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,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city ,pi]ce1 ,h4 ,gordon1 #ajc ,p>k ,ave41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city ,pirrung1 ,miss ,l4 ,m41 #ggi ,ea/ ,ave41 ,ro*e/] ,pom]oy1 ,a4 ,c41 ,lockport ,rawnsley1 ,mrs4 ,annie1 #bdb ,l9d5 ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,rawnsley1 ,james ,b41 #bdb ,l9d5 ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,s*ro$]1 ,e4 ,a41 #bbc ,ea/ ,ave41 ,ro*e/] ,%utt1 ,erw9 ,e41 #eji ,plym\? ,ave41 ,ro*e/] ,snyd]1 ,l]oy ,e41 #bda ,b>r+ton ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,solley1 ,dr4 ,john ,b41 #ifh ,lex+ton ,ave41 ,new ,york ,city ,teele1 ,ar?ur ,w41 #abj ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city ,tuck]1 ,ar?ur ,r41 ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce1 ,ro*e/] ,tuck]1 ,geo4 ,b41 #aaj ,h>v>d ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,vick1 ,c4 ,a41 #adb ,h>v>d ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,voll]ts51 ,conrad1 #cge ,gregory ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,wall]1 ,p]cy1 #bhd ,c\rt ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,wile1 ,m4 ,e41 #iee ,h>v>d ,/41 ,ro*e/] ,williams1 ,dr4 ,*as4 ,mallory1 #d ,w4 #ej? ,/41 ,new ,york ,city 99,wisman1 ,mrs4 ,f4 de ,r4 ,we/*e/]1 ,new ,york ,city ,wyck(f1 ,e4 ,l41 ,aurora ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a ,hut*+s1 ,miss ,l4 ,g41 ,p9e ,bluff ,mat!ws1 ,c4 ,d41 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,dept4 ( ,agriculture1 ,raleigh ,van ,l9dley1 ,j41 7,j4 ,van ,l9dley ,nurs]y ,co471 ,pomona ,,ohio ,beatty1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,m4 ,l41 ,r\te #c1 ,croton ,road1 ,c5t]burg ,coon1 ,*>les1 ,groveport ,dayton1 ,j4 ,h41 7,/orrs ,h>rison71 ,pa9esville ,fickes1 ,w4 ,r41 ,woo/]1 ,r4 ,no4 #f ,h9n51 ,dr4 ,g4 ,a41 #acdc ,delta ,ave41 ,c9c9nati ,neff1 ,wm4 ,n41 ,m>tel 99,web]1 ,h>ry ,r41 #abc ,ea/ #f? ,/41 ,c9c9nati ,,oregon ,fro/1 ,e>l ,c41 ,r\te #a1 ,box #eae1 ,gates ,rd41 ,portl& ,,p5nsylvania ,al?\se1 ,c4 ,scott1 #edj ,pe> ,/41 ,read+ ,&]s1 ,/anley ,s41 ,norri/[n ,baum1 ,dr4 ,f4 ,l41 ,boy]t[n ,bohn1 ,dr4 ,h4 ,w41 #cd ,no4 #i? ,/41 ,read+ ,bolton1 ,*>les ,g41 ,ziegl]ville ,boy ,sc\ts ( ,am]ica1 ,read+ ,druckemill]1 ,w4 ,h41 #ca ,n4 #d? ,/41 ,sunbury ,fritz1 ,ammon ,p41 #ce ,e4 ,frankl9 ,/41 ,ephrata ,gribbel1 ,mrs4 ,john1 ,wyncote ,h]%ey1 ,john ,w41 ,ronks ,hess1 ,elam ,g41 ,manheim ,hile1 ,an?ony1 ,curw5sville ,hor/1 ,john ,d41 ,read+ ,j5k9s1 ,*>les ,francis1 ,f>m ,j\rnal1 ,philadelphia ,jock]s1 ,fr$'k ,j41 #d ,e4 ,t[n%ip ,l9e1 ,j5k9t[n 99,jones1 ,j4 ,f41 ,lanca/]1 ,box #ebg ,kaufman1 ,m4 ,m41 ,cl>ion ,lea*1 ,w1 ,cornell ,build+1 ,scranton ,mellor1 ,alfr$1 #aeb ,w4 ,walnut ,lane1 ,g]mant[n1 ,philadelphia ,m9ick1 ,c4 ,g41 ,ridgway ,pad51 ,riley ,w41 ,enon ,valley ,patt]son1 ,j4 ,e41 #gg ,nor? ,frankl9 ,/41 ,wilkes ,b>re ,pratt1 ,ar?ur ,h41 ,k5nett ,squ>e 99,rick1 ,john1 #dch ,p5n ,squ>e1 ,read+ ,ritt5h\se1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,s41 ,lorane ,rose1 ,william ,j41 #dac ,m>ket ,/41 ,h>risburg1 ,p]sonal ,ros5b]ry1 ,w4 ,h41 ,box #aad1 ,lansdale ,ru%1 ,j4 ,g41 ,we/ ,will[ ,sm$ley1 ,samuel ,l41 ,newton ,squ>e1 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 ,no4 #a ,sm$ley1 ,mrs4 ,samuel ,l41 ,newt[n ,sq41 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 ,no4 #a ,smi?1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,russell1 ,sw>?more ,taylor1 ,l[ndes1 ,we/ ,*e/]1 ,box #c1 ,r\te #a ,weav]1 ,william ,s41 ,mc,cungie ,:itn]1 ,h>ry ,d41 ,read+ ,wilhelm1 ,dr4 ,edw>d ,a41 ,cl>ion 99,wi/]1 ,john ,c41 ,cl>kson & ,wi/] ,/s41 ,g]mant[n ,wolf1 ,d4 ,d41 #ebg ,v9e ,/41 ,philadelphia ,zimm]man1 ,dr4 ,g4 ,a41 ,piket[n ,,rhode ,,isl& ,all51 ,philip1 ,provid5ce ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a ,taylor1 ,?os41 #aaab ,bull ,/41 ,columbia ,,t5nessee ,waite1 ,j4 ,w41 ,norm&y ,,utah ,smi?1 ,joseph ,a41 ,edgewood ,hall1 ,provid5ce ,,v]mont ,aldri*1 ,a4 ,w41 ,spr+field1 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 ,no4 #c ,ellis1 ,z5as ,h41 ,fair ,hav5 ,holbrook1 ,f4 ,c41 ,battleboro ,,virg9ia ,dodge1 ,h>rison ,h41 ,m\nt ,v]non ,g\ld1 ,ka!r9e ,clemons1 ,boonsboro1 ,c>e ( ,c4 ,m4 ,daniels1 via ,lyn*burg1 ,r4 ,f4 ,d4 #d ,h>ris1 ,d4 ,s41 ,roselawn1 ,capital ,l&+ ,road1 ,williamsburg1 ,r4 #c ,hopk9s1 ,n4 ,s41 ,dixondale ,jordan1 ,j4 ,h41 ,bohannon ,moock1 ,h>ry ,c1 ,roanoke1 ,r\te #e ,,wa%+ton ,b]g1 ,d4 ,h41 ,nooksack ,turk1 ,ri*>d ,h41 ,wa%\gal ,,we/ ,,virg9ia ,brooks1 ,fr$ ,e41 ,fr5* ,creek ,cannaday1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,e41 ,*>le/on1 ,box #fic ,h>tzel1 ,b4 ,f41 ,%eph]d/[n ,mi%1 ,a4 ,f41 ,inwood 99 ,life ,memb] ,honor>y ,memb] ,,con/itution ,,article ,i ,"n4 ,?is society %all be kn[n z ! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association4 ,,article ,,ii ,object4 ,its object %all be ! promotion ( int]e/ 9 nut-be>+ plants1 _! products & _! culture4 ,,article ,,iii ,memb]%ip4 ,memb]%ip 9 ! society %all be op5 to all p]sons :o desire to fur!r nut culture1 )\t ref]5ce to place ( resid5ce or nationality1 subject to ! rules & regulations ( ! committee on memb]%ip4 ,,article ,,iv ,(fic]s4 ,!re %all be a presid5t1 a vice-presid5t1 a secret>y & a treasur]1 :o %all be elect$ by ballot at ! annual meet+2 & an executive committee ( six p]sons1 ( :i* ! presid5t1 ! two la/ retir+ presid5ts1 ! vice-presid5t1 ! secret>y & ! treasur] %all be memb]s4 ,!re %all be a /ate vice-presid5t f ea* /ate1 dep5d5cy1 or c\ntry repres5t$ 9 ! memb]%ip ( ! association1 :o %all be appo9t$ by ! presid5t4 ,,article ,v ,election ( ,(fic]s4 ,a committee ( five memb]s %all be elect$ at ! annual meet+ = ! purpose ( nom9at+ (fic]s = ! foll[+ ye>4 ,,article ,,vi ,meet+s4 ,! place & "t ( ! annual meet+ %all be select$ by ! memb]%ip 9 session or1 9 ! ev5t ( no selection be+ made at ?is "t1 ! executive committee %all *oose ! place & "t = ! hold+ ( ! annual conv5tion4 ,su* o!r meet+s z may seem desirable may be call$ by ! presid5t & executive committee4 ,,article ,,vii ,quorum4 ,t5 memb]s ( ! association %all con/itute a quorum1 b mu/ include two ( ! f\r elect$ (fic]s4 ,,article ,,viii ,am5dm5ts4 ,?is con/itution may be am5d$ by a two-?irds vote ( ! memb]s pres5t at any annual meet+1 notice ( su* am5dm5t hav+ be5 read at ! previ\s annual meet+1 or a copy ( ! propos$ am5dm5t hav+ be5 mail$ by any memb] to ea* memb] ?irty days be=e ! date ( ! annual meet+4 ,,by-,,laws ,,article ,i ,committees4 ,! association %all appo9t /&+ committees z foll[s3 ,on memb]%ip1 on f9ance1 on programme1 on press & publication1 on nom5clature1 on promis+ se$l+s1 on hybrids1 & an audit+ committee4 ,! committee on memb]%ip may make recomm5dations to ! association z to ! discipl9e or expulsion ( any memb]4 ,,article ,,ii ,fees4 ,annual memb]s %all pay ?ree doll>s annually1 or five doll>s1 includ+ a ye>'s subscription to ! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal4 ,contribut+ memb]s %all pay t5 doll>s annually1 ?is memb]%ip includ+ a ye>'s subscription to ! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal4 ,life memb]s %all make "o paym5t ( fifty doll>s1 & %all be exempt f fur!r dues4 ,honor>y memb]s %all be exempt f dues4 ,,article ,,iii ,memb]%ip4 ,all annual memb]%ips %all beg9 ei!r ) ! fir/ day ( ! cal5d> qu>t] foll[+ ! date ( jo9+ ! ,association1 or ) ! fir/ day ( ! cal5d> qu>t] prec$+ t date z may be arrang$ betwe5 ! new memb] & ! ,treasur]4 ,,article ,,iv ,am5dm5ts4 ,by-laws may be am5d$ by a two-?irds vote ( memb]s pres5t at any annual meet+4 ,,proce$+s ,,at ,,! ,,f\rte5? ,,annual ,,conv5tion ,,( ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association ,new ,national ,museum1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,septemb] #bf-bg-bh1 #aibc4 7,9 mak+ up ?is report ! transcript ( ! /5ograph]'s full report has be5 unsp>+ly cut1 9 accordance ) ! vote ( ! conv5tion4 ,copies ( ! full report are 9 ! possession ( ! secret>y47 ,! ,conv5tion 0 call$ to ord] at #b p4 m41 ,sept4 #bf1 #aibc1 9 ! ,new ,national ,museum4 ,9 8 op5+ address ! presid5t spoke ( ! ne$ = increas$ memb]%ip & improv$ f9ancial condition4 ,he also recomm5d$ a return to ! old me?od ( comb9+ ! secret>y & treasur] 9 "o (fice & t ! secret>y-treasur] %\ld h a fair sal>y1 suitable qu>t]s1 & adequate help4 ,he spoke ( 8 own ef=ts to increase ! usefulness ( ! association & express$ 8 fe>s t !y _h am\nt$ to v little4 ,he quot$ ! /atem5t ( ! editor ( ! ,am]ican ,nut ,j\rnal t :at p want to "k is :e!r !y c make any money by ! cultivation ( nut trees4 ,t /atem5t l$ to a campaign to try to locate 9 ! t]ritory ( ! association gr\ps ( nut trees 9 pr(itable be>+4 ,he felt satisfi$ t !re are num]\s pay+ nut or*>ds1 & he recomm5d$ a cont9uance ( ! campaign = locat+ su* or*>ds4 ,! presid5t !n w5t on to in/ance ! exp]i5ce ( ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,g4 ,br[n ( ,salisbury1 ,mass41 at ^: place1 ab\t two miles f ! ocean1 !re are two ,p]sian walnut trees1 #ab to #ae ye>s old1 "o ( !m ab\t a foot 9 diamet] & tw5ty feet high1 t h borne = two ye>s4 ,pea* trees w n live at ?is place4 ,two miles away at ,newburyport is a tree a ye> or two y\ng] t bore a half peck ( nuts la/ ye>1 & ano!r tree #ce ye>s old 9 be>+ = #ae or #bj ye>s4 ,! nuts 7 spok5 ( z ( high quality4 ,he ref]r$ to ,edw>d ,selkirk ( ,nor? ,ea/1 ,pa41 :o has a grove ( #bej trees ab\t #bb ye>s old ( ! ,pom]oy v>iety4 ,la/ ye> ! crop 0 "o ton & br\ght 9 a little ov] #ejj4jj4 ,?is ye> ! crop is mu* l>g]4 ,= be/ developm5t ( ! trees ! l& %\ld be giv5 ov] entirely to _! culture4 ,! presid5t quot$ a lett] f ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl ( ,godfrey1 ,ill9ois z foll[s3 ,my nut plant+s are mo/ly "y1 _m j com+ into be>+1 :ile _m o!rs h be5 top-work$ to bett] v>ieties1 s t money returns are n :at !y w\ld be _h ,i />t$ out plant+ improv$ v>ieties4 ,"p ( my aim 0 to orig9ate bett] v>ieties ?an we _h :5 ,i began4 ,9 ?is1 ,i ?9k1 ,i h be5 fairly successful4 ,my plant+s consi/ mo/ly ( *e/nuts4 ,^! h sold readily at #ce to #dj c5ts p] p\nd :olesale4 ,x is r a h>d matt] to give any idea z to pr(it1 except t we ga!r$ #bc p\nds f "o tree five ye>s aft] topwork+ on a tree !n ab\t ?ree in*es 9 diamet]4 ,9 #aibj1 ! net return 0 #a1agb4ed1 9 #aiba1 #a1jai4dd1 9 #aibb1 :i* 0 ab\t a half crop1 #a1aif4ha4 ,all ?is on l& s r\gh no crop c\ld be gr[n on x b pa/ure4 ,?is ye>'s crop promises to be a full "o4 ,z to walnuts1 we h made no record ( s+le trees4 ,! ,?omas1 by actual te/1 gives t5 p\nds ( meat to ! bu%el1 :i* we sold to deal]s la/ season at #a4jj p] p\nd1 & c\ld n ne>ly supply ! dem&4 ,walnut crop "h a failure ?is season4 ,only a few ,?omas trees h a crop4 ,if ! meet+ 0 aft] nut h>ve/1 ,i w\ld s5d ! be/ *e/nut exhibit t has ev] be5 %[n at any meet+4 ,h4 ,c4 ,flet*] ( ,cl>kson1 ,n4 ,y41 0 quot$ z e/imat+ ! nuts produc$ f two trees ea* ye> f #aiaa to #aiae z #be wor?4 7,presumably ^! 7 ,p]sian walnuts1 b ?is 0 n /at$47 ,9 #aiaf & #aiag !re 7 ab\t six bu%els ( nuts1 probably #ge wor?4 ,9 #aiah a m>ket basket full4 ,9 #aiai & #aibj ab\t #dj wor?1 includ+ "s trees sold4 ,9 #aiba ab\t #ej wor? 7 produc$ & 9 #aibb #fj wor? ( nuts & #cj wor? ( trees4 ,9 ! presid5t's own filb]t nurs]y at ,ro*e/] ov] #cjj p\nds ( f9e nuts 7 produc$ = :i* #cj c5ts a p\nd 7 (f]$ by groc]ym54 ,mr4 ,w4 ,r4 ,mattoon ( ! ,=e/ ,s]vice ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture spoke z foll[s3 ,two ye>s ago1 :5 ! ,=e/ ,s]vice 0 plann+ to get up a bullet9 on gr[+ walnut trees = timb]1 we f\nd ! ne$ to include in=mation on ! nuts also4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$ & ,i toge!r prep>$ a manuscript on gr[+ ! walnut tree bo? = timb] & = nuts4 ,x pays to gr[ walnuts 9 small gr\ps & s+ly1 r ?an 9 l>ge blocks1 = :ile !y h n prov5 altoge!r failures :5 plant$ 9 l>ge quantities !y h be5 disappo9t+4 ,_m ( ! trees :i* we plant$ z close z #f x #h feet sev]al ye>s ago1 h n giv5 v satisfactory results because !y h n _h en\gh light & air4 ,! black walnut gr[s s+ly 9 ! =e/1 al?\gh !re may be full /&s ( o!r trees ar\nd x4 ,our idea is to recomm5d plant+ ! black walnut 9 spots ar\nd on ! f>m1 9 little inaccessible places & on ! hillsides1 :]e ! soil is good2 = ! black walnut requires good soil1 & we _c f9d t quality 9 l>ge pat*es1 nor is x usual on slopes ( gr\nd4 ,s we mu/ put x "h & !re on ! f>m1 along ! f5ce r[s & 9 v>i\s places1 b n 9 gr\ps4 ,! f>m] plant+ 9 ?is way becomes its wood :i* is us$ 9 ! mo/ exp5sive furniture4 ,i believe t mahogany is ! only o!r wood s valuable4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! _w !y h ! mahogany tree = cab9et use1 & "h 9 ,am]ica we h ! black walnut1 a cab9et wood t is n surpass$4 ,! pres5t available publications on ?is subject are limit$ b we are ref]r+ p :o inquire ab\t x to ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,bullet9 ,no4 #icc1 ,! ,black ,walnut1 ,its ,gr[? & ,managem5t4 ,t is midway betwe5 a te*nical & a popul> bullet91 & x comprises ab\t ! only available publication t we h at ! pres5t "t on ! subject ( gr[+ ! tree4 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 ,no4 #aabc1 ,gr[+ & ,plant+ ,h>dwood ,se$l+s on ! ,f>m1 deals ) ! black walnut along ) o!r trees4 ,ano!r publication is ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,bullet9 ,no4 #aec1 ,=e/ ,plant+ 9 ! ,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* consid]s ! black walnut along ) ! o!r available trees = plant+4 ,,mr4 ,,olcott3 ,= a small or*>d w\ld x be prop] to plant #afj to #ahj feet ap>t8 ,,mr4 ,,mattoon3 ,:5 plant$ 9 t way y w\ld get nut production & at ! same "t1 a timb] gr[?4 ,if prun$ y get a good log at ! base4 ,! small1 t5-foot logs f ^! trees pay z mu* z y w\ld get = an #ah foot log ( a tall] tree4 ,= =e/ry purposes1 prun+ is a desirable practice4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,b = nut-be>+1 :at is y\r op9ion8 ,,mr4 ,,mattoon3 ,i %\ld suppose t y w\ld want y\r or*>d trees to be z l[-bran*$ z possible1 & ) z full foliage z possible4 ,mr4 ,bixby 7act+ z secret>y7 !n read a pap] by ,h4 ,r4 ,mosnat ( ,morgan ,p>k1 ,ill9ois 9 :i* he spoke ( ! numb] ( doctors int]e/$ 9 nut gr[+ & ! ne$ ( all m5 ( t "* hav+ a hobby ( t k9d4 ,he ?\ght t ! taxes on _m f>ms might be paid out ( ! pr(its ( nut trees plant$ on ! f>ms & along ! highways4 ,b ^! nut trees %\ld n be se$l+ trees4 ,! apple & ! black walnut are said to be ! only trees t gr[ 9 e /ate ( ! ,union4 ,nuts 7 "o ( ! /aple foods ( our ance/ors4 ,we %\ld n be disc\rag$ if we h n yet f\nd ! "r nut = ! ,ea/ & ! ,middle ,we/4 ,we %\ld seek !m promptly because ( ! rate at :i* nut trees are be+ conv]t$ into logs4 ,by next ye>1 he said1 he expect$ to h #be v>ieties ( black walnuts 9 8 collection includ+ "s hybrids4 ,ma*9es = crack+ black walnuts by p[] are n[ practically p]fect & "o firm 9 t bus9ess has crack$ ab\t a million p\nds 9 ! la/ few ye>s & expects to treble or quadruple its bus9ess ?is season if supplies c be secur$4 ,! tr\ble ) mo/ walnut crack+ ma*9es is t !y cru% in/ead ( crack & small bits ( %ell are apt to /ick to ! meats4 ,b !re is ma*9]y n[ to remove ^! bits ( %ell4 ,!re are wild black walnuts t run #af to #ah p] c5t k]nels1 ?\gh ! av]age is only #ab-a_/b4 ,x is n always ! l>ge/ nuts t produce ! greate/ proportionate weight ( k]nels4 ,! pick+ & crack+ exp5se ) black walnuts is v little great] ?an ) pecans1 b ! f9al clean+ to r5d] ! meat absolutely free ( %ells has be5 v exp5sive4 ,cultivat$ black walnuts w ( c\rse give bett] results1 because !y h be5 select$ = easy crack+1 h k]nels t sep>ate readily f ! %ell1 ! product is uni=m1 & ! nuts require mu* less grad+ be=e crack+ ?an ! wild black walnuts1 :]e e tree be>s nuts diff]+ 9 size1 z 9 almo/ e o!r quality4 ,figur+ #ej1jjj p\nds to ! c>load x w take ab\t eight c>loads ( wild black walnuts to make "o c>load ( k]nels ( ! same weight4 ,m & m ,engli% walnuts & pecans are be+ sold 9 ! =m ( k]nels1 & black walnuts also w be/ be sold 9 k]nels4 ,^! c be cann$ 9 vacuum glass or metal cans1 & ! h\sewife w use m nuts :5 %e c get ! %ell-free meats ) h] favorite cook+ ut5sil1 ! c-op5]4 ,confection]s & bak]s w take black walnut meats by ! c>load 9 pref]5ce to o!r nut meats because !y h m flavor1 & s g fur!r4 ,! gr[+ ( black walnuts 9 a comm]cial way w require education1 b already !re is a gr[+ int]e/4 ,sev]al ( ! l>ge weekly publications h1 )9 ! la/ c\ple ( mon?s1 c>ri$ full page1 illu/rat$ articles on black walnuts4 ,"o ( ^!1 9 a magaz9e ( g5]al circulation :i* is ov] half a million1 )9 a mon? result$ 9 almo/ "o hundr$ lett]s ask+ = additional in=mation1 :i* %[s t a great _m p want to "k m ab\t ! possibilities ( black walnuts4 ,?is int]e/ w c]ta9ly increase :5 pr(itable black walnut or*>ds are actually gr[+ & pay+ good pr(its4 ,already m5 are putt+ 9 black walnut or*>ds or groves ( sev]al hundr$ acres1 & "o su* plant+ ( #a1fjj acres is propos$1 b x w be p>tly h>dy pecans4 ,?is %[s rapid developm5t into a real indu/ry ( magnitude4 ,report ( ! ,secret>y4 ,on ,m>* #a1 #aibc1 ! treasur]1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby1 h&$ ov] to ! secret>y ! funds & books ( ! association1 say+ t 8 "t _h become s mu* tak5 up t he 0 able to give too little ( x to ! duties ( 8 (fice4 ,?us x became necess>y = ! secret>y to assume ! functions ( ! treasur] z well4 ,^! functions 71 9 ! fir/ place1 ! paym5t ( ! obligations ( ! association f ! funds available4 ,! funds available = curr5t exp5ses 7 n suffici5t = ! paym5t ( ^! obligations4 ,! secret>y !re=e took x ^u himself to pay ^! obligations ) funds ( ! association put aside = o!r purposes4 ,^! funds 7 money receiv$ f life memb]%ip paym5ts t _h be5 deposit$ 9 ! ,lit*field ,sav+s ,society1 z a sort ( cont+5t fund1 & o!r funds f ! same s\rce held by ! treasur] & h&$ ov] by him to ! secret>y4 ,^! two funds 7 completely us$ up 9 ! paym5t ( curr5t exp5ses1 z w appe> 9 ! detail$ /atem5t ( ! secret>y4 ,^! funds1 h[ev]1 7 /ill insuffici5t to pay ! curr5t exp5ses1 :i* 71 *iefly1 ! exp5ses ( ! /5ograph]'s report & transcripts ( ! ?irte5? annual conv5tion1 at ,ro*e/]1 & ! co/ ( pr9t+ ! annual report4 ,! co/ ( pr9t+ ! report 0 paid out ( ! available funds4 ,! /5ograph]'s bill1 am\nt+ to #afi4jj orig9ally1 b r$uc$ to #ace4jj by ! /5ograph] on repres5tation by ! (fic]s ( ! association t ! am\nt 0 excessive1 0 paid by ,mr4 ,bixby p]sonally1 & ! association is indebt$ to ,mr4 ,bixby 9 t am\nt at ?is mom5t4 ,! second function t develop$ ^u ! secret>y 0 ! managem5t ( ! memb]%ip li/s & matt]s relat+ !reto1 :i*1 ?\gh p]haps ess5tially a duty ( ! secret>y ( an association su* z ?is1 _h be5 manag$ by ! treasur] s9ce ! "t :5 he took ov] ! duties ( ! secret>y 9 #aiah4 ,?is _h involv$ q an exp5diture = cl]ical "w4 ,?is cl]ical "w w\ld /ill be an exp5se to ! association1 _h n "o ( our memb]s1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,hilli>d1 ( ,s\nd ,view1 ,connecticut1 volunte]$ to d x4 ,mr4 ,hilli>d 0 =m]ly connect$ ) a bank1 is entirely famili> ) ! keep+ ( acc\nts1 is a man ( means & leisure1 & ,i %all take pleasure 9 (f]+ 8 "n to fill ! vacant treasur]%ip4 ,h]et(ore1 ?is association has _h to pay little or no?+ = cl]ical "w :i* has be5 done ei!r by ! secret>y1 or by ! treasur] & 8 p]sonal cl]ical =ce4 ,9 accordance ) ! vote ( ! ,ro*e/] conv5tion ! secret>y draft$ two lett]s1 "o entitl$1 ,to ! ,/ate ,vice-,presid5ts ( ! ,n4 ,n4 ,g4 ,a4 & ,all ,memb]s ( ! ,association2 ! o!r1 ,to ,all ,wom5 ,memb]s ( ! ,n4 ,n4 ,g4 ,a4 & to ,all ,wom5 ,int]e/$1 or ,int]e/able1 9 ,nut ,culture4 ,bo? ( ^! lett]s 7 s5t to all memb]s ( ! association1 & ! lett] to wom5 0 s5t also to a consid]able li/ ( wom5 n memb]s4 ,! results ( ^! lett]s 71 s f> z ! secret>y has means ( kn[+1 n ov] a half doz5 lett]s ( appreciation f memb]s1 "o new woman memb]1 & a lett] ( appreciation f ano!r woman4 ,! secret>y has reason to believe1 h[ev]1 t ! lett]s 7 ! means ( /imulat+ sev]al ( ! /ate vice-presid5ts to activity 9 ! matt] ( gett+ new memb]s1 9 writ+ articles = ! press & 9 giv+ illu/rat$ talks on nut gr[+4 ,among ^? :o are kn[n to h giv5 su* talks or articles1 are ,dr4 ,morris1 ,mr4 ,web]1 ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 ,mr4 ,smi?1 ,mr4 ,turk1 ,mr4 ,o',connor1 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,corsan1 ,mr4 ,re$1 ,mr4 ,neilson1 ,wilk9son1 ,snyd]1 ,mat!ws1 ,ka9s1 ,mac,daniels1 ,fagan1 ,kaufman1 ,rick1 ,bixby1 ! secret>y1 &1 d\btless1 a numb] ( o!rs4 ,! secret>y has a collection ( slides on nut gr[+ :i* he has l5t two or ?ree times to memb]s = illu/rat+ _! lectures4 ,x 0 necess>y to provide a box = ! safe transportation ( ^! slides :i* ! secret>y pur*as$1 at a co/ to ! association ( #h4he4 ,! secret>y also furni%$ a typ$1 runn+ comm5t>y = ^! slides &1 9 "o or two in/ances1 has furni%$ negatives & photographs = mak+ slides & illu/rations4 ,! secret>y also (f]s to furni% outl9es = lectures or articles1 & has a small collection ( nuts :i* is available = lectures4 ,if ! funds 7 available1 x w\ld be possible to enl>ge ! collections ( slides1 illu/rations & nuts = ! use ( memb]s :o wi%$ to give talks or write articles4 ,possibly ! sugge/ion ( ! secret>y 0 responsible = ! =mation ( a subsidi>y association 9 ,ro*e/]4 ,on ?is a report is desirable f ,presid5t ,mc,glennon or ,mr4 ,olcott4 ,"o or two o!r memb]s h writt5 ( _! int5tion to =m subsidi>y associations4 ,a leaflet 0 also issu$ by ! secret>y ann\nc+ ,mr4 ,jones' (f] to give se$l+ nut trees z a premium to new memb]s4 ,! dem& = ^! trees n be+ up to expectation1 ,mr4 ,jones v g5]\sly s5t out five su* trees 9 place ( ! orig9al (f] ( "o or two4 ,i hope t ,mr4 ,jones w make a report ( ! numb] ( trees ?us di/ribut$4 ,al?\gh ! circul> di/9ctly /at$ t ^! trees 7 premiums = new memb]s1 _m memb]s und]/ood x z an (f] = r5ewal ( memb]%ip z well1 & ,i ?9k t 9 e su* in/ance1 ,mr4 ,jones himself =got & s5t ! trees4 ,a few memb]s1 ^: names came 9 too late1 7 disappo9t$ 9 n gett+ trees4 ,mr4 ,jones has intimat$ t x may be possible to correct ^! omissions ?is fall4 ,i hope t ,mr4 ,jones w make a /atem5t ab\t ?is1 & ,i hope also1 t ! association w n ov]look ,mr4 ,jones' lib]ality 9 di/ribut+ ^! trees entirely at 8 own exp5se4 ,!re h be5 expressions ( regret1 & ,i am sure t _m m h felt x1 t x has n be5 possible to g on ) ! nut conte/s & ! giv+ ( prizes = new & valuable nuts4 ,z !re is n likely to be any "o else will+ to assume ! really imm5se labor involv$ 9 ! nut conte/s1 conduct$ z ,mr4 ,bixby has conduct$ !m1 ,i suppose t all we c d is to hope t circum/ances w sometime aga9 make x possible = ,mr4 ,bixby to resume ^! v valuable s]vices = ! developm5t ( nut culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i say int5tionally ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 because ,i believe t ^! s]vices h b5efitt$ ! :ole c\ntry4 ,?is fact makes me ! bold] 9 utt]+ ! d>+ sugge/ion t p]haps1 n[ t ,mr4 ,bixby has %[n ! way1 & develop$ exact me?ods t may be safely foll[$1 :i*1 if ,i d n misappreh5d1 is :at x /ates t x desires be=e presum+ to take up any new l9e ( "w1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture itself might consid] x a matt] wor?y ( its att5tion4 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,a4 ,neilson1 ( ! less cauti\s ,canadian ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 is r5d]+ v valuable s]vices ( ?is k9d = ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada4 ,!re is evid5ce t sev]al m /ate agricultural in/itutions are giv+ att5tion to nut gr[+4 7,mac,daniels1 at ,i?aca2 ,j4 ,c4 ,*ri/5s51 ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan74 ,!re is no ne$ ( tak+ y\r "t n[ to recapitulate ! _m ?+s t ought to be done to promote ! plant+ ( nut trees & ! sci5tific inve/igation ( nut gr[+4 ,dean ,watt's address1 publi%$ 9 ! #ab? annual report1 & ! lett] ( ! secret>y to /ate vice-presid5ts1 conta9 outl9es = ^! ?+s4 ,! att5tion ( ! pres5t conv5tion is m p>ticul>ly to be giv5 to advocat+ nut tree plant+ on a production basis4 ,reg>d+ ! campaign = new memb]s1 p]haps ! *airman ( ! committee on memb]%ip w make "s rem>ks4 ,! pres5t memb]%ip ( ! association is #ccg1 if we drop no names ?is ye> = non-paym5t ( dues4 ,( c\rse1 ^? :o d n pay _! dues %\ld be dropp$4 ,b ! association has nev] made any rul+ z to h[ long names %\ld be c>ri$ on ! rolls4 ,! secret>y has be5 easy 9 s5d+ copies ( ! annual reports to memb]s 9 arre>s1 hop+ t ! consci5ce-/rick5 recipi5ts w\ld ha/5 to pay up4 ,b !re is no pro( t su* has be5 ! case1 & ! secret>y w\ld recomm5d mak+ a rule z to :5 a memb] is no long] 9 good /&+1 :5 he %\ld be dropp$ f ! rolls1 & :at memb]s are entitl$ to copies ( ! annual report4 ,! secret>y w\ld make ! sugge/ion t !re be an am5dm5t to ! by-laws to ! effect t memb]s :o h n paid _! dues )9 ?ree mon?s f ! "t ( _! fir/ notification1 be s5t a second notification to ! effect t !y are n 9 good /&+ on acc\nt ( non-paym5t ( dues & are n entitl$ to receive a copy ( ! annual report2 b t all privileges may be re/or$ on paym5t ( dues4 ,at ! end ( ?ree mon?s f ! s5d+ ( ! second notice1 ! names ( memb]s n 9 good /&+ %\ld be dropp$4 ,! annual report %\ld be s5t only to memb]s 9 good /&+4 ,mr4 ,hilli>d ask$ me :at our fiscal ye> 04 ,i answ]$ t ,i did n ?9k we _h any4 ,x w\ld und\bt$ly be a conv5i5ce if we are to h a bank man = a treasur]1 & a rul+ by ! association w\ld be 9 place4 ,our accr$it$ li/ ( nut nurs]ym5 is out ( date & a new li/ %\ld be issu$4 ,recomm5dations z to *anges 9 or additions to t li/1 %\ld be consid]$ by ! memb]s4 ,x is desirable t ! annual reports ( ! association %\ld be index$ & b\nd1 b no h& has yet be5 f\nd to d x4 ,our ambitions h s f> out/ripp$ our s\rces ( rev5ue t we h come to look on an annual deficit z a normal & def5sible ?+4 ,i ?9k x is indef5sible4 ,i ?9k x is go+ to h a bad effect on our att5dance & our morals if ! memb]s h to look =w>d to :at am\nts to a good big assessm5t at e conv5tion4 ,a deficit is n inevitable4 ,! secret>y-treasur] 0 able to report a surplus at ! fir/1 f\r?1 fif?1 six? & sev5? meet+s4 ,! income f memb]%ip dues %\ld be en\gh to enable ! pr9t+ ( ! annual report4 ,b if n ,i %\ld be 9 favor ( n pr9t+ ! report until funds 7 on h& to pay = x4 ,9 r5d]+ an acc\nt ( ! funds ( ! association ,i w fir/ /ate t !re is on h&1 ca% 9 bank1 #hd4hi4 ,?is am\nt mu/ be *>g$ ) ! ,b[dit* hickory prize fund1 #be1 :i* leaves #ei4hi1 ca% on h&4 ,we owe ,mr4 ,bixby = pay+ ! /5ograph]'s bill1 #ace4jj1 & ,mr4 ,olcott = pr9t+1 #bd4eh1 a total ( #aei4eh4 ,?is makes our deficit #ii4fi1 practically j "o hundr$ doll>s4 ,x %\ld be recall$ t 9 arriv+ at ?is result x 0 necess>y to use up our res]ve fund f life memb]%ips1 am\nt+ to #bbe4jj4 ,if we c\nt t 9 ) ! deficit1 x am\nts to #cbe4jj4 ,a detail$ acc\nt ( receipts & exp5ditures is h]e) submitt$4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t1 on acc\nt ( a ru% ( o!r "w1 on acc\nt ( difficulties ( o!r k9ds1 & because ( a division ( ! "w betwe5 ,mr4 ,hilli>d & myself1 ,i am unable to give ! exact am\nt receiv$ f memb]%ips & sale ( reports & bullet9s4 ,?is ,i hope to correct be=e ! annual report goes to press4 ,,receipts ,turn$ ov] by ! ,treasur]1 ,m>4 #a1 #aibc3 ,money = curr5t exp5ses #hi4ff ,f life memb]%ips #ie4jj ,b[dit* hickory prize #be4jj ,f ,lit*field ,sav+s ,society #acj4jj ,memb]%ip dues ,sale ( reports & bullet9s ,,exp5ditures ,pr9t+ report #cgh4jj ,misc4 pr9t+ & po/als #g4ej ,cl]ical hire & po/age #dg4fe ,po/age1 telegrams1 c>riage #ch4ji ,box = lant]n slides #h4he ------- #dhj4ji ,due ,mr4 ,bixby1 /5ograph]'s bill #ace4jj ,due ,mr4 ,olcott1 pr9t+ #bd4jj ------- #aei4eh ,! report ( ! secret>y 0 adopt$4 ,! foll[+ pap] 0 read by ! act+ secret>y z ,mr4 ,neilson 0 unable to be pres5t3 ,,"s ,,fur!r ,,notes ,,on ,,nut ,,culture ,,9 ,,canada4 ,,jas4 ,a4 ,,neilson1 ,b4 ,s4 ,a41 ,m4 ,s41 ,ext5sion ,horticulturi/1 ,hort4 ,expt4 ,/ation1 ,v9el& ,/a41 ,ont4 ,! nut culture activities outl9$ 9 ! pap] pres5t$ by ! writ] at ! conv5tion 9 ,ro*e/] 7 c>ri$ on z mu* z "t & means w\ld p]mit dur+ ! pa/ ye>4 ,! se>* = nut trees has be5 cont9u$ & has yield$ "s int]e/+ results4 ,sev]al valuable trees ( k9ds already not$ h be5 locat$ & additional species discov]$4 ,among ^! 7 five pecan trees :i* h be5 gr[+ on ! f>m ( ,c4 ,r4 ,james at ,ri*mond ,hill1 a small t[n fifte5 miles nor? ( ,toronto4 ,^! trees 7 ab\t fifty ye>s old & appe>$ to be p]fectly h>dy1 z f> z gr[? 0 conc]n$1 b ow+ to ! nor!rn location 7#dc4de7 seldom produc$ rip5$ nuts4 ,! season ( #aiai1 h[ev]1 0 long] & some:at w>m] ?an mo/ seasons1 & a fully rip5$ crop ( nuts 0 ga!r$4 ,! nuts are small ) a ?9 %ell & a f9e sweet k]nel4 ,! l>ge/ tree 9 ! lot is ab\t #ce feet tall ) a trunk diamet] ( #af & a spread ( bran*es equal to its height4 ,ano!r small plantation ( pecans 0 f\nd at ,niag>a-on-!-,lake on ! fruit f>m ( ,john ,morgan4 ,"s ( ^! trees 7 ( graft$ sorts & o!rs 7 se$l+s4 ,bo? graft$ & se$l+ trees 7 mak+ a good gr[? & appe>$ to be p]fectly heal?y4 ,9 z mu* z ! pecan is native to a c\ntry hav+ a long] gr[+ season & high] av]age summ] temp]atures ?an s\!rn ,ont>io1 x is q enc\rag+ to f9d t ^! trees w ev5 gr[ "h1 to say no?+ ( be>+ nuts4 ,?is w\ld seem to indicate t !re are possibilities = "s ( ! pecan-bitt]nut & pecan-%agb>k hybrids 9 s\!rn ,ont>io :]e ! %agb>k & ! bitt]nut gr[ q freely4 ,i also locat$ two excell5t %agb>k hickories :i* h fair-siz$ nuts ) ?9 %ell & f9e k]nels4 ,"o ( ^! trees gr[s ab\t twelve miles we/ ( ,simcoe1 ,ont>io1 & produces q a l>ge nut ) a %ell s ?9 t x c be easily crack$ ) ! tee?4 ,?is p>ticul> tree is ab\t sev5ty feet tall & bore t5 bu%els ( nuts 9 "o season4 ,i h records ( sev]al o!r good hickories & plan to inspect ^! at ! e>lie/ opportunity4 ,sev]al m good ,engli% walnuts h be5 locat$ & exam9$4 ,among ^! !re is "o tree ov] sev5ty-five ye>s old :i* at "o "t bore ?irty bu%els ( ripe nuts4 ,a few good he>tnut trees h be5 locat$ at v>i\s po9ts4 ,"o ( ^! trees is ab\t ?irty-five feet tall1 ) a spread ( ne>ly sixty feet f tip to tip ( bran*es4 ,! pres5t own] h>ve/$ sev]al bu%els ( good nuts 9 "o season f ?is tree4 ,i b\ght ) my own funds a bu%el ( nuts f ?is tree & s5t !m 9 lots rang+ f six to ?irty to int]e/$ p>ties 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,ont>io4 ,( c\rse ,i "k t ?is is n 9 accordance ) ! be/ nut cultural pr9cipals1 b ,i ?\ght x 0 "o way ( gett+ nut trees />t$4 ,if ^! nuts d n reproduce true to type1 !y w s]ve z a good /ock = budd+ or graft+ ) ! be/ introduc$ he>tnuts lat] on4 ,ano!r good he>tnut 0 locat$ almo/ on ! outskirts ( ,toronto4 ,at five ye>s f plant+ ?is tree bore "o-half bu%el ( f9e1 ?9-%ell$ nuts4 ,9 my la/ pap] ,i /at$ t filb]ts _h n done well 9 ,ont>io4 ,i am glad to /ate t ,i w n[ h to retract t /atem5t & in=m y t good filb]t trees h be5 f\nd ne> ,anca/]1 :i* is close to ,hamilton4 ,^! trees 7 ab\t fifty ye>s old1 ! l>ge/ specim5 be+ ne>ly a foot 9 diamet] at ! base & ab\t #be feet tall4 ,! trees bore well1 b on acc\nt ( ! hordes ( black & grey squirrels v few nuts 7 h>ve/$4 ,a f9e lot ( filb]ts 0 also f\nd at ,tyroconnell1 a small hamlet on ! nor? %ore ( ,lake ,erie1 9 ,elg9 ,c\nty4 ,^! trees are ne>ly fifty ye>s old & be> excell5t nuts4 ,mu* to my surprise ,i f\nd a f9e clump ( filb]ts gr[+ q ne> ! campus ( ! ,o4 ,a4 ,c4 at ,guelph4 ,^! trees 7 introduc$ f ,engl& ab\t sixte5 ye>s ago & at fir/ !y did n appe> to be h>dy1 b ev5tually !y e/abli%$ !mselves & are n[ do+ well 9 gr[? & fruitfulness4 ,i 0 some:at amus$ to ?9k t ,i 0 se>*+ s dilig5tly = valuable nut trees all ov] ! ,prov9ce & did n ev5 "k ( ! exi/5ce ( ^! trees1 until a ye> & a half aft] ,i made my initial attempt to discov] valuable nut trees4 ,i w h to correct ano!r /atem5t made at ! la/ meet+1 to ! effect t almonds d n gr[ well 9 ,canada except on ,vanc\v] ,isl&4 ,s9ce !n ,i h f\nd a few1 good1 h>d-%ell$ almond trees gr[+ & yield+ well 9 ! ,lake ,erie c\ntry4 ,?is leads me to believe t almonds c be gr[n1 ) reasonable success1 any:]e 9 ! pea* belt1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! lake di/rict4 ,9 addition to my ef=ts to locate good trees ,i p]suad$ ! au?orities at ! ,o4 ,a4 ,c4 to e/abli% small plant+s ( "s ( ! be/ black walnuts1 hickories1 ,japanese walnuts1 & ,*9ese *e/nuts4 ,i also obta9$ ab\t five bu%els ( ,*9ese walnuts & "o bu%el ( ,*9ese *e/nuts f nor?we/ ,*9a = te/+ at ! exp]im5t /ations1 & by o!r int]e/$ individuals4 ,ow+ to ! l5g? ( "t ! nuts 7 9 transit ! majority ( !m 7 unfit = g]m9ation4 ,a few h gr[n1 h[ev]1 & we hope to get good results f ^!4 ,a collection ( nuts conta9+ #fj plates & #ba diff]5t species 0 prep>$ & exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,w9t] ,fair at ,toronto & also at ! ,live/ock ,%[ at ,guelph4 ,i 0 9 att5dance almo/ con/antly at ,toronto1 & endeavor$ to give all ! in=mation possible on nut culture4 ,bo? exhibits attract$ a great deal ( att5tion & call$ =? favorable comm5ts f visitors & ! press4 ,exp]im5tal plant+s ( ,engli%1 ,japanese1 ,*9ese1 & ,am]ican walnuts1 filb]ts & hickories1 h be5 e/abli%$ at ! ,horticultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,/rong poll5at$ ab\t #bjj black walnut blossoms ) poll5 ( ! ,engli% walnut4 ,app>5tly a good numb] 7approximately #ge7 h set fruit4 ,a graduate ( ! ,ont>io ,agricultural ,college1 :o has become int]e/$ 9 nut culture1 procur$ #b1jjj black walnut se$l+s f ! ,=e/ry ,/ation at ,/4 ,williams4 ,^! trees 7 budd$1 9 ,augu/ la/1 ) local gr[n ,engli% walnuts1 b un=tunately only a few buds took4 ,an attempt w be made next spr+ to :ip graft ! trees t did n set buds ?is summ]4 ,!re is a m>k$ increase 9 ! int]e/ 9 nut culture %[n by ! public dur+ ! pa/ ye>4 ,?is is %[n by num]\s reque/s = in=mation & addresses on nut gr[+ & by ! public endorsem5t ( nut culture by ?ree important horticultural organizations4 ,! ,ont>io ,horticultural ,c\ncil1 ! ,f$]al ,horticultural ,c\ncil & ! ,ont>io ,horticultural ,societies ,conv5tion ea* pass$ a resolution ask+ ! ,dom9ion ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture to appo9t a man to inve/igate ! possibilities ( nut culture 9 ,canada4 ,no def9ite action has be5 tak5 z yet1 b x is expect$ t an appo9tm5t w be made 9 ! ne> future4 ,we are giv+ ! boys & girls ( ,ont>io an opportunity to assi/ u 9 our "w by hunt+ = good nut trees1 & z an inc5tive we h (f]$ prizes ( #e4jj ea* = ! be/ specim5s ( our v>i\s native & introduc$ nut trees4 ,?is %\ld br+ results1 because if !re is anyone 9 ?is wide _w :o kn[s :]e good nuts are1 x is ! small boy4 ,! "w dur+ ! pa/ ye> has g5]ally be5 enc\rag+1 b l e o!r l9e ( human endeavor !re h be5 disappo9tm5ts4 ,= example1 "o bu%el ( ,*9ese walnuts 0 /ol51 & a numb] ( good specim5s ( o!r k9ds my/]i\sly disappe>$ f my exhibition collection4 ,ano!r disappo9t+ feature has be5 ! apa?y1 & ev5 ho/ility1 %[n by "s (ficials4 ,i d n int5d1 h[ev]1 to let ^! difficulties disc\rage me 9 ! lea/1 b plan to c>ry on & prea* ! gospel ( beauty & utility z exemplifi$ 9 our be/ nut trees4 ,,address ,,by ,,dr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,,corbett ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,! "w 9 nut culture by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ant$ates ! pres5t ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 & to conf9e ! hi/ory ( ! "w to ! pres5t ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry w\ld n q d ! subject ju/ice4 ,f ! "t ( ! beg9n+ ( fruit "w 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 9 #ahhe1 nuts h receiv$ m or less att5tion4 ,aft] ! =mation ( ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 9 #aija1 special appropriations 7 receiv$ f ,congress = ! support ( nut inve/igations1 & individuals 7 appo9t$ to t s]vice 9 ! dep>tm5t4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 :om y all "k v well1 0 ! fir/ appo9tee ( ?is s]vice1 devot+ 8 :ole "t & att5tion to ! "w4 ,he has be5 ) ! dep>tm5t = sev]al ye>s1 & has giv5 8 "t exclusively to ! nut problems ( ! c\ntry4 ,naturally1 ! nut problems are n conf9$ to any geographic area1 b are nation-wide2 b c]ta9 ( ! plants :i* h ent]$ into ! problems ( nut culture h dem&$ m att5tion ?an o!rs1 = reasons t are ! same z 9 fruit culture4 ,! old] fruits1 ^? bett] kn[n & long] 9 cultivation1 ^: problems are bett] und]/ood1 require less att5tion f ! gr[] & f ! exp]im5t] ?an d ! new] ones 9 ! field4 ,nut culture 9 ,am]ica1 z ,i und]/& x1 n be+ a nut culturi/ myself1 consi/s ( two types ( projects4 ,we h "o type t has long be5 practic$ by man1 t we import$ f ,european c\ntries & e/abli%$ on ?is cont95t4 ,p h cultivat$ ^! nuts m or less int5sively = g5]ations1 & _m ( ! problems h be5 work$ out1 s f> z ,europe is conc]n$4 ,( c\rse1 :5 introduc$ 9 ,am]ica1 new problems confront$ ! gr[]s "h4 ,! o!r type ( nut indu/ry is bas$ ^u indig5\s nuts ( :i* we "k little1 ei!r f ! or*>d /&po9t or z to ! v>ieties conc]n$4 ,our native nuts1 p>ticul>ly ! pecan1 h =c$ !mselves ^u ! att5tion ( inve/igators ( ! dep>tm5t to mu* great] ext5t1 p]haps1 ?an any o!r nut ) :i* we h to deal4 ,be+ a native1 indig5\s plant1 n yet "u cultivation1 !re is imm$iately pres5t$ ! problem ( ! *oice ( v>ieties1 adaption to *ang$ conditions1 & all ( ! problems aris+ 9 connection ) a rapidly develop+ comm]cial indu/ry2 c]ta9 en?usia/s soon become enamor$ ) ! possibilities 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = pecan culture1 & !y imm$iately transplant x into new & untri$ regions1 & z a result _! problems h become legion4 ,! "w ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 nut culture has develop$ really ar\nd ! gr[+ indu/ries ( ! c\ntry2 prim>ily1 ar\nd ! pecan1 & secondly1 ar\nd ! almond & ! walnut1 = ^! are ! m important1 comm]cially4 ,naturally1 ! mo/ press+ problems arise 9 connection ) gr[+ indu/ries2 !y h gr[+ pa9s :i* h to be eas$ ! same z ) small boys4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture has !re=e f\nd itself 9 ! position ( seek+ answ]s to num]\s que/ions :i* h be5 made 9 connection ) ^! develop+ indu/ries4 ,i believe t we h contribut$ v mat]ially to ! k ( v>ieties1 p>ticul>ly z reg>ds _! adaptation to diff]5t geographic locations4 ,we h also assi/$ ! indu/ries to solve "s ( _! problems ( cultivation1 p>ticul>ly ( propagation1 & also ! problems gr[+ out ( ! ma9t5ance ( soil f]tility4 ,) a new crop1 9 a new environm5t1 x is always a problem to "k h[ to manage ! soil1 & ?is is "o ( ! lead+ l9es ( activity 9 ! field1 at ! pres5t "t4 ,9 ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 two (fices1 t ( ,horticulture & ,pomology & t ( ,soil ,f]tility1 are co-op]at+ 9 ! solution ( ! soil f]tility problems 9 ! pecan regions4 ,( c\rse1 z ! indu/ry develop$ & became e/abli%$1 ! natural enemies ( ! pecan & ( ! o!r nut trees ass]t$ !mselves1 z a result ( :i* !re h be5 set up inve/igations 9 ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry to /udy ! life hi/ories ( ! v>i\s fungi t attack pecans2 & outside ( ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ! ,bureau ( ,entomology has be5 devot+ "t to ! /udy ( ! control ( insect enemies4 ,s t1 at ! pres5t1 ! dep>tm5t is s organiz$ t ?ree or f\r important l9es ( attack are be+ made ^u problems ( ^! indu/ries4 ,?us1 :ile at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 9 #aija1 !re 0 no s+le1 individual p]son devot+ 8 "t & att5tion to ! problems ( nut culture1 at pres5t !re are q a gr\p ( individuals giv+ _! :ole "t4 ,i feel we are mak+ progress 9 ! "w1 & :ile we may be lagg+ v mu* beh9d :at we %\ld l to d1 we are assi/+ z be/ we c1 & are at lea/ keep+ 9 sight ( ! indu/ry1 z x goes =w>d4 ,i w n try to g into details ab\t ! "w we are c>ry+ on1 because x is bett] to tell ( :at we h accompli%$ ?an to tell :at we hope to d4 ,we h a man on ! ,pacific ,coa/ giv+ 8 :ole "t & att5tion to ! /udy ( bre$+ & ( ! cultural problems ( almonds4 ,besides ?is1 we h two m5 giv+ all ( _! "t to pecans2 & dur+ ! la/ ye>1 !re has be5 e/abli%$ ne> ,albany1 ,georgia1 a /ation devot$ to ! cultural problems ( pecans4 ,"o g5tleman is cont9u\sly on ! gr\nd ) ! "w1 & two o!rs devote m or less ( _! "t to x4 ,n[1 :ile ^! problems connect$ ) ! indu/ries are ! ones occupy+ mo/ att5tion1 ! work]s 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture h n be5 unm9dful ( o!r native nut-be>+ plants1 su* z ! native black walnuts1 ! hickories & ! *e/nut up to ! "t ( ! v de/ructive attack ( blight4 ,! *e/nut1 h[ev]1 has n pass$ out ( our sph]e ( activity1 because at ! pres5t "t1 7& ,i ?9k y w see tomorr[ at ! ,bell ,/ation1 "s int]e/+ possibilities 9 ! future ( *e/nut culture 9 ?is c\ntry71 ! ,*9ese =ms1 :i* are mu* m resi/ant to blight1 bid fair to give u a prog5y to make x possible = u also to h a *e/nut indu/ry f ! horticultural /&po9t4 ,probably ! day ( timb] supply f our native *e/nut is at an end4 ,we hope n1 b x looks t way at ! pres5t "t4 ,! possibilities ( gr[+ trees f ,*9a1 ! mollissima1 or hybrids ( !m1 bids fair to place ! *e/nut indu/ry s t we c cont5d ) ! blight4 ,we probably w n h immune v>ieties1 b ^? :i* are able to live ) ! blight4 ,t1 x seems to me1 is a v important consid]ation1 because *e/nuts h always be5 an important nut 9 our ea/]n m>kets1 & are important 9 ! ,european m>kets z well4 ,:ile ! l>g] =ms ( s\!rn ,europe w probably n be ( value to u "h1 if we c e/abli% a nut indu/ry ) nuts ( fair quality1 z l>ge z our native sweet *e/nuts1 bas$ on ! ,*9ese species1 ! mollissima1 !n we w be mak+ progress4 ,y may see "s ( ^! trees at ,bell ,/ation :i* are eight or t5 ye>s old2 !y are be>+ q abundantly1 & "s ( ! *e/nuts are really v palatable & ( satisfactory size4 ,9 addition to ?is bre$+ "w ) *e/nuts1 !re is "u way int5sive bre$+ "w ) almonds :i* has = its object ! developm5t ( ^? m h>dy ?an ^? n[ 9 cultivation 9 ,cali=nia4 ,?is almond indu/ry1 ?\gh l>ge1 is h&icapp$ because ( ! late fro/ injury1 & x is desirable to get ^? :i* w bloom lat] & )/& l[] temp]atures4 ,! v>ietal problem ) pecans w be ev] ) u1 z long z v>ieties are f\nd 9 ! wilds & z long z p cont9ue to plant se$l+s 9 diff]5t localities4 ,t is "o ( ! subjects t is be+ giv5 consid]able att5tion4 ,9 addition1 ! relative productivity ( ! plants to use z "m plants is an important "o4 ,9 ! "w ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 connection ) citrus fruits1 x has be5 f\nd t ! individual bud c>ries ov] into its prog5y ! ability to produce fruit n only ( a giv5 type1 b also ! productivity ( ! p>5t to ! prog5y4 ,a long s]ies ( records ( ! behavior ( individual trees h be5 secur$2 we are build+ up a mass ( in=mation on :i* to base selections = bett] p>5t trees ?an any available at ! pres5t "t4 ,if ! pecan behaves l ! citrus fruits ( ,cali=nia1 we w be able 9 ! future to h /ra9s & v>ieties :i* w be v mu* less v>iable ?an ^? at ! pres5t "t4 ,! propagation1 selection1 disease & cultural "w cov]s ! field t is h&l$ by ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry4 ,we always l to dream ( ! future1 & we are pleas$ to h ! dreams come true4 ,we mu/ h 9 m9d ! possibility ( bett] black walnuts ?an we h at pres5t2 & aft] ! great inroad into ! indu/ry made at ! "t ( ! ,w>1 :5 ! trees 7 us$ = timb] purposes1 !re %\ld be a great] ef=t on ! "p ( ! p 9 ! nor!rn di/ricts to propagate black walnuts1 n only = nuts b also = timb]4 ,! black walnut is a v great asset n only = timb] & = ammunition purposes1 b = food z well4 ,! hickory tree is 9 ! same class z ! black walnut--x is a valuable timb] tree z well z nut tree4 ,no o!r timb] is z valuable = ! con/ruction ( :eels z hickory1 & :ile ! disc :eel has s]v$ a useful purpose 9 railroad c> con/ruction1 x is n likely t x w replace hickory altoge!r 9 ! con/ruction ( :eels ( motor vehicles4 ,we are v]itably a nation on :eels & we w always be look+ = mat]ial ) :i* to c>ry u ?r\gh ! c\ntry4 ,z ,i h said1 we are a nation ( p on :eels1 & if y\r propag&a did no?+ m ?an to /imulate an increas$ int]e/ 9 ! production ( hickory = timb] purposes1 x w\ld be accompli%+ a great result4 ,b ,i believe t !re are v>ieties among ! hickories :i* %\ld be to ! ,nor? :at ! pecan is to ! ,s\?4 ,!re are ^? :i* are v l>ge & ^? :i* are ?9-%ell$1 & ^? ( f9e flavor2 z a food product ,i ?9k ! %ellb>k is second only to ! pecan4 ,& ,i %\ld hail ! day ) great int]e/ :5 !re are good1 recogniz$ v>ieties ( hickories correspond+ ) ! be/ v>ieties ( pecans4 ,i believe !y w be f\nd & develop$4 ,i h told y some?+ ( :at we are do+ & ( :at we hope may result4 ,i hope t y w all visit ! (fices ( ! ,dep>tm5t c>ry+ on ?is "w1 & t y w get acqua9t$ ) ! m5 h&l+ ! v>i\s projects1 & tell !m :at y\r tr\bles are1 t !y may "k h[ to proce$1 & t !y may discuss ) y ! be/ ways ( attack+ & h&l+ ! problems ) :i* y are confront$4 ,pr(4 ,lumsd5 ( ! ,f$]al ,horticultural ,bo>d spoke ( ! *e/nut b>k disease & ! fact t our exp]ts advise u t )9 ! p]iod ( tw5ty-five ye>s ! de/ruction ( ! native ,am]ican *e/nut w h be5 accompli%$4 ,! tann]s & relat$ int]e/s ( ! c\ntry are n[ sc\t+ ar\nd to f9d "s species ( tree to use z a sub/itute = tann+ op]ations4 ,ca/anea mollissima is capable ( develop+ into a good siz$ tree4 ,f an economic /&po9t ! texture ( its lumb] is good1 :ile ! quality ( its fruit is fair1 & z an ornam5tal tree x has a future4 ,x has resi/ance to ! *e/nut b>k disease4 ,x may become a sub/itute = ,c4 d5tata4 ,sev]al crosses h be5 made betwe5 ,c4 d5tata & ,c4 mollissima & "s ( !m %[ consid]able m]it4 ,selection ( ^! hybrids w h to be made = two purposes1 namely wood production & fruit production4 ,corylus colurna1 ! ,con/ant9ople filb]t1 is de/9$ to become popul> z an ornam5tal4 ,on ! ,pacific ,coa/ a bact]ial blight occurs 9 "s sections on corylus4 ,a great "w c be done 9 ?is c\ntry by ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association by publi%+ bullet9s advocat+ plant+s ( nut be>+ trees = a ?ree-fold purpose1 timb]1 food1 & beauty4 ,communications 7 read f ,miss ,frances ,l4 ,/e>ns1 ,in/ructor 9 ,botany ( ! ,gr& ,rapids 7,mi*47 ,junior ,colony1 ask+ in=mation ab\t plant+ nut trees1 & f ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,"y1 ,secret>y ( ! ,tree ,lov]s ,association ( ,am]ica1 ask+ ! association to adopt _! slogan & to co-op]ate ) x 9 urg+ ! m intellig5t plant+ ( trees1 %rubs & fl[]s4 ,! ev5+ session on ,sept4 #bf? 0 call$ to ord] at #h3aj & a mov+ picture reel1 ,! ,almond ,indu/ry 9 ,cali=nia1 loan$ by ! ,dept4 ( ! ,int]ior1 0 %[n4 ,foll[+ t an address ) lant]n slides 0 giv5 by ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$ ( ! ,dept4 ( ,agriculture1 on 8 rec5t trip to ,*9a4 ,,mr4 ,,re$3 ,9 #aiaj c]ta9 ,am]icans 9 ,*9a conceiv$ ! idea ( export+ ! walnuts produc$ 9 t c\ntry to ,am]ica4 ,! exp]im5t prov$ s successful t !y cont9u$ to d s1 & %ipp$ _! walnuts to ?is c\ntry ye> aft] ye>4 ,! bus9ess built up v rapidly1 until ! w> broke out :51 = ! "t be+1 ! indu/ry 0 =c$ to a /&/ill4 ,b z soon z ! w> 0 ov] ! bus9ess pick$ up aga91 & _h assum$ su* proportions1 ab\t two ye>s ago1 t ,am]ican gr[]s want$ to "k h[ mu* long] ! ,*9ese w\ld be able to s5d walnuts ov] "h4 ,mo/ ( ! nuts f ,*9a 7 ( inf]ior quality to ^? produc$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,records ( ! exports %[$ t !re _h be5 an increase f ,*9a ea* ye>2 b z to ! me?ods us$1 ! ext5t ( or*>d+1 or ! gr[? 9 plant+1 etc41 ! matt] _h n be5 writt5 up1 & ! consuls _h n ! remote/ idea4 ,x 0 f9ally decid$ by ,congress1 !re=e1 t a special appropriation = an inve/igation %\ld be made4 ,s a special trip 0 made to ,*9a to asc]ta91 fir/ ( all1 ! probable trade f !re = ! next t5 or tw5ty ye>s4 ,our p felt t m walnuts w\ld be com+ "h1 & !y want$ to "k ab\t ?is be=e !y plant$ any m "h4 ,x fell to my lot to make ! trip1 a ye> ago ?is summ]4 ,we w5t fir/ to ,honolulu2 !n to ,manila & ,japan1 & f9ally to ,*9a4 ,we w5t into ! section j to ! "r ( ,ti5ts94 ,by sup]impos+ a map ( ,*9a ov] t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates y may see t ,*9a m ?an cov]s ?is c\ntry2 ,*9a is consid]ably l>g] ?an ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,our basic po9t 0 ,pek+1 :i* is 9 ab\t ! same latitude z ,philadelphia4 ,we f\nd t walnuts 7 gr[n all ?r\gh ?is section ( ,*9a1 n v mu* f>!r nor? ?an ,pek+1 b n mu* f>!r s\? ?an ,%anghai4 ,!re are walnuts cultivat$ "h1 9 ! ,*9ese way1 ov] a great area2 b we 7 conv9c$ t ! exportation ( walnuts to ?is c\ntry 0 n likely to increase1 = ! bus9ess has app>5tly rea*$ its height4 ,am]ican trade takes ! be/ nuts2 ! second be/ g to ,canada1 ! ?ird to ,europe & ! f\r? & fif? to ,au/ralia4 ,our fir/ exp$ition into ! c\ntry 0 almo/ directly nor? ( ,pek+4 ,we w5t d[n ! railroad ab\t #ae miles1 to ,%aho1 :]e we employ$ donkeys & a rick%a1 & rode across c\ntry "s #ab or #ae miles4 ,"h we f\nd a v excell5t ,*9ese hotel1 & surr\nd+ or*>ds ( p]haps #cjj trees4 ,"s ( ! consul> reports 9 ,*9a /at$ t ?is place 0 "o ( ! ?ree sections 9 :i* ! f9e/ %ipm5ts ( nuts 7 produc$4 ,we next w5t to ! ea/ ( ,ti5ts9 :]e we f\nd q a numb] ( or*>ds & trees claim$ to be f #aej to #bjj ye>s ( age1 al?\gh we f\nd1 aft] travell+ a %ort "t & inquir+ f ! ,*9ese f>m]s1 t ! figures !y gave to u 7 probably inaccurate4 ,we f9ally ceas$ to ask ! ,*9ese f>m]s = figures ( t sort4 ,x 0 v int]e/+ to note ! diff]5ce 9 ,*9ese & ,am]ican me?ods4 ,= in/ance1 9 ,*9a1 ! l& may be own$ by "o or by sev]al p1 :o w lease ! l& or ! trees1 or p]haps ev5 an individual tree1 = a p]iod ( ye>s4 ,:ite m>ks plac$ on ! trees indicate _! own]%ip4 ,"y walnut trees 7 v sc>ce4 ,we 7 told 9 "o prov9ce t ,*9ese m]*ants1 :o _h be5 =c$ out ( ,russia because ( economic conditions !re1 & _h lo/ ev]y?+1 _h come home & 7 seek+ some?+ ) :i* to make money4 ,!y 7 already plant+ a consid]able numb] ( walnut trees1 & 7 gr[+ crops "u ! trees1 plant+ crops ( millet fir/1 & !n ( soy beans lat] 9 ! season4 ,ano!r crop !y use is call$ kaol9 7pron\nc$ goll9 9 ?is c\ntry74 ,v few ( ! trees are ev] prun$ sy/ematically1 or tak5 c>e (2 ! ,*9ese seem to h no idea ( ?is4 ,( c\rse1 ! ra9fall !re is at a diff]5t "t ( ! ye> ?an ours4 ,fall1 w9t] & spr+1 9 ,nor? ,*9a1 are practically )\t ra94 ,consequ5tly1 ! atmosph]e is v dry4 ,"h & !re we f\nd trees t /ruck u s favorably t we made notes ) ! int5tion ( go+ back to ! trees to get scions = propagat+ purposes = ?is c\ntry4 ,we 7 told t "o ( ^! trees _h borne #hjj p\nds ( nuts4 ,i suppose1 h[ev]1 if t 0 s1 x 0 gre5 weight1 & includ$ ! hulls4 ,?is tree 0 on ! gr\nds ( ! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 ab\t #hj miles bel[ ,%anghai1 ! f>!/ s\? we w5t4 ,! tree _h be5 plant$ by mission>ies1 & _h made spl5did gr[?4 ,!re 7 n _m walnuts s\? ( t po9t1 h[ev]4 ,9 ! prov9ce ( ,%an%i ! soil is ( a wa%$ nature1 subject$ to ra9s1 & we f\nd !re huge gorges t _h evid5tly be5 =m+ = c5turies4 ,all ( ! soil !re1 t is n too unev5 to be cultivat$1 is t]rac$2 & along ! sides ( ! t]races walnut trees are plant$4 ,we usually f\nd tunnels along ! sides ( ! t]races4 ,^! 7 dug ar\nd ! bank s t ! wat] w\ld run ?r\gh ! tunnels in/ead ( ov] ! t]race4 ,we saw no indications ( blight4 ,we ?\ght we saw x 9 "o case1 b :5 we exam9$ ! nuts1 x prov$ to be no?+ b insects work+ on ! hulls4 ,:]ev] we w5t1 we 7 told by ! ,*9ese t !y h>ve/ _! walnuts at ab\t ! "t ( ! ye> :i* 9 ,am]ica w\ld be ab\t ! fir/ week 9 ,septemb]4 ,we f\nd1 h[ev]1 t ! nuts 7 (f ( ! trees & assembl$ on ! gr\nd = sort+ & dry+1 long be=e t4 ,!y 7 put 9 w9dr[s cov]$ ) millet /raw & left = t5 days1 aft] :i* "t ! hulls 7 *ipp$ (f ) knives & ! nuts imm$iately wa%$ & put on ! m>ket4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly /ruck ) ! me*anical motion ) :i* ! ,*9ese m5 work$2 x 0 j z regul> z a ma*9e4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ "t t *>act]i/ic came to my att5tion1 & aft]w>ds ,i 0 /ruck ) ! same ?+ ev]y:]e4 ,ea* f>m] takes 8 products1 :atev] !y may be1 to a common t[n call$ m>ket t[n1 & !re !y are b\ght by ! local m]*ants1 or ! compradors4 ,! export]s are mission>ies & =eign]s :o make no ef=t to buy f ! f>m]s1 = ! tradesman1 or comprador1 c get ! nuts at a bett] figure ?an c ! =eign]s4 ,! tradesman gets 8 commission 9 addition4 ,! baskets ( nuts are c>ri$ on poles plac$ ov] ! %\ld]s ( ! ,*9ese4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal walnut c5t]s ( ,*antung ,prov9ce is #be miles f ! railroad1 & we made q an ef=t to rea* x4 ,an agricultural mission>y1 a ,mr4 ,gordan1 made ! trip !re ) me1 & we f\nd x a badly infe/$ section4 ,we arriv$ ab\t ?ree o'clock 9 ! aft]noon & took ab\t "o h\r go+ ar\nd to see ! nuts4 ,!re 7 places )9 ! wall :]e nuts _h be5 assembl$1 & we made e/imates z to ! numb] ( p\nds4 ,i ?9k !re 7 f #ajj to #aej sacks ( nuts 9 a pile4 ,_m ( ! wom5 & *ildr5 gr[ walnuts & ^! crops are inspect$ & sort$ be=e be+ %ipp$ to ,pek+4 ,9 ! e>ly summ]1 we saw quantities ( apricot k]nels be+ transport$ to ! m>ket & sold z almonds4 ,we _h und]/ood t ,*9a 0 q an important almond-produc+ c\ntry1 b ,i d\bt if !re are any almonds 9 ,*9a4 ,i did n see a tree1 nor did ,i get an indication t !re 7 any !re4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ *e/nut trees t ,i saw measur$ eight feet & w\ld h be5 valuable = timb] purposes4 ,x 0 9 "o ( ! v attractive little or*>ds ( *e/nut trees 9 ! nor? ( ,%ansi & nor!a/ ( ,ti5ts94 ,we und]/ood t !re 7 v l>ge or*>ds to ! nor?1 b y might say t !re is no su* ?+ z a l>ge or*>d 9 ,*9a4 ,we c\nt$ ab\t #ajj trees 9 su* or*>ds1 & we made notes z to _! be>+ habits4 ,we f\nd ! *e/nuts ( pleas+ quality1 ( a fair size1 & n q z l>ge z ,european nuts b l>g] ?an ! ,am]ican4 ,we did n see _m ( ! trees :i* _h be5 all[$ to develop normally4 ,!y are n ( special value 9 ,*9a1 & consequ5tly1 ! bran*es are remov$ z high z possible1 & (t5 ! tops are cut out4 ,! ,*9ese h a species ( native peanut :i* is v %rivell$ & h>d2 b mission>ies f ?is c\ntry h introduc$ !re ! ,am]ican peanut1 :i* is n[ gr[n s ext5sively t ,*9ese exports h di/urb$ our m>ket conditions consid]ably4 ,! ,*9ese all[ no?+ to g to wa/e4 ,:5 ! peanuts are remov$ f ! gr\nd & c>$ =1 ! soil is sift$ s t no peanuts w be lo/4 ,! ,am]ican peanut gr[n !re is s]v$ 9 little butt]di%es on ! hotel tables1 z a delicacy4 ,,?ursday ,,morn+ ,,session1 ,,septemb] #bg ,meet+ call$ to ord] by ,presid5t ,mc,glennon1 #aj3ae a4 m4 ,! presid5t appo9t$ z ,nom9at+ ,committee to nom9ate (fic]s = ! ensu+ ye>1 ,dr4 ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris1 ,pr(4 ,c4 ,p4 ,close1 ,j4 ,s4 ,mc,glennon4 ,mr4 ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage1 ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 !n spoke on ! subject ( ,comm]cial ,nut ,culture4 ,?is is a v difficult subject to discuss1 = ! reason t1 z yet1 !re are v few facts ^u :i* to base any conclusions ab\t comm]cial nut culture 9 ! ,nor?4 ,fir/1 let me say t ! pr9cipal po9t ^u :i* we base our op9ion t nut culture 9 ! ,nor? has comm]cial possibilities1 is ! fact t gr[+ ?r\gh\t _m sections ( ! ,nor? are ?\s&s ( nut trees1 pecans1 walnuts1 hickories & butt]nuts1 _m ( :i* gr[ v f9e nuts4 ,x w\ld be a repudiation ( all kn[n laws ( natural sci5ce to conclude t trees budd$ & graft$ f ^! desirable p>5ts w\ld n gr[ & be> ! same z !y d4 ,!re=e1 we are p]fectly safe 9 conclud+ t if !re are successful nut trees gr[+1 o!rs also w gr[4 ,let u proce$ to consid] "s ( ! requirem5ts4 ,fir/1 !re is ! soil requirem5t4 ,b be=e consid]+ ! soil requirem5t1 ,i might add t we mu/ keep )9 reasonable latitude ( ! homes ( ! native trees4 ,?is subject has be5 fully cov]$ 9 previ\s reports ( our association1 & ,i d n c>e to g into a detail$ discussion ( x1 except to say t prospective plant]s ( comm]cial or*>ds %\ld read ! previ\s reports ( ! association on ?is subject1 & keep 9 m9d t some:]e nor? ( ! home ( ! p>5t trees1 is a l9e nor? ( :i* ^! trees w n be>4 ,?is l9e is dep5d5t ^u sev]al ?+s1 altitude1 topography & o!r elem5ts4 ,z an example1 ,i m]ely m5tion t orange or*>ds fl\ri% 9 ,cali=nia at ! ,philadelphia latitude4 ,go+ on ) ! "q ( soil1 ^u ?is subject alone might be writt5 a :ole volume4 ,b a few po9ts are ess5tial4 ,mo/ nut trees require a deep1 well-dra9$ soil t is n swampy or seepy1 & ov] :i* !re are no ov]fl[s dur+ ! summ] season4 ,pecans gr[ along ! riv] bottoms :]e !re are heavy ov]fl[s 9 ! w9t]1 b su* an ov]fl[ 9 ! summ] w\ld probably kill ! trees4 ,nut trees seem to fl\ri% well on l& t is und]laid ) clay z a subsoil4 ,9 fact1 almo/ any k9d ( good f>m l& is suitable = "s ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( nut trees1 provid$ x does n come )9 ! re/rictions above m5tion$4 ,! bett] ! l&1 h[ev]1 ! m successful w be ! gr[? ( ! trees1 & ,i v mu* d\bt :e!r x pays to put any k9d ( desirable tree on undesirable l&4 ,i h he>d x said ( p$igre$ /ock t ab\t n9ety p]c5t ( ! p$igree is 9 ! corn crib1 five p]c5t 9 ! man t does ! fe$+1 & five p]c5t 9 ! blood4 ,p]haps ^! p]c5tages might be subject to "s v>iations4 ,i %\ldn't r$uce ! corn crib requirem5t1 & ,i ?9k ab\t n9ety p]c5t ( ! success ( our nut trees w dep5d ^u ! l&4 ,! next po9t to be consid]$ is ! "q ( v>ieties &1 9 ?is connection1 x is ess5tial to rememb] t nuts are produc$ to be sold & eat52 !re=e1 x is important to keep 9 m9d ! requirem5ts ( ! consum+ public4 ,^u ?is "q also h be5 writt5 _m ?\s&s ( pages :i*1 :5 all summ$ up1 simply am\nts to ?is3 get ! be/ v>ieties t w be> 9 y\r p>ticul> locality4 ,?is c be det]m9$ to "s ext5t by :at native trees are gr[+ 9 y\r p>ticul> locality1 al?\gh n entirely s4 ,9 _m sections ( ! c\ntry1 !re are no native pecan trees1 & yet ^! trees fl\ri% v successfully :5 br\ght f "s o!r section4 ,on ?is po9t ! prospective plant] ( comm]cial or*>ds %\ld seek ! be/ advice obta9able4 ,! ?ird requirem5t = a comm]cial nut or*>d is cultivation & att5tion4 ,_m ( ! nut trees w gr[ & be> )\t any att5tion :atsoev]1 b !y w take y\r "t = x4 ,i h se5 wild pecan trees t 7 n ov] twelve or fifte5 feet high at tw5ty-five ye>s ( age4 ,i h se5 cultivat$ trees l>g] ?an t at eight ye>s ( age4 ,a tree responds to c>e & cultivation ! same z corn or potatoes or any o!r ( ! cultivat$ crops4 ,! lack ( cultivation is j z detrim5tal to !m z to ^! crops4 ,"y pecan trees %\ld be ho$ five or six times ea* summ]1 & :5 !y get to be f\r to sev5 ye>s ( age1 !re ought to be a con/ant1 clean cultivation1 f e>ly spr+ until late 9 ! summ]1 foll[$ by a good cov] crop to be turn$ "u ! foll[+ spr+ at ! beg9n+ ( ! cultivat+ p]iod4 ,!y %\ld also be giv5 pl5ty ( good1 comm]cial f]tiliz]4 ,if ! prospective plant] ( comm]cial nut or*>d has en\gh fai? & hope & foll[s ! sugge/ions giv5 above1 he w n be dep5d5t ^u *>ity 9 8 old age4 ,,dr4 ,,jordan3 ,i am int]e/$ z an amateur pecan gr[]1 & ,i w\ld l to ask :at v>ieties w be ( mo/ pr(it1 comm]cially1 t c be gr[n ) a reasonable hope ( success 9 ! nor!rn latitude4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,! "q is a v difficult "o to answ]1 b ! important ?+ is to /ick to ! k9d t gr[s ! be/ 9 y\r locality4 ,! ,posey is gr[n 9 ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,! p>5t ,posey tree gr[s 9 ,indiana1 & ,i _h ! pleasure ( nam+ x4 ,t tree is a good be>]1 & x is ! ?9ne/-%ell$ nor!rn-gr[n pecan ) :i* ,i am famili>4 ,x is a v beautiful nut1 ) ! exception t frequ5tly "o side ( ! k]nel w n fill out z x does on ! o!r sides4 ,x is n defective1 b simply defici5t4 ,x w h "o full siz$ k]nel b x is n p]fect 9 %ape4 ,i myself d n ?9k ?is a v s]i\s objection4 ,! ,major is a f9e be>+ pecan1 b ! "q is :e!r x is l>ge en\gh to be good comm]cially4 ,! ,niblack is ! highe/ flavor$ pecan4 ,! foll[+ lett] f ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 vice-presid5t ( ! association1 0 !n read3 ,i am v sorry n to be able to att5d ! meet+ ?is ye>4 ,my son1 :o has ! ov]see+ ( ! outside "w &1 9 my abs5ce1 ! g5]al "w1 is incapacitat$1 due to an op]ation = app5dicitis la/ week &1 ) a numb] ( m5 at "w on p>ticul> jobs1 ,i _c get away4 ,i am s5d+ a few nuts :i* may be ( int]e/ to visitors4 ,ab\t half ( my "y pecan trees are be>+ ?is ye> & a few trees are q full4 ,s f>1 ,buss]on %[s up ! be/ 9 be>+1 ) ,posey second1 & ,niblack ?ird4 ,! ,engli% walnuts are a good crop4 ,mr4 ,bu% has a big crop ( ^!1 & old] trees 9 g5]al h a good crop4 ,! ,ru% hazel is be>+ a big crop z usual4 ,s f> ?is is ! only v>iety 9 any species to be> heavy annual crops "h4 ,! wea!r1 seem+ly1 has no effect on ! sett+ ( ! nuts4 ,la/ spr+ we _h x d[n to #aj above z]o :5 ?is 0 9 bloom1 b x set a full crop f bo? h& & natural poll5ization4 ,hybrids ( ?is & ! be/ l>ge fruit$ ,europeans :i* h come into be>+ are v promis+1 b x is too e>ly to judge z to _! be>+4 ,put me d[n = new memb]%ips or ca% z la/ ye>1 or = my "p 9 any arrangem5t t may be decid$ ^u to take c>e ( ! indebt$ness ( ! association1 or to advance its usefulness4 ,i %all also be glad to ext5d ! (f] ( two nut trees z la/ ye>1 to new memb]s1 if x is ?\ght ?is w help 9 secur+ ! new memb]s4 ,(f]+s ?is ye> w\ld be ,/abl] black walnut se$l+s1 ,*9ese1 ,mayette1 ,franquette1 ,eureka1 etc41 9 ! ,engli% or ,p]sians4 ,also se$l+s ( ! ,ru% hazel1 if want$4 ,hav+ be5 nom9at$ vice-presid5t ( ! association two ye>s ago1 x may be und]/ood t ,i am 9 l9e = ! presid5cy ?is ye> ^u ! retirem5t ( our honorable presid5t ,mr4 ,mc,glennon4 ,if s1 ,i wi% to ask ! nom9at+ committee n to consid] my "n z ,i _c accept ?is responsibility4 ,) ! va/ am\nt ( correspond5ce incid5tal to supply+ in=mation to ^? want+ to engage 9 ! gr[+ ( nuts or nut trees1 & gr[+ & sell+ nut trees1 exp]im5tal "w & bre$+ new types & v>ieties1 ,i h my h&s full & c\ld n d ?is position ju/ice4 ,we also h memb]s 9 ! association bett] fitt$ = ?is position :o c give x bett] ?\ght & att5tion1 & :o c advance ! association & ! int]e/s ( nut gr[]s m ?an ,i c1 :ile ,i c be ( m b5efit to ! association & ! nut indu/ry 9 g5]al )\t tak+ on ! duties impos$ by any (ficial position4 ,,notes ,,by ,,mr4 ,,bixby ,?ursday1 ,sept4 #bg ,trip by automobiles to ,mr4 ,littlepage's f>m at ,b[ie1 ,md41 & to ! ,u4 ,s4 ,exp]im5t ,/ation at ,bell4 ,mr4 ,littlepage has an or*>d ( #bge trees cov]+ ?irty acres ( pecans & ,/abl] black walnuts1 ! fir/ pecan trees be+ set 9 #aiad1 & ! ,/abl] black walnuts "s ?ree ye>s lat]4 ,n[ bo? are />t+ to be>1 a few nuts hav+ appe>$ la/ ye>1 & a v few nuts ! ye> be=e4 ,! trees are gr[+ f9ely1 ! leaves h a f9e d>k gre5 color1 & nuts 7 notic$ 9 clu/]s1 ! pecans be+ 9 clu/]s ( #b1 #c1 #d & #e2 & ! black walnuts 9 ones & twos4 ,t ! or*>d has be5 giv5 good c>e is evid5t4 ,comm]cial f]tiliz]s & gre5 manures h be5 us$4 ,a w9t] cov] crop ( rye 0 gr[n la/ fall & pl[$ "u ?is spr+1 & a summ] cov] crop ( soy beans 0 gr[n ?is summ] & w be pl[$ "u ?is fall4 ,! v>ieties notic$ 9 be>+ 7 ! ,major1 ! ,gre5riv]1 ,/u>t1 ,buss]on & ! ,indiana4 ,( ! above1 all are nor!rn v>ieties1 except+ ! ,/u>t1 :i* is a s\!rn v>iety :i* has giv5 evid5ce else:]e ( be+ able to gr[ & to be> fur!r nor? ?an almo/ any o!r s\!rn v>iety4 ,! pecans are set 9 blocks1 ! e>li] ones be+ set #fj' x #fj'4 ,mr4 ,littlepage became conv9c$ aft] 8 fir/ plant+s t ?is 0 too close1 & ! la/ plant+ ( pecans 0 #ajj' x #abj'4 ,! black walnuts are plant$ along two f5ce r[s1 ! trees be+ fifty feet ap>t1 ! total l5g? ( ! r[s be+ ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile4 ,! peculi>ity ( ! ,/abl] black walnut ( be>+ "s nuts :]e ! k]nel is 9 "o piece1 t is :]e "o lobe ( ! k]nel has n develop$1 0 notic$ 9 "s ( ,mr4 ,littlepage's trees4 ,!re is go+ to be1 9 future ye>s at ,mr4 ,littlepage's place1 an opportunity to /udy ?is peculi> behavior ( ! ,/abl] black walnut1 t c\ld be c>ri$ on at ! p>5t tree only ) great difficulty1 because ( ! inaccessibility ( ! tree1 9 ! fir/ place1 & ! inaccessibility ( ! fl[]s1 ow+ to _! great height above ! gr\nd1 9 ! second4 ,at ,bell ,/ation 0 se5 ,dr4 ,van ,fleet's "w on *e/nuts4 ,"s t5 ye>s ago ,dr4 ,van ,fleet began ?is "w = ! purpose ( gett+ some?+ t %\ld be blight pro(1 or at lea/ /rongly blight resi/+ & t w\ld furni% ! nuts :i* ! *e/nut blight is rapidly mak+ impossible ( production4 ,) ?is end 9 view1 "s t5 ye>s ago ,dr4 ,van ,fleet plant$ nuts ( ! ,*9ese *e/nut1 ,ca/anea mollissima1 & plant$ out ! se$l+s4 ,he also procur$ f ! place ( ,j4 ,w4 ,kill51 at ,f5ton1 ,md41 nuts ( ,japan *e/nuts t _h )/ood ! blight up to ! "t ! nuts 7 plant$4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be f\nd out 0 h[ well ^! w\ld resi/ ! blight4 ,none 7 f\nd to be immune1 al?\gh ! trees are /ill alive aft] t5 ye>s exposure4 ,dr4 ,van ,fleet's ambition 0 to get a blight-resi/ant *e/nut ! size ( ! ,japan *e/nut ) ! delici\s flavor ( ! *9kap94 ,?is1 z yet1 has n be5 accompli%$1 al?\gh "s v good nuts mu* l>g] ?an *9kap9s 7 se54 ,"o int]e/+ fact not$ z to resi/ance 0 t ! ,japan *e/nut1 :i* is n g5]ally suppos$ to be z resi/ant z ! ,*9ese *e/nut1 0 at ,bell ,/ation app>5tly /&+ up j z well4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ! ev5+ session1 ,?ursday1 ,sept4 #bg1 a ris+ vote ( ?anks 0 giv5 to ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,littlepage = _! hospitality ( ! aft]noon4 ,! presid5t !n introduc$ ,mrs4 ,w4 ,n4 ,hutt1 editor ( ! ,progressive ,f>m ,woman1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,mrs4 ,hutt quot$ ,h4 ,g4 ,wells z say+1 ,! primeval savage 0 bo? h]bivor\s & c>nivor\s4 ,he _h = food hazel nuts1 bee* nuts1 sweet *e/nuts1 e>? nuts & acorns4 ,%e w5t on to say3 ,9 ,spa9 & ,s\!rn ,france1 ! *e/nut is n[ us$ mu* m ?an 9 ! pa/4 ,y %\ld "k 9 :at appetiz+ =ms !y are cook$4 ,x is a "q h[ y %\ld cook ! *e/nut if y d n want to spoil its flavor4 ,%\ld y /eam x1 boil x1 or :at8 ,:5 y want x 9 bread1 or :5 y use ! ta/eless =ms1 x is fir/ /eam$ or boil$1 & lat] is ma%$ up & made into bread1 or mix$ ) *eese or tomatoes4 ,b if y want to develop ! flavor1 !n roa/ x1 pick x out f ! %ell & cru% x1 us+ almo/ no o!r flavor ) x4 ,h y ev] realiz$ h[ mu* we dep5d on ! walnut 9 cook+8 ,take ! pecan1 or p]haps almo/ all ( ! nuts2 ! flavor is dim9i%$ by cook+4 ,b ! walnut is ! "o nut t ga9s 9 flavor by be+ cook$4 ,?is means a great deal = ! popul>ity ( ! walnut4 ,a fri5d ( m9e 0 captur$ by ! ,g]mans1 & 0 s5t out ea* day into ! =e/s to ga!r acorns to be us$ 9 ! prison]s' food4 ,! fri5d said t _m a "t he ?\ght he w\ld r die ?an to h to eat or ga!r any m acorns4 ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 ,no4 #gab1 ,! ,s*ool ,lun*1 by ,c>ol9e ,hunt1 has be5 especially valuable 9 ! prep>ation ( ! s*ool lun* ) nuts4 ,!re is a man :o comes to ,nor? ,c>ol9a e w9t]1 :o w tell y t he lives on t5 types ( nut oils & nut butt]4 ,! great mass ( p out ?r\gh ! c\ntry are n yet ready to compreh5d ?is2 b once !y are educat$ to ! value ( nuts1 ! dem& = !m w be unlimit$4 ,z to ! "q ( economy1 ! prices %\ld n g up any f>!r2 !y w n be us$ en\gh until !y become *eap]4 ,) _m boys & girls 9 a family1 a doll>'s wor? ( nuts1 at #a a p\nd1 w n g f>4 ,if we c\ld get nuts at m reasonable prices x seems to me t wom5 w\ld consid] !m m ?an !y d = food4 ,!y want !m n only = _! p>ties1 b 9 ev]yday life4 ,we %\ld popul>ize nuts ?r\gh newspap]s4 ,x pays to adv]tise1 & little notices 9 ! pap] are mu* m f>-rea*+ ?an any o!r way ( tell+ ! /ory ( ! n\ri%m5t to be f\nd 9 nuts4 ,z to ! value ( nut trees 9 l&scape "w1 a real e/ate man told me t :5 he want$ a good price = a h\se he plant$ fruit trees at ! back ( ! h\se1 & nut trees on ! sides4 ,he w\ld talk ab\t ^? trees to ! p :o came to buy1 & has sold _m h\ses 9 ?is way4 ,!n take ,arbor ,day1 & we h "o 9 ne>ly e /ate 9 ! ,union4 ,if we c\ld get ! pap]s & ! =e/ magaz9es to talk ab\t ,arbor ,day1 & urge ev]ybody to plant some?+1 & p>ticul>ly to plant a nut tree1 x w\ld n be long be=e we got results4 ,i c\ld n ?9k ( any?+ mu* m patriotic ?an plant+ av5ues ( memorial nut trees4 ,nut trees are bett] to look at ?an are _m ( ! monum5ts erect$1 & ! patriotic societies d n realize ! tru? 9 ?is4 ,!re is a case :]e ) a /roke ( ! p51 ! nut trees c\ld be increas$ all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,!n consid] ! home demon/ration ag5ts 9 ! c\ntry4 ,!y h ! wom5 organiz$ & are 9 t\* ) ! m5 ( progressive ?\ght & feel+ ev]y:]e2 & x seems to me t we c\ld make m use ( !m4 ,x w\ld seem t if ?is organization c\ld 9 "s way raise ! money to h someone talk at ^! demon/ration meet+s1 x w\ld n be long be=e ! value & ! beauty ( nut trees w\ld %[ ! use ( do+ ?is spl5did "w4 ,:at m effective me?ods c\ld !re be ?an to g to ! /ate meet+s held by home demon/ration ag5ts twice a ye>1 & talk nuts to ^? p8 ,!y g home & talk ^! same ?+s to all ( ! wom5 9 _! little organizations & communities4 ,!re is no rapid transit me?od m effective ?an t4 ,!n1 :5 ! wom5 are tak+ up a subject l t1 m5 are apt to read x also4 ,ano!r =m ( adv]tis+ t is equally important is 9 m5's organizations4 ,a numb] ( ye>s ago ,mr4 ,hutt w5t d[n ?r\gh ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate on ! old f>m]s' in/itute "w4 ,he took ) him a case fix$ up to display nuts4 ,he talk$ ab\t !m1 & especially ab\t pecans4 ,! p _h nev] se5 any?+ b ! little1 old1 wild pecan1 & !y became en?usia/ic4 ,:5 y get a f>m] en?usia/ic y are do+ some?+4 ,! p became q en?usia/ic & plant$ q a numb] ( or*>ds4 ,mr4 ,hutt left ! dep>tm5t & ! new man :o came 9 0 n p>ticul>ly en?usia/ic ab\t nuts4 ,!n ,mr4 ,curran came into ! "w & decid$ !re 0 no?+ he c\ld d bett] ?an to urge !m to plant nut trees4 ,he is try+ to get an unlimit$ quantity ( pecans & walnut trees plant$ & he hopes to h a l>ge numb] ( trees put 9 )9 a few ye>s4 ,to p>aphrase :at ,mr4 ,littlepage said ?is morn+1 9 connection ) ! rais+ ( hogs1 9 gett+ ! _w to plant m trees1 to use m nuts & to appreciate ! value ( nut trees = bo? beauty & use1 y ne$ #ij p]c5t ( adv]tis+2 & let ! #h p]c5t be ! man & #b p]c5t be ! nut4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,la/ ye>1 :5 my exp]im5ts ) ! use ( p>aff9 graft+ _h app>5tly be5 complet$1 ,i includ$ :at ,i knew ( ?is subject 9 a little book1 & ?is br\ght out lett]s f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 9 fact f all p>ts ( ! _w1 rem9d+ me t ,i _h n complet$ ! subject ( ! use ( p>aff9 9 graft+4 ,f tropical c\ntries m5 compla9$ t my sugge/ions ab\t ! use ( "o p>ticul> k9d ( p>aff91 ,p>[ax1 7 n applicable to _! "p ( ! c\ntry :]e ! p>aff9 w\ld melt 9 ! summ] sun4 ,!n1 f "s ( ! regions :]e ! nights 7 cold1 !y said ! p>aff9 w\ld crack & leave ! /ocks b>e1 ow+ to ! *ange ( temp]ature4 ,we are consequ5tly fac$ ) a necessity = ext5d+ our in=mation on ?is subject4 ,my reason = pres5t+ x1 be=e ,i h complet$ inve/igations1 is to get sugge/ions f memb]s ( ! audi5ce "h1 & f practical nurs]ym54 ,i h writt5 a numb] ( books on v>i\s topics1 & h nev] s5t "o out )\t feel+ sorry t x 0 n "t = ! next edition4 ,! !ory is t if we cov] a graft completely ) melt$ p>aff91 includ+ ! entire scion1 buds & all1 we h accompli%$ sev]al ?+s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! p>aff9 prev5ts ! graft f dry+ out be=e new cells c make union ) cells ( ! scion4 ,9 ! second place x fills all int]/ices :]e sap w\ld collect4 ,9 ! ?ird place x provides an airtight cov]+ s t ! free sap pressures1 negative & positive1 "u diff]5t temp]atures1 w be analog\s 9 /ock & scion4 ,:5 !re is l[ sap pressure we assume t "s ( ! sap may be drawn out ( ! scion4 ,?is airtight cov]+ prev5ts t4 ,9 ! f\r? place x provides a transluc5t cov]+1 :i* all[s action by ! act9ic rays ( light1 :i* br+s ! *lorophyll into activity4 ,all plant gr[? is conduct$ "u ! influ5ce ( *lorophyll1 & ! act9ic rays ( light activate ?is4 ,consequ5tly1 ,i seem$ to h a p]fect graft+ mat]ial 9 ?is ,p>[ax1 :i* we may f9d 9 any groc]y /ore4 ,9 my locality ?is wax work$ p]fectly &1 !oretically1 no?+ m 0 to be desir$4 ,x melts at #abe degrees f>5heit4 ,i h br\ght ) me a specim5 ( a pe> tree t ,i graft$ 9 ?is way 9 ,july ( ?is ye>4 ,y w see t ! ,p>[ax cov]+ is /ill complete4 ,! new %oots h gr[n ab\t eight in*es s9ce ,july #a1 & ,i d n see h[ y c\ld imag9e any?+ m p]fect ?an ?is specim51 f :i* ,i wrote my description 9 ! book4 ,z a matt] ( fact x is by ! use ( ! p>aff9 me?od t ,i seem$ to h solv$ ! v great problem ( mak+ x possible = anybody to graft any?+1 & at any "t ( ! ye>4 ,! mo/ difficult ?+ to graft is ! %agb>k hickory1 & we h ev5 done t e mon? ( ! ye>1 except ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,?is ye> we are go+ to try ^? mon?s1 = ,i believe t ! hickory tree may be graft$ any mon? ( ! ye>4 ,n[ ! po9t ( my rem>ks w relate to diff]5t k9ds ( p>aff94 ,?is ,p>[ax1 :i* melts at #abe degrees f>5heit1 w be satisfactory 9 ! nor? temp]ate regions4 ,we may raise ! melt+ po9t t5 degrees1 if we l1 by ! addition ( ! c>nauba wax1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is highly cry/all9e4 ,a cry/all9e wax is n desirable because x cracks & p]mits ! air to ent] & we h a desiccation ( ! scion4 ,! ,/&>d ,oil p w furni% p>aff9 ) a melt+ po9t ( #ach degrees1 & t w cov] all ( our ne$s = hot c\ntries4 ,b 9 gett+ p>aff9s t melt at #acf1 #acg or #ach degrees we h a r def9ite cry/all9e elem5t4 ,mr4 ,bixby has sugge/$ ! use ( ! e>? wax :i* is m9$ 9 ,au/ralia4 ,x is really a fossil p>aff9 & is n s granul>4 ,i f\nd t x is n to be _h 9 ?is c\ntry at ! pres5t "t1 h[ev]1 al?\gh v>i\s deal]s told me t !y _h x1 & ,i obta9$ f a firm 9 ,new ,york ,city a misbr&$ specim5 call$ ,ozok]ite1 :i* !y said is a te*nical t]m = ?is p>ticul> fossil p>aff94 ,b x 0 no?+ ( ! sort2 x 0 some?+ !y _h made up = !mselves4 ,mr4 ,bixby k9dly gave me a p\nd or s ( ! real ,ozok]ite1 s ,i _h ! g5u9e ?+ to exp]im5t )4 ,we may !n settle ! "q ( obta9+ p>aff9es :i* h a high melt+ po9t1 by kn[+ t !y may be obta9$ f any ( ! ,/&>d ,oil p4 ,kn[+ t we mu/ h1 9 addition1 ! ela/ic feature1 ,i f\nd "o man :o _h succe$$ by add+ some?+ to a high melt+-po9t p>aff94 ,he said t x 0 a secret1 b ,i soon f\nd t x w\ld be no secret to a bee4 ,x w\ld seem1 !n1 t ?is quality 9 beeswax w\ld be valuable1 s9ce ! secret =mula f ?is same deal] has little m ?an beeswax 9 x4 ,beeswax is a diff]5t k9d ( organic product f p>aff9 & ,i w\ld n expect !m to m+le naturally :5 9 melt$ solution1 b app>5tly !y d4 ,y w f9d t ! specim5s :i* conta9 ?is wax are v smoo? to ! t\*1 & app>5tly are m homog5e\s ?an p>aff94 ,! subject = exp]im5t !n1 = memb]s ( ?is audi5ce1 is t ( f9d+ "s sub/ance t may be add$ to give ela/icity1 b :i* w n *ange ! melt+ po9t4 ,9 ! ,s\? we may require 9 addition some?+ to :it5 our p>aff94 ,"s m5 9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia wrote me t !y _h fa/5$ :ite pap] ab\t ea* graft & put a rubb] b& ov] x4 ,i sugge/$ ?is plan to "o or two m5 9 ,au/ralia & 9 ,ceylon1 :o _h compla9$ ab\t ! melt+ ( ! ,p>[ax1 & ,i h n yet receiv$ _! replies4 ,i h be5 try+1 h[ev]1 to simplify ?+s 9 ! way ( graft+4 ,9 addition to ! ela/icity t we ne$1 we mu/ h :it5+1 & = ?is purpose we mu/ add some?+ t w n be poison\s to ! tree b w mix ) ! p>aff9 readily & give a :ite p>aff91 :i* w int]f]e some:at ) ! act9ic light4 ,i h f\nd t c>bonate ( lead w mix well ) p>aff94 ,c>bonate ( z9c w also mix well4 ,!y are bo? heavy1 s heavy t !y ne$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( /irr+4 ,a light] sub/ance is citrate ( z9c1 :i* w give ela/icity1 & :i* w probably also give a :ite effect4 ,x melts ) ! p>aff9 &1 be+ neutral1 x w d no h>m to ! tree4 ,i h giv5 y an outl9e on :i* ,i wi% discussion1 = ,i hope to get f ?is audi5ce ! in=mation & sugge/ions t w enable me to make my exp]im5ts 9 ! "r way s t by next spr+ we may h no fur!r ne$ = discuss+ ! "q z to ! correct p>aff9 me?od 9 graft+4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,!re is ano!r wax t is n s cry/all9e z ! ,p>[ax1 & t is ,c&elilla1 :i* is produc$ 9 ,texas & ,new ,mexico4 ,x may be obta9$ f ! wax import]s 9 ,new ,york ,city1 n f ! ,/&>d ,oil ,co41 b ! import]s4 ,i w f9d out j :]e x is f4 ,i c easily get samples4 ,its melt+ po9t is n s high z ,p>[ax1 b x is mu* high] ?an any ( ! o!r waxes4 ,,dr4 ,,morris3 ,!n by mix+ x ) ! high-melt+ po9t waxes1 ^? ( ab\t #ach degrees1 we might get good results4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i ?9k s1 & )\t introduc+ ! cry/all9e elem5t4 ,pr(4 ,h4 ,h4 ,hume ( ,gl5 ,/4 ,m>y1 ,florida 0 !n ask$ to speak4 ,he said t he uses fre% p9e gum f ! turp5t9e cups to make graft+ wax /ick4 ,?is w mix ) beeswax & give ! ela/icity ne$$ = w9t] "w 79 ! ,s\?74 ,also x is unaffect$ by a temp]ature z high z #abj degrees4 ,he uses a mixture ( high grade ros91 beeswax & p9e gum ) :i* pieces ( clo? are saturat$4 ,gum %\ld be obta9$ 9 ! spr+ :5 x is pure/4 ,x is ?9 en\gh to p\r out4 ,dr4 ,zimm]man said t he _h tri$ p9e gum ) p>aff9e & x w\ld n mix4 ,pr(4 ,hume said t beeswax c be _h 9 v>i\s %ades up to pure :ite4 ,dr4 ,morris said t black graft+ wax attracts heat & excludes act9ic rays4 ,he pref]s a transluc5t wax4 ,pr(4 ,hume /at$ t 9 ! c\ntry :]e ,jacksonville1 ,florida1 is !re are #ajj miles ( roadway "u con/ruction :i* w be plant$ ) nut trees :]e possible4 ,he add$ t once :5 he 0 ill = a long "t ! doctor f9ally ord]$ a glassful ( milk & a h&ful ( pecan k]nels = 8 diet4 ,he tri$ x & x work$4 ,dr4 ,zimm]man said t = graft+ wax he _h us$ equal p>ts ( p>aff91 /e>ic acid & beeswax ) good results4 ,dr4 ,morris /at$ 8 belief t ! simple splice graft is ! /ronge/ k9d4 ,,friday ,,morn+ ,,session ,sept4 #bh?4 ,! *airman ( ! ,committee on ,incorporation 0 call$ ^u = a report & spoke z foll[s3 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,"u ! ,code ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia !re is a provision ( law :]eby any educational1 sci5tific or *>itable association c be incorporat$ & become a body corporate ) all ( ! rights ( any o!r corporation1 s f> z ! corporate entity & liability is conc]n$4 ,! provision ( ! ,di/rict ,code is a v lib]al "o & draft$ to enc\rage su* societies z ?is4 ,! committee !re=e ?\ght x bett] to incorporate "u ?is provision ( ! law ?an "u t ( "s o!r /ate4 ,! advantages ( incorporat+ a society ( ?is k9d are sev]al4 ,x makes ! action ( ! organization t ( a legaliz$ corporation & takes away liability ( individual memb]s4 ,if anyone %\ld desire to donate money to ! organization1 we w\ld h a corporate entity t w\ld be responsible "u ! law = ! safe h&l+ ( su* funds4 ,"u ! law we c hold su* funds up to ! po9t :]e ! income is n m ?an #be1jjj a ye>4 ,9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia a corporation c take title to real e/ate1 transf] prop]ty & d all necess>y ?+s 9 accordance ) its by-laws4 ,we !re=e conclud$ t !re c\ld be no objection to incorporat+ "u su* laws4 ,s ) ! cons5t ( ! o!r memb]s ( ! committee1 ,i prep>$ 9 my (fice ! prop] c]tificate ( incorporation :i*1 "u ! requirem5ts ( ! ,code ( ! ,di/rict1 are z foll[s3 ,,"k ,,all ,,m5 ,,by ,,^! ,,pres5ts1 ,t we1 ! und]sign$1 all ( :om are citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & a majority ( :om are resid5ts ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 desir+ to associate ourselves = sci5tific & educational purposes & = mutual improvem5t2 & to organize a corporation "u sub-*apt] ?ree 7#c7 ( ! ,incorporation ,laws ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 z provid$ 9 ! ,code ( ,law ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 enact$ by ,congress & approv$ by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 d h]eby c]tify3 ,,fir/3 ,t ! corporate "n ( ?is company %all be ,! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 ,incorporat$4 ,,second3 ,! t]m = :i* is x organiz$ is p]petual4 ,,?ird3 ,! p>ticul> bus9ess & objects ( ! society are ! promotion ( int]e/ 9 nut-be>+ plants1 _! products & _! culture1 &1 9 g5]al1 to d & to p]=m e lawful act & ?+ necess>y or exp$i5t to be done or p]=m$ = ! effici5t conduct ( said bus9ess z au?oriz$ by ! laws ( ,congress1 & to h & to ex]cise all ! p[]s conf]r$ by ! laws ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ^u corporations "u said sub-*apt] ?ree 7#c7 ( ! ,incorporation ,laws ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,,f\r?3 ,! numb] ( directors ( ! said corporation = ! fir/ ye> ( its exi/5ce %all be five4 ,,9 ,,witness ,,:]e( we h h]eunto affix$ our h&s & seals ?is #bg? day ( ,septemb] ,a4 ,d4 #aibc4 ,k>l ,w4 ,gre5e 7,seal7 ,alb]t ,r4 ,williams 7,seal74 ,?omas ,p4 ,littlepage 7,seal74 ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia1 ,,to ,,wit3 ,i1 ,alice ,b4 ,watt1 a ,not>y ,public 9 & = ! ,di/rict a=esaid1 d h]eby c]tify t ,k>l ,w4 ,gre5e 7( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia71 ,alb]t ,r4 ,williams 7( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia7 & ,?omas ,p4 ,littlepage 7( ! ,/ate ( ,m>yl&71 p>ties to ! =ego+ & annex$ c]tificate ( ,incorporation ( ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association1 ,,incorporat$1 be>+ date on ! #bg? day ( ,septemb]1 #aibc1 p]sonally appe>$ be=e me 9 ! ,di/rict a=esaid ! said ,k>l ,w4 ,gre5e1 ,alb]t ,r4 ,williams & ,?omas ,p4 ,littlepage1 be+ p]sonally kn[n to me to be ! p]sons :o made & sign$ ! said c]tificate & sev]ally ackn[l$g$ ! same to be _! act & de$ = ! purposes !re9 set =?4 ,,witness my h& & seal ?is #bg? day ( ,septemb]1 #aibc4 ,,alice ,r4 ,,watt1 ,not>y ,public4 ,my commission expires ,decemb] #ag1 #aibc4 ,! smalle/ numb] ( memb]s ) :i* corporation is possible1 is ?ree2 s ,i secur$ two memb]s1 ,mr4 ,gre5e & ,mr4 ,williams1 :o1 toge!r ) myself1 prep>$ ?is1 & put x 9 prop] =m4 ,we !n fil$ x ) ! ,record] ( ,de$s1 keep+ a copy = ! files ( ! incorporation4 ,! ,record] receiv$ x1 & ! fact t he receiv$ x 0 pro( t x 0 satisfactory4 ,we are n[1 !re=e1 a corporation4 ,( c\rse1 we want to put t ma*9]y into action1 b 9 ord] to d s a bo>d ( directors has to be select$4 ,!n w foll[ ! election ( (fic]s ( ! ,association4 ,!re=e1 ,i h prep>$ a report ( ! meet+ ( ! incorporators1 :i* ,i w read4 ,z ,i said1 h[ev]1 we did ?is to get ! ma*9]y into op]ation4 ,next ye> ! directors w be elect$ by ! memb]s4 ,,meet+ ,,( ,,! ,,incorporators ,,( ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association1 ,,incorporat$4 ,! organization meet+ ( ! ,incorporators ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 ,incorporat$1 0 held at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,septemb] #bh?1 #aibc1 at #aj3jj o'clock a4 m4 ,pres5t3 ,k>l ,w4 ,gre5e1 ,alb]t ,r4 ,williams1 & ,?omas ,p4 ,littlepage4 ,^u motion1 ,?omas ,p4 ,littlepage became ,*airman ( ! meet+4 ,^u motion ( ,mr4 ,gre5e1 second$ by ,mr4 ,williams & unanim\sly pass$1 ! foll[+ 7 elect$ ,directors ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 ,incorporat$1 = ! fir/ ye> ( its exi/5ce or !reaft] until ! annual meet+ ( ! company 9 #aibd4 ,james ,s4 ,mc,glennon1 ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+1 ( ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut4 ,will>d ,g4 ,bixby1 ( ,baldw91 ,nassau ,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,h>ry ,r4 ,web]1 ( ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris1 ( ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,^u motion ( ,mr4 ,gre5e second$ by ,mr4 ,williams & unanim\sly pass$1 by-laws ( ! corporation 7 adopt$4 ,!re be+ no fur!r bus9ess1 ! meet+ ( ! ,incorporators adj\rn$4 ,,k>l ,w4 ,,gre5e1 ,,alb]t ,r4 ,,williams1 ,,?omas ,p4 ,,littlepage1 ,incorporators4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,! next action1 !n1 ,mr4 ,littlepage1 w\ld be to get ! report ( ! nom9at+ committee4 ,i call = t n[4 ,mr4 ,littlepage3 7,reads z foll[s73 ,,m9utes ,,( ,,fir/ ,,meet+ ,,( ,,directors ,,( ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,nut ,,gr[]s ,,association1 ,,inc4 ,! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,directors ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s ,association1 ,incorporat$1 0 held at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,septemb] #bh?1 #aibc4 ,pres5t3 ,james ,s4 ,mc,glennon1 ,will>d ,g4 ,bixby1 ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris4 ,^u motion ( ,mr4 ,bixby second$ & unanim\sly pass$1 ! foll[+ (fic]s 7 elect$ = ! ensu+ ye>1 or !reaft] until ! annual meet+ ( ! ,incorporation to be held 9 #aibd3 ,presid5t1 ,h>ry ,r4 ,web]2 ,vice-,presid5t1 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones2 ,treasur]1 ,h4 ,j4 ,hilli>d2 ,secret>y1 ,w4 ,c4 ,dem+4 ,!re be+ no fur!r bus9ess1 ! meet+ adj\rn$4 ,,will>d ,g4 ,,bixby1 ,secret>y ( ,directors' ,meet+4 7,! report 0 adopt$ by ! conv5tion74 ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,f9ance ,,committee ,by ,will>d ,g4 ,bixby ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,! f9ance committee asks ! association to in/ruct ! secret>y 9 ! pr9t+ ( ! next report to endeavor to r$uce ! size to "o-half ( ! pres5t report4 7,adopt$ by ! conv5tion74 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i move z an am5dm5t to ,article ,two ( ! ,by-,laws1 t annual memb]%ip be #c1 or #e includ+ a ye>'s subscription to ! ,j\rnal4 ,contribut+ memb]s to pay #aj1 ?is includ+ a ye>'s subscription to ! ,j\rnal4 7,motion second$ & adopt$ by ! conv5tion1 & ! committee on ,incorporation dis*>g$ ) ! ?anks ( ! association74 ,,mr4 ,,littlepage3 ,i h ne>ly ov]look$ ! fact t ! organization mu/ n[ h a corporate seal1 ) an appropriate inscription4 ,an appropriate inscription w\ld be ,! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association1 ,incorporat$4 ,all su* seals g5]ally c>ry "s appropriate design1 & !re are v>i\s ones to be _h4 ,i move t a committee ( ?ree be appo9t$ to det]m9e ^u ! design ( ?is seal1 & !n lat]1 if ! *airman ( ! committee w s5d ! design to me1 ,i w h ! seal made & s5d x to ! association4 7,motion second$ & adopt$1 & ,dr4 ,dem+1 ,mr4 ,bixby1 & ,dr4 ,morris appo9t$ z committee by ! presid5t74 ,aft] consid]able discussion ,new ,york ,city 0 select$ z ! place = ! next conv5tion & ! dates ,w$nesday1 ,?ursday & ,friday1 ,septemb] #crd1 #d? & #e?1 #aibd4 ,a vote ( ?anks to ! presid5t1 ,mr4 ,james ,s4 ,mc,glennon1 0 adopt$4 ,! secret>y 0 also in/ruct$ to write to ,mrs4 ,hutt express+ ! ?anks ( ! conv5tion = h] address4 ,dr4 ,oswald ,s*re9] ( ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture 0 !n introduc$ & spoke z foll[s3 ,9 ! successful gr[+ ( pecan trees1 ! prop] c>e ( ! or*>d is ( enorm\s importance4 7,to illu/rate ?is po9t1 slides 7 %[n ( a good or*>d & a poor or*>d on a r ?9 soil 9 ! ,coa/al ,pla9 ,region4 ,9 ! good or*>d1 ! trees _h be5 well c>$ =1 ! soil f]tiliz$ by ! gr[+ ( legumes & cov] crops pl[$ "u2 9 ! poor or*>d1 ! trees _h be5 neglect$ & ! soil impov]i%$ by ! cont9u\s gr[+ ( cultivat$ crops1 su* z cotton & corn4 ,! two views v cle>ly %[$ :i* or*>d 0 on a pay+ basis & likely to prove a pr(itable inve/m5t74 ,x is ne$less to say t ! crop f su* a poor1 int]cropp$ or*>d w\ld be meagre & unpr(itable until ! me?ods 7 *ang$4 ,! gr[+ ( legumes to furni% humus1 & ev5 ! gr[+ ( w9t] cov] crops1 su* z rye1 to be pl[$ "u 9 ! spr+1 _c be too /rongly recomm5d$ z soil improv]s4 ,:5 nut trees are gr[n 9 or*>ds1 !y c no long] be consid]$ z =e/ trees to be left to take c>e ( !mselves until a ri* h>ve/ ( nuts is produc$1 b mu/ be c>$ = j z mu* z any o!r fruit tree or cultivat$ crop or ! h>ve/ ( nuts w nev] be =?com+4 ,! f]tiliz+ ( nut trees1 h[ev]1 (f]s m difficulties ?an d ! annual crops4 ,exp]im5ts on ?is subject h be5 few & ! in=mation obta9able is r meagre4 ,consequ5tly1 a few ye>s ago1 ! ,(fice ( ,soil ,f]tility ,inve/igation1 :i* is conduct+ f]tiliz] inve/igations on a l>ge numb] ( ! annual crops gr[n on ! prom95t soil types or soil regions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 />t$1 9 co-op]ation ) ! ,(fice ( ,horticultural ,inve/igations ( ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 a numb] ( f]tiliz] exp]im5ts on pecan or*>ds1 involv+ a /udy ( sev]al soil types suitable = nut production & attempt+ to asc]ta9 ! prop] f]tiliz] requirem5ts = ! pecan on ^! soils4 ,:ile ^! exp]im5ts h be5 runn+ only five ye>s1 :i* 9 po9t ( "t is v small 9 ! life ( a pecan tree1 yet ! diff]5t f]tiliz]s employ$ already %[ "s highly int]e/+ results1 suffici5t to indicate t c]ta9 f]tiliz] applications und\bt$ly influ5ce ! gr[? ( ! tree1 its productiv5ess1 & quality ( ! nut produc$4 ,! exp]im5tal f]tiliz] mixtures are all prep>$ "h 9 ,wa%+ton 9 a f]tiliz]-mix+ plant on ! dep>tm5t's ,arl+ton ,f>m1 on ! ,virg9ia side ( ! riv]4 ,! f]tiliz] h\se is well /ock$ ) all ( ! v>i\s f]tiliz] sub/ances us$ 9 agriculture1 ready = mix+2 nitrate ( soda f ,*ili1 pota% f ,france & ,g]many1 & our own f> we/]n /ates2 cottonse$ meal f ! ,s\?1 tankage & dri$ blood f ! slaught] h\ses ( ,*icago & ,omaha1 ,t5nessee or ,florida phosphates1 & acid phosphate1 ammonium sulfate f ! coke ov5s ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,?omas slag f ,engl&1 9 %ort1 all sorts ( comm]cial mat]ials f ne> & remote s\rces1 = /udy & use 9 f]tiliz]s4 7,slides 7 !n %[n ( ! ext]ior & int]ior ( ! plant :]e lit]ally ?\s&s ( exp]im5tal f]tiliz] mixtures are prep>$ to /udy ! requirem5ts ( ! v>i\s soils & crops1 & are !n %ipp$ 9 freight c>s to ! v>i\s exp]im5t places4 ,two slides %[+ ! application ( f]tiliz] 9 a l>ge or*>d :]e tractors are employ$ 9 c>ry+ on ! v>i\s cultural op]ations & also 9 a small or*>d :]e h& labor is employ$1 7 also %[n74 ,! s*eme ( f]tiliz] exp]im5tation adopt$ 9 ?is "w is r complete & s plann$ z to include f]tiliz]s c>ry+ ! pr9cipal f]tiliz] con/itu5ts1 phosphate1 ammonia & pota%1 s+ly1 9 comb9ations ( two elem5ts1 & 9 comb9ations ( ?ree elem5ts1 9 v>i\s proportions 9 a regul>ly grad$ mann]4 ,! foll[+ s*eme illu/rates ^! mixtures ( diff]5t analyses1 ! fir/ figure d5ot+ ! p]c5tage ( phosphate1 ! second ! p]c5tage ( ammonia1 & ! ?ird ! p]c5tage ( pota% 9 ! f]tiliz]4 ,! v>i\s mixtures are numb]$ consecutively4 #a --- #bj-j-j #b #c --- --- #af-j-d #af-d-j #d #e #f --- --- --- #ab-j-h #ab-d-d #ab-h-j #g #h #i #aj --- --- --- --- #h-j-ab #h-d-h #h-h-d #h-ab-j #aa #ab #ac #ad #ae --- --- --- --- --- #d-j-af #d-d-ab #d-h-h #d-ab-d #d-af-j #af #ag #ah #ai #bj #ba --- --- --- --- --- --- #j-j-bj #j-d-af #j-h-ab #j-ab-h #j-af-d #j-bj-j ,x is q app>5t t 9 ?is s*eme ! entire field ( f]tiliz] =mulas is cov]$ 9 a regul> way4 ,9 addition to ?is =mula plan o!r exp]im5ts are also "u way to det]m9e ! influ5ce ( ! diff]5t f]tiliz+ mat]ials1 c>ry+ ! phosphate1 ammonia & pota%1 & ! influ5ce ( lime1 rock phosphate1 v>i\s gre5 manur+ crops1 etc4 ,! exp]im5ts are c>ri$ out 9 comm]cial or*>ds on sev]al soil types & 9 sev]al localities4 ,:ile ! ye>s ! exp]im5ts h be5 runn+ are yet too few = any f9al conclusions1 & ! details too num]\s to pres5t 9 a brief sket* "h1 !re h nev]!less be5 "s v int]e/+ results f ! use ( f]tiliz]s :i* is readily %[n by a few lant]n slides4 ,"h is1 = in/ance1 a view ( a f]tiliz$ & an unf]tiliz$ section ( "o ( our exp]im5ts 9 ,georgia4 ,! views 7 obta9$ 9 ! fall1 & "o c\ld tell at a glance1 n only t ! unf]tiliz$ trees 7 n z l>ge1 b also q /rik+ly t !y _h ne>ly lo/ all ( _! foliage1 :]eas ! trees on ! f]tiliz$ section 7 /ill 9 full foliage1 ?us pres5t+ a v /rong contra/4 ,! effect ( f]tiliz]s on ! foliage is %[n also 9 a s]ies ( slides ( repres5tative trees1 f "o ( our exp]im5ts 9 ,l\isiana1 likewise tak5 9 ! fall4 ,! fir/ tree _h n be5 f]tiliz$1 ! second _h be5 f]tiliz$ ) phosphate & ! ?ird ) pota%4 ,! "o f]tiliz$ ) phosphate appe>$ slightly l>g]1 b x c aga9 be obs]v$ t all ?ree trees 71 at ! "t ! picture 0 tak51 ne>ly ?ree-f\r?s defoliat$4 ,! next two trees f ! same exp]im5t1 f]tiliz$ respectively ) a nitrog5\s f]tiliz] & ) a complete f]tiliz]1 & photograph$ at ! same "t1 %[ ! influ5ce ( ^! f]tiliz]s /rik+ly 9 t !y are /ill 9 complete foliage1 z well z %[+ a m vigor\s gr[?4 ,?ree slides ( f]tiliz$ & unf]tiliz$ trees f /ill diff]5t exp]im5ts all %[ ! full] foliage & bett] bran*+ ( ! f]tiliz$ trees1 especially ^? f]tiliz$ ) ! nitrog5\s f]tiliz]s or ! complete f]tiliz]s4 ,! yields ( ^! trees _c "h be tak5 up b1 9 g5]al1 ^! f]tiliz$ trees came into be>+ e>li] & h yield$ d\ble & treble ! numb] ( nuts produc$ by ! unf]tiliz$ trees4 7,9 conclusion1 !re 0 %[n a slide ( ! yield ( nuts f an exp]im5tal tract ( a comm]cial or*>d ( ab\t #bj acres1 9 :i* ! yield f a f]tiliz$ acre 0 comp>$ ) ! yield f an unf]tiliz$ acre4 ,x 0 not$ t ! unf]tiliz$ acre gave a yield ( approximately two b>rels1 :]eas ! f]tiliz$ acre gave an increase ( two bu%el baskets m ?an ! unf]tiliz$47 ,dr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,saf=d1 ,botani/1 ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 !n spoke on ! ,use ( ,nuts by ! ,aborig9al ,am]icans4 ,,dr4 ,,saf=d3 ,my int]e/ 9 nuts has be5 conf9$ almo/ entirely to ^? ( ,am]ican orig94 ,= a good _m ye>s1 ,i h be5 /udy+ ! plants1 & plant products1 utiliz$ = food1 & = o!r purposes1 by ! aborig9al ,am]icans1 be=e ! arrival 9 ?is hemisph]e ( ,columbus & 8 companions4 ,9 ?is connection1 !re is a /rik+ contra/ betwe5 ! ,am]ican ,indians & ! primitive ,polynesians4 ,! *ief economic plants enc\nt]$ by e>ly explor]s on ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific ,ocean 7 id5tical ) well kn[n ,asiatic species4 ,coconuts1 breadfruit1 t>o1 sug> cane1 yams & bananas1 ! mo/ important food /aples ( ! ,polynesians1 _h be5 kn[n to ! ,old ,_w = c5turies be=e ! ,pacific ,isl&s 7 visit$ by ,europeans2 ! %rub1 f ! b>k ( :i* ! ,polynesians made _! tapa clo?1 0 id5tical ) ! pap] mulb]ry ( ,*9a & ,japan2 & ! pr9cipal screwp9e1 or ,p&anus1 f :i* ! ,polynesians made _! mats1 0 a well-kn[n species ( s\!rn ,asia4 ,a numb] ( ^! plants _h ev5 c>ri$ _! ,asiatic names ) !m to ,polynesia4 ,! ,polynesian language itself1 ) its v>i$ dialects1 spok5 9 ,hawaii1 ,samoa1 ,new ,zeal&1 ,ea/] ,isl& & on o!r isl& gr\ps1 c be trac$ )\t difficulty to ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 ! cradle ( ! ,polynesian race4 ,9 ,am]ica1 on ! o!r h&1 e cultivat$ plant enc\nt]$ by ,columbus & 8 companions 0 new4 ,n a s+le ,old ,_w food crop _h f\nd its way to our hemisph]e be=e ! ,discov]y2 n a gra9 ( :eat1 rye1 oats1 or b>ley2 no peas1 cabbage1 beets1 turnips1 wat]melon1 musk-melon1 egg-plant1 or o!r ,old ,_w vegetable2 no apple1 qu9ce1 pe>1 pea*1 plum1 orange1 lemon1 mango1 or o!r ,old ,_w fruit1 _h rea*$ ,am]ica4 ,ev5 ! cotton :i* 0 enc\nt]$ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies by ,columbus ! v morn+ aft] ! ,discov]y1 prov$ to be a di/9ct species & c\ld n be made to hybridize ) ,old ,_w cottons4 ,conv]sely1 no ,am]ican cultivat$ plants2 no maize1 no beans1 tomatoes1 potatoes1 sweet potatoes2 no cacao 7f :i* *ocolate is made72 no p9e-apples1 avocadoes1 cu/>d apples nor guavas2 no ,brazil nuts1 pecans1 or hickory nuts2 nor any o!r ,am]ican food /aple _h f\nd _! way to ! ,old ,_w2 ev5 ! bee*es1 *e/nuts1 oaks1 & maples 7 di/9ct2 & ! same is true ( ! ,new ,_w gr\nd nuts & ! grapes1 :i* 7 ! p>5t species ( our delici\s ,am]ican v>ieties4 ,q unlike any?+ 9 ! ,old ,_w 7 su* cultivat$ plants z ! ,cactaceae1 ! capsicum pepp]s1 & ! manioc f :i* cassava is made4 ,9 ,polynesia ! evid5ce ?us (f]$ by cultivat$ plants po9ts to ! spread ( ,asiatic culture ea/w>d across ! ,pacific1 :ile ! peculi>ities ( ! cultivat$ plants ( ,am]ica po9t to its isolation f all ! re/ ( ! _w2 an isolation :i* is fur!r e/abli%$ by a radical dissimil>ity ( all ,am]ican languages f ,old ,_w l+ui/ic /ocks4 ,9 no language ( ! ,new ,_w1 = example1 is !re a ve/ige ( ,hebrew1 :i* w\ld support ! *]i%$ !ory ( ! migration to ?is cont95t ( ! lo/ tribes ( ,israel2 nor is !re a sugge/ion ( any l+ui/ic elem5t to indicate connection ) ! ,*9ese1 nor any relation%ip betwe5 ! build]s ( ! ,am]ican pyramids & ^? ( ,egypt4 ,!re are _m di/9ct gr\ps ( ,am]ican languages4 ,v (t5 ! language ( a tribe is q unlike t ( its ne>e/ neighbors2 :ile at ! same "t x may resemble ! languages ( tribes q remote4 ,?is fact indicates =m] segregation ( ! v>i\s gr\ps speak+ ! unlike languages & a common ance/ry or close association ( ! tribes speak+ ! alli$ dialects4 ,z examples1 ,i might m5tion ! ,qui*ua ,indians ( ,p]u1 ^: language is v unlike ! languages spok5 by ! ,arawak & ,c>ib ,indians to _! nor?w>d &1 at ! same "t1 q di/9ct f ! languages ( _! ,brazilian neighbors to ! ea/w>d4 ,! ,aztecs ( ,mexico spoke a language diff]+ radically 9 /ructure z well z 9 vocabul>y f ! ,maya language ( _! ,yucatan neighbors2 yet !re is unque/ionably a relation%ip betwe5 ! ,aztecs & a numb] ( v di/ant tribes1 %[n by resemblances ( _! languages1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,%o%one ,indians ( ! nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,nuhuatl tribes ( ,salvador & ,co/a ,rica4 ,9 ! same way1 ! ,algonquian dialects1 :i* diff] greatly f ^? ( ! ,iroquoian1 %[ a close relation%ip betwe5 v widely scatt]$ tribes 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 f ,nor? ,c>ol9a to ,quebec4 ,su* resemblances & radical diff]5ces po9t to a v remote & long-cont9u$ segregation :i* p]mitt$ ! indep5d5t =mation ( di/9ct l+ui/ic /ocks2 :ile ! antiquity ( man 9 ,am]ica1 bo? nor? & s\? ( ! equator1 is fur!r atte/$ by ! developm5t ( su* a cultivat$ & highly specializ$ food /aple z maize1 ^: ance/ral prototype we h s\ght 9 va94 ,its endless v>ieties1 fitt$ = widely div]se conditions ( soil & climate1 also po9t to a long p]iod ( cultivation 9 dissimil> culture-areas1 :i* enabl$ !m to adapt !mselves to conditions v diff]5t f ^? ( ! orig9al /ock f :i* !y sprang4 ,all ?is evid5ce po9ts to ! peopl+ ( ?is cont95t at a v remote "t1 p]haps z f> back z ! close ( ! ,glacial ,epo*2 & x also indicates t ! e>ly prog5itors ( our ,indian tribes _h left _! orig9al homes 9 ! ,old ,_w be=e any ( ! l+ui/ic ,old-,_w /ocks _h tak5 %ape2 be=e ,sanscrit 0 ,sanscrit2 be=e ! languages ( ,*9a or any o!r ,asiatic p _h become e/abli%$2 & j z 9 ?is hemisph]e ! natives develop$ _! own languages f ! mo/ primitive elem5ts ( spee*1 s mo/ c]ta9ly did !y develop _! agriculture f ! wild plants ( ! fields1 ! swamps1 ! hillsides1 & ! =e/s4 ,9 bo? respects1 z ,i h already po9t$ out1 !y diff]$ f ! ,polynesians :o br\ght ) !m to _! isl& homes n only _! language b _! agriculture1 f ! cradle ( _! race 9 ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago2 cutt+s ( se$less breadfruit & ( sug>cane1 fle%y roots ( t>o & yams2 ev5 trees1 l ! ,indian almond & ! c&l5ut4 ,"h ,i w\ld l to po9t out to ! memb]s ( ! ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association ! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 nuts & o!r food /aples4 ,ne>ly all ( our cultivat$ vegetables1 includ+ maize1 beans1 potatoes1 sweet potatoes1 squa%es & pumpk9s1 are annuals1 s5sitive to fro/1 :i* mu/ be rais$ f se$ ea* ye>1 & :i* diff] s greatly f ! primitive plants f :i* !y came t _! ance/ral =ms _c be def9itely det]m9$4 ,mo/ ( ^! vegetables are 9 all probability ( hybrid orig91 ! result ( cross poll9ation & selection4 ,9 ! case ( our native nuts ! conditions are q diff]5t4 ,we "k ! orig9al ance/or ( ! pecan1 our hickories & our walnuts4 ,! f9e v>ieties n[ cultivat$ are n hybrids b h be5 select$ f wild trees4 ,9 connection ) nuts ,i w\ld also po9t out t 9 all probability !y 7 ! mo/ important food-/aple ( primitive man1 z well z ( 8 simian ance/ors4 ,x requir$ no great intellig5ce to ga!r !m or to /ore !m aft] ! fa%ion foll[$ by squirrels4 ,intellig5ce1 h[ev]1 is requir$ to plant nuts & to transplant nut trees4 ,/ill great] intellig5ce is involv$ 9 ! process ( prep>+ c]ta9 nuts = food4 ,a delici\s creamy emulsion1 = in/ance1 0 prep>$ by ! ,virg9ian ,indians f hickory nuts4 ,crack+ !m & remov+ ! k]nels 0 too long & t$i\s an op]ation2 s !y develop$ a me?od ( ga!r+ !m 9 quantities & cru%+ !m 9 a holl[$ log1 toge!r ) wat]1 p\nd+ !m to a pa/e & !n /ra9+ out ! fragm5ts ( %ells ?r\gh a basket sieve4 ,! milky fluid :i* 0 ?us =m$ 0 all[$ to /& until ! ?ick creamy sub/ance sep>at$ f ! wat]4 ,! wat] 0 !n p\r$ (f1 & ! delici\s cream :i* rema9$ 0 us$ z a compon5t ( v>i\s di%es4 ,?is sub/ance 0 call$ by ! ,virg9ian ,algonkian ,indians ,pawcohiccora1 a ^w :i* has be5 abbreviat$ & modifi$ to ,hickory1 ! "n by :i* we n[ designate n only ! nuts1 b ! tree & its wood4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t a simil> creamy or butt]-l sub/ance 0 d]iv$ by a simil> process f v>i\s palm nuts 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,cieza de ,leon describes su* a process 9 8 ,*ronicle ( ,p]u1 9 connection ) a nut :i* 0 describ$ z ,cocos butyrace1 b :i* 0 n a true ,cocos1 or coconut4 ,long be=e ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 a some:at simil> process 0 us$ 9 ! ,nicob> ,isl&s = extract+ a creamy sub/ance f ! grat$ k]nel ( ! true coconut1 ,cocos nucif]a1 :i* 9 e>ly times 0 call$ ,nux indica4 ,?is process is /ill foll[$ ?r\gh\t ,polynesia4 ,"s ( ! mo/ savory di%es ( ! ,samoans & ! natives ( ,guam are enri*$ & flavor$ ) ?is coconut cream1 :i* is a sub/ance q di/9ct f ! wat]1 or s-call$ milk1 conta9$ 9 ! holl[ k]nel ( ! nut1 :i* is s commonly us$ = dr9k+4 ,com+ back to ,am]ica1 ,i w\ld call att5tion to ! value ( "s ( our native p9e nuts & acorns z food /aples4 ,c]ta9 ,indian tribes ( ! ,s\?we/ live ^u p9e nuts at c]ta9 seasons :5 !y are ripe4 ,dr4 ,c4 ,h>t ,m]riam has told ( ! utilization ( acorns by v>i\s tribes ( ,indians 9 a beautifully illu/rat$ article publi%$ 9 ! ,national ,geographic ,magaz9e1 #aiah1 entitl$ ,! ,acorn1 a ,possibly ,neglect$ ,s\rce ( ,food4 ,to ! native ,indians ( ,cali=nia1 he says1 ! acorn is1 & always has be51 ! /aff ( life1 furni%+ ! mat]ial = _! daily mu% & bread4 ,he describes ! process ( ga!r+ & /or+ !m1 %ell+1 dry+1 gr9d+ ! k]nels1 lea*+ out ! bitt] tannic acid1 & prep>+ ! acorn meal 9 v>i\s ways = food4 ,9 ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 sev]al species ( acorns 7 some:at simil>ly us$1 includ+ ^? ( ! live oaks ( our s\!rn /ates4 ,! ,spani>ds ( ,florida sometimes toa/$ !m & us$ !m z a sub/itute = *ocolate or c(fee4 ,*9kap9s 7 us$ = food by ! e>lie/ ,engli% coloni/s4 ,!y are m5tion$ by ,h]riot1 ! hi/orian ( ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh's colony at ,roanoke4 ,9 addition to ^!1 ! e>ly coloni/s le>n$ to eat ! s-call$ wat]-*9kap9s1 :i* are fruits ( ! beautiful gold5-fl[]$ ,am]ican lotus1 ,nelumbo lutea1 a plant closely alli$ to ! sacr$ lotus ( ,india1 ,*9a & ,japan1 ^: nuts are ev5 n[ us$ z a food /aple4 ,! split k]nels ( ! latt] may be b\ght 9 ! ,*9ese %ops on ,p5nsylvania ,av5ue 9 ?is city4 ,! root/ocks ( bo? ! ,am]ican & ! ,ori5tal lotus are also us$ = food4 ,!y resemble bananas jo9$ toge!r end to end1 ) sev]al holl[ longitud9al tubes runn+ ?r\gh !m4 ,be=e ,i close1 ,i %\ld l to call att5tion to a plant1 endemic 9 ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica1 ^: tub]s 7 call$ gr\nd-nuts1 or ,indian potatoes by ! e>ly coloni/s4 ,! latt] "n caus$ ! plant to be mi/ak5 by c]ta9 e>ly writ]s = ! :ite potato1 :i* 0 unkn[n 9 ,nor? ,am]ica 9 e>ly colonial days1 b :i* 0 confus$ ) ! gr\nd nut on acc\nt ( ! resemblance ( ! descriptions ( ! two plants4 ,! :ite potato1 ,solanum tub]osum1 0 discov]$ 9 ! ,&es ( ,s\? ,am]ica by ,cieza de ,leon2 x 0 q unkn[n 9 ,nor? ,am]ica or 9 ! ,we/ ,indies 9 ! days ( ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh & ,sir ,francis ,drake1 bo? ( :om h errone\sly be5 giv5 ! cr$it ( introduc+ ! potato into ,engl&4 ,! potato :i* !y obs]v$ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies 0 n ,solanum tub]osum1 :i* we n[ call ! :ite potato or ,iri% potato1 b a v di/9ct plant1 ,ipomoea batatas1 :i* we n[ call ! sweet potato1 b :i* 9 e>ly days 0 kn[n z ! batata or potato4 ,! error :i* has become widely spread1 c be trac$ to ,john ,g]>de1 ! fir/ au?or to publi% an illu/ration ( ,solanum tub]osum4 ,9 8 celebrat$ ,h]ball he decl>es t ! potatoes figur$ by him 7 gr[n 9 8 g>d5 f tub]s :i* came f ,virg9ia1 or ,norembega4 ,x is q c]ta9 t ?is /atem5t 0 untrue1 & t1 z c]ta9 ,engli% writ]s h already sugge/$1 ,g]>d wi%$ to my/ify 8 read]s4 ,:atev] may h be5 8 motive1 ! error became widely spread4 ,ev5 ,?omas ,jeff]son 0 l$ to believe t ,solanum tub]osum 0 enc\nt]$ 9 ,virg9ia by ! e>ly coloni/s1 & ,s*oolcraft decl>$ t its tub]s 7 ga!r$ wild 9 ! woods l o!r wild roots4 ,! ,indian potato ( ! e>ly coloni/s is /ill abundant 9 moi/ & m>i% gr\nds1 z describ$ by ,h]riot4 ,x is a tub]-be>+ plant ( ! bean family1 & is kn[n botanically z ,glyc9e apios4 ,b ,i fe> my talk has become too discursive1 9 turn+ f nuts to gr\nd nuts1 & f gr\nd nuts to potatoes2 b ! subject1 be>+ z x does on ! orig9 & hi/ory ( cultivat$ plants1 is "o :i* has great attraction = me1 & ,i hope x may h be5 ( int]e/ to ! memb]s ( ?is association4 ,pr(essor ,c4 ,p4 ,close1 ,pomologi/1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture1 spoke z foll[s3 ,,mr4 ,,close3 ,! subject ,i _h int5d$ to speak on 0 ,ext5sion ,"w 9 ,nut ,gr[+4 ,_m ( y "k t ,i am putt+ 9 mo/ ( my "t on ! fruit end ( ext5sion "w1 b ,i am also do+ "s ext5sion nut "w4 ,i 0 hop+ t !re w\ld be repres5tatives f _m ( ! /ates "h1 because ,i want$ to enc\rage !m to get 9 t\* ) ! /ate ext5sion m51 to "w up int]e/ 9 nut culture4 ,my talk w be v brief1 b ,i w\ld l to m5tion t v few ( ! /ates z yet are do+ ext5sion "w ) nuts1 especially 9 ! ,nor?4 ,"s "w is be+ done ) pecans 9 ! ,s\?4 ,i h be5 a/\nd$ 9 talk+ ) ! l&scape m5 9 ! ,nor? to f9d t !y h n consid]$ nut trees z ornam5tal trees4 ,b aft] ,i m5tion$ t a walnut or a hickory or a pecan tree is an ornam5tal tree1 & j z mu* s z ! elm1 ! oak1 or ! maple1 !y ?\ght x w\ld be a good idea to use !m & agre$ to recomm5d ! use ( nut trees z %ade1 lawn & roadside trees4 ,!n ,i sugge/$ ! filb]t = clump plant+ z an ornam5tal4 ,i hope 9 ! future t nut trees & filb]ts w be us$ m ext5sively by ! l&scape ext5sion m5 9 _! "w ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,9 mo/ ( ! /ates !re are fruit ext5sion speciali/s b only an occasional l&scape ext5sion speciali/2 s ,i try to int]e/ ! fruit m5 9 ! plant+ ( nut trees1 & a few ( !m are do+ ?is1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,indiana1 :]e ! fruit ext5sion speciali/ has be5 int]e/$ 9 hav+ pecan & ,engli% walnut trees plant$ 9 s*ool y>ds4 ,x seems difficult to get p to compreh5d & practice nut tree gr[+ & to und]/& ! v>i\s uses ( nut trees4 ,we c judge f ! small audi5ce at ?is meet+ t !re are n en\gh p int]e/$ 9 nut gr[+4 ,9 my j\rney ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry ,i occasionally run across m5 int]e/$ 9 gr[+ a few nut trees1 & ,i try to induce !m to become memb]s ( ?is association2 b x seems to be a h>d ?+ to d4 ,a few days ago ,i call$ on a man 9 ,new ,j]sey :o said he w\ld h tw5ty bu%els ( hickory nuts & two or ?ree bu%els ( ,engli% walnuts if ! squirrels did n take !m4 ,he is up aga9/ a /ate law :i* protects ! squirrels b does n protect him4 ,i wi% we c\ld s5d out ^w ) y to ! /ates to get at lea/ a few p int]e/$ 9 nut culture1 & h !m write to ! agricultural colleges & ! exp]im5t /ations & ar\se "s int]e/ along ?is l9e at ^? in/itutions1 n only among ! fruit ext5sion m5 & ! tea*]s1 b also among ! l&scape m5 z well4 ,!re ought to be m int]e/ tak5 9 ?is "w at our colleges & univ]sities1 & nut culture c\rses ought to be organiz$4 ,! =e/]s ought to be induc$ to use nut trees :]ev] possible4 ,t is all ( ! "t ,i c>e to take at pres5t1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 b ,i wi% to say t if !re is any way ( ar\s+ int]e/ 9 ! /ates1 ,i w\ld be glad to c>ry ! ^w f ,wa%+ton & to pu% x j z h>d z possible4 ,hon4 ,w4 ,s4 ,l9ton1 ,sag9aw1 ,mi*igan1 spoke on ,roadside ,plant+ vs4 ,re=e/ation1 z foll[s3 ,z a delegate to ! ,national ,tax ,association conv5tion at ,:ite ,sulphur ,spr+s1 x has be5 my lot to h be5 nam$ on bo? f$]al & /ate committees1 ) ! idea ( exempt+ f taxation ^? :o w\ld produce trees = ! future4 ,my exp]i5ce has be5 t exemption f taxation = ! purpose ( produc+ our future =e/s is a wrong "o4 ,! s5tim5t ( ! p is aga9/ exemption f taxation1 & ,i d n "k h[ x may be practically appli$ to ! gr[+ ( ! =e/s t our c\ntry mu/ h 9 ! future4 ,b ! individual w n c>ry out ! "w1 & ! corporations w n und]take x1 s x devolves ^u ! gov]nm5t ( ! /ate to reproduce ^? =e/s4 ,! gov]nm5t lives = a long p]iod 9 betwe5 _m life-times1 & ours %\ld live z long z ! e>?4 ,x is !re=e up to u to reproduce ^? =e/s :i* we once _h &1 z all ?+s come back to ! /ate1 !n ! /ate %\ld re=e/4 ,next ! roadways are to be consid]$4 ,roadways w gr[ a bett] class ( timb] & trees2 !y are ri* 9 soil1 g5]ally1 because !y pass ?r\gh ! mo/ f]tile regions ( ! c\ntry &1 up to ?is "t1 !y h be5 wa/e l&4 ,i believe t ! f>m] is "r 9 8 wi% t trees :i* %ut 9 ! roadsides %\ld be cut away1 t ! sunlight %\ld be let 9 & ! roads h>d-surfac$4 ,we saw 9 our trip t :]e ! trees %ad$ ! roads !y 7 almo/ impassable at times1 :ile 9 ! op5 places1 !y 7 f9e4 ,9 ,mi*igan we took up ! "q ( roadside plant+1 & ,s5ator ,p5ny fa!r$ ! bill1 ! pione] measure1 t caus$ our /ate to plant roadways4 ,we h a v compet5t l&scape eng9e] 9 *>ge ( "o ( ! dep>tm5ts1 & he is plann+ to gr[ roadside trees1 us+ nut-be>+ trees1 s t ! next g5]ation w pr(it l>gely by ! "w ( today4 ,& ?is is j because ( ?is association4 ,:5 ,i 0 honor$ ) y\r presid5cy1 "o ( ! features ( ! "w we c>ri$ on 0 9 gett+ nut trees f hi/oric places1 especially f ,mt4 ,v]non4 ,! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,mt4 ,v]non v k9dly told u t we c\ld h ! walnut crop f trees t 7 />t$ !re dur+ ,wa%+ton's "t1 & ! only /ipulation 0 t we %\ld n comm]cialize ! idea2 t ^? nuts 7 priceless1 & t we %\ld n receive any money = !m1 b %\ld di/ribute !m 9 ! s*ools & 9 a public way cause int]e/ 9 ! plant+ ( nut trees4 ,t v movem5t br\ght ab\t wond]ful results1 & today !re are f five to t5 ?\s& walnut trees gr[+ 9 our /ate1 ab\t ! height ( a man1 all ( !m hav+ come f ,mt4 ,v]non4 ,on our way ?r\gh f ,:ite ,sulphur ,spr+s1 we pass$ ?r\gh ! home ( ,?omas ,jeff]son1 ,monticello1 & we f\nd "s magnific5t nut trees plant$ by ,jeff]son4 ,"s ( our be/ trees today are f ^? giv5 to ,wa%+ton by ,?omas ,jeff]son2 & ,i arrang$ at ,mt4 ,v]non to secure "s ( ! nuts f ! trees ,jeff]son plant$ !re4 ,j ye/]day ,mr4 ,dodge1 ! sup]9t5d5t at ,mt4 ,v]non1 aga9 said t we c\ld h ! crop = ?is ye>4 ,we w h a numb] ( bu%els f !re1 al?\gh ! trees h n be5 z fruitful ?is ye> z usual1 & ,i leave x to y to judge z to :at we %\ld d ) ^? nuts ?is ye>4 ,"s ( y h ideas ab\t ?is1 & ,i w\ld be glad to adopt !m4 ,b :5 ! fact is kn[n t ! walnuts c be secur$ 9 t way ! entire c\ntry w want !m4 ,at pres5t ,i h lett]s f ,texas & o!r places ask+ = "s ( ,mt4 ,v]non's nuts4 ,x is a movem5t t w cause m p1 9 my op9ion1 to h nut trees ?an any o!r1 & we %\ld pu% x to ! limit4 ,i _h a lett] f ,h5ry ,=d's secret>y1 ask+ = a doz5 trees :i* might be plant$ at ,mr4 ,=d's place 9 ,mi*igan4 ,mr4 ,=d is do+ great good1 s f> z ! sav+ ( ! =e/s is conc]n$4 ,he has imm5se tracts ( l& :]e he is c>+ = e root & bran*4 ,lett] f ,c4 ,f4 ,bobl]1 ,l&scape ,eng9e] 9 ,mi*igan3 ,! laws ( ,mi*igan1 z y are well aw>e1 enc\rage ! plant+ ( trees & %rubs by ! highway au?orities1 & protect exi/+ roadside trees f injury or de/ruction4 ,"u ^? laws consid]able plant+ has already be5 done1 & 9 su* plant+ a lib]al use has be5 made ( ! nut-be>+ v>ieties ( trees1 especially ! black walnut1 :i* is indig5\s to mu* ( ,mi*igan4 ,besides ! economic value ( nut trees1 on acc\nt ( _! food products :ile gr[+ & _! timb] products :5 mature1 !y are g5]ally v attractive 9 appe>ance1 &1 !re=e1 v well adapt$ to roadside plant+4 ,roadside developm5t pres5ts a field = consid]able /udy to produce plant+s :i* af=d a v>iety ( effects 9 trees & %rubs1 by us+ v>ieties be/ adapt$ to ! soil & climatic conditions1 :i* be/ h>monize ) ! local topography & :i* to a consid]able ext5t h an economic value 9 addition to _! ornam5tal value4 ,nut trees admirably fulfill ^! requirem5ts = roadside plant+ & :ile ,i believe t su* o!r desirable v>ieties ( trees z ! ,am]ican elm1 ! sug> maple1 & o!rs1 %\ld be us$ 9 prop] proportions1 ,i am fully conv9c$ t ! v>ieties ( nut trees adapt$ to our soil & climate %\ld be us$ lib]ally 9 ! plant+ ( ! roadsides ( ,mi*igan4 ,! plans = ! future developm5t ( ! /ate trunk l9e highways 9 ?is /ate1 contemplate ! plant+ ( ! black walnut1 butt]nut1 sweet *e/nut1 hickory1 bee*1 & o!r v>ieties ( nut be>+ trees 9 consid]able quantities1 & ,i am confid5t t _! use w add to man's enjoym5t ( ! highways & t ^! trees w become an economic asset to ! regions :]e !y are plant$4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,!re is "o ?+ ,mr4 ,l9ton m5tion$ t ,i wi% to put special emphasis ^u2 ! di/ribution ( trees gr[n f ,wa%+ton's home4 ,la/ ye> ,mr4 ,jones s5t out a lot ( se$l+ walnuts & !re are q a few 9 ,ro*e/]4 ,x 0 delightful to see ! int]e/ manife/$ by ! p receiv+ ^? se$l+s & to he> h[ ! p 7 succe$+4 ,"s ( !m h writt5 me4 ,,mr4 ,,re$3 ,possibly x w\ld help if1 :5 any ( u "h pres5t %\ld *ance to visit hi/oric spots1 we w\ld get nuts f su* places & s5d !m to ,mr4 ,l9ton2 f ,gettysburg or any ( ^? places4 ,we %\ld ea* consid] ourselves committees ( "o to get ^? nuts & to deliv] !m to ,mr4 ,l9ton4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i w see :at ,i c d ab\t x1 & w get "s ( ! nuts today4 ,,mr4 ,o',,connor3 ,i d n "k h[ ,mr4 ,l9ton w\ld feel ab\t s5d+ to diff]5t s*ools "s ( ! nuts t 7 giv5 him by ! sup]9t5d5t at ,monticello1 & 9 lett+ ! *ildr5 h a little nurs]y1 & ! means to beautify _! home t[ns1 b ,i w say t if y get ! *ildr5 />t$ 9 a ?+ l ?is1 y w h ! p>5ts foll[+ up4 ,,mr4 ,,l9ton3 ,!re is ano!r po9t ,i wi% to m5tion4 ,mr4 ,dodge s5t "o bu%el ( ! walnuts :i* he said 7 tak5 f a p>ticul> tree t he admir$4 ,he ?\ght x 0 ! be/ v>iety ( all ( !m4 ,t tree1 a ye> ago1 0 /ruck by lightn+2 s he reque/s t "s ( ! trees produc$ f ! nuts ( t p>ticul> tree1 be s5t back to ,mt4 ,v]non1 9 ord] t he may h "s se$l+s f ! orig9al tree4 ,x is a fact t ^? nuts produc$ ! be/ yields ( any t we plant$ 9 ,mi*igan1 %[+ t ! se$s f ! be/ tree w br+ ! be/ results4 ,,enc\ragem5t ,,f ,,failures ,,9 ,,graft+ ,dr4 ,g4 ,a4 ,zimm]man1 ,piket[n1 ,pa4 ,aft] improv+ f an illness ( sev]al ye>s1 & feel+ tir$1 impati5t & at times disc\rag$ ) progress 9 my physical condition1 la/ spr+ ,i secur$ a few bun*es ( scion wood & turn$ to my old boyhood hobby = div]sion2 ?is "t1 h[ev]1 by work+ on nut trees in/ead ( fruit4 ,9 pres5t+ ! foll[+ at ! reque/ ( o!rs1 ,i d n claim any orig9ality1 b simply draw ! att5tion ( int]e/$ p>ties to "s possibilities & probabilities4 ,my results h be5 v v>iable & _m ( !m %[ z successful a failure z any "o c\ld possibly obta94 ,! scions ref]r$ to 9 ! foll[+ tabulat$ record 7 put 9 f ,may #bj? to ,july #bj? & 7 well mix$ toge!r 9 ! hope ( giv+ bett] opportunity = cross poll5ization1 a few ( e v>iety except ! ,hales be+ put 9 e day4 ,! ,hales 7 all put 9 late 9 ,july4 ,i h graft$ _m o!r v>ieties ( fruits & nuts b a record ( ! hickory only is %[n bel[3 ,no4 ,gr[+ ,di$ ,gr[+ ,di$ ,weik] #df #j #df #j #ajj ,"o graft to tree #e #c #b #fj #dj ,t4,w4,t #a-a_/d diamet] #e #a #d #bj #hj ,u4,w4,t4 #bc #a #bb #d4b #ie4h ,u4,w4,t4 ,taylor #e #b #c #dj #fj ,u4,w4,t4 #aj diamet] #bg #g #bj #be4i #gd4a ,fairbanks #ae #aa #d #gc4c #bf4g ,ve/ #bg #a #bf #c4g #if4c ,manahan #bb #g #ae #ca4h #fh4b #g #j #g #j #ajj ,u4,w4,t4 #c diamet] ,laney #ac #f #g #df4a #ec4i #ae #a #ad #f4f #ic4d ,u4,w4,t4 #f diamet] ,beav] #e #b #c #dj #fj ,scions poor4 ,b "o grew #g ft4 #d 94 ,k5tucky #ai #g #ab #cf4h #fg4b #aj #a #i #aj #ij ,u4,w4,t4 #e diamet] ,kirtl& #ab #e #g #da4f #eh4d #af #e #aa #ca4c #fh4g ,u4,w4,t4 #e diamet] #g #a #f #ad4b #he4h ,u4,w4,t4 ,put on late z also ! ,hales ,hales a #f #a #e #af4f #hc4d ,u4,w4,t4 #c diamet] b #ce #j #ce #j #ajj ,u4,w4,t4 #aj diamet] c #b #b #j #ajj #j ,t4,w4,t4 #a-a_/b diamet] d #d #d #j #ajj #j ,t4,w4,t4 #b diamet] e #c #c #j #ajj #j ,t4,w4,t4 f #c #b #a #ff4f #cc4c ,t4,w4,t4 g #f #d #b #ff4f #cc4c ,t4,w4,t4 ---- -- --- ----- ----- ,total #cch #ge #bfc #bb4b #gg4h ,! la/ two s]ies ( ! ,hales made #ajj />t also b bugs kill$ ?ree grafts4 ,u4 ,w4 ,t4 means a tree f :i* all ! l[] limbs 7 cut back to ab\t a foot or eighte5 in*es & graft$1 a few top limbs hav+ be5 left intact4 ,t4 ,w4 ,t4 means a tree f :i* ! top _h be5 cut1 ! l[] limbs & /ub hav+ be5 graft$1 al?\gh a few ( ! l[] limbs 7 n saw$ (f4 ,a /udy ( ! above record is int]e/+4 ,all ( my /ocks are ( ! mock]nut type1 v>y+ f ?ree-f\r?s to two in*es 9 diamet]1 except a few trees to :i* ,i ref] specially z ,t4,w4,t4 & ,u4,w4,t4 ,x w be not$ t ! ,weik] & ! ,ve/ made ! poore/ cat*es4 ,x c\ld n h be5 due entirely to wea!r conditions or ! condition ( ! scions1 = ! scions ( ^! two v>ieties 7 equal to any?+ ,i _h4 ,9 view ( ! fact t !y are bo? v desirable nuts1 ,i always c>ri$ a few scions & kept plac+ !m frequ5tly z ,i plac$ o!r v>ieties4 ,_m ,ve/s 7 plac$ at ! same "t z ! ,fairbanks1 :i* %[s #gc4c cat*es4 ,! "o ,ve/ t did cat*1 h[ev]1 made a v ?rifty gr[?1 %[+ t x is possible app>5tly to d well on ! mock]nut4 ,) ! ,weik]1 ab\t ! #ae? ( ,july1 ,i put five scions on ! limbs & trunk ( a tree ab\t #a-a_/d in*es 9 diamet]1 ! top hav+ be5 cut out1 ) ?ree cat*es1 #fj1 aga9/ ano!r lot ( #df ) #ajj failure & #bc m ) #d4b success4 ,su* antics are difficult to und]/&4 ,_m ( ! scions 7 put 9 ! trunks ( ! trees2 o!rs 7 put on ! small bran*es ) ! splice graft4 ,! scions plac$ on ! trunks1 or ! l>g] limbs ne> ! trunk1 app>5tly did some:at bett] ?an ! splice grafts fur!r out on ! limbs4 ,9 ! walnut & o!r sappy trees1 h[ev]1 ! splice graft out on ! small limbs did bett]4 ,x is ( peculi> int]e/ t all ( ! l>ge trees f :i* ! l[] limbs 7 saw$ & ! /ubs graft$1 ! topmo/ limbs hav+ be5 left1 designat$ z ,u4,w4,t41 did badly4 ,:ile 9 ! case ( ! five ,hales1 ?ree _h #ajj & two _h #ff4f cat*es4 ,^! two also _h #ajj cat*es b bugs ate ! t5d] %oots & kill$ ?ree ( !m4 ,^! trees _h ! tops cut (f la/ fall leav+ only a few l[] limbs4 ,!y 7 put 9 on ,july #bj? aft] ! spr\ts _h well />t$ on ! trees4 ,! spr\ts 7 n tak5 (f b _! tops 7 p9*$ out4 ,^! grafts made a gr[? ( f "o to two feet or m4 ,at ! same "t a tree 0 trimm$ 7,hales b 9 ! record7 & all ! l[] limbs graft$ ) ,hales1 leav+ a few top bran*es only4 ,?irty-five 7 set & n a s+le "o grew4 ,! location ( ?is tree 0 bett] ?an any ( ! five above ref]r$ to1 because a c\ple ( ^? trees 7 /&+ on ! top ( a rock :]e "o w\ld wond] h[ !y c\ld exi/1 & x 0 s hot :5 ,i plac$ ! grafts t ,i _h to quit & get out ( ! sun4 ,9 spite ( t #ajj grew4 ,a /udy ( ! above record leads to ! conclusion t !re is v little diff]5ce 9 plant & animal cells & x seems cle> t c]ta9 old1 und]ly+ pr9ciples mu/ be dealt )4 ,i ne$ n ref] to h]$ity because1 :ile x is und\bt$ly q possible1 p]haps1 to influ5ce h]$ity t5d5cies s z to get /ocks to accept scions m readily1 x is n ! major issue = mo/ ( u j n[4 ,next spr+ we w take :at h]$ity has giv5 u & be satisfi$4 ,h[ev]1 x appe>s c]ta9 t our results 9 graft+ ! v>i\s /ocks we n[ h w dep5d l>gely on our ability to3 #a4 ,regulate plant circulation4 #b4 ,/imulate cellul> activity to a po9t compatible ) w\nd repair1 def5sive & gr[+ processes4 #c4 ,control plant cell nutrition4 ,"o ( ! v fir/ ?+s we physicians d ^u see+ a pati5t is to inve/igate 8 circulation4 ,if ! pressure is too l[ or too high1 = any reason1 we imm$iately take measures to correct x1 because we "k t disa/r\s results w quickly foll[ if t is n look$ aft]4 ,plant circulation1 or sap fl[1 is no less important4 ,mr4 ,riehl1 ,mr4 ,jones & ,dr4 ,morris made great /rides :5 !y advanc$ ! ideas ( cov]+ ! w\nd & ! scion completely to prev5t evaporation1 !reby also controll+ ! sap pressure4 ,) ! exception ( %ad+1 prun+ & defoliat+1 ?is is ab\t ! only me?od we h ( prev5t+ evaporation4 ,defoliation1 ( c\rse1 int]f]es ) ! tree's p[] ( gr[?4 ,controll+ ! humidity is probably n practical on a l>ge scale4 ,a prop] & c>eful cutt+ ( ! tree be=eh& is important4 ,x appe>s t to cut ! top completely out :ile ! tree is dormant1 s disrupts ! r\t9e circulation t ! few l[] bran*es :i* are left intact1 are well tak5 c>e ( &1 x seems to me1 t ?is1 toge!r ) ! /imulation ( ,,w\nd ,,repair by cutt+ & all[+ "t en\gh = ! cells to get into action1 0 ! prime reason = ! #ajj success 9 ! ?ree ,hales & ! cause ( ! #ajj failure 9 ! o!r ,hales tree4 ,o!r me?ods ( controll+ ! circulation are ( c\rse dra9age1 irrigation1 mul*+1 location ( ! or*>d1 plac+ ( cond5s]s ( moi/ure1 su* z /ones & o!r h>d sub/ances b5ea? ! trees1 & _m o!r contrivances :i* are 9 use1 & :i* ,i %all n discuss4 ,) ref]5ce to /imulation ( cellul> activity we are consid]ably conc]n$4 ,9 m$ic9e ,i h f\nd ! subject ( w\nd repair & immunity mo/ int]e/+1 ! two subjects seem+ to be m or less relat$4 ,"s animals w repair w\nds & immunize readily1 :ile o!rs w n4 ,9 a g5]al way "y heal?y animals & human be+s immunize mo/ readily1 :ile old] ones frequ5tly fail almo/ entirely4 ,int]e/+ly en\gh plants seem to be /rangely simil> 9 ?is respect1 & ! ?+ t /imulates cellul> activity = def5sive purposes 7immunity7 app>5tly /imulates gr[? & w\nd repair4 ,! ?+ t /imulates mo/ actively = a special purpose is ! ?+ itself1 ! be/ /imulant = w\nd repair be+ ! simple injury4 ,to illu/rate briefly3 ,9 my "w la/ summ] ,i came 9 contact ) two enemies1 yell[ jackets & copp]heads4 ,! copp]head /imulat$ me to c>ry a club 9 def5se1 :ile = ! yell[ jacket ! club 0 ( little value & ,i r pref]r$ c>bon bisulphide4 ,_h ,i ignor$ my s5ses & all[$ nature full sway1 z a tree does1 ! snake w\ld h inject$ 8 v5om & ! yell[ jacket 8 tox91 & my cells w\ld h accept$ _! only alt]native & proce$$ at once to build up a specific def5se1 aft] :i* !y w\ld h be5 9 bett] %ape = developm5t1 provid+ ! poison w\ld n h be5 s great z to prove fatal4 ,injury to a tree c]ta9ly does /imulate w\nd repair1 def5se & gr[?4 ,x is well kn[n t trees ) _m transplant+s1 root injuries1 transplant mu* m readily1 & ! nurs]ym5 use ?is me?od ( /imulation z a r\t9e proc$ure4 ,i le>n 9 ,florida t 9 ord] to transplant a good size palmetto1 !y are 9 ! habit ( digg+ d[n on "o side & cutt+ ! roots ! ye> be=e removal4 ,x w !n transplant m readily4 ,prun+ has ! same cell /imulat+ effect if done at a "t t w reta9 ! /or$ nutrition4 ,an attack ( disease j z surely /imulates cellul> activity & gr[? b x is too frequ5tly foll[$ by disa/]4 ,we h all he>d ( driv+ ru/y nails into trees 7?9k+ ! iron produc$ ! b5eficial results71 cutt+ a slit 9 ! b>k ( ! limbs & trunk = b>k b\nd s call$1 etc41 all ( :i* h /imulat+ effects ) m or less p]man5t injury to ! tree4 ,:o kn[s b :at ! sap suck]1 ) 8 ability to dig into ! b>k & extract a piece ( cambium1 0 n s5t to u to aid 9 pres]v+ our trees by /imulat+ new gr[?8 ,9 my "w la/ summ] trees t 7 subject$ to slight injury be=e h& app>5tly accept$ a l>g] proportion ( grafts4 ,i w briefly cite two specific illu/rations4 ,a little butt]nut tree locat$ ne> ! h\se 0 ! object ( my ef=ts = ov] two ye>s4 ,dur+ my illness ,i frequ5tly w5t out & prun$ a few bran*es or put on a few buds4 ,some?+ w\ld happ5 to me & possibly ,i w\ld n see x aga9 = mon?s1 & 9 ! meantime ! buds w\ld be /rangl$ or knock$ (f4 ,ano!r little hickory tree /ood 9 ! roadway4 ,h>r[s1 pl[s1 wagons & ev5 logs 7 dragg$ ov] x4 ,grafts on bo? ^! trees caught r readily la/ spr+4 ,9 fact two black walnut grafts on ?is little butt]nut 7 two ( ! v few t ,i got to gr[ at all la/ ye>4 ,my walnut graft+ 0 almo/ a total failure4 ,i h ?is to say1 h[ev]1 t ,i _h no dormant walnut scions1 my scions all be+ cut 9 ,may or ,june4 ,mr4 ,jones1 by m>k+ ! site ( 8 pat* bud sev]al days 9 advance1 admirably c>ries out ?is idea by locally /imulat+ ! cambium cells4 ,dr4 ,morris's s*eme ( us+ :ite wax1 besides regulat+ sap pressure1 all[s ! act9ic rays ( ! sun to /imulate cellul> activity4 ,cutt+ ! top out ( ! tree1 :i* disrupts ! normal circulation & ?r[s x into ! few l[] limbs1 besides /imulat+ ! cells into activity1 has app>5tly 9 a l>ge measure acc\nt$ = ! slight success t ,i h _h4 ,o!r me?ods su* z inject+ "s sub/ance "u ! b>k1 apply+ antiseptics1 or "s /imulat+ *emical 9 a simil> way1 z ,sc>let ,r$ is us$ 9 sk9 graft+ to increase epi!lial gr[?1 may aid mat]ially4 ,c]ta9 *emicals appli$ to ! tree & leaves1 z us$ 9 sprays1 seems sometimes to /imulate gr[? 9 a way t c h>dly always be acc\nt$ = by ! *eck+ ( ! disease = :i* x 0 plac$4 ,mu* m c\ld be writt5 on cellul> /imulation b en\gh has be5 said to enc\rage o!rs to make obs]vation 9 ?is connection1 = x is highly probable t ! lack ( prop] /imulation ( ! cambium acc\nts = m failures 9 top work+ trees ?an we are aw>e (4 #c,,rd ,,control ,,( ,,plant ,,cell ,,nutrition ,) ?is topic we are probably less conc]n$ 9 its relation to graft+ ?an :5 ! gr[+ & be>+ /ages come4 ,h[ev]1 c]ta9 nutritional di/urbances appe> e>ly & ! m vigor\sly ! /ock is gr[+ be=eh& ! bett] progress1 ( c\rse1 ! grafts w make :5 !y are />t$4 ,:e!r or n !y w />t m readily h ,i be5 unable to asc]ta91 b ,i h a bun* ( little fell[s ) a gr[? ( only an in* or s1 & s puny t ,i _c acc\nt = x 9 any o!r way ?an a lack ( prop] nutrition4 ,_m ( ^! little trees1 us$ z /ock1 are v old 9 comp>ison ) _! size & !y w probably be dw>fs all _! lives4 ,x is a "q :e!r _m su* trees %\ld be graft$ at all4 ,fur!r obs]vations w h to be made to decide t po9t4 ,p]haps prop] prep>ation = a ye> or two w\ld be b5eficial4 ,?is topic w l>gely be left = future discussion "u ano!r subject1 b x occurs to me t mu* might be accompli%$ by prop] att5tion to nutrition1 especially :5 sett+ out trees = graft+1 selection ( prop] site1 f]tility ( soil1 cultivation to aid absorption1 etc4 ,i h obs]v$ limbs ( animals mu* small] ?an normal due to prohibit$ movem5ts or lack ( prop] circulation1 "o side ( a tree develop$ out ( proportion1 eggs )\t h>d %ell due to lack ( calcium 9 ! h5's diet1 & ,i "k ( an old ,engli% walnut tree t be>s nuts ) %ells s ?9 z to be almo/ negligible4 ,i am told t at "o "t ?is tree bore a nut ) a mu* ?ick] %ell4 ,x has nev] _h any att5tion & x is q probable t ! lack ( prop] %ell build+ elem5ts causes ! tr\ble4 ,i h graft$ a few ( ^! & ,i want to see :at happ5s by furni%+ bett] nutrition4 ,conc]n+ scion wood1 ,i h r+$ "s limbs1 simil> to ! me?od us$ sometimes 9 produc+ extra l>ge fruit1 9 an ef=t to h ! scion /ore up a l>ge am\nt ( nutrition4 ,?is exp]im5t ,i %all cont9ue 9 ! spr+4 ,?is article is bas$ entirely on my own ideas1 obs]vations & conclusions 9 connection ) old /&+ pr9ciples4 ,z previ\sly /at$1 ,i claim no?+ new & my only desire is to /imulate o!rs to make l obs]vations4 ,c>ry+ out my conclusions 9 my "w next spr+ ,i propose to cut ! tops out ( all my trees1 leav+ a few l[] limbs in/ead ( ! top ones1 all[ !m to />t gr[? a little be=e graft+1 p9* ! tip f t gr[?1 &1 9 addition to cov]+ ) p>aff9 or "s comb9ation ( x1 %ade ! scions on ! s\?-we/ side1 ei!r by tipp+ bran*es ov] !m or "s o!r way4 ,pap] bags seem to absorb ! p>aff94 ,d\ble graft+ 9 ! case ( ! ,ve/ & ! ,weik] w be tri$4 ,:itewa%+ ! /ock to prev5t sun burn w be us$ :]e necess>y4 ,sev]al o!r exp]im5ts bas$ on ! idea ( cellul> /imulation be=e ! scions are plac$ 9 position w be tri$4 ,dr4 ,m4 ,b4 ,waite1 ( ! ,f$]al ,insecticide & ,fungicide ,bo>d1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 spoke z foll[s3 ,,dr4 ,,waite3 ,"s ( y may recall t sev]al ye>s ago1 :5 y 7 meet+ "h 9 ?is hall1 ,i gave y a pap] on ! nut diseases ( ! nor!a/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & x w\ld n be desirable to g ov] t same gr\nd aga94 ,at t "t1 we took up ! bact]iosis ( ! ,p]sian ,walnut1 & filb]t blight1 & ,i outl9$ a program ( propos$ treatm5t = ! filb]t blight4 ,x might be int]e/+ to note "h t ,dr4 ,morris1 & ,i believe also ,mr4 ,bean1 put t treatm5t into practice ) success4 ,! situation /ill rema9s1 h[ev]1 t we d n "k ( diseas$ plant+s ( any size4 ,if we f9d a real plantation ( filb]ts we w be glad to attempt control measures ourselves4 ,i h plant$ ab\t two doz5 filb]ts & !y /ill rema9 free f ! disease4 ,!re are v few local hazel nuts1 wild or cultivat$1 ar\nd ,wa%+ton2 b we und]/& t ! few hazel nuts are free f ?is disease4 ,!re are two or ?ree ?+s ,i wi% to m5tion4 ,"o is ! repeat$ inquiries rea*+ my (fice ) reg>d to ! non-fill+ ( nuts1 mo/ly ! cultivat$ nuts1 sometimes ! pecan1 sometimes ! black walnut1 & frequ5tly ! ,engli% walnut4 ,! subject is a complicat$ "o & ! disease is n "o t we c put "u ! microscope & diagnose at once4 ,! tr\ble is due to a complex ( v>ietal & environm5tal conditions1 ! effect ( ! conditions ( gr[?1 ( soil f]tility1 temp]ature1 soil1 wat] & humidity1 sun%9e1 etc41 on t plant4 ,v (t5 x is because p get ! wrong v>iety & d n "k :at !y h4 ,!y may h an unproductive se$l+4 ,on ! o!r h& a good v>iety may fail to be> 9 a locality :]e x is n suit$4 ,v frequ5tly ! real lack is 9 soil f]tility4 ,( c\rse ! success ( ! pecan trees d[n ,s\? ar\nd pig p5s is an old joke to y g5tlem51 b !re is tru? 9 t4 ,= good nuts !re is (t5 ne$ = a little extra manure or f]tiliz]1 or p]haps bo?4 ,sometimes !re are ri* pockets 9 ! e>? :]e ^? trees w\ld l to gr[1 or ri* bottom l&s :i* w produce )\t manure4 ,i ?9k "o ( ! be/ ways is to f]tilize ) manure1 if possible4 ,poll9ation tr\bles 9 connection ) ! non-fill+ & dropp+ ( ! nuts %\ld be ?\ght (4 ,!n !re is ano!r angle to be consid]$1 & p]haps ,i c express x mo/ def9itely to y by cit+ ! example ( ! ,june drop ( pea*es4 ,:5ev] a tree1 l ! pea* tree or ! pecan or ! black walnut1 sets its fruit 9 ! spr+1 y w f9d t !re are cross-poll9at$ & self-poll9at$ fruits4 ,^! w beg9 to drop _! nuts or _! fruit at def9ite /ages4 ,fur!rmore we w f9d ! abortive se$s are n "o size4 ,?is means t !re 7 def9ite /ages ( ! poll9ation & ( ! f]tilization4 ,i %\ld l to "w t up & f9d :at ! /ages are4 ,! la/ big /ep 9 ! dropp+ ( ! pea* tree is ! %$d+ ( ! fruit j z ! pits are h>d5+4 ,:5 !y are h>d ! fruit does n fall4 ,s ?is ,june-drop "q ties 9 ) ! complications ( poll9ation & nutrition4 ,we "k f exp]im5ts on ! /]ility ( ! pe> tree1 if highly f$ & cultivat$1 su* z ^? ,i work$ on 9 ! city ( ,ro*e/]1 t ^? highly f$ trees w h "s self-f]tiliz$ pe>s4 ,9 all ( ! pe>s we got no pe>s result$ :5 poll9iz$ ) ! poll5 ( ! same v>iety1 except on ^? well f$ trees4 ,we le>n$ ?is 9 ! ,ea/1 & h s9ce f\nd ! same type ( self-f]tiliz$ pe> occurr+ naturally 9 ,cali=nia & o!r places 9 ! ,we/4 ,9 nut production t :ole "q ( sett+ & fill+ is ti$ up 9 a complicat$ way ) poll9ation & nutrition4 ,aside f nutrition ! o!r ?+ to be consid]$ is t ( disease4 ,! common black walnut ar\nd ,wa%+ton is g5]ally poor f fungus leaf diseases4 ,^? ( u famili> ) x ar\nd "h "k t !y d n fruit well4 ,?is is n a good place = ! common black walnut4 ,! wild ones are ne>ly all poor4 ,i 0 rais$ 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley1 :]e !re 7 l>ge nuts & f9e ones1 & we ga!r$ ^? :i* fell f ! specially good trees4 ,!y d n gr[ s well "h1 except ! ,/abl] & a few o!rs4 ,leav+ t subject1 !re is ano!r ,i wi% to take up4 ,t is1 ! great numb] ( compla9ts ab\t w9t]-kill+ ( ! ,engli% walnut4 ,:]ev] we h be5 able to trace t d[n1 z we frequ5tly h1 we f9d t ! ,engli% walnut suff]s m f w9t]-kill+ "r ar\nd ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 & 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ?an up 9 ,ro*e/]2 & we also h compla9ts ( w9t]-kill+ z f> s\? z ,georgia4 ,a common cause is ! v>iation ( moi/ure4 ,aft] a dry spr+ & e>ly summ] soak+ ra9s come 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 & ! trees1 br\ght sudd5ly into gr[? at ! close ( ! season1 :5 !y %\ld be dry+ out1 ! walnut tree 9 p>ticul>1 %[ w9t]-kill+4 ,s ,i ?9k "o ( ! ma9 tr\bles ) ! ,engli% walnut 9 ! ,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates is ! w9t]-kill+4 ,ev5 9 ,georgia we may h ?is tr\ble ) ! pecan1 "y trees two & ?ree ye>s old1 & ,i h photograph$ !m4 ,z to false /imulation1 9 ! woods1 :]e ^! trees gr[ native & "u ! conditions to :i* !y are necess>ily adapt$1 !y are mul*$ & cr[d$ :5 "y by _! competitors4 ,9 cultivation we d n get ! cr[d+ & ! mul*+ t makes /eady gr[? & prop] rip5+4 ,s y %\ld1 by "s process1 gr[+ corn1 cov] crops1 or o!r trees1 keep y\r delicate nut trees a little cr[d$ &1 if possible1 mul*$ :ile "y2 & !n lat]1 cut out ! undesirable ?+s & let ! trees h room4 ,i am n fully prep>$ to speak ab\t ! nut "w ( ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 because t %\ld be h&l$ by ! *ief ( ! bureau4 ,i h *>ge only ( ! diseases ( fruits & nuts4 ,we h _h #h1bjj allott$ to ! project & w h #b1jjj m ?is ye>1 mak+ #aj1bjj4 ,orig9ally t 0 #c1jjj = nut diseases all ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we />t$ to "w ma9ly on ! s\!rn pecan diseases1 & p>tly on ! bact]iosis ( ! walnuts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b ! ,s\!rn ,pecan ,gr[]s' ,association got "s additional money = ! bureau1 #e1jjj ( :i* 0 giv5 to ! fruit disease inve/igations1 & 0 ti$ up ) ! o!r #c1jjj4 ,b ! word+ ( ! bill said1 ,all = pecan diseases4 ,s we transf]r$ m to ! project & made x #h1bjj = ! nut diseases4 ,t means we h done v little "w = ! nut diseases except on ,s\!rn pecans1 & ,i h be5 w>n$ t "o mu/ n /ress s\!rn pecans ) ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association4 ,we h _h1 h[ev]1 "o man1 & w h two m51 on ! s\!rn pecan diseases 9 ,georgia1 on pecan scab & pecan leaf diseases1 :o are w9n+ out beautifully1 & h ne>ly solv$ _m ( ! problems1 includ+ ! pecan scab4 ,"o ( ! difficulties is ! occasional late summ] ra9y spell1 br++ diseases & bad conditions4 ,b 9 g5]al we h solv$ ! problem pretty well4 ,!n we h ! m p]man5tly dang]\s disease1 pecan rosette1 :i* has tak5 ab\t half ( ! pecans 9 "s sections ( ! ,s\?1 especially 9 s\? ,georgia & 9 ,florida4 ,t disease is be+ exp]im5t$ ^u 9 ! mo/ ext5sive way ( any ( our projects4 ,!re is only "o ^w to say ab\t pecan rosette1 & t is--humus--! disease is cur$ by ! application ( humus4 ,,mr4 ,,re$3 ,h[ f> nor? is ! walnut rosette disease8 ,,dr4 ,,waite3 ,z f> z ,falls ,*ur*1 ,va41 b n mu* 9 ! ,nor?4 ,,mr4 ,,re$3 ,! "q 0 ask$ ye/]day z to :e!r x c\ld n be ov]come 9 ?is latitude4 ,,dr4 ,,waite3 ,t nobody kn[s4 ,! soils ea/ & s\? ( ,wa%+ton are all acid1 & ! conditions are wrong = rosette4 ,! soils h no t5d5cy to *lorosis4 ,!y are1 9 fact1 anti*lorotic4 ,!oretically y c\ld get ! rosette conditions 9 ! ,pi$mont region1 b y are almo/ c]ta9 n to f9d !m ov] ?is way4 ,n[ 9 ! organization ( ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry !re are at lea/ two ma9 (fices :]e nut problems w\ld be /udi$2 9 ! ,division ( ,horticultural & ,pomological ,inve/igations & 9 my (fice1 :]e ! diseases are /udi$4 ,rememb]1 also1 t ! insect pe/s are /udi$ 9 ! ,bureau ( ,entomology2 !y h exp]im5t$ q ext5sively ) pecan insect pe/s1 & h ! organization to h&le su* pe/s4 ,( c\rse !re is a ,bureau ( ,m>kets & ! ,(fice ( ,soil ,f]tility 9 ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 :i* h&le ! pecan1 incid5tal to ! o!r /udies4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,i w\ld l to ask ,dr4 ,waite a "q4 ,! association has sp5t a good deal ( "t 9 develop+ exact me?ods ( measur+ quantitatively ! v>i\s *>act]i/ics ( nuts :i* are consid]$ valuable1 & t /udy has giv5 u me?ods ( comp>+ notes f ye> to ye>1 comp>+ ! same nut1 & ,i h notic$ t x is q frequ5t t ! k9d ( nut t is good "o ye>1 w n be s good ! next ye>4 ,to take an example1 ! ,cl>k hickory1 :i* took ! prize "o ye>1 ! next ye> fell s f> d[n t x w\ld n take any prize4 ,b aft] a good deal ( tr\ble ,i f\nd t by c>eful exam9ation ,i c\ld pick out f ! nuts a few :i* te/$ up z !y did be=e4 ,x occurr$ to me t a condition ( t k9d w\ld be m likely to be due to diff]5ce 9 ! soil ?an 9 ! f]tility ( ! poll54 ,dr4 ,waite has _h m or less exp]i5ce 9 not+ ! effect ( ! poll51 & ,i w\ld l to ask if he ?\ght ?is ! cause ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! nuts4 ,,dr4 ,,waite3 ,i ?9k x might be ! cause = a little diff]5ce1 b we c\ld acc\nt = ! diff]5ce by entirely diff]5t ?+s4 ,by environm5t & o!r conditions4 ,take ! apples gr[n 9 ?is vic9ity2 ,i h obs]v$ t c]ta9 seasons fit c]ta9 v>ieties4 ,?is ye> x 0 favorable = ,b5 ,davis1 & yet we h _h a poor crop ( mo/ v>ieties2 ! conditions 7 bad = ! ,w9esap to set1 b yet ! fruit is good4 ,e ye> & e day is diff]5t2 & plants are subject$ to ^! complications1 & ! yield1 or ! result 9 fruit1 is a response to environm5t4 ,!y are s v susceptible to ^! ?+s4 ,i came "h ?is morn+ aft] pick+ "s cross poll5at$ pe>s on ! ,arl+ton ,f>m4 ,we h a lot ( crosses !re :]e we /udy ! hybrid se$l+s4 ,"s w be almo/ too poor1 9 c]ta9 ye>s1 to des]ve fur!r att5tion1 & good ano!r season4 ,9 o!r words1 ^! nuts probably d n v>y any m f ye> to ye> ?an _m ( our fruits & vegetables d1 & ! ma9 factor is probably response to environm5t1 namely1 temp]ature1 air humidity1 soil moi/ure & sun%9e4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,i might m5tion t we h _h a filb]t or*>d at ,ro*e/] = elev5 ye>s1 & !re has n be5 ! slighte/ indication ( blight !re yet4 ,,mr4 ,,re$3 ,i w\ld l to ask ,s5ator ,p5ny h[ ! ,roadside ,bill is tak5 9 ,mi*igan4 ,,s5ator ,,p5ny3 ,accord+ to ! ,mi*igan law1 ! p along ! roadside consid] t _! prop]ty is subject to ! "r ( transportation on ! highway2 j z a /ream is own$ by individuals 9 ,mi*igan1 subject to ! "r ( individuals to use x4 ,?is bill says1 ,give ! "r to plant trees on ! highway1 & ,i ?9k ! plant+ is done ) ! cons5t ( ! own]4 ,! agricultural college has a l&scape g>d5] connect$ ) ! l&scape dep>tm5t2 he w h *>ge ( plant+ along ! roadside1 & ,i ?9k x w be done 9 a sci5tific mann]2 b ,i believe x is necess>y to get ! cons5t ( ! own]s fir/4 ,,mr4 ,,bixby3 ,la/ ev5+ ,mr4 ,frankl9 ,weims1 ( ,wa%+ton1 0 ) me on ! /ate highway ( ,m>yl&1 com+ s\? f ,baltimore4 ,! highway is be+ con/ruct$ at ! rate ( ab\t eight miles a ye>1 & funds h be5 provid$4 ,mr4 ,weims feels t some?+ %\ld be done to see t ! new highway is prop]ly plant$ ) trees1 pref]ably nut-be>+ trees4 ,i 0 ?9k+ t ! association might1 by "s resolution1 br+ t matt] to ! att5tion ( prop] au?orities4 ,i w\ld l sugge/ions4 ,,mr4 ,,close3 ,x might n be out ( ord] to adopt a resolution & address x to ! ,gov]nor ( ! /ate1 ,gov]nor ,ri*ie2 & also to ! ,/ate ,=e/]1 ,dr4 ,besly1 sugge/+ t p]haps "s ( ! trees & se$l+s might be pres5t$ to ! /ate1 "s ( ! trees t ,pr(essor ,l9ton spoke ( ?is morn+4 ,trees ( t sort might c>ry "s weight4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,suppose we adopt a resolution & "n ,pr(essor ,close to take up ?is matt] ) ! prop] /ate au?orities1 speak+ p>ticul>ly ( our ability to furni% se$l+s f ! ,mt4 ,v]non trees4 ,,mr4 ,,close3 ,if x is ! wi% ( ! association1 ,i w\ld be glad to d t4 7,motion made1 second$ & adopt$74 ,,lett] ,,f ,f4 ,h4 ,,wiel&y1 ,,/4 ,,l\is ,g5tlem53 ,fir/ ( all ,i congratulate y mo/ he>tily on be+ memb]s ( an organization :i* means s mu* to ! public1 z consumption ( nuts is l>gely increas+ & ,i mu* fe> t ! pres5t day production is n 9 l9e ) ! dem&4 ,al?\gh only a nut culturi/ by proxy ,i h manife/$ a deep int]e/ 9 ?is = _m ye>s1 :i* is exemplifi$ by ! fact t on my diff]5t hunt+ trips1 9 :i* ,i h indulg$ = ov] ?irty-five ye>s1 9 ! pa/ tw5ty-five ye>s ,i h also made x a po9t 9 ! fall ( ! ye>1 to h ) me a l>ge pocket full ( su* nuts z ,i ?\ght w\ld m easily come up & b5efit "s "o 9 ! future4 ,i usually c>ri$ ) me black walnuts1 hickory nuts1 pecans & acorns1 & 9 my rambles ?r\gh ! woods & along ! highways1 ,i w\ld plant ^! :]e ,i ?\ght !re w\ld be less *ance ( _! be+ mole/$ if !y develop$4 ,9 go+ ov] ! same gr\nd quail %oot+1 la/ fall1 gr\nd t ,i _h cov]$ m or less = a good _m ye>s1 ,i began to see ! fruit ( my ef=ts1 & felt repaid _m fold = :at ,i _h accompli%$4 ,un=tunately we are a nation ( de/ruction1 r ?an ( con/ruction1 s f> z our timb] is conc]n$1 & ?is is m noticeable 9 fruit & nut trees ?an 9 o!r v>ieties2 al?\gh1 be+ int]e/$ *iefly 9 ^! ,i possibly am bias$4 ,:5 we /op to consid] t a c\ntry su* z ,norway began to replant & reclaim _! =e/s be=e ,columbus discov]$ ,am]ica1 x /rikes me t x %\ld be a lesson = ev]yone 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,consid] too1 if y please1 t be=e ! w> ,g]many paid h] entire road taxes f no?+ b ! production ( nut trees along ! public roads4 ,we also "k1 al?\gh a v small c\ntry 9 area1 t x produc$ en\gh timb] ea* ye> to satisfy ! ne$ = build+ & comm]cial purposes 9 ! =m ( pack+ cases1 casks1 etc4 ,& "h we are1 a c\ntry =ty times l>g] ?an ,g]many1 & =c$ to dep5d on c\ntries su* z ,canada & ,norway = wood pulp out ( :i* we manufacture a great _m grades ( pap]4 ,"s tw5ty ye>s ago ,i _h a political fri5d introduce a bill dur+ a meet+ ( ! /ate legislature1 :i* made x m&atory = ! road ov]se] to plant nut trees along ! "r ( way all ov] ! /ate2 b l _m m]itori\s bills1 x 0 pigeon-hol$ until ! next meet+ ( ! legislature4 ,x seem$ an impossibility to resurrect ?is & an exceptionally f9e =e/ry bill4 ,un=tunately ,i promis$ to preside at a meet+ ( cons]vationi/s & x is = t reason t ,i am unable to meet & be ) y\r honorable body1 = ,i w\ld l s mu* to be p]mitt$ 9 a humble capacity to assi/ 9 c>ry+ on ! "w :i* y g5tlem5 are do+1 z x is go+ to mean s mu* to future g5]ations4 ,i am sure t ea* ( y feels z ,i d 9 ?is matt] & t is t ,he :o s]ves o!rs1 be/ s]ves himself4 ,:5 ! matt] comes up = consid]ation ,i w\ld l v mu* to h y\r next conv5tion "h 9 ! ,middle ,we/1 ei!r 9 ,/4 ,l\is or ,alton1 ,ill41 :i* is only a few miles nor? ( ,/4 ,l\is & 9 ! vic9ity ( a spl5did nut-produc+ section1 p>ticul>ly ! pecan4 ,,! ,,*e/nut ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,no discussion ( ! nut indu/ry 9 ! ,nor? at ?is "t w\ld be complete )\t a brief review ( ! *e/nut situation4 ,! de/ruction wr\ght by blight 9 wip+ out practically all ( ! native *e/nut trees )9 its pa?1 ) almo/ equally fatal results to ! ,european species has = ! "t be+ all b elim9at$ ! *e/nut f ! consid]ation ( plant]s 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,! *e/nut b>k disease has co/ ! c\ntry untold millions ( doll>s1 & no wond] ! public pauses = a second ?\ght be=e inve/+ 9 ea/]n-gr[n *e/nut trees4 ,nev]!less1 x is n to be suppos$ t *e/nut gr[+ has disappe>$ f ?is c\ntry = all "t4 ,no plague has ev] be5 kn[n to wipe a race completely out ( exi/5ce1 & x is un?9kable t ! blight w d s ) ! g5us ,ca/anea4 ,! native range ( ! ,am]ican sweet *e/nut c5t]s l>gely 9 ! ,appala*ian region f ,portl&1 ,ma9e1 s\? to ,atlanta1 ,georgia4 ,! species becomes m sp>sely repres5t$ z ! di/ance increases 9 any direction f ?is c5tral area1 practically disappe>+ on ! we/2 9 ! region ( ! ,mississippi above ,memphis4 ,its nor!rn b\nd>y might r\ghly be describ$ z ext5d+ f l[] ,ill9ois ?r\gh nor!rn ,indiana1 s\?we/]n ,mi*igan1 s\!rn ,ont>io1 c5tral ,new ,york & middle ,new ,engl&4 ,z 0 to h be5 expect$1 ! blight has wr\ght its greate/ de/ruction 9 places ( d5se/ repres5tation ( ! *e/nut species4 ,x is 9 ! outly+ di/ricts ( scant frequ5cy t ! dang] ( infection f *e/nut trees f ! =e/ is lea/ to plant$ trees1 & likewise1 !re x is t combative measures %\ld be mo/ successful4 ,obvi\sly1 ! f>!r f ! c5t] ( ! native range trees c be plant$1 ! less is ! likelihood ( infection4 ,well outside ! native range ( ! *e/nut species1 !re are a numb] ( di/ricts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates )9 :i* x %\ld be possible to build up a new *e/nut-or*>d indu/ry4 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 !re are _m pr(itable trees & small or*>ds 9 ! mid-we/ & on ! ,pacific ,coa/1 p>ticul>ly 9 we/]n ,mi*igan1 nor!rn ,indiana1 s\?we/]n ,ill9ois1 9 ! ea/]n foot-hill region ( nor!rn ,cali=nia & 9 ! ,willamette ,valley ( ,oregon4 ,probably ! mo/ out/&+ in/ance ( successful *e/nut or*>d+ n[ exi/+ 9 ! entire c\ntry is a plant+ ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl1 ( ,godfrey1 ,ill9ois1 situat$ on ! bluff ( ! ,mississippi ,riv] eight miles we/ ( ,alton4 ,"h ,mr4 ,riehl has produc$ half a doz5 or m hybrid v>ieties :i* are pay+ v satisfactory divid5ds on f]tile hillside l& :i* is ma9ly too /eep = cultivation4 ,a numb] ( ^! v>ieties h be5 tak5 to nor!rn ,cali=nia :]e !y are prov+ highly successful4 ,9 ! ,willamette ,valley ( ,oregon1 two species are repres5t$ ) ab\t equal frequ5cy4 ,^! are ! native *e/nut f ! ea/]n /ates & t f ,japan4 ,nei!r has p]=m$ 9 su* a way z to be p>ticul>ly enc\rag+4 ,! =m] has n be5 productive & ! latt] has produc$ nuts ( quality s inf]ior z to prejudice ! plant]s aga9/ ! entire g5us4 ,x is a difficult matt]1 !re=e1 to induce prospective plant]s 9 t section to consid] any species ( *e/nut4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 x is well kn[n t ! native species does n come into be>+ until #ab or #ae ye>s ( age at be/1 & t to induce poll9ation & a set ( nuts1 x is necess>y to int]-plant a numb] ( v>ieties toge!r4 ,_h gr\ps ( v>ieties ( ,am]ican or ,european orig9 be5 plant$ on ! ,coa/1 in/ead ( s+le trees ( ! =m] or v>ieties f ,asia1 x is n improbable t ! pres5t attitude t[>d ! *e/nut 9 ! ,pacific ,nor?we/ w\ld h be5 q diff]5t4 ,! "w ( ! late ,dr4 ,van ,fleet1 9 hybridiz+ v>i\s *e/nut species & 9 te/+ out ,*9ese & ,japanese species ) a view to det]m9+ _! value z nut produc]s & _! resi/ance to ! b>k disease1 is famili> to mo/ memb]s ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association4 ,s9ce ! dea? ( ,dr4 ,van ,fleet1 ! "w has be5 tak5 ov] by o!r h&s 9 ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry2 b app>5tly1 all ( ! hybrids n[ gr[+ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 are de/9$ to succumb to blight4 ,at pres5t1 practically e tree ( ! ,*9ese *e/nut ,ca/anea molissima1 plant$ by ,dr4 ,van ,fleet at ,bell ,/ation1 ,m>yl&1 :]e 8 "w 0 ma9ly c5t]$1 likewise %[s l>ge blight cank]s4 ,b despite ! gravity ( ! infections1 x does n appe> :olly improbable t _m ( ^! trees c be pres]v$4 ,h[ev]1 ! wisdom ( cont9u+ propagation ( ! ,japanese species is v d\btful1 z ! quality ( nuts is usually ( l[ ord]4 ,*e/nut trees f ,*9a are g5]ally light produc]s2 b out ( ! total ( sev]al hundr$ at ,bell1 sev]al ?is ye> h borne good crops4 ,! flavor ( ! nuts is sometimes sweet1 b (t5]1 o!rwise2 yet ! av]age is sup]ior to t ( ! ,japanese *e/nuts produc$ 9 ! same or*>d4 ,=tunately1 x happ5s t ! nuts f "s ( ! trees ( ,*9ese species :i* h be5 mo/ prolific dur+ ! pa/ season1 h prov$ to be ( high quality1 comp>+ favorably 9 ?is respect ) ! native sweet *e/nut4 ,9 size1 ! ,*9ese *e/nuts av]age mu* above ^? ( ! ,am]ican species1 & :ile p]haps a %ade small] ?an ^? f ,europe1 !y are ( a size & quality :i* %\ld readily appeal to m>ket dem&s4 ,an e>ly plant+ ( ,*9ese *e/nut trees at ,lanca/]1 ,pa41 put out by ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,jones1 ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association1 prov$ s susceptible to blight t all 7 subsequ5tly de/roy$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 n infrequ5t reports are rea*+ ! ,f$]al ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ( in/ances 9 :i* ! species is %[n to be highly resi/ant1 ev5 :5 gr[n )9 blight-affect$ di/ricts4 ,secret>y ,dem+ is "o ( ^? f :om reports ( ?is k9d h be5 receiv$4 ,8 plant+1 consi/+ ( #ab trees put out 9 #aiae ne> ,georget[n1 ,conn41 has rec5tly borne "s nuts4 ,o!r cases1 "s report+ "o way & o!rs ! o!r1 might be cit$2 b let x suffice to say t ! *e/nut indu/ry1 al?\gh tempor>ily set back s]i\sly1 is n necess>ily doom$4 ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,committee ,,on ,,nom5clature ,c4 ,a4 ,re$1 ,*airman ,:ile no new names ( v>ieties appe> to ne$ consid]ation at ?is "t1 x may be well = ! ,association to refre% its memory reg>d+ a few ( ! out/&+ rules ( ! /&>d code ( nom5clature by :i* ! ,society is guid$ 9 ! recognition ( names4 ,9 common ) practically all o!r lead+ horticultural organizations ( ! c\ntry1 includ+ ! ,national ,pecan ,gr[]s' ,association ( ! ,s\?1 ! ,nor!rn ,nut ,gr[]s' ,association foll[s ! code ( nom5clature ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society4 ,"s ( ! provisions ( ?is code are sub/antially z foll[s3 #a4 ,a "n %all consi/1 pref]ably1 ( b "o ^w1 al?\gh "u specifi$ circum/ances1 two words may be p]mitt$4 #b4 ,9 select+ a "n1 ,! p>am\nt "r ( ! orig9ator1 discov]] or introduc] ( a new v>iety )9 ! limitations ( ?is code1 is recogniz$ & e/abli%$4 #c4 ,a "n %all be recogniz$ z fix$ & %all h ! "r ( priority ov] any o!rs subsequ5tly appli$1 aft] hav+ appe>$ 9 pr9t 9 su* a way z to be def9itely ti$ to a v>iety1 or e/abli%$4 ,^! ref]5ces call att5tion to ! fact t ! code does n def9e ! mean+ ( ! t]m v>iety1 & z x does n appe> t a cle> cut def9ition has appe>$ else:]e 9 rec5t lit]ature1 9 mod]n application1 x may be well to /ate h[ x is be+ int]pret$ by ?is committee4 ,9 horticultural practice a plant is n reg>d$ z acquir+ v>ietal /atus until x becomes di/9ctive among se$l+s1 because ( sup]iority ( product1 unusual hi/ory1 or o!r simil> reason4 ,few tree v>ieties are recogniz$ z su* until aft] hav+ be5 propagat$ by at lea/ "o asexual me?od1 su* z budd+1 graft+1 lay]+ or divid+4 ,! ,committee calls special att5tion to a rec5t report on nom5clature1 appe>+ 9 a b\nd volume ( #edf pages1 "u ! title ,/&>diz$ ,plant ,names4 ,?is report 0 prep>$ & publi%$ by ! ,am]ican ,jo9t ,committee on ,nom5clature1 :i* 0 duly appo9t$ by ! lead+ horticultural societies ( ! c\ntry4 ,x repres5ts ! late/ au?ority on matt]s ( horticultural nom5clature1 & is indors$ by ! lead+ horticultural au?orities ( ! pres5t "t4 ,( imm$iate int]e/ to ?is ,association is ! fact t ,hicoria replaces ,c>ya z be+ ! prop] g5]ic "n ( ! hickory gr\p4 ,,notes ,,f ,,an ,,exp]im5tal ,,nut ,,or*>d ,will>d ,g4 ,bixby1 ,baldw91 ,n4 ,y4 ,= sev]al ye>s ! association has be5 advocat+ ! plant+ ( exp]im5tal nut or*>ds1 & ev] s9ce ,i he>d ( ?is sugge/ion ,i h be5 desir\s ( hav+ "o & be+ able to contribute in=mation to our k ( nut gr[+4 ,!re=e s9ce #aiag ,i h be5 assembl+ at ,baldw9 mat]ial :i* ,i hop$ w\ld aid 9 ?is4 ,at ! ,ro*e/] meet+ "s ( ! results 7 not$1 & ?is ye>1 ,i tru/1 some?+ pres5t$ w prove ( int]e/4 ,,*e/nuts--,la/ ye> ,i express$ ! belief t by c>efully wat*+ *e/nut trees & cutt+ out ! blight z soon z x appe>$ x %\ld be possible to gr[ & fruit almo/ any v>iety 9 ! blight area4 ,?is ,i h done ) e v>iety t ,i h1 b t is ab\t all1 app>5tly1 t x is possible to d1 = ne>ly all ( my trees h be5 badly attack$ by ! blight at ! cr[n2 t is at ! junction ( ! root & trunk1 & to cut out ! blight means to cut d[n ! tree4 ,! mo/ resi/ant v>iety notic$ s f> is ! ,boone1 :i* has "s ,japanese *e/nut p>5tage1 b probably ! ,boone trees w n la/ ov] a ye> long]4 ,app>5tly x is go+ to be necess>y to get "s resi/ant /ock & d ! graft+ high en\gh to prev5t fatal attack ( ! blight at ! cr[n4 ,mr4 ,p4 ,w4 ,wang s5t "s ,*9ese *e/nuts 9 ! fall ( #aiba1 & ,i h n[ sev]al hundr$ se$l+s ( :at ,i suppose are ,ca/anea mollissima1 ( :i* ,i plan to gr[ a numb] to r l>ge size1 set !m out :]e ! next plant+ ( *e/nut trees is to /&1 & graft ! bran*es to f9e v>ieties4 ,x w take at lea/ two or ?ree ye>s1 h[ev]1 be=e ?is c be done4 ,,hazels--,= "s f\r ye>s ,i h be5 assembl+1 = hybridiz+ purposes1 select$ ,am]ican hazels f v>i\s sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z well z ! v>i\s ,european cultivat$ v>ieties t gave promise ( be+ h>dy4 ,?is ye> bo? blossom$ r freely1 b ! only v>iety ( :i* ,i _h en\gh poll5 to "w ) 0 ! ,italian ,r$4 ,! /am9ate fl[]s 7 pick$ f "s six or eight ,am]ican hazels :i* 7 bloom+ well & ! pi/illate fl[]s 7 poll9at$ ) ,italian ,r$ poll51 9 ! hope t "s hybrid nuts w\ld result4 ,al?\gh ! poll9ation 0 repeat$ twice ,i 0 mu* disappo9t$ to f9d only an occasional nut z a result4 ,x is to be said 9 ?is connection1 h[ev]1 t !re 7 practically no nuts on ^! ,am]ican hazels :i* _h n be5 poll9at$ ) /range poll52 s ! lack ( nuts c\ld n be laid to ! artificial treatm5t giv5 ! fl[]s ( ^? plants :]e x _h be5 plann$ to make hybrids4 ,app>5tly x 0 due to climatic conditions t nuts 7 almo/ lack+ on all hazels "h ?is ye>2 b ,i d n recall any sev]e cold spells :5 ! hazels 7 9 fl[]4 ,/ill1 on "o or two bran*es :i* ,i _h tagg$1 z be+ p>ticul>ly full ( pi/illate fl[]s1 !re 7 notic$ an almo/ equal numb] ( dead pi/illate fl[]s a little lat]4 ,x is seem+ly go+ to be well to c>efully /udy ! developm5t ( ! hazel fl[]s into nuts4 ,!y gr[ diff]5tly f ! walnuts & ! hickories4 ,! hazel fl[]s app>5tly1 aft] be+ f]tiliz$1 develop into /ems on :i* ! exi/5ce ( nuts escapes ! att5tion1 at lea/ ( ! casual obs]v]1 until ab\t ,augu/1 :ile ! nuts on ! walnuts & ! hickories ev5 ?\gh small at fir/1 are pla9ly visible f ! "t !y are =m$ by f]tiliz$ fl[]s until !y are matur$4 ,,hickories--,! be>+ age ( ! transplant$ hickory s f> has be5 almo/ an unkn[n quantity1 & :at we did "k has be5 su* t ! association has hesitat$ to say mu* ab\t plant+ hickories1 its recomm5dations on ! hickory be+ conf9$ to t ( topwork+ exi/+ hickories4 ,^! are kn[n to beg9 be>+ soon aft] topwork+1 records ( be>+ 9 two or ?ree ye>s n be+ unusual4 ,on transplant$ hickories1 h[ev]1 ab\t all ! in=mation ( :i* ,i "k is z foll[s3 ,! late ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,k]r1 ( ,d5ton1 ,md41 _m ye>s ago b\ght a numb] ( %agb>k hickories f a nurs]y1 set !m out & not$ t ! "t t elaps$ be=e !y bore 0 ab\t #be ye>s4 ,mr4 ,ru%'s ,weik] tree1 :i* bore 9 #aa ye>s aft] be+ set out1 cut d[n ?is "t mat]ially4 ,a ,k5tucky hickory on my place set out 9 ! fall ( #aiag1 fl[]$ ?is ye>1 b ,i _h no poll5 ) :i* to f]tilize ! blossoms1 & ! nutlets dropp$ (f4 ,a "y %agb>k se$l+ set 9 its pres5t location 9 ! fall ( #aiai & graft$ to ,b>nes ?is spr+1 also set a nut1 b ?is dropp$ (f l ^? on ! ,k5tucky & app>5tly = ! same reason4 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly seem z if "u favorable conditions1 ! transplant$ hickory is n go+ to be any:]e ne> z sl[ z fe>$ 9 com+ into be>+4 ,,walnuts--,a ,royal & a ,p>adox walnut ea* suppos$ to be graft$ trees ) scions f ,burbank's orig9al trees1 bloom$ ?is ye>1 & ! ,royal has a numb] ( nuts on x4 ,! ,p>adox has be5 "h a v mu* %ort] "t1 n ov] two or ?ree ye>s2 s p]haps x is too soon to be expect+ nuts4 ,! ,p>adox is said to be a v %y be>]1 sett+ nuts only occasionally1 & !n b few2 /ill1 "o ( my ,p>adox trees :i* is n ov] ?ree feet high1 blossom$ full4 ,x w\ld seem z if x might pay to /udy ?is tree & see if ! /]ility or fanci$ /]ility ( ?is tree c\ld n be ov]come by see+ t prop] poll5 is at h& at ! "r "t4 ,a ,cord+ walnut1 a hybrid betwe5 ! ,engli% walnut & ! ,japan walnut n q #c feet high1 is be>+ a nut ?is ye>4 ,graft+--,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+ to be relat$ is ! result ( attempts to det]m9e ! species ( hickories be/ suit$ z /ock = ! f9e v>ieties ( hickories t we h4 ,9 prep>ation = ?is & ?r\gh ! k9dness ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,hicks ( ,we/bury1 ,l4 ,i41 ov] #ajj ea* ( hickory trees ( sev]al species 7 obta9$ & set out 9 ! fall ( #aiai4 ,!y 7 9 f9e condition = graft+ ?is spr+4 ,!re are "s fifte5 species ( hickories native 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! f9e v>ieties ( hickories t we h :i* are g5]ally suppos$ to be l>gely %agb>ks may prove to be mu* bett] adapt$ = graft+ on "s /ocks ?an on o!rs4 ,a k ( ?is w prove to be ( great value 9 top work+4 ,! graft+ 0 done by ,dr4 ,dem+1 on ,may #bi1 #cj1ca & ,june #a ( ?is ye>1 #ca grafts be+ set on %agb>k /ock1 #eb on mock]nut1 #ec on pignut1 #dg on pecan & #ia on bitt]nut1 a total ( #bgd4 ,!re 7 also #cdc walnut grafts set on walnuts ( f\r species4 ,! results ( ?is "w are summ>iz$ 9 ! tables foll[+3 ,,hickories1 ,,scions ,,f ,,"y ,,trees ,/ocks1 ,numb] ( ,grafts & ,p] ,c5t ( ,cat*es ,bitt]nut ,mock]nut#a ,pecan ,pignut ,%agb>k ,total ,v>iety ,no4 ,no4 ,no4 ,no4 ,no4 ,no4 ,b>nes1 scions ,dr4 ,dem+'s trees #c #ajj4j #c #ajj4j #c #ajj4j #c #ajj4j #f #ajj4j #ah #ajj4j ,gobble1 scions ,dr4 ,dem+'s trees #a #ajj4j #a #ajj4j #a #ajj4j #a #ajj4j #a #j4j #e #hj4j ,griff91 scions ,dr4 ,dem+'s trees #a #ajj4j #a #j4j #a #j4j #a #ajj4j #a #ajj4j #e #fj4j ,hales1 scions ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby's trees #e #ajj4j #e #fj4j #e #hj4j #d #be4j #ai #fh4d ,kirtl&1 scions ,dr4 ,dem+'s trees #c #ff4g #c #cc4c #c #ff4g #c #ff4g #ab #eh4c ,laney1 scions ,dr4 ,dem+'s trees #f #ff4g #f #ff4g ,long ,bea*1 scions ,p>5t ,tree #c #cc4c #c #ff4g #d #ej4j #d #be4j #c #ajj4j #ag #ec4j ,si]s1 scions ,dr4 ,dem+'s trees #e #ajj4j #e #ajj4j ,/anley1 scions ,dr4 ,dem+'s trees #c #ff4g #c #ff4g #c #ff4g #i #ff4g ,taylor1 scions ,dr4 ,dem+'s trees #d #ge4j #e #fj4j #e #hj4j #c #ajj4j #ag #hf4e ,total #cd #hj4h #bd #fj4h #bb #fh4a #bb #gb4i #aa #ge4j #aac #gd4j ,footnote #a3 ,! mock]nuts 7 l>g] ?an any o!r hickories graft$ except+ "s bitt]nuts ref]r$ to 9 ! next footnote4 ,!y 7 graft$ mo/ly on bran*es4 ,,hickories1 ,,scions ,,f ,,old ,,trees ,/ocks1 ,numb] ( ,grafts & ,p] ,c5t ( ,cat*es ,bitt]nut ,mock]nut#b ,pecan ,pignut ,%agb>k ,total ,v>iety ,no4 ,no4 ,no4 ,no4 ,no4 ,no4 ,brooks1 scions f p>5t tree1 poor condition #e #dj4j #e #j4j #e #bj4j #e #dj4j #bj #bj4j ,cl>k1 scions f p>5t tree1 poor condition #e #dj4j #e #j4j #e #bj4j #e #dj4j #e #bj4j #be #bj4j #c;,fairbanks1 scions f p>5t tree 7871 dry b o!rwise good #bg #eg4h #bg #eg4h ,k5tucky1 f p>5t tree1 poor condition #e #bj4j #c #cc4c #e #hj4j #e #hj4j #e #hj4j #bc #fj4h ,manahan1 scions f p>5t tree1 poor condition #e #bj4j #e #j4j #e #bj4j #f #cc4c #e #bj4j #bf #bd4f ,ve/1 scions f p>5t tree1 poor condition #e #bj4j #e #j4j #e #dj4j #e #fj4j #e #bj4j #be #bj4h ,weik]1 scions f p>5t tree #e #bj4j #e #j4j #e #fj4j #ae #bf4h -- ---- -- --- -- ---- -- ---- -- ---- --- ---- ,total #eg #de4j #bh #e4e #be #cf4j #ca #de4f #bj #ce4j #afa #cb4i ,footnote #b3 ,! mock]nuts 7 l>g] ?an any o!r hickories graft$ except+ "s bitt]nuts ref]r$ to 9 ! next footnote4 ,!y 7 graft$ mo/ly on bran*es4 ,footnote #c3 ,( ^! scions #e 7 set 9 bran*es on two trees #a-a_/d or s 9 diamet] & %[$ #ajj cat*es2 balance 7 set 9 ! top on small trees #a_/b diamet] or less1 & %[$ #ed4e cat*es4 ,,black ,,walnuts1 ,,japan ,,walnuts1 ,,p]sian ,,walnuts ,,butt]nuts ,/ocks1 ,numb] ( ,grafts & ,p] ,c5t ( ,cat*es ,black ,walnut ,butt]nut ,japan ,walnut ,p]sian ,walnut ,v>iety ,no4 ,no4 ,no4 ,no4 ,adams ,black ,walnut1 scions p>5t tree #ac #ae4d ,alley ,black ,walnut1 scions p>5t tree #i #j4j ,o',connor ,hybrid ,walnut1 ,p]sian ,walnut & ,black ,walnut 787 scions p>5t tree #i #bb4b --- ---- #ca #ab4i ,ohio ,black ,walnut1 scions ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby's trees #ag #fd4g ,mc,coy ,black ,walnut1 scions ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby's trees #i #gg4j ,/abl] ,black ,walnut1 scions "s ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby's trees1 & "s ,dr4 ,dem+'s trees #he #ea4b #d,t5 ,eyck ,black ,walnut1 scions ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby's trees #cb #ig4j ,?omas ,black ,walnut1 scions ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby's trees #bc #ajj4j ,wasson ,black ,walnut1 scions ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby's trees #h #ge4j --- ---- #agd #fi4e ,p]sian ,walnuts #d v>ieties1 scions ab\t #b-c f p>5t trees1 all ( :i* 7 q vigor\s gr[]s #df #j4j ,aik5 ,butt]nut1 scions ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby's trees #ci #ch4e ,lanca/] ,he>tnut1 scions ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby's trees #ec #c4h ,footnote #d3 ,"o scion 0 ov]look$ 9 ty+ & wax+1 o!rwise app>5tly we w\ld h _h #ajj cat*es4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! above two gr\ps ( hickories ! "o :]e scions 7 cut f "y1 rapidly gr[+ trees1 contra/s unmi/akably ) ^? :]e scions 7 cut f old be>+ trees4 ,! same is %[n 9 ! table ( black walnut grafts1 :]e ! ,alley1 ,adams1 & ,o',connor scions 7 cut f old be>+ trees1 & ! o!rs f "y1 rapidly gr[+ trees4 ,! poor success ) ! he>tnuts is q 9 l9e ) previ\s attempts at propagat+ ?is species by graft+4 ,results %[n "h ) ! butt]nut are deem$ reasonably satisfactory1 9 view ( ! well kn[n difficulty ( graft+ ?is species4 ,x %\ld be not$ "h t1 9 ! case ( e graft t took & grew1 x 0 ! small buds t 7 successful1 n ! l>ge ones4 ,! total lack ( success ) ! ,p]sian walnut is inexplicable to ! writ]1 b he kn[s ( no previ\s attempts to graft ,p]sian walnut on ,p]sian walnut root4 ,black walnuts %[ a v high p]c5tage ( cat*es1 9 ! case ( ! ,?omas & ,t5 ,eyck v>ieties #ajj1 b 9 ! case ( ! ,/abl] ?is is r$uc$ to #ea4b4 ,i w\ld say 9 ?is connection t nei!r ( my two ,/abl] trees are vigor\s gr[]s1 & s ! trees graft$ ) scions f ^! are really cases :]e we h n be5 us+ scions f vigor\s gr[+ trees1 & we "k t ?is does n give a high p]c5tage ( cat*es4 ,! prop] species to be us$ z a /ock = ! v>i\s v>ieties ( hickories has n be5 %[n conclusively = ! numb] ( grafts ( ea* k9d set 0 too few to be conclusive1 & ^! exp]im5ts %\ld be repeat$4 ,9 ! case ( mo/ ( ^! v>ieties :]e results are poor1 x 0 p>ticul>ly not$ :5 ! grafts 7 set t ! scions 7 9 poor condition1 a numb] ( scions be+ ?r[n away because ! cambium lay] 0 dead4 ,x is to be hop$ t a species w be f\nd to :i* w be well adapt$ ! ,ve/ hickory1 :i* ! writ] reg>ds1 ev]y?+ consid]$1 z ! be/ hickory t we h4 ,seem+ly ! pecan is ! /ock t gets ! greate/ numb] ( cat*es2 b ! difficulty ! writ] has _h 9 mak+ ,ve/ hickories on pecan root live1 leads him to "q z to :e!r ano!r /ock might n prove bett]4 ,ano!r ?+ disappo9t+ s f> is 9 ! seem+ poorness ( ! mock]nut z a /ock4 ,ov] q a l>ge section ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! mock]nut is ! prevail+ hickory1 & 9 t section ! mock]nut w be mo/ g5]ally available = top work+2 moreov] x w gr[ well 9 s&y soils :]e ! %agb>k is n f\nd4 ,9 ,pet]sburg1 ,va41 ! writ] has se5 x seem+ly outgr[ ! black walnut4 ,! adaptability ( ! ,b>nes hickory on all /ocks is notable1 = x is ! only "o ( ! #aj f9e hickories te/$ 9 ! #aiai conte/1 ( :i* ?is is true4 ,if ^! grafts cont9ue to fl\ri%1 & especially if future exp]im5ts *eck ! results ?is ye>1 ! ,b>nes w h a peculi> value = top work+4 ,x is "o ( our be/ hickories1 &1 app>5tly is our sure/ v>iety = top work+4 ,,mr4 ,,close3 ,i w\ld sugge/ t we ext5d our ?anks to ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute = ! use ( ?is room = ! meet+4 ,,! ,,presid5t3 ,w y vote = t8 7,motion vot$ ^u favorably74 ,i believe !n1 t br+s to a close ! ,f\rte5? ,annual ,conv5tion1 to meet 9 ,new ,york = ! ,fifte5? ,conv5tion 9 #aibd1 on ,septemb] #c1d & #e4 ,?is meet+ is n[ adj\rn$4 ,"t--#b3cj p4 m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,notes ( ?is conv5tion by ,mrs4 ,b4 ,w4 ,gahn1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agr41 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,app5dix ,among ^? pres5t 7 ! foll[+3 ,s5ator ,p5ney--,sag9aw1 ,mi*igan4 ,b4 ,k4 ,ogd5--#ccjf #ai? ,/41 ,n4 ,w41 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,w4 ,g4 ,slappey--#ab ,boyd ,av5ue1 ,takoma ,p>k1 ,d4 ,c4 ,s4 von ,ammon--,bureau ( ,/&>ds1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,a4 ,m4 ,gre5e--,ridge ,road1 ,n4 ,w41 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,alfr$ ,he9e--,b[ie1 ,md4 ,h4 ,h>old ,hume--,gl5 ,/4 ,m>y1 ,fla4 ,r4 ,h4 ,h>t%orn1--,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,wm4 ,s4 ,l9ton--,sag9aw1 ,mi*4 ,w4 ,e4 ,saf=d--,botani/1 ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,dr4 ,m4 ,b4 ,waite--,f$]al ,insecticide & ,fungicide ,bo>d1 ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,dr4 ,oswald ,s*re9]--,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,k>l ,wallace ,gre5e--,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c ,c4 ,a4 ,re$--,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,a4 ,re$--,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,c4 ,p4 ,close--,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,p4 ,close--,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,w4 ,r4 ,mattoon--,=e/ ,s]vice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,?omas ,p4 ,littlepage--,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,john ,m4 ,littlepage--,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,eunice ,m4 ,ob5s*a9--,hotel ,monm\?1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,j4 ,m4 ,ri*>dson--,/ormville1 ,n4 ,y4 ,rob]t ,t4 ,morris--#aad ,e4 #ed? ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,dr4 ,llewellyn ,jordan--#ajj ,baltimore ,ave41 ,takoma ,p>k1 ,md4 ,alfr$ ,v4 ,wall--#bcje ,w4 ,lanvale ,/41 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,jacob ,e4 ,br[n---,elm]1 ,n4 ,j4 ,alb]t ,r4 ,williams--,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,mrs4 ,b4 ,w4 ,gahn--,dept4 ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,james ,s4 ,mc,glennon--,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,ralph ,t4 ,olcott--,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,z5as ,h4 ,ellis--,fair ,hav51 ,vt4 ,g4 ,a4 ,zimm]man1 ,m4 ,d4--,piket[n1 ,pa4 ,g4 ,f4 ,gravatt--,=e/ ,pa?ology1 ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,will>d ,b4 ,bixby--,baldw91 ,n4 ,y4 ,john ,w4 ,h]%ey--,banks1 ,pa4 ,p4 ,h4 ,o',connor--,b[ie1 ,md4 ,john ,e4 ,c>moday--,*>lottesville1 ,va4 ,mrs4 ,john ,c>moday--,*>lottesville1 ,va4 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,n4 ,hutt--,! ,progressive ,f>m]1 ,s\!rn ,p9es1 ,n4 ,c4 ,ammon ,p4 ,fritz--#ee ,e4 ,frankl9 ,/41 ,ephrata1 ,pa4 ,w4 ,a4 ,orton--,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,j4 ,c4 ,corbett--,dept4 ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,w4 ,g4 ,poll>et--,! ,/>1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,pr(4 ,lumsd5--,f$]al ,horticultural ,bo>d1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,exhibits ,,li/$ ,crops ( #aibc ,exhibit ( ,robt4 ,t4 ,morris #a4 ,hybrid *9kap9 7burrs & nuts74 #b4 ,graft ( pe> tree 7p>aff9 me?od74 ,exhibit ( ,c4 ,a4 ,re$ ,ru% ,am]ican ,hazel4 ,exhibit ( ,c4 ,p4 ,close #a4 ,se$l+ filb]t4 #b4 ,van ,fleet hybrid *9kap94 #c4 ,glady walnut4 ,exhibit ( ,j4 ,f4 ,jones ,p]sian ,walnuts4 #a4 ,wiltz ,mayette4 #b4 ,meylan4 #c4 ,lanca/]4 #d4 ,lanca/] 7,same74 #e4 ,eureka4 #f4 ,hall4 ,pecans4 #a4 ,posey4 #b4 ,buss]on4 #c4 ,niblack4 ,hazels4 #a4 ,ru% 7,?ree exhibits74 ,cobnut4 #a4 7,no "n74 ,filb]ts4 #a4 ,fi*t5d]s*e4 #b4 ,daviana4 #c4 ,blum5b]g]4 #d4 ,italian r$4 #e4 ,lamb]t nut4 #f4 ,friehe ,longe4 #g4 ,gunzeleb5n]4 #h4 ,:ite ,avel9e4 #i4 ,grosse ,ronde4 #aj4 ,b>cellona4 #aa4 ,spanik ,gr4 #ab4 ,prolific4 #ac4 ,noce ,lunghe4 #ad4 ,du ,*illy4 #ae4 ,grant de ,halle4 #af4 ,buttn]s4 ,exhibit ( ,w4 ,g4 ,bixby #a4 ,lanca/] ,he>tnuts4 #b4 ,royal ,walnuts4 #c4 ,hall ,p]sian ,walnuts4 #d4 ,ru% ,p]sian ,walnuts4 ,exhibit ( ,t4 ,p4 ,littlepage 7,gr[n on 8 f>m74 #a4 ,*9kap9s4 #b4 ,o',connor walnuts4 #c4 ,mixture ( v>ieties ( ,european filb]ts4 #d4 ,clu/] ( pecans 7,indiana74 #e4 ,littlepage hazels 7:i* ,mr4 ,littlepage call$ ,am]ican74 #f4 ,spani% *e/nut4