,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,?is text uses utf-#h 7unicode7 file encod+4 ,if ! apo/rophes & quotation m>ks 9 ?is p>agraph appe> z g>bage1 make sure y\r text read]'s 8"* set0 or 8file encod+0 is set to ,unicode 7,,utf-#h74 ,y may also ne$ to *ange ! default font4 ,z a la/ resort1 use ! lat9-#a v]sion ( ! file in/ead4 ,:]e possible1 text conta9$ )9 illu/rations ( pr9t]s' m>ks has be5 transcrib$4 ,! text is %[n on sep>ate l9es1 correspond+ to ! orig9al lay\t2 captions--usually ! pr9t]'s "n--w appe> on ! same l9e z ! ^w 8,illu/ration04 ,note t ! spell+ giv5 9 ! body text is (t5 diff]5t f t ( ! ,m>k z pictur$4 ,)9 illu/rations1 exp&$ abbreviations are %[n 9 brackets4 ,typographical errors are li/$ at ! end ( ! e-text4 ,capitalization ( ! ^w 8m>k0 or 8,m>k0 is arbitr>y 9 ! orig9al & has n be5 *ang$4 ,misspell+s or mispr9ts )9 ,m>ks are also nev] *ang$1 b ! mo/ obvi\s errors are not$4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pr9t]s' ,,m>ks4 ,illu/ration3 ,cum ,priuilegio ,v5etiis ,impressum ,anno ,m ,d ,v ,petrus ,lie*t5/eyn ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks ,a ,*apt] 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,typography by ,w4 ,rob]ts ,editor ( 8,! ,bookworm0 ,illu/ration3 ,,george ,,bell ,,sons ,london3 ,george ,bell ,sons1 ,york ,/reet1 ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,new ,york4 ,mdcccxciij4 ,*iswick ,press3 ,c4 ,:itt+ham ,& ,co41 ,tooks ,c\rt1 ,*anc]y ,lane4 ,to ,t4 ,b4 ,,boli?o1 ,,esq41 ,m4,p41 ,?is ,volume ,is ,respectfully ,d$icat$4 ,decoration ,,preface4 ,!re are few phases ( typography op5 to ! *>ge ( be+ neglect$4 ,an unque/ionable exception occurs1 h[ev]1 9 relation to ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks4 ,?is subject is 9 _m respects "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ 9 connection ) ! e>ly pr9t]s1 :o1 us+ devices at fir/ purely z trade m>ks = ! protection ( _! books aga9/ ! pirate1 soon began to disc]n _! ornam5tal value1 &1 consequ5tly1 employ$ ! be/ available arti/s to design !m4 ,_m ( ^! examples are ( ! greate/ bibliographical & g5]al int]e/1 z well z ( consid]able value 9 supplem5t+ an important class ( illu/rations to ! pr9t$ books1 & %[+ ! orig9 ( sev]al typical classes ( ,book-plates 7,ex-,libris74 ,! pres5t ,h&book has be5 writt5 ) a view to supply+ a readable b accurate acc\nt ( ?is neglect$ *apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( art & bibliography2 & x appeals ) equal =ce to ! arti/ or collector4 ,only "o book on ! subject1 ,b]jeau's 8,e>ly ,dut*1 ,g]man1 & ,engli% ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks10 has appe>$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ?is1 besides be+ out ( pr9t & exp5sive1 is de/itute ( descriptive lett]press4 ,! pr9ciple :i* det]m9$ ! selection ( ! illu/rations is ( a ?reefold "*3 fir/1 ! importance ( ! pr9t]2 secondly1 ! arti/ic value or int]e/ ( ! ,m>k itself2 & ?irdly1 ! geographical importance ( ! city or t[n 9 :i* ! ,m>k fir/ appe>$4 ,s9ce ! text ( ?is book 0 pr9t$1 h[ev]1 two additions h be5 made to ! lit]ature ( its subject3 ,dr4 ,paul ,kri/ell]'s 8,die ,itali5is*5 ,bu*druck]- und ,v]leg]zei*51 bis #aebe10 a v h&some "w1 wor?y to rank ) ! 8,elsssis*e ,b*]m>k5 bis ,anfang des #ah4 ,jahrhund]ts0 ( ,h]r ,paul ,heitz & ,dr4 ,k>l ,a4 ,b>ack 7to :om ,i am indebt$ = mu* valuable in=mation z well z = ne>ly ?irty illu/rations 9 ! *apt] on ,g]man ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks72 & ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,poll>d's 8,e>ly ,illu/rat$ ,books10 an admirable volume :i*1 h[ev]1 only deals incid5tally ) ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k z a side issue 9 ! hi/ory ( ! decoration & illu/ration ( books 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies4 ,mr4 ,poll>d reproduces sev5 blocks f ,dr4 ,kri/ell]'s monograph on ! ,devices ( ! ,italian ,pr9t]s4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! /atem5t on p4 #aaf ( ?is volume t ! ,m>k ( ,bade 8is ! e>lie/ picture ( a pr9t+ press10 ,mr4 ,poll>d ref]s to an unique copy ( an edition ( ! 8,danse ,macabre0 pr9t$ anonym\sly at ,lyons 9 ,febru>y1 #adii1 eight ye>s e>li]1 :i* conta9s cuts ( ! %ops ( a pr9t] & a booksell]4 ,t ?is volume has consid]ably exce$$ its int5d$ limit mu/ be my excuse = n includ+1 ) a v few exceptions1 any mod]n examples f ! ,cont95t4 ,ne>ly e ,fr5* pr9t] & publi%] ( any note indulges 9 ! luxury ( a ,m>k ( "s sort1 & an int]e/+ volume might be writt5 conc]n+ mod]n cont95tal examples4 ,! practice ( us+ a ,pr9t]'s ,m>k is an extremely comm5dable "o1 n m]ely z a relic ( antiquity1 b f an /hetic po9t ( view4 ,ne>ly e tradesman ( importance 9 ?is c\ntry has "s sort ( trade m>k2 b mo/ pr9t]s agree 9 reg>d+ x z a :olly unnecess>y sup]fluity4 ,z ! few exceptions indicat$ 9 ! la/ *apt] prove t ! fa%ion has an arti/ic z well z a utilit>ian side1 ,i hope t x w aga9 become m g5]al z "t goes on4 ,z reg>ds my au?orities3 ,i h freely avail$ myself ( ne>ly all ! works nam$ 9 ! 8,bibliography0 at ! end1 besides su* invaluable works z ,brunet's 8,manual10 ,mr4 ,qu>it*'s ,catalogues1 & ! monographs on ! v>i\s pr9t]s1 ,plant91 ,elzevir1 ,aldus1 & ! re/4 ,f ,messrs4 ,dickson & ,edmonds' 8,annals ( ,scotti% ,pr9t+0 ,i h obta9$ n only "s useful in=mation reg>d+ ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k 9 ,scotl&1 b1 ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,messrs4 ,macmillan & ,b[es ( ,cambridge1 ! loan ( sev]al blocks f ! =ego+ "w1 z well z t ( ,john ,sib]*1 ! fir/ ,cambridge pr9t]4 ,i h also to ?ank ,m4 ,m>t9us ,nijh(f1 ( ! ,hague1 ,h]r ,k>l ,w4 ,hi]semann1 ( ,leipzig1 ,h]r ,j4 ,h4 ,ed4 ,heitz1 ,/rassburg1 ,mr4 ,elliot ,/ock1 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,hilton1 ,editor ( ! 8,briti% ,pr9t]10 & ! ,editor ( ! 8,am]ican ,bookmak]10 = ! loan ei!r ( blocks or ( orig9al examples ( ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks2 & ,mr4 ,c4 ,t4 ,jacobi = sev]al useful works on typography4 ,mr4 ,g4 ,p4 ,john/on1 ( ,ed9burgh1 k9dly l5t me ! r$uc$ facsimile on p4 #beb1 :i* arriv$ too late to be includ$ 9 its prop] place4 ,! publi%]s ^: ,m>ks are includ$ 9 ! *apt] on 8,mod]n ,examples0 are also ?ank$ = ! c\rtesy & read9ess ) :i* !y plac$ electros at my disposal4 ,! orig9al idea ( ?is book is due to my fri5d1 ,mr4 ,gleeson ,:ite1 ! g5]al editor ( ! s]ies 9 :i* x appe>s2 b my ?anks are especially due to ,mr4 ,g4 ,r4 ,d5nis = ! great c>e ) :i* he has gone ?r\gh ! :ole "w4 ,w4 ,r4 #hf1 ,grosv5or ,road1 ,s4,w41 ,octob]1 #ahic4 ,decoration ,decoration ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,,preface vii ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations xiii ,,introduction #a ,,"s ,,g5]al ,,aspects ,,( ,,! ,,pr9t]',s ,,m>k #dj ,,! ,,pr9t]',s ,,m>k ,,9 ,,engl& #eb ,,"s ,,fr5* ,,pr9t]s' ,,m>ks #ajj ,,pr9t]s' ,,m>ks ,,( ,,g]many ,,& ,,switz]l& #aci ,,"s ,,dut* ,,& ,,flemi% ,,pr9t]s' ,,m>ks #agh ,,pr9t]s' ,,m>ks ,,9 ,,italy ,,& ,,spa9 #bji ,,"s ,,mod]n ,,examples #bcc ,,bibliography #bec ,,index #bee ,decoration ,decoration ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,page ,lie*t5/e91 ,petrus4 ,frontispiece ,bell1 ,george1 & ,sons4 ,title-page ,&lau1 ,g4 ,u4 ,von #a ,c\teau1 ,gillet #d ,du ,pr1 ,galliot #e ,lecoq1 ,jehan #g ,petit & ,k]v] #i ,du ,puys1 ,jacques #aa ,pavi]1 ,t4 #ab ,janot1 ,d5ys #ae ,faques1 ,william #af ,/eels1 ,j4 #ai ,vr>d1 ,anto9e #ba ,plate ( ?irty ,m>ks us$ *iefly by ! ,italian ,pr9t]s #be ,*audire1 ,guillaume #bh ,r(fet1 ,jacques #cj ,t\rnes1 ,jean de #ca ,breuille1 ,ma?ur9 #cc ,snella]t1 ,c4 #ce ,ra/ell1 ,john #cg ,leeu1 ,g]>d #ci1 #ahe ,fu/ & ,s*oeff] #dj ,frob51 ,j4 #dc ,crat&]'s ,m>k 7attribut$ to ,holbe97 #de ,cox1 ,t4 #df ,dulsseck]1 ,johann ,re9hold #dg1 #aec1 #aed ,beck1 ,re9h>d #ej1 #adc1 #add ,goltz1 ,hub]t #ea ,lynne1 ,walt] #eb ,caxton1 ,william #ee ,/4 ,albans ,pr9t]1 ,! #ef ,de ,worde1 ,wynkyn #eh ,pynson1 ,r4 #ei1 #fj ,not>y1 ,julian #fa ,fawkes1 ,r4 #fc ,trev]is1 ,pet] #fd ,scott1 ,john #fe ,copl&1 ,rob]t #ff1 #fh ,wy]1 ,rob]t #fi ,he/]1 ,&rew #gj ,b]!let1 ,?omas #ga ,byddell1 ,john #gb ,vautrolli]1 ,?omas #gd ,grafton1 ,ri*>d #ge ,middleton1 ,william #gf ,wolfe1 ,john #gh ,day1 ,john #gi ,arbu?not1 ,a4 #ha ,s+leton1 ,hugh #hc ,wight1 ,john #hd ,hall1 ,r[l& #he ,bynneman1 ,h5ry #hf ,woodcock1 ,?omas #hg ,jagg>d1 ,william #hh ,k+/on1 ,felix #hi ,cre$e1 ,?omas #ij ,wal?oe1 ,john #ia ,w>e1 ,r4 #ib ,scol>1 ,john #ic ,sib]*1 ,john #ie ,myll>1 ,&ro #if ,*epman1 ,walt] #ig ,davidson1 ,?omas #ih ,*>t]is1 ,h4 #ii ,e/i5ne1 ,f4 #ajj ,rembolt1 ,b4 #ajb ,vo/re1 ,simon #ajc ,regnault1 ,franois #ajd ,regnault1 ,pi]re #aje ,m>*ant1 ,guy #ajf ,de ,m>nef #ajg ,du ,pr1 ,j4 #ajh ,le ,r\ge1 ,pi]re #aji ,le ,noir1 ,philippe #aaj ,k]v]1 ,?ielman #aaa ,pig\*et1 ,philippe #aac ,petit1 ,jehan #aad ,bade1 ,j4 #aae ,h>d\yn1 ,gillet #aaf ,tory1 ,ge(frey #aag ,de ,col9es1 ,simon #aai ,e/i5ne1 ,rob]t #abj1 #aba ,vid\e1 ,p4 #abd ,cyaneus1 ,l\is #abe ,w*el1 ,&r #abf ,w*el1 ,*re/i5 #abg ,nivelle1 ,sba/i5 #abh ,m]l91 ,desboys & ,nivelle #acj ,topie1 ,m4 #aca ,tres*el1 ,j4 #acb ,dolet1 ,e4 #acc ,hughes de la ,porte & ,a4 ,v9c5t #acd ,gryphe1 ,sba/i5 #ace ,colomies1 ,jacques #acf ,mor91 ,m4 #acg ,le ,*&eli]1 ,pi]re #ach ,?ann]1 ,jacobi #aci ,grn+]1 ,johann #adj ,s*ott1 ,m>t9 #ada ,knobl\*1 ,johann #adb ,kpfel1 ,wolfgang #ade1 #adf ,mll]1 ,craft 7,crato ,mylius7 #adg1 #adi ,bi5]1 ,mat?ias 7,api>ius7 #adh ,rihel1 ,!odosius2 ,rihel1 ,josias 7und ,d]5 ,erb57 #aej ,zetzn]1 ,laz>us #aea ,b]g]1 ,?iebold #aea ,s*]1 ,conrad #aeb ,hau?1 ,david #aeb ,an%elm1 ,?omas #aee ,kobian1 ,val5t9 #aef ,ho]n51 ,a4 ,!r #aeg ,bumg>t1 ,h]man #aeh ,koelh(f1 ,johann #afj ,cs>1 ,ni*olas #afa ,sot]1 ,j4 #afb ,birckmann1 ,arnold #afc ,ogl91 ,erh>d #afd ,p=tzheim1 ,jacobus de #afe ,h5ricpetri #aff ,endt]'s1 ,wilhelm ,moritz1 ,daught] #afg ,weiss5burg]1 ,j4 #afh ,lott]1 ,mel*ior #afi ,s*umann1 ,v4 #agj ,baumg>t51 ,conrad #aga ,feyrab5d1 ,j4 #agb ,gu]b91 ,l4 #agb ,/adelb]g]1 ,jacob #agc ,gir>d1 ,jehan #agd ,riv]y1 ,j4 #agd ,fros*ov]1 ,c4 #age ,bryl+]1 ,n4 #agf ,le ,preux1 ,f4 #agg ,veld5]1 ,j4 #agh ,johann ( ,we/phalia #agi ,m>t5s1 ,!odoric #ahj ,mansion1 ,col>d #aha ,! ,bro!rs ( ,common ,life #ahb ,paffraej1 ,alb]tus #ahc ,van d] ,me]1 ,jacob ,jacobzoon #ahf ,van d] ,goes1 ,ma?ias #ahg ,van d5 ,dorp1 ,r4 #ahh ,back1 ,godefroy #ahh1 #aij ,cs>is1 ,a4 #aia ,hill5ius1 ,mi*ael #aib ,bella]t1 ,j4 #aic ,h5rici1 ,h4 #aid ,de/resius1 ,jodocus #aie ,van d] ,noot1 ,?omas #aif ,grapheus1 ,j4 #aig ,van d5 ,ke]e1 ,h5ri #aih ,waesb]ghe1 ,j4 #aii ,hamont1 ,mi*el de #bjj ,velpius1 ,rutg] #bja ,hovii1 ,j4 ,m4 #bjb ,plant91 ,c4 #bjc1 #bjd ,elzevir ,sage1 ,! #bjf ,elzevir ,sph]e1 ,! #bjg ,janss5s1 ,guisla9 #bjh ,fritag1 ,a4 #bji ,riess+]1 ,sixtus #baj ,besick51 ,j4 #baa ,m>t5s1 ,?i]ry #baa ,ratdolt1 ,erh>dus #bab ,scotto1 ,ottaviano #bad ,sessa1 ,mel*ior #baf ,meietos1 ,p4 & ,a4 #bag ,ald9e ,an*or1 ,! ,fir/ #bah ,torresano1 ,&rea #bai ,ald9e ,an*or1 #aejb-ae #bbj #aedf-ed #bba #aeee-gd #bbb #aege-ha #bbc ,giunta1 ,p4 #bbd ,giunta1 ,l4 #bbe ,giunta1 ,f4 de #bbe ,sabio1 ,! ,bro!rs #bbf ,legnano1 ,gian ,giacomo di #bbg ,rizz>di1 ,giamm>ia #bbh ,rosemba*1 ,juan #bcj ,f]n&ex1 ,v4 #bca ,kalli]gos1 ,za*>ias #bcb ,legnano1 ,j4 ,a4 de #bcb ,v+le1 ,j4 de1 ( ,pic>dy #bcb ,hugunt1 ,m4 #bcb ,longman & ,co4 #bcc1 #bcg ,/ation]s' ,company1 ,! #bcc #bcd ,riv+tons1 ,! #bce ,cl>5don ,press1 ,! #bch ,pick]+1 ,william #bci ,pick]+1 ,basil ,montagu #bci ,*iswick ,press #bdj1 #bda ,*atto & ,w9dus #bdc ,nutt1 ,david #bdc ,cassell & ,co4 #bdc ,macmillan & ,co4 #bdc ,unw91 ,t4 ,fi%] #bdc1 #bde ,lawr5ce & ,bull5 #bdc ,kegan ,paul & ,co4 #bdc ,cl>k1 ,r4 & ,r4 #bdd ,con/able1 ,t4 & ,a4 #bdf ,morris1 ,william #bdg1 #bdh ,appleton1 ,d41 & ,co4 #bej ,cu%+1 ,j4 ,s41 & ,co4 #bej ,h>p] ,bro!rs #bej ,lockwood1 ,h41 & ,co4 #bej ,b]wick & ,smi? #bea ,de ,v9ne1 ,!odore ,l41 & ,co4 #bea ,lipp9cott1 ,j4 ,b41 ,co4 #bea ,nijh(f1 ,m4 #bea ,norton1 ,william #beb ,bell1 ,george1 & ,sons #bfa ,decoration ,decoration ,,pr9t]s' ,,m>ks4 ,,introduction4 ,%orn ( all ! romance & glam\r :i* seem inevitably to surr\nd e e>ly phase ( typographic art1 a ,pr9t]'s ,device may be describ$ z no?+ m or less ?an a trade m>k4 ,x is usually a suffici5t pro( t ! book 9 :i* x occurs is ! "w ( a p>ticul> craftsman4 ,its orig9 is ess5tially unromantic1 & its employm5t1 9 ! e>li] /ages ( its hi/ory at all ev5ts1 0 m]ely an attempt to prev5t ! inevitable pirate f reap+ :]e he _h n s[n4 ,at "o "t a copy1 or m correctly a =g]y1 ( a ,pr9t]'s ,m>k c\ld be detect$ ) comp>ative ease1 ev5 if ! body ( ! book _h all ! appe>ance ( g5u95ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,g4 ,u4 ,,von ,,&lau4 ,?is self-protection 0 necess>y on _m gr\nds4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! privileges ( impression :i* 7 grant$ by k+s1 pr9ces1 & supreme pontiffs1 7 usually obta9$ only by circuit\s r\tes & aft] ! exp5diture ( mu* "t & money4 ,moreov]1 ! c\nt]feit book 0 r>ely ei!r typographically or textually correct1 & 0 m (t5 ?an n abridg$ & mutilat$ almo/ beyond recognition1 to ! s]i\s detrim5t ( ! pr9t] ^: "n appe>$ on ! title-page4 ,places z well z individualities suff]$1 = v _m books 7 sold z pr9t$ 9 ,v5ice1 )\t hav+ ! lea/ claim to t di/9ction4 ,! ,lyons pr9t]s 7 mo/ unblu%+ s9n]s 9 ?is respect1 & ,r5\>d cites a ,memorial drawn up by ,aldus himself on ! subject1 & publi%$ at ,v5ice 9 #aejc4 ,b ap>t f ! =ego+ reasons1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t _m ( ! e>lie/ monum5ts ( typographic art appe>$ n only )\t ! "n ( ! pr9t] b also )\t t ( ! locality 9 :i* !y 7 pr9t$4 ,al?\gh 9 su* cases v>i\s extrane\s circum/ances h enabl$ bibliograph]s to 8place0 ^! books1 ! ,m>k ( ! pr9t] has almo/ inv>iably be5 ! *ief aid 9 ?is direction4 ,! ,psalt] ( #adeg is ! fir/ book :i* has ! "n ( ! place :]e x 0 pr9t$1 besides t ( ! pr9t]s z well z ! date ( ! ye> 9 :i* x 0 execut$4 ,b = a long "t aft] t date books appe>$ )\t "o or ! o!r ( ^! attributes1 & sometimes )\t ei!r1 s t ! importance ( ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k holds good4 ,a v natural "q n[ sugge/s itself1 8,:o inv5t$ ^! ,m>ks80 ,laire1 8,index ,librorum0 7,sc4 xv471 ii4 #adf1 9 speak+ ( a ,greek ,psalt] says3 8,habet signaturas1 regi/rum ac cu/odes1 s$ non num]antur folia4 ,litt] pr9cipales ligno incis sunt1 sicut et 9 pr9cipio cujuslibet psalmi viticul qu gallic vignettes appellantur1 qu>um usum primus excogitavit ,aldus40 ,! volume "h describ$ 0 pr9t$ ab\t #adie1 & ! inv5tion !re=e has be5 v g5]ally attribut$ to ,aldus4 ,t ?is is n s w be %[n 9 ! next *apt]4 ,we %all conf9e ourselves = ! pres5t to "s ( ! v>i\s po9ts :i* appe> to be mat]ial to a prop] und]/&+ ( ! subject4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important & int]e/+ phases 9 connection ) ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks is und\bt$ly ! motif ( ! pictorial embelli%m5t4 ,bo? ! precise orig9 & ! object ( _m ,m>ks are n[ lo/ to u1 & _m o!rs are only expla9$ aft] a ?or\gh /udy ( ! life ( ! p>ticul> pr9t] or ! nature ( ! books :i* he g5]ally pr9t$ or publi%$4 ,! majority1 h[ev]1 c>ry _! own prima facie explanations4 ,! numb] ( 8punn+0 devices is v l>ge1 & ne>ly e "o has a "* peculi>ly its own4 ,_! antiquity is prov$ by ! fact t be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 a picture ( ,/4 ,an?ony 0 boldly1 n to say irrev]5tly1 us$ by ,anto9e ,caillaut1 ,p>is4 ,a long s]ies ( punn+ devices occur 9 ! books pr9t$ by or = ! fifte5? c5tury publi%]s1 "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ & successful is t ( ,mi*el le ,noir1 ^: %ield c>ries 8 initials1 surm\nt$ by ! head ( a negress & sometimes support$ by cant+ figures 9 full4 ,?is ,m>k1 ) v>iations1 0 also employ$ by ,philippe & ,guillaume le ,noir1 ! "w ( ! ?ree m5 cov]+ a p]iod ( ne>ly #ajj ye>s4 ,! device ( ,gilles or ,gillet ,c\teau1 ,p>is1 #adib1 is app>5tly a d\ble pun1 fir/ on 8 ,*ri/ian "n1 ! transition f :i* to illet be+ easy & expla9+ ! pres5ce ( a p9k 9 fl[]1 & secondly on 8 surname by ! ?ree op5 knives1 9 "o ( :i* ! end ( ! blade is brok54 ,x 0 almo/ inevitable t bo? ,d5is ,roce or ,ross1 a ,p>is booksell]1 #adij1 & ,g]ma9 ,rose1 ( ,lyons1 #aech1 %\ld employ a rose 9 _! m>ks1 & ?is !y did1 "o ( ! latt]'s examples hav+ a dolph9 tw9+ ar\nd ! /em4 ,jacques & ,e/i5ne ,maillet1 ^: works at ,lyons ext5d$ f ! la/ elev5 ye>s ( ! fifte5? c5tury to ! middle ( ! sixte5?1 give 9 ! c5tre ( _! %ield a picture ( a mallet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gillet ,,c\teau4 ,du grant aux petis ,gillet c\teau ,illu/ration3 ,,galliot ,,du ,,pr4 ,,vogve ,,la ,,gvallee ,,galliot ,,dv ,,pre ,"o ( ! bolde/ ( ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury examples is t employ$ by ,galliot ,du ,pr1 ,p>is1 & 9 ?is we h a picture ( a galley propell$ ) ! aid ( sails & o>s1 & ) ! motto 8,vogue la gualee40 ,?is device 7) sev]al v>iations7 0 us$ by bo? fa!r & son1 & possesses an int]e/ beyond ! subject ( ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks1 = x gives u a v cle> idea ( ! diff]5t boats employ$ dur+ ! fir/ ?ree qu>t]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,ano!r /rik+ ,m>k ( ab\t ! same "t & cov]+ z ne>ly z possible ! same p]iod1 0 t ( ! family ,de ,la ,porte4 ,! e>li] example us$ 9 ,p>is ab\t #aejh 0 a simple doorway2 b ! eld] ,hugues de la ,porte1 ,lyons1 & ! successors ( ,aymon ,de ,la ,porte ( ! same place1 us$ sev]al exce$+ly bold designs 9 :i* ,samson is repres5t$ c>ry+ away ! gates ( ,gaza1 ! motto on "o door or gate be+ 8lib]tatem meam10 & on ! o!r 8mecum porto40 ,! two pr9t]s ( ! same "n1 ,jehan ,lecoq1 :o 7 practis+ ! art cont9u\sly dur+ ne>ly ! :ole ( ! sixte5? c5tury at ,troyes1 employ$ a ,m>k on ! %ield ( :i* appe>s ! figure ( a cock2 :il/ an equally appropriate if mu* m ugly design1 0 employ$ by ! em95t ,lyons family ( ,sba/i5 ,gryphe or ,gryphius3 he _h at lea/ eight 8griff90 ,m>ks1 :i* diff]$ slightly f "o ano!r4 ,franois ,gryphe1 :o work$ 9 ,p>is1 _h "o ,m>k :i* 0 orig9al to ! ext5t ( ! griff9 be+ support$ by a tortoise4 ,j4 ,du ,m\l91 ,r\51 employ$ a little picture ( a w9dmill on 8 ,m>k1 z did ,scotl&'s fir/ pr9t]1 ,&ro ,myll>2 b ,jehan ,petit1 a prolific fifte5? c5tury pr9t] ( ,p>is1 conf9$ 8 punn+ to ! words 8,petit ,petit10 z is se5 9 ! r$uc$ facsimile title1 giv5 on p4 #i1 ( a book pr9t$ by him = ,t4 ,k]v]4 ,ma?ias ,api>ius1 ,/rassburg1 us$ at lea/ two ,m>ks express+ ! same idea1 namely1 a be> discov]+ a bee's ne/ 9 ! holl[ ( a tree--an obvi\s pun on 8 surname4 ,! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury is n ne>ly s fruitful 9 really good or /rik+ devices4 ,guillaume ,bi*on1 ,p>is1 employ$ a reali/ic picture ( a lap-dog 79 allusion to 8 surname7 *as+ a h>e1 ) ! motto 8,nunc fugi5s1 olim pugnabo02 & equally reali/ic 9 ano!r way is ! ,m>k ( ,p4 ,*&eli]1 ,ca51 9 :i* effective use is made ( a c&le-/ick ) sev5 hold]s1 ! motto be+ 8,luc]nis fidelit] m9i/ro40 ,anto9e ,t>dif1 ,lyons1 employ$ ! ,ald9e an*or & dolph91 & also a motto1 8,fe/9a t>de10 :i* is id5tical 9 mean+1 if n 9 ! exact words1 ( t ( ,aldus4 ,guillaume ,de ,la ,rivire1 ,arras1 us$ a *>m+ly vivid little sc5e ( a w9d+ riv]1 ) ! motto 8,mad5ta flum9e valles02 & x is n difficult to di/+ui% ! appropriat5ess ( ! sprig ( b>ley 9 ! ,m>k ( ,hugues ,b>bon1 ,limoges4 ,! ,m>k ( ,jacques ,du ,puys1 ,p>is1 0 possibly sugge/$ by ! ^w puits 7or well71 & ( :i* ,puys is p]haps only a =m3 ! picture at all ev5ts is a repres5tation ( ,*ri/ at ! well4 ,9 ! case ( ,adam ,du ,mont1 ,orange1 ! *ri/ian "n1 is 8tak5 (f0 9 a picture ( ,adam & ,eve at ! tree ( =bidd5 fruit2 & exactly ! same idea occurs ) equal appropriat5ess 9 ! ,m>k ( ,n4 ,eve1 ,p>is1 ! sign ( ^: %op 0 ,adam & ,eve4 ,mi*el ,jove naturally w5t to pr(ane hi/ory = ! subject ( 8 ,m>k1 & ) a consid]able am\nt ( success4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jehan ,,lecoq4 ,jehan ,lecoq ,among ! num]\s o!r examples ) mottoes d]iv$ f sacr$ hi/ory1 special m5tion1 z %[+ ! connection betwe5 ! sign ( ! %op & its incorporation 9 ! ,m>k1 may be made to ! foll[+ pr9t]s ( ,p>is3 ,d4 ,de ,la ,n\e1 :o n only _h 8,jesus0 z ! sign ( 8 %op1 b also z 8 ,m>k2 ,j4 ,gueffi] _h ! 8,amateur ,div90 z 8 sign1 & an allegorical int]pretation ( ! device1 8,f]t tacitus1 vivit1 v9cit div9us amator10 z a ,m>k2 ,guillaume ,julian1 or ,juli51 _h 8,amitie0 z 8 sign1 & a p]sonification ( ?is 7,typus ,amiciti7 z 8 ,m>k1 ) ! motto 8,nil ,deus hac nobis majus concessit 9 usus02 ,abel ,l',angeli] 7& 8 wid[ aft] 8 dea?7 adopt$ ! sacrifice ( ,abel z ! subject ( 8 ,sign & ,m>k1 ) ! motto 8,sacrum p9que dabo nec macrum sacrificabo02 & ! motto ( bo? ! fir/ & ! second ,mi*el ,sonnius 0 8,si ,deus pro nobis1 quis contra nos80 ,illu/ration3 ,,petit ,,& ,,k]v]4 ,,petit ,a ,,petit ,le second ,volu me ,des ,cronicques ,annalles de ,france1 augm5tes en la f9 dudit volume daucuns faictz dignes de memoire des feux roys ,*>les huytiesme4 ,loys d\ziesme fran- cois premi] du nom ,iusques en ,lan ,mil c9q c5s v+t ,n\uellem5t imprime a ,p>is4 ,,petit ,,petit ,t ,k ,,?ielman ,,k]v] ,i ,p ,,petit ,a few punn+ devices occur among ! e>ly ,engli% pr9t]s1 b !y are n always clev] or pictorially successful4 ,! e>lie/ example is t ( ,ri*>d ,grafton1 ^: pretty device repres5ts a tun ) a graft$ tree gr[+ ?r\gh x1 ! motto1 8,suscipite ins]tum v]bum10 be+ tak5 f ! ,epi/le to ,/4 ,james 7i41 v]se #ba74 ,john ,day's device1 ) ! motto 8,arise6 = x is day10 is g5]ally suppos$ to be an allusion to ! ,re=mation z well z a pun on 8 "n2 tradition has x1 h[ev]1 t ,day 0 accu/om$ to awake 8 appr5tices1 :5 !y _h prolong$ _! slumb]s beyond ! usual h\r1 by ! :olesome application ( a sc\rge & ! summons 8,arise6 = x is day40 ,we may also m5tion ! devices ( ,hugh ,s+leton1 a s+le tun2 & ( ,w4 ,middleton1 a tun ) ! lett] ,w at bottom & ,m 9 ! c5tre ( ! tun2 ( ,t4 ,pavi]1 9 :i*1 appropriately en\gh1 we h a pavior pav+ ! /reets ( a t[n1 & surr\nd$ by ! motto 8,?\ %alt lab\r till ?\ return to du/40 ,?omas ,woodcock employ$ a device ( a cock on a /ake1 pil$ z = a ,roman fun]al1 ) ! motto 8,cantabo ,iehov quia b5efecit02 ,&rew ,lawr5ce1 a ,/4 ,&rew cross4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacques ,,du ,,puys4 ,al?\gh n 9 any s5se ( a 8punn+0 nature1 ! employm5t ( a pr9t+ press z a ,m>k may conv5i5tly be "h ref]r$ to4 ,x 0 fir/ us$ 9 ?is mann]1 & 9 m ?an "o =m1 by ,josse ,bade1 or ,badius1 an em95t pr9t] ( ! fir/ ?irty-five ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & to :om full ref]5ce w be f\nd 9 ! *apt] on ,fr5* ,m>ks4 ,a ,flemi% pr9t]1 ,pi]re ,cs>1 ,gh5t1 #aeaf1 0 app>5tly ! next to employ ?is device2 !n came ,jehan ,baud\yn1 ,r5nes1 #aebd2 ,eloy ,gibi]1 ,orleans1 #aeef2 ,jean ,le ,preux1 ,p>is & ,switz]l&1 #aefa2 ,enguilb]t 7,,ii47 ,de ,m>nef & ! ,b\*ets bro!rs1 ,poiti]s1 #aefg2 &1 lat] ?an all1 ,l4 ,cloquem91 ,lyons1 #aegi4 ,illu/ration3 ,t4 ,,pavi]4 ,,?\ ,,%alt ,,lab\r ,,till ,,?\ ,,return ,,to ,,du/ ,next to ! section ( 8punn+0 devices1 p]haps ! mo/ ent]ta9+ is t :i* deals ) ! "q ( mottoes4 ,^! are d]iv$ f an inf9ite v>iety ( s\rces1 n infrequ5tly f ! f]tile bra9s ( ! pr9t]s !mselves4 ,_! application is n always cle>1 b !y are ne>ly always indicative ( ! virility :i* *>act]iz$ ! old pr9t]s4 ,x is nei!r desirable nor possible to exhau/ ?is some:at intricate phase ( ! subject1 b x w be necess>y to quote a few repres5tative examples4 ,occasionally we get a snat* ( v]se1 z 9 ! case ( ,mi*el ,le ,noir1 ^: motto runs ?us3 8,c'e/ mon dsir ,de ,dieu s]vir ,p\r acqurir ,son d\x plaisir40 ,also 9 ! in/ance ( ano!r e>ly pr9t]1 ,gilles ,de ,g\rmont1 :o *ants-- 8,to/ ou t>d ,pres ou lo+ ,a le ,=t ,du feble beso+40 ,p]haps ! greate/ numb] ( all are ^? 9 :i* ! pr9t] proclaims 8 fai? to ,god & 8 loyalty to 8 k+4 ,"o ( ! e>ly ,p>is pr9t]s enjo9s u--9 v]se--n only to hon\r ! k+ & ! c\rt1 b claims our salutations = ! ,univ]sity2 & almo/ precisely ! same s5tim5t f9ds expression 9 ! ,m>k ( ,j4 ,alex&re1 ano!r e>ly pr9t] ( ,p>is4 ,rob9et or ,rob]t ,mac1 ,r\51 proclaims 8,ung dieu1 ung roy1 ung foy1 ung loy10 & ! same idea express$ 9 id5tical words is n uncommonly met ) 9 ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks4 ,( a m def9itely religi\s nature are ^?1 = example1 ( ,p4 de ,s>tires1 ,b\rges1 8,t\t se passe =s dieu02 ( ,j4 ,lamb]t1 8,a espoir en dieu02 ( ,prig5t ,calv>91 8,deum "t1 paup]es su/9e1 f9em respice02 & sev]al f ! ,psalms1 su* z t ( ,c4 ,n\rry1 call$ ,le ,pr9ce1 8,cor contritum et humiliatum deus non despicies02 ( ,p4 ,de ,sa9cte-,lucie1 also call$ ,le ,pr9ce1 8,oculi mei semp] ad dom9um02 & ( ,j4 ,temporal 7all ?ree ,lyons pr9t]s71 8,tangit montes et fumigant10 9 :i* ! design is q 9 keep+ ) ! motto2 9 "o case at lea/1 ,s4 ,nivelle1 "o ( ! comm&m5ts is made use (1 8,honora patrem tuum1 et matrem tuam1 ut sis longvus sup] t]ram40 ,"h1 too1 we may include ! mottoes ( ,b4 ,rigaud1 8,a foy enti]e cur volant02 ,s4 ,de ,col9es1 8,eripiam et glorificabo eum02 & ( ,b5oi/ ,b\nyn1 ,lyons1 8,labores manum tu>um quia m&ucabis beatus es et b5e tibi erit40 ,:il/ z a few illu/rations ( a g5]al "* we may quote ,ge(frey ,tory's exce$+ly brief 8,non plus10 :i* 0 contemporane\sly us$ also by ,olivi] ,mall>d2 ,j4 ,longis1 8,nihil 9 *>itate viol5tia02 ,d5ys ,janot1 8,t\t p> am\r1 am\r p> t\t1 p> t\t am\r1 en t\t bi502 ! ,fr5* r5d]+ ( a v old prov]b 9 ! mottoes ( ,b4 ,aubri & ,d4 ,roce1 8,a l'av5ture t\t vi5t a po9t qui peut att5dre02 ,j4 ,bignon1 8,repos sans f91 sans f9 repos02 ! motto us$ conjo9tly by ,m4 ,fz&at & ,r4 ,granjon1 8,ne la mort1 ne le v5902 & ! motto ( ,eti5ne ,dolet1 8,scabra et impolita ad amussim dolo1 atque p]folio40 ,among ! mottoes ( e>ly ,engli% pr9t]s1 ! mo/ notable1 p>tly = its dual s\rce1 & z "o ( our e>lie/ examples1 is t ( ,william ,faques2 "o s5t5ce1 8,melius e/ modicum ju/o sup] divitias peccatorum multas10 is tak5 f ,psalm xxxvii4 v]se #af2 & ! second1 8,melior e/ pati5s viro =ti1 et qui dom9at10 comes f ,prov]bs xvi41 v]se #cb4 ,! motto ( ,ri*>d ,grafton has already be5 quot$2 t ( ,john ,reynes 0 8,r$emptoris mundi arma02 & ,john ,wolfe1 8,vbique floret40 ,illu/ration3 ,,d5ys ,,janot4 ,,p>tovt ,,amovr ,,amor ,,dei ,,omnia ,,v9cit ,,amovr ,,p>tovt ,,tovt ,,p> ,,amovr4 ,,d5is ,,ianot4 ,,en ,,tovt ,,bi54 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,faques4 ,melius e/ modicum iu/o sup] divitias peccatorum multas4 ,,melior ,,e/ ,,pati5s ,,viro ,,=ti ,,et ,,qvi ,,dom9at ,guillam4 ,! employm5t ( mottoes 9 ,greek & ,hebrew *>act]s is a n unimportant feature 9 ! e>li] examples ( ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks1 b x mu/ suffice u "h to indicate a few ( ! lead+ pr9t]s :o us$ ei!r "o or ! o!r1 & sometimes bo?4 ,b4 ,rembolt 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ to incorporate a ,greek phrase2 ,de ,sal5son1 ,gh5t1 _h a ,greco-,lat9 motto on an op5 bible1 :i* is ! pice de resi/ance ( a pretty ,m>k1 a simil> idea occurr+ 9 ! totally diff]5t ,m>ks ( ! bro!rs ,tres*el1 ,lyons2 ano!r ,lyons firm ( pr9t]s1 ! bro!rs ,huguetan1 employ$ a ,greek motto1 & a phrase1 also 9 ,greek *>act]s1 occurs 9 "o ( ! ,m>ks ( ,pet] ,vid\e4 ,! m notable ,m>ks :i* conta9 ,hebrew *>act]s1 :i* g5]ally signify ,jehovah1 are ^? ( ,joannes ,knobl\*us1 or ,knobl\*1 ,/rassburg1 9 :i* we h n only ,hebrew1 b upp] & l[] case ,greek1 & a ,lat9 quotation--8,v]um1 quum latebris delituit diu1 em]git02 & ( ,wolfius ,cphalu1 also ( ,/rassburg2 & "h aga9 we h ! ,m>k environ$ by quotations 9 ,greek1 ,lat91 & ,hebrew4 ,9 a few in/ances we h ! unlucky lett] ( ! ,greek alphabet--!ta--=m+ a ,m>k ) consid]able orig9ality1 z 9 t ( ,guillaume ,morel1 :]e ?is symbol ( dea? is surr\nd$ by two dragon s]p5ts repres5t+ immortality4 ,! !ta 0 also employ$ by ,eti5ne ,prevo/eau4 ,! subject ( ! sph]e 9 ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks might pr(itably occupy a good deal ( space 9 discuss+4 ,x is g5]ally consid]$ to be n only ! peculi> prop]ty ( ! ,elzevirs1 b t books possess+ x )\t hav+ "o or o!r ( ! real or assum$ impr9ts ( ?is celebrat$ family ( pr9t]s are impud5t frauds4 ,b z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 us$ by at lea/ half-a-doz5 pr9t]s _m ye>s be=e ! ,elzevirs />t$ pr9t+4 ,= example1 x 0 employ$ dur+ ! la/ decade ( ! fifte5? c5tury by ,gilles ,h>d\yn1 & e>ly 9 ! sixte5? by ,huguetan bro!rs at ,lyons1 by ,p4 ,s]g5t & ,l4 ,gr&9 at ,p>is1 by ,j4 ,/eels1 or ,/eelsius ( ,antw]p1 & ,p4 ,li*t5/e9 ( ,v5ice4 ,9 ^! in/ances1 h[ev]1 x is end[$1 s to speak1 ) accessories4 ,9 ! e>lie/ ,m>k x plays only an incid5tal "p1 b 9 ! ,huguetan example x =ms ! device itself3 x is held by a h& & is encircl$ by a r+ on :i* ! own] ( ! h& is evid5tly try+ to balance a ball2 !re is a ,greek motto4 ,9 a lat] & slightly diff]5t design ( ! same family1 ! motto is alt]$ 9 position1 & is 9 ,lat93 8,vniv]sitas r]um1 vt ,pvlis1 9 manv ,iehovae40 ,ea* ( ! two ,p>is examples is rem>kable 9 its peculi> way4 ,9 ,gr&9's two ,m>ks ! same allegorical idea prevails1 viz41 "o p]son seiz+ a complete sph]e f an angel out ( ! cl\ds1 app>5tly to ex*ange x = ! brok5 "o held by a second p]son3 9 ! crud] ( ! two examples ( ^! !re is a quotation f ! #aag? ,psalm4 ,9 ,s]g5t's bold & vigor\s ,m>k1 ! sph]e1 :i* incloses a figure ( ! crucifi$ ,*ri/1 is fix$ into ! top ( a dead trunk ( a tree4 ,x may also be m5tion$ t ?is device 0 frequ5tly us$ by pr9t]s dur+ ! middle & latt] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 9 ?is c\ntry--x appe>s1 = example1 on sev]al books pr9t$ by ,r4 ,b5tley1 ,london1 dur+ t p]iod4 ,! sph]e z an ,elzevir ,m>k w be ref]r$ to 9 ! *apt] deal+ ) ,dut* examples4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,/eels4 ,,io4 ,,/eelsivs ,concordia res p>u crescunt4 ,an elem5t :i* may be g5]ically t]m$ religi\s plays no unimportant "p 9 ?is subject4 ,x w n be necess>y to ent] deeply into ! motives :i* induc$ s _m ( ! old pr9t]s & booksell]s to select ei!r _! devices or ! illu/rations ( _! ,m>ks f biblical s\rces2 & x mu/ suffice to say t1 if ! object is frequ5tly hidd5 to u to-day1 ! fact ( ! ext5t ( _! employm5t _c be controv]t$4 ,! incid5t ( ! ,braz5 ,s]p5t 7,numb]s xxi47 0 a v popul> subject4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ to use x 0 ,conrad ,neob>1 ,p>is1 #aech2 x 0 adopt$ by ,reg9ald ,wolfe1 :o comm5c$ pr9t+ 9 ?is c\ntry ab\t #aedc1 & its possession 0 consid]$ ( suffici5t importance to m]it special m5tion among ! goods bequea!d by 8 wid[ to h] son ,rob]t4 ,x 0 also ! ,m>k ( ,wolfe's contempor>ies1 ,m>t9 ,le ,jeune1 ,p>is1 ,jean ,bi5-,n1 ( ! same city1 & ( ,jean ,cresp91 ,g5eva1 ! la/-nam$ us+ x 9 sev]al sizes1 9 :i* ! foot ( ! cross is 8cont9u$0 into an an*or4 ,ap>t f crosses 9 an inf9ite v>iety ( =ms1 & to :i* ref]5ce w pres5tly be made1 by f> ! mo/ popul> =m ( religi\s devices consi/$ ( :at may1 = conv5i5ce sake1 be t]m$ angelic4 ,pictorially !y are ne>ly always failures1 & (t5 ludicr\sly s4 ,! same inde$ might be said ( ! "w ( mo/ arti/s :o h essay$ ! impossible 9 ?is direction4 ,an extraord9>y solemnity ( c\nt5ance1 a pa9ful sam5ess & extreme ugl9ess1 are ! ?ree dom9ant features ( ! angels ( ! ,pr9t]s' ,m>k4 ,! subject (f]s b little scope = an arti/'s +5uity x is true1 & x is only 9 a v few exceptions t a tol]able example pres5ts itself4 ,_! mo/ frequ5t occurr5ce is 9 support+ a %ield ) ! national emblem ( ,france1 & 9 at lea/ "o in/ance--t ( ,&r ,boc>d1 ,p>is1--) ! emblems ( ! city & ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,?is idea1 )\t ! two latt] emblems1 occurs 9 ! devices ( ,jehan ,trepp]el1 ,an?o9e ,d5idel1 & ,j4 ,b\y] & ,g4 ,b\*et 7:o adopt$ x conjo9tly71 :o 7 pr9t+ or sell+ books 9 ,p>is dur+ ! la/ decade ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 :il/ 9 ! prov9ces 9 t p]iod x 0 employ$ by ,jacques ,le ,=e/i]1 at ,r\52 & by ,jehan ,de ,g\rmont1 ,p>is1 ,j4 ,besson1 ,lyons1 & ,j4 ,b\*et at ,poiti]s1 e>ly 9 ! foll[+ c5tury4 ,! angels ne>ly always occur 9 c\ples1 z 9 ! case ( ,anto9e ,vr>d1 "o ( ! e>lie/ pr9t]s to adopt ?is =m2 b a few exceptions may be m5tion$ :]e only "o appe>s1 namely1 9 ! ,m>k ( ,e/i5ne ,bal&1 ,lyons 7#aeae71 9 :i* an angel is repres5t$ z conf\nd+ ,balaam's ass2 & 9 t ( ,v9c5t ,portun>is1 ( ! same place & ( ab\t ! same "t1 9 :i* an angel figures hold+ an op5 book2 9 ! f\r employ$ by ,g4 ,silvius1 an ,antw]p pr9t] 7#aefb71 9 ?ree ( :i* ! figure is also hold+ a book2 9 ! elaborate ,m>k ( ,philip ,du ,pr1 ,p>is1 #aeie1 & 9 ! exce$+ r\gh ,m>k ( ,jannot de ,campis1 ( ,lyons1 #aeje4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ! subject ( ,*ri/ on ! cross 0 v r>ely employ$1 an exception occurr+ 9 ! case ( ,s*ffel]1 ( ,con/ance1 or ,bod5see1 ,bav>ia1 #aeje4 ,! same c5tre-piece1 )\t ! cross1 0 employ$ by ,jehan ,frellon1 ,p>is1 #aejh1 & evid5tly copi$ by ,jehan ,burges1 ! y\ng]1 at ,r\51 #aeba1 :il/ t ( ,guillaume ,du ,puy1 ,p>is1 #aejd1 has already be5 ref]r$ to4 ,! ,virg9 ,m>y occurs occasionally1 ! m notable examples be+ ! ,m>ks ( ,guillaume ,anabat1 ,p>is1 #aeje-aj1 really a c>eful piece ( "w2 & ! eld] ,g4 ,ryv]d1 ,p>is1 #aeaf1 & 9 ea* case ) ! infant ,jesus4 ,/4 ,*ri/oph] is a subject "o sometimes meets ) 9 ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks3 9 t ( ,g]vais ,*evallon1 ,p>is1 #aech1 x h[ev] plays a comp>atively subord9ate "p1 & its m]its 7 only fully recogniz$ by ! ,grosii1 ( ,leipzig1 :o ne>ly always us$ x = ab\t two c5turies1 #aebe-agcb2 ! example be>+ ! la/ date is by f> "o ( ! mo/ absurd ( its k9d--! c[l$ monk ) a mod]n lant]n light+ ,/4 ,*ri/oph] on 8 way ?r\gh ! riv] is a *oice piece ( incongruity4 ,ano!r phase ( ! religi\s elem5t capable ( consid]able expansion is t 9 relation to ! "p play$ 9 ,m>ks by sa9ts & prie/s g5]ally4 ,sometimes ^! are f\nd toge!r ) an effect n at all happy1 notably ! two ,m>ks ( ,jehan ,olivi]1 ,p>is1 #aeah1 :i*1 ) ,jesus ,*ri/ on "o side1 a ,pope on ! o!r1 & an olive tree1 are suffici5tly crude to pres5t an appe>ance :i* seems to-day almo/ blasphem\s4 ,! la/ ( ! sev]al religi\s phases ( ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks to :i* we %all allude is at ! same "t ! mo/ elaborate & complicat$4 ,we ref] to t ( ! ,cross4 ,! subject is suffici5tly wide to occupy ( itself a small volume1 b ev5 aft] ! mo/ c>eful inve/igation1 !re are _m po9ts :i* w = ev] rema9 9 ! region ( d\bt & obscurity4 ,tradition is prov]bially difficult to eradicate2 & all ! glam\r :i* surr\nds ! hi/ory ( ! ,cross1 & :i* f\nd expression 91 among o!r popul> books1 ! 8,leg5da ,aurea10 ma9ta9$ all its pri/9e =ce & attractiv5ess d[n to ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! inv5tion ( pr9t+ & ! gradual enlight5m5t ( mank9d did mu* 9 r$uc+ ^! leg5ds into _! prop] place2 b ! process 0 gradual1 & :atev] may h be5 _! private op9ions1 ! old pr9t]s f\nd x discreet to fall into l9e ) ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s4 ,inde$1 ! religi\s s5tim5t 0 p]haps nev] s alive z at ! "t ( ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 9 pro( ( :i* "s ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ magnific5t typographical monum5ts may be cit$1--! ,gut5b]g ,bible1 ! ,psalt] ( ,fu/ & ,s*oeff]1 = example4 ,! accompany+ plate w give ! read] a fa9t idea ( ! extraord9>y v>iety ( crosses to be f\nd on ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks us$ *iefly by ! ,italian pr9t]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,anto9e ,v,,r>d4 ,,ihs ,,po,,ur ,,provocqv] ,,ta ,,gr,t ,,mis]i ,,corde ,,de ,,tovs ,,pe*evrs ,,faire ,,grace ,,et ,,p>don ,,an?o9e ,,v],a,d ,,hvmblem,t ,,te ,,recorde ,,ce ,,qvil ,a ,,il ,,ti5t ,,de ,,toi ,,p>,,don ,,ar ,m4 ,paul ,delala9 has t\*$ ^u ?is exce$+ly ab/ract phase ( ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks 9 ! ?ird fascicule ( 8 8,inv5taire des ,m>ques d',imprimeurs10 )\t1 z he himself admits1 arriv+ at any v def9ite conclusion4 ,! cross1 :e!r 9 its simple/ =m or ) a complication ( additional ornam5ts1 has1 z he po9ts out1 be5 at all times popul> 9 connection ) ?is subject4 ,x appe>$ on ! %ield ( ,arnold ,!r ,ho]n51 ,cologne1 #adgg1 at ,/ockholm 9 #adhc1 at ,cracovia 9 #aeaj4 ,t x did n fall entirely into desuetude until ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury is a v /rik+ pro( ( :at ,m4 ,delala9 calls 8la p]si/ance de la croix40 ,x has appe>$ 9 all =ms & 9 almo/ e conceivable %ape4 ,its pres5ce may be tak5 z indicat+ a def]5ce & a submission to1 z well z a respect =1 ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & ,m4 ,delala9 is ( ! op9ion t ! sign 8eu p\r orig9e l'affiliation une confrrie religieuse40 ,f9ally1 9 8 introduction to ,ro?-,s*oltz's 8,!saurus ,symbol>um ac ,emblematum10 ,spo]l asks1 8,:y are ! initials ( a pr9t] or booksell] s (t5 plac$ 9 a circle or 9 a he>t-%ap$ bord]1 & !n surm\nt$ by a cross8 ,:y at ! extreme top ( ! cross is ! lat]al l9e =m$ into a sort ( triangul> f\r8 ,:y1 )\t ?is inexplicable sign1 has ! cross a numb] ( cyph]s1 two1 or ev5 ?ree1 cross-b>s8 ,:y %\ld ! tail ( ! cyph] #d itself be trav]s$ by "o or sometimes two p]p5dicul> b>s :i* !mselves w\ld appe> to =m ano!r cross ( ano!r k9d8 ,:y1 among ! ornam5tal accessories1 d c]ta9 species ( />s =m sev]al crosses1 entangl$ or isolat$8 ,:y1 at ! base ( ! cross is ! ,v duplicat$80 ,all ^! are problems :i* x w\ld be exce$+ly difficult to solve ) satisfaction4 ,we d n propose (f]+ any k9d ( explanation = ^! s+ul> m>ks2 b x w n be )\t int]e/ to po9t out t among ! m int]e/+ examples are ^? us$ by ,b]?old ,rembolt1 ,&r ,boc>d or ,b\c>d1 ,georges ,mittelhus1 ,jehan ,alex&re1 ,jehan ,lamb]t1 ,nicole ,de ,la ,b>re1 & ! bro!rs ,de ,m>nef1 all pr9t]s or booksell]s ( ,p>is2 ( ,guillaume ,le ,talleur1 ,ri*>d ,auzolt1 ( ,r\52 ( ,jaques ,huguetan1 ,ma?ieu ,husz1 ,franois ,frad91 ,jacques ,sacon or ,sa*on1 & ,jehan ,du ,pr1 all ( ,lyons2 ( ,jehan ,grn+]1 ( ,/rassburg2 ( ,lawr5ce ,&rewe1 & ,&rew ,he/]1 ( ,london2 ! unkn[n pr9t] ( ,/4 ,albans2 ( ,leeu1 ( ,antw]p2 ( ,jacob ,abiegnus1 ( ,leipzig2 ( ,p$ro ,miguel1 ,b>celona2 ( ,juan de ,rosemba* ( ,b>celona & o!r places2 ( ! f\r 8alemanes0 ( ,seville1 & hundr$s ( o!rs t might be m5tion$4 ,illu/ration3 #a4 ,b5$etto d',ef=e4 #b4 ,bon9o de ,bon9is4 #c4 ,b]n>d9o de ,mis9tis4 #d4 ,b]n>d9o ,ricci4 #e4 ,b]n>d9o ,/agn9o4 #f4 ,bapti/a de ,tortis4 #g4 ,b]n>d9us de ,vitalibus4 #h4 ,b>?olomeus de ,zanis4 #i4 ,dionysius ,b]to*us4 #aj4 #aa4 ,dom9icus ,roccociola or ,ri*izolo4 #ab4 ,william ,s*omb]g4 #ac4 ,*ri/oph] de ,canibus4 #ad4 ,h]cules ,nani4 #ae4 ,giovanni ,antonio de ,b5$etti4 #af4 ,samuel de ,t\rnes 7,g5eva74 #ag4 ,! ,somas*i4 #ah4 ,ju/9ian de ,rub]ia4 #ai4 ,j4 ,tres*el 7,lyons74 #bj4 ,l4 de ,g]la1 ,g]lis or ,g]ula4 #ba4 ,laur5tius ,rubeus de ,val5tia4 #bb4 ,laz>o ,su>do or da ,su>dis4 #bc4 ,mat!w de ,codeca or ,capsaca4 #bd4 ,ni*olas de ,franc=dia4 #be4 ,dionysio ,b]ri*elli4 #bf4 ,octavianus ,scottus4 #bg4 ,p]egr9o de ,pasqualibus4 #bh4 ,philip ,p9zi or ,p9cius4 #bi4 ,caligula de ,bacil]iis4 #cj4 ,j4 ,sac]4 ,x is curi\s to note t1 9 spite ( its great m$ival popul>ity1 ! subject ( ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon r>ely ent]s into ! subject ( ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks1 & ( ! few examples :i* call = ref]5ce1 ^? ( ,?omas ,pri] & ,guillaume ,b\rgeat1 ( ,p>is & ,t\rs respectively1 are among ! be/ bo? 9 design & execution4 ,! idea 0 also adopt$ by ,guillaume ,auvray1 ( ,p>is2 & by ,m4 de ,hamont1 ,brussels4 ,! p]sonification ( ,"t & ,peace 7 bo? popul>2 & ea* has its successful examples4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ in/ances ( ! =m] is a pretty little m>k1 execut$ ) a consid]able am\nt ( vig\r1 ( ,rob]t ,de ,g\rmont1 ,p>is2 a l>ge & vigor\s ,m>k--"o ( sev]al--employ$ by ,simon ,de ,col9es1 ,p>is1 9 :i* x is int]e/+ to note t ! scy! is n inv>iably d5ticulat$2 two v crude b v di/9ct examples employ$ by ,mi*el ,hill5ius or ,hoogh/rate1 ,antw]p1 #aead2 & two1 "o l>ge & ! o!r small1 ( ,guillaume ,*audire1 ,p>is1 #aefd2 :il/ ,jean ,temporal1 ( ,lyons1 #aeej1 us$ x z an evid5t play on 8 "n4 ,! emblem ( ,peace does n appe> to h be5 mu* employ$ until well on into ! sixte5? c5tury2 ,n4 ,b\*]1 #aedd1 us$ z 8 motto1 8pacem victis20 ,guillaume ,juli51 to :om ref]5ce has already be5 made2 z likewise ,mi*el ,clopejau1 ( a few ye>s lat]1 :o us$ ! words 8,typus amiciti0 on 8 m>k1 ) ! fur!r leg5d ( 8,quam sp]ata victoria pax c]ta melior20 ^! ?ree liv$ 9 ,p>is1 :il/ by f> ! be/ decorative ,m>k 9 ?is connection 0 t adopt$ by ,juli5 ,angeli]1 a booksell] & pr9t] ( ,blois1 #aeee1 ! c5tre ( ^: device1 besides ! words 8,signum pacis10 includes a dove be>+ two olive bran*es4 ,! frat]nal device ( two h&s clasp$ may also be "h allud$ to3 x is ( special int]e/ f ! fact t x 0 employ$ by "o ( ! e>lie/ to practice pr9t+ 9 ,p>is--,guy or ,guyot ,m>*ant1 #adhc1 "o ( ^: ,m>ks gives u a view ( two %oemak]s work+ ) musical notes repres5t+ ,s ,la 7,sola71 & 8fides ficit0 9 go?ic type4 ,?omas ,ri*>d1 sixty ye>s aft]w>ds1 elaborat$ on a portion ( ?is idea1 & 8 ,m>k %[s two h&s hold+ a cr[n$ sceptre ) two s]p5ts entw9$ ar\nd x4 ,designs mu* sup]ior to ^! 7 employ$ by ,b]tramus ( ,/rassburg1 at ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,foll[+ ! example ( ,m>*ant1 musical notes h occasionally be5 employ$ by lat] pr9t]s4 ,! rebus ( ?is pr9t] evid5tly sugge/$ t ( ,jehan & ,an?o9e ,laga*e1 fa!r & son1 ,arras1 9 #aeag1 ! fir/ syllable ( ^: "n1 ,la1 is indicat$ by a musical note1 & is imm$iately foll[$ by 8ga*e40 ,pi]re ,jacobi1 ,sa9t-,ni*olas-de-la-,port1 & ,t\l\se1 #aejc1 adopt$ ,m>*ant's idea by giv+ 8,sola fides ficit0 ) a musical />t1 s to speak2 & a di/9ctly novel phase ( ! subject is employ$ by ,jacobus ,jucundus1 ,/rassburg1 #aeca1 9 :i* a goose is repres5t$ z play+ on a viol94 ,illu/ration3 ,,guillaume ,,*audi,,re4 ,,hanc ,,aciem ,,sola ,,retvndit ,,virtvs ,,tempvs4 ,pr9t]s' m>ks 9 :i* ! pictorial embelli%m5ts p>take ( a ru/ic nature1 su* z bits ( l&scape1 se$-s[+1 h>ve/+1 & horns ( pl5ty1 are num]\s1 & 9 _m cases exce$+ly pretty4 ,j4 ,r(fet1 ,p>is1 #aedi1 employ$ ! design ( ! se$-s[] 9 sev]al ( 8 ,m>ks2 & ( ab\t a doz5 diff]5t ,m>ks us$ at "o "t or ano!r by ,jean ,de ,t\rnes ! fir/1 ,lyons1 #aedb1 "o ( ! mo/ successful is a clev] "o hav+ = its c5tral figure a s[]2 ! same idea1 9 a v crude =m1 0 contemporane\sly employ$ also by ,de ,laet1 ,antw]p4 ,! ,cornucopia1 or horn ( pl5ty1 0 a v fav\rite emblem1 & x appe>s 9 a manifold v>iety ( designs1 sometimes ) a ,caduceus 7! symbol ( ,m]cury7 :i* is held by two clasp$ h&s1 z 9 ! case ( ,t4 ,orw91 ,london1 #aeif1 9 a c>t\*e ) ! motto3 8,by wisdom peace1 by peace pl5ty20 f\r ( ! eight m>ks us$ by ,*re/i5 ,w*el1 ,p>is1 #aebb1 diff] f ,orw9's 9 be+ surm\nt$ by a w+$ ,pegasus2 & ,&r ,w*el1 ( ! same city1 #aece1 employ$ "o ( ! small] devices ( ,*re/i51 ) v>iations & enl>gem5ts ( ! same2 9 ! ,m>k ( ,j4 ,*\et1 ,g5eva1 #aegi1 ! caduceus is replac$ by a s]p5t1 ! body ( :i* is =m$ into a figure #h2 9 t ( ,gisla9 ,manilius1 ,gh5t1 ! horns appe> above two seat$ figures4 ,9 ea* ( ! =ego+ examples two horns appe>4 ,georg ,ulri*] von ,&lau1 ,/rassburg1 #aebi1 us$ ! cornucopia1 & 9 "o ( 8 ,m>ks ! figure is surr\nd$ by an elaborate array ( fruit & vegetables2 s+le horns appe> also 9 ! clev] & elaborate m>ks ( ,r4 ,f\et1 ,p>is1 #aeig1 ^: design 0 a v slight deviation f t ( ,j4 ,de ,bordeaux1 ,p>is1 #aefg4 ,! oak-tree1 %elt]+ a reap] & ) ! motto 8,satis ,qu]cus10 0 employ$ by ,george ,cl]ay1 ,vannes1 #aede2 & ! fruit ( ?is tree--! acorn--by ,e4 ,s*ultis1 ,lyons1 #adia4 ,! ?i/le appe>s on ! m>ks ( ,e/i5ne ,gr\lleau1 ,p>is1 #aedg2 ! ,rose on ! m or less elaborate designs ( ,gilles ,corrozet1 ,p>is1 #aech2 a rose-tree 9 full fl[] occupies ! c5tre ( ! beautiful m>k ( ! fir/ ,ma?ieu ,guillemot1 ,p>is1 #aehe2 a solit>y ,rose-fl[] 0 ! simple & effective m>k ( ,jean ,dalli]1 ,p>is1 #aede2 & a fl[]+ bran* ( ! same tree is "o ( ! items on ! *>m+ little ,m>k on ! opposite page ( ,ma?ur9 ,breuille1 ,p>is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacques ,,r(fet4 ,,iaqves ,,r(fet ,illu/ration3 ,,jean ,,de ,,t\rnes4 ,,son ,,art ,,en ,,diev ,9 ! category ( :at may be t]m$ ext9ct animals1 ! ,unicorn z a subject = illu/rat+ ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks enjoy$ a long & ext5sive popul>ity4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ?+ 9 connection ) ^! designs ( ! ,unicorn is p]haps _! /rik+ dissimil>ity1 & z ne>ly e "o ( ! _m arti/s :o employ$1 = no obvi\s reasons1 ?is animal 9 _! ,pr9t]'s ,m>ks _h 8 own idea ( :at a ,unicorn ought to h be5 l1 ! result1 view$ z a :ole1 is n by any means a happy "o4 ,/ill1 sev]al ( ! examples possess a consid]able am\nt ( vig\r & h a di/9ct decorative effectiv5ess4 ,b ap>t f ?is its appe>ance 9 ! ,m>ks ( ! old pr9t]s is a v /rik+ pro( ( ! fact t ! m$ival leg5ds di$ h>d4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ! prov]bial 8lion & unicorn0 d n (t5 occur toge!r4 ,! family ( pr9t]s ) ^: "n ! unicorn is almo/ z closely associat$ z ! compass is ) ,plant91 is t ( ,k]v]1 = x has be5 employ$ 9 ov] a doz5 diff]5t =ms by "o or o!r memb]s f ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury to ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5?4 ,sometimes !re is only "o ,unicorn on ! m>k1 at o!rs !re is a pair4 ,le ,petit ,laur5s1 ,p>is1 0 us+ x contemporane\sly ) ! fir/ ,?ielman ,k]v]1 & possibly ! "o copi$ ! o!r4 ,snant1 ,vivian1 ,kes1 & ,pi]re ,gad\l1 ,*apelet1 & ,*av]*]1 7 o!r ,p>is pr9t]s :o us$ ! same idea 9 _! m>ks be=e ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 long a fav\rite subject ) ! ,r\5 pr9t]s1 "o ( ! e>lie/ 9 t city to use x be+ ,j4 ,ri*>d1 ^: design is p>ticul>ly orig9al1 inasmu* z ! %ield is support$ on "o side by a ,unicorn1 & on ! o!r by a female1 possibly int5d$ to repres5t a sa9t1 an idea :i* 0 app>5tly copi$ by ,symon ,v9c5t1 ,lyons2 ! ,unicorn 0 also us$ 9 ! m>ks ( ,l4 ,m>t9 & ,g4 ,b\lle1 bo? ( ,lyons2 & also 9 ! v r\gh b orig9al design employ$ by ,h4 ,hesk]1 ,antw]p1 #adif2 :il/ = its qua9t orig9ality a special ref]5ce may be made to ! ,m>k ( ,franois ,huby1 ,p>is1 ( ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 = 9 ?is a ,unicorn is repres5t$ z *as+ an old man4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,unicorn ,m>k is ess5tially ,dut*4 ,! editions ( ! ,pr9t]1 8 la licorne10 ,deft1 #adhh-id1 are well kn[n to /ud5ts ( e>ly pr9t+4 ,! e>lie/ book 9 :i* ?is m>k is f\nd is ! 8,dalogus d] ,creatur50 78,dialogus ,creatur>um07 issu$ at t city 9 ,novemb]1 #adhh4 ,h5ri ,eck]t de ,homb]gh & ,*r4 ,snella]t1 bo? ( ,delf1 us$ a ,unicorn 9 _! ,m>ks dur+ ! latt] ye>s ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma?ur9 ,,breuille4 ,,dom9e ,,adavge ,,nobis ,,fidem ,,qvia ,,*ri/i ,,bonvs ,,odor ,,svmvs ,illu/ration3 ,c4 ,,snella]t4 ,among o!r possible & impossible mon/]s & subjects ( pr(ane hi/ory1 ! ,griff91 ! ,m]maid1 ! ,phnix1 ,arion & ,h]mes has ea* _h its ,m>k or ,m>ks4 ,9 ! case ( ! fir/ nam$1 :i*1 accord+ to ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne1 9 8 8,vulg> ,errors10 is emblematical ( wat*fulness1 c\rage1 p]sev]ance1 & rapidity ( execution1 x is n surpris+ t ! ,gryphius family1 f ! evid5t pun on _! surname1 %\ld h consid]$ x z 9 _! p>ticul> pres]ves4 ,z may be imag9$1 x does n make a pretty device1 al?\gh "u ! circum/ances its employm5t is p]haps p]missible4 ,seba/i5 ,gryphius1 ,lyons1 & 8 bro!r ,franois1 ,p>is1 :o 7 ( ,g]man p>5tage1 employ$ ! ,griff9 9 ab\t a doz5 v>iations dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! ,griff91 h[ev]1 0 utiliz$ by ,poncet ,le ,preux1 ,p>is1 "s ye>s be=e ! ,gryphius family came into notoriety1 & x 0 employ$ contemporane\sly ) ?is by ,b4 ,aubri1 ,p>is4 ,! ,m]maid makes a pretti] picture ?an ! ,griff91 b its appe>ance on ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks is an equally fanta/ic vag>y ( ! imag9ation4 ,9 "o ( ! e>lie/ ,m>ks on :i* x occurs1 t ( ,c4 ,frad91 ,lyons1 #aeje1 ! %ield is support$ on "o side by a ,m]maid1 & on ! o!r by a fully-arm$ knight2 half a c5tury aft]1 ,b4 ,mac1 ,ca51 _h a v clev] little ,m>k 9 :i* ! ,m]maid is n only 9 h] prop] elem5t1 b hold+ an an*or 9 "o h&1 & comb+ h] hair ) ! o!r4 ,dur+ ! second qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! idea 01 ) v>iations1 us$ by ,g4 ,le ,bret1 ,p>is1 & ,j4 ,de ,junte1 ,lyons1 z well z by ,john ,ra/ell1 ,london1 #aebh1 ^: %op 0 at ! sign ( ! ,m]maid4 ,to summ>ize a few ( ! less popul> designs1 x w suffice to give a %ort li/ ( ! vignettes or m>ks us$ by ! old pr9t]s ( ,p>is 7except :]e o!rwise /at$71 alphabetically arrang$ accord+ to subjects3 ,abraham1 ,pac>d2 an an*or1 ,*ri/oph] ,raphel5g1 ,leyd51 ,*\et & ,pi]re ,aub]t1 ,g5eva2 two an*ors crosswise1 ,?i]ry ,m>t5s1 ,antw]p1 & ,ni*olas le ,ri*2 "o or m angels1 ,legnano1 ,milan2 ,h5aud & ,abel ,l',angeli]1 & ,dom9ic ,f>ri1 ,v5ice2 ,arion1 ,opor9us or ,h]li/1 ,bryl+]1 ,l\is le ,roi1 & ,p]net1 ,basle1 & ,*\et1 ,g5eva2 a ,basilisk & ! f\r elem5ts1 ,rogny2 ,bell]ophon1 ! bro!rs ,arn\l & ,*>les ,angeli]s2 ,guillaume ,eu/ace1 & ,p]i]1 & ,bonel1 ,v5ice2 a ,bull ) ! sign ,taurus & ! ,zodiac1 ,ni*olas ,bevilacqua1 ,tur92 a ,cat ) a m\se 9 h] m\?1 ,mel*ior ,sessa & ,pietro ,nicol9i1 de ,sabio1 ,v5ice2 two ,doves1 ,jacques ,quesnel2 an ,eagle1 ,bal?az> ,bell]s1 ,antw]p1 ,bladius1 ,rome1 ,g4 ,r\ille or ,roville1 ,lyons1 & ! same design--) ! motto 8,r5ovabitur ut aquil juv5tus mea0--occurs 9 ! books publi%$ 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury by ,nicol9i1 ,rabani1 ,r5n]i & ,co41 ,v5ice2 ! p]sonification ( ,=tune1 ,b]ti]1 ,j4 ,d5is 7an elaborate & clev] design 9 :i* a y\? is repres5t$ climb+ ! tree ( ,=tune71 & ,adrian le ,roy & ,rob]t ,ball>d1 ,b]de & ,rigaud1 ,lyons1 & ,giovanni & ,&rea ,z5n>o1 ,v5ice2 a ,f\nta91 ,m4 ,vascosan1 ! second ,fr$]ic ,morel 7) a ,greek motto import+ t ! f\nta9 ( wisdom fl[s 9 books71 & ,crat&]1 ,basle2 a ,he>t1 ,seba/ian ,hur & 8 son-9-law ,corbon2 ,h]cules1 ) ! motto1 8,virtus non t]rita mon/ris10 ,vitr1 ,le ,maire1 ,leyd52 a ,lion rampant1 ,arry2 a lion rampant cr[n$ on a r$ gr\nd1 ,gun!r ,za9]2 a lion l$ by ! h&1 ,jacques ,creigh]2 a lion support+ a column1 ,mylius1 ,/rassburg1 & a lion ) a h\r glass1 ,h5ric ,petri1 ,basle2 a ,magpie1 ,jean ,b5at or ,bi5ne2 ?is bird also occurs among ,rob]t ,e/i5ne's ,m>ks1 & ! same subject1 ) a s]p5t tw9+ r\nd a bran* 0 us$ 7accord+ to ,horne71 by ,fr$]ic ,morel2 ,m]cury1 alone or ) o!r classic deities1 ,david ,d\ceur1 ,biaggio1 ,lyons2 ,jean ,rossy1 ,bologne2 ,v]du/1 ,antw]p1 & ,h]vagius1 ,basle2 a ,pelican1 ,n4 ,de ,gu+uant1 ,s4 ,nivelle1 ,girault & ,de ,m>nef1 ,c4 & ,f4 ,frances*9i1 ,v5ice2 ,mam>elli1 ,f]r>a2 ,f4 ,heg]1 ,leyd52 ,e4 ,b>ricat1 ,lyons2 & ,m>t9 ,nuyts & 8 successor :o c>ri$ on bus9ess "u ! same "n1 ,antw]p2 a ,phnix1 ,mi*ael ,joli1 ,wyon1 ,d\ay2 ,leff51 ,leyd52 ,m>t9elli1 ,rome2 & ,giolito1 ,v5ice2 a ,salam&]1 ,z5>o1 ,v5ice2 ,/4 ,cresp9 & ,s5neton1 ,lyons2 ,duv]s9 & ,rossi1 ,rome2 a ,/ork1 ,nivelle & ,cramoisy2 ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon1 ,mi*el de ,hamont1 ,brussels2 a ,swan1 ,blan*et2 :il/ a swan & a soldi] =m$ ! ,m>k ( ,pet] de ,cs>is & ,john ,/oll1 two ,g]man pr9t]s :o 7 among ! e>lie/ to practise ! art 9 ,p>is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,ra/ell4 ,fuit ,iohannes ,ra/ell ,illu/ration3 ,,g]>d ,,leeu4 ,decoration ,,"s ,,g5]al ,,aspects ,,( ,,! ,,pr9t]',s ,,m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fu/ ,,& ,,s*oeff]4 ,f :at has already be5 /at$1 x w be se5 t ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k plays a by no means unimportant "p 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( illu/ration1--:e!r ! phase be s]i\s or grotesque1 sublime or ridicul\s1 we f9d "h manifold examples1 crude z well z clev]4 ,al?\gh x _c be said ) tru? t ! ,m>k z an in/itution rea*$1 l typography itself1 its highe/ degree ( p]fection at its inception1 "s ( ! e>li] examples1 nev]!less1 are also "s ( ! mo/ p]fect4 ,! evolution f ! small monogram1 g5]ally 9 :ite on a black gr\nd1 to an elaborate picture occupy+ f a qu>t] to a :ole page1 0 mu* less gradual ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,! unambiti\s m>ks ( ! fir/ pr9t]s 7 cle>ly adopt$ 9 consonance ) ! trad]s' or m]*ants' m>ks :i* began to be s g5]ally employ$ dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! v natural "q1 ,:i* 0 ! fir/ ,pr9t]'s ,m>k8 admits ( an easy answ]4 ,x 0 employ$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! =m ( ! c\pl$ %ield ( ,fu/ & ,s*oeff]1 9 ! colophon ( ! fam\s ,psalt] pr9t$ by ^! two m5 at ,ma9z 9 #adeg4 ,?is book is rem>kable z be+ ! co/lie/ ev] sold 7a p]fect copy is valu$ at #e1jjj gu9eas by ,mr4 ,qu>it*73 x is ! ?ird book pr9t$1 & ! fir/ hav+ a date1 & probably only a doz5 copies 7 /ruck (f = ! use ( ! ,b5$ict9e ,mona/]y ( ,/4 ,james at ,ma9z4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 q z rem>kable = ! extraord9>y beauty ( its initial lett]s1 pr9t$ 9 r$ & blue ink1 ! lett]s be+ ( "o col\r & ! ornam5tal portion ( ! o!r4 ,! ,m>k ( ,fu/ & ,s*oeff]1 x may be m5tion$1 consi/s ( two pr9t]'s rules 9 saltaire1 on two %ields1 hang+ f a /ump1 ! two rules on ! "r %ield =m+ an angle ( #de3 ! adoption ( a compositor's sett+-rule 0 v appropriate4 ,x 0 ne>ly tw5ty ye>s be=e ! introduction ( woodcuts into books became g5]al1 ,gun!r ,za9] beg9n+ x at ,augsburg 9 #adga-adge4 ,! inception ( ?is movem5t 0 naturally foll[$ by a g5]al improvem5t1 or at all ev5ts elaboration1 ( ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k1 :i*1 moreov]1 n[ began to be pr9t$ 9 col\rs1 z is se5 9 ! ,fu/ & ,s*oeff] m>k 9 r$ :i* appe>s b5ea? ! colophon ( ,turrecremata's ,comm5t>y on ! ,psalms pr9t$ by ,s*oeff] 9 #adgd4 ,rev]t+ = a mom5t to ! ,psalt] :i* has be5 v prop]ly describ$ z 8! gr&e/ book ev] produc$ by ,typography10 a v curi\s fact n at all g5]ally kn[n may be "h po9t$ out4 ,al?\gh ! few exi/+ examples ) two dates are ( ! same edition1 !re are sev]al v curi\s v>iations :i* are well wor?y ( notice4 ,x w be only necess>y1 h[ev]1 9 ?is place to ref] to ! fact t ! beautiful example 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na--:i*1 f its spotless purity1 ,he9ek5 calls ! 8exemplaire vi]ge0--diff]s f ! o!rs 9 be+ )\t ! %ield ( ,fu/ & ,s*oeff]1 a fact :i* po9ts to ! probability ( ?is copy hav+ be5 ! fir/ /ruck (f4 ,by ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k _h assum$ or 0 rapidly assum+ an importance ( :i* its orig9al introduc]s _h v little conception4 ,inde$1 z e>ly z #aeci1 a law1 accord+ to ,dupont1 9 8 8,hi/oire de l',imprim]ie10 0 pass$ by :i* ^! m>ks or arms ( pr9t]s & booksell]s 7 protect$4 ,un=tunately ! designs 7 v r>ely sign$1 & x is n[ impossible to "n ) any degree ( c]ta9ty ei!r ! arti/ or engrav]1 bo? (fices probably 9 ! majority ( cases be+ p]=m$ by "o man4 ,!re is no d\bt :atev] t ,hans ,holbe9 design$ "s ( ! v graceful bord]s & title-pages ( ,frob51 at ,basle1 dur+ ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & 9 do+ ?is he includ$ ! graceful ,caduceus :i* ?is fam\s pr9t] employ$4 ,x does n necess>ily foll[ t he 0 ! orig9al design]1 al?\gh he 0 9 intimate association ) ,frob5 :5 ! latt] fir/ us$ ?is device4 ,! di/9ctive ,m>k ( ,crat&]1 or ,c>t&]1 :i* appe>s 9 ! edition ( ,plut>*'s 8,opuscula10 ,basel1 #aecj1 has also be5 confid5tly attribut$ to ! same arti/3 if !re is any f\ndation = ?is /atem5t ,holbe9 0 guilty ( plagi>ism1 = ?is ,m>k is a v slight modification on "o us$ by ! same pr9t] 9 #aeai1 & n only s dat$ b hav+ ! arti/'s initials1 ,i4 ,f4 ,^? :o h ! opportunity ( exam9+ ! 8,noctes ,attic0 ( ,aulus ,gellius1 pr9t$ by ,crat&] 9 #aeai1 w come ^u sev]al highly int]e/+ features 9 connection ) ?is ,m>k1 :i* is emblematical ( ,=tune3 ! elaborately engrav$ title-page conta9s an almo/ exact m9iature ( ! same idea on ei!r side1 & x is repeat$ 9 a l>g] =m 9 ! bord] :i* surr\nds ! fir/ *apt]4 ,! ,m>k occurs 9 its full size on ! la/ page ( all4 ,! title-page1 bord]s & ,m>k are all by ! same arti/1 ,i4 ,f4 ,9 ! e>li] example ! woman's hair completely hides h] face1 :il/ 9 t ( elev5 ye>s lat] x is z se5 on ! opposite page1 & ! :ole design is m c>efully f9i%$4 ,dr] _h dealt ) ! same subject4 ,9 ref]5ce to ,frob51 h[ev]1 x %\ld be po9t$ out t 8 ,m>ks1 ( :i* !re 7 sev]al1 %[ consid]able v>iation 9 _! att5dant accessories1 & t ,holbe9 c\ld n possibly h _h any?+ to d ) ! majority ( !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,frob54 1 ,prud5s simplicitas amorque recti4 ,to attempt to id5tify ! design]s ( ev5 a selection ( ! be/ ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks w\ld be b to emb>k on a wild sea ( conjecture4 ,! initials ( ! engrav]s1 :i* occur mu* m frequ5tly ?an ^? ( ! arti/s1 are ( v little assi/ance to ! id5tification ( ! latt]4 ,_m ( !m possess a vig\r & an orig9ality :i* w\ld at once /amp _! design]s z m5 ( m ?an ord9>y ability4 ,= picturesqu5ess1 & = ! c>e & att5tion paid to ! m9ute/ details1 x may be d\bt$ if ei!r ,b4 ,pic>t 9 ,france1 or ,j4 ,p9e 9 ?is c\ntry1 has ev] be5 excell$4 ,! examples ( ! =m] come p]haps m 9 ! category ( vignettes ?an ( ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks1 al?\gh ! *>m+ little pictures on ! title-pages ( ,/os*'s 8,pi]res ,antiques ,graves10 #agbd1 ! 8,impo/ures ,innoc5tes10 #agcd1 & ! edition ( ,cic]o's 8,epi/ol10 pr9t$ at ! ,hague by ,isaac ,vaillant1 #agbe1--to m5tion only ?ree ( _m--may be conv5i5tly reg>d$ z ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks4 ,s f> z we "k1 ,p9e only execut$ "o example1--repres5t+ a ,lamb )9 a clev]ly design$ c>t\*e--& ?is appe>s on ! title-page ( ,dale's ,translation ( ,fre9d's 8,emm5ologia10 pr9t$ = ,t4 ,cox1 8at ! ,lamb "u ! ,royal ,ex*ange10 #agbi3 9 its way x is unque/ionably ! mo/ p]fect ,m>k t has ev] be5 employ$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,any rule diff]5tiat+ ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k prop] f a vignette is n likely to give g5]al satisfaction2 = a writ] on ! subject ( vignettes w unfail+ly appropriate _m t are ,m>ks1 & vice v]sa4 ,! pres5t writ] has f\nd x a fairly safe rule1 to accept z a ,m>k a pictorial embelli%m5t 7on a title-page7 to :i* is app5d$ a motto or quotation4 ,! temptation to p]suade oneself t sev]al ( ^! vignettes are ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks ne$s a good deal ( resi/+1 especially :5 su* an exquisite example z t ( ,daniel ,b>?olomu & ,son1 ( ,ulm1 is 9 "q4 ,! same holds good ) sev]al ( ! doz5 us$ by ,j4 ,re9hold ,dulsseck]1 ,/rassburg1 ab\t ! latt] "p ( ! sev5te5? & e>li] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury2 & v _m o!rs t might be nam$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,crat&]',s ,,m>k4 7,attribut$ to ,holbe947 ,illu/ration3 ,t4 ,,cox4 ,i ,p9e ,sculpt ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,r4 ,,dulsseck]4 ,,dom9us ,,providebit4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k prec$$ ! introduction ( ! title-page by ne>ly tw5ty ye>s1 & t ! fir/ ornam5tal title kn[n appe>$ 9 ! 8,cal5d>0 ( ,regiomontanus1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice by ,pictor1 ,loesle9 & ,ratdolt 9 #adgf1 9 folio4 ,nei!r ! simple nor ! ornate title-page secur$ an imm$iate or g5]al popul>ity1 & n = _m ye>s 0 x reg>d$ z an ess5tial feature ( a pr9t$ volume4 ,its hi/ory is intimately associat$ ) t ( ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k1 & ! progress ( ! "o syn*ronizes up to a c]ta9 po9t ) t ( ! o!r4 ,9 beauty ( design & engrav+1 ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k1 l ! ,title-page1 atta9$ its highe/ po9t ( arti/ic excell5ce 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,?is p]haps is n altoge!r surpris+ :5 x is rememb]$ t dur+ ! fir/ tw5ty ye>s ( t p]iod we h title-pages f ! h&s ( ,dr]1 ,holbe91 ,we*tl91 ,urse ,graff1 ,s*auffele9 & ,crana*4 ,9 8 excell5t "w entitl$ 8,la/ ,words on ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,title-,page10 ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,poll>d obs]ves 8,f #aeej onw>ds we f9d beauty 9 nooks & corn]s4 ,"h & !re ov] "s special book an arti/ w h lab\r$1 & n 9 va92 b save = su* /ray miracles1 z decade succe$s decade1 good "w becomes r>] & r>]1 & at la/ we le>n to look only = c>elessness1 ill-ta/e1 & c>icature1 & ( ^! are seldom disappo9t$40 ,^! rem>ks apply ) equal =ce to ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k1 al?\gh "s exceptionally beautiful examples appe>$ aft] t p]iod4 ,! position allott$ to ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k may n be ( v great importance1 b x (f]s "s po9ts ( int]e/4 ,x appe>$ fir/ 9 ! colophon1 9 :i* ! pr9t] usually seiz$ ! opportunity n only ( ?ank+ ,god t he _h f9i%$ 8 task1 b ( indulg+ 9 a little puff ei!r ( 8 own "p ( ! transaction or ( ! "w itself4 ,! appe>ance ( ! ,m>k 9 ! colophon !re=e 0 a natural coroll>y ( ! pr9t]'s vanity4 ,x soon outgrew its place ( conf9em5t2 & :5 a pictorial effect 0 attempt$ x became promot$1 z x 71 to ! title-page4 ,9 ?is position x 0 ne>ly always ( a prim>y "*1 s to speak1 b sometimes1 z 9 ! case ( ,re9h>d ,beck1 x 0 almo/ lo/ 9 ! maze ( decorative bord]s4 ,b x is f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! pr9t$ book3 9 "s cases1 among :i* are ! ,arabic works issu$ by ,erp5ius ( ,leyd51 we f9d ! ,m>k at :at we reg>d z ! beg9n+ ( ! book1 b :i* 9 reality is its end4 ,sometimes ! ,m>k occupies ! fir/ & la/ leaves ( a book1 z 0 (t5 ! case ) ! m important works issu$ by ,frob51 by ! bro!rs ,huguetan & o!rs4 ,^! two ,m>ks at ! extreme portions ( a book ei!r diff]$ f "o ano!r or n1 accord+ to ! fancy or conv5i5ce ( ! pr9t]4 ,! ,m>k also appe>$ sometimes at ! end ( ! index1 or at ! end ( ! prelim9>y matt]1 su* z li/ ( cont5ts or address ( ! au?or1 & its position 0 g5]ally det]m9$ by sev]al circum/ances4 ,illu/ration3 ,,re9h>d ,,beck4 ,n[ & !n we h :at may be describ$ z a d\ble ,m>k2 t is1 ( pr9t] & booksell]1 ! "o keep+ a %>p look out to see t ! o!r did n h m ?an 8 fair %>e ( cr$it4 ,?is is ! case ) sev]al books pr9t$ by ,jehan ,petit = ,?ielman ,k]v]1 ,p>is1 ( :i* an example is giv5 9 ! previ\s *apt]2 ,wynkyn de ,worde us$ ,caxton's initials = a "t on 8 ,m>k1 b ! only motive :i* c\ld h prompt$ ?is 0 an affectionate reg>d = 8 ma/]4 ,"s ( ! books :i* ,jannot ,de ,campis pr9t$ at ,lyons = ,symon ,v9c5t conta9$ n only ! pr9t]'s1 b two examples ( ! booksell]'s ,m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hub]t ,,goltz4 ,,hvb]tas ,,avrea ,,saecli ,decoration ,,! ,,pr9t]',s ,,m>k ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,walt] ,,lynne4 ,! consid]ation ( ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k z an in/itution 9 ?is c\ntry is *>act]iz$ by extreme simplicity1 bo? z to its orig9 & to its design4 ,f an entry 9 "o ( ! ,bag=d volumes 7,h>leian ,,mss4 #eiaj7 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 we le>n t 8rebuses or "n devices 7 br\ght into ,engl& aft] ,edw>d ,,iii4 _h conqu]$ ,france3 !y 7 us$ by ^? :o _h no arms1 & if _! names end$ 9 ,ton1 z ,hatton1 ,b\lton1 ,luton1 ,grafton1 ,middleton1 ,seton1 ,norton1 _! signs or devices w\ld be a ,hat & a tun1 a ,b\lt & a tun1 a ,lute & a tun1 etc41 :i* _h no ref]5ce to _! names1 = all names end+ 9 ,ton signifie? t[n1 f :5ce !y took _! names40 ,ev5 9 ,engl&1 !re=e1 ! m]*ant's trade device 0 ! direct s\rce ( ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k1 :i* x ant$at$ by ov] a c5tury4 ,x w be conv5i5t1 fir/ ( all1 to expla9 t ! fir/ pr9t+-press 9 ,engl& 0 t ( ,william ,caxton at ,we/m9/]1 ^: fir/ book 0 issu$ f ?is place ,novemb] #ah1 #adgg2 ! second 0 t ( ,!odoricus de ,rood1 at ,ox=d1 ! fir/ book dat$ ,decemb] #ag1 #adgh2 ! ?ird 0 t ( ! unkn[n pr9t] at ,/4 ,albans1 #adhj1 & ! f\r? 0 t ( ,john ,lett\1 9 ! city ( ,london1 #adhj1 ! la/-nam$ be+ soon jo9$ by ,william de ,ma*l9ia1 :o aft]w>ds c>ri$ on ! bus9ess alone4 ,! e>lie/ phases ( wood-engrav+ employ$ at "o or o!r ( ^! f\r di/9ct h\ses 7 ei!r initial lett]s or bord]s ar\nd ! page4 ,at ,caxton's press1 z ! late ,h5ry ,brad%aw has po9t$ out 9 a pap] read be=e ! ,cambridge ,antiqu>ian ,society1 ,febru>y #be1 #ahfg1 simple initials are f\nd 9 ! ,indulg5ces ( #adhj & #adha2 at ! ,ox=d press an elaborate bord] ( f\r pieces1 repres5t+ birds & fl[]s1 is f\nd 9 "s copies ( ! two books pr9t$ !re 9 ,octob]1 #adha1 & ,july1 #adhb4 ,( illu/rations 9 ! text1 we f9d a s]ies ( diagrams & a s]ies ( elev5 cuts illu/rat+ ! text ( ! fir/ edition ( 8,! ,mirror ( ! ,_w10 #adha2 a s]ies ( sixte5 cuts to ! second edition ( 8,! ,game ( ,*esse ,moralis$10 #adhc2 & two works ( ! foll[+ ye>1 8,! ,fables ( ,esop0 & ! fir/ edition ( 8,! ,gold5 ,leg5d10 ea* conta9s n only a l>ge cut = ! frontispiece1 b 9 ! case ( ! =m]1 a s]ies ( #ahe cuts1 &1 9 ! latt]1 two s]ies ( eighte5 l>ge & fifty-two small cuts4 ,at ! ,ox=d press only two books are kn[n ) woodcut illu/rations1 9 nei!r case cut = ! "w2 at ! ,/4 ,albans press ! only kn[n illu/rations 9 ! text are ! coats-(-arms f\nd 9 ! 8,book ( ,hawk+1 ,hunt+ & ,coat-,arm\rs10 #adhf2 at ! press ( ,lett\ & ,w4 de ,ma*l9ia !re is no trace ( illu/rations4 ,^! few introductory facts1 cond5s$ f ,mr4 ,brad%aw's pap] above m5tion$1 h a di/9ct int]e/ to u z lead+ up to ! employm5t ( ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k4 ,x is c]ta9ly curi\s t at ,caxton's press ! v famili> device 0 only fir/ us$ ab\t ,*ri/mas1 #adhi1 9 ! second folio edition ( ! ,s>um 8,ord9ale40 ,at fir/ ?is bold & effective m>k 0 us$1 z 9 ! 8,ord9ale10 ! 8,dictes ( ! ,philosoph]s10 & 9 ! 8,hi/ory ( ,reynaud ! ,fox10 at or close to ! beg9n+ ( ! volume4 ,9 ,caxton's subsequ5t books x is always f\nd at ! end4 ,at ! ,/4 ,albans press ! device ) 8,sanctus ,albanus0 is f\nd 9 two ( ! eight books pr9t$ !re1 8,! ,engli% ,*ronicle10 #adhc1 :]e x is pr9t$ 9 r$1 & 9 8,! ,book ( ,hawk+10 etc41 #adhf2 x is =m$ ( a globe & d\ble cross1 !re be+ 9 ! c5tre a %ield ) a ,/4 ,&rew's cross4 ,s f> z reg>ds ,caxton's device1 x is easi] to "n ! books 9 :i* x appe>$ ?an to expla9 its exact mean+4 ,! late ,william ,blades accepts ! common int]pretation ( 8,w4 ,c4 #gd40 ,"s bibliograph]s argue t ! date ref]s to ! introduction ( pr9t+ 9 ,engl&1 & quote ! colophon ( ! fir/ edition ( ! 8,*ess0 book 9 support ( ?is !ory4 ,b ! date ( ?is "w ref]s to ! translation & n to ! pr9t+1 :i* 0 execut$ at ,bruges1 probably 9 #adgf4 ,caxton did n settle at ,we/m9/] until late 9 t ye>1 & possibly n until #adgg4 ,9 all probability ! date1 suppos+ x to be su*1 & assum+ t x is an abbreviation ( #adgd1 ref]s to "s l&m>k 9 our pr9t]'s c>e]4 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,a4 ,madd51 9 8 8,lettres d'un ,bibliophile10 expresses x z 8 op9ion t ! two small lett]s outside ! 8,w4 #gd ,c0 are an abbreviation ( ! words 8,sancta ,colonia10 an indication t a notable ev5t 9 ! life ( ,caxton occurr$ 9 #adgd at ,cologne4 ,ames1 ,h]b]t1 & o!rs h copi$ a device :i* ,caxton nev] us$3 x is mu* small] ?an ! g5u9e "o 7:i*1 9 o!r respects1 x closely resembles7 :i* we reproduce f ,b]jeau4 ,! op9ion t ! int]lacem5t is a trade m>k is1 ,mr4 ,blades po9ts out 9 8 exhau/ive 8,life10 mu* /r5g!n$ by ! discov]y ( its orig9al use4 ,9 #adhg1 ,caxton1 wi%+ to pr9t a ,s>um ,missal1 & n hav+ ! types prop] = ! purpose1 s5t to ,p>is1 :]e ! book 0 pr9t$ = him by ,g4 ,maynyal1 :o 9 ! colophon /ates di/9ctly t he pr9t$ x at ! exp5se ( ,william ,caxton ( ,london4 ,:5 ! pr9t$ %eets rea*$ ,we/m9/]1 ,caxton1 wi%+ to make x q pla9 t he 0 ! publi%]1 engrav$ 8 design & pr9t$ x on ! la/ page1 :i* happ5$ to be blank4 ,mr4 ,blades gives #adhg z ! ye> 9 :i* ?is ,missal 7( :i* only "o copy is kn[n7 0 pr9t$1 b ,mr4 ,brad%aw puts x at #adhi4 ,! =m] enum]ates twelve books pr9t$ by ,caxton 9 :i* 8 device occurs--all rang+ f ! a=esaid ,missal to ! ye> #adia1 ! date ( 8 dea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,caxton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/4 ,,albans ,,pr9t]4 ,wynkyn de ,worde1 a native ( ,lorra9e1 :o 0 ) ,caxton at ,bruges or ,cologne1 c>ri$ on ! bus9ess ( 8 ma/] at ,we/m9/] until #adii1 :5 he remov$ to ! sign ( ! ,gold5 ,sun1 ,fleet ,/reet1 ,london4 ,he _h n9e ,m>ks1 ! e>lie/ ( :i* is (t5 describ$ z "o ( ,caxton's1 f ! g5u9e example ( :i*1 z we h already /at$1 x diff]s 9 be+ small]1 ) a diff]5t bord]1 & 9 hav+ a fl\ri% ins]t$ above & bel[ ! lett]s4 ,! second is an elongat$ v>iation ( ,no4 #a1 ) ! "n ,wynkyn de ,worde on a n>r[ :ite space b5ea? ! device4 ,! next f\r devices are m or less elaborations ^u t ( :i* we give a reproduction2 ! sev5? is ! ,sagitt>ius device 9 black ) :ite *>act]s3 betwe5 ! sagitt>ii is se5 ! sun & flam+ />s1 & bel[ ! initials 8,w ,c0 9 ,roman lett]s1 ) ! "n ,wynkyn de ,worde at ! foot2 ! eigh? is a picturesque ,m>k copi$ f "o belong+ to ,frob51 ) ! omission ( "p ( ! backgr\nd2 x consi/s ( a semicircul> ar*1 support$ by %ort-wrea!d pill>s1 ) foliat$ capitals1 pl9?s & bases3 on ! top ( ea* is a boy habit$ l a soldi]1 ) a spe> & %ield b5d+ =w>ds2 a l>ge c>t\*e ,g]man %ield is support$ by ?ree boys4 ,! n9? ,m>k ( ?is pr9t] 0 a l>ge & h&some "o1 be+ a royal & h]aldic device :i* ,wynkyn de ,worde us$ z a frontispiece to ! ,acts ( ,p>liam5t1 9 ! =m ( an upright p>allelogram :i* encloses a species ( ar*$ panel or doorway1 =m$ ( ?ree l9es1 imitat+ clu/]$ columns & ,go?ic m\ld+s1 & two l>ge squ>e %ields1 t on ! left *>g$ ) ?ree fleurs-de-lys = ,france1 & ! o!r be>+ ,france & ,engl& qu>t]ly1 ea* ( :i* is surm\nt$ by a cr[n4 ,= a v m9ute description ( ^! ,m>ks1 & _! v>iations1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ,johnson's 8,typographia10 & ,bigmore & ,wyman's 8,bibliography ( ,pr9t+10 ! =m] ( :om enum]ates #daj books :i* issu$ f ?is press4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wynkyn ,,de ,,worde4 wynkyn de worde ,w ,c ,illu/ration3 ,r4 ,,pynson4 ,ry*>d ,pynson ,illu/ration3 ,r4 ,,pynson4 ,r ,ri*>d ,pynson ,among ! #bjj odd books :i* ,ri*>d ,pynson pr9t$ betwe5 #adic & #aebg1 we f9d six ,m>ks 7besides v>iants71 ( :i* five are v simil>1 & ( ^! we give two examples1 ! small] be+ "o ( ! e>lie/1 9 :i* x w be notic$ t ! draw+ is mu* inf]ior to ! l>g] example2 ! six? ,m>k is a s+ul> "o1 consi/+ ( a l>ge upright p>allelogram surr\nd$ by a s+le /\t l9e1 )9 :i* are ! scroll1 support]s1 %ield & cyph]1 cre/1 helmet & mantl+1 & ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 & 9 _m o!r p>ticul>s diff]+ f ! o!r five examples4 ,rob]t ,r$man1 :o1 aft] qu>rell+ ) ,ri*>d ,pynson1 & app>5tly succe$+ him 9 bus9ess1 employ$ a device almo/ id5tical ) t :i* ,pynson mo/ frequ5tly us$1 & to :i* !re=e we ne$ n fur!r ref]4 ,9 *ronological sequ5ce ! next ,engli% pr9t] :o employ$ a device is ,julian ,not>y1 :o 0 pr9t+ books = ab\t tw5ty ye>s subsequ5t to #adih1 fir/ at ,we/m9/]1 !n ne> ,temple ,b>1 & f9ally 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d4 ,he _h two devices 7( :i* !re are a v few v>iations71 ( :i* we give ! m important4 ,! o!r has only "o /\t black l9e1 & n two1 & x has also ! ,lat9iz$ =m ( ! "n--,julianus ,not>ius4 ,ab\t two doz5 diff]5t works ( ?is pr9t] are kn[n to bibliograph]s4 ,9 connection ) ,not>y1 we may "h conv5i5tly ref] to an int]e/+1 b admitt$ly inconclusive article :i* appe>s 9 ,! ,libr>y1 i41 pp4 #ajb-e1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,gordon ,duff1 9 :i* t able bibliograph] publi%es ! discov]y ( two books :i* w\ld po9t to ! exi/5ce ( an unrecord$ ,engli% pr9t] ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,"o ( ^! has ! title ( 8,que/iones ,alb]ti de modis signific&i10 & ! o!r1 ( :i* only a fragm5t is kn[n to exi/1 is a ,s>um 8,hor10 :i* is dat$ #adig4 ,9 ! colophons ( nei!r does ! "n ( ! pr9t] transpire1 b 8 ,m>k is giv5 9 bo?--9 ! =m] book 9 black1 & 9 ! latt] 9 r$4 ,?is m>k is id5tical ) ,not>y's1 ) ?is important exception1 t1 :]eas 9 ,not>y's device 8 "n occurs 9 ! l[] half ( ! device1 9 ^! ! l[] half is occupi$ by ! initials ,i4 ,h41 & ! upp] half by ! initials ,i ,n ,b1 ! ,i ,n be+ 9 ! =m ( a monogram1 & n di/9ct4 ,9 #adih ?is same block 0 us$ on ! title-page ( ! ,s>um 8,missal10 pr9t$ by ,not>y1 :o alt]$ x to suit 8 own requirem5ts4 ,we _c foll[ ,mr4 ,gordon ,duff 9 8 conjectures z to ! probability ( :o ?is unkn[n pr9t] may h be51 b ! matt] is "o ( great bibliographical int]e/4 ,william ,faques1 :o 0 ! ,k+'s ,pr9t]1 & :o is kn[n to h issu$ sev5 books betwe5 #adii & #aejh1 _h only "o ,m>k1 :i* is totally diff]5t f ^? ( any ( 8 pr$ecessors1 z may be se5 f ! example giv5 on page #af1 :]e w also be f\nd ref]5ces to ! s\rces ( ! scriptural quotations on ! :ite & black triangles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,julian ,,not>y4 ,i ,n ,iulyan ,not>y ,! extreme r>ity ( ?is pr9t]'s books w be be/ und]/ood :5 x is /at$ t !re are only two examples 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 "o ( ^! is a 8,psalt]10 #aejd4 ,) ,w4 ,faques we exhau/ ! fifte5? c5tury pr9t]s :o employ$ m>ks to di/+ui% ! productions ( _! presses4 ,illu/ration3 ,r4 ,,fawkes4 ,r ,f ,ri*>d ,fakes ,not)/&+ ! simil>ity 9 _! surnames x is n at all c]ta9 t ,ri*>d ,fawkes 7#aeji-aecj71 :o also appe>s z ,faukes1 ,fakes1 & ,faques1 0 relat$ to ! la/-m5tion$ pr9t]4 ,8 books are n[ ( excessive r>ity4 ,! unicorn 7reg>dant on ei!r side ( ! device7 appe>s = ! fir/ "t 9 an ,engli% m>k4 ,h5ry ,pepwell 7#aeje-aeci71 ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 0 a booksell] r ?an a pr9t]1 & all 8 e>li] books 7 pr9t$ 9 ,p>is2 8 ,m>k1 9 :i* occurs ! h]aldic device repres5t+ ! ,tr9ity1 0 sugge/$ by ! sign ( 8 %op4 ,! mo/ important example ( ! ?irty books :i* issu$ f ! little-kn[n press ( ,pet] ,trev]is1 :o 0 app>5tly putt+ =? books f #aead to #aece1 is 8,! ,grete h]ball :i*e geve? p>fyt kn[lege & under/&+ ( all man] ( h]bes10 etc41 #aebf1 a f9ely pr9t$ folio 78at ! signe ( ! ,wod[s071 ( :i* a second edition appe>$ 9 #aebi4 ,! e>li] edition conta9s1 on ! recto ( ! six? leaf1 a full-page woodcut ( ! human skeleton1 ) anatomical explanations1 :il/ ! la/ leaf conta9s a full-page woodcut ( ! pr9t]'s ,m>k1 ) ! impr9t at ! foot4 ,h]b]t supposes t ! sign ( ! 8,wod[s10 m5tion$ by ,trev]is 9 ! colophon1 might possibly be put = wode hommes or wild m51 & alludes to ! support]s us$ 9 ! device4 ,trev]is pr9t$ = sev]al booksell]s1 notably ,john ,reyves1 ( ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 & = ,lawr5ce ,&rewe1 ( ,fleet ,/reet4 ,9 ?is pr9t]'s ,m>k1 & 9 fact ne>ly e o!r sixte5? c5tury example1 !re is a v evid5t ,fr5* influ5ce1 :il/ _m ( ! examples are ! mo/ transp>5t imitations ( ,m>ks us$ by =eign pr9t]s4 ,( ! ?ree us$ by ,john ,scott or ,skot1 :o 0 pr9t+ books f ab\t #aeba to #aecg1 two 7 m]e copies ( ! ,m>ks us$ by ,d5is ,roce ( ,p>is4 ,we give an illu/ration ( "o example2 ! second is ( ! same design1 b ) a v ri* /ellat$ backgr\nd1 & ! motto1 8,a l'av5ture1 t\t vi5t a po9t qui peut att5dre40 ,8 own device 0 an exce$+ly simple long /rip1 ) ! lett]s ,iohn ,skot 9 antique ,roman *>act]s4 ,an example ( ! la/ m>k w be f\nd 9 8,! ,gold5 ,letanye 9 ,englys%e10 pr9t$ by ,skot 9 8,fau/] ,l&1 9 ,saynt ,leon>des p>ys%e02 b examples ( ?is press are excessively r>e1 only "o1 8,?y/ory ( ,jacob & 8 ,,xii ,sones10 f\rte5 leaves1 9 v]se1 & pr9t$ ab\t #aebe1 be+ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & ano!r tract1 8,! ,ros>y10 #aecg1 be+ 9 ! ,al?orp ,libr>y n[ transf]r$ to ,man*e/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pet] ,,trev]is4 ,p ,t ,,petrvs ,,trev]is ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,scott4 ,i ,s ,,iohn ,,scott ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,copl&4 ,melius e/ nom5 bonum quam diuitie mnlte4 ,pr\4 xxu4 ,r ,,rob]t ,,copl& ,rob]t ,copl&1 :o 0 a b5eficiaire & pupil ( ,wynkyn de ,worde1 0 a translator z well z a pr9t] & /ation]1 & 8 %op 0 at ! sign ( ! ,rose ,g>l& 9 ,fleet ,/reet4 ,al?\gh he c>ri$ on bus9ess f #aeae to ab\t #aedh1 only a few ( 8 books are n[ kn[n1 none ( :i* appe> to be 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! majority 7 purely ephem]al4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ phase ( ?is pr9t]'s c>e] occurs 9 connection ) "o or two books pr9t$ by ,wynkyn de ,worde1 notably 8,! ,assembly ( ,f\les10 #aecj1 at ! end ( :i* is 8,l5voy ( ,rob]t ,copl& boke prynt]10 "o ( ! ?ree v]ses runn+ ?us3 8,layde ^u %elfe1 9 leues all torne ,) ,lett]s1 dymme1 almo/ defac$ cleane ,?y hyllynge rote1 ) wormes all to worne ,?\ lay1 t pyte x 0 to s5e ,b\nde ) olde quayres1 = ages all hoorse & gr5e ,?y mat] endorm$1 = lacke ( ?y pres5ce ,b n[e arte los$1 g %ewe =? ?y s5t5ce40 ,! ?ree ,m>ks ( ,copl& make allusion to ! roses :i* appe>$ z a sign to 8 %op4 ,! mo/ elaborate design is an upright p>allelogram )9 :i* appe>s a fl\ri%+ tree spr++ out ( ! e>?1 & support+ a %ield susp5d$ f its bran*es by a belt & surr\nd$ by a wrea? ( roses2 on ! left-h& side is a h9d reg>dant coll>$ ) a ducal coronet /&+ z a support]1 & on ! "r is a h>t 9 a simil> position & ) ! same decorations2 !re are f\r scrolls surr\nd+ ! c5tre-piece1 on ! top "o is 8,melius e/10 on ! "r-h& "o 8nom5 bonum10 on ! bottom "o 8q diuitie10 & on ! left-h& "o 8multe4 ,pr\4 xxii10 i4e4 8,a good "n is bett] ?an mu* ri*es40 ,! second device1 ( :i* we also give an example1 is self-explanatory1 & is p]haps ! m orig9al4 ,x has also an additional int]e/ f ! fact t x 0 us$ by ,william ,copl&1 #aedi-aefa1 :o 0 probably a son ( ,rob]t1 & :o simply alt]$ ! m>k to ! ext5t ( sub/itut+ 8 own ,*ri/ian "n = t ( ,rob]t 9 ! scroll at ! bottom ( ! device4 ,ov] sixty books by ?is pr9t] are describ$ by bibliograph]s1 & _m ( !m are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,rob]t ,wy]1 ^: %op 0 at ! sign ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's p>i%1 9 ! r5ts ( ! ,bi%op ( ,norwi*1 ne> ,*>+ ,cross1 0 ano!r pr9t] ^: works 7 m rem>kable = _! numb] ?an = _! typographic excell5ce4 ,8 e>lie/ dat$ "w is ! 8,expositiones ,t]m9>um ,legum ,anglorum10 #aebg1 & 8 late/ 8,a ,dyalogue ,def5syue = ,wom510 #aedb1 b z to ne>ly sixty o!rs ( 8 works no date is atta*$1 he may h comm5c$ e>li] ?an ! fir/ date & cont9u$ aft] ! second4 ,! m>ks ( ,wy] consi/$ ( two or ?ree repres5tations ( ,/4 ,john ! ,div9e writ+1 att5d$ by an eagle hold+ ! inkhorn2 he is seat$ on a rock 9 ! middle ( ! sea int5d$ to repres5t ! ,isle ( ,patmos4 ,laur5s1 or ,lawr5ce1 ,&rewe1 by ,ames /at$ to be a native ( ,calais1 pr9t$ a few books dur+ ! ?ird decade ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & resid$ ne> ! ea/]n end ( ,fleet ,/reet at ! sign ( ! ,gold5 ,cross4 ,8 ,m>k consi/$ ( a %ield :i* is conta9$ )9 a v rudely cut p>allelogram2 ! escut*eon is support$ by a wrea? b5ea? an ornam5tal ar*1 & betwe5 two curv$ pill>s design$ 9 ! e>ly ,italian /yle1 ) a backgr\nd =m$ ( co>se horizontal l9es4 ,?ree ( 8 books are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! ,museum possesses only "o book ) ! impr9t ( ,&rew ,he/]1 :o 0 a booksell] ( ! 8,:ite ,horse10 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur* ,y>d1 & ?is is an edition ( ,cov]dale's ,bible1 8newly ov]s5e & correcte10 :i* appe>s to h be5 pr9t$ = him by ,fros*ov]1 ( ,zuri*1 #aeej4 ,among ,engli% ,m>ks ( ! p]iod1 ,he/]'s possesses ! m]it ( be+ orig9al4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,copl&4 ,r ,c ,rob]t ,copl&e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,wy]4 ,,rob]t ,,wy] ,illu/ration3 ,,&rew ,,he/]4 ,s ,e ,,ah ,r ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,b]!let4 ,,lvcrecia ,,romana ,,?omas ,,b]!letvs ,"o ( ! mo/ prolific ( ! pr9t]s ( ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury 0 ,?omas ,b]!let1 :o succe$$ ,pynson 9 ! (fice ( ,k+'s ,pr9t]1 at a sal>y ( #d ye>ly1 & :o 7or 8 imm$iate successors1 = he di$ at ! end ( #aeee7 issu$ books f #aebh to #aefh1 ( :i* ne>ly #aej are kn[n to bibliograph]s1 sixty be+ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,8 %op 0 at ! sign ( ! 8,lucretia ,romana10 a *>m+ engrav+--! mo/ c>efully execut$ ( its k9d us$ 9 ?is c\ntry up to t "t--( :i*1 ) 8 own "n on a scroll1 he us$ z a ,m>k4 ,sev]al ( 8 books 7 pr9t$ 9 ,p>is4 ,he issu$ a l>ge numb] ( works 9 classical lit]ature1 & among ! m notable ( 8 publications 7 ,*alon]'s translation ( ,erasmus's 8,praise ( ,folly10 #aedi1 ,g[]'s 8,de ,confessione ,amantis10 & ! 8,in/itution ( a ,*ri/5 ,man10 ) a woodcut bord] to ! title by ,holbe94 ,john ,byddell1 o!rwise ,salisbury1 #aecc-dd1 0 ano!r pr9t] ^: ,m>k 0 d]iv$ f ! sign ( ! %op 9 :i* he c>ri$ on bus9ess1 namely1 8,our ,lady ( ,pity10 next ,fleet ,bridge1 b he aft]w>ds remov$ to ! ,sun ne> ! ,conduit1 :i* 0 probably ! old resid5ce ( ,wynkyn de ,worde1 = :om he 0 an executor4 ,! ,lady ( ,pity is p]sonifi$ z an angel ) out/ret*$ w+s1 hold+ two elegant horns or tor*es1 ! left ( :i* is p\r+ out a k9d ( /ream t]m9at+ 9 drops1 & is m>k$ on ! side ) ! ^w 8,gratia02 t on ! "r conta9s fire & is lett]$ 8,*>itas03 ! l[] ends ( ^! horns are re/$ by ! angel ^u two rude heat] %ields1 on ! left ( :i* is inscrib$ 8,johan ,byddell1 ,pr9t]10 & on ! o!r is a m>k :i* includes ! pr9t]'s initials2 r\nd ! head ( ! figure are ! words1 8,virtus beatos efficit40 ,?is is m]ely a copy ( "o ( ! ,m>ks us$ by ,j4 ,sacon1 a ,lyonese pr9t]1 #adih-aebb4 ,byddell's books 7 di/9ctly 9 keep+ ) ! s]i\sness ( 8 sign1 & among o!rs we f9d su* titles z 8,news out ( ,hell10 #aecf1 8,olde ,god & ! ,newe10 #aecd1 8,common ,places ( ,scripture10 #aech1 etc41 besides two 8,prim]s40 ,?omas ,vautrolli]1 :o pr9t$ books at ,ed9burgh & ,london f ab\t #aeff to #afje1 _h f\r ,m>ks1 9 all ( :i* an an*or is susp5d$ f ! cl\ds1 & two leafy b\ghs tw9$1 ) ! motto 8,an*ora ,spei10 & ) a framework :i* is id5tical ) t ( ,gu>9us1 ( ,basle4 ,vautrolli] 0 a native ( ,france2 ne>ly all 8 books 7 9 ,lat94 ,9 #aehd he pr9t$ an edition ( ,giordano ,bruno's 8,spaccio de la ,be/ia ,trionfante10 ) a d$ication to ,sir ,philip ,sidney1 & = :i* he _h to flee ! c\ntry1 = ! impr9t1 8,/ampato 9 ,p>igi10 0 an obvi\s & unsuccessful attempt to hoodw9k ! au?orities4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> he pr9t$ at ,ed9burgh 8,a ,decl>ation ( ! ,k+s ,maje/ies int5tion & mean+ t[>d ! lait ,actis ( ,p>liam5t40 ,j4 ,norton1 #aeic-afaj1 also us$ ! same ,m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,byddell4 ,i ,b ,,iohan ,,byddell4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,vautrolli]4 ,,an*ora ,,spei4 ,ri*>d ,grafton1 #aecg-gb1 :o 0 a s*ol> & an au?or1 is "o ( ! be/ kn[n ( ! sixte5? c5tury pr9t]s1 &1 al?\gh he issu$ a l>ge numb] ( books1 conf9$ himself to a s+le ,m>k1 :i* 0 a rebus or pun ^u 8 "n4 ,grafton 0 = sev]al ye>s 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,edw>d ,:it*ur*e1 & also ) ,john ,butl]4 ,! mo/ important works accompli%$ by ! two fir/ nam$ 7 ! fir/ issue ( ! ,great or ,cromwell's ,bible1 #aeci1 & ,cov]dale's v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 #aech-i1 9 ,lat9 & ,engli%2 ! latt] be+ p>tly pr9t$ 9 ,p>is by ,regnault1 & complet$ 9 ,london3 z ne>ly ! entire impression 0 burnt by ord] ( ! ,inquisition1 x is ( great r>ity & value4 ,grafton1 :o 0 pr9t] to ,edw>d ,,vi4 bo? be=e & aft] 8 accession to ! ?rone1 issu$ a magnific5t edition ( ,halle's 8,*ronicle10 #aedh1 & an 8,abridgem5t ( ! ,*ronicles0 by himself 9 #aefb1 :i* 9 t5 ye>s rea*$ a f\r? edition4 ,grafton f\nd pr9t+ a mu* m haz>d\s call+ ?an ! groc]y bus9ess to :i* he _h be5 br\ght up1 = he 0 con/antly 9 difficulties1 :i* on "o occasion ne>ly co/ him 8 life4 ,! idea :i* f\nd expression 9 ,grafton's ,m>k naturally sugge/$ itself to ,william ,middleton1 or ,myddleton1 #aebe-dg1 :o succe$$ to ! bus9ess ( ,rob]t ,r$man1 & issu$ books f ! sign ( ! 8,george next to ,/4 ,dun/an's ,*ur* 9 ,fleet ,/reet40 ,he _h two devices1 ( :i* we give ! l>g] & m important3 9 ! small] ! %ield is support$ on ei!r side by an angel4 ,ab\t =ty ( ,william ,middleton's books h be5 describ$1 "o ( ! mo/ notable be+ ,john ,heywood's 8,f\r ,p's1 a v m]ry ,ent]lude ( a ,palm]1 a ,p>don]1 a ,potic>y1 & a ,p$l]40 ,reg9ald or ,reynold ,wolfe1 #aedb-gc1 0 ! ,k+'s ,pr9t] & a le>n$ antiqu>y4 ,wolfe 0 probably ( =eign extraction1 = !re 7 sev]al e>ly sixte5? c5tury pr9t]s ( ! same surname 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,switz]l&4 ,8 pr9t+-(fice 0 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 at ! sign ( ! ,braz5 ,s]p5t1 :i* emblem he us$ z a device1 a subject :i*1 z we h already se51 0 frequ5tly employ$ = a simil> purpose abroad4 ,wolfe's o!r device1 ( :i* !re are two sizes1 consi/$ ( an elegant c>t\*e ,g]man %ield1 on :i* is repres5t$ a fruit-tree & two boys1 "o ( :om is draw+ d[n ! fruit ) a /ick1 :il/ ! o!r is tak+ x up (f ! gr\nd4 ,ov] sixty books h be5 catalogu$ z ! "w ( ,reg9ald ,wolfe4 ,john ,wolfe1 orig9ally a fi%mong]1 />t$ pr9t+ ab\t #aefj1 & f t ye> until #afja we h an almo/ cont9u\s /ream ( 8 books1 on a v great v>iety ( subjects4 ,l sev]al o!rs ( ! e>ly pr9t]s1 he 0 9 con/ant w>f>e ) ! au?orities1 ^: rules & re/rictions ( ! press 7 a s\rce ( ev]-recurr+ annoyances4 ,he appe>s to h _h z mu* difficulty 9 manag+ 8 8au?ors0 z ) ! ,/ation]s' ,company1 = he is ref]r$ to m ?an once 9 v uncomplim5t>y t]ms 9 ! ,m>t9 ,m>prelate tracts ( ! p]iod4 ,! ,m>k "h reproduc$ f ,b]jeau repres5ts a fleur-de-lys se$l+ support$ by two savages1 ) ! motto 8,ubique ,floret40 ,john ,day1 #aedf-hd1 is und\bt$ly "o ( ! be/ kn[n & mo/ prolific ( ! sixte5? c5tury pr9t]s1 ne>ly #cjj books hav+ him z _! fo/]-fa!r4 ,he appe>s to h />t$ 9 bus9ess at ! sign ( ! ,resurrection1 a little above ,holborn ,conduit1 b remov$ 9 or ab\t #aedi to ,ald]sgate ,/reet2 he _h sev]al %ops 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! t[n1 :]e 8 lit]>y w>es might be dispos$ (1 & he is rem>kable 9 be+ ! fir/ ,engli% pr9t] :o us$ ,saxon *>act]s1 :il/ he br\ght ^? ( ! ,greek & ,italic to p]fection4 ,x is n possible to give 9 ?is place ev5 a brief summ>y ( ,day's c>e]1 & x mu/ suffice u to m5tion t ,ar*bi%op ,p>k] 0 among 8 patrons1 & t ! m important books :i* appe>$ f 8 press includ$ ,fox's 8,acts & ,monum5ts10 #aefc1 & ! 8,psalmes 9 ,metre ) ,music10 #aega 7= ! pr9t+ ( :i* he receiv$ a pat5t dat$ ,june #b1 #aefh74 ,8 be/ kn[n device1 ( :i* we give an example1 has a d\ble mean+2 fir/ x is a pun on 8 "n1 & secondly an allusion to ! dawn ( ! ,prote/ant religion4 ,he us$ ano!r ,m>k1 :i* is a l>ge upright p>allelogram1 )9 ! l9es ( :i* is a v elegant ,greek s>cophagus be>+ a skeleton ly+ on a mat4 ,at ! head ( ! corpse are two figures /&+ & look+ d[n at x1 ( :i* ! out] "o is 9 ! dress ( a ri* citiz51 hav+ 8 left h& on 8 sword1 & ! o!r1 :o is po9t+ to ! body1 is dress$ l a doctor or a s*oolma/]3 f 8 m\? issues a scroll ris+ upw>ds 9 eight folds1 on f\r ( :i* are engrav5 9 small ,roman capitals1 8,etsi ,mors 9 dies accel]at10 & ! rema9d] ( ! s5t5ce1 8,po/ ,fvn]a virtus vivet tam510 appe>s 9 simil> lett]s on ano!r scroll1 :i* is elegantly tw9$ r\nd ! bran*es ( a holly plac$ beh9d ! sepul*re1 to indicate by a tree t blooms at ,*ri/mas ! ev]gre5 nature ( virtue2 ! s>cophagus1 figures1 & tree /& by ! side ( a riv]1 ) "s di/ant vessels1 on ! left h& ( :i* are rocky %ores1 ) cities1 etc41 & 9 ! upp] corn] ( ! left is ! sun break+ out ( ! cl\ds2 ! initials ,i ,d appe> on ! l[] left h&4 ,?is ,m>k is exce$+ly r>e2 x occurs on ! la/ leaf ( ,j4 ,norton's translation ( ! ,lat9 8,cate*ism10 #aegj1 & also at ! end ( ,*urton's 8,cosmographical ,glass40 ,!re are sev]al v>iations ( ! ,m>k :i* we reproduce on p4 #gi4 ,william ,s]es1 :o 0 = "s "t ant]ior to #aeej 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,day 7& at o!r times ) ,an?ony ,scolok]1 ,ri*>d ,kele1 & ,william ,hill71 pr9t$ ov] #ajj books1 9 _m ( :i* 8 monogram s]ves ! purpose ( a ,m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ri*>d ,,grafton4 ,,svscipite ,,insitvm ,,v]bvm ,,iaco ,i ,,rg ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,middleton4 ,w ,,wyllyam ,,myddylton ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,wolfe4 ,,vbiqve ,,floret ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,day4 ,,arise ,,= ,,x ,,is ,,day ,l s _m o!r ( ! e>ly pr9t]s1 ,ri*>d ,jugge1 #aedh-gg1 ^: %op 0 at ! sign ( ! ,bible at ! nor? door ( ,/4 ,paul's1 0 a ,univ]sity man1 hav+ /udi$ at ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge4 8,he _h a lic5se f ,gov]nm5t to pr9t ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ,engli%1 dat$ ,janu>y1 #aeej2 & no pr9t] ev] equall$ him 9 ! ri*ness ( ! initial lett]s & g5]al disposition ( ! text :i* are display$ !re940 ,on ! accession ( ,elizabe? to ! ?rone1 he pr9t$ ! proclamation1 ,novemb] #ag1 #aeeh4 ,ab\t sev5ty books are catalogu$ z com+ f 8 press4 ,8 elegant ,m>k consi/s ( a massive ar*itectural panel1 adorn$ ) wrea?s ( fruit1 & be>+ 9 ! c5tre an oval )9 :i* is a pelican fe$+ h] "y1 surr\nd$ by ! mottoes1 8,love kepy? ! ,lawe1 obeye? ! ,kynge1 & is good to ! comm5 wel!10 & 8,pro ,rege ,lege et ,grege40 ,on ! left ( ! oval /&s a female figure hav+ a s]p5t tw9$ r\nd h] "r arm1 ) ! ^w 8,prud5tia0 und]nea?1 :il/ ! second female figure1 ) a balance & a sword1 is call$ 8,ju/icia02 9 ! bottom c5tre 9 a small c>t\*e panel is ! "n ,r4 ,jugge 9 ! =m ( a monogram4 ,?is ,m>k 0 also us$ by ,j4 ,w9det & by ,alex&] ,arbu?not1 ( ,ed9burgh1 ( :i* we give ! example ( ! la/ nam$4 ,hugh ,s+leton1 #aedh-hb1 appe>s to h e>n$ z mu* notoriety among 8 contempor>ies = 8 8r loose0 pr9ciples z = ! books :i* he pr9t$4 ,he 0 (t5 9 conflict ) ! au?orities1 & v n>r[ly escap$ sev]e puni%m5t = pr9t+ "o ( ,/ubbs' outbur/s1 = :i* ! au?or & ,page ! publi%] _h _! "r h&s cut (f ) a but*]'s knife & a mallet 9 #aeha2 ,s+leton 0 p>don$4 ,8 ,m>k1 ( :i* !re are v>iations1 is suffici5tly self-explanatory1 al?\gh x may be m5tion$ t = a "t he dwelt at ! ,gold5 ,tun 9 ,cre$ ,lane4 ,walt] ,lynne1 #aedg-ej1 :o 0 a s*ol> & an au?or1 _h a %op at 8,somm]'s ,key ne> ,bill+sgate0 & pr9t$ ab\t tw5ty s]mons & o!r religi\s tracts 9 octavo1 employ$ ! device giv5 z an initial to ! pres5t *apt]4 ,john ,wyghte1 or ,wight1 resembl$ ,s+leton some:at 9 8 facility = runn+ 8 head aga9/ e/abli%$ cu/oms1 & 0 on "o occasion f9$ = keep+ 8 %op op5 on ,/4 ,luke's ,day1 & on ano!r = sell+ pirat$ books4 ,8 %op 0 at ! sign ( ! ,rose1 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 & 8 books--beg9n+ ) an edition ( ! ,bible--range f ! ye> #aeea to #aeif4 ,8 device 0 a portrait ( himself1 :i* v>ies consid]ably bo? 9 size & 9 o!r respects4 ,p]haps ! mo/ curi\s & int]e/+ "w :i* he publi%$ 0 8,a ,booke ( ! arte & mann] h[ to plant & graffe all sortes ( trees10 #aehf1 translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,leon>d ,mascall1 & d$icat$ to ,sir ,john ,paulet4 ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,,arbu?not4 ,,alex&] ,,arbv?net ,,love ,,kepy? ,,! ,,lawe ,,obeye? ,,! ,,kynge ,,& ,,is ,,good ,,to ,,! ,,comm5 ,,wel! ,,pro ,,lege ,,rege1 ,,et ,,grege ,,prvd5cia ,,iv/icia ,illu/ration3 ,,hugh ,,s+leton4 ,h ,s ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,wight4 ,i ,w ,,welcom ,,! ,,wight3 ,,t ,,br+e? ,,sv* ,,light ,! employm5t ( ! ,g5eva arms z a ,pr9t]'s ,m>k is conf9$1 9 ?is c\ntry1 to ,r[l& ,hall1 :o1 at ! dea? ( ,edw>d ,,vi41 accompani$ sev]al refugees to ,g5eva1 :]e he pr9t$ ! ,psalms1 ,bible1 & o!r works ( a m or less religi\s "*2 8 books range f #aeei to #aefc1 & ab\t two doz5 are kn[n to bibliograph]s1 & half ( ?is numb] are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,8 ,m>k has a d\ble int]e/2 fir/1 f 8 resid5ce 9 ,g5eva1 & secondly f ! fact t ! sign ( 8 %op1 8,! ,half ,eagle & ,key10 0 a /ill fur!r ackn[l$gm5t ( ! protection :i* he enjoy$ 9 ,g5eva4 ,?is 0 n 8 only ,m>k1 b x is ! only "o to :i* we ne$ ref]4 ,! "n ( ,ri*>d ,tottell1 #aeec-ig1 is mu* bett] rememb]$ 9 connection ) ! epo*-mak+ little book1 8,songes & ,sonettes10 #aeeg1 ! fir/ miscellany ( ,engli% v]se1 ?an ei!r ( ! o!r sev5ty or eighty publications :i* be> 8 impr9t4 ,8 %op 0 9 ,fleet ,/reet at ! sign ( ! ,h& & ,/>1 ! same idea s]v+ him z a ,m>k3 ! h& & /> 9 a circle1 ) a scroll on ei!r side hav+ ! words 8cum privilegio10 ! :ole be+ plac$ "u an ar* support$ by columns ornam5t$ 9 ! ,etruscan /yle4 ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s ( ! l>ge numb] ( books :i* came f ! press ( ,h5ry ,bynneman1 #aefg-hg1 is 8,! ,m>9]s boke1 conta9+ godly & necess>y ord]s & pray]s1 to be obs]v$ 9 e %ip1 bo? = m>9]s & all o!r :atsoev] !y be t %all travaile on ! sea1 = _! voyage10 #aege2 a /ill m curi\s production ( 8 press has ! foll[+ title1 8,( gho/es & spirites walkyng by night1 & /range noyes1 crackes & sundry =e w>nynges1 :i* commonly happ5 be=e ! dea? ( m51 great slaught]s1 & alt]ations ( kyngdomes10 #aegb4 ,bynneman _h s]v$ ) ,reynold ,wolfe1 & :5 he />t$ 9 bus9ess on 8 own acc\nt met ) mu* enc\ragem5t f ,ar*bi%op ,p>k]1 :o all[$ him to h a %op or %$ at ! nor?-we/ door ( ,/4 ,paul's4 ,he appe>s to h _h two ,m>ks1 "o ( :i* 0 d]iv$ f ! sign ( 8 %op1 8,! ,m]maid10 ) ! motto1 8,omnia tempus hab5t10 & ! o!r 7"h reproduc$7 ( a doe passant1 & ! motto1 8,c]va *>issima et gratissimus h9nulus pro40 ,?omas ,woodcock1 #aegf-id1 :o dwelt at ! sign ( ! ,black ,be>1 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 0 a booksell] r ?an a pr9t]2 8 ,m>k is an evid5t d\ble pun on 8 surname4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r[l& ,,hall4 ,,po/ ,,t5ebras ,,lvx ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ry ,,bynneman4 ,,c]va ,,*>issima ,,et ,,gratissimvs ,,h9nvlvs ,,pro ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,woodcock4 ,,cantabo ,,iehov ,,qvia ,,b5efecit ,dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ! fir/ ?ree decades ( ! sev5te5?1 !re 7 two ,jagg>ds among ! ,london pr9t]s2 by f> ! bett] kn[n is ,isaac1 :o1 ) ,edw>d ,bl\nt1 issu$ ! fir/ folio edition ( ,%akespe>e's plays2 he seems to h _h no ,m>k1 b ,william1 #aeie-afbd1 us$ ! r /rik+ device 7page #hh71 :i* is ?us describ$3 ,s]p5t bit+ 8 tail1 coil$ twice r\nd ! wri/ ( a h& issu+ f ! cl\ds & hold+ a w& f :i* spr+s two laurel bran*es1 & :i* is surm\nt$ by a portcullis 7! ,we/m9/] ,arms72 9 ! la/ coil ( ! s]p5t ! ^w 8,prud5tia40 ,equally di/9ct is ! m>k ( ,felix ,k+/on1 or ,kyng/on1 :o pr9t$ a v l>ge numb] ( books f #aeig to #afdj2 9 ?is device we h ! sun %9+ on ! ,p>nassus1 & a laurel tree betwe5 ! two conical hills1 ) a sunfl[] & a pansy on ei!r side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,jagg>d4 ,,prvd5tia ,! ,m>k ( ,william ,norton1 #aegj-ic1 ^: %op 0 at ! ,k+'s ,arms1 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 0 9 a d\ble s5se a pun on 8 "n1 consi/+ z x did ( a repres5tation ( a ,sweet-,william gr[+ ?r\gh a tun inscrib$ ) ! lett]s 8,,nor02 & some?+ ( ! same k9d may be said ( t employ$ by ,ri*>d ,h>rison1 #aeeb-fb1 ^: ,m>k is describ$ by ,camd5 z 8an ,h>e by a %eafe ( ,rye 9 ! ,sun1 = ,h>rison40 ,9 ?is connection we may also "h ref] to ! ,m>k employ$ by ,g]>d 7or ,g]ald7 ,dewes1 #aefb-hg1 ^: %op 0 at ! sign ( ! ,swan 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d2 ?is is describ$ by ,camd5 ?us3 8& if y require m i4e4 9 ref]5ce to ! prevail+ ta/e = picture-writ+ su* z ! designs ( ,norton & ,dewes ,i ref] y to ! witty inv5tions ( "s ,london]s2 b t = ,g>ret ,dewes is mo/ rem>kable1 two 9 a g>ret ca/+ ,dewes at dice40 ,9 ! same category also may be includ$ ! ,m>k ( ,*ri/oph] & ,rob]t ,b>k]1 ! ,que5's ,pr9t]s1 :o us$ a design ( a man b>k+ timb]1 ) ! c\plet 8,a ,b>k] if y w1 ,9 "n b n 9 skill40 ,f ^! & _m o!r in/ances :i* might be cit$1 x w be se5 t by ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k 9 ,engl& _h decl9$ into a v *ildi% & feeble play ^u ! names ( ! pr9t]s1 & ! subject !re=e ne$ n be fur!r pursu$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,felix ,,k+/on4 ,,p>nasso ,,et ,,apoll9e ,,digna ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,cre$e4 ,t ,c ,,viressit ,,vvln]e ,,v]itas ,! natural result1 moreov]1 ( ?is decl9e 01 9 ! foll[+ c5tury1 foll[$ by :at practically am\nts to ext9ction2 & ! few exceptions to :i* we %all ref]1 & :i* are to "s ext5t select$ at r&om1 prove ! tru? ( t !ory4 ,?omas ,cre$e1 #aehh-afah1 ^: %op 0 at ! sign ( ! ,ca!r9e ,:eel1 ne> ! ,old ,swan 9 ,?ames ,/reet1 0 "o ( ! prolific pr9t]s ( ! p]iod1 & 8 mo/ common ,m>k is a p]sonification ( ,tru?1 ) a h& issu+ f ! cl\ds /rik+ on h] back ) a rod1 & encircl$ ) ! motto1 8,v]itas virescit vuln]e40 ,among ! num]\s books :i* he pr9t$ 0 ,h5ry ,butte's 8,digets ,dry ,d9n]10 #aeii1 = ,william ,wood1 a booksell] ^: %op 0 at ! sign ( ,"t1 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 & ^: ,m>k 0 an almo/ exact copy ( "o employ$ by ,conrad ,bade1 a sixte5? c5tury pr9t] ( ,p>is & ,g5eva 7:o _h app>5tly adopt$ 8 f t ( ,knobl\* ( ,/rassburg1 :i* we give on ano!r page73 x repres5ts a w+$ figure ( ,"t help+ a nak$ woman out ( :at appe>s to be a cave1 ) ! motto1 8,tempore patet occulata v]itas02 ?is ,m>k foll[s ! introductory matt] 9 ! above-nam$ "w4 ,mak+ a leap ( ov] half a c5tury1 we come across ano!r ambiti\s ,m>k1 :i* 9 ! pres5t in/ance s]v$ ! additional purpose ( a frontispiece2 x 0 employ$ by ,john ,all5 ( ! ,ris+ ,sun1 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 & is dat$ #afef2 x is r a f9e device ( ! sun ris+ beh9d ! hills1 ) a ca!dral on ! left-h& side1 & ! inscription 8,ipswi*e0 & a coat-(-arms1 app>5tly ( t city4 ,al?\gh n exactly a pr9t]'s or publi%]'s ,m>k1 ! *>m+ little plate1 engrav$ by ,cl>k1 :i* ,john ,wal?oe1 ,jr41 ins]t$ on ! title-page ( 8,! ,hive3 a collection ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ,songs10 #agbd1 is suffici5tly ne> x to be wor? reproduc+ "h4 ,t4 ,cox1 a booksell] ( 8,! ,lamb10 "u ! ,royal ,ex*ange1 ,cornhill1 0 =tunate en\gh to h a ,m>k 7see page #df71 9 :i* ,john ,p9e is se5 at 8 be/3 ,cox 0 n only an em95t booksell]1 b 0 also an ex*ange-brok]4 ,( mu* less delicate workman%ip1 b appropriate nev]!less1 is ! ,m>k :i* we f9d on ! title-pages ( ! books pr9t$ = ,r4 ,w>e1 at ! ,bible & ,sun 9 ,w>wick ,lane1 "o ( ^: books1 ,dr4 ,w>r5's 8,imp>tial ,*ur*man10 #agbh1 conta9s at ! end ( ! fir/ *apt] ano!r ,m>k1 an exce$+ly r\gh sket* ( a pr9t+-(fice1 ) ! motto1 8vitam mortuis r$do40 ,on books int5d$ m or less = p>ticul> s*ools1 ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k usually takes ! %ape ( ! arms ( ! s*ools !mselves1 z 9 ! case ( ,we/m9/] & ,eton2 & ! same may be said ( books pr9t$ at ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 9 ! =m] case a v f9e view ( ! ,%eldonian ,!atre usually appe>+ on ! title-page ( books pr9t$ !re4 ,john ,scol> is an int]e/+ figure among ! v e>ly pr9t]s ( ,ox=d1 & f #aeah he 0 ! (ficial pr9t] ( ! ,univ]sity2 9 "o ( ! books he issu$ !re is cit$ an edict ( ! ,*ancellor1 "u 8 (ficial seal1 enjo9+ t = a p]iod ( sev5 ye>s to come1 no p]son %\ld v5ture to pr9t t "w1 or ev5 to sell copies ( x else:]e pr9t$ )9 ,ox=d & its prec9cts1 "u pa9 ( =feit+ ! copies1 & pay+ a f9e ( five p\nds /]l+1 & o!r p5alties4 ,scol>'s ,m>k is "o ( ! v few 9 :i* a book appe>s4 ,john ,sib]*1 ! fir/ ,cambridge pr9t]1 app>5tly _h two ,m>ks1 "o ( :i*--! ,royal ,arms1 :i* 0 ! sign ( ! h\se he occupi$--appe>s on f\r ( ! eight books pr9t$ by him at ,cambridge 9 or ab\t #aeba2 ( ! second we give a facsimile f 8 fir/ book1 ,gal51 8,de ,temp]am5tis40 ,! ,m>k ( ! majority ( eighte5? c5tury booksell]s & pr9t]s consi/$ ( a monogram =m$ ei!r ) _! initials or names4 ,dur+ a portion ( 8 c>e] ,jacob ,tonson us$ a bu/ ( :at purport$ to be ,%akespe>e1 p>tly f ! fact t = _m ye>s ! copyright ( ! great dramati/'s works belong$ to him & p>tly because "o ( 8 %ops _h = its sign1 8,! ,%akespe>e's ,head40 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,wal?oe4 ,,sp>sa ,,coegi4 ,illu/ration3 ,r4 ,,w>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,scol>4 v]itas ,lib]avit ,bonitas ,regnauit ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,sib]*4 ,i ,s ,! e>lie/ ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks ( ,scotti% pr9t]s are n ( ! fir/ importance1 b !y are suffici5tly int]e/+ to m]it notice4 ,walt] ,*epman & ,&ro ,myll> 7 grant$ a pat5t = ! erection ( a pr9t+-press at ,ed9burgh on ,septemb] #ae1 #aejg1 ! =m] f9d+ ! money & ! latt] ! k4 ,ea* _h 8 di/9ctive ,m>k1 bo? ( :i* are ( ,fr5* orig9--a !ory :i* is easily prov$ s f> z ,myll>'s is conc]n$ f ! fact t x displays two small %ields at ! top corn]s1 ea* *>g$ ) ! fleur-de-lys4 ,myll>'s device1 9 :i* we see a w9dmill ) a mill] asc5d+ ! outside ladd]1 c>ry+ a sack ( gra9 on 8 back1 is an obvi\s pun on 8 "n1 & 01 p]haps1 sugge/$ by ! ,m>k ( ,jehan ,m\l91 ,p>is4 ,*epman's is a v close copy ( t ( ,pig\*et1 ,p>is1 ! male & female figures be+ c>efully copi$ ev5 to ! small crosses on _! knees2 ! initials ,w ,c are elegantly int]lac$4 ,?omas ,davidson is a v int]e/+ figure 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,scotti% typography2 he appe>s to h be5 ! fir/ k+'s pr9t] ( 8 c\ntry1 & "o ( 8 e>lie/ works is 8,ad ,s]5issimum ,scotorum ,regem ,jacobum ,qu9tum de suscepto ,regni ,regim9e a diis felicit] om9ato ,/r5a10 circa #aebe2 ab\t t5 ye>s lat] came a translation ( ! 8,*ronicles ( ,scotl&10 compil$ by ,boece1 & 8translatit be mai/] ,johne ,bell5d520 ,davidson's ,m>k is ( ! same "* z ,*epman's1 b is1 if possible1 ev5 m r\ghly drawn & engrav$2 :il/ ,bass&yne copi$ ! device ( ,cresp9 ( ,g5eva1 ) ! initials ,t4 ,b4 in/ead ,i4 ,c4 ,arbu?not's device ( ! ,pelican1 :i* he us$ 9 two sizes1 & ! ,m>ks ( ,?omas ,vautrolli]1 h be5 already ref]r$ to4 ,com+ d[n to ! la/ tw5ty ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 we f9d ! few books ( ,h5ry ,*>t]is ( consid]able & v>i$ int]e/1 & 8 ,m>k1 if by no means c>efully drawn & engrav$1 has at all ev5ts ! m]it ( be+ fairly orig9al4 ,illu/ration3 ,,&ro ,,myll>4 ,&rov myll> ,illu/ration3 ,,walt] ,,*epman4 ,w ,c ,walt]us *epman ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,davidson4 ,t ,d ,,?omas ,,da4 ,illu/ration3 ,h4 ,,*>t]is4 ,,iv/itia4 ,,religio4 ,,svvm ,,cviqve ,,devm ,,cole ,,8 ,,svffvlta ,,dvrant4 ,h ,c ,decoration ,,"s ,,fr5* ,,pr9t]s' ,,m>ks4 ,illu/ration3 ,f4 ,,e/i5ne4 ,plus olei qum v9i4 ,x is r a curi\s fact1 all ?+s consid]$1 t ! introduction ( ! pr9t+-press into ,p>is %\ld h only ant$at$ its appe>ance 9 ?is c\ntry by f\r ye>s2 su* h[ev] is ! case4 ,x 0 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ye> #adgj1 ! t5? ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xi41 t ,ulri* ,g]+1 ,m>t9 ,krantz1 & ,mi*el ,friburg] comm5c$ pr9t+ 9 "o ( ! rooms ( ! ,college ,sorbonne4 ,!y _h le>nt _! art at ,may5ce1 & at ! disp]sal ( ! (fice ( ,fu/ & ,s*oeff] _h settl$ d[n at ,basel4 ,!y 7 induc$ to take up _! resid5ce at ! ,sorbonne by ,jean ,he9l9 & ,guillaume ,fi*et1 two di/+ui%$ pr(essors ( t place4 ,! fir/ book pr9t$ at ,p>is 0 ! 8,lett]s0 ( ,gasp>9 ( ,b]gamo1 #adgj1 :i* conta9s ! foll[+ quatra9 at ! end ( ! "w3 8,primos ecce libros quos hc indu/ria f9xit ,francorum 9 t]ris dibus atque tuis2 ,mi*ael1 ,udalri*us1 ,m>t9usque magi/] ,hos impress]unt1 ac faci5t alios40 ,by ! end ( #adgb ! ?ree companions _h issu$ ?irty works1 app>5tly )\t indulg+ 9 ! luxury ( a ,m>k1 b _! patrons sep>at+ !y _h to leave ! ,sorbonne4 ,_! new qu>t]s 7 at ! sign ( ! 8,soleil d',or0 9 ! ,rue ,/4 ,jacques--! ,pat]no/] ,r[ ( ,p>is4 ,"h !y rema9$ until #adgg1 :5 ,g]+ 0 ! sole proprietor4 ,he 0 jo9$ 9 #adhj by ,george ,ma9yal1 & 9 #adid by ,b]?olt ,rembolt1 & di$ 9 ,augu/1 #aeaj4 ,)9 ?irty ye>s ( ! introduction ( pr9t+ into ,p>is1 !re 7 ne>ly n9ety pr9t]s1 :o issu$ ne>ly #hjj works betwe5 #adgj & #aejj4 ,rembolt1 :o succe$$ ,g]+ & pres]v$ ! sign ( 8 (fice1 0 "o ( ! e>lie/1 if n ! fir/ to adopt a ,m>k1 ( :i* inde$ he us$ f\r m or less di/9ct examples4 ,we reproduce "o ( ! r>e/2 8 be/ kn[n is a highly decorative picture1 & has a %ield 7c>ry+ a cross ) ! initials ,b4 ,r4 9 ! l[] half ( ! circle :i* envelopes ! foot ( ! cross7 susp5d$ f a v9e tree & support$ by two lions4 ,( ?is ,m>k !re are at lea/ two sizes2 ano!r ( 8 ,m>ks consi/$ ( an enl>g$ =m ( ! cross to :i* we h ref]r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,b4 ,,rembolt4 ,,b]*toldvs ,r ,aft] ,rembolt1 ! int]e/ ( ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k 9 ,france div]ges into a numb] ( directions4 ,! mo/ prolific pr9t] 01 p]haps1 ,anto9e ,vr>d1 :o1 dy+ 9 #aecj1 issu$ books cont9u\sly = ab\t =ty-five ye>s3 he 0 also a calligraph]1 an illum9ator1 & a booksell]2 8 ,books ( ,h\rs l$ ! way = ! beautiful productions ( ,simon ,vo/re1 :il/ 8 *ief 8l9e0 consi/$ ( romances1 ( :i* !re are ov] a hundr$ pr9t$ on vellum & ornam5t$ ) beautiful m9iatures4 ,he _h two ,m>ks1 "o ( :i*1 consi/+ simply ( ! two lett]s ,a4 ,v41 is accompani$ by ! l9es3 8,p\r proqu] la gr&' misricorde1 ,a t\s pes*eurs faire grce et p>don1 ,anto9e ,vr>d humblem5t te recorde40 ,( ! second we give an example on p4 #ba4 ,among 8 publications may be m5tion$ 8,l',art de bi5 ,m\rir10 #adib1 :i* ,gilles ,c\teau & ,j4 ,m5>d pr9t$ = him1 :il/ ! punn+ ,m>k ( ! =m] is reproduc$ 9 our fir/ *apt] 7p4 #d74 ,franois ,regnault1 :o pr9t$ a l>ge numb] ( books dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 _h six ,m>ks1 *iefly v>iations on ! "o "h giv54 ,he usually plac$ at ! bottom ( 8 books3 8,p>issis1 ex (fic9 hone/i viri ,francissi ,regnault02 ! accompany+ r$uc$ facsimile ( "o ( 8 title-pages indicates ! prom95t position allott$ at ?is e>ly p]iod to ! pr9t]'s ,m>k4 ,a v rem>kable & elaborate ,m>k ( ?is family ( pr9t]s 0 t ( ,pi]re ,regnault1 :o 0 putt+ =? books dur+ ne>ly ! :ole ( ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! ,m>*ant family exi/$ 9 ,p>is z pr9t]s = ov] #cjj ye>s 7#adha-aghi74 ,! fir/ ( ! l9e1 ,guy1 or ,guyot1 :o pr9t$ books = ,jehan ,petit1 ,ge(frey ,de ,m>nef1 & o!rs1 _h z ,m>k f\r v>iations ( ! *ant gaill>d repres5t$ by two notes1 sol1 la1 ) "o fai? repres5t$ by two h&s jo9$1 9 allusion to ! words1 8,sola fides sufficit10 tak5 f ! hymn1 8,pange l+ua40 ,b5ea? 8 ,m>k he plac$ ! figures ( ,sa9ts ,crisp9 & ,crisp9ian1 patrons ( ! lea!r-dress]s :o prep>$ ! lea!r = ! b9d]1 9 :i* capacity ,m>*ant act$ on sev]al occasions = ,francis ,i4 ,z 0 ! case ) 8 contempor>ies1 ,m>*ant's e>lie/ books possess$ no m>k1 & "o ( ! fir/ ( ! publications 9 :i* x appe>$ 0 ! 8,compo/ et ,cal5dri] des ,b]gi]s10 #adif4 ,! ,de ,m>nef family also make a big %[ 9 ! annals ( ,fr5* typography1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! way ( ,m>ks1 ! v>i\s memb]s us+1 betwe5 #adha & #aeed1 ne>ly ?irty examples1 includ+ duplicates1 sev]al ( :i* 7 design$ by ,ge(frey ,tory4 ,ne>ly all ^! ,m>ks _h ! subject ( ! ,pelican fe$+ h] "y z a c5tre piece4 ,j]ome1 h[ev]1 us$ a ,griff9 among 8 sev]al o!r examples1 ( :i* ! two f9e/ ( ! :ole s]ies are ^? numb]$ #gdf & #hab 9 ,silve/re1 & are ! "w ( ,jean ,c\s9 at 8 be/4 ,! f\nd] ( ! family1 ,ge(frey1 us$ ! accompany+ device 9 two sizes4 ,! ,janot family1 ( :i* ! f\nd]1 ,d5ys1 0 ! mo/ celebrat$1 7 issu+ books 9 ,p>is f ! end ( ! fifte5? to ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ! m noticeable ( _! ,m>ks conta9$ ! device3 8,amor ,dei omnia v9cit--am\r p>t\t1 t\t p> am\r1 p>t\t am\r1 en t\t bi50 7see p4 #ae74 ,! ,mac family1 :i* makes a good %[ ) elev5 ,m>ks1 0 also a long-liv$ "o ( ov] #bjj ye>s1 _m ( ! memb]s resid+ at ,ca51 ,r5nes1 & ,r\51 besides ,p>is4 ,! same may be said to "s ext5t ( ! ,dupr or ,du ,pr family1 #adhf-agge2 ! two fir/1 ,jean or ,jehan & ,galliot1 7 ! mo/ celebrat$4 ,( ! doz5 ,m>ks employ$ by ?is family1 ! mo/ orig9al1 x be+ ! evid5t pun on 8 "n1 has a ,galiote1 at ! head ( ! ma/ ( :i* is ! motto1 8,vogue la ,guallee10 or sometimes 8,vogue la ,gualee0 7see p4 #e74 ,jehan ,du ,pr ! ,lyons pr9t]1 us$ ! accompany+ ,m>k =m$ ( 8 initials4 ,! fir/ z well z ! mo/ not$ memb] ( ! ,le ,r\ge family ( pr9t]s 0 ,pi]re1 :o resid$ at ,*ablis1 ,troyes1 & ,p>is1 & :o 0 ! fir/ to take ! title ( 8,libraire-,imprimeur du ,roi10 c$$ to him by ,*>les ,,viii41 & us$ 9 8,la ,m] des ,hi/oires10 #adhh4 ,appropriately en\gh1 ,mi*el ,le ,noir1 ^: motto we h already quot$1 may be "h ref]r$ to4 ,he issu$ a l>ge numb] ( books1 ! mo/ notable1 p]haps1 be+ 8,le ,roman de la ,rose10 #aeac4 ,he 0 succe$$ by 8 son ,philippe 9 #aead1 "o ( ^: mo/ noticeable publications 0 8,le ,blazon des ,hrtiques0 7a satirical piece attribut$ to ,pi]re ,gr+oire71 ! figure or effigy at ! head is sign$ ) ! monogram ( ,g4 ,tory4 ,! five ,m>ks ( fa!r & son diff]$ only 9 m9or details1 & ! above example ( ,philippe w suffici5tly indicate ! "* ( ! o!rs4 ,philippe ,pig\*et1 :o 0 an engrav] z well z a booksell] & pr9t]1 cont5t$ himself app>5tly ) "o ,m>k4 ,he is di/+ui%$ = ! extreme c>e ) :i* he turn$ out 8 books1 p>ticul>ly ! ,books ( ,h\rs :i* he und]took to produce 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,simon ,vo/re2 "s ( 8 works are freely copi$ by ! publi%]s ( to-day1 & might ) advantage be ev5 m g5]ally utiliz$ ?an !y are1 = !y possess all ! attributes ( beautiful books4 ,?ielman ,k]v]1 a ,g]man1 0 ano!r pr9t] :o work$ = ,simon ,vo/re1 "o ( 8 mo/ important productions be+ a 8,brevi>ium ad usum ,ecclesi ,p>isi5sis10 #aejj1 9 r$ & black4 ,8 %op 0 on ! ,pont ,/4 ,mi*el1 at ! sign ( ! ,unicorn1 :i*1 z w be se51 he adopt$ z 8 ,m>k1 & ( :i* !re are two1 :i* diff] f "o ano!r only 9 m9or details4 ,( ,simon ,vo/re himself1 a :ole book might be compil$4 ,f ab\t #adhh to #aebh he devot$ himself exclusively to ! publi%+ ( books1 & employ$ all ! be/ pr9t]s3 x 0 by 8 en]gy comb9$ ) ,pig\*et's te*nical skill t ! two produc$1 9 ,april1 #adhh1 ! 8,heures l',usaige de ,rome10 an octavo f9ely decorat$ ) ornam5ts & figures2 ! exp]im5t 0 a complete success4 ,x is g5]ally assum$ t ! engrav+ 0 done 9 relief on metal1 z ! l9e 9 x is v f9e1 ! backgr\nd /ippl$1 & ! bord]s )\t scrat*es3 wood c\ld n h resi/$ ! =ce ( ! impression1 ! reliefs w\ld h be5 cru%$1 ! bord]s rubb$ & badly adju/$4 ,! arti/ic connection ( ,pig\*et & ,vo/re la/$ = eighte5 ye>s1 & ) !m book production 9 ,france may be said to h atta9$ its highe/ po9t4 ,by ! ye> #aebj ,vo/re _h publi%$ m ?an #cjj editions ( ! 8,h\rs0 = ! use ( diff]5t cities2 he _h two ,m>ks1 ( :i* we give ! l>g] example on p4 #ajc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,simon ,,vo/re4 ,s ,v ,,simon ,,vo/re ,illu/ration3 ,,fran,,ois ,,regnault4 ,le premi] volume de la toison dor4 ,compose p> reu]5d p]e en dieu guillaume p> la p]mission diu9e iadis euesque de ,t\rnay_/ ab- be de sa9ct ,b]t9 et *ancelli] de lordre de la ,?oi son dor du bon duc ,philippe de b\rgongne ,auquel s\bz les v]tus de magnanimite et iu/ice app>te- nans a le/at de noblesse sont cont5us les haulx v]- tueux et magnanimes faictz tant des tres *re/i5nes maisons de france_/ b\rgongne et fl&res que dau- tres roys et pr9ces de lanci5 et n\ueau te/am5t n\uellem5t imprime a ,p>is4 ,cum priuilegio ,f ,r ,,francoys ,,regnavlt ,ilz se v5d5t a ,p>is en la rue sa9ct ,iaques a l5seigne sa9ct ,claude4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pi]re ,,regnault4 ,p ,r ,,concordia ,,p>ve ,,res ,,crescvnt ,,discordia ,,magne ,,dilabvntvr ,,petrvs ,,regnavlt ,illu/ration3 ,,guy ,,m>*ant4 ,fides ,ficit ,illu/ration3 ,,de ,,m>nef4 ,le pellic ,e ,i ,g ,de m>nef ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,du ,,pr4 ,i ,p ,illu/ration3 ,,pi]re ,,le ,,r\ge4 4,p4 le ,r\ge ,illu/ration3 ,,philippe ,,le ,,noir4 ,p ,n ,,philippe ,,le ,,noir ,illu/ration3 ,,?ielman ,,k]v]4 ,t ,k ,,?ielman ,,k]v] ,9 _m respects ,jean or ,jehan ,petit is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( ! e>ly ,fr5* pr9t]s1 :il/ f ! "t he />t$ to ! f9al ext9ction ( 8 desc5dants z pr9t]s cov]s a space ( #ccf ye>s--a record :i* is probably unrivall$ 9 ! hi/ory ( typography4 ,jehan ,petit kept fifte5 presses fully employ$1 & f\nd a great deal ( "w = fifte5 o!rs4 ,! family z a :ole makes a good %[ ) _! m>ks1 9 :i* ! f\nd] is m extravagant ?an any ( ! o!rs1 hav+ us$1 at "o "t or ano!r1 at lea/ half-a-doz5 m or less diff]5t examples4 ,9 addition to reproduc+ "o ( ! f9e/1 we give1 on p4 #i1 also a r$uc$ facsimile ( a title-page ( a book1 ! jo9t v5ture ( ,petit & ,k]v]2 ! comb9ation ( ! two names on "o title-page is di/9ctly novel & curi\s4 ,he 0 on sev]al occasions associat$ ) o!rs 9 produc+ a book1 8 connection ) ,josse ,bade ext5d+ f #aeja to #aecf4 ,( ,bade or ,badius x w be necess>y to give a few p>ticul>s4 ,he 0 born at ,as*e1 ne> ,brussels1 & 0 a s*ol> & a poet z well z a pr9t]4 ,ab\t #adie-g he 0 engag$ z a corrector ( ! press = ,tres*el & ,de ,v+le at ,lyons4 ,he left ab\t #aejj = ,p>is1 :]e he />t$ a press 9 #aejb1 :i* he call$ 8,prelum ,asc5sianum40 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is t]m1 8! ,asc5sion ,press10 ! ^w 8prelum0 0 appli$ to ! anci5t w9e presses1 aft] :i*1 9 fact1 ! e>lie/ pr9t+ presses 7 modell$4 ,8 ,m>k1 :i* he fir/ us$ 9 #aejg1 is ! e>lie/ picture ( a pr9t+-press4 ,?irte5 ye>s aft]1 he adopt$ ano!r device ) ! same subject1 b diff]+ 9 _m important p>ticul>s4 ,9 ! second1 ! compos+-/ick us$ by ! figure 9 ! act ( sett+ type is *ang$ f ! "r to ! left h&2 ! press %[s improv$ me*anical con/ruction1 indicat+ great] solidity & /r5g?4 ,9 ! latt] example also ! figure sitt+ at ! case on ! "r side ( ! engrav+ is int5d$ to repres5t a woman1 in/ead ( a man z 9 ! e>li] illu/ration4 ,contempor>y ) bo? ,petit & ,bade1 ,gilles or ,gillet ,h>d\yn1 #adia-aeba1 0 bo? a pr9t] & a booksell]1 & us$ two ,m>ks1 ( :i* we give ! m /rik+4 ,g]ma9 ,h>d\yn1 possibly a son ( ! prec$+1 conf9$ himself m p>ticul>ly to sell+ books dur+ ! fir/ =ty ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,philippe ,,pig\*et4 pp4 ,,philippe ,,pigov*et ,illu/ration3 ,,jehan ,,petit4 ,i ,p ,,iehan ,,petit ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,bade4 ,prel ,ascsian ,i ,b ,illu/ration3 ,,gillet ,,h>d\yn4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ge(frey ,,tory4 ,,non ,,plvs ,ge(frey ,tory resembl$ _m o!rs ( ! e>ly pr9t]s 9 be+ also a s*ol>2 b he 0 also an arti/ & an engrav]1 tak+ up & c>ry+ on ! great "w inaugurat$ by ,vo/re & ,vr>d4 ,he 0 born at ,b\rges 9 #adhj1 & "o ( 8 e>lie/ works1 :i* 0 publi%$ by ,petit & pr9t$ by ,gilles ,de ,g\rmont1 0 an edition ( ! 8,geography0 ( ,pomponius ,mela1 #aejg1 & betwe5 ?is "t & 8 dea? he produc$ a numb] ( ,books ( ,h\rs1 ! decoration ( :i* c only be describ$ z m>vell\s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful is und\bt$ly ! 8,heures de la ,vi]ge10 execut$ = ,simon ,de ,col9es4 ,:at int]e/s u mo/1 h[ev]1 is ! ,m>k :i* he adopt$ :5 he ent]$ into bus9ess z a pr9t] & booksell]2 x is p]haps ! mo/ elegant t _h be5 up to t "t design$4 ,?is ,m>k ( ! brok5 pit*]1 ) ! motto 8,non plus10 fir/ appe>$ at ! end ( a ,lat9 poem issu$ 9 #aebd1 is reg>d$ z a mem5to ( ! dea? ( 8 little daught] 9 #aebb1 & is ?us expla9$3 ! brok5 pit*] symbolizes h] c>e] cut %ort2 ! book ) clasps h] lit]>y /udies2 ! little w+$ figure h] s\l2 & ! motto 8,non plus10 8,je ne ti5s plus ri540 ,he gives 8 own int]pretation ( ?is ,m>k1 h[ev]1 9 t curi\s m$ley ( poetry & philosophy :i* he call$ 8,*ampfleury10 #aebi4 ,x may be m5tion$ t on "s ( ! b9d+s ( 8 qu>to volumes ! brok5 pit*] is transv]s$ by ! wimble or toret--an obvi\s pun on 8 "n4 ,! ,e/i5ne or ,eti5ne family is probably ! mo/ important & int]e/+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury pr9t]s ( ,p>is4 ,silve/re reproduces tw5ty ,m>ks :i* "o or o!r ( ! ,e/i5nes employ$1 & a description ( ^! might v well =m a di/9ct *apt]4 ,b a cond5s$ review ( ! family z a :ole mu/ suffice4 ,h5ry1 ! fir/ ( ! "n & *ief ( ! family1 0 born at ,p>is ab\t #adgj2 he />t$ 9 #aejb a pr9t+ & booksell+ bus9ess 9 ! ,rue du ,clos-,bruneau1 ne> ! ,ecoles de ,droit2 he adopt$ ! device1 8,plus olei quam v9i02 & tw5ty-eight works are catalogu$ z hav+ be5 pr9t$ by him4 ,he di$ 9 #aeba1 leav+ a wid[ & ?ree *ildr5--,franois1 ,rob]t1 & ,*>les4 ,franois ,i4 cont9u$ ! pr(ession 9 company ) ,simon ,de ,col9es1 :o _h be5 associat$ ) 8 fa!r1 & :o m>ri$ ! wid[ ( ,h5ry3 8 ,m>k is giv5 z an initial to ?is *apt]4 ,rob]t ,i41 ! second son ( ,h5ry1 0 born 9 #aejc1 & is probably m g5]ally kn[n z a ,greek1 ,lat91 & ,hebrew s*ol> ?an z a pr9t]4 ,= sev]al ye>s he1 l 8 bro!r1 0 associat$ ) ,de ,col9es2 he m>ri$ ,ptronille1 daught] ( ,badius 8,asc5sius10 & 0 a ,prote/ant2 9 #aebf he e/abli%$ a pr9t+-press 9 ! ,rue ,/4 ,jean-de-,beauvois at ! sign ( ! ,olive4 ,8 editions ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 classics 7 enri*$ ) useful notes1 & promises ( rew>d 7 (f]$ to ^? :o po9t$ out mi/akes4 ,he us$ ! types ( 8 fa!r & ,de ,col9es until ab\t #aecb1 :5 he obta9$ a m elegant f\nt ) :i* he pr9t$ 8 beautiful ,lat9 ,bible4 ,9 #aeeb he retir$ to ,g5eva1 :5 he pr9t$1 ) 8 bro!r-9-law1 ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ,fr5*4 ,he e/abli%$ "h ano!r pr9t+-press1 & issu$ a numb] ( good books1 :i* usually c>ri$ ! motto3 8,oliva ,rob]ti ,/ephani40 ,8 ,m>ks are at lea/ t5 9 numb]1 ( :i* sev5 are v>iations ( ! ,olive device1 & ?ree 79 z _m sizes7 ( ! s]p5t on a rod int]tw9$ ) a bran* ( a climb+ plant4 ,) ! exception ( ,franois ! o!r memb]s ( ! family us$ ! ,olive m>k1 sometimes h[ev] alt]+ ! motto1 & add+ 9 "s in/ances an ov]head decoration ( a h& issu+ f ! cl\ds & hold+ a sickle or reap+ hook4 ,he di$ 9 #aeei4 ,! ?ird son ( ! f\nd]1 ,*>les1 aft] receiv+ 8 diplomas z a doctor ( m$ic9e1 travell$ 9 ,g]many & ,italy1 return+ to ,p>is 9 #aeec1 & />t$ 9 bus9ess z a pr9t]4 ,among ! n9ety-two works :i* he pr9t$1 special m5tion may be made ( ! 8,diction>ium hi/oricum ac poeticum1 omnia g5tium1 hom9um1 locorum10 etc41 ,p>is1 #aeec1 repr9t$ at ,g5eva 9 #aeef1 at ,ox=d 9 #afga1 & ,london1 #afhf4 ,he possess$ ! opposite attributes ( be+ ! be/ pr9t] & ( hav+ ! wor/ temp] ( ! family1 & he ali5at$ himself f all 8 fri5ds & relations2 he 0 conf9$ 9 ! ,*atelet 9 ,p>is1 & di$ !re aft] two ye>s 9 #aefd4 ,h5ry ,,ii41 son ( ,rob]t ,i41 0 born 9 ,p>is 9 #aebh2 aft] leav+ college he travell$ on ! cont95t & visit$ ,engl&4 ,he return$ to ,p>is 9 #aeeb1 :5 8 fa!r 0 leav+ = ,g5eva4 ,9 #aeed he />t$ a pr9t+-press2 9 #aeff he publi%$ a translation ( ,h]odotus by ,valla1 revis$ & correct$1 def5d+1 9 ! preface1 ! ,fa!r ( ,hi/ory aga9/ ! reproa* ( cr$ulity4 ,*>les1 bro!r ( ,rob]t ,i41 e/abli%$ a pr9t+-press 9 #aeea1 & di$ crippl$ ) debts 9 #aefd4 ,rob]t ,,ii41 second son ( ,rob]t ,i41 0 born 9 #aecj1 &1 refus+ to adopt ! new religion1 0 dis9h]it$ by 8 fa!r2 he />t$ a pr9t+-press on 8 own acc\nt :5 8 fa!r retir$ to ,g5eva1 & issu$ =ty-eight books1 "s ( :i* possess$ ! m>k ( ! ,olive2 he 0 ! royal pr9t] 9 #aefa1 & di$ 9 #aege4 ,franois ,,ii41 ?ird son ( ,rob]t ,i41 pr9t$ 9 ,g5eva f ab\t #aefb to #aehb4 ,rob]t ,,iii41 eld] son ( ,rob]t ,,ii41 di$ 9 #afbi4 ,paul1 son ( ,h5ry ,,ii41 0 born 9 #aeff1 &1 aft] a brilliant s*ola/ic c>e]1 travell$ on ! cont95t1 & />t$ a pr9t+-press at ,g5eva 9 #aeii1 :]e he issu$ tw5ty-six editions ( ! classics :i* 7 p>ticul>ly notable = _! correctness & notes4 ,he di$ 9 #afbg1 & 8 son ,anto9e1 born #aeid1 e/abli%$ himself at tw5ty-six ye>s ( age z a pr9t] 9 ,p>is1 rev]t$ to ,roman ,ca?olicism1 0 appo9t$ pr9t] to ! k+ & to ! cl]gy1 dy+ at ! ,hotel ,dieu 9 #afgd4 ,! numb] ( editions :i* ?is celebrat$ family1 />t+ 9 #aejb & f9i%+ 9 #afgc1 issu$1 rea*es ! v l>ge numb] ( #aeij1 ?us classifi$3 !ology1 #bci2 jurisprud5ce1 #gi2 sci5ce & arts1 #aeb2 belles lettres1 #hbc2 & hi/ory1 #big4 ,( ! elev5 memb]s ( ?is family1 "o di$ 9 exile1 five 9 mis]y1 "o 9 a debtor's prison1 & two 9 ! hospital--8,lecteur1 que v\s faut-il de plus80 ,illu/ration3 ,,simon ,,de ,,col9es4 ,s ,d ,c ,s ,,decol9es ,illu/ration3 ,r4 ,,e/i5ne4 ,,noli ,,altvm ,,sap]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,e/i5ne4 ,al?\gh 9 ,france1 z else:]e1 we h to look to ! pr9t]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury = orig9ality & decorative beauty1 "s exce$+ly int]e/+ ,m>ks occur 9 ! sixte5?1 & are well wor? /udy+4 ,we h only space = ! enum]ation ( a few ( ! m important4 ,( ^!1 ,pi]re ,vid\e comes well 9 ! fir/ rank4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( ! e>ly ,p>isian ,greek typograph]s1 besides be+ a p]son ( le>n+ & em95ce1 & 0 issu+ books up to ! ye> #aedd2 8 edition ( ,ari/ophanes1 #aehb1 publi%$ by ,gilles ,de ,g\rmont1 is describ$ z 8a s+ul>ly curi\s impression10 :il/ t5 ye>s lat] he pr9t$ ,guillaume ,po/el's 8,l+u>um ,,xii4 *>act]ibus diff]5tium ,alphabetum10 :i* is describ$ by ,la ,caille z ! 8fir/ book pr9t$ 9 ori5tal "*10 a /atem5t1 h[ev]1 :i* is incorrect s f> z relates to ! ,hebrew4 ,he _h at lea/ ?ree ,m>ks1 all m or less simil>1 9 "o ( :i*1 h[ev]1 ! motto 8ard5tes juvo10 is supplem5t$ by 8p> sit =tuna labori40 ,( ! six ,r(fets :o 7 pr9t+ or publi%+ books 9 ,p>is dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! mo/ notable is p]haps ,pi]re1 ^: "n frequ5tly occurs 9 ! bookb9d+ acc\nts ( ,francis ,i42 ( _! sev5 ,m>ks1 ne>ly all m or less ( ! same 8ru/ic0 "*1 ! mo/ decorative is t ( ,jacques 7see p4 #cj74 ,9 _! sep>ate ways1 ! ,m>ks ( ,ma?ur9 ,breuille1 #aefb-hc 7p4 #cc71 & ,l\is ,cyaneus1 #aebi-df1 ea* possesses a pleas+ orig9ality1 ! latt] ( :i* is inscrib$ ) ! motto 8,tecum ,habita40 ,! two ,w*els1 ,&r & ,*re/i51 7 among ! mo/ em95t ( ! sixte5? c5tury ,p>isian pr9t]s1 & betwe5 !m employ$ ov] a doz5 m>ks4 ,all ^? ( ,&r 7 v>iations ( "o type1 namely1 two h&s hold+ a caduceus betwe5 two horns ( pl5ty surm\nt$ by ,pegasus4 ,?is _h also be5 us$ by ,*re/i51 ( ^: o!r ,m>k a reproduction is "h giv51 & ( :i* !re 7 sev]al v>iations4 ,regnault ,*audire's %op 0 9 ! ,rue ,/4 ,jacques1 at ! sign ( 8,l'homme ,sauvage10 :i* he adopt$ = 8 ,m>k3 ?is he appe>s to h *ang$ = "o emblematical ( ,"t :5 he took 8 son into p>tn]%ip1 & :i*1 ,maittaire ?9ks1 he may h borr[$ ( ,simon ,de ,col9es1 ^: daught] 7& only *ild7 he m>ri$4 ,we give ! l>ge/ ( ! examples us$ by ,guillaume ,*audire1 #aefd-ih on p4 #bh4 ,sba/i5 ,nivelle1 :o 0 work+ dur+ ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury until ! ?ird ye> ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 is a v int]e/+ figure 9 ! typographical annals ( ,p>is4 ,he 01 at ! "t ( 8 dea? at ! age ( eighty ye>s1 ! doy5 ( ! trade4 ,8 books 71 = ! mo/ "p1 beautifully pr9t$4 ,8 %op 0 9 ! ,rue ,/4 ,jacques at ! sign ( ! ,two ,/orks1 :i* he adopt$ = 8 exce$+ly beautiful ,m>k1 ! f\r m$allions repres5t+ sc5es ( filial piety4 ,8 daught] 0 ! "m ( ,sba/i5 ,cramoisy1 8typographus regius10 :o inh]it$ ! e/abli%m5t ( 8 gr&fa!r4 ,( ! some:at crudely drawn ,m>k--an evid5t pun on 8 surname--us$ 9 or ab\t #aejd1 by ,guillaume ,du ,puys1 ! sign ( ! %op be+ ! ,sam>itan1 a mu* m decorative example 0 us$1 9 v>i\s sizes1 by ,jacques ,du ,puys 7p4 #aj71 :o 0 a booksell]1 #aedi-ia1 r ?an a pr9t]4 ,equally f9e 9 ano!r way is ! trip>tite example1 giv5 on page #acj1 us$ by ,guillaume ,m]l9 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,guillaume ,desboys & ,sba/i5 ,nivelle1 9 #aeei1 & also ) ! latt] 9 #aega4 ,! ,m>k is ! int]pretation ( ! f\r l9es3 8,v5iet tempus meissionis4 ,non od]is laboriosa op]a4 ,homo nascitur ad laborem1 ,vade1 pig]1 ad =micam40 ,illu/ration3 ,p4 ,,vid\e4 ,,avd5tes ,,ivvo ,p4 ,,vidov ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,cyaneus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,&r ,w,,*el4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*re/i5 ,w,,*el4 ,,vnicvm ,,arbv/v ,,non ,,alit ,,dvos ,,eri?agos ,illu/ration3 ,s,,ba/i5 ,,nivelle4 ,s ,n ,,honora ,,patrem ,,tvvm1 ,,et ,,matrem ,,tvam4 ,,vt ,,sis ,,long,,vvs ,,svp] ,,t]ram4 ,,exod4 #bj4 ,on ! opposite page we reproduce ! ,m>k ,nivelle us$ = ! books :i* he produc$ alone4 ,aft] ,p>is1 ! next mo/ important t[n 9 ,france1 s f> z pr9t]s & _! ,m>ks are conc]n$1 is ,lyons4 ,! fir/ book pr9t$ 9 ?is city is presum$ to be 8,c>d9alis ,lo?>ii ,tractatus qu9que10 8,lugduni1 ,b>?olomu ,buy]ius10 #adgc 79 qu>to74 ,! same pr9t] also publi%$ ! fir/ ,fr5* translation ( ! ,bible1 by ,julian ,ma*o & ,pi]re ,f]get1 :i* 0 execut$ betwe5 #adgc & #adgd1 f :i* date ! art ( pr9t+ 9 ,lyons increas$ by leaps & b\nds4 ,panz] notices ov] #bej works execut$ 7by ne>ly =ty pr9t]s7 "h dur+ ! qu>t] ( a c5tury :i* foll[$4 ,! mo/ notable among ^! is p]haps ,josse ,bade1 to :om we h already ref]r$4 ,! =m] ( ! two 8hone/es homes ,mi*elet topie de pymont3 ,iaques h]emb]ck dalemaigne10 possess$ a ,m>k :i* may be reg>d$ z "o ( ! e>lie/1 if n actually ! fir/1 employ$ at ,lyons4 ,topie & ,h]emb]k pr9t$ ! fir/ edition ( ! 8,*ronique ,sc&aleuse10 ab\t #adhh1 & ,breyd5ba*'s 8,voyage ,j]usalem10 ( ab\t ! same p]iod--! latt] ( :i* conta9s ! fir/ examples ( copp]-plate engrav+ 9 ,france1 ! panorama ( ,v5ice alone be+ sixty-f\r in*es 9 l5g?4 ,contempor>y ) ^!1 ,johannes or ,jehan ,tres*el des]ves notice n only z an em95t pr9t]1 b also z ! fa!r-9-law ( "o /ill m em95t--,bade4 ,tres*el's illu/rat$ edition ( ,t]5ce1 #adic1 is describ$ z =m+ 8! mo/ /rik+ & arti/ic "w ( illu/ration produc$ by ! e>ly ,fr5* s*ool40 ,! mo/ g5]ally kn[n ( all ! ,lyonese pr9t]s is ,eti5ne ,dolet1 :o1 born at ,orleans 9 #aeji1 di/+ui%$ himself n only z a pr9t]1 b z a ,lat9 s*ol>1 a poet1 & an orator2 he 0 burnt z an a!i/ 9 ,augu/1 #aedf4 ,dolet1 z ,mr4 ,*ancellor ,*ri/ie tells u 9 8 exhau/ive monograph1 adopt$ a ,m>k & motto :i* are to be f\nd 9 all or ne>ly all ! productions ( 8 press4 ,! ,m>k & ! motto are equally allusive3 ! =m] is an axe ( ! k9d kn[n z doloire1 held 9 a h& :i* is issu+ out ( a cl\d4 ,bel[ is a portion ( a trunk ( a tree2 x is usually surr\nd$ by ! motto1 8,scabra et impolita ad amussim dolo atque p]folia02 x is (t5 also surr\nd$ by an ornam5tal woodcut bord]1 z 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration2 & 9 "s cases ! words 8scabra dolo0 are pr9t$ on ! axe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m]l91 ,,desboys ,,& ,,nivelle4 ,,homo ,,nascitvr ,,ad ,,laborem ,,vade ,,pig] ,,ad ,,=micam ,,prov5iet ,,tempvs ,,messionis ,,non ,,od]is ,,laboriosa ,,op]a ,illu/ration3 ,m4 ,,topie4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,tres*el4 ,i ,t ,illu/ration3 ,e4 ,,dolet4 ,two contempor>y ,lyonese firms ( pr9t]s1 ! ,de ,t\rnes & ,de la ,portes1 appe> to h rivall$ "o ano!r 9 ! numb] ( _! ,m>ks4 ,jean ,de ,t\rnes1 #aedb-ej1 himself _h no less ?an elev5 ,m>ks1 sev]al ( :i* are exce$+ly graceful1 "o ( ! l>ge/ & be/ ( :i* repres5ts a s[]1 & s]ves z an excell5t p5dant to ! reap] ( ,jacques ,r(fet1 bo? ( :i* appe> 9 our fir/ *apt]4 ,! sev5 or eight memb]s ( ! ,de la ,porte family us$ at lea/ half a score ,m>ks betwe5 !m4 ,! family1 beg9n+ ) ,aym ,de la ,porte 9 ! la/ decade ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & end+ ) ,sibylle ,de la ,porte1 7 9 bus9ess fir/ z pr9t]s1 !n z booksell]s1 = j a c5tury2 & ! punn+ device app>5tly orig9at$1 n ) ! fir/ memb] ( ! family1 b ) ,jehan1 :o />t$ a bus9ess 9 ,p>is ab\t #aejh1 & 9 8 ,m>k ! %ield be>s a ca/ellat$ doorway2 ! picture ( ! biblical ,samson c>ry+ (f ! gates 0 app>5tly fir/ us$ by ,hugues ,de la ,porte1 :o 0 a booksell] at ,lyons f #aecj2 ?is 0 sup]s$$ = ! m pictorial & consid]ably small] example1 "h giv51 :5 he ent]$ into p>tn]%ip ) ,anto9e ,v9c5t ab\t #aeei4 ,al?\gh ! ,du ,prs 7 ,p>isian pr9t]s1 ,jehan ( t family issu$ sev]al books at ,lyons dur+ ! la/ few ye>s ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & "o ( 8 ?ree ,m>ks is giv5 on p4 #ajh4 ,sba/i5 ,gryphe1 or ,gryphius1 :o pr9t$ & publi%$ a l>ge numb] ( works dur+ ! second qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 0 also extravagant 9 ! way ( ,m>ks1 ( :i* !re are at lea/ eight1 all1 h[ev]1 ( "o common type--! ,griff91 sometimes q )\t any sort ( decorative attributes or motto1 & sometimes z 9 ! example "h giv54 ,illu/ration3 ,,hugues ,,de ,,la ,,porte ,,& ,a4 ,,v9c5t4 ,,lib]tatem ,,meam ,,mecvm ,,porto ,,v9c5ti ,illu/ration3 ,s,,ba/i5 ,,gryphe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacques ,,colomies4 ,i ,c ,,iacqves ,,colomies ,s f> z reg>ds ! ,fr5* cities & t[ns1 we h only space to ref] briefly to a few ( ! m important4 ,aft] ,p>is & ,lyons1 ,t\l\se 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ places 9 ,france 9 :i* a pr9t+-press 0 set up4 ,al?\gh n ! fir/1 ,jacques ,colomies 0 "o ( ! fir/1 z he 0 "o ( ! mo/ prolific ( ! e>ly pr9t]s ( ,t\l\se1 work+ f #aecj to #aegb4 ,pr9t+ 0 e/abli%$ at ,ca5 9 #adhj2 b ,pi]re ,*&eli]1 ^: punn+ ,m>k we give1 did n />t "w until eighty ye>s aft] its fir/ introduction4 ,a punn+ device 7p4 #g71 also is t ( ,jehan ,lecoq1 :o 0 pr9t+ at ,troyes f ab\t #aeji to #aecj4 ,! only ,r\5 pr9t] to :om we %all ref] is ,m>t9 ,mor91 :o appe>s to h be5 at "w "h z a pr9t] f ab\t #adhd to #aeah1 & ( 8 ,m>ks we give "o example2 ano!r is =m$ ( a l>ge initial ,m1 decorat$ ) a v>iety ( grotesque heads1 ) ! surname ,mor9 on ! two c5tral /rokes ( ! lett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,m4 ,,mor94 ,m ,m ,,imprime ,a ,,rov5 ,,devant ,,sa9ct ,,lo ,illu/ration3 ,,pi]re ,,le ,,*&eli]4 ,,lvc]nis ,,acc5sis ,,fidelit] ,,m9i/ro4 ,decoration ,,pr9t]s' ,,m>ks ,,( ,,g]many ,,& ,,switz]l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacobi ,,?ann]4 i t ,al?\gh ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k 9 ,g]many is nei!r ext5sive 9 v>iety nor />tl+ 9 surprises1 !re are /ill v _m features ( g5]al int]e/4 ,& if ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k1 z we h already se51 _h its orig9 9 ,ma9z1 its developm5t is c]ta9ly due to ! ,/rassburg craftsm54 ,z no o!r city 9 ,g]many c %[ su* a v>i$ collection ( beautiful ,m>ks1 examples ( ! ,/rasburg pr9t]s w prepond]ate 9 ?is *apt]4 ,x is n[ g5]ally accept$ t ! art ( pr9t+ 0 c>ri$ on 9 ,/rassburg 7,arg5t9a1 ,arg5t-oratum71 ei!r 9 #adei or #adfj1 by ,johan ,m5tel91 :o appe>s to h cont9u$ 9 ! bus9ess until #adgf2 & ab\t six ye>s aft] he _h />t$1 ,he9ri* ,egge/e9 comm5c$1 & cont9u$ until ab\t #adgh4 ,accept+ ! arrangem5t ( ,h]r ,paul ,heitz & ,dr4 ,k>l ,augu/ ,b>ack 9 _! v elaborate 8,elsssis*e ,b*]m>k5 bis ,anfang des #ah4 ,jahrhund]ts10 ! fir/ ,/rasburg pr9t] to use a ,m>k 0 ,johann ,grn+]1 :o1 aft] work+ at ,basel = a ye> or two1 took up 8 resid5ce 9 ,/rassburg at ! end ( #adhb4 ,"o ( 8 fir/ ,m>ks appe>$ 9 ,brant's 8,n>r5s*iff10 #adid1 & ( ?is our example is an elaboration4 ,by ! ye> #aebe he employ$ no less ?an five di/9ct examples1 ! la/ ( :i*1 9 ,ptolemu1 8,geographic ,en>rationes10 #aebe1 diff]s completely f all ! o!rs1 ! s+le lett] ,g occupy+ ! c5tre ( ! masonic compass & rule4 ,grn+]1 x may be not$1 0 ! pr9t] ( 8,cosmographie ,introductio10 #aeji2 ! second edition ( ! fam\s book 9 :i* ! "n ,am]ica 0 propos$ & us$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,he is fur!r not$ = ! numb] ( mispr9ts :i* occur 9 ! books issu$ by him4 ,! la/ book :i* be>s 8 impr9t is app>5tly 8,geb]i philosophi ac al*imi/ maximi1 de ,al*imia1 libri tres10 ,m>*1 #aebi4 ,m>t9 ,s*ott's di/9ct device is f\nd 9 at lea/ ?ree books ( ! date #adih1 includ+ ,ma!olus' 8,ars memorativa10 & 0 us$ by him until #aeag4 ,x 0 also us$ by 8 son1 ,johann ,s*ott1 ab\t #aeda1 ! same pr9t] us+ sev5 or eight o!r ,m>ks1 all m or less di/9ct1 at diff]5t p]iods4 ,! fir/ book be>+ ,m>t9 ,s*ott's "n is dat$ #adia1 & he cont9u$ pr9t+ until #adii2 :ile 8 son 0 9 bus9ess f #aejj to #aede4 ,equally di/9ct is ! accompany+ example--"o ( sev]al--us$ by ,johann ,knobl\*1 :i* is f\nd 9 ! majority ( ! books pr9t$ by him f ab\t #aeba to #aebf1 notably sev]al works by ,erasmus 7e4g4 8,mori ,encomium10 #aebb1 & ! 8,novum ,te/am5tum10 #aebc74 ,! fa!r />t$ 9 #adig1 & 0 succe$$ by 8 son1 :o cont9u$ ! bus9ess until #aeeh4 ,! ,m>k1 x may be m5tion$1 is a some:at atroci\s pun on ! own]'s "n1 :i* is ! ,g]man = 8g>lic10 ) ! se$ pods ( :i* ! figure emblematically repres5t+ ,ignorance asc5d+ f d>kness into light is encircl$2 ?is ,m>k is g5]ally surr\nd$ by mottoes 9 ,greek1 ,hebrew1 & ,lat94 ,illu/ration3 ,,johann ,,gr,,n+]4 ,,iohannes4 ,,santvs ,illu/ration3 ,,m>t9 ,,s*ott4 ,m ,s ,illu/ration3 ,,johann ,,knobl\*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,re9h>d ,,beck4 ,illu/ration3 ,,re9h>d ,,beck4 ,,rb ,al?\gh ,re9h>d1 or ,r5atus1 ,beck 0 only 9 bus9ess = ab\t elev5 ye>s1 #aeaa-aebb1 he _h sev]al ,m>ks1 :i* diff]$ *iefly 9 _! extrane\s ornam5t1 z w be se5 f ! accompany+ examples4 ,two books1 s9e nota1 :i* ,mr4 ,qu>it* assigns to ,beck's press1 ( ! date #adij1 are rem>kable = ! l>ge numb] ( woodcuts :i* !y conta91 relat+ pr9cipally to plants1 animals1 g>d5+ op]ations1 rural ar*itecture1 s t ! ,m>k ( 8e9 wild] ,mann0 is s f> 9 keep+ ) ! nature ( 8 publications4 ,f\rte5 or fifte5 ,m>ks1 sev]al ( :i* are only v>iations ( "o type1 h be5 id5tifi$ z hav+ be5 us$ by ,wolfgang ,kpfel 7^: surname sometimes appe>s 9 its ,greek translation ( ,cephalu7 betwe5 #aebb & #aeed3 ! mo/ rem>kable1 ( :i* we give a reproduction1 appe>s to h be5 us$ v r>ely1 notably 9 8,zehn ,s]mones0 ( ,lu!r1 #aebc2 a mu* common] type is ! small] example1 :i* appe>$ 9 v>i\s books issu$ betwe5 #aebf-aeed4 ,georg ,ullri*] von ,&lau1 #aebi-cf1 conf9$ himself to "o type 7see p4 #a71 t ( ! ,cornucopia or ,horn ( ,pl5ty1 ( :i* !re are sev5 v>iants4 ,! m elaborate ( ! two ,m>ks ( ,mat?ias ,bi5]1 or ,api>ius1 #aecc-cf1 appe>s 9 ,oecolampadius' 8,comm5t>ius0 on ! ,prophet ,ezekiel1 #aecd1 & is an evid5t pun on ! pr9t]'s surname4 ,sev]al ( ! doz5 ,m>ks us$ by ,craft ,mll]1 or ,crato ,mylius1 #aecf-fb1 are exce$+ly bold & picturesque1 al?\gh1 ) ! exception ( ! ,c]es1 !y are all v>iants ( ! leon9e type3 ! ,c]es 0 app>5tly us$ only 9 8 fir/ book1 8,auslegung od] ,po/illa des heil4 ,zm>agdi10 #aecf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wolfgang ,k,,pfel4 ,,e/as ,,hyems ,,prope ,,longe ,,mors ,,et ,,vita ,illu/ration3 ,,wolfgang ,k,,pfel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,craft ,m,,ll] 7,,crato ,,mylius74 ,ho/ibus haud t]go1 s$ =ti pectore notus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mat?ias ,,bi5] 7,,api>ius74 1 4 ,ioan4 #e4 ,vrsus insidians esuri5s1 pr9ceps impius sup] populum paup]em4 ,?re4 #c4 ,pr\]b4 #bh4 ,quam dulcia faucibus meis eloquia tua1 sup] mel ori meo4 ,psal4 #aah4 ,omnia probate1 quod bonum fu]it t5ete4 #a4 ,!ss4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,craft ,m,,ll]4 ,alma ,spicif]a ,flaua ,,c]es4 ,ni purges molas non com$es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,!odosius ,,rihel1 ,,josias ,,rihel 7,,und ,,d]5 ,,erb574 ,w5del9 ,rihel 0 ! f\nd] ( "o ( ! longe/-liv$ dyna/ies ( ,/rassburg pr9t]s1 :o 7 issu+ books f #aece to #afci2 _! eighte5 ,m>ks h all ! same subject1 a w+$ figure ( ,sophrosyne1 hold+ 9 "o h& a rule1 & 9 ! o!r a bridle & halt]4 ,( ,?iebold ,b]g]1 :o appe>s to h be5 9 bus9ess f #aeea-aehd1 v little is kn[n1 ei!r ( 8 books or 8 p]sonality2 8 ,m>k is1 h[ev]1 pretty1 & unique1 s f> z ,/rassburg is conc]n$4 ,laz>us ,zetzn] & 8 successors1 ^: works date f #aehf to #afdh1 & ^: ,m>ks numb] ne>ly ?irty1 all v>iants ( ! example "h giv53 x is a bu/ ( ,m9]va support$ on a %ort squ>e p$e/al1 on :i* is inscrib$ ! words 8,sci5tia immutabilis40 ,?is family pr9t$ a l>ge numb] ( works1 f a ,lu!ran ,bible to ,aret9i's 8,hi/ori ,flor5t940 ,z an example ( a r>e & di/9ct ,m>k we give "o ( two employ$ by ,conrad ,s*]1 #afjc-ca1 :i* 0 subsequ5tly us$ by ,johannes ,reppius1 also ( ,/rassburg4 ,curiosity is ! only feature ( ! solit>y example ( ,david ,hau?1 #afce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,laz>us ,,zetzn]4 ,,sci5tia ,,immutabilis ,illu/ration3 ,,?iebold ,,b]g]4 ,,timete ,,dom9vm ,,omnes ,,sancti ,,eivs ,,qvoniam ,,non ,,e/ ,,inopia ,,tim5tibvs ,,evm4 ,,ps3#cd ,illu/ration3 ,,conrad ,,s*]4 ,prud5tia ,firma ,et ,simplex ,spes ,illu/ration3 ,,david ,,hau?4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,r4 ,,dulsseck]4 ,,dom9us ,,providebit ,b ( all ! ,/rassburg pr9t]s1 !re c be no d\bt t1 f a /rictly pictorial po9t ( view1 ! ,m>ks ( ,johann ,re9hold ,dulsseck]1 #afif-agcg1 are by f> ! mo/ beautiful4 ,inde$1 9 _m respects !y are ! mo/ *>m+ examples to be f\nd among ! devices ( any "t or c\ntry4 ,9 "s in/ances !y p>take mu* m ( ! "* ( a vignette ?an a tradesman's m>k4 ,8 e>lie/ device is compos$ ( 8 monogram2 & 8 fir/ decorative ,m>k is ! v beautiful little picture ( an ,engli% g>d51 9 ! c5tral pa?way ( :i* occurs 8 initials4 ,?is ,m>k appe>s to h be5 us$ 9 only "o book1 8,m4 ,fabii ,qu9ctiliani ,declamationes 444 ex rec5sione ,ulrici ,obre*ti10 #afih4 ,a type ( ,m>k v frequ5tly us$ by him occurs 9 ,s*ilt]'s 8,scriptores ,r]um ,g]manic>um10 #agjb1 ) 8 motto ( 8,dom9us providebit10 & ( ?is ,m>k we give an excessively r>e v>iant on p4 #dg4 ,he _h elev5 ,m>ks1 8 li/ includes books ( all k9ds1 9 ,lat91 ,g]man1 & ,fr5*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,johann ,,re9hold ,,dulsseck]4 ,,foecundante ,,deo ,,9 ,,v>ios ,,producimur ,,usus ,( ! o!r ,alsatian pr9t]s we h only room to ref] to two examples4 ,?omas ,an%elm 7or ,an%elmi ,bad5sis7 is p]haps ! mo/ em95t ( ! e>ly ,hag5au pr9t]s1 8 books dat+ f #adhh to #aebb1 ! e>lie/ ( :i*1 h[ev]1 7 n pr9t$ at ?is place4 ,8 ,m>ks all c>ry ! initials ,t ,a ,b1 ! ,hebrew lett]s 9 ! accompany+ example repres5t+ ! "n ,jehovah2 9 8 mo/ elegant ,m>k ! same ^w is support$ on a scroll by a *]ub1 :il/ ano!r *]ub is support+ a second scroll on :i* is inscrib$ ! ^w ,jesus 9 ,greek *>act]s4 ,! /yle & workman%ip ( ?is woodcut sugge/ ! h& ( ,hans ,s*aufele91 & x is wor? not+ t 9 #aeaf ,an%elm produc$ 8,doctr9a ,vita et ,passio ,jesu ,*ri/i10 "s ( ! illu/rations ( :i* 7 by ,s*aufele94 ,an%elm issu$ a l>ge numb] ( books1 includ+ ! works ( ,pl9y1 ,melanc?on1 ,erasmus1 ,cic]o1 etc4 ,val5t9 ,kobian1 #aecb-db1 ins]t$ an exce$+ly orig9al & /rik+ ,m>k 9 ! edition ( ,erasmus' 8,h]oicum ,c>m510 #aecf1 ! ,peacock ) "o foot on a ,cock & ! o!r on a cr\*+ ,lion be+ highly effective4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,an%elm4 ,hebrew ,t ,a ,b ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! sup]flu\s ^w 8,hebrew0 0 includ$ to keep ! text display f misbehav+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,val5t9 ,,kobian4 ,anno ,m4,d4 ,,xxxvi4 m5s3 ,septem3 ,non ,aquil gr&i sociatum turgide ,pauum ' ,galle premes tecum mox ,leo uictus erit ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,,!r ,,ho]n54 ,explicit pres5s vocabulorum mat]ia4 a p]docto eloqu5tissimo que viro4 do ,gh]>do de s*u]5 ,ccell>io ,illu/rissimi ducis ,cli u5sis ex diu]sorum t]m9i/>um volum9ibus contexta4 propriisque eiusdem manibus labore +5ti c scripta ac correcta ,colonie p] me ,arnold !r ho5 dilig5tissime impressa4 f9ita sub annis dom9i4 ,m4cccc4lxxvij4 die vltimo m5sis maij4 ,de quo cri/o m>ie filio sit laus et gloria p] seculorum secula ,am54 ,pr9t+ _h n e/abli%$ itself at ,cologne until f\r ye>s lat] ?an at ,/rassburg4 ,ulric ,zell1 at ! disp]sal ( ! ,ma9z pr9t]s1 settl$ himself 9 ?is city1 :]e he 0 pr9t+ f ab\t #adfc to ne>ly ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,he 0 cle>ly n an innovator1 = he nev] pr9t$ a book 9 ,g]man1 & did n adopt any ( ! improvem5ts ( 8 confrres :o _h settl$ !mselves 9 ,italy2 he 8rigidly adh]$ to ! sev]e /yle ( ,s*oeff]1 pr9t+ all 8 books f ?ree sizes ( a rude face ( a r\nd go?ic type40 ,x is n to him !re=e t we c look = any?+ 9 ! way ( ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks1 ! e>lie/ ,cologne pr9t] to adopt :i* 0 app>5tly ,arnold ,!r ,ho]n51 ^: colophons1 ( :i* we give an example1 7 (t5 pr9t$ 9 r$4 ,8 ,m>k is a triangle ( :i* ! two upright sides are prolong$ ) a crosslet2 9 ! c5tre a />1 & on ei!r side ! go?ic lett]s ,t ,h1 ! :ole be+ on a v small %ield hang+ f a brok5 /ump4 ,h]man ,bumg>t1 "o ( ^: books be>s ! subscription 8,g$ruckt 9 ,coelne up d5 ,ald5 ,m>t tzo dem wild5 manne10 & :o 0 9 ,cologne at ! latt] end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 has a special int]e/ to u f ! probability t he 0 9 "s way connect$ ) ! e>ly ,scotti% pr9t]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]man ,,bumg>t4 ,impressum ,colonie super antiqu =um 9 ,silue/ri viro4 ,once />t$1 ! idea ( ! ,m>k 0 quickly tak5 up4 ,johann ,koelh(f1 #adgj-aejj1 ! fir/ pr9t] to use pr9t$ signatures 79 8 edition ( ,nyd]1 8,preceptorium div9 legis10 #adgb71 came out ) a l>ge b r\ghly drawn example1 ! arms ( ,cologne1 consi/+ ( a knight's helmet1 ) peacock fea!rs1 cre/1 & elaborate mantles1 surm\nt+ a %ield ) ! ?ree cr[ns 9 *ief1 ! re/ ( ! escut*eon blank1 & rabbits 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,koelh(f 7:o describes himself 8de ,lubeck07 0 ! pr9t] ( ! 8,cologne ,*ronicle10 #adii1 & ( an edition ( 8,b>?olomu de ,proprietatibus ,r]um10 #adha4 ,sev]al int]e/+ ,cologne ,m>ks ( ! fir/ ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury may be not$4 ,= in/ance1 ,eu*>ius ,c]vicornus1 #aeag-cf1 us$ a caduceus on an ornam5t$ %ield1 & pr9t$ among o!r books :at is believ$ to be ! e>lie/ edition ( ,maximilianus ,transylvanus' 8,de ,moluccis ,insulis10 #aebc1 9 :i* ! discov]ies ( ,f]d9& ,magellan & ! e>lie/ circumnavigation ( ! globe 7 ann\nc$4 ,l ,koelh(f1 ,nicolas ,cs>1 or ,kais]1 :o 0 e/abli%$ z a pr9t] at ,cologne 9 #aeah1 us$ ! ,cologne arms z a ,m>k1 :i* is suffici5tly di/9ct f ! e>li] example to be quot$ "h4 ,johann ,sot]1 #aeah-cf1 is ano!r exce$+ly int]e/+ p]sonality 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,cologne pr9t+4 ,we give ! m elaborate ( ! two m>ks us$ by him & reproduc$ by ,b]jeau3 ! %ield conta9s ! ,rosicrucian triple triangle on ! ?re%old ( a ,r5aissance door4 ,dur+ ! latt] end ( 8 c>e] at ,cologne1 ,sot] _h also an e/abli%m5t at ,sol+51 :]e he pr9t$ 8sev]al works ( a description :i* r5d]$ too haz>d\s _! publication 9 ! =m] city40 ,arnold ,birckmann & 8 successors1 #aefb-ib1 us$ ! accompany+ ,m>k ( a h5 "u a tree4 ,aft] ,gn!r ,za9]1 #adfh-gg1 :o introduc$ pr9t+ into ,augsburg1 ! mo/ notable typograph] ( ?is city is p]haps ,erh>t ,ratdolt1 to :om ref]5ce is made 9 ! *apt] on ,italian ,m>ks4 ,we give ! r /rik+ ,m>k--a :ite fleur-de-lis on black gr\nd spr++ f a globe--( ,erh>t ,ogl91 ,augsburg1 #aeje-af1 "o ( ^: productions1 by ,conrad ,reitt]1 #aejh1 is rem>kable z hav+ a s]ies ( ,dea?-,dance pictures2 ,hans ,holbe9 0 eight ye>s ( age :5 x appe>$1 & 0 !n liv+ 9 8 native t[n ( ,augsburg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,johann ,,koelh(f4 i k ,illu/ration3 ,,ni*olas ,c,,s>4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,sot]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,arnold ,,birckmann4 ,,vtilia ,,semp] ,,nova ,,saepivs ,,pr(]o ,= typographical purposes ,switz]l& may be reg>d$ z an integral portion ( ,g]many1 & x 0 to ,basle t ,b]?old ,rodt ( ,hanau1 "o ( ,fu/'s workm51 is assum$ to h br\ght ! art ab\t ! ye> #adfg4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ,basle pr9t]s to adopt a ,m>k 0 ,jacobus ,de ,p=tzheim1 #adhh-aeah1 :o us$ two v di/9ct examples1 ( :i* we give ! m spirit$1 ! left %ield c>ry+ ! arms ( ! city 9 :i* he 0 work+4 ,x appe>s = ! fir/ "t 9 8,grammatica ,p4 ,francisci nigri ,a4 ,v5eti sac]doti oratoris10 etc41 #aejj4 ,! second ,m>k is emblematical ( ! ,swiss w>rior4 ,! mo/ em95t ( ! ,basle pr9t]s 0 h[ev] ,johann ,frob51 #adij-aebg1 :o numb]$ among 8 8read]s0 su* m5 z ,wolfgang ,la*n]1 ,heil&1 ,musculus1 ,oecolampadius1 & ,erasmus4 ,v few1 if any1 ,g]man works 7 pr9t$ by him2 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ,greek 0 pr9t$ by him 9 #aeaf1 ,erasmus be+ ! editor4 ,frob5's device 7to :i* l5g?y ref]5ce has already be5 made1 & into a discussion ( ! extremely num]\s v>iants ( :i* we ne$ n ent] "h7 l$ ,erasmus to ?9k t 8 le>n$ fri5d did inde$ unite ! wisdom ( ! s]p5t to ! simplicity ( ! dove 7see p4 #dc74 ,two o!r e>ly ,basle pr9t]s1 ,mi*ael ,furt]1 #adij-aeag1 & ,ni*olas ,lamp>t]1 #aeje-ai1 us$ ,m>ks "o %ield ( ea* ( :i* c>ri$ ! arms ( ,basle4 ,h5ricpetri 0 a celebrat$ pr9t] ( ,basle1 #aebc-gh1 & _h a ,m>k ( q a unique "*1 repres5t+ ,?or's hamm]1 held by a h& issu+ f ! cl\ds1 /rik+ fire on ! rock1 :ile a head1 symboliz+ w9d1 bl[s ^u x4 ,to yet ano!r di/+ui%$ ,basle pr9t]1 ,crat&]1 ref]5ce is made1 & 8 ,m>k giv51 9 ! second *apt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,erh>d ,,ogl94 ,e ,o ,illu/ration3 ,,jacobus ,,de ,,p=tzheim4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ricpetri4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wilhelm ,,moritz ,,endt]',s ,,daught]4 ,,omnia ,,lv/rat ,! mo/ fam\s1 z he 0 "o ( ! e>lie/1 if n actually ! fir/1 pr9t]s ( ,nuremb]g1 or ,nrnb]g1 ,an?ony ,kob]g]1 does n appe> to h us$ a ,m>k4 ,inde$1 ! ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks ( ,nrnb]g g5]ally d n make any?+ l s good a %[ z ^? ( ,cologne & o!r l>ge ,g]man cities4 ,! e>lie/ ,m>k ( all is probably t ( ,wilhelm ,moritz ,endt]'s daught]1 :i* repres5ts a rocky l&scape1 ) a t[n 9 ! backgr\nd light$ by ! sun4 ,endt]'s books1 x may be m5tion$1 are excessively r>e4 ,a mu* bett] kn[n pr9t] ( ?is place is ,johann ,weiss5burg]1 :o />t$ "h 9 #aejc1 & cont9u$ until #aeac1 :5 he remov$ to ,l&%ut1 & rema9$ !re until #aeca4 ,he us$ ! accompany+ ,m>k at bo? places1--! precise signification ( ! lett]s ,h ,h on "o side ( ! globe is n kn[n4 ,mr4 ,qu>it* describes a book ( ,jacobus ,lo*]1 publi%$ by ?is pr9t] 9 #aejf1 :i* is rem>kable z conta9+ a numb] ( woodcuts 8:i*1 9 _! /yle & _s1 draw ! book into close connexion ) ! #8,%ip ( ,fools4'0 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,weiss5burg]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mel*ior ,,lott]4 ,m ,l ,illu/ration3 ,v4 ,,s*umann4 ,v ,s ,l ,d ,sev]al ( ! ,m>ks ( ! e>ly pr9t]s ( ,leipzig1 into :i* pr9t+ 0 introduc$ 9 #adhj1 are ( great int]e/ & possess q a "* ( _! own4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/1 = example1 is t ( ,mel*ior ,lott]1 :o issu$ a l>ge numb] ( books f #adia to #aecf4 ,! ^w 8,lott]0 is equival5t to 8vagabond0 9 ,engli%1 & ! ,m>k h]e) consi/s ( an emblem ( a m5dicant 9 a half-suppliant po/ure4 ,mel*ior ,lott] junior 0 pr9t+ at ,witt5b]g f #aebj to #aebd1 :]e he pr9t$ anonym\sly ! fir/ edition ( ,lu!r's ,bible1 ) illu/rations by ,lucas ,crana*1 #aebb1 :i* an en?usia/ic bibliopole has describ$ z 8"o ( ! great works ( ! _w40 ,val5t9 ,s*umann1 #aejb-cd 7& probably mu* lat]71 is ano!r em95t ,leipzig pr9t]1 be+ ! fir/ to attempt pr9t+ 9 ,hebrew *>act]s 9 a ,hebrew gramm>1 #aebj4 ,! initials ,l ,d on 8 ,m>k are tak5 to signify 8,lipsi5sis ,dem&]0 or ,dam&]1 a rude ,lat9ization ( ,s*umann :i* he sometimes us$4 ,suffici5tly qua9t also is ! ,m>k ( ,jacobus ,?ann]1 #aeja-ba1 :i* =ms ! initial to ! pres5t *apt]4 ,by #aejj pr9t+ _h rea*$ to ,olmtz1 :]e ,conrad ,baumg>t5 0 issu+ until #aejb works *iefly levell$ aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,rome2 f #aejc to #aeje ! same pr9t] _h e/abli%$ himself 9 ,breslau1 :i* he aga9 *ang$ = ,frank=t-am-,od]1 #aejg-ad1 remov+ aga9 9 ! latt] ye> to ,leipzig4 ,! ,w on "o ( ! %ields ( 8 ,m>k is ! initial ( ,wratislau1 ! ,poli% "n ( ,breslau1 & ! female sa9t on ! o!r %[s ! arms ( ! t[n4 ,x appe>s to be unc]ta9 :e!r pr9t+ 0 introduc$ into ,frank=t-am-,ma9 9 #aeaa or #aecj2 b ! only ,m>k :i* we ne$ quote is t ( ,johann ,feyrab5dt1 ^: *ief int]e/ to po/]ity lies 9 ! fact t he pr9t$ ,jo/ ,ammon's 8,kn/li*e wohlg]iss5e neu ,figur5 von all]ley ,jagtkun/10 #aeib3 8 ,m>k is emblematical ( ,fame1 w+$1 bl[+ a ,g]man horn1 & enclos$ 9 a c>t\*e4 ,&reas ,we*el 0 pr9t+ at ,frank=t f #aegc to #aeha1 8 ,m>k be+ ! well-kn[n "o ( ! ,pegasus4 ,al?\gh ,jacob ,/adelb]g]1 ,heidelb]g1 0 n by any means an em95t pr9t]1 8 ,m>k is well wor?y ( note3 x consi/s ( ?ree %ields1 ! "r ( :i* be>s ! arms ( ,bav>ia1 ! left a lion rampant1 ! arms ( ,heidelb]g1 & t ( ! middle is suppos$ to repres5t ! arms ( ,zuri*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,conrad ,,baumg>t54 ,w ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,feyrab5d4 ,illu/ration3 ,l4 ,,gu]b94 ,l ,c ,illu/ration3 ,,jacob ,,/adelb]g]4 ,adam ,/e9s*aw] is said to be ! pr9t] ( ! fir/ book issu$ at ,g5eva1 9 #adgi2 soon aft] him came ,gu]b91 #adhb1 ^: ,m>k we give aft] ,b\*ot4 ,f ab\t #aecg to #aeed ,jehan ,gir>d1 or ,g]>d1 0 busy pr9t+ books "h2 ! ,m>k h]e) comes f "o ( ,calv9's books1 #aede1 ! ,lat9 motto be+ angliciz$ ?us3 8,i came n to s5d peace1 b a sword10 a v prop] motto inde$ = su* an au?or4 ,gir>d us$ ?ree o!r ,m>ks ( ?is type4 ,! position ( ,g5eva 9 lit]ature is ,fr5* r ?an ,g]man1 & ?is also holds good ) reg>d to its typographical annals4 ,! accompany+ ,m>k ( ,jean ,riv]y1 ,g5eva1 #aeef-fd1 is di/9ct ( its k9d1 & is ! small] ( ! two examples us$ by ?is pr9t]2 9 ! l>g] "o1 ! same motto appe>s1 b 9 roman type1 n italic2 !re are also only two trees1 bo? ne>ly leafless2 ! h& hold+ an axe occurs 9 bo? examples4 ,_m ,fr5* pr9t]s1 = v>i\s reasons1 & at diff]5t times1 8retir$0 to ,g5eva1 z1 = example1 ! ,e/i5nes2 ! ,m>ks ( sev]al ,franco-,g5evan pr9t]s !re=e w be f\nd dealt ) 9 ! previ\s *apt]4 ,al?\gh pr9t+ appe>s to h be5 introduc$ into ,zuri* 9 #aejh1 books execut$ at ?is place prior to #aebc are excessively r>e4 ,*ri/oph]us ,fros*ov]1 #aebc-dh1 0 by f> ! mo/ em95t & prolific ( ! e>ly ,zuri* pr9t]s2 to him has be5 attribut$ ! production ( ! fir/ ,engli% ,bible4 ,8 ,m>k is a punn+ "o1 ,fros* be+ ,g]man = 8frog20 x is emblematical ( a gigantic frog ridd5 by a *ild "u a tree1 ! 8l>g] gr[?0 be+ surr\nd$ by sev]al ( ! normal size4 ,( o!r ,swiss pr9t]s ^: ,m>ks we reproduce1 b to :om we c make no fur!r ref]5ce1 are ,nicolas ,bryl+]1 ,basle1 #aecf-fe 7! accompany+ example is tak5 f ! title-page ( 8,pantalonis ,h5rici1 ,prosopographi ,h]\m atque illu/rium ,virorum totius ,g]mani10 #aefe1 a folio ( ?ree volumes1 full ( fancifully drawn portraits1 ! same portrait be+ (t5 us$ = sev]al m571 & ,f4 ,le ,preux1 ( ,lausanne1 ,morges1 & ,b]ne4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jehan ,,gir>d4 ,,non ,,v5i ,,pacem ,,mitt]e ,,s$ ,,gladivm4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,riv]y4 ,la coigne e/ ia mise la rac9e des arbres3 p>quoy t\t arbre qui ne fait pas bon fruit1 s]a c\pp iett au feu1 ,mat4 ,,iii4 ,,la ,,coignee ,,e/ ,,mise ,a ,,la ,,rac9e ,,des ,,arbres ,,p>qvov ,,l>bre ,,qui ,,ne ,,porte ,,c]a ,,cope ,illu/ration3 ,c4 ,,fros*ov]4 ,,cri/( ,,fros*[] ,,zv ,,zvric ,illu/ration3 ,n4 ,,bryl+]4 ,illu/ration3 ,f4 ,,le ,,preux4 ,decoration ,,"s ,,dut* ,,& ,,flemi% ,,pr9t]s' ,,m>ks4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,veld5]4 velde ,! introduction ( ! art ( pr9t+ into ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 & ! rival claim ( ,co/] & ,gut5b]g1 h prov$ a highly fruitful s\rce ( lit]>y qu>rels & disputations4 ,x is n wor? our :ile to ent]1 ev5 briefly1 into ! m]its ( ! argum5ts ei!r = or aga9/2 & x w suffice = our pres5t purpose to reg>d ,johann ,veld5]1 #adgc-g1 z ! fir/ pr9t]4 ,he 0 probably a pupil ( ,ulric ,zell1 &1 l _m o!rs ( ! e>ly ,ne!rl& pr9t]s1 he does n appe> to h rema9$ long at "o place4 ,= example1 he 0 at ,l\va9 f #adgc-g1 at ,utre*t #adgh-ha1 & at ,culemb]g1 #adhb-d4 ,8 only ,m>k appe>s to be t giv5 h]e)1 9 :i* 8 "n 9 an abbreviat$ =m occurs betwe5 ! two %ields1 on ! "r "o ( :i* appe>s ! arms ( ,l\va94 ,8 mo/ notable publications 7 two qu>to editions ( ! 8,speculum0 9 ! ,dut* language1 "o ( :i* conta9$ #aaf & ! o!r #abh illu/rations1 8pr9t$ f ! woodcuts t _h be5 previ\sly us$ 9 ! f\r notable editions2 to make ^! broad woodcuts1 :i* _h be5 design$ = pages 9 folio1 ,veld5] cut away ! ar*itectural framework surr\nd+ ea* illu/ration & !n saw$ ea* block 9 two pieces40 ,he receiv$ f ! ,univ]sity ! honor>y title ( ,ma/] ( ,pr9t+1 an hon\r :i* 0 also conf]r$ on 8 m di/+ui%$ contempor>y1 ,johann ( ,we/phalia1 #adgd-if1 = :om 9 fact is claim$ ! priority ( ! introduction ( pr9t+ into ,l\va94 ,! fir/ ( ! l>ge numb] ( books produc$ by ! latt] is by ,petrus de ,cresc5tiis1 8,incipit lib] rurali cmodor10 #adgd1 its colophon be+ pr9t$ 9 r$4 ,! accompany+ exce$+ly curi\s 8s\scription10 ) portrait ( ! pr9t]1 is giv5 f ,lamb9et's 8,re*]*es40 ,?i]ry ,m>t5s1 or ,m]t5s1 or ,m>t9 d',alo/ 7,!odoricus ,m>t9us71 may be reg>d$ ei!r z an e>ly pr9t] ( ,l\va91 ,antw]p1 or ,alo/1 = x is /at$ t he _h presses work+ simultane\sly at ! ?ree places2 b ,alo/ has ! fir/ claims1 & x is said t he 0 pr9t+ "h 9 #adgc1 al?\gh z a matt] ( fact he 0 only tw5ty ye>s ( age at ?is p]iod4 ,he 0 a di/+ui%$ s*ol>1 & ! fri5d ( ,b>l& & ,erasmus1 ! latt] mak+ ! foll[+ ref]5ce to ! accompany+ ,m>k1 8l'ancre sacre10 9 ! epitaph he wrote z a memorial ( 8 fri5d3 8,hic ,!odoricus jaceo1 prognatus ,alo/o3 ,ars erat impressis scripta ref]re typis4 ,fratribus1 uxori1 soboli1 notisque sup]/es1 ,octavam vegetus prt]ii decadem4 ,an*ora sacra manet1 grat notissima pubi3 ,*ri/e6 precor nunc sis an*ora sacra mihi40 ,illu/ration3 ,,johann ,,( ,,we/phalia4 ,et ego ,johannes pr5otatus alma 9 univ]sitate ,lova- niesi resid5s dig- num duxi opus hoc insigne imm5sis f]me tam labori- bus quam imp5sis ad f9em usque p]ductum meo s- lito signo consig- n&o huius 9 ca- pite libri palam fi]i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,!odoric ,,m>t5s4 ,,!odo4 ,,m>t94 ,,excvdebat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,col>d ,,mansion4 ,fait et jmprime a bruges p> col>d mansion lan et j\r dessusdis ,col>d ,mansion1 #adgd-hd1 ! fir/ pr9t] :o work$ at ,bruges1 = an exhau/ive acc\nt ( ^: connection ) ,william ,caxton ! read] is ref]r$ to ,mr4 ,blades's monograph1 us$ sev]al ,m>ks1 pr9t$ 9 r$ & black1 & simil> to ! example "h giv54 ,9 _m respects ! 8,cl]cs ou ,frres de la vie ,commune0 7,fratres vit communis71 :o 7 pr9t+ at ,brussels f #adgf to #adhg1 =m "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ features 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( pr9t+ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,! types :i* !y us$ resemble v mu* ^? ( ,arnold ,!r ,ho]n51 ,cologne2 & ! only book1 8dilig5tia impresse 9 famosa civitate ,bruxell510 to :i* !y put _! "n1 is entitl$ 8,leg5d ,sanctorum ,h5rici ,imp]atoris et ,kunegundis ,imp]atricis10 etc41 #adhd1 & ?is is _! only illu/rat$ book4 8,_! productions illu/rate ! /age ( transition betwe5 ! anci5t scribe & pr9t] by %[+ h[ naturally "o succe$$ to ! o!r40 ,a full bibliographical acc\nt ( ! ,bro!rs w be f\nd 9 ,m4 ,madd5's 8,lettres d'un ,bibliophile40 ,! ,m>k "h giv5 is reproduc$ f ! above-nam$ "w3 x consi/s ( an ,eagle cr[n$ & display$1 support+ a %ield ) ! arms ( ,brabant qu>t]ly1 ) riv] 9 b5d1 & />4 ,! fir/ ,dev5t] pr9t] 0 ,ri*>d ,paffro$ 7! surname has ab\t ?irty v>iations7 9 #adgg1 :o 0 ei!r a pupil ( ,ulric ,zell or ,!r ,ho]n51 & :o cont9u$ !re until ! fir/ ye> ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & 0 app>5tly succe$$ by 8 y\nge/ son ,alb]tus1 :o 0 pr9t+ !re up to ab\t #aecj1 & ^: ,m>k we give4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bro!rs ,,( ,,common ,,life4 ,d vliegh5de ,el] ze] hoeghelike ,mett] wap5e me ghi hi] tu5t ,van l9te hewpe keys]like ,da] ghi uv met sijt gh5v5t ,illu/ration3 ,,alb]tus ,,paffraej4 ,a ,p ,,alb]tvs ,,paffraej ,s f> z ,g\da is conc]n$1 ,gh]a]t or ,g]>d ,leeu & e>ly pr9t+ are synonym\s4 ,he 0 a native ( ?is place1 & e/abli%$ himself "h z a pr9t] 9 #adgg & cont9u$ up to #adhd1 :5 he remov$ 8 presses to ,antw]p1 :]e he 0 pr9t+ until ! ye> ( 8 dea?1 #adic4 ,8 8,dialogus ,creatur>um10 ! fir/ edition ( :i* appe>$ 9 #adhj1 _h run into ov] a doz5 editions1 9 ,lat9 or ,dut*1 by ! fir/ ye> ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,:il/ at ,g\da ,leeu us$ sev]al m>ks1 ( :i* ! small]1 giv5 on p4 #ci1 0 pr9t$ 9 r$ & black2 at ,antw]p he us$ a mu* m ambiti\s example1 consi/+ ( ! arms ( ! ,ca/le ( ,antw]p3 a battlem5t & a turret$ gate1 ) two small] ones on ei!r side2 ! two l>ge flags be> ! arms ( ! ,g]man ,empire & ( ! ,ar*duke ,maximilian ( ,au/ria4 ,nicolas ,leeu1 :o 0 pr9t+ at ,antw]p 9 #adhg-h1 0 possibly ! bro!r ( ! m fam\s typograph]1 & 8 ,m>k consi/s ( ! lion 7a pun on 8 surname1 :i* is equival5t to lion7 9 a ,go?ic w9d[ hold+ two %ields1 ) ! arms ( ,antw]p on ! left & ! monogram ( ,gh]a]t ,leeu on ! "r4 ,l ,leeu & s _m ( ! o!r e>ly ,dut* pr9t]s1 ! fir/ ,delft typograph]1 ,jacob ,jacobzoon ,van d] ,me]1 #adgg-hg1 employ$ ! arms ( ! t[n 9 :i* he pr9t$ on 8 ,m>k1 ! "r %ield 9 ! pres5t in/ance c>ry+ ?ree wat]-lily leaves4 ,9 #adgg he issu$ an edition ( ! ,dut* ,bible1 & ?ree ye>s lat] ! fir/ edition ( ! ,psalt]1 8,die ,duyts*e ,s\t]10 :i* _h be5 omitt$ f ! ,bible4 ,! only o!r ,delft pr9t] to :om we ne$ ref] is ,*ri/ian ,snella]t1 #adie-g1 ! only book to :i* he has plac$ bo? 8 "n & 8 ,m>k be+ 8,!obaldus ,physiologus de naturis duodecim animalium10 #adie4 ,8 mo/ rem>kable production1 h[ev]1 is a 8,missale secundum ,ord9>ium ,trajact5se10 issu$ ab\t #adig2 ?is ,m>k1 giv5 on p4 #ce1 0 also us$ by ,h5ri ,eck]t van ,homb]gh1 :o 0 pr9t+ at ,antw]p f #aejj to #aeai3 ! %ield c>ries ! arms ( ,antw]p2 9 ! arms ( ,snella]t ?is %ield is blank1 & ?is con/itutes ! only diff]5ce betwe5 ! two ,m>ks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]>d ,,leeu4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacob ,,jacobzoon ,,van ,,d] ,,me]4 delf 9 hollant ,illu/ration3 ,,ma?ias ,,van ,,d] ,,goes4 ,illu/ration3 ,r4 ,,van ,,d5 ,,dorp4 ,illu/ration3 ,g4 ,,back4 ,g ,b ,if x c\ld be prov$ t 8,het boeck van ,tondalus visio50 01 z has be5 /at$1 pr9t$ at ,antw]p 9 #adgb1 by ,ma?ias ,van d] ,goes1 ! claim ( ,antw]p to be reg>d$ z ! fir/ place 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries 9 :i* pr9t+ 0 introduc$ w\ld be irrefutable4 ,un=tunately !re is v little d\bt b t ! date is an error1 al?\gh ,goes is /ill rightly reg>d$ z hav+ introduc$ pr9t+ into ,antw]p1 :]e he 0 issu+ books f #adhb to ab\t #adid 9 ,dut* & ,lat94 ,he _h two l>ge ,m>ks1 "o ( :i* 0 a %ip1 app>5tly emblematical ( ,progress or comm]cial ent]prise1 & ! o!r1 a savage br&i%+ a club & be>+ arms ( ,brabant1--! latt]1 f 8,s]mones ,quatuor ,novissimorum10 #adhg1 is "h giv54 ,rolant ,van d5 ,dorp1 #adid-aejj1 ^: *ief claim to fame is t he pr9t$ ! 8,cronyke van ,brabant10 folio1 ,antw]p1 #adig1 _h z 8 mo/ ambiti\s ,m>k a *>m+ picture ( ,rol& bl[+ 8 horn2 on "o ( ! %ields 7susp5d$ f ! bran* ( a tree7 is ! arms ( ,antw]p1 :i* he sometimes us$ sep>ately z 8 device4 ,contemporane\sly ) ,van d5 ,dorp1 #adic-aejj1 we h ,godefroy ,back1 a b9d] :o1 on ,novemb] #ai1 #adib1 m>ri$ ! wid[ ( ,van d] ,goes1 & cont9u$ ! pr9t+-(fice ( 8 pr$ecessor4 ,8 h\se 0 call$ ! ,vogehuis1 & _h = its sign ! ,birdcage1 :i* he adopt$ z 8 ,m>k2 ?is he modifi$ sev]al times1 notably 9 #adif1 :5 ! monogram ( ,van d] ,goes 0 replac$ by 8 own4 ,9 ! accompany+ example 7app>5tly brok5 dur+ ! pr9t+7 ! lett] ,m is surm\nt$ by ! ,burgundy device--a w& uphold+ a ,/4 ,&rew's cross4 ,we give also a small example ( ! two o!r ,m>ks us$ by ?is pr9t]4 ,arnoldus ,cs>is1 l',emp]eur1 or ,de ,keys]e1 accord+ z 8 "n happ5$ to be spelt 9 ,lat91 ,fr5*1 or ,flemi%1 is ano!r ( ! e>ly ,antw]p pr9t]s ^: m>k is suffici5tly di/9ct to m]it ins]tion "h4 ,8 fir/ book is dat$ #adhj1 8,h]manni de ,petra ,s]mones sup] orationem dom9icam40 ,mi*ael ,hell5ius1 #aead-cf1 is a pr9t] ( ?is city :o has a special int]e/ to ,engli%m5 f ! fact t 89 #aeca he pr9t$ at ,antw]p an anti-,prote/ant "w = ,h5ry ,pepwell1 :o c\ld f9d no pr9t] 9 ,london ) suffici5t c\rage to und]take x40 ,hell5ius' ,m>k is emblematical ( ,"t1 9 :i* ! figure is /&+ on cl\ds1 ) a sickle 9 "o h& & a s]p5t coil$ 9 a circle on ! left4 ,! ,m>k ( ,jan ,/eels1 ,antw]p 7p4 #ai71 #aecc-ge1 is reg>d$ by "s bibliograph]s z ! emblem ( an alt>1 b 8f ! entire abs5ce ( any ritual accessories1 & ! introduction ( incongru\s figures 7:i* no m$ival arti/ w\ld h ?\ght ( repres5t+71 x w\ld appe> to be m]ely a /one table40 ,jacobus ,bella]t1 #adhc-hf1 0 ! fir/ ,ha>lem pr9t]1 "o ( 8 e>lie/ works be+ 8,dat lid5 ende die passie ons ,he]5 ,jesu ,*ri/i10 :i* is dat$ ,decemb] #aj1 #adhc4 ,bella]t's "n does n appe> 9 x1 b 8 ,m>k at ! end p]mits ( an easy id5tification1 x be+ ! same z t :i* appe>s 9 8 ,dut* edition ( 8,glanvilla de ,proprietatibus ,r]um10 #adhe3 ! arms above ! ,griff9 are ^? ( ! city ( ,ha>lem4 ,"o ( ! mo/ fam\s pr9t+ localities ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries 0 ,leyd5 7,lugdunum ,batavorum71 :]e ! art 0 practis$ s e>ly z #adhc1 ,heynricus ,h5rici1 #adhc-d1 be+ "o ( ! e>lie/1 8 ,m>k c>ry+ two %ields1 "o ( :i* be>s ! cross keys ( ,leyd54 ,! ,pelican is an exce$+ly r>e elem5t 9 ,dut* & ,flemi% ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks1 "o ( ! v few exceptions be+ t ( ,j4 ,de/resius1 ,ypres1 #aeec1 ! motto on ! bord] read+ 8,s9e sangu9is effusione non fit remissio40 ,illu/ration3 ,,godefroy ,,back4 ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,c,,s>is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mi*ael ,,hill5ius4 ,,tempvs4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,bella]t4 ,illu/ration3 ,h4 ,,h5rici4 hollan leid5 ,x w be conv5i5t to gr\p toge!r 9 ?is place a few ( ! m repres5tative examples ( ! ,m>ks ( ! ,dut* & ,flemi% pr9t]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,( ,?omas ,van d] ,noot1 :o 0 pr9t+ at ,brussels f ab\t #aejh to #aeag1 !re is v little ( g5]al int]e/ to /ate1 b 8 l>ge ,m>k is well wor?y ( a place "h4 ,picturesque 9 ano!r way also is ! ,m>k ( ,j4 ,grapheus1 ,antw]p1 #aebj-fa2 ! example we give is a di/9ct improvem5t on a v r\ghly drawn ,m>k :i* ?is pr9t] sometimes us$1 :i* is id5tical 9 e respect to ?is1 except t x has no bord]s4 ,x is "o ( ! few purely pictorial1 z di/9ct f armorial1 ,m>ks :i* we f9d us$ at ,antw]p 9 ! e>li] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,"o ( ?is pr9t]'s mo/ notable publications is 8,le ,n\ueau ,te/am5t de no/re ,sauflueur ,iesu ,*ri/ trslate selon le vray text en fran*ois10 #aecb1 a duodecimo ( xviii & #ced folios1 a r>e impression ( ,le ,fvre d',etaples' ,te/am5t z x _h be5 issu$ by ,l',emp]eur1 9 #aecj1 :o _h obta9$ ! lic5ce ( ! ,emp]or & ! ,inquisition = ?is impression4 ,h5ri ,van d5 ,ke]e1 a book-sell] & pr9t] ( ,gh5t1 #aedi-eh1 _h f\r ,m>ks1 all ( :i* resemble m or less closely ! r /rik+ & c]ta9ly di/9ct example "h giv54 ,( ! ,bruges pr9t]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ,hub] or ,hub]t ,goltz1 #aefc-gi1 is p]haps ! mo/ em95t1 n s mu* on acc\nt ( ! typographical phase ( 8 c>e]1 z because ( 8 works z an au?or & arti/4 ,! 8,fa/i ,magi/ratum et ,triumphorum ,romanorum10 is "o ( 8 books be/ kn[n to s*ol>s1 :il/ to /ud5ts ( numismatics 8 "w on ! m$als f ! "t ( ,julius ,cs> to t ( ! ,emp]or ,f]d9&1 9 ,lat91 ( :i* a v r>e ,fr5* edition appe>$ at ,antw]p 9 #aefa1 is well kn[n1 & ! orig9al edition ( 8 works 9 ?is respect is /ill highly e/eem$1 al?\gh1 z ,brunet po9ts out1 ,goltz has suff]$ a good deal 9 reputation s9ce ,eckel has demon/rat$ t he includ$ a numb] ( spuri\s examples1 :il/ "s o!rs are incorrectly copi$4 ,8 int]e/+ typographical ,m>k is giv5 on p4 #ea4 ,j4 ,waesb]ghe1 ( ,antw]p & ,rott]dam1 _h at lea/ ?ree ,m>ks1 ( :i* we give ! l>ge/ example1 & all ( :i* are ( a nautical "*1 ! c5tre be+ occupi$ by a m]maid c>ry+ a horn ( pl5ty2 9 ! small] example ( ! accompany+ ,m>k1 ! backgr\nd is tak5 up by a s]p5t =m+ a circle4 ,! ,m>k ( ,m4 ,de ,hamont1 a pr9t] & booksell] ( ,brussels1 #aefi-gg1 is wor? quot+ z "o ( ! v few in/ances 9 :i* ! subject ( ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon is utiliz$ 9 ?is p>ticul> by a pr9t] ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,rutg] ,velpius appe>s to h _h all ! w&]+ proclivities ( ! e>ly pr9t]s2 = in/ance1 we f9d him at ,l\va9 f #aeec to #aehj1 at ,mons f #aehj to #aehe1 & ,brussels f #aehe to #afad3 he _h ?ree ,m>ks1 ( :i* we give ! l>ge/4 ,( ! ,liege pr9t]s1 we h only space to m5tion ,j4 ,ma?i ,hovii1 ^: %op 0 8,ad insigne ,p>adisi ,t]re/ris0 dur+ ! latt] half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & ^: ,m>k is ( r /rik+ orig9ality & boldness ( design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jodocus ,,de/resius4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,van ,,d] ,,noot4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,grapheus4 ,,*>itas 4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ri ,,van ,,d5 ,,ke]e4 ,anziet !nde4 ,van d5 ke]e4 ,,hvdk ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,waesb]ghe4 ,,lit] ,,immortalitate,m ,,p>iv,n,t ,illu/ration3 ,,mi*el ,,de ,,hamont4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rutg] ,,velpius4 ,,svb ,,vmbra ,,al>vm ,,tv>vm ,,protege ,,nos ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,m4 ,,hovii4 ,,cavete ,i4 ,c4 ,i ,! two mo/ di/+ui%$ names 9 ! annals ( ,dut* & ,flemi% pr9t+ are unque/ionably ,plant9 & ! ,elzevirs4 ,a full description ( ! v>i\s ,m>ks us$ by ,*ri/ophe ,plant9 alone w\ld fill a small volume1 z ! numb] is n only v great1 b ! v>ieties some:at conflict+ 9 _! resemblance to "o ano!r2 all ( !m1 h[ev]1 are di/9ctly traceable to ?ree common types4 ,"s are engrav$ by ,godefroid ,balla91 ,pi]re ,huys1 & o!r di/+ui%$ craftsm54 ,8 fir/ ,m>k appe>$ 9 ! second book :i* he pr9t$1 ! 8,flores de ,l4 ,anneo ,s5eca10 #aeee4 ,8 second ,m>k 0 fir/ us$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 & be>s ! monogram ( ,arnaud ,nicola4 ,( ea* ( ^! examples we give reproductions1 z also ( ! f9e example design$ = ,plant9's successors ei!r by ,rub5s or by ,erasme ,quell91 & engrav$ by ,jean ,*ri/ophe ,jegh]1 #afci1 ,plant9 hav+ di$ 9 #aehi4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( all ,plant9's ,m>ks is ( c\rse t ) ! compass & ! motto 8,labor et ,con/antia10 :i* he fir/ us$ 9 #aeeg4 ,plant9 expla9s 9 ! preface to 8 ,polyglot ,bible ! signification ( ?is ,m>k1 & /ates t ! compass is a symbolical repres5tation ( 8 device3 ! po9t ( ! compass turn+ r\nd signifies "w1 & ! /ation>y po9t con/ancy4 ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s comb9ations ( ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks may be "h allud$ to3 9 #aegc1 ,plant91 ,/eels & ,nutius project$ an edition ( ! 8,decretals10 & ! ,m>k on ?is is made up ( ! ?ree us$ by ^! pr9t]s1 & 0 design$ by ,pi]re ,van d] ,bor*t4 ,illu/ration3 ,c4 ,,plant94 7,fir/ ,m>k47 ,,ex]ce ,,imp]ia ,,et ,,ramos ,,compesce ,,flv5tes ,illu/ration3 ,c4 ,,plant94 7,second ,m>k47 ,,*ri/vs ,,v]a ,,vitis ,illu/ration3 ,c4 ,,plant94 ,,labore ,,et ,,con/antia ,i4 ,c4 ,i4 ,ne>ly e volume admitt$ly pr9t$ by ! ,elzevir family possess$ a ,m>k1 ( :i* ?is family1 f ,l\is1 9 #aehc1 to ,daniel1 #afhj1 us$ f\r di/9ct examples4 ,! f\nd] ( ! dyna/y1 ,l\is 7#aehc-afag71 adopt$ z 8 sign or m>k an ,eagle on a cippus ) a bundle ( arr[s1 accompani$ ) ! motto1 8,concordia res p>v crescunt0--! emblem ( ! device ( ! ,batavian ,republic--& z ! ye> #aeie occurs on ! primitive type ( ?is ,m>k1 x might be conclud$ to date f t p]iod4 ,b ,willems po9ts out t no book publi%$ by ,l\is 9 ! ye>s #aeie & #aeif c>ries ?is ,m>k1 :i* 7he says7 figures = ! fir/ "t on ! ,meursius1 8,ad ,!ocriti idyllia ,spicelegium10 #aeig4 ,9 #afab ,l\is ,elzevir r$uc$ ?is ,m>k1 & suppress$ ! date above m5tion$4 ,= "s "t ,isaac cont9u$ ! use ( ! sign ( 8 gr&fa!r1 & ev5 aft] #afbj1 :5 he adopt$ a new ,m>k--t ( ! ,sage or ,h]mit--he did n completely repudiate x4 ,bonav5ture & ,abraham sc>cely ev] us$ x except = _! catalogues4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,sage4 ,,non ,,solus ,! second ,m>k1 :i* ,isaac 7#afag-be7 adopt$ 9 #afbj1 x occurr+ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! 8,acta ,synodi ,nationalis10 is kn[n z ! ,solitaire & sometimes z ! ,h]mit or ,sage4 ,x repres5ts an elm ar\nd ! trunk ( :i* a v9e1 c>ry+ bun*es ( grapes1 is tw9$2 ! ,solitaire & ! motto 8,non solus40 ,! explanation ( ?is ,m>k is obvi\s1 & may be summ$ up 9 ! "o ^w 8,concord20 ! solit>y individual is symbolical ( ! pref]5ce ( ! wise = solitude--8,je suis seul en ce lieu tre solitaire40 ,?is ,m>k 0 ! pr9cipal "o ( ! ,leyd5 (fice1 & 0 9 con/ant use f #afbj to #agab1 long aft] ! ,elzevirs _h ceas$ to pr9t4 ,! ?ird ,elzevir ,m>k consi/s ( a ,palm ) ! motto 8,assurgo pressa40 ,x 0 ! ,m>k ( ,erp5ius1 pr(essor ( ori5tal languages at ! ,univ]sity ( ,leyd51 :o _h e/abli%$ a pr9t+-press :i* he sup]9t5d$ himself 9 8 own h\se4 ,at 8 dea? ! ,elzevirs acquir$ 8 mat]ial1 ) ! ,m>k1 :i* occurs on ! ,elmac9us1 8,hi/oria ,s>ac5ica10 & on ! ,syriac ,psalt] ( #afbe1 on ! 8,meursii arboretum sacrum10 #afdb1 & on ab\t sev5 o!r volumes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,elzevir ,,sph]e4 ,,! ,,spuri\s ,,sph]e4 ,,! ,,g5u9e ,,sph]e4 ,! f\r? important ,elzevir ,m>k is ! ,m9]va ) h] attributes1 ! brea/plate1 ! olive tree1 & ! owl1 & ! motto 8,ne extra solus10 :i* is f a passage 9 ! 8,frogs0 ( ,ari/ophanes4 ,x 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal ,m>ks ( ! ,am/]dam (fice1 & 0 us$ = ! fir/ "t by ,l\is ,elzevir 9 #afdb4 ,aft] ,daniel's dea? ?is ,m>k became ! prop]ty ( ,h5ry ,wet/e91 :o us$ x on "s ( 8 books4 ,x 0 also us$ by ,?ib\/ at ,p>is & ,!odoric van ,ack]sdyck at ,utre*t4 ,9 addition to ! =ego+1 a numb] ( o!r ,m>ks 7 employ$ by ?is firm ( pr9t]s1 ! mo/ important ( ! m9or examples be+ ! ,sph]e1 :i* occurs = ! fir/ "t on 8,sphra ,johannis de ,sacro-,bosco10 #afbf1 pr9t$ by ,bonav5ture & ,abraham2 & f ?is "t to ! end ( ! p]iod ( ! op]ations ( ! ,elzevirs1 ! ,sph]e & ! ,m9]va appe> to h equally %>$ ! hon\r ( appe>+ on _! title-pages4 ,among ! o!r ,m>ks :i* we mu/ be cont5t to enum]ate are ! foll[+3 a h& ) ! device ( 8qvabilitate10 an angel ) a book1 & a book ( music op5$1 ea* ( :i* 0 us$ occasionally by ! fir/ ,elzevir2 & "o 9 :i* two h&s are hold+ a cornucopia1 ( ,isaac2 ! arms ( ! ,leyd5 ,univ]sity =m$ also occasionally ! ,m>k ( ! ,elzevirs e/abli%$ 9 t city4 ,! ,m>k ( ,guisla9 ,janss5s1 a booksell] & pr9t] ( ,antw]p1 at ! end ( ! sixte5? & beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 is bo? di/9ct & pretty1 & is wor? notice if only f ! fact t arti/ic examples are by no means common ) ! pr9t]s ( ?is city4 ,illu/ration3 ,,guisla9 ,,janss5s4 ,,vigilate ,,qvia ,,nescitis ,,diem ,,neqve ,,horam ,,exp]gisc]e ,g ,i ,decoration ,,pr9t]s' ,,m>ks ,,9 ,,italy ,,& ,,spa94#a ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,,fritag4 ,a ,f ,! incunabula ( ,italy (f] v little int]e/ s f> z reg>ds ! ,m>ks ( _! pr9t]s1 & ! adoption ( ^! devices did n become at all g5]al until ! e>ly ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,conrad ,sweynheim & ,arnold ,pann>tz1 :o 7 ! fir/ to introduce pr9t+ f ,g]many into ,italy1 fir/ at ! mona/]y ( ,subiaco1 ne> ,rome1 9 #adfe1 & to t city 9 #adfg1 appe> to h _h no ,m>k2 & ! same may be said ( sev]al ( _! successors4 ,we give ! e>lie/ ,roman example ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 namely1 t ( ,sixtus ,riess+]1 & ,george ,h]olt1 a ,g]man1 :o pr9t$ 9 p>tn]%ip at ,rome 9 #adha & #adhc4 ,"o ( ! books produc$ by ?is p>tn]%ip 0 ! 8,tractatus sollemnis et utilis10 etc41 :i* conta9s 8full-page figures ( ! ,sybils1 f9e initials1 & an int]lac$ bord] to ! fir/ page ( text1 all execut$ 9 wood engrav+40 ,! next ,roman typograph]s :o us$ a ,m>k 71 l ,h]olt1 8,almanos0 or ,g]mans1 = z su* ,johann ,besick5 7#adhd-aejf7 & ,m>t5s ( ,am/]dam describe !mselves 9 ! colophon ( 8,mirabilia ,rom10 a #bdmo4 ( #fc leaves1 #aejj4 ,?is "w conta9s t5 woodcuts1 ( :i* t on 8! rev]se ( leaf #cf has at ! bottom ! words #8,m>' & #8,de ,am/dam' 9 black lett]s on :ite scrolls1 & #8,,er' imm$iately b5ea? ! latt]1 9 :ite lett]s on a black gr\nd1 %[+ t ,m>t9 ( ,am/]dam1 "o ( ! pr9t]s1 0 also ! engrav]4 ,on ! woodcut on ! rev]se ( leaf #be also1 !re is a %ield ) ! initials ( bo? pr9t]s1 #8,i' & #8,m' int]lac$1 9 bo? l>ge & small lett]s40 ,&reas ,fritag de ,arg5t9a 7or ,/rassburg71 #adib-if1 is ano!r e>ly ,roman pr9t] :o us$ a ,m>k4 ,! f\r =ego+ ,m>ks are giv5 on ! au?ority ( ,j4 ,j4 ,audiffr$i1 8,catalogus 444 ,romanorum ,editionum saeculi ,,xvi410 #aghc4 ,among ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury pr9t]s ( ,rome1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ 0 ,za*>ias ,kalli]gos ( ,crete1 #aeji-bc1 :o _h />t$ pr9t+ at ,v5ice 9 #adii1 & ( :om ,beloe has giv5 an int]e/+ acc\nt 9 ! fif? volume ( 8 8,anecdotes ( ,lit]ature40 ,a m9iature ( 8 device is giv5 at ! end ( ?is *apt]4 ,footnote #a3 ,! read] w f9d on page #be a s]ies ( ?irty r$uc$ reproductions ( ,m>ks us$ = ! mo/ "p by ! ,italian pr9t]s4 ,^! are giv5 aft] ,orl&i 78,orig9e e ,progressi della ,/ampa10 #agbb7 & ,horne 78,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,bibliography10 #ahad71 b sev]al ( ! names are op5 to "q f ! fact t ! =m] au?or has giv5 no acc\nt ei!r ( ! places at :i* !y work$1 or ( ! books :i* !y pr9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sixtus ,,riess+]4 ,s ,r ,d ,a ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,,besick54 ,i ,b ,i ,m ,illu/ration3 ,,?i]ry ,,m>t5s4 ,,de ,,am/,,er,,dam ,t ,a ,m ,pr9t+ 0 introduc$ into ,v5ice by ,johannes de ,spira 9 #adfi1 &1 z %[+ ! ext5t to :i* x 0 quickly c>ri$1 ,panz] reckons t up to ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 no few] ?an #ahi pr9t]s _h e/abli%$ !mselves "h1 & _h issu$ close ^u #c1jjj works4 ,f #adfi to #adhj1 ov] sixty ma/] pr9t]s 7 f\nd )9 ! prec9cts ( ! city4 ,! fir/ ( ! sup]b s]ies ( e>ly pr9t$ books produc$ "h is ! folio edition ( ,cic]o1 8,epi/ol ad ,famili>es10 #adfi1 al?\gh ! hon\r ( be+ ! mo/ magnific5t production appe>s to be equally divid$ betwe5 ! ,livy & ! ,virgil1 #adgj1 execut$ by ,john ( ,spira's bro!r & successor ,v9del9us4 ,s f> z we "k1 nei!r ( ! two bro!rs1 nor ,nicolas ,j5son1 #adgj-hh1 _m ( ^: beautiful books rivall$ ! ,de ,spiras'1 us$ a ,m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,erh>dus ,,ratdolt4 ,erh>di ,ratdolt foelicia conspice signa4 ,te/ata artificem qua valet ipse manum4 ,erh>dus ,ratdolt may be reg>d$ z "o ( ! e>lie/1 if n actually ! fir/ ,v5etian pr9t] to adopt a ,m>k4 ,f #adgf to #adgh he 0 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,b]n>dus ,pictor & ,petrus ,losle9 de ,lang5c51 b f ! latt] ye> to #adhe he 0 ex]cis+ ! art alone4 7,x is n altoge!r =eign to our subject to m5tion t ?is firm pr9t$ ! 8,cal5d>0 ( ,john de ,mont]egio1 #adgf1 :i* has ! fir/ ornam5tal title kn[n47 ,9 #adhg1 ,ratdolt 0 at ,augsburg1 & p]haps 8 claims z a pr9t] are ,g]man r ?an ,v5etian1 b z 8 be/ "w 0 execut$ dur+ 8 soj\rn 9 ,v5ice1 x w be m conv5i5t to include him 9 ! pres5t *apt]4 ,l s _m o!rs ( ! e>ly pr9t]s1 he reg>d$ 8 own p]=mances ) no little self-complac5cy1 = 9 8 colophons he describes himself1 8,vir sol]tissimus1 imprim5di arte nom9atissimus1 artis impressori magi/] apprim famosus1 p]politus opifex1 vir sub orbe notus10 & s =?4 ,to him is attribut$ ! cr$it ( hav+ inv5t$ ink ( a gold5 col\r2 & he 0 ! fir/ to employ ! 8fl\ri%es10 78lit] flor5tes07 or initial lett]s =m$ ( floral scrolls & ornam5ts borr[$ f ! ,italian manuscripts1 & sometimes pr9t$ 9 r$ & sometimes 9 black4 ,joannes & ,gregorius de ,gregoriis1 #adhj-aeaf1 & ,gregorius alone1 #aeaf-bh1 make a v good %[ 9 ! way ( pr9t$ books1 "o ( ! mo/ notable be+ ! fir/ qu>to edition ( ,boccaccio1 #aeaf1 & ano!r ! 8,deuts* ,rmis* ,brevi]10 #aeah1 :i* is pr9t$ 9 black & r$ ,go?ic lett] ) num]\s full-page woodcuts & bord]s4 ,contempor>y ) ^! two bro!rs & also fam\s z a prolific pr9t] comes ,ottaviano ,scotto1 8,civis ,modoetisis10 #adhj-aejj1 & 8 heirs1 #aejj-ca1 ( ^: ,m>k we give an exact reproduction4 ,bapti/a de ,tortis1 #adha-aead1 also issu$ a numb] ( int]e/+ books1 m p>ticul>ly folio editions ( ! classics1 copies ( :i* are /ill frequ5tly met )1 & ( ^: ,m>k we give a r$uc$ example on p4 #be2 & ! same may be said ( ,b]n>d9us ,/agn9us1 #adhc-aecf4 ,! ,m>k1 also1 ( ,b]n>d9us de ,vitalibus1 #adid-aejj1 is suffici5tly di/9ct to ju/ify a r$uc$ example4 ,b>?olomeus de ,zanis1 #adhf-aejj1 0 n only a prolific pr9t] on 8 own acc\nt1 b also = ,scotto1 to :om ref]5ce is made above4 ,! ,m>ks1 on a greatly r$uc$ scale ( ,dionysius ,b]to*us1 #adhj2 ( ,laur5tius ,rubeus de ,val5tia1 #adhb2 ( ,ni*olas de ,franc=dia1 #adgc-aejj2 & ( ,p]egr9o de ,pasqualibus1 #adhc-id1 :o 0 = a %ort "t 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,dionysius de ,b]to*us1 are all int]e/+ z m or less di/9ct v>iations ( "o common type 7see p4 #be74 ,( ,petrus ,lie*t5/e91 #adig-aebb1 :o describes himself z 8,coloni5sis10 & ^: v f9e ,m>k 9 r$ & black =ms ! frontispiece to ! pres5t volume1 x w be only necess>y to ref] to "o ( 8 books1 ! 8,biblij ,czeska10 #aejf1 :i* is ! fir/ edition = ! use ( ! ,hussites4 ,( ?is exce$+ly r>e edition1 only ab\t f\r copies are kn[n4 ,x is rem>kable 9 n hav+ be5 suppress$ by ! ,*ur*1 = "o example ( its num]\s woodcuts 7:i* are col\r$7 at once betrays its "*1 viz41 ! engrav+ to ! six? *apt] ( ! ,apocalypse1 9 :i* ! ,pope appe>s ly+ 9 hell4 ,z illu/rative ( "s ( ! m elaborate & pictorial ,m>ks :i* "o f9ds 9 ! books ( ! ,v5etian pr9t]s dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury1 we give a c\ple ( v di/9ct examples1 ! fir/ be+ "o ( ! ,m>ks ( ! ,sessa family1 ^: works date f #aeja to #aehh2 & ! second example di/+ui%+ ! books ( ! bro!rs ,paulum & ,antonium ,meietos1 :o 7 pr9t+ books 9 #aegj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ottaviano ,,scotto4 ,o ,s ,m ,illu/ration3 ,,mel*ior ,,sessa4 ,,dissimilivm ,,9 ,,fida ,,sotietas4 ,illu/ration3 ,p4 ,,& ,a4 ,,meietos4 ,,non ,,com$etis ,,frvges ,,m5dacii ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,ald9e ,,an*or4 ,,aldvs ,! ,ald9e family come at ! head ( ! ,v5etian pr9t]s1 n only 9 ! extreme beauty ( _! typographical "w1 b also 9 ! matt] ( ,m>ks4 ,! fir/ 7& r>e/7 production ( ! f\nd] ( ! dyna/y1 ,aldus ,manutius1 #adid-aeae1 0 8,musi ,opusculum de ,h]one ,le&ro10 #adid1 a small qu>to1 & 8 life's "w z a pr9t] is se5 9 ab\t #abf editions :i* are kn[n to h be5 issu$ by him4 8,i h made a v[10 writes ,aldus1 9 8 preface to ! 8,greek ,gramm>0 ( ,lasc>is1 8to devote my life to ! public s]vice1 & ,god is my witness t su* is my mo/ ard5t desire4 ,to a life ( ease & quiet ,i h pref]r$ "o ( re/less lab\r4 ,man is n born = pleasure1 :i* is unwor?y ( ! truly g5]\s m9d1 b = hon\rable lab\r4 ,let u leave to ! vile h]d ! exi/5ce ( ! brutes4 ,cato has comp>$ ! life ( man to ! tool ( iron3 use x well1 x %9es1 cease to use x & x ru/s40 ,x 0 n until #aejb t ,aldus adopt$ a ,m>k1 ! well-kn[n an*or1 & ?is appe>s = ! fir/ "t 9 8,le ,t]ze ,rime di ,dante0 7#aejb71 :i*1 be+ a duodecimo1 is ! fir/ edition ( ,dante 9 portable =m4 ,?is ,m>k1 & "o or two o!rs ) v slight alt]ations :i* naturally occurr$ 9 ! process ( be+ re-engrav$1 0 us$ up to ! ye> #aedf4 ,9 #aeae ! orig9al ,aldus di$1 & z 8 son ,paolo or ,paulus 0 only ?ree ye>s ( age1 ,&rea ,torresano1 a di/+ui%$ pr9t] ( ,asola1 into ^: possession ! 8plant0 ( ,j5son _h pass$ 9 #adha1 & ^: daught] m>ri$ ! fir/ ,aldus1 c>ri$ on ! bus9ess ( 8 deceas$ son-9-law1 ! impr9t runn+1 8,9 dibus ,aldi et ,&re ,asulani soc]i40 ,9 #aedj ,paulus ,manutius took ov] ! entire *>ge ( ! bus9ess f\nd$ by 8 fa!r4 ,! ,an*or1 kn[n z ! 8,ancora grassa10 :i* he us$ f #aedj to #aedf1 is m c>efully engrav$ b less *>act]i/ic ?an t ( 8 fa!r2 :il/ t :i* he us$ f #aedf to #aeed 0 usually b n inv>iably surr\nd$ by ! decorative squ>e indicat$ 9 ! accompany+ reproduction2 !n he aga9 modifi$ 8 ,m>k1 or m p>ticul>ly its bord]4 ,paulus ,manutius di$ 9 ,april #aegd4 ,aldus 8! y\ng]10 #aegd-ih1 ! son ( ,paulus & ! la/ repres5tative ( ! h\se1 also us$ ! an*or1 ! effect ( :i* is to a great ext5t de/roy$ by ! elaborate coat-(-arms grant$ to ! family by ! ,emp]or ,maximilian4 ,aldus 8! y\ng]10 0 a precoci\s s*ol>1 ( ! p$ant type1 & "u him ! traditions ( ! family rapidly fell4 ,he m>ri$ into ! em95t ,giunta family ( pr9t]s1 & di$ at ! age ( #di4 ,! fam\s ,m>k ( ! an*or _h be5 sugge/$ by ! rev]se ( ! beautiful silv] m$al ( ,vespasian1 a specim5 ( :i* _h be5 pres5t$ to ,aldus by 8 fri5d ,c>d9al ,bembo1 ! em95t pr9t]1 add+ ! ,augu/an motto1 8,fe/9a l5te40 ,! ,m>k ( ! dolph9 an*or 0 us$ by _m o!r pr9t]s 9 ,italy1 ,france1 ,holl& 7,m>t5s1 ,erasmus' pr9t]1 among ! numb]71 :il/ ! 8,britannia0 ( ,camd51 #aehf1 pr9t$ by ,newb]y1 be>+ ?is di/9ctive ,m>k1 :i* 0 likewise employ$ by ,pick]+ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury2 &1 z w be se5 f ! next *apt]1 is /ill employ$ by m ?an "o pr9t]4 ,illu/rations3 ,,&rea ,,torresano4 ,,f$]icvs ,,toresanvs ,a ,t ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ald9e ,,an*or1 #aejb-ae4 ,,aldvs ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ald9e ,,an*or1 #aedf-ed4 ,,aldi ,,filii ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ald9e ,,an*or1 #aeee-gd4 ,,aldvs ,! ,giunta or ,junta family1 memb]s ( :i* 7 pr9t+ at ,flor5ce & ,v5ice f #adhj to #aeih1 may be conv5i5tly ref]r$ to "h4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ books 9 :i* ! f\nd] ( ! family1 ,filippo1 us$ a ,m>k1 is 8,apuleii ,metamorphoseos10 ,flor5ce1 #aeab2 our example1 :i* is id5tical ) t 9 ,apuleius1 is tak5 f 7,oppiani de natura seu v5atione piscium71 ,flor5ce1 #aeae1 :i* 0 edit$ by ,musurus4 ,f a typographical & arti/ic po9t ( view ! books ( ,lucantonio ,junta 7or ,zonta7 are inf9itely sup]ior to ^? ( ,filippo4 ,he 0 bo? pr9t] & engrav]1 & _m ( ! illu/rations :i* appe> 9 ! books he pr9t$ 7 execut$ by him4 ,8 ,m>k appe>$ z e>ly z #adie 9 r$ at ! end ( an edition ( ,livy :i* he appe>s to h execut$ = ,philippus ,p9cius1 ,v5ice1 & aga9 9 r$1 ?is "t on ! title-page1 9 ano!r edition ( ! same au?or1 done = ,b>?olomeus de ,zanis de ,portesio1 ,v5ice1 #aeaa4 ,ea* ( ^! productions conta9$ a l>ge numb] ( beautiful woodcuts4 ,e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ^? 8v]o hone/i viri0 7z !y mode/ly describ$ !mselves71 ,jacobi & ,francisci1 7 pr9t+ at ,flor5ce 78et sociorum eius071 ! accompany+ m>k be+ tak5 f a comm5t>y on ,?omas ,aqu9as1 #aeca4 ,x w be notic$ t 9 ! ?ree m>ks ( diff]5t memb]s ( ! family ! fleur-de-lys appe>s4 ,among ! ,v5etian pr9t]s ( ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury ,johannes de ,sabio et ,fratres may be m5tion$1 if only on acc\nt ( _! ,m>k :i* is giv5 h]e)4 ,its explanation is c]ta9ly n obvi\s2 & ,bigmore & ,wyman's sugge/ion t x is a punn+ device is n a correct "o1 :il/ ! /atem5t t ! cabbage is ( ! 8,savoy0 v>iety is also errone\s1 = ?is v>iety has sc>cely any /alks2 = 8,brasica0 we %\ld read 8,brassica40 ,9 #aecd1 8,m4 ,iwan ,antonio de ,nicol9i de ,sabio0 pr9t$ 8,alas espesas de ,m4 ,zuan ,bati/a ,p$rean10 a r>e & beautiful edition ) woodcuts1 &1 9 small folio1 ( 8,primaleon0 9 ,spani%2 & 9 #aece ,/ephano da ,sabio issu$ a translation ( 8,la ,conque/a del ,p]u10 etc41 ( ,francesco de ,x]es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ald9e ,,an*or1 #aege-ha4 ,illu/ration3 ,p4 ,,giunta4 ,illu/ration3 ,l4 ,,giunta4 ,l ,a ,illu/ration3 ,f4 ,,de ,,giunta4 ,i ,f ,al?\gh n ! fir/ pr9t] ei!r at ,cremona1 :]e he />t$ 9 #adib1 or at ,brescia1 :]e he 0 pr9t+ f #adib to #aejb1 ,b]n>d9o de ,miss9tis des]ves m5tion among ! typograph]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,s f> z reg>ds ! latt] place1 ! ,m>k ( ,giamm>ia ,rizz>di1 :o 0 e/abli%$ 9 ?is city dur+ ! latt] half ( ! la/ c5tury1 is "o ( ! mo/ di/9ct1 & 0 probably design$ by ,turb9i4 ,bon9o de ,bon9is ( ,ragusa1 0 pr9t+ at ,v5ice1 #adgh-adhj1 at ,v]ona1 #adha-c1 & aft]w>ds remov$ to ,brescia1 :]e he 0 pr9t+ until ab\t #adia4 ,! e>lie/ kn[n book pr9t$ at ,mod5a 7or ,mut9e7 is an edition ( ,virgil1 execut$ by ,johannes ,vur/] de ,campidon1 #adge2 b "o ( ! be/ kn[n pr9t]s ( ?is city is ,dom9ico ,rocociolo1 or ,ri*izola1 #adha-aejd1 :o 0 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,antonio ,miscom9i1 #adhg-hi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bro!rs ,,sabio4 ,,io ,,ant ,,et ,,fres ,,de ,,sabio ,,brasica ,pr9t+ 0 introduc$ into ,milan 7,m$iolanum7 9 #adfi or 9 ! ye> foll[+1 & f ! num]\s presses e/abli%$ 9 ?is city be=e ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury v _m beautiful books 7 issu$4 ,gian ,giacomo di ,legnano & 8 bro!rs1 ^: highly decorative ,m>k we reproduce1 7 work+ 9 ?is city f #aejc-cc2 "o ( _! mo/ int]e/+ books is a ,lat9 translation ( ! fir/ edition 7,vic5za1 #aejg7 ( ! 8,paesi novam5te retrovati1 et ,novo ,mondo da ,alb]ico ,vesputio ,flor5t9o intitulato40 ,bologna 0 also a busy pr9t+ c5tre f #adgj onw>ds2 b x mu/ suffice u to give ! monograms ( ?ree ( ! m notewor?y1 namely1 ,h]cules ,nanni1 #adib-d2 ,giovanni ,antonio de ,b5$etti 7or ,johannes ,antonius ,platonides de ,b5$ictis71 #adii1 & ,ju/9ian de ,rub]ia1 #adie-i 7see p4 #be74 ,illu/ration3 ,,gian ,,giacomo ,,di ,,legnano4 ,,ihs ,,io ,,iacomo ,e ,,frat ,d ,,legnano ,,ihs ,,iol ,,iol ,illu/ration3 ,,giamm>ia ,,rizz>di4 ,non solum nobis ,cagnoni sculp ,! ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks ( ,spa9 7includ+ ,portugal7 ne$ n deta9 u long4 ,!y _c 9 any case be describ$ z o!r ?an ar*aic1 & !y are = ! mo/ "p /rik+ on acc\nt ( ! co>s5ess ( _! design4 ,a few examples are giv5 9 ,fray ,francisco ,m5dez's 8,tipografica ,espaola10 ( :i* ! fir/ & only volume appe>$ at ,madrid 9 #agif2 & ( :i* a second edition1 correct$ & enl>g$ by ,dionisio ,hidalgo1 0 publi%$ at ! same city 9 #ahfa4 ,z ! latt] writ] cle>ly po9ts out 8los del siglo ,,xv41 y aun ha/a la mitad del ,,xvi4 los mas eran e/ranj]os1 como lo demue/ran sus nombres y apellidos1 y algunos lo decl>an espresam5te en sus notas y escudos40 ,^! 8e/ranj]os0 7 almo/ )\t exception ,g]mans4 ,val5cia 7or ,val5tia ,edetanorum7 0 ! fir/ place 9 ,spa9 into :i* ! art ( pr9t+ 0 introduc$2 ! e>lie/ pr9t]s be+ ,alfonso ,f]n&ez de ,cordova & ,lamb]t ,palom> 7or ,palm>t7 a ,g]man1 ^: names h[ev] d n appe> on any publication 7accord+ to ,cotton7 antec$5t to ! ye> #adgh4 ,al?\gh n ! e>lie/ ( ! ,seville pr9t]s ! f\r 8alemanes1 y compaeros10 ,paulo de ,colonia1 ,juan ,pegnic] de ,nuremb]ga1 ,magno y ,?omas1 _! composite ,m>k is "o ( ! fir/ :i* appe>s on books pr9t$ 9 ,spa94 ,x is ( ! cross type1 ) two circles1 "o )9 ano!r1 ! small] divid$ into f\r comp>tm5ts1 ea* ( :i* encircles ! initials ( ! f\r pr9t]s1 8,p0 7! l[] "p ( :i* is cont9u$ s z to =m an 8,l071 8,i ,m ,t40 ,among o!r books :i* !y pr9t$ is ! 8,vidas de los ,v>ones ilu/res de ,plut>co40 ,9 #adie1 ,paulo de ,colonia appe>s to h left ! p>tn]%ip1 = ! ,m>k appe>$ ) its inn] circle divid$ into ?ree comp>tm5ts 9 :i* ! initials 8,i ,m0 & 8,t0 only appe>4 ,?is firm cont9u$ pr9t+ at ,seville until ! comm5cem5t ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,f$]ico de ,basilea 7or1 z 8 "n appe>s 9 ! impr9ts ( 8 books1 ,fadrique ,aleman de ,basilea7 0 busy pr9t+ books at ,burgos f ! end ( ! f\rte5? to ! second decade ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 8 ,m>k1 a cross re/+ on a ,v-%ap$ gr\nd1 is a poor "o1 ! motto be+ 8s9e causa nihil40 8,en mu%os libros de los que imprimi puso su escudo10 obs]ves ,m5dez2 ?is pr9t] possesses an hi/oric int]e/ f ! fact t he issu$ ! fir/ edition ! unabridg$ 8,*ronicle ( ! ,cid10 #aeab--8;,cronica del ,famoso ,cauall]o ,cid ,ruy ,diez ,campeador10 a book ( ! greate/ r>ity4 ,"o ( ! e>ly pr9t]s ( ,b>celona1 ,p$ro ,miguel1 _h a ,m>k1 also ( ! cross type1 ! circle surr\nd+ ! bottom ( :i* is divid$ into ?ree comp>tm5ts1 9 two ( :i* occur 8 initials 8,p ,m40 ,illu/ration3 ,,juan ,,rosemba*4 ,illu/ration3 ,v4 ,,f]n&ez4 ,"o ( ! mo/ notewor?y names 9 ! e>ly annals ( ,spani% pr9t+ is t ( ,juan de ,rosemba* de ,haydell]i*1 :o pr9t$ books 9 ,b>celona1 #adic-h1 & aga9 at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 9 ,p]pignan1 #aejj2 9 ,t>ragona1 #adij1 & 9 ,monts]rat4 ,9 #adii he pr9t$ at ,t>ragona ! fam\s 8,missal de aquel ,arzobispado10 :i* ,m5dez decl>es to be 8muy recom5dable por v>ias circum/ancias40 ,at ,b>celona he pr9t$ 9 #aebf an edition ( ! 8,(icias de ,cic]o40 ,! ,m>ks ( ?is pr9t] v>y consid]ably1 b ! example "h reproduc$ may be reg>d$ z a repres5tative "o4 ,( ! e>ly ,lisbon pr9t]s1 ,val5t9 ,f]n&ez 8de la ,prov9cia de ,moravia0 0 probably ! fir/ to use a ,m>k 7"h reproduc$71 "o ( 8 publications be+ ! 8,glosa sobre las ,coplas0 ( ,jorge ,manrique1 #aeja4 ,illu/ration3 #a4 ,,za*>ias ,,kalli]gos4 #b4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,de ,,legnano4 #c4 ,j4 ,,de ,,v+le1 ,,( ,,pic>dy4 #d4 ,m4 ,,hugunt4 ,illu/ration3 ,a good book is a true fri5d a wise au?or a public b5efactor4 #agbf ,,"s ,,mod]n ,,examples4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/ation]s' ,,company4 ,,v]bum ,,dom9i ,,manet ,,9 ,,t]num ,dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s !re has be5 a v evid5t revival 9 ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k z a mod]n device1 b ! int]e/ has mu* m l>gely obta9$ among publi%]s ?an among pr9t]s4 ,we propose1 !re=e1 to include 9 ?is *apt] a few ( ! m int]e/+ examples ( ea* class4 ,on ! score ( antiquity ! ,/ation]s' ,company may be fir/ m5tion$4 ,f\nd$ 9 #adjc--ne>ly ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury be=e ! introduction ( pr9t+--its fir/ *>t] 0 n receiv$ until ,may #d?1 #aeeg1 dur+ ! reign ( ,m>y4 ,! numb] ( 8s$iti\s & h]etical books1 bo? 9 prose & v]se10 t 7 daily issu$ = ! propagation ( 8v great & dete/able h]esies aga9/ ! fai? & s\nd ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ,holy ,"m ! ,*ur*10 became s num]\s1 t ! gov]nm5t 7 only too glad to 8recognize0 ! ,company1 & to intru/ x ) ! mo/ absolute p[]4 ,! *>t] 0 to 8provide a prop] rem$y10 or1 9 o!r words1 to *eck ! fa/-increas+ numb] ( publications s bitt] 9 _! opposition to ! ,c\rt religion4 ,b1 /r+5t & emphatic z 0 ?is proclamation1 its effect 0 almo/ nil4 ,on ,june #f?1 #aeeh1 ano!r rigor\s act 0 publi%$ f 8our manor ( ,/4 ,james10 & w be f\nd 9 ,/rype's 8,ecclesia/ical ,memorials0 7ed4 #ahbb1 iii4 "p #b1 pp4 #acj1 #aca74 ,x _h specific ref]5ce to ! illegality ( s$iti\s books import$1 & o!rs 8cov]tly pr9t$ )9 ?is realm10 :]eby 8n only ,god is di%on\r$1 b also enc\ragem5t is giv5 to disobey lawful pr9ces & gov]nors40 ,?is proclamation decl>$ t n only ^? :o possess$ su* books1 b also ^? :o1 on f9d+ !m1 d n =?) report ! same1 %\ld be dealt ) z rebels4 ,x w be se51 !re=e1 h[ easy x 01 9 ! abs5ce ( any f9e def9ition1 = books ( :atev] "* to be proscrib$4 ,!re 0 no appeal aga9/ ! decision ( ! ,/ation]s' ,hall repres5tatives1 :o _h ! p[] entirely 9 _! own h&s4 ,a few mon?s aft] ,m>y's futile attempt at *eck+ ! fre$om ( ! press1 a diametrically objective *ange occurr$1 & ) ,elizabe?'s accession to ! ?rone 9 ,novemb]1 #aeeh1 ! lic5s$ /ation]s conv5i5tly ve]$ ar\nd & 7 z indu/ri\s 9 suppress+ ,ca?olic books z !y _h be5 a few weeks previ\sly 9 endeav\r+ to /amp out ^? ( ! new religion4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,/ation]s' ,company h[ev] has be5 s frequ5tly told t x ne$ n be fur!r ent]$ ^u "h1 & x mu/ suffice u to say t1 aft] _m vicissitudes1 all ! privileges & monopolies _h become neutraliz$ by ! end ( ! la/ c5tury1 till x _h no?+ left b ! "r to publi% a common ,lat9 prim] & almanacks1 & ! "r to ! latt] monopoly 0 annull$ aft] a memorable spee* ( ,erks9e4 ,! ,company /ill cont9ues to publi% almanacks1 & uses ! two ,m>ks or ,arms "h reproduc$4 ,! l>g] example is ! old]1 & is us$ on ! ,c\nty almanacks2 :il/ ! small] "o is us$ on circul>s & notices4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/ation]s' ,,company4 ,,v]bum ,,dom9i ,,manet ,,9 ,,et]num4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,riv+tons4 ,fe> ,god ,hon\r ! ,k+ ,( ! exi/+ firms ( publi%]s & pr9t]s1 t ( ,messrs4 ,longmans is ! mo/ memorable2 vice ! firm ( ,messrs4 ,riv+tons1 :i* has n[ become jo9$ to t ( ! ,longmans4 ,?is gives u ! opportunity to consid] briefly ! ,m>ks ( ! two firms toge!r4 ,9 ! ye> #agaa1 ,ri*>d ,*iswell1 ! pr9t] ( mu* ( ,dryd5's poetry1 di$1 & 8 bus9ess pass$ into ! h&s ( ,*>les ,riv+ton1 a native ( ,*e/]field1 ,d]by%ire4 ,?\ghtful & pi\s himself1 ,*>les ,riv+ton ?rew himself ) ard\r into ! trade = religi\s manuals1 & n only succe$+ 9 p]suad+ ,john ,wesley to translate 8 ,kempis0 = him1 b also 9 publi%+ ! sa9tly ,bi%op ,?omas ,wilson's 8,%ort & ,pla9 ,introduction to ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,"l's ,supp]10 ! fir/ edition ( :i* be>s ,*>les ,riv+ton's "n on ! impr9t1 & :i* is /ill popul>4 ,to ! noveli/ ,ri*>dson1 he sugge/$ 8,pamela40 ,dy+ 9 #agdb1 he left ,samuel ,ri*>dson z "o ( ! executors ( 8 six *ildr51 b 8 sons1 ,john & ,james1 cont9u$ to conduct ! bus9ess4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 x 0 deem$ advisable = ! bro!rs to sep>ate1 & :ile ,john rema9$ at ! 8,bible & ,cr[n10 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 ,james jo9$ a ,mr4 ,flet*] 9 ! same locality1 & />t$ afre%4 ,"o especially =tunate v5ture 0 ! publication ( ,smollett's cont9uation ( ,hume1 :i* br\ght its lucky publi%]s upw>ds ( #aj1jjj1 a l>g] pr(it ?an _h previ\sly be5 made on any "o book4 ,h[ev]1 ,newm>ket _h attractions = ,james1 & ev5tually disa/] set 92 he di$ 9 ,new ,york 9 #ahjb or #ahjc4 ,8 bro!r1 mean:ile1 _h plodd$ on /eadily at home1 & admitt+ 8 two sons1 ,francis & ,*>les1 into p>tn]%ip4 ,ab\t ?is "t !re 7 num]\s editions ( ! classics1 ! common prop]ty ( a syndicate ( publi%]s1 & x says mu* = ,mr4 ,john ,riv+ton t he 0 appo9t$ manag+ p>tn]4 ,ab\t #agfj he obta9$ ! appo9tm5t ( publi%] to ! ,society = ,promot+ ,*ri/ian ,k1 a lucrative po/1 held by ! firm = upw>ds ( two g5]ations4 ,by ! ye> #ahhi1 ! two repres5tatives ( ?is anci5t firm 7 ,messrs4 ,francis ,hans>d ,riv+ton & ,septimus ,riv+ton2 9 ?is ye> ! p>tn]%ip 0 dissolv$1 & ! goodwill & /ock 7 acquir$ by ,messrs4 ,longmans4 ,!y us$ at v>i\s p]iods no less ?an eight ,m>ks1 ! design ( :i* 0 9 mo/ cases bas$ ^u ! anci5t sign ( _! %op1 8,! ,bible & ,sun40 ,illu/ration3 ,,longman ,,& ,,co4 ,,errabant ,,m>ia ,,omnia ,,circum #agbf ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cl>5don ,,press4 ,,dom9vs ,,illum9atio ,,mea ,! hi/ory ( ,messrs4 ,longmans may be said to comm5ce ) ! bir? ( ,?omas ,longman 9 #afii4 ,! son ( a ,bri/ol g5tleman1 he lo/ 8 fa!r 9 #agjh1 &1 eight ye>s lat]1 0 appr5tic$1 on ,june #i1 #agaf1 to ,mr4 ,john ,osborn ( ,lomb>d ,/reet1 ,london4 ,8 appr5tice%ip expir+ 7he _h come into ! possession ( 8 prop]ty two ye>s e>li]71 we f9d him1 9 #agbd1 pur*as+ f 8 ma/]1 ,john ,osborn 7act+ ) ,william ,innys z executors71 ! /ock 9 trade ( ,william ,taylor1 ( ! ,%ip & ,black ,swan 9 ,pat]no/] ,r[4 ,read]s ( ,longman's ,magaz9e turn to ,mr4 ,&rew ,lang's g5ial gossip1 8,at ! ,sign ( ! ,%ip10 )\t recall+ ! orig9 ( ! title4 ,h5ce=w>d ! ,%ip c>ri$ ! ,longman =tunes z c>go1 & ! prosp]ity ( ! vessel is n yet end$4 ,messrs4 ,longmans h us$ ne>ly a doz5 ,m>ks1 all ( :i* h be5 sugge/$1 l ^? ( ! ,riv+tons1 by ! sign ( _! %op1 :i* has n[ gr[n into a v impos+ pile ( build+s4 ,( ^! ,m>ks we give two ( ! mo/ arti/ic & int]e/+4 ,z tak+ u back into a comp>atively remote p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( pr9t+ & publi%+ 9 ,engl&1 ! ,m>k ( ! ,cl>5don ,press1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! arms ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 may be "h cit$4 ,illu/rations3 ,,william ,,pick]+4 ,,aldi ,,discip4 ,,angl4 ,,aldi ,,discip4 ,,angl4 ,illu/ration3 ,,basil ,,montagu ,,pick]+4 ,b ,m ,pick]+ ,aldi ,discipulus ,anglus ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,*iswick ,,press4 ,,hope ,,well ,,& ,,h ,,well ,,cw ,! 8,*iswick ,press0 ( ,messrs4 ,:itt+ham & ,co41 is 9 sev]al respects a l9k ) ! long pa/1 &1 hav+ be5 9 exi/5ce = m ?an a c5tury1 is "o ( ! olde/ (fices 9 ,london4 ,x has atta9$ a _w-wide celebrity = ! excell5ce ( its "w1 ! c>eful read+ & correction ( pro(s1 & ! appropriate application ( its v>i$ collection ( ornam5ts & initial lett]s4 ,! ,*iswick ,press 0 ! fir/ to revive ! use ( antique type 9 #ahdc1 = ! pr9t+ ( 8,lady ,will\ghby's ,di>y10 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,longmans4 ,s9ce t "t its use has become univ]sal4 ,! f\nd]1 ,*>les ,:itt+ham1 0 born on ,june #af?1 #agfg1 at ,call$on1 9 ,w>wick1 & 0 appr5tic$ at ,cov5try 9 #aggi1 work+ subsequ5tly at ,birm+ham1 & !n 9 ,london4 ,he comm5c$ bus9ess on 8 own acc\nt 9 ,fett] ,lane 9 #agij2 & 9 #ahaj he _h remov$ to ,*iswick1 & s9ce t p]iod ! firm has always be5 kn[n z 8,! ,*iswick ,press40 ,9 #ahbh he began to execute "w = ,william ,pick]+1 ! publi%]1 & 8 press quickly acquir$ an unrivall$ reputation = its collection ( ornam5tal bord]s1 head & tail pieces4 ,! publi%] ,pick]+1 & ! pr9t] ,:itt+ham1 _h employ$ ab\t two doz5 m>ks 9 _! v>i\s books3 ! =m] ju/ly call+ himself a disciple ( ,aldus1 & us+ a l>ge numb] ( v>iations on ! orig9al ,an*or & ,dolph9 ,m>k ( ! great ,v5etian pr9t]4 ,( ^! we give two examples1 "o )1 & "o )\t a c>t\*e2 & also ! m>k ( ,basil ,montagu ,pick]+1 ! son & successor ( ,william ,pick]+4 ,we also reproduce ?ree ( ! m /rik+ ,m>ks ( ! ,*iswick ,press1 ! %ield on "o ( :i*1 x w be obs]v$1 c>ries ! ,ald9e ,an*or & ,dolph94 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,*iswick ,,press4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,*iswick ,,press4 ,*>les ,:itt+ham ,illu/ration3 ,,*atto ,,& ,,w9dus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,david ,,nutt4 ,,libellus ,,9 ,,nuce ,illu/ration3 ,,cassell ,,& ,,co4 ,,la ,,belle ,,sauvage ,illu/ration3 ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co4 ,,mm,co ,illu/ration3 ,t4 ,,fi%] ,,unw94 ,,tfu ,illu/ration3 ,,lawr5ce ,,& ,,bull54 ,,lb ,illu/ration3 ,,kegan ,,paul ,,& ,,co4 ,,arbor ,,sci5ti ,,arbor ,,vit ,! "n ( ,cassell takes u back to ! era ( ,*>les ,knight & ,john ,cassell1 & ! inauguration ( ! noble results :i* ^! two pione]s a*iev$ on behalf ( *eap & heal?y lit]ature4 ,! "n ( ! =m] is no long] associat$ ) ei!r pr9t+ or publi%+2 b t ( ! latt] is /ill "o ( ! mo/ prolific firms ( pr9t]s & publi%]s4 ,its ,m>k is f\nd$ on ! "n ( 8,la ,belle ,sauvage0 ,y>d1 ,ludgate ,hill1 9 :i* ! bus9ess has be5 locat$ = a long s]ies ( ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,r4 ,,& ,r4 ,,cl>k4 ,,pr9t]s ,r ,r ,,pr9t]s ,,ed9burg ,two ,ed9burgh pr9t]s may be "h conv5i5tly ref]r$ to4 ,messrs4 ,r4 & ,r4 ,cl>k1 ^: bus9ess 0 />t$ 9 ,hanov] ,/reet1 ,ed9burgh1 9 #ahdf1 & remov$ to ,br&on ,/reet1 9 t city1 9 #ahhc1 are well kn[n = ! excell5ce ( _! pr9t+4 ,mr4 ,au/9 ,dobson ?us s+s1 9 ,mr4 ,&rew ,lang's ,book on 8,! ,libr>y30 8#8,( mak+ _m books1' 'twas said1 #8,!re is no end2' & :o !reon ,! ev]-runn+ ink do? %$ ,b proves ! words ( ,solomon3 ,:]e=e we n[1 = ,colophon1 ,f ,london's ,city dre> & d>k1 ,9 ! ye> ,eighte5-eighty-"o1 ,repr9t !m at ! press ( ,cl>k40 ,! accompany+ ,m>k 0 design$ by ,mr4 ,walt] ,crane1 & fir/ us$ by ,messrs4 ,cl>k 9 #ahha4 ,x is us$ 9 sev]al sizes4 ,( ! v h&some ,m>k ( ,messrs4 ,t4 & ,a4 ,con/able1 ! ,que5's ,pr9t]s1 at ! ,univ]sity ,press1 we may m5tion t ! leg5d is a hexamet]2 x 0 writt5 by ,pr(essor ,/rong1 & conta9s two puns2 ! %ip is an old ,con/able device4 ,! ,m>ks ( bo? ,messrs4 ,*atto & ,w9dus 7:o succe$$ to ! bus9ess1 />t$ & c>ri$ on ) su* en]gy by ! late ,john ,camd5 ,hott57 & ,messrs4 ,macmillan & ,co4 7^: firm dates f ! ye> #ahdc7 are *>act]iz$ by ! extreme/ possible simplicity4 ,illu/ration3 ,t4 ,,fi%] ,,unw94 ,,tfu ,,vita ,,s9e ,,lit]is ,,mors ,,e/ ,illu/ration3 ,t4 ,,& ,a4 ,,con/able4 ,,firma ,,p]]rat ,,aqvas ,,et ,,con/abilitvr ,,evndo ,t ,a ,c ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,morris kelmscott ,william ,morris ,! f9e/ ( ! sev]al ,m>ks us$ by ,messrs4 ,george ,bell & ,sons is giv5 9 two col\rs on ! title-page ( ! pres5t volume1 & is a play on ! surname1 ! ,ald9e device be+ add$ to ! bell4 ,ano!r example w be f\nd on page #bfa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,morris4 ,kelmscott ,messrs4 ,kegan ,paul1 ,tr5*1 ,trbn] & ,co41 ,limit$1 orig9ally a bran* ( ! ext5sive ,anglo-,indian firm ( ,h4 ,s4 ,k+ & ,co41 fir/ us$ ! accompany+ device 9 ! autumn ( #ahgg2 ! draw+ 0 execut$ by ,mrs4 ,orr9smi? 9 accordance ) ,mr4 ,kegan ,paul's sugge/ions4 ,messrs4 ,lawr5ce & ,bull51 l ,messrs4 ,cl>k1 call$ 9 ! aid ( ,mr4 ,walt] ,crane 9 design+ _! *>m+ little ,m>k4 ,we give two ( ! sev]al ,m>ks us$ by "o ( ! mo/ prolific ( ! y\ng] publi%]s1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,fi%] ,unw91 ! "o is simply 8 initials1 & ! m elaborate example is a copy ( a type n infrequ5tly met ) among ! m>ks ( ! sixte5? c5tury pr9t]s4 ,mr4 ,david ,nutt's device is a qua9t & effective play on 8 surname4 ,?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,william ,morris1 we are enabl$ to give examples ( bo? 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,*iefely ga!r$ = ! com=t ( ,/u- d5ts1 & consequ5tly ( all ^? t haue a c>e ( _! heal?1 amplifi$ vpon fiue words ( ,hippocrates1 writt5 ,epid4 #f4 ,labor1 ,cibus1 ,potio1 ,somnus1 ,v5us3 ,by ,?omas ,coghan ma/] ( ,artes1 ,ba*el] ( ,phisicke4 ,h]eunto is add$ a ,pres]uation f ! ,pe/il5ce1 ,) a %ort ,c5sure ( ! late sicknes at ,ox=d4 ,ecclesia/icus4 ,cap4 #cg4 #cj4 ,by surfet haue manie p]i%$3 b he t diete? himselfe prolonge? 8 life4 nor ,w ,,at ,,london ,pr9t$ by ,h5rie ,midleton1 = ,william ,norton4 #aehd4 ,,bibliography4 ,! foll[+ books w be f\nd helpful to ^? :o wi% to prosecute _! /udies fur!r into ! subject ( ! ,pr9t]'s ,m>k4 ,special in=mation respect+ ! devices ( ! m em95t typograph]s1 su* z ,plant91 ,elzevir1 & o!rs1 w be f\nd 9 ! monographs & bibliographies :i* h be5 compil$ conc]n+ ^! m5 & _! works4 ,,havre1 ,g4 ,,van4 ,m>ques typographiques des imprimeurs et libraires anv]sois1 #b vols4 ,avec plus de #ajjj reproductions4 ,anv41 #ahhd4 ,,heitz 7,p47 & ,,b>ack 7,k4 ,a474 ,die ,b*]m>k5 od] ,bu*druck] und ,v]leg]zei*54 ,elsssis*e ,b*]m>k5 bis ,anfang des #ah4 ,jahrhdts4 ,neb/ ,vorbem]kung5 u4 ,na*ri*t5 b4 d4 ,druck]4 ,mit #gf ,holzs*n4 ,tafeln4 #do4 ,/rassburg1 #ahib4 ,,holtrop1 ,j4 ,w4 ,monum5ts ,typographiques des ,pays ,bas au qu9zime sicle4 ,fol4 ,la ,haye1 #ahfh4 ,,horne1 ,,rev4 ,t4 ,h4 ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,bibliography4 #hvo4 ,london1 #ahad4 ,,humphreys1 ,h4 ,n4 ,ma/]pieces ( ! ,e>ly ,pr9t]s4 ,fol4 ,london1 #ahgj4 ,,inv5taire des m>ques d'imprimeurs et de libraires de la ,france4 #do4 ,p>is1 #ahhf-hg4 ,,johnson1 ,j4 ,typographia1 #b vols4 ,london1 #ahbd4 ,,l$ebo]1 ,,adrian ,,m>4 ,alfabetis*e lij/ d] ,boekdrukk]s1 ,boekv]koop]s en ,uitgev]s 9 ,nord-,n$]l&4 ,) #d plates ( ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks4 #dto4 ,utre*t1 #ahgf4 ,,lemp]tz1 ,,he9ri*4 ,bild] ,hefte zur ,ges*i*te des ,b*]h&els und d] mit demselb5 v]w&t5 ,kn/e und ,gew]be4 #aa ,hefte mit #fe ,taf41 en?alt4 ,facs4 ,reprod4 von ,portraits b]hmt] ,bu*hndl]1 auf d5 ,bu*h&el bezgl4 ,s*rift/cke1 ,initial51 ,ex-libris1 ,abbild5 kun/voll] ,e9bnde4 ,fol4 ,kln1 #ahec-fe4 ,,l9de1 ,a4 ,v4 ,d4 ,ges*i*te d] ,erf9dung d] ,bu*druck]kun/4 #c ,bde4 #do4 #ahhf-hg4 ,,me]mann1 ,,g]>d4 ,orig9es typographic1 #b vols4 ,) #aj pl4 ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks4 #do4 ,hag4 ,com41 #agfe4 ,,m5dez1 ,,fray ,,francisco4 ,tipographia espaola hi/oria de la introduccion1 propagacion y progesos del arte de la impr5ta en ,espaa4 ,second edition revis$ by ,d4 ,hidalgo4 ,madrid1 #ahfa4 ,,orl&i1 ,p4 ,a4 ,orig9 e ,progressi della ,/ampa4 #do4 ,bolog4 #agbb4 ,,ro?-,,s*oltz1 ,f4 ,!saurus ,symbol>um ac ,emblematum1 etc4 ,fol4 ,nremb]g1 #agcj 7) reproductions ( sev]al hundr$ ,m>ks74 ,,silve/re1 ,l4 ,c4 ,m>ques typographiques ou recueil des monogrammes1 *iffres1 enseignes1 etc41 des libraires et imprimeurs qui ont ex]c en ,france depuis #adgj1 jusqu' la f9 du #af;e sicle4 ,avec plus de #acjj fig4 s4 bois4 ,p>is1 #ahec-fg4 ,,?i]ry-,,p\x1 ,o4 ,premi] ,monum5ts1 etc41 de l'imprimeur en ,france au ,,xv sicle4 ,fol4 ,p>is1 #ahij4 ,,weigel 7,t4 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,kpfel 7or ,cphalu71 ,w41 #ag1 #ade1 #adf4 ,krantz1 ,m41 #ajj1 #aja4 ,laga*e1 ,j4 & ,a41 #bi4 ,lamb]t1 ,j41 #ad1 #bf4 ,lamp>t]1 ,n41 #aff4 ,l',angeli]1 ,a41 #aj4 ,laur5s1 ,le ,petit1 #cd4 ,lawr5ce & ,bull51 #bdc4 ,le ,bret1 ,g41 #cf4 ,lecoq1 ,jehan1 #f1 #g1 #acg4 ,leeu1 ,g41 #ahd-ahf4 ---- ,n41 #ahd4 ,le ,=e/i]1 ,j41 #ba4 ,legnano1 ,g4 ,g41 #bbf-bbh4 ---- ,j4 ,a41 #bcb4 ,le ,jeune1 ,m41 #bj4 ,le ,noir1 ,mi*el1 #c1 #ac1 #aji4 ---- ,p4 & ,g41 #d1 #aaj4 ,le ,preux1 ,f41 #agg4 ---- ,j41 #ab4 ---- ,poncet1 #cf4 ,le ,r\ge1 ,p41 #aji4 ,le ,talleur1 ,g41 #bf4 ,lie*t5/e91 ,p41 #bae4 ,lipp9cott & ,co41 #bea4 ,lockwood & ,co41 #bej4 ,longis1 ,j41 #ad4 ,longman & ,co41 #bcc1 #bcg1 #bdj4 ,losle91 ,p41 #dh1 #bac4 ,lott]1 ,mel*ior1 #afi1 #agj4 ,lynne1 ,w41 #eb1 #hc4 ,mac1 ,b41 #cf4 ---- ,r41 #ac4 ---- ,family1 ,!1 #ajh4 ,macmillan & ,co41 #bdc4 ,madd51 ,j4 ,p4 ,a41 8,lettres10 #eg4 ,magno1 #bbi4 ,maillet1 ,j4 & ,e41 #e4 ,ma9yal1 ,g41 #aja4 ,mall>d1 ,o41 #ad4 ,manilius1 ,g41 #cb4 ,mansion1 ,col>d1 #aha4 ,m>*ant1 ,g41 #bi1 #ajf4 ,m>nef1 see ,de ,m>nef4 ,m>t9 d',alo/1 ,t41 #ahj1 #baj1 #baa4 ,m>t91 ,l41 #cd4 ,me]1 ,j4 ,j4 van d]1 #ahf4 ,meietos1 ,p4 & ,a41 #bag4 ,m5tel91 ,j41 #aci4 ,middleton1 ,w41 #gf-gg4 ---- ,h41 #beb4 ,miguel1 ,p41 #bf1 #bca4 ,miscom9i1 ,a41 #bbf4 ,mittelhus1 ,g41 #bf4 ,morel1 ,g41 #ag1 #ch4 ,mor91 ,m41 #acg4 ,morris1 ,william1 #bdg-ia4 ,m\l91 ,j41 #ig4 ,mll]1 ,craft1 #adg1 #adh1 #adi4 ,myll>1 ,a41 #f1 #ie1 #if4 ,nani1 ,h41 #be4 ,neob>1 ,c41 #bj4 ,nijh(f1 ,m41 #bea4 ,nivelle1 ,s41 #ad1 #abf1 #abh1 #abi1 #acj4 ,noir1 see ,le ,noir4 ,norton1 ,w41 #hh1 #beb4 ,not>y1 ,j41 #fa-fb4 ,n\rry1 ,c41 #ad4 ,nutt1 ,david1 #bdc4 ,ogl91 ,erh>t1 #afc-afd4 ,olivi]1 ,j41 #bc4 ,orw91 ,t41 #cj4 ,paffraej1 ,alb]tus1 #ahc-ahd4 ---- ,ri*>d1 #ahd4 ,palom>1 ,l41 #bbi4 ,pann>tz1 ,a41 #bji4 ,paulo de ,colonia1 #bbi4 ,paul 7,kegan7 & ,co41 #bdc1 #bdi4 ,pavi]1 ,t41 #aj1 #ab4 ,pegnic]1 ,j41 #bbi4 ,pepwell1 ,h41 #fc1 #ahi4 ,p]egr9o de ,pasqualibus1 #be1 #bae4 ,pri]1 ,t41 #bg4 ,petit1 ,j41 #f1 #i1 #aab1 #aae4 ,p=tzheim1 see ,de ,p=tzheim4 ,pic>t1 ,b41 #df4 ,pick]+1 ,w41 #bci1 #bdb4 ---- ,b4 ,m41 #bci1 #bdb4 ,pig\*et1 #ig1 #aab1 #aac4 ,p9cius1 ,p41 #bbc4 ,p9e1 ,j41 #df4 ,p9zi1 ,p41 #be4 ,plant91 ,c41 #bjc-bje4 ,poll>d1 ,a4 ,w41 #dh4 ,portun>is1 ,v41 #bb4 ,prevo/eau1 ,e41 #ag4 ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks3 punn+ devices1 #c1 #aj2 mottoes f sacr$ hi/ory1 #h2 pr9t+ press1 #ab2 mottoes1 #ac2 ,hebrew & ,greek mottoes1 #ag2 ! ,sph]e1 #ag1 #bjg2 ! ,braz5 ,s]p5t1 #bj2 ,balaam's ,ass1 #bb2 ,*ri/ on ! ,cross1 #bb2 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 #bb2 ,sa9ts & rie/s1 #bc2 ,! ,cross1 #bc-bf2 ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon1 #bf2 ,"t & ,peace1 #bg2 musical notes1 #bi2 ru/ic subjects1 #bi2 ! ,cornucopia1 #cj2 ! ,unicorn1 #cb-cd2 ! ,griff91 #ce2 ! ,m]maid1 #cf2 ! ,an*or1 #cg2 ,angels1 #cg2 ,arion1 #cg2 ,bell]ophon1 #cg2 a/rological signs1 #cg2 ,cat1 #ch2 ,eagle1 #ch2 ,=tune1 #ch1 #dd2 ,f\nta91 #ch2 ,he>t1 #ch2 ,h]cules1 #ch2 ,lion1 #ch2 ,magpie1 #ch2 ,m]cury1 #ch2 ,pelican1 #ch2 ,phnix1 #ci2 ,salam&]1 #ci2 ,swan1 #ci4 ,psalt]1 ,! ,m5tz1 #da4 ,pynson1 ,r41 #ei-fa4 ,ra/ell1 ,j41 #cf4 ,ratdolt1 ,e41 #afb1 #bab-bad4 ,regnault1 ,f41 #ge1 #ajc-aje4 ---- ,p41 #aje4 ,rembolt1 ,b41 #ag1 #bf1 #aja1 #ajb4 ,reynes1 ,j41 #af4 ,ricci1 ,b41 #be4 ,ri*>d1 ,j41 #cd4 ---- ,t41 #bi4 ,rigaud1 ,b41 #ad4 ,rihel1 ,w5del91 #aej4 ,riv]y1 ,j41 #agd4 ,riv+tons1 ,!1 #bce-h4 ,rizz>di1 ,g41 #bbe1 #bbh4 ,roccociola1 ,d41 #be1 #bbf4 ,roce1 ,d41 #d1 #ad1 #ff4 ,rodt1 ,b]?old1 #afc4 ,r(fet1 ,j41 #bi1 #cj4 ---- ,family1 ,!1 #abe4 ,rose1 ,g]ma91 #d4 ,rosemba*1 ,j41 #bf1 #bcj1 #bca-b4 ,ro?-,s*oltz's 8,!saurus10 #bd4 ,rubeus de ,val5tia1 ,l41 #be1 #bae4 ,ryv]d1 ,g41 #bb4 ,sabio ,bro!rs1 ,!1 #bbd-bbf4 ,sac]1 ,j41 #be4 ,sacon1 ,j41 #bf1 #gc4 ,s*ffel] ( ,bod5see1 #bb4 ,s*aufele91 ,hans1 #aee1 #aef4 ,s*]1 ,conrad1 #aeb4 ,s*omb]g1 ,w41 #be4 ,s*ott1 ,m4 & ,j41 #ada4 ,s*ultis1 ,e41 #cb4 ,s*umann1 ,v41 #agj-aga4 ,scol>1 ,j41 #ic1 #id4 ,scott1 or ,skott1 ,j41 #ff4 ,scotto1 ,o41 #be1 #bad-bae4 ,s]g5t1 ,p41 #ah4 ,sessa1 ,m41 #bag-bah4 ,sib]*1 ,j41 #id1 #ie4 ,silvius1 ,g41 #bb4 ,s+leton1 ,hugh1 #hb1 #hc4 ,sixtus ,riess+]1 #baj4 ,snella]t1 ,c41 #cd1 #ce1 #ahf4 ,somas*i1 ,!1 #be4 ,sot]1 ,johann1 #afa-afb4 ,/4 ,albans ,press1 ,!1 #ed-ef4 ,/adelb]g]1 ,j41 #agb-agc4 ,/agn9us1 ,b41 #be1 #bae4 ,/ation]s' ,company1 ,!1 #bcc-f4 ,/eels1 ,j41 #ai1 #aia4 ,/e9s*aw]1 ,adam1 #agc4 ,su>do1 ,l41 #be4 ,sweynheim1 ,c41 #bji4 ,t>dif1 ,a41 #h4 ,temporal1 ,j41 #ad1 #bg4 ,?ann]1 ,j41 #aci1 #aga4 ,!r ,ho]n51 ,a41 #bd1 #aeg1 #aei1 #ahc4 ,?omas1 #bbi4 ,title-page1 ,! ,fir/1 #dh4 ,tonson1 ,j41 #id4 ,topie1 ,m41 #aca4 ,torresano1 ,a41 #bai4 ,tory1 ,ge(frey1 #ad1 #aag-aah4 ,tottell1 ,r41 #he4 ,t\rnes1 see ,de ,t\rnes4 ,trepp]el1 ,j41 #ba4 ,tres*el1 ,j41 #be1 #aae1 #acb4 ---- ,! ,bro!rs1 #ag4 ,trev]is1 ,p41 #fd4 ,unw91 ,t4 ,f41 #bdc1 #bde4 ,van d5 ,ke]e1 ,h41 #aie1 #aih4 ,van d] ,noot1 ,t41 #aid1 #aif4 ,van ,homb]gh1 ,h4 ,e41 #ahh4 ,vautrolli]1 ,t41 #g1 #gc1 #ge4 ,veld5]1 ,j41 #agh4 ,velpius1 ,rutg]1 #bjj4 ,vr>d1 ,a41 #ba1 #ajb4 ,vid\e1 ,p41 #ag1 #abd4 ,v9c5t1 ,simon1 #cd1 #ea4 ,v9del9us de ,spira1 #bac4 ,vitalibus1 ,b4 de1 #bae4 ,von ,&lau1 ,g41 #a1 #cb1 #adf4 ,vo/re1 ,s41 #ajb1 #ajc1 #aaa1 #aab4 ,vur/] de ,campidon1 ,j41 #bbf4 ,waesb]ghe1 ,j41 #aii4 ,wal?oe1 ,j41 #ib4 ,w>e1 ,r41 #ib1 #ic4 ,w*el1 ,a4 & ,c41 #ca1 #abe-abg4 ,weiss5burg]1 ,j41 #afg-afi4 ,:it*ur*e1 ,e41 #ge4 ,:itt+ham1 ,messrs41 #bdj-b4 ,wight1 or ,wyghte1 ,j41 #hc1 #hd4 ,w9det1 ,j41 #hb4 ,wolfe1 ,r41 #bj1 #gg1 #hf4 ---- ,john1 #gg1 #gh4 ,woodcock1 ,t41 #aj1 #hf1 #hg4 ,wy]1 ,r41 #fh4 ,wynkyn de ,worde1 #ea1 #eg-ei1 #fg4 ,za9]1 ,g41 #da1 #afb4 ,zanis1 ,b>?olomeus1 #bae4 ,zell1 ,ulric1 #aeg1 #agh4 ,zetzn]1 ,l41 #aea1 #aeb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,george ,,bell ,,& ,,sons4 ,decoration ,,*iswick ,,press3--,,*>les ,,:itt+ham ,,& ,,co41 ,,tooks ,,c\rt1 ,,*anc]y ,,lane4 ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or4 ,,! ,,e>li] ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engli% ,,booksell+4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,sampson ,l[ & ,co4 #ahhi4 ,,*ri/ie',s3 ,a ,*apt] 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,art4 ,9 ! ,press4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,errata 7,not$ by ,transcrib]7 ,ma9 ,text3 primus excogitavit ,aldus40 miss+ close quote & ) ! motto 8,vogue la gualee40 illu/ration text has 8guallee0 8444 eu p\r orig9e l'affiliation une confrrie religieuse40 error = 8eut p\r08 ,! editions ( ! ,pr9t]1 8 la licorne10 ,deft spell+ 8,deft0 un*ang$3 may be quot+ orig9al 9 ?is device we h ! sun %9+ devise 8,v]itas virescit vuln]e40 illu/ration text has 8viressit0 8,p\r proqu] la gr&' misricorde1 text un*ang$3 illu/ration has 8provocqu]0 ! two fir/1 ,jean or ,jehan & ,galliot1 7 ! mo/ celebrat$4 f9al p]iod miss+ or invisible ! motto 8ard5tes juvo10 illu/ration text has 8aud5tes0 examples ( ! ,/rasburg pr9t]s "h & bel[1 anomal\s spell+ ) "o 8s0 un*ang$ _! v elaborate 8,elsssis*e ,b*]m>k5 bis ,anfang des #ah4 ,jahrhund]ts10 miss+ p]iod 9 8#ah401 pres5t 9 e>li] citation ,b]?old ,rodt ( ,hanau1 "o ( ,fu/'s workm5 ,f/'s probably t ( ,wilhelm ,moritz ,endt]'s daught] ?at( an en?usia/ic bibliopole n an error3 booksell]1 n bibliophile ,johann ,feyrab5dt spell$ -b5dt 9 body text1 -b5d 9 figure caption ,le ,n\ueau ,te/am5t de no/re ,sauflueur ,iesu ,*ri/ spell+ un*ang$ ,joannes & ,gregorius de ,gregoriis1 #adhj-aeaf1 #adhj--aeaf ! 8,britannia0 ( ,camd5 444 :i* 0 likewise employ$ text un*ang$3 sup]flu\s 8:i*0 ! fir/ edition ! unabridg$ 8,*ronicle ( ! ,cid10 text un*ang$3 miss+ 8(08 ,illu/rations ( ,pr9t]s' ,m>ks3 ,non-classical spell+s 9 ,greek are n individually not$4 #ad4 ,h]cules ,nani4 p]iod 4 aft] #ad4 9 caption invisible 1 brea?+ m>k z %[n ,melius e/ nom5 bonum quam diuitie mnlte4 ,pr\4 xxu4 error 8mnlte0 = 8multe0 9 orig9al text seems to say 8xxu0 7xxv1 #be7 b passage is at #bb 1 4 ,all errors1 includ+ ! use ( mu = nu1 are 9 ! orig9al4 4 ,!re is no su* ^w z or 1 b ! int5d$ =m c\ld n be d$uc$2 x might be a v>iant ( 4 ' ,galle premes tecum mox ,leo uictus erit unambigu\s apo/rophe ' nei!r flyspeck nor "p ( v]se text un*ang$3 error = ,bibliography3 ,elsssis*e ,b*]m>k5 bis ,anfang des #ah4 ,jahrhdts4 miss+ p]iod 9 8#ah401 pres5t 9 fir/ citation l'imprimeur en ,france au ,,xv sicle4 text un*ang$3 error = 8,,xve0 7sup]script e78 ,index3 ,a few miss+ commas aft] initials 7 sil5tly suppli$4 ,de ,v9ne1 ,?41 #bea4 #aea