvy4 ,the disease is remediable1 and usually rapidly so4 ,in those instances in which the same bad hygienic conditions and the ingestion of improper food are continued1 death finally results4 ,what treatment would you advise in scurvy8 ,proper food1 with an abundance of fruit and vegetables4 ,lemon or lime juice is especially valuable1 and is to be taken freely4 ,if indicated1 tonics and stimulants are also to be prescribed4 ,for the relief of the tumid1 spongy condition of the gums1 astringent and antiseptic mouth washes are to be employed4 ,the cutaneous manifestations1 when tending to ulceration1 are to be treated upon general principles4 ,,class ,,iv4--,,hypertrophies4 ,lentigo4 7,synonym3 ,freckle47 ,describe lentigo4 ,lentigo1 or freckle1 is characterized by round or irregular1 pin-head to pea-sized1 yellowish1 brownish or blackish spots1 occurring usually about the face and the backs of the hands4 ,it is a common affection1 varying somewhat in the degree of development2 the freckles present may be few and insignificant1 or they may exist in profusion and be quite disfiguring4 ,heat and exposure favor their development4 ,those of light complexion1 especially those with red hair1 are its most common subjects4 ,the color of the lesion is usually a yellowish-brown4 ,it is common to all ages1 but is generally seen in its greatest development during adolescence1 the disposition to its appearance becoming less marked as age advances4 ,what is the pathology of lentigo8 ,lentigo consists simply of a circumscribed deposit of pigment granules--merely a localized increase of the normal pigment1 differing from chloasma 7q4 v47 only in the size and shape of the pigmentation4 ,state the prognosis4 ,the blemishes can be removed by treatment1 but their return is almost certain4 ,name the several applications commonly employed for their removal4 ,an aqueous or alcoholic solution of corrosive sublimate1 one-half to three grains to the ounce2 lactic acid1 one part to from six to twenty parts of water2 and an ointment containing a drachm each of bismuth subnitrate and ammoniated mercury to the ounce4 ,the applications1 which act by removing the epidermal and rete cells and with them the pigment1 are made two or three times daily1 and their use intermitted for a few days as soon as the skin becomes irritated or scaly4 ,touching each freckle for a few seconds with the electric needle1 just pricking the epidermis1 will occasionally remove the blemish4 ,chloasma4 ,what do you understand by chloasma8 ,chloasma consists of an abnormal deposit of pigment1 occurring as variously-sized and shaped1 yellowish1 brownish or blackish patches4 ,describe the clinical appearances of chloasma4 ,chloasma appears either in ill-defined patches1 as is commonly the case1 or as a diffuse discoloration4 ,its appearance is rapid or gradual1 generally the latter4 ,the patches are rounded or irregular1 and usually shade off into the sound skin4 ,one1 several or more may be present1 and coalescence may take place1 resulting in a large irregular pigmented area4 ,the color is yellowish1 or brownish1 and may even be blackish 7melasma1 melanoderma74 ,the skin is otherwise normal4 ,the face is the most common site4 ,into what two general classes may the various examples of chloasma be grouped8 ,idiopathic and symptomatic4 ,what cases of chloasma are included in the idiopathic group8 ,all those cases of pigmentation caused by external agents1 such as the sun's rays1 sinapisms1 blisters1 continued cutaneous hyperaemia from scratching or any other cause1 etc4 ,what cases of chloasma are included in the symptomatic group8 ,all forms of pigment deposit which occur as a consequence of various organic and systemic diseases1 as the pigmentation1 for instance1 seen in association with tuberculosis1 cancer1 malaria1 ,addison's disease1 uterine affections1 and the like4 ,in such cases1 with few exceptions1 the pigmentation is usually more or less diffuse4 ,what is chloasma uterinum8 ,chloasma uterinum is a term applied to the ill-defined patches of yellowish-brown pigmentation appearing upon the faces of women1 usually between the ages of twenty-five and fifty4 ,it is most commonly seen during pregnancy1 but may occur in connection with any functional or organic disease of the utero-ovarian apparatus4 ,what is argyria8 ,argyria is the term applied to the slate-like discoloration which follows the prolonged administration of silver nitrate4 ,state the pathology of chloasma4 ,the sole change consists in an increased deposit of pigment4 ,give the prognosis of chloasma4 ,unless a removal of the exciting or predisposing cause is possible1 the prognosis is1 as a rule1 unfavorable1 and the relief furnished by local applications usually but temporary4 ,if constitutional treatment is advisable1 upon what is it to be based8 ,upon general principles2 there are no special remedies4 ,how do external remedies act8 ,mainly by removing the rete cells and with them the pigmentation2 and partly1 also1 by stimulating the absorbents4 ,are all external remedies which tend to remove the upper layers of the skin equally useful for this purpose8 ,no2 on the contrary some such applications are followed by an increase in the pigment deposit4 ,name the several applications commonly employed4 ,corrosive sublimate in solution1 in the strength of one to four grains to the ounce of alcohol and water2 a lotion made up as follows3-- ,rx ,hydrargyri chlorid4 corros41 444444444 gr4 iij-viij ,ac4 acet4 dilut41 44444444444444444444 fdramij ,sodii borat41 444444444444444444444444 scrupleij ,aquae rosae1 444444444444444444444444444 f,oziv4 ,m4 ,and also the following3-- ,rx ,hydrargyri chlorid4 corros41 444444444 gr4 iij-viij ,zinci sulphat41 ,plumbi acetat41 444444 aa 444444 dramss ,aquae1 44444444444444444444444444444444 f,oziv4 ,m4 ,and lactic acid1 with from five to twenty parts of water2 and an ointment containing a drachm each of bismuth subnitrate and white precipitate to the ounce4 ,hydrogen peroxide occasionally acts well4 ,trichloracetic acid1 usually weakened with one or two parts water1 may be cautiously tried4 ,the application of a strong alcoholic solution of resorcin1 twenty to fifty per cent4 strength1 is also valuable1 as is also a two to ten per cent4 alcoholic solution of salicylic acid4 7,applications are made two or three times daily1 and as soon as slight scaliness or irritation is produced are to be discontinued for one or two days47 ,tattoo-marks are difficult to remove4 ,excision is the surest method4 ,electrolysis1 applying the needle at various points1 somewhat close together1 and using a fairly strong current--three to eight milliamperes--will exceptionally1 especially when repeated several times1 produce a reactive inflammation and casting-off of the tissue containing the pigment2 a scar is left4 ,several writers claim good results with glycerole of papain1 pricking it in in the same manner as in tattooing4 ,gun-powder marks4 ,if recent1 but a day or so after their occurrence1 the larger specks may be picked or scraped out4 ,later1 electrolysis1 using a fairly strong current1 may result in their removal4 ,their removal may also be satisfactorily effected with a minute cutaneous trephine4 ,keratosis ,pilaris4 7,synonyms3 ,pityriasis ,pilaris2 ,lichen ,pilaris47 ,what is meant by keratosis pilaris8 ,keratosis pilaris may be defined as a hypertrophic affection characterized by the formation of pin-head-sized1 conical1 epidermic elevations seated about the apertures of the hair follicles4 ,describe the clinical appearances of keratosis pilaris4 ,the lesions are usually limited to the extensor surfaces of the thighs and arms1 especially the former4 ,they appear as pin-head-sized1 whitish or grayish elevations1 consisting of accumulations of epithelial matter about the apertures of the hair follicles4 ,each elevation is pierced by a hair1 or the hair may be twisted and imprisoned within the epithelial mass2 or it may be broken off just at the point of emergence at the apex of the papule1 in which event it may be seen as a dark1 central speck4 ,the skin is usually dry1 rough and harsh1 and in marked cases1 to the hand passing over it1 feels not unlike a nutmeg-grater4 ,the disease varies in its development1 in most cases being so slight as to escape attention4 ,as a rule1 it is free from itching4 ,what course does keratosis pilaris pursue8 ,it is sluggish and chronic4 ,mention some of the etiological factors4 ,it is not an uncommon disease1 and is seen usually in those who are unaccustomed to frequent bathing1 being most frequently met with during the winter months4 ,it is chiefly observed during early adult life4 ,is there any difficulty in the diagnosis8 ,no4 ,it is thought at times to bear some resemblance to goose-flesh 7cutis anserina71 the miliary papular syphiloderm in its desquamating stage1 and lichen scrofulosus4 ,in goose-flesh the elevations are evanescent and of an entirely different character2 the papules of the syphiloderm are usually generalized1 of a reddish color1 tend to group1 are more solid and deeply-seated1 less scaly and are accompanied with other symptoms of syphilis2 in lichen scrofulosus the papules are larger1 incline to occur in groups1 and appear usually upon the abdomen4 ,state the prognosis4 ,the disease yields readily to treatment4 ,give the treatment of keratosis pilaris4 ,frequent warm baths1 with the use of a toilet soap or sapo viridis1 will usually be found curative4 ,alkaline baths are also useful4 ,in obstinate cases the ordinary mild ointments1 glycerine1 etc41 are to be advised in conjunction with the baths4 ,keratosis ,follicularis4 ,describe keratosis follicularis4 ,keratosis follicularis 7,darier's disease1 ichthyosis follicularis1 ichthyosis sebacea cornea1 psorospermosis7 is a rare disease characterized by pin-head to pea-sized pointed1 rounded1 or irregularly-shaped grayish1 brownish1 red or even black1 horny papules or elevations1 arising from the sebaceous or hair-follicles4 ,they are1 for the most part1 discrete1 with a tendency here and there to form solid aggregations or areas4 ,many of them contain projecting cornified plugs which may be squeezed out1 leaving pit-like depressions4 ,the face1 scalp1 lower trunk1 groins and flanks are the parts chiefly affected4 ,the view advanced by ,darier1 that the malady was due to psorosperms1 is now denied1 the bodies thought to be such having been demonstrated to be due to cell transformation4 ,as to treatment1 in one instance the induction of a substitutive dermatic inflammation had a favorable influence4 ,molluscum ,epitheliale4 7,synonyms3 ,molluscum ,contagiosum2 ,molluscum ,sebaceum2 ,epithelioma ,molluscum47 ,give a definition of molluscum epitheliale4 ,molluscum epitheliale is characterized by pin-head to pea-sized1 rounded1 semi-globular1 or flattened1 pearl-like elevations1 of a whitish or pinkish color4 ,describe the symptoms and course of molluscum epitheliale4 ,the usual seat is the face2 not infrequently1 however1 the growths occur on other parts4 ,the lesions begin as pin-head1 waxy-looking1 rounded or acuminated elevations1 gradually attaining the size of small peas4 ,they have a broad base or occasionally may tend to become pedunculated4 ,they rarely exist in profusion1 in most cases three to ten or twelve lesions being present4 ,when fully developed they are somewhat flattened and umbilicated1 with a central1 darkish point representing the mouth of the follicle4 ,they are whitish or pinkish1 and look not unlike drops of wax or pearl buttons4 ,at first they are firm1 but eventually1 in most cases1 tend to become soft and break down4 ,not infrequently1 however1 the lesions disappear slowly by absorption1 without apparent previous softening4 ,their course is usually chronic4 ,the contents1 a cheesy-looking mass1 may commonly be pressed out without difficulty4 ,what is the cause of molluscum epitheliale8 ,it is now generally accepted that the disease is mildly contagious4 ,it occurs chiefly in children1 and especially among the poorer classes4 ,the belief in the parasitic nature of the disease is gaining ground2 recently the opinion has been advanced that it is due to psorosperms 7psorospermosis72 but further investigations have indicated that these bodies were degenerated epithelia4 ,state the pathology4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ca4 ,molluscum ,epitheliale4 ,according to recent investigations1 molluscum epitheliale is to be regarded as a hyperplasia of the rete1 the growth probably beginning in the hair-follicles2 the so-called molluscum bodies--peculiar1 rounded or ovoidal1 sharply-defined1 fatty-looking bodies found in microscopical examination of the growth--are to be viewed as a form of epithelial degeneration4 ,what are the diagnostic points in molluscum epitheliale8 ,the size of the lesions1 their waxy or glistening appearance1 and the presence of the central orifice4 ,it is to be differentiated from molluscum fibrosum1 warts and acne4 ,state the prognosis4 ,the growths are amenable to treatment4 ,in some instances the disease1 after existing some weeks1 tends to disappear spontaneously4 ,what is the treatment of molluscum epitheliale8 ,incision and expression of the contents1 and touching the base of the cavity with silver nitrate4 ,pedunculated growths may be ligated4 ,in some cases an ointment of ammoniated mercury1 twenty to forty grains to the ounce1 applied1 by gently rubbing1 once or twice daily1 will bring about a cure4 ,callositas4 7,synonyms3 ,tylosis2 ,tyloma2 ,callus2 ,callous2 ,callosity2 ,keratoma47 ,what do you understand by callositas8 ,a hard1 thickened1 horny patch made up of the corneous layers of the epidermis4 ,describe the clinical appearances4 ,callosities are most common about the hands and feet1 and consist of small or large patches of dry1 grayish-yellow looking1 hard1 slight or excessive epidermic accumulations4 ,they are somewhat elevated1 especially at the central portion1 and gradually merge into the healthy skin4 ,the natural surface lines are in a great measure obliterated1 the patches usually being smooth and horn-like4 ,keratosis palmaris et plantaris 7symmetric keratodermia71 as regards the local condition1 is a somewhat similar affection4 ,it consists of hypertrophy of the corneous layer of the palm and soles1 usually of a more or less horny and plate-like character1 but is congenital or hereditary1 and not necessarily dependent upon local friction or pressure4 ,are there any inflammatory symptoms in callositas8 ,no2 but exceptionally1 from accidental injury1 the subjacent corium becomes inflamed1 suppurates1 and the thickened mass is cast off4 ,state the causes of callositas4 ,pressure and friction2 for example1 on the hands1 from the use of various tools and implements1 and on the feet from ill-fitting shoes4 ,it is1 indeed1 often to be looked upon as an effort of nature to protect the more delicate corium4 ,in exceptional instances it arises without apparent cause4 ,what is the pathology8 ,the epidermis alone is involved2 it consists1 in fact1 of a hyperplasia of the horny layer4 ,state the prognosis of callositas4 ,if the causes are removed1 the accumulation1 as a rule1 gradually disappears4 ,the effect of treatment is always rapid and positive1 but unless the etiological factors have ceased to act1 the result is usually but temporary4 ,how is callositas treated8 ,when treatment is deemed advisable1 it consists in softening the parts with hot-water soakings or poultices1 and subsequently shaving or scraping off the callous mass4 ,the same result may also be often effected by the continuous application1 for several days or a week1 of a #aj to #ae per cent4 salicylated plaster1 or the application of a salicylated collodion1 same strength2 it is followed up by hot-water soaking1 the accumulation1 as a rule1 coming readily away4 ,clavus4 7,synonym3 ,corn47 ,what is clavus8 ,clavus1 or corn1 is a small1 circumscribed1 flattened1 deep-seated1 horny formation usually seated about the toes4 ,describe the clinical appearances4 ,ordinarily a corn has the appearance of a small callosity2 the skin is thickened1 polished and horny4 ,exceptionally1 however1 occurring on parts that are naturally more or less moist1 as between the toes1 maceration takes place1 and the result is the so-called soft corn4 ,the dorsal aspect of the toes is the common site for the ordinary variety4 ,the usual size is that of a small pea4 ,they are painful on pressure1 and1 at times1 spontaneously so4 ,state the causes4 ,corns are caused by pressure and friction1 and may usually be referred to improperly fitting shoes4 ,what is the pathology of clavus8 ,it is a hypertrophy of the epiderm4 ,its shape is conical1 with the base external and the apex pressing upon the papillae4 ,it is1 in fact1 a peculiarly-shaped callosity1 the central portion and apex being dense and horny1 forming the so-called core4 ,give the treatment of clavus4 ,a simple method of treatment consists in shaving off1 after a preliminary hot-water soaking1 the outer portion1 and then applying a ring of felt or like material1 with the hollow part immediately over the site of the core2 this should be worn for several weeks4 ,it is also possible in some cases to extract the whole corn by gently dissecting it out2 the after-treatment being the same as the above4 ,another method is by means of a ten- to fifteen-per-cent4 solution of salicylic acid1 in alcohol or collodion1 or the following3-- ,rx ,ac4 salicylici1 4444444444444444444444 gr4 xxx ,ext4 cannabis ,ind41 444444444444444444 gr4 x ,collodii1 4444444444444444444444444444 fdramiv4 ,m4 ,this is painted on the corn night and morning for several days1 at the end of which time the parts are soaked in hot water1 and the mass or a greater part of it1 will be found1 as a rule1 to come readily away2 one or two repetitions may be necessary4 ,lactic acid1 with one to several parts of water1 applied once or twice daily1 acts in a similar manner4 ,soft corns1 after the removal of pressure1 may be treated with the solid stick of nitrate of silver1 or by any of the methods already mentioned4 ,in order that treatment be permanently successful1 the feet are to be properly fitted4 ,if pressure is removed1 corns will commonly disappear spontaneously4 ,cornu ,cutaneum4 7,synonyms3 ,cornu ,humanum2 ,cutaneous ,horn47 ,what is cornu cutaneum8 ,a cutaneous horn is a circumscribed hypertrophy of the epidermis1 forming an outgrowth of horny consistence and of variable size and shape4 ,at what age and upon what parts are cutaneous horns observed8 ,they are usually met with late in life1 and are mostly seated upon the face and scalp4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cb4 ,cutaneous ,horns4 ,showing beginning epitheliomatous degeneration of the base4 7,after ,pancoast47 ,describe the clinical appearances4 ,in appearance cutaneous horns resemble those seen in the lower animals1 differing1 if at all1 but slightly4 ,they are hard1 solid1 dry and somewhat brittle2 usually tapering1 and may be either straight1 curved or crooked4 ,their surface is rough1 irregular1 laminated or fissured1 the ends pointed1 blunt or clubbed4 ,the color varies2 it is usually grayish-yellow1 but may be even blackish4 ,as commonly seen they are small in size1 a fraction of an inch or an inch or thereabouts in length1 but exceptionally attain considerable proportions4 ,the base1 which rests directly upon the skin1 may be broad1 flattened1 or concave1 with the underlying and adjacent tissues normal or the papillae hypertrophied2 and in some cases there is more or less inflammation1 which may be followed by suppuration4 ,they are usually solitary formations4 ,they are not1 as a rule1 painful1 unless knocked or irritated4 ,what course do cutaneous horns pursue8 ,their growth is usually slow1 and1 after having attained a certain size1 they not infrequently become loose and fall off2 they are almost always reproduced4 ,what is the cause of these horny growths8 ,the cause is not known2 appearing about the genitalia1 they usually develop from acuminated warts4 ,they are rare formations4 ,state the pathology of cornu cutaneum4 ,horns consist of closely agglutinated epidermic cells1 forming small columns or rods2 in the columns themselves the cells are arranged concentrically4 ,in the base are found hypertrophic papillae and some bloodvessels4 ,they have their starting-point in the rete mucosum1 either from that lying above the papillae or that lining the follicles and glands4 ,does epitheliomatous degeneration of the base ever occur8 ,yes4 ,state the prognosis4 ,cutaneous horns may be readily and permanently removed4 ,what is the treatment8 ,treatment consists in detachment1 and subsequent destruction of the base2 the former is accomplished by dissecting the horn away from the base or forcibly breaking it off1 the latter by means of any of the well-known caustics1 such as caustic potash1 chloride of zinc and the galvano-cautery4 ,another method is to excise the base1 the horn coming away with it2 this necessitates1 however1 considerable loss of tissue4 ,verruca4 7,synonym3 ,wart47 ,what is verruca8 ,verruca1 or wart1 is a hard or soft1 rounded1 flat1 acuminated or filiform1 circumscribed epidermal and papillary growth4 ,name the several varieties of warts met with4 ,verruca vulgaris1 verruca plana1 verruca plana juvenilis1 verruca digitata1 verruca filifortnis and verruca acuminata4 ,describe verruca vulgaris4 ,this is the common wart1 occurring mostly upon the hands4 ,it is rounded1 elevated1 circumscribed1 hard and horny1 with a broad base1 and usually the size of a pea4 ,at first it is smooth and covered with slightly thickened epidermis1 but later this disappears to some extent1 the hypertrophied papillae1 appearing as minute elevations1 making up the growth4 ,one1 several or more may be present4 ,describe verruca plana4 ,this is the so-called flat wart1 and occurs commonly upon the back1 especially in elderly people 7verruca senilis1 keratosis pigmentosa74 ,it is1 as a rule1 but slightly elevated1 is usually dark in color1 and of the size of a pea or finger-nail4 ,describe verruca plana juvenilis4 ,the warts are mostly pin-head in size1 flat1 but slightly elevated1 rounded1 irregular or square-shaped1 and of a light yellowish-brown color4 ,they bear resemblance to lichen planus papules4 ,they are apt to be numerous1 often becoming aggregated or fused1 and occur usually in young children1 and1 as a rule1 on the face and hands4 ,describe verruca filiformis4 ,this is a thread-like growth about an eighth or fourth of an inch long1 and occurring commonly about the face1 eyelids and neck4 ,it is usually soft to the touch and flexible4 ,describe verruca digitata4 ,this is a variety of wart1 which1 especially about the edges1 is marked by digitations1 extending nearly or quite down to the base4 ,it is commonly seen upon the scalp4 ,describe verruca acuminata4 ,this variety 7venereal wart1 pointed wart1 pointed condyloma71 usually occurs about the genitalia1 especially upon the mucous and muco-cutaneous surfaces4 ,it consists of one or more groups of acuminated1 pinkish or reddish1 raspberry-like elevations1 and1 according to the region1 may be dry or moist2 if the latter1 the secretion1 which is usually yellowish and puriform1 from rapid decomposition1 develops an offensive and penetrating odor4 ,the formation may be the size of a small pea1 or may attain the dimensions of a fist4 ,what is the cause of warts8 ,the etiology is not known4 ,they are more common in adolescent and early adult life4 ,irritating secretions are thought to be causative in the acuminated variety4 ,it is highly probable that a parasitic factor will finally be demonstrated4 ,they are doubtless mildly contagious4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cc4 ,verruca ,acuminata--about the anus4 7,after ,ashton47 ,state the pathology of warts4 ,a wart consists of both epidermic and papillary hypertrophy1 the interior of the growth containing a vascular loop4 ,in the acuminated variety there are marked papillary enlargement1 excessive development of the mucous layer1 and an abundant vascular supply4 ,give the treatment of warts4 ,for ordinary warts1 excision or destruction by caustics4 ,the repeated application of a saturated alcoholic solution of salicylic acid is often curative1 the upper portion being pared off from time to time4 ,the filiform and digitate varieties may be snipped off with the scissors1 and the base touched with nitrate of silver2 or a ligature may be used4 ,curetting is a valuable operative method4 ,the growths may also be removed by electrolysis4 ,when warts are numerous and close together parasiticide applications can be daily made to the whole affected region4 ,for this purpose a boric acid solution1 containing five to thirty grains of resorcin to the ounce1 and ,vleminckx's solution1 at first diluted1 prove the most valuable4 ,verruca acuminata is to be treated by maintaining absolute cleanliness1 and the application of such astringents as liquor plumbi subacetatis1 tincture of iron1 powdered alum and boric acid4 ,the salicylic acid solution may also be used4 ,in obstinate cases1 glacial acetic acid or chromic acid may be cautiously employed4 ,naevus ,pigmentosus4 7,synonym3 ,mole47 ,describe naevus pigmentosus4 ,naevus pigmentosus1 commonly known as mole1 may be defined as a circumscribed increase in the pigment of the skin1 usually associated with hypertrophy of one or all of the cutaneous structures1 especially of the connective tissue and hair4 ,it occurs singly or in numbers2 is usually pea-1 bean-sized or larger1 rounded or irregular1 smooth or rough1 flat or elevated1 and of a color varying from a light brown to black2 the hair found thereon may be either colorless or deeply pigmented1 coarse and of considerable length4 ,it is1 as a rule1 a permanent formation4 ,name the several varieties of naevus pigmentosus met with4 ,naevus spilus1 naevus pilosus1 naevus verrucosus1 and naevus lipomatodes4 ,so-called linear naevus might also be considered as belonging in this group4 ,what is naevus spilus8 ,a smooth and flat naevus1 consisting essentially of augmented pigmentation alone4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cd4 ,linear ,naevus4 ,what is naevus pilosus8 ,a naevus upon which there is an abnormal growth of hair1 slight or excessive4 ,what is naevus verrucosus8 ,a naevus to which is added hypertrophy of the papillae1 giving rise to a furrowed and uneven surface4 ,what is linear naevus8 ,linear naevus is a formation usually of a verrucous character1 more or less pigmented1 sometimes slightly scaly1 occurring in band-like or zoster-like areas1 and1 as a rule1 unilaterally4 ,what is naevus lipomatodes8 ,a naevus with excessive fat and connective-tissue hypertrophy4 ,state the etiology of naevus pigmentosus4 ,the causes are obscure4 ,the growths are usually congenital2 but the smooth1 non-hairy moles may be acquired4 ,give the pathology of naevus pigmentosus4 ,microscopical examination shows a marked increase in the pigment in the lowest layers of the rete mucosum1 as well as more or less pigmentation in the corium usually following the course of the bloodvessels2 in the verrucous variety the papillae are greatly hypertrophied1 in addition to the increased pigmentation4 ,there is1 as a rule1 more or less connective-tissue hypertrophy4 ,what is the treatment of naevus pigmentosus8 ,in many instances interference is scarcely called for1 but when demanded consists in the removal of the formation either by the knife1 by caustics1 or by electrolysis4 ,this last is1 in the milder varieties at least1 perhaps the best method1 as it is less likely to be followed by disfiguring cicatrices4 ,in naevus pilosus the removal of the hairs alone by electrolysis is not infrequently followed by a decided diminution of the pigmentation4 ,in recent years both liquid air and carbon dioxide have also been used successfully in the removal of these growths4 ,pigmented naevi1 which show the least tendency to growth or degenerative change1 should be radically removed1 as they not infrequently lead to carcinomatous and sarcomatous growths4 ,ichthyosis4 7,synonym3 ,fish-skin ,disease47 ,give a descriptive definition of ichthyosis4 ,ichthyosis is a chronic1 hypertrophic disease1 characterized by dryness and scaliness of the skin1 with a variable amount of papillary growth4 ,at what age is ichthyosis first observed8 ,it is first noticed in infancy or early childhood4 ,in rare instances it is congenital 7ichthyosis congenita71 and in such cases it is usually severe1 and of a grave type2 the children are1 as a rule1 prematurely born1 and frequently do not survive many days or weeks4 ,what extent of surface is involved8 ,usually the whole surface1 but it is most marked upon the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs1 especially at the elbows and knees2 the face and scalp1 in mild cases1 often remain free4 ,name the two varieties of ichthyosis usually described4 ,ichthyosis simplex and ichthyosis hystrix1 terms commonly employed to designate the mild and severe forms respectively4 ,describe the clinical appearances of ichthyosis4 ,the milder forms of the disease may be so slight as to give rise to simple dryness or harshness of the skin 7xeroderma72 but as commonly met with it is more developed1 more or less marked scaliness in the form of thin or somewhat thick epidermal plates being present4 ,the papillae of the skin are often slightly hypertrophied4 ,in slight cases the color of the scales is usually light and pearly2 in the more marked examples it is dark gray1 olive green or black4 ,in the severe variety--ichthyosis hystrix--in addition to scaliness there is marked papillary hypertrophy1 forming warty or spinous patches4 ,this type is rare1 and1 as a rule1 the surface involved is more or less limited4 ,are there any inflammatory symptoms in ichthyosis8 ,no4 ,in fact1 beyond the disfigurement1 the disease causes no inconvenience2 in those well-marked cases1 however1 in which the scales are thick and more or less immovable1 the natural mobility of the parts is compromised and fissuring often occurs4 ,in the winter months1 in the severer cases1 exposed parts may become slightly eczematous4 ,does ichthyosis vary somewhat with the season8 ,yes4 ,in all cases the disease is better in the warm months1 and in the mild forms may entirely disappear during this time4 ,this favorable change is purely mechanical--due to the maceration to which the increased activity of the sweat glands gives rise4 ,is the general health affected in ichthyosis8 ,no4 ,what course does ichthyosis pursue8 ,chronic4 ,beginning in early infancy or childhood1 it usually becomes gradually more marked until adult age1 after which time it1 as a rule1 remains stationary4 ,what is the etiology8 ,beyond a hereditary influence1 which is often a positive factor1 the causes are obscure4 ,it is not a common disease4 ,state the pathology4 ,anatomically the essential feature is epidermic hypertrophy1 with usually a varying degree of papillary hypertrophy also4 ,mention the diagnostic features of ichthyosis4 ,the harsh1 dry skin1 epidermic and papillary hypertrophy1 the furfuraceous or plate-like scaliness1 the greater development upon the extensor surfaces1 a history of the affection dating from early childhood1 and the absence of inflammatory symptoms4 ,how is ichthyosis to be distinguished from eczema1 psoriasis1 and other scaly inflammatory diseases8 ,by the absence of the inflammatory element4 ,what is the outlook for a case of ichthyosis8 ,the prognosis is unfavorable as regards a cure1 but the process may usually be kept in abeyance or rendered endurable by proper measures4 ,what treatment would you prescribe for ichthyosis8 ,treatment that has in view removal of the scaliness and the maintenance of a soft and flexible condition of the skin4 ,in mild cases frequent warm baths1 simple or alkaline1 will suffice2 in others an application of an oily or fatty substance1 such as the ordinary oils or ointments1 made several hours or immediately before the bath may be necessary4 ,in moderately developed cases the skin is to be washed energetically with sapo viridis and hot water1 followed by a warm bath1 after which an oily or fatty application is made4 ,in some of the more severe cases the following plan is often useful3 ,the parts are first rubbed with a soapy ointment consisting of one part of precipitated sulphur and seven parts of sapo viridis2 a bath is then taken1 the skin wiped dry1 and a one to five per cent4 ointment of salicylic acid gently rubbed in4 ,glycerine lotions1 one or two drachms to the ounce of water1 are also beneficial2 as also the following3-- ,rx ,ac4 salicylici1 4444444444444444444444 gr4 x-xl ,glycerini1 444444444444444444444444444 dramss-dramj ,lanolin1 ,petrolati1 444444444444444444 aa ,ozss ,in severe cases of ichthyosis hystrix it may be necessary1 also1 to employ caustics or the knife4 ,what systemic treatment would you prescribe8 ,constitutional remedies are practically powerless2 occasionally some good is accomplished by the internal administration of linseed oil and jaborandi4 ,onychauxis4 7,synonym3 ,hypertrophy of the ,nail47 ,describe onychauxis4 ,onychauxis1 or hypertrophy of the nail1 may take place in one or all directions1 and this increase may be1 and often is1 accompanied by changes in shape1 color1 and direction of growth4 ,one or all the nails may share in the process4 ,as the result of lateral deviation of growth1 the nail presses upon the surrounding tissues1 producing a varying degree of inflammation--paronychia4 ,what is the etiology of hypertrophy of the nail8 ,the condition may be either congenital or acquired4 ,in the latter instances it is usually the result of the extension to the matrix of such cutaneous diseases as psoriasis and eczema2 or it is produced by constitutional maladies1 such as syphilis4 ,give the treatment of hypertrophy of the nail4 ,treatment consists in the removal of the redundant nail-tissue by means of the knife or scissors2 and1 when dependent upon eczema or psoriasis1 the employment of remedies suitable for these diseases4 ,when it is the result of syphilis1 the medication appropriate to this disease is to be employed4 ,in paronychia the nail should be frequently trimmed and a pledget of lint or cotton be interposed between the edge of the nail and the adjacent soft parts2 astringent powders and lotions may often be employed with advantage2 and in severe and persistent cases excision of the nail1 partial or complete1 may be found necessary4 ,hypertrichosis4 7,synonyms3 ,hirsuties2 ,hypertrophy of the ,hair2 ,superfluous ,hair47 ,what is meant by hypertrichosis8 ,hypertrichosis is a term applied to excessive growth of hair1 either as regards region1 extent1 age or sex4 ,describe the several conditions met with4 ,the unnatural hair growth may be slight1 as1 for instance1 upon a naevus 7naevus pilosus72 or it may be excessive1 as in the so-called hairy people 7homines pilosi72 or it may also appear on the face1 arms and other parts in females1 resulting from a hypertrophy of the natural lanugo hairs4 ,state the causes of hypertrichosis4 ,hereditary influence is often a factor2 the condition may also be congenital4 ,if acquired1 the tendency manifests itself usually toward middle life4 ,in women1 it is not infrequently associated with diseases of the utero-ovarian system2 in many instances1 however1 there is no apparent cause4 ,local irritation or stimulation has at times a causative influence4 ,how is hypertrichosis to be treated8 ,for general hypertrichosis there is no remedy4 ,small hairy naevi may be excised1 or1 as also in the larger hairy moles1 the hairs may be removed by electrolysis4 ,on the faces of women1 if the hairs are coarse or large1 electrolysis constitutes the only satisfactory method2 if the hairs are small and lanugo-like1 the operation is not to be advised4 ,it is somewhat painful1 but never unbearable4 ,in the past several years the x-ray has been advocated by several writers1 but it requires usually numerous exposures pushed to the point of producing erythema2 it is not without risk1 and the hairs are said to return in some months4 ,what temporary methods are usually resorted to for the removal of superfluous hair8 ,shaving1 extraction of the hairs and the use of depilatories4 ,as a depilatory1 a powder made up of two drachms of barium sulphide and three drachms each of zinc oxide and starch1 is commonly 7and cautiously7 employed2 at the time of application enough water is added to the powder to make a paste1 and it is then spread thinly upon the parts1 allowed to remain five to fifteen minutes1 or until heat of skin or a burning sensation is felt1 washed off thoroughly1 and a soothing ointment applied4 ,this preparation must be well prepared to be efficient4 ,describe the method of removal of superfluous hair by electrolysis4 ,a fine needle in a suitable handle is attached to the negative pole of a galvanic battery1 introduced into the hair-follicle to the depth of the papilla1 and the circuit completed by the patient touching the positive electrode2 in several seconds slight blanching and frothing usually appear at the point of insertion2 a few seconds later the current is broken by release of the positive electrode1 and the needle is then withdrawn4 ,sometimes a wheal-like elevation arises1 remains several minutes or hours1 and then disappears2 or occasionally1 probably from secondary infection1 it develops into a pustule4 ,a strength of current of a half to two milliamperes is usually sufficient2 the time necessary for the destruction of the papilla varying from several to thirty seconds4 ,how are you to know if the papilla has been destroyed8 ,the hair will readily come out with but little1 if any1 traction4 ,what is the result if the current has been too strong or too long continued8 ,the follicle suppurates and a scar results4 ,why should contiguous hairs not be operated upon at the same sitting8 ,in order that the chances of marked inflammatory action and scarring 7always possibilities7 may be reduced to a minimum4 ,in case of failure to destroy an individual papilla1 should a second attempt be made at the same sitting8 ,as a rule not1 in order to avoid the possibility of too much destructive action1 and consequent scarring4 ,can scarring always be prevented8 ,in the average case1 with skill and care1 the use of an exceedingly fine needle and the avoidance of too strong a current1 perceptible scarring 7scarring perceptible to the ordinary observer or at ordinary distance7 need rarely occur4 ,what measures are to be advised for the irritation produced by the operation8 ,hot-water applications and the use of an ointment made of two drachms cold cream and ten grains of boric acid are of advantage not only in reducing the resulting hyperaemia1 but also in preventing suppuration and consequent scarring4 ,to lessen the chances of the latter1 cleansing the parts with alcohol just before and after the operation is also of service4 ,,oedema ,neonatorum4 ,describe oedema neonatorum4 ,the essential symptoms are oedema and a variable degree of hardness and induration4 ,it develops in the first few days of life1 and usually upon the extremities1 especially the lower4 ,it may remain more or less limited to these parts1 but1 as a rule1 slowly extends4 ,the skin is of a yellowish1 dusky1 or livid color1 and sometimes glossy or shining4 ,there are general symptoms of drowsiness1 subnormal temperature1 weakened circulation1 and impaired respiration1 which gradually increase1 and in eighty to ninety per cent4 of the cases lead to death4 ,it is believed to be similar to anasarca in the adult and to be due to like causes4 ,treatment consists in maintaining the body-heat1 sufficient and proper nourishment and stimulation4 ,sclerema ,neonatorum4 7,synonyms3 ,scleroderma ,neonatorum2 ,sclerema of the ,newborn47 ,what is sclerema neonatorum8 ,sclerema neonatorum is a disease of infancy1 showing itself usually at or shortly after birth1 and is characterized by a diffuse stiffness and rigidity of the integument1 accompanied by coldness1 oedema1 discoloration1 lividity and general circulatory disturbance4 ,describe the symptoms1 course1 nature and treatment of sclerema neonatorum4 ,as a rule the disease first manifests itself upon the lower extremities1 and then gradually1 but usually rapidly1 invades the trunk1 arms and face4 ,the surface is cold4 ,the skin1 which is noted to be reddish1 purplish or mottled1 is oedematous1 stiff and tense2 in consequence the infant is unable to move1 respires feebly and usually perishes in a few days or weeks4 ,in extremely exceptional instances the disease1 after involving a small part1 may retrogress and recovery take place4 ,the disease is rare1 and in most cases is found associated with pneumonia and with affections of the circulatory apparatus4 ,treatment should be directed toward maintaining warmth and proper alimentation4 ,scleroderma4 7,synonyms3 ,sclerema2 ,scleriasis2 ,dermatosclerosis2 ,morphoea2 ,keloid of ,addison47 ,what is scleroderma8 ,scleroderma is an acute or chronic disease of the skin characterized by a localized or general1 more or less diffuse1 usually pigmented1 rigid1 stiffened1 indurated or hide-bound condition4 ,morphoea1 by some formerly thought to be a distinct affection1 is now believed to be a form of scleroderma2 as typically met with it is characterized by one or more rounded1 oval1 or elongate1 coin- to palm-sized1 pinkish1 or whitish ivory-looking patches4 ,in some instances such patches are seen in association with the more classic type of scleroderma just defined4 ,describe the symptoms of ordinary scleroderma4 ,the disease may be acute or chronic1 usually the latter4 ,a portion or almost the entire surface may be involved1 or it may occupy variously sized and shaped areas4 ,the integument becomes more or less rigid and indurated1 hard to the touch1 hide-bound1 and in marked cases immobile4 ,,oedema may1 especially in the more acute cases1 precede the induration4 ,pigmentation1 of a yellowish or brownish color1 is often a precursory and accompanying symptom4 ,the skin feels tight and contracted1 and in some instances numbness and cramp-like pains are complained of4 ,describe the variety known as morphoea4 ,the patches 7one1 several1 or more71 occurring most frequently about the trunk1 are in the beginning usually slightly hyperaemic1 later becoming pale-yellowish or white1 and having a pinkish or lilac border made up of minute capillaries4 ,they are1 as a rule1 sharply defined1 with a smooth1 often shining and atrophic-looking surface2 are soft1 fine or leathery to the touch1 on a level or somewhat depressed1 and appearing not unlike a piece of bacon or ivory laid in the skin4 ,occasionally the patches are noted to occur over nerve-tracts4 ,the adjacent skin may be normal or there may be more or less yellowish or brownish mottling4 ,the subjective symptoms of tingling1 itching1 numbness1 and even pain1 may or may not be present4 ,what is the course of the disease8 ,sooner or later1 usually after months or years1 the disease ends in resolution and recovery1 or in marked atrophic changes1 causing contraction and deformity4 ,as a rule1 the general health remains good4 ,state the causes of scleroderma4 ,the condition is to be considered as probably of neurotic origin4 ,exposure and shock to the nervous system are to be looked upon as influential4 ,it is a rare disease1 observed usually in early adult or middle life1 and is more frequent in women than in men4 ,what is the pathology8 ,in typical and advanced cases both the true skin and the subcutaneous connective tissue show a marked increase of connective tissue-element1 with thickening and condensation of the fibers4 ,is there any difficulty in reaching a diagnosis in scleroderma8 ,as a rule1 no4 ,the characters--rigidity1 stiffness1 hardness1 and hide-bound condition of the skin--are always distinctive4 ,the peculiar appearance1 the course and character of the patches1 of morphoea are quite distinctive4 ,give the prognosis of scleroderma4 ,it should always be guarded4 ,in many instances recovery takes place1 whilst in others the disease is rebellious1 lasting indefinitely4 ,the prognosis of the variety known as morphoea is less unfavorable than general scleroderma1 and recovery more frequent4 ,what is the treatment of scleroderma8 ,tonics1 such as arsenic1 quinia1 nux vomica1 and cod-liver oil2 conjointly with the local employment of stimulating1 oily or fatty applications1 friction1 and electricity4 ,roentgen-ray treatment is often of value1 more especially in the morphoea type4 ,elephantiasis4 7,synonyms3 ,elephantiasis ,arabum2 ,pachydermia2 ,barbadoes ,leg2 ,elephant ,leg47 ,give a descriptive definition of elephantiasis4 ,elephantiasis is a chronic hypertrophic disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue characterized by enlargement and deformity1 lymphangitis1 swelling1 oedema1 thickening1 induration1 pigmentation1 and more or less papillary growth4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ce4 ,elephantiasis of moderate development4 ,what parts are commonly involved in elephantiasis8 ,usually one or both legs2 occasionally the genitalia2 other parts are seldom affected4 ,describe the symptoms of elephantiasis4 ,the disease usually begins with recurrent 7at intervals of months or years7 erysipelatous inflammation1 with swelling1 pain1 heat1 redness and lymphangitis2 after each attack the parts remain somewhat increased in size1 although at first not noticeably so4 ,after months or one or two years the enlargement or hypertrophy becomes conspicuous1 the part is chronically swollen1 oedematous and hard2 the skin is thickened1 the normal lines and folds exaggerated1 the papillae enlarged and prominent1 and with more or less fissuring and pigmentation4 ,what is the further course of the disease8 ,there is gradual increase in size1 the parts in some instances reaching enormous proportions2 the skin becomes rough and warty1 eczematous inflammation is often superadded1 and1 sooner or later1 ulcers1 superficial or deep1 form--which1 together with the crusting and moderate scaliness1 present a striking picture4 ,there may be periods of comparative inactivity1 or1 after reaching a certain development1 the disease may1 for a time at least1 remain stationary4 ,are there any subjective symptoms8 ,a variable degree of pain is often noted1 especially marked during the inflammatory attacks4 ,the general health is not involved4 ,state the cause of elephantiasis4 ,the etiology is obscure4 ,the disease rarely occurs before puberty4 ,it is most common in tropical countries1 more especially among the poor and neglected4 ,it is not hereditary1 nor can it be said to be contagious4 ,inflammation and obstruction of the lymphatics1 probably due1 according to late investigations1 to the presence of large numbers of filaria 7microscopic thread-worms7 in the lymph channels and bloodvessels1 is to be looked upon as the immediate cause4 ,what is the pathology8 ,all parts of the skin and subcutaneous connective-tissue are hypertrophied1 the lymphatic glands are swollen1 the lymph channels and bloodvessels enlarged1 and there is more or less inflammation1 with oedema4 ,secondarily1 from pressure1 atrophy and destruction of the skin-glands1 and atrophic degeneration of the fat and muscles result4 ,what are the diagnostic characters of beginning elephantiasis8 ,recurrent erysipelatous inflammation1 attended with gradual enlargement of the parts4 ,the appearances1 later in the course of the disease1 are so characteristic that a mistake is scarcely possible4 ,give the prognosis of elephantiasis4 ,if the case comes under treatment in the first months of its development1 the process may probably be checked or held in abeyance2 when well established1 rarely more than palliation is possible4 ,what is the treatment of elephantiasis8 ,the inflammatory attacks are to be treated on general principles4 ,quinia1 potassium iodide1 iron and other tonics are occasionally useful2 and1 especially in the earlier stages1 climatic change is often of value4 ,between the inflammatory attacks the parts are to be rubbed with an ointment of iodine or mercury1 together with galvanization of the involved part4 ,in elephantiasis of the leg1 a roller or rubber bandage1 or the gum stocking1 is to be worn2 compression and ligation of the main artery1 and even excision of the sciatic nerve1 have all been employed1 with more or less diminution in size as a result4 ,in elephantiasis of the genitalia1 if the disease is well advanced1 excision or amputation of the parts is to be practised4 ,eczematous inflammation1 if present1 is to be treated with the ordinary remedies4 ,dermatolysis4 7,synonym3 ,cutis ,pendula47 ,give a descriptive definition of dermatolysis4 ,dermatolysis is a rare disease1 consisting of hypertrophy and looseness of the skin and subcutaneous connective tissue1 with a tendency to hang in folds4 ,describe the symptoms and course of dermatolysis4 ,it may be congenital or acquired1 and maybe limited to a small or large area1 or develop simultaneously at several regions4 ,all parts of the skin1 including the follicles1 glands and subcutaneous connective and areolar tissue1 share in the hypertrophy2 and this in exceptional instances may be so extensive that the integument hangs in folds4 ,the enlargement of the follicles1 natural folds and rugae gives rise to an uneven surface1 but the skin remains soft and pliable4 ,there is also increased pigmentation1 the integument becoming more or less brownish4 ,what course does dermatolysis pursue8 ,its development is slow and usually progressive4 ,it gives rise to no further inconvenience than its weight and consequent discomfort4 ,give the etiology4 ,the etiology is obscure4 ,it is considered by some authors as allied to molluscum fibrosum1 and1 in fact1 as a manifestation of that disease1 ordinary molluscum tumors sometimes being associated with it4 ,it is not malignant4 ,what is the pathology8 ,the disease consists of a simple hypertrophy of all the skin structures and the subcutaneous connective tissue4 ,what is the treatment of dermatolysis8 ,excision when advisable and practicable4 ,,class ,v4--,,atrophies4 ,albinismus4 ,what do you understand by albinismus8 ,congenital absence1 either partial or complete1 of the pigment normally present in the skin1 hair and eyes4 ,describe complete albinismus4 ,in complete albinismus the skin of the entire body is white1 the hair very fine1 soft and white or whitish-yellow in color1 the irides are colorless or light blue1 and the pupils1 owing to the absence of pigment in the choroid1 are red2 this absence of pigment in the eyes gives rise to photophobia and nystagmus4 ,albinos--a term applied to such individuals--are commonly of feeble constitution1 and may exhibit imperfect mental development4 ,describe partial albinismus4 ,partial albinismus is met with most frequently in the colored race4 ,in this form of the affection the pigment is absent in one1 several or more variously-sized patches2 usually the hairs growing thereon are likewise colorless4 ,is there any structural change in the skin8 ,no4 ,the functions of the skin are performed in a perfectly natural manner1 and microscopical examination shows no departure from normal structure save the complete absence of pigment4 ,what is known in regard to the etiology8 ,nothing is known of the causes producing albinismus beyond the single fact that it is frequently hereditary4 ,does albinismus admit of treatment8 ,no2 the condition is without remedy4 ,vitiligo4 7,synonyms3 ,leucoderma2 ,leucopathia47 ,give a definition of vitiligo4 ,vitiligo may be defined as a disease involving the pigment of the skin alone1 characterized by several or more progressive1 milky-white patches surrounded by increased pigmentation4 ,describe the symptoms of vitiligo4 ,the disease may begin at one or more regions1 the backs of the hands1 trunk and face being favorite parts2 its appearance is usually insidious1 and the spots may not be especially noticeable until they are the size of a pea or larger4 ,the patches grow slowly1 are milky or dead white1 smooth1 non-elevated1 and of rounded outline2 the bordering skin is darker than normal1 showing increased pigmentation4 ,several contiguous spots may coalesce and form a large1 irregularly-shaped patch4 ,hair growing on the involved skin may or may not be blanched4 ,there are no subjective symptoms4 ,what course does vitiligo pursue8 ,the course of the disease is slow1 months and sometimes years elapsing before it reaches conspicuous development4 ,it may after a time remain stationary1 or1 in rare instances1 retrogress2 as a rule1 however1 it is progressive4 ,exceptionally1 the greater part1 or even the whole surface may eventually be involved4 ,give the etiology of vitiligo4 ,disturbed innervation is thought to be influential4 ,the disease develops often without apparent cause4 ,alopecia areata and morphoea have been observed associated with it4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cf4 ,vitiligo4 ,state the pathology of vitiligo4 ,the disease consists1 anatomically1 of both a diminution and increase of the pigment--the white patch resulting from the former1 and the pigmented borders from the latter4 ,there is no textural change1 the skin in other respects being normal4 ,from what diseases is vitiligo to be differentiated8 ,from morphoea and from the anaesthetic patches of leprosy4 ,in what respects do these diseases differ from vitiligo8 ,in morphoea there is textural change1 and in leprosy both textural change and constitutional or other symptoms4 ,what prognosis is to be given8 ,it should always be guarded1 the disease in almost all cases being irresponsive to treatment4 ,what is the treatment of vitiligo8 ,the general health is to be looked after1 and remedies directed especially toward the nervous system to be employed4 ,arsenic1 in small and continued doses1 seems at times to have an influence2 when there is lack of general tone it may be prescribed as follows3-- ,rx ,liq4 potassii arsenitis1 4444444444444 fdramj ,tinct4 nucis vom41 4444444444444444444 fdramiij ,elix4 calisayae1 4444444 q4 s4 ad 44444 f,oziv4 ,m4 ,,sig4--fdramj t4 d4 ,suprarenal-gland preparations in moderate dosage long continued has appeared in a few instances to be of some benefit4 ,when upon exposed parts1 stimulation of the patches1 with the view of producing hyperaemia and consequent pigment deposit2 conjoined with suitable applications to the surrounding pigmented skin1 with a view to lessen the coloration 7see treatment of chloasma71 will be of aid in rendering the disease less conspicuous4 ,or the condition may be1 in a measure1 masked by staining the patches with walnut juice or similar pigment4 ,canities4 7,synonym3 ,grayness of the ,hair47 ,describe canities4 ,canities1 or graying of the hair1 may occur in localized areas or it may be more or less general2 the blanching may be slight1 scarcely amounting to slight grayness1 or it may be complete4 ,it is common to advancing years 7canities senilis72 it is seen also exceptionally in early life 7canities praematura74 ,the condition is usually permanent4 ,the loss of pigment takes place1 as a rule1 slowly1 but several apparently authentic cases have been reported in which the change occurred in the course of a night or in a few days4 ,what is the etiology of canities8 ,the causes are obscure4 ,heredity is usually an influential factor1 and conditions which impair the general nutrition have at times an etiological bearing4 ,intense anxiety1 fright1 and other profound nervous shock are looked upon as causative in sudden graying of the hair4 ,give the treatment4 ,canities is without remedy4 ,dyeing1 although not to be advised1 is often practised1 and the condition thus masked4 ,alopecia4 7,synonym3 ,baldness47 ,what do you understand by alopecia8 ,by alopecia is meant loss of hair1 either partial or complete4 ,name the several varieties of alopecia4 ,the so-called varieties are based mainly upon the etiology1 and are named congenital alopecia1 premature alopecia and senile alopecia4 ,describe congenital alopecia4 ,congenital alopecia is a rare condition1 in which the hair-loss is usually noted to be patchy1 or the general hair-growth may simply be scanty4 ,in rare instances the hair has been entirely wanting2 in such cases there is usually defective development of other structures1 such as the teeth4 ,describe premature alopecia4 ,loss of hair occurring in early and middle adult life is not uncommon1 and may consist of a simple thinning or of more or less complete baldness of the whole or greater part of the scalp4 ,it usually develops slowly1 some months or several years passing before the condition is well established4 ,it is often idiopathic1 and without apparent cause further than probably a hereditary predisposition4 ,it may also be symptomatic1 as1 for example1 the loss of hair1 usually rapid 7defluvium capillorum71 following systemic diseases1 such as the various fevers1 and syphilis2 or as a result of a long-continued seborrhoea or seborrhoeic eczema 7alopecia furfuracea74 ,describe senile alopecia4 ,this is the baldness so frequently seen developing with advancing years1 and may consist merely of a general thinning1 or1 more commonly a general thinning with a more or less complete baldness of the temporal and anterior portion or of the vertex of the scalp4 ,what is the prognosis in the various varieties of alopecia8 ,in those cases in which there is a positive cause1 as1 for instance1 in symptomatic alopecia1 the prognosis is1 as a rule1 favorable1 especially if no family predisposition exists4 ,in the congenital and senile varieties the condition is usually irremediable4 ,in idiopathic premature alopecia1 the prognosis should be extremely guarded4 ,how would you treat alopecia8 ,by removing or modifying the predisposing factors by appropriate constitutional remedies1 and by the external use of stimulating applications4 ,name several remedies or combinations usually employed in the local treatment4 ,sulphur ointment1 full strength or weakened with lard or vaseline2 a lotion of resorcin consisting of one or two drachms to four ounces of alcohol1 to which is added ten to thirty minims of castor oil2 and a lotion made up as follows3-- ,rx ,tinct4 cantharidis1 444444444444444444 fdramiv ,tinct4 capsici1 4444444444444444444444 f,ozj ,ol4 ricini1 44444444444444444444444444 fdramss-fdramj ,alcoholis1 4444 q4 s4 ad 4444444444444 f,oziv4 ,m4 ,the following is sometimes beneficial3-- ,rx ,resorcin1 4444444444444444444444444444 gr4 lxxx ,quininae 7alkaloid71 444444444444444444 gr4 xv ,ol4 ricini1 44444444444444444444444444 minimv-minimxx ,alcoholis1 444444444444444444444444444 f,oziv4--,m4 ,another excellent formula is3 ,rx ,resorcin1 4444444444444444444444444444 gr4 lxxx-cxx ,ac4 carbolici cryst41 4444444444444444 gr4 xx ,spts4 myrciae1 444444444444444444444444 f,oziv4--,m4 ,and also the various other stimulating applications employed in alopecia areata 7q4 v474 ,other measures of value are3 ,faradic electricity applied daily for five minutes with a metallic brush or comb2 daily massage1 with the object of loosening the skin and giving more freedom to cutaneous and subcutaneous circulation2 and the application1 two or three times weekly1 of static electricity by means of the static crown electrode4 7,the application selected should be gently--not rubbing--applied daily or every second or third day1 according to the case2 if a lotion1 moistening the parts with it2 if an ointment1 merely greasing the parts4 ,shampooing every one to three weeks1 according to circumstances47 ,alopecia ,areata4 7,synonyms3 ,area ,celsi2 ,alopecia ,circumscripta47 ,what do you understand by alopecia areata8 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #cg4 ,alopecia ,areata4 ,alopecia areata is an affection of the hairy system1 in which occur one or more circumscribed1 round or oval patches of complete baldness unattended by any marked alteration in the skin4 ,upon what parts and at what age does the disease occur8 ,in the large majority of cases the disease is limited to the scalp2 but it may invade other portions of the body1 as the bearded region1 eyebrows1 eyelashes1 and1 in rare instances1 the entire integument4 ,it is most common between the ages of ten and forty4 ,describe the symptoms of alopecia areata4 ,the disease begins either suddenly1 without premonitory symptoms1 one or several patches being formed in a few hours2 or1 and as is more usually the case1 several days or weeks elapse before the bald area or areas are sufficiently large to become noticeable4 ,the patches continue to extend peripherally for a variable period1 and then remain stationary1 or several gradually coalesce and form a large1 irregular area involving the entire or a greater portion of the scalp4 ,the skin of the affected regions is smooth1 faintly pink or milky white1 and at first presents no departure from the normal2 sooner or later1 however1 the follicles become less prominent1 and slight atrophy or thinning may occur1 the bald plaques being slightly depressed4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ch4 ,alopecia ,areata--complete hair loss4 ,occasionally1 usually about the periphery and in the early stages1 a few hair-stumps may be seen4 ,what course does alopecia areata pursue8 ,almost invariably chronic4 ,after the lapse of a variable period the patches cease to extend1 the hairs at the margins of the bald areas being firmly fixed in the follicles2 sooner or later a fine1 colorless lanugo or down shows itself1 which may continue to grow until it is about a half-inch or so in length and then drop out2 or it may remain1 become coarser and pigmented1 and the parts resume their normal condition4 ,not infrequently1 however1 after growing for a time1 the new hair falls out1 and this may happen several times before the termination of the disease4 ,are there any subjective symptoms in alopecia areata8 ,as a rule1 not2 but occasionally the appearance of the patches is preceded by severe headache1 itching or burning1 or other manifestations of disturbed innervation4 ,state the cause of alopecia areata4 ,the etiology is obscure4 ,two theories as to the cause of the disease exist3 one of these regards it as parasitic1 and the other considers it to be trophoneurotic4 ,doubtless both are right1 as a study of the literature would indicate that there are1 as regards etiology1 really two varieties--the contagious and the non-contagious4 ,in ,america examples of the contagious variety are uncommon4 ,does the skin undergo any alterative or destructive changes8 ,microscopical examination of the skin of the diseased area shows little or no alteration in its structure beyond slight thinning4 ,how do you distinguish alopecia areata from ringworm8 ,the plaques of alopecia areata are smooth1 often completely devoid of hair1 and free from scales2 while those of ringworm show numerous broken hairs and stumps1 desquamation1 and usually symptoms of mild inflammatory action4 ,in doubtful cases recourse should be had to the microscope4 ,what is the prognosis in alopecia areata8 ,the disease is often rebellious1 but in children and young adults the prognosis is almost invariably favorable1 permanent loss of hair being uncommon4 ,the same holds true1 but to a much less extent1 with the disease as occurring in those of more advanced age4 ,in extensive cases--those in which the hair of the entire scalp finally entirely disappears1 and sometimes involves all hairy parts--the prognosis is unfavorable4 ,only exceptionally does recovery ensue in such instances4 ,the uncertain duration1 however1 must be borne in mind2 months1 and in some instances several years1 may elapse before complete restoration of hair takes place4 ,relapses are not uncommon4 ,how is alopecia areata treated8 ,by both constitutional and local measures1 the former having in view the invigoration of the nervous system1 and the latter a stimulating and parasiticidal action of the affected areas4 ,give the constitutional treatment4 ,arsenic is perhaps the most valuable remedy1 while quinine1 nux vomica1 pilocarpine1 cod-liver oil and ferruginous tonics may1 in suitable cases1 often be administered with benefit4 ,name several remedies or combinations employed in the external treatment of alopecia areata4 ,ointments of tar and sulphur of varying strength2 the various mercurial ointments2 the tar oils1 either pure or with alcohol2 stimulating lotions1 containing varying proportions1 singly or in combination1 of tincture of capsicum1 tincture of cantharides1 aqua ammoniae1 and oil of turpentine4 ,the following is a safe formula1 especially in dispensary and ignorant class practice3 ,rx beta-naphthol1 444444444444444444444 dramss-dramj ,ol4 cadini1 44444444444444444444444444 dramj ,ungt4 sulphuris1 4444444444 q4 s4 ad 444 ,ozj ,m4 ,the cautious use of a five to twenty per cent4 chrysarobin ointment is of value4 ,painting the patches with pure carbolic acid or trikresol every ten days or two weeks sometimes acts well2 it should not be applied over large areas nor used in young children4 ,galvanization or faradization of the affected parts may also be employed1 and with1 occasionally1 beneficial effect4 ,stimulation with the high-frequency current by means of the vacuum electrode is also of value4 ,when practicable1 the ,finsen light can be applied with hope of benefit and cure4 ,atrophia ,pilorum ,propria4 7,synonym3 ,atrophy of the ,hair47 ,what do you understand by atrophy of the hair8 ,an atrophic1 brittle1 dry condition of the hair1 and which may be either symptomatic or idiopathic4 ,describe the several conditions met with4 ,as a symptomatic affection1 the dry1 brittle condition of the hair met with in seborrhoea1 in severe constitutional diseases1 and in the various vegetable parasitic affections1 may be referred to4 ,as an idiopathic disease it is rare1 consisting simply of a brittleness and an uneven and irregular formation of the hair-shaft1 with a tendency to split up into filaments 7fragilitas crinium72 or there may be localized swelling and bursting of the hair-shaft1 the nodes thus produced having a shining1 semi-transparent appearance 7trichorrhexis nodosa74 ,this latter usually occurs upon the beard and moustache4 ,state the causes of atrophy of the hair4 ,the causes of the symptomatic variety are usually evident2 the etiology of idiopathic atrophy is obscure1 but by many is thought due to parasitism4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ci4 ,trichorrhexis ,nodosa4 7,after ,michelson47 ,what would be your prognosis and treatment in atrophy of the hair8 ,symptomatic atrophy usually responds to proper measures1 but always slowly2 treatment is based upon the etiological factors4 ,for the idiopathic disease little1 as a rule1 can be done2 repeated shaving or cutting the hair has1 in exceptional instances1 been followed by favorable results4 ,atrophia ,unguis4 7,synonyms3 ,atrophy of the ,nails2 ,onychatrophia47 ,describe atrophy of the nails4 ,the nails are soft1 thin and brittle1 splitting easily1 and are often opaque and lustreless1 and may have a worm-eaten appearance4 ,several or more are usually affected4 ,state the causes of atrophy of the nails4 ,the condition may be congenital or acquired1 usually the latter4 ,it may result from trauma1 or be produced by certain cutaneous diseases1 notably eczema and psoriasis2 or it may follow injuries or diseases of the nerves4 ,syphilis and chronic wasting constitutional diseases may also interfere with the normal growth of the nail-substance1 producing varying degrees of atrophy4 ,the fungi of tinea trichophytina and tinea favosa at times invade these structures and lead to more or less complete disintegration--onychomycosis4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #dj4 ,atrophy of the ,nails4 ,what is the treatment of atrophy of the nails8 ,treatment will depend upon the cause4 ,when it is due to eczema or psoriasis1 appropriate constitutional and local remedies should be prescribed4 ,if it is the result of syphilis1 mercury and potassium iodide are to be advised4 ,in onychomycosis--an exceedingly obstinate affection--the nails should be kept closely cut and pared1 and a one- to five-grain solution of corrosive sublimate applied several times a day2 a lotion of sodium hyposulphite1 a drachm to the ounce1 is also a valuable and safe application4 ,atrophia ,cutis4 7,synonyms3 ,atrophoderma2 ,atrophy of the ,skin47 ,what do you understand by atrophy of the skin8 ,by atrophy of the skin is meant an idiopathic or symptomatic wasting or degeneration of its component elements4 ,state the several conditions met with4 ,glossy skin1 general idiopathic atrophy of the skin1 parchment skin1 atrophic lines and spots1 senile atrophy1 and the atrophy following certain cutaneous diseases4 ,describe glossy skin 7atrophoderma neuriticum71 and state the treatment4 ,glossy skin is a rare condition following an injury or disease of the nerve4 ,it is usually seen about the fingers4 ,the skin is hairless1 faintly reddish1 smooth and shining1 with a varnished and thin appearance1 and with a tendency to fissuring4 ,more or less severe and persistent burning pain precedes and accompanies the atrophy4 ,protective applications are called for1 the disease tending slowly to spontaneous disappearance4 ,describe general idiopathic atrophy of the skin1 and give the treatment4 ,general idiopathic atrophy of the skin is extremely rare1 and is characterized by a gradual1 more or less general1 degenerative and quantitative atrophy of the skin structures1 accompanied usually with more or less discoloration and pigmentation4 ,treatment is palliative and based upon indications4 ,describe parchment skin1 and state the treatment4 ,parchment skin 7xeroderma pigmentosum1 angioma pigmentosum et atrophicum7 is a rare disease1 the exact nature of which is not understood4 ,it is characterized by the appearance of numerous disseminated1 freckle-like pigment-spots1 telangiectases1 atrophied muscles1 more or less shrinking and contraction of the integument1 and followed1 in most instances1 by epitheliomatous tumors and ulceration1 and finally death4 ,it is usually slow in its course1 beginning in childhood and lasting for years4 ,it is not infrequently seen in several children of the same family4 ,treatment is palliative1 consisting1 if necessary1 of the use of protective applications and of the administration of tonics and nutrients4 ,describe atrophic lines and spots4 ,atrophic lines and spots 7striae et maculae atrophicae7 may be idiopathic or symptomatic1 the lesions consisting of scar-like or atrophic-looking1 whitish lines and macules1 most commonly seen on the trunk4 ,they are smooth and glistening4 ,slight hyperaemia usually precedes their formation4 ,as an idiopathic disease its course is insidious and slow1 and its progress eventually stayed4 ,the so-called lineae albicantes1 resulting from the stretching of the skin produced by pregnancy or tumors1 and from rapid development of fat1 may be mentioned as illustrating the symptomatic variety4 ,in course of time the atrophy becomes less conspicuous4 ,describe senile atrophy4 ,senile atrophy is not uncommon1 the atrophy resulting1 as the name inferentially implies1 from advancing age4 ,it is characterized by thinning and wasting1 dryness1 and a wrinkled condition1 with more or less pigmentation and loss of hair4 ,circumscribed pigmentary deposits and seborrhoea1 with degeneration1 are also noted4 ,what several diseases of the skin are commonly followed by atrophic changes8 ,favus1 lupus1 syphilis1 leprosy1 scleroderma and morphoea4 ,,class ,,vi4--,,new ,,growths4 ,keloid4 7,synonyms3 ,keloid of ,alibert2 ,cheloid47 ,give a descriptive definition of keloid4 ,keloid is a fibro-cellular new growth of the corium appearing as one or several variously-sized1 irregularly-shaped1 elevated1 smooth1 firm1 pinkish or pale-reddish cicatriform lesions4 ,describe the clinical appearance of keloid4 ,the growth begins as a small1 hard1 elevated1 pinkish or reddish tubercle1 increasing gradually1 several months or years usually elapsing before the tumor reaches conspicuous size4 ,when developed1 it is one or more inches in diameter1 is sharply defined1 elevated1 hard1 rounded or oval1 fungoid or crab-shaped1 and firmly implanted in the skin4 ,it is usually pinkish1 pearl-white1 or reddish1 commonly devoid of hair1 with no tendency to scaliness1 and with1 usually1 several vessels coursing over it4 ,in some instances it is tender1 and it may be spontaneously painful4 ,the breast1 especially over the sternal region1 is a favorite site for its appearance4 ,one1 several or more may be present in the single case4 ,what course does keloid pursue8 ,chronic2 usually lasting throughout life4 ,in rare instances spontaneous involution takes place4 ,state the etiology of keloid4 ,the causes are obscure4 ,the growth usually takes its start from some injury or lesion of continuity2 for instance1 at the site of burns1 cuts1 acne and smallpox scars1 etc4--cicatricial keloid1 false keloid2 or it may also1 so it is thought1 originate in normal skin--spontaneous keloid1 true keloid4 ,what is the pathology of keloid8 ,the lesion is a connective-tissue new growth having its seat in the corium4 ,is there any difficulty in the diagnosis of keloid8 ,no4 ,it resembles hypertrophic scar2 but this latter1 which is essentially keloidal1 never extends beyond the line of injury4 ,give the prognosis4 ,the growth is persistent and usually irresponsive to treatment4 ,in some cases1 however1 there is eventually a tendency to spontaneous retrogression1 up to a certain point at least4 ,what is the treatment of keloid8 ,usually palliative1 consisting of the continuous application of an ointment such as the following3-- ,rx ,acidi salicylici1 44444444444444444444 gr4 x-xx ,emplast4 plumbi1 ,emplast4 saponis1 444 aa 4444444 dramiij ,petrolati1 444444444444444444444444444 dramij4 ,m4 ,an ointment of ichthyol1 twenty-five per cent4 strength1 rubbed in once or twice daily1 is sometimes beneficial4 ,operative measures1 such as punctate and linear scarification1 electrolysis and excision1 are occasionally practised1 but the results are rarely satisfactory and permanent2 not infrequently1 indeed1 renewed activity in the progress of the growth is noted to follow4 ,the x-ray can be tried with some hope of improvement4 ,the administration of thyroid has been thought to have a possible influence in some instances4 ,fibroma4 7,synonyms3 ,molluscum ,fibrosum2 ,fibroma ,molluscum47 ,what do you understand by fibroma8 ,fibroma is a connective-tissue new growth characterized by one or more sessile or pedunculated1 pea- to egg-sized or larger1 soft or firm1 rounded1 painless tumors1 seated beneath and in the skin4 ,describe the clinical appearances of fibroma4 ,the growth may be single1 in which case it is apt to be pedunculated or pendulous1 and attain considerable dimensions2 as a result of weight or pressure surface-ulceration may occur4 ,or1 as commonly met with1 the lesions are numerous1 scattered over large surface1 and vary in size from a pea to a cherry2 the overlying skin being normal1 pinkish or reddish1 loose1 stretched1 hypertrophied or atrophied4 ,the tumors are painless4 ,the general health is not involved4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #da4 ,fibroma4 7,after ,octerlony47 ,what is the course of fibroma8 ,chronic and persistent4 ,what is the etiology of fibroma8 ,the cause is not known4 ,heredity is often noted4 ,the affection is not common4 ,state the pathology of fibroma4 ,the growths are variously thought to have their origin in the connective tissue of the corium1 or in that of the walls of the hair-sac1 or in the connective-tissue framework of the fatty tissue4 ,recent tumors are composed of gelatinous1 newly-formed connective tissue1 and the older growths of a dense1 firmly-packed1 fibrous tissue4 ,from what growths is fibroma to be differentiated8 ,from molluscum contagiosum1 neuroma and lipoma2 the first is differentiated by its central aperture or depression1 neuroma by its painfulness1 and lipoma by its lobulated character and soft feel4 ,give the prognosis of fibroma4 ,the disease is persistent1 and irresponsive to all treatment save operative measures4 ,what is the treatment of fibroma8 ,treatment consists1 when desired and practicable1 in the removal of the growths by the knife1 or in large and pedunculated tumors by the ligature or by the galvano-cautery4 ,neuroma4 ,describe neuroma4 ,neuroma of the skin is an exceedingly rare disease1 characterized by the formation of variously-sized1 usually numerous1 firm1 immovable and elastic fibrous tubercles containing new nerve-elements1 and accompanied by violent1 paroxysmal pain4 ,their growth is slow and usually progressive4 ,later they are painful upon pressure4 ,they are limited to one region4 ,the tumors are seated in the corium1 extending into the deeper structure1 and consist of nerve-fibres1 yellow elastic tissue1 blood vessels and lymphoid cells4 ,in the two cases reported1 excision of the nerve-trunk gave1 in one instance1 permanent relief2 in the other the effect was only temporary4 ,xanthoma4 7,synonyms3 ,vitiligoidea2 ,xanthelasma47 ,what is xanthoma8 ,xanthoma is a connective-tissue new growth characterized by the formation of yellowish1 circumscribed1 irregularly-shaped1 variously-sized1 non-indurated1 flat or raised patches or tubercles4 ,name the two varieties met with4 ,the macular or flat 7xanthoma planum7 and the tubercular 7xanthoma tuberculatum or tuberosum74 ,in some instances both varieties 7xanthoma multiplex7 are seen in the same individual4 ,describe the clinical appearances of xanthoma planum4 ,the macular or flat variety is usually seen about the eyelids4 ,it consists of one1 several or more small or large1 smooth1 opaque1 sharply-defined1 often slightly raised1 yellowish patches1 looking not unlike pieces of chamois-skin implanted in the skin4 ,describe the clinical appearances of xanthoma tuberosum4 ,the tubercular variety is commonly met with upon the neck1 trunk and extremities4 ,it occurs as small1 raised1 isolated1 yellowish nodules1 or as patches made up of aggregations of millet-seed-sized or larger tubercles4 ,the lesions may be few or they may exist in great numbers4 ,what is the course of xanthoma8 ,extremely slow2 after reaching a certain development the growths may remain stationary4 ,state the etiology of xanthoma4 ,the causes are obscure4 ,jaundice not infrequently precedes and accompanies its development1 especially in the tubercular variety4 ,the disease is uncommon1 and is usually seen in middle and advanced life1 and more frequently in women4 ,in some cases 7xanthoma diabeticorum7 of general xanthoma diabetes is the causative factor4 ,what is the pathology of xanthoma8 ,it is a benign1 connective-tissue new growth1 with concomitant or subsequent1 but usually partial1 fatty degeneration4 ,give the prognosis of xanthoma4 ,the condition is persistent1 and usually irresponsive to all treatment save destructive or operative measures4 ,what is the treatment of xanthoma8 ,treatment consists1 in suitable cases1 of excision2 in some instances1 electrolysis is serviceable4 ,applications of trichloracetic acid cautiously made are sometimes of value4 ,in that form of general xanthoma due to diabetes the treatment of this latter condition will materially and sometimes completely remove the eruption4 ,myoma4 7,synonyms3 ,myoma ,cutis2 ,dermatomyoma2 ,liomyoma ,cutis47 ,describe myoma4 ,the disease is rare1 and consists usually of one or several 7exceptionally numerous71 variously-sized tumors of the skin1 made up of smooth muscular fibres4 ,they are flat1 rounded1 oval or pedunculated1 and have a smooth surface and a pale-red color2 as a rule1 they are painless4 ,the growth is benign1 and consists essentially of a new formation of unstriped muscular fibres2 but it may also be composed largely of connective tissue 7fibromyoma72 or it may contain an abundance of bloodvessels 7myoma telangiectodes1 angiomyoma72 or there may be lymphatic involvement 7lymphangiomyoma74 ,angioma4 7,synonyms3 ,naevus ,vasculosus2 ,naevus ,sanguineus47 ,give a definition of angioma4 ,angioma is a congenital hypertrophy of the vascular tissues of the corium and subcutaneous tissue4 ,exceptionally it makes its appearance a few weeks or a month after birth4 ,into what two classes may angiomata be roughly grouped8 ,the flat 7or non-elevated7 and the prominent 7or elevated74 ,describe the flat1 or non-elevated1 variety of angioma4 ,the flat1 or non-elevated1 angioma 7naevus flammeus1 naevus simplex1 angioma simplex1 capillary naevus7 may be pin-head- to bean-sized2 or it may involve an area of several inches in diameter1 and1 exceptionally1 a whole region4 ,it is of a bright- or dark-red color1 and is met with most frequently about the face4 ,in some instances it extends after birth1 reaches a certain size and then remains stationary2 occasionally1 when involving a small area1 it undergoes involution and disappears4 ,the so-called port-wine mark is included in this group4 ,describe the prominent1 or elevated1 variety of angioma4 ,the prominent variety 7venous noevus1 angioma cavernosum1 noevus tuberosus7 is variously-sized1 often considerably elevated1 clearly-defined1 compressible1 smooth or lobulated1 and of a dark1 purple color2 it may1 also1 be erectile and pulsating4 ,the growth is usually a single formation1 and is met with upon all parts of the body4 ,what is the pathology of angioma8 ,it is a new growth1 consisting of a variable hypertrophy of the cutaneous and subcutaneous arterial and venous bloodvessels1 with or without an increase of the connective tissue4 ,give the treatment of angioma4 ,in some instances1 especially in infants1 painting the parts repeatedly with collodion or liquor plumbi subacetatis will act favorably4 ,for well-established1 small1 capillary naevi electrolysis or puncturing with a red-hot needle or with a needle charged with nitric acid may be employed2 for port-wine mark frequent and closely contiguous electrolytic punctures are occasionally followed by a slight diminution in color4 ,for the prominent growths1 vaccination1 the ligature1 puncturing with the galvano-cautery1 and excision are variously resorted to4 ,in recent years applications of liquid air and carbon dioxide have proved of service in some cases4 ,telangiectasis4 ,describe telangiectasis4 ,telangiectasis consists of a new growth or enlargement of the cutaneous capillaries1 usually appearing during middle adult life1 and seated1 for the most part1 about the face4 ,to what extent may telangiectasis develop8 ,it may be limited to a red dot or point1 with several small radiating capillaries 7naevus araneus1 spider naevus71 or a whole region1 usually the face1 may show numerous scattered or closely-set capillary enlargements or new formations 7rosacea74 ,the latter is frequently associated with acne 7acne rosacea74 ,the etiology is obscure4 ,what is the treatment of telangiectasis8 ,destruction of the vessels by electrolysis or by the knife4 7,see treatment of acne rosacea47 ,lymphangioma4 7,synonym3 ,lymphangiectodes47 ,describe lymphangioma4 ,lymphangioma is a rare disease1 consisting of localized dilatations of the lymphatic vessels1 appearing as discrete or aggregated pin-head or pea-sized1 compressible1 hollow1 tubercle-like elevations1 of a pinkish or faint lilac color1 and occurring for the most part about the trunk4 ,it is of slow but usually progressive development1 and is unaccompanied by subjective symptoms4 ,a rare condition1 ,kaposi described as lymphangioma tuberosum multiplex1 characterized by more or less solid1 somewhat cystic1 pearly to pinkish red1 sometimes crowded lesions1 is now known to be benign cystic epithelioma2 its most common site is the face4 ,while called benign1 ulcerative action may eventually ensue4 ,treatment1 when demanded1 consists of operative measures4 ,rhinoscleroma4 ,describe rhinoscleroma4 ,rhinoscleroma is a rare and obscure disease1 slow but progressive in its course1 characterized by the development of an irregular1 dense and hard1 flattened1 tubercular1 non-ulcerating1 cellular new growth1 having its seat about the nose and contiguous parts4 ,the overlying skin is normal in color1 or it may be light- or dark-brown or reddish4 ,marked disfigurement and closure1 partial or complete1 of the nasal orifices gradually results4 ,it is met with chiefly in ,austria and ,germany4 ,treatment1 consisting of partial or complete extirpation1 is rarely permanent in its results1 the disease tending to recur4 ,lupus ,erythematosus4 7,synonyms3 ,lupus ,erythematodes2 ,lupus ,sebaceus2 ,seborrhoea ,congestiva47 ,what is lupus erythematosus8 ,lupus erythematosus may be roughly defined as a mildly to moderately inflammatory superficial new-growth formation1 characterized by one1 several1 or more circumscribed1 variously sized and shaped1 pinkish or dark red patches1 covered slightly1 and more or less irregularly1 with adherent grayish or yellowish scales4 ,upon what parts is lupus erythematosus observed8 ,its common site is the face1 usually the nose and cheeks1 with a tendency toward symmetry2 it is often limited to these parts1 but may occasionally be seen upon other regions1 more especially the lips1 ears1 and scalp4 ,in rare instances a great part of the general surface may become involved4 ,describe the symptoms of lupus erythematosus4 ,usually the disease begins as one or several rounded1 circumscribed1 pin-head- to pea-sized lesions2 slightly scaly1 somewhat elevated1 and of a pinkish1 reddish or violaceous color4 ,they slowly1 or somewhat rapidly1 increase in area1 and after attaining variable size remain stationary2 or they may progress and coalesce1 and in this manner sooner or later involve considerable surface4 ,the patches are sharply defined against the sound skin by an elevated border1 while the central portion is somewhat depressed and usually atrophic4 ,more or less thickening and infiltration are observed4 ,there is no tendency to ulceration4 ,the scaliness is1 as a rule1 scanty4 ,the gland-ducts are enlarged1 patulous or plugged with sebaceous and epithelial matter4 ,the subjective symptoms of burning and itching are usually slight and often wanting4 ,what course does lupus erythematosus pursue8 ,as a rule1 the disease is persistent1 although somewhat variable4 ,at times the patches retrogress1 involution taking place with or without slight sieve-like atrophy or scarring4 ,state the causes of lupus erythematosus4 ,the etiology is obscure4 ,some observers believe it to be a variety of cutaneous tuberculosis4 ,it is essentially a disease of adult and middle age2 is more common in women1 and more frequent in those having a tendency to disorders of the sebaceous glands4 ,it may1 in fact1 begin as a seborrhoea4 ,what is the pathology8 ,it was formerly considered a new growth1 but recent opinion tends toward regarding it as a chronic inflammation of the cutis1 superinducing degenerative and atrophic changes4 ,variable oedema of the prickle layer and of the cutis is found4 ,there is no tendency to pus formation4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #db4 ,lupus ,erythematosus4 ,is there any difficulty in the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus8 ,as a rule1 not1 as the features of the disease--the sharply circumscribed outline1 the reddish or violaceous color1 the elevated border1 the tendency to central depression and atrophy1 the plugged up or patulous sebaceous ducts1 the adherent grayish or yellowish scales1 together with the region attacked 7usually the nose and cheeks7--are characteristic4 ,state the prognosis of lupus erythematosus4 ,the disease is often capricious and extremely rebellious to treatment2 some cases1 up to a certain point at least1 yield readily1 and occasionally a tendency to spontaneous disappearance is observed2 a complete cure is1 however1 it must be confessed1 rather rare4 ,the disease in nowise compromises the general health4 ,in those rare instances of generalized disease the patient has usually died from an intercurrent tuberculosis4 ,how is lupus erythematosus to be treated8 ,the general health is to be looked after and systemic treatment prescribed1 if indicated4 ,as a rule1 constitutional remedies exert little1 if any1 influence1 but exceptionally1 cod-liver oil1 arsenic1 phosphorus1 salicin1 quinine1 or potassium iodide proves of service4 ,locally1 according to the case1 soothing remedies1 stimulating applications and destruction of the growth by caustics or operative measures are to be employed4 7,try the milder applications first47 ,mention the stimulating applications commonly employed4 ,washing the parts energetically with tincture of sapo viridis1 rinsing and applying a soothing ointment1 such as cold cream or vaseline4 ,a lotion containing zinc sulphate and potassium sulphuret thoroughly dabbed on the parts morning and evening3-- ,rx ,zinci sulphatis1 ,potassii sulphurati1 4444 aa 444 drami-dramiv ,glycerinae1 444444444444444444444444444 minimiv ,aquae1 44444444444444444444444444444444 f,oziv4 ,m4 ,the calamine-and-zinc oxide lotion used in acute eczema is also often extremely valuable4 ,lotions of ichthyol and of resorcin1 five to sixty grains to the ounce2 ichthyol in ointment1 five- to twenty-per-cent4 strength1 is also useful4 ,painting the patches with pure carbolic acid2 repeating a day or two after the crusts have fallen off4 ,the continuous application of mercurial plaster4 ,sulphur and tar ointments1 officinal strength or weakened with lard1 and also the following3-- ,rx ,ol4 cadini1 ,alcoholis1 ,saponis viridis1 44444 aa 444444 dramiiss4 ,m4 7,this is to be rubbed in1 in small quantity1 once or twice daily1 and later a soothing remedy applied47 ,in recent years both the x-ray and ,finsen light have been used with variable success4 ,repeated applications of the high-frequency current1 with the vacuum electrode1 have also proved serviceable4 ,cautious applications of liquid air or carbon dioxide have also been used with some success in the past few years4 ,when are destructive and operative measures justifiable8 ,in obstinate1 sluggish1 and long-persistent patches1 and then only after other methods of treatment have failed4 7,remember that a patch or patches of the disease may disappear in course of time spontaneously1 and occasionally without leaving a scar47 ,state the methods of treatment commonly used in obstinate1 sluggish and persistent patches of lupus erythematosus4 ,cauterization--with nitrate of silver1 with applications of pyrogallic acid in ointment or in liquor gutta-perchae1 fifteen to thirty per cent4 strength1 and with solutions 7cautiously employed7 of caustic potash1 and exceptionally with the galvano-cautery4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #dc4 ,single ,scarifier4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #dd4 ,multiple ,scarifier4 7,as modified by ,van ,harlingen47 ,operative--scarification1 either punctate or linear1 and erosion with the curette4 7,see treatment of lupus vulgaris47 ,lupus ,vulgaris4 7,synonyms3 ,lupus2 ,lupus ,exedens2 ,lupus ,vorax2 ,tuberculosis of the ,skin47 ,what do you understand by lupus vulgaris8 ,lupus vulgaris is a cellular new growth1 characterized by variously-sized1 soft1 reddish-brown1 papular1 tubercular and infiltrated patches1 usually terminating in ulceration and scarring4 ,upon what region is lupus vulgaris usually observed8 ,the face1 especially the nose1 but any part may be invaded4 ,the area involved may be small or quite extensive1 usually the former4 ,at what age is the disease noted8 ,in many cases it begins in childhood or early adult life1 but as it is persistent and tends to relapse1 it may be met with at any age4 ,describe the earlier symptoms of lupus vulgaris4 ,the disease begins by the development of several or more pin-head to small pea-sized1 deep-seated1 brownish-red or yellowish tubercles1 having their seat in the deeper part of the corium1 and which are somewhat softer and looser in texture than normal tissue4 ,as the disease progresses1 variously-sized and shaped aggregations or patches result1 covered with thin and imperfectly-formed epidermis4 ,what changes do the lupus tubercles or infiltrations undergo8 ,the lesions1 having attained a certain size or development1 may remain so for a time1 but sooner or later retrogressive changes occur3 the matured papules or tubercles1 or infiltrated patches1 slowly disappear by absorption1 fatty degeneration1 and exfoliation1 leaving a yellowish or brownish pigmentation1 usually with more or less atrophy or cicatricial-tissue formation--lupus exfoliativus2 or disintegration and destruction result1 terminating in ulceration--lupus exedens1 lupus exulcerans4 ,this latter is the more usual course4 ,describe the clinical appearances and behavior of the lupus ulcerations4 ,they are rounded1 shallow excavations1 with soft and reddish borders4 ,in exceptional instances exuberant granulations appear--lupus hypertrophicus2 or papillary outgrowths are noted--lupus verrucosus4 ,the ulcerations secrete a variable amount of pus1 usually slight in quantity1 which leads to more or less crust formation2 later1 however1 cicatricial tissue1 generally of a firm and fibrous character1 results4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #de4 ,lupus of ,arm4 ,in what manner does the disease spread8 ,the patches spread by the appearance of new tubercles1 or infiltrations at the peripheral portion4 ,new islets and areas of disease may continue to make their appearance from time to time1 usually upon contiguous parts4 ,are the mucous membranes of the mouth1 throat and larynx ever involved8 ,in some instances1 and either primarily or secondarily4 ,illustration3 ,lupus ,vulgaris4 ,illustration3 ,lupus ,vulgaris4 ,is the bone tissue ever involved in lupus vulgaris8 ,no4 ,what course does lupus vulgaris pursue8 ,it is slowly but1 as a rule1 steadily progressive4 ,several years or more may elapse before the area of disease is conspicuous4 ,what is the cause of lupus vulgaris8 ,it is now known to be due to the invasion of the cutaneous structures by the tubercle bacillus2 in short1 a tuberculosis of the skin4 ,it is not infrequently observed in the strumous and debilitated4 ,it is entirely independent of syphilis4 ,what is the pathology of lupus vulgaris8 ,according to recent investigations1 the infiltrations of lupus are due chiefly to cell-proliferation and outgrowth from the protoplasmic walls and adventitia of the bloodvessels and lymphatics4 ,the fibrous-tissue network1 vessels and a portion of the cell infiltration are thus produced1 the fixed and wandering connective-tissue cells of the inflamed stroma of the cutis being responsible for the other portion of the new growth 7,robinson74 ,state the diagnostic features of lupus vulgaris4 ,in a typical1 developed patch of lupus are to be seen3--cicatricial formation1 usually of a fibrous and tough character2 ulcerations2 the yellowish-brown tubercles and infiltration2 and the characteristic soft1 small1 yellowish or reddish-brown1 cutaneous and subcutaneous points and tubercles4 ,how does the tubercular syphiloderm differ from lupus vulgaris8 ,the tubercular syphiloderm is much more rapid in its course1 the ulceration is deeper and the discharge copious and often offensive2 the scarring is soft1 and1 compared to the amount of ulceration1 but slightly disfiguring2 and it is1 for obvious reasons1 a disease of adult or late life4 ,the history1 together with other evidences of previous or concomitant symptoms of syphilis1 will often aid in the differentiation4 ,how does epithelioma differ from lupus vulgaris8 ,the edges of the epitheliomatous ulcer are hard1 elevated and waxy2 the base is uneven1 the secretion thin1 scanty and apt to be streaked with blood2 the ulceration usually starts from one point1 and is often painful2 the tissue destruction may be considerable2 there is little1 if any1 tendency to the formation of cicatricial tissue2 and1 finally1 it is usually a disease of advanced age4 ,in what respects does lupus erythematosus differ from lupus vulgaris8 ,lupus erythematosus has no papules1 tubercles or ulceration4 ,how does acne rosacea differ from lupus vulgaris8 ,acne rosacea is characterized by hyperaemia1 dilated vessels1 papules1 pustules1 the absence of ulceration1 and a different history4 ,state the prognosis of lupus vulgaris4 ,lupus vulgaris is always a chronic disease1 often exceedingly rebellious to treatment1 and one that calls for a guarded opinion4 ,relapses are not uncommon4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #df4 ,galvano-cautery ,needle1 ,knife and ,spiral ,points4 7,as devised by ,besnier47 ,the general health usually remains good1 but in some instances death by tuberculosis of the lungs has been noted4 ,is external or internal treatment called for in lupus vulgaris8 ,always external1 and not infrequently constitutional also4 ,what is the constitutional treatment8 ,the general health must be cared for2 good1 nutritious food1 fresh air and out-door exercise1 together with1 in many cases1 the administration of such remedies as cod-liver oil1 potassium iodide1 iron and quinine1 are of therapeutic importance4 ,tuberculin may be tried in severe and obstinate cases1 but its use is not without danger4 ,state the object of local treatment4 ,the destruction or removal of the diseased tissue4 ,may milder methods of treatment sometimes prove beneficial and even curative8 ,exceptionally1 mercurial plaster1 corrosive-sublimate lotion and ointment 7gr4 j to ,ozj71 a plaster containing five to fifteen per cent4 of salicylic acid and creasote1 repeated paintings with carbolic acid1 and the constant application of lead plaster containing twenty per cent4 of ichthyol1 are valuable4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #dg4 ,double ,curette4 ,of the milder methods1 those most in vogue to-day are the ,finsen light and x-ray4 ,either proves extremely valuable in some cases1 but the ,finsen method is the favorite method4 ,what methods are commonly employed for the rapid removal or destruction of lupus tissue8 ,cauterization1 scarification1 erasion and excision are variously practised2 the particular method depending1 in great measure1 upon the extent of the disease1 the part involved1 and other circumstances4 ,name the several caustics1 and state how they are employed4 ,pyrogallic acid1 used as an ointment3-- ,rx ,ac4 pyrogallici1 444444444444444444444 dramij ,emplast4 plumbi1 444444444444444444444 dramj ,cerat4 resinsae1 4444444444444444444444 dramv4 ,m4 ,it is applied for one or two weeks4 ,every several days the parts are poulticed1 the slough thus removed1 and the ointment reapplied1 and so on until the diseased tissue has been destroyed4 ,it is useful in those cases in which a mild and comparatively painless caustic is advisable4 ,in most cases several repetitions of this plan are necessary4 ,arsenious acid1 employed as an ointment-- ,rx ,ac4 arseniosi1 4444444444444444444444 gr4 xx ,hydrarg4 sulphid4 rub41 4444444444444 gr4 lx ,ungt4 aquae rosae1 44444444444444444444 ,ozi4--,m4 ,it is painful but thorough2 it is spread on lint and renewed daily4 ,the action is usually sufficient in three days1 and the parts are then poulticed until the slough comes away1 after which a simple dressing is employed4 ,its application is advisable for a small area only--not more than four square inches--as absorption is possible4 ,galvano-cautery4--,the diseased tissue is destroyed by numerous punctures with a red-heated point or by linear incision with a red-heated knife4 ,it is often a practicable and satisfactory method4 ,the ,paquelin cautery and liquid air and carbon dioxide also have their advocates4 ,describe the operative measures employed in the removal of lupus tissue4 ,linear ,scarification4--,the parts are thoroughly cross-tracked1 cutting through the diseased tissue1 and subsequently a simple salicylated ointment applied4 ,the operation is repeated from time to time1 and as a result the new growth undergoes retrogressive changes1 and cicatrization takes place4 ,punctate ,scarification4--,by means of a simple or multiple-pointed instrument numerous closely-set punctures are made1 and repeated from time to time1 usually with the same action and result as from linear scarification4 ,erasion4--,the parts are thoroughly scraped with a curette1 and a supplementary caustic application made1 either with caustic potash or several days' use of the pyrogallic-acid ointment4 ,the result is usually satisfactory4 ,the dental-burr is also useful in breaking up discrete tubercles4 ,excision4--,this is an effective method if the disease consists of a small pea- or bean-sized circumscribed patch4 ,of these various operative methods those now most favored are erasion and excision1 punctate and linear scarification methods are now rarely employed4 ,tuberculosis ,cutis4,d 7,synonym3 ,scrofuloderma47 ,footnote ,d3 ,the most important clinical variety of this class is lupus vulgaris1 which is considered above1 separately1 at some length4 ,what do you understand by tuberculosis cutis8 ,the term is applied to those peculiar suppurative and ulcerative conditions of the skin due to the tubercle bacilli4 ,how does the common type of tuberculosis cutis begin8 ,the most common type of tuberculous ulceration or involvement of the skin usually results by extension from an underlying caseating and suppurating lymphatic gland2 or it may have its origin as subcutaneous tubercles independently of these structures4 ,it tends to spread1 and may involve an area of one or several inches4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #dh4 ,tuberculosis ,verrucosa ,cutis 7,negro74 ,what are the clinical appearances and behavior of this type of tuberculous ulceration8 ,it is usually superficial1 has thin1 red1 undermined edges of a violaceous color1 and an irregular base with granulations covered scantily with pus4 ,as a rule1 it spreads gradually as a simple ulceration1 with but slight1 if any1 outlying infiltration4 ,subjective symptoms of a painful or troublesome character are rarely present4 ,its course is usually progressive but slow and chronic4 ,other symptoms of tuberculosis are commonly to be found4 ,are other forms of tuberculosis cutis met with8 ,a papulo-pustular eruption is sometimes observed1 especially on the upper extremities and face2 sluggish and chronic in character and leaving small pit-like scars2 has been known as the small pustular scrofuloderma4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #di4 ,tuberculosis ,verrucosa ,cutis 7patient had a coexistent pulmonary tuberculosis74 ,an ulcerative papillomatous or verrucous tuberculosis of the skin 7tuberculosis verrucosa cutis7 is also occasionally noted1 most commonly seated upon the lower leg or the back of the hand4 ,it may be slight or extensive4 ,its mildest phase is the so-called verruca necrogenica4 ,describe verruca necrogenica4 ,verruca necrogenica is a rare1 localized1 papillary or wart-like formation1 occurring usually about the knuckles or other parts of the hand4 ,it begins1 as a rule1 as a small1 papule-like growth1 increasing gradually in area1 and when well advanced appears as a pea1 dime-sized or larger1 somewhat inflammatory1 elevated1 flat1 warty mass1 with usually a tendency to slight pus-formation between the hypertrophied papillae2 the surface may be horny or it may be crusted4 ,it tends to enlarge slowly and is usually persistent1 but it at times undergoes involution4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ej4 ,tuberculosis ,cutis 7,verruca ,necrogenica74 7,after ,model in ,guy's ,museum47 ,state the etiology4 ,heredity1 insufficient and unwholesome food1 impure air1 and the like are predisposing4 ,the tubercle bacillus is the immediate exciting cause4 ,the disease usually appears in childhood or early adult life1 and not infrequently follows in the wake of some severe systemic disease4 ,etiologically it is identical in nature with lupus4 ,how is the tuberculous ulcer to be differentiated from syphilis8 ,by the peculiar character of the tuberculous ulceration1 the absence of outlying tubercles and infiltration1 together with its history1 course1 and often the presence of other tuberculous symptoms4 ,state the prognosis4 ,these various types of tuberculosis cutis are1 as a rule1 more amenable to treatment than that form known as lupus vulgaris 7q4 v474 ,what is the treatment of these forms of tuberculosis cutis8 ,constitutional remedies1 such as cod-liver oil1 iodide of iron or other ferruginous tonics1 together with good food and pure air2 phosphorus one-hundredth to one-fiftieth of a grain three times daily is also of benefit in some cases4 ,the local treatment consists in thorough curetting and the subsequent application of a mildly stimulating ointment4 ,the several other plans of external treatment employed in lupus 7q4 v47 are also variously practised4 ,in recent years the x-ray and ,finsen light plans have1 in a measure1 supplanted the previous methods of treatment4 ,they are slow1 however1 and might be1 especially the x-ray1 more satisfactorily employed as a supplementary measure4 ,ainhum4 ,describe ainhum4 ,ainhum is a disease of the ,african race1 met with chiefly in ,brazil1 the ,west ,indies1 and ,africa1 and consists of a slow but gradual linear strangulation of one or more of the toes1 especially the smallest1 resulting1 eventually1 in spontaneous amputation4 ,the affected toes themselves undergo fatty degeneration1 often with increase in size1 and are1 when strangulation is well advanced1 considerably misshapen4 ,the nature of the disease is obscure4 ,treatment consists1 in the early stages1 of incision through the constricting band2 when the disease is well advanced1 amputation is the sole recourse4 ,mycetoma4 7,synonyms3 ,fungous ,foot of ,india2 ,madura ,foot2 ,podelcoma47 ,decribe mycetoma4 ,it is a disease involving usually the foot1 and is met with chiefly in ,india4 ,it is characterized by swelling and the formation of tubercular or nodular lesions which break down and form the external openings of sinuses which lead to the interior of the affected part4 ,these discharge1 and are studded with1 whitish granules or black1 roe-like masses1 mixed with a sanious or sero-purulent fluid4 ,the whole part is gradually disintegrated1 the process lasting indefinitely4 ,its nature is obscure2 it is thought to be due to a fungus4 ,treatment consists in the early stages1 when the disease is limited1 of thorough curetting and cauterization2 later1 after the part is more or less involved1 amputation1 at a point well up beyond the disease1 becomes necessary4 ,potassium iodide internally may exert a favorable influence4 ,perforating ,ulcer of the ,foot4 ,describe perforating ulcer of the foot4 ,perforating ulcer of the foot is a rare disease1 consisting of an indolent and usually painless sinus leading down to diseased bone4 ,the external opening1 which is through the centre of a corn-like formation1 is small1 and may or may not show the presence of granulations4 ,the affected part is commonly more or less anaesthetic and of subnormal temperature4 ,one or several may be present1 either on one or both feet4 ,the most common site is over the articulation of the metatarsal bone with the phalanx of the first or last toe4 ,the disease is dependent upon impairment or degeneration of the central1 truncal or peripheral nerves4 ,what is to be said in regard to the prognosis and treatment8 ,treatment1 which is1 as a rule1 unsatisfactory1 consists in the maintenance of absolute rest1 and the use of antiseptic and stimulating applications4 ,amputation is also resorted to1 but even this is at times futile1 as a new sinus may appear upon the stump4 ,syphilis ,cutanea4 7,synonyms3 ,syphiloderma2 ,dermatosyphilis2 ,syphilis of the ,skin47 ,in what various types may syphilis manifest itself upon the integument8 ,syphilis may show itself as a macular1 papular 7rarely vesicular71 pustular1 bullous1 tubercular and gummatous eruption2 or the eruption may be1 in a measure1 of a mixed type4 ,in what respects do the early 7or secondary7 eruptions of syphilis differ from those following several years or more after the contraction of the disease8 ,the early or secondary eruptions are more or less generalized1 with rarely any attempt at special configuration4 ,their appearance is often preceded by symptoms of systemic disturbance1 such as fever1 loss of appetite1 muscular pains and headache2 and accompanied by concomitant signs of the disease1 such as enlargement of the lymphatic glands1 sore throat1 mucous patches1 falling of the hair and rheumatic pains4 ,state the distinguishing characters of the late eruptions4 ,the late eruptions 7those following one or more years after the contraction of the disease7 are usually of tubercular1 gummatous or ulcerative type2 are limited in extent1 and have a marked tendency to appear in circular1 semicircular or crescentic forms or groups4 ,pain in the bones1 bone lesions and other symptoms may or may not be present4 ,what is the color of syphilitic lesions8 ,usually1 a dull brownish-red or ham-red1 with at times a yellowish cast4 ,are there any subjective symptoms in syphilitic eruptions8 ,as a rule1 no2 but in exceptional instances of the generalized eruptions1 more especially in negroes1 there may be slight itching4 ,describe the macular1 or erythematous1 eruption of syphilis4 ,the macular syphiloderm is a general eruption1 showing itself usually six or eight weeks after the appearance of the chancre4 ,it consists of small or large1 commonly pea- or bean-sized1 rounded or irregularly-shaped1 not infrequently slightly raised1 macules4 ,when well established they do not entirely disappear under pressure4 ,at first a pale-pink or dull1 violaceous red1 they later become yellowish or coppery4 ,the eruption is generally profuse2 the face1 backs of the hands and feet may escape4 ,it persists several weeks or one or two months2 as a rule1 it is rapidly responsive to treatment4 ,how would you distinguish the macular syphiloderm from measles1 roetheln and tinea versicolor8 ,measles is to be differentiated by its catarrhal symptoms1 fever1 form and situation of the eruption2 roetheln1 by its small1 roundish1 confluent pinkish or reddish patches1 its precursory pyrexic symptoms1 its epidemic nature1 and short duration2 tinea versicolor by its scaliness1 peripheral growth1 distribution and history4 ,and1 finally1 by the absence or presence of other symptoms of syphilis4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ea4 ,macular ,syphiloderm4 ,what several varieties of the papular eruption of syphilis are met with8 ,there are two forms of the papular eruption--the small and large2 those of the latter type may undergo various modifications4 ,describe the small-papular eruption of syphilis4 ,the small-papular syphiloderm 7miliary papular syphiloderm7 usually shows itself in the third or fourth month of the disease1 and consists of a more or less generalized eruption of disseminated or grouped1 firm1 rounded or acuminated pin-head to millet-seed-sized papules1 with smooth or slightly scaly summits1 and in some lesions showing pointed pustulation4 ,scattered minute pustules and some large papules are usually present4 ,the eruption is profuse1 most abundant upon the trunk and limbs2 and in the early part of the outbreak is of a bright- or dull-red color1 later assuming a violaceous or brownish tint4 ,it runs a chronic course1 is somewhat rebellious to treatment1 and displays a tendency to relapse4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #eb4 ,moist ,papules4 7,after ,miller47 ,how would you distinguish the small-papular syphiloderm from keratosis pilaris1 psoriasis punctata1 papular eczema1 and lichen ruber8 ,the distribution and extent of the eruption1 the color1 the grouping1 with usually the presence of pustules and large papules and other concomitant symptoms of syphilis1 are points of difference4 ,pustules never occur in the several diseases named1 except in eczema4 ,describe the large-papular eruption of syphilis4 ,the large-papular syphiloderm 7or lenticular syphiloderm7 is a common form of cutaneous syphilis1 appearing usually in the first six or eight months1 and consists of a more or less generalized eruption of pea- to dime-sized or larger1 flat1 rounded or oval1 firmly seated1 more or less raised1 dull-red papules2 with at first a smooth surface1 which later usually becomes covered with a film of exfoliating epidermis4 ,the papules1 as a rule1 develop slowly1 remain stationary several weeks or a few months1 and then pass away by absorption1 leaving slight pigmentation1 which gradually fades2 or they may undergo certain modifications4 ,in most cases it responds rapidly to treatment4 ,illustration3 ,small-papular ,syphiloderm4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ec4 ,palmar ,syphiloderm4 ,what modifications do the papules of the large-papular syphiloderm sometimes undergo8 ,they may change into the moist papule and squamous papule4 ,describe the moist papule of syphilis4 ,the change into the moist papule 7also called mucous patch1 flat condyloma7 is not uncommon where opposing surfaces and natural folds of skin are subjected to more or less contact1 as about the anus1 the scroto-femoral regions1 umbilicus1 axillae and beneath the mammae4 ,the dry1 flat papules gradually become moist and covered with a grayish1 sticky1 mucoid secretion2 several may coalesce and form large1 flat patches4 ,they may so remain1 or they may become hypertrophic1 warty or papillomatous1 with more or less crust formation 7vegetating syphiloderm74 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ed4 ,annular ,syphiloderm4 7,after ,i4,e4 ,atkinson47 ,describe the squamous papule of syphilis4 ,this tendency of the large-papular eruption to become scaly1 when exhibited1 is more or less common to all papules1 and constitutes the squamous or papulo-squamous syphiloderm 7improperly called psoriasis syphilitica74 ,the papules become somewhat flattened and are covered with dry1 grayish or dirty-gray1 somewhat adherent scales4 ,the scaling1 as compared to that of psoriasis1 is1 as a rule1 relatively slight4 ,the eruption may be general1 as usually the case in the earlier months of the disease1 or it may appear as a relapse or a later manifestation1 and be limited in extent4 ,as a limited eruption it is most frequently seen on the palms and soles--the palmar and plantar syphiloderm4 ,occurring on these parts it is often rebellious to treatment4 ,illustration3 ,maculo-papular syphiloderm4 ,how are you to distinguish the papulo-squamous syphiloderm from psoriasis8 ,in psoriasis the eruption is more inflammatory1 and usually bright red2 the scales whitish or pearl-colored and1 as a rule1 abundant4 ,it is generally seen in greater profusion upon certain parts1 as1 for instance1 the extensor surfaces1 especially of the elbows and knees4 ,it is not infrequently itchy1 and1 moreover1 presents a different history4 ,in the syphilitic eruption some of the papules almost invariably remain perfectly free from any tendency to scale formation2 there is distinct deposit or infiltration1 and the lesions are of a dark1 sluggish red or ham tint2 and1 moreover1 concomitant symptoms of syphilis are usually present4 ,describe the annular eruption of syphilis4 ,the annular syphiloderm 7circinate syphiloderm7 is observed usually in association with the large-papular eruption1 and consists of several or more variously sized1 ring-like lesions1 with a distinctly elevated solid ridge or wall peripherally and a more or less flattened centre4 ,it is commonly seen about the mouth1 forehead and neck4 ,the lesion appears to have its origin from an ordinary1 usually scaleless or slightly scaly1 large papule1 the central portion of which has been incompletely formed or has become sunken and flattened4 ,the manifestation is rare1 and is seen most frequently in the negro4 ,what several varieties of the pustular syphiloderm are met with8 ,the small acuminated-pustular syphiloderm1 the large acuminated-pustular syphiloderm1 the small flat-pustular syphiloderm1 and the large flat-pustular syphiloderm4 ,describe the small acuminated-pustular eruption of syphilis4 ,the small acuminated-pustular syphiloderm 7miliary pustular syphiloderm7 is an early or late secondary eruption1 commonly encountered in the first six or eight months of the disease4 ,it consists of a more or less generalized1 disseminated or grouped1 millet-seed-sized1 acuminated pustules1 usually seated upon dull-red1 papular elevations4 ,the eruption is1 as a rule1 profuse1 and usually involves the hair-follicles4 ,the pustules dry to crusts1 which fall off and are often followed by a slight1 fringe-like exfoliation around the base1 constituting a grayish ring or collar4 ,minute pin-point atrophic depressions or stains are left1 which gradually become less distinct4 ,scattered large pustules1 and sometimes papules1 are not infrequently present4 ,describe the large acuminated-pustular eruption of syphilis4 ,the large acuminated-pustular syphiloderm 7acne-form syphiloderm1 variola-form syphiloderm7 is a more or less generalized eruption1 occurring usually in the first six or eight months of the disease4 ,it consists of small or large pea-sized1 disseminated or grouped1 acuminated or rounded pustules1 resembling the lesions of acne and variola4 ,they develop slowly or rapidly1 and at first may appear more or less papular4 ,they dry to somewhat thick crusts1 and are seated upon superficially ulcerated bases4 ,it pursues1 as a rule1 a comparatively rapid and benign course4 ,in relapses the eruption is usually more or less localized4 ,how would you distinguish the large acuminated-pustular syphiloderm from acne and variola8 ,in acne the usual limitation of the lesions to the face or face and shoulders1 the origin1 more rapid formation and evolution of the individual lesions1 and the chronic character of the disease1 are usually distinctive points4 ,in variola1 the intensity of the general symptoms1 the shot-like beginning of the lesions1 their course1 the umbilication1 and the definite duration1 are to be considered4 ,the presence or absence of other symptoms of syphilis has1 in obscure cases1 an important diagnostic bearing4 ,describe the small flat-pustular eruption of syphilis4 ,the small flat-pustular syphiloderm 7impetigo-form syphiloderm7 consists of a more or less generalized1 pea-sized1 flat or raised1 discrete1 irregularly-grouped1 or in places confluent1 pustules1 appearing usually in the first year of the disease4 ,the pustules dry rapidly to yellow1 greenish-yellow1 or brownish1 more or less adherent1 thick1 uneven1 somewhat granular crusts1 beneath which there may be superficial or deep ulceration2 where the lesions are confluent a continuous sheet of crusting forms4 ,the eruption is often scanty4 ,it is most frequently observed about the nose1 mouth1 hairy parts of the face and scalp1 and about the genitalia1 frequently in association with papules on other parts4 ,are you likely to mistake the small flat-pustular syphiloderm for any other eruption8 ,scarcely2 but when upon the scalp1 it may bear rough resemblance to pustular eczema1 but the erosion or ulceration will serve to differentiate4 ,moreover1 concomitant symptoms of syphilis are to be looked for4 ,describe the large flat-pustular eruption of syphilis4 ,the large flat-pustular syphiloderm 7ecthyma-form syphiloderm7 consists of a more or less generalized1 scattered eruption1 of large pea- or dime-sized1 flat pustules4 ,they dry rapidly to crusts4 ,the bases of the lesions are a deep-red or copper color4 ,two types of the eruption are met with4 ,in one type--the superficial variety--the crust is flat1 rounded or ovalish1 of a yellowish-brown or dark-brown color1 and seated upon a superficial erosion or ulcer4 ,the lesions are usually numerous1 and most abundant on the back1 shoulders and extremities4 ,it appears1 as a rule1 within the first year1 and generally runs a benign course4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ee4 ,rupia4 7,after ,tilbury ,fox47 ,in the other type--the deep variety--the crust is greenish or blackish1 is raised and more bulky1 often conical and stratified1 like an oyster shell--rupia2 beneath the crusts may be seen rounded or irregular-shaped ulcers1 having a greenish-yellow1 puriform secretion4 ,it is usually a late and malignant manifestation4 ,how would you differentiate the large flat-pustular syphiloderm from ecthyma8 ,the syphilitic lesions are more numerous1 are scattered1 are attended with superficial or deep ulceration1 and followed by more or less scar-formation4 ,moreover1 the history1 and presence or absence of other symptoms of syphilis have an important diagnostic value4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ef4 ,ulcerating ,tubercular ,syphiloderm4 ,describe the bullous eruption of syphilis4 ,the bullous syphiloderm1 7of acquired syphilis7 is a rare and usually late eruption1 appearing in the form of discrete1 disseminated1 rounded or ovalish1 pea- to walnut-sized1 partially or fully distended1 blebs4 ,the serous contents soon become cloudy and puriform4 ,in some cases the lesions are distinctly pustular from the beginning4 ,the crust1 which soon forms1 is of a yellowish-brown or dark green color1 and may be thick and stratified 7rupia71 as in the deep variety of the large flat-pustular syphiloderm4 ,the erosions or ulcers beneath the crusts secrete a greenish-yellow fluid4 ,it is a malignant type of eruption1 and is usually seen in broken-down subjects4 ,it is not an uncommon manifestation of hereditary syphilis 7q4 v47 in the newborn4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #eg4 ,tubercular ,syphiloderm4 ,how is the bullous syphiloderm to be differentiated from other pemphigoid eruptions8 ,by the gravity of the disease1 the accompanying ulceration1 the course and history2 and by other evidences1 past or present1 of syphilis4 ,describe the tubercular eruption of syphilis4 ,the tubercular syphiloderm 7syphiloderma tuberculosum7 may exceptionally occur within the first year as a more or less generalized eruption4 ,as a rule1 however1 it is a late manifestation1 at times appearing many years after the initial lesion2 is limited in extent1 and shows a decided tendency to occur in groups1 often forming segments of circles and circular areas1 clearing in the centre and spreading peripherally4 ,it consists 7as a late1 limited manifestation7 of several or more firm1 circumscribed1 deeply-seated1 smooth1 glistening or slightly scaly elevations2 rounded or acuminated in shape1 of a yellowish-red1 brownish-red or coppery color and usually of the size of small or large peas4 ,several groups may coalesce1 and a serpiginous tract result 7serpiginous tubercular syphiloderm74 ,the lesions develop slowly1 and are sluggish in their course1 remaining1 at times1 for weeks or months1 with but little change4 ,as a rule1 however1 they terminate sooner or later1 either by absorption1 leaving a more or less permanent pigment stain with or without slight atrophy 7non-ulcerating tubercular syphiloderm71 or by ulceration 7ulcerating tubercular syphiloderm74 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #eh4 ,ulcerating ,tubercular ,syphiloderm4 ,describe the ulcerating tubercular syphiloderm4 ,the ulceration may be superficial or deep in character1 and involve several or all of the lesions forming the group4 ,the patch may consist1 therefore1 of small1 discrete1 punched-out ulcers1 or of one or more continuous ulcers1 segmented1 crescentic or serpiginous in shape4 ,they are covered with a gummy1 grayish-yellow deposit or they may be crusted4 ,as the ulcerative changes take place1 new lesions1 especially about the periphery of the group or patch1 may appear from time to time4 ,illustration3 ,tubercular ,syphiloderm4 ,illustration3 ,large-pustular ,syphiloderm4 ,in some instances1 more especially about the scalp1 the surface of the ulcerations becomes papillary or wart-like1 with an offensive1 yellowish1 puriform secretion 7syphilis cutanea papillomatosa74 ,from what diseases is the tubercular syphiloderm to be differentiated8 ,from tubercular leprosy1 epithelioma and lupus vulgaris1 especially the last-named4 ,what are the chief diagnostic characters of the tubercular syphiloderm8 ,the tendency to form segments1 crescents and circles1 the color1 the pigmentation and ulceration1 the history1 and not infrequently marks or scars of former eruptions4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ei4 ,tubercular ,syphiloderm4 ,describe the gummatous eruption of syphilis4 ,the gummatous syphiloderm 7syphiloderma gummatosum1 gumma1 syphiloma7 is usually a late manifestation1 showing itself as one1 several or more painless or slightly painful1 rounded or flat1 more or less circumscribed tumors2 they are slightly raised1 moderately firm1 and have their seat in the subcutaneous tissue4 ,they tend to break down and ulcerate4 ,the lesion begins usually as a pea-sized deposit or infiltration1 and grows slowly or rapidly2 when fully developed it may be the size of a walnut1 or even larger4 ,the overlying skin becomes gradually reddish4 ,at first firm1 it is later soft and doughy4 ,it may1 even when well advanced1 disappear by absorption1 but usually tends to break down1 terminating in a small or large1 deep1 punched-out ulcer4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fj4 ,tubercular ,syphiloderm4 ,does the gummatous syphiloderm invariably appear as a rounded well-defined tumor8 ,no4 ,exceptionally1 instead of a well-defined tumor1 it may appear as a more or less diffused patch of infiltration1 leading eventually to extensive superficial or deep ulceration4 ,from what formations is the gummatous syphiloderm to be differentiated8 ,from furuncle1 abscess1 and sebaceous1 fatty and fibroid tumors4 ,attention to the origin1 course1 and behavior of the lesion1 together with a history1 must all be considered in doubtful cases4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fa4 ,large ,pustular ,syphiloderm4 ,what is to be said in regard to the character and time of appearance of the cutaneous manifestations of hereditary syphilis8 ,in a great measure the cutaneous manifestations of hereditary syphilis are essentially the same as observed in acquired syphilis4 ,they are usually noted to occur within the first three months of extra-uterine life4 ,the macular1 papular1 and bullous eruptions are most common4 ,describe these several cutaneous manifestations of hereditary syphilis4 ,the macular 7erythematous7 eruption begins as large or small1 bright- or dark-red macules1 later presenting a ham or cafe-au-lait appearance4 ,at first they disappear upon pressure4 ,the lesions are more or less numerous1 usually become confluent1 especially about the folds of the neck1 about the genitalia and buttocks2 in these regions resembling somewhat erythema intertrigo4 ,the papular eruption is observed in conjunction with the erythematous manifestation1 or it occurs alone4 ,the lesions are but slightly elevated1 and seem to partake of the nature of both macules and papules4 ,they are usually discrete1 and rarely abundant2 they may become decked with a film-like scale1 and at the various points of junction of skin and mucous membrane1 and in the folds1 they become abraded and macerated1 developing into moist papules4 ,the bullous eruption consists of variously-sized1 more or less purulent blebs1 and is usually met with at or immediately following birth4 ,it is most abundant about the hands and feet4 ,macules and papules are often interspersed4 ,there may be superficial or deep ulceration underlying the bullae4 ,what other symptoms in addition to the cutaneous manifestations are noted in hereditary syphilis in the newborn8 ,mucous patches1 and sometimes ulcers1 in the mouth and throat2 hoarseness1 as shown by the peculiar cry1 and indicating involvement of the larynx2 snuffles1 a sallow and dirty appearance of the skin1 loss of flesh and often a shriveled or senile look4 ,what is the pathology of cutaneous syphilis8 ,the syphilitic deposit consists of round-cell infiltration4 ,the mucous layer1 the corium1 and in the deep lesions the subcutaneous connective tissues also1 are involved in the process4 ,the infiltration disappears by absorption or ulceration4 ,the factor now believed to be responsible for the disease and the pathological changes is the ,spirochaeta pallida1 discovered by ,schaudinn and ,hoffmann1 and usually found in numbers in the tissues4 ,give the prognosis of cutaneous syphilis4 ,in acquired syphilis1 favorable2 sooner or later1 unless the whole system is so profoundly affected by the syphilitic poison that a fatal ending ensues1 the cutaneous manifestations disappear1 either spontaneously or as the result of treatment4 ,the earlier eruptions will often pass away without medication1 but treatment is of material aid in moderating their severity and hastening their disappearance1 and is to be looked upon as essential2 in the late syphilodermata treatment is indispensable4 ,in the large pustular1 the tubercular and gummatous lesions1 considerable destruction of tissue may take place1 and in consequence scarring result4 ,ill-health from any cause predisposes to a relapse1 and also adds to the gravity of the case4 ,in hereditary infantile syphilis1 the prognosis is always uncertain3 the more distant from the time of birth the manifestations appear the more favorable usually is the outcome4 ,how is cutaneous syphilis to be treated8 ,always with constitutional remedies2 and in the graver eruptions1 and especially in those more or less limited1 with local applications also4 ,what constitutional and local remedies are commonly employed in cutaneous syphilis8 ,constitutional ,remedies4--,mercury and potassium iodide2 tonics and nutrients are necessary in some cases4 ,local ,remedies4--,mercurial ointments1 lotions and baths1 and iodol in ointment or in 7and also calomel7 powder form4 ,give the constitutional treatment of the earlier1 or secondary1 eruptions of syphilis4 ,in secondary or early eruptions mercury alone in almost every case2 with tonics1 if called for4 ,if mercury is contraindicated 7extremely rare71 potassium iodide may be substituted4 ,how is mercury usually administered in the eruptions of secondary syphilis8 ,by the mouth1 chiefly as the protiodide1 calomel and blue mass1 in dosage just short of mild physiological action2 by inunction1 in the form of blue ointment2 by hypodermic injection1 usually as corrosive sublimate solution4 ,the method by fumigation1 with calomel or bisulphuret1 is now rarely employed4 ,the method by the mouth is the common one1 and it is only in rare instances that any other method is necessary or advisable4 ,what local applications are usually advised in the eruptions of secondary syphilis8 ,if the eruption is extensive1 and more especially in the pustular types1 baths of corrosive sublimate 7dram ii-dram-iv to ,cong4 xxx7 may be used2 and ointment of ammoniated mercury1 twenty to sixty grains to the ounce1 blue ointment1 and the ten per cent4 oleate of mercury alone or with an equal quantity of any ointment base4 ,the same applications or a dusting powder of calomel may also be used on moist papules4 ,how long is mercury to be actively continued in cases of early 7secondary7 syphilis8 ,until one or two months after all manifestations 7cutaneous or other7 have disappeared1 and then1 as a general rule1 continued1 as a small daily dose 7about one-quarter to one-third of that prescribed during the active treatment7 for a period of two or three months2 then another cycle of the active dosage for a period of four to six weeks2 then a resumption of the smaller daily dose for another two or three months2 and so on1 for a period of at least two years4 7,almost all authorities are agreed as to the importance of prolonged treatment1 but differ somewhat on the question of intermittent or uninterrupted administration47 ,give the constitutional treatment of the late1 or localized1 syphilodermata4 ,mercury always1 usually in small or moderate dosage1 as the biniodide or corrosive chloride1 and potassium iodide2 the latter in dose varying from two grains to two drachms or more1 t4d41 depending upon its action and the urgency of the case4 ,how long is constitutional treatment to be continued in cases of the late syphilodermata8 ,actively for several weeks after the disappearance of all symptoms1 and then 7especially the mercury7 continued in smaller dosage 7about one-third7 for several months longer4 ,what applications are usually advised in the late1 or localized1 syphilodermata8 ,ointment of ammoniated mercury1 twenty to sixty grains to the ounce2 oleate of mercury1 five to ten per cent4 strength2 mercurial plaster1 full strength or weakened with lard or petrolatum2 a two to twenty per cent4 ointment of iodol2 resorcin1 twenty to sixty grains to the ounce of ointment base2 and lotions of corrosive sublimate1 one-half to three grains to the ounce4 ,the following is valuable in offensive and obstinate ulcerations3-- ,rx ,hydrarg4 chlorid4 corros41 44444444444 gr4 iv-gr4 viij ,ac4 carbolici1 44444444444444444444444 gr4 x-xx ,alcoholis1 444444444444444444444444444 fdramiv ,glycerinae1 444444444444444444444444444 fdramj ,aquae1 444444444444 q4s4 ad 44444444444 ,oziv4 ,m4 ,ointments are to be rubbed in or applied as a plaster2 lotions1 employed chiefly in ulcers and ulcerations1 are to be thoroughly dabbed on1 and usually supplemented by the application of an ointment4 ,iodol may also be applied to ulcers as a dusting-powder1 usually mixed with one to several parts of zinc oxide or boric acid4 ,give the treatment of hereditary infantile syphilis4 ,it is essentially the same 7but much smaller dosage7 as employed in acquired syphilis4 ,attention to proper feeding and hygiene is of first importance4 ,mercury may be given by the mouth1 as mercury with chalk 7gr4 ss-gr4 ij1 t4d472 as calomel 7gr4 #a_/bj-;gr4 #a_/f1 t4d472 and as a solution of corrosive sublimate 7gr4 ss-,ozvj1 dramj1 t4d474 ,if mercury is not well borne by the stomach1 it may be administered by inunction2 for this purpose1 blue ointment is mixed with one or two parts of lard and spread 7about a drachm7 upon an abdominal bandage and applied1 being renewed daily4 ,treatment by means of baths 7gr4 x-xxx to the bath7 of corrosive sublimate is1 at times1 a serviceable method4 ,potassium iodide1 if exceptionally deemed preferable1 may be given in the dose of a fractional part of a grain to two or three grains three times daily4 ,what local measures are to be advised in cutaneous syphilis of the newborn8 ,if demanded1 applications similar to those employed in eruptions of acquired syphilis1 but not more than one-third to one-half the strength4 ,lepra4 7,synonyms3 ,leprosy2 ,elephantiasis ,graecorum47 ,what do you understand by leprosy8 ,lepra1 or leprosy1 is an endemic1 chronic1 malignant constitutional disease1 characterized by alterations in the cutaneous1 nerve1 and bone structures2 varying in its morbid manifestations according to whether the skin1 nerves or other tissues are predominantly involved4 ,what is the nature of the premonitory symptoms of leprosy8 ,in some instances the active manifestations appear without premonition1 but in the majority of cases symptoms1 slight or severe in character1 pointing toward profound constitutional disturbance1 such as mental depression1 malaise1 chills1 febrile attacks1 digestive derangements and bone pains1 are noticed for weeks1 months1 or several years preceding the outbreak4 ,what several varieties of leprosy are observed8 ,two definite forms are usually described--the tubercular and the anaesthetic4 ,a sharp division-line cannot1 however1 always be drawn2 not infrequently the manifestations are of a mixed type1 or one form may pass into or gradually present symptoms of the other4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fb4 ,tubercular ,leprosy4 7,after ,stoddard47 ,describe the symptoms of tubercular leprosy4 ,the formation of tubercles and tubercular masses of infiltration1 usually of a yellowish-brown color1 with subsequent ulceration1 constitute the important cutaneous symptoms4 ,along with1 or preceding these characteristic lesions1 blebs and more or less infiltrated1 hyperaesthetic or anaesthetic1 pinkish1 reddish or pale-yellowish macules make their appearance from time to time2 subsequently fading away or remaining permanently 7lepra maculosa74 ,when well advanced1 the tubercular or nodular masses give rise to great deformity2 the face1 a favorite locality1 becomes more or less leonine in appearance 7leontiasis74 ,the tubercles persist almost indefinitely without material change1 or undergo absorption or ulceration2 this last takes place most commonly about the fingers and toes4 ,the mucous membrane of the mouth1 pharynx and other parts may also become involved4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fc4 ,anaesthetic ,leprosy4 ,describe the symptoms of anaesthetic leprosy4 ,following or along with precursory symptoms denoting general systemic disturbance1 or independently of any prodromal indications1 a hyperaesthetic condition1 in localized areas or more or less general1 is observed4 ,lancinating pains along the nerves and an irregular pemphigoid eruption are also commonly noted4 ,there soon follows the special eruption1 coming out from time to time1 and consisting of several or more1 usually non-elevated1 well-defined1 pale-yellowish patches1 one or two inches in diameter4 ,as a rule1 they are at first neither hyperaesthetic nor anaesthetic1 but may be the seat of slight burning or itching4 ,they spread peripherally1 and tend to clear in the centre4 ,the patches eventually become markedly anaesthetic1 and the overlying skin1 and the skin on other parts as well1 becomes atrophic and of a brownish or yellowish color4 ,the subcutaneous tissues1 muscle1 hair and nails undergo atrophic or degenerative changes1 and these changes are especially noted about the hands and feet4 ,these parts become crooked1 the bone tissues are involved1 the phalanges dropping off or disappearing by disintegration or absorption 7lepra mutilans74 ,sooner or later various paralytic symptoms1 showing more active involvement of the nerve trunks1 present themselves4 ,state the cause of leprosy4 ,present knowledge points to a peculiar bacillus as the active factor1 while climate1 soil1 heredity1 food and habits exert a predisposing influence4 ,is leprosy contagious8 ,the consensus of opinion points to the acceptance of the possible contagiousness of leprosy2 probably by inoculation1 but only under certain unknown favoring conditions4 ,what are the pathological changes8 ,the lesions consist essentially of a new growth1 made up of numerous small1 more or less aggregated round cells1 beginning in the walls of the bloodvessels4 ,in this way the tubercular masses and various other lesions are formed4 ,as yet1 positive involvement ot the central nervous system has not been shown1 but some of the nerve trunks are found to be inflamed and swollen1 with a tendency toward hardening4 ,what several diseases are to be eliminated in the diagnosis of leprosy8 ,syphilis1 morphoea1 vitiligo1 lupus1 and syringomyelia4 ,when well advanced1 the aggregate symptoms of leprosy form a picture which can scarcely be confused with that of any other disease4 ,in doubtful cases microscopical examinations of the involved tissues1 for the bacilli1 should be made4 ,state the prognosis of leprosy4 ,unfavorable2 a fatal termination is the rule1 but may not be reached for a number of years4 ,the tubercular form is the most grave1 the mixed variety next1 and the anaesthetic the least4 ,patients are not infrequently carried off by intercurrent disease4 ,proper management will often delay the fatal ending1 and exceptionally1 in the anaesthetic variety1 stay the progress of the disease4 ,what is the treatment of leprosy8 ,hygienic measures are important4 ,chaulmoogra oil and gurjun oil internally and externally are in some instances of service4 ,strychnia alone1 or with either of these oils1 is ofttimes beneficial4 ,ichthyol internally1 and external applications of the same drug1 and of resorcin1 chrysarobin1 and pyrogallic acid1 have been extolled4 ,change of climate1 especially to a region where the disease does not prevail1 is often of great advantage4 ,pellagra4 7,synonym3 ,lombardian ,leprosy47 ,describe pellagra4 ,pellagra is a slow but usually progressive disease occurring chiefly in ,italy1 due1 it is thought1 to the continued ingestion of decomposed or fermented maize4 ,it is characterized by cutaneous symptoms1 at first upon exposed parts1 of an erythematous1 desquamative1 vesicular and bullous character1 and by general constitutional disturbance of a markedly neurotic type4 ,a fatal ending1 if the disease is at all severe or advanced1 is to be expected4 ,treatment is based upon general principles4 ,epithelioma4 7,synonyms3 ,skin ,cancer2 ,epithelial ,cancer2 ,carcinoma ,epitheliale47 ,what several varieties of epithelioma are met with8 ,three--the superficial1 the deep-seated1 and the papillomatous4 ,describe the clinical appearances and course of the superficial variety of epithelioma4 ,the superficial1 or flat variety 7rodent ulcer71 begins1 usually on the face1 as a minute1 firm1 reddish or yellowish tubercle1 as an aggregation of such1 as a warty excrescence1 or as a localized degenerative seborrhoeic patch4 ,the latter lesion 7known also as keratosis senilis1 old-age atrophic patches71 consisting of a yellowish or yellowish-brown greasy or hardened scurfy spot or patch is quite frequently the starting-point of epithelial growths4 ,sooner or later1 commonly after months or several years1 the surface becomes slightly excoriated1 and an insignificant1 yellowish or brownish crust is formed4 ,the excoriation gradually develops into superficial ulceration1 and the diseased area becomes slowly larger and larger4 ,new lesions may continue1 from time to time1 to appear about the edges and go through the same changes4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fd4 ,epithelioma4 7,after ,d4 ,lewis47 ,the ulcer has usually an uneven surface1 secretes a thin1 scanty1 viscid fluid1 which dries to a firm1 adherent crust4 ,it is usually defined against the healthy skin by a slightly elevated1 hard1 roll-like1 waxy-looking border4 ,in rare instances there is a disposition1 at points1 to spontaneous involution and scar formation2 as a rule1 however1 the ulcerative action slowly progresses4 ,the general health is unimpaired1 the neighboring lymphatic glands are not involved1 and the local condition1 beyond the disfigurement1 gives rise to little trouble1 unless1 as occasionally happens1 it passes into the more malignant1 deep-seated variety4 ,describe the clinical appearances and course of the deep-seated variety of epithelioma4 ,the deep-seated variety starts from the superficial form1 or it begins as a tubercle or nodule in the skin4 ,when typically developed1 a reddish1 shining tubercle or nodule1 or area of infiltration1 forms in the skin or subcutaneous tissue4 ,in the course of weeks or months superficial or deep-seated ulceration takes place2 the ulcer having hardened1 and1 as a rule1 everted edges4 ,the surface is reddish and granular1 and secretes an ichorous discharge4 ,the infiltration spreads1 the ulcer enlarges both peripherally and in depth--muscle1 cartilage and bone often becoming invaded4 ,the neighboring lymphatic gland may become implicated1 pains of a burning or neuralgic type are experienced1 and from septicaemia1 marasmus1 or involvement of vital parts1 death eventually ensues4 ,describe the clinical appearances and course of the papillomatous variety of epithelioma4 ,the papillomatous type usually arises from the superficial or deep-seated variety1 or it may begin as a papillary or warty growth4 ,when fully developed1 it presents an ulcerated1 fissured and papillomatous surface1 with an ichorous discharge which dries to crusts4 ,it is slowly progressive1 and sooner or later may develop a malignant tendency4 ,upon what parts is epithelioma commonly observed8 ,about the face1 especially the nose1 eyelids and lips2 and also about the genitalia4 ,it may involve any part4 ,at what age is epithelioma usually noted8 ,it is essentially a disease of middle and late life1 although it is exceptionally met with in the young4 ,what is the cause of epithelioma8 ,the etiology is obscure4 ,it is not1 as a rule1 inherited4 ,any locally irritated tissue may be the starting point of the disease4 ,state the pathology4 ,the process consists in the proliferation of epithelial cells from the mucous layer2 the cell-growth takes place downward1 in the form of finger-like prolongations or columns1 or it may spread out laterally1 so as to form rounded masses1 the centres of which usually undergo horny transformation1 resulting in the formation of onion-like bodies1 the so-called cell-nests or globes4 ,the rapid cell-growth requires increased nutriment1 and hence the bloodvessels become enlarged2 moreover1 the pressure of the cell-masses gives rise to irritation and inflammation1 with corresponding serous and round-cell infiltration4 ,how would you distinguish epithelioma from syphilitic ulceration1 wart1 and lupus vulgaris8 ,from syphilis it is to be differentiated by the history1 duration1 character of the base and edges1 its comparative slow progress1 its usually slight1 viscid discharge1 often streaked with blood1 and1 if necessary1 by the therapeutic test4 ,wart or warty growths are to be differentiated by attention to their history and course4 ,long-continued observation may be necessary before a positive opinion is warrantable4 ,the appearance of any tendency to crusting1 to break down or ulcerate is significant of epitheliomatous degeneration4 ,in lupus vulgaris the deposits are peculiar and multiple1 the ulcerations are of different character1 the tendency to scar-formation constant2 and1 with few exceptions1 it has1 moreover1 its beginning in childhood or early adult life4 ,what factors are to be considered in giving a prognosis in epithelioma8 ,the variety1 extent1 and rapidity of the process4 ,the superficial form may exist for years1 and give rise to no alarm2 whereas the deeper-seated varieties are always to be viewed as serious1 and are1 indeed1 often fatal4 ,involving the genitalia1 its course is often strikingly rapid4 ,relapses1 after removal1 are not uncommon4 ,what is the special object in view in the treatment of epithelioma8 ,thorough destruction or removal of the epitheliomatous tissue4 ,how is the destruction or removal of the epitheliomatous tissue effected8 ,by the use of such caustics as caustic potash1 chloride-of-zinc paste1 pyrogallic acid1 arsenic1 and the galvano-cautery2 and by operative measures1 such as excision and erasion with the dermal curette1 and by the x-ray4 7,see treatment of lupus vulgaris47 ,in small lesions the use of an arsenical paste is a most admirable method of treatment1 although somewhat painful4 ,the paste is made of one part powdered acacia and one to two parts arsenious acid2 at the time of application sufficient water is added to make a paste4 ,this is applied thickly1 and a piece of lint superimposed4 ,a good deal of pain and inflammatory swelling ensue2 at the end of twenty-four hours the part is poulticed till the slough comes away2 the ulcer is then treated as a simple ulcer1 under which healing takes place4 ,occasionally a second application is found necessary4 ,upon the whole1 the best method in the average case is to curette thoroughly1 and supplement with momentary cauterization1 with caustic potash1 or with several days' use of the pyrogallic acid ointment4 ,during the healing process1 short exposures to the ,roentgen ray--about every three to five days--is good practice4 ,the degenerative changes in the beginning of scurfy1 seborrhoeic spots or patches seen in old people can frequently be lessened or wholly stopped by the daily application of an ointment containing #e to #aj per cent4 of sulphur and #b to #e per cent4 of salicylic acid4 ,what can be said of the value of the x-ray in epithelioma8 ,the x-ray method is now much in vogue1 and proves curative in many superficial cases1 and of benefit in some of the deeper-seated varieties4 ,in most cases it must be pushed to the point of producing a mild x-ray erythema2 and in some instances benefit or cure only occurs after more active exposure1 sufficient to cause an x-ray burn of the second degree4 ,the method is not attended with much risk if properly used4 ,the healthy parts should be protected by lead-foil4 ,exposure should be two to five times weekly1 at a distance of three to eight inches1 and from five to twenty minutes1 employing a tube of medium vacuum4 ,unfortunately the method is usually slow4 ,the radium treatment is essentially similar to that by the x-ray4 ,the much better plan1 as already intimated1 is to employ one of the several operative or caustic methods1 and supplementing1 while healing1 with the x-ray4 ,paget's ,disease of the ,nipple4 7,synonyms3 ,malignant ,papillary ,dermatitis2 ,paget's ,disease47 ,what do you understand by ,paget's disease of the nipple8 ,paget's disease is a rare1 inflammatory-looking1 malignant disease of the nipple and areola in women1 usually of advancing years1 eventually terminating in cancerous involvement of the entire gland4 ,describe the symptoms of ,paget's disease4 ,the first symptoms1 which usually last for months or years1 are apparently eczematous1 accompanied with more or less burning1 itching and tingling4 ,gradually1 the diseased area1 which is sharply-defined1 and feels like a thin layer of indurated tissue1 presents a florid1 intensely red1 very finely-granular1 raw surface1 attended with a more or less copious viscid exudation4 ,sooner or later retraction and destruction of the nipple1 followed by gradual scirrhous involvement of the whole breast1 takes place4 ,what is the pathology of ,paget's disease8 ,although it was thought at one time to be a cancerous disease resulting from a continued eczematous inflammation of the parts1 there is now but little doubt that it is of malignant nature from the earliest stages4 ,the psorosperm-like bodies found1 to the presence of which the disease has by some authorities been attributed 7psorospermosis71 are now known to be merely changed and degenerated epithelia4 ,the morbid changes consist of an inflammation of the papillary region of the derma1 leading to oedema and vacuolation of the constituent cells of the epidermis1 followed by their complete destruction in places and their abnormal proliferation in others 7,fordyce74 ,state the diagnostic features of ,paget's disease4 ,the age of the patient2 the sharp limitation2 the well-defined1 indurated film of infiltration2 the peculiar1 red1 raw1 granulating appearance2 and1 later1 the retraction of the nipple2 and1 finally1 the involvement of the deeper parts4 ,what is the prognosis8 ,if the disease is recognized early1 and properly treated1 a cure may be anticipated2 later the outlook is that of scirrhus of the breast4 ,what is the treatment of ,paget's disease8 ,thorough cauterization by means of caustic potash or the galvano-cautery2 or1 its extirpation by means of the curette or excision4 ,after extirpation or cauterization1 supplementary treatment by the x-ray is advisable as an additional measure of precaution against relapse4 ,until the diagnosis is thoroughly established1 soothing applications1 such as are employed in acute eczema1 are to be advised4 ,sarcoma4 7,synonyms3 ,sarcoma ,cutis2 ,sarcoma of the ,skin47 ,describe the several varieties of sarcoma4 ,sarcoma of the skin is a more or less malignant new growth1 of rapid or slow progress1 characterized by the appearance of single or multiple1 variously-shaped1 discrete1 non-pigmented or pigmented tubercles or tumors1 of size varying from that of a shot to a hazelnut or larger4 ,as a rule the growths are smooth1 firm and elastic1 somewhat painful upon pressure1 and exhibit a tendency to ulcerate4 ,the overlying skin is at first normal and somewhat movable1 but as the growths approach the surface it becomes reddened and adherent2 or1 if the disease is of the pigmented variety1 it acquires a bluish-black color4 ,it is now generally believed that the most of the pigmented cases formerly thought to be of sarcomatous nature are really carcinomatous in character4 ,the multiple pigmented sarcoma 7melano-sarcoma7 appears first1 usually on the soles and dorsal surfaces of the feet1 and later on the hands4 ,there is more or less diffuse thickening of the integument4 ,the lesions themselves manifest a disposition to bleed4 ,state the prognosis and treatment of sarcoma4 ,the disease is always more or less malignant and1 as a rule1 sooner or later a fatal termination takes place4 ,it is usually slow in its course4 ,excision or extirpation1 x-ray exposures1 and the administration of arsenic in increasing dosage 7preferably by hypodermic injection7 now are generally considered the most promising in this usually hopeless malady4 ,granuloma ,fungoides4 ,describe granuloma fungoides4 ,a rare form of disease1 heretofore looked upon as sarcomatous1 but now generally recognized as granuloma1 and formerly described under the names mycosis fungoides1 inflammatory fungoid neoplasm1 and several others4 ,it is characterized usually by symptoms of an eczematous1 urticarial1 and erysipelatous nature1 and by the sudden or gradual appearance of pinkish or reddish1 tubercular1 nodular1 lobulated1 or furrowed tumors or flat infiltrations1 which may disappear by involution or may be followed by ulceration2 several or a larger number of the growths present a mushroom1 papillomatous1 or fungoid appearance1 sometimes roughly resembling the cut part of a tomato4 ,in most cases the tumor stage of the malady is not reached for two or more years2 in exceptional instances1 however1 they appear in the first few months4 ,the lesions1 especially in their early stages1 are1 as a rule1 accompanied with more or less burning and itching4 ,state the prognosis and treatment of granuloma fungoides4 ,the malady may last for several years or much longer1 a fatal termination1 with rare exceptions1 sooner or later taking place4 ,after the tumor stage is well established1 the patient usually succumbs in from several months to one or two years4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fe4 ,granuloma ,fungoides4 ,treatment consists of tonics1 if indicated1 and the administration of arsenic1 preferably hypodermically1 and ,roentgen-ray exposures1 along with the application of mild antiseptics1 and operative interference when necessary or advisable4 ,,class ,,vii4--,,neuroses4 ,hyperaesthesia4 ,what is hyperaesthesia8 ,by hyperaesthesia is meant increased cutaneous sensibility4 ,it is usually more or less localized1 and is met with as a symptom in functional and organic nervous diseases4 ,dermatalgia4 7,synonyms3 ,neuralgia of the ,skin2 ,rheumatism of the ,skin2 ,dermalgia47 ,what do you understand by dermatalgia8 ,by dermatalgia is meant a tender or painful condition of the skin unattended by structural change4 ,it is commonly limited to a small area1 and is usually symptomatic of functional or organic nervous disease4 ,as an idiopathic affection it is looked upon as of a rheumatic origin4 ,treatment depends upon the cause4 ,anaesthesia4 ,what is anaesthesia8 ,anaesthesia is a diminution1 comparative or complete1 of cutaneous sensibility4 ,it is usually localized1 and is met with in the course of certain nervous affections4 ,it is also encountered in leprosy1 morphoea and like diseases4 ,pruritus4 ,what do you understand by pruritus8 ,pruritus is a functional disease of the skin1 the sole symptom of which is itching1 there being no structural change4 ,describe the symptoms of pruritus4 ,the sole and essential symptom is itchiness1 usually more or less paroxysmal1 and worse at night4 ,there are no primary structural lesions1 but in severe and persistent cases the parts become so irritated by continued scratching that secondary lesions1 such as papules and slight thickening and infiltration1 may result4 ,it is much more common in advanced life--pruritus senilis4 ,in such cases1 as well as in those cases in younger and middle-aged individuals in which the itchiness develops at the approach of cold weather and disappears upon the coming of the warm season 7pruritus hiemalis71 the pruritus is usually more or less generalized1 although not infrequently in the latter the legs are specially involved4 ,in some individuals an attack of pruritus1 of variable intensity1 lasting from five to thirty minutes1 comes on immediately after a bath 7bath-pruritus74 ,it is usually confined to the legs from the hips down4 ,is pruritus always more or less generalized8 ,no2 not infrequently the itching is limited to the genital region 7pruritus scroti1 pruritus vulvae7 or to the anus 7pruritus ani74 ,to what may pruritus often be ascribed8 ,to digestive and intestinal derangements1 hepatic disorders1 the uric acid diathesis1 gestation1 diabetes mellitus1 and a depraved state of the nervous system4 ,pruritus vulvae is at times due to irritating discharges1 and pruritus ani occasionally to hemorrhoids and seat-worms4 ,is there any difficulty in the diagnosis of pruritus8 ,no4 ,the subjective symptom of itching without the presence of structural lesions is diagnostic4 ,in those severe and persistent cases in which excoriations and papules have resulted from the scratching1 the history of the case1 together with its course1 must be considered4 ,care should be taken not to confound it with pediculosis4 ,in this latter the excoriations usually have a somewhat peculiar distribution1 being most abundant on those parts of the body with which the clothing lies closely in contact4 7,see ,pediculosis corporis47 ,in pruritus of the genitocrural region the possibility of pediculi being the cause must be kept in mind2 an examination of the parts for the parasite or for ova 7attached to the hairs7 would prevent error4 7,see ,pediculosis pubis47 ,what prognosis would you give in pruritus8 ,in the majority of cases the condition responds to proper treatment1 but in others it proves rebellious4 ,the prognosis depends1 in fact1 upon the removability of the cause4 ,temporary relief may always be given by external applications4 ,how would you treat pruritus8 ,with systemic remedies directed toward a removal or modification of the etiological factors1 and1 for the temporary relief of the itching1 suitable antipruritic applications4 ,in obscure cases1 quinia1 salophen1 lithia salts1 calcium chloride1 belladonna1 nux vomica1 arsenic1 pilocarpine1 and general galvanization may be variously tried4 ,alkalies prove useful in many cases4 ,exceptionally1 the relief furnished by external treatment is more or less permanent4 ,name the important antipruritic applications4 ,alkaline baths2 lotions of carbolic acid 7dramj-dramiij to ,oj71 of resorcin 7dramj-dramiv to ,oj71 of liquor carbonis detergens 7,ozj-,oziv to ,oj71 and liquor picis alkalinus 7dramj-dramiv to ,oj71 used cautiously4 ,one or several ounces of alcohol and one or two drachms of glycerin in each pint of these lotions will often be of advantage1 as the following3-- ,rx ,ac4 carbolici1 44444444444444444444444 dramj-dramiij ,gylcerinae1 444444444444444444444444444 fdramij ,alcoholis1 444444444444444444444444444 fozij ,aquae1 444444444 q4s4 ad 44444444444444 ,oj4 ,m4 ,various dusting-powders1 alone or in conjunction with the lotions4 ,and in some cases1 especially those in which the skin is unnaturally dry1 ointments may be used1 such as equal parts of lard1 lanolin1 and petrolatum1 to the ounce of which may be added from five to thirty grains of carbolic acid1 three to twenty grains of thymol1 ten to thirty minims of chloroform1 or two to ten grains of menthol4 ,what external applications are to be used in the local varieties of pruritus8 ,in pruritus ani and pruritus vulvae1 in addition to the various applications above1 a cocaine ointment1 one to ten grains to the ounce1 a strong solution of the same 7gr4 v-xx to ,ozj71 and an ointment containing ten to thirty minims of the oil of peppermint to the ounce2 sponging with hot water1 often affords temporary relief4 ,in pruritus vulvae1 moreover1 astringent applications and injections of zinc sulphate1 alum1 tannic or acetic acid1 in the strength commonly employed for vaginal injections1 are at times curative4 ,in bath-pruritus weak glycerine lotions1 and an ointment containing a few grains of thymol and menthol to the ounce sometimes give moderate relief4 ,turkish baths are sometimes free from subsequent pruritus4 ,,class ,,viii4--,,parasitic ,,affections4 ,tinea ,favosa4 7,synonym3 ,favus47 ,what is tinea favosa8 ,tinea favosa1 or favus1 is a contagious vegetable-parasitic disease of the skin1 characterized by pin-head to pea-sized1 friable1 umbilicated1 cup-shaped yellow crusts1 each usually perforated by a hair4 ,upon what parts and at what age is favus observed8 ,it is usually met with upon the scalp1 but it may occur upon any part of the integument4 ,occasionally the nails are invaded4 ,it is seen at all ages1 but is much more common in children4 ,describe the symptoms of favus of the scalp4 ,the disease begins as a superficial inflammation or hyperaemic spot1 more or less circumscribed1 slightly scaly1 and which is soon followed by the formation of yellowish points about the hair follicles1 surrounding the hair shaft4 ,these yellowish points or crusts increase in size1 become usually as large as small peas1 are cup-shaped1 with the convex side pressing down upon the papillary layer1 and the concave side raised several lines above the level of the skin2 they are umbilicated1 friable1 sulphur-colored1 and usually each cup or disc is perforated by a hair4 ,upon removal or detachment1 the underlying surface is found to be somewhat excavated1 reddened1 atrophied and sometimes suppurating4 ,as the disease progresses the crusting becomes more or less confluent1 forming irregular masses of thick1 yellowish1 mortar-like crusts or accumulations1 having a peculiar1 characteristic odor--that of mice1 or stale1 damp straw4 ,the hairs are involved early in the disease1 become brittle1 lustreless1 break off and fall out4 ,in some instances1 especially near the border of the crusts1 are seen pustules or suppurating points4 ,atrophy and more or less actual scarring are sooner or later noted4 ,itching1 variable as to degree1 is usually present4 ,what is the course of favus of the scalp8 ,persistent and slowly progressive4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ff4 ,achorion ,schoenleinii ,x #dej4 7,after ,duhring47 ,showing simple mycelium1 in various stages of development1 and free spores4 ,what are the symptoms of favus when seated upon the general surface8 ,the symptoms are essentially similar to those upon the scalp1 modified somewhat by the anatomical differences of the parts4 ,the nails1 when affected1 become yellowish1 more or less thickened1 brittle and opaque 7tinea favosa unguium1 onychomycosis favosa74 ,to what is favus due8 ,solely to the invasion of the cutaneous structures1 especially the epidermal portion1 by the vegetable parasite1 the achorion ,schoenleinii4 ,it is contagious4 ,it is a somewhat rare disease in the native-born1 being chiefly observed among the foreign poor4 ,the nails are rarely affected primarily4 ,it is also met with in the lower animals1 from which it is doubtless not infrequently communicated to man4 ,what are the diagnostic features of favus8 ,the yellow1 and often cup-shaped1 crusts1 brittleness and loss of hair1 atrophy1 and the history4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fg4 ,epilating ,forceps4 ,how would you distinguish favus from eczema and ringworm8 ,from eczema by the condition of the affected hair1 the atrophic and scar-like areas1 the odor1 and the history4 ,from ringworm by the crusting and the atrophy4 ,in this latter disease there is usually but slight scaliness1 and rarely any scarring4 ,finally1 if necessary1 a microscopic examination of the crusts may be made4 ,state the method of examination for fungus4 ,a portion of the crust is moistened with liquor potassae and examined with a power of three to five hundred diameters4 ,the fungus1 7achorion ,schoenleinii71 consisting of mycelium and spores1 is luxuriant and is readily detected4 ,state the prognosis of favus4 ,upon the scalp1 favus is extremely chronic and rebellious to treatment1 and a cure in six to twelve months may be considered satisfactory2 in neglected cases permanent baldness1 atrophy1 and scarring sooner or later result4 ,although favus of the scalp persists into adult life1 it becomes less active and1 finally1 as a rule1 gradually disappears1 leaving behind scarred or atrophic bald areas4 ,upon the general surface it usually responds readily to treatment1 excepting favus of the nails1 which is always obstinate4 ,how is favus of the scalp treated8 ,treatment is entirely local and consists in keeping the parts free from crusts1 in epilation and applications of a parasiticide4 ,the crusts are removed by oily applications and soap-and-water washings4 ,the hair on and around the diseased parts is to be kept closely cut1 and1 when practicable1 depilation1 or extraction of the affected hairs1 is advised2 this latter is1 in most cases1 essential to a cure4 ,remedial applications--the so-called parasiticides--are1 as a rule1 to be made twice daily4 ,if an ointment is used1 it is to be thoroughly rubbed in2 if a lotion1 it is to be dabbed on for several minutes and allowed to soak in4 ,name the most important parasiticides4 ,corrosive sublimate1 one to four grains to an ounce of alcohol and water2 carbolic acid1 one part to three or more parts of glycerine2 a ten per cent4 oleate of mercury2 ointments of ammoniated mercury1 sulphur and tar2 and sulphurous acid1 pure or diluted4 ,the following is valuable3-- ,rx ,sulphur1 praecip41 44444444444444444444 dramij ,saponis viridis1 ,ol4 cadini1 4444444 aa 444444444 dramj ,adipis1 444444444444444444444444444444 ,ozss4 ,m4 ,chrysarobin is a valuable remedy1 but must be used with caution2 it may be employed as an ointment1 five to ten per cent4 strength1 as a rubber plaster1 or as a paint1 a drachm to an ounce of gutta-percha solution4 ,formalin1 weakened or full strength1 has been extolled4 ,some observers have experimentally tried the effect of x-ray exposure with alleged good results1 pushing the treatment to the point of producing depilation2 if used great caution should be exercised4 ,how is favus upon the general surface to be treated8 ,in the same general manner as favus of the scalp1 but the remedies employed should be somewhat weaker4 ,in favus of the nail frequent and close paring of the affected part and the application1 twice daily1 of one of the milder parasiticides1 will eventually lead to a good result4 ,is constitutional treatment of any value in favus8 ,it is questionable1 but in debilitated subjects tonics1 especially cod-liver oil1 may be prescribed with the hope of aiding the external applications4 ,tinea ,trichophytina4 7,synonym3 ,ringworm47 ,what is tinea trichophytina8 ,tinea trichophytina1 or ringworm1 is a contagious1 vegetable-parasitic disease due to the invasion of the cutaneous structures by the vegetable parasite1 the trichophyton1 or the microsporon ,audouinii4 ,do the clinical characters of ringworm vary according to the part affected8 ,yes1 often considerably2 thus upon the scalp1 upon the general surface1 and upon the bearded region1 the disease usually presents totally different appearances4 ,describe the symptoms of ringworm as it occurs upon non-hairy portions of the body4 ,ringworm of the general surface 7tinea trichophytina corporis1 tinea circinata7 appears as one or more small1 slightly-elevated1 sharply-limited1 somewhat scaly1 hyperaemic spots1 with1 rarely1 minute papules1 vesico-papules1 or vesicles1 especially at the circumference4 ,the patch spreads in a uniform manner peripherally1 is slightly scaly1 and tends to clear in the centre1 assuming a ring-like appearance4 ,when coming under observation1 the patches are usually from one-half to one inch in diameter1 the central portion pale or pale red1 and the outer portion more or less elevated1 hyperaemic and somewhat scaly4 ,as commonly noted one1 several or more patches are present4 ,after reaching a certain size they may remain stationary1 or in exceptional cases may tend to spontaneous disappearance4 ,at times when close together1 several may merge and form a large1 irregular1 gyrate patch4 ,itching1 usually slight1 may or may not be present4 ,exceptionally ringworm appears as a markedly inflammatory pustular circumscribed patch1 formerly thought to be a distinct affection and described under the name of conglomerate pustular folliculitis4 ,it consists of a flat carbuncular or kerion-like inflammation1 somewhat elevated1 and usually a dime to silver dollar in area4 ,the most common seats are the back of the hands and the buttocks4 ,the surface is cribriform1 and a purulent secretion may be pressed out from follicular openings4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fh4 ,tinea trichophytina cruris--so-called eczema marginatum--of unusually extensive development4 7,after ,piffard47 ,describe the symptoms of ringworm when occurring about the thighs and scrotum4 ,in adults1 more especially males1 the inner portion of the upper part of the thighs and scrotum 7tinea trichophytina cruris1 so-called eczema marginatum7 may be attacked1 and here the affection1 favored by heat and moisture1 develops rapidly and may soon lose its ordinary clinical appearances1 the inflammatory symptoms becoming especially prominent4 ,the whole of this region may become involved1 presenting all the symptoms of a true eczema2 the border1 however1 is sharply defined1 and usually one or more outlying patches of the ordinary clinical type of the disease may be seen4 ,describe the symptoms of ringworm when involving the nails4 ,in ringworm of the nails 7tinea trichophytina unguium7 these structures become soft or brittle1 yellowish1 opaque and thickened the changes taking place mainly about the free borders4 ,ringworm on other parts usually coexists4 ,describe the symptoms of ringworm as it occurs upon the scalp4 ,ringworm of the scalp 7tinea trichophytina capitis1 tinea tonsurans7 begins usually in the same manner as that upon the general surface1 but1 as a rule1 much more insidiously4 ,sooner or later1 however1 the hair and follicles are invaded by the fungus1 and in consequence the hair falls out or becomes brittle and breaks off4 ,the follicles1 except in long-standing cases1 are slightly elevated and prominent1 and the patch may have a puffed or goose-flesh appearance4 ,in addition1 there is slight scaliness4 ,describe the appearances of a typical patch of ringworm of the scalp4 ,the patch is rounded1 grayish1 somewhat scaly1 and slightly elevated2 the follicles are somewhat prominent2 there is more or less alopecia1 with here and there broken1 gnawed-off-looking hairs1 some of which may be broken off just at the outlet of the follicles and more or less surrounded by a whitish or grayish-white dust4 ,this type is produced by the small-spore fungus--microsporon4 ,does ringworm of the scalp always present typical appearances8 ,not invariably4 ,in some cases the patch or patches may become almost completely bald1 and in others a tendency to the formation of pustules1 with more or less crust-formation1 may be seen4 ,the affection may also appear as small scattered spots or points4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #fi4 ,ringworm 7rather inflammatory type1 and produced by the trichophyton74 ,the markedly inflammatory and pustular types are produced by the large-spore fungus--trichophyton4 ,what is tinea kerion8 ,tinea kerion 7kerion7 is a markedly inflammatory type of ringworm of the scalp involving the deeper tissues1 appearing as a more or less bald1 rounded1 inflammatory1 oedematous1 boggy1 honeycombed tumor1 discharging from the follicular openings a mucoid secretion4 ,does ringworm of the scalp ever occur in adults8 ,no4 7,extremely rare exceptions47 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gj4 ,ringworm ,fungus 7,trichophyton7 x #dej4 7,after ,duhring47 ,as found in epidermic scrapings of ringworm1 showing mycelium and spores4 ,describe the symptoms of ringworm of the bearded region4 ,ringworm of the bearded region 7tinea trichophytina barbae1 tinea sycosis1 parasitic sycosis1 barber's itch7 begins usually in the same manner as ringworm on other parts1 as one or more rounded1 slightly scaly1 hyperaemic patches4 ,in rare instances the disease may persist as such1 with very little tendency to involve the hairs and follicles2 but1 as a rule1 the hairy structures are soon invaded1 many of the hairs breaking off1 and many falling out4 ,from involvement of the follicles1 more or less subcutaneous swelling ensues1 the parts assuming a distinctly lumpy and nodular condition4 ,the skin is usually considerably reddened1 often having a glossy appearance1 and studded with few or numerous pustules4 ,the nodules tend1 ordinarily1 to break down and discharge1 at one or more of the follicular openings1 a glairy1 glutinous1 purulent material1 which may dry to thick1 adherent crusts4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ga4 ,ringworm ,fungus 7,microsporon7 x #ejj4 7,after ,duhring47 ,short1 broken-off hair of scalp invaded with masses of free spores4 ,the disease may be limited to one patch1 or a large area1 even to the extent of the whole bearded region1 becomes involved4 ,the upper lip is rarely invaded4 ,ringworm of the bearded region is due to the trichophyton4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gb4 ,ringworm ,fungus 7,trichophyton7 x #cjj4 7,after ,duhring47 ,short1 stout hair of beard1 with the root-sheath attached1 showing free spores and chains of spores4 ,to what is ringworm due8 ,to the presence and growth in the cutaneous structures of a vegetable parasite4 ,although the disease is contagious1 individuals differ considerably as to susceptibility4 ,it is much more common in children than in those past the age of puberty1 ringworm of the scalp being limited to the former 7rare exceptions71 and tinea sycosis being a disease of the male adult4 ,until recently the ringworm was thought to be due to but one fungus--the trichophyton2 it is now known that there are several forms of fungi1 the main forms being the small-spored 7microsporon ,audouini7 and the large-spored 7trichophyton74 ,of this latter there are two main subvarieties--endothrix and ectothrix4 ,the small-spored fungus is found as the cause in the majority of scalp cases2 the endothrix also commonly invades the scalp integument4 ,the ectothrix variety is usually derived directly or indirectly from domestic animals1 and is chiefly responsible for body-ringworm1 and for suppurative ringworm1 whether upon the bearded region or elsewhere4 ,what is the pathology of ringworm8 ,on the general surface the fungus has its seat in the epidermis1 especially in the corneous layer2 upon the scalp and bearded region the epidermis1 hair-shaft1 root and follicle are invaded4 ,the inflammatory action may vary considerably in different cases1 and at different times in the same case4 ,the fungus consists of mycelium and spores4 ,in the epidermic scrapings it is never to be found in abundance1 and the mycelium predominates1 while in affected hairs the spores and chains of spores are almost exclusively seen1 and are usually present in great profusion4 ,how do you examine for the fungus8 ,the scrapings or hair should be moistened with liquor potassae1 and examined with a power from three hundred diameters upward4 ,how is ringworm of the general surface to be distinguished from eczema1 psoriasis and seborrhoea8 ,by the growth and characters of the patch1 the slight scaliness1 the tendency to disappear in the centre1 by the history1 and1 if necessary1 by a microscopic examination of the scales4 ,how is ringworm of the scalp to be distinguished from alopecia areata1 favus1 eczema1 seborrhoea1 and psoriasis8 ,by the peculiar clinical features of ringworm on this region--the slight scaliness1 broken hair and hair stumps1 with a certain amount of baldness--and in doubtful cases by a microscopical examination of the hairs4 ,in favus1 although the same condition of the hair is noted1 the yellow1 cup-shaped crusts1 and the presence of the atrophic areas in that disease are pathognomonic4 ,how is ringworm of the bearded region to be distinguished from eczema and sycosis8 ,by the peculiar lumpiness of the parts1 the brittleness of the hair1 more or less hair loss1 and the history4 ,the superficial type of ringworm sycosis--those cases in which the disease remains a surface disease--is readily distinguished1 as the symptoms are essentially the same as ringworm of non-hairy parts1 except that some of the hairs in the areas may become invaded and break off or fall out4 ,in doubtful cases recourse may be had to microscopical examination4 ,what is the prognosis of ringworm of these several parts8 ,when upon the general surface1 the disease usually responds rapidly to therapeutical applications2 upon the scalp it is always a stubborn affection1 and1 as a rule1 requires several months to a year of energetic treatment to effect a cure4 ,in this latter region the disease will disappear spontaneously as the age of fifteen or sixteen is reached4 ,tinea sycosis yields in most instances in the course of several weeks or a few months4 ,is ringworm of these several parts treated with the same remedies8 ,as a rule1 yes2 but the strength must be modified4 ,the scalp will stand strong applications1 as will likewise the bearded region2 upon non-hairy portions the remedies should be used somewhat weaker4 ,they should be applied twice daily2 ointments1 if used1 being well rubbed in1 and lotions thoroughly dabbed on4 ,how would you treat ringworm of the general surface8 ,by applications of the milder parasiticides1 such as a ten to fifteen per cent4 solution of sodium hyposulphite2 carbolic acid1 five to thirty grains to the ounce of water1 or lard2 a saturated solution of boric acid2 ointments of tar1 sulphur and mercury1 official strength or weakened with lard2 and tincture of iodine1 pure or diluted4 ,when occurring upon the upper and inner part of the thighs 7so-called eczema marginatum71 the same remedies are to be employed1 but usually stronger4 ,deserving of special mention is a lotion of corrosive sublimate1 one to four grains to the ounce2 or the same remedy1 in the same proportion1 may be used in tincture of myrrh or benzoin1 and painted on the parts4 ,how would you treat ringworm of the scalp8 ,by occasional soap-and-hot-water washing2 by extraction of the involved hairs1 when practicable2 by carbolic acid or boric acid lotions to the whole scalp1 so as to limit1 as much as possible1 the spread of the disease2 and by daily 7or twice daily7 applications to the patches and involved areas of a parasiticide4 ,the following are the most valuable3 the oleate of mercury1 with lard or lanolin1 in varying strength1 from ten to twenty per cent42 carbolic acid1 with one to three or more parts of glycerine or oil2 corrosive sublimate1 in solution in alcohol and water1 one to four grains to the ounce2 sulphur ointment2 and citrine ointment1 with one or two parts of lard4 ,chrysarobin is a valuable remedy1 but is to be employed with care2 it may be prescribed as a rubber plaster1 or in a solution of gutta-percha1 or as an ointment1 ten to fifteen per cent4 strength4 beta-naphthol in ointment form1 five to fifteen per cent4 strength1 is also useful4 ,an excellent application for beginning areas on the scalp is a solution of the red iodide of mercury in iodine tincture1 one to three grains to an ounce4 ,a compound ointment1 containing several of the active remedies named1 is convenient for dispensary practice1 such as3-- ,rx beta-naphthol1 44444444444444444 dramss-dramj ,ol4 cadini1 4444444444444444444444444 dramj ,ungt4 sulphuris1 444444444444 q4s4 ad ,ozj4 ,m4 ,in that form known as tinea kerion mild applications are demanded at first2 later the same treatment as in the ordinary type4 ,how is ringworm of the bearded region to be treated8 ,on the same general plan and with the same remedies 7excepting chrysarobin7 as in ringworm of the scalp4 ,depilation is to be practised as an essential part of the treatment4 ,special mention may be made of an ointment of oleate of mercury1 sulphur ointment1 a lotion of sodium hyposulphite 7dramj-,ozj71 and a lotion of corrosive sublimate 7gr4 j-iv to ,ozj74 ,the x-ray has been used in ringworm of this region with alleged success1 pushing it to the production of a mild erythema and depilation4 ,the above methods are1 however1 usually successful1 and are without risk of damage4 ,how is the certainty of an apparent cure in ringworm of the scalp or bearded region to be determined8 ,by the continued absence of roughness and of broken hairs and stumps1 and by microscopical examination of the new-growing hairs from time to time for several weeks after discontinuance of treatment4 ,cure of ringworm of the general surface is usually self-evident4 ,is systemic treatment of aid in the cure of ringworm8 ,it is doubtful1 although in children in a depraved state of health the disease is often noted to be especially stubborn1 and in such cod-liver oil and similar remedies may at times prove of benefit4 ,tinea ,imbricata4 7,synonym3 ,tokelau ,ringworm47 ,what is tinea imbricata8 ,a vegetable parasitic disease of moist tropical countries1 characterized by the formation of patches composed of concentrically arranged1 imbricated1 scaly rings4 ,it may begin at one or several points as a brownish1 slightly raised spot1 spreading peripherally2 the renewed epidermis of the central part of the patch goes again through the same process2 the result is a small or large area of concentrically arranged1 imbricated1 slightly scaly eruption4 ,several such areas fusing together may cover a large part of the surface1 the ring-like arrangement being sometimes more or less completely lost4 ,the malady is chronic4 ,there may be a variable degree of itching4 ,the cause of the disease1 which is of a contagious nature1 is a vegetable parasite closely similar to the trichophyton4 ,the treatment is by the parasiticides1 being essentially the same1 in fact1 as ringworm4 ,tinea ,versicolor4 7,synonyms3 ,pityriasis ,versicolor2 ,chromophytosis47 ,what is tinea versicolor8 ,tinea versicolor is a vegetable-parasitic disease of the skin1 characterized by variously-sized and shaped1 slightly scaly1 macular patches of a yellowish-fawn color1 and occurring for the most part upon the upper portion of the trunk4 ,describe the symptoms of tinea versicolor4 ,the disease begins as one or more yellowish macular points2 these1 in the course of weeks or months1 gradually extend1 and1 together with other patches that arise1 may form a more or less continuous sheet of eruption4 ,there is slight scaliness1 always insignificant and furfuraceous in character1 and at times1 except upon close inspection1 scarcely perceptible4 ,the color of the patches is pale or brownish-yellow2 in rare instances1 in those of delicate skin1 there may be more or less hyperaemia1 and in consequence the eruption is of a reddish tinge4 ,the number of patches varies2 there may be but a few1 or1 on the other hand1 a profusion4 ,slight itching1 especially when the parts are warm1 is usually present4 ,does the eruption of tinea versicolor show predilection for any special region8 ,yes2 the upper part of the trunk1 especially anteriorly1 is the usual seat of the eruption1 but in exceptional instances the neck1 axillae1 the arms1 the whole trunk1 the genitocrural region and poplitea1 and in rare cases even the lower part of the face1 may become invaded4 ,what course does tinea versicolor pursue8 ,persistent1 but somewhat variable2 as a rule1 however1 slowly progressive and lasting for years4 ,to what is tinea versicolor due8 ,to a vegetable fungus--the microsporon furfur4 ,the affection is tolerably common1 and occurs in all parts of the world4 ,with rare exceptions1 it is a disease of adults1 and while looked upon as contagious1 must be so to an extremely slight degree4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gc4 ,microsporon ,furfur x #djj4 7,after ,duhring47 ,showing mycelium in various stages of development1 groups of spores and free spores4 ,what is the pathology8 ,the fungus1 consisting of mycelium and spores1 the latter showing a marked tendency to aggregate1 invades the superficial portion of the epidermis4 ,is tinea versicolor readily diagnosticated8 ,yes2 if the color1 peculiar characters and distribution of the eruption are kept in mind4 ,it is not to be confounded with vitiligo1 chloasma1 or the macular syphiloderm4 ,if in doubt1 have recourse to the microscope4 ,state the method of examination for fungus4 ,the scrapings are taken from a patch1 moistened with liquor potassae1 and examined with a power of three to five hundred diameters4 ,state the prognosis of tinea versicolor4 ,with proper management the disease is readily curable4 ,relapses are not uncommon4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gd4 ,tinea versicolor4 ,what is the treatment of tinea versicolor8 ,it consists in daily washing with soap and hot water 7and in obstinate cases with sapo viridis instead of the ordinary soap7 and application of a lotion of--sulphite or hyposulphite of sodium1 a drachm to the ounce2 sulphurous acid1 pure or diluted2 carbolic acid1 or resorcin1 ten to twenty grains to the ounce of water and alcohol2 or corrosive sublimate1 one to three grains to the ounce of water4 ,sulphur and ammoniated-mercury ointments are also serviceable4 ,the following used alone1 simply as a soap1 or in conjunction with a lotion1 is often of special value3-- ,rx ,sulphur1 praecip41 44444444444444444444 dramiv ,saponis viridis1 444444444444444444444 dramxii4 ,m4 ,after the disease is apparently cured1 an occasional remedial application should be made for several months1 in order to guard against the possibility of a relapse4 ,erythrasma4 ,describe erythrasma4 ,erythrasma is an extremely rare disease1 due to the presence and growth in the epidermic structures of the vegetable parasite--the microsporon minutissimum4 ,it is characterized by small and large1 slightly furfuraceous1 reddish-yellow or reddish-brown patches1 occurring usually on warm and moist parts1 such as the axillary1 inguinal1 anal and genitocrural regions4 ,it is slowly progressive and persistent1 but is without disturbing symptoms other than occasional slight itching4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ge4 ,microsporon ,minutissimum x #ajjj4 7,after ,riehl47 ,treatment1 which is rapidly effective1 is the same as that employed in tinea versicolor4 ,dhobie ,itch4 ,dhobie itch is a name used in certain tropical countries to designate a somewhat peculiar itching eruption of the genitocrural and axillary regions1 and by some also a similar eruption about the feet4 ,it consists of a dermatitis of variable degree1 usually with a festooned1 irregular border1 with considerable itching4 ,it is believed that such cases are variously due to the trichophyton of ringworm1 to the microsporon furfur of tinea versicolor1 to the microsporon minutissimus of erythrasma1 and to other parasites4 ,actinomycosis4 ,describe actinomycosis4 ,actinomycosis of the skin is an affection due to the ray fungus1 and characterized by a sluggish1 red1 nodular1 or lumpy infiltration1 usually with a tendency to break down and form sinuses4 ,the affection may involve almost any part1 but its most common site is about the jaw1 neck1 and face4 ,as a rule1 the first evidence is a hard subcutaneous swelling or infiltration1 which may increase slightly or considerably4 ,the overlying skin gradually becomes of a sluggish or dark-red color4 ,softening ensues1 and the diseased area breaks down at one or more points1 from which there oozes a discharge of a sero-purulent1 purulent1 or sanguinolent character4 ,in this discharge can be usually noted minute1 friable1 yellowish or yellowish-gray bodies representing conglomerate collections of the causative fungus4 ,the course of the malady is commonly slow and insidious4 ,unless systemic pyemic infection occurs or the fungus elements find their way to the deeper organs or structures the general health remains apparently undisturbed4 ,what is the treatment8 ,the administration of moderate to large doses of potassium iodide1 conjointly with curetting or excision of the diseased mass4 ,local applications of iodine solution can also be tried4 ,blastomycetic ,dermatitis4 ,what do you understand by blastomycetic dermatitis8 ,blastomycetic dermatitis is a rare disease beginning usually as a small papule or nodule1 enlarging slowly1 breaking down and developing into a verrucous or papillomatous-looking area1 similar in appearance to tuberculosis cutis verrucosa4 ,a muco-purulent or purulent secretion can visually be pressed out from between the papillomatous elevations4 ,it may also present the appearance of a serpiginous lupus vulgaris or syphiloderm4 ,as a rule it is slow in its course4 ,furuncular or abscess-like formations may develop1 usually from secondary infection4 ,the disease is due to the invasion of the cutaneous tissues by the blastomyces4 ,illustration3 ,blastomycetic dermatitis4 ,treatment consists in administration of moderate to large doses of potassium iodide1 and in the employment of antiseptic and parasiticide applications2 usually1 however1 radical treatment1 such as employed in lupus vulgaris1 may be necessary4 ,scabies4 7,synonym3 ,the ,itch47 ,what is scabies8 ,scabies1 or itch1 is a contagious animal-parasitic disease characterized by a multiform eruption of a somewhat peculiar distribution1 attended by intense itching4 ,describe the symptoms of scabies4 ,the penetration and presence of the parasites within the cutaneous structures besides often giving rise to several or more complete or imperfectly formed burrows1 excite varying degrees of irritation1 and in consequence the formation of vesicles1 papules and pustules1 accompanied with more or less intense itching4 ,secondarily1 crusting1 and at times a mild or severe grade of dermatitis1 may be brought about4 ,the parasite seeks preferably tender and protected situations1 as between the fingers1 on the wrists1 especially the flexor surface1 in the folds of the axilla1 on the abdomen1 about the anal fissure1 about the genitalia1 and in females also about the nipples1 and hence the eruption is most abundant about these regions4 ,the inside of the thighs and the feet are also attacked1 as1 indeed1 may be almost every portion of the body4 ,the scalp and face are not involved2 exceptionally1 however1 these parts are invaded in infants and young children4 ,is the grade of cutaneous irritation the same in all cases of scabies8 ,no2 in those of great cutaneous irritability1 especially in children1 the skin being more tender1 the type of the eruption is usually much more inflammatory4 ,in those predisposed a true eczema may arise1 and then1 in addition to the characteristic lesions of scabies1 eczematous symptoms are superadded2 in long-persistent cases1 indeed1 the burrows and other consequent lesions may be more or less completely masked by the eczematous inflammation1 and the true nature of the disease be greatly obscured4 ,what do you mean by burrows8 ,burrows1 or cuniculi1 are tortuous1 straight or zigzag1 dotted1 slightly elevated1 dark-gray or blackish thread-like linear formations1 varying in length from an eighth to a half an inch4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gf4 ,burrow1 or cuniculus1 greatly magnified4 7,after ,kaposi47 ,showing the mite1 ova1 empty shells and excrement4 ,how is a burrow formed8 ,by the impregnated female parasite1 which penetrates the epidermis obliquely to the rete1 depositing as it goes along ten or fifteen ova1 forming a minute passage or burrow4 ,upon what parts are burrows most commonly to be found8 ,in the interdigital spaces1 on the flexor surface of the wrists1 about the mammae in the female1 and on the shaft of the penis in the male4 ,are burrows usually present in numbers8 ,no4 ,several may be found in a single case1 but they are rarely numerous1 as the irritation caused by the penetration of the parasites leads either to violent scratching and their destruction1 or gives rise to the formation of vesicles and pustules1 and consequently their formation is prevented4 ,what course does scabies pursue8 ,chronic and progressive1 showing no tendency to spontaneous disappearance4 ,to what is scabies due8 ,to the invasion of the cutaneous structures by an animal parasite1 the sarcoptes scabiei 7acarus scabiei74 ,the male mite is never found in the skin and apparently takes no direct part in the production of the symptoms4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gg4 ,fig4 #gh4 ,sarcoptes scabiei x #ajj4 7,after ,duhring47 ,female4 ,ventral surface4 ,male4 ,the disease is contagious to a marked degree1 and is most commonly contracted by sleeping with those affected1 or by occupying a bed in which an affected person has slept4 ,it occurs1 for obvious reasons1 usually among the poor1 although it is now quite frequently met with among the better classes4 ,state the diagnostic features of scabies4 ,the burrows1 the peculiar distribution and the multiformity of the eruption1 the progressive development1 and usually a history of contagion4 ,how do vesicular and pustular eczema differ from scabies8 ,eczema is usually limited in extent1 or irregularly distributed1 is distinctly patchy1 with often the formation of large diffused areas2 it is variable in its clinical behavior1 better and worse from time to time1 and differs1 moreover1 in the absence of burrows and of a history of contagion4 ,how does pediculosis corporis differ from scabies8 ,in the distribution of the eruption4 ,the pediculi live in the clothing and go to the skin solely for nourishment1 and hence the eruption in that condition is upon covered parts1 especially those parts with which the clothing lies closely in contact1 as around the neck1 across the upper part of the back1 about the waist and down the outside of the thighs2 the hands are free4 ,state the prognosis of scabies4 ,it is favorable4 ,the disease is readily cured1 and1 as soon as the parasites and their ova are destroyed1 the itching and the secondary symptoms1 as a rule1 rapidly disappear4 ,how is scabies treated8 ,treatment is entirely external1 and consists of a preliminary soap-and-hot-water bath1 an application1 twice daily for three days1 of a remedy destructive to the parasites and ova1 and finally another bath4 ,inquiry as to others of the family should be made1 and1 if affected1 treated at the same time4 ,the wearing apparel should be looked after--boiled1 baked1 or sulphur-fumigated4 ,what remedial applications are employed in scabies8 ,sulphur1 balsam of ,peru1 styrax1 and beta-naphthol1 singly or severally combined4 ,in children1 or in those of sensitive skin1 the following3-- ,rx ,sulphur4 praecip41 44444444444444444444 dramiv ,balsam4 ,peruv41 4444444444444444444444 dramij ,adipis1 ,petrolati1 444444444 aa 44444444 ,oziss4 ,m4 ,and in adults1 or those of non-irritable skin3-- ,rx ,sulphur1 praecip41 44444444444444444444 ,ozj ,balsam4 ,peruv41 4444444444444444444444 ,ozss beta-,naphthol1 444444444444444444444 dramij ,adipis1 ,petrolati1 444 aa 444 q4s4 ad 44 ,oziv4 ,m4 ,styrax is a remedy of value and is commonly employed as an ointment in the strength of one part to two or three parts of lard4 ,is one such course of treatment sufficient to bring about a cure8 ,yes1 in ordinary cases1 if the applications have been carefully and thoroughly made2 exceptionally1 however1 some parasites and ova escape destruction1 and consequently itching will again begin to show itself at the end of a week or ten days1 and a repetition of the treatment become necessary4 ,does the secondary dermatitis which is always present in severe cases require treatment8 ,only when it is unusually persistent or severe2 in such cases the various soothing applications1 lotions or ointments employed in acute eczema are to be prescribed4 ,is a dermatitis due to too active and prolonged treatment ever mistaken for persistence of the scabies8 ,yes4 ,pediculosis4 7,synonyms3 ,phtheiriasis2 ,lousiness47 ,define pediculosis4 ,pediculosis is a term applied to that condition of local or general cutaneous irritation due to the presence of the animal parasite1 the pediculus1 or louse4 ,name the several varieties met with4 ,three varieties are presented1 named according to the parts involved1 pediculosis capitis1 pediculosis corporis1 and pediculosis pubis2 the parasite in each being a distinct species of pediculus4 ,pediculosis ,capitis4 ,describe the symptoms of pediculosis capitis4 ,pediculosis capitis 7pediculosis capillitii71 due to the presence of the pediculus capitis1 occurs much more frequently in children than in adults4 ,it is characterized by marked itching1 and the formation of various inflammatory lesions1 such as papules1 pustules and excoriations--resulting from the irritation produced by the parasites and from the scratching to which the intense pruritus gives rise4 ,in fact1 an eczematous eruption of the pustular type soon results1 attended with more or less crust formation4 ,in consequence of the cutaneous irritation the neighboring lymphatic glands may become inflamed and swollen1 and in rare cases suppurate4 ,the occipital region is the part which is usually most profusely infested1 more especially in young girls and women4 ,in those of delicate skin1 especially in children1 scattered papules1 vesico-papules1 pustules1 and excoriations may often be seen upon the forehead and neck4 ,in some instances1 however1 especially in boys1 there may be many pediculi present1 with but little cutaneous disturbance1 the itching being the sole symptom4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #gi4 ,pediculus ,capitis x #be4 7,after ,duhring47 ,female4 ,dorsal surface4 ,in addition to the pediculi1 which1 as a rule1 may be readily found1 their ova1 or nits1 are always to be seen upon the shaft of the hairs1 quite firmly attached4 ,describe the appearance of the ova4 ,they are dirty-white or grayish looking1 minute1 pear-shaped bodies1 visible to the naked eye1 and fastened upon the shaft of the hairs with the small end toward the root4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #hj4 ,ova of the head-louse attached to a hair4 ,magnified4 7,after ,kaposi47 ,is there any difficulty in the diagnosis of pediculosis capitis8 ,no4 ,the diagnosis is readily made1 as the pediculi are usually to be found without difficulty1 and even when they exist in small numbers and are not readily discovered1 the presence of the ova will indicate the nature of the affection4 ,pustular eruptions upon the scalp1 especially posteriorly1 should always arouse a suspicion of pediculosis4 ,the possibility of the pediculosis being secondary to eczema must not be forgotten4 ,what is the treatment of pediculosis capitis8 ,treatment consists in the application of some remedy destructive to the pediculi and their ova4 ,crude petroleum is effective1 one or two thorough applications over night being usually sufficient2 in order to lessen its inflammability1 and also to mask its somewhat disagreeable odor1 it may be mixed with an equal part of olive oil and a small quantity of balsam of ,peru added4 ,tincture of cocculus indicus1 pure or diluted1 may also be applied with good results4 ,when the parts are markedly eczematous1 an ointment of ammoniated mercury or beta-naphthol1 thirty to sixty grains to the ounce may be used4 ,daily shampooing with soap and water1 and the twice daily application of a five per cent4 carbolic acid lotion1 together with the use of a fine-toothed comb1 is a safe and efficient method for dispensary practice2 as it is1 indeed1 for any class of patients4 ,how are the ova or their shells to be removed from the hair8 ,by the frequent use of acid or alkaline lotions1 such as dilute acetic acid and vinegar1 or solutions of sodium carbonate and borax4 ,pediculosis ,corporis4 ,describe the symptoms of pediculosis corporis4 ,pediculosis corporis is dependent upon the presence of the pediculus corporis 7pediculus vestimenti71 a larger variety than that infesting the scalp4 ,it is characterized by more or less general itching1 together with various inflammatory lesions and excoriations4 ,as the parasites are to be found chiefly in the folds and seams of the clothing1 visiting the skin for the purpose of feeding1 the various symptoms--the minute hemorrhagic puncta showing the points at which they have been sucking1 and the consequent papules1 pustules and excoriations--are1 therefore1 to be found most abundantly on those parts with which the clothing comes closely in contact1 as1 for instance1 around the neck1 across the shoulders1 around the waist1 and down the outside of the thighs4 ,it is uncommon in children4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #ha4 ,pediculus ,corporis x #be4 7,after ,duhring47 ,female4 ,dorsal surface4 ,state the diagnostic characters of pediculosis corporis4 ,the presence of the minute hemorrhagic puncta1 the multiform character and peculiar distribution of the eruption4 ,careful search will almost invariably disclose one or more pediculi4 ,what is the treatment of pediculosis corporis8 ,the clothing and bed-coverings are to be thoroughly baked or boiled1 the pediculi and their ova being in this manner destroyed2 a thymol or carbolized boric-acid lotion may be used to relieve the cutaneous irritation4 ,when attention to the wearing apparel is not immediately practicable1 ointments of sulphur and staphisagria1 and lotions of carbolic acid1 may be advised as temporary measures4 ,the wearing of a bag of loosely woven texture containing some lump sulphur next to the skin is useful in such cases2 at the temperature of the body the sulphur undergoes slow oxidation4 ,in hairy individuals the malady is often persistent1 due to the fact that ova have become attached to the hair and a new progeny soon hatched out4 ,continued treatment over a few weeks will usually suffice to rid the patient of their presence4 ,pediculosis ,pubis4 ,describe the symptoms of pediculosis pubis4 ,pediculosis pubis is a condition due to the presence of the pediculus pubis1 or crab-louse4 ,it is characterized by more or less itching about the genitalia1 together with papules1 excoriations1 and other inflammatory lesions4 ,the amount of irritation varies2 it may be slight1 or1 on the other hand1 severe4 ,the parasite1 which is the smallest of the three varieties1 may be discovered upon close examination seated near the roots of the hairs1 clutching the hair1 with its head downward and buried in the follicle4 ,the ova may be seen attached to the hair-shafts4 ,it infests adults chiefly1 being in many instances probably contracted through sexual intercourse4 ,is the pediculus pubis found upon any other part of the body8 ,yes4 ,although its favorite habitat is the region of the pubes1 it may1 in exceptional instances1 also infest the axillae1 the sternal region of the male1 the beard1 eyebrows1 and even the eyelashes4 ,state the diagnostic characters of pediculosis pubis4 ,the region involved1 itching1 variable amount of irritation1 and1 above all1 the presence of the pediculi and their ova4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #hb4 ,pediculus ,pubis x #be4 7,after ,duhring47 ,female4 ,dorsal surface4 ,name several applications prescribed for pediculosis pubis4 ,a lotion of corrosive sublimate1 one to four grains to the ounce2 infusion of tobacco2 a ten to twenty per cent4 ointment of oleate of mercury2 ammoniated mercury ointment1 and a five to ten per cent4 beta-naphthol ointment4 ,repeated washings with vinegar or dilute acetic acid1 or with alkaline lotions1 will free the hairs of the ova4 ,cysticercus ,cellulosae4 ,describe the cutaneous disturbance produced by the cysticercus cellulosae4 ,the presence of cysticerci in the skin and subcutaneous tissue gives rise to pea to hazelnut-sized1 rounded1 firm1 movable tumors which1 when developed1 may remain unchanged for months4 ,the parasites are disclosed by microscopic examination4 ,most of the cases have been observed in ,germany4 ,filaria ,medinensis4 7,synonym3 ,guinea-worm47 ,state the character of the lesions produced by the filaria medinensis4 ,the young microscopic worm penetrates the skin or deeper tissue1 where it grows gradually1 finally reaching several inches or more in length and about a half-line in thickness2 inflammation is excited and a tumor-like swelling makes its appearance1 which1 sooner or later1 breaks1 disclosing the worm4 ,it may also present a cord-like appearance4 ,it is rarely met with outside of tropical countries4 ,treatment consists in gradual extraction1 or in the injection of a corrosive sublimate solution 7#a3ajjj7 into the forming tumor4 ,asafetida internally has been found to be curative1 the parasite being destroyed and subsequently absorbed or discharged4 ,ixodes4 7,synonym3 ,wood-tick47 ,state the character of the cutaneous disturbance produced by the ixodes4 ,the tick sticks its proboscis into the skin and sucks blood until it is several times its natural size1 and then falls off2 an urticarial lesion results4 ,if caught in the act the animal should not be forcibly extracted1 as its proboscis may be thus broken off and remain in the skin1 and give rise to pain and inflammation4 ,it may be made to relinquish its hold by placing on it a drop of an essential oil4 ,a thymol or carbolized boric-acid lotion will relieve the irritation4 ,leptus4 7,synonym3 ,harvest-mite47 ,state the characters of the lesion produced by the leptus4 ,this minute brick-red mite buries itself in the skin1 especially about the ankles and feet1 giving rise to papules1 vesicles and pustules4 ,treatment consists of the use of a mild sulphur ointment or of a carbolic-acid lotion4 ,,oestrus4 7,synonym3 ,gad1 or ,bot-fly47 ,describe the cutaneous disturbance produced by the oestrus4 ,the ova are deposited in the skin1 develop and give rise to the formation of furuncle-like tumors with central aperture1 through which a sanious discharge exudes2 or as the result of the burrowing of the larvae1 irregular serpiginous lines or wheals are produced4 ,it is chiefly met with in ,central and ,south ,america4 ,larva migrant1 or creeping disease1 is doubtless in this same class4 ,it is characterized by a thread-like linear formation of an erythematous1 erythemato-papular1 or vesicular nature that gradually extends1 the older part disappearing2 considerable surface may be covered before the parasite disappears or dies4 ,the treatment consists in endeavoring to destroy the organism by means of excision or caustic applications at the point of its suspected site which is just ahead of the extending line4 ,pulex ,penetrans4 7,synonyms3 ,sand ,flea2 ,jigger47 ,describe the cutaneous disturbance produced by the pulex penetrans4 ,this microscopic animal penetrates the skin1 especially about the toes1 producing an inflammatory swelling1 vesicle or pustule1 or even ulceration4 ,it is met with in warm and tropical countries4 ,treatment consists in extraction4 ,essential oils are used as a preventive4 ,a carbolic-acid or alkaline lotion relieves irritation4 ,cimex ,lectularius4 7,synonym3 ,bed-bug47 ,describe the characters of a bed-bug bite4 ,an inflammatory papule or wheal-like lesion results1 somewhat hemorrhagic2 the purpuric or hemorrhagic point or spot remains after the swelling subsides1 but finally1 in the course of several days or a few weeks1 disappears4 ,treatment consists in the application of alkaline or acid lotions4 ,culex4 7,synonym3 ,gnat2 ,mosquito47 ,describe the cutaneous disturbance produced by the culex4 ,it consists of an erythematous spot or a wheal-like lesion4 ,alkaline or acid lotions usually give relief4 ,pulex ,irritans4 7,synonym3 ,common ,flea47 ,describe the cutaneous disturbance produced by the pulex irritans4 ,it consists of an erythematous spot with a minute central hemorrhagic point4 ,in irritable skin1 a wheal-like lesion may result4 ,treatment consists of applications of camphor or ammonia-water2 carbolic acid and thymol lotions are also useful4 ,,relative ,,frequency ,,of ,,the ,,various ,,diseases ,,of ,,skin ,,as ,,shown ,,by ,,the ,,statistics 7#abc1gdf ,,cases7 ,,of ,,the ,,american ,,dermatological ,,association ,,for ,,ten ,,years1 #ahgh-hg4 --------------------------------------- ,,classification ,,of ,no4 ,,diseases4 ,cases ,cases --------------------------------------- ,class ,i4 ,disorders of the ,glands4 #a4 ,,of ,,the ,,sweat ,,glands4 ,hyperidrosis #cbh 4#bfe ,sudamen #bfh 4#baf ,anidrosis #aa 4#jji ,bromidrosis #aab 4#jij ,chromidrosis #g 4#jje ,uridrosis 444 4444 #b4 ,,of ,,the ,,sebaceous ,,glands #bch 4#aic ,seborrhoea3 #ahab #a4dg a4 oleosa #cfg 4#bif b4 sicca #cie 4#cai ,comedo #abbe 4#ihi ,cyst3 #f 4#jjd a4 ,milium #bbe 4#ahc b4 ,steatoma #aea 4#abb ,asteatosis #h 4#jjf ,class ,,ii4 ,inflammations4 ,exanthemata #aggj #a4dc ,erythema simplex #ajfd 4#hei ,erythema multiforme3 #iae 4#gcj a4 papulosum #cbe 4#bfb b4 bullosum #cg 4#jbi c4 nodosum #hb 4#jff ,urticaria #biid #b4dg pigmentosa #a 4#jjjh ,e,dermatitis3 #agbj #a4ci a4 traumatica #dfh 4#cgh b4 venenata #faf 4#dih c4 calorica #bbd 4#ahg d4 medicamentosa #ajh 4#jhg e4 gangraenosa #h 4#jjf ,erysipelas #ajbf 4#hbi ,furunculus #babi #a4gb ,anthrax #beb 4#bjc ,phlegmona diffusa #bfe 4#bae ,pustula maligna #aig 4#aei ,herpes simplex #bjeg #a4ff ,herpes zoster #adbh #a4ae ,dermatitis herpetiformis #da 4#jcc ,psoriasis #daca #c4cd ,pityriasis maculuta et circinata #ga 4#jeg ,dermatitis exfoliativa #af 4#jab ,pityriasis rubra #dd 4#jcb ,lichen3 #add 4#aaf a4 planus #aed 4#abd b4 ruber #bg 4#jba ,eczema3 #cgffa #cj4dc a4 erythematosum 4444 4444 b4 papulosum 4444 4444 c4 vesiculosum 4444 4444 d4 madidans 4444 4444 e4 pustulosum 4444 4444 f4 rubrum 4444 4444 g4 squamosum 4444 4444 ,prurigo #cd 4#jbg ,acne #ijgg #g4cd ,acne rosacea #cih 4#cba ,sycosis #bbg 4#ahe ,impetigo #agfi #a4dc ,impetigo contagiosa #fjj 4#dhe ,impetigo herpetiformis #aj 4#jji ,ecthyma #gbf 4#ehg ,pemphigus #ahc 4#adh ,ulcers #cjba #b4dd ,class ,,iii4 ,hemorrhages4 ,purpura3 #cda 4#bge a4 simplex #aha 4#ade b4 haemorrhagica #di 4#jci ,class ,,iv4 ,hypertrophies4 #a4 ,,of ,,pigment4 ,lentigo #abg 4#ajc ,chloasma #efj 4#deb #b4 ,,of ,,epidermal ,,and ,,papillary ,,layers4 ,keratosis3 #id 4#jgf a4 pilaris #ajc 4#jhc b4 senilis #fh 4#jee ,molluscum epitheliale #agb 4#aci ,callositas #aaj 4#jij ,clavus #hd 4#jfh ,cornu cutaneum #db 4#jcd ,verruca #abeb #a4ji ,verruca necrogenica #b 4#jja ,naevus pigmentosus #hh 4#jfd ,xerosis #ajj 4#jhj ,ichthyosis #cji 4#bdi ,onychauxis #gj 4#jef ,hypertrichosis #eae 4#daf #c4 ,,of ,,connective ,,tissue4 ,sclerema neonatorum 4444 4444 ,scleroderma #ch #j4jcj ,morphoea #ci #j4jca ,elephantiasis #eg #j4jdf ,rosacea3 #ghe #j4fcd a4 erythematosa #cha #j4cjh b4 hypertrophica #eh #j4jdg ,framboesia #bb #j4jah ,class ,v4 ,atrophies4 #a4 ,,of ,,pigment4 ,leucoderma #gg #j4jfb ,albinismus #i #j4jjh ,vitiligo #aia #j4aee ,canities #dc #j4jce #b4 ,,of ,,hair4 ,alopecia #ibf #j4gdi ,alopecia furfuracea #hcj #j4fgj ,alopecia areata #gid #j4fda ,atrophia pilorum propria #bc #j4jai ,trichorexis nodosa #c #j4jjb #c4 ,,of ,,nail #bf #j4jba ,atrophia unguis #ai #j4jae #d4 ,,of ,,cutis #f #j4jje ,atrophia senilis #ae #j4jac ,atrophia maculosa et striata #bc #j4jai ,class ,,vi4 ,new ,growths4 #a4 ,,of ,,connective ,,tissue4 #a #j4jjjh ,keloid #aeb #j4abd ,cicatrix #hi #j4jfe ,fibroma #ic #j4jge ,neuroma #aa #j4jji ,xanthoma #fi #j4jef #b4 ,,of ,,muscular ,,tissue4 ,myoma #a #j4jjjh #c4 ,,of ,,vessels4 ,angioma #dfb #j4cgc ,angioma pigmentosum et atrophicum #ac #j4jaj ,angioma cavernosum #bb #j4jah ,lymphangioma #af 4#jab #d4 ,mycosis fongoide #a 4#jjjh ,rhinoscleroma #c 4#jjb ,lupus erythematosus #dgg 4#che ,lupus vulgaris #ecf 4#dcc ,scrofuloderma #ffc 4#ecf ,syphiloderma3 #achhh #aa4bb a4 erythematosum 4444 4444 b4 papulosum 4444 4444 c4 pustulosum 4444 4444 d4 tuberculosum 4444 4444 e4 gummatosum 4444 4444 ,lepra3 #bd 4#jbj a4 tuberosa #g 4#jje b4 maculosa #d 4#jjc c4 anaesthetica #f 4#jjd ,carcinoma #ajfh 4#hfc ,sarcoma #ee 4#jdd ,class ,,vii4 ,neuroses4 ,hyperaesthesia3 #d 4#jjc a4 ,pruritus #bgaf #b4ab b4 ,dermatalgia #aa 4#jji ,anaesthesia #bb 4#jah ,class ,,viii4 ,parasitic ,affections4 #a4 ,,vegetable4 ,tinea favosa #ced 4#bhf ,tinea trichophytina3 #bbhi #a4he a4 circinata #gje 4#efi b4 tonsurans #fge 4#ede c4 sycosis #cfe 4#bie ,tinea versicolor #abfc #a4jb #b4 ,,animal4 ,scabies #caib #b4eh ,pediculosis capillitii #begi #b4ji ,pediculosis corporis #agjd #a4ch ,pediculosis pubis #dcf 4#ceb --------------------------------------- ,total #abcgdf ,footnote ,e3 ,indicating affections of this class not properly included under other titles4 ,,index4 ,acarus folliculorum1 #dj scabiei1 #bfi ,achorion ,schoenleinii1 #bdi ,acne1 #aae-abf artificialis1 #abj atrophica1 #abj cachecticorum1 #abj frontalis1 #abi hypertrophica1 #abj indurata1 #abj keloid1 #ace lupoid1 #abi necrotica1 #abi papulosa1 #abj punctata1 #abj pustulosa1 #abj rodens1 #abi rosacea1 #abf-abi1 #aih sebacea1 #cc tar1 #abj urticata1 #acj varioliformis1 #abi vulgaris1 #aai ,acnitis1 #acj ,actinomycosis1 #bff ,addison's disease1 pigmentation of the skin in1 #adi keloid1 #agb ,ainhum1 #bab ,albinismus1 #agg ,albinos1 #agg ,alopecia1 #aha-ahc areata1 #ahc-ahf circumscripta1 #ahc congenital1 #aha furfuracea1 #aha premature1 #aha senile1 #aha ,anaesthesia1 #bdd ,anatomy of the skin1 #ag-ba1 #bh ,angioma1 #aif1 #aig cavernosum1 #aig pigmentosum et atrophicum1 #aij simplex1 #aif ,angiomyoma1 #aif ,angioneurotic oedema1 #ed ,anidrosis1 #ca ,anthrax1 #gj1 #gb ,antipruritic applications1 #bdf ,antipyrin1 eruptions from1 #fa ,area ,celsi1 #ahc ,argyria1 #aej ,arsenic1 eruptions from1 #fa ,artificial eruptions 7feigned eruptions71 #fd ,atrophia cutis1 #ahi1 #aij pilorum propria1 #ahg unguis1 #ahh1 #ahi ,atrophic lines and spots1 #aij ,atrophies1 #agg-aij ,atrophoderma1 #ahi neuriticum1 #ahi ,atrophy of the hair1 #ahg of the nails1 #ahh of the skin1 #ahi general idiopathic1 #ahi senile1 #aij ,atropia1 eruptions from1 #fa ,autographism1 #eb ,baldness1 #aha ,barbadoes leg1 #agd ,barbers' itch1 #bee ,bath-pruritis1 #bde ,bed-bug1 #bgh ,bed-sores1 #eh ,belladonna1 eruptions from1 #fa ,blackheads1 #ch-da ,blanching of the hair1 #ahj ,blastomycetic dermatitis1 #bff ,blebs1 #bc ,blood-vessels1 #ai ,boil1 #fh ,bot-fly1 #bgh ,bromides1 eruptions from1 #fa ,bromidrosis1 #cb ,bullae1 #bc ,burns1 #eh ,burrows1 #bfh ,calculi1 cutaneous1 #db ,callositas1 #aee1 #aef ,callosity1 #aee ,callous1 #aee ,callus1 #aee ,cancer1 epithelial1 #bcf skin1 #bcf ,canities1 #ahj prematura1 #ahj senilis1 #ahj ,carbuncle1 #gj ,carbunculus1 #gj-gb ,carcinoma epitheliale1 #bcf ,carrion's disease1 #gc ,chafing1 #de ,chapping1 #ajf ,charbon1 #gb ,cheiro-pompholyx1 #gf ,cheloid1 #aia ,chloasma1 #adi-aea uterinum1 #adi ,chloral1 eruptions from1 #fb ,chromidrosis1 #cb red1 #cc ,chromophytosis1 #bfb ,chrysarobin1 #ic ,chrysophanic acid 7chrysarobin71 #ic ,cicatrices1 #bd ,cimex lectularius1 #bgh ,clavus1 #aef1 #aeg ,comedo1 #ch-da extractor1 #dj ,condyloma1 flat 7or broad71 #bag pointed1 #afa ,configuration1 #bd ,conglomerate pustular folliculitis1 #beb ,contagious impetigo1 #acf ,contagiousness1 #bg ,copaiba1 eruptions from1 #fb ,corn1 #aef ,cornu cutaneum1 #aeh1 #aei humanum1 #aei ,crab-louse1 #bge ,creeping disease1 #bgh ,crusta lactea1 #ajd ,crustae1 #bd ,crusts1 #bd ,cubebs1 eruptions from1 #fb ,culex1 #bgi ,cuniculus1 #bfh ,curette1 #bjh ,cutaneous calculi1 #db horn1 #aeh ,cutis anserina1 #aeb pendula1 #agf ,cyst1 sebaceous1 #dc ,cysticercus cellulosae1 #bgf ,dandruff1 #cc1 #cd ,darier's disease1 #aec ,defluvium capillorum1 #aha ,demodex folliculorum1 #dj ,depilatories1 #afi ,dermalgia1 #bdd ,dermatalgia1 #bdd ,dermatitis1 #eh-fd acute general1 #if ambustionis1 #eh blastomycetic1 #bff calorica1 #eh congelationis1 #eh contusiformis1 #ej exfoliativa1 #if1 #ig general1 #if neonatorum1 #ig recurrent1 #if factitia1 #fd gangraenosa1 #fe herpetiformis1 #hc-hf iodoform1 #ei malignant papillary1 #bdj medicamentosa1 #fj papillaris capillitii1 #ace repens1 #ha traumatica1 #eh vegetans1 #adb venenata1 #ei x-ray1 #fc ,dermatographism1 #eb ,dermatolysis1 #agf ,dermatomyoma1 #aif ,dermatosclerosis1 #agb ,dermatosyphilis1 #bac ,dhobi itch1 #bfe ,digitalis1 eruptions from1 #fb ,disorders of the glands1 #bh-dd ,dissection wound1 #gc ,distribution and configuration1 #bd-bf ,drug eruptions 7dermatitis medicamentosa71 #fj ,duhring's disease1 #hc ,dysidrosis1 #gf ,ecthyma1 #ach1 #aci ,eczema1 #ajj-aai erythematosum1 #ajb fissum1 #ajf impetiginosum1 #ajd madidans1 #aje marginatum1 #bec papulosum1 #ajc pustulosum1 #ajd rimosum1 #ajf rubrum1 #aje sclerosum1 #ajf seborrhoicum1 #cc1 #cd1 #ia1 #ie1 #aji squamosum1 #ajd verrucosum1 #ajf vesiculosum1 #ajd ,electrolysis in removal of hair1 #afi ,elephant leg1 #agd ,elephantiasis1 #agd-agf ,arabum1 #agd ,graecorum1 #bca ,epidermis1 #ah ,epidermolysis bullosa1 #hj ,epilating forceps1 #bdi ,epithelial cancer1 #bcf ,epithelioma1 #bcf-bdj benign cystic1 #aih molluscum1 #aec ,equinia1 #gd ,erasion1 #bjh ,eruptions1 feigned 7artificial71 #fd medicinal 7dermatitis medicamentosa71 #fj ,erysipelas1 #ff1 #fg ambulans1 #fg migrans1 #fg ,erysipeloid1 #fg ,erythema1 #dd annulare1 #dh bullosum1 #dh caloricum1 #dd desquamative scarlatiniform1 #if gangrenosum1 #fe gyratum1 #dh induratum1 #ea scrofulosorum1 #ea intertrigo1 #de1 #df iris1 #dh marginatum1 #dh multiforme1 #df nodosum1 #ej1 #ea recurrent exfoliative1 #if simplex1 #dd solare1 #dd traumaticum1 #dd venenatum1 #dd vesiculosum1 #dh ,erythrasma1 #bfe ,excessive sweating 7hyperidrosis71 #bh ,excoriationes1 #bd ,excoriations1 #bd ,farcy1 #gd ,favus1 #bdg of general surface1 #bdh of nails1 #bdi of scalp1 #bdg ,feigned eruptions1 #fd ,fever blisters1 #gh ,fibroma1 #aib-aid molluscum1 #aib ,fibromyoma1 #aif ,filaria1 #age medinensis1 #bgg ,fish-skin disease1 #afe ,fissures1 #bd ,flea1 common1 #bgi sand1 #bgh ,flesh worms1 #ch-da ,folliclis1 #acj ,folliculitis barbae1 #acj decalvans1 #aca pustular1 conglomerate1 #beb ,forceps1 epilating1 #bdi ,fragilitas crinium1 #ahg ,framboesia1 #gc ,freckle1 #adh ,frost-bite1 #eh ,fungous foot of ,india1 #bab ,furuncle1 #fh ,furunculosis1 #fi ,furunculus1 #fh-gj ,gad-fly1 #bgh ,galvano-cautery1 #bjh instruments1 #bjf ,gangrene of the skin 7dermatitis gangraenosa71 #fe spontaneous1 #fe symmetric1 #ff ,gelatin dressing1 #aaf ,giant urticaria1 #ed ,glanders1 #gd ,glands1 sebaceous1 #cc sweat1 #bh ,glossy skin1 #ahi ,gnat1 #bgi ,goose-flesh1 #aeb ,granuloma fungoides1 #bdb necroticum1 #abi ,grayness of the hair1 #ahj ,grutum1 #db ,guinea-worm1 #bgg ,gumma1 #bbe ,gun-powder marks1 #aea ,gutta-percha plaster1 #aag ,hair1 #ba atrophy of1 #ahg graying of1 #ahj hypertrophy of1 #afh superfluous1 #afh ,hair-follicle1 #ba ,hairy people1 #afh ,harvest mite1 #bgg ,heat rash1 #gd ,hemorrhages1 #add-adf ,henoch's purpura1 #ade1 #adf ,hereditary infantile syphilis1 #bbh cutaneous manifestations of1 #bba ,herpes1 #gh facialis1 #gh gestationis1 #hc iris1 #dh labialis1 #gh praeputialis1 #gi progenitalis1 #gh simplex1 #gh-hj zoster1 #ha-hc ,hirsuties1 #afh ,hives1 #eb ,homines pilosi1 #afh ,horn1 cutaneous1 #aeh ,hydradenitis suppurativa1 #acj ,hydroa aestivale1 #hj herpetiforme1 #hc puerorum1 #hj vacciniforme1 #hj ,hydrocystoma1 #ca ,hyperesthesia1 #bdd ,hyperidrosis1 #bh-cj ,hypertrichosis1 #afh-agj ,hypertrophic scar1 #aib ,hypertrophies1 #adh-agg ,hypertrophy of the hair1 #afh of the nail1 #afg ,ichthyosis1 #afe-afg congenita1 #afe follicularis1 #aec hystrix1 #afe sebacea1 #cc cornea1 #aec simplex1 #afe ,impetigo contagiosa1 #acf1 #ach herpetiformis1 #ach simplex1 #acg ,infantile syphilis1 hereditary1 #bbh ,inflammations1 #dd-adc ,inflammatory fungoid neoplasm1 #bdb ,iodides1 eruptions from1 #fb ,iodoform dermatitis1 #ei ,itch1 #bfg barbers'1 #bee dhobie1 #bfe mite1 #bfi ,ivy poisoning1 #ei ,ixodes1 #bgg ,jigger1 #bgh ,keloid1 #agb1 #aib cicatricial1 #aia false1 #aia of ,addison1 #agb of ,alibert1 #aia spontaneous1 #aia true1 #aia ,keratodermia1 symmetric1 #aee ,keratoma1 #aee ,keratosis follicularis1 #aec palmaris et plantaris1 #aee pigmentosa1 #afj pilaris1 #aea1 #aeb senilis1 #bcf ,kerion1 #bee ,land scurvy1 #ade ,larva nigrans1 #bgh ,lentigo1 #adh ,leontiasis1 #bcc ,lepra1 #bca-bce ,leprosy1 #bca anaesthetic1 #bcc ,lombardian1 #bce tubercular1 #bcb ,leptus1 #bgg ,lesions1 #bb configuration of1 #bd consecutive1 #bc distribution of1 #bd elementary1 #bb primary1 #bb secondary1 #bc ,leucoderma1 #agh ,leucopathia1 #agh ,lichen moniliformis1 #ih pilaris1 #aea planus1 #ih hypertrophicus1 #ih ruber1 #ii acuminatus1 #ii scrofulosus1 #ajj tropicus1 #gd urticatus1 #ec ,linae albicantes1 #aij ,linear naevus1 #afc scarification1 #bjh ,liomyoma cutis1 #aif ,liquor carbonic detergens1 #aac picis alkalinus1 #aaf ,lombardian leprosy1 #bce ,louse1 body 7pediculus corporis71 #bgd clothes 7pediculus corporis71 #bgd crab1 #bge head 7pediculus capitis71 #bgb ,lousiness1 #bga ,lupoid acne1 #abi sycosis1 #aca ,lupus1 #bjc erythematodes1 #aii erythematosus1 #aii-bjc exedens1 #bjc exfoliativus1 #bjc exulcerans1 #bjc hypertrophicus1 #bjd sebaceous1 #aii ulcerations1 #bjc verrucosus1 #bjd vorax1 #bjc vulgaris1 #bjc-bjh ,lymphangiectodes1 #aih ,lymphangioma1 #aih tuberosum multiplex1 #aih ,lymphangiomyoma1 #aif ,maculae1 #bb et striae atrophicae1 #aij ,macules1 #bb ,madura foot1 #bab ,malignant papillary dermatitis1 #bdj pustule1 #gb ,medicinal eruptions 7dermatitis medicamentosa71 #fj ,melanoderma1 #adi ,melanosarcoma1 #bdb ,melasma1 #adi ,mercury1 eruptions from1 #fb ,microsporon audouini1 #beh ,microsporon furfur1 #bfb minutissimum1 #bfe ,miliaria1 #gd-gf alba1 #ge crystallina1 #cj rubra1 #gd ,milium1 #db1 #dc needle1 #db ,milk crust1 #ajd ,mite1 harvest1 #bgg itch1 #bfi ,moist papule1 #baf1 #bag ,mole1 #afb ,molluscum contagiosum1 #aec epitheliale1 #aec-aee fibrosum1 #aib sebaceum1 #aec ,morphia1 eruptions from1 #fc ,morphoea1 #agb ,mosquito1 #bgi ,mucous patch1 #bag ,mycetoma1 #bab ,mycosis fungoides1 #bdb ,myoma1 #aif cutis1 #aif telangiectodes1 #aif ,naevus araneus1 #aih capillary1 #aif flammeus1 #aif linear1 #afc lipomatodes1 #afd pigmentosus1 #afb pilosus1 #afc1 #afh sanguineus1 #aif simplex1 #aif spider1 #aih spilus1 #afc tuberosus1 #aig vasculosus1 #aif venous1 #aig verrucosus1 #afc ,nail1 atrophy of1 #ahh hypertrophy of1 #afg ,necrotic granuloma1 #abi ,neoplasm1 inflammatory fungoid1 #bdb ,neoplasmata 7new growths71 #aia1 #bda ,nettlerash1 #eb ,neuralgia of the skin1 #bdd ,neuroma1 #aid ,neuroses1 #bdd-bdg ,new growths1 #aia-bdc ,nits1 #bgc ,objective symptoms1 #bb ,,oedema1 acute circumscribed1 #ed neonatorum1 #agj ,,oestrus1 #bgh ,ointment bases1 #bg ,onychatrophia1 #ahh ,onychauxis1 #afg1 #afh ,onychomycosis1 #ahh favosa1 #bdi ,opium1 eruptions from1 #fc ,oroya fever1 #gc ,osmidrosis1 #cb ,ova of pediculi1 #bgc ,pachydermia1 #agd ,paget's disease of the nipple1 #bdj ,papillae1 nervous and vascular1 #bj ,papulae1 #bc ,papule1 moist1 #baf1 #bag ,papules1 #bc ,parasitic affections1 #bdg-bgi sycosis1 #bee ,parasiticides1 #bej1 #bei ,parchment skin1 #aij ,paronychia1 #afg ,patch1 mucous1 #bag ,pediculosis1 #bga capillitii1 #bgb capitis1 #bgb1 #bgc corporis1 #bgd1 #bge pubis1 #bge1 #bgf ,pediculus capitis1 #bgb corporis1 #bgd pubis1 #bge vestimenti1 #bgd ,peliosis rheumatica1 #add ,pellagra1 #bce ,pemphigus1 #adj-add foliaceus1 #ada neonatorum1 #adj pruriginosus1 #hc vegetans1 #adb vulgaris1 #adj ,perforating ulcer of the foot1 #bac ,peruvian warts1 #gc ,phlegmona diffusa1 #fh ,phosphorescent sweat1 #cc ,phosphoridrosis1 #cc ,phtheiriasis1 #bga ,plan1 #gc ,pityriasis capitis1 #cd maculata et circinata1 #ie pilaris1 #aea rosea1 #ie1 #if rubra1 #ig ,pityriasis rubra pilaris1 #ii versicolor1 #bfa ,plasment1 #aag ,plaster-mull1 #aag ,podelcoma1 #bab ,poison dogwood1 dermatitis from1 #ei ivy1 dermatitis from1 #ei sumach1 dermatitis from1 #ei vine1 dermatitis from1 #ei ,pomphi1 #bc ,pompholyx1 #gf-gh ,port-wine mark1 #aig ,post-mortem pustule1 #gc ,prickly heat1 #gd ,primary lesions1 #bb1 #bc ,prurigo1 #aah1 #aai ,pruritus1 #bdd-bdg ani1 #bde hiemalis1 #bde scroti1 #bde senilis1 #bde vulvae1 #bde ,pseudochromidrosis1 #cc ,psoriasis1 #hf-ie circinata1 #hh diffusa1 #hh guttata1 #hh gyrata1 #hh inveterata1 #hh nummularis1 #hh punctata1 #hh syphilitica1 #bah ,psorospermosis1 #aec1 #aed1 #bdj ,pulex irritans1 #bgi penetrans1 #bgh ,punctate scarification1 #bjh ,purpura1 #add-adf haemorrhagica1 #ade ,henoch's1 #ade1 #adf rheumatica1 #add scorbutica1 #adf simplex1 #add urticans1 #add ,pustula maligna1 #gb ,pustulae1 #bc ,pustules1 #bc ,quinine1 eruptions from1 #fc ,rapidity of cure1 #bg ,raynaud's disease1 #ff ,recurrent summer eruption1 #hj ,red chromidrosis1 #cc gum1 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sicca1 #cd ,secondary lesions1 #bc1 #bd ,shingles1 #ha ,skin1 anatomy of1 #ag cancer1 #bcf general idiopathic atrophy of1 #ahi glossy1 #ahi looseness of1 #agf ,skin1 parchment1 #aij ,spider naevus1 #aih ,spiradenitis1 #acj ,spontaneous gangrene1 #fe ,spots1 #bb ,squamae1 #bd ,stains1 #bd ,statistics1 #bhj1 #bha ,steatoma1 #dc ,steatorrhoea1 #cc ,stramonium1 eruptions from1 #fc ,striae et maculae atrophicae1 #aij ,strophulus1 #gd albidus1 #db ,subjective symptoms1 #bb ,sudamen1 #cj1 #ca ,superfluous hair1 #afh ,sweat1 colored 7chromidrosis71 #cb glands1 #bh phosphorescent1 #cc ,sweating1 excessive1 #bh ,sycosis1 #acj-ace coccogenica1 #acj non-parasitica1 #acj parasitic1 #bee vulgaris1 #acj ,symmetric gangrene1 #ff keratodermia1 #aee ,symptomatology1 #bb-bf ,symptoms1 objective1 #bb subjective1 #bb systemic1 #bb ,syphilis cutanea1 #bac-bca early eruptions of1 #bac late eruptions of1 #bad papillomatosa1 #bbe hereditary1 #bbg eruptions of1 #bbg of the skin1 #bac-bca ,syphiloderm1 #bac acne-form1 #bbj annular1 #bai bullous1 #bbb1 #bbh circinate1 #bai ecthyma-form1 #bba erythematous1 #bad1 #bbg gummatous1 #bbe impetigo-form1 #bbj large acuminated-pustular1 #bbj flat-pustular1 #bba papular1 #baf lenticular1 #baf macular1 #bad1 #bbg miliary papular1 #bae pustular1 #bai non-ulcerating tubercular1 #bbd palmar1 #bag1 #bah papular1 #bae1 #bbg papulo-squamous1 #bah plantar1 #bah pustular1 #bai serpiginous tubercular1 #bbd small acuminated-pustular1 #bai flat-pustular1 #bbj papular1 #bae squamous1 #bah tubercular1 #bbc1 #bbd ulcerating tubercular1 #bbd variola-form1 #bbj vegetating1 #bah ,syphiloderma1 #bac ,syphiloma1 #bbe ,tar acne1 #abj ,tattoo-marks1 removal of1 #aea ,telangiectasis1 #abg1 #aig1 #aih ,tetter1 #ajj ,tinea circinata1 #bea favosa1 #bdg-bea fungus of1 #bdi unguium1 #bdi imbricata1 #bfa kerion1 #bee sycosis1 #bee tonsurans1 #bec trichophytina1 #bea-bfa barbae1 #bee capitis1 #bec corporis1 #bea cruris1 #beb fungus of1 #beh unguium1 #bec versicolor1 #bfb-bfe fungus of1 #bfb ,tokelau ringworm1 #bfa ,traumaticin1 #id ,trichophyton1 #beh ,trichorrhexis nodosa1 #ahg ,tubercles1 #bc ,tubercula1 #bc ,tuberculosis cutis1 #bji-baa of the skin1 #bjc ,tuberculosis verrucosa cutis1 #bji1 #baj ,tumor1 sebaceous1 #dc ,tumors1 #bc ,turpentine1 eruptions from1 #fc ,tyloma1 #aee ,tylosis1 #aee ,ulcer1 perforating1 of foot1 #bac rodent1 #bcf ,ulcera1 #bd ,ulerythema sycosiforme1 #aca ,uridrosis1 #cc ,urticaria1 #eb-ef bullosa1 #ed chronic1 #ec factitia1 #eb haemorrhagica1 #ed oedematosa1 #ed papulosa1 #ed tuberosa1 #ed giant1 #ed pigmentosa1 #ei vesicular1 #ed ,venereal wart1 #afa ,verruca1 #afj-afb acuminata1 #afa digitata1 #afj filiformis1 #afj necrogenica1 #baa plana1 #afj juvenilis1 #afj senilis1 #afj vulgaris1 #afj ,verruga peruana1 #gc ,vesicles1 #bc ,vesiculae1 #bc ,vitiligo1 #agh-ahj ,vitiligoidea1 #aie ,vleminckx's solution1 #abi ,wart1 #afj ,peruvian1 #gc pointed1 #afa venereal1 #afa ,wen1 #dc ,wheals1 #bc ,wood-tick1 #bgg ,wound dissection1 #gc ,xanthelasma1 #aie ,xanthelasmoidea1 #ef ,xanthoma1 #aie1 #aif diabeticorum1 #aie multiplex1 #aie planum1 #aie tuberculatum1 #aie tuberosum1 #aie ,xeroderma1 #afe ,xeroderma pigmentosum1 #aij ,x-ray dermatitis1 #fc ,yaws1 #gc ,zona1 #ha ,zoster1 #ha ,,saunders' ,,books --------- on --------- ,,gynecology and ,,obstetrics 99 99 99 99 99 ,w4 ,b4 ,,saunders ,,company #ibe ,walnut ,street ,philadelphia #i1 ,henrietta ,street ,covent ,garden1 ,london ,,saunders' ,,text-,,books ,,continue ,,to ,,gain ,the list of text-books recommended in the various colleges again shows a decided gain for the ,saunders publications4 ,during the present college year1 in the list of recommended books published by #afd colleges 7the other #bc have not published lists71 the ,saunders books are mentioned #cbgh times1 as against #cjed the previous year--an increase of #bbd4 ,in other words1 in each of the medical colleges in this country an average of #bj 7#ah-b_/e the previous year7 of the teaching books employed are publications issued by ,w4 ,b4 ,saunders ,company4 ,that this increase is not due alone to the publication of new text-books1 but rather to a most gratifying increase in the recommendation of text-books recognized as standards1 is at once evident from the following3 ,ashton's ,gynecology shows an increase of #ai2 ,da,costa's ,surgery1 an increase of #ab2 ,hirst's ,obstetrics1 #ad2 ,howell's ,physiology1 #be2 ,jackson on the ,eye1 #af2 ,sahli's ,diagnostic ,methods1 #aa2 ,scudder's ,fractures1 #aa2 ,stengel's ,pathology1 #ac2 ,stelwagon on the ,skin1 #aa4 ,these are but examples of similar remarkable gains throughout the entire list1 and is undoubted evidence that the ,saunders text-books are recognized as the best4 ,a ,complete ,catalogue of our ,publications will be ,sent upon ,request ,bandler's ,medical ,gynecology 99 99 99 99 99 ,medical ,gynecology4 ,by ,s4 ,wyllis ,bandler1 ,m4,d41 ,adjunct4 ,professor of ,diseases of ,women1 ,new ,york ,post-,graduate ,medical ,school and ,hospital4 ,octavo of #fhj pages1 with #ace original illustrations4 ,cloth1 #e4jj net2 ,half ,morocco1 #f4ej net4 ,,just ,,ready--,,exclusively ,,medical ,,gynecology ,this new work by ,dr4 ,bandler is just the book that the physician engaged in general practice has long needed4 ,it is truly the practitioner's gynecology--planned for him1 written for him1 and illustrated for him4 ,there are many gynecologic conditions that do not call for operative treatment2 yet1 because of lack of that special knowledge required for their diagnosis and treatment1 the general practitioner has been unable to treat them intelligently4 ,this work gives just the information the practitioner needs4 ,it not only deals with those conditions amenable to non-operative treatment1 but it also tells how to recognize those diseases demanding operative treatment1 so that the practitioner will be enabled to advise his patient at a time when operation will be attended with the most favorable results4 ,the chapter on ,pessaries is especially full and excellent1 the proper manner of introducing the pessary being clearly described and illustrated with original pictures that show plainly the correct technic of this procedure4 ,the chapters on ,vaginal and ,abdominal ,massage1 and particularly that on ,artificial ,hyperemia and ,anemia1 are extremely valuable to the practitioner4 ,they express the very latest advances in these methods of treatment4 ,hydrotherapy1 especially the ,ferguson and ,nauheim baths1 are treated in extenso1 and ,electrotherapy receives the full consideration its importance merits4 ,pain as a symptom and its alleviation is dealt with in an unusually practical way1 its value as an aid in diagnosis being emphasized4 ,gonorrhea and ,syphilis and their many complications are treated in detail1 every care being taken to have these sections--of special interest to the practitioner--complete in every particular4 ,other chapters of great importance are those on ,constipation1 ,sterility1 ,associated ,nervous ,conditions in ,gynecology1 and ,pregnancy and ,abortion4 ,kelly and ,noble's ,gynecology and ,abdominal ,surgery ,gynecology and ,abdominal ,surgery4 ,edited by ,howard ,a4 ,kelly1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,gynecology in ,johns ,hopkins ,university2 and ,charles ,p4 ,noble1 ,m4,d41 ,clinical ,professor of ,gynecology in the ,woman's ,medical ,college1 ,philadelphia4 ,two imperial octavo volumes of #ijj pages each1 containing #fej illustrations1 mostly original4 ,per volume3 ,cloth1 #h4jj net2 ,half ,morocco1 #i4ej net4 ,,both ,,volumes ,,now ,,ready ,,with #fej ,,original ,,illustrations ,,by ,,hermann ,,becker ,,and ,,max ,,broedel ,in view of the intimate association of gynecology with abdominal surgery the editors have combined these two important subjects in one work4 ,for this reason the work will be doubly valuable1 for not only the gynecologist and general practitioner will find it an exhaustive treatise1 but the surgeon also will find here the latest technic of the various abdominal operations4 ,it possesses a number of valuable features not to be found in any other publication covering the same fields4 ,it contains a chapter upon the bacteriology and one upon the pathology of gynecology1 dealing fully with the scientific basis of gynecology4 ,in no other work can this information1 prepared by specialists1 be found as separate chapters4 ,there is a large chapter devoted entirely to medical gynecology1 written especially for the physician engaged in general practice4 ,heretofore the general practitioner was compelled to search through an entire work in order to obtain the information desired4 ,abdominal surgery proper1 as distinct from gynecology1 is fully treated1 embracing operations upon the stomach1 upon the intestines1 upon the liver and bile-ducts1 upon the pancreas and spleen1 upon the kidney1 ureter1 bladder1 and the peritoneum4 ,special attention has been given to modern technic and illustrations of the very highest order have been used to make clear the various steps of the operations4 ,indeed1 the illustrations are truly magnificent1 being the work of ,mr4 ,hermann ,becker and ,mr4 ,max ,broedel1 of the ,johns ,hopkins ,hospital4 ,ashton's ,practice of ,gynecology 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,practice of ,gynecology4 ,by ,w4 ,easterly ,ashton1 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,professor of ,gynecology in the ,medico-,chirurgical ,college1 ,philadelphia4 ,handsome octavo volume of #ajif pages1 containing #ajeg original line drawings4 ,cloth1 #f4ej net2 ,half ,morocco1 #h4jj net4 ,,recently ,,issued--,,new 7#c;d7 ,,edition ,,three ,,editions ,,in ,,eighteen ,,months ,three editions of this work have been demanded in eighteen months4 ,among the new additions are3 ,colonic lavage and flushing1 ,hirst's treatment for vaginismus1 ,dudley's treatment of cystocele1 ,montgomery's round ligament operation1 ,chorio-epithelioma of the ,uterus1 ,passive ,incontinence of the ,urine1 and ,moynihan's methods in ,intestinal ,anastomosis4 ,nothing is left to be taken for granted1 the author not only telling his readers in every instance what should be done1 but also precisely how to do it4 ,a distinctly original feature of the book is the illustrations1 numbering about one thousand line drawings made especially under the author's personal supervision from actual apparatus1 living models1 and dissections on the cadaver4 ,these line drawings show in detail the procedures and operations without obscuring their purpose by unnecessary and unimportant anatomic surroundings4 ,howard ,a4 ,kelly1 ,m4,d4 ,professor of ,gynecology1 ,johns ,hopkins ,university4 ,it is different from anything that has as yet appeared4 ,the illustrations are particularly clear and satisfactory4 ,one specially good feature is the pains with which you describe so many details so often left to the imagination4 ,charles ,b4 ,penrose1 ,m4,d41 ,formerly ,professor of ,gynecology1 ,university of ,pennsylvania4 ,i know of no book that goes so thoroughly and satisfactorily into all the details of everything connected with the subject4 ,in this respect your book differs from the others4 ,george ,m4 ,edebohls1 ,m4,d4 ,professor of ,diseases of ,women1 ,new ,york ,post-,graduate ,medical ,school4 ,i have looked it through and must congratulate you upon having produced a text-book most admirably adapted to teach gynecology to those who must get their knowledge1 even to the minutest and most elementary details1 from books4 ,webster's ,diseases of ,women 99 99 99 99 99 ,diseases of ,women4 ,by ,j4 ,clarence ,webster1 ,m4,d4 7,edin471 ,f4,r4,c4,p4,e41 ,professor of ,gynecology and ,obstetrics in ,rush ,medical ,college4 ,octavo of #gab pages1 with #cgb illustrations4 ,cloth1 #g4jj net2 ,half ,morocco1 #h4ej net4 ,,recently ,,issued--,,for ,,the ,,practitioner ,dr4 ,webster has written this work especially for the general practitioner1 discussing the clinical features of the subject in their widest relations to general practice rather than from the standpoint of specialism4 ,the magnificent illustrations1 three hundred and seventy-two in number1 are nearly all original4 ,drawn by expert anatomic artists under ,dr4 ,webster's direct supervision1 they portray the anatomy of the parts and the steps in the operations with rare clearness and exactness4 ,howard ,a4 ,kelly1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,gynecology1 ,johns ,hopkins ,university4 ,it is undoubtedly one of the best works which has been put on the market within recent years1 showing from start to finish ,dr4 ,webster's well-known thoroughness4 ,the illustrations are also of the highest order4 99 99 99 99 99 ,webster's ,obstetrics ,a ,text-,book of ,obstetrics4 ,by ,j4 ,clarence ,webster1 ,m4,d4 7,edin471 ,professor of ,obstetrics and ,gynecology in ,rush ,medical ,college4 ,octavo of #gfg pages1 illustrated4 ,cloth1 #e4jj net2 ,half ,morocco1 #f4ej net4 ,,recently ,,issued ,medical ,record1 ,new ,york ,the author's remarks on asepsis and antisepsis are admirable1 the chapter on eclampsia is full of good material1 and 444 the book can be cordially recommended as a safe guide4 ,cullen's ,uterine ,adenomyoma 99 99 99 99 99 ,uterine ,adenomyoma4 ,by ,thomas ,s4 ,cullen1 ,m4,d41 ,associate ,professor of ,gynecology1 ,johns ,hopkins ,university4 ,octavo of #bge pages1 with original illustrations by ,hermann ,becker and ,august ,horn4 ,cloth1 #e4jj net4 ,,just ,,ready ,dr4 ,cullen's large clinical experience and his extensive original work along the lines of gynecologic pathology have enabled him to present his subject with originality and precision4 ,the work gives the early literature on adenomyoma1 traces the disease through its various stages1 and then gives the detailed findings in a large number of cases personally examined by the author4 ,formerly the physician and surgeon were unable to determine the cause of uterine bleeding1 but after following closely the clinical course of the disease1 ,dr4 ,cullen has found that the majority of these cases can be diagnosed clinically4 ,the results of these observations he presents in this work4 ,the entire subject of adenomyoma is dealt with from the standpoint of the pathologist1 the clinician1 and the surgeon4 ,the superb illustrations are the work of ,mr4 ,hermann ,becker and ,mr4 ,august ,horn1 of the ,johns ,hopkins ,hospital4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,american ,text-,book of ,obstetrics ,recently ,issued--,new 7#b;d7 ,edition ,the ,american ,text-,book of ,obstetrics4 ,in two volumes4 ,edited by ,richard ,c4 ,norris1 ,m4,d42 ,art ,editor1 ,robert ,l4 ,dickinson1 ,m4,d4 ,two octavos of about #fjj pages each2 nearly #ijj illustrations1 including #di colored and half-tone plates4 ,per volume3 ,cloth1 #c4ej net2 ,half ,morocco1 #d4ej net4 ,american ,journal of the ,medical ,sciences ,as an authority1 as a book of reference1 as a 'working book' for the student or practitioner1 we commend it because we believe there is no better4 ,hirst's ,diseases of ,women 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,text-,book of ,diseases of ,women4 ,by ,barton ,cooke ,hirst1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,obstetrics1 ,university of ,pennsylvania2 ,gynecologist to the ,howard1 the ,orthopedic1 and the ,philadelphia ,hospitals4 ,octavo of #gde pages1 #gja illustrations1 many in colors4 ,cloth1 #e4jj net2 ,half ,morocco1 #f4ej net4 ,,recently ,,issued--,,new 7#b;d7 ,,edition ,,with #gja ,,original ,,illustrations ,the new edition of this work has just been issued after a careful revision4 ,as diagnosis and treatment are of the greatest importance in considering diseases of women1 particular attention has been devoted to these divisions4 ,to this end1 also1 the work has been magnificently illuminated with #gja illustrations1 for the most part original photographs and water-colors of actual clinical cases accumulated during the past fifteen years4 ,the palliative treatment1 as well as the radical operative1 is fully described1 enabling the general practitioner to treat many of his own patients without referring them to a specialist4 ,the author's extensive experience renders this work of unusual value4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,opinions ,,of ,,the ,,medical ,,press 99 99 99 99 99 ,medical ,record1 ,new ,york ,its merits can be appreciated only by a careful perusal4444 ,nearly one hundred pages are devoted to technic1 this chapter being in some respects superior to the descriptions in many text-books4 ,boston ,medical and ,surgical ,journal ,the author has given special attention to diagnosis and treatment throughout the book1 and has produced a practical treatise which should be of the greatest value to the student1 the general practitioner1 and the specialist4 ,medical ,news1 ,new ,york ,office treatment is given a due amount of consideration1 so that the work will be as useful to the non-operator as to the specialist4 ,hirst's ,text-,book of ,obstetrics ,new 7#eth7 ,edition1 ,revised 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,text-,book of ,obstetrics4 ,by ,barton ,cooke ,hirst1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,obstetrics in the ,university of ,pennsylvania4 ,handsome octavo1 #hii pages1 with #gdf illustrations1 #ci in colors4 ,cloth1 #e4jj net2 ,sheep or ,half ,morocco1 #f4ej net4 ,,recently ,,issued ,immediately on its publication this work took its place as the leading text-book on the subject4 ,both in this country and abroad it is recognized as the most satisfactorily written and clearly illustrated work on obstetrics in the language4 ,the illustrations form one of the features of the book4 ,they are numerous and the most of them are original4 ,in this edition the book has been thoroughly revised4 ,more attention has been given to the diseases of the genital organs associated with or following childbirth4 ,many of the old illustrations have been replaced by better ones1 and there have been added a number entirely new4 ,the work treats the subject from a clinical standpoint4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,opinions ,,of ,,the ,,medical ,,press 99 99 99 99 99 ,british ,medical ,journal ,the popularity of ,american text-books in this country is one of the features of recent years4 ,the popularity is probably chiefly due to the great superiority of their illustration over those of the ,english text-books4 ,the illustrations in ,dr4 ,hirst's volume are far more numerous and far better executed1 and therefore more instructive1 than those commonly found in the works of writers on obstetrics in our own country4 ,bulletin of ,johns ,hopkins ,hospital ,the work is an admirable one in every sense of the word1 concisely but comprehensively written4 ,the ,medical ,record1 ,new ,york ,the illustrations are numerous and are works of art1 many of them appearing for the first time4 ,the author's style1 though condensed1 is singularly clear1 so that it is never necessary to re-read a sentence in order to grasp the meaning4 ,as a true model of what a modern text-book on obstetrics should be1 we feel justified in affirming that ,dr4 ,hirst's book is without a rival4 ,penrose's ,diseases of ,women ,sixth ,revised ,edition 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,text-,book of ,diseases of ,women4 ,by ,charles ,b4 ,penrose1 ,m4,d41 ,ph4,d41 formerly ,professor of ,gynecology in the ,university of ,pennsylvania2 ,surgeon to the ,gynecean ,hospital1 ,philadelphia4 ,octavo volume of #eej pages1 with #bbe fine original illustrations4 ,cloth #c4ge net4 ,,just ,,issued ,regularly every year a new edition of this excellent text-book is called for1 and it appears to be in as great favor with physicians as with students4 ,indeed1 this book has taken its place as the ideal work for the general practitioner4 ,the author presents the best teaching of modern gynecology1 untrammeled by antiquated ideas and methods4 ,in every case the most modern and progressive technique is adopted1 and the main points are made clear by excellent illustrations4 ,the new edition has been carefully revised1 much new matter has been added1 and a number of new original illustrations have been introduced4 ,in its revised form this volume continues to be an admirable exposition of the present status of gynecologic practice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,personal ,,and ,,press ,,opinions 99 99 99 99 99 ,howard ,a4 ,kelly1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,gynecology and ,obstetrics1 ,johns ,hopkins ,university1 ,baltimore4 ,i shall value very highly the copy of ,penrose's ',diseases of ,women' received4 ,i have already recommended it to my class as ,the ,best book4 ,l4,e4 ,montgomery1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,gynecology1 ,jefferson ,medical ,college1 ,philadelphia4 ,the copy of ',a ,text-,book of ,diseases of ,women' by ,penrose received to-day4 ,i have looked over it and admire it very much4 ,i have no doubt it will have a large sale1 as it justly merits4 ,bristol ,medico-,chirurgical ,journal ,this is an excellent work which goes straight to the mark4444 ,the book may be taken as a trustworthy exposition of modern gynecology4 ,,get ,,the ,,new ,,the ,,best ,american ,,standard ,illustrated ,dictionary ,recently ,issued--,new 7#dth7 ,edition 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,american ,illustrated ,medical ,dictionary4 ,a new and complete dictionary of the terms used in ,medicine1 ,surgery1 ,dentistry1 ,pharmacy1 ,chemistry1 and kindred branches2 with over #ajj new and elaborate tables and many handsome illustrations4 ,by ,w4,a4 ,newman ,dorland1 ,m4,d41 ,editor of ,the ,american ,pocket ,medical ,dictionary4 ,large octavo1 #hej pages1 bound in full flexible leather4 ,price1 #d4ej net2 with thumb index1 #e4jj net4 ,gives a ,maximum ,amount of ,matter in a ,minimum ,space1 and at the ,lowest ,possible ,cost ,,with #bjjj ,,new ,,terms ,the immediate success of this work is due to the special features that distinguish it from other books of its kind4 ,it gives a maximum of matter in a minimum space and at the lowest possible cost4 ,though it is practically unabridged1 yet by the use of thin bible paper and flexible morocco binding it is only #a-a_/d inches thick4 ,in this new edition the book has been thoroughly revised1 and upward of two thousand new terms have been added1 thus bringing the book absolutely up to date4 ,the book contains hundreds of terms not to be found in any other dictionary1 over #ajj original tables1 and many handsome illustrations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,personal ,,opinions 99 99 99 99 99 ,howard ,a4 ,kelly1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,gynecology1 ,johns ,hopkins ,university1 ,baltimore4 ,dr4 ,borland's dictionary is admirable4 ,it is so well gotten up and of such convenient size4 ,no errors have been found in my use of it4 ,j4 ,collins ,warren1 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,c4,s4 7,hon47 ,professor of ,surgery1 ,harvard ,medical ,school4 ,i regard it as a valuable aid to my medical literary work4 ,it is very complete and of convenient size to handle comfortably4 ,i use it in preference to any other4 ,garrigues' ,diseases of ,women ,third ,edition1 ,thoroughly ,revised 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,text-,book of ,diseases of ,women4 ,by ,henry ,j4 ,garrigues1 ,a4,m41 ,m4,d41 ,gynecologist to ,st4 ,mark's ,hospital and to the ,german ,dispensary1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,handsome octavo1 #gef pages1 with #cfg engravings and colored plates4 ,cloth1 #d4ej net2 ,sheep or ,half ,morocco1 #f4jj net4 ,the first two editions of this work met with a most appreciative reception by the medical profession both in this country and abroad4 ,in this edition the entire work has been carefully and thoroughly revised1 and considerable new matter added1 bringing the work precisely down to date4 ,many new illustrations have been introduced1 thus greatly increasing the value of the book both as a text-book and book of reference4 ,thad4 ,a4 ,reamy1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,gynecology1 ,medical ,college of ,ohio4 ,one of the best text-books for students and practitioners which has been published in the ,english language2 it is condensed1 clear1 and comprehensive4 ,the profound learning and great clinical experience of the distinguished author find expression in this book4 99 99 99 99 99 ,american ,text-,book of ,gynecology ,american ,text-,book of ,gynecology4 ,medical and ,surgical4 ,edited by ,j4,m4 ,baldy1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,gynecology1 ,philadelphia ,polyclinic4 ,imperial octavo of #gah pages1 with #cda text-illustrations and #ch plates4 ,cloth1 #f4jj net2 ,half ,morocco1 #g4ej net4 ,,second ,,revised ,,edition ,this volume is thoroughly practical in its teachings1 and is intended to be a working text-book for physicians and students4 ,many of the most important subject are considered from an entirely new standpoint1 and are grouped together in a manner somewhat foreign to the accepted custom4 ,boston ,medical and ,surgical ,journal ,the most complete exponent of gynecology that we have4 ,no subject seems to have been neglected4 ,dorland's ,modern ,obstetrics 99 99 99 99 99 ,modern ,obstetrics3 ,general and ,operative4 ,by ,w4,a4 ,newman ,dorland1 ,a4,m41 ,m4,d41 ,assistant ,instructor in ,obstetrics1 ,university of ,pennsylvania2 ,associate in ,gynecology in the ,philadelphia ,polyclinic4 ,handsome octavo volume of #gig pages1 with #bja illustrations4 ,cloth1 #d4jj net4 ,second ,edition1 ,revised and ,greatly ,enlarged ,in this edition the book has been entirely rewritten and very greatly enlarged4 ,among the new subjects introduced are the surgical treatment of puerperal sepsis1 infant mortality1 placental transmission of diseases1 serum-therapy of puerperal sepsis1 etc4 ,journal of the ,american ,medical ,association ,this work deserves commendation1 and that it has received what it deserves at the hands of the profession is attested by the fact that a second edition is called for within such a short time4 ,especially deserving of praise is the chapter on puerperal sepsis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,davis' ,obstetric and ,gynecologic ,nursing ,obstetric and ,gynecologic ,nursing4 ,by ,edward ,p4 ,davis1 ,a4,m41 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,obstetrics in the ,jefferson ,medical ,college and ,philadelphia ,polyclinic2 ,obstetrician and ,gynecologist1 ,philadelphia ,hospital4 #abmo of #dcf pages1 illustrated4 ,buckram1 #a4ge net4 ,,just ,,issued--,,third ,,revised ,,edition ,this volume gives a very clear and accurate idea of the manner to meet the conditions arising during obstetric and gynecologic nursing4 ,the third edition has been thoroughly revised4 ,the ,lancet1 ,london ,not only nurses1 but even newly qualified medical men1 would learn a great deal by a perusal of this book4 ,it is written in a clear and pleasant style1 and is a work we can recommend4 ,schaeffer and ,edgar's ,labor and ,operative ,obstetrics 99 99 99 99 99 ,atlas and ,epitome of ,labor and ,operative ,obstetrics4 ,by ,dr4 ,o4 ,schaeffer1 of ,heidelberg4 ,from the ,fifth ,revised and ,enlarged ,german ,edition4 ,edited1 with additions1 by ,j4 ,clifton ,edgar1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,obstetrics and ,clinical ,midwifery1 ,cornell ,university ,medical ,school1 ,new ,york4 ,with #ad lithographic plates in colors1 #aci other illustrations1 and #aaa pages of text4 ,cloth1 #b4jj net4 ,in ,saunders' ,hand-,atlas ,series4 ,this book presents the act of parturition and the various obstetric operations in a series of easily understood illustrations1 accompanied by a text treating the subject from a practical standpoint4 ,american ,medicine ,the method of presenting obstetric operations is admirable4 ,the drawings1 representing original work1 have the commendable merit of illustrating instead of confusing4 99 99 99 99 99 ,schaeffer and ,edgar's ,obstetric ,diagnosis and ,treatment ,atlas and ,epitome of ,obstetric ,diagnosis and ,treatment4 ,by ,dr4 ,o4 ,schaeffer1 of ,heidelberg4 ,from the ,second ,revised ,german ,edition4,edited1 with additions1 by ,j4 ,clifton ,edgar1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,obstetrics and ,clinical ,midwifery1 ,cornell ,university ,medical ,school1 ,n4,y4 ,with #abb colored figures on #ef plates1 #ch text-cuts1 and #cae pages of text4 ,cloth1 #c4jj net4 ,in ,saunders' ,hand-,atlas ,series4 ,this book treats particularly of obstetric operations1 and1 besides the wealth of beautiful lithographic illustrations1 contains an extensive text of great value4 ,this text deals with the practical1 clinical side of the subject4 ,new ,york ,medical ,journal ,the illustrations are admirably executed1 as they are in all of these atlases1 and the text can safely be commended1 not only as elucidatory of the plates1 but as expounding the scientific midwifery of to-day4 ,schaeffer and ,norris' ,gynecology 99 99 99 99 99 ,atlas and ,epitome of ,gynecology4 ,by ,dr4 ,o4 ,schaeffer1 of ,heidelberg4 ,from the ,second ,revised and ,enlarged ,german ,edition4 ,edited1 with additions1 by ,richard ,c4 ,norris1 ,a4,m41 ,m4,d41 ,assistant ,professor of ,obstetrics in the ,university of ,pennsylvania4 #bjg colored figures on #ij plates1 #fe text-cuts1 and #cjh pages of text4 ,cloth1 #c4ej net4 ,in ,saunders' ,hand-,atlas ,series4 ,american ,journal of the ,medical ,sciences ,of the illustrations it is difficult to speak in too high terms of approval4 ,they are so clear and true to nature that the accompanying explanations are almost superfluous4 ,we commend it most earnestly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,galbraith's ,four ,epochs of ,woman's ,life ,second ,revised ,edition--,recently ,issued ,the ,four ,epochs of ,woman's ,life3 ,a ,study in ,hygiene4 ,by ,anna ,m4 ,galbraith1 ,m4,d41 ,fellow of the ,new ,york ,academy of ,medicine1 etc4 ,with an ,introductory ,note by ,john ,m4 ,musser1 ,m4,d4 ,professor of ,clinical ,medicine1 ,university of ,pennsylvania4 #ab mo of #bdg pages4 ,cloth #a4ej net4 ,,maidenhood1 ,,marriage1 ,,maternity1 ,,menopause ,in this instructive work are stated1 in a modest1 pleasing1 and conclusive manner1 those truths of which every woman should have a thorough knowledge4 ,written1 as it is1 for the laity1 the subject is discussed in language readily grasped even by those most unfamiliar with medical subjects4 ,birmingham ,medical ,review1 ,england ,we do not as a rule care for medical books written for the instruction of the public4 ,but we must admit that the advice in ,dr4 ,galbraith's work is in the main wise and wholesome4 ,schaeffer and ,webster's ,operative ,gynecology ,atlas and ,epitome of ,operative ,gynecology4 ,by ,dr4 ,o4 ,schaeffer1 of ,heidelberg4 ,edited1 with additions1 by ,j4 ,clarence ,webster1 ,m4,d4 7,edin471 ,f4,r4,c4,p4,e41 ,professor of ,obstetrics and ,gynecology in ,rush ,medical ,college1 in affiliation with the ,university of ,chicago4 #db colored lithographic plates1 many text-cuts1 a number in colors1 and #ach pages of text4 ,in ,saunders' ,hand-,atlas ,series4 ,cloth1 #c4jj net4 ,,recently ,,issued ,much patient endeavor has been expended by the author1 the artist1 and the lithographer in the preparation of the plates for this ,atlas4 ,they are based on hundreds of photographs taken from nature1 and illustrate most faithfully the various surgical situations4 ,dr4 ,schaeffer has made a specialty of demonstrating by illustrations4 ,medical ,record1 ,new ,york ,the volume should prove most helpful to students and others in grasping details usually to be acquired only in the amphitheater itself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,de,lee's ,obstetrics for ,nurses ,obstetrics for ,nurses4 ,by ,joseph ,b4 ,de,lee1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,obstetrics in the ,northwestern ,university ,medical ,school1 ,chicago2 ,lecturer in the ,nurses' ,training ,schools of ,mercy1 ,wesley1 ,provident1 ,cook ,county1 and ,chicago ,lying-in ,hospitals4 #abmo of #eab pages1 fully illustrated4 ,cloth1 #b4ej net4 ,,just ,,issued--,,new 7#c;d7 ,,edition ,while ,dr4 ,de,lee has written his work especially for nurses1 the practitioner will also find it useful and instructive1 since the duties of a nurse often devolve upon him in the early years of his practice4 ,the illustrations are nearly all original and represent photographs taken from actual scenes4 ,the text is the result of the author's many years' experience in lecturing to the nurses of five different training schools4 ,j4 ,clifton ,edgar1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,obstetrics and ,clinical ,midwifery1 ,cornell ,university1 ,new ,york4 ,it is far and away the best that has come to my notice1 and ,i shall take great pleasure in recommending it to my nurses1 and students as well4 ,american ,pocket ,dictionary ,recently issued--#eth ,ed4 ,the ,american ,pocket ,medical ,dictionary4 ,edited by ,w4,a4 ,newman ,dorland1 ,a4,m41 ,m4,d41 ,assistant ,obstetrician to the ,hospital of the ,university of ,pennsylvania2 ,fellow of the ,american ,academy of ,medicine4 ,with #egh pages4 ,full leather1 limp1 with gold edges1 #a4jj net2 with patent thumb index1 #a4be net4 ,james ,w4 ,holland4 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,chemistry and ,toxicology1 at the ,jefferson ,medical ,college1 ,philadelphia4 ,i am struck at once with admiration at the compact size and attractive exterior4 ,i can recommend it to our students without reserve4 ,cragin's ,gynecology ,recently ,issued--,new 7#fth7 ,ed4 ,essentials of ,gynecology4 ,by ,edwin ,b4 ,cragin1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,obstetrics1 ,college of ,physicians and ,surgeons1 ,new ,york4 ,crown octavo1 #bdj pages1 #fb illustrations4 ,cloth1 #a4jj net4 ,in ,saunders' ,question-,compend ,series4 ,the ,medical ,record1 ,new ,york ,a handy volume and a distinct improvement on students' compends in general4 ,no author who was not himself a practical gynecologist could have consulted the student's needs so thoroughly as ,dr4 ,cragin has done4 ,boisliniere's ,obstetric ,accidents1 ,emergencies1 and ,operations ,obstetric ,accidents1 ,emergencies1 and ,operations4 ,by the late ,l4 ,ch4 ,boisliniere1 ,m4,d41 ,emeritus ,professor of ,obstetrics1 ,st4 ,louis ,medical ,college2 ,consulting ,physician1 ,st4 ,louis ,female ,hospital4 #cha pages1 illustrated4 ,cloth1 #b4jj net4 ,british ,medical ,journal ,it is clearly and concisely written1 and is evidently the work of a teacher and practitioner of large experience4 ,its merit lies in the judgment which comes from experience4 ,ashton's ,obstetrics ,recently ,issued--,new 7#fth7 ,ed4 ,essentials of ,obstetrics4 ,by ,w4 ,easterly ,ashton1 ,m4,d41 ,professor of ,gynecology in the ,medico-,chirurgical ,college1 ,philadelphia4 ,crown octavo1 #beb pages1 #ge illustrations4 ,cloth1 #a4jj net4 ,in ,saunders' ,question-,compend ,series4 ,southern ,practitioner ,an excellent little volume1 containing correct and practical knowledge4 ,an admirable compend1 and the best condensation we have seen4 ,barton and ,wells' ,medical ,thesaurus ,a ,thesaurus of ,medical ,words and ,phrases4 ,by ,wilfred ,m4 ,barton1 ,m4,d41 ,assistant to ,professor of ,materia ,medica and ,therapeutics1 ,georgetown ,university1 ,washington1 ,d4,c42 and ,,walter ,a4 ,,wells1 ,m4,d41 ,demonstrator of ,laryngology1 ,georgetown ,university1 ,washington1 ,d4,c4 #abmo of #ecd pages4 ,flexible leather1 #b4ej net2 with thumb index1 #c4jj net4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's note3 ,changed dioxid to dioxide in several places ,made hyphenation of various words consistent ,page #gd3 ,corrected misspelling of ,phlegmona ,page #ace3 ,corrected misspelling of quantity ,page #ach3 changed '1' to '4' at end of sentence ,page #bjh3 aquae rosae changed to aquae rosae ,page #baj3 ,fixed typographical error symptyms into symptoms ,page #bab3 ,fixed typographical error ,decribe mycetoma into ,describe mycetoma ,page #bac3 ,fixed typographical error iodid into iodide