,a ,disc\rse   ,,( ,a   ,,me?od   ,= !  
well guid+ (   ,,reason1   ,& !         
,discov]y ( ,tru?   ,9 !   ,,sci5ces4   
,illu/ration    ,,london1   ,pr9t$ by   
,?omas ,newcombe4   ,,mdcxlix4     ,to !
 ,und]/&+ ,,read]4  ,! ,great ,,desc>tes
 7:o may ju/ly *all5ge ! fir/ place     
among/ ! ,philosoph]s ( ?is ,age7 is !  
,au?or ( ?is ,disc\rse2 :i* 9 !         
,orig9all 0 s well kn[n1 ,t x c\ld be no
 mans b 8 own1 t 8 ,"n 0 n affix'd to x3
 ,i ne$ say no m ei!r ( ,him or ,x2 ,he 
is be/ made kn[n by ,himself1 & 8       
,writ+s want no?+ b ?y read+ to comm5d  
!m4 ,b z ^? :o _c compasse ! ,orig9als (
 ,titian & ,van-,dyke1 are glad to      
adorne _! ,cab9ets ) ! ,copies ( !m2 ,s 
be pleas$ fav\rably to receive 8        
,picture f my h&1 copi$ aft] 8 own      
,designe3 ,y may !re9 obs]ve ! l9es ( a 
well =m'd ,m9de1 ,! hightn+s ( ,tru?1 ,!
 sweetn+s & %ad[+s ( ,probabilities1 ,! 
falls & dep?s ( ,fal%ood2 all :i* s]ve  
to p]fect ?is ,ma/]piece4 ,n[ al?\gh my 
aft]-draught be rude & unpoli%$1 & t    

p]haps ,i h t\*'d x too boldly1 ,!      
?\ghts ( s cle> a ,m9de1 be+ s extremely
 f9e1 ,t z ! *oise/ words are too       
grosse1 & fall %ort fully to expresse   
su* sublime ,notions2 ,s x _c be1 b be+ 
transve/$1 x mu/ necess>ily lose v mu* (
 its native ,lu/re3 ,nay1 al?\gh ,i am  
consci\s 7not)/&+ ! c>e ,i h tak5 nei!r 
to wrong ! ,au?\rs ,s5se1 nor (f5d !    
,read]s ,e>7 ( _m escapes :i* ,i h made2
 yet ,i s little d\bt ( be+ excus$1 ,t  
,i am confid5t1 my endeav\r _c b be     
gratefull to all ,lov]s ( ,le>n+2 = ^:  
b5efit ,i h ,engli%$1 & to :om ,i       
addresse ?is ,essay1 :i* conta9s a      
,me?od1 by ! ,rules :]e( we may ,%ape   
our bett] "p1 ,rectifie our ,reason1 ,=m
 our ,mann]s & ,squ>e our ,actions1     
,adorn our ,m9des1 & mak+ a dilig5t     
,enquiry into ,nature1 wee may atta9 to 
! ,k ( ! ,tru?1 :i* is ! mo/ desirable  
union 9 ! ,_w4  ,our ,au?\r also invites
 all lett]d m5 to 8 assi/ance 9 !       
prosecution ( ?is ,se>*2 ,t = ! good (  
,mank9de1 ,!y w\ld practise &           

communicate ,exp]im5ts1 = ! use ( all ^?
 :o lab\r = ! p]fection ( ,arts &       
,sci5ces3 ,e man n[ be+ oblig$ to !     
fur!rance ( s b5eficiall an ,und]tak+1  
,i c\ld n b l5d my h& to op5 ! ,curta91 
& discov] ?is ,new ,model ( ,philosophy2
 :i* ,i n[ publi%1 nei!r to hum\r !     
pres5t1 nor disgu/ =m] times2 b r t x   
may s]ve = an innoc5t ,div]tisem5t to   
^?1 :o w\ld r ,re=m !mselves1 !n ! re/ (
 ! _w2 & :o1 hav+ ! same se$s & gr\nds1 
& kn[+ ,t !re is no?+ ,new "u ! ,sun2 ,t
 ,novelty is b ,oblivion1 & t ,k is b   
,remembrance1 w /udy to f9de out 9      
!mselves1 & re/ore to ,po/]ity ^? lo/   
,arts1 :i* r5d] ,antiquity s v5]able2 & 
/rive 7if x be possible7 to g beyond !m 
9 o!r ?+s1 z well z ,"t3 ,:o m9de n ^?  
?+s :i* are above1 beyond1 or )\t !m2 b 
w\ld r limit _! desires by _! p[]1 !n   
*ange ! ,c\rse ( ,nature2 ,:o seek ! k1 
& lab\r = ! ,conque/ ( !mselves2 ,:o h  
,v]tue en\gh to make _! own ,=tune2 ,&  
:o pref] ! ,culture ( ! ,m9de be=e !    
,adorn+ ( ! ,body2 ,to su* z ^! ,i      

pres5t ?is ,disc\rse 7^: p>don ,i beg1 =
 hav+ s long deta9'd !m f s desirable a 
,conv]sation27 & conclude ) ?is ,advice 
( ! ,div9e ,plato3      ,cogita 9 te1   
praet] ,animum1 nihil esse mirabile4    
,a ,,disc\rse ,,( ,a ,,me?od1 ,= !      
wel-guid+ ( ,reason2 ,,& ,! discov]y (  
,tru? 9 ! ,,sci5ces4   ,if ?is ,disc\rse
 seem too long to be read at once1 x may
 be divid$ into six p>ts4 ,9 ! fir/1 are
 div]s ,consid]ations t\*+ ! ,sci5ces4  
,9 ! second1 ! pr9cipall ,rules ( t     
,me?od :i* ! ,au?or ha? /udy$4 ,9 !     
?ird1 "s ( ^? 9 morality1 :i* he ha?    
drawn f ?is ,me?od4 ,9 ! f\r?1 ! reasons
 :]eby ! exi/5ce ( ,god & ( ! humane    
,s\l is prov$2 :i* are ! gr\nds ( 8     
,metaphysicks4 ,9 ! fift1 ! ord] ( ^!   
,physicall que/ions1 :i* he ha? exam9$1 
& p>ticul>ly ! explication ( ! he>ts    
motion2 ) "s o!r difficulties relat+ to 
,physick2 z also ! diff]5ce betwe5 our  
,s\ls & ^? ( bea/s4 ,9 ! la/1 :at he    
conceives requisit to make a fur!r      
inquiry into ,nature1 !n ha? hi!rto be5 

made4 ,& :at reasons induc'd him to     
write4     ,,"p4 ,i4   ,"r und]/&+ is ! 
mo/ equally divid$ ?+ 9 ! ,_w2 = e "o   
beleevs himself s well /or'd ) x1 t ev5 
^? :o 9 all o!r ?+s are ! h>de/ to be   
pleas'd1 seldom desire m ( x !n !y h2   
:]e9 x is n likely t all ,m5 are        
deceiv$3 ,b x r witnesse?1 ,t ! faculty 
( "r-judg+ & di/+ui%+ tru? f fal%ood    
7:i* is prop]ly call'd1 ,und]/&+ or     
,reason7 is naturally equal 9 all ,m54  
,& z ! div]sity ( our ,op9ions1 is n1   
because "s are m reasonable !n o!rs2 b  
only t we direct our ?\ghts sev]al ways1
 nei!r d we consid] ! same ?+s4 ,= 'tis 
n en\gh to h good faculties1 b !        
pr9cipal is1 to apply !m well4 ,!       
greate/ ,s\ls are z capable ( ! greate/ 
,vices1 z ( ! mo/ em95t ,v]tues3 ,& ^?  
:o move b v sl[ly1 may advance mu* f>!r1
 if !y always foll[ ! "r way2 !n ^? :o  
run & /raggle f x4  ,= my "p1 ,i nev]   
presum'd t my ,m9de 0 m p]fect 9 any ?+ 
!n an ord9>y ,mans2 nay1 ,i h (t5 wi%'d 
to h _h my ?\ghts z quick1 my imag9ation

 z cle> & di/9ct1 & my memory z l>ge & z
 ready z "s o!r ,m5 h _h4 ,& ,i "k no   
,qualities :i* s]ve m !n ^? to !        
p]fection ( ! ,m9de2 = z = ,reason or   
,und]/&+1 =asmu* z x is ! only ?+ :i*   
makes u ,m51 & di/+ui%e? u f bea/s1 ,i w
 beleeve x to be entire 9 e ,"o1 & foll[
 h]e9 ! common op9ion ( ! ,philosoph]s1 
:o say1 ,t !re is only m or less among !
 ,accid5ts1 & n among/ ! ,=ms or nature 
( ! ,individuals ( "o species4  ,b ,i   
%all n /ick to say1 ,t ,i beleeve my    
self v happy1 9 hav+ enc\ntr$ f my y\? )
 c]ta9 ways :i* h l$ me to consid]ations
 & ,maximes1 f :i* ,i h f\nd a ,me?od2  
:]eby me?9ks1 ,i h ! means by degrees to
 augm5t my kn[l$g1 & by little & little 
to raise x up to ! highe/ pit*1 :]eto ! 
meaness ( my capacity1  ! %ort c\rse (  
my life c p]mit x to atta94 ,= ,i h     
already reap$ su* fruits f x1 t al?\gh 9
 ! judgm5t ,i make ( my self1 ,i endev\r
 always r to incl9e to mi/ru/1 !n to    
presumption4 ,& look+ on ! div]s actions
 & und]tak+s ( all ,m51 ) ! eye ( a     

,philosoph]1 !re is almo/ none :i* to me
 seems n va9 & useless4 ,yet ,i am      
extremely satisfi$ ) ! ,progress1 :i* 7z
 x seems to me7 ,i h already made 9 !   
se>* ( ,tru?1 & d conceive su* hopes = !
 future1 ,t if among ! employm5ts ( ,m51
 purely ,m51 !re is any solidly good1 & 
( importance1 ,i d>e beleeve x is t :i* 
,i h *os53 ,yet x may be t ,i deceive my
 self1 & p]haps x is b a little ,copp] &
 ,glass :i* ,i take = ,gold & ,diamonds4
 ,i "k h[ subject we are to mi/ake 9 ^? 
?+s :i* conc]n u1 & h[ jeal\s we ought  
to be ( ! judgm5t ( our fri5ds1 :5 x is 
9 our favor4 ,b ,i %\ld will+ly 9 ?is   
,disc\rse1 trace out unto y ! ways :i*  
,i h foll[$1 & repres5t !re9 my life1 z 
9 a ,picture1 to ! end1 t e "o may judge
 !re(2 & t le>n+ f common ,fame1 :at m5s
 op9ions are ( x1 ,i may f9de a new     
means ( in/ruct+ my self2 :i* ,i %all   
add to ^? :i* ,i cu/om>ily make use (4  
,nei!r is x my design to tea* a ,me?od  
:i* e ,man ought to foll[1 = ! good     
conduct ( 8 reason2 b only to %ew aft]  

:at mann] ,i h endev\r$ to ord] m9e own4
 ,^? :o und]take to give precepts1 ought
 to e/eem !mselves m able1 !n ^? to :om 
!y give !m1 & are blame-wor?y1 if !y    
fail 9 ! lea/4 ,b propos+ ?is b z a     
,hi/ory1 or if y w h x s1 b z a ,fable2 
:]e9 among/ o!r examples1 :i* may be    
imitat$1 we may p]haps f9d div]s o!rs   
:i* we may h reason to decl9e3 ,i hope x
 w be pr(itable to "s1 )\t be+ hurtfull 
to any2 & t ! lib]ty ,i take w be       
gratefull to all4  ,i h be5 br$ up to   
,lett]s f m9e infancy2  because ,i 0    
p]swad$1 t by _! means a man might      
acquire a cle> & c]ta9 kn[l$g ( all t's 
usefull = ?is life1 ,i 0 extremely      
desir\s to le>n !m3 ,b z soon z ,i _h   
f9i%'d all ! c\rse ( my ,/udies1 at !   
end :]e( ,m5 are usually receiv'd among/
 ! rank ( ! le>n$4 ,i :olly *ang$ my    
op9ion1 = ,i f\nd my self intangl$ 9 s  
_m d\bts & errors1 t me ?\ght ,i _h made
 no o!r pr(it 9 seek+ to in/ruct my     
self1 b t ,i _h ! m discov]$ m9e own    
ignorance4 ,yet ,i 0 9 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s 

,s*ools 9 ,europe2 :]e ,i ?\ght1 if !re 
7 any on e>?1 !re ought to h be5 le>n$  
,m54 ,i _h le>nt all :at o!rs _h le>nt2 
ev5 unsatisfi$ ) ! ,sci5ces :i* 7 taught
 u1 ,i _h read ov] all ,books 7:i* ,i   
c\ld possibly procure7 treat+ ( su* z   
are held to be ! r>e/ & ! mo/ curi\s4   
,)all1 ,i knew ! judgm5t o!rs made ( me2
 & ,i p]ceiv'd t ,i 0 no less e/eem'd !n
 my fell[ ,/ud5ts1 al?\gh !re 7 "s      
among/ !m t 7 de/9'd to fill our ,ma/]s 
rooms4 ,& 9 f9e1 our age seem'd to me z 
fl\ri%+ & z f]tile ( good ,wits1 z any (
 ! prec$+1 :i* made me take ! lib]ty to 
judg ( all o!r m5 by my self1 & to ?9k1 
,t !re 0 no su* le>n+ 9 ! _w1 z =m]ly ,i
 _h be5 made beleeve4  ,yet did ,i      
cont9ue ! e/eem ,i _h ( ^? ex]cises :i* 
are ! employm5ts ( ! ,s*ools3 ,i knew t 
,languages :i* are !re le>nt1 are       
necess>y = ! und]/&+ ( anci5t ,writ]s1  
,t ! qua9tness ( ,fables awak5s ! ,m9de2
 ,t ! memorable actions 9 ,hi/ory raise 
x up1 & t be+ read ) discretion1 !y help
 to =m ! judgm5t4 ,t ! read+ ( good     

books1 is l ! conv]sation ) ! hone/e/   
p]sons ( ! pa/ age1 :o 7 ! ,au?ors ( !m1
 & ev5 a /udy$ conv]sation1 :]e9 !y     
discov] to u ! be/ only ( _! ?\ghts4 ,t 
eloqu5ce ha? =ces  beauties :i* are     
incomp>able4 ,t ,poetry ha? delicacies &
 sweets extremly ravi%+2 ,t !           
,ma!maticks ha? mo/ subtile inv5tions1  
:i* v mu* conduce aswel to cont5t !     
curi\s1 z to facilitate all arts1 & to  
less5 ! lab\r ( ,m53 ,t ^? writ+s :i*   
treat ( mann]s conta9 div]s in/ructions1
 & exhortations to v]tue1 :i* are v     
usefull4 ,t ,!ology tea*e? ! way to     
heav52 ,t ,philosophy af=ds u ! means to
 speake ( all ?+s ) probability1 & makes
 h] self admir'd1 by ! lea/ kn[+ ,m54 ,t
 ,law1 ,physick & o!r sci5ces br+ honor 
& ri*es to ^? :o practice !m2 ,f9ally t 
its good to h exam9'd !m all ev5 !      
false/ & ! mo/ sup]/iti\s1 t we may     
discov] _! j value1 & pres]ve our selves
 f _! *eats4  ,b ,i ?\ght ,i _h sp5t "t 
en\gh 9 ! languages1 & ev5 also 9 !     
lecture ( anci5t books1 _! hi/ories & _!

 fables4 ,= 'tis ev5 ! same ?+ to       
conv]se ) ^? ( =m] ages1 z to travel4   
,its good to "k some?+ ( ! mann]s (     
sev]all ,nations1 t we may n ?9k t all  
?+s aga9/ our ,mode are ridicul\s or    
unreasonable1 z ^? are wont to d1 :o h  
se5 ,no?+4 ,b :5 we employ too long "t 9
 travell1 we at la/ become /rang]s to   
our own ,c\ntry1 & :5 we are too curi\s 
( ^? ?+s1 :i* we practis$ 9 =m] times1  
we commonly rema9 ignorant ( ^? :i* are 
n[ 9 use4 ,besides1 ,fables make u      
imag9e div]s ev5ts possible1 :i* are n  
s3 ,& t ev5 ! mo/ fai?full ,hi/ories1 if
 !y nei!r *ange or augm5t ! value ( ?+s1
 to r5d] !m ! m wor?y to be read1 at    
lea/1 !y always omit ! base/ & less     
rem>kable circum/ances2 :5ce x is1 t !  
re/ seems n z x is2 & t ^? :o =m _!     
,mann]s by ! examples !y !nce d]ive1 are
 subject to fall into ! extravagancies (
 ! ,palad9s ( our ,romances1 & to       
conceive designes beyond _! abilities4  
,i highly priz'd ,eloqu5ce1 & 0 9 love )
 ,poetry2 b ,i e/eem'd bo? ! "o & ! o!r1

 r gifts ( ! ,m9de1 !n ! fruits ( /udy4 
,^? :o h ! /ronge/ reason+ faculties1 & 
:o be/ dige/ _! ?\ghts1 to r5d] !m ! m  
cle> & intelligible1 may always ! bett] 
p]swade :at !y propose1 al?\gh !y %\ld  
speak b a corrupt dialect1 & _h nev]    
le>nt ,rhetorick3 ,& ^? ^: inv5tions are
 mo/ pleas+1 & c express !m ) mo/       
ornam5t & sweetness1 w /ill be ! be/    
,poets2 al?\gh ignorant ( ! ,art (      
,poetry4  ,beyond all1 ,i 0 mo/ pleas'd 
) ! ,ma!maticks1 = ! c]ta9ty & evid5ce (
 ! reasons !re(2 b ,i did n yet obs]ve  
_! true use1 & ?9k+ t x s]v$ only =     
,me*anick ,arts2 ,i wondr$1 t s9ce !    
gr\nds !re( 7 s firm & solid1 t no?+ m  
sublime _h be5 built !reon4 ,z on !     
contr>y1 ,i comp>'d ! writ+s ( ! ,anci5t
 hea!n :i* treat$ ( ,mann]1 to mo/ pr\d 
& /ately ,palaces :i* 7 built only on s&
 & mire1 !y raise ! v]tues v high1 &    
make !m appe> e/imable above all ! ?+s 9
 ! _w2 b !y doe n suffici5tly in/ruct u 
9 ! kn[l$g ( !m1 & (t5 :at !y call by t 
fair ,"n1 is b a /upidness1 or an act ( 

pride1 or ( despair1 or a p>icide4  ,i  
rev]5c'd our ,!ology1 & pret5d$ to heav5
 z mu* z any2 ,b hav+ le>nt z a mo/     
c]ta9 ,tru?1 t ! way to x1 is no less   
op5 to ! mo/ ignorant1 !n to ! mo/      
le>n$2 & t ^? reveal$ tru?s :i* l$ ?i!r1
 7 beyond our und]/&+1 ,i dur/ n submit 
to ! weakness ( my ratioc9ation4 ,& ,i  
?\ght1 t to und]take to exam9e !m1 & to 
succe$ 9 x1 requir'd "s extraord9>y     
assi/ance f heav51 & some:at m !n ,man4 
,i %all say no?+ ( ,philosophy1 b t see+
 x ha? be5 cultivat$ by ! mo/ excell5t  
wits1 :i* h liv'd ^! _m ages1 & t yet   
!re is no?+ :i* is undisput$1 & by      
consequ5ce1 :i* is n d\btfull4 ,i c\ld n
 presume s f>1 z to hope to succe$ bett]
 !n o!rs4 ,& consid]+ h[ _m diff]5t     
op9ions !re may be on ! same ?+1        
ma9ta9'd by le>n$ ,m51 & yet t !re nev] 
c be b "o only ,tru?1 ,i reput$ almo/   
all false1 :i* _h no m !n probability 9 
x4  ,z = o!r ,sci5ces1 s9ce !y borr[ _! 
,pr9ciples f ,philosophy1 ,i judg'd t   
no?+ :i* 0 solid c\ld be built ^u su*   

uns\nd f\ndations2 & nei!r hon\r nor    
weal? 7 suffici5t to invite me to ! /udy
 ( !m4 ,= 7,i ?ank ,god7 ,i f\nd n my   
self 9 a condition :i* oblig$ me to make
 a ,trade ( ,lett]s = ! relief ( my     
=tune4 ,& al?\gh ,i made x n my         
pr(ession to despise glory ) ! ,cynick2 
yet did ,i little value t :i* ,i c\ld n 
acquire b by false pret5ces4 ,& la/ly1 =
 unw>rantable ,/udies1 ,i ?\ght ,i      
already too well und]/ood :at !y 71 to  
be any m subject to be deceiv$1 ei!r by 
! promises ( an ,al*ymi/1 or by !       
pr$ictions ( an ,a/rolog]1 or by !      
impo/ures ( a ,magician1 or by !        
artifice or brags ( ^? :o pr(ess to "k m
 !n !y d4  ,by reason :]e(1 z soon z my 
ye>s fre$ me f ! subjection ( my        
,tutors1 ,i :olly gave ov] ! /udy (     
,lett]s1 & resolv+ to seek no o!r k b   
:at ,i c\ld f9de 9 my self1 or 9 ! great
 book ( ! ,_w1 ,i imploy$ ! re/ ( my y\?
 9 ,travell1 to see ,c\rts & ,armies1 to
 frequ5t p ( sev]all humors &           
conditions1 to ga9 exp]i5ce1 to haz>d my

 self 9 ^? enc\nt]s ( =tune :i* %\ld    
occurr2 & e-:]e to make su* a reflection
 on ^? ?+s :i* pres5t$ !mselves to me1 t
 ,i might draw pr(it f !m4 ,= 7me ?\ght7
 ,i c\ld meet ) f> m tru? 9 ! disc\rses 
:i* e man makes t\*+ ^? affairs :i*     
conc]n him1 ^: ev5t w\ld quickly condemn
 him1 if he _h judg'd amisse2 !n among/ 
^? :i* lett]'d ,m5 make 9 _! closets    
t\*+ speculations1 :i* produce no       
effect1 & are ( no consequ5ce to !m1 b t
 p]haps !y may ga9 s mu* ! m vanity1 z  
!y are f>!r diff]5t f ! common und]/&+3 
,=asmu* z he mu/ h imploy$ ! m wit &    
subtilty 9 endeav\r+ to r5d] !m         
probable4 ,& ,i _h always an extreme    
desire to le>n to di/+ui% ,tru? f       
,fal%ood1 t ,i might see cle]ly into my 
actions1 & passe ?is life ) assurance4  
,its true1 t :iles ,i did b consid] !   
,mann]s ( o!r m51 ,i f\nd little or no?+
 :]e9 ,i might confirm my self3 ,& ,i   
obs]v'd 9 !m ev5 z mu* div]sity z ,i _h 
f\nd be=e 9 ! op9ions ( ! ,philosoph]s3 
,s t ! greate/ pr(it ,i c\ld reap f !m  

01 t see+ div]s ?+s1 :i* al?\gh !y seem 
to u v extravagant & ridicul\s1 are     
nev]!less commonly receiv$ & approv$ by 
o!r great ,nations1 ,i le>n'd to beleeve
 no?+ too firmly1 ( :at _h be5 onely    
p]swad$ me by example or by cu/om1 & s  
by little & little ,i fre$ my self f _m 
errors1 :i* might eclipse our naturall  
light1 & r5d] u lesse able to compreh5d 
reason4 ,b aft] ,i _h imploy$ "s ye>s 9 
?us /udy+ ! ,book ( ! ,_w1 & endeav\r+  
to get exp]i5ce1 ,i took "o day a       
resolution to /udy also )9 my self1 & to
 employ all ! =ces ( my m9de 9 ! *oice (
 ! way ,i 0 to foll[3 :i* 7me ?\ght7    
succe$$ mu* bett]1 !n if ,i _h nev]     
e/rang$ my self f my ,c\ntry1 or f my   
,books4     ,,"p4 ,,ii4   ,i 0 !n 9     
,g]many1 :i!r ! occasion ( ! ,w>s 7:i*  
are n yet f9i%$7 call'd me2 & z ,i      
return'd f ! ,emp]ors ,coronation t[>ds 
! ,army1 ! beg9n+ ( ,w9t] /opt me 9 a   
place1 :]e f9d+ no conv]sation to div]t 
me & on ! o!r sides hav+ by good =tune  
no c>es nor passions :i* tr\bl$ me1 ,i  

/ayd alone ! :ole day1 %ut up 9 my      
,/ove1 :]e ,i _h leasure en\gh to       
ent]ta9 my self ) my ?\ghts4 ,among :i* 
"o ( ! fir/ 0 t ,i betook my self to    
consid]1 ,t (t times !re is n s mu*     
p]fection 9 works compos'd ( div]s      
peeces1 & made by ! h&s ( sev]all ma/]s1
 z 9 ^? t 7 wr\ght by "o only3 ,s we may
 obs]ve t ^? build+s :i* 7 und]tak5 &   
f9i%$ by "o onely1 are commonly fair] & 
bett] ord]$ !n ^? :i* div]s h lab\r$ to 
pat* up1 mak+ use ( old wals1 :i* 7     
built = o!r purposes2 ,s ^? anci5t      
,cities :i* ( bor\ghs1 became 9 a       
succession ( "t great ,t[ns1 are        
commonly s ill girt 9 comp>ison ( o!r   
regul> ,places1 :i* 7 design'd on a     
flatt accord+ to ! fancy ( an ,eng5e]2 &
 al?\gh consid]+ _! build+s sev]ally1 we
 (t5 f9d z mu* or m art1 !n 9 ^? ( o!r  
places2 ,yet to see h[ !y are rank'd "h 
a great "o1 !re a little "o1 & h[ !y    
make ! /reets crook$ & unev51 ,"o w\ld  
say1 ,t x 0 r ,=tune1 !n ! w ( ,m5 indu$
 ) reason1 t _h s dispos$ !m4 ,& if we  

consid]1 t !re ha? always be5 c]ta9     
,(fic]s1 ^: *>ge x 01 to take c>e (     
private build+s1 to make !m s]ve = !    
publique ornam5t2 ,we may well p]ceive1 
t x's v difficult1 work+ on ! works (   
o!rs1 to make ?+s compleat4 ,s also did 
,i imag9e1 t ^? p :o =m]ly _h be5 half  
wilde1 & civiliz'd b by degrees1 made _!
 laws b accord+ to ! incommodities :i*  
_! crimes & _! qu>rels con/ra9'd !m to1 
c\ld n be s wel pollic'd1 z ^? :o f !   
beg9n+ ( _! association1 obs]v'd !      
con/itutions ( "s prud5t ,legislator4 ,z
 x is v c]ta91 t ! /ate ( ! true        
,religion1 ^: ,ord9ances ,god alone ha? 
made1 mu/ be incomp>ably bett] regulat$ 
!n all o!rs4 ,& to speak ( humane ?+s1  
,i beleeve t if ,sp>ta ha? =m]ly be5 mo/
 fl\ri%+1 x 0 n by reason ( ! goodness (
 e ( _! laws 9 p>ticul>1 _m ( !m be+ v  
/range1 & ev5 contr>y to good mann]s1 b 
because !y 7 inv5t$ by "o only1 ,!y all 
t5d$ to ,"o ,end4 ,& s ,i ?\ght !       
sci5ces 9 ,books1 at lea/ ^? ^: reasons 
are b probable1 & :i* h no              

demon/rations1 hav+ be5 compos'd (1 & by
 little & little enl>g'd )1 ! op9ions ( 
div]s p]sons1 come n s ne> ! ,tru?1 z ^?
 simple reason+s :i* an und]/&+ ,man c  
naturally make1 t\*+ ^? ?+s :i* occurr4 
,& ,i ?\ght besides also1 ,t s9ce we h  
all be5 *ildr51 be=e we 7 ,m52 & t we   
mu/ h be5 a long "t gov]n'd by our      
appetites1 & by our ,tutors1 :o 7 (t5   
contr>y to "o ano!r1 & nei!r ( :i*      
alwayes c\nsel'd u = ! be/2 ,x's almo/  
impossible t our judgm5t c\ld be s cle> 
or s solid1 z x might h be51 _h we _h ! 
intire use ( our reason f ! "t ( our    
bir?1 & be5 always guid$ by x alone4    
,its true1 we doe n see ! h\ses ( a :ole
 ,t[n pull'd d[n purposely to re build  
!m ( ano!r fa%ion2 & to make ! /reets ! 
fair]2 ,b we (t5 see1 t div]s pull _!   
own d[n to set !m up aga91 & t ev5      
sometimes !y are =c'd !reunto1 :5 !y are
 9 dang] to fall ( !mselves1 & t _!     
f\ndations are n sure4 ,by :i* example  
,i p]swad$ my self1 t !re 0 no s5se = a 
p>ticul> p]son1 to design ! ,re=mation (

 a ,/ate1 *ang+ all f ! v f\ndations1 & 
subv]t+ all to r$ress x aga93 ,nor ev5  
also to re=m ! bodies ( ,sci5ces1 or !  
,ord]s already e/abli%$ 9 ! ,s*ools =   
tea*+ !m4 ,b z = all ! ,op9ions :i* ,i  
_h till !n receiv'd into my beleef1 ,i  
c\ld n doe bett] !n to und]take to      
expunge !m once = all1 t aft]w>ds ,i    
might place 9 _! /ead1 ei!r o!rs :i* 7  
bett]1 or ! same aga91 z soon z ,i %\ld 
h adju/$ !m to ! rule ( reason4 ,& ,i   
did confid5tly beleeve1 t by t means ,i 
%\ld succe$ mu* bett] 9 ! conduct ( my  
life1 !n if ,i built b on old           
f\ndations1 & only rely$ on ^?          
pr9ciples1 :i* ,i suff]'d my self to be 
p]swad$ to 9 my y\?1 )\t ev] exam9+ !   
,tru? ( !m4 ,= al?\gh ,i obs]v'd h]e9   
div]s difficulties1 yet 7 !y n )\t cure1
 nor comp>able to ^? :i* occurr 9 !     
re=mation ( ! lea/ ?+s belong+ to !     
publick3 ^! great bodies are too unweldy
 to be rais'd2 be+ ca/ d[n1 or to be    
held up :5 !y are %ak51 nei!r c _! falls
 be b ! heavye/4  ,z = _! imp]fections1 

if !y h any1 z ! only div]sity :i* is   
among/ !m1 is suffici5t to assure u t _m
 h4 ,cu/ome ha? 7)\t d\bt7 mu* sweetn$  
!m1 & ev5 x ha? made o!rs wave1 or      
ins5sibly correct a _m1 :]eto we c\ld n 
s well by prud5ce h giv5 a rem$y4 ,& 9  
f9e1 ,!y are alwayes m supportable1 !n  
_! *ange c be1 ,ev51 z ! great ,roads1  
:i* w9d+ by little & little betwixt     
m\nta9s1 become s pla9 & commodi\s1 )   
be+ (t5 frequ5t$1 t x's mu* bett] to    
foll[ !m1 !n to und]take to goe 9 a     
/rait l9e by climb+ ov] ! rocks1 &      
desc5d+ to ! bottom ( precipices4 ,:]e=e
 ,i c by no means approve ( ^? turbul5t 
& unquiet humors1 :o be+ nei!r call'd by
 bir? or =tune to ! manag+ ( publique   
affairs1 yet are alwayes =m+ 9 ,idea1 "s
 new ,re=mation4 ,& did ,i ?9k !re 7 !  
lea/ ?+ 9 ?is ,disc\rse1 :i* might r5d] 
me suspect$ ( t folly1 ,i %\ld be       
extremely sorry to suff] x to be        
publi%$2 ,i nev] _h any designe :i*     
int5d$ f>!r !n to re=m my own ?\ghts &  
to build on a f\ndation :i* 0 :olly m9e4

 ,b ?\gh ,i pres5t y "h ) a ,modell ( my
 "w1 because x ha? suffici5tly pleas$   
me2 ,i w\ld n !re=e c\nsell any "o to   
imitate x4 ,^? :om ,god ha? bett] endu$ 
) 8 graces1 may p]haps h m elevat$      
designes2 b ,i fe> me1 le/ already ?is  
be too bold = "s4 ,! resolution only (  
quitt+ all ^? op9ions :i* we h =m]ly    
receiv'd into our belief1 is n an       
example to be foll[$ by e ,"o2 & ! _w is
 almo/ compos'd b ( two sorts ( ,m51 to 
:om x's no wayes conv5i5t1 to wit1 ( ^?1
 :o beleev+ !mselves m able !n !y are1  
_c )-hold !mselves f precipitat+ _!     
judgm5ts1 nor h pati5ce en\gh to /e] all
 _! ?\ghts 9 an ord]ly c\rse4 ,:5ce x   
happ5s1 t if !y %\ld once take ! lib]ty 
to d\bt ( ^? pr9ciples :i* !y h already 
receiv$1 & to /ray f ! common road1 !y  
c\ld nev] keep ! pa? :i* leads /rait    
=w>ds1 & s1 w\ld /raggle all _! lives4  
,& ( su* :o hav+ reason & mode/y en\gh  
to judg t !y are less able to di/+ui%   
tru? f fal%ood !n o!rs1 f :om !y may    
receive in/ruction1 ought mu* r to be   

cont5t to foll[ o!r ,m5s op9ions1 r !n  
to seek aft] bett] !mselves4  ,& = my   
"p1 ,i _h und\bt$ly be5 ( ! numb] ( ^?  
latt]1 _h ,i nev] _h b "o ,ma/]1 or _h  
,i n kn[n ! disputes :i* h alwayes hapn$
 among/ ! mo/ le>n$4 ,= hav+ le>nt f ! v
 ,s*ool1 ,t "o c imag9 no?+ s /range or 
incr$ible1 :i* _h n be5 said by "s "o ( 
! ,philosoph]s2 ,& hav+ s9ce obs]v'd 9  
my travails1 ,t all ^? ^: op9ions are   
contr>y to ours1 are n !re=e b>b>\s or  
savage1 b t _m use z mu* or m reason !n 
we2 & hav+ consid]'d h[ mu* "o ,man ) 8 
own und]/&+1 br$ up f 8 *ildhood among !
 ,fr5* or ! ,dut*1 becomes diff]5t f :at
 he w\ld be1 _h he alwayes liv'd among/ 
! ,*9eses1 or ! ,cannibals3 ,& h[ ev5 9 
! fa%ion ( our ,clo!s1 ! same ?+ :i*    
pleas'd t5 ye>s s9ce1 & :i* p]haps wil  
please t5 ye>s h5ce1 seems n[ to u      
ridicul\s & extravagant4 ,s t x's mu* m 
,cu/ome & ,example :i* p]swades u1 !n   
any assur$ kn[l$g2 & not)/&+ t plurality
 ( voices is a pro( ( no validity1 9 ^? 
tru?s :i* are h>d to be discov]$2 = t   

x's mu* m likely = "o man alone to h met
 ) !m1 !n a :ole ,nation2 ,i c\ld *oose 
no ,man ^: op9ion 0 to be pref]r'd be=e 
ano!rs3 ,& ,i f\nd my self ev5 con/ra9'd
 to und]take ! conduct ( my self4  ,b z 
a man t walks alone1 & 9 ! d>k1 ,i      
resolv'd to goe s s(tly1 & use s mu*    
circumspection 9 all ?+s1 t ?\gh ,i     
advanc'd little1 ,i w\ld yet save my    
self f fall+4 ,nei!r w\ld ,i beg9 q to  
reject1 "s op9ions1 :i* =m]ly _h crept  
into my belief1 )\t ! cons5t ( my       
reason1 be=e ,i _h employ$ "t en\gh to  
=m ! project ( ! "w ,i und]took1 & to   
seek ! true ,me?od to br+ me to ! kn[l$g
 ( all ^? ?+s1 ( :i* my und]/&+ 0       
capable4  ,i _h a little /udy$1 be+ "y1 
( ! p>ts ( ,philosophy1 ,logick1 & ( !  
,ma!maticks1 ! ,analysis ( !            
,geometricians1 & ,algebra3 ,?ree arts  
or sci5ces :i* seem'd to contribute     
some:at conduc+ to my designe3 ,b exam9+
 !m1 ,i obs]v'd1 ,t z = ,logick1 its    
,sylogisms1 & ! greate/ "p ( its o!r    
,rules1 s]ve r to exp\nd to ano!r ! ?+s 

!y "k1 or ev5 z ,lullies art1 to speak )
 judgm5t ( ! ?+s we are ignorant (1 !n  
to le>n !m4 ,& al?\gh 9 effect x conta9 
div]s mo/ true & good precepts1 yet !re 
are s _m o!rs mix$ among/ !m1 ei!r      
hurtfull or sup]flu\s1 ,t x's ev5 z     
difficult to extract !m1 z 'tis to draw 
a ,diana or a ,m]cury out ( a lump (    
,m>ble1 :i* is n yet r\gh-hewn2 z = !   
,analysis ( ! ,anci5ts1 & ! ,algebra ( !
 ,mod]ns2 besides t1 !y ext5d only to   
matt]s v ab/ract1 & :i* seem to be ( no 
use2 ,! fir/ be+ alwayes s ty$ to !     
consid]ation ( figures1 ,t x _c ex]cise 
! und]/&+1 )\t v mu* tir+ ! imag9ation4 
,& 9 ! latt] !y h s subject$ !mselves to
 c]ta9 ,rules & cyph]s1 t !y h made a   
confus'd & obscure art :i* p]plexe? !   
m9de1 9 /ead ( a ,sci5ce to in/ruct x4  
,= ?is reason1 ,i ?\ght ,i ought to seek
 "s o!r ,me?od1 :i* compreh5d+ !        
advantages ( ^!1 !y might be exempt f _!
 defects4 ,& z ! multitude ( ,laws (t5  
furni%e? excuses = vice2 s a ,/ate is   
fair bett] polic'd1 :5 hav+ b a few1 !y 

are v /rictly obs]v'd !re93 ,s1 in/ead (
 ! great _m precepts :]e( ,logick is    
compos'd1 ,i ?\ght ^! f\r foll[+ w\ld be
 suffici5t = me1 if ,i took b a firm &  
con/ant resolution n once to fail 9 !   
obs]vation ( !m4  ,! fir/ 01 nev] to    
receive any ?+ = true1 b :at ,i evid5tly
 knew to be s2 t's to say1 ,c>efully to 
avoid ,precipitation & ,prev5tion1 & to 
admit no?+ m into my judgm5t1 b :at %\ld
 s cle>ly & di/9ctly pres5t x self to my
 m9de1 t ,i c\ld h no reason to d\bt (  
x4  ,! second1 to divide e ,"o ( ^!     
difficulties1 :i* ,i 0 to exam9e into z 
_m p>cels z c\ld be1 &1 z 0 requisite ! 
bett] to resolve !m4  ,! ?ird1 to lead  
my ?\ghts 9 ord]1 beg9n+ by ! mo/ simple
 objects1 & ! easie/ to be kn[n2 to rise
 by little & little1 z by /eps1 ev5 to !
 kn[l$g ( ! mo/ mixt2 & ev5 suppos+ an  
,ord] among ^? :i* naturally doe n      
prec$e "o ! o!r4  ,& ! la/1 to make e   
:]e su* exact calculations1 & su* g5]all
 reviews1 ,t ,i might be confid5t to h  
omitt$ ,no?+4  ,^? long *a9s ( reasons1 

7?\gh simple & easie7 :i* !             
,geometricians commonly use to lead u to
 _! mo/ difficult demon/rations1 gave me
 occasion to imag9e1 ,t all ?+s :i* may 
fall "u ! kn[l$g ( ,m51 foll[ "o ! o!r 9
 ! same mann]1 & s we doe only ab/a9 f  
receiv+ any "o = true1 :i* is n s1 &    
obs]ve alwayes ! "r ord] ( d$uc+ !m "o f
 ! o!r1 !re c be none s remote1 to :i*  
at la/ we %all n atta92 nor s hid1 :i*  
we %all n discov]4 ,nei!r 0 ,i mu*      
tr\bl$ to seek by :i* x behoov$ me to   
beg91 = ,i already knew1 t x 0 by ! mo/ 
simple1 & ! easie/ to be disc]n'd4 ,b   
consid]+1 t among/ all ^? :o =m]ly h    
s\ght ! ,tru? 9 ,le>n+1 none b !        
,ma!maticians only c\ld f9de any        
demon/rations1 t's to say1 any c]ta9 &  
evid5t reasons4 ,i d\bt$ n1 b t x 0 by !
 same t !y h exam9'd2 al?\gh ,i did hope
 = no o!r pr(it1 b only t !y w\ld       
accu/ome my ,m9de to n\ri% x self )     
,tru?s1 & n cont5t x self ) false       
,reasons4 ,b = all ?is1 ,i nev] int5d$  
to endev\r to le>n all ^? p>ticul>      

,sci5ces :i* we commonly call'd         
,ma!maticall2 ,& p]ceiv+1 t al?\gh _!   
objects 7 diff]5t1 yet did !y nev]!less 
agree altoge!r1 9 t !y consid] no o!r   
?+1 b ! div]s relations or proportions  
:i* are f\nd !re92 ,i ?\ght x !re=e     
bett] to exam9e ^? proportions 9 g5]all1
 & )\t support+ !m b 9 ^? subjects1 :i* 
might ! m easily s]ve to br+ me to !    
kn[l$g ( !m4 ,b )all1 )\t any wayes     
limit+ !m1 ,t ,i might aft]w>ds ! bett] 
sit !m to all o!rs :]eto !y might be    
apply$4 ,hav+ also obs]v'd1 ,t to "k !m1
 x w\ld be sometimes ne$full = me to    
consid] e "o 9 p>ticul>1 or sometimes   
only to re/ra9 !m1 or compreh5d _m      
toge!r2 ,i ?\ght1 t to consid] !m !     
bett] 9 p>ticul> ,i ought to suppose !m 
9 l9es1 = z mu* z ,i f9d no?+ m simple1 
nor :i* ,i c\ld m di/9ctly repres5t to  
my imag9ation1 & to my s5ces2 ,b to hold
 or compreh5d _m 9 "o1 ,i 0 oblig'd to  
expla9 !m by c]ta9 ,cyph]s ! %orte/ ,i  
possibly c\ld1 & t ,i %\ld !reby borr[ !
 be/ ( ! ,geometricall ,analysis1 & (   

,algebra1  s correct all ! defects ( !  
"o by ! o!r4  ,z 9 effect ,i d>e say1 ,t
 ! exact obs]vation ( ^? few precepts ,i
 _h *os51 gave me su* a facility to     
resolve all ! que/ions :]eto ^! two     
sci5ces ext5d2 ,t 9 two or ?ree mon?s   
space :i* ,i employ$ 9 ! exam9ation (   
!m1 hav+ begun by ! mo/ simple & mo/    
g5]all1 & e ,tru? :i* ,i f\nd be+ a rule
 :i* aft]w>ds s]v$ me to discov] o!rs2  
,i did n only compasse div]s tru?s :i*  
,i _h =m]ly judg$ mo/ difficult1 ,b me  
?\ght also t t[>ds ! end ,i c\ld det]m9 
ev5 9 ^? :i* ,i 0 ignorant (1 by :at    
means & h[ f>r x 0 possible to resolve  
!m4 ,:]e9 p]haps ,i %all n appe> to be v
 va9 if y consid]1 ,t !re be+ b "o tru? 
( e ?+1 :o ev] f9ds x1 kn[s z mu* ( x z 
"o c "k2 ,& t = example a *ild in/ruct$ 
9 ,ari?matick hav+ made an addition     
accord+ to 8 rules1 may be sure to h    
f\nd1 t\*+ ! sum he exam9$1 all :at !   
wit ( man c\ld f9de out4 ,9 a ^w ! me?od
 :i* tea*e? to fol[ a "r ord]1 & exactly
 to enum]ate all ! circum/ances ( :at we

 seek1 conta9s1 :atsoev] asc]ta9s !     
rules ( ,ari?matick4  ,b t :i* pleas'd  
me mo/ 9 ?is ,me?od 0 ! assurance ,i _h1
 :olly to use my reason1 if n p]fectly1 
at lea/ z mu* z x 0 9 my p[]2 ,besides  
?is1 ,i p]ceiv$ 9 ! practice ( x1 my    
m9de by little & little accu/om'd x self
 to conceive its objects m cle>ly &     
di/9ctly2 & hav+ n subject$ x to any    
p>ticul> matt]1 ,i promis$ my self to   
apply x also z pr(itable to !           
difficulties1 ( o!r sci5ces z ,i _h to  
,algebra3 ,n t ,i !re=e dur/ at fir/    
und]take to exam9e all :i* might pres5t 
!mselves1 = t 7 contr>y to ! ord] x     
prescribes4 ,b hav+ obs]v'd t all _!    
pr9ciples 7 to be borr[$ f ,philosophy1 
9 :i* ,i _h yet f\nd none t 7 c]ta91 ,i 
?\ght x 7 ne$full = me 9 ! fir/ place to
 endevor to e/abli% "s1 & t ?is be+ !   
mo/ important ?+ 9 ! _w1 :]e9           
precipitation & prev5tion 7 ! mo/ to be 
fe>$1 ,i %\ld n und]take to p]=me x1    
till ,i _h atta9'd to a rip] ,age !n    
,,xxiii4 :i* 0 !n m9e4 ,be=e ,i _h =m]ly

 employ$ a long "t 9 prep>+ my self     
!reunto1 aswel 9 root+ out ( my m9de all
 ! ill op9ions ,i _h be=e t "t receiv$1 
z 9 gett+ a /ock ( exp]i5ce to s]ve     
aft]w>ds = ! subject ( my reason+s1 & 9 
ex]cis+ my self always 9 ! ,me?od ,i _h 
prescrib$4 ,t ,i might ! m & m conf9e my
 self !re94     ,,"p4 ,,iii4   ,b z x is
 n en\gh to pull d[n ! h\se :]e we      
dwell1 be=e we beg9 to re-edify x1 & to 
make provision ( mat]ials & ar*itects1  
or p]=me t (fice our selves2 nor yet to 
h c>efully laid ! design ( x2 b we mu/  
also h provid$ our selves ( "s o!r place
 ( abode dur+ ! "t ( ! rebuild+3 ,s t ,i
 might n rema9 irresolute 9 my actions1 
:ile reason w\ld oblige me to be s 9 my 
judgm5ts1 & t ,i might cont9ue to live !
 mo/ happily ,i c\ld1 ,i =m'd = my own  
use 9 ! int]im a ,moral1 :i* consi/$ b (
 ?ree or f\r ,maximes1 :i* ,i %all      
communicate unto y4  ,! fir/ 0 to obey !
 lawes & cu/omes ( my ,c\ntry1 con/antly
 adha]+ to t ,religion :]e9 by ! grace (
 ,god ,i _h f m9e infancy b9 br$4 ,& 9  

all o!r ?+s behav+ my self accord+ to ! 
mo/ mod]ate op9ions & ^? :i* 7 f>!/ f   
excesse1 :i* 7 commonly receiv$ 9       
practice by ! mo/ judici\s ,m51 among/  
:om ,i 0 to live3 ,= beg9n+ f t v "t1 to
 reckon m9e own = no?+1 because ,i c\ld 
br+ !m all to ! te/1 ,i 0 confid5t ,i   
c\ld n d bett] !n foll[ ^? ( ! deepe/   
s5se2 & al?\gh p]haps !re are z und]/&+ 
m5 among/ ! ,p]sians or ,*9eses z among/
 u1 yet ,i ?\ght x 0 m fit to regulate  
my self by ^? ) :om ,i 0 to live1 & t ,i
 might truly "k :at _! op9ions 71 ,i 0 r
 to obs]ve :at !y practic'd1 !n :at !y  
taught4 ,n only by reason ( ! corruption
 ( our mann]s1 !re are b few :o w say1  
all !y beleeve1 b also because div]s are
 !mselves ignorant ( x2 = ! act ( !     
?\ght by :i* we beleeve a ?+1 be+       
diff]5t f t :]eby we "k t we believe x1 
! "o (t5 is )\t ! o!r4 ,& among/ div]s  
op9ions equally receiv'd1 ,i made *oise 
( ! mo/ mod]ate only1 z well because !y 
are always ! mo/ fit = practice1 &      
probably ! be/1 all excess be+ commonly 

ill2 ,z also t ,i might less err f ! "r 
way1 if ,i %\ld p]haps miss x1 !n if    
hav+ *os5 "o ( ! extremes1 x might prove
 to be ! o!r1 :i* ,i %\ld h foll[$4 ,&  
p>ticul>ly ,i plac'd among/ extremities1
 all ^? promises by :i* we som:at re/ra9
 our lib]ty4 ,n t ,i disapprov$ ! laws1 
:i* to cure ! incon/ancy ( weak m9ds1   
p]mit u :5 we h any good design1 or else
 = ! pres]vation ( ,comm]ce1 "o t is b  
indiff]5t1 to make v[s or contracts1 :i*
 oblige u to p]sev]e 9 !m3 ,b because ,i
 saw no?+ 9 ! _w rema9 always 9 ! same  
/ate2 & =m+ own p>ticul>1 promis$ my    
self to p]fect m & m my judgm5t1 & n to 
impair x1 ,i %\ld h ?\ght my self guilty
 ( a great fault aga9/ "r und]/&+1 if   
because ,i !n approv$ any ?+1 ,i 7 also 
aft]w>ds oblig'd to take x = good1 :5   
p]haps x ceas$ to be s1 or t ,i _h ceas$
 to e/eem x s4  ,my second ,maxime 01   
,to be ! mo/ con/ant & resolute 9 my    
actions t ,i c\ld2 & to foll[ ) no less 
p]sev]ance ! mo/ d\btfull op9ions1 :5 ,i
 _h once det]m9$ !m1 !n if !y _h be5 !  

mo/ c]ta94 ,imitat+ h]e9 ,travell]s1 :o 
hav+ lo/ _! way 9 a ,=re/1 ought n to   
w&]1 turn+ n[ ?is way1 & !n t1 & less to
 abide 9 "o place2 b /il advance /raight
 =w>ds1 t[>ds "o way1 & n to *ange on   
slight occasions1 al?\gh p]haps at fir/ 
,*ance only mov'd !m to det]m9e t *oice3
 ,= by t means1 if !y d n g directly    
:i!r !y desire1 !y w at lea/ arrive     
some:]e :]e !y w probably be bett] !n 9 
! mid/ ( a ,=re/4 ,s ! actions ( ?is    
life admitt+ (t5 ( no delay1 its a mo/  
c]ta9 ,tru?1 ,t :5 x is n 9 our p[] to  
disc]n ! true/ op9ions1 we are to foll[ 
! mo/ probable3 ,yea1 al?\gh we f9de no 
m probability 9 ! "o !n 9 ! o!r1 we yet 
ought to det]m9e "s way1 consid]+ !m    
aft]w>ds no m z d\btful 9 :at !y relate 
to practice2 b z mo/ true & c]ta92      
=asmu* z ! reason 0 s1 :i* made u       
det]m9e x4 ,& ?is 0 suffici5t = t "t to 
free me f all ! remorse & rep5tance :i* 
use? to p]plex ! consci5ces ( ^? weak & 
/agg]+ m9ds1 :i* incon/antly suff]      
!mselves to passe to ! practice ( ^? ?+s

 z good1 :i* !y aft]w>ds judge evill4   
,my ?ird ,maxime 01 ,to endev\r always r
 to conqu] my self !n ,=tune2 & to *ange
 my desires1 r !n ! ord] ( ! _w3 &      
g5]ally to accu/ome my self to beleeve1 
,t !re is no?+ :olly 9 our p[] b our    
?\ghts2 s t aft] we h done our be/1 t\*+
 ?+s :i* are )\t u1 all :ats want+ (    
success 9 respect ( u is absolutely     
impossible4 ,& ?is alone seem'd         
suffici5t to h9d] me f desir+ any ?+ :i*
 ,i c\ld n acquire1 & s to r5d] me      
cont5t4 ,= our w naturally mov+ u to    
desire no?+1 b ^? ?+s :i* our und]/&+   
pres5ts 9 "s mann] z possible1 c]ta9 x  
is1 t if we consid] all ! good :i* is   
)\t u1 z equally di/ant f our p[]1 we   
%\ld h no m regret = ! want ( ^? :i*    
seem due to our bir?s1 :5 )\t any fault 
( ours we %all be depriv$ ( !m1 !n we h 
9 want+ ! possessions ( ! ,k+doms ( ,*9a
 or ,mexico4 ,& mak+ 7z we say7 v]tue ( 
necessity1 we %\ld no m desire to be 9  
heal? be+ sick1 or free be+ 9 prison1 !n
 we n[ d1 to h bodies ( z incorruptible 

a matt] z diamonds1 or w+s to fly l     
birds4 ,b ,i confess1 t a long ex]cise1 
& an (t5 reit]at$ m$itation1 is necess>y
 to accu/om u to look on all ?+s ) t    
byass3 ,& ,i beleeve1 9 ?is pr9cipally  
consi/s1 ! secret ( ^? ,philosoph]s :o  
=m]ly c\ld snat* !mselves f ! ,empire ( 
,=tune1 & 9 spight ( pa9s & pov]ty1     
dispute felicity ) _! ,gods1 = imploy+  
!mselves incessantly 9 consid]+ ! b\nds 
:i* ,nature _h prescrib$ !m1 !y s       
p]fectly p]swad$ !mselves1 ,t no?+ 0 9  
_! p[] b _! ?\ghts1 t1 t onely 0 en\gh  
to h9d] !m f hav+ any affection = o!r   
?+s4 ,& !y dispos$ s absolutely ( !m1 t 
!re9 !y _h "s reason to e/eem !mselves m
 ri* & p[]full1 m free & happy !n any   
o!r m52 :o want+ ?is ,philosophy1 ?\gh  
!y 7 nev] s mu* fav\r$ by ,nature &     
,=tune1 c\ld nev] dispose ( all ?+s s   
well z !y desir$4  ,la/ly1 ,to conclude 
^! ,morals1 ,i ?\ght fit to make a      
review ( m5s sev]all imploym5ts 9 ?is   
life1 t ,i might endeav\r to make *oice 
( ! be/1 & )\t prejudice to o!r m5s1 ,i 

?\ght ,i c\ld n d bett] !n to cont9ue 9 
! same :]e9 ,i 01 t is1 to imploy all my
 life 9 cultivat+ my ,reason1 & advanc+ 
my self1 z f> z ,i c\ld 9 ! k ( ,tru?1  
foll[+ ! ,me?od ,i _h prescrib$ myself4 
,i 0 s5sible ( su* extreme cont5tm5t    
s9ce ,i began to use ?is ,me?od1 t ,i   
?\ght none c\ld 9 ?is life be capable ( 
any m sweet & innoc5t3 & daily discov]+ 
by means !re(1 "s ,tru?s :i* seem$ to me
 ( importance1 & commonly su* z o!r m5 7
 ignorant (1 ! satisfaction ,i !reby    
receiv$ did s possesse my m9de1 z if all
 ?+s else conc]n'd me n4 ,besides1 t !  
?ree prec$+ ,maximes 7 gr\nd$ only on ! 
designe ,i _h1 to cont9ue ! in/ruction (
 my self4 ,= ,god hav+ giv5 to e "o ( u 
a light to disc]n tru? f falsehood1 ,i  
c\ld n beleeve ,i ought to cont5t my    
self "o mom5t ) ! op9ions ( o!rs1       
unlesse ,i _h propos$ to my self 9 due  
"t to imploy my judgm5t 9 ! exam9ation (
 !m4 ,nei!r c\ld ,i h exempt$ my self f 
scruple 9 foll[+ !m1 _h ,i n hop$ to    
lose no occasion ( f9d+ out bett]1 if   

!re 7 any4  ,b to conclude1 ,i c\ld n h 
b\nd$ my desires1 nor h be5 cont5t1 _h  
,i n foll[$ a way1 :]eby ?9k+ my self   
assur$ to acquire all ! k ,i c\ld be    
capable (3 ,i ?\ght ,i might by ! same  
means atta9 to all t 0 truly good1 :i*  
%\ld ev] be )9 my p[]2 =asmu* z our ,w  
incl9+ x self to foll[1 or fly no?+ b   
:at our ,und]/&+ propose? good or ill1  
to judge well is suffici5t to d well1 & 
to judge ! be/ we c1 to d also :at's    
be/2 to wit1 to acquire all v]tues1 & ) 
!m all acquirable goods3 & :osoev] is   
sure ( t1 he c nev] fail ( be+ cont5t4  
,aft] ,i _h ?us confirm$ my self ) ^!   
,maximes1 & laid !m up ) ! ,articles (  
,fai?1 :i* always _h ! fir/ place 9 my  
,belief1 ,i judg'd t ,i might freely    
und]take to expell all ! re/ ( my       
op9ions4 ,& =asmu* z ,i did hope to br+ 
x ! bett] to passe by conv]s+ ) m51 !n  
by /ay+ any long] 9 my /ove1 :]e ,i _h  
_h all ^! ?\ghts3 be=e ! ,w9t] 0 fully  
end$1 ,i return$ to my travels2 & 9 all 
! n9e foll[+ ye]s ,i did no?+ b r[l "h &

 !re ab\t ! _w1 endeav\r+ r to be a     
spectator1 !n an actor 9 all ^? ,com$ies
 :i* 7 act$ !re93 & reflect+ p>ticul>ly 
on e subject :i* might r5d] x suspect$1 
or af=d any occasion mi/ake4 ,9 ! mean  
"t ,i root$ out ( my m9de all ^? err\rs 
:i* =m]ly _h crept 94 ,n t ,i !re9      
imitat$ ! ,scepticks1 :o d\bt onely to !
 end !y may d\bt1 & affect to be always 
unresolv$3 ,= on ! contr>y1 all my      
designe t5d$ onely to fix my self1 & to 
avoid quick-mires & s&s1 t ,i might f9de
 rock & clay3 :i* 7me ?\ght7 succe$$    
well en\gh2 =asmu* z1 seek+ to discov] !
 fal%ood or unc]ta9ty ( ^? propositions 
,i exam9$1 7n by weak conjectures1 b by 
cle> & c]ta9 ratioc9ations7 ,i met )    
none s d\btfull1 b ,i !nce drew "s      
conclusion c]ta9 en\gh1 7 x b onely ?is1
 ,t x conta9$ no?+ t 0 c]ta94 ,& z 9    
pull+ d[n an old h\se1 commonly ^?      
mat]ials are res]v$ :i* may s]ve to     
build a new "o2 s 9 de/roy+ all ^? my   
op9ions :i* ,i judg'd ill gr\nd$1 ,i    
made div]s obs]vations1 & got sev]all   

exp]i5ces :i* s]v$ me s9ce to e/abli% m 
c]ta9 ones4 ,& besides ,i cont9u$ to    
ex]cise my self 9 ! ,me?od ,i _h        
prescrib$4  ,= ,i 0 n only c>efull to   
direct all my ?\ghts 9 g5]all accord+ to
 its rules1 b ,i f "t to "t res]v'd "s  
h\res1 :i* ,i p>ticul>ly employd to     
practice x 9 difficulties belong+ to !  
,ma!maticks1 loos5+ f all ! pr9ciples ( 
o!r ,sci5ces1 :i* ,i f\nd n /able en\gh1
 z y may see ,i h done 9 div]s expla9'd 
9 my o!r foll[+ disc\rses4 ,& ?us n liv+
 9 appe>ance o!rwise !n ^? :o hav+ no   
o!r bus9ess !n to lead a sweet & innoc5t
 life1 /udy to sep>ate pleasures f      
vices1 & use hone/ recreations to enjoy 
_! ease )\t we>9esse2 ,i did n =be> to  
pursue my design1 & advance 9 ! kn[l$g (
 tru?1 p]haps m1 !n if ,i _h done no?+ b
 read books or frequ5t le>n$ m54  ,yet  
^! n9e ye>s 7 vani%$1 be=e ,i _h engag$ 
my self 9 ^? difficulties :i* use to be 
disput$ among/ ! le>n$2 or begun to seek
 ! gr\nds ( any m c]ta9 ,philosophy !n !
 ,vulg>3 ,& ! example ( div]s excell5t  

,m5 :o =m]ly hav+ _h ! same designe1    
seem'd n to me to h succe$$ !re91 made  
me imag9e s mu* difficulty1 t ,i _h n   
p]haps d>'d s quickly to h und]tak5 x1  
_h ,i n p]ceiv'd t "s already _h giv5 x 
out t ,i _h already accompli%$ x4 ,i "k 
n :]eupon !y gr\nd$ ?is op9ion1 & if ,i 
h contribut$ any ?+ !reto by my         
disc\rse1 x mu/ h be5 by confess+ m     
+5i\sly :at ,i 0 ignorant (1 !n ^? are  
wont to d :o h a little /udy$1 & p]haps 
also by comunicat+ ^? reasons1 ,i _h to 
d\bt ( _m ?+s :i* o!rs e/eem'd mo/      
em95t1 r !n t ,i bragg'd ( any le>n+4 ,b
 hav+ integrity en\gh1 n to desire to be
 tak5 = :at ,i 0 n1 ,i ?\ght t ,i ought 
to endeav\r by all means to r5d] my self
 wor?y ( ! reputation :i* 0 giv5 me4 ,& 
'tis n[ eight ye>s s9ce ?is desire made 
me resolve to e/range my self f all     
places :]e ,i might h any acqua9tance1 &
 s retire my self hi!r 9 a ,c\ntry :]e !
 long cont9uance ( ! w>re ha? e/abli%$  
su* ord]s1 t ! ,armies :i* are int]ta9'd
 !re1 seem to s]ve onely to make !      

inhabitants enjoy ! fruits ( peace ) s  
mu* ! m security2 & :]e among/ ! cr\d ( 
a great p m active & solicit\s = _! own 
affaires1 !n curi\s ( o!r m5s1 n want+  
any ( ^? necess>ies :i* are 9 ! mo/     
frequ5t$ ,t[ns1 ,i c\ld live z solit>y &
 retir$ z 9 ! mo/ remote des]ts4        
,"p4 ,,iiii4   ,i ,"k n :e!r ,i ought to
 ent]ta9 y ) ! fir/ ,m$itations :i* ,i  
_h !re1 = !y are s ,metaphysicall & s   
little common1 t p]haps !y w n be reli%$
 by all m53 ,& yet t y may judge :e!r ! 
f\ndations ,i h laid are firm en\gh1 ,i 
f9d my self 9 a mann] oblig'd to        
disc\rse !m2 ,i _h long s9ce obs]v$ t z 
= mann]s1 x 0 somtimes necess>y to foll[
 ^? op9ions :i* we "k to be v unc]ta91 z
 mu* z if !y 7 indubitable1 z is        
be=esaid3 ,b because t !n ,i desir$     
onely to int5d ! se>* ( tru?1 ,i ?\ght  
,i ought to doe ! contr>y1 & reject z   
absolutely false all :]e9 ,i c\ld imag9e
 ! lea/ d\bt1 to ! end ,i might see if  
aft]w>ds any ?+ might rema9 9 my belief1
 n at all subject to d\bt4 ,?us because 

our s5ses sometimes deceive u1 ,i w\ld  
suppose t !re 0 no?+ :i* 0 su* z !y     
repres5t$ x to u4 ,& because !re are m5 
:o mi/ake !mselves 9 reason+1 ev5 9 !   
mo/ simple matt]s ( ,geometry1 & make   
!re9 ,p>alogismes1 judg+ t ,i 0 z       
subject to fail z any o!r ,man1 ,i      
reject$ z false all ^? reasons1 :i* ,i  
_h be=e tak5 = ,demon/rations4 ,&       
consid]+1 t ! same ?\ghts :i* we h wak+1
 may also happ5 to u sleep+1 :5 z n any 
"o ( !m is true4 ,i resolv'd to faign1 t
 all ^? ?+s :i* ev] entr$ into my ,m9de1
 7 no m true1 !n ! illusions ( my       
dreams4 ,b pres5tly aft] ,i obs]v'd1 t  
:il/ ,i w\ld ?9k t all 0 false1 x mu/   
necess>ily foll[1 t ,i :o ?\ght x1 mu/  
be some?+4 ,& p]ceiv+ t ?is ,tru?1 ,i   
?9k1 !re=e1 ,i am1 0 s firm & c]ta91 t  
all ! mo/ extravagant suppositions ( !  
,scepticks 0 n able to %ake x1 ,i judg'd
 t ,i might receive x )\t scruple = !   
fir/ pr9ciple ( ! ,philosophy ,i s\ght4 
,exam9+ c>efully aft]w>ds :at ,i 02 &   
see+ t ,i c\ld suppose t ,i _h no body1 

& t !re 0 no ,_w1 nor any place :]e ,i  
03 b = all ?is1 ,i c\ld n feign t ,i 0  
n2 & t ev5 contr>y !reto1 ?9k+ to d\bt !
 tru? ( o!r ?+s1 x mo/ evid5tly &       
c]ta9ly foll[$1 ,t ,i 03 :]eas1 if ,i _h
 ceas'd to ?9k1 al?\gh all ! re/ (      
:at-ev] ,i _h imag9$ 7 true1 ,i _h no   
reason to beleeve t ,i _h be54 ,i knew  
!n t ,i 0 a sub/ance1 ^: :ole ess5ce or 
nature is1 b to ?9k1 & :o to be1 ha? ne$
 ( no place1 nor dep5ds on any mat]iall 
?+4 ,s t ?is ,me1 to wit1 my ,s\l1 by   
:i* ,i am :at ,i am1 is :olly di/9ct f !
 ,body1 & m easie to be kn[n !n x2 &    
al?\gh t 7 n1 x w\ld n !re=e cease to be
 :at x is4  ,aft] ?is ,i consid]$ 9     
g5]all :at is requisite 9 a ,proposition
 to make x true & c]ta93 = s9ce ,i _h   
f\nd out "o :i* ,i knew to be s1 ,i     
?\ght ,i ought also to consid] :]e9 t   
c]ta9ty consi/$3 & hav+ obs]v$1 ,t !re  
is no?+ at all 9 ?is1 ,i ?9k1 !re=e ,i  
am1 :i* assures me t ,i speak ! tru?1   
except ?is1 t ,i see mo/ cle]ly1 ,t to  
?9k1 "o mu/ h a be+2 ,i judg'd t ,i     

might take = a g5]all rule1 ,t ^? ?+s   
:i* we conceive cle]ly & di/9ctly1 are  
all true2 & t ! onely difficulty is     
punctually to obs]ve :at ^? are :i* we  
di/9ctly conceive4  ,9 pursuance :]e(1  
reflect+ on :at ,i d\bt$1 & t           
consequ5tly my be+ 0 n p]fect2 = ,i     
cle>ly p]ceiv$1 t x 0 a great] p]fection
 to "k1 !n to d\bt1 ,i advis$ 9 my self 
to seek f :5ce ,i _h le>nt to ?9k on    
some?+ :i* 0 m p]fect !n ,i2 & ,i knew  
evid5tly t x mu/ be ( "s nature :i* 0   
inde$ m p]fect4 ,z = :at conc]ns !      
?\ghts ,i _h ( div]s o!r ?+s )\t my     
self1 z ( heav51 e>?1 light1 heat1 & a  
?\s& m1 ,i 0 n s mu* tr\bl$ to "k :5ce  
!y came1 = t ,i obs]v$ no?+ 9 !m :i*    
seem$ to r5d] !m sup]i\r to me2 ,i might
 beleeve1 t if !y 7 true1 !y 7          
dep5dancies f my nature1 z f> =? z x _h 
any p]fection2 & if !y 7 n1 ,i made no  
accompt ( !m2 t is to say1 ,t !y 7 9 me1
 because ,i _h some?+ defici5t4 ,b x    
c\ld n be ! same ) ! ,idea ( a be+ m    
p]fect !n m9e3 ,= to e/eem ( x z ( no?+1

 0 a ?+ manife/ly impossible4 ,& because
 !re is no lesse repugnancy t ! m p]fect
 %\ld succe$ f & dep5d ^u ! less p]fect1
 !n = some?+ to proce$ f no?+1 ,i c\ld  
no m hold x f my self3 ,s z x foll[$1 t 
x mu/ h b9 put into me by a ,nature :i* 
0 truly m p]fect !n ,i1 & ev5 :i* _h 9 x
 all ! p]fections :]e( ,i c\ld h an     
,idea2 to wit1 7to expla9 my self 9 "o  
^w7 ,god4 ,:]eto ,i add$1 t s9ce ,i knew
 "s p]fections :i* ,i _h n1 ,i 0 n !    
onely ,be+ :i* _h an exi/5ce1 7,i %all1 
"u fav\r1 use "h freely ! t]ms ( !      
,s*ools7 b t ( necessity !re mu/ be "s  
o!r m p]fect :]eon ,i dep5d$1 & f :om ,i
 _h gott5 all :at ,i _h3 ,= _h ,i be5   
alone1 & dep5d+ ^u no o!r ?+1 s t ,i _h 
_h ( my self all t little :i* ,i        
p>ticipat$ ( a p]fect ,be+1 ,i might h  
_h by ! same reason f my self1 all !    
rema9d] :i* ,i knew ,i want$1 & s h be5 
my self inf9ite1 et]nall1 immutable1    
all-kn[+1 almighty2 & la/ly1 h _h all ^?
 p]fections :i* ,i h obs]v$ to be 9     
,god4 ,= accord+ to ! way ( reason+ ,i h

 n[ foll[$1 to "k ! nature ( ,god1 z f> 
z m9e own 0 capable ( x1 ,i 0 onely to  
consid] ( ^? ?+s ( :i* ,i f\nd an ,idea 
9 me1 :e!r ! possess+ ( !m 7 a p]fection
 or no2 & ,i 0 sure1 t any ( ^? :i* _h  
any imp]fections 7 n 9 him1 b t all o!rs
 74 ,i saw t d\btfulness1 incon/ancy1   
sorr[ & ! l1 c\ld n be 9 him1 see+ ,i   
c\ld my self h wi%'d to h be5 exempt$ f 
!m4 ,besides ?is1 ,i _h ! ,ideas ( div]s
 s5sible & corporeall ?+s2 = al?\gh ,i  
suppos$ t ,i dot$1 & t all t ,i saw or  
imag9$ 0 false2 yet c\ld ,i n d5y b t ^!
 ,ideas 7 truly 9 my ?\ghts4 ,b because 
,i _h mo/ evid5tly kn[n 9 my self1 ,t ! 
und]/&+ ,nature is di/9ct f !           
corporeall1 consid]+ t all composition  
witnesse? a dep5d5cy1 & t dep5d5cy is   
manife/ly a defect1 ,i !nce judg$ t x   
c\ld n be a p]fection 9 ,god to be      
compos$ ( ^? two ,natures2 & t by       
consequ5ce he 0 n s compos$4 ,b t if !re
 7 any ,bodies 9 ! _w1 or els any       
intellig5ces1 or o!r ,natures :i* 7 n   
:olly p]fect1 _! be+ mu/ dep5d f 8 p[] 9

 su* a mann]1 t !y c\ld n subsi/ "o     
mom5t )\t him4  ,!nce ,i w5t 9 se>* (   
o!r ,tru?s2 & hav+ propos$ ,geometry =  
my object1 :i* ,i conceiv$ z a cont9u$  
,body1 or a space indef9itely spr$ 9    
l5g?1 br$?1 height or dep?1 divisible   
into div]s p>ts1 :i* might take sev]all 
figures & bignesses1 & be mov$ &        
transpos$ e way4 ,= ! ,geometricians    
suppose all ?is 9 _! object4 ,i pa/     
?r\gh "s ( _! mo/ simple demon/rations2 
& hav+ obs]v$ t ?is great c]ta9tie1 :i* 
all ! _w grants !m1 is f\nd$ only on    
?is1 t m5 evid5tly conceiv$ !m1 foll[+ !
 rule ,i already m5tion$4 ,i obs]v$ also
 t !re 0 no?+ at all 9 !m :i* asc]ta9'd 
me ( ! exi/5ce ( _! object4 ,z =        
example1 ,i well p]ceive1 t suppos+ a   
,triangle1 ?ree angles necess>ily mu/ be
 equall to two "r ones3 b yet nev]!less 
,i saw no?+ :i* assur$ me t !re 0 a     
,triangle 9 ! _w4 ,:]eas return+ to     
exam9e ! ,idea :i* ,i _h ( a p]fect     
,be+1 ,i f\nd its exi/5ce compris$ 9 x1 
9 ! same mann] z x 0 compris$ 9 t ( a   

,triangle1 :]e ! ?ree angles are equall 
to two "r ones2 or 9 t ( a sph]e1 :]e   
all ! p>ts are equally di/ant f ! c5t]4 
,or ev5 yet m evid5tly1 & t by          
consequ5ce1 x is at lea/ z c]ta9 t ,god1
 :o is t p]fect ,be+1 is1 or exi/s1 z   
any demon/ration 9 ,geometry c be4  ,b t
 :i* makes _m p]swade !mselves t !re is 
difficulty 9 kn[+ x1 z also to "k :at _!
 ,s\l is1 'tis t !y nev] raise _! ?\ghts
 beyond s5sible ?+s1 & t !y are s       
accu/om$ to consid] no?+ b by           
imag9ation1 :i* is a p>ticul> mann] (   
?9k+ on mat]iall ?+s1 t :atsoev] is n   
imag9able seems to !m n intelligible4   
,:i* is manife/ en\gh f ?is1 t ev5 !    
,philosoph]s hold = a ,maxime 9 !       
,s*ools1 ,t !re is no?+ 9 ! und]/&+ :i* 
0 n fir/ 9 ! s5se2 :]e not)/&+ its      
c]ta91 t ! ,ideas ( ,god & ( ! ,s\l nev]
 74 ,& 7me ?9ks7 ^? :o use _! imag9ation
 to compreh5d !m1 are j z ^?1 :o to he> 
s\nds1 or smell od\rs1 w\ld make use (  
_! eys2 save t !re is yet ?is diff]5ce1 
,t ! s5se ( see+ assures u no lesse ( ! 

tru? ( its objects1 !n ^? ( smell+ or   
he>+ d3 :]eas nei!r our imag9ation1 nor 
our s5ses1 c ev] assure u ( any ?+1 if  
our und]/&+ int]v5es n4  ,to be %ort1 if
 !re rema9 any :o are n en\gh p]swad$ ( 
! exi/5ce ( ,god1 & ( _! s\l1 f !       
reasons ,i h produc'd1 ,i w\ld h !m "k1 
t all o!r ?+s1 :]e( p]haps !y ?9k       
!mselves m assur$1 z to h a body1 & t   
!re are ,/>s1 & an e>?1 & ! l1 are less 
c]ta94 ,= al?\gh we _h su* a morall     
assurance ( ^! ?+s1 t )\t be+           
extravagant we c\ld n d\bt ( !m4 ,h[ev]1
 unless we be unreasonable :5 a         
metaphysicall c]ta9ty is 9 "q1 we _c d5y
 b we h cause en\gh n to be :olly       
confirm$ 9 !m1 :5 we consid] t 9 ! same 
mann] we may imag9e be+ asleep1 we h o!r
 bodies1 & t we see o!r ,/>s1 & ano!r   
e>?1 ?\gh !re be no su* ?+4 ,= h[ doe we
 "k t ^? ?\ghts :i* we h 9 our dreams1  
are r false !n ! o!rs1 see+ (t5 !y are  
no less lively & significant1 & let !   
able/ m5 /udy x z long z !y please1 ,i  
beleeve !y c give no suffici5t reason to

 remove ?is d\bt1 unless !y presuppose !
 exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,= fir/ ( all1 t :i* ,i
 ev5 n[ took = a rule1 to wit1 t ^? ?+s 
:i* 7 mo/ cle>ly & di/9ctly conceiv$1   
are all true1 is c]ta91 only by reason1 
t ,god is or exi/s1 & t he is a p]fect  
be+1 & t all :i* we h comes f him4 ,:5ce
 x foll[s1 t our ,idea's or notions1 be+
 reall ?+s1 & :i* come f ,god 9 all :]e9
 !y are cle> & di/9ct1 _c !re9 be b     
true4 ,s t if we h v (t5 any :i* conta9 
fal%ood1 !y _c be b ( su* ?+s :i* are   
some:at confus'd & obscure1 because t   
!re9 !y signifie no?+ to u1 t's to say1 
t !y are ?us confus'd 9 u only1 because 
we are n :olly p]fect4 ,& x's evid5t t  
!re is no less contr>iety t fal%ood &   
imp]fection %\ld proce$ f ,god1 z su*1  
!n !re is 9 ?is1 t tru? & fal%ood proce$
 f no?+4 ,b if we "k n t :atsoev] 0 true
 & reall 9 u comes f a p]fect & inf9ite 
be+1 h[ cle> & di/9ct soev] our ,idea's 
71 we %\ld h no reason to assure u1 t !y
 _h ! p]fection to be true4  ,n[ aft] t 
! k ( ,god1 & ( ! ,s\l ha? r5dr$ u ?us  

c]ta9 ( ?is rule1 x's easie to "k2 t !  
extravaganceys :i* we imag9 9 our sleep1
 ought no way to make u d\bt ( ! tru? ( 
^? ?\ghts :i* we h be+ awake3 ,= if x   
%\ld happ51 t ev5 sleep+ we %\ld h a v  
di/9ct ,idea2 z = example1 ,a           
,geometritian %\ld inv5t "s new         
demon/ration1 8 sleep+ w\ld n h9d] x to 
be true4 ,& = ! mo/ ord9>y error ( our  
dreames1 :i* consi/s 9 t !y repres5t    
unto u sev]all objects 9 ! same mann] z 
our ext]ior s5ses doe1 x matt]s n ?\gh x
 give u occasion to mi/ru/ ! tru? ( ^?  
,ideas1 because t !y may also (t5 en\gh 
coz5 u :5 we doe n sleep2 ,z :5 to ^? :o
 h ! ,jaundies1 all !y see seems yell[2 
or1 z ! ,/>s or o!r bodies at a di/ance1
 appe> mu* less !n !y are4 ,= 9 f9e1    
:e!r we sleep or wake1 we ought nev] to 
suff] our selves to be p]swad$ b by !   
evid5ce ( our ,reason2 ,i say1 7:i* is  
obs]vable7 ,( our ,reason1 & n ( our    
imag9ation1 or ( our s5ses4 ,z al?\gh we
 see ! ,sun mo/ cle>ly1 we are n !re=e  
to judge him to be ( ! bigness we see   

him (2 & we may well di/9ctly imag9e !  
head ( a ,lion1 set on ! body ( a ,goat1
 b !re=e we ought n to conclude t !re is
 a ,*im]a 9 ! _w4 ,= reason do? n       
dictate to u1 t :at we see or imag9e s1 
is true3 ,b x dictates1 t all our       
,idea's or notions ought to h "s gr\nds 
( tru?2 ,= x 7 n possible1 t ,god :o is 
all p]fect1 & all tru?1 %\ld h put !m 9 
u )\t t3 ,& because t our reason+s are  
nev] s evid5t1 nor s entire :ile we     
sleep1 z :5 we wake1 al?\gh sometimes   
our imag9ations be !n z mu* or m lively 
& express4 ,x also dictates to u1 t our 
?\ghts1 see+ !y _c be all true by reason
 t we are n :olly p]fect2 :at !y h (    
tru?1 ought infallibly to occur 9 ^? :i*
 we h be+ awake1 r !n 9 our dreams4     
,"p4 ,v4   ,i %\ld be glad to pursue ?is
 ,disc\rse1 & %ew y ! :ole ,s]ies ( !   
foll[+ ,tru?s1 :i* ,i h drawn f ! =m]3  
,b because = ?is purpose1 x 7 n[        
necess>y = me to treat ( sev]all        
que/ions1 :i* are controv]t$ by ! le>n$1
 ) :om ,i h no desire to imbroil my     

self1 ,i beleeve x bett] = me to ab/a9 f
 x2 & s 9 g5]all onely to discov] :at !y
 are1 t ,i may leave ! wise/ to judge   
:e!r x 7 pr(itable to in=m ! publick m  
p>ticul>ly ( !m4 ,i alwayes rema9$      
con/ant to my resolution1 to suppose no 
o!r ,pr9ciple b t :i* ,i n[ made use (1 
= ! demon/ration ( ! ,exi/5ce ( ,god1 & 
( ! ,s\l2 & to receive no?+ = true1 :i* 
did n seem to me m cle> & m c]ta9 !n !  
demon/rations ( ,geometry _h =m]ly done4
 ,& yet ,i d>e say1 t ,i h n onely f\nd 
out ! means to satisfie my self1 9 a    
%ort "t1 conc]n+ all ! pr9cipall        
difficulties :i* are usually treat$ 9   
,philosophy4 ,b t also ,i h obs]v$ c]ta9
 ,laws :i* ,god ha? s e/abli%$ 9        
,nature1 & ( :i* he ha? impr9t$ su*     
notions 9 our ,s\ls1 t :5 we %all h made
 suffici5t reflections ^u !m we _c d\bt 
b t !y are exactly obs]v$ 9 :atsoev]    
ei!r is1 or is done 9 ! ,_w4 ,!n        
consid]+ ! connexion ( ^! ,laws1 me     
?9ks1 ,i h discov]cd div]s ,tru?s1 m    
usefull & important !n :atev] ,i le>n'd 

be=e1 or ev] hop'd to le>n4  ,b because 
,i h endeav\r$ to lay op5 ! pr9cipall ( 
!m 9 a ,treatise1 :i* "s consid]ations  
h9d] me f publi%+2 ,i c no way bett]    
make !m kn[n1 !n by relat+ summ>ily :at 
x conta9s4  ,i _h a designe to compreh5d
 all :at ,i ?\ght ,i knew1 be=e ,i w\ld 
write x1 t\*+ ! nature ( mat]ial ?+s4 ,b
 ev5 z ,pa9t]s1 n be+ able equally well 
to repres5t ^u a flat all ! sev]all     
facies ( a solid body1 *use ! pr9cipall 
( !m1 :i* !y place t[>ds ! light2 &     
%ad[+ ! o!rs1 make !m appe> no m !n !y d
 to our sight3 ,s1 fe>+ le/ ,i %\ld n   
br+ into ?is ,disc\rse all :i* 0 9 my   
?\ghts1 ,i onely und]took to set =? at  
l>ge my conceptions t\*+ ! light2 & ^u t
 occasion to add some:at ( ! ,sun1 & ( !
 fix'd ,/>s1 by reason t x proce$s almo/
 all f !nce2 ( ! ,heav5s1 because !y    
transmit x2 ( ! ,planets1 ( ! ,comets1 &
 ( ! ,e>?1 because !y cause x to        
reflect2 & 9 p>ticul>1 ( all ,bodies :i*
 are on ! e>?1 :e!r = t !y are ei!r     
col\r$1 or transp>5t1 or lum9\s2 & la/ (

 all1 ( ,man1 because he is ! ,spectator
 !re(4 ,z also1 9 "s mann] to %ad[ out  
all ^! ?+s1 & t ,i might ! m freely     
speak :at ,i judg'd1 )\t be+ oblig$ to  
foll[1 or to refute ! op9ions :i* are   
receiv$ among/ ! ,le>n$1 ,i resolv$ to  
leave all ?is _w "h to _! disputes1 & to
 speak onely ( :at w\ld happ5 9 a new   
"o1 if ,god n[ creat$ "s :]e 9 ^?       
imag9>y spaces matt] en\gh to compose x1
 & t he div]sly & )\t ord] agitat$ !    
sev]all p>ts ( ?is matt]1 s z to compose
 a ,*aos ( x z confus$ z ! ,poets c\ld  
feign "o3 & t aft]w>ds he did no?+ b l5d
 8 ord9>y concurr5ce to ,nature1 & leave
 h] to "w accord+ to ! ,laws he ha?     
e/abli%$4  ,?us fir/ ( all ,i describ$  
?is ,matt]1 & endev\r$ to repres5t x    
su*1 t me ?9ks !re is no?+ 9 ! _w m     
cle>1 or m intelligible1 except :at 0   
be=esaid ( ,god1 & ( ! ,s\l4 ,= ev5 ,i  
expresly suppos$ t !re 0 9 x none ( ^?  
=ms & qualities :i* are disput$ 9 !     
,s*ools2 nor g5]ally any ?+ b t ! k !re(
 0 s naturall to our und]/&+s1 t we c\ld

 n ev5 feigne to be ignorant ( x4       
,besides1 ,i made kn[n :at ! ,laws (    
,nature 72 & )\t gr\nd+ my reasons on   
any o!r pr9ciples1 b on ! inf9ite       
p]fections ( ,god1 ,i did endeav\r to   
demon/rate all ^? :i* might be que/ion$1
 & to make !m appe> to be su*1 t al?\gh 
,god _h creat$ div]s worlds1 !re c\ld h 
be5 none :]e !y 7 n obs]v$4 ,aft]w>ds ,i
 %ew$ h[ ! great] "p ( ! ,matt] ( ?is   
,*aos ought1 accord+ to ^? ,laws1 to    
dispose & ord] x self 9 a c]ta9 mann]1  
:i* w\ld make x l our ,heav5s3 ,& h[ "s 
( ^! p>ts 7 to compose an ,e>?1 & "s    
,planets & ,commets1 "s o!rs a ,sun &   
fix'd ,/>rs4 ,& "h enl>g+ my self on !  
subject ( ,light1 ,i at l5g? expla9'd   
:at t light 01 :i* 0 to be 9 ! ,sun &   
,/>s2 & !nce h[ x trav]s'd 9 an in/ant !
 imm5se spaces ( ! ,heav5s1 & h[ x      
reflect$ x self f ,planets & ,commets   
t[>ds ! ,e>?4 ,i add$ also div]s ?+s    
t\*+ ! sub/ance1 situation1 ! motions1 &
 all ! sev]al qualities ( ^! heav5s & ^!
 />s3 ,s t ,i ?\ght ,i _h said en\gh to 

make kn[n1 ,t !re is no?+ rem>kable 9 ^?
 ( ?is _w1 :i* ought n1 or at lea/ c\ld 
n appe> altoge!r l to ^! ( t _w :i* ,i  
describ$4  ,!nce ,i came to speak       
p>ticul>ly ( ! ,e>?2 h[1 al?\gh ,i _h   
expresly suppos$1 t ,god _h plac$ no    
weight 9 ! ,matt] :]e( x 0 compos$2 yet 
all its p>ts exactly t5d$ t[>ds its     
c5t]3 ,h[ t !re be+ wat] & air ^u its   
sup]ficies1 ! disposition ( ! ,heav5s1 &
 ( ! ,/>rs1 & *iefly ( ! ,moon1 ought to
 cause a fl\d & an ebb1 :i* 9 all       
circum/ances 0 l to t :i* we obs]ve 9   
our ,seas2 ,& besides1 a c]ta9 c\rse    
aswel ( ! wat]1 z ( ! air1 f ,ea/ to    
,we/1 z is also obs]v$ betwe5 !         
,tropicks3 ,h[ ! ,m\nta9s1 ! ,seas1 !   
,spr+s & ,riv]s might naturally be =m'd 
!re91 & ,metals run 9 ! m9es1 & ,plants 
gr[ 9 ! ,fields1 & g5]ally all bodies be
 !re9 eng5d]$ :i* are call'd mixt or    
compos$4  ,& among/ o!r ?+s1 because t  
next ! ,/>s1 ,i "k no?+ 9 ! _w b ,fire1 
:i* produce? light1 ,i /udi$ to make all
 cle>ly und]/ood :i* belongs to its     

nature2 h[ x's made1 h[ x's f$1 h[      
sometimes x ha? heat onely )\t light1 & 
sometimes onely light )\t heat2 h[ x c  
introduce sev]al col\rs into sev]al     
bodies1 & div]s o!r qualities2 h[ x     
dissolves "s1 & h>d5s o!rs2 h[ x c      
consume almo/ all1 or conv]t !m into    
a%es & smoak3 & la/ ( all1 h[ ( ^? a%es1
 by ! only viol5ce ( its action1 x =ms  
glass4 ,= ?is transmutation ( a%es into 
glass1 seem+ to me to be z admirable z  
any o!r op]ation 9 ,nature1 ,i          
p>ticul>ly took pleasure to describe x4 
,yet w\ld ,i n inf]re f all ^! ?+s1 t   
?is ,_w 0 creat$ aft] ! mann] ,i _h     
propos$4 ,= x is m probable t ,god made 
x su* z x 0 to be1 f ! beg9n+4 ,b x's   
c]ta91 & 'tis an op9ion commonly receiv$
 among/ ! ,div9es1 ,t ! action :]eby he 
n[ pres]ve? x1 is ! same ) t by :i* he  
creat$ x4 ,s t1 al?\gh at ! beg9n+ he _h
 giv5 x no o!r =m b t ( a ,*aos         
7provid$1 t hav+ e/abli%$ ! ,laws (     
,nature1 he _h af=d$ 8 concurr5ce to x1 
to "w z x us$ to d7 we may beleeve 7)\t 

do+ wrong to ! miracle ( ! ,creation7 t 
by t alone all ?+s :i* are purely       
mat]ial might 9 "t h r5dr$ !mselves su* 
z we n[ see !m3 & _! nature is f> easi] 
to conceive1 :5 by little & little we   
see !m br\ght =? s1 !n :5 we consid] !m 
q =m'd all at once4  ,f ! description ( 
inanimate ,bodies & ,plants1 ,i pass'd  
to t ( ,animals1 & p>ticul>ly to t (    
,m54 ,b because ,i _h n yet k en\gh to  
speak ( !m 9 ! same /ile z ( ! o!rs2 to 
wit1 9 demon/rat+ effects by _! causes1 
& %ew+ f :at se$s1 & 9 :at mann] ,nature
 ought to produce !m2 ,i cont5t$ my self
 to suppose1 ,t ,god =m'd ! body ( a    
,man altoge!r l "o ( ours2 aswel !      
ext]i\r figure ( its memb]s1 z 9 !      
int]i\r con=mity ( its organs2 )\t fram+
 x ( o!r matt] !n ( t :i* ,i _h         
describ$2 & )\t putt+ 9 x at ! beg9n+   
any reasonable s\l1 or any o!r ?+ to    
s]ve !re9 = a vegetative or s5sitive    
s\l2 unless he /irr'd up 9 8 he>t "o (  
^? fires )\t light :i* ,i _h already    
discov]$2 & t ,i conceiv'd ( no o!r     

nature b t :i* heats hay :5 its h\s$    
be=e x be dry1 or :i* causes new ,w9es  
to boyl :5 x works ^u ! grape3 ,= exam9+
 ! functions :i* might be consequ5tly 9 
?is body1 ,i exactly f\nd all ^? :i* may
 be 9 u1 )\t our ?9k+ ( !m2 & to :i* our
 s\l 7t is to say1 t di/9ct "p f our    
bodies1 ^: nature 7z ha? be5 said be=e7 
is onely to ?9k7 consequ5tly do? n      
contribute1 & :i* are all ! same :]e9 we
 may say unreasonable creatures resemble
 u4 ,yet c\ld ,i n f9de any1 ( ^? :i*   
dep5d+ f ! ?\ght1 are ! onely ones :i*  
belong unto u z ,m52 :]eas ,i f\nd !m   
all aft]w>ds1 hav+ suppos$ t ,god creat$
 a reasonable s\l1 & t he joyn'd x to   
?is body1 aft] a c]ta9 mann] :i* ,i     
describ'd4  ,b t y might see h[ ,i      
treat$ ?is matt]1 ,i %all "h pres5t y ) 
! explication ( ! motion ( ! he>t1 & ( !
 art]ies1 :i* be+ ! fir/ & mo/ g5]al    
7:i* is obs]v$ 9 animals7 we may !reby  
easily judge :at we ought to ?9k ( all !
 re/4 ,& t we may h ! less difficulty to
 und]/& :at ,i %all say !re(1 ,i wi% ^? 

:o are n v]s$ 9 ,anatomy1 w\ld take !   
pa9s1 be=e !y read ?is1 to cause ! he>t 
( "s great animal :i* ha? lungs1 to be  
dissect$2 = 9 all ( !m its v l t ( a    
,man3 & t !y may h %ewn !m ! two cels or
 concavities :i* are !re3 ,fir/ t on !  
"r side1 :]eto two l>ge conduits answ]1 
to wit1 ! v5a cava1 :i* is ! pr9cipal   
receptacle ( bl\d1 & z ! body ( a tree1 
:]e( all ! o!r ve9s ( ! body are        
bran*es2 & ! art]i\s ve91 :i* 0 s       
mis-call'd1 because t 9 effect its an   
art]y1 :i* tak+ its orig9e f ! he>t1    
divides x self aft] be+ come =?1 into   
div]s bran*es1 :i* e way spr$ !mselves  
?r\gh ! lungs4 ,!n ! o!r :i* is on !    
left side1 :]eunto 9 ! same mann] two   
pipes answ]1 :i* are z l>ge1 or l>g] !n 
! =m]2 to wit1 ! ve9\s art]y1 :i* 0 also
 il nam$1 =asmu* z its no?+ else b a ve9
 :i* comes f ! lungs1 :]e its divid$    
into sev]al bran*es int]laid ) ^? ( !   
art]i\s ve91 & ^? ( t pipe :i* is call$ 
! ,:i/le1 by :i* ! brea? ent]s4 ,& !    
great art]y1 :i* proce$+ f ! he>t1      

disp]se? its bran*es ?or[ all ! body4 ,i
 w\ld also t !y w\ld c>efully obs]ve !  
elev5 little sk9s1 :i*1 z s _m little   
doors1 op5 & %ut ! f\r op5+s :i* are 9  
^! two concavities2 to wit1 ?ree at !   
entry ( ! v5a cava1 :]e !y are s        
dispos$1 t !y c no wayes h9d] ! bl\d :i*
 x conta9s f runn+ into ! "r concavity (
 ! he>t2 & yet altoge!r h9d] x f com+   
out4 ,?ree at ! entry ( ! art]i\s ve92  
:i* be+ dispos$ q contr>y1 p]mit only ! 
bl\d :i* is 9 t concavity to pass to !  
lungs2 b n t :i* is 9 ! lungs to return 
?i!r4 ,& !n two o!rs at ! entry ( !     
ve9\s art]y1 :i* p]mits ! bl\d to run to
 ! left concavity ( ! he>t1 b oppose?   
its return4 ,& ?ree at ! entry ( ! great
 art]y1 :i* p]mit x to g f ! he>t1 b    
h9d] its return ?i!r4 ,nei!r ne$ we seek
 any o!r reason = ! numb] ( ^! sk9s1    
save only t ! op5+ ( ! ve9\s art]y1 be+ 
oval-wise1 by reason ( its situation1   
may be fitly %ut ) two2 :]eas ! o!r1 be+
 r\nd1 may ! bett] be clos'd ) ?ree4    
,besides1 ,i w\ld h !m consid]1 t !     

great art]y & ! art]i\s ve9 are ( a     
composition mu* /rong] !n ! ve9\s art]y 
or ! v5a cava4 ,& t ^! two lat] gr[ l>g]
 be=e !y ent] into ! he>t1 & make 7z x  
77 two purses1 call'd ! e>s ( ! he>t1   
:i* are compos$ ( a fle% l x2 & t !re is
 always m heat 9 ! he>t !n 9 any o!r "p 
( ! body4 ,& 9 f9e1 t if any drop ( bl\d
 ent] into ^! concavities1 ?is heat is  
able to make x pres5tly swell & dilate x
 self1 z g5]ally all liquors d1 :5 drop 
by drop we let !m fall into a v hot     
vessel4  ,= aft] ?is ,i ne$ say no m =  
to unfold ! motion ( ! he>t1 b t :5 ^!  
concavities are n full ( bl\d1          
necess>ily !re runs "s f ! v5a cava into
 ! "r1 & f ! ve9\s art]y into ! left2 = 
t ^! two vessels are always full ( x1 & 
t _! op5+s :i* are t[>ds ! he>t _c !n be
 %ut3 ,b t assoon z !re is ?us b two    
drops ( bl\d entr$1 "o 9 ei!r ( ^!      
concavities1 ^! drops1 :i* _c b be v    
big1 by reason t _! op5+s :]eby !y ent] 
are v l>ge1 & ! vessels :5ce !y come v  
full ( bl\d1 are r>ifi$ & dilat$ because

 ( ! heat :i* !y f9d !re94 ,by means    
:]e(1 caus+ all ! he>t to swel1 !y drive
 & %ut ! five little doors :i* are at ! 
entry ( ! two vessels :5ce !y come1     
h9d]+ !reby any m bl\d to fall d[n into 
! he>t1 & cont9u+ m & m to r>ifie       
!mselves1 !y drive & op5 ! six o!r      
little doors :i* are at ! entry ( ! o!r 
two vessels :5ce !y issue1 caus+ by t   
means all ! bran*es ( ! art]i\s ve91 & (
 ! great art]y1 to swel 7z x 77 at !    
same "t ) ! he>t3 :i* pres5tly aft]     
fals1 z ^? art]ies also d1 by reason t !
 bl\d :i* is entr$ !re9 gr[s cold]1 & _!
 six little doors %ut up aga91 & ^? five
 ( ! v5a cava1 & ( ! ve9\s art]y op5    
aga91 & give way to two o!r drops (     
bl\d1 :i* aga9 swell ! he>t & ! art]ies 
9 ! same mann] z ! prec$+ did4 ,&       
because ! bl\d :i* ?us ent]s into !     
he>t1 passe? ?or[ ^? two purses1 :i* are
 call'd ! e>s2 !nce x comes1 t _! motion
 is contr>y to ! he>t's1 & t !y fall :5 
t swels4  ,la/ly1 ,t !y :o "k n ! =ce ( 
,ma!matical demon/rations1 & are n      

accu/om$ to di/+ui% true reasons f      
probable ones1 may n v5ture to d5y ?is  
)\t exam9+ x1 ,i %all adv]tise !m1 t ?is
 motion :i* ,i h n[ discov]$1 z         
necess>ily foll[s f ! onely disposition 
( ! organs 7:i* may pla9ly be se5 9 !   
he>t17 & f ! heat 7:i* we may feel ) our
 f+]s17 & f ! nature ( ! bl\d 7:i* we   
may "k by exp]i5ce17 z ! motions ( a    
clock do? by ! =ce1 situation & figure (
 its weight & :eels4  ,b if x be ask$1  
h[ x comes t ! bl\d ( ! ve9s is n       
exhau/$1 runn+ s cont9ually into ! he>t2
 & h[ t ! art]ies are n too full1 s9ce  
all t :i* passe? ?or[ ! he>t dis*>ge? x 
self into !m3 ,i ne$ answ] no?+ !reto b 
:at ha? be5 already writ by an ,engli%  
,physician1 to :om ?is praise mu/ be    
giv51 to h brok5 ! ice 9 ?is place1 & to
 be ! fir/ :o taught u1 ,t !re are      
sev]al little passages 9 ! extremity ( !
 art]ies :]eby ! bl\d :i* !y receive f !
 he>t1 ent]s ! little bran*es ( ! ve9s2 
:5ce aga9 x s5ds x self back t[>ds !    
he>t3 s t its c\rse is no o!r ?+ b a    

p]petuall circulation4 ,:i* he v wel    
proves by ! ord9>y exp]i5ce (           
,*irurgians1 :o hav+ b\nd ! arm         
indiff]5tly h>d above ! ! place :]e !y  
op5 ! ve91 :i* cause? ! bl\d to issue m 
abundantly1 !n if x _h n be5 b\nd4 ,& ! 
contr>y w\ld happ51 7 x b\nd und]nea?1  
betwe5 ! h& & ! incision1 or b\nd v h>d 
above4 ,= its manife/1 t ! b&           
indiff]5tly ty$1 be+ able to h9d] ! bl\d
 :i* is already 9 ! arm to return t[>ds 
! he>t by ! ve9s2 yet x !re=e h9d]s n ! 
new f com+ always by ! art]ies1 by      
reason !y are plac$ "u ! ve9s1 & t _!   
sk9 be+ ?ick]1 are less easie to be     
press'd1 z also t ! bl\d :i* comes f !  
he>t1 seeks m =cibly to passe by !m     
t[>ds ! h&1 !n x do? to return f !nce   
t[>ds ! he>t by ! ve9s4 ,& s9ce ?is bl\d
 :i* issues f ! arm by ! incision made 9
 "o ( ! ve9s1 mu/ necess>ily h "s       
passage "u ! bond1 to wit1 t[>ds !      
extremities ( ! arm1 :]eby x may come   
?i!r by ! art]ies1 he also proves v well
 :at he sayes ( ! c\rse ( ! bl\d ?r\gh  

c]ta9 little sk9s1 :i* are s dispos$ 9  
div]s places along ! ve9s1 :i* p]mit x n
 to pass f ! middle t[>ds ! extremities1
 b onely to return f ! extremities t[>ds
 ! he>t4 ,& besides ?is1 exp]i5ce %ews1 
,t all ! bl\d :i* is 9 ! body may 9 a v 
little "t run out by "o onely art]y's   
be+ cut1 al?\gh x 7 ev5 b\nd v ne] !    
he>t1 & cut betwixt x & ! ligature3 ,s t
 we c\ld h no reason to imag9e t ! bl\d 
:i* issu$ !nce c\ld come f any o!r "p4  
,b !re are div]s o!r ?+s :i* witness1 t 
! true cause ( ?is motion ( ! bl\d is t 
:i* ,i h relat$4 ,z fir/1 ,! diff]5ce   
obs]v$ betwe5 t :i* issues out ( ! ve9s1
 & t :i* comes out ( ! art]ies1 _c      
proce$ b f its be+ r>ifi$ & 7z x 77     
di/ill$ by pass+ ?or[ ! he>t3 its m     
subtil1 m lively1 & m hot pres5tly aft] 
x comes out2 t is to say1 be+ 9 !       
art]ies1 !n x is a little be=e x ent]s  
!m1 t is to say1 9 ! ve9s4 ,& if y      
obs]ve1 y w f9de1 t ?is diff]5ce appe>s 
n well b ab\t ! he>t2 & n s mu* 9 ^?    
places :i* are f>!r (f4 ,next1 !        

h>dnesse ( ! sk9 ( :i* ! art]y ve9 & !  
great art]y are compos$1 %ewe?          
suffici5tly1 t ! bl\d beats aga9/ !m m  
=cibly !n aga9/ ! ve9s4 ,& :y %\ld !    
left concavity ( ! he>t1 & ! great art]y
 be m l>ge & ample !n ! "r concavity1 & 
! art]i\s ve92 unless x 7 t ! bl\d ( !  
ve9\s art]y1 hav+ b9 b onely 9 ! lungs  
s9ce its passage ?or[ ! he>t1 is m      
subtil1 & is r>ifi$ ) m =ce & ease !n ! 
bl\d :i* imm$iately comes f ! v5a cava4 
,& :at c ! ,physicians div9e by feel+ ( 
! pulse1 unlesse !y "k1 t accord+ z !   
bl\d *ange? its nature1 x may by ! heat 
( ! he>t be r>ifi$ to be m or lesse     
/rong1 & m or lesse quick !n be=e4 ,& if
 we exam9e h[ ?is heat is communicat$ to
 ! o!r memb]s1 mu/ we n av[ t 'tis by   
means ( ! bl\d1 :i* pass+ ! he>t1       
reheats x self !re1 & !nce disp]se? x   
self ?or[ ! :ole body3 :5ce x happ5s1 t 
if y take away ! bl\d f any "p1 ! heat  
by ! same means also is tak5 a way4 ,&  
al?\gh ! he>t 7 z burn+ z hot iron1 x 7 
n suffici5t to w>m ! feet & ! h&s s (t5 

z x do?1 did x n cont9ue to furni% !m ) 
new bl\d4  ,besides1 f !nce we "k also t
 ! true use ( respiration is to br+ fre%
 air en\gh to ! lungs1 to cause t bl\d  
:i* comes f ! "r concavity ( ! he>t1 :]e
 x 0 r>ifi$1 & 7z x 77 *ang'd into      
vap\rs1 !re to ?ick51 & conv]t x self   
into bl\d aga91 be=e x fall aga9 into ! 
left1 )\t :i* x w\ld n be fit to s]ve = 
! n\ri%m5t ( ! fire :i* is !re4 ,:i* is 
confirm'd1 = t its se51 t animals :i* h 
no lungs h b "o onely concavity 9 !     
he>t2 & t *ildr51 :o c make no use ( !m 
:5 !y are 9 _! mo!rs bellies1 h an op5+1
 by :i* ! bl\d ( ! v5a cava runs to !   
left concavity ( ! he>t1 & a conduit by 
:i* x comes f ! art]i\s ve9 into ! great
 art]y )\t pass+ ! lungs4  ,next1 ,h[   
w\ld ! concoction be made 9 ! /oma*1    
unlesse ! he>t s5t heat by ! art]ies1 & 
!re)all "s ( ! mo/ fluid p>ts ( ! bl\d1 
:i* help to dissolve ! meat receiv'd    
!re98 & is n ! act :i* conv]ts ! juice (
 ^! meats into bl\d easie to be kn[n1 if
 we consid]1 t x is di/ill'd by pass+ & 

repass+ ! he>t1 p]haps m !n "o or two   
hundr$ times a day8 ,& :at ne$ we ought 
else to expla9 ! nutrition & !          
production ( div]s hum\rs :i* are 9 !   
body1 b to say1 t ! =ce :]e) ! bl\d 9   
r>ify+ x self1 passe? f ! he>t t[>ds !  
extremities or ! art]ies1 cause? "s (   
its p>ts to /ay among/ ^? ( ! memb]s :]e
 !y are1 & !re take ! place ( "s o!rs1  
:i* !y drive f !nce8 ,& t accord+ to !  
situation1 or ! figure1 or ! smalnesse (
 ! pores :i* !y meet1 "s arrive soon] 9 
"o place !n o!rs4 ,9 ! same mann] z we  
may h se5 9 sev]all sieves1 :i* be+     
div]sly pi]c'd1 s]ve to sev] div]s gra9s
 "o f ! o!r4 ,& briefly1 t :i* is mo/   
rem>kable h]e91 is ! g5]ation ( ! animal
 spirits1 :i* are z a mo/ subtil w9d1 or
 r1 z a mo/ pure & lively flame1 :i*    
cont9ually ris+ 9 great abundance f !   
he>t to ! bra91 dis*>ge? x self !nce by 
! n]ves into ! muscles1 & gives motion  
to all ! memb]s2 )\t imag9+ any o!r     
reason :i* might cause ^! p>ts ( ! bl\d1
 :i* be+ mo/ mov'd1 & ! mo/ p5etrat+1   

are ! mo/ fit to =m ^! spirits1 t5d r   
t[>ds ! bra91 !n to any o!r "p4 ,save   
onely t ! art]ies :i* c>ry !m ?i!r1 are 
^? :i* come f ! he>t 9 ! mo/ direct l9e 
( all3 ,& t accord+ to ! rules ( !      
,me*anicks1 :i* are ! same ) ^? (       
,nature1 :5 div]s ?+s toge!r /rive to   
move "o way1 :]e !re is n room en\gh =  
all2 s ^? p>ts ( bl\d :i* issue f ! left
 concavity ( ! he>t t5d t[>ds ! bra91 ! 
weak] & less agitat$ are expell'd by !  
/rong]1 :o by t means arrive !re alone4 
,i _h p>ticul>ly en\gh exp\nd$ all ^!   
?+s 9 a ,treatise :i* ,i =m]ly _h       
design'd to publi%3 ,9 pursuit :]e(1 ,i 
_h !re9 %ew$ :at ought to be ! fabrick (
 ! n]ves & muscles ( an humane body1 to 
cause ^? animall spirits :i* 7 9 !m1 to 
h ! p[] to move ^? memb]s4 ,z we see t  
heads a :ile aft] !y are cut (f1 yet    
move ( !mselves1 & bite ! gr\nd1 al?\gh 
!y are n !n animat$4 ,:at *anges ought  
to be made 9 ! bra9 to cause wak+1      
sleep+1 & dream+3 h[ light1 s\nds1      
smels1 ta/s1 heat1 & all o!r qualities (

 ext]i\r objects1 might impr9t sev]all  
,ideas by means ( ! s5ses4 ,h[ hung] &  
?ir/1 & ! o!r int]i\r passions might    
also s5d !irs ?i!r4 ,:at ought to be    
tak5 !re9 = common s5se1 :]e ^! ,ideas  
are receiv$2 = memory :i* pres]ves !m2 &
 = fancy1 :i* c div]sly *ange !m1 & =m  
new ones ( !m2 & by ! same means1       
di/ribut+ ! animal spirits into !       
muscles1 make ! memb]s ( ! body move 9 s
 _m sev]all fa%ions1 & z fitly to ^?    
objects :i* pres5t !mselves to its      
s5ses2 & to ! int]i\r passions :i* are 9
 !m1 z ours may move !mselves )\t !     
cons5t ( ! ,wil4 ,:i* wil seem no?+     
/range to ^?1 :o kn[+ h[ _m ,automatas  
or mov+ ,ma*9es ! indu/ry ( m5 c make1  
imploy+ b v few pieces1 9 comp>ison ( ! 
great abundance ( bones1 muscles1 n]ves1
 art]ies1 ve9s1 & all ! o!r p>ts :i* are
 9 ! body ( e ,animal1 w consid] ?is    
body z a fabrick1 :i* hav+ be5 made by !
 h&s ( ,god1 is incomp>ably bett] ord]$1
 & ha? m admirable motions 9 x !n any ( 
^? :i* c be inv5t$ by m54 ,& h]e9 ,i    

p>ticul>ly insi/$1 to make x appe>1 t if
 !re 7 su* ,ma*9es :i* _h organs1 & !   
ext]i\r figure ( an ,ape1 or ( any o!r  
unreasonable creature1 we %\ld f9de no  
means ( kn[+ !m n to be altoge!r ( !    
same nature z ^? ,animals3 :]eas1 if !re
 7 any :i* resembl$ our bodies1 &       
imitat$ our actions z mu* z morally x 7 
possible1 we %\ld always h two mo/ c]ta9
 ways to "k1 t = all t !y 7 n reall m53 
,! fir/ ( :i* is1 t !y c\ld nev] h ! use
 ( spee*1 nor ( o!r signes 9 fram+ x1 z 
we h1 to decl>e our ?\ghts to o!rs3 = we
 may well conceive1 t a ,ma*9e may be s 
made1 t x may utt] words1 & ev5 "s prop]
 to ! corporal actions1 :i* may cause "s
 *ange 9 its organs2 z if we t\* x 9 "s 
"p1 & x %\ld ask :at we w\ld say2 or s z
 x might cry out t "o hurts x1 & ! l3 b 
n t !y c div]sifie !m to answ] s5sibly  
to all :at %all be spok5 9 its pres5ce1 
z ! dulle/ m5 may d4 ,& ! second is1 ,t 
al?\gh !y did div]s ?+s aswel1 or p]haps
 bett]1 !n any ( u1 !y mu/ infallibly   
fail 9 "s o!rs1 :]eby we might discov] t

 !y act n ) k1 b onely by ! disposition 
( _! organs3 = :]eas ,reason is an      
univ]sal in/rum5t :i* may s]ve 9 all    
k9de ( enc\nt]s1 ^! organs h ne$ ( "s   
p>ticul> disposition = e p>ticul>       
action3 :5ce x is1 t its morally        
impossible = "o ,ma*9e to h sev]all     
organs en\gh to make x move 9 all !     
occurr5ces ( ?is life1 9 ! same mann] z 
our ,reason makes u move4 ,n[ by ^! two 
means we may also "k ! diff]5ce :i* is  
betwe5 ,m5 & ,bea/s3 ,= 'tis a v        
rem>kable ?+1 t !re are no m5 s dull & s
 /upid1 )\t except+ ^? :o are out ( _!  
wits1 b are capable to rank sev]all     
words toge!r1 & ( !m to compose a       
,disc\rse1 by :i* !y make kn[n _!       
?\ghts3 & t on ! contr>y1 !re is no o!r 
creature1 h[ p]fect or happily soev]    
br\ght =?1 :i* c d ! l4 ,! :i* happ5s1 n
 because !y want organs2 = we "k1 t     
,pyes & ,p>rots c utt] words ev5 z we c1
 & yet _c speak l u2 t is to say1 )     
evid5ce t !y ?9k :at !y say4 ,:]eas ,m51
 be+ born deaf & dumb1 & depriv$ ( ^?   

organs :i* seem to make o!rs speak1 z   
mu* or m !n bea/s1 usually inv5t (      
!mselves to be und]/ood by ^?1 :o       
commonly be+ ) !m1 h ! leisure to le>n  
_! expressions4 ,& ?is n onely          
witnesse?1 t ,bea/s h lesse reason ?an  
m51 b t !y h none at all4 ,= we see !re 
ne$s n mu* to le>n to speak3 & =asmu* z 
we obs]ve inequality among/ ,bea/s ( !  
same k9d1 aswell z among/ m51 & t "s are
 m easily manag$ !n o!rs2 'tis n to be  
believ$1 b t an ,ape or a ,p>rot :i* 7 !
 mo/ p]fect ( its k9de1 %\ld !re9 equall
 ! mo/ /upid *ild1 or at lea/ a *ild ( a
 di/ract$ bra91 if _! s\ls 7 n ( a      
nature :olly diff]5t f ours4 ,& we ought
 n to conf\nd words ) naturall motions1 
:i* witness passions1 & may be imitat$  
by ,ma*9es aswell z by ,animals2 nor ?9k
 7z "s ( ! ,anci5ts7 t bea/s speak1     
al?\gh we d n und]/& _! language3 = if x
 7 true1 s9ce !y h div]s organs :i*     
relate to ours1 !y c\ld aswell make     
!mselves und]/ood by u1 z by _! l4 ,its 
likewise v rem>kable t al?\gh !re are   

div]s creatures :i* express m indu/ry !n
 we 9 "s "o ( _! actions2 yet we may    
well p]ceive1 t ! same %ew none at all 9
 _m o!rs3 ,s t :at !y d bett] !n we1    
proves n at all t !y h reason2 = by t   
reckon+ !y w\ld h m !n any ( u1 & w\ld d
 bett] 9 all o!r ?+s2 b r1 t !y h none  
at all1 & t its ,nature onely :i* works 
9 !m accord+ to ! disposition ( _!      
organs4 ,z wee see a ,clock1 :i* is     
onely compos$ ( :eels & spr+s1 c reckon 
! h\rs1 & measure ! times m exactly !n  
we c ) all our prud5ce4  ,aft] ?is ,i _h
 describ$ ! reasonable ,s\l1 & made x   
appe>1 t x c\ld no way be drawn f ! p[] 
( ! ,matt]1 z o!r ?+s :]e( ,i _h spok52 
b t x ought to h be5 expresly creat$3 ,&
 h[ x suffise? n = x to be lodg'd 9 our 
humane body z a ,pilot 9 8 %ip1 to move 
its memb]s onely2 b also t its necess>y 
x be joyn$ & unit$ m /rongly !re) to h  
?\ghts & appetites l ours1 & s make a   
reall man4  ,i h "h dilat$ my self a    
little on ! subject ( ! ,s\l1 by reason 
'tis ( mo/ importance2 =1 next ! err\r (

 ^? :o d5y ,god1 :i* ,i ?9k ,i h already
 suffici5tly confut$1 !re is none :i*   
soon] e/range? feeble m9ds f ! "r way ( 
v]tue1 !n to imag9e t ! s\l ( bea/s is (
 ! same nature z ours1 & t consequ5tly  
we h no?+ to fe> nor hope aft] ?is life1
 no m !n flies or ants4 ,:]eas1 :5 we "k
 h[ diff]5t !y are1 we compreh5d mu*    
bett] ! reasons :i* prove t ours is ( a 
nature :olly indep5d+ f ! body1 &       
consequ5tly t x is n subject to die ) x4
 ,& t :5 we see no o!r cause :i* de/roys
 x1 we are naturally !nce mov$ to judge 
t x's immortall4     ,,"p4 ,,vi4   ,its 
n[ ?ree ye>s s9ce ,i end$ ! ,treatise   
:i* conta9s all ^! ?+s1 & t ,i began to 
review x1 to s5d x aft]w>ds to !        
,presse1 :5 ,i und]/ood1 t p]sons to :om
 ,i submit1 & ^: au?ority c no lesse    
comm& my actions1 !n my own ,reason do? 
my ?\ghts1 _h disapprov$ an op9ion 9    
,physicks1 publi%$ a little be=e by     
ano!r2 ( :i* ,i w n say t ,i 01 b t     
inde$ ,i _h obs]v$ no?+ !re91 be=e _!   
c5sure1 :i* ,i c\ld h imag9$            

prejudiciall ei!r to ,religion or !     
,/ate2 or consequ5tly1 :i* might h h9dr$
 me f writ+ ! same1 _h my ,reason       
p]swad$ mee !reto4 ,& ?is made me fe>1  
le/ 9 ! same mann] !re might be f\nd "s 
"o among/ m9e1 9 :i* ,i might h be5     
mi/ak52 not)/&+ ! great c>e ,i always _h
 to admit no new ones into my belief1 ( 
:i* ,i _h n mo/ c]ta9 demon/rations2 & n
 to write su* z might turn to !         
disadvantage ( any body4 ,:i* 0         
suffici5t to oblige me to *ange my      
resolution ( publi%+ !m4 ,= al?\gh !    
reasons = :i* ,i _h fir/ ( all tak5 x1 7
 v /rong2 yet my incl9ation1 :i* alwayes
 made me hate ! trade ( ,book-mak+1     
pres5tly f\nd me out o!rs en\gh to      
excuse my self f x4 ,& ^! reasons on !  
"o & o!r side are su*1 t ,i am n only   
some:at conc]n'd to speak !m2 b happily 
! ,publick also to "k !m4  ,i nev] did  
mu* e/eem ^? ?+s :i* proce$$ f m9e own  
bra92 & s long z ,i h ga!r$ no o!r      
fruits f ! ,me?od ,i use1 b onely t ,i h
 satisfi$ my self 9 "s difficulties :i* 

belong to speculative ,sci5ces1 or at   
lea/ endeav\r$ to regulate my ,mann]s by
 ! reasons x taught me1 ,i ?\ght my self
 n oblig$ to write any ?+ ( !m4 ,=1 z = 
:at conc]ns ,mann]s1 e "o ab\nds s mu* 9
 8 own s5se1 ,t we may f9de z _m ,re=m]s
 z heads1 7 x p]mitt$ to o!rs1 besides  
^? :om ,god ha? e/abli%$ z ,sov]aigns   
ov] 8 p1 or at lea/1 to :om he ha?      
disp5s$ grace & zeal en\gh to be        
,prophets1 to und]take ! *ange ( any ?+ 
!re94 ,& al?\gh my ,speculations did v  
mu* please me1 ,i did beleeve t o!r m5  
also _h "s1 :i* p]haps pleas'd !m m4 ,b 
z soon z ,i _h acquir$ "s g5]all notions
 t\*+ naturall ,philosophy1 & beg9n+ to 
prove !m 9 div]s p>ticul> difficulties1 
,i obs]v$ h[ f> !y might lead a man1 &  
h[ f> diff]5t !y 7 f ! pr9ciples :i* to 
?is day are 9 use2 ,i judg'd1 t ,i c\ld 
n keep !m hid )\t highly s9n+ aga9/ !   
,law1 :i* oblige? u to procure1 z mu* z 
9 u lies1 ! g5]al good ( all m54 ,= !y  
made x appe> to me1 t x 0 possible to   
atta9 to po9ts ( k1 :i* may be v        

pr(itable = ?is life3 & t 9 /ead ( ?is  
speculative ,philosophy :i* is taught 9 
! ,s*ools1 we might f9de out a          
practicall "o1 by :i* kn[+ ! =ce &      
work+s ( ,fire1 ,wat]1 ,air1 ( ! ,/>rs1 
( ! ,heav5s1 & ( all o!r ,bodies :i*    
environ u1 di/9ctly1 z we "k ! sev]al   
trades ( our ,h&icrafts1 we might 9 !   
same mann] employ !m to all uses to :i* 
!y are fit1 & s become ma/]s &          
possess\rs ( ,nature4 ,:i* is n onely to
 be desir$ = ! inv5tion ( v _m exp$i5ts 
( ,arts1 :i* )\t tr\ble might make u    
enjoy ! fruits ( ! e>?1 & all !         
conv5i5ces :i* are to be f\nd !re93 ,b  
*iefly also = ! pres]vation ( heal?1 :i*
 7)\t d\bt7 is ! fir/ good1 & !         
f\ndation ( all o!r good ?+s 9 ?is life4
 ,= ev5 ! m9de dep5ds s mu* on ! temp] &
 disposition ( ! organs ( ! body1 t if x
 be possible to f9de any way ( mak+ m5 9
 ! g5]all wis]1 & m able !n =m]ly !y 71 
,i beleeve x ought to be s\ght 9        
,physick4 ,true x is1 t :i* is n[ 9 use 
conta9s b few ?+s1 ^: b5efit is v       

rem>kable3 ,b 7)\t any designe ( slight+
 ( x7 ,i assure my self1 !re is none1   
ev5 ( _! own pr(ession1 b w cons5t1 t   
:atsoev] is kn[n !re91 is almo/ no?+ 9  
companion ( :at rema9s to be kn[n4 ,& t 
we might be fre$ f v _m diseases1 aswell
 ( ! body z ( ! m9d1 & ev5 also p]haps f
 ! weaknesses ( old age1 _h we b k en\gh
 ( _! ,causes1 & ( all ! ,rem$ies :]e)  
,nature ha? furni%$ u4 ,n[ hav+ a       
designe to employ all my life 9 !       
enquiry ( s necess>y a ,sci5ce2 & hav+  
f\nd a way1 ! foll[+ ( :i* me ?9ks might
 infallibly lead u to x1 unless we be   
h9dr$ by ! %ortness ( life1 or by defect
 ( exp]im5ts4 ,i judg'd t !re 0 no bett]
 ,rem$ie aga9/ ^? two imp$im5ts1 b      
fai?fully to communicate to ! publique1 
all t little ,i %\ld discov]1 & to      
invite all good ,wits to endev\r to     
advance f>!r 9 contribut+ e "o1 accord+ 
to 8 incl9ation & p[]1 to ^? ,exp]im5ts 
:i* are to be made1 & communicat+ also  
to ! publique all ! ?+s !y %\ld le>n2 s 
t ! la/1 beg9n+ :]e ! prec$5t end$1 & s 

joyn+ ! lives & labors ( _m 9 "o1 we    
might all toge!r advance fur!r !n any   
p>ticul> ,man c\ld d4  ,i also obs]v'd  
t\*+ ,exp]im5ts1 t !y are /ill s mu* ! m
 necess>y1 z we are m advanc'd 9 kn[l$g4
 ,= 9 ! beg9n+ x's bett] to use ^? only 
:i* ( !mselves are pres5t$ to our s5ses1
 & :i* we _c be ignorant (1 if we d b   
make ! lea/ reflections ^u !m1 !n to    
seek out ! r>e/ & mo/ /udi$ ones4 ,!    
reason :]e( is1 t ^? :i* are r>e/1 doe  
(t5 deceive1 :5 we seldome "k ! same ( !
 mo/ common ones1 & t ! circum/ances on 
:i* !y dep5d1 are1 z x 71 always s      
p>ticul>1 & s small1 t x's v uneasie to 
f9de !m out4 ,b ! ord] ,i obs]v$ h]e9 0 
?is4 ,fir/1 ,i endev\r$ to f9de 9 g5]all
 ! ,pr9ciples or fir/ ,causes ( :atsoev]
 is or may be 9 ! _w1 )\t consid]+ any  
?+ = ?is end1 b ,god alone :o creat$ x1 
or draw+ !m else:]e1 !n f c]ta9 se$s (  
,tru? :i* naturally are 9 our s\ls4     
,aft] ?is1 ,i exam9$ :at 7 ! fir/ & mo/ 
ord9>y ,effects :i* might be d$uc$ f ^! 
,causes3 ,& me ?9ks t !reby ,i f\nd out 

,heav5s1 ,/>rs1 an ,e>?2 & ev5 on !     
,e>?1 ,wat]1 ,air & ,fire1 ,m9]als1 & "s
 o!r su* l ?+s1 :i* are ! mo/ common1 & 
! mo/ simple ( all1 & consequ5tly ! mo/ 
easie to be und]/ood4 ,aft]w>ds1 :5 ,i  
w\ld desc5d to ^? :i* 7 m p>ticul>1 !re 
7 s _m sev]all ones pres5t$ !mselves to 
me1 t ,i did beleeve x impossible = a   
humane und]/&+ to di/+ui% ! =ms &       
species ( ,bodies :i* are on ! e>?1 f an
 inf9ite numb] ( o!rs :i* might be !re1 
_h x be5 ! w ( ,god s to place !m3 ,nor 
by consequ5ce to apply !m to our use1   
unless we set ! ,effects be=e ! ,causes1
 & make use ( div]s p>ticul> exp]im5ts2 
,9 relation to :i*1 revolv+ 9 my m9de   
all ^? objects :i* ev] 7 pres5t$ to my  
s5ses1 ,i d>e boldly say1 ,i obs]v$ no?+
 :i* ,i c\ld n fitly en\gh expla9 by !  
pr9ciples ,i _h f\nd4 ,b ,i mu/ also    
confesse t ! p[] ( ,nature is s ample & 
va/1 & ^! pr9ciples are s simple &      
g5]all1 t ,i c obs]ve almo/ no p>ticul> 
,effect1 b t ,i pres5tly "k x might be  
d$uc$ f !nce 9 _m sev]all ways3 & t     

commonly my greate/ difficulty is to    
f9de 9 :i* ( ^! ways x dep5ds !reon2 =  
,i "k no o!r exp$i5t = t1 b aga9 to seek
 "s exp]im5ts1 :i* may be su*1 t _! ev5t
 may n be ! same1 if x be 9 "o ( ^? ways
 :i* is to be expre/1 z if x 7 9 ano!r4 
,9 f9e1 ,i am gott5 s f>1 ,t 7me ?9ks7  
,i see well en\gh :at c\rse we ought to 
hold to make ! mo/ "p ( ^? exp]im5ts :i*
 may t5d to ?is effect4 ,b ,i also see  
!y are su*1 & ( s great a numb]1 t nei!r
 my h&s nor my e/ate 7?\gh ,i _h a ?\s& 
times m !n ,i h7 c\ld ev] suffice = all4
 ,s t accord+ z ,i %all h]eaft] h       
conv5i5cy to make m or few] ( !m1 ,i    
%all also advance m or lesse 9 ! k (    
,nature1 :i* ,i hop'd ,i %\ld make kn[n 
by ! ,treatise :i* ,i _h writt52 & !re9 
s cle>ly %ew ! b5efit :i* ! ,publick may
 receive !reby1 t ,i %\ld oblige all ^? 
9 g5]al :o desire ! good ( ,mank9de2 t  
is to say1 all ^? :o are inde$ v]tu\s1  
7& n s seem+ly1 or by op9ion only7      
aswell to communicate su* exp]im5ts z !y
 h already made1 z to help me 9 !       

enquiry ( ^? :i* are to be made4  ,b    
s9ce t "t1 o!r reasons h made me alt] my
 op9ion1 & ?9k t ,i truly ought to      
cont9ue to write ( all ^? ?+s :i* ,i    
judg'd ( any importance1 accord+ z ,i   
%\ld discov] ! tru? ( !m1 & take ! same 
c>e1 z if ,i 7 to pr9t !m2 z well t ,i  
might h s mu* ! m occasion ?r\ghly to   
exam9e !m2 z )\t d\bt1 we always look m 
n>r[ly to :at we (f] to ! publick view1 
!n to :at we compose onely = our own    
use3 & (t5times ! same ?+s :i* seem$    
true to me :5 ,i fir/ conceiv$ !m1      
appe>'d aft]w>ds false to me1 :5 ,i 0   
committ+ !m to pap]3 z also t ,i might  
lose no occasion ( b5efit+ ! ,publick1  
if ,i 7 able1 & t if my ,writ+s 7 ( any 
value1 ^? to ^: h&s !y %\ld come aft] my
 dea?1 might to make :at use ( !m !y ?9k
 fit4  ,b t ,i ought n any wayes to     
cons5t t !y %\ld be publi%$ dur+ my     
life2 ,t nei!r ! opposition &           
controv]sies1 :]eto p]haps !y might be  
obnoxi\s1 nor ev5 ! reputation :atsoev] 
x 71 :i* !y might acquire me1 might give

 me any occasion ( misp5d+ ! "t ,i _h   
design'd to employ = my in/ruction2 =   
al?\gh x be true t e ,man is oblig'd to 
procure1 z mu* z 9 him lies1 ! good (   
o!rs2 & t to be pr(itable to no body1 is
 prop]ly to be good = no?+3 ,yet x's z  
true1 t our c>e ought to rea* beyond !  
pres5t "t2 & t x 7 good to omit ^? ?+s  
:i* might p]haps conduce to ! b5efit (  
^? :o are alive1 :5 our designe is1 to  
doe o!rs :i* %all prove f>r m           
advantagi\s to our po/]ity2 ,z inde$ ,i 
desire x may be kn[n t ! little ,i h    
le>nt hi!rto1 is almo/ no?+ 9 comp>ison 
( :at ,i am ignorant (2 & ,i doe n      
despair to be able to le>n3 ,= x's ev5 !
 same ) ^?1 :o by little & little       
discov] ! tru? 9 ,le>n+2 z ) ^? :o      
beg9n+ to gr[ ri*1 are less tr\bl$ to   
make great pur*ases1 !n !y 7 be=e :5 !y 
7 poor]1 to make little ones4 ,or else  
"o may comp>e !m to ,g5]als ( ,armies1  
^: ,=ces usually encrease porportionably
 to _! ,victories2 & :o h ne$ ( m       
conduct to ma9ta9 !mselves aft] ! loss (

 a battail1 !n aft] ! ga9+ "o1 to take  
,t[ns & ,prov9ces4 ,= to endeav\r to    
ov]come all ! difficulties & err\rs :i* 
h9d] u to come to ! kn[l$g ( ! ,tru?1 is
 truly to fight battails4 ,& to receive 
any false op9ion t\*+ a g5]all or       
weighty matt]1 is z mu* z to lose "o2   
!re is f> m dext]ity requir$ to recov]  
our =m] condition1 !n to make great     
progresses :]e our ,pr9ciples are       
already c]ta94 ,= my "p1 if ,i =m]ly h  
discov]$ "s ,tru?s 9 ,le>n+1 z ,i hope  
my ,disc\rse w make x appe> ,i h1 ,i may
 say1 !y are b ! products & dep5dances (
 five or six pr9cipall difficulties :i* 
,i h ov]come1 & :i* ,i reckon = s _m won
 ,battails on my side4 ,nei!r w ,i =be> 
to say2 ,t ,i ?9k1 ,x's only necess>y = 
me to w9 two or ?ree m su*1 :olly to    
p]fect my design4 ,& t ,i am n s old1 b 
accord+ to ! ord9>y c\rse ( ,nature1 ,i 
may h "t en\gh to effect x4 ,b ,i       
beleeve ,i am s mu* ! m oblig$ to husb& 
! re/ ( my "t1 z ,i h m hopes to employ 
x well2 )\t d\bt1 ,i %\ld h div]s       

occasions ( imp$+ x1 %\ld ,i publi% !   
gr\nds ( my ,physicks4 ,= al?\gh !y are 
almo/ all s evid5t1 t to beleeve !m1 x's
 ne$full onely to und]/& !m2 & t !re is 
none :]e( ,i ?9k my self unable to give 
demon/ration4 ,yet because x's          
impossible t !y %\ld agree ) all !      
sev]all op9ions ( o!r m51 ,i =esee ,i   
%\ld (t5 be div]t$ by ! opposition !y   
w\ld occasion4  ,x may be object$1 ,^!  
oppositions might be pr(itable1 z well  
to make me "k my faults1 z if any ?+ (  
m9e 7 good to make o!rs by t means come 
to a bett] und]/&+ !re(2 & z _m may see 
m !n "o man1 beg9n+ f ?is "t to make use
 ( my gr\nds1 !y might also help me ) _!
 inv5tion4 ,b al?\gh ,i "k my self      
extremely subject to fail1 & d nev]     
almo/ tru/ my fir/ ?\ghts2 yet !        
exp]i5ce ,i h ( ! objections :i* may be 
made unto me1 h9d] me f hop+ = any pr(it
 f !m2 ,= ,i h (t5 tri$ ! judgm5ts z    
well ( ^? :om ,i e/eem'd my fri5ds1 z ( 
o!rs :om ,i ?\ght indiff]5t1 & ev5 also 
( "s1 ^: malignity & envie did          

suffici5tly discov] :at ! affection ( my
 fri5ds might hide4 ,b x seldom happ5$ t
 any ?+ 0 object$ aga9/ me1 :i* ,i _h n 
altoge!r =ese51 unless x 7 v remote f my
 ,subject3 ,s t ,i nev] almo/ met ) any 
,c5sur] ( my op9ions1 t seem$ unto me   
ei!r less rigor\s1 or less equitable !n 
my self4 ,nei!r did ,i ev] obs]ve1 t by 
! disputations practic$ 9 ! ,s*ools any 
,tru? :i* 0 =m]ly unkn[n1 0 ev]         
discov]$4 ,= :ile/ e "o seeks to        
ov]come1 m5 /rive m to ma9ta9           
probabilities1 !n to weigh ! reasons on 
bo? sides2 & ^? :o = a long "t h be5    
good ,advocates1 are n !re=e ! bett]    
,judges aft]w>ds4  ,z = ! b5efit :i*    
o!rs may receive f ! communication ( my 
?\ghts1 x _c also be v great1 =asmu* z  
,i h n yet p]fect$ !m1 b t x is necess>y
 to add _m ?+s !reunto1 be=e a usefull  
application c be made ( !m4 ,& ,i ?9k ,i
 may say )\t vanity1 ,t if !re be any "o
 capable !re(1 x mu/ be my self1 r !n   
any o!r4 ,n b t !re may be div]s wits 9 
! _w incomp>ably bett] !n m9e2 b because

 m5 _c s well conceive a ?+ & make x _! 
own1 :5 !y le>n x ( ano!r1 z :5 !y inv5t
 x !mselves3 :i* is s true 9 ?is        
,subject1 t al?\gh ,i h (t5 expla9'd "s 
( my op9ions to v und]/&+ m51 & :o1     
:ile/ ,i spake to !m1 seem'd v di/9ctly 
to conceive !m2 yet :5 !y repeat$ !m1 ,i
 obs]v'd1 t !y *ang'd !m almo/ always 9 
su* a mann]1 t ,i c\ld no long] own !m =
 m9e4 ,^u :i* occasion1 ,i %all gladly  
"h desire ^? :o come aft] me1 nev] to   
beleeve ^? ?+s :i* may be deliv]$ to !m 
= m9e1 :5 ,i h n publi%$ !m my self4 ,& 
,i d n at all wond] at ! extravagancies 
:i* are attribut$ to all ^? anci5t      
,philosoph]s1 ^: ,writ+s we h n2 nei!r d
 ,i !reby judge1 t _! ?\ghts 7 v        
irrationall1 see+ !y 7 ! be/ ,wits ( _! 
"t2 b onely t !y h be5 ill convey'd to  
u3 z x appe>s also1 t nev] any ( _!     
foll[]s surpass'd !m4 ,& ,i assure my   
self1 t ! mo/ passionate ( ^?1 :o n[    
foll[ ,ari/otle1 w\ld beleeve himself   
happy1 _h he b z mu* k ( ,nature z he   
_h1 al?\gh x 7 on condition t he nev]   

might h m3 ,!y are l ! ivie1 :i* seeks  
to climb no high] !n ! trees :i* support
 x1 & ev] aft] t5ds d[nw>ds aga9 :5 x   
ha? atta9'd to ! height !re(3 =1 me ?9ks
 also1 t su* m5 s9k d[nw>ds2 t is to    
say1 r5d] !mselves 9 "s mann] lesse     
kn[+1 !n if !y did ab/a9 f /udy+2 :o be+
 n cont5t to "k all :i* is intelligibly 
set d[n 9 _! ,au?\r1 w besides t1 f9de  
out ! solution ( div]s difficulties (   
:i* he says no?+1 & p]haps nev] ?\ght ( 
!m3 yet _! way ( ,philosophy is v fit = 
^? :o h b mean capacities3 ,= !         
obscurity ( ! di/9ctions & pr9ciples :i*
 !y use cause? !m to speak ( all ?+s z  
boldly1 z if !y knew !m1 & ma9ta9 all   
:i* !y say1 aga9/ ! mo/ subtill & mo/   
able2 s t !re is no means left to       
conv9ce !m4 ,:]e9 !y seem l to a bl9de  
man1 :o1 to fight )\t disadvantage aga9/
 "o t sees1 %\ld *all5ge him d[n into ! 
bottom ( a v d>k cell>3 ,& ,i may say1 t
 x is ^! m5s int]e/1 t ,i %\ld ab/a9 f  
publi%+ ! pr9ciples ( ! ,philosophy ,i  
use1 = be+ mo/ simple & mo/ evid5t1 z !y

 are1 ,i %\ld ev5 d ! same 9 publi%+ (  
!m1 z if ,i op5$ "s w9d[s1 to let ! day 
into ?is cell>1 into :i* !y g d[n to    
fight4 ,b ev5 ! be/ ,wits h no reason to
 wi% = ! k ( !m3 = if !y w be able to   
speak ( all ?+s1 & acquire ! reputation 
( be+ le>n$1 !y w easily atta9 to x by  
cont5t+ !mselves ) probability1 :i* )\t 
mu* tr\ble may be f\nd 9 all k9de (     
matt]s2 !n 9 seek+ ! ,tru?1 :i* discov]s
 x self b by little & little1 9 "s few  
?+s2 & :i*1 :5 we are to speak ( o!rs1  
oblige u freely to confesse our         
ignorance ( !m4 ,b if !y pref] ! k ( "s 
few tru?s to ! vanity ( seem+ to be     
ignorant ( no?+1 z )\t d\bt !y ought to 
d1 & w und]take a designe l m9e1 ,i ne$ 
n tell !m any m = ?is purpose1 b :at ,i 
h already said 9 ?is ,disc\rse3 ,= if !y
 h a capacity to advance f>!r !n ,i h   
done1 !y may ) great] consequ5ce f9de   
out ( !mselves :atsoev] ,i ?9k ,i h     
f\nd2 ,=asmu* z hav+ nev] exam9$ any ?+ 
b by ord]1 x's c]ta91 t :at rema9s yet =
 me to discov]1 is 9 x self m difficult 

& m hid1 !n :at ,i h already "h be=e met
 )2 & !y w\ld receive mu* less          
satisfaction 9 le>n+ x f me1 !n f       
!mselves4 ,besides t1 ! habit :i* !y    
w\ld get by seek+ fir/ ( all ! easie    
?+s1 & pass+ by degrees to o!rs m       
difficult1 w be m usefull to !m1 !n all 
my in/ructions4 ,z ,i = my "p am        
p]swad$1 t _h ,i be5 taught f my y\? all
 ! ,tru?s ^: demon/rations ,i h discov]$
 s9ce1 & _h tak5 no pa9s to le>n !m1    
p]haps ,i %\ld nev] h kn[n any o!r1 or  
at lea/1 ,i %\ld nev] h acquir$ t habit1
 & t faculty :i* ,i ?9k ,i h1 /ill to   
f9de out new ones1 z ,i apply my self to
 ! se>* ( !m4 ,& 9 a ^w1 if !re be 9 !  
_w any "w :i* _c be s well end$ by any  
o!r1 z by ! same :o began x1 x's t :i*  
,i am n[ ab\t4  ,x's true1 ,t "o man w n
 be suffici5t to make all ! exp]im5ts   
:i* may conduce !reunto3 ,b )all1 he _c 
pr(itably imploy o!r h&s !n 8 own1      
unlesse x be ^? ( ,arti/s1 or o!rs :om  
he hires1 & :om ! hope ( pr(it 7:i* is a
 v p[]full motive7 might cause exactly  

to d all ^? ?+s he %\ld appo9t !m3 ,= z 
= volunt>y p]sons1 :o by curiosity or a 
desire to le>n1 w\ld p]haps (f] !mselves
 to 8 help1 besides t commonly !y       
promise m !n !y p]=m1 & make onely fair 
propositions1 :]e( none ev] succe$s1 !y 
w\ld infallibly be paid by ! solution ( 
"s difficulties1 or at lea/ by          
complem5ts & unpr(itable ent]ta9m5ts1   
:i* c\ld n co/ him s little ( 8 "t1 b he
 w\ld be a los] !reby4 ,& = ! ,exp]im5ts
 :i* o!rs h already made1 al?\gh !y w\ld
 ev5 communicate !m to him 7:i* ^? :o   
call !m ,secrets w\ld nev] d17 !y are = 
! mo/ "p compos$ ( s _m circum/ances1 or
 sup]flu\s +r$i5ts1 t x w\ld be v h>d = 
him to decyph] ! tru? ( !m3 ,besides1 he
 w\ld f9d !m all s ill expre/1 or else s
 false1 by reason t ^? :o made !m h     
lab\r$ to make !m appe> con=mable to _! 
pr9ciples2 t if !re 7 any :i* s]v$ _!   
turn1 !y c\ld n at lea/ be wor? ! :ile  
:i* mu/ be imploy$ 9 ! *oice ( !m4 ,s t1
 if !re 7 any 9 ! _w t 7 c]ta9ly kn[n to
 be capable ( f9d+ out ! greate/ ?+s1 & 

! mo/ pr(itable = ! ,publick :i* c\ld   
be1 & t o!r m5 w\ld !re=e lab\r alwayes 
to assi/ him to accompli% 8 ,designes2  
,i d n conceive t !y c\ld d m = him1 !n 
furni% ! exp5ce ( ! exp]im5ts :]e( he   
/ood 9 ne$2 & besides1 take c>e only t  
he may n be by any body h9dr$ ( 8 "t4 ,b
 besides t1 ,i d n presume s mu* ( my   
,self1 z to promise any ?+ extraord9>y1 
nei!r d ,i fe$ my self ) su* va9 hopes1 
z to imag9e t ! ,publick %\ld mu*       
int]esse x self 9 my designes2 ,i h n s 
base a m9de1 z to accept ( any fav\r    
:atsoev]1 :i* might be ?\ght ,i _h n    
des]v$4  ,all ^! consid]ations joyn$    
toge!r1 7 ! cause ?ree ye>s s9ce :y ,i  
w\ld n divulge ! ,treatise ,i _h 9 h&2 &
 :i* is m1 t ,i resolv$ to publi% none  
:ile/ ,i liv$1 :i* might be s g5]al1 z t
 ! ,gr\nds ( my ,philosophy might be    
und]/ood !reby4 ,b s9ce1 !re ha? be5 two
 o!r reasons h oblig$ me to put =? "s   
p>ticul> ,essays1 & to give ! ,publick  
"s acc\nt ( my ,actions & ,designes4 ,! 
fir/ 01 t if ,i fail$ !re91 div]s :o    

knew ! int5tion ,i =m]ly _h to pr9t "s (
 my ,writ+s1 might imag9e t ! causes =  
:i* ,i =bore x1 might be m to my        
disadvantage !n !y are4 ,= al?\gh ,i d n
 affect glory 9 excess2 or ev51 7if ,i  
may s speak7 t ,i hate x1 z f> z ,i     
judge x contr>y to my re/1 :i* ,i e/eem 
above all ?+s3 ,yet also did ,i nev]    
seek to hide my actions z crimes1 nei!r 
h ,i be5 v w>y to keep my self unkn[n2 z
 well because ,i ?\ght ,i might wrong my
 self1 z t x might 9 "s mann] disquiet  
me1 :i* w\ld aga9 h be5 contr>y to !    
p]fect repose ( my m9de :i* ,i seek4 ,& 
because hav+ alwayes kept my self       
indiff]5t1 c>+ n :e!r ,i 7 kn[n or no1  
,i c\ld n *use b get "s k9de (          
reputation1 ,i ?\ght t ,i ought to d my 
be/ to h9d] x at lea/ f be+ ill4 ,! o!r 
reason :i* oblig$ me to write ?is1 is1 t
 obs]v+ e day m & m ! designe ,i h to   
in/ruct my self1 ret>d$ by reason ( an  
inf9ite numb] ( exp]im5ts :i* are ne$ful
 to me1 & :i* its impossible = me to    
make )\t ! help ( o!rs2 al?\gh ,i d n s 

mu* flatt] my self1 z to hope t !       
,publick1 %>es mu* 9 my conc]nm5ts2 yet 
w ,i n also be s mu* want+ to my self1 z
 to give any cause to ^? :o %all survive
 me1 to reproa* ?is1 "o day to me1 ,t ,i
 c\ld h left !m div]s ?+s f> beyond :at 
,i h done1 _h ,i n too mu* neglect$ to  
make !m und]/& :]e9 !y might contribute 
to my designe4  ,& ,i ?\ght x easie = me
 to *oose "s matt]s1 :i* be+ n subject  
to _m ,controv]sies1 nor oblig+ me to   
decl>e any m ( my ,pr9ciples !n ,i w\ld 
will+ly1 w\ld nev]!lesse expresse cle>ly
 en\gh1 :at my abilities or defects are 
9 ! ,sci5ces4 ,:]e9 ,i _c say :e!r ,i h 
succe$$ or no2 nei!r w ,i prev5t !      
judgm5t ( any man by speak+ ( my own    
,writ+s3 b ,i %\ld be glad !y might be  
exam9'd2 & to t end ,i besee* all ^? :o 
h any objections to make1 to take ! pa9s
 to s5d !m to my ,/ation]1 t ,i be+     
adv]tis$ by him1 may endeav\r at ! same 
"t to adjoyn my ,answ] !reunto3 & by t  
means1 ! ,read] see+ bo? ! "o & ! o!r1  
may ! m easily judge ( ! ,tru?4 ,= ,i   

promise1 t ,i w nev] make any long      
,answ]s1 b only v freely confesse my own
 faults1 if ,i f9d !m2 or if ,i _c      
discov] !m1 pla9ly say :at ,i %al ?9k   
requisite 9 def5ce ( :at ,i h writ1 )\t 
add+ ! explanation ( any new matt]1 t ,i
 may n endlesly engage my self out ( "o 
into ano!r4  ,n[ if !re be any :]e( ,i h
 spok5 9 ! beg9n+1 ( ! ,opticks & ( !   
,meteors1 :i* at fir/ j>r1 by reason t  
,i call !m ,suppositions1 & t ,i seem n 
will+ to prove !m2 let a man h b !      
pati5ce to read ! :ole att5tively1 & ,i 
hope he w re/ satisfi$3 ,= 7me ?9ks7 !  
reasons foll[ ea* o!r s closely1 t z !  
lat] are demon/rat$ by ! =m]1 :i* are _!
 ,causes2 ! =m] are reciprocally prov$  
by ! lat]1 :i* are _! ,effects4 ,& no   
man c imag9e t ,i h]e9 commit ! fault   
:i* ! ,logicians call a ,circle2 =      
exp]i5ce r5dr+ ! greate/ "p ( ^! effects
 mo/ c]ta91 ! causes :5ce ,i d$uce !m   
s]ve n s mu* to prove1 z to expla9 !m2 b
 on ! contr>y1 !y are ^? :i* are prov$  
by !m4 ,nei!r nam$ ,i !m ,suppositions1 

t x might be kn[n t ,i conceive my self 
able to d$uce !m f ^? fir/ ,tru?s :i* ,i
 h be=e discov]$3 ,b t ,i w\ld n        
expresly d x to crosse c]ta9 spirits1 :o
 imag9e t !y "k 9 a day al :at ano!r may
 h ?\ght 9 tw5ty ye]s1 z soon z he ha?  
told !m b two or ?ree words2 & :o are s 
mu* ! m subject to erre1 & less capable 
( ! ,tru?1 7z !y are m quick & p5etrat+7
 f tak+ occasion ( erect+ "s extravagant
 ,philosophy on :at !y may beleeve to be
 my ,pr9ciples1 & le/ ! fault %\ld be   
attribut$ to me4 ,= z = ^? op9ions :i*  
are :olly m9e1 ,i excuse !m n z be+ new1
 because t if ! reasons ( !m be s]i\sly 
consid]$1 ,i assure my self1 !y w be    
f\nd s pla91 & s agreeable to common    
s5se1 t !y w seem less extraord9>y &    
/range !n any o!r :i* may be held on !  
same ,subjects4 ,nei!r d ,i boa/ t ,i am
 ! fir/ ,inv5tor ( any ( !m2 b ( ?is    
inde$1 t ,i nev] admitt$ any ( !m1 nei!r
 because !y _h1 or _h n be5 said by     
o!rs1 b only because ,reason p]swad$ me 
to !m4  ,if ,me*anicks _c s soon put 9  

practise ! ,inv5tion :i* is set =? 9 !  
,opticks1 ,i beleeve t !re=e m5 ought n 
to condemn x2 =asmu* z skill & practice 
are necess>y = ! mak+ & compleat+ !     
,ma*9es ,i h describ$2 s t no           
circum/ance %\ld be want+4 ,i %\ld no   
less wond] if !y %\ld succe$ at fir/    
triall1 !n if a man %\ld le>n 9 a day to
 play excell5tly well on a ,lute1 by    
hav+ an exact piece set be=e him4 ,& if 
,i write 9 ,fr5*1 :i* is ! language ( my
 ,c\ntry1 r !n 9 ,lat91 :i* is t ( my   
,tutors1 'tis because ,i hope su* :o use
 _! me] naturall reason1 wil bett] judge
 ( my op9ions1 !n ^? :o only beleeve 9  
old ,books4 ,& = ^? :o joyn a "r und]/&+
 ) /udy1 7:o ,i only wi% = my ,judges7  
,i assure my self1 !y w n be s p>tiall  
to ! ,lat91 z to refuse to read my      
reasons because ,i expresse !m 9 a vulg>
 tongue4  ,to conclude1 ,i w n speak "h 
9 p>ticul> ( ! progresse ,i hop$ to make
 h]eaft] 9 ,le>n+2 ,nor engage my self  
by any promise to ! ,publick1 :i* ,i am 
n c]ta9 to p]=m4 ,b ,i %all onely say1  

,t ,i am resolv$ to employ ! rema9d] (  
my life 9 no o!r ?+ b ! /udy to acquire 
"s su* k ( ,nature z may furni% u ) m   
c]ta9 rules 9 ,physick !n we hi!rto h   
_h3 ,& t my incl9ation drives me s      
/rongly f all o!r k9d ( designes1 *iefly
 f ^? :i* _c be pr(itable to any1 b by  
prejudic+ o!rs2 t if any occasion oblig$
 me to sp5d my "t !re91 ,i %\ld beleeve 
,i %\ld nev] succe$ !re93 :i* ,i "h     
decl>e1 ?\gh ,i well "k x conduce? n to 
make me consid]able 9 ! _w2 nei!r is x  
my ambition to be s4 ,& ,i %all e/eem my
 self always m oblig$ to ^? by ^: fav\r 
,i %al )\t di/urbance enjoy my ease1 !n 
to !m :o %\ld pr(f] me ! mo/ hon\rable  
imploym5t ( ! e>?4  ,,f9is4             
----------------------------------------
----------------------                  
,transcrib]'s ,notes & ,errata          
,"o in/ance ea* ( :at-ev] & :atev] 7    
f\nd       9 ! orignal4                 
,! foll[+ typographical errors 7        
correct$3                               
,error         ,correction              

or            our                       
,phpsick       ,physick                 
morewor?y    m wor?y                    
exam9anation exam9ation                 
mnn]         mann]                      
propable      probable                  
rape          grape                     
veuture       v5ture                    
circum/rance circum/ance                
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