,illustration3 ,,ring ,a' ,,roses ,from the painting by ,fred ,morgan ,frontispiece ,,games ,,for ,,the ,,playground1 ,,home1 ,,school ,,and ,,gymnasium ,,by ,,jessie ,h4 ,,bancroft ,,assistant ,,director ,,physical ,,training1 ,,public ,,schools1 ,,new ,,york ,,city2 ,,ex-,,secretary ,,american ,,physical ,,education ,,association2 ,,member ,,american ,,association ,,for ,,the ,,advancement ,,of ,,science2 ,,author ,,of ,,school ,,gymnastics1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,new ,york ,,the ,,macmillan ,,company #aibb ,all rights reserved ,,copyright1 #aiji1 ,,by ,,the ,,macmillan ,,company4 ,set up and electrotyped4 ,published1 ,december1 #aiji4 ,norwood ,press ,j4 ,s4 ,cushing ,co4--,berwick ,smith ,co4 ,norwood1 ,mass41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,page ,,introduction #a ,,to ,,the ,,teacher ,,of ,,games #bf ,,counting-,,out2 ,,choosing ,,sides2 ,,who',s ,,it8 #ce ,,miscellaneous ,,active ,,games #dc ,,quiet ,,games #baa ,,feats ,,and ,,forfeits #bdc ,,singing ,,games #bei ,,balls ,,and ,,bean ,,bags #bie a4 ,specifications for ,balls1 ,bean ,bags1 and ,marking ,grounds1 etc4 #big b4 ,bean ,bag and ,oat ,sack ,games #cjc c4 ,ball ,games #cai ,,indexes ,,games ,,for ,,elementary ,,schools1 ,,first ,,to ,,eighth ,,years #dbg ,,games ,,for ,,high ,,schools #dcc ,,games ,,for ,,playgrounds1 ,,gymnasiums1 ,,and ,,large ,,numbers #dce ,,games ,,for ,,boys' ,,and ,,girls' ,,summer ,,camps #ddj a4 ,active ,games #ddj b4 ,quiet ,games #ddb ,,house-,,party ,,and ,,country-,,club ,,games #ddd a4 ,active ,games #ddd b4 ,quiet ,games #dde ,,games ,,for ,,children',s ,,parties #ddf a4 ,active ,games #ddf b4 ,quiet ,games #ddg ,,seashore ,,games #ddi ,,alphabetical ,,index #dea ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations ,,ring ,a' ,,roses ,frontispiece ,,facing ,,page ,,all-,,up ,,relay ,,race #de ,,buying ,a ,,lock #eh ,,catch-,,and-,,pull ,,tug ,,of ,,war2 ,a ,,high ,,school ,,freshman ,,class #fj ,,forcing ,,the ,,city ,,gates #hi ,,how ,,many ,,miles ,,to ,,babylon8 #ajh ,,jumping ,,rope ,,on ,,the ,,roof ,,playground ,,of ,a ,,public ,,school #aah ,,oyster ,,shell #adc ,,pitch ,,pebble #adg ,,prisoner',s ,,base #aeh ,,rolling ,,target ,,as ,,played ,,by ,,the ,,hidatsa ,,indians1 ,,fort ,,clark1 ,,north ,,dakota #afi ,,snow ,,snake #ahb ,a ,,city ,,playground #bjj ,,flower ,,match #bbj ,,skin ,,the ,,snake #beb ,,draw ,a ,,bucket ,,of ,,water #bfc ,,the ,,duck ,,dance #bgf ,,balls #big ,,captain ,,ball ,,in ,a ,,high ,,school #cdb ,,circle ,,stride ,,ball #ceh ,,drive ,,ball #cge ,,ball ,,game ,,on ,,the ,,roof ,,playground ,,of ,a ,,public ,,school #djj ,,tether ,,ball #dji ,,introduction ,,introduction ,,purpose ,,and ,,plan4--,this book aims to be a practical guide for the player of games1 whether child or adult1 and for the teacher or leader of games4 ,a wide variety of conditions have been considered1 including schools1 playgrounds1 gymnasiums1 boys' and girls' summer camps1 adult house parties and country clubs1 settlement work1 children's parties1 and the environment of indoors or out of doors1 city or country1 summer or winter1 the seashore1 the woodland1 or the snow4 ,the games have been collected from many countries and sources1 with a view to securing novel and interesting as well as thoroughly tried and popular material1 ranging from traditional to modern gymnasium and athletic games4 ,an especial effort has been made to secure games for particular conditions4 ,among these may be mentioned very strenuous games for older boys or men2 games for the schoolroom2 games for large numbers2 new gymnasium games such as ,nine ,court ,basket ,ball and ,double ,corner ,ball2 games which make use of natural material such as stones1 pebbles1 shells1 trees1 flowers1 leaves1 grasses1 holes in the sand or earth1 and diagrams drawn on the ground4 ,the description1 classification1 and arrangement of the games have been made with the steadfast purpose of putting them into the most workable form1 easily understood1 with suggestions for getting the most sport and playing value out of them1 and with means of ready reference to any class of games for use under any of the conditions mentioned4 ,the series of indexes which accomplish this last-mentioned purpose make it possible to classify the games in many different ways1 sparing the reader the necessity for hunting through much unrelated material to find that suited to his conditions4 ,the index for schools is essentially a graded course of study in games4 ,the ball games requiring team play have been described according to an analytic scheme not before used for the class of games given in the present volume1 which makes it possible to locate at a glance information about the laying out of the ground1 the number1 assignment1 and duties of players1 the object of the game1 rules and points of play1 fouls1 and score4 ,the various kinds of balls are described with official specifications4 ,diagrams for all kinds of games have been supplied unsparingly1 wherever it seemed possible to make clearer the understanding of a game by such means1 and pictorial illustration has been used where diagrams were inadequate4 ,the music for all singing games is given with full accompaniment4 ,suggestions for the teaching and conduct of games are given1 with directions for floor formations4 ,means of counting out and choosing sides and players are described1 and one section is devoted to forfeits4 ,under each of the main divisions chosen--miscellaneous active games1 quiet games1 singing games1 bean-bag games1 and ball games--the material has been arranged in alphabetic order to facilitate ready reference1 although a general alphabetic index is appended4 ,in short1 the book aims to bring together all related material and every available device for making it readily accessible and easily understood4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sidenote3 ,original research ,,sources ,,and ,,nature ,,of ,,material4--,the material in this volume1 aside from that accumulated through a long experience in the teaching and supervision of games1 has been collected through 7#a7 special original research1 and 7#b7 bibliographical research4 ,the original research has been made among the foreign population of ,new ,york ,city1 where practically the entire world is accessible1 and in other sections of the ,united ,states4 ,this has resulted in some entirely new games that the writer has not found elsewhere in print4 ,from among these may be mentioned the ,greek ,pebble ,chase1 the ,russian ,hole ,ball1 the ,scotch ,keep ,moving1 the ,danish ,slipper ,slap1 and1 from our own country1 among others1 ,chickadee-dee from ,long ,island1 and ,hip from ,new ,jersey4 ,entirely new ways of playing games previously recorded have been found1 amounting not merely to a variation but to a wholly new form4 ,such is the method here given for playing ,babylon1 a form gathered from two different ,scotch sources4 ,another example is the game of ,wolf1 for which additional features have been found that add greatly to its playing value1 especially the rule whereby the wolf1 when discovered by the sheep who are hunting for him1 shall take a jump toward the sheep before his chase after them begins2 or1 should he discover them first1 the requirement that they take three steps toward him before the chase begins4 ,such points add greatly to the sport of a game1 and with the spoken formulas that accompany them form a rich find for both student and player4 ,one may not well refer to the original research without mention of the charm of the task itself4 ,it has been one of the sunniest1 happiest lines possible to follow1 attended invariably with smiling faces and laughter on the part of old or young1 native or foreign1 the peasant people or those more sophisticated4 ,sidenote3 ,bibliographical research and results ,the bibliographical research has covered a wide field4 ,heretofore the principal sources in ,english for the collector of games have been the invaluable and scholarly folklore compilations of ,mr4 ,william ,wells ,newell 7,songs and ,games of ,american ,children7 and ,mrs4 ,alice ,b4 ,gomme 7,traditional ,games in the ,dictionary of ,british ,folk ,lore74 ,the earlier ,british collection by ,strutt 7,sports and ,pastimes of the ,english ,people7 has also been a source of great value4 ,in the ,united ,states considerable collecting and translating of games have from time to time been done by the physical training magazine1 ,mind and ,body4 ,for all modern athletic games an invaluable service has been rendered by ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding and ,brothers in the publication1 since #ahib1 of the ,spalding ,athletic ,library1 under the direction of ,mr4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding and ,mr4 ,james ,e4 ,sullivan4 ,the author is greatly indebted to all of these sources4 ,in addition1 hundreds of volumes have been consulted in many fields including works of travel1 reports of missionaries1 etc4 ,this has resulted in games from widely scattered sources1 including ,european countries1 the ,orient1 the ,arctic regions1 and the ,north ,american ,indians4 ,while in such a mass of material there are some games that are found in almost all countries1 so that one is continually meeting old friends among them1 a very considerable harvest of distinctive material has been gathered1 eloquent of environment1 temperamental1 or racial traits4 ,such1 among many others1 are the ,japanese ,crab ,race2 the ,chinese games of ,forcing the ,city ,gates1 and ,letting ,out the ,doves2 the ,korean games with flowers and grasses2 the ,north ,american ,indian games of ,snow ,snake and ,rolling ,target2 and the poetic game of the little ,spanish children about the ,moon and ,stars1 played in the boundaries marked by sunshine and shadow4 ,sidenote3 ,standard ,material ,but the object of the book has been by no means to present only novel material4 ,there is an aristocracy of games1 classic by all the rights of tradition and popular approval1 without which a collection would be as incomplete as would an anthology of ,english ballads without ,robin ,hood1 ,sally in our ,alley1 or ,drink to me only with thine ,eyes4 ,these standard games are amply represented1 mingled in the true spirit of ,american democracy with strangers from foreign lands and the new creations of modern athletic practice4 ,sidenote3 ,local color and humor in games ,the games1 old and new1 are full of that intimation of environment which the novelist calls local color1 often containing in the name alone a comprehensive suggestiveness as great as that of an ,homeric epithet4 ,thus our familiar ,cat and ,mouse appears in modern ,greece as ,lamb and ,wolf2 and the ,french version of ,spin the ,platter is ,my ,lady's ,toilet1 concerned with laces1 jewels1 and other ballroom accessories instead of our prosaic numbering of players4 ,these changes that a game takes on in different environments are of the very essence of folklore1 and some amusing examples are to be found in our own country4 ,for instance1 it is not altogether surprising to find a game that is known under another name in the ,north called1 in ,southern ,states1 ,ham-,ham-,chicken-,ham-,bacon6 ,the author found a good example of folklore-in-the-making in the game usually known as ,run1 ,sheep1 ,run6 in which a band of hidden players seek their goal under the guidance of signals shouted by a leader4 ,as gathered in a ,minnesota town1 these signals consisted of colors1--red1 blue1 green1 etc4 ,this same game was found in the city environment of ,new ,york under the name of ,oyster ,sale1 and the signals had become pickles1 tomatoes1 and other articles strongly suggestive of a delicatessen store4 ,the butterfly verse for ,jumping ,rope is obviously another late production of the folklore spirit4 ,the lover of childish humor will find many delightful examples of it among the games1 as where little ,jacky ,lingo feeds bread and butter to the sheep 7,who ,goes ,round ,my ,stone ,wall872 or the ,mother1 trying the ,old ,witch's apple pie1 discovers that ,it tastes exactly like my child ,monday6 ,the tantalizing nominies or dares1 as in ,fox and ,geese1 and ,wolf1 and the ways in which players are trapped into false starts1 as in ,black ,tom1 are also highly amusing4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,principles ,,of ,,selection4--,in the selection of material for this work1 a marked distinction has been made between games1 on the one hand1 and1 on the other1 the unorganized play and constructive activities included in many books of children's games4 ,while the term play includes games1 so that we play games1 it applies also to informal play activities1 such as a child's playing horse1 playing house1 or playing in the sand4 ,in such unorganized play there are no fixed rules1 no formal mode of procedure1 and generally1 no climax to be achieved4 ,the various steps are usually spontaneous1 not predetermined1 and are subject to individual caprice4 ,in games1 on the contrary1 as in ,blind ,man's ,buff1 ,prisoners' ,base1 or ,football1 there are prescribed acts subject to rules1 generally penalties for defeat or the infringement of rules1 and the action proceeds in a regular evolution until it culminates in a given climax1 which usually consists in a victory of skill1 speed or strength4 ,in a strictly scientific sense1 games do not always involve the element of sport or play1 being used in many forms among primitive peoples for serious divinatory purposes4 ,it is perhaps needless to say that all of the games in the present collection are for the purpose of sport and recreation4 ,sidenote3 ,playing values ,the four hundred games here published are selected from a far larger number4 ,no game has been included that has not been considered to have strong playing values1 by which term is meant1 in addition to other qualities1 and above all others1 the amount of sport and interest attending it4 ,the points of play that contribute to the success of a game have been secured from experience1 and unfamiliar games have been thoroughly tested and the points of play noted for older or younger players1 large or small numbers1 or other circumstances4 ,sidenote3 ,elements of games ,games may be analyzed into certain elements susceptible of classification1 such as the elements of formation1 shown in the circle form1 line form1 or opposing groups2 other elements are found in modes of contest1 as between individuals or groups2 tests of strength or skill2 methods of capture1 as with individual touching or wrestling1 or with a missile1 as in ball-tag games2 or the elements of concealment1 or chance1 or guessing1 or many others4 ,these various elements are like the notes of the scale in music1 susceptible of combinations that seem illimitable in variety4 ,thus in the ,greek ,pebble ,chase1 the two elements that enter into the game--that of 7#a7 detecting or guessing who holds a concealed article1 and 7#b7 a chase--are neither of them uncommon elements1 but in this combination make a game that differs in playing value from any familiar game1 and one affording new and genuine interest1 as evidenced by the pleasure of children in playing it4 ,indeed1 the interest and sport were fully as great with a group of adult ,greek men who first demonstrated this game for the author4 ,this element of guessing which player holds a concealed article is found again in a different combination in the ,scotch game of ,smuggling the ,geg1 where it is used with opposing groups and followed by hiding and seeking4 ,this combination makes a wholly different game of it1 and one of equal or even superior playing value to the ,pebble ,chase1 though suited to different conditions4 ,because of this wonderful variety in combinations1 leading to entirely different playing values1 the author has found it impossible to agree with some other students of games1 that it is practicable to select a few games that contain all of the typical elements of interest4 ,such limitation seems no more possible than in painting1 poetry1 music1 or any other field of spontaneous imitative or creative expression4 ,there will doubtless always be some games that will have large popular following1 playing on the psychology of the crowd1 as well as on that of the players4 ,thus we have the spectacle of so-called national games1 ,baseball and ,football in ,america1 ,handball in ,ireland1 ,pelota in ,spain1 and so on2 but natural expression through games has always been and probably always will be infinitely varied1 and should be if the psychology of the subject is to be taken as a guide4 ,in the arrangement of material there has many times been a strong temptation to classify the games by their historic1 geographic1 psychologic1 or educational interests2 by the playing elements contained in them2 or by several other possible methods which are of interest chiefly to the academic student2 but these have each in turn been discarded in favor of the original intention of making the book preminently a useful working manual for the player or leader of games4 ,sidenote3 ,varying modes of play ,the same games are found not only in many different countries and localities1 but under different names and with many variations in the form of playing them4 ,this has necessitated a method of analytical study which has been followed with all of the games4 ,a card catalogue has been made of them1 and in connection with each game notation has been made of the various names under which it has been found1 and details of the differences in the mode or rules of play4 ,the choice of rules or directions has been determined chiefly by the playing values previously alluded to1 those directions having been selected which experience has shown to make the most interesting game4 ,sometimes these differences are so great as to amount to a different game1 or one suited to different ages of players4 ,in a few instances1 as with ,prisoners' ,base1 ,captain ,ball1 ,zigzag ,ball1 etc41 it has seemed best to present several typical forms of the same game with an analytic statement of the differences1 leaving the leader to select the form best adapted to his conditions4 ,at no time1 however1 has there been any attempt to present all games or all forms of any one game4 ,that would be merely to make a compendium of all possible material4 ,a purposeful selection has been made throughout4 ,the choice of names could not well be made on any one principle4 ,wherever feasible1 the name that has seemed to have the widest vogue has been adopted4 ,in other instances it has appeared best to make a different selection to avoid too great similarity in names4 ,some games1 especially those from foreign sources1 came without names and have had to be christened4 ,in the case of several modern adaptations of old games1 a name bestowed by some previous worker has been continued1 if especially descriptive or appropriate4 ,sidenote3 ,games for boys and girls ,no distinction has been made in general between games for boys and girls4 ,the modern tendency of gymnasium and athletic practice is away from such distinctions1 and is concerned more with the time limits or other conditions for playing a game than with the game itself4 ,this is a question that varies so much with the previous training and condition of players on the one hand1 and on personal opinion or prejudice on the other1 that it has been thought best to leave it for decision in each individual case4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,uses ,,of ,,games4--,the use of games for both children and adults has a deep significance for the individual and the community through the conservation of physical1 mental1 and moral vitality4 ,sidenote3 ,sense perceptions ,games have a positive educational influence that no one can appreciate who has not observed their effects4 ,children who are slow1 dull1 and lethargic2 who observe but little of what goes on around them2 who react slowly to external stimuli2 who are1 in short1 slow to see1 to hear1 to observe1 to think1 and to do1 may be completely transformed in these ways by the playing of games4 ,the sense perceptions are quickened3 a player comes to see more quickly that the ball is coming toward him2 that he is in danger of being tagged2 that it is his turn2 he hears the footstep behind him1 or his name or number called2 he feels the touch on the shoulder2 or in innumerable other ways is aroused to quick and direct recognition of and response to1 things that go on around him4 ,the clumsy1 awkward body becomes agile and expert3 the child who tumbles down to-day will not tumble down next week2 he runs more fleetly1 dodges with more agility1 plays more expertly in every way1 showing thereby a neuro-muscular development4 ,sidenote3 ,social development ,the social development through games is fully as important and as pronounced4 ,many children1 whether because of lonely conditions at home1 or through some personal peculiarity1 do not possess the power readily and pleasantly to coperate with others4 ,many of their elders lack this facility also1 and there is scarcely anything that can place one at a greater disadvantage in business or society1 or in any of the relations of life4 ,the author has known case after case of peculiar1 unsocial1 even disliked children1 who have come into a new power of coperation and have become popular with their playmates through the influence of games4 ,the timid1 shrinking child learns to take his turn with others2 the bold1 selfish child learns that he may not monopolize opportunities2 the unappreciated child gains self-respect and the respect of others through some particular skill that makes him a desired partner or a respected opponent4 ,he learns to take defeat without discouragement and to win without undue elation4 ,in these and in many other ways are the dormant powers for social coperation developed1 reaching the highest point at last in the team games where self is subordinated to the interests of the team1 and coperation is the very life of the game4 ,sidenote3 ,will training ,most important of all1 however1 in the training that comes through games1 is the development of will4 ,the volitional aspect of the will and its power of endurance are plainly seen to grow in power of initiative2 in courage to give dares and to take risks2 in determination to capture an opponent1 to make a goal1 or to win the game4 ,but probably the most valuable training of all is that of inhibition--that power for restraint and self-control which is the highest aspect of the will and the latest to develop4 ,the little child entering the primary school has very little of this power of inhibition4 ,to see a thing he would like is to try to get it2 to want to do a thing is to do it2 he acts impulsively2 he does not possess the power to restrain movement and to deliberate4 ,a large part of the difficulty of the training of children at home and at school lies in the fact that this power of the will for restraint and self-control is undeveloped4 ,so-called willfulness is a will in which the volitional power has not yet been balanced with this inhibitive power4 ,one realizes in this way the force of ,matthew ,arnold's definition of character as a completely fashioned will4 ,there is no agency that can so effectively and naturally develop power of inhibition as games4 ,in those of very little children there are very few1 if any1 restrictions2 but as players grow older1 more and more rules and regulations appear1 requiring greater and greater self-control--such as not playing out of one's turn2 not starting over the line in a race until the proper signal2 aiming deliberately with the ball instead of throwing wildly or at haphazard2 until again1 at the adolescent age1 the highly organized team games and contests are reached1 with their prescribed modes of play and elaborate restrictions and fouls4 ,there could not be in the experience of either boy or girl a more live opportunity than in these advanced games for acquiring the power of inhibitory control1 or a more real experience in which to exercise it4 ,to be able1 in the emotional excitement of an intense game or a close contest1 to observe rules and regulations2 to choose under such circumstances between fair or unfair means and to act on the choice1 is to have more than a mere knowledge of right and wrong4 ,it is to have the trained power and habit of acting on such knowledge1--a power and habit that mean immeasurably for character4 ,it is for the need of such balanced power that contests in the business world reach the point of winning at any cost1 by fair means or foul4 ,it is for the need of such trained and balanced power of will that our highways of finance are strewn with the wrecks of able men4 ,if the love of fair play1 a sense of true moral values1 and above all1 the power and habit of will to act on these can be developed in our boys and girls1 it will mean immeasurably for the uplift of the community4 ,sidenote3 ,evolution of play interests ,the natural interests of a normal child lead him to care for different types of games at different periods of his development4 ,in other words1 his own powers1 in their natural evolution1 seek instinctively the elements in play that will contribute to their own growth4 ,when games are studied from this viewpoint of the child's interests1 they are found to fall into groups having pronounced characteristics at different age periods4 ,sidenote3 ,games for various ages ,thus1 the little child of six years enjoys particularly games in which there is much repetition1 as in most of the singing games2 games involving impersonation1 appealing to his imagination and dramatic sense1 as where he becomes a mouse1 a fox1 a sheepfold1 a farmer1 etc42 or games of simple chase 7one chaser for one runner7 as distinguished from the group-chasing of a few years later4 ,his games are of short duration1 reaching their climax quickly and making but slight demand on powers of attention and physical endurance2 they require but little skill and have very few1 if any1 rules1 besides the mere question of taking turns4 ,in short1 they are the games suited to undeveloped powers in almost every particular but that of imagination4 ,two or three years later these games are apt to seem babyish to a child and to lose interest for him4 ,his games then work through a longer evolution before reaching their climax1 as where an entire group of players instead of one has to be caught before the game is won1 as in ,red ,lion1 ,pom ,pom ,pullaway1 etc4 ,he can watch more points of interest at once than formerly1 and choose between several different possible modes of play1 as in ,prisoners' ,base4 ,he gives dares1 runs risks of being caught1 and exercises his courage in many ways4 ,he uses individual initiative instead of merely playing in his turn4 ,this is the age of nominies1 in which the individual player hurls defiance at his opponents with set formulas1 usually in rhyme4 ,players at this time band together in many of their games in opposing groups1 choosing sides--the first simple beginning of team play4 ,neuro-muscular skill increases1 as shown in ball play and in agile dodging4 ,endurance for running is greater4 ,when a child is about eleven or twelve years of age1 some of these characteristics decline and others equally pronounced take their place4 ,nominies disappear and games of simple chase 7tag games7 decline in interest4 ,races and other competitive forms of running become more strenuous1 indicating a laudable instinct to increase thereby the muscular power of the heart1 at a time when its growth is much greater proportionately than that of the arteries1 and the blood pressure is consequently greater4 ,a very marked feature from now on is the closer organization of groups into what is called team play4 ,team play bears to the simpler group play which precedes it an analogous relation in some respects to that between modern and primitive warfare4 ,in primitive warfare the action of the participants was homogeneous2 that is1 each combatant performed the same kind of service as did every other combatant and largely on individual initiative4 ,the clash of battle and the clang of arms meant an individual contest for every man engaged4 ,in contrast to this there is1 in modern warfare1 a distribution of functions1 some combatants performing one kind of duty and others another1 all working together to the common end4 ,in the higher team organizations of ,basket ,ball1 ,baseball1 ,football1 there is such a distribution of functions1 some players being forwards1 some throwers1 some guards1 etc41 though these parts are often taken in rotation by the different players4 ,the strongest characteristic of team play is the coperation whereby1 for instance1 a ball is passed to the best thrower1 or the player having the most advantageous position for making a goal4 ,a player who would gain glory for himself by making a sensational play at the risk of losing for his team does not possess the team spirit4 ,the traits of character required and cultivated by good team work are invaluable in business and social life4 ,they are among the best possible traits of character4 ,this class of games makes maximal demands upon perceptive powers and ability to react quickly and accurately upon rapidly shifting conditions1 requiring quick reasoning and judgment4 ,organization play of this sort begins to acquire a decided interest at about eleven or twelve years of age1 reaches a strong development in the high schools1 and continues through college and adult life4 ,sidenote3 ,relation between development and play ,such are the main characteristics of the games which interest a child and aid his development at different periods4 ,they are all based upon a natural evolution of physical and psychological powers that can be only hinted at in so brief a sketch4 ,any one charged with the education or training of a child should know the results of modern study in these particulars4 ,the fullest and most practical correlation of our knowledge of the child's evolution to the particular subject of play that has yet been presented is that of ,mr4 ,george ,e4 ,johnson1 ,superintendent of ,playgrounds in ,pittsburgh1 and formerly ,superintendent of ,schools in ,andover1 ,mass41 in ,education by ,plays and ,games4 ,the wonderful studies in the psychology of play by ,karl ,groos 7,the ,play of ,animals and ,the ,play of ,man71 and the chapter by ,professor ,william ,james on ,instinct1 show how play activities are expressions of great basic instincts that are among the strongest threads in the warp and woof of character--instincts that should have opportunity to grow and strengthen by exercise1 as in play and games4 ,we have come to realize that play1 in games and other forms1 is nature's own way of developing and training power4 ,as ,groos impressively says1 ,we do not play because we are young2 we have a period of youth so that we may play4 ,the entire psychology of play bears directly on the subject of games4 ,indeed1 although the study of games in their various aspects is of comparatively recent date1 the bibliography bearing on the subject1 historic1 scientific1 psychologic1 and educational1 is enormous and demands a distinct scholarship of its own4 ,sidenote3 ,age classification ,it is highly desirable that a teacher should know the significance of certain manifestations in a child's play interests4 ,if they should not appear in due time1 they should be encouraged1 just as attention is given to the hygiene of a child who is under weight for his age4 ,but it should not be inferred that any hard and fast age limits may be set for the use of different plays and games4 ,to assign such limits would be a wholly artificial procedure1 and yet is one toward which there is sometimes too strong a tendency4 ,a certain game cannot be prescribed for a certain age as one would diagnose and prescribe for a malady4 ,nothing in the life of either child or adult is more elastic than his play interests4 ,play would not be play were this otherwise4 ,the caprice of mood and circumstance is of the very soul of play in any of its forms4 ,the experience of the writer has been chiefly away from dogmatic limitations in the use of games4 ,very young players and adults alike may find the greatest pleasure and interest in the same game4 ,previous training or experience1 conditions of fatigue1 the circumstances of the moment1 and many other considerations determine the suitableness of games4 ,to illustrate1 the author has known the game of ,three ,deep1 which is one of the best gymnasium games for men1 to be played with great interest and ability by a class of six-year-old boys2 and the same game stupidly and uninterestedly bungled over by a class of much older boys who had not had previous training in games and were not alert and resourceful4 ,similarly1 the comparatively simple game of ,bombardment may be interesting and refreshing for a class of tired business men1 while high-school pupils coming to care largely for team play may prefer ,battle ,ball1 a more closely organized game of the same type4 ,in general1 boys and girls dislike the mode of play they have just outgrown1 but the adult often comes again to find the greatest pleasure in the simpler forms1 and this without reaching second childhood4 ,sidenote3 ,graded course of study on games ,the index of games for elementary and high schools contained in this volume constitutes a graded course based on experimental study of children's interests4 ,this grading of the games for schools is made1 not with the slightest belief or intention that the use of a game should be confined to any particular grade or age of pupils1 but largely1 among other considerations1 because it has been found advantageous in a school course to have new material in reserve as pupils progress4 ,the games have usually been listed for the earliest grade in which they have been found1 on the average1 of sufficient interest to be well played1 with the intention that they be used thereafter in any grade where they prove interesting4 ,this school index by grades1 which includes most of the games1 will be found a general guide for the age at which a given game is suitable under any circumstances4 ,sidenote3 ,relation of games to school life ,the relation of games to a school programme is many-sided4 ,to sit for a day in a class room observing indications of physical and mental strain and fatigue is to be convinced beyond question that the schoolroom work and conditions induce a tremendous nervous strain1 not only through prolonged concentration on academic subjects1 but through the abnormal repression of movement and social intercourse that becomes necessary for the maintenance of discipline and proper conditions of study4 ,as a session advances1 there is needed a steady increase in the admonitions that restrain neuro-muscular activity as shown in the unnecessary handling of books and pencils and general restlessness2 also restraint of a desire to use the voice and communicate in a natural outlet of the social instinct4 ,one is equally impressed with the prolonged continuance of bad postures1 in which the chest is narrowed and depressed1 the back and shoulders rounded forward1 and the lungs1 heart1 and digestive organs crowded upon one another in a way that impedes their proper functioning and induces passive congestion4 ,in short1 the nervous strain for both pupil and teacher1 the need for vigorous stimulation of respiration and circulation1 for an outlet for the repressed social and emotional nature1 for the correction of posture1 and for a change from abstract academic interests1 are all largely indicated4 ,nothing can correct the posture but formal gymnastic work selected and taught for that purpose2 but the other conditions may be largely and quickly relieved through the use of games4 ,even five minutes in the class room will do this1--five minutes of lively competition1 of laughter1 and of absorbing involuntary interest4 ,the more physical activity there is in this the better1 and fifteen minutes of even freer activity in the fresh air of the playground is more than fifteen times better4 ,the typical school recess is a sad apology for such complete refreshment of body and mind4 ,a few pupils take the center of the field of play1 while the large majority1 most of whom are in greater need of the exercise1 stand or walk slowly around the edges1 talking over the teacher and the lesson4 ,an organized recess1 by which is meant a programme whereby only enough classes go to the playground at one time to give opportunity for all of the pupils to run and play at once1 does away with these objections1 if some little guidance or leadership be given the children for lively games4 ,the best discipline the writer has ever seen1 in either class room or playground1 has been where games are used1 the privilege of play being the strongest possible incentive to instant obedience before and after4 ,besides1 with such a natural outlet for repressed instincts1 their ebullition at the wrong time is not so apt to occur4 ,many principals object to recesses because of the moral contamination for which those periods are often responsible4 ,the author has had repeated and convincing testimony of the efficacy of games to do away with this objection4 ,the game becomes the one absorbing interest of recess1 and everything else gives way before it4 ,dr4 ,kratz1 ,superintendent of ,schools in ,sioux ,city1 ,iowa1 was one of the first school superintendents in the country to go on record for this benefit from games1 and much fuller experience has accumulated since4 ,sidenote3 ,sociological and economic significance of games ,the growth of large cities has been so comparatively recent that we are only beginning to realize the limitations they put upon normal life in many ways and the need for special effort to counterbalance these limitations4 ,the lack of opportunity for natural play for children and young people is one of the saddest and most harmful in its effects upon growth of body and character4 ,the number of children who have only the crowded city streets to play in is enormous1 and any one visiting the public schools in the early fall days may readily detect by the white faces those who have had no other opportunity to benefit by the summer's fresh air and sunshine4 ,the movement to provide public playgrounds for children and more park space for all classes in our cities is one connected vitally with the health1 strength1 and endurance of the population4 ,the crusade against tuberculosis has no stronger ally4 ,indeed1 vital resistance to disease in any form must be increased by such opportunities for fresh air1 sunshine1 and exercise4 ,this whole question of the building up of a strong physique is an economic one1 bearing directly on the industrial power of the individual1 and upon community expenditures for hospitals and other institutions for the care of the dependent and disabled classes4 ,the crippling of moral power is found to be fully as much involved with these conditions as is the weakening of physical power4 ,police departments have repeatedly reported that the opening of playgrounds has resulted in decrease of the number of arrests and cases of juvenile crime in their vicinity2 also decrease of adult disturbances resulting from misdeeds of the children4 ,they afford a natural and normal outlet for energies that otherwise go astray in destruction of property1 altercations1 and depredations of many sorts1 so that the cost of a playground is largely offset by the decreased cost for detection and prosecution of crime1 reformatories1 and related agencies4 ,sidenote3 ,children of the rich ,it would be a mistake to think that the children of the poor are the only ones who need the physical and moral benefit of normal childish play4 ,one is forced to the conclusion that many children of the rich are even more to be pitied1 for the shackles of conventionality enslave them from the outset4 ,many are blas with opera and picture exhibits--typical forms of pleasure for the adult of advanced culture--without ever having had the free laughter and frolic of childhood4 ,that part of the growing-up process most essential for character is literally expunged from life for them4 ,one need spend but an hour in a city park to see that many children are restrained from the slightest running or frolic because it would soil their clothes or be otherwise undesirable4 ,the author recalls a private school for girls in which laughter was checked at recess because it was unlady-like4 ,sidenote3 ,teachers of games ,in contrast to this barbarous repression are some delightful instances of provision for normal childish play and exercise for such children4 ,in one of our large ,eastern cities a teacher was employed for several seasons to play games with a group of children on a suburban lawn to which all repaired twice a week4 ,this was genuine play1 full of exercise and sport and laughter4 ,in another ,eastern city a teacher was similarly employed for many seasons to coach a ,basket ,ball team in the small rear area of the typical city residence4 ,teachers of physical training and others are doing much to organize this sort of exercise1 including tramping clubs and teams for cross-country runs1 and the encouragement of ,tether ,ball and other games suited to limited conditions4 ,sidenote3 ,investment-value of recreation ,as a nation we are slow to learn the value of recreation4 ,we go to the extremes of using it either not at all or so excessively as to exhaust nervous energy to the point where the day we most need a holiday is the day after a holiday4 ,this may be different when we learn more fully that the recuperative power of short intervals of complete relaxation has a genuine investment value4 ,the increased output of energy afterward1 the happier spirits1 prolonged endurance1 clearer thinking1 and the greater ease and pleasure with which work is done1 more than compensate for the time required4 ,it has been stated that one large manufacturing concern has found it greatly to its advantage to give a daily recess period to its employees at its own expense1 the loss of working time being compensated in the quality of the output following1 which shows1 for instance1 in the fewer mistakes that have to be rectified4 ,the welfare work of our large stores and factories should provide opportunity1 facilities1 and leadership for recreative periods of this character4 ,sidenote3 ,brain workers ,for the brain worker such benefit from periods of relaxation is even more apparent4 ,our strenuous and complicated civilization makes more and more necessary the fostering of means for complete change of thought4 ,when this can be coupled with invigorating physical exercise1 as in active games1 it is doubly beneficial2 but whether games be active or quiet1 the type of recreation found in them for both child and adult is of especial value4 ,it affords an emotional stimulus and outlet1 an opportunity for social coperation1 an involuntary absorption of attention1 and generally an occasion for hearty laughter1 that few other forms of recreation supply4 ,the list in this volume of games for house parties and country clubs is given with the hope of making games more available for adults1 though with the knowledge that guests on such occasions take in a wide range of ages1 and many games for young people are included4 ,these are equally appropriate for the home circle4 ,in addition1 the so-called gymnasium games offer some of the finest recreative exercise4 ,sidenote3 ,play of adults with children ,the author would like to make a special plea for the playing together of adults and children4 ,the pleasure to the child on such occasions is small compared to the pleasure and benefit that may be derived by the grown-up4 ,to hold1 in this way1 to that youth of spirit which appreciates and enters into the clear-eyed sport and frolic of the child1 is to have a means of renewal for the physical1 mental1 and moral nature4 ,in a large city in the ,middle ,west there is a club formed for the express purpose of giving the parents who are members an opportunity to enjoy their children in this way4 ,the club meets one evening a week4 ,it is composed of a few professional and business men and their wives and children4 ,it meets at the various homes1 the hostess being responsible for the programme1 which consists of musical or other numbers 7rendered partly by the children and partly by the adults71 of occasional dancing1 and of games1 some of which must always call for the mutual participation of the children and their elders4 ,a more beautiful idea for a club could scarcely be devised4 ,it is also a tragic fact that1 lacking such an occasion1 many parents have little opportunity to enjoy their children1 or1 alas6 even to know them4 ,sidenote3 ,games in country life ,another illustration may indicate even more strongly the benefits from such social gatherings of adults and children4 ,in a small town where the young boys and girls spent more evenings than seemed wise in places of public amusement1 a teacher of physical training not long ago opened a class for them expressly to meet this situation4 ,the programme included games1 dancing1 and formal exercise1 and a special effort was made to teach things of this sort that might be used for gatherings at home4 ,the class fulfilled its object so well that the parents themselves became interested1 began to attend the sessions and participate in the games1 until they were an integral part of all that went on1--a wholesome and delightful association for all concerned1 and one that practically ended the tendencies it was designed to overcome4 ,mr4 ,myron ,t4 ,scudder1 in his practical and stimulating pamphlet on games for country children 7,country ,play2 ,a ,field ,day and ,play ,picnic for ,country ,children4 ,pub4 by ,charities1 ,n4,y471 points out a very real factor in the failure of ,american country life to hold its young people when he cites the lack of stimulation1 organization1 and guidance for the play activities of the young4 ,it is a mistaken idea that country children and youths have through the spaciousness of environment alone all that they need of play4 ,organization and guidance are often needed more than for the city children whose instincts for social combination are more acute4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,origins4--,one may not close even a brief sketch of games and their uses without reference to the topic of origins4 ,this has been studied chiefly from two different viewpoints1 that of ethnology1 in which the work of ,mr4 ,stewart ,culin is preminent1 and that of folklore1 in which in ,english ,mrs4 ,gomme and ,mr4 ,newell have done the most extensive work4 ,both of these modes of study lead to the conclusion that the great mass of games originated in the childhood of the race as serious religious or divinitory rites4 ,indeed1 many are so used among primitive peoples to-day4 ,very few games are of modern invention1 though the development of many to the high point of organization and skill in which we know them is very recent4 ,basket ,ball was a deliberate invention1 by ,dr4 ,james ,naismith1 then of ,springfield1 ,mass41 in #ahib2 ,base ,ball and ,tennis1 as we know them1 were developed during the last half century from earlier and simpler forms2 ,indoor ,base ,ball was devised by ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,hancock1 of ,chicago1 in #ahhg2 ,battle ,ball and ,curtain ,ball1 both popular gymnasium games1 were devised by ,dr4 ,dudley ,allen ,sargent1 of ,harvard ,university4 ,in ethnology the study of the origin and distribution of games furnishes1 says ,mr4 ,culin1 the most perfect existing evidence of the underlying foundation of mythic concepts upon which so much of the fabric of our culture is built4 ,the most scientific work on the entire subject of games lies in this direction4 ,as revealed by board and other implement games the element of sport does not originally inhere in a game1 the procedure being a rite of magic or religion1 pursued mainly as a means of divination4 ,in ,mr4 ,culin's opinion1 the plays of children must be regarded apart from games1 being dramatic and imitative1 although copying games as they the children copy other affairs of life1 and thus often preserving remains of ceremonials of remote antiquity4 ,from the folklore viewpoint ,mrs4 ,gomme and ,mr4 ,newell have brought to bear on games a wealth of knowledge of old customs and beliefs1 discerning thereby a significance that might otherwise pass unnoticed and unappreciated4 ,thus we have the recognition of old well-worship rites in the little singing game ,draw a ,bucket of ,water2 of ancient house ritual in some of the dramatic games2 in others the propitiation of deities that preside over the fertility of the fields2 survivals of border warfare2 of old courtship and marriage observances1 and many other rites and customs4 ,sometimes this recognition is merely one of analogy or association1 leading to a surmise of the origin of a game2 sometimes it is supported by old records and drawings or references found in early literature4 ,while often not so exact as the strictly scientific method1 this folklore study throws a flood of light on the heritage of games that passes from child to child1 giving to the subject added dignity and worth4 ,one comes to appreciate that the childhood bereft of this heritage has lost a pleasure that is its natural right1 as it would if brought up in ignorance of ,jack the ,giant ,killer1 ,beauty and the ,beast1 or ,robinson ,crusoe4 ,the class of games studied by the folklorists mentioned includes mainly those of active and dramatic character as distinguished from the board and implement games4 ,mrs4 ,gomme sees in their form1 method of playing1 the dialogue often included1 and the fact of their continuance from generation to generation1 an expression of the dramatic instinct1 and considers them a valuable adjunct in the study of the beginnings of the drama4 ,the student of games must find of great interest ,mrs4 ,gomme's classification by formation1 the line form being considered to represent1 or to have grown out of1 a contest between people from different countries or localities2 the circle formation a representation of customs prevailing in one village1 town1 or tribe1 and so on1 with the arch form or tug of war1 the winding-up games 7as in ,snail71 etc4 ,viewed in this light of their origin1 games are especially fascinating4 ,they take one back to the atmosphere that pervades romance3 to quaint chronicles of kings and courtiers setting forth in brilliant train for some game that is the heritage of the child of to-day2 to ladies-in-waiting on the ,queen playing ,babylon2 to shepherds congregating on the moors1 or early village communities dividing1 over some forerunner of our college ,football2 to village lads and lasses dodging through the cornstalks with ,barley ,break1 or milkmaids playing ,stool ,ball with their stools4 ,for while it is rightly said that the serious occupations of adults at one period become the games of children at another1 the statement omits an intermediate fact that strongly impresses the student of games3 namely1 that these activities1 which at first were serious rites have been used for sport by adults themselves before being handed down to children2 as though the grown folk should masquerade for a time in their outworn garments before passing them on to following generations4 ,considering the varied interests that find expression in these games1 one is further impressed with the fact that humanity passes thus in review its entire range of experience1 transmuting into material for sport the circumstances of love and hatred1 sorrow and rejoicing1 fear and veneration4 ,nothing is too exalted or humble1 too solemn or fearsome1 to be the subject of these frolic events4 ,nature in all her panoply is here in dramatized form or reference--earth1 stone1 fire1 and water2 verdure and the kingdom of living things from beast to man2 the seasons and the planets4 ,industry1 love and war1 fiends and deities1 death itself and the hereafter1 all pass in review1 for one who sees the hidden significance1 like a panorama of existence1 as they passed1 a plaything and a jest1 before the gods of ,olympus4 ,it would seem as though humanity1 viewing in long perspective its own experiences1 had found them all at last fit subjects to ,beget the smiles that have no cruelty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,one dares to hope that this little craft1 bearing as it does such a freight of gladness1 may leave behind a wake of cheer1 and laughter1 and happiness4 ,,jessie ,h4 ,,bancroft4 ,,march1 #aiji4 ,,acknowledgments ,detailed acknowledgment is made throughout the volume to various authors and publishers4 ,a general assurance of most grateful appreciation is here tendered to many who have responded with material and suggestions in the research1 and to the numerous teachers whose resourcefulness has led to the adaptation of many games to school conditions4 ,the author regrets the impracticability of mentioning all of these by name4 ,especial acknowledgment is due ,mrs4 ,marie ,talbot ,constant for most valuable and varied assistance1 particularly in bibliographical research and cataloguing of games2 and to ,miss ,lilian ,m4 ,mc,conville for testing and adapting many foreign games collected for the present volume4 ,,to ,,the ,,teacher ,,of ,,games ,the following suggestions are made with a view to the use of games under any circumstances1 though many of them apply especially to large numbers of players under the guidance of a teacher or leader1 as in playgrounds and schools4 ,the leader or teacher of a playground should approach his or her work largely in the spirit of the host or hostess whose duty it is to see that each individual guest is happy and has opportunity to share all of the pleasures of the occasion4 ,but much more than this is involved in the relation of teacher and pupil4 ,the teacher of games1 or leader of children's play1 needs1 like all teachers1 to have a sympathetic personal understanding of the players2 a quick insight into character and motive2 a knowledge of what to look for in the child's development at different periods1 as indicated in the ,introduction2 and to be1 in short1 guide1 philosopher1 and friend4 ,the teacher should never hesitate1 from questions of personal dignity1 to participate in the play of children4 ,nothing can more quickly gain the respect and affection of a child than such participation4 ,every adult can doubtless recall the extreme pleasure experienced in childhood when some grown person entered into the childish play4 ,in schools1 where there is necessarily so much of formal discipline and dealing with large numbers en masse1 one of the most valuable effects of games is to produce a more natural and sympathetic relationship between teacher and pupil1 and a fuller appreciation on the part of the teacher of child nature4 ,this effect from the use of games has been noted by scores of teachers1 even those who were at first opposed to such use4 ,every teacher will have his or her individual methods for teaching1 discipline1 and management of games4 ,the following general suggestions1 however1 are the result of experience1 and may be of assistance to the novice1 at least4 ,sidenote3 ,how to teach a game ,the best method of teaching a game is to make a full explanation of it before the pupils take their places to play4 ,if this be in a schoolroom1 illustrative diagrams may often be drawn on the blackboard1 and it is sometimes helpful1 there or elsewhere1 to have a few pupils go slowly 7not running7 through the general form of the game1 to illustrate it to the others4 ,in a playground the same method may be used by having the players sit1 if that be feasible1 or by halting them in a march or after gymnastic exercises1 to listen to the explanation4 ,never try to teach and play a game at the same time4 ,the only exception to this rule should be where there is a large and disorderly crowd with which to deal4 ,then it may occasionally be best to start a game to gain interest and attention1 and then halt for further explanation4 ,sidenote3 ,class and group games ,it often becomes necessary for the sake of discipline and unity to unite all of the players in a playground in one game4 ,comparatively few games1 however1 are successful when played by very large numbers4 ,a special index has been prepared of such games1 however1 and will be found at the end of the present volume4 ,classes may often be brought into order and attention in a playground by the simple device of marching1 the march to end in one game for all of the players1 or several games in groups4 ,an indication that too many players are taking part in a game is almost invariably to be found in a lack of interest on the part of the players1 arising usually from the infrequency with which each player gets an opportunity to participate4 ,the ultimate test of any game1 however1 from the recreative standpoint must be one of interest1 and this is often found among players who are not participating in the action if competition be close4 ,a teacher should watch closely for waning interest1 and may often save the situation by dividing the players into two or more groups4 ,many games that are commonly listed for as many as sixty players are given in the present index as useful for thirty or more4 ,by this is meant that the best playing values of the game are lost when played by more than thirty1 although it is possible to use the game with a larger number4 ,very frequently even these games are far better played by smaller groups4 ,a resourceful teacher will find many ways of adapting games to large numbers4 ,among such devices may be mentioned 7#a7 increasing the number of runners and chasers2 for instance1 in the game of ,cat and ,rat1 there may be several cats and several rats2 7#b7 in the circle games of simple character1 especially the singing games1 the circle may be duplicated1 thus having two concentric circles1 one within the other2 7#c7 in many ball games it will be found possible to put more than one ball in play1 as in ,bombardment or ,circle ,club ,bowls4 ,such suggestions as this are often made in the present volume in connection with the description of the games4 ,group play1 by which is meant the division of a large number of players into smaller squads or groups1 is undoubtedly the best method for getting the best sport and the greatest playing values out of most games4 ,such a division of players is not always an easy matter to inaugurate1 untrained players being inclined to follow the teacher from point to point in the playground4 ,this may be obviated by appointing group leaders1 each of whom should understand the game to be played and be appointed to take charge of it4 ,older children1 and almost invariably the children who are disorderly or inclined to disturb the general harmony and discipline of the playground1 are the best ones to charge with such responsibility4 ,this method serves the double purpose of quelling their disorderly propensities by occupying them in a position of responsibility1 and takes care of a group of players at the same time4 ,when the group method is used in schools1 it is advisable to appoint the leaders of the groups1 or allow the children to elect them1 before leaving the class room for the playground4 ,sidenote3 ,choice of games ,the choice of games to be played should be left to a vote or suggestion of the players4 ,the teacher's function in this regard is to suggest1 not to dictate4 ,in schools this choice may generally best be made in the class room1 before a class goes to the playground4 ,a teacher should be ready with suggestions for new games or occupation of some sort when interest wanes in a game that is being played2 but a new game should not be suggested until there is evidence that players are tired of the old one4 ,do not make the mistake of thinking that children want to play games incessantly during a half-day session of a playground4 ,children like quiet pursuits occasionally as well as do adults1 and it is well to alternate games with such quiet periods and also with marching1 gymnastics1 folk dancing1 or periods of free activity4 ,so-called quiet games will be found useful under such circumstances4 ,sidenote3 ,discipline ,each playground leader or teacher should be provided with a whistle4 ,this saves a great deal of strain on the voice1 and should be understood from the outset to command instant quiet1 all play to be suspended when it is heard4 ,the most joyous play goes always with the best discipline4 ,both children and adult players like strength and decision in a teacher or leader4 ,indeed1 they instinctively place themselves under the leadership of the decided and dominant characters among themselves4 ,it has been the experience of the author that discipline in schools is greatly helped by the playing of games1 partly because the privilege of play or its loss is one of the strongest incentives to order at other times1 but also because of the happy outlet afforded for normal tendencies and the disciplinary training of the games themselves4 ,sidenote3 ,playing values ,get the playing values out of games4 ,by this is meant1 see that every child gets as much opportunity as possible for participation in the actual physical exercise of the game and in all the phases of play that make him a successful1 alert1 resourceful player4 ,the result of this and the test of it will be the amount of interest and sport in the games4 ,do not make the games too serious4 ,get laughter and frolic out of them4 ,encourage timid pupils to give dares and to take risks4 ,no class of players needs more sympathetic or tactful understanding and help from a teacher than the timid4 ,such children often suffer greatly through their shyness4 ,they should first be brought into play in some form of game that does not make them conspicuous2 one1 for instance1 in which they do what all the other players do1 or merely take turns4 ,such children should be encouraged by praise of their successful efforts1 and especial care should be taken not to call attention to their failures4 ,see that the selfish or most capable children do not have the lion's share of the play2 the opportunities should be equally distributed4 ,it is often necessary for a teacher to distinguish between self-assertiveness1 which is a natural phase of the development of the sense of individuality1 or selfishness and bullying1 which are exaggerated forms of the same tendency4 ,both may need repression and guidance1 but only the latter are reprehensible4 ,encourage each pupil to be alert to see when it is his turn and to be quick in play4 ,every game should be a sense-training game1 developing power for quick perception of external stimuli and quick and expert reaction to such stimuli4 ,in chasing games1 encourage interesting chases1 the runner to take unexpected turns and dodges1 making capture difficult4 ,the shortest distance between two points for a chase often makes a dull game1 devoid of sport4 ,young players will need to be helped to use reason and judgment in games1 as to when to run risks of capture1 how to attack the opponent's weakest point1 etc4 ,do not treat children as though they were made of glass and fear to see them tumble down4 ,every child1 boy or girl1 ought to be able to bear a few falls1 knocks1 and bruises4 ,this is nature's way of training a child to be more observant or agile4 ,besides1 physical hardihood is one of the best possible results from the playing of games4 ,do not coddle a child who has received an injury4 ,cultivate a stoic spirit4 ,if it be a slight injury1 have the child go on with his play and he will soon forget it4 ,if it require treatment of any sort1 take the player at once away from the playground or vicinity of the other players and apply first-aid remedies until medical assistance can be obtained4 ,sidenote3 ,team play ,team play is one of the highest forms of play4 ,the teacher should look for the beginning of the tendency toward it as shown in a fondness for the play of opposing groups1 manifest from ten to twelve years of age4 ,this tendency should be encouraged and developed into more closely organized types of team games4 ,the greatest value of team play lies in the coperation of the players1 all working together for a common end1 a player's thought and effort being to do what is best for his team rather than to use his skill for individual glory4 ,sidenote3 ,enforcement of rules ,the number and difficulty of rules and regulations governing a game go through a steady increase as children grow older4 ,the games for very little children have practically no rules except the following of turns in rotation4 ,later come such games as those in which a player's turn comes only on a given signal1 and it is a foul to start before this signal1 as in relay races4 ,many other types of rules appear as the games progress4 ,these reach their culmination in ball games where1 amid the excitement of a game1 a player must exercise heedfulness and restraint in the method of playing upon a ball1 the range of movement allowed from a given base1 and many other points4 ,a teacher should understand clearly that the inhibitive power of the will necessary for the observation of rules is a slow and late development1 and that its training by means of rules is one of the most important educational features in the use of games4 7,see ,introduction47 ,players should therefore not be expected to take part in a game that is much beyond their power in this regard4 ,a teacher should not announce a rule unless sure that it is reasonable to expect the players to observe it4 ,having announced a rule1 however1 enforce it to the full extent4 ,to condone the infringement of a rule is equivalent to a lie in its injury to the moral nature of a player4 ,it is a weak-willed teacher who does not enforce rules4 ,players will respect far more a strict disciplinarian than a weak one4 ,every player who infringes a rule should suffer the full penalty therefor4 ,only by such means can there be trained the strength of will to avoid such infringement in the future1 for it should be repeated that such infringements are not always the result of intentional cheating4 ,they indicate very often an undeveloped power of will1 and the teacher should be able to discriminate between the sneaking cowardice that would win unfairly and mere lack of power4 ,both causes1 however1 should lead to the same result of suffering the full penalty for any infringement of rules4 ,sidenote3 ,honor ,teach players to play to win--with all their might4 ,but with this cultivate a sense of honor4 ,have them realize that any victory not earned strictly by their own merits or those of their team is a disgrace rather than a cause for congratulation4 ,no better opportunity can ever be found for inculcating the knowledge that to be trusted is far greater than to be praised4 ,a player should scorn rewards not based on merit1 and should be led to feel that a defeat resulting from an honest trial of strength is an honorable defeat2 that the real issue is as much concerned with the amount of effort put forth as with the comparative results of it measured with some other player4 ,a defeated player should be led to recognize and do honor to the prowess of his adversary1 and so to congratulate him honestly4 ,a sense of superior power should never degenerate into gloating over a defeated adversary or into contempt for his weaker ability4 ,many thrilling examples of honest mutual admiration between victor and vanquished may be gleaned from the history of warfare1 as when ,grant handed back the sword of surrender to ,lee4 ,in athletic games players should learn that to question or dispute the decision of judges or other officials presiding over games is thoroughly unsportsmanlike and a species of dishonor4 ,having once placed themselves under officials1 decisions must be accepted without cavil at the time4 ,the natural desire to learn how a decision was reached in an athletic event must be held in check until the judges have opportunity to announce fouls or other features of scoring that determine the result4 ,it should always be borne in mind1 by both players and coaches1 that the officials1 who are each concentrating on some one feature of the play1 know what happens far more accurately than the general observer4 ,it is also thoroughly unsportsmanlike1 and counts as a foul1 disqualifying a player1 if he receive directions or coaching of any sort from an instructor during a game4 ,,floor ,,formation4--,the terms formation and floor formation are commonly used to designate the placing of players in the playground and gymnasium in the lines1 circles1 groups1 or opposing sides1 necessary for the starting of a game4 ,to accomplish this disposition of the players quickly and without confusion requires a clear knowledge of methods on the part of the teacher4 ,some methods are here offered1 but before giving them in detail a word should be said of the differing psychological effects of the various formations4 ,the circle or ring formation has a pronounced tendency toward a spirit of unity among players4 ,each player may see and become somewhat acquainted with all other players in a group1 in a way not practicable in any other formation4 ,any one who has met strangers at a dinner party or committee meeting gathered at a round table will comprehend the significance of this4 ,in the kindergarten1 this principle is used largely1 each day's exercises opening with the pupils in a circle4 ,a game in circle formation is therefore often one of the best means of making acquainted players who are strangers to each other1 and of giving a sense of united interest to a heterogeneous group4 ,the sense of being united in a common interest1 or esprit de corps1 may be gained to some extent in some general forms of playground activities such as marching4 ,as children grow into the tendency to enjoy group or team play1 the competitive spirit becomes very strong1 and games in which the players work in competitive teams1 as in relay races1 or in opposing sides1 as in ,bombardment1 may serve the purpose of continuous mutual interest4 ,as a rule the competitive spirit is strong in games in the line and group formations1 and1 indeed1 is usually the basis of such formations4 ,for all formations pupils should be trained to move quickly4 ,formations made from marching order may often be done on the double-quick4 ,,ring ,,formation4--,for small numbers of players no formal procedure is needed to get the players into a ring formation4 ,for very little children the teacher should simply stretch his or her own hands sideways1 taking a child by either hand to show what is wanted1 and telling the others to form a circle4 ,all will naturally clasp hands in the same way4 ,children should be urged to move quickly for such formations4 ,for some games the hands remain clasped4 ,for others the hands are dropped 7unclasped7 after the ring is formed4 ,the distance between players may be gauged by the stretch of the arms when the hands are clasped1 making the ring larger or smaller4 ,with older players the teacher's participation in the formation of the circle is not necessary1 the mere command to ,form circle6 being adequate4 ,for large numbers the ring formation is best achieved from a line standing in single file4 ,the players should march or run1 the leader of the file describing a circle and joining hands with the rear player of the file1 all of the others joining hands similarly with their neighbors4 ,,concentric ,,circles4--,where players are to be placed in two circles1 one within the other1 as in ,three ,deep1 ,zigzag ,ball1 or some of the singing games for large numbers1 players should march in a column of twos 7two by two71 and the leaders should describe a circle until the ends meet4 ,all then face inward4 ,another method of forming concentric circles is to form a single circle1 and have every alternate player step inwards4 ,or the players may number off by twos1 and those bearing the odd 7or even7 numbers take one or two steps toward the center of the circle4 ,all numbering-off methods1 however1 are comparatively slow4 ,,opposing ,,teams ,,or ,,lines4--,for assigning large numbers of players quickly in opposing teams or lines1 the following methods are among the most orderly3-- ,i4 ,the players fall in for a march in single file4 ,they march up the center of the room or ground2 the first player turns to the right and the next to the left1 and so on alternately1 taking stations at the sides of the ground2 they are thus separated into two opposing groups1 those which turn to the right forming one group or team1 and those to the left another4 ,this method is even quicker if players march in columns of twos or fours1 alternate ranks turning to alternate sides4 ,,ii4 ,players may be required to march in columns of twos 7two abreast71 halt1 and those in one file of the column step to one side of the playground instead of marching to the front and separating1 as in ,i1 and those in the other file to the opposite side4 ,where an even division of running ability1 or height for catching balls1 is necessary1 players should be sized when lining up for either of the above methods4 ,,iii4 ,when players in a gymnasium or playground have already been numbered for gymnastic purposes1 the odd numbers may be directed to one end of the playground to form one team1 and the even numbers to the opposite end for the other team4 ,,group ,,formations4--,to get players into many small groups1 a division may often best be made from the marching formations4 ,players may be brought for this purpose into columns of four or more 7marching four abreast71 halted1 and each file in turn directed to some particular location in the playground4 ,where time is not a consideration1 or the number of players is smaller1 more deliberate methods of counting out1 choosing sides1 etc41 may be used1 described in the chapter on ,counting out4 ,,counting-,,out2 ,,choosing ,,sides ,,counting-,,out2 ,,choosing ,,sides ,,and ,,turns2 ,,who',s ,,it8 ,counting-out rhymes and other methods of choosing players for games form one of the most interesting topics in the whole study of children's games4 ,such rhymes and methods are found in use all over the world and are prehistoric1 having descended like the great mass of children's games from the serious practices of adults in the childhood of the race4 ,classic literature has innumerable references to such customs1 as where in the ,iliad the heroes cast lots in the cap of ,atrides ,agamemnon to know who shall go forth to battle with ,hector1 or choose by similar means their places in the funeral games for ,patroclus4 ,many instances of the use of these practices are recorded in ,scripture1 including the famous one of the casting of lots for the seamless garment4 ,much collecting and investigating have been done as to these methods1 several collections of counting-out rhymes1 covering hundreds of examples1 having been made in the interests of folklore1 the history of magic1 etc4 ,such rhymes are found in ,asia1 ,africa1 ,europe1 and ,america1 not to mention the ,sandwich ,islands and other places presenting primitive conditions4 ,the largest collection and most thorough study published in ,america was that made by ,mr4 ,h4 ,carrington ,bolton of the ,smithsonian ,institute4 ,these rhymes unquestionably originated in old superstitions and rites1 including incantations of the old magicians and practices of divination by lot4 ,the doggerel of counting-out rhymes is often traceable to old ,latin formulas used for these purposes1 a fact that shows the absurdity and artificiality of purposely manufactured rhymes4 ,in the majority of games it is necessary to assign various players to their parts in some manner that shall be strictly impartial4 ,thus1 one player may have to be chosen to be ,it--that is1 to take the prominent1 arduous1 or often disadvantageous or disagreeable part2 for example1 the part of ,black ,tom in the game of that name1 the blind man in blindfold games1 etc4 ,in many other games the players have to determine who shall have the first turn1 or the order of rotation in which all shall play1 as who shall be the first back in leapfrog1 etc4 ,in still other games1 such as ,prisoners' ,base1 ,black and ,white1 and many ball games1 opposing sides or teams have to be chosen4 ,some games have their own distinctive methods of assigning parts1 but in most cases any method may be used4 ,a few of the most popular1 practical1 and useful methods are given here4 7,see also ,floor ,formations in previous chapter47 ,for very little children1 the teacher or leader should choose or assign the players for the different parts1 such as who shall be the first cat or mouse in the game of ,kitty ,white1 or who shall go into the center in many of the singing games4 ,this method is often used for parlor games in children's parties by the hostess1 though many other methods may be used4 ,for older players1 the following methods will be found helpful4 ,,counting-,,out4--,this is a very popular method among children4 ,one player in the group1 generally self-appointed1 but sometimes chosen by popular consent1 does the counting out4 ,he repeats a rhyme or jingle1 touching one player on the chest for each accent of the verses4 ,he always begins with himself and then touches the first one on his left1 and so on around the circle or group in regular order4 ,any player to whom falls the last word is out2 that is1 he is eliminated from the succeeding counting and is not to be ,it1 generally a matter for rejoicing4 ,such a player steps out of the group at once4 ,this counting is continued1 the verses being repeated over and over1 until only two players are left1 when the formula is again gone over1 the one to whom the last word falls being free1 and the remaining player ,it4 ,when a verse is not long enough to go around the entire group1 the player at his discretion may lengthen it by adding ,one1 two1 three1--out goes he6 7or she72 or ,o-,u-,t spells out6 ,from many verses the following1 without which no collection could well make its appearance1 are chosen as typical for the purpose3-- ,onery1 twoery tickery tee1 ,hanibal1 ,crackible1 turnablee4 ,whing1 whang1 muskadan1 ,striddledum1 straddledum1 twenty-one6 ,the following counting-out rhyme is famous in literary annals as having been taught to ,sir ,walter ,scott before his open fire by that dainty little maiden1 ,marjorie ,fleming3-- ,wonery1 twoery1 tickery seven2 ,alibi1 crackaby1 ten and eleven2 ,pin1 pan1 muskydan2 ,tweedle-um1 twoddle-um1 ,twenty-wan2 eeerie1 ourie1 owrie1 ,you1 are1 out6 ,the following are old and popular forms3-- ,enna1 mena1 mina1 mo1 ,catch a nigger by the toe2 ,if he hollers1 let him go1 ,enna1 mena1 mina1 mo6 ,monkey1 monkey1 bottle of beer2 ,how many monkeys are there here8 ,one1 two1 three1 out goes he 7or she67 ,aina1 maina1 mona1 mike1 ,bassalona1 bona1 strike2 ,hare1 ware1 frown1 hack2 ,halico1 balico1 wee1 wo1 wy1 whack6 ,little fishes in a brook1 ,father caught them with his hook4 ,mother fried them in a pan1 ,father ate them like a man4 ,,holders4--,a favorite method of choosing players1 especially with boys1 is that called holders or hand holders4 ,when a group of boys decides to play a game1 one suddenly shouts1 ,picker up6 picks up a pebble and hands it to another boy4 ,the one who picks it up is called the stone picker1 and is out to start with2 that is1 he does not have to take part in the guessing of hands which follows4 ,mr4 ,beard1 who has recorded from observation this method of choosing players1 gives an additional point which the writer has not happened upon4 ,he says that the first player has scarcely shouted ,picker up6 before another cries ,wipe-'er-off6 and a third1 ,stone holder6 ,picker-up hands the stone to ,wipe-'er-off4 ,picker-up is then free4 ,wipe-'er-off makes a great show of wiping the stone off on his trouser leg1 and hands it to ,stone-holder4 ,wipe-'er-off is then free1 and ,stone-holder puts his hands behind him1 etc4 ,this preliminary of handing the stone is often omitted1 especially where a large group is to play1 as the first holder of the stone has in a large group a good chance to go out as the guessing proceeds4 ,the person who holds the stone 7a coin1 button1 or any small object may be used7 places his hands behind his back so that the other players may not know in which hand he disposes the stone and then holds his closed fists out in front of him1 with the backs of the hands 7knuckles7 upward4 ,the first player on his left steps forward and touches the hand in which he thinks there is no stone4 ,the holder opens that hand2 if the guess has been correct1 the guesser is out and the holder must go through the same performance with the next guesser4 ,should the one who guesses touch the hand which holds the stone instead of the empty hand1 then he must become holder1 taking the stone and going through the same play with it1 the holder from whom he took it being out4 ,in other words1 the object of the guessing is to choose the hand which is empty1 a successful guess putting the guesser out1 a wrong guess making him the next holder and putting the preceding holder out4 ,,drawing ,,cuts4--,in this method of choosing players1 a blade of grass or hay or a slip of paper is provided for each player in the group4 ,these should all be cut of approximately the same length1 with the exception of one which should be quite short4 ,one player1 the holder1 holds these in a bunch in one hand1 first getting even all of the ends that are to show4 ,the other ends are concealed in the hand1 so that it is impossible1 by looking at the extended ends1 to tell which is the short piece4 ,each player in the group then draws one of the slips or pieces1 the one who gets the short piece being ,it4 ,if desired1 the slips may be put in a hat or box1 the players drawing without looking in4 ,this method is quite suitable for parlor games1 where it is much used4 ,,toss-,,up4--,the toss-up is a very simple and popular method of choosing players4 ,it consists in tossing a coin in the air and allowing it to land on the ground1 to see which side will fall uppermost1 each player having previously chosen a side1 or1 in other words1 taken his chance on that side landing upward4 ,generally a coin is used1 but a stone will do as a substitute1 one side being marked4 ,shells may also be used1 the throw to be determined by the light or dark side or the convex or concave side falling upward4 ,the method of tossing is the same for any of these articles4 ,one player tosses the coin in the air1 the players having chosen heads or tails2 the side of the coin having the date on it is called heads1 the other side tails4 ,the side wins which falls uppermost4 ,if a coin or shell does not lie flat on the ground1 but rests edgewise1 the toss does not count4 ,when this method is used by a group of players1 each player is considered out who makes a lucky guess4 ,any player who guesses the wrong side takes the next turn for tossing the coin4 ,sometimes it is required that the choice 7of heads or tails7 shall be made while the coin is in the air1 probably to avoid any juggling on the part of the tosser4 ,,racing2 ,,last ,,over2 ,,etc4--,a popular method of determining who shall be ,it for a game is for the players to race to a certain point1 the last one to reach it being ,it4 ,or one of a group of players deciding on a game may say ,last over the fence6 when all climb or vault over a fence1 the last one over being ,it4 ,in the gymnasium this method is sometimes used when the players are grouped in the center of the floor4 ,upon hearing the shout ,last over6 they all scatter and jump over any available piece of apparatus1 bars1 horse1 etc41 the last one to vault being ,it4 ,the ,wabanaki ,indians use an interesting method1 combining counting-out and racing4 ,the players being gathered in a group1 each player puts out two fingers1 resting them on the ground1 a stone1 or any convenient place4 ,a counting-out rhyme is then used1 one finger being touched for each accent4 ,a finger is doubled under whenever a verse ends on it1 until only three fingers are left4 ,the owners1 whether they be two or three players1 immediately start on a run1 the counter chasing them4 ,the one caught is ,it4 ,some games have each their own distinctive method of choosing players1 as in ,duck on a ,rock4 ,these methods are described with the games wherever they have been obtainable4 ,,choosing ,,sides4--,for many games the players are divided into two opposing groups or teams4 ,when there is no special leader or captain for each group1 some of the above methods of counting-out or choosing are used for assigning players to one side or the other4 ,in most games1 however1 where there are opposing groups1 a captain or leader is first selected4 ,this part sometimes goes to the person who first shouts for it1 but it is more usual for the players to choose captains1 as special qualities are generally needed in persons in that position1 and even young children are glad to place themselves under strong leadership4 ,captains or leaders1 however1 may be chosen by any of the previously mentioned methods1 or they may be selected by a teacher or leader4 ,two captains or leaders having been chosen1 each chooses his own players1 the choice being made alternately one at a time1 the first captain selected generally having first choice4 ,a good captain will select his players for the playing qualities needed in the particular game to be played4 ,these qualities will vary in different games1 and different players may be chosen for excellence in one particular direction1 such as swift running1 agile dodging1 boldness in giving dares and taking risks2 in ball games1 skill in catching or throwing1 or other forms of play2 and in all games1 the ability to play fair1 and to coperate generously and with good temper4 ,a player may be unskillful1 and yet very valuable as a general helper if he possesses the qualities for coperation4 ,the unpopular player is nearly always a selfish person1 one who disregards rules or tries to win unfairly4 ,aside from the general contempt engendered by such qualities1 a player having them is undesirable because he gets his side into disputes or runs a greater risk of increasing the opponent's score with fouls4 ,,miscellaneous ,,active ,,games ,illustration3 ,,all-,,up ,,relay ,,race ,,miscellaneous ,,active ,,games ,,all ,,up ,,relay #aj to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,the players are divided into two or more groups of like numbers which compete against each other4 ,the different groups line up in single file behind a starting line drawn on the ground4 ,directly in front of each team1 at the opposite end of the running space 7which should be from twenty to fifty feet long71 are drawn two circles1 each three feet in diameter1 and placed side by side1 with rims touching4 ,in one of the circles of each pair three ,indian clubs are placed4 ,on a signal1 number one of each file runs forward and with one hand only1 changes the clubs from one circle to the other4 ,each club must be made to stand1 and none must touch the outline of the circle4 ,as soon as each player finishes this1 he runs back to his file1 touches the next player on the hand1 and passes off1 back of the line4 ,the second player should be waiting for this touch-off with toe on the starting line and hand outstretched4 ,this second player1 on receiving the touch-off1 runs forward to the circles and changes the clubs from the second ring back to the first1 observing the same rules of procedure4 ,each player1 in turn does this1 the file winning whose last player is first to dash over the starting line on his return4 ,this is a very popular game for athletic contests1 especially for younger girls4 ,when used in this way1 an especially careful observation should be kept for fouls by official judges4 ,one foul is scored against a team for 7a7 each time a runner starts over the line without the touch-off2 7b7 each time both hands are in play at once in changing the clubs2 7c7 each club that is not replaced after falling2 7d7 each club that is left standing anywhere but within the circle for which it was intended4 ,when played thus1 according to strict athletic rules1 the teams win in the order of finishing plus the smallest score on fouls4 ,thus1 if team ,a finishes first with six fouls1 team ,b finishes second with four fouls1 and team ,c finishes third with no fouls1 team ,c wins1 being given first place1 team ,b second place1 and team ,a third place4 ,teams ,order of ,finishing ,number of ,fouls ,order of ,winning ,a #a #f #c ,b #b #d #b ,c #c #j #a ,,animal ,,blind ,,man',s ,,buff #aj to #cj or more players4 ,parlor2 gymnasium2 playground4 ,one player is blindfolded and stands in the center of a circle with a wand1 stick1 or cane in his hand4 ,the other players dance around him in circle until he taps three times on the floor with his cane1 when they must stand still4 ,the blind man thereupon points his cane at some player1 who must take the opposite end of the cane in his hand4 ,the blind man then commands him to make a noise like some animal1 such as a cat1 dog1 cow1 sheep1 lion1 donkey1 duck1 parrot4 ,from this the blind man tries to guess the name of the player4 ,if the guess be correct1 they change places4 ,if wrong1 the game is repeated with the same blind man4 ,the players should try to disguise their natural tones as much as possible when imitating the animals1 and much sport may be had through the imitation4 ,players may also disguise their height1 to deceive the blind man1 by bending their knees to seem shorter or rising on toes to seem taller4 ,where there are thirty or more players1 two blind men should be placed in the center4 ,there is much sport in this game for either children or adults or both together4 ,the author has known it to be the occasion for great merriment under all three circumstances4 ,,animal ,,chase #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,two pens are marked off in distant corners of the playground4 ,one player1 called the chaser1 stands at one side of one of these pens4 ,the other players stand within the pen that is nearest the chaser4 ,all of the players in the pen are named for different animals1 there being several players of each kind4 ,thus there may be a considerable number each of bears1 deer1 foxes1 etc4 ,the chaser calls the name of any animal he chooses as a signal for the players to run4 ,for instance1 he may call ,bears6 whereupon all of the players who represent bears must run across to the other pen1 the chaser trying to catch them4 ,any player caught before reaching the opposite pen changes places with the chaser4 ,the particular point of difference between this and some other similar chasing games is that the chaser may not know just which of the players in the pen will start out in response to the name of the animal that he calls4 ,,arrow ,,chase #h to #af players4 ,out of doors4 ,this game is especially adapted to surroundings where a very devious chase may be given1 with many opportunities for the runners to go out of sight1 double back on their course1 etc41 as in a village4 ,the players are divided into two parties4 ,one of these parties1 each member having a piece of chalk1 starts out on a run over any route chosen by their leader4 ,every ten feet the runners must chalk a small arrow somewhere along their path1 the object of the hunting party being to overtake these runners1 discovering their course by the arrows4 ,no attempt is made to get back to a goal1 as in many other games of chase4 ,the hunting party at the starting place counts two thousand to give the runners a full start1 and then pursues them4 ,the runners will use all possible finesse in making it difficult to find their arrows1 although it is a rule of the game that the arrow must be in plain sight1 though not necessarily from the point of view of the course taken4 ,it may be marked on the farther side of a post1 stone1 etc41 or at a considerable height1 or near the ground1 but never under a ledge or where it might not be seen plainly by any one standing in front of it4 ,the runners will naturally take a course that will eventually bring them back to the starting point1 the chasers1 however1 trying to overtake them before they can accomplish this4 ,,automobile ,,race #bj to #cj players at once4 ,schoolroom4 ,this schoolroom game is played with most of the class sitting1 being a relay race between alternate rows4 ,the first child in each alternate row1 at a signal from the teacher1 leaves his seat on the right side1 runs forward around his seat and then to the rear1 completely encircling his row of seats1 until his own is again reached4 ,as soon as he is seated1 the child next behind him encircles the row of seats1 starting to the front on the right side and running to the rear on the left side4 ,this continues until the last child has encircled the row and regained his seat4 ,the row wins whose last player is first seated4 ,the remaining alternate rows then play1 and lastly the two winning rows may compete for the championship4 ,the interest may be increased by calling the race an international one1 the teacher providing small flags of different nations1 or the children may cut and paint these of paper4 ,the first child in each row chooses the country he will represent by the selection of a flag at the beginning of the game4 ,this he places on the rear desk1 and it is held aloft by the last player when he regains his seat1 indicating that his country has come in first1 second1 etc41 in the automobile race4 ,,barley ,,break #f to #ah players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,a long1 narrow strip of ground is needed for this game1 divided into three spaces measuring from ten to fifty feet square4 ,the central one of these three spaces is called the barley field4 ,in each of the three stands a couple of players 7or more1 as hereinafter described74 ,the couple in the center is obliged to link arms2 therefore the center place is the most difficult and considered disadvantageous4 ,the couples in the other spaces advance1 singly or together1 into the barley field1 trampling the barley by dancing around the field as much as they can without being caught4 ,these couples need not link arms4 ,when one of these is caught1 he must remain inactive in the barley field until his partner is also caught4 ,the couple owning the barley field may not step beyond its limits1 nor may the couple being sought take refuge in the field opposite to their own4 ,when the two are caught1 they become warders of the barley field1 changing places with the previous couple1 and any others who have been caught return to their own fields4 ,the game is made interesting by not confining the effort to catching two members of the same couple in succession4 ,both couples in the adjoining fields should venture far into the barley1 taunting the couple who have linked arms by calling ,barley break6 ,these1 in turn1 will assist their object by making feints at catching one player and turning suddenly in the opposite direction for another4 ,the number of players may be increased by putting three couples in the center 7barley field7 and two or three couples at each end4 ,this game is centuries old and used to be played at harvest time around the stacks in the cornfields4 ,,baste ,,the ,,bear #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 parlor4 ,one player is chosen to be bear1 and sits in the center on a stool4 ,the bear chooses a second player to be his keeper4 ,the keeper stands by the bear1 each of them holding an end of a short rope about two feet in length and knotted at either end to give a firm hold4 ,the rest of the players stand around in a circle inclosing these two4 ,the object of the players is to tag 7baste or buffet7 the bear1 without themselves being tagged by the bear or his keeper4 ,the players may only attack the bear when the keeper calls ,my bear is free6 ,should a player strike at the bear before the keeper says this1 they change places1 the striker becomes bear1 the former bear becomes the keeper1 and the keeper returns to the ring4 ,the keeper does his best to protect his bear by dodging around him on all sides to prevent the attacks of the players who dodge in from the circle to hit him4 ,should the keeper or bear tag any player1 the same exchange is made2 that is1 the player tagged becomes bear1 the former bear the keeper1 and the keeper returns to the ring4 ,should a rope not be conveniently at hand1 the game may be played in any of the three following ways3 7#a7 by the bear and his keeper clasping hands2 7#b7 a circle may be drawn around the bear beyond which the keeper may not go2 7#c7 the keeper may be subjected to the general rule of not going more than two steps away from the bear in any direction4 ,where there are more than thirty players1 two or more rings should be formed1 each having its own bear and keeper4 ,this is an old game1 popular in many countries4 ,it contains excellent sport1 with opportunity for daring1 narrow escapes1 and much laughter4 ,,bear ,,in ,,the ,,pit #aj to #cj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,a bear pit is formed by the players joining hands in a circle with one in the center as the bear4 ,the bear tries to get out by breaking apart the bars 7clasped hands71 or by going over or under these barriers4 ,should he escape1 all of the other players give chase1 the one catching him becoming bear4 ,this is a favorite game with boys1 and is not so rough a game as ,bull in the ,ring1 the means of escape for the bear being more varied4 ,he can exercise considerable stratagem by appearing to break through the bars in one place1 and suddenly turning and crawling under another1 etc4 ,,bend ,,and ,,stretch ,,relay #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,this game consists in a sideways passing of two bean bags and two dumb-bells alternately4 ,this amount of apparatus should be placed on the floor in the outer aisle beside each player in one of the outside rows1 say that to the left of the pupils4 ,on the command ,go6 each player in this first row picks up a dumb-bell1 raises it overhead1 and there passes it to his own right hand1 which is then extended sideways at shoulder level1 where the next player takes it4 ,the dumb-bells are passed across the room in this manner1 each player stretching his arms high overhead1 when he passes the bell from his left to his right hand4 ,the last player who receives the bell places it on the floor beside him in the outer aisle4 ,as soon as the first player has passed the first dumb-bell1 he picks up a bean bag by bending down to the left1 then straightens upward1 passes the bag over his head to his own right hand1 and then bends deeply to the right and places the bean bag on the floor at his right side4 ,he immediately straightens to an erect position1 when the next player bends1 takes up the bag1 passes it over his head1 and bends to place it on the floor at his right side4 ,as soon as he has disposed of the first bean bag1 the leader of each line reaches for the second dumb-bell4 ,this time the bell is passed simply from hand to hand in front of the body instead of overhead4 ,as soon as the second bell has left his hand1 the leader of each line picks up the second bean bag1 which is the last piece of apparatus to be passed4 ,the passing of the second bean bag is different from that of the first4 ,the pupils face sideways to the left1 their feet resting in the aisle1 and drop the bag behind them to the floor with both hands1 at the same time bending slightly backward4 ,the next player bends forward1 picks up the bag with both hands1 and then leans backward1 with his hands stretched high overhead1 and drops the bag in his turn in the aisle behind him4 ,the line wins whose last player first receives the second bean bag4 ,the player in the last line receiving this bean bag should stand instantly and hold the bean bag high overhead1 the winning line being selected by this signal4 ,this game was originated by ,mr4 ,joseph ,cermak1 of ,chicago1 and submitted in a competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city1 in #aijf4 ,this game was one that received honorable mention1 and is here published by the kind permission of the author1 and of the ,girls' ,branch1 and of ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding ,brothers1 publishers of the handbook in which the game first appeared4 ,,bird ,,catcher #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom2 playground4 ,two opposite corners are marked off at one end of the ground or room1 the one to serve as a nest for the birds and the other as a cage4 ,a mother bird is chosen1 who takes her place in the nest4 ,two other players take the part of bird catchers and stand midway between nest and cage4 ,if played in the schoolroom1 the remaining players sit in their seats2 if in a playground1 they stand beyond a line at the farther end of the ground which is called the forest4 ,all of these players should be named for birds1 several players taking the name of each bird4 ,the naming of the players will be facilitated by doing it in groups4 ,if in the class room1 each row may choose its name1 after which the players should all change places1 so that all of the robins or orioles will not fly from the same locality4 ,the teacher calls the name of a bird1 whereupon all of the players who bear that name run from the forest to the nest1 but the bird catchers try to intercept them4 ,should a bird be caught by the bird catcher1 it is put in the cage1 but a bird is safe from the bird catchers if it once reaches the nest and the mother bird4 ,the players should be taught to make the chase interesting by dodging in various directions1 instead of running in a simple1 straight line for the nest4 ,the distance of the bird catchers from the nest may be determined with a little experience1 it being necessary to place a handicap upon them to avoid the too easy capture of the birds4 ,,black ,,and ,,white #aj to #ajj players4 ,gymnasium2 playground2 parlor2 schoolroom4 ,one player is chosen as leader1 the rest being divided into two equal parties4 ,each player in one party should tie a handkerchief on the left arm to indicate that he belongs to the ,whites2 those in the other division are called the ,blacks4 ,the players stand around the ground promiscuously1 the ,whites and ,blacks being mingled indiscriminately4 ,the leader is provided with a flat disk which is white on one side and black on the other1 and preferably hung on a short string to facilitate twirling the disk4 ,he stands on a stool at one side or end and twirls this disk1 stopping it with one side only visible to the players4 ,if the white side should be visible1 the party known as the ,whites may tag any of their opponents who are standing upright4 ,the ,blacks should therefore drop instantly to the floor1 as in ,stoop ,tag4 ,should the black side of the disk be shown1 the party of ,blacks may tag the ,whites4 ,any player tagged drops out of the game4 ,the party wins which puts out in this way all of its opponents4 ,the leader should keep the action of the game rapid by twirling the disk very frequently4 ,this is an excellent game for keeping players alert1 and may be the source of much merriment4 ,,blackboard ,,relay #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,as here explained1 this game is adapted to grammar 7sentence construction1 and punctuation74 ,it may be made to correlate with almost any school subject1 as explained4 ,the class is seated with an even number of pupils in each row4 ,a piece of crayon is given to the last players in each row1 all of whom at a given signal run forward and write on the blackboard at the front of the room a word suitable to begin a sentence4 ,upon finishing the word each player returns at once to his seat1 handing the crayon as he does so to the player next in front of him4 ,this second player at once runs forward and writes one word after the first one1 to which it must bear a suitable relation4 ,in this way each player in the row adds to the sentence being written by his own row1 the last player being required to write a word that shall complete the sentence1 and to add punctuation marks4 ,the points scored are #be for speed 7the first row to finish scoring the maximum1 and the others proportionately in the order of finishing71 #be for spelling1 #be for writing1 and #be for grammatical construction1 capitals1 and punctuation4 ,the row wins which scores the highest number of points4 ,the following modes of correlation are suggested for this game3-- ,arithmetic4--,each relay of pupils writes and solves on the blackboard a problem dictated by the teacher just before the signal to leave their seats4 ,the line wins which has the largest number of problems correct4 ,multiplication tables may also be written1 one step for each pupil4 ,english grammar or punctuation1 as explained previously2 spelling1 the teacher announcing the word for each relay as they leave their seats2 authors1 each pupil to write the name of an author belonging to a certain period or country2 each pupil to write the name of some poem1 play1 story1 essay1 or book by an author whose name is given at the outset of the game2 or the names of characters from a given literary work or author2 or the next line or passage from a memorized selection4 ,geography4--,the names of mountain ranges1 rivers1 capital cities1 boundaries1 products4 ,history4--,the names 7related to a given period if desired7 of famous men--statesmen1 military men1 writers1 artists1 musicians2 of battles1 discoveries1 etc4 ,,black ,,tom #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,two parallel lines are drawn on the ground with a space of from thirty to fifty feet between them4 ,all of the players except one stand beyond one of these lines4 ,in the middle territory between the lines the one player who is chosen to be ,it takes his place1 and cries ,black ,tom6 ,black ,tom6 ,black ,tom6 repeating the words three times as here given2 whereupon the other players must all rush across to the opposite line1 being chased by the center player1 who catches any that he may4 ,any one so caught joins him thereafter in chasing the others4 ,the particular characteristic of this game lies in the fact that the center player1 instead of saying ,black ,tom1 may trick or tantalize the runners by crying out ,yellow ,tom1 or ,blue ,tom1 or ,red ,tom1 or anything else that he chooses4 ,any player who starts to run upon such a false alarm is considered captive and must join the players in the center4 ,this is also true for any player who starts before the third repetition of ,black ,tom4 ,another way of giving a false alarm is for any one of the center players except the original ,it to give the signal for running4 ,any runner starting in response to such a signal from any of the chasers1 except the original ,it1 thereby becomes captive and must join the players in the center4 ,the first one to be caught is center player1 or ,it1 for the next game4 ,the game as here given is played in ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y4 ,the same game is played in the ,south under the title of ,ham1 ham1 chicken1 ham1 bacon6 the word bacon being the signal for the run1 any player starting without hearing it having to join the center players4 ,,blind ,,bell #e to #ajj players4 ,parlor2 gymnasium2 playground4 ,all the players but one are blindfolded and scatter promiscuously4 ,the one who is not blindfolded carries a bell loosely in one hand1 so that it will ring with every step4 ,if desired1 this bell may be hung around the neck on a string or ribbon4 ,the blindfolded players try to catch the one with the bell1 who will have to use considerable alertness to keep out of the way4 ,whoever catches the bellman changes places with him4 ,where there are over twenty players1 there should be two or more bellmen4 ,this is a capital game for an indoor party4 ,,blind ,,man',s ,,buff #aj to #cj or more players4 ,parlor2 gymnasium2 playground4 ,one player is chosen to be blindfolded and stands in the center4 ,the other players join hands and circle around him until the blind man claps his hands three times1 whereupon the circle stops moving and the blind man points toward the circle4 ,the player at whom he points must at once step into the circle1 and the blind man tries to catch him1 and when caught must guess who the player is4 ,if the guess be correct1 they change places4 ,if not correct1 or if the blind man has pointed at an empty space instead of at a player1 the circle continues and the game is repeated4 ,the player who is called into the circle will naturally try1 by noiseless stepping1 dodging1 etc41 to give the blind man some difficulty in catching him1 but when once caught must submit without struggle to examination for identification4 ,this is one of the oldest recorded games and is found in practically all countries4 ,the ancient ,greeks called it ,brazen ,fly4 ,,body ,,guard #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,a small space is marked off at one end of the ground as a home or goal4 ,one player is chosen to be the ,panjandrum1 an important personage requiring a body guard4 ,two other players are chosen to be the guard4 ,the game starts with these three players in the home ground and the balance of the players at large4 ,the three issue forth1 with the two players who act as body guard clasping each other by the hand and preceding the ,panjandrum as a shield4 ,the object of the game is for the players at large to touch or tantalize the ,panjandrum without being tagged by his guard4 ,the guard will shift around their charge to avoid these attacks1 and the ,panjandrum himself may evade them by moving around his guard4 ,whenever a guard succeeds in tagging a player1 the ,panjandrum and his guards return at once to the home2 whereupon the player tagged changes places with the ,panjandrum1 and the game goes on as before4 ,,bull ,,in ,,the ,,ring #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,all but one of the players stand in a circle with hands firmly clasped4 ,the odd player stands in the center and is the bull4 ,the bull tries to break through the ring by parting the hands of any of the players4 ,if he breaks through1 the two players whose hands he parted immediately give chase to him1 and the one catching him becomes the bull4 ,this is a very rough game4 ,,bunch ,,of ,,ivy #bj to #fj or more players4 ,parlor2 gymnasium2 playground4 ,the players in pairs form a ring4 ,the inner player of each couple kneels4 ,the outer player of each couple holds the upraised hand of the kneeling partner and circles around her1 asking the following questions4 ,the partners reply as indicated1 mentioning each time one hour later by the clock1 until six o'clock has been reached4 ,what time does the king come home8 ,one o'clock in the afternoon4 ,what has he in his hand8 ,a bunch of ivy4 ,this dialogue and the accompanying movement of the players should be rhythmic and spirited in time4 ,as the kneeling players say ,a bunch of ivy1 they begin clapping their hands in the same rapid time2 whereupon the outer players run around the entire ring to the right until each player has returned to her partner1 once for one o'clock1 twice for two o'clock1 etc41 until six o'clock has been reached4 ,the players change places each time after this series of circling1 the outer players kneeling1 and those who formerly knelt1 standing4 ,the time of both the dialogue and the running should be rapid to keep the game spirited4 ,the larger the circle that may be described around each kneeling player by the partner the better4 ,,bung ,,the ,,bucket #aj to #cj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this is a game of leapfrog4 ,the players are divided into two parties4 ,half of them form one continuous back1 on which the other half jump1 one at a time1 until all are seated4 ,the players who form the back stand one behind another1 the first player resting his head against the stomach of one who stands upright1 backed by a wall or fence4 ,each player in turn grasps the coat tail or waist of1 and rests his head or shoulder against1 the player next in front4 ,they should thus make one long1 even1 and solid back or row of backs4 ,these are called the buckets4 ,the other players are called the bungs1 and stand at some little distance to get a run for the leap4 ,they will naturally select their best leaper as the first of their line1 as he may not move forward after he has once landed on the backs1 and it is desirable that he should leave as much space behind him as possible for the others to sit4 ,none of the players may move forward after once landing on the backs4 ,if all of the bungs succeed in seating themselves without any break occurring among the buckets1 it counts one in favor of the buckets4 ,when such a breakdown occurs1 the two parties change places1 the bungs taking the place of the buckets2 otherwise the game is repeated with the same bungs and buckets4 ,the party wins which has the highest score to its credit at the end4 ,illustration3 ,,buying ,a ,,lock ,reprinted from ,dr4 ,isaac ,t4 ,headland's ,the ,chinese ,boy and ,girl1 by kind permission of ,messrs4 ,fleming ,h4 ,revell ,co4 ,,buying ,a ,,lock #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 schoolroom4 ,oh1 here we all go to buy us a lock2 ,what kind of a lock shall it be8 ,we'll buy a broom handle2 if that will not do1 ,with a poker we'll try it alone4 ,but if neither the broom nor the poker will do1 ,we'll open it then with a stone4 ,this game is suitable for very little children4 ,they stand in a long line or rank side by side1 holding hands4 ,while repeating the verse1 one end of the line winds in under the raised arms of the last two players at the opposite end1 but instead of passing entirely through1 as in many other winding games1 the player next to the last only turns far enough to face in three quarters of a circle1 or so that the players will eventually1 when all have so turned1 be brought into single file1 one standing behind the other4 ,in this position the arms are dropped over the shoulder1 so that the player's own left arm crosses his chest with the clasped hands 7his own left and his neighbor's right7 resting on his right shoulder4 ,each player should clasp his neighbor's hands at the start1 so that the palm of his own left hand faces forward and the palm of his own right hand faces backward4 ,when the whole line has been locked in this way1 the players unwind in reverse order1 still repeating the verse4 ,when players are familiar with the winding and unwinding process1 the game may be played in circle formation instead of line formation2 that is1 it will start with all of the players facing inward as they clasp hands to form a circle1 and the locking or winding will bring them facing in single file around the circle4 ,this is a favorite game with little girls in ,china1 and is here given with the kind permission of ,dr4 ,isaac ,t4 ,headland and ,messrs4 ,fleming ,h4 ,revell ,co41 from the book entitled ,the ,chinese ,boy and ,girl4 ,,cat ,,and ,,mice #e to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,one player is chosen to be cat1 and hides behind or under the teacher's desk4 ,after the cat is hidden1 the teacher beckons to five or six other players1 who creep softly up to the desk1 and when all are assembled1 scratch on it with their fingers1 to represent the nibbling of mice4 ,as soon as the cat hears this1 she scrambles out from under the desk and gives chase to the mice1 who may save themselves only by getting back to their holes 7seats74 ,if a mouse be caught1 the cat changes places with him for the next round of the game4 ,if no mouse be caught1 the same cat may continue1 or the teacher may choose another at her discretion4 ,a different set of mice should be chosen each time1 so as to give all of the players an opportunity to join in the game4 ,this is a favorite schoolroom game for little children4 ,they should be taught to add sport to the play by giving the cat quite a chase before returning to their seats1 instead of seeking safety in the shortest and most direct way4 ,,cat ,,and ,,rat #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 parlor4 ,one player is chosen for cat and one for rat4 ,the others all form a circle with clasped hands4 ,the cat stands outside of the circle and the rat inside4 ,the game opens with a conversation between the cat and rat4 ,the cat says3-- ,i am the cat4 ,the rat says3-- ,i am the rat4 ,i will catch you6 ,you can't6 ,this last defiance is a signal for a chase4 ,the cat tries to get into the circle1 and the rat tries to evade him4 ,both may run in and out of the circle1 but the players will assist the rat by raising their hands to let him run under1 and they will try to foil the efforts of the cat by preventing his breaking through the circle1 either inward or outward4 ,when the rat is caught1 he joins the circle and the cat becomes rat1 a new cat being chosen from the circle players4 ,this game is a great favorite with young children1 and though very similar in its general form to ,bull in the ,ring1 the slight difference of the circle assisting the rat and hindering the cat makes a great difference in the playing qualities of the game1 rendering it much less rough than ,bull in the ,ring4 ,illustration3 ,,catch-,,and-,,pull ,,tug ,,of ,,war2 ,a ,,high ,,school ,,freshman ,,class ,,catch ,,and ,,pull ,,tug ,,of ,,war #aj to #ajj players4 ,gymnasium2 playground4 ,any number of players may engage in this contest1 which is one of the best for a large number1 containing as it does both excellent sport and vigorous exercise4 ,a line is drawn down the middle of the playing space4 ,the players are divided into two parties and stand one party on either side of the line4 ,the game starts on a signal and consists in catching hold of an opponent by any part of his body1 as hand1 arm1 or foot1 reaching over the line and so pulling him across the boundary4 ,any number of players may try to secure a hold on an opponent and any number may come to his rescue and try to resist his being pulled over the line1 either by pulling him in the opposite direction or by trying to secure a hold on one of the opponents4 ,a player does not belong to the enemy until his entire body has been pulled over the line4 ,he must then join his captors in trying to secure players from across the line4 ,the party wins which has the largest number of players at the end of time limits4 ,,catch ,,of ,,fish #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this is one of the very strenuous games1 and affords opportunity for some very good exercise and sport4 ,a line is drawn across each end of the playground1 beyond which the players stand in two equal parties1 one at one end and one at the other4 ,the players of one party clasp hands to form a fish net4 ,the players in the other party are fish4 ,at a given signal both advance toward the center of the playground1 which represents a stream1 the object of the fish being to swim across to the opposite shore without being caught in the net4 ,to do this they will naturally dodge around the ends of the net4 ,the net should inclose or encircle any fish that it catches4 ,the fish so caught may not try to break apart the clasped hands forming the net1 but may escape only through the opening where the two ends come together4 ,should the net break at any point by an unclasping of hands1 the fish are all allowed to escape1 and the players go back to their respective goals and begin over again4 ,any fish caught in the net are thereafter out of the game until all are caught4 ,after the net has made one catch1 the sides exchange parts1 those of the fish that are left forming the new net1 and the first net crossing to the other side and becoming fish4 ,the two sides thus exchange places and parts1 until all on one side are caught4 ,for a large number of players it is better to have two small nets instead of one large one1 the dodging being livelier and the progress of the game more rapid in every way4 ,,catch ,,the ,,cane #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,the players1 who should be numbered consecutively1 stand in a circle or semicircle4 ,one player stands in the center of the circle or in front of the semicircle1 with his index finger on the top of a cane1 wand1 or closed umbrella1 which stands perpendicularly to the floor4 ,suddenly he lifts his finger from the cane1 at the same time calling the number assigned to one of the players in the circle4 ,the person whose number is called must run forward and catch the cane before it lies on the floor4 ,if he fails1 he must return to his place in the circle2 if successful1 he changes places with the center player4 ,this game may have a great deal of sport in it if the action be kept lively and the one who is calling the numbers gives them in unexpected order1 sometimes repeating a number that has recently been given1 then giving a few in consecutive order1 and then skipping over a long series1 etc4 ,,for ,,the ,,schoolroom4--,when played in the schoolroom1 the player with the cane should stand in the center of the front of the room4 ,the other players--part of the class at a time--may be lined up in front of the first row of desks1 or only the players seated in the first row of seats may be called1 according to the number of their row4 ,at the discretion of the teacher this row may change to the rear row of seats1 each line moving up one seat to make room for them4 ,this is an admirable game for making alert and active1 children who are slow or dull4 ,,cavalry ,,drill #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this is a game of leapfrog4 ,i4 ,two players make a back4 ,they stand with backs to the jumpers and place their inside hands on each other's shoulders with arms extended at full length to leave a space between4 ,the jumper places a hand on each of the inside shoulders4 ,the push will be away from the center and the backs will need to brace themselves for this4 ,,ii4 ,a back is made by two or more players standing close together with sides toward the jumpers1 thus making a back several widths deep to jump over4 ,for whichever form of back is used1 any player failing to clear the back without touching it is out of the game1 the first two failing becoming backs for the next round when all have jumped4 ,for large numbers of players this may be played as a competition between different groups4 ,,centipede #i to #ab players4 ,gymnasium2 seashore4 ,the players sit in a circle on the floor1 with their feet stretched out and mingled in a promiscuous pile4 ,one player1 who is leader1 and stands outside the circle1 touches one of the feet 7he may mark it slightly with a piece of chalk if desired71 and calling on some player by name1 commands him to tell to whom the foot belongs4 ,when this player has named some one1 the leader commands the owner of the foot to stand up4 ,if the guess be wrong1 the leader chases the mistaken player and whips him with a knotted handkerchief4 ,if the guess be right1 the guesser is released from the game1 sits down at one side1 and chooses the next one to be ,it1 while the one who was ,it takes a place in the circle4 ,this game lends itself especially to the gymnasium or seashore1 where the dressing of the feet is inclined to be uniform4 ,the game is played by the modern ,greeks4 ,,changing ,,seats #bj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,this game is played in several different forms4 ,the following are very popular4 ,,changing ,,seats--,i ,the teacher gives the command1 ,change right6 whereupon each pupil slips from his own seat to the one across the aisle to the right1 the pupils in the farthest right-hand row standing in the outside aisle4 ,the next order may be1 ,change left6 when all of the pupils slip back to their own seats1 and the row that stood resumes its own4 ,in the same way the orders1 ,change forward6 and ,change backward6 may be given1 the row of pupils left out each time merely standing in the aisles4 ,,changing ,,seats--,,ii ,in this form of the game the players in the displaced row run around the room and take the vacant row of seats on the opposite side4 ,for instance1 the teacher gives an order1 ,change left6 whereupon all the pupils slip over into the seats next to them on the left1 the outside row on the left side of the room standing in the aisle4 ,the teacher then says ,run6 whereupon the pupils who are standing run across the front of the room and take the vacant row of seats on the right-hand side4 ,the teacher may then again say1 ,change left6 whereupon the entire class1 as now seated1 moves one place to the left1 the outside players standing in the aisle as did their predecessors2 on the command ,run6 they1 too1 run across the room and take the vacant row of seats on the right-hand side4 ,the command may be given1 ,change forward6 after which the displaced players run around the side of the room and take the vacant places at the rear2 or if the command be ,backward6 the displaced players run forward and take the front row of seats4 ,the sport of the game consists in rapid changes and unexpected variations in the orders given by the teacher4 ,with right conditions the command to run may be omitted1 the displaced row of pupils understanding that they are to run as soon as they stand4 ,the action of the game may be slightly quickened by having the running row divide1 half running around the room in one direction and half in the other4 ,for instance1 if the players in the right-hand row have been displaced1 half of them may run to the rear of the room to reach the rear half of the outer row of seats on the opposite side1 and the other half run across the front of the room to the forward half of this row of seats4 ,,charley ,,over ,,the ,,water #aj to #cj or more players4 ,parlor2 gymnasium2 playground4 ,one player is chosen to be ,charley1 and if there be more than twenty players there should be two or more ,charlies1 to make the action more rapid4 ,charley stands in the center2 the other players join hands in a circle around him and dance around1 repeating the rhyme3-- ,charley over the water1 ,charley over the sea4 ,charley catch a blackbird1 ,can't catch me6 ,as the last word is said1 the players stoop1 and ,charley tries to tag them before they can get into that position4 ,should he succeed1 the player tagged changes places with him4 ,,chickadee-,,dee #e to #aj players4 ,dark room4 ,this game is a good one for the loft of an old barn on a rainy day4 ,the writer obtained the game from a group of boys1 who found it one of their chief sports used in this way4 ,it is necessary to prepare in advance a rather large1 soft bag2 an oat sack or potato bag may be used4 ,this should be nearly filled with dry leaves or some substitute1 and the end gathered up and tied with a string1 so as to leave quite a hilt or handle for a firm grasp4 ,all light is shut out of the place1 so that the sense of hearing will be the only guide in the game4 ,one player1 who is ,it1 is seated on the floor in the center of the loft or room1 and holds the sack4 ,the object of the game for this player is to tag or touch any of the other players with the sack without leaving his sitting position on the floor4 ,the object of the other players1 who are scattered promiscuously1 is to approach as near as possible to the center player1 taking him unaware1 with a taunting cry of ,chickadee-dee6 close to his ear4 ,the game starts in perfect silence and darkness4 ,a player steals up to the center man1 calls ,chickadee-dee6 and darts back again as quickly as possible1 the center man whirling his bag around in a circle and hitting out with it in the direction of the voice1 trying to hit this player4 ,while he is doing this1 another player from some other direction repeats the call of ,chickadee-dee6 close to his ear1 and darts back or dodges4 ,any tactics may be used for dodging1 such as dropping to the floor1 jumping1 or the more usual modes of dodging4 ,any player hit with the bag exchanges places with the one in the center4 ,,chicken ,,market #e to #bj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this is one of the traditional dramatic games4 ,one player is chosen to be market man and another buyer2 the rest of the players are chickens2 they stoop down in a row and clasp their hands under their knees4 ,the buyer approaches the market man and asks1 ,have you any chickens for sale8 ,the market man answers1 ,yes1 plenty2 will you walk around and try them8 ,whereupon the buyer goes up to different chickens and tests them by laying over the head his clasped hands1 palms downward and pressing inward4 ,the buyer pretends to be dissatisfied with some of the chickens1 saying1 ,this one is too tough1 ,this one is too old1 ,this one is too fat1 etc41 until at last he finds one that suits him1 the chickens being supposed to go through this ordeal without smiling4 ,when a chicken is found that appears to be satisfactory1 the buyer and the market man take him by the arms1 one on either side1 he still remaining in his first position with hands clasped under the knees1 and swing him forward and backward three times4 ,should he stand this test without loosening his own grasp1 he is supposed to be all right1 and the buyer leads him off to the opposite side of the playground1 or home4 ,the game continues until all of the chickens are sold4 ,any chicken that smiles1 or whose arms give way in the swinging test1 must pay a forfeit1 all of the forfeits being redeemed at the close of the game4 ,where there are more than ten players1 there should be two or more buyers and sellers4 ,this game is played in various countries3 in ,england as a ,sale of ,honey ,pots1 in ,china as a ,fruit ,sale1 etc4 ,the version here given is from ,italy4 ,,chickidy ,,hand #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,one player is chosen to be ,it1 and stands near a post with the fingers of his hands interlocked4 ,the other players1 each clasping his own hands in the same way1 crowd around the post and touch it with the clasped hands4 ,the one who is ,it counts ten1 whereupon the players all run1 the one who is ,it trying to tag any of them4 ,none of the players may unclasp their hands until they are tagged1 whereupon they are prisoners and clasp hands with ,it1 forming a line which thereafter is the tagging line1 though only the original ,it may tag the other players4 ,the game is a contest between the tagging line1 which tries to recruit and retain its numbers1 and the free players1 who try 7#a7 to avoid being captured for the tagging line1 and 7#b7 to reduce the tagging line by breaking through it2 but the players in the line must resist this4 ,each time that the line is broken1 the one of the two players 7whose hands were parted7 who stands toward the head of the line is dropped out of the game4 ,a free player may not be tagged after he has thrown himself upon 7touched7 a pair of hands that he is trying to part4 ,the last player caught by the tagging line is the winner and becomes ,it for the next game4 ,,chinese ,,chicken #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom2 seashore4 ,this game is played with small blocks of wood or bean bags4 ,stones1 or1 at the seashore1 bathing slippers1 may be used instead4 ,these are placed in straight rows of five to fifteen each1 with intervals of about ten inches between them4 ,the players are divided into groups numbering from five to ten each1 and line up as for a relay race1 each before one row of blocks or bags4 ,the game is played in the same way by each row of players1 and while the game may be competitive between the different groups1 in its original form it is for one group only4 ,the first player in a group represents a lame chicken1 and hops on one foot over each bag until the end of the line of bags has been reached4 ,the last bag is then kicked away by the lame 7lifted7 foot1 after which it must be picked up and carried back over the same route to the first end of the line1 when the same player hops back on the opposite foot1 kicks away a second bag1 picks it up and returns1 and so on until he fails4 ,only one foot may touch the ground at a time1 and may touch it but once in each space between the bags4 ,no bag may be touched except the one at the end of the line1 which is afterward picked up1 and this must be secured without putting the lame foot upon the ground4 ,when the chicken infringes any of these rules1 he must at once give place to another4 ,the winner is the player who has at the end of the game the greatest number of bags4 ,this is a ,chinese game1 taken by kind permission of the author from ,miss ,adle ,fielde's ,a ,corner of ,cathay4 ,the ,chinese children play it with their shoes in place of the bean bag or block of wood4 ,,chinese ,,wall #aj to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,the ,chinese wall is marked off by two parallel lines straight across the center of the playground1 leaving a space between them of about ten feet in width1 which represents the wall4 ,on each side of the wall1 at a distance of from fifteen to thirty feet1 a parallel line is drawn across the ground4 ,this marks the safety point or home goal for the besiegers4 ,one player is chosen to defend the wall1 and takes his place upon it4 ,all of the other players stand in one of the home goals4 ,the defender calls ,start6 when all of the players must cross the wall to the goal beyond1 the defender trying to tag as many as he can as they cross2 but he may not overstep the boundaries of the wall himself4 ,all so tagged join the defender in trying to secure the rest of the players during future sorties4 ,the game ends when all have been caught1 the last player taken being defender for the next game4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,chinese ,,wall ,this is a capital game for both children and older players1 as it affords opportunity for some very brisk running and dodging1 especially if the playground be wide4 ,it differs from ,hill ,dill and several other games of the sort in that there is a more limited space in which the center catcher and his allies are confined4 ,,circle ,,race #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,the players stand in a circle a considerable distance apart and face around in single file in the same direction4 ,at a signal all start to run1 following the general outline of the circle1 but each trying to pass on the outside the runner next in front of him1 tagging as he passes4 ,any player passed in this way drops out of the race4 ,the last player wins4 ,at a signal from a leader or teacher1 the circle faces about and runs in the opposite direction4 ,as this reverses the relative position of runners who are gaining or losing ground1 it is a feature that may be used by a judicious leader to add much merriment and zest to the game4 ,,circle ,,relay #i to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,circle ,,relay ,the players stand in three or more divisions in single file1 facing to a common center4 ,in this formation they radiate like the spokes of a wheel4 ,on a signal from a leader1 the outer player of each file faces to the right4 ,on a second signal1 these outer players all run in a circle in the direction in which they are facing4 ,the object of the game is to see which runner will first get back to his place4 ,the one winning scores one point for his line4 ,immediately upon the announcement of the score1 these runners all step to the inner end of their respective files1 facing to the center1 the files moving backward to make room for them4 ,the signals are repeated1 and those who are now at the outer end of each file face and then run1 as did their predecessors4 ,the line scoring the highest when all have run wins the game4 ,,circle ,,seat ,,relay #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,this game starts with the players all seated1 and with an even number in each row4 ,at a signal1 the last player in each row runs forward on the right-hand side of his seat1 runs around the front desk1 and returns on the left-hand side of his own row4 ,as soon as he is seated1 he touches the player next in front on the shoulder1 which is a signal for this one to start4 ,he runs in the same way4 ,this is continued until the last player1 which in this case is the one sitting in the front seat1 has circled his desk and seated himself with hand upraised4 ,the line wins whose front player first does this4 ,this is one of the best running games for the schoolroom4 ,as in all such games1 seated pupils should strictly observe the rule of keeping their feet out of the aisles and under the desks4 ,players must observe strictly the rule of running forward on the right-hand side and backward in the next aisle1 else there will be collisions4 ,,clam ,,shell ,,combat #b to #cj players4 ,out of doors2 seashore4 ,each of the players is provided with an equal number of clam shells2 the players then pair off in twos for the combat4 ,which of the two shall have the first play is decided by the players each dropping a clam shell from a height of three feet4 ,the one whose shell falls with the hollow or concave side down has the first play4 ,should it be a tie1 the trials are repeated until one player is chosen in this way4 ,the play then opens with the unsuccessful player putting a clam shell on the ground1 when the opponent throws another shell at it1 trying to break it4 ,if he succeeds1 the opponent must put down another shell4 ,this is kept up indefinitely1 until a player's shells have all been won by the opposing thrower1 or until the thrower fails to hit a shell1 or his own breaks in doing so4 ,whenever one of these things occurs1 he loses his turn1 and must put down a shell for the opponent to throw at4 ,the player wins who retains an unbroken shell the longest4 ,where there is a considerable number of players1 they may be divided into opposing parties1 the players stepping forward in turn at the call of their respective captains4 ,this is a ,korean game1 reported by ,mr4 ,culin4 ,,club ,,snatch #aj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this is one of the best competitive chasing games4 ,a goal is marked off across each end of the playground4 ,midway between the goals1 an ,indian club is placed2 a handkerchief or other similar object may be used1 placed on some support--on a stake driven into the ground1 laid over a rock or stool1 or hung on the end of a branch4 ,a stone or dumb-bell laid on the ground may be substituted4 ,in line with the club a starting base is marked on each goal line4 ,the players are divided into two equal parties1 each having a captain4 ,each party takes its place in one of the goals4 ,the object of the game is for one of the runners to snatch the club and return to his goal before a runner from the opposite goal tags him1 both leaving their starting bases at the same time on a signal4 ,the players on each team run in turn1 the captains naming who shall run each time4 ,the captains toss for first choice of runners2 the one who wins names his first runner1 who steps to the running base1 whereupon the competing captain names a runner to go out against him1 trying to select one of equal or superior ability4 ,thereafter the captains take turns as to who shall first designate a runner4 ,when there is a large number of players1 or very limited time1 a different method may be used for selecting the runners4 ,all of the players should then line up according to size1 and number consecutively by couples4 ,that is1 the first couple would be number one1 the second1 number two1 the third1 number three1 etc4 ,the couples then divide1 one file going to one team and the other to the opposite team4 ,the players run thereafter according to number1 the numbers one competing1 and so on4 ,each player may run but once until all on the team have run1 when each may be called a second time1 etc4 ,to avoid confusion1 the players who have run should stand on one side of the starting base1 say the right1 and those who have not run1 to the left4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,club ,,snatch ,the first runners1 having been called by their respective captains to the starting bases1 run on a signal2 the players may reach the club together and go through many false moves and dodges before one snatches the club and turns back to his goal4 ,should he succeed in reaching the goal before the other player can tag him1 his team scores one point4 ,should he be tagged before he can return with his trophy1 the opponent scores one point4 ,the club is replaced after each run4 ,in either case both players return to their original teams4 ,when each runner has run once1 the teams exchange goals and run a second time4 ,the team wins which has the highest score at the end of the second round4 ,for large numbers of players there may be several clubs1 each having corresponding starting bases on the goals1 so that several pairs of runners may compete at once4 ,one club for twenty players1 ten on each side1 is a good proportion4 ,for young players the club may be placed nearer one goal than the other at first1 as shown in the diagram4 ,this is a capital game as here developed with the feature of scoring1 and may be made very popular4 ,,cock ,,stride #c to #ae players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this game is usually played with boys' caps1 but knotted handkerchiefs or balls of crumpled paper may be used4 ,one player is the cock2 he is blindfolded and stands in a stride position with his feet wide apart sideways4 ,the other players stand in turn at a point five to ten feet behind him1 and throw their caps forward as far as possible between his legs4 ,after the caps are all thrown1 each player moves forward and stands beside his own cap4 ,the cock then crawls on all fours1 still blindfolded1 until he reaches a cap4 ,the player whose cap is first touched at once becomes an object of chase by the other players1 who are at liberty to pommel him when he is captured4 ,he then becomes cock for the next round of the game4 ,,crossing ,,the ,,brook #e to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,this game is a great favorite with little children4 ,a place representing a brook is marked off by two lines on the ground4 ,for little children in the first year of school 7about six years old7 this may start with a width of two feet4 ,the players ran in groups and try to jump across the brook4 ,those who succeed turn around and jump back with a standing jump instead of a running jump4 ,on either of these jumps the player who does not cross the line representing the bank gets into the water and must run home for dry stockings1 being thereafter out of the game4 ,the successful jumpers are led to wider and wider places in the brook to jump 7a new line being drawn to increase the distance71 until the widest point is reached at which any player can jump successfully4 ,this player is considered the winner4 ,this game is printed by kind permission of the ,alumni ,association of the ,boston ,normal ,school of ,gymnastics1 from the book ,one ,hundred and ,fifty ,gymnastic ,games4 ,,cross ,,tag #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,one player is chosen to be ,it4 ,he calls out the name of another player1 to whom he at once gives chase4 ,a third player at any point in the chase may run between the one who is ,it and the one whom he is chasing1 whereupon this third player becomes the object of the chase instead of the second4 ,at any time a fourth player may run between this player and the chaser1 diverting the chase to himself1 and so on indefinitely4 ,in other words1 whenever a player crosses between the one who is ,it and the one being chased1 the latter is at once relieved of the chase and ceases to be a fugitive4 ,whenever the chaser tags a player1 that player becomes ,it4 ,considerable sport may be added to the game by the free players trying to impede the chaser and so help the runner1--getting in the way of the former without crossing between the two1 or any other hindering tactics4 ,,do ,,this1 ,,do ,,that #aj to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom2 parlor4 ,all the players stand facing one of their number who is the leader4 ,the one who is leader assumes any gymnastic position or imitates any action1 at the same time saying ,do this6 and the others immediately imitate4 ,should the leader at any time say ,do that6 instead of ,do this6 any player who imitates the action performed must be seated1 or pay a forfeit1 whichever form of penalty has been decided on at the beginning of the game4 ,three mistakes of this kind put a player out of the game1 even when forfeits are the penalty4 ,the leader may choose any gymnastic positions that are familiar1 such as chargings1 head bendings1 trunk bendings1 arm movements1 knee bendings1 hopping1 jumping1 dancing steps1 etc42 or imitate familiar actions such as hammering1 sawing1 washing1 ironing1 sewing1 stone cutting1 shoveling1 riding horseback1 etc4 ,,double ,,relay ,,races #aj to #ajj players4 ,schoolroom2 playground2 gymnasium4 ,first two rows 7,nos4 #a to #ad7 stand in aisle ,,ii and give way to rear to starting point4 ,third row 7,nos4 #ae to #ba7 stand in aisle ,,iii1 march forward and around to right into aisle ,i1 bringing entire #ba pupils into formation1 as indicated for ,team ,a on diagram4 ,fifth and sixth rows 7,nos4 #bb to #ce7 stand in aisle ,,vi and give way to rear to starting point4 ,fourth row 7,nos4 #cf to #db7 stand in aisle ,v1 march forward and around to left into aisle ,,vii1 bringing entire team1 ,nos4 #bb to #db1 into formation as indicated for ,team ,b on diagram4 ,,first ,,relay ,at commands1 ,ready1 go6 ,nos4 #a and #bb1 the two leaders of the two teams1 walk to wall in front of them at ,w_/,a and ,w_/,b1 touch the wall1 return down aisles ,,iii and ,v respectively1 and continue up aisle ,,iv to teacher's desk4 ,when the two leaders1 #a and #bb1 touch the wall1 ,nos4 #b and #bc start at the exchange points1 ,x and ,x1 #a and #b touch left hands across desks1 and #bb and #bc touch right hands across desks4 ,at the starting point1 #a touches left hand of #c1 who starts as soon as touched1 #bb touches right hand of #bd1 who also starts as soon as touched2 so on to the last of each team1 who finish the game by touching the desks where the leaders started4 ,both teams then about face and march back1 ,team ,a through aisles ,,iii1 ,,ii1 and ,i1 and ,team ,b through aisles ,v1 ,,vi1 and ,,vii1 when they are ready for the next relay4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,diagram ,,no4 #a--;,,double ,,relay ,,races ,,second ,,relay ,same as ,first ,relay1 but this time running4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,diagram ,,no4 #b--;,,double ,,relay ,,races ,,third ,,relay ,same as ,second ,relay1 but this time each leader starts with an eraser1 if in the schoolroom1 or a dumb-bell in playground1 in his hand and gives it to the next pupil at exchange point1 each successive pupil repeating the exchange at that point4 ,the third and succeeding pupils must wait at each starting point until touched before starting4 ,,fourth ,,relay ,same as ,third ,relay1 except that a handkerchief1 knotted once in the middle1 is substituted for the eraser with which each leader starts4 ,,fifth ,,relay ,same as ,fourth ,relay1 except that the leader of each team and the pupil behind him each have an eraser 7or dumb-bell71 and when meeting at exchange points1 exchange erasers1 the leaders giving the second erasers to the pupils on the starting points1 and so on4 ,,sixth ,,relay ,same as ,fifth ,relay1 except that two handkerchiefs are used instead of two erasers4 ,,seventh ,,relay ,same as ,sixth ,relay1 except that the handkerchiefs may be thrown and caught1 instead of being handed or passed to the next pupil4 ,,cautions ,the value of these games lies in two things1 i4e4 in the fact that after the first two pupils of each team have started and the game is really under way1 there are four pupils on each team actually in motion1 and the game moves so fast that each member of each team has little time to do anything besides attending strictly to the game2 if his team is to have any chance to make a good showing1 he must be constantly on the alert4 ,the second1 and still more important1 valuable feature of the games1 lies in the constant exercise of inhibition4 ,therefore there should be absolutely no coaching except by the teacher during training2 care should be taken in the ,first ,relay to see that all children actually walk2 no running2 when hands are to be touched1 they must be touched2 when erasers or handkerchiefs are dropped1 they must be picked up by the ones who dropped them before proceeding with the game2 if to be exchanged1 they must be exchanged4 ,the intermingling of the two teams in aisle ,,iv does not affect the game in the least4 ,diagram #b is for a schoolroom of seven rows of seats1 and six 7more or less7 deep4 ,the numbers indicate a convenient division1 and the pupils fall in as before4 ,a division of the class into three teams may be made if desired1 and if there be sufficient aisles4 ,these games are suitable for boys or girls or mixed classes4 ,diagram #a should be used for schoolrooms seating #db1 if seven deep2 #dh1 if eight deep2 #ed1 if nine deep4 ,diagram #b should be used for schoolrooms seating #db1 but facing as indicated2 #di1 if seven deep4 ,diagram #a for a schoolroom with five rows and ten deep1 using only the outside and next to the outside aisles4 ,these games may also be played in the gymnasium or playground4 ,they were originated by ,mr4 ,j4 ,blake ,hillyer of ,new ,york ,city1 and received honorable mention in a competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city in #aijf4 ,they are here published by the kind permission of the author1 and of the ,girls' ,branch1 and of ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding ,brothers1 publishers of the handbook in which the games first appeared4 ,,drop ,,the ,,handkerchief #aj to #cj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,all of the players but one stand in a circle4 ,the odd player runs around on the outside of the circle1 carrying a handkerchief1 which he drops behind one of the circle players4 ,the main idea of the game is to take the circle players unaware with this4 ,those who form the ring must look toward the center1 and are not allowed to turn their heads as the runner passes them4 ,the one who runs around with the handkerchief will resort to various devices for misleading the others as to where he drops it4 ,for instance1 he may sometimes quicken his pace suddenly after dropping the handkerchief1 or at other times maintain a steady pace which gives no clew4 ,as soon as a player in the circle discovers that the handkerchief has been dropped behind him1 he must pick it up and as rapidly as possible chase the one who dropped it1 who may run around the outside of the circle or at any point through or across the circle1 his object being to reach the vacant place left by the one who is chasing him4 ,the circle players should lift their hands to allow both runners to pass freely through the circle4 ,whichever player reaches the vacant place first stands there1 the one left out taking the handkerchief for the next game4 ,this is one of the oldest known games and is found throughout the world4 ,the writer has heard it described by ,cossacks1 ,japanese1 ,italians1 and people of many other nationalities4 ,,duck ,,on ,a ,,rock #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,duck ,,on ,a ,,rock ,each player is provided with a stone1 called a duck1 about the size of a baseball4 ,a large rock or post is chosen as the duck rock1 and twenty-five feet from it a throwing line is drawn4 ,on this duck rock one player places his duck and stands by it as guard4 ,this guard is selected at the outset by all of the players throwing their ducks at the duck rock from the throwing line4 ,the one whose duck falls nearest to the rock becomes the first guard4 ,the other players stand behind the throwing line and take turns in throwing at the guard's duck on the rock with their stones1 trying to knock it from the rock4 ,after each throw a player must recover his own duck and run back home beyond the throwing line4 ,should he be tagged by the guard while trying to do this1 he must change places with the guard4 ,the guard may tag him at any time when he is within the throwing line1 unless he stands with his foot on his own duck where it first fell4 ,he may stand in this way as long as necessary1 awaiting an opportunity to run home2 but the moment he lifts his duck from the ground1 or takes his foot from it1 he may be tagged by the guard4 ,having once lifted his duck to run home with it1 a player may not again place it on the ground4 ,the guard may not tag any player unless his own duck be on the rock4 ,before he may chase the thrower1 he must therefore pick up his own duck and replace it should it have been knocked off4 ,this replacing gives the thrower an opportunity to recover his own duck and run home2 but should the duck not have been displaced from the duck rock1 the thrower may have to wait either at a safe distance or with his foot on his own duck if he can get to it1 until some other thrower has displaced the duck on the rock1 and so engaged the time and attention of the guard4 ,several players may thus be waiting at once to recover their ducks1 some of them near the duck rock with a foot on their ducks1 others at a distance4 ,any player tagged by the guard must change places with him1 placing his own duck on the rock4 ,the guard must quickly recover his duck and run for the throwing line after tagging a player1 as he in turn may be tagged as soon as the new guard has placed his duck on the rock4 ,a stone that falls very near the duck rock without displacing the duck may also prove disastrous to the thrower4 ,should a stone fall within a hand span 7stretching from finger tip to thumb7 of the duck rock without knocking off the duck1 the guard challenges the thrower by shouting ,span6 whereupon he proceeds to measure with his hand the distance between the duck rock and the stone4 ,should the distance be as he surmises1 the thrower of the stone has to change places with him1 put his own duck on the rock1 and become the guard4 ,this rule cultivates expert throwers4 ,when used in a gymnasium1 this game may best be played with bean bags1 in which case one bag may be balanced on top of an ,indian club for the duck on the rock4 ,the modern ,greeks play this game with a pile of stones instead of the one rock or stake with the duck on top4 ,the entire pile is then knocked over1 and the guard must rebuild the whole before he may tag the other players4 ,these variations make the game possible under varied circumstances1 as on a flat beach1 or playground where no larger duck rock is available1 and add considerably to the sport4 ,,dumb-,,bell ,,tag #e to #cj or more players4 ,gymnasium2 playground2 schoolroom4 ,the players stand1 scattered promiscuously1 one of their number1 who is ,it1 being placed in the center at the opening of the game4 ,a dumb-bell is passed from one player to another1 the one who is ,it trying to tag the person who has the dumb-bell4 ,if he succeeds1 the one tagged becomes ,it4 ,a great deal of finesse may be used in this game2 in appearing to hand the dumb-bell in one direction1 turning suddenly and handing it in another1 etc4 ,players may move around freely1 and the action is frequently diversified with considerable running and chasing4 ,in the schoolroom this may be played either with the players seated or standing4 ,,every ,,man ,,in ,,his ,,own ,,den #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,each player selects for himself a den2 a post1 tree1 or other objective point may serve for this1 or the corner of a building1 or if in a gymnasium1 a piece of apparatus4 ,one player opens the game by running out from his den4 ,the second player tries to catch 7tag7 him4 ,the third player may try to catch either of these two1 and so on4 ,the object of the different players is to make captives of the others1 as any player caught must thereafter join his captor in trying to catch others1 thus eventually aggregating the different players into parties1 although each starts separately1 and any one may be the nucleus of a group should he be successful in catching another player4 ,the players may only be caught by those who issue from a den after they themselves have ventured forth4 ,for instance1 ,number ,two goes out to catch ,number ,one4 ,number ,three may catch either ,two or ,one1 but neither of them may catch him4 ,the last player out may catch any of the other players4 ,at any time a player may run back to his den1 after which his again issuing forth gives him the advantage over all others who may then be out1 as he may catch them4 ,as the players are gradually gathered into different parties1 the game becomes more concentrated1 and the side wins that captures all of the players4 ,one player may catch only one opponent at a time4 ,,exchange 7,numbers ,change2 ,french ,blind ,man's ,buff7 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,parlor2 gymnasium2 playground4 ,one player is blindfolded and stands in the center4 ,the other players sit in chairs in a circle around him4 ,it is advisable to have the circle rather large4 ,the players are numbered consecutively from one to the highest number playing4 ,the game may start with the players sitting in consecutive order1 or they may change places at the outset to confuse the blindfold player1 although the changing of places takes place very rapidly in the course of the game4 ,the blindfold player calls out two numbers1 whereupon the players bearing those numbers must exchange places1 the blindfold player trying meanwhile either to catch one of the players or to secure one of the chairs4 ,any player so caught must yield his chair to the catcher4 ,no player may go outside of the circle of chairs1 but any other tactics may be resorted to for evading capture1 such as stooping1 creeping1 dashing suddenly1 etc4 ,this game may be one of the merriest possible games for an informal house party4 ,the writer recalls one such occasion when a prominent manufacturer was blindfolded and had located two players whose numbers he called for exchange1 one of them a newly graduated ,west ,point lieutenant1 the other a college senior4 ,the business man stood in front of the chair occupied by the lieutenant and close to it1 taking a crouching attitude1 with his feet wide apart and arms outspread ready to grasp the victim when he should emerge from his chair4 ,noiselessly the lieutenant raised himself to a standing position in his chair1 and then suddenly1 to shouts of laughter from the company1 vaulted over the head of his would-be captor1 while at the same moment the collegian crawled between his feet and took possession of the chair4 ,,farmer ,,is ,,coming 7,,the7 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,one player1 chosen to be the farmer1 is seated4 ,the remaining players1 standing at a distance1 select a leader who taps some of them on the shoulder as an invitation to go with him to the farmer's orchard for apples4 ,thereupon they leave their home ground1 which has a determined boundary1 and approach as near to the farmer as they dare4 ,the game is more interesting if they can do this from various sides1 practically surrounding him4 ,suddenly the farmer claps his hands and all players must stand still1 while the leader calls out1 ,the farmer is coming6 ,the players try to get safely back to their home ground1 the farmer chasing them4 ,he may not start1 however1 until the leader has given his warning4 ,any player caught by the farmer changes places with him4 ,for the parlor or class room4--,this game adapts itself well to indoor use1 the farmer sitting on a chair in the middle of the room if in a parlor1 or at the teacher's desk if in a schoolroom4 ,the players are home when in their seats1 and the farmer1 to catch them1 must tag them before they are seated4 ,this is a particularly enjoyable game for an older person to play with children1 the former enacting the farmer4 ,,fence ,,tag #d to #cj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors2 schoolroom4 ,this game is a great favorite with boys for outdoor play1 but may also be used in the gymnasium1 various pieces of apparatus being used in lieu of a fence4 ,a certain length of fence is chosen for the game4 ,the one who is ,it gives the other players a slight start in which to vault over the fence1 when he immediately vaults over and tries to tag them4 ,this tagging may be done only when both players are on the same side of the fence4 ,the dodging is made almost or quite entirely by vaulting or dodging back and forth across the fence within the length or boundaries previously determined4 ,any player tagged must change places with the one who is ,it4 ,,for ,,the ,,schoolroom4--,this game may be used in the schoolroom by vaulting over the seats4 ,when played in this way1 it is not allowable to reach across seats or desks to tag a player4 ,the tagging must be done in the same aisle in which the tagger stands4 ,,fire ,,on ,,the ,,mountains #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,fire ,,on ,,the ,,mountains ,a number of stools are placed in a circle with considerable space between them1 there being two stools less than the number of players4 ,if played out of doors1 a stone may be used to sit on in place of a stool1 or the players may stand1 each on a spot or base marked on the ground4 ,one of the odd players is a leader1 and sits or stands in the center2 the remainder are circle men and take each his place on a stool or base1 the other odd man standing anywhere in the circle between the bases4 ,the object of the game is for the circle men to change places on a signal given by the leader1 each player trying to secure a stool and avoid being the odd man4 ,the longer the distance between stools or bases the greater the sport4 ,the running must be done in a circle outside of the bases1 and no crosscuts through the circle are allowed4 ,the player in the center repeats in rapid time the following lines3-- ,fire on the mountain1 run1 boys1 run6 ,you with the red coat1 you with the gun1 ,fire on the mountains1 run1 boys1 run6 ,at any time1 at the close of the verse1 or unexpectedly1 by way of interruption to it1 the center player will call ,stool6 or ,base6 when all of the players must change bases4 ,there will thus be one odd player left out4 ,this player then steps one side and is out of the game1 taking with him a stool belonging to one of the players1 so that the number of stools is reduced by one2 if bases are used1 one is crossed out to show it is out of the game4 ,the center player1 who remains caller throughout1 then repeats the verse and the signal for changing4 ,for each round of the game one player and one stool are taken out of the circle1 until but two players and one stool are left4 ,these two finish the game by circling the stool and some objective point a couple of yards away2 when the signal to change is then given1 the last one of the two to reach the stool becomes the leader for the next game4 ,,variation4--,this game may be played without eliminating a player for each round4 ,in this form1 each player who is left out when stools or bases are taken must pay a forfeit1 but continues actively in the game4 ,the forfeits are redeemed when each player has been odd man at least once4 ,in this form of the game1 instead of having one leader throughout1 the leader 7center man7 should try to secure a stool for himself when the others change1 the odd man becoming leader4 ,there should then be but one stool or base less than the number of players4 ,this is a ,scotch game1 the reference to signal fires on the mountains1 to red coats1 and guns1 having an obviously historic origin4 ,,flowers ,,and ,,the ,,wind 7,,the7 #d to #cj or more players4 ,indoors1 out of doors4 ,this game is suitable for little children4 ,the players are divided into two equal parties1 each party having a home marked off at opposite ends of the playground1 with a long neutral space between4 ,one party represents a flower1 deciding among themselves which flower they shall represent1 as daisies1 lilies1 lilacs1 etc4 ,they then walk over near the home line of the opposite party4 ,the opposite players 7who represent the wind7 stand in a row on their line1 ready to run1 and guess what the flower chosen by their opponents may be4 ,as soon as the right flower is named1 the entire party owning it must turn and run home1 the wind chasing them4 ,any players caught by the wind before reaching home become his prisoners and join him4 ,the remaining flowers repeat their play1 taking a different name each time4 ,this continues until all of the flowers have been caught4 ,,follow ,,chase #aj to #cj or more players4 ,gymnasium2 playground4 ,the players stand in a circle with arms stretched sideways1 resting on each other's shoulders1 thus making a wide distance between4 ,one player is chosen for runner and one for chaser4 ,the game starts with the runner in one of the spaces under the outstretched arms of the players1 and the chaser in a similar position on the opposite side of the circle4 ,at a signal from a leader both start1 the runner weaving in and out between the players or dashing across the circle in any way that he sees fit2 but the chaser must always follow by the same route4 ,if the runner be caught1 he joins the circle2 the chaser then takes his place as runner and chooses another player to be chaser4 ,the leader 7who may be one of the players7 may close the chase if it becomes too long by calling ,time6 when both runners must return to their places in the circle1 new ones taking their places4 ,for large numbers there may be two or more runners and an equal number of chasers1 or the players may be divided into smaller groups4 ,with various modifications1 this game is found in many countries4 ,as given here1 it is of ,italian origin4 ,,follow ,,the ,,leader #e to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 parlor2 schoolroom4 ,one player1 who is especially resourceful or skillful1 is chosen as a leader4 ,the others all form in single file behind him1 and imitate anything that he does4 ,the leader aims to keep the line moving1 and should set particularly hard tasks for them1 such as climbing or vaulting over obstacles1 under others1 jumping to touch high points or objects1 going through difficult feats1 jumping certain distances1 taking a hop1 skip1 and jump1 walking backward1 turning around while walking1 walking or running with a book on the head1 etc4 ,any one failing to perform the required feat drops out of the game or goes to the foot of the line2 or at the pleasure of the players may pay a forfeit for the failure and continue playing1 all forfeits to be redeemed at the close of the game4 ,illustration3 ,,forcing ,,the ,,city ,,gates ,reprinted from ,dr4 ,isaac ,t4 ,headland's ,the ,chinese ,boy and ,girl1 by kind permission of ,messrs4 ,fleming ,h4 ,revell ,co4 ,,forcing ,,the ,,city ,,gates #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,two captains are selected1 who alternately choose players until all are in two groups4 ,the two sides then line up in two straight lines1 facing each other about ten feet apart1 and holding hands1 each line representing the gates of a city4 ,the captains dispose their men in line as they see fit1 but it is advisable to alternate the larger or stronger players with the smaller or weaker ones1 to equalize the strength at the points of attack4 ,the captain of one side then names one of his players1 who steps forward and tries to break through the hands of the opposing side1 or he may dodge under them4 ,if he does not succeed in one place1 he may try in another1 but may not have more than three trials4 ,should he succeed in breaking the opposing line or dodging under1 he returns to his side1 taking the two whose hands had been parted or evaded1 as prisoners to renforce his side4 ,should he fail in the third attempt1 he is to remain on the side of his opponents4 ,the captains alternate turns in sending forth a man to force the city gates4 ,the players taken from the opposing side must thereafter work for the side to which they are taken captive1 each prisoner being placed in the line between two of the original team4 ,the side wins which eventually secures all of the opposing players4 ,the action may be made more rapid where a large number are playing by sending out two or more players at once4 ,this is a ,chinese game1 recorded by ,dr4 ,headland1 who has kindly supplied additional points to the author4 ,some modifications for large numbers have been found advisable under ,american school conditions4 ,,fortress #aj to #ajj players4 ,out of doors2 gymnasium4 ,this is one of the very strenuous games based on the idea of warfare4 ,the underlying idea is exactly opposite to that of ,robbers and ,soldiers1 being a game of attack and defense rather than of chase and capture4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,fortress ,a fortress is marked on the ground1 in the shape of a large square or oblong1 the size differing with the area at disposal and the number of players4 ,it should be not less than twenty-five by forty feet in dimensions4 ,one or more sides of this may be situated so as to be inclosed by a wall or fence4 ,a line should be drawn five feet inside of the fortress boundaries and another five feet outside of it2 these mark the guard lines or limits for making prisoners4 ,each party should also have its prison--a small square marked in the center of the fortress for the defenders1 and another at some distant point for the besiegers4 ,the players are divided into two equal parties1 each under the command of a general1 who may order his men at any time to any part of the battle4 ,one party of players are defenders of the fortress1 and should scatter over it at the beginning of the attack and keep a sharp lookout on unguarded parts at any time4 ,the other players1 forming the attacking party1 scatter under the direction of their general to approach the fortress from different directions4 ,this may be done in a sudden rush1 or deliberately before attacking4 ,at a signal from their general1 the besiegers attack the fortress4 ,the method of combat is entirely confined to engagements between any two of the opposing players1 and is in general of the nature of a tug of war4 ,they may push1 pull1 or carry each other so long as they remain upright2 but wrestling or dragging on the ground are not allowed4 ,any player so forced over the guard line becomes a prisoner to his opponent and is thereafter out of the game4 ,if he be a besieger1 captured by a defender1 he is placed within the prison in the center of the fortress1 and may not thereafter escape or be freed unless the general should make an exchange of prisoners4 ,should he be a defender1 pulled over the outer guard line by a besieger1 he is taken to the prison of the attacking party1 subject to the same rules of escape4 ,in the general engagement1 players of equal strength should compete1 the strong players with strong ones1 and vice versa4 ,the commanders should each give general directions for this to their men before the engagement opens4 ,the battle is won by either party making prisoners of all of the opponents4 ,or it may be won by the besiegers if one of their men enters within the guard line inside the fortress without being touched by a defender4 ,should a player accomplish this1 he shouts ,hole's won6 ,whereupon the defenders must yield the fortress1 and the two parties change places1 defenders becoming besiegers1 and vice versa4 ,the possibility of taking the fortress in this way should lead to great alertness on the part of the defenders1 as they should leave no point unguarded1 especially a fence the enemy might scale4 ,the guard line should be drawn inside any such boundaries1 and a player entering in this way must of course get inside the guard line as well as over the fence4 ,the attacking party on its part will use all possible devices for dashing into the fortress unexpectedly1 such as engaging the players on one side of the fort to leave an unguarded loophole for entering at another4 ,the attacking general may withdraw his forces at any time for a rest or for conference2 either general may run up a flag of truce at any time for similar purposes4 ,under such conditions the generals may arrange for an exchange of prisoners2 otherwise there is no means of freeing prisoners4 ,,fox ,,and ,,geese 7,for other games sometimes known by this title1 see ,fox ,trail and1 in the division of ,quiet ,games1 ,naughts and ,crosses47 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,one player is chosen to be fox and another to be gander4 ,the remaining players all stand in single file behind the gander1 each with his hands on the shoulders of the one next in front4 ,the gander tries to protect his flock of geese from being caught by the fox1 and to do this spreads out his arms and dodges around in any way he sees fit to circumvent the efforts of the fox4 ,only the last goose in the line may be tagged by the fox1 or should the line be very long1 the last five or ten players may be tagged as decided beforehand4 ,it will be seen that the geese may all coperate with the gander by doubling and redoubling their line to prevent the fox from tagging the last goose4 ,should the fox tag the last goose 7or one of the last five or ten1 if that be permissible71 that goose becomes fox and the fox becomes gander4 ,a good deal of spirit may be added to the game by the following dialogue1 which is sometimes used to open it3-- ,the fox shouts tantalizingly1 ,geese1 geese1 gannio6 ,the geese reply scornfully1 ,fox1 fox1 fannio6 ,fox1 ,how many geese have you to-day8 ,gander1 ,more than you can catch and carry away4 ,whereupon the chase begins4 ,this game is found in almost all countries1 under various names and representing different animals4 ,,fox ,,and ,,squirrel #bj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,the players sit in their seats facing toward the aisles1 so that each two adjacent lines have their feet in the same aisle and face each other4 ,the game consists in passing or tossing some object 7the squirrel71 such as a bean bag1 basket ball1 or hand ball from one player across the aisle to another and back again1 zigzagging down each aisle1 to be followed at once by a second object 7the fox72 the effort being to have the fox overtake the squirrel before the end of the line is reached4 ,with very little children1 passing is better than tossing2 but with older children1 or even with little ones1 when more experienced1 it is well to use the game as a practice for tossing and catching4 ,the action should be very rapid4 ,the game makes much sport for young children1 and they are very fond of it4 ,,fox ,,trail 7,,double ,,rim7 7,fox and ,geese2 ,half ,bushel7 7,see also ,fox ,trail 7,single ,rim747 #c to #cj or more players4 ,out of doors2 indoors2 snow4 ,this form of ,fox ,trail1 like the ,single ,rim game1 is distinctively a snow game1 but may be used anywhere that a large diagram may be marked on the ground or floor4 ,this game differs from the ,single ,rim in the size and complexity of the diagram1 there being two rims to the wheel instead of one4 ,it also differs in the fact that there is one more player than the number of dens for the foxes1 and in the methods by which the foxes may run or be chased4 ,a large diagram is drawn on the ground1 resembling a wheel with two rims4 ,in the snow this is trampled with the feet like a path2 on bare ground or damp sand it may be drawn with the foot or a stick2 in the gymnasium or on a pavement it may be drawn with chalk4 ,the outer rim should measure from thirty to forty feet in radius2 the inner rim should be ten feet from this4 ,across the circles are drawn straight lines resembling the spokes of a wheel1 the number being governed by the number of players4 ,where these spokes touch the outer rim1 a den or goal is marked for the foxes1 there being one goal less than the number of foxes4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,fox ,,trail 7,double ,rim7 ,one player1 who is chosen as hunter1 stands at his goal in the center or hub of the wheel4 ,the balance of the players1 who are foxes1 take each a place in a den on the outer rim1 with the exception of the odd fox1 who stands elsewhere on the rim1 trying to get a den whenever he can4 ,the object of the game is for the foxes to run from den to den without being caught by the hunter4 ,the method of running1 however1 is restricted4 ,both foxes and hunter are obliged to keep to the trails1 running only on the lines of the diagram4 ,it is considered poor play to run from den to den around the outer rim1 as there is practically no risk in this4 ,the foxes may run in any direction on any trail1 on the spokes of the wheel1 or on either of the rims4 ,they may turn off on the intersecting trail at any point1 not being obliged to run entirely across to the opposite side of the rim1 as in the simpler diagram given for the other game of this name4 ,no fox1 however1 may turn back on a trail2 having once started1 he must keep on to the next intersecting point4 ,whenever the hunter succeeds in tagging a fox1 the two players change places1 the fox becoming hunter and the hunter fox4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,fox ,,trail 7,single ,rim7 ,this game is excellent sport1 and is one of the most interesting and popular of the chasing games4 ,it is one of the very few distinctive snow games4 ,,fox ,,trail 7,,single ,,rim7 7,fox and ,geese2 ,half ,bushel7 7,see also ,fox ,trail 7,double ,rim747 #c to #bj players4 ,out of doors2 snow2 seashore2 gymnasium4 ,this is one of the few distinctive snow games1 but may be played anywhere that a large diagram may be outlined on the ground4 ,it is very popular with children1 and makes an admirable game for older players as well4 ,see the more complicated form1 with double-rim diagram1 preceding this4 ,a large circle from fifteen to thirty feet in diameter should be marked on the ground and crossed with intersecting lines like the spokes of a wheel1 there being about five such lines 7ten spokes74 ,the more players there are1 the larger should be the circle and the greater the number of spokes2 but there is no fixed relation between the number of spokes and players4 ,if played in the snow1 this diagram may be trampled down with the feet2 if on the fresh earth or sand1 it may be drawn with the heel or a stick2 or if in a gymnasium or on a pavement1 marked with chalk4 ,one player is chosen to be ,it or ,hunter4 ,he stands in the center1 that is1 on the hub of the wheel4 ,the other players scatter around the rim and are foxes4 ,they are not stationed at any one point as in the ,double ,rim game1 but run or stand anywhere around the rim when not dashing across the spokes4 ,the object of the game is for the foxes to cross the wheel to some opposite point without being tagged by the hunter4 ,they may only run1 however1 on the prescribed trails1--that is1 on the lines of the diagram4 ,in this form of the game 7the ,single ,rim diagram7 they may run only straight across1 and are not at liberty to turn an angle at the hub and seek refuge over any other trail than the direct continuation of the one on which they started4 ,the hunter changes places with any one whom he tags4 ,,french ,,tag #d to #fj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,in this form of tag certain boundaries are agreed upon beyond which players may not run1 though they may climb or jump over any obstacles within the boundaries4 ,any player who goes outside of the bounds is at once declared to be ,it by the pursuer4 ,otherwise the game is like ordinary tag1 any player who is tagged by the chaser becoming ,it4 7,see ,tag47 ,,frog ,,in ,,the ,,middle #aj to #cj or more players4 ,parlor2 gymnasium2 playground4 ,one player is chosen for the frog1 and sits in the center on the floor with his feet crossed in tailor fashion4 ,where there are more than twenty players1 it is well to have at least two such frogs4 ,the other players stand in a circle around the frog1 repeating1 ,frog in the sea1 can't catch me6 ,they dance forward toward the frog and back1 tantalizing him and taking risks in going near him1 the object of the game being for the frog to tag any one of them1 whereupon he changes places with such player4 ,the frog may not at any time leave his sitting position until released by tagging another player4 ,,garden ,,scamp #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom2 parlor4 ,this game is a great favorite with children1 and may be made an opportunity for much sport with youths and older players4 ,all but two of the players form a ring by clasping hands1 the inclosure serving as the garden4 ,within this one of the odd players who is assigned to be the scamp takes his place4 ,the other odd player1 the gardener1 moves around on the outside of the circle4 ,the gardener calls to the scamp inside1 ,who let you in my garden8 and the scamp answers1 ,no one6 whereupon he starts to run away1 the gardener chasing him4 ,the gardener must take the same path followed by the scamp in and out under the arms of the players1 who must lift their hands to let them pass4 ,the gardener must also go through all of the movements performed by the scamp1 who may jump leapfrog over any player in the circle1 turn somersaults1 crawl between the legs of a circle player1 double unexpectedly on his path1 circle around one of the players1 or resort to any other device for making the chase difficult4 ,if the scamp be caught1 he becomes gardener1 and the gardener joins the circle4 ,the former scamp1 now gardener1 chooses a new scamp to go into the circle4 ,should the gardener fail to follow in the exact path of the scamp1 or to perform any of the feats or antics of the scamp1 the gardener must at once join the ring1 and the scamp then has the privilege of choosing a new gardener4 ,,for ,,the ,,schoolroom4--,this game may be played by the entire class forming a circle around the room as close to the seats as possible to leave room for the chase outside the circle4 ,where seats can be turned up1 this should be done1 to give the runners opportunity to cross and recross the center space easily4 ,the scamp1 however1 may vault over seats in his efforts to escape or delay the gardener4 ,,going ,,to ,,jerusalem #aj to #fj or more players4 ,parlor2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,a row of chairs is placed in the center of the room1 so that they face alternately in opposite directions1 one chair to one side1 the next to the opposite side1 etc4 ,there should be one chair less than the number of players4 ,the game is most interesting when played with musical accompaniment4 ,the game starts with all the players seated in the row of chairs except one4 ,this odd one is the leader1 and his first object is to recruit the players for his trip to ,jerusalem4 ,he carries a cane and walks around the row repeating1 ,i'm going to ,jerusalem6 ,i'm going to ,jerusalem6 in singsong4 ,every few moments he stops at his discretion and knocks with his cane on the floor behind the chair of some player4 ,immediately the player thus summoned rises from his chair and follows the leader1 sometimes having a lively scramble to encircle the row of chairs and catch up with him4 ,the next player knocked for follows this one1 and so on1 until all are moving around in single file4 ,the leader may reverse his direction at pleasure4 ,this general hurry and confusion for the start may1 with a resourceful leader1 add much to the sport of the game4 ,when the players are all recruited1 they continue to march around the row of chairs1 the main object of the game being the scramble for seats when the music stops1 or upon some other signal to sit if there be no music4 ,the musician will add to the interest of the game by varying the time of the march from slow and stately time to double quick4 ,at any moment1 after all the players are marching1 the music may stop suddenly4 ,whenever this happens1 the players all scramble for seats4 ,there will be one odd player left without a seat4 ,this player is thenceforth out of the game and retires to one end of the room1 taking with him one of the chairs4 ,this continues until there are only two players encircling one chair1 and the one who secures it wins4 ,where two players reach a chair at nearly the same time1 the chair belongs to the one who first reached it1 or who is sitting more fully on it4 ,sitting on the arm of a chair does not count1 nor touching it with the hands or knees4 ,,for ,,the ,,gymnasium4--,when played in a gymnasium1 a row of gymnasium stools may be used instead of chairs1 and the gathering up of the players omitted1 the game starting with the stools empty4 ,,for ,,the ,,schoolroom4--,when played in the schoolroom1 the game starts with all of the players ready to march1 the first part of the game1 in which they are recruited1 being omitted4 ,the class should march in serpentine form up one aisle and down the next1 etc41 instead of encircling a row of seats4 ,there should be for a large class from one to six less seats than the number of players4 ,for instance1 one seat should be counted out in each row or each alternate row4 ,the seat that is not in play may be designated by turning it up1 if of that variety1 and by placing a book on the desk belonging to it4 ,wherever played1 the game may be carried on without music1 simply by the leader or teacher beating time and stopping when players are to sit2 or he may give a signal or a command to ,sit6 ,,good ,,morning #aj to #fj or more players4 ,schoolroom2 parlor4 ,this is a very pretty sense-training game1--cultivating discrimination through the sense of hearing4 ,little children are very fond of it1 and it is most interesting and surprising to note the development of perceptive power through the playing of the game4 ,one player blinds his eyes4 ,he may do this by going to a corner of the room and facing the wall1 with his hand over his eyes2 or a very pretty method is to have him go to the teacher or leader1 with his face hidden in her lap1 and her hands on either side of his head1 like the blinders of a horse4 ,the teacher then silently points to some other player in the class1 who rises at once and says1 ,good morning1 ,david6 7or whatever the child's name may be74 ,the little guesser1 if he has recognized the voice1 responds with1 ,good morning1 ,arthur6 7or other name74 ,if he does not guess the voice after the first greeting1 the child may be required to repeat it1 until the guesser has had three trials4 ,should he fail on the third trial1 he turns around to see who the player was1 and changes places with him4 ,if he names the right player1 the guesser retains his position until he fails to guess the voice of the one greeting him1 one player after another being required to stand and give the greeting ,good morning6 ,when pupils have become somewhat proficient in the guesser's place1 the others should be required to change their seats after the guesser has blinded his eyes1 so that he will not be assisted in his judgment by the direction from which the voice comes1 which is very easily the case where the other players are in their accustomed seats4 ,of course the greeting will be varied according to the time of day1 being ,good afternoon6 or ,good evening6 as may be appropriate4 ,occasionally1 in a school game1 a pupil from another room may be called in4 ,should a strange voice be heard in this way1 the little guesser is considered correct if he answer1 ,good morning1 stranger6 ,,guess ,,who #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 parlor2 schoolroom4 ,where there are more than ten players1 it is desirable to have them separated into several groups4 ,each group has a leader1 and lines up in rank 7side by side71 with the leader in the middle4 ,one odd player stands in front of the line1 facing it4 ,the odd player asks3-- ,have you seen my friend8 ,the line answers1 ,no4 ,first player3-- ,will you go and find him8 ,yes4 ,put your finger on your lips and follow me6 ,the player in front then turns around and1 with finger to his lips1 runs to another part of the ground1 all of the row falling in behind and following him1 each player with finger on lips4 ,when they have reached a new position1 the first player stops with his back to the line1 which re-forms in a new order under the direction of its leader1 so that the players do not stand in the same relative positions as when the odd player faced the line4 ,one player from the row selected by the leader now steps forward behind the odd player and says1 trying to disguise his voice1 ,guess who stands behind you6 ,if the odd player guesses correctly1 he retains his position1 turns around1 and the dialogue begins over again4 ,if the guess be wrong1 the one who is ,it changes places with the one whose name he failed to guess4 ,,gypsy #e to #aj players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this is one of the traditional dramatic games1 obviously an abbreviated form of ,mother1 ,mother1 the ,pot ,boils ,over6 ,one player is selected for gypsy1 and one for the mother4 ,the others are children4 ,the gypsy remains in hiding while the mother says to her children1 pointing to the different ones in turn3-- ,i charge my children every one ,to keep good house while ,i am gone2 ,you and you1 but specially you1 ,or else ,i'll beat you black and blue4 ,the mother then goes away and blinds her eyes4 ,during her absence the gypsy comes in1 takes away a child1 and hides her4 ,the gypsy repeats this until all of the children are hidden4 ,the mother returns and finds her children gone1 whereupon she has to find them4 ,when all have been found and brought back home1 all chase the gypsy4 ,,hang ,,tag #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,one player is ,it1 or chaser1 and changes places with any other player whom he can touch 7tag74 ,in this form of the game1 however1 any player may escape being tagged by hanging from anything overhead which will enable him to lift his feet from the floor4 ,when played out of doors1 where there are trees1 players will naturally jump to catch hold of the branches of the trees4 ,in a playground or gymnasium pieces of apparatus may be used for the same purpose4 ,a player is considered immune if1 instead of hanging by his hands1 he throws himself across some obstacle1 such as a fence1 which enables him to lift his feet from the ground4 ,the game is very uninteresting if players each choose a place and remain close to it in the intervals of the game2 but it may be made full of sport if each will take risks and run from point to point1 taunting the one who is ,it by going as near him as possible1 or allowing him to approach closely before springing for the overhead support4 ,the one who is ,it may not linger near any player to the extent of trying to tire him out in the hanging position1 but must move rapidly from one to another4 ,a very interesting form of this game for the gymnasium allows no two players to hang from the same piece of apparatus2 the last one taking possession has the right to remain hanging on the apparatus1 the one before him being obliged to run at once for another place4 ,this keeps the players moving and makes the game very lively4 ,,tree ,,toad4--,this is a form of ,hang ,tag played by the modern ,greeks4 ,it is played where there are trees1 the players jumping to clasp the trunk of the tree as a means of lifting their feet from the ground when the branches are too high to reach4 ,this makes a very funny1 vigorous1 and interesting form of the game1 to be played in a grove or shaded lawn4 ,,have ,,you ,,seen ,,my ,,sheep8 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 parlor2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,the players stand in a circle4 ,one walks around on the outside1 and touching one of the circle players on the back1 asks1 ,have you seen my sheep8 ,the one questioned answers1 ,how was he dressed8 ,the outside player then describes the dress of some one in the circle1 saying1 for instance1 ,he wears a red necktie2 he is dressed in gray and has low shoes4 ,the one questioned then names the player whom he thinks this describes1 and if right1 at once begins to chase him around the outside of the circle4 ,each of the circle players must be very alert to recognize himself in the description given by the outside player1 for immediately that he is named he must run around the outside of the circle1 chased by the player who guessed1 and try to reach his own place before being tagged4 ,the one who gives the description does not take part in the chase4 ,should the runner be tagged before returning to his place1 he must take the place of the questioner1 running in his turn around the outside of the circle and asking of some player4 ,have you seen my sheep8 ,,in ,,the ,,schoolroom4--,the players remain seated1 with the exception of the one who asks the first question of any player he chooses4 ,this player at once stands1 guesses the player described1 and chases him around the room1 the one chased trying to gain his seat before being caught4 ,if caught1 he becomes questioner2 if not caught1 the same questioner and guesser play as before4 ,,hide ,,and ,,seek ,the following games of hiding and seeking will be found in alphabetical order3-- ,hide and ,seek ,i spy6 ,ring-a-lie-vio ,run1 ,sheep1 ,run6 ,sardines ,smuggling the ,geg ,ten ,steps ,yards ,off ,,hide ,,and ,,seek #b to #bj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this is a simple form of ,i spy1 played by very little children4 ,one covers his eyes or blinds and the others hide4 ,when securely hidden1 they call ,coop6 and the one who is ,it goes in search of them4 ,the call of ,coop6 may be repeated at the discretion of the hider4 ,in this game the object is won when the searcher discovers the hidden players4 ,there is no race for a goal as in ,i spy4 ,,hide ,,the ,,thimble 7,magic ,music7 #e to #fj players4 ,schoolroom2 parlor4 ,one player is sent from the room2 while absent1 one of those remaining hides a thimble1 a cork1 or some small object which has been previously shown to the absent one4 ,when the object is hidden1 the absent player is recalled1 and proceeds to hunt for the hidden object4 ,while he is doing this1 the others sing or clap their hands1 the sound being very soft and low when the hunter is far away from the object1 and growing louder as he approaches it4 ,the piano music is desirable1 but for schoolroom use singing is found to be more interesting for all1 as well as often more practicable4 ,for very little children hand clapping is pleasing and sometimes more easily used than singing4 ,,high ,,windows #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,all of the players but one join hands in a circle4 ,the odd player in the center runs around on the inside of the circle and hits one of the players with a wisp of grass1 if the game be played out of doors1 or tags him if played indoors4 ,both players then run out of the circle1 it being the object of the player who was tagged to catch the odd player before he can run three times around the outside of the ring4 ,as the runner completes his third time around1 the players in the circle cry ,high ,windows6 and raise their clasped hands to let both of the players inside4 ,should the one who is being chased succeed in entering the circle without being tagged1 he joins the circle and the chaser takes his place in the center4 ,should the chaser tag the pursued before he can circle the ring three times and dodge inside at the close1 the chaser returns to the circle and the one caught goes again into the center4 ,it is permissible to vary the chase by running away from the immediate vicinity of the circle4 ,should the chase then become too long1 the circle players may call ,high ,windows6 as a signal for the runners to come in4 ,this call is made at the discretion of a leader1 whether he be one of the circle players appointed for that purpose1 or a teacher4 ,,hill ,,dill #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,two parallel boundary lines are drawn from thirty to fifty feet apart2 or the game is often played between the curbings of a street1 which serve as boundaries4 ,one player is chosen to be ,it1 and stands in the center4 ,the other players stand in two equal parties beyond the boundary lines1 one party on each side4 ,the center player calls out1 ,hill1 dill6 come over the hill6 ,the other players then exchange goals1 and as they run across the open space the one in the center tries to tag them4 ,any who are tagged assist him thereafter in tagging the others4 ,this game is not well adapted to very large numbers of players1 as it brings two opposing parties running toward each other in the exchange of goals4 ,it is especially suited to conditions where a very wide central field lies between the goals1 thus giving opportunity for the players to scatter4 ,,hip #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground4 ,all of the players stand in an informal group4 ,one of them is provided with a stick about the size of a broomstick and about two feet long4 ,he throws this as far as he can1 at the same time calling the name of one of the other players4 ,the one who threw the stick1 and all the others except the one whose name is called1 then scatter in a run4 ,the one who is called must pick up the stick1 whereupon he becomes ,hip and must chase the other players4 ,any player whom he catches he touches with the stick 7pounding not allowed71 and that player at once joins him in trying to catch the others4 ,any one caught by the second player1 however1 must be held by him until ,hip can come and touch the prisoner with the stick1 whereupon he also joins ,hip's party4 ,as the number of players with ,hip increases1 there may be some pretty lively tussling on the part of players who are caught1 pending the arrival of ,hip to touch them with the stick1 as he may have several to reach in this way1 and the interval may be considerable in which the captor must hold his victim4 ,the game ends when all of the players have been touched by ,hip4 ,,home ,,tag #d to #fj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,one player is ,it1 or chaser1 and changes places with any one whom he can touch 7tag7 outside of the safety places called homes4 ,one or more such places are chosen to which the players may run at any time for safety4 ,it is advisable to have these homes widely separated1 as at opposite ends of the playground4 ,if the players resort to these homes too frequently to make a good game1 the chaser may call ,three times three are nine2 ,who does not run is mine4 ,whereupon every player must run out from his home or goal1 or change places with the tagger4 ,,hopping ,,relay ,,race #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,a starting line is drawn on the ground1 behind which the players stand in two or more single files1 facing a goal4 ,the goal should be ten or more feet from the starting line1 and may consist of a wall1 or a line drawn on the ground4 ,at a signal the first player in each line hops on one foot to the goal1 touches it with his hands 7stooping for this if it be a line on the ground71 and hops back to the end of his line1 which should have moved forward to fill his place as he started4 ,he takes his place at the rear end of the line4 ,he tags the first player in the line as he passes him1 and this player at once hops forward to the goal4 ,each player thus takes his turn1 the line winning whose last player first reaches the rear of his line1 and there raises his hand as a signal4 ,if the game be repeated1 the hopping in the second round should be on the opposite foot4 ,,for ,,the ,,schoolroom4--,this may be played in the class room by having an equal number of pupils in each row of seats4 ,the players remain seated until it is their turn to hop1 each hopping from his own seat to the forward blackboard and back to his seat again2 or the distance may be made greater by continuing past his seat to the rear wall and then back to his seat again4 ,the game starts with those in the rear seats4 ,each pupil as he takes his seat tags the pupil seated next in front of him1 who takes this as a signal to start4 ,the line wins whose player in the front seat first returns and raises a hand to show he is seated4 ,,hound ,,and ,,rabbit #aj to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,a considerable number of the players stand in groups of three1 with their hands on each other's shoulders1 each group making a small circle which represents a hollow tree4 ,in each tree is stationed a player who takes the part of rabbit4 ,there should be one more rabbit than the number of trees4 ,one player is also chosen for hound4 ,the hound chases the odd rabbit1 who may take refuge in any tree1 always running in and out under the arms of the players forming the tree4 ,but no two rabbits may lodge in the same tree2 so as soon as a hunted rabbit enters a tree1 the rabbit already there must run for another shelter4 ,whenever the hound catches a rabbit1 they change places1 the hound becoming rabbit and the rabbit hound4 ,or the hound may at any time become a rabbit by finding shelter in an empty tree1 whereupon the odd rabbit who is left without shelter must take the part of the hound4 ,this game may be made very lively1 and has much sport in it even for adults4 ,the trees should be scattered promiscuously so that both rabbits and hound may have many opportunities to dodge and run in various directions1 with false starts and feints that add zest and interest to such a game4 ,for large numbers of players it is advisable to give each a better chance to participate actively in the game by having the rabbits and trees change parts whenever a rabbit is caught4 ,the hound1 and the rabbit who was caught1 then choose their successors4 ,illustration3 ,,how ,,many ,,miles ,,to ,,babylon8 ,,how ,,many ,,miles ,,to ,,babylon8 #aj to #ajj players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,the players are divided into two lines and stand facing each other1 with a distance of about ten feet between4 ,each line numbers off in twos1 and the players in each line take hold of hands4 ,the following dialogue takes place between the two lines1 all of the players in a line asking or answering the questions in unison4 ,the lines rock forward and backward during the dialogue from one foot to another1 also swinging the clasped hands forward and backward in time to the rhythm of the movement and the words4 ,the time should be rapid4 ,the first line asks3-- ,how many miles to ,babylon8 ,second line3-- ,threescore and ten4 ,will we be there by candle light8 ,yes1 and back again4 ,open your gates and let us through4 ,not without a beck courtesy and a boo bow4 ,here's a beck and here's a boo1 ,here's a side and here's a sou2 ,open your gates and let us through4 ,as the players in the first line say1 ,here's a beck and here's a boo1 they suit the action to the words1 drop hands1 and make each a courtesy1 with wrists at hips for the beck1 and straighten up and make a deep bow forward for the boo2 assume an erect position and bend the head sideways to the right for ,here's a side1 and to the left for ,here's a sou4 ,then the partners clasp hands and all run forward in eight quick steps in the same rhythm as the dialogue that has been repeated1 each couple passing under the upraised hands of the opposite couple1 which represent the city gates4 ,having taken the eight steps1 the running couple turns around1 facing the other line from the opposite side4 ,this is done in four running steps1 making twelve steps in all4 ,the couples that made the gates then turn around in four running steps 7a total of sixteen steps or beats7 until they face the first line1 when they in turn begin the rocking motion and the dialogue1 ,how many miles to ,babylon8 ,this is repeated indefinitely1 each line being alternately the questioners and the gates4 ,the time in which the lines are repeated and the accompanying movements should be very brisk and rapid1 so as to give life and action to it4 ,the start forward in the run when the couples pass through the gates should be made with a decided stamp or accent on the first step2 and the last step with which they turn in place1 facing the line after they have passed through the gates1 should have a similar accent4 ,the questions and answers should be given with varied intonation to avoid monotonous singsong4 ,mrs4 ,gomme ascribes the origin of this game to a time when toll was required for entrance into a city1 or for the carrying of merchandise into a walled town4 ,the form here given is of ,scottish origin1 gathered by the writer1 and is different from any published versions that have been consulted4 ,,huckle1 ,,buckle1 ,,bean ,,stalk #e to #fj players4 ,schoolroom2 parlor4 ,this game is a form of ,hide the ,thimble4 ,a thimble1 cork1 ring1 or other small object may be used for hiding4 ,all of the players leave the room save one1 who places the object in plain sight but where it would not be likely to be seen1 as on the top of a picture frame1 in a corner on the floor1 etc4 ,it may be placed behind any other object1 so long as it may be seen there without moving any object4 ,this hiding will be especially successful if some hiding place can be found near the color of the object2 for instance1 if the object be of metal1 to hang it from the key of a door1 put it in the filigree of a vase1 etc4 ,when the object has been placed1 the players are called into the room1 and all begin to look for it4 ,when one spies it1 he does not at once disclose this fact to the others1 but quietly takes his seat1 and when seated1 says1 ,huckle1 buckle1 bean stalk6 which indicates that he knows where the object is4 ,the game keeps on until all of the players have located the object1 or until the teacher or leader calls the hunt closed4 ,the first one to find the object hides it for the next game4 ,,hunt 7,,the7 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,the ground is marked off with two goals at opposite ends by parallel lines drawn entirely across it4 ,the space between the lines should measure from thirty to fifty or more feet4 ,one player is chosen for hunter1 who stands in the center4 ,the other players are named in groups from various animals2 thus there will be several lions1 several tigers1 etc4 ,these groups are divided so that part stand in one goal and part in the other1 the number of players being equal in each goal when the game opens4 ,the hunter1 standing in the center1 calls the name of any animal he chooses1 whereupon all of the players bearing that name must change goals4 ,the hunter tries to catch them while they are in his territory4 ,the first player caught must thereafter help the hunter in catching the others4 ,the second player caught changes places with the first1 the first one then being placed in a cage at one side of the playground and is out of the game4 ,the game ends when the hunter has caught all of the animals4 ,there are several games very similar to this1 but all of them have distinctive points that make them quite different in playing4 ,in the present game the hunter has the advantage of chasing players running from both directions1 but there is a comparatively small number of these1 and he is placed at the disadvantage of not usually knowing just which players bear the names of certain animals4 ,,hunt ,,the ,,fox #bj to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,the players stand in two parallel lines or files facing to the front1 with about five feet distance between the files1 and considerable distance between each two players in a file1 so that the runners may have space to run between them4 ,the head player of one file is a fox and the head player of the opposite file the hunter4 ,at a signal the fox starts to run1 winding in and out from one side to the other of his file until he reaches the bottom1 when he turns and comes up the opposite file4 ,the fox is not obliged to run between each two players1 but may skip any number that he wishes1 and choose his own track4 ,the hunter must follow in exactly the same trail1 being obliged1 should he make a mistake1 to go back to the point at which he diverged from the path of the fox4 ,if the fox succeeds in getting back to the head of the second file without being caught1 he is considered to have escaped1 and takes his place at the foot of his own file4 ,should he be caught by the hunter1 he changes places with the latter1 the hunter going to the foot of the fox's file1 and the fox taking the hunter's original place at the head of his file4 ,the second player in the fox's file1 who should have moved up to the front to keep the lines even1 is then fox for the next chase4 ,,hunt ,,the ,,slipper #aj to #cj or more players4 ,parlor2 seashore2 gymnasium4 ,all of the players but one sit in a circle1 with the feet drawn up and knees raised so that a slipper may be passed from hand to hand of each player under his knees4 ,where both boys and girls are playing1 it is desirable to have the girls alternate as much as possible with the boys1 as the slipper is more readily hidden under their skirts4 ,the players pass the slipper or bean bag around the circle under the knees1 the object being on their part to evade the vigilance of the odd player1 who runs around on the outside of the circle trying to touch the person who holds the slipper4 ,many devices may be resorted to for deceiving the hunter1 such as appearing to pass the slipper when it is not in one's hands1 or holding it for quite a while as though the hands are idle1 although it is not considered good sport to do this for very long or often4 ,the players will use every means of tantalizing the hunter2 for instance1 when he is at a safe distance1 they will hold the slipper up with a shout1 or even throw it to some other person in the circle1 or tap the floor with it4 ,when the hunter succeeds in catching the player with the slipper1 he changes places with that player4 ,when the circle of players is very large1 the odd player may take his place in the center instead of outside the circle4 ,,indian ,,club ,,race #aj to #ajj players4 ,gymnasium2 playground4 ,this game is an adaptation of the ,potato ,race4 ,see also the related game ,all ,up ,relay4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,indian ,,club ,,race ,the players are lined up in two or more single files1 the first players standing with toes on a starting line4 ,a small circle is marked on the ground to the right of the first player in each file1 and just within the starting line4 ,a series of six small crosses is also marked on the ground in front of each line1 at intervals of six feet apart1 continuing in the same direction as the file1 the first one being ten or fifteen feet from the starting line4 ,an ,indian club is placed on each cross4 ,at a signal1 the first runners rush forward1 each picks up a club1 returns1 and places it 7standing upright7 within the small circle1 beside his starting place1 returns for another1 and so on until all six clubs are within the circle4 ,the first players1 having finished1 pass to the rear of their respective lines1 which move up to the starting line4 ,at a signal the next row of players take each a club and return it to one of the crosses1 returning for another1 etc41 until all are placed4 ,the next runners return the clubs to the circle1 and so on until each player in the files has taken part4 ,the file wins whose last player is first to get back to the starting line after placing the last club4 ,in case of a tie1 the last three players from the tied files may be required to repeat the play4 ,this is one of the best games for training in self-control1 and a teacher should strictly enforce the rules4 ,any player starting over the line before the signal1 or standing with the foot beyond it before starting1 should go back and start over again4 ,whenever a club falls down1 or is not placed on the cross or in the circle1 the player who placed it must go back and stand it upright or it counts as a foul4 ,i ,,say1 ,,stoop6 #e to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,this game is a variation of the old familiar game ,simon says1 but calls for much more activity than the latter game4 ,the players stand in a circle1 and in front of them the leader or teacher4 ,the teacher says quickly1 ,i say1 stoop6 and immediately stoops himself and rises again1 somewhat as in a courtesy4 ,the players all imitate the action2 but when the leader says1 ,i say1 stand6 at the same time stooping himself1 the players should remain standing4 ,any who make a mistake and stoop when the leader says1 ,i say1 stand6 are out of the game4 ,this may be made a very amusing little game to fill in a few dull moments1 and when used in the schoolroom1 it serves to refresh tired minds very quickly4 ,the leader should speak and move very rapidly and make unexpected variations in the order in which the two commands are given4 ,i ,,spy 7,see ,hide and ,seek for list of other games of this type47 #c to #cj or more players4 ,out of doors2 indoors4 ,one player is chosen to be the spy1 who blinds his eyes at a central goal while the other players scatter and hide4 ,the spy counts one hundred1 upon the completion of which he announces his readiness to take up the hunt by shouting aloud3-- ,one1 two1 three6 ,look out for me1 ,for ,i am coming and ,i can see6 ,or he may shout only the word ,coming6 as he leaves the goal1 or merely the last count1 ,one hundred6 ,the spy endeavors to detect as many hidden players as possible1 and for each player must dash back to the goal1 hit it three times1 and call out1 ,one1 two1 three for ----1 naming the player4 ,should he make a mistake in identity1 the player really seen and the one named by mistake are both free and may return to the goal without further danger4 ,as soon1 however1 as a player knows he has been detected by the spy1 he should race with the latter for the goal1 and should he reach it first1 should hit it three times and call out1 ,one1 two1 three for me6 ,any player who can thus make the goal after the spy has started on his hunt may save himself in this way1 whether he has been detected or not4 ,should all of the players save themselves in this way1 the same spy must blind for the next game4 ,this1 however1 seldom happens4 ,the first one caught by the spy1 that is1 the first one for whom he touches the goal1 becomes spy for the next game4 ,,jack ,,be ,,nimble #aj to #fj players4 ,indoors2 out of doors2 schoolroom4 ,this game is suitable for very little children4 ,some small object about six or eight inches high is placed upright on the floor to represent a candlestick4 ,this may be a small box1 a book1 bottle1 or anything that will stand upright2 or a cornucopia of paper may be made to answer the purpose4 ,the players run in single file and jump with both feet at once over the candlestick1 while all repeat the old rhyme3-- ,jack be nimble1 ,jack be quick1 ,and ,jack jump over the candlestick4 ,when there are more than ten players1 it is advisable to have several candlesticks and several files running at once4 ,in the schoolroom there should be a candlestick for each two rows of players1 and these should encircle one row of seats as they run4 ,,jacob ,,and ,,rachel #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 parlor4 ,all of the players but two form a circle with clasped hands4 ,the two odd players are placed in the center1 one of them1 ,jacob1 being blindfolded4 ,the object of the game is for ,jacob to catch the other player1 ,rachel1 by the sound of her voice2 but ,rachel is supposed to be rather coy1 and to do all in her power to avoid being caught by ,jacob1 even though she answer his questions4 ,jacob begins the game by asking1 ,rachel1 where art thou8 ,rachel replies1 ,here am ,i1 ,jacob1 and immediately tiptoes to some other point in the ring1 trying to evade ,jacob's outstretched hands as he gropes for her4 ,rachel may stoop to evade being caught1 or may dash from one side of the ring to the other1 or resort to any tactics except leaving the ring4 ,jacob may repeat his question whenever he wishes1 and ,rachel must answer each time4 ,when ,rachel is caught1 ,jacob returns to the ring1 ,rachel is blindfolded and chooses a new ,jacob1 this time taking the aggressive part and seeking him with the question1 ,where art thou1 ,jacob8 etc4 ,when the game is played by both boys and girls1 the names are used properly1 but where all boys or all girls are playing1 the same names are used1 but one of the party is personated by a player of the opposite sex4 ,,japanese ,,crab ,,race #b to #fj or more players4 ,gymnasium2 playground4 ,if there be but few players for this game1 it may be played as a simple race1 without the relay feature1 as here described4 ,for large numbers the relay idea will be advisable4 ,the players are lined up behind a starting line1 in from two to five single files1 each containing the same number4 ,opposite each file1 at a distance of from twenty-five to forty feet1 there should be drawn a circle about three feet in diameter4 ,the game consists in a race run backward on feet and hands 7or all fours7 to the circles4 ,to start1 the first player in each file gets in position1 with his heels on the starting line and his back to the circle for which he is to run2 and all start together at a signal1 the player who first reaches his circle scoring one point for his team4 ,others follow in turn4 ,until one has tried this1 it would be difficult to realize how thoroughly the sense of direction and the power to guide one's movements are lost while running in such a position4 ,it is one of the jolliest possible games for the gymnasium4 ,,japanese ,,tag #d to #fj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,one player is chaser1 or ,it1 and tries to touch or tag all of the other players1 the one tagged then becoming chaser4 ,in this form of the game1 however1 whenever a player is touched or tagged1 he must place his left hand on the spot touched1 whether it be his back1 knee1 elbow1 ankle1 or any other part of the body1 and in that position must chase the other players4 ,he is relieved of this position only when he succeeds in tagging some one else4 ,as in other tag games where there are large numbers of players1 several players may take the part of the tagger1 or ,it1 at the same time4 ,,johnny ,,ride ,a ,,pony #aj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this is a game of leapfrog4 ,the players are divided into two even parties1 except for one leader1 one party being the ponies and the other the riders1 or ,johnnies4 ,the ponies form one long back as follows3 one player stands upright against a wall or fence2 the first back stoops in front of this leader1 bracing his head against him2 the other players grasp each the waist of the player in front1 and stoop with the heads against him or turned to one side 7away from the jumper74 ,when the backs 7ponies7 are ready1 the riders all run toward them from the side1 each rider vaulting from the side on to the back of one pony4 ,the ponies try in every way1 except by straightening up1 to throw their riders while the leader counts fifty4 ,if a rider be made to touch even one foot to the ground1 the ponies have won and score a point1 the riders exchanging places with them4 ,if the ponies fail in this attempt1 they must be ponies again4 ,the side wins which has the highest score at the end4 ,,jumping ,,relay ,,race #aj to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,the players are lined up in several single files behind a starting line which is drawn at from ten to fifty feet from a finishing line which should be parallel to it4 ,at a signal the first players in each file1 who have been standing with their toes on the starting line1 jump forward with both feet at once and continue the jumping to the finish line1 when they turn and run back to the starting line4 ,each player1 on returning to the starting line1 should touch the hand of the next player in his file1 who should be toeing the line ready to start1 and should begin jumping as soon as his hand is touched by the return player4 ,the first jumper goes at once to the foot of the line1 which moves up one place each time that a jumper starts out1 so that the next following player will be in position on the line4 ,the file wins whose last player first gets back to the starting line4 ,illustration3 ,,jumping ,,rope ,,on ,,the ,,roof ,,playground ,,of ,a ,,public ,,school ,,jumping ,,rope 7,skipping7 #c to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,jumping a rope is admirable for both boys and girls1 combining much skill with invigorating exercise4 ,it should always be done on the toes1 with a spring in the ankles and knees to break the jar1 and should not be carried to a point of exhaustion4 ,it may be made one of the most interesting competitive games for large numbers1 lined up in relay formation and jumping in turn over a long rope4 ,there should then be one rope for each line4 ,a score should be kept for each team1 each feat successfully performed by a player scoring one point for his or her team4 ,for each round1 each player in all teams should perform the same feat4 ,the different series following are for3-- ,i4 ,small single rope4 ,,ii4 ,one large rope4 ,,iii4 ,two large ropes4 ,,iv4 ,large single rope and small individual rope4 ,the small single rope or individual rope should be about six feet long for the average player4 ,a good general rule is to have it just long enough to reach to the shoulders on each side while the player is standing on it4 ,a rope not made with handles at the ends should have a knot tied at either end1 to prevent untwisting and to give a firm hold4 ,every jumper knows how to twist the ends around the hands to make shorter a rope that is too long4 ,a long rope should be heavy and from ten to twenty feet in length4 ,it should be turned by two players while one or more jump1 as indicated4 ,when not used for athletic competition1 any player failing in the jumping should change places with one of the turners2 that is1 should take an end4 ,i4 ,small ,single ,rope #a4 ,standing in one place1 the jumper turns the rope forward and jumps on the toes of both feet for from ten to twenty-five counts4 ,prolonged jumping beyond this number to the point of exhaustion should not be done4 #b4 ,standing in one place1 jump five counts on one foot and then five on the other4 #c4 ,jump as in #a and #b1 but turn the rope backward instead of forward4 #d4 ,running and skipping1 the rope turned forward4 #e4 ,running and skipping1 the rope turned backward4 #f4 ,running and skipping1 one player in the rope and two others running and turning the rope4 ,the one who is skipping repeats the verse3-- ,butterfly1 butterfly1 turn around2 ,butterfly1 butterfly1 touch the ground2 ,butterfly1 butterfly1 show your shoe2 ,butterfly1 butterfly1 twenty-three to do4 #g4 ,all of the above with two jumpers1 each turning one end of the rope1 the inner hands resting on each other's shoulders4 #h4 ,as in #g1 but with two jumpers1 one standing behind the other instead of side by side1 a hand of the rear jumper being placed on a hip of the one in front4 ,each turns one end of the rope4 ,,ii4 ,one ,large ,rope #a4 ,the rope should be turned toward the jumper1 who should run under4 #b4 ,rope turned away from the jumper1 who runs under4 #c4 ,run in2 jump once and run out on the opposite side2 the rope turned toward jumper4 #d4 ,run in1 jump once1 run out on the opposite side2 rope turned away from jumper4 #e4 ,repeat #c and #d1 jumping five or more times before running out4 #f4 ,run in1 jump once1 and run out backward4 #g4 ,the player runs in and jumps while the turners say1 ,salt1 pepper1 mustard1 cider1 vinegar1 increasing the speed with which the rope is turned as the word vinegar is said4 #h4 ,rock the ,cradle4 ,the turners of the rope do not make a complete circle with it1 but swing it from side to side in a pendulum motion4 ,in this position the player runs in and jumps from one to five times and runs out on the other side4 #i4 ,run in 7a7 with the rope turned toward the jumper1 and then 7b7 away from the jumper1 and jump five times and run out1 the hands meanwhile being placed in some particular position1 such as held out sideways at shoulder level1 clasped behind1 placed on the shoulders1 or head1 or hips1 etc4 #aj4 ,run in1 first with the rope turned toward the jumper and then away from the jumper1 and jump in various ways--as on both feet at once2 on one foot2 on the other foot2 on alternate feet with a rocking step1 changing from one foot to the other4 #aa4 ,chase the ,fox4 ,the jumpers1 instead of taking single turns until each has missed1 choose a leader or fox who goes through the various jumps as described1 all of the others following in single file4 ,for instance1 the fox runs under the rope without skipping the others all follow4 ,the fox then turns and runs back2 the others follow4 ,the fox runs in and takes any of the jumps described above and runs out1 the others in turn following4 #ab4 ,repeat all of the above jumps1 running in in pairs1 threes1 etc4 #ac4 ,calling in4 ,a player runs in and jumps three times1 calling some one in by name on the second jump4 ,they jump once together1 and the first player runs out on the opposite side4 ,the second player1 in turn1 calls some one in on his second jump1 etc4 #ad4 ,a player runs in1 calls some one in on the first jump1 and continues jumping to five and then runs out4 ,the player called in calls another on his first jump1 etc41 until there are five jumping at one time4 ,it will probably be necessary for players to run out on opposite sides4 #ae4 ,begging4 ,two players run into the rope and jump together side by side4 ,while jumping1 they change places4 ,one player starts this by saying1 ,give me some bread and butter2 and the other1 while changing1 answers1 ,try my next-door neighbor4 ,this is continued until one trips4 #af4 ,a player runs in1 turns halfway around in two jumps1 and runs out on the same side4 #ag4 ,a player runs in1 turns all the way around in two jumps1 and runs out on the opposite side4 #ah4 ,winding the ,clock4 ,a player runs in1 counts consecutively from one to twelve1 turning halfway around each time1 and then runs out4 #ai4 ,drop the ,handkerchief4 ,a player runs in1 and while skipping1 drops his handkerchief1 and on the next jump picks it up again1 reciting the lines3-- ,lady1 lady1 drop your handkerchief2 ,lady1 lady1 pick it up4 #bj4 ,baking ,bread4 ,a player runs in with a stone in his hand1 and while jumping places it on the ground1 straightens up1 picks up the stone again1 and runs out4 #ba4 ,a player runs in and works his way while skipping toward one end of the rope4 ,he says to the turner at that end1 ,father1 give me the key4 ,the turner says1 ,go to your mother4 ,the player then jumps to the opposite end of the rope and says1 ,mother1 give me the key2 and the turner at that end answers1 ,go to your father4 ,this is continued a certain number of times1 or until the player trips4 ,,iii4 ,two ,large ,ropes ,in this series two ropes are turned at one time1 and this requires considerable skill on the part of the turners and a great deal on the part of the jumpers4 ,when two ropes are turned inward toward each other1 the turn is called ,double ,dodge1 or ,double ,dutch4 ,when the two ropes are turned outward1 away from each other1 the turn is called ,french ,rope4 #a4 ,while the two ropes are turned inward1 the players run in1 jump1 or skip over each rope in turn as it comes1 and run out on the opposite side4 #b4 ,number one is repeated1 taking the fancy jumps described under #a for the single rope4 #c4 ,the two ropes are turned outward1 and the players run in1 jump1 and run out1 as described above4 #d4 ,chase the ,fox4 ,this is played with the ropes turning either ,double ,dodge1 or ,french ,rope1 and any of the fancy jumps mentioned previously are taken1 the players going through in single file1 following a leader1 the fox1 who chooses the feat which all are to perform4 ,,iv4 ,large ,single ,rope and ,small ,individual ,rope ,while two turners keep the large rope turning1 a player turning and skipping his own small rope goes through the following feats3-- #a4 ,the player stands in and jumps five times1 both the large and small ropes starting together4 ,he then runs out forward4 #b4 ,while turning and skipping his own individual rope1 the player runs under the large rope4 #c4 ,the player runs in while his own rope is turning1 jumps five times1 and runs out on the opposite side4 #d4 ,the player stands in1 jumps five times1 and runs out backward4 #e4 ,the player runs in while turning his individual rope backward1 jumps three times1 and runs out4 #f4 ,a player jumps in the large rope1 at the same time turning and jumping in his own individual rope4 ,another player runs in1 facing him1 in the small rope1 jumps with him1 and then runs out again without stopping either rope4 ,,jump ,,the ,,shot 7,sling ,shot7 #aj to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,for this game a shot bag1 such as is used to weight the ends of the rope that is drawn over jump standards1 may be used1 and the game takes its name from this4 ,this bag1 however1 being heavy and hard1 may lead to accidents by hitting the ankles of players1 and other things are more desirable unless the players be expert4 ,a bean bag1 sand1 or oat bag will do just as well1 tied to the end of a rope4 ,the players stand in a circle1 with one in the center holding a rope with a weight on the end4 ,the center player swings the rope around to describe a large circle on the floor1 with a sufficient length of rope to place the bag in line with the feet of those in the circle4 ,the circle players jump to avoid being caught around the ankles by the rope4 ,any one caught in this way must retire from the circle1 the player winning who longest retains his place4 ,,kaleidoscope 7,flower ,garden7 #e to #cj or more players4 ,schoolroom2 parlor2 playground4 ,this is a quiet game1 and makes a pleasant and restful change from more active games4 ,it may be correlated with geography1 history1 literature1 and many other subjects4 ,the players are all seated1 with the exception of from four to six1 who stand in a line in front of their fellows1 each being given1 or choosing1 the name of a color1--red1 violet1 green1 etc4 ,the players who are seated then close their eyes1 and those who represent colors change places in the line4 ,when they are rearranged1 those who are seated open their eyes1 and being called upon individually1 try to name the colors in their new arrangement1 the game being a test of memory4 ,,in ,,the ,,schoolroom1 and for little children1 to give more activity the colors should scatter and run around the room after being named1 halting on a signal4 ,the player who is to name them then runs around the room to the different ones as they stand scattered in this way1 naming each as he reaches him4 ,,correlation4--,this game may be correlated with any academic subject in which familiarity with proper names is desired2 as in ,history4--,by using the names of generals or statesmen from a given period instead of the colors4 ,geography4--,the names of capital cities1 states1 rivers1 etc4 ,literature4--,the names of the works of a given author2 of the authors of a period1 or of the characters in a book or play4 ,nature study4--,the names of birds1 trees1 flowers1 or any other branch of nature study may be used4 ,,lady ,,of ,,the ,,land #d to #aj players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this is one of the old dramatic games in which various parts are enacted by the different players4 ,one player takes the part of a lady and stands alone on one side4 ,another represents a mother1 and the balance are children1 from two to eight in number1 whom the mother takes by the hand on either side of her1 and approaches the lady1 repeating the following verse2 the children may join with her in this if desired3-- ,here comes a widow from ,sandalam1 ,with all her children at her hand2 ,the one can bake1 the other can brew ,the other can make a lily-white shoe2 ,another can sit by the fire and spin2 ,so pray take one of my daughters in4 ,the lady then chooses one of the children1 saying3-- ,the fairest one that ,i can see ,is pretty ,mary2 come to me4 ,mother3-- ,i leave my daughter safe and sound1 ,and in her pocket a thousand pound4 ,don't let her ramble2 don't let her trot2 ,don't let her carry the mustard pot4 ,the mother then retires with the other children1 leaving the daughter chosen with the lady4 ,this daughter sits down behind or beside the lady4 ,as the mother retires1 the lady says1 under her breath1 so that the mother may not hear3-- ,she shall ramble1 she shall trot2 ,she shall carry the mustard pot4 ,this entire play is repeated until all of the children have been chosen and left with the lady4 ,the mother then retires alone1 and after an interval in which several days are supposed to have elapsed1 calls to see her children4 ,the lady tells her she cannot see them4 ,the mother insists1 and the lady finally takes her to where they are sitting4 ,the mother goes to one child and asks how the lady has treated her4 ,the child answers1 ,she cut off my curls and made a curl pie and never gave me a bit of it6 ,the mother asks the next child1 who says she cut off her ear or fingers1 etc41 and made a pie1 not giving her a bit of it4 ,when all have told the mother what the lady has done to them1 they all rise up and chase the lady2 when captured1 she is led off to prison4 ,this is one of the oldest traditional dramatic games1 and is found in some form in almost all countries4 ,sometimes the mother is supposed to be poor1 and bestows her children upon the wealthy lady of the land for adoption4 ,it is thought possibly to have come from the country practice in ,european countries of hiring servants at fairs4 ,,lame ,,fox ,,and ,,chickens #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,one player is chosen for the fox1 and stands in a den marked off at one end of the playground4 ,the rest are chickens1 and have a chicken yard at the opposite end of the ground4 ,the chickens advance as near as they dare to the den of the fox and tease him by calling out3 ,lame fox6 ,lame fox6 ,can't catch anybody6 ,the lame fox may take only three steps beyond his den1 after which he must hop on one foot1 trying to tag the chickens while hopping4 ,all tagged become foxes and go home with him1 thereafter sallying forth with him to catch the chickens4 ,they must all then observe the same rule of taking but three steps beyond the den1 after which they must hop4 ,should any fox put both feet down at once after his three steps while outside the den1 the chickens may drive him back4 ,care should be taken that the hopping be not always done on the same foot1 though a fox may change his hopping from one foot to the other4 ,the chicken last caught wins the game and becomes the first lame fox in the new game4 ,where more than thirty players are engaged1 the game should start with two or more foxes4 ,this game has sometimes been called ,lame ,goose4 ,it is admirable for players of all ages1 but1 like all dare games1 is especially good to overcome timidity4 ,timid children should be encouraged to venture near the fox and to take risks in giving their challenge4 ,,last ,,couple ,,out 7,widower2 ,last ,pair ,pass7 #aa to #ca or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,an odd number of players is required for this game4 ,one is chosen for catcher1 who stands at one end of the playground with his back to the other players4 ,the other players stand in couples in a long line behind him1 facing in the same direction that he does4 ,the catcher should be not less than ten feet in front of the first couple4 ,the catcher calls1 ,last couple out6 when the last pair in the line runs toward the front1 the right-hand one on the right side of the double line1 and the left-hand one on the left side1 and try to join hands in front of the catcher4 ,the catcher may not chase them before they are in line with him1 and may not turn his head to see when or from where the runners are coming4 ,they should try to gain their end by varying the method of approach1 sometimes both circling far out beyond him on either side1 or one of them doing this and the other running in close toward the lines4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,last ,,couple ,,out ,if the catcher succeeds in catching one of the players before that player can clasp hands with his partner1 these two1 catcher and caught1 form a couple and take their places at the head of the line1 which should move backward one place to make room for them1 and the other player of the running couple becomes catcher4 ,if neither be caught1 they are free2 i4e4 out of the game4 ,in the ,scotch and ,swedish forms of this game1 the title is ,widow or ,widower1 the catcher supposedly taking the part of the bereaved one and trying to get a mate4 ,it has been suggested that the game has descended from old methods of marriage by capture4 ,,last ,,man #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,this is a schoolroom adaptation of the game usually known as ,three ,deep1 or ,third ,man4 ,it is one of the most interesting and popular schoolroom games4 ,one player is chosen to be runner and another chaser4 ,the remaining players are seated4 ,the game starts with quite a distance between runner and chaser4 ,the first object of the game is for the chaser to tag 7touch7 the runner4 ,should he do this1 they immediately change parts1 the previous chaser having to flee instantly for safety with the previous runner1 now chaser1 after him4 ,the greatest sport of the game comes in1 however1 in the way the runner may save himself at any time from being tagged by the chaser by standing at the rear of any row of seats and calling ,last man6 ,as soon as he does this1 the one sitting in the front row of that line of seats becomes liable to tagging by the chaser1 and must instantly get up and run4 ,as soon as he has left his seat1 the entire line moves forward one seat1 leaving a seat at the rear for the last man4 ,there may be no moving of this kind1 however1 until the runners are out of the aisle4 ,as in all running games in the class room1 the seated players must keep their feet under the desks and out of the aisles4 ,it will be seen that all of the players must be very alert to watch the actions of the runner1 but especially those sitting in the front seats1 as at any moment one of them may have to become runner4 ,the last man must never fail to call out the words ,last man6 when he takes his stand at the rear of a row of seats4 ,he is not considered to have taken refuge until he does this4 ,,leader ,,and ,,footer #ej to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this is a leapfrog game4 ,one player is chosen to be back1 and he chooses a leader1 generally the poorest jumper1 and a footer--the best jumper4 ,a starting or taw line is drawn on the ground and the back stands with his side parallel to it4 ,the other players line up in single file at some distance1 with the leader at the head and the footer at the rear of the line4 ,the footer dictates the way in which the back is to be cleared and his distance from taw4 ,for instance1 he may1 having put a long distance between the back and the line1 require a run of a limited number of steps1 or a hop and skip 7specifying the number71 before the jump4 ,the leader makes the first jump as prescribed by footer1 and the others1 in turn1 including the footer4 ,any player failing in the feat becomes back4 ,any player who is doubtful of success may call upon the footer to perform the feat4 ,if the footer fails1 he becomes the back4 ,if the challenge be successfully met1 the one making the challenge becomes back4 ,,leapfrog ,the back4--,any player who bends over to make a back for others to leap over is called the back4 ,he must rest his hands on his knees or near them to make a firm back4 ,it is against the rules for any player making a back to throw up his back or bend it lower while a player is leaping over it2 but each player1 before jumping1 may say ,high back6 or ,low back6 which the one who is down must adjust before the jumper starts4 ,he then must do his best to keep the back perfectly level and still1 unless the game calls for a different kind of play4 ,in some games the back stands with his back toward the jumpers1 and in others with his side toward them4 ,if he is to stand on a certain line1 he must heel it if with his back toward them1 or1 if his side be toward them1 stand with one foot on either side of the line4 ,the jumper4--,the player who leaps must lay his hands flat on the back at the shoulders and not knuckle1 i4e4 double under his fingers4 ,any player transgressing this rule must change places with the back4 ,the back must be cleared without touching him with the foot or any part of the body except the hands4 ,such a touch is called spurring1 and the transgressor must change places with the back if the latter stands upright before the next player can jump over him4 ,if he does not stand upright in time1 he remains back4 ,when a leap is made from a starting line or taw1 the jumper may not put his foot more than half over the line4 ,good jumpers will land on the toes with knees bent and backs upright1 not losing the balance4 ,the leapfrog games here given in alphabetic order include3-- ,i4 ,,with ,,one ,,back3 ,,ii4 ,,with ,,two ,,or ,,more ,,backs3 ,leader and ,footer ,bung the ,bucket ,leapfrog ,johnny ,ride a ,pony ,leapfrog ,race ,cavalry ,drill ,par ,saddle the ,nag ,spanish ,fly ,skin the ,goat ,,leapfrog #b to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,the first player makes a back1 standing either with his back or his side toward the one who is to leap over4 ,the next player runs1 leaps over the back1 runs a few steps forward so as to allow space for a run between himself and the first player1 and in his turn stoops over and makes a back4 ,this makes two backs4 ,the third player leaps over the first back1 runs and leaps over the second1 runs a short distance and makes a third back1 etc41 until all the players are making backs1 when the first one down takes his turn at leaping1 and so on indefinitely4 ,,variation4--,this may be made much more difficult by each player moving only a few feet in advance of the back over which he has leaped1 as this will then leave no room for a run between the backs1 but means a continuous succession of leaps by the succeeding players4 ,,leapfrog ,,race #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,the players are lined up in two or more single files1 as for the simplest form of leapfrog1 but the game is a race between the different files4 ,the first player takes his place on the starting or taw line and makes a back1 with his head away from the file4 ,the next player immediately jumps over and makes a back one pace forward of the first player4 ,the third jumps over the backs of the two and makes a third back1 and so on until all are down1 when the first player jumps over all in succession1 but steps one side when he has vaulted over the last back4 ,the others all follow4 ,the line wins which is first reduced to one player in the position of back4 ,in other words1 when every player in the line has jumped over the back of every other player4 ,a burlesque on this game1 which has in it some good sport and exercise1 consists in crawling between the feet of the players instead of jumping over their backs4 ,this may be done for every player in the line1 or the two methods alternated1 leaping over the back of one1 crawling between the feet of the next1 etc4 ,,letting ,,out ,,the ,,doves #c to #cj players4 ,in doors or out of doors4 ,this game is particularly suitable for young children4 ,the players stand in groups of three4 ,one in each group1 usually the smallest1 represents a dove2 one a hawk1 larger than the dove or a swifter runner2 and the third the owner of the birds4 ,the dove stands in front of the owner1 holding her by the hand4 ,the hawk stands behind1 also held by the hand4 ,the owner throws the dove from her with a gesture of the hand1 first toward herself and then away1 as a dove might be tossed for flight in the air1 and the little dove sails away1 with arms floating like wings4 ,when the dove has a sufficient start1 so that the larger and swifter hawk may not get her too easily1 the owner throws the hawk in the same way4 ,the hawk runs with outstretched arms also as though flying1 and tries to catch the dove1 but is obliged to run over exactly the same route as the dove4 ,at her discretion the owner claps her hands as a signal for the two pet birds to return to her1 the dove trying to get back without being caught by the hawk4 ,the clapping for the return of the birds is always done with hollowed palms to make a deep sound4 ,the owner gives this when the dove has reached the farthest point to which she thinks it best for her to go1 the judgment for this being determined sometimes by the gaining of the hawk on his prey4 ,the dove may not turn to come home until the signal be heard4 ,it is well to make an imaginative atmosphere for little children for this game by telling them of the way doves and hawks are trained as pets4 ,this game is played by little girls in ,china1 and is one reported by ,dr4 ,headland in his charming book on the ,chinese ,boy and ,girl4 ,some additional points are given here1 kindly supplied by ,dr4 ,headland to the author4 ,,lost ,,child 7,,the7 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,schoolroom2 parlor2 playground2 gymnasium4 ,this is a quiet game designed to test the memory1 and makes an interesting variation when players are tired of active games4 ,the players are all seated1 with the exception of one1 who is sent from the room4 ,or if the game be played in an open playground1 this one player may blind his eyes in a corner of a wall or fence or behind a bush4 ,when this player is well out of sight and hearing1 the leader or teacher beckons one of the players1 who leaves the group and hides4 ,if in the schoolroom1 this may be done under the teacher's desk or in a wardrobe4 ,the rest of the players then change their seats1 and the one who is blinding is called back and tries to tell which player is hidden4 ,when successful1 this first guesser may be seated and another chosen to blind4 ,otherwise the first guesser blinds again4 ,,master ,,of ,,the ,,ring #b to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,a circle is drawn on the ground4 ,the players stand shoulder to shoulder inside the circle1 with arms folded either on the chest or behind the back4 ,the play starts on a signal1 and consists in trying to push one's neighbor with the shoulders out of the circle4 ,any player overstepping the line drawn on the ground drops out of the game4 ,any player who unfolds his arms or falls down is also out of the game4 ,the ,master of the ,ring is he who in the end vanquishes all of the others4 ,,maze ,,tag 7,line ,tag2 ,right ,face7 #ae to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 house party4 ,all but two of the players stand in parallel lines or ranks1 one behind the other1 with ample space between each two players and each two ranks2 all the players in each rank clasp hands in a long line4 ,this will leave aisles between the ranks1 and through these a runner and chaser make their way4 ,the sport of the game consists in sudden changes in the direction of the aisles1 brought about by one player who is chosen as leader and stands aside1 giving the commands1 ,right face6 or ,left face6 at his discretion4 ,when one of these commands is heard1 all of the players standing in the ranks drop hands1 face in the direction indicated1 and quickly clasp hands with the players who are then their neighbors on the right and left4 ,this brings about a change of direction in the aisles1 and therefore necessitates a change of direction in the course of the two who are running4 ,the success of the game depends largely upon the judgment of the leader in giving the commands1 ,right 7or left7 face6 ,they should be given quickly and repeatedly1 the leader often choosing a moment when the pursuer seems just about to touch his victim1 when the sudden obstruction put in his way by the change in the position of the ranks makes necessary a sudden change of direction on his part4 ,the play continues until the chaser catches his victim1 or until a time limit has expired4 ,in either case two new players are then chosen from the ranks to take the places of the first runners4 ,it is a foul to break through the ranks or to tag across the clasped hands4 ,,menagerie #aj to #fj or more players4 ,indoors4 ,this game may be one of the funniest possible for a house party4 ,the players sit around the room or in a circle4 ,one player who has ready wit is chosen to be ringmaster1 or there may be different showmen or ringmasters for each group of animals4 ,the ringmaster takes his place in the center1 and will be more effective if furnished with a whip4 ,he shows off in turn different troops of animals1 pointing out from two to eight players for each troop1 according to the number who are taking part4 ,these must come forth into the center of the ring and go through their paces as indicated by the showman4 ,he may thus display the growling and clawing bear1 the hopping and croaking frog1 the leaping kangaroo1 the roaring and ramping lion1 the humped camel1 the stubborn and braying donkey1 the screaming and wing-flapping eagle1 the hooking and mooing cow1 the neighing and galloping horse1 etc4 ,for instance1 the ringmaster may say3 ,ladies and gentlemen3 ,i will now exhibit to you a marvelous troup of snorting hippopotami4 ,such graceful carriage has never before been seen in these ponderous animals4 ,they have learned to gambol in our ,northern clime with even greater grace than they showed in their native jungles4 ,they show almost human intelligence4 ,sit up there6 7cracking his whip7 ,snort to the right6 ,snort to the left6 etc4 ,when all of the animals in the menagerie have been displayed1 they may all join in a circus parade1 each retaining his distinctive character4 ,,midnight 7,twelve ,o'clock at ,night7 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 classroom4 ,one player is the fox and the others sheep4 ,the fox may catch the sheep only at midnight4 ,the game starts with the fox standing in a den marked in one corner of the playground1 and the sheep in a sheepfold marked in the diagonally opposite corner4 ,the fox leaves his den and wanders about the meadow 7playground71 whereupon the sheep also come forth and scatter around1 approaching as close to the fox as they dare4 ,they keep asking him1 ,what time is it8 and he answers with any hour he chooses4 ,should he say ,three o'clock1 or ,eleven o'clock1 etc41 they are safe2 but when he says ,midnight6 they must run for the sheepfold as fast as possible1 the fox chasing them4 ,any sheep caught changes places with the fox1 and the game is repeated4 ,when played in a class room1 only a few children should be selected for sheep4 ,this game is enjoyed by children of almost any age4 ,it affords an excellent opportunity for daring and for finesse4 ,timid children should be encouraged to take risks1 approaching near the fox1 and surrounding him on all sides4 ,all should be taught to make the chase varied and difficult for the fox1 instead of running in a straight line for the goal4 ,the fox has opportunity for much stratagem in choosing for the moment when he says ,midnight6 one in which the players are standing where he could easily catch or corner them4 ,he may also gain advantage by appearing to start in one direction and suddenly changing to another4 ,these elements add zest to the game1 cultivate prowess1 and make the children brighter and more alert4 ,,moon ,,and ,,morning ,,stars #e to #bj players4 ,out of doors4 ,this game is played when the sun is shining4 ,one of the players is the moon1 and takes her place in a large area of shadow1 such as would be cast by a large tree or a house4 ,as the moon belongs to the night1 she may not go out into the sunshine4 ,the other players are morning stars1 and as they belong to the daylight1 their place is in the sun4 ,the morning stars dance around in the sunlight1 venturing occasionally into the shadow where the moon is1 saying-- ,o the ,moon and the ,morning ,stars1 ,o the ,moon and the ,morning ,stars6 ,who dares to tread--,oh1 ,within the shadow8 ,the moon tries to catch or tag them while they are in the shadow4 ,any star so caught changes places with the moon4 ,this game is played by the little ,spanish children4 ,,mother1 ,,may ,i ,,go ,,out ,,to ,,play8 ,this is one of the old traditional dramatic games and is found in many countries4 ,one player represents a mother1 and the rest are her children1 and stand in front of her in a line4 ,one or all of them ask the mother the following question1 the mother answering as indicated3-- ,mother1 may ,i go out to play8 ,no1 my child2 it is such a wet day4 ,look how the sun shines1 mother4 ,well1 make three round courtesies and be off away4 ,the children thereupon make three round courtesies by whirling around and dipping down suddenly to spread the skirts out4 ,they then run away and pretend to play4 ,soon they return and knock at the door4 ,the mother asks3-- ,what have you been doing all this time8 ,brushing ,jennie's hair and combing ,jennie's hair4 ,what did you get for it8 ,a silver penny4 ,where's my share of it8 ,the cat ran away with it4 ,where's the cat8 ,in the wood4 ,where's the wood8 ,fire burnt it4 ,where's the fire8 ,moo cow drank it4 ,where's the moo cow8 ,sold it for a silver penny4 ,what did you do with the money8 ,bought nuts with it4 ,what did you do with them8 ,you can have the nutshells1 if you like4 ,the last words being rather disrespectful1 the mother at once chases the children1 calling1 ,where's my share of the silver penny8 ,the players being chased1 reply1 ,you may have the nutshells6 ,the mother thus catches the children1 one after another1 and pretends to punish them4 ,,mother1 ,,mother1 ,,the ,,pot ,,boils ,,over6 #e to #aa players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this is a traditional dramatic game4 ,one player represents an old witch1 another a mother1 another the eldest daughter1 another a pot boiling on the hearth1 and the balance are children1 named for the days of the week1 ,monday1 ,tuesday1 etc4 ,the old witch hides around the corner of a house or other convenient place1 and peeps out1 while the mother says to her eldest daughter1 ,i am going away1 and ,i want you to let nothing happen to your sisters4 ,to the others she says1 ,monday1 you take care of ,tuesday1 and ,tuesday1 you take care of ,wednesday1 etc41 until she comes to the last child1 when she says1 ,and ,saturday1 take care of yourself4 ,then to the eldest1 ,be sure and not let the old witch take any of your sisters4 ,you can also get the dinner1 and be sure not to let the pot boil over4 ,the mother then goes away and stays at a distance out of sight4 ,as soon as the mother has gone1 the old witch1 stooping1 lame1 and walking with a stick1 comes and raps with her knuckles on the supposed door4 ,the eldest daughter says2 ,come in6 ,what do you want8 ,old ,witch4 ,let me light my pipe at your fire2 my fire is out4 ,eldest ,daughter4 ,yes1 if you will not dirty the hearth4 ,old ,witch4 ,no1 certainly2 ,i will be careful4 ,the eldest daughter lets her in and goes about her work1 setting the table or looking on the shelf1 when the old witch suddenly stoops down and blows the ashes on the hearth2 whereupon the pot makes a hissing sound as though boiling over1 and the old witch catches hold of ,monday and runs away with her4 ,the eldest daughter cries out1 ,mother1 mother1 the pot boils over6 ,the mother calls back1 ,take the spoon and skim it4 ,can't find it4 ,look on the shelf4 ,can't reach it4 ,take the stool4 ,leg's broken4 ,take the chair4 ,chair's gone to be mended4 ,mother1 ,i suppose ,i must come myself6 ,the mother then returns1 looks about1 and misses ,monday4 ,where is my ,monday8 she demands of the eldest daughter4 ,the daughter says1 ,under the table4 ,the mother pretends to look under the table1 and calls ,monday6 then says1 ,she isn't there4 ,the daughter suggests various places1 up on the shelf1 down in the cellar1 etc41 with the same result4 ,finally1 the eldest daughter cries and says3 ,oh1 please1 mother1 please6 ,i couldn't help it1 but some one came to beg a light for her pipe1 and when ,i looked for her again she had gone1 and taken ,monday with her4 ,the mother says1 ,why1 that was the old witch6 ,she pretends to beat the eldest daughter1 and tells her to be more careful in the future1 and on no account to let the pot boil over4 ,the eldest daughter weeps1 promises to be better1 and the mother again goes away4 ,the old witch comes again1 and the same thing is repeated until each child in turn has been taken away1 the old witch pretending each time to borrow a different article that is used around the fire1 as the poker1 the kettle1 etc4 ,finally1 the eldest daughter is carried off too4 ,the pot1 which has boiled over with a hissing sound each time the old witch has come to the hearth1 now boils over so long and so loudly that the mother hears it and comes back to see what is the matter4 ,finding the eldest daughter gone too1 the mother goes in search of them to the witch's house4 ,on the way she meets the old witch1 who tries to turn her from her path by speaking of various dangers4 ,the mother asks of her1 ,is this the way to the witch's house8 and the witch replies1 ,there is a red bull that way4 ,i will go this way4 ,there is a mad cow that way4 ,i will go this way4 ,there is a mad dog that way4 ,finally1 the mother insists on entering the witch's house4 ,the witch refuses to let her in1 saying-- ,your shoes are too dirty4 ,i will take them off4 ,your stockings are too dirty4 ,i will take them off4 ,your feet are too dirty4 ,the mother grows angry at this1 pushes her way into the house1 and calls her children4 ,the witch is supposed1 prior to this1 to have cooked the children1 made them into pies1 and put them in a row1 naming them apple pie1 peach pie1 etc4 ,they stand or sit with their faces or heads covered4 ,the mother approaches them and says1 ,you have some pies8 ,the old witch says1 ,yes1 some very nice apple pie4 ,the mother proceeds to taste the apple pie and says1 ,this needs more sugar4 ,the witch pretends to stir in more sugar1 whereupon the mother tastes again and says1 ,why1 this tastes exactly like my child ,monday6 ,monday thereupon uncovers her face and says1 ,it is ,monday6 ,the mother shakes her and says1 ,run away home6 which she does4 ,this is gone through with each pie in turn1 the mother finding them in need of more salt or longer cooking or some other improvement before she discovers in each case one of her children4 ,when all have been sent home1 the mother1 joined by the children1 chases and catches the witch4 ,this is one of the oldest traditional games1 of which many versions are given by ,mrs4 ,gomme and ,mr4 ,newell1 both from ,great ,britain and ,america4 ,several incidents here given the present writer has gathered directly from players of the game4 ,according to ,mrs4 ,gomme1 the game probably illustrates some of the practices and customs associated with fire worship1 worship of the hearth1 and ancient house ritual4 ,the magic pot boils over when anything is wrong and as a warning to the mother that she is needed4 ,the incident of the witch taking a light from the hearth is very significant1 as1 according to an old superstition1 the giving of a brand from a hearth gave the possessor power over the inmates of the house4 ,the sullying of the hearth by the old witch in blowing the ashes has also an ancient significance1 as fairies were said to have power over inmates of a house where the hearth or threshold had been sullied4 ,,my ,,lady',s ,,toilet #aj to #cj or more players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom4 ,this a ,french form of a game known in ,america as ,spin the ,platter4 ,each of the players is named for some article of ,my ,lady's toilet1 such as her gown1 necklace1 evening coat1 slippers1 bracelet1 etc4 ,all sit in a circle except one1 who stands or crouches in the center and spins a plate or tray1 at the same time saying1 ,my ,lady wants her necklace2 or names some other article of the toilet4 ,the player representing the article thus named must rush to the center and catch the plate before it stops spinning and falls to the ground4 ,if successful1 the player takes the place of the spinner4 ,if unsuccessful1 she returns to her place and pays a forfeit1 which is redeemed at the end of the game4 ,the speaker should name the different articles while carrying on a flow of narrative1 as1 for instance3 ,my ,lady1 being invited to a ball at the king's palace1 decided to wear her blue gown4 ,with this she called for her silver slippers1 her white gloves1 her pearl necklace1 and a bouquet of roses4 ,as the evening was quite cool1 she decided to wear her white opera coat1 etc4 ,the speaker will make several opportunities for introducing mention of the ball1 and whenever she says anything about the ball1 all the players must jump up and change places1 the spinner trying to secure one for herself in the general confusion4 ,one odd player will be left without a place1 and she becomes spinner4 ,when boys are playing1 they may appropriately take the parts of carriage1 horses1 footmen1 the escort1 etc4 ,,numbers ,,change 7,see also ,exchange47 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,parlor2 playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,the players stand in a large circle and are numbered consecutively4 ,one player takes his place in the center4 ,he calls two numbers1 and the players whose numbers are called must change places while the center player tries to secure one of their places4 ,the one who is left without a place changes places with the center player4 ,,for ,,the ,,schoolroom4--,this game may be adapted by selecting two players as chasers1 who take their places in the front of the room4 ,these players are not blindfolded1 as in the parlor form of the game4 ,all of the other players are seated1 having been numbered4 ,the teacher calls two numbers1 when the players bearing those numbers must rise at once and exchange seats1 the two chasers trying to catch them before they can get to their seats4 ,when a game is played under these circumstances1 it is not permissible for the chaser to take a vacant seat2 he must catch the player who is running for it4 ,no player1 having once left his own seat1 may return to it1 but must keep up the chase until he is caught or reaches the seat for which he is running4 ,this game gives opportunity for some very lively chasing1 with good running and dodging up and down the aisles4 ,as in all running games in the class room1 the seated players should keep their feet out of the aisles4 ,for young children it may be found desirable to have only one chaser4 ,it generally adds to the interest of the game to have a general exchange of seats at the opening of the game1 immediately after the numbers have been assigned1 and before the chasing is commenced1 as then the person who calls the numbers is at a loss to know how near or distant those called may be in relation to each other1 and this element adds much to the sport of the game4 ,,observation #e to #fj players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom4 ,this game is a test of visual memory4 ,when played in a parlor1 all the players are seated except one1 who passes around a tray or a plate1 on which are from six to twenty objects1 all different4 ,these may include such things as a key1 spool of thread1 pencil1 cracker1 piece of cake1 ink bottle1 napkin ring1 small vase1 etc4 ,the more uniform the size and color of the objects the more difficult will be the test4 ,the player who carries the tray will pass at the pace of an ordinary walk around the circle1 giving each player an opportunity to look at the objects only so long as they are passing before him4 ,it is not allowable to look longer than this4 ,the observer must then at once write down on a slip of paper the names of as many of the objects as he can remember4 ,the player wins who writes correctly the longest list4 ,it is sometimes more convenient to have the articles on a table and the players all pass in a line before them4 ,,in ,,the ,,schoolroom4--,the objects should be placed on the teacher's desk1 so shielded that pupils cannot see them except as they march past the desk4 ,this they should do1 returning at once to their seats and writing the list4 ,used in this way1 the game may be made to correlate with nature study1 the objects to be observed being grasses1 shells1 leaves1 stones1 woods1 etc4 ,,odd ,,man',s ,,cap #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,twelve players make the best-sized group for this game2 where there are more players1 they should be divided into small groups4 ,all but one of the players stand in a circle with considerable space between each two4 ,the odd man stands in the center4 ,each player is provided with a stick about two feet in length2 canes or wands may be used as a substitute1 but the shorter sticks are better2 they may be whittled from branches or bits of wood1 and should not be pointed at the ends4 ,the odd man tosses his cap or a cloth bag toward the circle4 ,the players endeavor to catch it on their sticks1 and keep it moving from one to another1 so as to evade the odd man1 who tries to recover his property4 ,should he succeed1 he changes places with the one from whom he recovered it4 ,the sticks must be kept upright in the air4 ,a dropped cap may be picked up only by hand1 not on a stick4 ,the sticks must always be held upright4 ,an old stiff hat1 or a cap or bag wired around the edge to keep it spread open1 makes the best game4 ,this game holds the interest of the players intently and is full of sport4 ,,old ,,buzzard #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground4 ,this is one of the old dramatic games1 probably better known in ,america than any other of this type4 ,one player is chosen to represent the ,old ,buzzard2 another player represents a hen1 and the remainder are chickens4 ,all the players circle around the buzzard1 saying in chorus3-- ,chickany1 chickany1 crany crow2 ,i went to the well to wash my toe2 ,and when ,i came back a chicken was gone4 ,the hen finishes by asking alone1 ,what o'clock is it1 old buzzard8 ,the buzzard crouches on the ground during the repetition of the verse1 going through the pantomime of building a fire with sticks1 and in answer to the question may name any hour1 as eight o'clock1 nine o'clock1 ten o'clock4 ,so long as the buzzard does not say twelve o'clock1 the players continue to circle around1 repeating the verse1 the final question being asked each time by a different player1 until the buzzard finally says1 ,twelve o'clock6 ,when this occurs1 the ring stands still1 and the following dialogue takes place between the buzzard and the hen3-- ,hen4 ,old buzzard1 old buzzard1 what are you doing8 ,buz4 ,picking up sticks4 ,hen4 ,what do you want the sticks for8 ,buz4 ,to build a fire4 ,hen4 ,what are you building a fire for8 ,buz4 ,to broil a chicken4 ,hen4 ,where are you going to get the chicken8 ,buz4 ,out of your flock6 ,the buzzard1 who keeps a crouching attitude with face downcast during this dialogue1 suddenly rises on the last words and chases the players1 who scatter precipitately4 ,when a player is captured1 the buzzard brings him back1 lays him down1 and dresses him for dinner1 while the rest of the players group around4 ,the buzzard asks of the captured chicken1 ,will you be picked or scraped8 and goes through the motions of picking feathers or scaling fish1 as the chicken decides4 ,the buzzard then asks1 ,will you be pickled or salted8 ,will you be roasted or stewed8 each time administering to the recumbent chicken the appropriate manipulations4 ,at the end he drags the victim to a corner1 and the game goes on with the remainder of the players4 ,,old ,,man ,,tag #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,the players are in groups of two rows each1 which play together4 ,these two rows face away from each other4 ,thus the first and second row will turn respectively to the right and left1 with their feet in the aisles1 toward which they then face4 ,this will leave a free aisle between them1 in which the old man may run about4 ,the third and fourth rows play together1 facing away from each other1 and leaving a free aisle for their old man or tagger4 ,this will bring the second and third rows with their feet in the same aisle4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,old ,,man ,,tag ,for each group one player is selected to be old man or tagger4 ,the teacher gives a signal1 whereupon all of the players stand4 ,the object of the game is for the old man to tag any player who is standing4 ,the players may avoid this by sitting whenever the old man approaches them4 ,should he succeed in tagging any player1 that player must remain seated until the end of the game1 but any player who sits to escape tagging must rise again as soon as the old man has moved away from his vicinity4 ,the player is considered to have won who longest avoids the old man4 ,children are very fond of this game in many grades1 and it may be made very lively1 the old man dodging rapidly up and down his aisle1 and the other players bobbing quickly up and down from their seats4 ,,old ,,woman ,,from ,,the ,,wood 7,for boys1 see ,trades47 #aj to #fj or more players4 ,parlor2 playground2 schoolroom4 ,the players are divided into two even parties1 which face each other from a short distance4 ,one party advances toward the other1 remarking1 ,here comes an old woman from the wood4 ,the second party answers1 ,what canst thee do8 whereupon the old woman replies1 ,do anything6 ,the second party then says1 ,work away6 whereupon all the players in the first party proceed to imitate some occupation in which an old woman might engage1 and which they have previously agreed on among themselves1 such as sewing1 sweeping1 knitting1 digging a garden1 chopping wood1 kneading bread1 stirring cake1 washing1 ironing1 etc4 ,the opposite party tries to guess from this pantomime the occupation indicated4 ,should they guess correctly1 they have a turn to perform in the same way4 ,should they be unable to guess correctly1 the first party retires1 decides on another action1 and returns4 ,this form of the game is generally played by girls4 ,boys play the same game with different dialogue under the name of ,trades4 ,when played in a playground or gymnasium1 where there is free space for running1 a successful guess should be followed by a chase of the actors by the guessing party1 any players caught before a designated goal line is reached having to join the party of their captors4 ,the party wins which secures all of the players4 ,illustration3 ,,oyster ,,shell ,,oyster ,,shell #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,two parallel lines are drawn across the center of the playground1 with a space of ten feet between them1 which is neutral territory4 ,at a considerable distance beyond each line1 and parallel to it1 a second line is drawn1 the space beyond being a refuge for any players of the party belonging to that side4 ,this second line should preferably be at a considerable distance from the starting line1 so as to give plenty of opportunity for a good chase during the game4 ,the players are divided into two equal parties1 which take place one on either side of the neutral territory4 ,each party chooses a color1 light or dark1 corresponding to the light or dark side of an oyster shell or some other small object which is used in the game4 ,a neutral odd player who acts as leader takes his place in the center of the neutral territory and tosses the oyster shell into the air4 ,if there be no such leader available1 the parties may choose captains to toss the shell alternately4 ,the shell is allowed to fall on the ground4 ,if the light side falls upward1 the light party must turn and run for the goal at the opposite end of the ground1 the other party chasing them4 ,any one captured 7tagged7 must carry his captor back to his home goal on his back4 ,a party scores one point for each prisoner caught4 ,these may be easily counted1 as the prisoners carry their victors home pick-a-back4 ,the party first scoring fifty or one hundred points 7according to the number of players7 wins the game2 or the winners may be determined by the largest score when the game ends4 ,because of the carrying home of the victors by the players who are caught1 it is advisable that some means be adopted to have opponents of nearly equal size4 ,this is easily done by having the players line up according to size at the opening of the game and assigned alternately to the different sides4 ,in any event1 the tall players should be placed opposite each other1 and the smaller players vis-a-vis4 ,this game is from the ancient ,greeks1 and is said to have arisen from a custom of exiling wrangling political opponents by writing their names on an oyster shell and sending from the city the one whose name fell uppermost when the shell was tossed4 ,some modern adaptations are here given4 ,,par #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this is a leapfrog game in which the distance of the back from the jumping line is advanced after each round a foot and a half1 measured in a certain way called a par4 ,the game starts with the back at a given distance from the line4 ,after each player has overed1 the back places one foot with the outer edge on the line on which he has been standing1 puts the heel of the other foot against the instep so that the second foot will be at right angles to the first1 and marks a new line at the point where the toes come4 ,the new line is thus the length of one foot in advance of the first line1 plus the width of the other foot at the instep4 ,the players then leap again from the starting line1 and as the back moves farther away1 they add to their leaps each time1 as becomes necessary for the greater distance1 as follows3 7#a7 leap2 7#b7 hop and leap2 7#c7 hop twice and leap2 7#d7 hop three times and leap2 7#e7 hop1 skip1 jump1 and leap4 ,any player failing to over changes places with the back4 ,,partner ,,tag #d to #ajj players4 ,indoors2 out of doors2 schoolroom4 ,all of the players but two hook arms in couples4 ,of the two who are free1 one is ,it or chaser1 and the other the runner4 ,the runner may save himself by locking arms with either member of any couple he chooses4 ,whenever he does so1 the third party of that group becomes runner and must save himself in like manner4 ,if the runner be tagged at any time1 he becomes ,it or chaser2 and the chaser becomes runner4 ,to get the proper sport into this game1 the couples should run and twist and resort to any reasonable maneuver to elude the runner1 who is liable at any time to lock arms with one of them and so make the other a runner4 ,for large numbers there should be more than one runner and chaser4 ,,pebble ,,chase #e to #cj or more players4 ,gymnasium2 playground2 out of doors4 ,one player1 who is the leader1 holds a small pebble between the palms of his hands1 while the others stand grouped around him1 each with his hands extended1 palm to palm4 ,the leader puts his hands between the palms of each player1 ostensibly to drop therein the pebble which he holds1 as in the game called ,button1 button4 ,the player who receives the pebble is chased by the others1 and may only be saved by returning to the leader and giving the pebble to him4 ,this chase may begin as soon as the players suspect who has the pebble4 ,each player should therefore watch intently the hands and faces of the others to detect who gets it1 and immediately that he suspects one1 start to chase him4 ,it is therefore to the interest of the player who gets the pebble to conceal that fact until the attention of the group is distracted from him1 when he may slip away and get a good start before he is detected4 ,he may do this whenever he sees fit1 but may not delay after the leader has passed the last pair of hands4 ,the leader will help to conceal the fact of who has the pebble by passing his hands between those of the entire group1 even though he should have dropped the pebble into the hands of one of the first players4 ,if the pebble holder gets back to the leader and gives him the pebble before being tagged1 he continues with the group4 ,if the pebble holder is caught before he can get back to the leader1 he must pay a forfeit or change places with the leader1 whichever method is decided on before the game opens4 ,in a crowded playground it is well to require that the chasers follow over exactly the same route as the pebble man4 ,under such conditions1 the game is more successful if limited to ten players to a group4 ,this game is from the modern ,greeks4 ,it is found to bear transplanting excellently1 being full of interest and sport4 ,,pinch-,o #e to #cj or more players4 ,gymnasium2 playground4 ,this is a game of chase1 an advancing line 7rank7 of players turning and fleeing from an odd player in front of them when a signal is given4 ,the players in the advancing line pass a ,pinch 7hand pressure7 from one to another along the line1 the end players calling out ,pinch6 and ,o6 respectively at the start and finish of this performance4 ,the ,o is the signal for the chaser to start4 ,the chaser therefore watches the hands carefully to detect the pressure and know when it is approaching the end2 the other players naturally try to conceal this passing of hand pressure1 delaying or hastening it to take the chaser unaware4 ,the player who is ,it walks backward1 being about ten feet in front of the others1 who advance slowly forward in a line1 holding hands4 ,the player on one end of the line calls ,pinch6 and at once squeezes or pinches the hand of the player standing next4 ,this player slightly presses the hand of the one on his other side1 and so on across the line until the pressure is felt by the last player on the opposite end1 who at once calls out ,o6 ,immediately that the ,o is heard1 the entire line is liable to be tagged by the one who is walking backward in front of them1 and they therefore instantly turn and run for home1 a place determined beyond certain boundaries at one end of the ground4 ,the one who is ,it gives chase1 and any one tagged by him must join him in tagging the players when the game is repeated4 ,the game ends when all are caught1 the last player to be caught being the winner1 and taking the part of the odd player for the next round4 ,illustration3 ,,pitch ,,pebble ,,pitch ,,pebble #d to #aj players4 ,out of doors2 seashore4 ,this game may be played with pebbles1 shells1 or nuts1 each player having two or four of such articles4 ,the object of the game is to throw these pebbles into a hole about four inches in diameter1 which should be made in the ground4 ,the first part of the game is concerned with determining the order in which the players shall take turns4 ,ten feet from the hole a place is marked1 from which the players throw in turn until each has had enough turns to have thrown all of his pebbles4 ,the one who has succeeded in landing a pebble nearest the hole becomes the first player1 and takes his stand on a second mark drawn one fourth nearer the hole1 all the players meanwhile having gathered up their pebbles again4 ,these are all given to the successful player1 and he pitches them in a mass toward the hole1 becoming the owner of as many as fall into the hole4 ,any pebbles that do not go in the hole are gathered up by the player who in the original throwing came out second in trying to get near the hole1 and he1 in turn1 throws these in mass1 standing also at the nearer throwing point from which his predecessor threw4 ,all of the players take turns in this way until all of the pebbles have been appropriated4 ,the player wins who gets the most pebbles4 ,pebbles won are not thrown again1 but kept for score4 ,for good players the distances from the hole may be increased4 ,,poison #aj to #cj or more players4 ,gymnasium2 playground2 seashore4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,poison ,a circle is marked on the floor or ground considerably smaller than an outer circle formed by the players1 clasping hands4 ,each player tries1 by pulling or pushing1 to induce the others to step within the smaller circle1 but endeavors to keep out of it himself4 ,any one who touches the ground within the inner circle1 if only with one foot1 is said to be poisoned4 ,as soon as this happens1 the player or players so poisoned become catchers2 the other players shout ,poisoned6 and at once break the circle and run for safety1 which consists in standing on wood4 ,the merest chip will answer1 and growing things are not counted wood4 ,if played in a gymnasium1 iron may give immunity instead of wood4 ,any one caught before reaching safety1 or in changing places afterward1 joins the catchers1 and when all have been caught1 the ring is once more surrounded4 ,,poison ,,snake #aj to #cj or more players4 ,gymnasium2 playground4 ,the players join hands to form a circle4 ,about fifteen ,indian clubs or tenpins are placed in the center of the circle1 with spaces between them in which a player might step4 ,the players then try1 by pushing or pulling their comrades by means of the clasped hands1 to make them knock over the clubs4 ,any player who overturns a club or who unclasps hands must at once leave the circle1 the club being replaced4 ,the first players so leaving start a scrub circle2 players disqualified in the scrub circle start another in their turn1 etc4 ,the player wins who is left in the original circle4 ,where several circles have been formed1 the several winners may form a circle at the close and play to determine the final winner4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,poison ,,snake ,this game has possibilities for much sport and skill4 ,the agility with which players leap over or pass between the clubs is as important a part of the game as the pulling and pushing4 ,the clubs should be sufficiently scattered to make it possible for a player to save himself in this way4 ,children may need to have this feature of the game pointed out to them4 ,the game is equally interesting to children or adults1 but obviously requires gymnasium suits for girls or women4 ,,pom ,,pom ,,pullaway #e to #cj or more players4 ,out of doors4 ,this game is often played between the curbings of a city street1 but is suitable for any open play space which admits of two lines drawn across it with a space of from thirty to fifty feet between them4 ,all players stand on one side behind one of the dividing lines1 except one player who is ,it and who stands in the center of the open ground4 ,he calls any player by name and adds a formula1 as below3-- ,john ,smith1 ,pom ,pom ,pullaway6 ,come away1 or ,i'll fetch you away6 ,whereupon the player named must run across the open space to the safety line on the opposite side1 the one who is ,it trying meanwhile to catch him before he reaches that line4 ,if he gets over safely1 he remains there until all of his comrades have joined him or have been caught4 ,any one caught by the one who is ,it joins the latter in helping to catch other players as they dash across the open space1 but the one originally ,it remains the caller throughout the game4 ,after all of the uncaught players have crossed to one side1 they try in the same way to return to their first goal4 ,the first one to be caught is ,it for the next game4 ,players should give the chaser as much difficulty as possible in catching them by making feints in one direction and suddenly running in another1 or by running diagonally instead of straight across1 etc4 ,,poor ,,pussy #e to #bj players4 ,parlor4 ,the players sit in a circle1 except one who is chosen for ,poor ,pussy4 ,pussy kneels in front of any player and miaous4 ,this person must stroke or pat ,pussy's head and say1 ,poor ,pussy6 ,poor ,pussy6 ,poor ,pussy6 repeating the words three times1 all without smiling4 ,if the player who is petting ,puss smiles1 he must change places with ,puss4 ,the ,puss may resort to any variations in the music of the miaou1 or in attitude or expression1 to induce the one who is petting to smile4 ,this may be made one of the most amusing games for adults at a house party4 ,the writer has seen some of the most dignified professional people laughing until the tears came while playing this simple little game4 ,,potato ,,races ,four forms of ,potato ,race are here given as follows3-- ,,potato ,,race ,i4 ,individual competition2 rules of ,amateur ,athletic ,union of the ,united ,states4 ,placing potatoes on marked spots2 gathering them up not a part of the game4 ,,potato ,,race ,,ii4 ,team competition4 ,one player places the potatoes on spots2 the next gathers them up1 etc4 ,,potato ,,shuttle ,,relay4 ,rules of ,girls' ,branch1 ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,alternate placing and gathering up4 ,,potato ,,spoon ,,race4 ,only gathering up of potatoes4 ,,potato ,,race--,i 7,for individual competitors7 #b to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,the simpler and usual ,potato ,race is played in two forms3 7,i71 the players competing as individuals2 and 7,,ii71 competing as teams4 ,the following description is for individual competition2 the team game is described as ,potato ,race ,,ii4 ,there are other forms of playing the individual game2 the one given here is according to the rules of the ,amateur ,athletic ,union4 ,the competitors should each wear a large number pinned across the shoulders on the back1 where it may be read plainly by the judges4 ,the competition is carried on in heats1 as many players as the playing space will allow playing in each heat4 ,potatoes should be used1 or blocks of wood are officially permissible4 ,these wooden blocks may be secured of potato shape1 and are better than those of cubical form1 as the latter are apt to land on the corners and bound4 ,a starting line is drawn across the ground4 ,at right angles to it a row of potatoes is placed for each player in the heat4 ,the potatoes should be two yards apart and eight in number4 7,this is the official number and distance for the ,amateur ,athletic ,union2 the number varies in unofficial games1 but should be equal for the different rows47 ,the first potato should be two yards from the receptacle1 which is usually placed on the starting line1 one beside each competitor4 ,this receptacle should be a pail1 basket1 box1 or can4 ,the official dimensions of the ,a4 ,a4 ,u4 call for its being not over two feet in height1 with an opening not over thirty-six inches in circumference4 ,in handicap events the starting mark is paid from the rear of the can4 ,the potatoes are replaced on the marks before the beginning of each heat1 the game in this form consisting solely of gathering them up1 not in placing them4 ,there is no rule against tossing a potato into the receptacle1 but it is poor policy to do so1 as it increases the risks of failure4 ,the contestants start1 as for a race1 in response to the starter's signals1 ,on your marks6 ,get set6 ,go6 ,the game consists in picking up the potatoes one at a time and placing them in the receptacle4 ,the potatoes may be picked up in any order desired4 ,a potato dropped1 however1 must be picked up before another potato be touched1 or the player is disqualified4 ,similarly1 a potato missing the receptacle or bounding out of it must be placed in it before the next potato be touched1 or the player is disqualified4 ,when all the potatoes have been placed in the receptacle1 the player finishes by dashing across a finish line1 a tape1 or strand of worsted1 stretched five feet back of the receptacle4 ,as in all races in athletic form1 a player is disqualified for interfering with any other competitor1 or for touching the finish tape with the hands or arms3 the tape should be breasted4 ,the winners in each heat play a final race2 or1 with large numbers competing1 semi-finals before the finals4 ,where small numbers are competing1 those finishing first1 second1 and even third1 may be entered for the final trials4 ,in case of a tie1 both competitors are entered for the next 7final1 or semi-final7 heat1 or1 if tied in the final heat1 the tied competitors play again4 ,,potato ,,race--,,ii 7,team competition7 #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 seashore4 ,the first description here given is for an informal game4 ,this is followed by the rules for strict athletic procedure4 ,the ground is marked off with a starting line4 ,at right angles to it are marked two or more rows of spots according to the number of teams competing1 the spots being from three to six feet apart1 each row containing from six to ten4 ,on each spot is placed a potato2 or a stone1 block of wood1 or any other object may be substituted2 on the seashore bathing slippers may be used4 ,potato-shaped blocks of wood may be had as substitutes for potatoes1 and are better than cubical blocks1 which are apt to land on the corners and bound4 ,the players are divided evenly into competing groups which line up in single file behind the starting line1 each file being in line with one of the rows of potatoes4 ,beside the leader of each file is a box or basket2 or a circle may be drawn on the ground instead4 ,at a signal each leader runs forward1 picks up a potato1 brings it back and puts it in the box1 goes for another1 etc41 until all the potatoes in his row have been gathered in4 ,he may pick them up in any order that he chooses4 ,immediately that the last potato is placed1 this player touches the outstretched hand of the next player in his file1 and at once leaves the playing space2 he should not line up again with his team4 ,the next player in the file starts out immediately on receiving the touch off1 replaces the potatoes one at a time1 and touches off the next player1 who gathers them in1 and so on1 alternately1 until each player has had his turn4 ,the team wins whose last player is the first to dash back over the starting line4 ,for an athletic contest for adults1 the following rules are typical3--,there should be eight potatoes for each team1 placed two yards apart1 the first potato two yards from the receptacle4 ,the receptacle should be either a pail1 basket1 box1 or can1 not over two feet in height1 having an opening not over thirty-six inches in circumference4 ,the finish line is a tape 7strand of worsted7 stretched parallel with the starting line and five yards back of the receptacle4 ,there should be a judge of fouls for each team and two judges at finish4 ,fouls are3-- #a4 ,not placing a potato accurately on the spot4 #b4 ,leaving a potato outside the receptacle instead of in it1 whether it be dropped there or bound out4 #c4 ,starting over the line without or before the touch off4 ,a foul corrected before the next step in the game be taken does not score as a foul4 ,the teams win first1 second1 third1 and fourth places in the order of finishing1 if there be no fouls4 ,where fouls have been scored1 the team finishing first1 with the fewest number of fouls1 has first place1 etc4 ,in case of a tie1 the tied teams must play again to determine the winner4 ,teams ,order of ,finishing ,fouls ,order of ,winning ,a #b #j ,first place ,b #a #d ,third place ,c #d #f ,fourth place ,d #c #c ,second place ,,potato ,,shuttle ,,relay #bj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 seashore4 ,this first description is for an informal game4 ,this is followed by rules for an athletic contest4 ,this is a form of potato race suitable for large numbers4 ,the ground is marked off with two starting lines1 one at either end of the ground4 ,at even intervals between these two lines a row of from four to ten spots should be clearly marked on the ground1 each row forming a line at right angles to the starting lines4 ,there should be as many rows of this kind as there are teams4 ,on the first spot of each row should be placed a box1 basket1 or pail1 and in it three or more potatoes1 according to the number of spots4 ,stones may be used1 blocks of wood1 or any other uniform objects as a substitute for potatoes1 but the latter are best4 ,the players are divided into two or more equal groups1 and each group is subdivided as for a shuttle relay into two divisions4 ,one division of each group stands in single file behind the starting line at one end of the ground1 the other division facing it in single file behind the opposite starting line4 ,between the two divisions should stretch the row of spots4 ,the receptacle should be on the spot near the first runner4 ,at a signal1 the first runner of each team starts over the line1 takes a potato from the box1 places it on the first spot1 returns1 gets another potato1 places it on another spot1 and so on until all are placed2 he need not observe strictly the consecutive order of the spots4 ,he then runs forward and touches the outstretched hand of the first runner in the opposite file of his team4 ,this runner must pick up the potatoes and replace them in the box one at a time1 and then touch off the player facing him in the opposite file4 ,each player1 as he finishes his part 7touches off the next runner71 should leave the running space entirely and not line up with his team4 ,the line nearest the box serves as a finish line1 and the team wins whose last runner1 having replaced the last potato1 is first to get over this line4 ,if a potato be dropped1 the runner must pick it up and replace it in the box or on the spot1 then make his play over again4 ,the above description is for a comparatively informal game4 ,for a strict athletic contest for junior players the following rules1 used by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league1 ,new ,york ,city1 are given3-- ,the laying out of the grounds should be for four spots in each row1 two yards between each1 with the starting lines two yards back of the first and fourth spots4 ,the receptacle is placed on the spot nearest the first runners1 and should be a pail1 basket1 box1 or can1 not over twenty-four inches in circumference at the opening4 ,three potatoes are used4 ,the first runners start on signals1 ,on your marks6 ,get set6 7or ,get ready67 ,go6 ,there should be a judge to score fouls for each division of each team1 and two judges at the finish4 ,in case of a tie1 the tied teams play again4 ,fouls consist in3 #a4 ,placing a potato otherwise than on the mark4 #b4 ,leaving a potato outside the receptacle instead of in it1 whether it be dropped outside or bound out4 #c4 ,starting over the line without the touch off4 ,any foul corrected before going on with the next step in the game does not score as a foul4 ,teams win in the order of finishing1 plus consideration of the record on fouls4 ,thus1 a team finishing fourth1 with no fouls1 would get first place1 if the teams finishing first1 second1 and third all had fouls4 ,teams ,order of ,finishing ,number of ,fouls ,order of ,winning ,a #a #h ,fourth place ,b #c #c ,third place ,c #d #j ,first place ,d #b #c ,second place ,,potato ,,spoon ,,race #f to #fj players4 ,parlor2 playground2 gymnasium4 ,this is a form of potato race that may afford much amusement1 especially for indoor companies4 ,the players are divided into two or more groups which compete against each other4 ,each group lines up in single file1 so that the leaders all toe a starting line4 ,placed on the floor in front of each group1 and stretching ahead in the same direction1 should be a row of potatoes at intervals of two or three feet apart1 one for each player in the file4 ,the larger and the more irregular in shape the potatoes the better4 ,there should be from six to ten potatoes for each row4 ,each leader should be furnished with a teaspoon1 and beside the leader of each file should be a pan1 box1 or basket1 in which the potatoes are to be placed4 ,at a signal each leader starts forward1 takes up a potato on the spoon1 carries it to the box or basket beside his first standing position1 and places the potato in it2 he then hands the spoon to the next player1 and passes off the playing field1 not lining up again with his team4 ,the second player picks up the next potato1 puts it in the box1 and so on1 until all have played1 the last one standing beside the box with the spoon held aloft as a signal that he has finished4 ,it is not allowable to touch the potato with anything but the spoon4 ,should a potato be touched otherwise1 the player must replace it and pick it up again on the spoon4 ,should a potato drop from the spoon1 it must be picked up on the spoon where it dropped1 and the play continued from that point4 ,,prisoner',s ,,base ,prisoner's ,base is one of the most popular games for both boys and girls who are beginning to care for team organization1 and is capital for adults4 ,it gives opportunity for vigorous exercise for all of the players1 for the use of much judgment1 prowess1 and daring1 and for simple team or coperative work4 ,the game is found under many different forms4 ,several1 which offer marked or typical differences1 each possessing distinct playing values1 are given here4 ,these differences are in 7#a7 the arrangement of the ground1 and 7#b7 the rules governing the players and game4 ,the differences in the grounds may be classed as follows3-- ,i4 ,the entire playground divided in two divisions1 one belonging to each party1 each division having a small pen for prisoners at the rear4 7,diagram ,i47 ,,ii4 ,the main part of playground neutral territory1 with home goals for the opposing parties at opposite ends1 with prisons in1 near1 or attached to them4 7,diagrams ,,ii1 ,v47 ,,iii4 ,the main part of playground neutral territory1 with home goals for both parties at the same end1 attached or separate1 and prisons at the opposite end1 either 7#a7 on the same side of the ground as the home goal1 or 7#b7 on the enemy's side of the ground4 7,diagrams ,,iii-,,iv47 ,the rules for play for the second and third types of ground are fundamentally the same1 though differing in details1 and they differ from those for ,diagram ,i4 ,the playing qualities of the games for the last three diagrams1 however1 are very distinct because of the different methods of the enemies' approach to each other 7which make differences in the risk of dares71 and because of the differing risks in rescuing prisoners and taking the enemy's goal by entry4 ,it has seemed best to make a selection of the typical forms1 and leave the leader of games free to choose his own4 ,the first form is the simplest for beginners and younger players1 and makes a good introduction to the game for such players4 ,stealing ,sticks is still another form of ,prisoner's ,base4 ,the main difference lies in the carrying away of the enemy's property4 ,prisoner's ,base and related games are supposed to have descended from the days of border warfare4 ,they are very old1 and ,strutt mentions a ,proclamation at the head of the ,parliamentary proceedings early in the reign of ,edward the ,third1 444 where it ,prisoner's ,base is prohibited in the avenues of the palace at ,westminster during the sessions of ,parliament1 because of the interruption it occasioned to the members and others in passing to and fro4 ,the game at that time was played by adults4 ,,prisoner',s ,,base--,i #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,prisoner',s ,,base--,i ,the ground is divided into two equal parts1 with a small base or prison marked off at the farther end of each division4 ,from five to fifteen players guard each side4 ,they venture into the enemy's ground1 and1 if caught1 are put into the prison1 where they must remain until tagged by one of their own side who is free4 ,both prisoner and rescuer may be tagged and brought back to prison before reaching their own ground4 ,the game is won when one side makes prisoners of all of its opponents1 or when a free man enters the opponents' prison1 but this last may be done only when there are no prisoners there4 ,this form of ,prisoner's ,base differs from others in greater simplicity1 both as to the arrangement of the ground and the rules of play4 ,it is therefore better for younger players or beginners in the game4 ,the differences in detail consist in3-- #a4 ,the ground being divided by a line through the center into two opposing territories4 ,in other forms1 the main playground is neutral territory1 each party having a small home goal marked within it4 #b4 ,in this game 7,no4 ,i7 a player cannot give a dare without venturing into the opponents' territory1 and any opponent may tag him4 ,in other forms1 the tagging1 being on neutral territory1 is controlled by limitations as to which player was last to leave his home goal1 and makes a more complex game4 ,the rules about 7#a7 a prisoner and his rescuer both being liable to capture on the way home1 and 7#b7 to winning by entering the enemy's prison1 with the restriction that no prisoners must be there1 are also distinctive features4 ,illustration3 ,,prisoner',s ,,base ,,prisoner',s ,,base--,,ii #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,prisoner',s ,,base--,,ii ,two captains are chosen who select players alternately until all are disposed in two parties of equal numbers4 ,a large goal is marked off at each end of the ground1 with a small base or prison in one rear corner of it4 ,the wide1 open space between the goals is neutral territory4 ,the objects of the game are to enter the opponent's goal or to make prisoners of all of his men4 ,the entrance of one player within the enemy's home goal means victory for his side4 ,as one player advances for this purpose1 or gives a dare1 the opponents send out a player to tag him1 when the first side immediately sends out a second player to cover or protect the darer by trying to tag his opponent4 ,the first side then sends out a second player to cover their first man4 ,he is at liberty to tag either of the other two players4 ,in this way any or all of the players may be out at one time1 though it is unwise to leave the goal unguarded4 ,any player may tag any man from the opposite side who left his goal before he did1 but none who came out after he did4 ,whenever a player returns to his home goal1 which he may do at any time1 the man who went out to cover him must return also1 and of course the man who went out to cover this second one1 etc4 ,the issuing forth of players1 or their return to the home goal1 is subject at all times to the direction of the captain1 though much independence of judgment should be exercised by the various players4 ,the captain may also designate one player to guard the home goal and one to guard the prisoners whenever he chooses4 ,any player caught 7tagged7 is placed in the opponents' prison 7prisoner's base71 where he must remain until rescued by one of his own side4 ,the prisoner may reach as far out of the prison as possible1 so long as one foot is within it4 ,when there are several prisoners1 they may take hold of hands or otherwise touch each other1 as by the feet 7this is optional with the prisoners71 and reach forward as far as possible1 to be tagged by a rescuer1 so long as one of them 7the last caught7 keeps one foot within the prison goal4 ,in such a line the first one caught should be farthest from the prison1 the next one caught holding his hand1 and so on in the order of capture4 ,a guard should always be at hand to intercept any attempts at rescue4 ,a prisoner and his rescuer may not be tagged while returning home1 but the rescuer may be tagged before he touches the prisoner4 ,one rescuer may free only one prisoner at a time4 ,whenever a player is caught1 all of the others return to their home goals 7except prisoners71 and a fresh start is made in the game4 ,much finessing is possible by engaging the enemy on one side of the ground1 while a good runner is held in reserve to dash into the enemy's goal on the other side4 ,or one player may1 by a wide detour1 creep around unnoticed to the rear of the enemy's goal and enter it from that side4 ,each side should have a captain to maintain discipline1 to take general direction of the game1 and to decide with the opposing captain any disputed points4 ,this game is more complicated than the one of the same name previously described4 ,it is well for beginners to start with the first game4 ,the author can testify from vivid recollections the hold which this form of the game may have for successive seasons on its devotees4 ,sometimes a dare line is drawn a few feet in front of each home goal1 which challenges the opponents to a special thrill of venturesomeness4 ,the game in this form1 as a small boy said to the author1 is the national game of ,minneapolis4 ,,prisoner',s ,,base--,,iii #f to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,illustration ,diagram3 ,,prisoner',s ,,base--,,iii ,the ground is divided according to the accompanying diagram2 the players1 who are divided into two equal parties1 with a captain for each party1 being stationed respectively in the goals marked ,a and ,b1 which are at the same end of the ground instead of at opposite ends1 as in ,prisoners' ,base ,,ii4 ,in the present form of the game1 the prison belonging to each side is located directly opposite its own home goal at the farther end of the ground1 instead of near its own goal1 as in ,,ii4 ,rescue of a prisoner is by entry of the opponent's prison1 not by tagging the prisoners2 so there is no object in the prisoner's reaching out of the prison1 as in the previous forms of the game4 ,the two parties decide by counting out1 holders1 drawing lots1 or some other form of choice1 which shall commence4 ,one member of this side then runs out to the middle of the ground and gives a nominy1 or dare1 calling1 ,chevy1 chevy1 chase6 ,one1 two1 three6 ,as soon as he has called this 7but not before71 he is liable to be tagged by the opponents1 who try to catch him before he can run home again4 ,should he reach home in safety1 the opponents take their turn in sending a man to the middle to give a dare in the same way4 ,a player need not run home1 however1 but may remain at large1 another player from his side running out to cover or protect him by trying to tag the opponent4 ,several players from each team may be out in this way at one time4 ,a player may be caught by any man who left his home goal after he did1 but by none who left before him4 ,each player must therefore keep a sharp watch on his opponents to know which of them may tag him and which he may tag4 ,this is continued until a prisoner is caught1 when he is taken by his captor to the prison belonging to the side capturing him4 ,a captor may not be tagged while taking a prisoner to prison1 and is allowed to go back to his goal afterward without tagging4 ,if a player can reach the opponents' prison without being tagged by an opponent1 he releases the first prisoner taken there4 ,both may return home without being tagged4 ,the object of the game is to place all of the players of the opponents' side in prison1 and when that is accomplished1 to take possession of the opponent's home goal4 ,when this is done1 the two parties change sides and begin again1 the losing side being first to send a man into the field4 ,,prisoner',s ,,base--,,iv ,illustration diagram3 ,,prisoner',s ,,base--,,iv ,this differs from the preceding game only in the laying out of the ground1 the prison for each party being on the opponent's side of the ground instead of on the side of the home goal4 ,this arrangement decreases the risk in rescuing prisoners4 ,all of the rules for the game are the same as in ,,iii4 ,,prisoner',s ,,base--,v #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,prisoner',s ,,base--,v ,in this form of prisoner's base the ground is marked out in a square or oblong1 the dimensions varying with the number of players and their age or ability as runners4 ,for average players a ground measuring #fj #fj feet is recommended4 ,the two end boundaries serve as base lines1 the territory beyond each belonging to the party on that side4 ,in this respect the game differs from those previously described1 in which a limited home goal is marked for each team4 ,about ten feet from the base line1 near the left-hand corner of the square or oblong1 a small prison is marked for each team4 ,the first object of the game is to make prisoners of all the opponents4 ,the second object of the game is to make runs into the enemy's territory and back again without being caught 7tagged74 ,three such runs entitle the player making them to select a player from the opposing team as a prisoner1 or to free one prisoner from his own team4 ,should a player be made a prisoner1 any runs he may have made into the enemy's territory up to that time are lost in his account1 and when freed1 he must begin his score of runs over again to count three4 ,a player returning home after a run into the enemy's territory may not capture a prisoner1 or free one of his own men from prison on the way4 ,a player may not be tagged after crossing the opponents' base line until he starts back4 ,in returning home after such a run1 a player may be tagged by any opponent who left his own goal after the runner left his own goal 7not the enemy's goal71 but not by any who started out before the runner started4 ,this rule applies to the capture of opponents at any time1 any player1 for instance1 on team ,a1 being liable to capture by any opponent on team ,b who left his base line after the ,a man1 but not any who left it before he left his own4 ,similarly1 he may capture any player on team ,b who ventured forth before he did1 but must be on his guard against any who came out after he did4 ,stepping over the side lines while being chased is equivalent to being caught2 but this does not apply when escorting a prisoner or at any other time4 ,prisoners may stretch out of the prison as far as possible so long as one foot is within it4 ,as the number of prisoners increases1 they may stretch out in one long file from the prison1 provided each touches a hand or foot1 or some other part of the next player4 ,in such a file1 the first prisoner captured should be the farthest away from the prison1 the last one captured with at least one foot in the goal1 and the others in relative order4 ,after the first prisoner is caught1 the game centers more on freeing or preventing the freeing of prisoners than on runs into the enemy's goal4 ,this is the form of ,prisoner's ,base preferred by ,mr4 ,joseph ,lee of ,boston1 and described by him in ,playground 7,no4 #h74 ,mr4 ,lee says3-- ,the interest of the game depends very much on locating the prison in such a way as to give the right balance between the forces of offense and defense4 ,if it is placed close to the base line of the side by which the capture has been made1 it is almost impossible to free the prisoner if there is any defense at all4 ,the game is often spoiled by this mistake4 ,on the other hand1 it must not be placed too far out1 for if it is1 it becomes impossible to win the game1 because the line of prisoners1 when the side is nearly all caught1 then extends to a point so much nearer their own base line than to that of their opponents that even the slowest runner on the losing side can get down and free a prisoner before the fastest runner on the opposite side can get out to stop him4 ,the art of laying out the ground is to have the prison placed far enough out to make the freeing of the first prisoner reasonably easy1 without being so far out as to make the catching of the last one impossible4 ,in general1 the game can be made lively and comparatively unscientific by making the distance between the base lines 7the lines on which the two sides are lined up7 short1 the field wide1 and the prisons far out2 and can be made more difficult and less eventful by making it long and narrow1 with the prisons close in4 ,if this latter tendency is carried too far1 however1 freeing prisoners and making runs become at last impossible1 and the game is entirely stopped4444 ,the game1 of course1 is at its best when there is most going on and of the most thrilling sort1--a lot of players making runs and freeing and defending prisoners1--with flight and rally1 charge and rout1 and triumph and despair4 ,,puss ,,in ,a ,,corner #e to #cj or more players4 ,schoolroom2 playground2 gymnasium4 ,all of the players but one are disposed in the corners or at convenient goals that will answer the same purpose4 ,the odd player goes from one to another1 saying1 ,pussy wants a corner6 ,the player to whom this is addressed replies1 ,go to my next-door neighbor4 ,any two of the other players meanwhile watch their opportunity to beckon to one another for exchanging places4 ,they try to make this exchange of signals and to dash across from place to place when the attention of ,puss is attracted in some other direction1 as ,pussy must try to secure a corner by rushing to any place that is vacant when the players thus exchange4 ,the sport of the game consists very largely in tantalizing ,puss by making many exchanges1 or1 on the other hand1 in ,puss suddenly dashing for some vacant place without giving previous evidence of knowing of it4 ,whenever ,puss secures a corner1 the odd player left out becomes ,puss4 ,puss1 when not succeeding in getting a corner as soon as desirable1 may call ,all change6 when all of the players must exchange places1 and in the general flurry ,puss should secure a place4 ,out of doors4--,this game may be very delightfully adapted to outdoor play by each player taking a tree as a corner1 when the dodging and running may be much more varied and interesting than in the open space of a parlor or gymnasium4 ,,puss ,,in ,,the ,,circle #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,a large circle is marked on the ground or floor4 ,one player1 who is ,puss1 stands in the center of this circle2 the other players stand outside of the circle surrounding it4 ,these players may be tagged by ,puss whenever they have a foot inside of the circle4 ,they will make opportunity for this by stepping in and out of the circle1 teasing ,puss in every possible way to tag them4 ,any one whom ,puss touches becomes a prisoner and is another ,puss1 joining the first ,puss in the circle to help tag the others4 ,the last one tagged is the winner of the game4 ,this is one of the games particularly suited to make a timid child courageous1 and a teacher or leader using the game with little children should urge such timid children to take an active part in the game4 ,,railroad ,,train #aj to #ajj players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom2 out of doors4 ,each player is named for some object on a train1 such as engine1 baggage car1 dining car1 smokestack1 boiler1 cylinders1 wheels1 oil1 coal1 engineer1 porter1 conductor1 etc4 ,one person is chosen to be the train master4 ,he says in narrative form3 ,we must hurry and make up a train to go to ,boston4 ,i will take ,number ,one engine and some coal2 have the bell rope in order2 be sure that the cushions are brushed in the sleeping car1 etc4 ,as he names these objects1 the player bearing each name runs to the starter and lines up behind him1 each putting his hands on the shoulders of the one in front1 the first one placing his on the shoulders of the starter4 ,when all are on the train1 the starter gives the signal for going1 and the whole train moves out on its journey1 which at the discretion of the starter will be up hill over obstacles1 down hill from others1 around loops and curves1 etc42 and he may1 under suitable circumstances1 find a convenient place for a grand smash-up at the end4 ,for large numbers there should be several starters1 starting several trains at once1 and these may race for a given point at the end4 ,,red ,,lion #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,a place is marked out at one side or end of the ground called the den4 ,in this stands one player who is called ,red ,lion4 ,the other players choose one of their number as a chief1 who does not run1 but stands at one side and directs the movements of the others4 ,the chief calls ,loose6 to the ,red ,lion4 ,after hearing this signal1 the lion is free to run out whenever he chooses4 ,the players venture near to the den1 taunting the lion with the lines3-- ,red ,lion1 ,red ,lion1 come out of your den6 ,whoever you catch will be one of your men4 ,when the ,red ,lion thinks the players are sufficiently near to give him a good opportunity to catch one1 he makes a sudden sortie and catches any player that he can4 ,the player is not his prisoner until the ,lion has held him and repeated three times ,red ,lion6 ,both the ,lion and his prisoner must hurry back to the den1 as all of the other players may turn upon them at once to drive them back with blows4 ,this is generally restricted to hitting with caps4 ,thereafter1 when the ,red ,lion issues forth1 he must take the prisoner with him1 hand in hand1 both of them endeavoring together to catch one of the other players by putting their arms over his head4 ,the ,red ,lion and his man may not issue1 however1 from their den until the chief calls ,cow catcher6 or some other signal1 as explained below4 ,as in the previous case1 when a prisoner is caught1 he and his captors hurry to the den to avoid the buffeting of the other players4 ,each time that the ,red ,lion goes forth1 all of his prisoners must go with him4 ,the method in which they go1 however1 and in which they capture their prey1 will be determined by the signals of the chief4 ,when he calls ,cow catcher6 they must all run out in a long string1 hand in hand1 and capture their prisoner by any two in the line slipping their clasped hands over his head4 ,if the chief calls ,tight6 the ,red ,lion and his men go forth in the same way1 holding hands1 and try to capture a player by surrounding him and so take him to the den4 ,should the chief call ,doubles6 then the ,red ,lion and his men come forth two by two1 and try to capture their prisoners4 ,the order in which these varied commands are given is entirely at the discretion of the chief4 ,at any time when the ,red ,lion and his men are out on the hunt1 any of the other players may try to break apart the clasped hands of the hunters4 ,whenever this is done1 the lions must rush back to their den1 being driven back and buffeted by the outside players4 ,the game ends when all of the men have been captured by the ,red ,lion's party4 ,the last man to be caught is the winner1 and becomes ,red ,lion for the next game4 ,,ring-,a-,,lievio 7,ring-a-lee-ve-o7 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,out of doors4 ,this is a form of ,hide and ,seek in opposing parties4 ,players who are caught are prisoners and may be freed as described4 ,the method of capture also differs from that in some other forms of ,hide and ,seek4 ,a small goal or den about five feet square is drawn at some central point4 ,two leaders are chosen who alternate in choosing players1 until all are disposed in two groups4 ,lots are drawn or counting out resorted to between the captains to determine which side shall start out first4 ,the remaining group takes its place in the den while the opponents go to some distant point1 from which they call ,ready6 and immediately scatter and hide4 ,the group in the den1 as soon as they hear the call ,ready6 start out for the chase1 leaving one of their number to guard the den4 ,whenever a player is caught 7tagging is not enough2 the player must be firmly secured71 the catcher calls ,caught6 ,caught6 ,caught6 and leads his prisoner to the den4 ,the object of the game is to make prisoners of all of the hiding team4 ,a prisoner may be freed from the den by one of the players from his group running out from his hiding place and tagging him4 ,this may only be done1 however1 by the rescuer getting both feet in the den4 ,should this be accomplished1 the rescuer calls ,ring-a-lievio6 as he dashes through the den1 and both run for safety4 ,the den keeper tries to catch them as they run away1 but may not chase them beyond certain boundaries1 which must be determined beforehand4 ,only one prisoner may be freed at a time4 ,prisoners are most easily freed when there are several in the den at once and the den keeper's attention is distracted to one side of the den while the prisoners are freed from the other4 ,this game1 like all hiding games1 is especially adapted to open spaces1 offering many hiding places1 such as the edge of a wood1 a garden1 park1 or playground having considerable shrubbery1 or to a village street4 ,,ringmaster #aj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 parlor4 ,this may be made a very amusing game for young children4 ,one is chosen for ringmaster and stands in the center4 ,if he can flourish a whip like a true ringmaster in the circus1 the interest of the game will be enhanced4 ,the other players form a circle around him without clasping hands4 ,the ringmaster turns and moves around in a circle1 snapping his whip at each flourish1 and calling the name of some animal4 ,the players in the circle immediately imitate the animal1 both as to its movements and cries4 ,for instance1 for a bear they claw or run on all fours1 or climb and at the same time growl2 for a frog they may hop or swim and croak4 ,the list may include the hopping kangaroo1 the snarling and springing tiger1 the humped and swaying camel1 the balking and braying donkey1 the flopping and barking seal1 the scratching and cackling hen1 the ponderous and mooing cow1 the neighing and galloping horse1 etc4 ,the ringmaster at his discretion may announce1 ,we will all join the circus parade6 whereupon all of the animals should gallop around the circle in characteristic movements1 each choosing an animal that he likes to represent4 ,,robbers ,,and ,,soldiers #aj to #ajj players4 ,out of doors4 ,this game is best played in the country1 where there are woods in which the robbers may hide4 ,the players are divided between robbers and soldiers1 there being about ten robbers to fifty soldiers 7the proportion of one to five74 ,the larger and stronger players are usually selected for the robbers4 ,the soldiers have one ,general who directs their movements1 and the robbers a ,captain4 ,the robbers are given five or ten minutes' start from the prison4 ,the soldiers stand at this place1 marked as their fort or prison1 until the ,general gives the command for the search to begin4 ,the object of the robbers is to hide so that the soldiers may not find them1 and when found1 to resist capture if possible4 ,they may hide by climbing trees or dodging behind them1 conceal themselves in underbrush1 under dead leaves1 etc4 ,if played aright1 the game should be a very strenuous one1 the resistance offered by the robbers requiring several soldiers to overcome4 ,a robber may resist all of the way to prison4 ,a guard is appointed by the ,general for the prison1 and prisoners may run away at any time if not prevented by the guard4 ,the soldiers1 in attempting to locate the robbers1 will use many devices besides a simple hunt4 ,for instance1 they will form a large circle and gradually work in toward the center1 thus surrounding any robbers who may be hidden within the territory so covered4 ,the game is won when all of the robbers have been made prisoners4 ,old clothes are quite in order for this game4 ,the soldiers will find whistles of advantage for signaling each other for help4 ,this game has been a favorite one for many generations with the boys at a large school near ,copenhagen4 ,illustration3 ,from painting by ,maximilian1 ,prince of ,wied4 ,,rolling ,,target ,,as ,,played ,,by ,,the ,,hidatsa ,,indians1 ,,fort ,,clark1 ,,north ,,dakota ,reproduced by kind permission of the ,bureau of ,ethnology1 ,washington ,d4,c41 from ,games of the ,north ,american ,indians1 by ,stewart ,culin4 ,,rolling ,,target #b to #cj players4 ,gymnasium2 playground4 ,this game consists in shooting or hurling through a rolling hoop a stick or gymnasium wand4 ,the hoop may be from six inches to two feet in diameter4 ,the smaller hoop is adapted only to expert players2 it is well to begin with a hoop the size of a barrel hoop4 ,where there are numerous players1 they are divided into opposing teams1 which alternate in throwing at the target 7hoop74 ,these players take places at intervals of about five feet along one side of the playground1 each holding a spear 7stick7 to hurl at the hoop as it passes him4 ,another player stands at one end of the ground and sends the hoop rolling the full length of the space covered by the playing team2 its course should be from ten to twenty feet distant from the line-up of the team and parallel to the latter4 ,as the hoop passes him1 each player in turn hurls his spear at it4 ,this is best done with the spear held horizontally at a height of about the middle of the hoop4 ,each spear that successfully goes through the hoop scores one point for its team4 ,each team has three rounds1 and then gives place to the opponents4 ,the team first scoring one hundred points wins the game4 ,when there are not enough players to put into teams1 each player scores independently1 the first to make twenty points winning4 ,for obvious reasons of safety1 no player should be allowed on the side toward which the spears are hurled4 ,this game may be played capitally with bean bags instead of sticks4 ,this is an adaptation of one of the hoop and pole games played by the ,north ,american ,indians1 and is almost the only game of theirs that has not been previously adopted by the whites4 ,the instant success of the game with boys1 who ask to stay after school to play it1 would indicate a valuable acquisition4 ,different tribes of ,indians play with different sized hoops1 the illustration showing a very small one4 ,the author is indebted for this to the remarkable collection1 ,games of the ,north ,american ,indians1 by ,mr4 ,stewart ,culin4 ,,round ,,and ,,round ,,went ,,the ,,gallant ,,ship #d to #cj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this is a simple little game for very little children1 consisting simply in dancing around in a circle with clasped hands as the following verse is recited1 and bobbing down quickly as the ship goes to the bottom of the sea3-- ,three times round went our gallant ship1 ,and three times round went she2 ,three times round went our gallant ship1 ,then she sank to the bottom of the sea4 ,a tumble as the ship goes down adds much to the spirit of the play4 ,,run1 ,,sheep1 ,,run6 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,out of doors4 ,this is a form of hide-and-seek1 but the hiding and the seeking are done by parties instead of individually1 each party acting under the direction of a captain4 ,any number of players may take part1 but from four to six on a side are perhaps best4 ,two captains are chosen1 who in turn alternately choose players until all the players are divided into two parties4 ,one party becomes a searching party 7chosen by lot1 holders1 or counting out between the captains7 and remains at the goal1 while the other party goes out with its captain1 who directs the various individuals where to hide1 after agreeing with his party on a series of signals to be used1 as described below4 ,when all are hidden1 this captain goes back to the searchers1 who at once start out on the hunt under the direction of their captain1 who may divide or dispose of his party as he sees fit4 ,the captain of the hiding party remains with the searchers1 calling out signals to his hidden men which shall enable them to approach nearer to the goal by dodging from one hiding place to another1 always trying to keep out of sight of the searchers4 ,neither party1 however1 may run for the goal until its own captain shouts ,run1 sheep1 run6 ,the captain of the hiding party is generally the first one to give this signal1 and he does so whenever he thinks his men are well placed to make the goal4 ,the captain of the searchers naturally gives the signal to his players as soon as he hears his competitor calling it1 as the game is won by the party of which one player first reaches the goal4 ,should any member of the searching party catch sight of an opposing player before all run for the goal1 he tells his captain1 who at once shouts1 ,run1 sheep1 run6 ,any signals may be agreed on between the captain of the hiding party and his men2 the following are examples3-- ,red6 meaning ,danger4 ,green6 meaning ,go around the house to the left4 ,blue6 meaning ,go around the house to the right4 ,purple6 meaning ,stand still4 ,yellow6 meaning ,keep on going in the same direction and get nearer to the goal4 ,,saddle ,,the ,,nag #f to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this is a game of leapfrog4 ,the players are divided into equal parties1 with a chief for each4 ,one of the chiefs stands with his back to a wall or fence1 and all of his party bend their backs as for leapfrog1 the first with his head against the chief1 and the others1 one behind the other1 in a line stretching out in front of him4 ,each player in the line braces his shoulder against the stooping player next in front1 or each may grasp the forward player around the waist4 ,the heads should all be turned to the same side4 ,one of the opposite side then leaps on the back of the player farthest from the wall1 and tries to make his way over the backs of the entire line to the chief to crown him2 that is1 to place his hand on his head4 ,the players who are making backs try in every way1 without rising to a standing position1 to throw this player off and so prevent his crowning their chief4 ,each player of the out side tries in turn to crown the chief4 ,should they be unsuccessful the sides change4 ,if one or more players succeed in crowning the chief1 each successful player has a second chance before the sides change4 ,the side that succeeds in oftenest crowning its opponent's chief wins the game4 ,the limit of the game is usually placed at six trials for each side4 ,,sardines #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 house party4 ,this is a game of hide and seek that reverses some of the usual methods of playing the game4 ,the player chosen to be ,it1 instead of blinding goes out himself to hide1 while all of the other players stay at the goal4 ,while one of their number counts one hundred1 they must all either blind their eyes or be shut in one room to give the hider a fair chance4 ,after counting1 they shout ,one hundred6 and all start out to hunt for the hider4 ,any player discovering him must1 after making sure that none of the others observe him1 hide in the same place with the hider4 ,if necessary1 he must linger near until there is opportunity to do this without being discovered4 ,if there should not be room to hide in the same place1 the finder must take a seat in plain sight near the hiding place4 ,sometimes a large number of players will be seated in a room or in a group out of doors1 while the last unfortunate hunters try to locate some clever hiding place which is obviously near but hard to detect4 ,of course it is better for the players to actually hide with the first hider1 if practicable1 which probably suggested1 on occasion1 being packed in like sardines4 ,this is one of the most interesting house party games for young people for either out of doors or within4 ,,schoolroom ,,tag #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,a circle about three feet in diameter is drawn on the floor in the front of the room and serves as a goal4 ,one player is chosen to be ,it1 and stands ten feet from the goal4 ,the other players sit at their desks4 ,the one who is ,it calls the name of some player1 who must at once rise and try to run through the goal and return to his seat without being tagged4 ,in order to do this1 he may have to make quite a detour before passing through the goal1 or he may be able to run through it at the opening of the chase4 ,the chaser must also run through the goal before he may tag the runner4 ,if the chaser succeeds in tagging the runner1 he continues to be chaser1 and calls the name of another player to run4 ,if the runner gets to his seat without being tagged1 he changes places with the other and becomes ,it4 ,this game is printed with the kind permission of the ,alumni ,association of the ,boston ,normal ,school of ,gymnastics1 from the book entitled ,one ,hundred and ,fifty ,gymnastic ,games4 ,,shadow ,,tag #d to #fj players4 ,out of doors4 ,this is a very pretty form of tag1 suitable for little children1 and they delight in playing it4 ,it hardly need be said that it requires a sunny day4 ,the player who is ,it tries to step or jump on to the shadow of some other player1 and if successful1 announces the fact by calling the name of the player4 ,that player then becomes ,it4 ,the teacher or leader will need to encourage the children to venture boldly into the open spaces1 where the shadows become apparent1 rather than to huddle on one side of the ground1 where the chaser cannot reach the shadows4 ,,shuttle ,,relay 7,double ,relay7 #bj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this form of relay race is especially adapted to large numbers in limited space4 ,the action is more rapid than in the single relay1 although each runner runs only half as far4 ,the players are divided into two or more groups of equal numbers4 ,each group in turn is divided into two divisions1 which stand facing each other in single file1 with the leader of each division toeing a starting line4 ,there should be from fifty to one hundred and fifty feet between the starting lines4 ,at a signal1 the leaders on one side of the ground run forward1 but instead of touching a goal or terminal line at the opposite end of the ground1 the runner touches off 7touches the outstretched hand of7 the leader of the line facing him1 and passes at once away from the playing space4 ,he should not line up again with his team4 ,the player thus touched dashes forward in his turn and touches the first player in the file facing him1 from which ,number ,one came1 and passes off the game limits4 ,each player thus runs only in one direction1 instead of in two1 as in a single relay race4 ,the team wins whose last player first dashes across the starting line opposite him4 ,as in the single relay race1 this may be played by handing a flag from one runner to the next1 instead of touching off4 ,if a flag be used1 it should not be on a stick because of danger to the eyes4 ,this game may also be played with strict observance of athletic rules4 ,the first runners should then be started with the signals1 ,on your mark6 ,get set6 7or ,get ready67 and ,go6 ,there should be a judge to watch fouls for each division of each team1 and two judges at the finish4 ,fouls consist in starting over the line1 even with part of the foot1 before being touched off1 or in a failure to actually touch4 ,the teams win in the order of finishing1 plus consideration of the number of fouls1 as described for the ,potato ,shuttle ,relay4 ,,siege #aj to #cj players4 ,out of doors2 barn4 ,this game is suitable for a barn2 the greater the number of open doors and windows available in the barn the better4 ,the players are divided into two equal parties1 one of which personate defenders1 and take their places in the barn1 with the doors and windows open4 ,the other party are the besiegers1 and are stationed outside the barn4 ,the fighting is done by means of weeds specially prepared for the purpose4 ,the weeds commonly called redroot or iron-weed are very good for this4 ,the stems1 measuring about a foot and a half in length1 are stripped except for a small leaf or tuft of leaves at one end4 ,on the opposite end the root is cut away so as to leave only a small knob which will serve to weight the missile4 ,the game opens with each party provided with a pile of this ammunition1 which is thrown at the opponents through the doors and windows of the barn4 ,a player hit once with a dart is considered wounded1 but may keep on playing4 ,a player hit twice is killed1 and is out of the game4 ,each party must keep within its own bounds4 ,the party wins which has the fewest killed at the end of the game4 ,this was a favorite game with a group of ,long ,island boys1 from one of whom the author obtained it4 ,,single ,,relay ,,race #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this game differs from the track event known as a ,relay ,race4 ,the form here given is one of the best for engaging in strenuous exercise all of a large number of players in a limited playing space4 ,a wall or fence is chosen for a goal1 or a line may be drawn across the ground for this purpose1 or a goal object may be placed for each team1 around which each player on the team must run4 ,from fifty to a hundred feet back of this goal1 or objective point1 and parallel to it1 a line is drawn to serve as a starting line4 ,the players are divided into two or more groups of equal numbers4 ,each group lines up in single file behind the starting line4 ,if possible1 there should be at least five feet distance sideways between the files4 ,the first player of each file stands toeing the starting line1 and at a signal runs forward to the goal1 touches it with his hand if it be a wall or fence1 or with his foot if it be a line on the ground1 or runs around it if it be an object4 ,he then runs back to his line and touches the outstretched hand of the next player 7called touching off71 who should have moved forward to toe the starting line4 ,as soon as this touch is received1 this player in turn runs forward1 touches the goal1 and returns in the same way4 ,each player as he returns leaves the playing space at the rear4 ,the file moves up one place each time that a runner starts1 so that the next player will toe the starting line4 ,the file wins whose last runner is first to dash across the starting line on his return run4 ,if desired1 each runner may hold a flag in his hand and pass it to the next player1 instead of merely touching the hand4 ,this flag should not be on a stick1 which is dangerous for the runner receiving it4 ,starting over the line before being touched by a returning runner is a foul4 ,where athletic procedure is not observed1 this starting over the line may be penalized by having the transgressor go back and start over again4 ,in an athletic event it disqualifies the team1 unless the competing teams have made an equal or greater number of fouls4 ,where this game is played in strict athletic form1 the first start is made in response to the usual signals3 7#a7 ,on your mark6 7#b7 ,get set6 7or ,get ready67 7#c7 ,go6 ,in competitive events of this sort1 crossing the starting line before being touched off is a foul2 also touching a goal object around which the players may have to run4 ,there should be a judge of fouls for each team and two judges at the finish4 ,the team wins which finishes first with the fewest number of fouls1 as explained for the ,potato ,race4 ,the simple touch-off1 and not the handing of flags1 is customary in athletic procedure4 ,,skin ,,the ,,goat #f to #bj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this is a game of leapfrog1 differing from ,saddle the ,nag in the gradual lengthening of the line of backs1 though there are similar features in the two games4 ,the players in this game are not divided into opposing parties4 ,one player stands with his back against a wall or fence4 ,another player stoops1 with his head against the breast or stomach of this first player4 ,a third player jumps upon the back thus made and tries to crown the player standing against the wall1 that is1 to place his hand on his head4 ,the player1 who is making the back tries in every way 7except by straightening up7 to throw the player off his back and so prevent his crowning of the standing player4 ,if the back succeeds in doing this1 the one whom he throws off takes his place behind this stooping player in the same general position1 grasping him around the waist and bending his head to one side or against the forward player1 thus lengthening the line of backs4 ,another player then jumps on the backs1 tries to make his way to the one who is upright and crown him4 ,any player who succeeds in crowning the upright player changes places with him1 the one winning who has done this the most times when the play ends4 ,,skyte ,,the ,,bob #b to #aj players4 ,playground2 seashore4 ,note4--,the word skyte means a sharp1 glancing blow1 and as here used indicates the way in which the stones are thrown at the bob4 ,this game is played with buttons and stones4 ,each player is provided with one or more buttons called men4 ,a small1 flat stone about the size of a quarter may be used as a man in place of a button4 ,in addition1 each player is provided with a flat stone called a pitcher4 ,a flat stone1 small1 but somewhat larger than the pitchers1 is placed on the ground as a base on which the men are piled1 and is called the bob4 ,the game consists in hitting the bob with a pitcher so as to knock over the pile of men1 the men becoming the property of the thrower or not1 according to their position as they fall4 ,from fifteen to twenty-five feet from the pile of men a line is drawn from which the players throw4 ,each player in turn toes the line and throws his pitcher so as to strike the bob or base under the pile of men1 his object being to make these men fall off4 ,any men that are knocked off1 and lie nearer to the pitcher where it fell than to the bob1 become the property of the player who threw the pitcher4 ,the second player then takes his turn1 but his play is more difficult than that of the first player1 as any men that he drives nearer to the first player's pitcher belong to the latter4 ,any man which lies nearer to the second player's pitcher1 however1 than to the bob or to the first player's pitcher1 belongs to this second player4 ,this is continued by the different players in succession1 the player winning who has the largest number when all of the men are disposed of1 or when all have thrown4 ,,slap ,,catch 7,hands ,up7 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,the players stand in a circle1 with one in the center4 ,those in the circle bend their elbows1 which should touch the sides1 and extend their hands in front1 with palms downward4 ,the object of the one in the center is to slap the hands of any player in the circle while thus extended4 ,the circle players may bend the hands downward or sideways at the wrist1 but may not withdraw the arms1 or change the position of the elbow4 ,any one slapped in this way changes places with the one in the center4 ,the success of this game will depend upon the alertness of the one who is in the center1 who should dodge quickly and unexpectedly from one part of the circle to another1 with many feints and false moves that will keep the circle players uncertain where he is going to slap next4 ,played in this way1 the game calls for much alertness on the part of all concerned4 ,the circle should not be too large1 or the action will be too slow to be interesting4 ,,schoolroom4--,in the schoolroom this is played in groups with the players seated instead of in a circle4 ,two rows face each other to form a group1 with feet drawn well under the seats4 ,the one who is ,it walks up and down the aisle4 ,,slap ,,jack 7,herr ,slap ,jack2 ,skipaway7 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 parlor4 ,the players stand in a circle1 clasping hands4 ,one player runs around the outside of the circle and tags another as he runs4 ,the player tagged immediately leaves his place and runs in the opposite direction4 ,the object of both runners is to get back first to the vacant place4 ,whoever succeeds wins1 and remains in that place1 the one left out becoming runner the next time4 ,this is sometimes varied by having the players bow and shake hands as they meet4 ,this adds an element of self-control1 but detracts from the vigor and sport of the game4 ,this game is one of the standard favorites for little children4 ,,schoolroom4--,in the schoolroom this game is played with all of the pupils seated except one4 ,the odd player walks or runs through the aisles1 touches some player1 and runs on around the room in the direction he is going4 ,the one touched at once leaves his seat and runs around the room in the opposite direction4 ,the one wins who first gets back to the vacant seat4 ,dodging through aisles to shorten distance is not allowed2 the run must be around the outer aisles of the room4 ,,slipper ,,slap #aj to #cj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this game is played with a slipper1 or a piece of paper folded in several thicknesses to present a surface of about three by eight inches1 firm but flexible4 ,this may be crumpled at one end to form a sort of handle1 if desired4 ,one player is chosen to stand in the center4 ,the others stand in a circle1 shoulder to shoulder1 so that the center player cannot see what goes on behind their backs4 ,the players then pass the slipper from hand to hand behind their backs1 taking every favorable opportunity to slap the one in the center with it2 but instantly that this is done the player holding the slipper must put it again behind his back and pass it to the next player1 to avoid being caught with the slipper in his hand4 ,the one in the center should try to catch any player who thus slaps him before the slipper is passed to another player4 ,very rapid action and much sport may be had from this game4 ,it is rulable to hit the center player with nothing but the slipper1 but the players will use any other feints they choose to mislead him as to who holds the slipper1 pretending to pass it1 or making a false move as though to hit him1 etc4 ,the center player must catch one of the circle men with the slipper actually in his hands to have it count4 ,should this be done1 he changes places with that player4 ,this game may be played in the schoolroom1 the class being divided into groups of ten or twelve players each4 ,it is also an excellent parlor game1 and is full of sport if played by quick1 alert players4 ,this game is from ,denmark4 ,,smuggling ,,the ,,geg #aj or #cj to more players4 ,out of doors4 ,this is an old ,scotch game1 evidently an outgrowth of smuggling4 ,the geg is a small treasure or object easily handled1 such as a pocket knife1 key1 marble1 etc4 ,the players are divided into two even parties1 one called the ,outs and the other the ,ins4 ,a den about four feet by six in size is marked on the ground in some central place4 ,both parties agree on boundaries beyond which it is unfair to go1 though the space available for play should be very considerable4 ,it is determined by lot or by counting out which of the parties shall be the first ,outs1 or smugglers1 this being the more desirable position4 ,the ,outs have the geg1 or treasure1 which they give to one of their number in a manner that leaves his identity unknown to the ,ins4 ,they may do this by going out of sight around a corner of a building and choosing one of their number to take the geg1 or by standing in a row within sight of the ,ins1 with their backs to a wall or fence1 and pass the geg from hand to hand behind their backs1 making many feints and passes intended to deceive the onlookers4 ,when the geg has been deposited with one of their number1 the ,outs run and hide1 but before reaching their final hiding place1 must give a call of ,smugglers6 ,this is the signal for the ,ins to start on the chase4 ,the object of the ,ins is to catch the one player among the ,outs who is custodian of the geg4 ,the identity of this player may be a sheer matter of surmise on their part1 when they will have to challenge any player whom they may catch4 ,if the player holding the geg can return to the den without being caught1 his party wins1 and again goes out for the next game4 ,but if the holder of the geg be caught before he gets to the den1 the ,ins win the game1 and become the ,outs for the next round4 ,whenever one of the ,ins catches one of the ,outs1 the latter is not a prisoner until he is crowned2 that is1 the pursuer must hold him1 take off his cap1 and place the palm of his hand on the prisoner's head1 when he must cease to struggle4 ,the pursuer then demands1 ,deliver up the geg6 which must be done at once should this particular smuggler be the one who holds it4 ,this fact is then shouted aloud1 and all of the players return to the den4 ,if the player caught should not have the geg1 he is allowed to go free4 ,of course it is to the interest of the ,outs to engage the attention of the ,ins as much as possible upon players who do not hold the geg1 thus to give the holder of it a chance to make the den and so win for his party4 ,,snow ,,dart #b to #aj players4 ,for the snow4 ,this game is played with a wooden dart about eight inches long1 whittled out of wood about the size of a broomstick1 pointed abruptly at one end1 and sloping gradually to the other4 ,a narrow track or slide is made down the side of a hill or inclined place1 about sixty feet in length4 ,at four different points in this track snow barriers or bumpers are made4 ,the track is iced by throwing water over it and letting it freeze4 ,illustration3 ,,snow ,,dart ,the dart is started at a point at the top of the track4 ,it is not rulable to shove it2 it must simply be placed on the track and move of its own weight4 ,the object of the game is to pass the dart in this way over as many of the barriers as possible without its leaving the track4 ,each player scores one point for each barrier1 over which the dart passes without leaving the track1 the one having the highest score at the end of the playing time winning4 ,the players take turns in sliding the dart4 ,any player who can successfully pass his dart over all four barriers four times in succession1 wins1 irrespective of other scores4 ,if desired1 the players may play in partners4 ,this game is an adaptation from one played by the ,cree ,indians4 ,for it the author is indebted to ,mr4 ,stewart ,culin's ,games of the ,north ,american ,indians4 ,illustration3 ,,snow ,,snake ,menominee ,indian holding snow snake preparatory to throwing4 ,from ,hoffman4 ,reproduced from ,games of the ,north ,american ,indians1 by ,stewart ,culin2 with kind permission of the author and of the ,bureau of ,ethnology1 ,washington1 ,d4,c4 ,,snow ,,snake #b to #aj or more players4 ,for the snow4 ,this game is played by skimming or skipping sticks over the hard surface of the snow1 as stones are skipped over the water4 ,each player is provided with from three to five small sticks4 ,these may be especially whittled1 or they may be pieces of branches4 ,a perfectly smooth stick is best1 and one that has some weight to it4 ,each stick is notched1 one notch on the first1 two on the second1 three on the third1 etc4 ,the players stand at a given line and take turns in skimming their sticks over the surface of the snow1 each player throwing but one stick at a time4 ,when each player has thrown1 the stick that has gone the farthest scores for the thrower according to the number of notches on it4 ,for instance1 if the stick had but one notch1 it scores one point for the player2 a three-notched stick scores three points1 etc4 ,the sticks are then gathered up and put to one side1 and each player in turn throws the next stick in his bunch1 the successful player of the first round having the first throw in the second round1 and scoring in similar manner4 ,this is continued until all of the sticks have been thrown4 ,this may close the game1 which is won by the highest scorer1 or it may be repeated indefinitely1 either with a time limit or until a certain score is reached4 ,this game is an adaptation of one played by the ,wabanaki ,indians4 ,the ,northern ,indians have many games belonging to the ,snow ,snake class4 ,,spanish ,,fly #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this is a game of leapfrog in which the leader 7first over7 sets feats for the others to perform1 as in ,follow the ,leader1 any player who fails taking the place of the back4 ,the following feats are popular3-- ,the jumper leaps over1 touching the back with one hand only and waving his cap with the other4 ,the jumper leaps over without touching the back4 ,the jumper makes a quarter turn while going over4 ,,hats ,,on ,,deck4--,the leader1 as he vaults1 places his cap on the back1 and must clear without touching it4 ,each player1 in turn1 adds his hat to the pile1 the last player having to jump over all4 ,if any one knocks over the pile1 he must become back1 and the game begins over again4 ,if all jump successfully1 the last one over then jumps again1 removing his hat as he goes over without disturbing the others1 and so on until all have been removed4 ,,hats ,,full ,,of ,,water4--,the jumper places his own hat on his head upside down and balances it there while leaping over the back4 ,,spans #b to #aj players4 ,out of doors2 indoors4 ,this is a game played by snapping buttons against a wall1 their landing point determining a score4 ,each player has a button4 ,one of the players lays his button on the ground near a wall or fence4 ,the others1 in turn1 snap their buttons against the wall so as to rebound near to that of the first player4 ,should the button snapped drop within one hand reach or span 7i4e4 the distance between stretched thumb and fingers7 of the button first laid down1 it scores two points for the player throwing it4 ,if it comes within two such spans of the first button1 it scores one point4 ,should it hit this button and bounce away within but one span1 it counts four points4 ,should it so bounce within two spans1 it scores three points2 and should it go farther than this1 it scores but one point4 ,the number of points in the game1 twenty-five or fifty1 is agreed on at the outset4 ,the players take regular turns1 and the first to score the required number wins the game4 ,,spin ,,the ,,platter 7,see also ,my ,lady's ,toilet7 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom4 ,all the players are numbered and seated in a circle1 except one1 who stands in the center and twirls a platter1 tray1 or some other round object4 ,as he starts it spinning1 he calls any number that he chooses1 and the player bearing that number must at once spring forward and try to catch the platter before it ceases to spin and falls to the floor4 ,if successful1 he returns to his place in the circle4 ,if not successful1 he takes the place of the spinner and pays a forfeit4 ,the forfeits are all redeemed at the end of the game4 ,this game may also be played by calling the players by name instead of numbering them4 ,,spooning #aj to #cj players4 ,children's party2 adult house party4 ,all but one of the players stand in a circle4 ,the odd player is blindfolded and placed in the center4 ,he is given two silver tablespoons4 ,the players in the circle clasp hands and move around until the blindfolded player clicks the spoons together1 at which signal the circle must stand still4 ,the blindfold player then goes up to any one in the circle1 and by feeling over the face and head with the bowls of the spoons must identify the player4 ,he may not feel on the shoulders or around the neck1 only on the face and head4 ,a player may stoop to disguise his height for this1 but otherwise may not evade the touch of the spoons4 ,if the blindfold player correctly identifies the one before him1 they exchange places4 ,if incorrect in his guess1 the play is repeated4 ,this may be a very amusing game for either children or adults4 ,the author has seen it played with great success under both conditions4 ,,squirrel ,,and ,,nut #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,all of the pupils but one sit at their desks with heads bowed on the arms as though sleeping1 but each with a hand outstretched4 ,the odd player1 who is the squirrel1 and carries a nut1 runs on tiptoe up and down through the aisles1 and at his or her discretion drops the nut into one of the waiting hands4 ,the player who gets the nut at once jumps up from his seat and chases the squirrel1 who is safe only when he reaches his nest 7seat74 ,should the squirrel be caught before he reaches his nest1 he must be squirrel the second time4 ,otherwise the player who received the nut becomes the next squirrel4 ,it is scarcely necessary to say that the other players wake up to watch the chase4 ,,squirrel ,,in ,,trees #aj to #ajj players4 ,schoolroom2 playground2 gymnasium4 ,this game is very like ,hound and ,rabbit1 but is a little less exciting1 and under some circumstances better adapted to very young children4 ,most of the players stand in groups of three1 with hands on each other's shoulders1 forming hollow trees4 ,in each tree is a player representing a squirrel1 and there is also one odd squirrel without a tree4 ,the teacher or leader claps her hands1 when all of the players must run for other trees1 and the odd squirrel tries to secure a tree1 the one who is left out being the odd squirrel next time4 ,,stage ,,coach #aj to #fj or more players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom2 gymnasium4 ,a leader is chosen who has a faculty for telling a story4 ,this leader gives to each of the players the name of some part of a stage coach or of its contents4 ,thus1 one may be the whip1 one the wheels1 one the cushions1 one the windows1 others the brake1 driver1 harness1 horses1 passengers1 including specifically the fat old gentleman1 the woman with the bandbox1 etc4 ,where there are many players1 several may be given the same name1 though it is desirable that these should not all be seated near together4 ,the leader then tells a story in which the various parts of a stage coach are mentioned1 and whenever he names one of these parts or articles1 the player or players bearing that name must get up instantly1 whirl around once1 and sit down again4 ,any player failing to do this must pay a forfeit4 ,whenever the story teller says ,stage ,coach6 all of the players must get up and turn around4 ,at the end of this story he will manage to have the stage coach meet with a catastrophe1 and as soon as he says ,the stage coach upset6 all of the players must change seats4 ,the leader takes this opportunity to secure one for himself1 and the player who is left without a seat becomes leader for the next game1 or must distribute the forfeits4 ,for large numbers there should be several more players than chairs4 ,the leader may say1 for example3 ,it being a beautiful spring day1 the old lady with the bandbox here the old lady must get up and turn around decided to visit her daughter1 and so took a seat in the stage coach everybody turns around2 she found the cushions cushions turn around very comfortable until the fat old gentleman fat old gentleman turns around got in1 when the place seemed to her very crowded1 and she was glad to open the windows2 the driver cracked his whip1 the wheels creaked1 the horses strained at the harness1 and away they started on their journey1 etc4 ,the interest of the game may be enhanced by connecting the stage coach1 its passengers1 and journey with some well-known story1 as of ,mr4 ,pickwick and ,sam ,weller1 or ,rebecca of ,sunnybrook ,farm4 ,,stake ,,guard 7,see also ,duck on a ,rock47 #aj to #cj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this game is one of the forms of ,duck on a ,rock1 and in this form is well adapted to use indoors as well as out of doors4 ,the game differs from the ordinary games of ,duck on a ,rock chiefly in the limited territory to which the guard is confined4 ,a stake is driven in the ground 7or if in a gymnasium1 an ,indian club is placed7 in the center of a square plainly marked1 and measuring from eight to twelve feet4 ,a throwing line is drawn twenty or more feet from the stake4 ,the game is played with bean bags1 and begins with the choice of a guard4 ,this choice is made by all of the players standing on the throwing line and throwing their bags at the stake4 ,the player whose bag falls farthest away from the stake becomes the first guard4 ,the stake guard places his bag on top of the stake 7or club74 ,the other players line up on the throwing line4 ,upon a given signal from a leader or captain1 all of the players throw their bags simultaneously at the stake1 trying to displace the bag on top of it4 ,knocking over the club accomplishes the same purpose4 ,each player must then try to regain his bag1 but in doing this he may be tagged by the guard4 ,if this be done1 he changes places with the guard4 ,the guard may only tag a player1 however1 within the limits of the square surrounding the stake1 beyond which he may not go2 and he may do this only after he has replaced his own bag on top of the stake4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,stake ,,guard ,any player failing to recover his bag at once will watch for an opportunity to do so when the guard is next occupied in replacing his own bag4 ,any player thus waiting for his bag may linger near the boundaries of the center square4 ,should the guard succeed in tagging a player within the square1 that player must at once place his own bag on the stake2 and the guard must try to get his bag and escape from the square before this new guard can place his bag and tag him4 ,as soon as a player recovers his bag and escapes from the center square1 he should go at once to the starting line1 and may throw again immediately for the center bag4 ,the game progresses better1 however1 if all of the throwing be done simultaneously1 the returning players waiting for a signal from the leader before throwing4 ,as players become proficient1 the game may be made more skillful and interesting by increasing the distance between the throwing line and the stake1 and also by lessening the size of the square drawn around the stake1 in which the guard is confined4 ,,stealing ,,sticks 7,see also ,prisoner's ,base47 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,the ground is divided into two equal parts1 with a small goal marked off at the rear of each part1 in which six sticks are placed4 ,each player who reaches the enemy's goal safely may carry one stick back to his own goal1 and may not be caught while carrying it back4 ,if caught in the enemy's territory before reaching the goal1 a player must remain a prisoner in the goal until touched by one of his own side2 neither may be caught while returning4 ,any player may catch any opponent1 except under the rules just stated4 ,no stick may be taken by a side while any of its men are prisoners4 ,the game is won by the side gaining all of the sticks4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,stealing ,,sticks ,this game is known also by the name of ,scots and ,english and probably originated in border warfare4 ,the players sometimes contribute some article of wearing apparel to the pile of property that is to be stolen instead of using sticks for the purpose4 ,caps and coats are the usual donations4 ,,step #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,the ground is marked off by two parallel lines from fifty to two hundred feet apart4 ,one player1 who is chosen to be counter1 stands on one of these lines with his back to the other players1 who line up on the opposite line4 ,the object of the game is for the players who are lined up in the rear to advance forward until they cross the line where the counter is stationed4 ,they may only advance1 however1 by short stages1 during which the player in front counts ten4 ,the game starts by this forward player counting ten loudly and rapidly1 the other players moving forward while he does this1 but immediately that he says ,ten6 they must stand still1 and he at once turns to look at them4 ,he will call the name of any player or players whom he sees moving1 and any so called must go back to the starting line and begin over again4 ,this counting of ten by the one player and moving forward of the others continues until all have crossed the line where the counter stands4 ,the last one over changes places with him for the next game4 ,this game is a great favorite1 especially with girls1 though the writer has known many boys to play it persistently4 ,the players will learn to use much caution in moving forward1 often stopping before the count of ten1 to be sure that they shall not be caught in motion4 ,the progress thus made may seem slower than that of those who dash forward to the last moment1 but as with the famous hare and tortoise1 this slower but continuous method often wins4 ,,still ,,pond2 ,,no ,,more ,,moving6 7,still water1 still water1 stop67 #e to #cj or more players4 ,parlor2 gymnasium2 playground4 ,one player is blindfolded2 the others scatter promiscuously4 ,the blindfolded player is led to the center of the playground1 and asked3-- ,how many horses has your father in his stable8 ,he replies1 ,three4 ,what color are they8 ,black1 white1 and gray4 ,turn around three times and catch whom you may4 ,the blindfolded player is then spun around so as to confuse his sense of direction4 ,he then says1 ,still pond2 no more moving6 whereupon the other players must stand still1 being allowed only three steps thereafter4 ,the blindfolded player begins to grope for the others4 ,when he catches one1 he must guess by touching the hair1 dress1 etc41 whom he has caught4 ,if he guesses correctly1 the player changes places with him4 ,if incorrectly1 he must go on with his search4 ,the players may resort to any reasonable devices for escaping the hands of the groping blind man1 such as stooping or dodging1 so long as they do not take more than three steps4 ,when caught1 a player may try to disguise his identity by making himself shorter1 etc4 ,,stone #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,a large circle is drawn on the ground or floor in the center of the play space4 ,at either end of the ground a goal is marked off4 ,one player1 chosen to be stone1 sits on the floor in the circle4 ,the other players stand around outside the circle1 taunting the stone by stepping over into his territory4 ,suddenly1 and the more unexpectedly the better1 the stone rises and runs for the other players1 who are only safe from tagging when behind one of the goals4 ,any one so tagged becomes a stone and joins the first stone in sitting near the center of the circle4 ,they also join him in chasing the other players whenever he gives the signal4 ,this continues until all the players have been tagged4 ,,stoop ,,tag 7,squat ,tag7 #d to #fj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,one player is ,it and chases the others1 trying to tag one of them4 ,a player may escape being tagged by suddenly stooping or squatting2 but each player may stoop but three times4 ,after the third time of stooping1 the player may resort only to running to escape being tagged4 ,any player tagged becomes ,it4 ,for large numbers of players there should be several taggers4 ,,sun ,,dial #b to #aj players4 ,gymnasium2 playground2 seashore4 ,a circle from twelve to twenty feet in diameter is drawn on the ground4 ,this is intersected with straight lines1 like the spokes of a wheel1 which divide it into twelve sections1 numbered consecutively from one to twelve4 ,one player is blindfolded1 placed in the center 7on the hub of the wheel71 and turned around several times to confuse his sense of direction4 ,he then walks around inside the rim while counting twelve1 or repeating the verse3-- ,dickery1 dickery1 dock2 ,the mouse ran up the clock2 ,the clock struck ten ,he ran down again1 ,dickery1 dickery1 dock4 ,he stops on the last word1 and the number of the space in which he stands is scored to his credit2 for instance1 if he stops in section eight1 it scores eight points for him2 if in section three1 it scores three points1 etc4 ,should he stop with one foot on a line or outside the circle1 he scores nothing4 ,the players take turns1 each having but one trial at a turn4 ,the game is won by the player first scoring twenty-five or fifty points1 as may be decided4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,sun ,,dial ,,tag ,the game of plain1 old-fashioned ,tag may be made great sport1 especially if suddenly and unexpectedly commenced in a group of players when other interests seem to lag4 ,the game has many variations1 a considerable number of which are here given1 each variation making practically a different game4 ,this game is found in all countries and is prehistoric4 ,it is supposed to have arisen from the idea of fleeing from an evil spirit1 and in those forms from which immunity is found by touching wood or iron or taking some particular position1 that especial feature is supposed to have originated in the idea of breaking the spell of the pursuing evil4 ,the following tag games will be found in their alphabetical order3-- ,cross ,tag ,fence ,tag ,french ,tag ,hang ,tag ,home ,tag ,japanese ,tag 7,over7 ,maze ,tag 7,line ,tag2 ,right ,face7 ,old ,man ,tag ,partner ,tag ,schoolroom ,tag ,shadow ,tag ,stoop ,tag 7,squat ,tag7 ,tag ,whip ,tag ,,tag #d to #fj players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,tag in its simplest form may be started by any one of a group of players suddenly turning to another1 touching 7tagging7 him and saying ,you're ,it6 when all must flee from the one who is ,it4 ,the player who is ,it may chase and tag any other player whom he chooses1 but will aid his own ends by suddenly turning his attention from one player to another1 or by doubling back on his course1 or resorting to any of the other feints that give an unexpected turn to a game of chase4 ,the players who are being chased will add to the zest of the game by venturing as close as possible to the one who is ,it1 calling to him and taunting him with their proximity1 and suddenly dodging away4 ,when a player is hard pressed or breathless1 or does not wish to play1 he may become immune from tagging by crossing any one finger over its neighbor on either hand1 as the forefinger over the middle finger4 ,it is considered babyish1 however1 to resort to this unless there is some very good reason4 ,a player who has had a good fair chase ought to be willing to be ,it if caught4 ,any player whom the chaser tags immediately becomes ,it1 but the chaser1 in touching him1 must say ,you're ,it6 ,at his own discretion he may add ,no fair1 which means that the one who has just become ,it may not turn at once and tag him4 ,a venturesome player1 however1 will omit this1 especially if he should tag another player from behind1 and trust to his own powers of dodging for getting safely away4 ,where there are a large number of players1 two or more may be chosen to be ,it4 ,,tag ,,the ,,wall ,,relay #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,the players should all be seated1 an even number in each row of seats4 ,at a signal1 the last player in each line runs forward and tags the front wall4 ,as soon as this player is out of the aisle1 the others all move backward one seat4 ,this leaves the front seat vacant1 and the runner having touched the wall returns immediately and takes this vacant front seat4 ,as the player sits he raises his hand1 which is a signal for the player who is now the last one in the line to run forward1 the line moving backward one place as soon as he is out of the aisle4 ,he1 in turn1 having touched the wall1 takes the vacant front seat4 ,the play is continued in this way until every one in the row has run4 ,the line wins whose player1 sitting at the start in the front seat1 first returns to his seat4 ,as in all schoolroom games where there is running1 the seated players should be very careful to keep their feet under the desks1 so there will be nothing in the aisles over which the runners may trip4 ,this is one of the best class room games and is very popular4 ,,ten ,,steps #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 indoors4 ,this is a game of hide and seek and like all such games is best played where there is plenty of space and many hiding places4 ,the distinctive feature of this game is the peculiar limitation put on the opportunity to hide1 which may even free the blinder from his task4 ,the one who is ,it1 or hunter1 blinds his eyes and counts ten while the other players run for hiding places4 ,as soon as the one who is blinding says ,ten6 the players must all stand motionless whereever they happen to be1 while he turns at once to look for them4 ,any player whom he sees moving must come back to the goal and start over again4 ,the hunter repeats this five times1 and any player not entirely out of sight the fifth time the hunter turns must change places with him1 the original hunter becoming a spectator of the game4 ,having called ,ten6 and turned to look for moving players five times1 the hunter 7or the one taking his place1 as explained above7 counts one hundred1 to give the players time to reach final hiding places1 and the game proceeds as in regular ,i ,spy4 ,,thimble ,,ring #aj to #cj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,all of the players but one stand in a circle1 each one clasping with his left hand the right wrist of his left-hand neighbor4 ,this leaves all of the right hands free and all of the left hands occupied4 ,the odd player stands in the center of the circle1 and tries to detect who holds the thimble that is passed from hand to hand4 ,each player in the circle places his right hand first in the hand of his neighbor on the right and then in the hand of the neighbor on the left1 keeping this movement going rhythmically1 while the entire circle repeats the lines3-- ,the thimble is going1 ,i don't know where2 ,it is first over here and then over there4 ,when the player in the center thinks he knows who has the thimble1 he goes up to him and says3 ,my lady's lost her thimble4 ,have you it8 ,if correct1 these two players change places4 ,if incorrect1 the one who is ,it demands of the player addressed to find it4 ,this player1 in turn1 has one guess4 ,if correct1 he takes the place of the one who has the thimble1 the one who was ,it taking the vacant place in the circle1 and the one who held the thimble going to the center4 ,should the player be incorrect in his guess1 he changes places with the one in the center4 ,,third ,,man 7,see also ,three ,deep and ,last ,man47 #ae to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this game is another form of the game commonly known as ,three ,deep1 but instead of being played in the circular formation1 the players are scattered irregularly over the playground4 ,all of the players but two take partners and scatter in any irregular way4 ,the players forming each couple stand facing each other1 with the distance of a long step between them4 ,to make a success of the game1 the distance should be considerable between the various couples4 ,of the two odd players1 one is runner and the other chaser1 the object of the latter being to tag the runner4 ,the runner may take refuge between any two players who are standing as a couple4 ,the moment that he does so1 the one toward whom his back is turned becomes third man1 and must in his turn try to escape being tagged by the chaser4 ,should the chaser tag the runner1 they exchange places1 the runner immediately becoming chaser and the chaser being liable instantly to tagging4 ,,third ,,slap #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,the players should be divided into groups of from five to ten each4 ,one in each group is chosen to be ,it2 the others line up in front of him1 all standing at a distance of from thirty to fifty feet from a goal previously decided on4 ,the players in the line hold their hands extended forward the length of the forearm1 the elbows being bent and touching the sides2 the palms should be turned downward4 ,the one who is ,it tries to slap the hands of any of the players1 who may evade him by bending the hands downward1 upward1 or sideways1 at the wrist1 but may not withdraw the arm or change the position of the elbow4 ,any player who receives three slaps1 whether on one or both hands1 immediately upon receiving the third slap1 chases the one who is ,it toward the goal4 ,should the slapper be caught before he reaches the goal1 he must continue as before1 but if he succeeds in reaching the goal in safety1 he changes places with his pursuer1 who becomes ,it1 or slapper1 for the next round4 ,this game may have much sport in it if the one who is taking the part of slapper be very alert and agile in his movements1 dodging quickly from one player to another1 and making many false moves to throw the players off their guard as to where he is going to strike next4 ,this game is very popular with children1 and is an amusing diversion for young people for house parties4 ,,three ,,deep 7,see also ,third ,man and ,last ,man47 #ae to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this game is one of the standard favorites for both children and adults4 ,all of the players but two form in a double ring1 facing inward2 that is1 in two concentric circles1 with one player directly behind another4 ,there are several methods of getting players into this formation4 ,one method is to have the players march in column two abreast1 form in a circle1 and all face inward4 ,another method is to have the players form in a circle in single file2 one player steps in front of his neighbor on the right1 and each alternate player in quick succession around the circle does the same1 thus accomplishing the end of bringing all of the players in couples one behind another4 ,the two odd players1 one of whom is runner and the other chaser1 start outside of the circle1 generally one of them being on one side of the circle and the other opposite4 ,the object of the game is for the chaser to tag the runner4 ,the runner may save himself by stopping in front of any couple standing in the circle1 whereupon1 that file having been made three deep1 the outer player or third man becomes at once liable to tagging1 and in his turn becomes runner and tries to evade the chaser4 ,he may seek refuge in the same way in front of a couple4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,three ,,deep ,should the chaser tag the runner1 they exchange places1 the runner immediately becoming chaser1 and the chaser being liable instantly to tagging4 ,it will thus be seen that great alertness is necessary on the part of any one standing on the outside of the circle1 as at any moment the runner may take refuge in front of his file or couple1 making him the third man and liable to be tagged4 ,it is not permissible for any third man to take refuge in front of the couple standing immediately on his right or left when he becomes third man4 ,both runner and chaser may dash through the circle1 but may not pause for a moment within the circle1 except when the runner claims refuge in front of some couple4 ,when players are inclined to confuse the play by hesitating while running through the circle1 this privilege of running through is sometimes forbidden1 all the chasing being confined to the outside of the circle4 ,,variation4--,this game may be varied by having the players who form the circle stand face to face1 with a distance of one long step between each two1 instead of all facing toward the center of the circle4 ,in this form of the game the runner takes refuge between the two forming the couple1 the one toward whom his back is turned being the third man4 ,both runner and chaser may run between the two circles of players4 ,this may be made one of the jolliest games possible1 and also one of the best for making slow and dull players alert and active4 ,the author has seen many a class of slow-minded children waken to much quicker mental action as well as greater physical agility by this game4 ,for adult players it may be thoroughly delightful4 ,the writer recalls a class of adult business men in a ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 gymnasium who resorted even to leapfrog tactics in the strenuous sport they put into this game4 ,,tommy ,,tiddler',s ,,ground #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,the ground is divided by a line into two equal parts4 ,one of these belongs to ,tommy ,tiddler1 who stands on his side of the line and may not cross it4 ,all of the other players are on the other side of the line1 and venture across the line into ,tommy ,tiddler's ground1 taunting him with the remark1-- ,i'm on ,tommy ,tiddler's ground1 ,picking up gold and silver6 ,tommy may tag any one on his ground1 and any one so tagged changes places with him4 ,the players will learn to add to the interest of the game by venturing as near ,tommy ,tiddler as possible and being very tantalizing in inducing him to run after them4 ,tommy ,tiddler1 on his part1 will find opportunity for considerable finesse1 such as in appearing to give his attention entirely to one player1 then suddenly turning and dashing for another4 ,,tossing ,,wands #aj to #fj or more players4 ,gymnasium2 playground2 schoolroom4 ,this game is played in two forms1 line form and circle form4 ,,line ,,form4--,the players stand in two lines or ranks facing each other1 all those in one line being provided with gymnasium wands about three feet in length4 ,a leader is appointed who either counts or commands as a signal for tossing the wands back and forth from one line to the other3 as1 ,one1 two1 three--toss6 ,this is even more effective if gymnastic movements be taken on the three counts1 as bending the trunk forward with the wand downward1 stretching the arms upward with the wand overhead1 extending it forward at shoulder height1 and then tossing backward over the head4 ,the signals for this would be ,bend6 ,stretch6 ,out6 ,toss6 ,the wands should first be held in the hand with the palms upward1 and caught with the hands in the same position4 ,later1 the hand position should be reversed1 the wand being grasped with the downward-turned palms4 ,,circle ,,form4--,when players are proficient in catching in opposite lines or ranks1 they should form a circle1 facing around in single file1 each player being provided with a wand which is tossed backward over the head and caught by the player behind4 ,this may be done best rhythmically with the exercises and commands mentioned above1 ,bend6 ,stretch6 ,out6 ,toss6 ,the wand should be caught with the palms outward4 ,any player failing to catch a wand drops out of the game4 ,with a little practice1 however1 this usually resolves itself into a quick drill rather than a game2 but it is a most interesting1 skillful1 and diverting play4 ,,trades #aj to #fj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this game is the boys' form of the game played by girls as ,old ,woman from the ,woods4 ,the players divide into two equal parties4 ,one party retires and decides on some trade or occupation1 whereupon they advance toward the second party1 saying3-- ,here are some men from ,botany ,bay4 ,got any work to give us to-day8 ,the second party asks1 ,what can you do8 ,the first party answers1 ,anything4 ,the second party says1 ,set to work1 then6 whereupon they go through pantomimic motions descriptive of the occupation chosen1 such as planing1 sawing1 or hammering1 for the carpenter2 the motions of the bricklayer1 tailor1 cobbler1 motor-man1 etc4 ,the second party guesses what this pantomime indicates4 ,should they guess correctly1 they have a turn at representing a trade4 ,should they fail1 the first party has another trial4 ,when played in a playground or gymnasium1 where there is a good running space1 a successful guess should be followed by a chase of the actors by the guessing party1 any players caught before a designated goal line is reached having to join the party of their captors4 ,the party wins which secures all of the players4 ,the following activities and occupations were shown by one class of city boys3 milking cows1 grinding coffee1 hanging wall paper1 traveling salesmen 7displaying and measuring goods71 rooting a baseball team1 ,marathon race1 picking cherries1 basket-ball game1 oiling sewing machine1 blowing up bicycle tires1 running a lawn mower1 bricklaying4 ,,tree ,,party #e to #fj players4 ,out of doors4 ,in these days of nature study this game is especially appropriate4 ,it may be used on any ground or strip of woodland where there is a variety of trees1 the game consisting in identifying the trees4 ,a tag or card is fastened on one or more trees of each variety within certain prescribed limits4 ,these cards may be made as fanciful or as rustic as desired4 ,birch bark is very appropriate for them1 and for either birch bark or a conventional card a pretty element may be added by writing some appropriate quotation or verse1 after the ,japanese custom4 ,the main object of each card1 however1 is to bear a number4 ,each player is provided with a card or slip of paper containing a list of numbers corresponding to those on the trees4 ,thus1 if fifteen trees be numbered1 there should be fifteen numbers on each player's card4 ,the players1 having been provided each with a card and pencil1 wander at will over the designated territory4 ,whenever a number is discovered on a tree1 the player1 if he knows the name of the tree1 writes it on his own card opposite the corresponding number4 ,for most companies1 popular rather than botanical names of the trees are permissible4 ,at a signal--a bell1 whistle1 horn1 or call--the players all assemble4 ,the host or hostess then reads a correct list1 each player checking the card that he holds4 ,the player wins who has the largest number of names correct4 ,the writer has known this game to be a most beautiful diversion for a lawn party on a large estate1 and has a feeling appreciation of how many trees most people will find it hard to name in even a familiar strip of woodland4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,city ,,playground ,,triple ,,change #aj to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 parlor4 ,the players form a circle1 with the exception of three who stand in the center4 ,those forming the circle and those in the center number off in threes4 ,the players in the center take turns in calling each his number1 as ,one6 ,two6 or ,three6 whereupon all of the players in the circle who hold that number quickly change places with each other1 the one who called the number trying to catch one as he runs to a new place4 ,any player so caught changes places with the caller4 ,for instance1 the center player may call ,three6 whereupon all of the ,numbers ,three in the circle must change places4 ,they may do this by changing with a near neighbor1 or tantalize the one who called by running across the circle4 ,the center players take turns in calling numbers4 ,for instance1 if the first one fails to secure a place1 then the second of the center group calls4 ,should the first succeed in catching one of the other players1 the player so caught will await his turn in the center until ,numbers ,two and ,three have each had a turn at calling before he calls a number4 ,,tug ,,of ,,war 7,see ,catch and ,pull ,tug of ,war and ,wand ,tug of ,war2 also ,contests for ,two1 under ,feats and ,forfeits47 ,,under ,,the ,,cuckoo',s ,,nest #e to #cj players4 ,house party2 out of doors4 ,one player is chosen as leader1 and stands up1 generally with his back against a wall or post1 while a second player1 who is the cuckoo1 bends down1 as for leapfrog1 with his head against the leader4 ,the other players stand around in a circle1 each placing a finger on the back of the cuckoo4 ,the leader then counts off the fingers of the players with the following rhyme1 indicating a finger for each accent of the rhyme3-- ,the wind blows east1 the wind blows west1 ,the wind blows under the cuckoo's nest4 ,where shall this or that one go8 ,shall he go east or shall he go west8 ,or shall he go under the cuckoo's nest8 ,the player whose finger is indicated by the last word of the rhyme must then go to any place directed by the cuckoo1 who1 if he has any intimation of the identity of the player1 may use considerable tact in choosing a difficult or interesting place2 as on some high point to which it is difficult to climb1 or under some low object under which it is hard to crawl1 some distant place1 etc4 ,one player1 however1 must be directed to hide under the cuckoo's nest1 and this player takes a position at the feet of the cuckoo4 ,this is a favored position4 ,when all of the players have been thus disposed1 the leader calls1 ,pom1 pom1 cooketty coo6 ,as soon as this call is heard1 the players run back and pound the cuckoo on the back until the last one is in4 ,this last one becomes the cuckoo for the next repetition of the game4 ,,vaulting ,,seats #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,this game is played the same as ,changing ,seats1 except that the pupils vault over the seats instead of sitting in them4 ,the game may be played anywhere above the third year4 ,the teacher gives the order ,right1 jump6 whereupon all of the pupils jump over their seats toward the right-hand side of the room4 ,the row that is displaced1 now standing in the right-hand aisle1 runs at once around the room to the left-hand aisle4 ,the teacher then repeats her command4 ,the directions for the vaulting should be varied and unexpected1 several being given to the right1 then several to the left1 etc4 ,the method of vaulting is to place one hand on the edge of the desk at the back of the seat to be vaulted over1 and one hand on the desk that goes with the seat to be vaulted over4 ,the hand should preferably be placed halfway between the two aisles1 to assist both the jump and the landing4 ,while placing the hands1 pupils should crouch in a position ready to spring1 with the heels raised1 knees spread outward1 and back straight and erect4 ,they should land in the same position1 as the bend of the ankle1 knee1 and hip joints breaks the jar of landing4 ,,wand ,,race #aj to #cj or more players4 ,gymnasium2 playground2 schoolroom4 ,an objective line1 fence1 or wall is chosen1 and from ten to twenty feet from it and parallel with it a starting line is drawn4 ,the players stand behind this line and toe it4 ,if there be a large number1 they form in competitive files as for a relay race1 the leaders of each division toeing the line4 ,each leader balances on the forefinger a gymnasium wand1 the other hand being placed on the hip1 and walks forward to the objective line1 all starting at a given signal4 ,should the wand be dropped1 it must be picked up and the effort resumed from the place where this happened4 ,the first one to reach the objective line wins2 or1 if a relay1 scores for his division4 ,the division wins that gets the largest score4 ,if desired1 the winners1 i4e4 those scoring for the different lines1 may play off against each other1 after all of the other players have had their turn4 ,,wand ,,tug ,,of ,,war #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this game is played with wooden gymnastic wands1 from three to five feet in length1 and not less then one inch in diameter4 ,there should be half as many wands as there are players4 ,a line is drawn across the center of the floor or playground4 ,the players are divided into two divisions1 one standing on each side of the dividing line1 so that each player faces an opponent4 ,these grasp each the end of a wand1 held horizontally between them4 ,at a signal a tug of war begins1 each player trying to pull his opponent across the line4 ,any one who puts a foot on the ground of the opponent's territory ceases the struggle and must come across the line4 ,the division wins which has the greatest number of players on its side of the line at the end4 ,the game is best played in two or three five-minute intervals1 with rests between4 ,,water ,,sprite #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,the players stand in two lines facing each other1 with a large open space representing a river between4 ,one player1 representing the water sprite1 stands in the middle of the river and beckons to one on the bank to cross4 ,this one signals to a third player on the opposite bank or side of the river4 ,the two from the banks then run across to exchange places1 the water sprite trying to tag one of them4 ,if the water sprite be successful1 he changes places with the one tagged4 ,this is a ,chinese game1 reported by ,miss ,adle ,m4 ,fielde1 and is based upon the superstition that a water sprite waits in the middle of a stream to entice people into it1 probably an outgrowth of spring freshets4 ,,weather ,,cock #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,this game1 besides offering much sport1 may be made to serve a useful purpose in familiarizing children with the points of the compass4 ,the class having learned which directions are north1 east1 south1 and west1 one player1 who represents the weather bureau1 stands in front of the others 7or the teacher may take this part71 and calls out which way the wind blows4 ,for instance1 when he says1 ,the wind blows north the players turn quickly toward the north2 if he says west1 the players turn to the west2 whenever he says whirlwind1 the players all spin around quickly three times on the right heel4 ,the interest will depend very largely on the rapidity and variety with which the leader calls the various points of the compass4 ,for older children1 halfway points may be named1 as northwest1 southeast1 etc4 ,,wee ,,bologna ,,man #b to #fj or more players4 ,parlor2 playground2 schoolroom4 ,i'm the wee ,bologna ,man4 ,always do the best you can1 ,to follow the wee ,bologna ,man4 ,a leader who can be very brisk in movement and resourceful in ideas stands in front of the other players and repeats this verse rapidly1 imitating each time he repeats the verse some one action characteristic of the members of a band4 ,for instance1 the first time he may go through the pantomime of playing a fife2 the next time1 without any pause between1 he may imitate the beating of a drum2 the next1 playing a fiddle1 trombone1 flute1 cymbals1 triangle1 imitate the drum major1 etc4 ,all of the other players follow his movements4 ,the sport will depend largely upon the rapidity of the time and the vivacity that is put into the movements4 ,,for ,,the ,,schoolroom4--,the head players in the different lines of seats should take turns in being the ,bologna ,man1 and the movements should be such as will afford effective exercise4 ,for instance1 the first player will stand and repeat the verse while hopping on one foot1 the entire class joining in the hopping4 ,the moment he is through1 the leader of the next row should jump up1 face the class1 and repeat the verse1 going through some other motion1 such as hopping on the other foot2 he1 in turn1 to be succeeded by the next leader1 etc4 ,many gymnastic movements will suggest themselves1 such as jumping on both feet1 jumping forward down the aisle frog fashion1 jumping high in place1 running in place1 stretching the arms out sideways and bending sideways like a walking beam1 whirling both arms around like a windmill1 taking a dance step1 etc4 ,this is one of the ,scotch plays1 and like most ,scotch things of the sort1 should be done in brisk time4 ,,whip ,,tag 7,light the ,candle2 ,beetle-goes-,round7 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this game may be played with a knotted towel1 though it is perhaps more skillful and interesting when played with a beetle1 a small cylindrical sack about twenty inches long1 stuffed with cotton1 and resembling in general proportions a policeman's club4 ,all but one of the players stand in a circle with hands behind their backs4 ,the odd player runs around the outside carrying the beetle1 which he drops in the hands of any player in the circle4 ,that player immediately turns to chase his right-hand neighbor1 beating him as much as he can find opportunity for while he chases him around the circle and back to his place4 ,it is obviously to the interest of this neighbor to outrun the beetle and escape a buffeting4 ,the one holding the beetle then takes the place of the first outside player1 that one joining the ring4 ,the new beetle man1 in turn1 runs around on the outside and drops the beetle in any hands which he chooses4 ,the sport of this game depends on the alertness of the players1 as not only the one who receives the beetle but his right-hand neighbor must know when and where the beetle lands1 and turn quickly for the chase4 ,the player running around the outside will add to the zest of the game by trying to deceive the ring players as to where he is going to place the beetle1 quickening or slowing his pace1 or resorting to other devices to keep them on the alert4 ,,who ,,goes ,,round ,,my ,,stone ,,wall8 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,there are two ways of playing this game4 ,the one first described is better suited to schools and general playground conditions2 the second is quite distinct1 and may have better sport for parlor use4 ,the players stand in a circle1 numbering preferably twenty or less1 with a little space between each two players1 and not holding hands4 ,they represent a sheepfold1 but later1 as each is chosen from the circle1 he takes the part of a sheep4 ,one player is chosen to be ,jacky ,lingo1 who walks around outside of the circle4 ,another1 who is the shepherd or owner of the sheep1 stands in the center of the circle4 ,the owner says1 ,who goes round my stone wall8 ,the outside player answers1 ,nobody2 only little ,jacky ,lingo4 ,pray don't steal any of my fat sheep4 ,jacky ,lingo answers3 ,unless ,i take one-by-one1 two-by-two1 three-by-three6 ,follow me6 ,as ,jacky ,lingo says his last line1 he taps three different players on the back1 one for one-by-one1 another for two-by-two1 and a third for three-by-three4 ,if a large number be playing1 he may tap two for each count instead of one1 making six in all4 ,as the players are tapped1 they step out from the sheepfold and line up back of ,jacky ,lingo1 each one in the line placing his hands on the shoulders of the one next in front4 ,this is continued until all the players are taken by ,jacky ,lingo1 who then runs off around the ground with them4 ,the owner goes after them1 faces ,jacky ,lingo1 and says1 ,have you seen anything of my black sheep8 ,yes2 ,i gave them a lot of bread and butter and sent them up there 7pointing to left or right74 ,then what have you got behind you8 ,only a few poor black sheep4 ,well1 let me see6 ,here's my black sheep6 ,the owner then tries to catch the sheep1 and this ,jacky ,lingo tries to prevent4 ,any sheep in the line may be touched by the owner1 and when so touched he steps out of the line and stands aside until all are caught4 ,,variation4--,when played indoors or on the turf1 the game may be played by the owner being blindfolded and taking a position on hands and knees--all fours4 ,the dialogue is the same as given above1 and the gathering in of the sheep by ,jacky ,lingo the same1 except that the players do not line up behind him4 ,they simply stray over the ground when he takes them from the fold4 ,when all are scattered in this way1 they begin to cry1 ,baa-a6 baa-a6 and the owner1 still on all fours and blinded1 tries to catch them4 ,the first one caught becomes shepherd the next time4 ,,wink #i to #be players4 ,house party4 ,an uneven number of players are required for this game4 ,enough chairs are placed in a circle to allow one chair to each two players and one for the odd player1 that is1 half as many chairs as there are players1 with one player over4 ,a player sits in each chair1 all facing inward4 ,behind each chair stands a second player1 who acts as guard4 ,there should be one empty chair with a guard behind it4 ,this odd player winks at some one sitting in the circle1 who at once tries to slip out of his chair without being tagged by his guard and take his place in the empty chair4 ,he may not go if he be tagged by his guard4 ,the object of the guards should be to avoid being the keeper of an empty chair1 and therefore the one who has to wink4 ,the players try to evade the vigilance of the guards by the quickness and unexpectedness of their movements4 ,the guards may not keep their hands on their prisoners1 but must have them hanging at their sides until they see their players winked at4 ,they may not dash around the sides of the chairs which they guard1 but must stay all the time behind them4 ,nodding the head may be used instead of winking1 but is more apparent to the guards4 ,,wolf #e to #cj or more players4 ,out of doors4 ,this is an admirable hide and seek game where there are many hiding places1 as in a village or the country4 ,one player is chosen for the wolf1 who goes off and hides4 ,the rest of the players are sheep1 with one of their number as leader4 ,a place is chosen for a pen where the sheep must stay and blind their eyes while the wolf is hiding4 ,this pen may be a tree or rock or a square or circle drawn on the ground4 ,the leader counts one hundred1 to give the wolf time to hide4 ,the sheep then start out1 but must all follow their leader like sheep1 looking for the wolf in each place where the leader may search for him4 ,this game differs from most other hiding games in that the searchers are the ones who have to flee for safety when the hider is discovered4 ,as soon as the wolf is spied1 the leader cries3-- ,all my sheep ,gather in a heap2 ,for ,i spy the woolly1 woolly wolf6 ,the sheep at once stand still until the wolf has taken a jump toward them1 which he must do before he may chase them2 but immediately that the wolf has made his leap1 the sheep all turn and run for the sheep pen1 the wolf following4 ,as the wolf may not run until he hears the word wolf at the end of the leader's lines1 the latter often tantalizes the wolf by saying1 ,i spy the woolly1 woolly--lamb6 or the woolly1 woolly--cat6 or names any other animal he chooses1 with a pause before the name1 to prolong the suspense of the impatient wolf1 finally ending up with the woolly1 woolly--wolf6 ,any sheep tagged by the wolf becomes a wolf and joins the wolf the next time1 hiding either in the same den with him or in a separate den4 ,when there is more than one wolf1 the leader halts his sheep whenever he spies a wolf1 whether it be the original wolf or not1 and all of the wolves join in the chase when the sheep run back to the pen4 ,the game ends when all of the sheep have been caught4 ,the wolf has several resources at his command for catching sheep in addition to a simple chase4 ,if at any time while in hiding he spies the sheep before they spy him1 and considers their position in relation to the goal advantageous to himself1 he may call1 ,stand your ground1 three feet6 whereupon the sheep must instantly stand still and then take three steps toward the wolf and stand again until he jumps toward them1 when the chase for the sheep pen begins4 ,the wolf may also exercise considerable finesse by running directly for the pen if he be in a position to reach it quicker or more directly than by chasing the sheep4 ,should he reach the pen first1 he may then tag the sheep as they run in4 ,one sheep may act as a decoy to engage the attention of the wolf while the others run into the pen4 ,,wood ,,tag #c to #cj or more players4 ,out of doors2 gymnasium4 ,this is a game of tag4 ,when there are more than thirty players1 it is desirable to have two or more who are ,it1 or taggers4 ,the players venture as near as possible to the one who is ,it1 taunting him by crying1 ,ticky1 ticky1 touch wood6 ,any player may seek immunity from being tagged by touching a piece of wood4 ,no growing thing1 however1 such as a tree or shrub1 is to be considered as wood4 ,no player may stay very long in any place of safety1 and the moment his hand or foot be taken from the wood he is liable to be tagged4 ,a player who is not near wood may gain a few minutes' respite by calling out ,parley6 but he must stand perfectly still in the place where he then is1 the tagger being able to tag him if he makes the slightest move of any part of his body4 ,when such a player decides to run again1 he calls out1 ,parley out6 ,this game affords opportunity for a great deal of sport through the making of false starts and the daring approach to the one who is ,it1 who1 in turn1 may make sudden and unexpected sorties in different directions4 ,like ,iron ,tag1 this game is very ancient1 and has evidently come from an old superstition that to touch iron or some other particular substance gave immunity from the spell of evil spirits4 ,,wrestling 7,see ,contests for ,two under ,feats and ,forfeits47 ,,yards ,,off #c to #cj or more players4 ,out of doors4 ,this is a form of ,i ,spy or ,hide and ,seek1 and seems indigenous to ,new ,york4 ,all players properly caught by the spy become prisoners1 but may be freed in a prescribed way4 ,the procedure which gives time for hiding is also distinctive4 ,two players are chosen1 one to be ,it and one for stick thrower4 ,all the players stand grouped around a goal1 and the stick thrower throws a stick as far away from the goal as he can4 ,as soon as the stick touches the ground1 all of the players1 including the thrower1 but not the one who is ,it1 scatter and hide4 ,the one who is ,it must walk to the stick 7never run71 take it up1 bring it back1 and stand it up1 resting against the goal4 ,he then starts to hunt for the hidden players4 ,he must run back and touch the goal for any player whom he discovers1 saying1 ,one1 two1 three1 for--6 naming the player4 ,any one caught in this way becomes a prisoner at the goal4 ,any player who has not been detected by the spy may run in to the goal at any time and throw the stick away1 whereby all of the prisoners1 i4e4 those who have been spied and previously caught1 become free and hide again4 ,whenever this freeing of prisoners happens1 the spy must return to the goal1 walk to the stick1 pick it up1 walk back with it to the goal again1 and go on with the play as before4 ,this continues until the spy has touched the goal for all of the players1 though they need not all be prisoners at once4 ,any player spied who reaches the goal before the spy1 is thereafter free2 i4e4 out of the game4 ,the last one caught becomes spy for the next game4 ,,quiet ,,games ,,quiet ,,games ,,note4--,the games in this division are not necessarily noiseless or lacking in movement2 but are distinguished from the active games largely by the lack of chasing or other vigorous exercise4 ,,author',s ,,initials #b to #fj players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom4 ,each player is given a piece of paper on which is written various series or groups of words1 each group descriptive of some author1 and each word beginning with one of his initials in regular order4 ,the player wins who guesses the largest number of authors4 ,the following are suggested2 others may be devised3-- #a4 ,juveniles firmly conquered 7,james ,fenimore ,cooper74 #b4 ,name honored 7,nathaniel ,hawthorne74 #c4 ,bright humor 7,bret ,harte74 #d4 ,one wholesome humorist 7,oliver ,wendell ,holmes74 #e4 ,really lasting stories 7,robert ,louis ,stevenson74 #f4 ,cheerful laborer 7,charles ,lamb74 #g4 ,tender1 brilliant author 7,thomas ,bailey ,aldrich74 #h4 ,heroism wisely lauded 7,henry ,wadsworth ,longfellow74 #i4 ,just1 gentle writer 7,john ,greenleaf ,whittier74 #aj4 ,poetry bridged skyward 7,percy ,bysche ,shelley74 #aa4 ,clever delineator 7,charles ,dickens74 #ab4 ,rare brain 7,robert ,browning74 #ac4 ,weird imagination 7,washington ,irving74 ,b ,,game #e to #cj or more players4 ,house party4 ,each player is given a sheet of paper with numbered questions prepared like the following list4 ,the answer to each question is to be written opposite it1 and must consist of the letter ,b as an initial and added to it the number of letters designated1 the whole conforming to the definition given4 ,the following examples will illustrate3-- #a4 ,b and one letter1 meaning to exist4--,be4 #b4 ,b and two letters forming a sack4--,bag4 #c4 ,b and three letters forming a storehouse4--,barn4 #d4 ,b and three letters1 side of a stream4--,bank4 #e4 ,b and three letters1 a young creature4--,baby4 #f4 ,b and three letters1 a bag of goods4--,bale4 #g4 ,b and three letters1 without hair4--,bald4 #h4 ,b and three letters1 a surety4--,bond4 #i4 ,b and three letters1 timber4--,beam4 #aj4 ,b and three letters1 a vegetable4--,beet4--,bean4 #aa4 ,b and three letters1 a poet4--,bard4 #ab4 ,b and three letters1 a drink4--,beer4 #ac4 ,b and three letters1 a globule4--,bead4 #ad4 ,b and three letters1 part of a bird4--,beak4 #ae4 ,b and three letters1 a vessel4--,boat4 #af4 ,b and four letters1 an appendage4--,beard4 #ag4 ,b and four letters1 a tree4--,beech4 #ah4 ,b and four letters1 to commence4--,begin4 #ai4 ,b and four letters1 a strand4--,beach4 #bj4 ,b and four letters1 a receptacle4--,basin4 #ba4 ,b and four letters1 a kind of meat4--,bacon4 #bb4 ,b and five letters1 a combat4--,battle4 #bc4 ,b and five letters1 a hound4--,beagle4 #bd4 ,b and five letters1 a signal4--,beacon4 #be4 ,b and five letters1 a cup4--,beaker4 #bf4 ,b and eight letters1 a demon4--,beelzebub4 ,the player wins who answers correctly the largest number4 ,this game may be devised for any initial letter4 ,,bargain ,,counter #e to #cj or more players4 ,house party4 ,each player is provided with a paper and pencil4 ,the following is either written on the papers in advance1 or by the players from dictation1 minus the underscoring4 ,each player is then required to find in the text the names of twenty-five textiles that may be purchased in a dry goods store1 none to be mentioned twice1 indicating each by underscoring4 ,the player wins who has the largest number correct4 ,dolly ,varden1 immaculately dressed1 sat in the window ledge and heard from the church near by the mellow chords of the organ dying slowly away4 ,her silken hair was well drawn back from her forehead low and broad4 ,clothed as she was in pink and green1 she made one think of the spring4 ,she was considered musical2 ,i considered her brilliant in every way4 ,i was before the dresser1 getting ready to go out1 and taking a forkful of cold slaw now and then1 or some mock duck4 ,i want to send a line north1 ,henrietta1 said ,dolly1 bringing ham sandwiches2 for she saw ,i felt hungry4 ,she then wrote this letter3 ,i marvel1 veterans1 if you pause in your good work for lack of cash1 merely as is represented4 ,you should canvas for a book or paper1 ,caleb1 some handy volume1 possibly a duodecimo4 ,hairsplitting terms like this ,i do not often employ1 but1 blessings on the head of ,cadmus6 linguists must sometimes use their hands as well as their wit1 weed gardens1 if need be1 but spare the mullein1 for it seems to me like a flower4 ,always remember that1 though the light burns dim1 it yet will burn4 ,,beast1 ,,bird1 ,,or ,,fish #aj to #cj or more players4 ,parlor2 gymnasium2 playground2 schoolroom4 ,the players stand or are seated1 preferably in a circle4 ,one player stands or sits in the center with a soft ball1 made by crushing paper or knotting up a handkerchief4 ,this is thrown at one of the players by the one in the center1 who says quickly1 ,beast1 bird1 or fish6 then repeats one of these classes and immediately counts ten1 whereupon the player who has been hit by the ball must name some beast or bird or fish1 according to the class last named by the thrower4 ,this must be done before the latter has finished counting ten4 ,for instance1 the thrower will say as he throws1 ,beast1 bird1 or fish6--,bird6 whereupon the player hit by the handkerchief must name a bird while the thrower counts ten4 ,this must not be a repetition of any bird previously named in the game4 ,should the player who is hit by the ball fail to meet the requirements1 he changes places with the thrower4 ,should he succeed1 the thrower repeats the game by hitting some other player4 ,,in ,,the ,,schoolroom this game may be played with all the players but one in their accustomed seats4 ,an old ,english form of this game substitutes the words ,fire1 air1 and water1 for ,beast1 bird1 and fish1 the players being required to name some animal that lives in the air or water when those elements are named1 but to keep silence when fire is named4 ,in this form the game is supposed to be a survival of fire worship4 ,,buzz #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom2 parlor4 ,this is a quiet game1 as distinguished from those requiring much muscular activity4 ,one of the players starts the game by saying ,one2 the next says ,two1 the next ,three1 etc41 until the number ,seven is reached1 when the word ,buzz is substituted for it4 ,the next player says ,eight1 and so on up to a multiple of seven1 such as fourteen1 twenty-one1 twenty-eight1 etc41 on each of which the word ,buzz should be used instead of the right number4 ,the word ,buzz is also substituted for any number in which the word seven occurs1 even though it should not be a multiple of seven1 such as seventeen1 twenty-seven1 thirty-seven1 etc4 ,when seventy is reached1 the counting proceeds as ,buzz-one1 ,buzz-two1 etc41 and seventy-seven is ,buzz-buzz4 ,whenever a player says a number instead of ,buzz1 or says ,buzz in the wrong place1 or calls out a wrong number1 he must pay a forfeit and start the game over again by saying ,one4 ,the game may also be played by having each player who misses drop from the game4 ,where this is done1 and the player retains his seat but is silent1 the game becomes even more confusing for the players who remain4 ,,cake ,,sale ,any number4 ,parlor4 ,each player is given a card or sheet of paper prepared with the following questions1 or they may be dictated at the time4 ,the one wins who has the largest number of answers correct4 ,what kind of cake would you buy for-- #a4 ,sculptors8 7,marble cake47 #b4 ,politicians8 7,plum cake47 #c4 ,geologists8 7,layer cake47 #d4 ,advertisers8 7,cream puffs47 #e4 ,dairymen8 7,cream cake47 #f4 ,milliners8 7,ribbon cake47 #g4 ,his ,satanic ,majesty8 7,angel's food47 #h4 ,babies8 7,patty cakes47 #i4 ,lovers8 7,kisses47 #aj4 ,the betrothed8 7,bride's cake47 #aa4 ,gossips8 7,spice cake47 #ab4 ,carpenters8 7,plain 7plane7 cake47 #ac4 ,idlers8 7,loaf cake47 #ad4 ,pugilists8 7,pound cake47 #ae4 ,one who lives on his friends8 7,sponge cake47 #af4 ,dynamiters8 7,raisin cake47 #ag4 ,invalids8 7,delicate cake47 #ah4 ,convalescents8 7,sunshine cake47 #ai4 ,boodlers8 7,dough-nuts47 #bj4 ,those who sample all these too much8 7,stomach ache47 ,,cat ,,party #e to #cj or more players4 ,house party4 ,each player is provided with a sheet of paper on which are written the following questions4 ,each question is to be answered with a word1 of which the first syllable is cat4 ,the player wins who writes the largest number of correct answers1 the list of answers being read by the host or hostess at the close of the time allowed for the game4 ,examples of questions are given below3-- #a4 ,what sort of cat is allowed in a library8 7,catalogue47 #b4 ,what sort of cat makes you think of reflected sounds8 7,catacoustics47 #c4 ,what sort of cat unites well with a toilet article8 7,catacomb47 #d4 ,what sort of cat requires a physician's attention8 7,catalepsy47 #e4 ,what sort of cat is feared by soldiers8 7,catapult47 #f4 ,what sort of cat is bad for the eyes8 7,cataract47 #g4 ,what sort of cat is to be dreaded8 7,catastrophe47 #h4 ,what sort of cat is allowed on the table8 7,catsup47 #i4 ,what sort of cat goes to ,sunday school8 7,catechism47 #aj4 ,what sort of cat do girls most detest8 7,caterpillar47 #aa4 ,what sort of cat makes small boys weep8 7,cat-o'-nine-tails47 ,,crambo #aj to #cj players4 ,house party4 ,each player is provided with two slips of paper1 and also with another full sheet of paper and a pencil4 ,on one of the slips he writes a question4 ,this may be as serious or absurd as fancy dictates4 ,on the other slip of paper he writes a word1 either a common or proper noun4 ,the slips containing the questions are then collected in a box or hat1 and those containing the nouns in another receptacle4 ,the questions are thoroughly mixed and passed around1 each player drawing one4 ,the same is done with the nouns4 ,each player must then write a verse which shall answer the question and contain the word that he has drawn1 no matter how irrelevant they may be4 ,a time limit is generally given for this performance1 varying with the facility of the players4 ,the following may serve as examples4 ,the author recalls a very grave banker1 not suspected of humor1 who drew the question1 ,how long should you roast a leg of mutton8 ,the word drawn was ,finger4 ,he wrote3-- ,to roast the mutton1 let it linger ,longer than to roast your finger4 ,another business man drew the question1 ,what is the difference between doughnuts and sponge cake8 ,the word was ,youth4 ,he wrote3-- ,sponge cake is delicate and sweet to the taste1 ,while doughnuts are tough as thunder2 ,and the youth who partakes of the first in haste ,will tackle the latter with wonder4 ,the game may be made more difficult by each player writing on a third slip of paper a verb or an adjective1 these to be collected and redistributed with the nouns and questions4 ,,cross ,,questions #aj to #fj players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom4 ,all but one of the players sit in two rows facing each other1 those directly opposite each other being partners4 ,the odd player walks around the rows behind the others1 asking questions of any player facing him from the farther row4 ,the question must be answered1 not by the player addressed1 but by his partner or vis-a-vis1 who sits with his back to the questioner4 ,any player answering a question addressed directly to him1 or failing to answer one addressed to his partner1 or giving an incorrect answer to a question1 changes places with the questioner1 or pays a forfeit1 as may have been decided on beforehand4 ,,for ,,the ,,schoolroom4--,when played in the schoolroom1 the adjacent rows should form a group and face each other so as to leave free aisles between the groups in which the questioners may walk1 as shown in the diagram of ,old ,man ,tag4 ,the game may be made to correlate with almost any subject in the school curriculum1 the questioner asking1 for instance1 for capital cities1 boundaries1 mountains1 etc41 for geography2 for dates or the names of heroes in great events1 for history2 or even for brief problems in mental arithmetic4 ,,dumb ,,crambo #aj to #cj or more players4 ,parlor4 ,the players are divided into two parties4 ,one party goes outside of the room1 and those remaining choose some verb1 which is to be guessed and acted by the other party4 ,the outside party is then told some word which rhymes with the chosen verb4 ,they consult among themselves1 decide on a verb which they think may be the right one1 enter the room1 and without speaking act out the word they have guessed4 ,the inside party must decide from this pantomime if the correct verb has been guessed4 ,if not1 they shake their heads4 ,if right1 they clap their hands4 ,no speaking is allowed on either side4 ,if the outside party be wrong in their guess1 they retire and try another word1 repeating this play until they hit upon the right word1 when the two sides change places4 ,,find ,,the ,,ring #aj to #cj or more players4 ,parlor2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,the players sit in a circle1 holding in their hands a long piece of string tied at the ends so as to form a circle large enough to go around1 a small ring having been put upon this string4 ,one player is chosen to stand in the center4 ,the players who are seated then pass the ring from one to another1 the object being for the player in the center to detect who has the ring4 ,the other players will try to deceive him by making passes to indicate the passage of the ring when it really is not in their vicinity4 ,when the player in the center thinks he knows who has the ring1 he calls out the name of that player4 ,if right1 he sits down1 and that player must take his place in the center4 ,this game may be played by the players repeating the following lines as the ring is passed around the circle3-- ,oh1 the grand old ,duke of ,york1 ,he had ten thousand men2 ,he marched them up the hillago1 ,and marched them down again4 ,and when they were up they were up1 ,and when they were down they were down2 ,and when they were halfway up the hill1 ,they were neither up nor down4 ,this game may be played out of doors around a bush1 in which case the player who is ,it must circle around the outside of the ring formed by the other players instead of standing in the center4 ,illustration3 ,,flower ,,match ,,flower ,,match #b to #aj players4 ,out of doors4 ,this is one of the pretty ,oriental games recorded from ,korea by ,mr4 ,culin1 and is played by the children of that country1 ,japan1 and ,china4 ,the players each gather a handful of meadow bloom--blossoms and grass indiscriminately1 not selecting the contents of the bunch4 ,all sit down in a group4 ,the first player lays out one from his pile1 say a buttercup4 ,all of the players around the circle try to match this1 that is1 each one who has buttercups lays all of them in a pile with that of the first player1 who appropriates the entire pile when this has gone around the circle4 ,then the next player lays out something which all must try to match4 ,the one wins who has the largest number of grasses or blossoms all counted together at the end4 ,different sorts of grasses and leaves count in this game as well as different kinds or colors of blossoms4 ,,grass ,,blade #b to #aj players4 ,out of doors4 ,this is a pretty game for little children1 recorded by ,mr4 ,culin1 as played by the children of ,japan1 ,china1 and ,korea4 ,each child gathers a handful of grass1 the soft1 flexible grass blades being best for the purpose4 ,the players are all seated in a group4 ,one child makes a loop of a blade of grass by holding the two ends in his hand4 ,another child loops a blade of grass through this and the two pull2 the one whose grass blade breaks loses1 and the two pieces as trophies are given to the successful player1 who then matches his grass blade with the next1 and so on around the circle until his grass blade breaks1 when he loses his turn and the next player has a similar turn4 ,the one wins who has the greatest pile of trophies at the end4 ,,hands ,,up--,,hands ,,down #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,this is a schoolroom adaptation of ,up ,jenkins1 and is designed especially for use as children assemble in a class room before the opening of the school session4 ,the only material required is a small paper or worsted ball of a size that may be hidden in the clinched hand4 ,the players are divided into two groups1 each group seated1 partly facing the other 7indicated by arrows in the diagram7 with a captain standing before each side at ,c4 ,the side starting the game is given a small ball of paper or worsted1 and at the command of the captain of the opposing side the players pass the ball rapidly from one to another4 ,each player makes the motion of passing1 so as to deceive the opposing group as to the whereabouts of the ball4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,hands ,,up1 ,,hands ,,down ,the captain and players of the opposing group meanwhile keep a sharp lookout for the ball without leaving their seats4 ,after a short time of passing1 the captain1 who started the passing 7,group ,b1 diagram7 calls suddenly1 ,hands up6 and immediately all passing in ,group ,a must cease1 and all hands must be raised high overhead and tightly clinched1 so the player having the ball1 when the passing ceased1 may not disclose the fact4 ,the ,b captain again gives a sudden command of ,hands down6 ,immediately all hands are brought down softly on the desk in front of each player of ,group ,a1 hands wide open1 palms downward1 and again the player with the ball tries to hide it under his hand4 ,the players of ,group ,b1 who think they know who has the ball1 raise their hands4 ,no player may speak unless called by his captain4 ,when called1 he may say1 ,under ,j4's right hand 7or left hand1 as the case may be74 ,j4 raises the right hand1 and if the guesser be mistaken1 places that hand in his lap1 it being thereafter out of commission1 so to speak4 ,no other player of ,group ,a moves a hand4 ,should the ball be found under the hand raised1 the opposing group1 i4e4 ,group ,b1 receives as many points as there are hands left upon the desks4 ,otherwise1 the search continues1 the captain of ,group ,b asking players of his group to order a hand raised1 or orders it himself1 until the ball is discovered4 ,group ,b now takes the ball and passes it from one to another1 and ,group ,a gives commands through its captain4 ,the side making a score of three hundred points wins4 ,a side loses ten points when a player talks or calls for a hand to be raised without the permission or call of the captain4 ,this adaptation was made by ,miss ,adela ,j4 ,smith of ,new ,york ,city1 and received honorable mention in a competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city1 in #aijf4 ,it is here published by the kind permission of the author1 and of the ,girls' ,branch1 and of ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding ,brothers1 publishers of the handbook in which the game first appeared4 ,,hen ,,roost #e to #cj or more players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom4 ,each of the players except one chooses a word1 which should be the name of some object1 and in answering any questions put to him in the game he must introduce this word which he has chosen into each answer4 ,the odd player takes the place of questioner4 ,he may ask one or more questions of each player1 as he sees fit1 the dialogue taking any turn he chooses1 the following being suggestive of the general tone of it3-- ,the questioner says3 ,i heard that you got into the hen roost yesterday4 ,how did you get in8 ,answer3 ,with the dictionary4 ,to the next player3 ,what did you find there8 ,answer3 ,a horse4 ,to the next player3 ,what did you give him to eat8 ,answer3 ,a sofa pillow1 etc4 ,any player who laughs1 or who fails to answer promptly or correctly to the question1 must change places with the questioner4 ,forfeits may also be required if desired4 ,,horns #e to #fj players4 ,indoors2 out of doors2 schoolroom4 ,this game is played very much like ,simon says4 ,it is a quiet game that may be played with all of the players seated1 their forefingers placed on their knees or on a table or desk in front of them4 ,one who is leader says3-- ,all horns up6 ,cat's horns up6 or ,cow's horns up6 whereupon he lifts his own forefingers1 pointing upward4 ,should he name an animal that has horns1 all of the players lift their fingers in similar manner1 but should he name an animal such as a cat1 that has no horns1 any player that lifts his fingers in imitation of the leader is out of the game4 ,,initials #e to #cj or more players4 ,house party4 ,for this game it will be necessary to prepare slips of paper1 one for each player4 ,at the head of the paper are written the initials of some person who will be present2 under this a series of questions which the player drawing the paper is to answer4 ,the papers are put in a box or hat and drawn by the players1 or held in the hand with the initials concealed and drawn in that way4 ,a certain time may be allowed1 if desired1 for the answering of the questions4 ,the answers must be written in each case immediately below the question1 must consist of only as many words as there are initials at the top of the sheet1 and the words of the answer must begin with the initials in their proper order4 ,for example3-- ,h4 ,b4 ,b4 #a4 ,to whom does this paper belong8 7,henry ,b4 ,brown47 #b4 ,what is his character8 7,horrid1 but bearable47 #c4 ,what kind of hair has he8 7,heavy1 burnished brown47 #d4 ,what kind of eyes has he8 7,heavenly1 bright blue47 #e4 ,what books does he prefer8 7,handsomely bound biographies47 #f4 ,what animals does he prefer8 7,howling big bears47 #g4 ,what is his chief occupation8 7,hammering bulky boxes47 #h4 ,what do you surmise regarding his future8 7,he'd better beware47 #i4 ,what does he think of the opposite sex8 7,hebes6 ,bright beauties67 #aj4 ,what does he think of the world in general8 7,he's becoming bewildered47 ,,leaf ,,by ,,leaf ,any number of players4 ,out of doors2 indoors4 ,a basket of leaves is provided1 no two of the leaves being alike4 ,these may be leaves from trees1 shrubs1 or plants1 or flowers may be used in the same way4 ,the players are each provided with a card or slip of paper and a pencil1 and are seated4 ,one leaf is handed to the first player1 who passes it on to the next1 and so on until it has made the round of the group4 ,each player1 in turn1 if he can identify the leaf1 writes the name of it on a card4 ,each leaf is thus passed4 ,the host or hostess then reads a correct list1 naming the leaves in the order in which they were passed4 ,the player wins who has the largest number correct4 ,this is an especially pleasing game for nature students4 ,,literary ,,lore #e to #cj or more players4 ,house party4 ,each player is given a sheet of paper on which the following questions are written4 ,the player wins who writes correct answers to the largest number of questions4 ,this game may be worked up from the writings of any poet or author4 ,examples are given from ,tennyson and ,longfellow4 ,the answers are appended here1 but in playing the game should be read by the host or hostess at the end4 ,,tennyson #a4 ,what poem is it that sings down the vale8--,the ,brook4 #b4 ,what is the poem whose father is king8--,the ,princess4 #c4 ,the poem that honors a friend who is gone8--,in ,memoriam4 #d4 ,the poem that rules in the spring8--,the ,may ,queen4 #e4 ,the poem that lives in the depths of the sea8--,the ,mermaid4 #f4 ,the poem once baked in a pie8--,the ,blackbird4 #g4 ,the poem from which all its dwellers have gone8--,the ,deserted ,house4 #h4 ,the poem that is a good-by8--,the ,farewell4 #i4 ,the poem whose dress was tatters and rags8--,the ,beggar ,maid4 #aj4 ,the poem that lets in light8--,the ,window4 #aa4 ,the poem in which we see castles in ,spain8--,the ,day ,dream4 #ab4 ,the poem that sees in the night8--,the ,owl4 ,,longfellow #a4 ,what poem is it that helps to shoe your horse8--,the ,village ,blacksmith4 #b4 ,the poem that needs an umbrella8--,the ,rainy ,day4 ,an ,april ,day4 #c4 ,the poem that carries you across8--,the ,bridge4 #d4 ,the poem that finds you weary8--,the ,day is ,done4 #e4 ,the poem that keeps the time8--,the ,old ,clock on the ,stairs4 #f4 ,the poem that belongs to little people8--,the ,children's ,hour4 ,,london #b players4 ,indoors2 schoolroom2 seashore4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,london ,this is a quiet game in which the players are all seated4 ,a diagram is drawn on a slate or piece of paper of oblong shape1 about six by ten inches in outside dimensions1 if the surface admits of one so large4 ,this is divided by a horizontal line every two inches4 ,it is an advantage if the players have different colored pencils1 but this is not necessary4 ,a piece of paper is placed at the bottom of the diagram and blown over the diagram toward the top2 or a small piece of glass or china called a chipper is used1 the latter being nicked or snapped with the fingers4 ,the first player snaps his chipper1 and in whichever place it stops marks with a pencil a small round o to represent a man's head4 ,the chipper is then returned to its starting place and the play is repeated4 ,this is continued until the player has marked a head in each of the horizontal spaces2 or should his chipper land a second time in a space in which he has already marked such a head1 he makes a larger round under the head to represent the body of a man4 ,the third time it lands in this place he makes a downward stroke for a leg1 and the fourth time one for a second leg1 which completes the man4 ,should three complete men be so drawn in one space1 the player1 without shooting again1 draws what are called arms1 that is1 a horizontal line from the figures across the space to the outside limits4 ,this occupies the space completely and keeps the other player out of that space2 that is1 the other cannot put any men in it or add to any which he may already have started there4 ,the first player continues to play until the chipper lands on a line2 a player whose chipper lands on a line or outside of the diagram loses his turn4 ,the other player then takes his turn1 and may start1 continue1 or complete men in any spaces which the first player has not occupied with three armed men1 even though the latter may have started men in the space or have completed two of them4 ,each player may build only on his own men4 ,the player wins who succeeds in occupying the largest number of spaces with three armed men of his own drawing4 ,the space at the top of the diagram1 called ,london1 is especially advantageous4 ,no men are marked in it1 but should the chipper land there at any time1 the player may draw a head in every other space on the diagram1 or add one mark to any one drawing he may have already in each space4 ,this game may be played on the seashore or playground or wherever the diagram may be drawn in hard earth4 ,for the schoolroom it is an interesting diversion for pupils who assemble early before the opening of the school session4 ,,minister',s ,,cat 7,,the7 ,any number of players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom4 ,the first player says1 ,the minister's cat is an avaricious cat1 using an adjective which begins with a to describe the cat4 ,the next player makes a remark about the cat1 using the same initial letter for the adjective2 for instance1 that it is an aggressive cat4 ,this is continued1 each player using a different adjective beginning with the letter a1 until the game has gone entirely around the circle4 ,the first player then makes a similar remark about the cat1 using an adjective beginning with b4 ,this goes around1 and so on through the alphabet4 ,any player who is slow to respond1 or who fails1 must either drop out of the game or pay a forfeit1 as may be decided at the start4 ,,music ,,box #c to #fj players4 ,house party2 schoolroom2 playground4 ,each player is given a slip of paper and pencil4 ,some one who has a good repertoire of popular airs sits at the piano--or lacking a piano1 may sing without words--and goes briefly through snatches of one air after another1 each of the players writing on his slip of paper the name of the air1 or leaving a blank if he be unable to name it4 ,the one wins who names the largest number of airs correctly4 ,this is an admirable game to use for old ballads1 such as ,annie ,laurie1 ,suwanee ,river1 ,my ,old ,kentucky ,home1 ,blue ,bells of ,scotland1 etc41 or for national airs1 or for both together4 ,in a company that is well up on current music1 airs from current songs and popular operas may be used successfully4 ,,my ,,lady',s ,,lap ,,dog #e to #cj of more players4 ,parlor4 ,my lady's lapdog4 ,two plump partridges and my lady's lapdog4 ,three great elephants1 two plump partridges1 and my lady's lapdog4 ,four ,persian cherry trees1 three great elephants1 etc4 ,five ,limerick oysters1 four ,persian cherry trees1 etc4 ,six bottles of ,frontignac1 five ,limerick oysters1 etc4 ,seven swans a swimming1 six bottles of ,frontignac1 etc4 ,eight flip flap floating fly boats1 seven swans1 etc4 ,nine merchants going to ,bagdad1 eight flip flap1 etc4 ,ten ,italian dancing masters going to teach ten ,arabian magpies how to dance1 nine merchants going to ,bagdad1 etc4 ,eleven guests going to celebrate the marriage of the ,princess ,baldroubadour with the ,prince of ,terra del ,fuego1 ten ,italian dancing masters going to teach ten ,arabian magpies1 etc4 ,twelve triumphant trumpeters triumphantly trumpeting the tragical tradition of ,telemachus1 eleven guests going to celebrate the marriage1 etc4 ,the players sit in a circle2 the one who is leader turns to the next player and says1 ,my lady's lapdog4 ,this player turns to the one next him and repeats the phrase1 which is thus handed around the circle4 ,when it gets back to the leader1 the leader turns to his neighbor and adds an item to that previously mentioned1 saying1 ,two plump partridges and my lady's lapdog4 ,this goes around the circle1 when the leader says1 ,three great elephants1 two plump partridges1 and my lady's lapdog1 and so on1 adding each time different items according to the formula given above4 ,any player failing to repeat the list correctly pays a forfeit4 ,,variation4--,for younger players1 the following list may be found better3-- ,a big fat hen4 ,two ducks and a big fat hen4 ,three wild geese1 two ducks1 and a big fat hen4 ,four plump partridges1 three wild geese1 two ducks1 etc4 ,five pouting pigeons1 four plump partridges1 three1 etc4 ,six long-legged cranes1 five pouting pigeons1 etc4 ,seven green parrots1 six long-legged cranes1 etc4 ,eight screeching owls1 seven green parrots1 six long-legged1 etc4 ,nine ugly black turkey buzzards1 eight screeching owls1 etc4 ,ten thousand domesticated chimney swallows1 nine ugly black turkey buzzards1 eight screeching owls1 etc4 ,,naughts ,,and ,,crosses #b players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,naughts ,,and ,,crosses ,a diagram is drawn on a slate1 paper1 or the ground1 and consists of two vertical lines1 crossed by two horizontal lines4 ,one player chooses to write naughts 7o7 and the other crosses 7x74 ,the players take turns in marking a naught or a cross in one of the nine places provided by the diagram1 the object being to get three naughts or three crosses in a row4 ,this row may be either vertical1 horizontal1 or diagonal4 ,a score is kept of the games won by each player1 and a third score is kept of the games played in which neither player wins4 ,this game may be played at the seashore1 on the playground1 or wherever the diagram may be traced on the earth4 ,for school use it is an interesting diversion for pupils who assemble early before a session opens1 or who remain in over a rainy noontime4 ,,nimble ,,squirrel ,any number of players4 ,schoolroom2 parlor2 playground4 ,this is a device for mental arithmetic4 ,it is one of which children are very fond4 ,as the play element may enter very largely into the fanciful suggestions used by the teacher1 it seems in place in a book of games4 ,the teacher states her problem in a manner similar to the following3-- ,there was a tree with fifty branches4 ,a squirrel started on the first branch1 jumped up three branches to the fourth1 came halfway down to the second1 went three times as high sixth branch1 fell halfway down third branch1 saw a dog1 and ran to the top of the tree2 fell to the ground and started over again2 went up eight branches1 jumped past three branches1 etc41 finishing up with1 ,how many branches from the top was he8 ,this game has been found intensely interesting for children through the upper grades of the elementary schools4 ,,penny ,,wise #e to #cj players4 ,house party4 ,each player is provided with a bright new penny 7of design prior to #aiji71 a piece of paper1 and a pencil4 ,on the paper are written beforehand1 or to dictation1 the following requirements1 of course without the answers4 ,the player wins who has the largest number of correct answers4 ,find on the penny the following3-- ,the name of a song4--,america4 ,a privilege4--,liberty4 ,a part of ,indian corn4--,ear4 ,a part of a hill4--,brow4 ,something denoting self4--,eye 7,i74 ,part of a door4--,lock 7of hair74 ,a weapon of war4--,arrow4 ,an act of protection4--,shield4 ,a gallant4--,beau 7bow74 ,a punishment4--,stripes4 ,part of a plant4--,leaf4 ,a piece of jewelry4--,ring4 ,a nut4--,acorn4 ,a musical term4--,bar4 ,an occupation4--,milling4 ,a foreign fruit4--,date4 ,trimming for a hat4--,feather4 ,what ships sail on4--,sea 7,c74 ,a perfume4--,scent 7cent74 ,a religious edifice4--,temple4 ,a messenger4--,one sent 7cent74 ,a method of voting4--,ayes and ,noes 7eyes and nose74 ,a ,chinese beverage4--,tea 7,t74 ,a gaudy flower4--,tulips 7two lips74 ,comfort4--,ease 7,e4 ,e474 ,a small animal4--,hare 7hair74 ,a term of marriage4--,united state4 ,an ancient honor4--,wreath4 ,one of the first families4--,indian4 ,,planting ,a ,,garden #e to #cj or more players4 ,house party4 ,each player is provided with a sheet of paper and a pencil4 ,the game consists in one player writing down something that he has planted and the next player stating what came up4 ,anything may be planted1 though the questioner must have in mind something that could come up from what he writes4 ,he must sign his initials4 ,the names of the plants that come up must bear some direct relation1 punning or otherwise1 to the things planted4 ,for example1 a player writes1 ,i planted a kitten2 what came up8 ,the paper is handed to the next player1 who writes1 ,pussy willows4 ,after the questions are written1 the papers are collected and redistributed1 and each writes an answer to the question he has drawn4 ,they are then collected again1 and the hostess reads the questions and answers4 ,any question not answered must be replied to by the player who wrote it4 ,examples follow3-- #a4 ,plant an angry wise man2 what will come up8--,scarlet sage4 #b4 ,plant a box of candy2 what will come up8--,candytuft4 #c4 ,cupid's arrow2 what will come up8--,bleeding heart4 #d4 ,some steps4--,hops4 #e4 ,days1 months1 and years4--,thyme4 #f4 ,christmas ,eve4--,star of ,bethlehem4 #g4 ,orange blossoms4--,bridal wreath4 #h4 ,a sermon4--,jack in the pulpit4 #i4 ,cuff on the ear4--,box4 #aj4 ,grief4--,weeping willow4 #aa4 ,cinderella at midnight4--,lady's slipper4 #ab4 ,a ship that has nowhere to go4--,portulaca 7port you lack1 ah674 #ac4 ,star spangled banner and ,union ,jack4--,flags4 #ad4 ,claws and a roar4--,tiger lilies4 #ae4 ,a ,richmond caterpillar4--,virginia creeper4 #af4 ,contentment4--,heart's-ease4 #ag4 ,what a married man never has4--,batchelor's buttons4 #ah4 ,sad beauties4--,bluebells4 #ai4 ,labyrinth4--,maize4 ,,prince ,,of ,,paris #aj to #cj players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom4 ,a player is chosen as leader2 the others are numbered consecutively from one up1 and are all seated4 ,the leader1 standing in front1 says1 ,the ,prince of ,paris has lost his hat4 ,did you find it1 ,number ,four1 sir8 whereupon ,number ,four jumps to his feet and says3-- ,what1 sir6 ,i1 sir8 ,leader4 ,yes1 sir6 ,you1 sir6 ,no4 ,four4 ,not ,i1 sir6 ,leader4 ,who1 then1 sir8 ,no4 ,four4 ,number ,seven1 sir4 ,number ,seven1 as soon as his number is called1 must jump at once to his feet and say3-- ,what1 sir6 ,i1 sir8 ,leader4 ,yes1 sir6 ,you1 sir4 ,no4 ,seven4 ,not ,i1 sir6 ,leader4 ,who then1 sir8 ,no4 ,seven4 ,number ,three1 sir6 ,number ,three immediately jumps to his feet1 and the same dialogue is repeated4 ,the object of the game is for the leader to try to repeat the statement1 ,the ,prince of ,paris has lost his hat1 before the last player named can jump to his feet and say1 ,what1 sir6 ,i1 sir8 ,if he succeeds in doing this1 he changes places with the player who failed in promptness1 that player becoming leader4 ,should any player fail to say ,sir in the proper place1 this also is a mistake1 and the leader may change places with such player4 ,this game has much sport in it for house parties or other uses4 ,,recognition ,any number of players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom4 ,each player is given a card or slip prepared with the following questions1 or the list may be dictated at the time4 ,what famous persons1 historical or mythical1 do these objects suggest8 #a4 ,hatchet8 7,george ,washington47 #b4 ,a rail fence8 7,abraham ,lincoln47 #c4 ,a kite8 7,benjamin ,franklin47 #d4 ,a muddy cloak8 7,sir ,walter ,raleigh47 #e4 ,a lonely island8 7,robinson ,crusoe47 #f4 ,a burning bush8 7,moses47 #g4 ,a ruff8 7,queen ,elizabeth47 #h4 ,a glass slipper8 7,cinderella47 #i4 ,an apple8 7,william ,tell47 #aj4 ,a silver lamp8 7,aladdin47 #aa4 ,a smooth1 round stone8 7,david47 #ab4 ,long hair8 7,sampson47 #ac4 ,a dove8 7,noah47 #ad4 ,a pomegranate seed8 7,persephone47 #ae4 ,a spider web8 7,robert ,bruce47 #af4 ,a key8 7,bluebeard47 #ag4 ,a wolf8 7,red ,riding ,hood47 #ah4 ,a steamboat8 7,robert ,fulton47 ,,scat #b players4 ,indoors2 out of doors2 schoolroom4 ,one player holds on his upturned palm a ruler1 a paper knife1 or a small thin strip of wood4 ,the other player takes this quickly and tries to scat or hit the opponent's palm with the ruler before he can withdraw his hand4 ,the game will be made more interesting by feints on the part of the player who has to take the ruler1 he giving several appearances of taking it before really doing so4 ,when a player succeeds in hitting his opponent's hand with the ruler they change parts in the game4 ,count is kept of the unsuccessful hits1 the player winning who has the smallest score when the play ends4 ,this is one of the diversions useful for rainy day recesses in school1 or for pupils who congregate before a session opens4 ,,seeking ,,for ,,gold #e to #ae players4 ,out of doors2 seashore4 ,a handful of small pebbles is collected1 and the players sit on the ground in a circle4 ,one of the players scatters the pebbles on the ground in the center of the circle1 as jackstones are scattered4 ,this player then draws a line with his finger between any two of the pebbles1 and tries to snap one of these two so that it will hit the other1 as marbles are snapped at one another4 ,if successful in hitting the pebble1 the same player has a second turn1 keeping each time the two pebbles hit4 ,should this player miss1 another gathers up the pebbles1 scatters them1 draws a line between any two of them1 snaps them1 etc4 ,the one wins who at the close of the game has the largest number of pebbles4 ,it will be seen that a small number of players is better for this game than a large group4 ,nuts may be used instead of pebbles4 ,this game is played by children in ,china4 ,,shakespearean ,,romance 7,a7 ,any number of players4 ,house party2 schoolroom4 ,each player is provided with a sheet of paper prepared with the following questions1 or the questions may be dictated at the time4 ,each question is to be answered with the title of one of ,shakespeare's plays4 ,the player wins who has the largest number correct at the end of the time allotted for the game4 ,other questions may be devised4 #a4 ,who were the lovers8 7,romeo and ,juliet47 #b4 ,what was their courtship like8 7,midsummer ,night's ,dream47 #c4 ,what was her answer to his proposal8 7,as ,you ,like ,it47 #d4 ,about what time of the month were they married8 7,twelfth ,night47 #e4 ,of whom did he buy the ring8 7,merchant of ,venice47 #f4 ,who were the best man and maid of honor8 7,antony and ,cleopatra47 #g4 ,who were the ushers8 7,the ,two ,gentlemen of ,verona47 #h4 ,who gave the reception8 7,merry ,wives of ,windsor47 #i4 ,in what kind of a place did they live8 7,hamlet47 #aj4 ,what was her disposition like8 7,the ,tempest47 #aa4 ,what was his chief occupation after marriage8 7,taming of the ,shrew47 #ab4 ,what caused their first quarrel8 7,much ,ado about ,nothing47 #ac4 ,what did their courtship prove to be8 7,love's ,labor ,lost47 #ad4 ,what did their married life resemble8 7,a ,comedy of ,errors47 #ae4 ,what did they give each other8 7,measure for ,measure47 #af4 ,what ,roman ruler brought about reconciliation8 7,julius ,csar47 #ag4 ,what did their friends say8 7,all's ,well that ,ends ,well47 ,,simon ,,says #b to #fj players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom4 ,the players sit around a table1 or if played in the schoolroom1 sit at their respective desks4 ,each player makes a fist of each hand with the thumb extended4 ,one is chosen for leader1 whom the others follow4 ,the leader says1 ,simon says1 ',thumbs up6' whereupon he places his own fists on the table before him with the thumbs upward4 ,the players must all do likewise4 ,the leader then says1 ,simon says1 ',thumbs down6' whereupon he turns his own hands over so that the tips of the thumbs touch the table1 the others imitating him4 ,he may then say1 ,simon says1 ',thumbs wiggle waggle6' whereupon he places his fist on the table with the thumbs upward and moves the thumbs sideways1 the players imitating him4 ,if at any time the leader omits the words ,simon says1 and goes through the movements simply with the words ,thumbs up6 ,thumbs down6 or ',wiggle waggle6 the players must keep their hands still and not imitate his movements4 ,any player imitating him under these circumstances must either pay a forfeit or become leader1 or both1 as may be decided on beforehand4 ,,sketches #c to #fj players4 ,schoolroom2 parlor4 ,the game here described for use with history may be used simply as a diversion in describing animals or any inanimate objects2 or it may be used to correlate with ,english 7authors71 picture study1 etc4 ,each player is provided with a sheet of paper and pencil and writes a description of some historical character2 the object being to give a description that shall be perfectly truthful and yet puzzling or misleading for the other players who are to guess the identity of the character in the writer's mind4 ,one player is called on to read his description4 ,the other players may have the privilege of asking questions that may be answered by ,yes or ,no only2 but it is considered much more of an honor to guess correctly without this assistance4 ,the one guessing the character correctly reads his description next4 ,a description for instance might read3-- ,the person whom ,i would describe was a very tall man2 very vigorous2 used an ax on occasion2 had much to do with legislators2 was widely known outside of his native country1 and has been the subject of many biographies4 ,as this description would apply equally to ,washington1 ,lincoln1 ,gladstone1 and several others who might be mentioned1 there is opportunity for considerable guessing before the right character be found4 ,,tidbits ,,farmer 7,,the7 #e to #cj players4 ,house party4 ,each player should be given a card or slip of paper on which the following verses are written1 the last of each line being left blank4 ,the game consists in filling in the blank spaces each with a double letter of the alphabet1 as indicated in parentheses4 ,the player wins who has the largest number correct4 ,there is a farmer who is 7,,yy7 ,enough to take his 7,,ee7 ,and study nature with his 7,,ii7 ,and think on what he 7,,cc7 ,he hears the chatter of the 7,,jj7 ,as they each other 7,,tt7 ,and sees that when a tree de 7,,kk7 ,it makes a home for 7,,bb7 ,a yoke of oxen will he 7,,uu7 ,with many haws and 7,,gg7 ,and their mistakes he will ex 7,,qq7 ,when plowing for his 7,,pp7 ,he little buys but much he se 7,,ll7 ,and therefore little 7,,oo7 ,and when he hoes his soil spe 7,,ll7 ,he also soils his h 7,,oo7 ,,tip ,,tap ,,toe #b to #h players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,,indoors4--,a circle is drawn on a slate or paper1 the size of it varying with the number of players1 a larger circle being desirable for a large number of players4 ,this circle is intersected with straight lines1 so that it is divided into a series of wedge-shaped spaces1 the number of lines and spaces being also at the discretion of the players1 the larger the number of players the larger the number of spaces desirable and the greater the variation in scoring4 ,in each of these spaces numbers are written in consecutive order1 one for each space1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 etc41 or the numbers may be done in multiples of five1--#e1 #aj1 #ae1 #bj1 etc4 ,the players take turns in rotation4 ,the one whose turn it is shuts his eyes1 takes a pencil1 circles it around over the diagram while he says the following verse3-- ,tip1 tap1 toe1 here we go1 ,three jolly sailor boys all in a row4 ,at the close of the verse the player places the point of the pencil on the diagram1 still with his eyes closed4 ,he then opens his eyes1 and should the pencil have touched one of the numbered spaces1 he marks down to his score the number written in that space1 and crosses out that figure on the diagram4 ,thereafter that space does not count in playing4 ,should the pencil touch a dividing line or the line forming the circumference of the circle1 or fall outside of the circle1 or fall in a space in which the number has been crossed out1 the player scores nothing1 and loses his turn1 the next one taking up the play4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,tip ,,tap ,,toe ,when all of the spaces have been crossed out1 the player wins who has the largest score1 but should any player at any time touch his pencil to the center of the circle1 he wins the game4 ,,out ,,of ,,doors4--,this game may be played out of doors by drawing the diagram on the earth with a sharpened stick1 which is used afterwards as a pointer as a pencil is used on the paper diagram4 ,if on hard earth the figures may be marked in the spaces as on a paper diagram1 but the diagram should be drawn considerably larger than when on paper4 ,this is an admirable game for playing on the hard sand of the seashore4 ,in that case little pebbles or shells are placed in the different spaces instead of numerals2 one in the first space1 two in the second1 three in the third1 etc4 ,when a player places his stick or pointer in a space he removes the pebbles from that place to a little pile1 and the score is counted at the end by counting this pile of pebbles4 ,any space from which the pebbles have been removed is thereafter out of the game1 as when the figures are crossed out on the paper diagram4 ,this game is supposed to have originated in early methods of allotting land4 ,,up1 ,,jenkins6 #f to #bj or more players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom4 ,this is one of the most popular current games among young people1 being usually played to the accompaniment of much laughter and intense interest4 ,it consists in the guessing by opposing parties of the hand under which a coin is hidden4 ,the players are divided into two parties4 ,each party has a captain1 each player being captain in turn during successive rounds of the game4 ,the players gather around a table1 one party on one side and the others opposite4 ,a coin1 usually a quarter1 is passed from hand to hand under the table by one of the parties in an endeavor to conceal from the opponents which individual holds it4 ,the leader of the opposite party then calls1 ,up1 ,jenkins6 when all of the hands of his opponents are brought from under the table and held up with palms outward toward the guessing party1 fingers closed down tightly over the palms1 the quarter being hidden in one of the hands4 ,the opponents may look at the hands from their side of the table in this way as long as they choose4 ,the leader then commands ,down1 ,jenkins6 when the hands are slammed down simultaneously flat on the table1 palms downward4 ,this is done with enough noise to disguise the clink of the coin striking the table4 ,the object of the game is for the opponents 7those not having the coin7 to guess under which hand the coin is laid1 each hand supposed not to have it being ordered off the table4 ,the captain of the guessing party1 who alone may give these orders 7though his players may assist him with suggestions71 calls for the lifting of one specified hand at a time4 ,the player named must lift the hand indicated1 and that hand is thereafter to be taken from the table4 ,if the guessing party can be successful in thus eliminating all of the empty hands so that the coin is left under the last hand1 they are considered to have won1 and the coin passes to them for the next round4 ,if the coin be disclosed before the last hand be reached1 the side holding it adds to its score the hands remaining on the table that were not ordered off4 ,the side wins which has the highest score when the play stops1 the time limits being indefinite4 ,for the schoolroom see also an adaptation called ,hands up--,hands down4 ,,what ,,is ,,my ,,thought ,,like8 #e to #cj players4 ,children's party2 house party2 playground4 ,the players are seated in a circle or any convenient group4 ,one of the number decides upon a thought2 that is1 he thinks of some person1 object1 or abstraction1 without telling the others what it is4 ,he then asks of each in turn1 ,what is my thought like8 ,each answers anything he chooses4 ,the first player then declares what his thought was1 and asks of each1 ,why is--7naming the object he thought of7 like--7whatever such player answered78 ,each must find some likeness1 however absurd1 or pay a forfeit4 ,for instance1 the answers around the circle might be1 ,your thought is like an umbrella1 like ,napoleon1 ,pinafore1 sadness1 my necktie1 a rose1 etc4 ,the questioner then says1 ,i thought of a lead pencil4 ,why is a pencil like an umbrella8 ,because it is oftenest black4 ,the pencil may be like ,napoleon because it can make a mark2 like a rose because it is sometimes cut1 etc4 ,if any one happens to answer to the first question1 a pencil 7or whatever was thought of71 he also must pay a forfeit4 ,,woodland ,,lovers 7,,the7 #e to #cj or more players4 ,house party4 ,each player is given a paper on which the following is written or dictated1 the words in parentheses being omitted and a blank space left4 ,the game consists in each player filling in these blank spaces with the name of some tree4 ,the host or hostess at the end reads this list of words in order1 the player winning who has the largest number correct4 ,the same tree may be mentioned more than once4 ,he took her little hand in his own big 7palm74 ,i love 7yew71 dear1 he said simply4 ,she did not 7sago7 away1 for it had been a case of love at first sight4 ,she murmured something in 7aloe7 voice4 ,they had met one day upon a sandy 7beech71 and from that 7date7 onward1 they cared not a 7fig7 for the outside world4 ,her name was 7,may ,ple74 ,she was a charming girl4 ,rosy as a 7peach72 7chestnut7 colored hair2 7tulips7 like a 7cherry72 skin a pale 7olive74 ,in fact1 she was as beautiful 7as pen7 or brush ever portrayed4 ,the day he met her she wore a jacket of handsome 7fir74 ,he was of ,irish descent1 his name being 7,willow7 ',flaherty4 ,he was a 7spruce7 looking young fellow4 ,together they made a congenial 7pear74 ,but when did the course of true love ever run smooth8 ,there was a third person to be considered4 ,this was 7paw paw74 ,both felt that1 counting 7paw paw7 in1 they might not be able to 7orange7 it4 ,what if he should refuse to 7cedar76 ,suppose he should 7sago7 to her lover8 ,and if he should be angry1 to what point won't a 7mango78 ,well1 in that case she must submit1 with a 7cypress7 her lover in her arms for the last time1 and 7pine7 away4 ,but happily her parent did not constitute 7ebony7 skeleton at their feast4 ,he was guilty of no tyranny to reduce their hopes to 7ashes74 ,they found him in his garden busily 7plantain74 ,he was chewing 7gum74 ,well1 he said thoughtfully1 in answer to the question3 ,since 7yew7 love her ,i must 7cedar7 to 7yew74 ,you make a fine young 7pear74 ,don't cut any 7capers7 after you're married1 young man6 ,don't 7pine7 and complain if he is sometimes cross1 young woman6 ,i hope to see 7upas7 many happy days together6 ,,zoo #e to #aj players4 ,parlor2 schoolroom4 ,each player is provided with ten slips of paper1 numbered conspicuously from one to ten1 but arranged irregularly in a pile4 ,the players gather around a table or sit in a circle1 each one being given the name of an animal2 the sport of the game will consist largely in choosing unusual or difficult names1 such as yak1 gnu1 camelopard1 hippopotamus1 rhinoceros1 ,brazilian ant-eater1 kangaroo1 etc4 ,each player holds his slips with the numbers turned downward4 ,the first player turns up his upper slip so that the number is visible and lays it down in front of him4 ,in doing this he must turn it away from himself1 so that the other players see it first2 the next player then does the same4 ,should the two slips happen to coincide in number1 for instance1 should the first player have turned up number three and the second player turn up number three1 they must each at once call each other's names1 as ,yak6 ,hippopotamus6 or whatever name was assigned to them4 ,the one who first calls the other's name gives away his slip to that other1 the object being to get rid of one's slips as fast as possible4 ,should the slip turned up by the second player not correspond in number to that turned by the first1 he also lays it down in front of him2 the third player then turns his up1 and this is continued around the circle until a slip is turned that corresponds in number with any that has already been turned up1 when those two players must immediately call each other's names1 as before explained4 ,the player wins who first gets rid of all of his slips4 ,for schools1 a class should divide into small groups for this game1 which may be made to correlate with geography or history1 by using proper names from those subjects instead of names of animals4 ,for older players the game may be made very funny also by assigning to each player the name of a patent medicine instead of the name of an animal1 and playing cards may be used instead of the numbered slips4 ,,feats ,,and ,,forfeits ,,feats ,,and ,,forfeits ,athletic feats requiring skill1 strength1 or agility are a very interesting and amusing feature for gymnasiums and many other conditions1 and contain possibilities for some excellent and vigorous physical development4 ,as some of these may be used for forfeits 7although some kinds of forfeits cannot take the place of athletic feats71 these two classes of amusements are included here in one chapter4 ,the searcher for forfeits will do well1 however1 to look through the section on feats4 ,i4 ,,contests ,,for ,,two3 ,,wrestling ,,matches ,,and ,,tugs ,,of ,,war ,the following group of wrestling matches and races make a very interesting and vigorous form of game with which to close a lesson in formal gymnastics4 ,for instance1 if pupils are in a formation that admits of immediately turning toward partners without change of formation1 this may be done and any of these games then used without further rearrangement of a class4 ,when used in this way the wrestling matches are generally determined by the winning of the best two out of three trials4 ,these wrestling matches and races may of course be used also for forfeits4 ,,balance ,,wrestle4--,two contestants stand each in a forward stride position1 the right foot being lengthwise on a line 7the same line for both contestants7 and the left foot back of it1 turned at right angles to the right foot with the heel touching the same line4 ,the toes of the right feet should touch4 ,in this position players grasp right hands4 ,the objects of the game are to make the opponent 7#a7 move one or both feet1 or 7#b7 touch the floor with any part of the body4 ,a point is scored for the opponent whenever a player fails in one of these ways4 ,after a trial has been made with the right hand and foot1 the wrestle should be repeated with the left hand and foot extended1 and so on alternately4 ,,boundary ,,tug4--,two lines are drawn on the floor1 five feet apart4 ,within this space two contestants face each other1 the right toes touching and each stepping backward in a strong stride position with the left foot4 ,both players grasp a cane or wand1 and each tries to pull the other across one of the boundary lines4 ,,harlequin ,,wrestle4--,this is a one-sided wrestle between two persons4 ,each stands on one leg2 they then grasp right hands and each tries to make the other lower his upraised foot to the ground1 or touch the floor with his free hand4 ,the opponent may not be touched with the free hand4 ,,indian ,,wrestle4--,two players lie on their backs side by side1 with adjacent arms locked4 ,the feet should be in opposite directions4 ,at a signal the adjacent legs are brought to an upright position and interlocked at the knees4 ,the wrestle consists in trying to force the opponent to roll over from his position4 ,,interfering4--,this is one of the hopping relays1 but the shoulders may not be used in it4 ,two contestants fold arms1 and each1 while hopping on one foot1 tries to make his opponent put the other foot to the floor4 ,as neither arms nor shoulders may be used1 this is done entirely by a side movement of the free leg4 ,,knee ,,and ,,toe ,,wrestle4--,two players sit on a mat1 facing each other4 ,the knees should be drawn up closely and the players should be near enough together to have the toes of each touch those of the opponent4 ,each player passes a stick under his knees1 and then passes his arms under it and clasps his hands in front of his own knees4 ,the wrestling begins at a signal and consists in each player trying to get his toes under those of his opponent and throw him backward4 ,,lunge ,,and ,,hop ,,fight4--,a circle six feet in diameter is drawn on the ground4 ,one player takes a lunge position forward1 so that his forward foot rests two feet within the circle4 ,the second player stands in the circle on one foot with arms folded across the chest4 ,the hopper tries to make the lunger move one of his feet4 ,the lunger in turn tries to make the hopper put down his second foot or unfold arms4 ,either player is defeated also if he moves out of the circle4 ,the lunger may use his hands and arms4 ,,push ,,and ,,pull4--,two lines are drawn on the floor at an interval of five feet4 ,within these lines two players take their places with two stout sticks1 canes1 or wands between them1 each player grasping one end of each cane4 ,the object of the feat is to push the opponent across the boundary line behind him1 or to pull him over the nearer boundary line4 ,the relative positions of the opponents may be reversed and the same struggle gone through back to back1 still holding the canes4 ,this differs from ,boundary ,tug in the way the wands are held and the fact of there being two wands4 ,,rooster ,,fight4--,this is an old ,greek amusement4 ,a ring six feet in diameter is drawn on the ground4 ,two players are placed in this1 who stoop and grasp each his own ankles4 ,in this position they try to displace each other by shouldering4 ,the player loses who is overthrown or who loosens his grasp on his ankles4 ,,shoulder ,,shove4--,for this1 the players are divided into groups of five2 each group marks on the ground a circle about eight feet in diameter4 ,all five players stand within the circle4 ,four of them must fold their arms across the chest and hop on one foot4 ,the object of the game is for these four players to push the fifth one1 who is ,it1 out of the circle with their shoulders4 ,they may not use their hands4 ,the fifth one may stand on both feet and use his arms4 ,should one of the hoppers place both feet on the ground or unfold his arms1 he must leave the circle4 ,the player who is ,it may avoid the hoppers by running and dodging4 ,should he be pushed out of the circle1 the four hoppers are considered to have won the game4 ,,wand ,,and ,,toe ,,wrestle4--,two players sit on the floor with knees bent and toes touching those of the opponent4 ,one wand is held between them1 which both grasp so that the hands are placed alternately2 there should be a short space in the center between the hands4 ,the object of the tug is to pull the opponent up and over the dividing line4 ,this is an excellent form of wand wrestle and will hold the interest of a class for months1 especially if a continuous score be kept for the same contestants4 ,,wand ,,twist4--,two players stand and grasp at or near shoulder height a wand or cane held in a horizontal position4 ,the object of one player is to raise or twist the wand out of the horizontal position1 and of the other player to prevent this4 ,the one who is trying to hold the wand in the horizontal position should have his hands next to each other in the center of the wand4 ,the one who tries to twist the wand should place his hands outside of and touching those of the player who is resisting4 ,,wand ,,wrestle4--,one player holds a wand or cane at full arm's length above his head1 the hands being at about shoulder width distant on the wand1 which should be held horizontally4 ,the other player tries to pull the wand down to shoulder height4 ,he may pull it forward at the same time1 as it may be almost impossible in some cases to lower it without this forward movement4 ,,ii4 ,,races ,,eskimo ,,race ,,on ,,all ,,fours4--,the performers stand with hands and feet on the floor1 the knees stiff1 the hands clinched and resting on the knuckles4 ,the elbows should be stiff4 ,in this position a race is run1 or rather hitched1 over a course that will not easily be too short for the performers4 ,this is a game of the ,eskimos1 reported by ,lieutenant ,schwatka4 ,,eskimo ,,jumping ,,race4--,fold the arms across the breast with the knees rigid and the feet close together4 ,jump forward in short jumps of an inch or two4 ,this is the regular form of one of the games of the ,eskimos1 reported by ,lieutenant ,schwatka4 ,,iii4 ,,miscellaneous ,,feats ,,ankle ,,throw4--,this feat consists in tossing some object over the head from behind with the feet4 ,a bean bag1 book1 or basket ball1 is held firmly between the ankles4 ,with a sudden jump1 the feet are kicked backward so as to jerk the object into an upward throw1 which should end in its curving forward over the head4 ,it should be caught as it comes down4 ,,arm',s ,,length ,,tag4--,two players stand each with an arm extended at full length at shoulder level1 and try to touch each other without being touched in return4 ,this will require some rapid twisting1 dodging1 and bending4 ,a touch on the extended hand does not count4 ,,backsliding4--,the hands are placed palm to palm behind the back with the fingers pointing downward and thumbs next to the back4 ,keeping the tips of the fingers close to the back and the palms still together1 the hands are turned inward and upward until the tips of the fingers are between the shoulders1 pointing upward toward the head1 and the thumbs outside4 ,,catch ,,penny4--,one elbow is raised level with the shoulder1 the arm being bent to bring the hand toward the chest4 ,three or four pennies are placed in a pile on the bent elbow4 ,suddenly the elbow is dropped and the same hand moved downward quickly in an effort to catch the pennies before they fall to the ground4 ,,chinese ,,get-,,up4--,two persons sit on the floor back to back with arms locked1 and retaining such relative positions they try to stand upright4 ,,coin ,,and ,,card ,,snap4--,balance a visiting card on the tip of the middle or forefinger4 ,on top of the card place a dime or nickle2 this should be exactly over the tip of the finger and in the middle of the card4 ,snap the edge of the card with a finger of the other hand1 so that the card will be shot from under the coin and leave the coin balanced on the finger4 ,,dog ,,collar4--,two players on hands and knees on a mat1 rug1 or cushion1 face each other with about three feet distance between them4 ,a knotted towel or a strap1 or anything that will not chafe or cut the flesh1 is thrown over both heads like a collar1 being long enough to encircle the two4 ,the head should be held well upward to prevent this from slipping off4 ,at a signal1 the players pull against each other1 each trying to pull the opponent from the mat or to pull the collar from around his neck4 ,,dog ,,jump4--,the performer holds a stick horizontally between the forefingers of his hands1 pressing with the fingers to keep it from falling4 ,keeping the stick in this position1 he should jump over it forward and then backward4 ,the same feat may be performed by pressing together the middle fingers of the two hands without a stick and jumping over them forward and backward1 as a dog jumps through curved arms4 ,,dot ,,and ,,carry ,,two4--,this is a spectacular feat of strength for three performers1 ,a1 ,b1 and ,c4 ,they stand in line1 side by side1 ,a standing in the center with ,b on his right and ,c on his left4 ,he stoops down and passes his right hand behind the left thigh of ,b1 and clasps ,b's right hand4 ,he then passes his left hand behind ,c's right thigh1 and takes hold of ,c's left hand4 ,b and ,c pass each one arm around ,a's neck1 and ,a1 by raising himself gradually to a standing position1 will find that he is able to lift the other two from the ground4 ,,hand ,,stand ,,salute4--,a player is required to stand on his hands with legs stretched at full length in the air1 and then wriggle the feet at the ankles4 ,,heel ,,and ,,toe ,,spring4--,a line is drawn on the floor4 ,the performer places his heels against this line1 bends down1 grasps the toes with the fingers underneath the feet and pointing backward toward the heels4 ,he then leans forward slightly to get an impetus1 and jumps backward over the line4 ,this same feat may be reversed4 ,standing in the same position1 the performer toes a line and jumps over it forward4 ,,jug ,,handle4--,the performer places his hands across the chest1 with the tips of the middle fingers touching and the elbows extending on each side like a jug handle4 ,another player tries to pull the arms apart1 either by working at them separately or together4 ,jerking is not permissible2 the pull must be steady4 ,until one has tried this1 it is surprising to find that even a strong person cannot overcome a weaker one in this position4 ,,last ,,and ,,first4--,place one foot immediately behind the other4 ,on the rear foot place a small object1 such as a light book1 a slipper1 or a small stick4 ,with a sudden movement lift the forward foot1 at the same instant hopping on the rear foot with a kicking movement forward1 so as to throw the object forward beyond a given mark4 ,,lath ,,and ,,plaster4--,rub the top of the head with one hand1 and simultaneously pat the chest with the other hand4 ,reverse the movement1 patting the head and rubbing the chest4 ,do each of these things with the hands changed1 the hand that was on the chest being placed on the head1 and vice versa4 ,,pick ,,me ,,up4--,the performer is required to stand against the wall1 drop a handkerchief at his feet1 and without bending the knees stoop and pick up the handkerchief4 ,,pick ,,up ,,and ,,push ,,up4--,a line is drawn about two feet from a wall1 which is toed by the performer1 facing the wall4 ,between the line and the wall is placed a stool directly in front of the performer4 ,the player leans forward1 puts the top of his head against the wall1 picks up the stool with his hands1 and pushes himself backward to an upright position1 getting an impetus from the head only1 and lifting the stool as he does so4 ,,pincushion4--,on a chair having a cane or rush or wooden bottom a pin is stuck on the edge of the seat1 or just under the edge1 well around on one side toward the back4 ,the performer starts sitting in the chair1 and without leaving it1 or touching his hands or feet to the floor1 must reach around so as to remove the pin with his teeth4 ,,pray ,,do4--,a line is marked on the floor4 ,the performer stands with his toes on the line1 and without using his hands or moving his feet1 kneels down and gets up again4 ,,rabbit ,,hop4--,this should be done on a soft mat or cushion4 ,the performer kneels2 then sits back on the heels and grasps the insteps with his hands4 ,from this position he leans suddenly forward1 and while doing so pulls the feet up from the floor4 ,in the instant that his weight is released1 he hitches forward on the knees1 the two knees moving forward alternately4 ,,rotary4--,raise both arms above the head4 ,move both with a rotary motion in opposite directions1 describing a circle in the air1 with the right hand moving forward and with the left moving backward simultaneously4 ,extend both arms in slanting position downward from the shoulders1 elbows straight4 ,describe circles in the air with both arms1 the hands at about the level of the hips1 the right turning forward and the left backward4 ,,rubber ,,neck4--,in this feat a kneeling performer is required to pick a card up from the floor with his teeth1 both hands being behind his back4 ,the card is placed in front of him at the length of his forearm and hand from one knee4 ,this distance is measured by placing the elbow against the knee and stretching the forearm and the hand at full length on the floor2 the point which the middle finger reaches is the point at which the card must be placed4 ,the card has the ends folded down so as to rest like a small table on the floor4 ,the nearer edge of it must rest on the line determined as above specified4 ,,scales4--,hold a weight out at arm's length for a given time4 ,,siamese ,,twins4--,two players 7two boys or two girls71 of about the same height and weight1 stand back to back and lock arms4 ,the object is to walk in one direction1 using first the legs of one player and then those of the other4 ,this may be done by one player moving his feet forward slightly4 ,this is accomplished by both bending the knees1 and the player on the side toward which progress is to be made sliding his feet forward4 ,bracing his feet in the new position1 he straightens his entire body upright1 drawing the rear player after him until both are in the same relative position as at the start4 ,this constitutes one step1 and is repeated over as long a distance as may be specified or desired4 ,illustration3 ,,skin ,,the ,,snake ,reprinted from ,dr4 ,isaac ,t4 ,headland's ,chinese ,boy and ,girl1 by kind permission of ,messrs4 ,fleming ,h4 ,revell and ,co4 ,,skin ,,the ,,snake4--,this is a feat for several performers--from five to fifty or more1 and is suitable for the gymnasium4 ,the players stand in a line1 one behind another1 with a short distance between4 ,each player bends forward and stretches one hand backward between his legs1 while with the other hand he grasps that of the player in front1 who has assumed the same position4 ,when all are in position1 the line begins backing1 the player at the rear end of the line lying down on his back1 and the next player walking backward astride over him until he can go no farther1 when he also lies down with the first player's head between his legs4 ,this backing and lying-down movement continues until all the players are lying in a straight line on the floor4 ,then the last one to lie down gets up and walks astride the line toward the front1 raising the man next behind him to his feet1 and so on until all again are standing in the original position4 ,the grasp of hands is retained throughout4 ,it hardly need be said that this game is of ,chinese origin4 ,it makes a very funny spectacle1 especially if done rapidly4 ,,stooping ,,push4--,draw a line on the floor4 ,toe it with the feet spread wide apart4 ,reach around outside of the legs and grasp a light dumb-bell or other object of similar weight with both hands2 throw or slide it forward on the floor from between the feet1 the hands being kept together throughout4 ,the object is to see how far the dumb-bell may be thrown without the player losing his balance4 ,,tantalus4--,the left foot and leg and left cheek are placed close against the wall4 ,the right foot is then slightly lifted in an effort to touch the left knee4 ,having reached it1 the position should be steadily maintained for a few moments4 ,,thumb ,,spring4--,this is similar to the ,wall ,spring1 but differs both in method of execution and in general difficulty4 ,the performer places the inner side of the thumbs against a wall1 or the edge of a table or window sill may be used4 ,no other part of the hands should touch this surface4 ,the feet should then be moved as far backward as possible4 ,the body will then be leaning forward2 and from this position1 without any movement of the feet1 a sudden push should be made from the thumbs1 the object being to recover the upright position4 ,it is well to begin with a slight distance and work up to a greater one4 ,,wall ,,pivot4--,one foot is placed against a wall at about the height of the knee4 ,the other foot is thrown over it1 the body making a complete turn in the air1 so that the free foot may touch the ground in time to sustain the weight before a tumble4 ,thus1 if the right foot be placed against the wall1 the left leg will be thrown over it and the body turned over toward the right1 the left foot being replaced on the floor to receive the weight4 ,this is usually easier if done with a short run1 and is best practiced on a thick gymnasium mattress4 ,,wall ,,spring4--,the performer should stand facing a wall and a short distance from it4 ,keeping his feet in one spot1 he should lean forward and place the palms of his hands flat against the wall2 from this position he should then make a sudden push and spring backward to an upright position4 ,with some practice1 this may be done with a very considerable distance between the feet and the wall4 ,,wooden ,,soldier4--,the arms are folded across the chest4 ,in this position the performer is required to lie down on the back and rise again to an upright standing position1 without assistance from either hands or elbows4 ,,wriggle ,,walk4--,the performer stands with heels together and toes pointed outward4 ,simultaneously he raises the right toes and the left heel1 and turns them toward the same direction1 the right toes inward and the left heel outward1 pivoting on the opposite toe and heel4 ,this is then reversed1 so as to continue progress in the same direction4 ,resting on the toes and heel just moved1 he lifts the opposite ones2 that is1 the left toes moving outward1 the right heel moving inward1 and so progresses for a specified distance4 ,,iv4 ,,forfeits ,many of the things described in the previous section of this chapter may be used as forfeits4 ,forfeits are used in many games as a penalty for failure1 and may be an occasion for much merriment4 ,the usual method of collecting and disposing of the forfeits is for each player when he fails1 to deposit with some one person designated for the purpose some article which shall serve to identify him when the penalties are assigned4 ,this may be a ring1 some small article from the pocket1 a bonbon1 a pebble1 or flower1 a bit of ribbon1 or other ornament of dress4 ,when the game is over1 the forfeits are redeemed4 ,for this purpose one player is chosen as the judge1 who is seated4 ,behind him stands a player who takes one article at a time from the pile of collected forfeits1 holds it over the head of the judge so that he may not see it1 and says1 ,heavy1 heavy hangs over thy head4 ,the judge then asks1 ,fine or superfine8 7meaning1 boy or girl87 ,the holder answers1 ,fine1 if a boy1 and ,superfine1 if a girl1 and adds1 ,what must the owner do to redeem it8 ,the judge then pronounces sentence4 ,part of the sport of this imposing of penalties for forfeits is the ignorance of the judge as to who is the owner of the forfeit4 ,the following penalties are appropriate for the paying of forfeits1 and many of the feats previously described are also suitable4 ,the practice of forfeits is prehistoric1 and is thought to have originated in the custom of paying ransom for immunity from punishment for crimes4 ,as used in games of later years1 the main object has been to make the offender ridiculous4 ,,affirmative1 ,,the4--,a player is required to ask a question that cannot be answered in the negative4 ,the question is1 ,what does y-e-s spell8 ,,blarney ,,stone4--,the player is required to pay a compliment to each person in the room in turn4 ,,blind ,,waltz4--,two players are blindfolded and told to waltz together4 ,,chew ,,the ,,string4--,two bonbons are wrapped in paper and tied each to a piece of string six yards in length4 ,these are placed on the floor at a distance from each other1 the free end of each string being given to one of the two players who are assigned to this penalty4 ,at a signal1 each player puts his piece of string in his mouth1 and with hands behind back chews rapidly at the string1 trying to get it all into the mouth4 ,the one who first gets to his piece of candy is rewarded by having both pieces4 ,,constantinople4--,the player is required to ,spell ,constantinople1 one syllable at a time4 ,as soon as he gets to the letter i1 all of the other players shout the following syllable1 ,no6 ,the speller naturally thinks that he has made a mistake1 and commences again4 ,each time that he gets to the letter i1 the same cry of ,no is made1 and the poor victim may become very much confused1 and doubt his own memory as to spelling before he discovers the trick4 ,,cordial ,,greeting1 ,a4--,this penalty is imposed upon two players at once4 ,they are blindfolded and led to opposite corners of the room4 ,they are then told to go toward each other and shake hands4 ,,crawl1 ,,the4--,the player is required to leave the room with two legs and come back with six4 ,he does this by bringing a chair with him when he returns4 ,,dangerous ,,position1 ,a4--,the player is required to sit upon the fire4 ,this is done by writing the words the fire on a slip of paper1 and then sitting on it4 ,,ennui4--,the player is required to yawn until he makes some one else yawn4 ,,football4--,a ball the size of an orange is made of crumpled paper4 ,it is placed on the floor1 and the player is required to stand at a point three times the length of his foot from the ball4 ,from this point he is required without bending the knees to kick the ball out of the way4 ,,forum1 ,,the4--,the player is required to make a speech on any subject assigned by the judge4 ,,four ,,feet4--,the player is required to put four feet against the wall4 ,he does this by placing the feet of a chair against the wall4 ,,grasshopper4--,the player is required to hold one foot in his hand and hop on the other around the room4 ,,hand-,,to-,,hand4--,a player is given some small article to hold in each hand1 such as a flower or lead pencil1 and required to stretch both arms at full length sideways1 the right arm to the right and the left arm to the left4 ,he is then required to bring both articles into one hand without bending shoulders or elbows2 or1 to state it differently1 without bringing the hands any nearer together4 ,this may be done by placing one of the objects on a table with one hand1 turning around1 and picking it up with the other hand4 ,,haystack4--,a player is required to make a pile of chairs as high as his head1 and then take off his shoes and jump over them4 7,jump over the shoes47 ,,hottentot ,,tackle4--,the player is required to cross the arms and grasp the left ear with the right hand and the nose with the left hand4 ,he is then suddenly to release the grasp and reverse the position of the hands1 grasping the right ear with the left hand and the nose with the right hand4 ,this should be repeated several times in quick succession4 ,,inside ,,and ,,out4--,the player is required to kiss a book inside and outside without opening it4 ,he accomplishes this seemingly impossible task by taking the book out of the room1 kissing it there1 coming back1 and kissing it again inside the room4 ,,jingles4--,the player is given two pairs of rhymes and required to write a verse of four lines ending with the prescribed rhymes4 ,this same forfeit may be imposed on several different players at once1 an added interest arising from comparison of the finished verses4 ,,knight ,,of ,,the ,,rueful ,,countenance4--,this requires two players1 one who is assigned to be the knight and the other to be the squire4 ,the squire takes the knight by the arm and leads him before each lady present4 ,the squire kisses the hand of each lady in turn1 and after each kiss carefully wipes the knight's mouth with a handkerchief4 ,the knight must display his grief at the loss of so many opportunities by preserving throughout an unsmiling countenance4 ,,little ,,dog ,,tray4--,the player is required to crawl under the table on all fours and bark like a dog4 ,,little ,,german ,,band1 ,,the4--,three or four players are told to imitate a little ,german band1 each being required to represent a certain instrument1 and all to join in rendering some popular air1 which should be assigned4 ,,little ,,sunshine4--,the player is required to walk around the room and bestow a smile on each person in turn4 ,,lunch ,,counter4--,an apple is suspended at head height on the end of a string from a chandelier or portire pole4 ,the delinquent player is required to walk up to the apple and take a bite from it without help from the hands4 ,for obvious reasons1 only one person should be allowed to bite at an apple4 ,,moods4--,the player is required to laugh in one corner of the room1 to sing in the second corner1 to cry in the third1 and to whistle or dance in the fourth4 ,,negative ,,side1 ,,the4--,the player is required to answer ,no to a question put to him by each member of the company in turn4 ,this may be made very funny if he be required1 for instance1 thereby to express dislike for his favorite occupations or friends4 ,,pilgrimage ,,to ,,rome1 ,a4--,the judge announces that the player who is to redeem this forfeit is about to make a pilgrimage to ,rome1 and requests that each member of the company give him something to take on his journey4 ,the pilgrim is then required to pass around the room while each person1 in turn1 presents him with some article1 the more inappropriate or difficult or cumbersome to carry the better4 ,these may consist1 for instance1 of a small chair1 a sofa pillow1 a house plant1 a big basket1 a lunch consisting of a nut1 etc4 ,these must all be carried at once1 and when all have been collected1 the pilgrim must make one entire round of the room before laying any of them down4 ,,safety ,,point4--,the player is required to put one hand where the other cannot touch it4 ,he does this by placing the right hand on the left elbow1 or vice versa4 ,,so ,,near ,,and ,,yet ,,so ,,far4--,two players are required to stand upon an open newspaper in such a manner that they cannot possibly touch one another4 ,they will find the solution of the problem in placing the newspaper over the sill of a door1 and then closing the door between them4 ,,spoon ,,food4--,two players are blindfolded and seated on the floor1 each with a large towel or napkin pinned around the neck like a bib4 ,each is then given a bowl filled with corn meal or flour1 and a spoon4 ,when all is ready1 the two players are told to feed each other4 ,this forfeit makes as much sport for the rest of the company as for those engaged in its performance4 ,,three ,,questions4--,the delinquent player is sent out of the room4 ,while he is gone1 the remaining players decide on three questions1 to which he must reply ,yes or ,no before he knows what the questions are4 ,when he returns1 he is asked if he will answer the first question with ,yes or ,no4 ,having made his choice1 the question is then repeated to him1 often resulting in much laughter from the incongruity of the answer4 ,the other questions are answered in the same way4 ,,tidbit4--,the player is required to bite an inch off the poker4 ,he does this by holding the poker about an inch from his face and making a bite at it4 ,,toast ,,of ,,the ,,evening1 ,,the4--,the player is required to propose his or her own health in a complimentary speech about himself or herself4 ,,umbrella ,,stand4--,a closed umbrella or a cane is held upright on the floor by pressing on the top of it with the forefinger4 ,the player is then required to release his hold1 to pirouette rapidly1 and snatch the umbrella before it falls to the ground4 ,,verse ,,lengths4--,the player is required to repeat a verse or jingle1 stating the number of the word after each word4 ,for example3-- ,yankee1 one1 ,doodle1 two1 went1 three1 to1 four1 town1 five1 etc4 ,,walking ,,spanish4--,the player is given a cane or closed umbrella4 ,he rests this on the floor1 places both hands on top of it1 and then rests his forehead on the hands4 ,while in this position1 he is required to turn around three times1 then suddenly stand with head erect1 and walk straight ahead4 ,,zoo1 ,,the4--,the player is required to imitate a donkey or any other animal4 ,,singing ,,games ,,singing ,,games ,,did ,,you ,,ever ,,see ,a ,,lassie8 #aj to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,this is a game for very little children1 and with a little suggestion as to the exercises or movements to be illustrated by the lassie1 may be the source of some very good exercise as well as a pleasing game4 ,all of the players but one form a circle1 clasping hands4 ,they circle around1 singing the first two lines of the verse4 ,while they are doing this1 the odd player stands in the center and illustrates some movement which he chooses for the others to imitate4 ,during the last two lines of the verse the players stand in place1 drop hands1 and imitate the movements of the center player1 which he continues in unison with them4 ,did you ever see a lassie1 a lassie1 a lassie1 ,did you ever see a lassie do this way and that8 ,do this way and that way1 and this way and that way2 ,did you ever see a lassie do this way and that8 ,when a boy is in the center1 the word lassie should be changed to laddie4 ,the player may imitate any activity1 such as mowing grass1 raking hay1 prancing like a horse1 or turning a hand organ2 may use dancing steps or movements such as bowing1 courtesying1 skipping1 whirling in dance steps with the hands over the head1 etc42 or may take any gymnastic movements1 such as hopping1 jumping1 arm1 head1 trunk1 or leg exercises1 etc4 ,illustration music3 ,did ,you ,ever ,see a ,lassie8 ,did you ev-er see a las-sie1 a las-sie1 a las-sie1 ,did you ev-er see a las-sie do this way and that8 ,do this way and that way1 and this way and that way2 ,did you ev-er see a las-sie do this way and that8 ,illustration3 ,,draw ,a ,,bucket ,,of ,,water ,,draw ,a ,,bucket ,,of ,,water #d to #fj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this game is played in groups of four1 generally by girls4 ,two players face each other1 clasping hands at full arm's length4 ,the other two face each other in the same way1 with their arms crossing those of the first couple at right angles4 ,bracing the feet1 the couples sway backward and forward1 singing the following rhyme3-- ,illustration music3 ,draw a buck-et of wa-ter1 ,for my la-dy's daugh-ter1 ,one in a rush1 ,two in a rush1 ,please1 lit-tle girl1 bob un-der the bush4 ,draw a bucket of water1 ,for my lady's daughter4 ,one in a rush1 ,two in a rush1 ,please little girl1 bob under the bush4 ,as the last line is said1 the players all raise their arms without unclasping the hands and place them around their companions1 who stoop to step inside4 ,they will then be standing in a circle with arms around each other's waists4 ,the game finishes by dancing in this position around in a ring1 repeating the verse once more4 ,the illustration shows in the left-hand group the pulling backward and forward2 in the rear 7center7 group the lifting of hands and stooping under2 and in the right-hand group the position for dancing around while repeating the verse4 ,illustration music3 ,,duck ,,dance 7,,the7 #a4 ,i saw a ship a-sail-ing1 ,a-sail-ing on the sea2 ,and oh1 it was la-den ,with pret-ty things for me4 #b4 ,there were com-fits in the cab-in1 ,and ap-ples in the hold2 ,the sails were made of silk1 ,and the masts were made of gold4 #c4 ,four and twen-ty sail-ors ,that sat up-on the decks ,were four and twen-ty white mice ,with chains a-bout their necks4 #d4 ,the cap-tain was a duck ,with a pack-et on his back1 ,and when the ship be-gan to move ,the cap-tain cried ,quack6 quack6 ,i saw a ship a-sailing1 a-sailing on the sea2 ,and oh1 it was laden with pretty things for me4 ,there were comfits in the cabin1 and apples in the hold2 ,the sails were made of silk1 and the masts were made of gold4 ,four and twenty sailors that sat upon the deck ,were four and twenty white mice with chains about their necks4 ,the captain was a duck with a packet on his back1 ,and when the ship began to move the captain cried quack6 quack6 ,the players hold hands and circle rapidly while singing4 ,after the last verse one of the players breaks the circle and with his next neighbor raises his hand high to form an arch1 calling ,bid1 bid1 bid6 which is the call for ducks4 ,the player on the opposite side of the break in the circle proceeds to pass under this arch1 the entire circle following1 all holding hands and answering ,quack6 quack6 quack6 ,when all have passed through1 the two players at the opposite end of the line raise their hands and cry1 ,bid1 bid1 bid6 while the two who first made the arch pass through1 drawing the line after them1 and calling ,quack6 quack6 quack6 ,this passing of the ducks under the gateway is continued during one or two repetitions of the music4 ,the players should repeat ,bid1 bid1 bid6 and ,quack1 quack1 quack6 in rhythm during all of this latter part of the play4 ,,farmer ,,in ,,the ,,dell #aj to #cj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,the farmer in the dell1 ,the farmer in the dell1 ,heigh-o6 the cherry-oh6 ,the farmer in the dell4 ,the farmer takes a wife1 ,the farmer takes a wife1 ,heigh-o6 the cherry-oh6 ,the farmer takes a wife4 ,the wife takes a child1 ,the wife takes a child1 ,heigh-o6 the cherry-oh1 ,the wife takes a child4 ,the succeeding verses vary only in the choice in each1 and follow in this order3-- ,the child takes a nurse1 etc4 ,the nurse takes a cat1 etc4 ,the cat takes a rat1 etc41 ,the rat takes the cheese1 etc4 ,illustration music3 ,the far-mer in the dell1 ,the far-mer in the dell1 ,heigh-o the cher-ry-oh1 ,the far-mer in the dell4 ,the players stand in a circle with one of their number in the center1 who represents the farmer in the dell4 ,at the singing of the second verse1 where the farmer takes a wife1 the center player beckons to another1 who goes in and stands by her4 ,the circle keeps moving while each verse is sung1 and each time the player last called in beckons to another2 that is1 the wife beckons one into the circle as the child1 the child beckons one for the nurse1 etc41 until six are standing in the circle4 ,but when the lines1 ,the rat takes the cheese1 are sung1 the players inside the circle and those forming it jump up and down and clap their hands in a grand confusion1 and the game breaks up4 ,,hunting #aj to #fj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this game is especially enjoyed by little boys1 for whom there is a comparatively small number of appropriate singing games4 ,the players all stand in two lines facing each other4 ,they clap their hands in time with the song1 and sing the first verse3-- ,illustration music3 ,oh1 have you seen the ,shah8 ,oh1 have you seen the ,shah8 ,he lights his pipe on a star-light night1 ,oh1 have you seen the ,shah8 ,for a-hunt-ing we will go1 ,a- hunt-ing we will go4 ,we'll catch a fox and put him in a box4 ,a-hunt-ing we will go4 ,oh1 have you seen the ,shah8 ,oh1 have you seen the ,shah8 ,he lights his pipe on a starlight night4 ,oh1 have you seen the ,shah8 ,for a-hunting we will go1 ,a-hunting we will go4 ,we'll catch a fox and put him in a box4 ,a-hunting we will go4 ,while the last verse is being sung1 the two players at the top of the lines run forward1 join hands1 and run down between the lines to the foot1 turn around1 join the other hands1 and return between the lines4 ,when they have reached the head again1 they unclasp hands and run down the outside of the lines1 each on his own side1 and take their places at the foot of the lines4 ,by this time the verse should be finished1 and it is then sung again1 the two players who are now standing at the head running down through the middle1 etc4 ,this is repeated until all the players have run1 when the two lines join hands in a ring and all dance around1 repeating the verse for the last time4 ,for a large number of players several may run instead of two4 ,the first two then represent foxes1 the next four1 prancing or galloping horses 7all in time to the music71 and four others for riders or hunters4 ,,itiskit1 ,,itasket #aj to #cj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this is a form of ,drop the ,handkerchief1 differing somewhat in play1 and also in that a verse is sung with the game4 ,all of the players but one stand in a circle with clasped hands2 the odd player1 carrying a handkerchief1 runs around on the outside of the circle1 singing the following verse3-- ,itiskit1 ,itasket1 ,a green and yellow basket2 ,i wrote a letter to my love ,and on the way ,i dropped it4 ,some one of you has picked it up ,and put it in your pocket2 ,it isn't you--it isn't you-- ,this last phrase is repeated until the player reaches one behind whom he wishes to drop the handkerchief1 when he says1 ,it is you6 and immediately starts on a quick run around the circle4 ,illustration music3 ,itiskit1 ,itasket ,i-tis-kit1 ,i-tas-ket1 ,a green and yel-low bas-ket2 ,i wrote a let-ter to my love ,and on the way ,i dropped it4 ,i dropped it1 ,i dropped it1 ,and on the way ,i dropped it4 ,some one of you has picked it up ,and put it in your pock-et2 ,it isn't you1 it isn't you1 ,it isn't you1 it isn't you4 ,the one behind whom the handkerchief was dropped picks it up and at once starts around the circle in the opposite direction1 the object being to see which of the two shall first reach the vacant place4 ,the one who is left out takes the handkerchief for the next round4 ,should a circle player fail to discover that the handkerchief has been dropped behind him until the one who has dropped it has walked or run entirely around the circle1 he must yield his place in the circle to the handkerchief man1 changing places with him4 ,,keep ,,moving #e to #fj players4 ,indoors2 out of doors2 schoolroom4 ,one player is chosen as leader4 ,he repeats or sings the following formula1 at the same time going through the motions indicated4 ,the other players must repeat the formula and the motions with him4 ,they may be either seated or standing4 ,the rhythm should be very rapid3-- ,illustration music3 ,one finger1 one thumb 7etc47 keep moving1 ,one finger1 one thumb 7etc47 keep moving1 ,one finger1 one thumb 7etc47 keep moving1 ,tra la6 la1 la6 la1 la6 ,one finger one thumb keep moving1 ,one finger one thumb keep moving1 ,one finger one thumb keep moving4 ,tra-la6 la-la6 la-la6 7,the thumb and index finger of one hand are separated and brought together1 as when a bird's beak is being imitated with the fingers47 ,two fingers two thumbs keep moving1 ,two fingers two thumbs keep moving1 ,two fingers two thumbs keep moving4 ,tra-la6 la-la6 la-la6 7,the thumb and index finger of both hands are moved in similar manner47 ,four fingers two thumbs keep moving1 ,four ---- ,four ---- ,tra-la6 ---- 7,the thumb1 index1 and middle fingers on each hand47 ,six fingers two thumbs keep moving1 ,six ---- ,six ---- ,tra-la6 ---- 7,add the ring finger47 ,eight fingers two thumbs keep moving1 ,eight ----1 etc4 7,all the fingers47 ,eight fingers two thumbs one hand keep moving1 ,eight fingers two thumbs one hand keep moving1 ,eight fingers two thumbs one hand keep moving4 ,tra-la6 la-la6 la-la6 7,the finger motion is continued1 and to it is added an up-and-down shaking of one hand47 ,eight fingers two thumbs two hands keep moving1 ,eight ---- ,eight ---- ,tra-la6 ---- 7,a similar movement of the other hand is added47 ,eight fingers two thumbs two hands one arm keep moving1 etc4 7,one arm is moved up and down with the shoulder1 elbow1 and wrist all active1 while the movement of the fingers and of the opposite hand continues47 ,eight fingers two thumbs two hands two arms keep moving1 etc4 7,add similar movement of the other arm47 ,eight fingers two thumbs two hands two arms one foot keep moving1 etc4 7,the toes of one foot are lifted 7bending the ankle7 and tapped on the floor as in beating time47 ,eight fingers two thumbs two hands two arms two feet keep moving1 etc4 7,add similar movement of other foot47 ,eight fingers two thumbs two hands two arms two feet one leg keep moving1 etc4 7,lift one leg with bent knee and replace the foot on the floor in rhythmic time1 while all of the other parts mentioned are kept in motion as previously47 ,eight fingers two thumbs two hands two arms two feet two legs keep moving1 etc4 7,add similar movement of the other leg47 ,eight fingers two thumbs two hands two arms two feet two legs one head keep moving1 etc4 7,add a nodding movement of the head1 forward and backward47 ,this is a ,scotch game and is full of sport1 but will depend largely for its success upon the familiarity of the leader with the order of the movements1 and1 like most ,scotch games1 upon the rapid and sustained time in which it is kept going4 ,it is especially good for the schoolroom1 as it affords some excellent exercise without the players leaving their seats4 ,,king ,,of ,,france 7,,the7 #aj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,illustration music3 ,the ,king of ,france with for-ty thou-sand men ,marched up the hill and then marched down a-gain4 ,the ,king of ,france with forty thousand men ,marched up the hill and then marched down again4 ,the players stand in two rows or groups facing each other4 ,each group has a leader who stands in the center and represents a king leading his army4 ,the game or play is a simple one of imitation2 in which the players perform in unison some action first indicated by one of the leaders4 ,the leaders of the two groups take turns in singing the verse1 at the same time marching forward during the first line of the verse1 and back again to their places during the second line1 illustrating the action that is then to be taken by all4 ,the verse is then sung by both groups while advancing toward each other and retreating1 performing the movements indicated by the leaders4 ,the movements illustrated by the leaders may be anything suitable to an army of men1 the words describing the movement being substituted for the line1 ,marched up the hill4 ,thus3-- ,the ,king of ,france with forty thousand men ,waved his flag and then marched down again4 ,the following variations are suggested1 each of which indicates the movements to go with it4 ,gave a salute1 etc4 ,beat his drum4 ,blew his horn4 ,drew his sword4 ,aimed his gun4 ,fired his gun4 ,shouldered arms4 ,pranced on his horse4 ,it is scarcely necessary to say that a real flag and drum add much to the martial spirit of the game1 and if each soldier can have a stick or wand over his shoulder for a gun1 the esprit de corps will be proportionately enhanced4 ,,kitty ,,white #aj to #cj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this is an admirable game for very little children4 ,their dramatic tendency should be given full rein in impersonating the soft movements of the kitty and mousie before the chase begins4 ,kitty ,white so slyly comes1 ,to catch the ,mousie ,gray2 ,but mousie hears her softly creep2 ,and quickly runs away4 ,run1 run1 run1 little mouse1 ,run all around the house2 ,for ,kitty ,white is coming near1 ,and she will catch the mouse1 ,i fear4 ,illustration music3 ,kitty ,white ,kit-ty ,white so sly-ly comes ,to catch the ,mous-ie ,gray2 ,but mous-ie hears her soft-ly creep ,and quick-ly runs a-way4 ,run1 run1 run1 lit-tle mouse1 ,run all a-round the house2 ,for ,kit-ty ,white is com-ing near1 ,and she will catch the mouse1 ,i fear4 ,one player is chosen for the mouse and stands in the center1 and another for ,kitty ,white1 who stands outside of the circle4 ,the other players join hands in a ring and move around1 while singing the first four lines4 ,meanwhile ,kitty ,white is creeping around outside of the circle1 peeping in at little ,mousie ,gray4 ,when the fourth line is reached1 ,and quickly runs away1 the circle stops moving and drops hands while the mouse runs out and in through the circle1 chased by ,kitty ,white4 ,for the last four lines1 while the chase is going on1 the players in the circle stand in place and clap their hands while singing ,run1 run1 etc4 ,when the mousie is caught1 both return to the circle1 and another mouse and kitty are chosen4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,duck ,,dance ,,leaves ,,are ,,green #d to #fj players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this is a game for small children4 ,the players join hands and form a ring4 ,they dance around in a circle in time to the music1 singing to the air of ,mulberry bush3-- ,the leaves are green1 the nuts are brown2 ,they hang so high they will not come down2 ,leave them alone till frosty weather2 ,then they will all come down together4 ,as the last words are sung1 the children all stoop suddenly to the ground1 to represent the falling nuts4 ,this is more interesting if the time be rapid and if the players jump before stooping1 which may lead to their tumbling over as the nuts do when they fall from the trees4 ,,let ,,the ,,feet ,,go ,,tramp #aj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,let the feet go tramp6 tramp6 tramp6 ,let the hands go clap6 clap6 clap6 ,let the finger beckon thee4 ,come1 dear friend1 and skip with me4 ,la1 la la la1 la la la1 etc4 ,let the ,feet ,go ,tramp ,illustration music3 ,let the ,feet ,go ,tramp ,let the feet go tramp1 tramp1 tramp1 ,let the hands go clap1 clap1 clap1 ,let the fin-ger beck-on thee1 ,come1 dear play-mate1 skip with me4 ,tra la la la la la la1 ,la la la la la la la1 ,la la la la la la la1 ,la la la la la4 ,the players form a circle with from one to five in the center1 according to the number of players4 ,all of the players1 both circle and center1 sing the verse1 suiting the action to the words with stamping of the feet for ,tramp1 tramp1 tramp6 and clapping of the hands for ,clap1 clap1 clap6 ,as the last line1 ,come dear friend and skip with me1 is sung1 each child in the center beckons to one in the circle1 who steps in and joins hands with the little partner as they stand facing each other4 ,these partners in the center then dance around in time to the chorus ,la1 la1 and the circle players may also join hands and dance in a circle4 ,,london ,,bridge #f to #cj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,illustration music3 ,lon-don bridge is fall-ing down1 ,fall-ing down1 fall-ing down1 ,lon-don bridge is fall-ing down1 ,my fair la-dy4 ,london ,bridge is falling down1 ,falling down1 falling down4 ,london ,bridge is falling down1 ,my fair lady6 ,build it up with iron bars1 ,iron bars1 iron bars4 ,build it up with iron bars1 ,my fair lady6 ,iron bars will bend and break1 ,bend and break1 bend and break1 ,iron bars will bend and break1 ,my fair lady6 ,build it up with gold and silver1 etc4 ,gold and silver will be stolen away1 etc4 ,get a man to watch all night1 etc4 ,suppose the man should fall asleep8 etc4 ,put a pipe into his mouth1 etc4 ,suppose the pipe should fall and break8 etc4 ,get a dog to bark all night1 etc4 ,suppose the dog should meet a bone8 etc4 ,get a cock to crow all night1 etc4 ,here's a prisoner ,i have got1 etc4 ,what's the prisoner done to you8 etc4 ,stole my hat and lost my keys1 etc4 ,a hundred pounds will set him free1 etc4 ,a hundred pounds he has not got1 etc4 ,off to prison he must go1 etc4 ,two of the tallest players represent a bridge by facing each other1 clasping hands1 and holding them high for the others to pass under4 ,the other players1 in a long line1 holding each other by the hand or dress1 pass under the arch while the verses are sung alternately by the players representing the bridge and those passing under1 those forming the arch singing the first and alternate verses and the last ,off to prison4 ,as the words1-- ,here's a prisoner ,i have got are sung1 the players representing the bridge drop their arms around the one who happens to be passing under at the time4 ,the succeeding verses are then sung to ,off to prison he must go4 ,during this last one the prisoner is led off to one side to a place supposed to be a prison1 and is there asked in a whisper or low voice to choose between two valuable objects1 represented by the two bridge players who have previously agreed which each shall represent1 such as a diamond necklace or a gold piano4 ,the prisoner belongs to the side which he thus chooses4 ,when all have been caught1 the prisoners line up behind their respective leaders 7who have up to this time been the holders of the bridge71 clasp each other around the waist1 and a tug of war takes place1 the side winning which succeeds in pulling its opponent across a given line4 ,where a large number of players are taking part1 say over ten1 the action may be made much more rapid and interesting by forming several spans or arches to the bridge instead of only one1 and by having the players run instead of walk under4 ,there is thus much more activity for each player1 and the prisoners are all caught much sooner4 ,this is a very ancient game1 supposed to have originated in the custom of making a foundation sacrifice at the building of a bridge4 ,the tug of war is thought by ,mr4 ,newell possibly to signify a contest between powers of good and evil for the soul of the victim sacrificed4 ,,looby ,,loo #e to #fj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,here we dance1 looby1 looby1 looby4 ,here we dance1 looby1 looby1 light4 ,here we dance1 looby1 looby1 looby1 loo1 ,every ,saturday night4 ,put your right hand in ,put your right hand out ,give your right hand a shake1 shake1 shake1 ,hinkumbooby round-about4 ,here we dance1 looby1 looby1 looby1 etc4 ,put your left hand in1 etc4 ,here we dance1 looby1 looby1 looby1 etc4 ,put your two hands in1 etc4 ,put your right foot in1 etc4 ,put your left foot in1 etc4 ,put your two feet in1 etc4 ,put your right elbow in1 etc4 ,put your left elbow in1 etc4 ,put your two elbows in1 etc4 ,put your right ear in1 etc4 ,put your left ear in1 etc4 ,put your head way in 7bend deeply from the waist74 ,illustration music3 ,looby ,loo ,here we dance looby1 loo-by1 loo-by1 ,here we dance looby1 loo-by1 light2 ,here we dance loo-by1 loo-by1 loo-by1 loo1 ,ev-'ry ,sat-ur-day night4 ,put your right hand in1 ,put your right hand out1 ,give your right hand a shake1 shake1 shake1 ,hin-kum-boo-by round a-bout4 ,the players stand in a ring1 clasping hands4 ,for the first two lines of the chorus1-- ,here we dance1 looby1 looby1 looby1 ,here we dance1 looby1 looby1 light1 the players sway from one foot to the other1 throwing the free foot across the other in sort of a balance movement in rhythm to the music4 ,on the last two lines of this verse1-- ,here we dance1 looby1 looby1 looby1 loo1 ,every ,saturday night1 the circle gallops halfway around to the left for the first line1 and reverses the action1 returning to place on the last line4 ,for the alternate verses which describe action the movements are suited to the words2 for instance1 when the left hand is called for1 the players lean far forward and stretch the left hand into the ring while singing the first line1 turn around1 and stretch the left hand outward for the second line1 shake the hand hard on the third line1 and on the last line jump or spin completely around4 ,this is a very ancient game1 supposed to have originated in a choral dance1 probably in celebration of the rites of some deity1 in which animal postures were assumed or animal rites were an object4 ,later1 it was an old court dance1 stately and decorous as the minuet4 ,,muffin ,,man #f to #cj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,the players stand in a circle1 with one or more in the center4 ,the circle dances around and sings the first two lines of the following verse4 ,they then stand still while the player or players in the center choose each a partner who enters the circle with him2 they clasp hands and dance around1 singing the last two lines3-- ,oh1 have you seen the muffin man1 the muffin man1 the muffin man8 ,oh1 have you seen the muffin man that lives in ,drury ,lane1 ,o6 ,oh1 yes1 ,i've seen the muffin man1 the muffin man1 the muffin man1 ,oh1 yes1 ,i've seen the muffin man that lives in ,drury ,lane1 ,o6 ,illustration music3 7,the7 ,muffin ,man ,oh1 have you seen the muffin man1 the muffin man1 the muffin man8 ,oh1 have you seen the muffin man that lives in ,drury ,lane1 ,o6 ,oh1 yes1 ,i've seen the muffin man1 the muffin man1 the muffin man1 ,oh1 yes1 ,i've seen the muffin man that lives in ,drury ,lane1 ,o6 ,miss ,newton has a very good adaptation of this game for the schoolroom or parlor1 in which four or five players stand in corners4 ,each of these chooses a partner at the end of the second line1 and these groups of two dance in a circle4 ,,mulberry ,,bush #f to #fj players or more4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,here we go round the mulberry bush1 ,the mulberry bush1 the mulberry bush1 ,here we go round the mulberry bush1 ,so early in the morning6 ,illustration music3 ,,mulberry ,,bush ,here we go round the mulberry bush1 ,the mulberry bush1 the mulberry bush1 ,here we go round the mulberry bush1 ,so early in the morning6 ,this is the way we wash our clothes1 ,we wash our clothes1 we wash our clothes1 ,this is the way we wash our clothes1 ,so early ,monday morning4 ,this is the way we iron our clothes1 ,we iron our clothes1 we iron our clothes1 ,this is the way we iron our clothes1 ,so early ,tuesday morning4 ,this is the way we scrub the floor1 ,we scrub the floor1 we scrub the floor1 ,this the way we scrub the floor1 ,so early ,wednesday morning4 ,this is the way we mend our clothes1 ,we mend our clothes1 we mend our clothes1 ,this the way we mend our clothes1 ,so early ,thursday morning4 ,this is the way we sweep the house1 ,we sweep the house1 we sweep the house1 ,this is the way we sweep the house1 ,so early ,friday morning4 ,thus we play when our work is done1 ,our work is done1 our work is done1 ,thus we play when our work is done1 ,so early ,saturday morning4 ,the players stand in a circle clasping hands1 and circle around1 singing the first verse4 ,in the second and alternate verses the action indicated by the lines is given in pantomime4 ,in all verses the players spin around rapidly1 each in her own place1 on the repetition of the refrain1 ,so early in the morning4 ,this is one of the oldest traditional games1 and probably one of the most widely known4 ,it is considered to have originated as a marriage dance around a sacred tree or bush1 our mistletoe custom having come from the same source4 ,,nuts ,,in ,,may #f to #fj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 7,sung to the air of ,mulberry ,bush7 ,here we come gathering nuts in ,may1 ,nuts in ,may1 nuts in ,may4 ,here we come gathering nuts in ,may1 ,on a cold and frosty morning4 ,whom will you have for nuts in ,may1 ,nuts in ,may1 nuts in ,may8 ,whom will you have for nuts in ,may ,on a cold and frosty morning8 ,we'll have 7,mary7 for nuts in ,may1 ,nuts in ,may1 nuts in ,may1 ,we'll have 7,mary7 for nuts in ,may1 ,on a cold and frosty morning4 ,whom will you send to fetch her away1 ,to fetch her away1 to fetch her away8 ,whom will you send to fetch her away1 ,on a cold and frosty morning8 ,we'll send 7,alice7 to fetch her away1 ,to fetch her away1 to fetch her away4 ,we'll send 7,alice7 to fetch her away1 ,on a cold and frosty morning4 ,the players stand in two lines facing each other and holding hands1 with a wide space between which will admit of advancing toward each other and retreating4 ,the first line sings the first verse1 advancing toward its opponents and retreating4 ,the second line then advances and retreats and sings the second verse4 ,the first line again advances and retreats1 singing the third verse1 naming some player who stands in the opposing line4 ,the second line1 unwilling to yield a player so easily1 then advances and retires1 singing the fourth verse1 in which it suggests that some one be sent to take the one who has been selected for nuts1 and the first line then advances and retires1 singing the last verse1 in which it names some player from its own side whom it considers a good match for the player whom it has called from the opposite side4 ,the lines then stand still while these two players advance to the center1 draw a mark on the ground1 or throw a handkerchief down to serve the purpose1 take hold of right hands across the line1 and have a tug of war4 ,the player who is pulled across the line becomes the captured nut and joins the side of her captors4 ,the game is then repeated1 with the change that the lines of players sing the verses that were sung by their opponents the previous time1 the second line of players starting with the first verse4 ,this should be continued until all of the players have taken part in the tug of war4 ,the line wins which gets the most nuts4 ,for large numbers of players1 instead of a tug of war between two players only1 the two lines may advance1 each player joining hands with the one opposite1 and all taking part in the tug of war4 ,still another method is to have the two players who are named1 join hands1 with the players of their respective sides all lined up behind them for a tug of war1 as in ,london ,bridge4 ,,oats1 ,,peas1 ,,beans #f to #fj players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,illustration music3 ,oats1 peas1 beans and bar-ley grows1 ,oats1 peas1 beans and bar-ley grows4 ,nor you nor ,i nor no-bod-y knows ,how oats1 peas1 beans and bar-ley grows4 ,thus the far-mer sows his seed1 ,thus he stands and takes his ease1 ,stamps his foot and clasps his hands1 ,and turns a-round to view his lands4 ,a-waiting for a partner1 ,a-waiting for a partner1 ,so open the ring and choose one in1 ,make haste and choose your partner4 ,oats1 peas1 beans1 and barley grows1 ,oats1 peas1 beans1 and barley grows4 ,nor you nor ,i nor nobody knows ,how oats1 peas1 beans1 and barley grows4 ,thus the farmer sows his seed1 ,thus he stands and takes his ease1 ,stamps his foot and claps his hands1 ,and turns around to view his lands4 ,a-waiting for a partner1 ,a-waiting for a partner1 ,so open the ring and choose one in1 ,make haste and choose your partner4 ,now you're married1 you must obey4 ,you must be true to all you say4 ,you must be kind1 you must be good1 ,and keep your wife in kindling wood4 ,the players form a ring1 clasping hands1 and circle about one of their number who has been chosen to stand in the center4 ,they all sing the first four lines1 when they drop hands1 and each player goes through the motions indicated by the words3 sowing the seed with a broad sweep of the arm as though scattering seed from the hand2 standing erect and folding the arms2 stamping the foot2 clapping the hands2 and at the end of the verse turning entirely around4 ,they then clasp hands again and circle entirely around1 singing3-- ,waiting for a partner1 ,waiting for a partner1 standing still for the last two lines3-- ,so open the ring ,and choose one in4 ,on these words the one in the center chooses one from the circle as a partner4 ,the player who was first in the center then returns to the circle1 and the one chosen as partner remains in the center while the game is repeated4 ,if large numbers are playing1 four players may stand in the center instead of one1 and in that case1 of course1 four partners will be chosen4 ,this form of playing the game has traditional sanction1 and at the same time adapts itself nicely to the large numbers that often have to be provided for under modern conditions of playing4 ,this is one of the games that ,mr4 ,newell calls world-old and world-wide4 ,it is found in ,france1 ,italy1 ,spain1 ,germany1 etc41 was played by ,froissart in the fourteenth century1 and by ,rabelais in the fifteenth4 ,the game is supposed to have had its source in a formula sung at the sowing of grain to propitiate the earth gods and to promote and quicken the growth of crops4 ,mrs4 ,gomme notes that the turning around and bowing to the fields and lands1 coupled with pantomimic actions of harvest activities1 are very general in the history of sympathetic magic among primitive peoples1 from which doubtless came the custom of spring and harvest festivals4 ,mrs4 ,gomme also points out that the choosing of the partner indicates the custom of courtship and marriage at these sowing and harvest gatherings4 ,,round ,,and ,,round ,,the ,,village #f to #cj or more players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,illustration music3 ,go round and round the village1 ,go round and round the village1 ,go round and round the village1 ,as we have done before4 ,go round and round the village1 ,go round and round the village1 ,go round and round the village1 ,go as we have done before4 ,go in and out the windows1 ,go in and out the windows1 ,go in and out the windows1 ,go as we have done before4 ,now stand and face your partner1 ,now stand and face your partner1 ,now stand and face your partner1 ,and bow before you go4 ,now follow me to ,london1 ,now follow me to ,london1 ,now follow me to ,london1 ,as we have done before4 ,the players form a circle1 clasping hands1 with one player outside4 ,in this game the circle stands still and represents the houses of a village4 ,the player outside sings the first verse dancing around the circle4 ,on the second verse1 ,in and out the windows1 etc41 the players forming the ring raise their clasped hands to represent windows1 and the outside player passes in under one arch1 out under the next1 and so on1 winding in and out until the circle has been completed4 ,she tries to get around by the time the verse is finished1 and then goes on singing the third verse while she pauses in the circle and chooses a partner4 ,these two then run around the outside of the circle while singing the last verse1 ,follow me to ,london1 etc41 returning at the close to the center of the circle1 where they bow and part1 the first player taking her place in the ring4 ,the game is then repeated1 with the second player running around the outside of the village4 ,where large numbers are playing1 several players may be chosen instead of one1 to run around the village and in and out of the windows4 ,in that case several partners will be chosen1 and at the close the first players will return to the circle1 and the partners whom they have chosen will go on with the game by running around the village and singing the first verse again4 ,,for ,,the ,,schoolroom4--,in the schoolroom two players may be chosen to run ,round and round the village1 starting from different parts of the room4 ,the remainder of the class sits and sings while these players run up and down through the aisles1 each touching two or three pupils1 who rise and run after them4 ,when the windows are mentioned1 the seated players who still have neighbors sitting across the aisles1 stand1 and clasp hands with the neighbors to form an arch under which the runners make their way4 ,variations4--,a pretty variation in this game1 adapting it to the modern city environment1 with which many city children are more familiar than they are with village life1 is to substitute for the words ,round and round the village and ,in and out the windows the words1 ,round and round the city 7presumably on elevated or subway trains7 and ,in and out the stations or ,in and out the subway4 ,while this tampering with a traditional form of the game is questionable1 there is no doubt that children much enjoy playing about things related to their own experiences4 ,a gradual and probably unconscious adaptation to environment is one of the manifestations of the folk-lore spirit4 ,this is one of the very old traditional games1 based on village customs4 ,mrs4 ,gomme traces it to the periodical village festivals at which marriages took place4 ,in some of these it was customary for the young people to go through the houses in procession4 ,,snail #aj to #fj players4 ,indoors2 out of doors4 ,this is a favorite game with very little children4 ,for large numbers each verse may be repeated as needed to complete the winding or unwinding of the line4 ,hand in hand you see us well ,creep like a snail into his shell1 ,ever nearer1 ever nearer1 ,ever closer1 ever closer1 ,very snug indeed you dwell1 ,snail1 within your tiny shell4 ,hand in hand you see us well ,creep like a snail out of his shell4 ,ever farther1 ever farther1 ,ever wider1 ever wider4 ,who'd have thought this tiny shell ,could have held us all so well4 ,illustration music3 ,,snail ,hand in hand you see us well ,creep like a snail into his shell1 ,ever nearer1 ever nearer1 ,ever closer1 ever closer1 ,very snug indeed you dwell1 ,snail1 within your tiny shell4 ,the players all stand in line holding hands2 while singing the first verse they wind up in a spiral1 following the leader1 who walks in a circle growing ever smaller until all are wound up1 still holding hands4 ,the leader then turns and unwinds1 until all are again in one long line4 ,this winding up is a very old traditional feature in games1 and is supposed to have originated in tree worship4 ,,balls ,,and ,,bean ,,bags ,illustration3 ,,balls #a4 ,medicine ball #b4 ,basket ball #c4 ,volley ball #d4 ,association and ,soccer football 7round7 #e4 ,intercollegiate and ,rugby football 7prolate spheroid7 #f4 ,gas ball #g4 ,playground ball #h4 ,baseball 7outdoor7 #i4 ,tennis ball #aj4 ,handball #aa4 ,handball 7official ,american1 leather covered7 #ab4 ,golf ball ,,balls ,,and ,,bean ,,bags ,,specifications ,,for ,,balls1 ,,bean ,,bags1 ,,marking ,,grounds1 ,,etc4 ,,balloons4--,gas balloons have been found very useful for quite a large class of games1 and are specially suitable for use in the schoolroom or parlor1 though they may also be used out of doors4 ,the balloons are the regular toy balloons used by children1 and are preferably ten or twelve inches in diameter when inflated1 though smaller ones may be used4 ,in games where two balloons are used it is desirable that they be of different colors1 to distinguish which belongs to each team4 ,when the gas in a balloon is exhausted1 if it be not convenient to refill the rubber bag with gas1 it may be filled with the breath1 and will be found still to float sufficiently in the air for purposes of the game1 though of course the gas-filled balloons with their tendency to rise are superior4 ,,baseball 7,see also ,indoor ,baseball74--,baseballs are hard and preferably leather covered4 ,the required ball for the ,national ,association of ,baseball ,leagues is not less than #e nor more than #e-a_/d ounces in weight1 and measures not less than #i nor more than #i-a_/d inches in circumference4 ,a slightly smaller ball is used in junior play2 that is1 for boys under sixteen4 ,the best construction of baseballs is that in which there is a rubber center wound with woolen yarn1 the outside covering being of white horsehide4 ,good balls cost from fifty cents to #a4ej each1 but baseballs may be had at five cents each4 ,,basket ,,ball4--,basket balls are comparatively large1 round1 laced balls2 that is1 they consist of a rubber bladder inserted in a leather case2 the bladder is inflated by means of a hand or foot pump2 after it is placed inside of the leather cover the opening in the cover is laced together4 ,the official ball prescribed by the ,amateur ,athletic ,union and the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association ,athletic ,league of ,north ,america calls for one that measures1 when inflated1 not less than #cj nor more than #cb inches in circumference2 the limit of variableness to be not more than #a_/d inch in three diameters2 the weight to be not less than #ah nor more than #bj ounces2 the ball when ready for use to be tightly inflated and so laced that it cannot be held by the lacing4 ,the best basket balls cost about #f each4 ,,bean ,,bags 7,see also ,oat ,sacks74--,bean bags are especially useful for tossing games with little children and for use in the schoolroom1 where a ball is not easily recovered if dropped2 but many bean-bag games are of great interest even to adult players and are suitable for almost any conditions1--playground1 parlor1 or gymnasium4 ,bean bags should be made of heavy1 closely woven material1 such as ticking1 awning1 duck1 or denim1 and should be from #f to #ab inches square when finished4 ,they are stitched around the outer edge 7except for a small length through which the beans are inserted74 ,the bag should then be turned and stitched a second time4 ,hand sewing is preferable1 as often better able to withstand the strain put upon it4 ,the bag is filled with dried beans or peas4 ,a bag #f inches square should contain #a_/b pound of these4 ,a larger bag may contain a few more1 but the half-pound weight is good for any sized bag4 ,for little children a #f or #h inch bag is very good4 ,it is desirable to have an equipment of bags made of two different colors1 half of the bags1 for instance1 being red and the other half blue2 or some of striped material and others of plain4 ,this aids in distinguishing the bags that belong to opposing teams or groups of players4 ,it is easy to improvise a substitute for bean bags under almost any conditions4 ,the writer has known some very good substitutes to be made by placing dried leaves in a square of cloth1 gathering up the corners and tying them with a string4 ,bean bags #g inches square may be purchased for about #b per dozen4 ,for adults1 especially for men1 the oat sacks make a very interesting implement for play1 the weight making them a good substitute for medicine balls4 7,see ,oat ,sacks47 ,,cricket ,,ball4--,this is the same as a hockey ball1 but red instead of white4 ,the official specifications 7,marylebone ,club7 are identical with those of the ,american baseball1 except for #a_/b ounce heavier weight4 ,they call for a ball weighing not less than #e-a_/b ounces1 nor more than #e-c_/d1 with circumference not less than #i inches nor more than #i-a_/d4 ,the construction and appearance differ from baseballs1 the cricket balls being of heavy rubber1 usually1 but not invariably1 covered with leather1 which is sometimes enameled4 ,the leather is put on in even hemispheres instead of in shaped pieces1 as for a baseball4 ,cost1 #a4ej to #b each4 ,,football4--,official footballs are laced balls2 that is1 they consist of a rubber bladder1 which is inflated and inserted in a leather casing which is then laced firmly to close the opening4 ,two shapes of balls--round1 and so-called oval--are official for different organizations4 ,the round ball is prescribed for the ,association games 7,american ,football ,association7 and for ,soccer1 the circumference of the ball to be not less than #bg inches1 nor more than #bh4 ,the prolate spheroid 7oval7 ball is prescribed by the ,intercollegiate and ,rugby ,associations of ,america1 diameters about #i-a_/d #f-a_/d in4 ,the cost of best quality balls of both shapes is #e1 and from that down to #a4 ,cheaper balls may be had 7to substitute for any laced leather balls7 made of sealed rubber1 or to be inflated like a water polo ball1 some incased in duck1 others without casing4 ,,gas ,,ball4--,a gas ball is a sealed rubber ball filled with gas and very light in weight1 generally used by little children4 ,these are extremely useful for the schoolroom1 where it is desirable to avoid damage from the hitting of objects by a hard ball1 and where it facilitates play to keep the ball in the air1 as it is difficult to locate balls that roll on the floor4 ,gas balls measure from #d to #f inches in diameter1 and cost from ten to forty cents each4 ,,golf ,,ball4--,golf balls are made of gutta percha1 painted white4 ,the interior construction varies4 ,the surface is made uneven with lines1 dots1 or dimples1 to give greater buoyancy to the strokes4 ,size1 about #a-e_/h inches in diameter4 ,cost1 from #b to #i per dozen4 ,,handball4--,the term handball is generally used to designate any ball that can be caught easily in one hand1 as distinguished from larger balls1 such as basket1 foot1 and volley balls4 ,technically1 the term handball applies to the balls used in the game of ,handball4 ,in selecting a ball for general games1 including ,handball ,drills as herein given1 it is desirable to have one slightly larger than for the official game and to get one with considerable resiliency2 that is1 a ball that will rebound from a hard floor to a height of about #c feet when dropped from a height of about #f feet4 ,a good ball for this purpose will measure about #b-a_/d inches in diameter and weigh #b-a_/b ounces4 ,they are of hollow rubber1 sealed4 ,such balls will cost about #e per dozen4 ,for children's play of course cheaper balls can be had4 ,official ,handballs used for the game of ,handball differ somewhat in ,america and ,ireland1 where this is the national game4 ,the ,american balls are made both of rubber and leather4 ,the specifications for the balls of the ,amateur ,athletic ,union of ,america call for a ball measuring #a-g_/h inches in diameter1 with a weight of #a-e_/h ounces4 ,the ,irish official handball is smaller and heavier than that of ,america and is generally made of rubber4 ,the official ball called for by the ,gaelic ,athletic ,association of ,ireland is hard1 covered with sheepskin or any other leather1 and is not less than #a-a_/b ounces nor more than #a-c_/d ounces in weight4 ,handballs suitable for the game of that name may be had of leather and rubber1 ranging in price from twenty-five cents to #a each4 ,,hockey ,,ball4--,field ,hockey is played with the same kind of ball as ,cricket1 but white instead of red4 ,this is usually but not invariably covered with white leather1 the latter sometimes enameled1 put on in even hemispheres instead of in shaped pieces like the covering of a baseball4 ,the dimensions are the same as for a baseball but the weight usually about #a_/b ounce greater4 ,field ,hockey balls measure #i inches in circumference and weigh #e-a_/b ounces4 ,the official rules of the ,american ,field ,hockey ,association specify merely an ordinary cricket ball painted white4 ,hockey balls cost from #a to #b4ge each2 practice balls of solid rubber1 fifty cents4 ,ice ,hockey is played with a puck1 solidly cylindrical in shape and smaller than the ring for ,ring ,hockey4 ,the official specifications for the ,american ,amateur ,hockey ,league require a puck of vulcanized rubber one inch thick throughout1 #c inches in diameter1 weight not less than #g-f_/af ounces nor more than #g-i_/af ounces4 ,these cost fifty cents2 practice pucks1 twenty-five cents4 ,ring ,hockey or ,indoor ,hockey is played indoors with a ring of flexible rubber1 #e inches in diameter1 with a #c-;inch hole through the center4 ,the official rules specify a weight of not less than #ab ounces nor more than #af ounces4 ,rings cost from #a to #a4be each4 ,,indoor ,,baseball4--,indoor baseballs are specially constructed for indoor play1 being much larger and more elastic than those for outdoor play4 ,this ball is generally composed of a core of packed leather strips1 around which is placed curled horsehair tied on with string4 ,the cover is of leather1 preferably horsehide1 somewhat softer in quality than that used on the outdoor baseball4 ,the dimensions of the ball vary from #ae to #ag inches in circumference1 or about #e inches in diameter4 ,the weight is from #h to #h-c_/d ounces4 ,the official ball specified by the ,national ,indoor ,baseball ,association of the ,united ,states is not less than #af-c_/d nor more than #ag-a_/d inches in circumference2 made of yielding substance2 not less than #h nor more than #h-c_/d ounces in weight2 and is required to be covered with white skin4 ,the color of the ball naturally assists in indoor play where lights vary4 ,most of these balls have red stitching on the seams1 which makes them even plainer to be seen4 ,good balls cost from eighty cents to #a4be each4 ,,la ,,crosse ,,ball4--,the official ball for the game of ,la ,crosse is made of sponge rubber1 sometimes leather covered 7white74 ,it is very slightly smaller in size than a baseball1 and about the same weight4 ,the ,intercollegiate ,la ,crosse ,association of the ,united ,states specifies a ball weighing about #e-c_/d ounces1 with circumference of #h inches4 ,the ,national ,amateur ,la ,crosse ,union of ,canada specifies a weight of from #d-a_/b to #e ounces1 and circumference of not less than #g-c_/d nor more than #h inches4 ,the best balls cost sixty-five cents each4 ,,medicine ,,ball4--,medicine balls are leather covered and of greater weight than any others used in the gymnasium4 ,these balls were devised to give exercise of a vigorous character1 particularly for the abdominal and other trunk muscles1 and afford some of the most hygienic exercise to be had in the gymnasium4 ,medicine balls vary considerably in size and weight4 ,the usual balls measure from #aj to #af inches in diameter1 and weigh from #d to #ab pounds4 ,they cost from #d4ej to #ae1 those with laced leather covers being more expensive than those with sewn covers4 ,,oat ,,sacks4--,oat sacks as here described were devised by ,dr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,clark and ,mr4 ,a4 ,m4 ,chesley1 to be used in place of medicine balls for adult players4 ,in addition they may be used for many bean-bag games4 ,oat sacks are made of heavy 7#aj oz47 duck4 ,they are circular in shape1 #ad inches in diameter when finished4 ,two circles of this size are stitched around the edge1 except for an opening where the oats are inserted4 ,the bag is then turned and stitched a second time4 ,they are then filled with four pounds of oats each4 ,,playground ,,ball4--,for the game of ,playground ,ball there is used a ball that in size is between a baseball and indoor baseball4 ,usually balls of from #ab to #ad inches in circumference 7of this type of construction7 are called playground balls1 and those from #ae to #ag inches1 indoor baseballs4 ,because of their size1 these balls cannot be batted as far as the usual baseball1 and this and their softer texture make them especially useful for limited areas4 ,this same type of soft ball may be had in the smaller size of the regulation baseball4 ,the construction is the same as for indoor baseballs--a wound ball covered with soft white leather1 the whole being firm1 but more elastic and yielding than a baseball4 ,the ,national ,amateur ,playground ,ball ,association of the ,united ,states specifies a ball not less than #ab inches nor more than #ad inches in circumference1 not less than #h ounces nor more than #h-c_/d ounces in weight1 made of yielding substance covered with a white skin4 ,good playground balls of any of the sizes here mentioned cost #a each4 ,,polo ,,balls4--,polo or ,roller ,polo 7on roller skates7 is played with a very hard rubber-covered ball1 painted bright red and about the size of a baseball--#i inches in circumference4 ,cost1 from ten cents to #a each4 ,equestrian ,polo is played with a wooden ball1 usually of willow1 having no other covering than white paint4 ,the ,polo ,association of ,america specifies such a ball #c-a_/h inches in diameter and not to exceed #e ounces in weight4 ,the ,english rules 7,hurlingham7 call for a slightly larger and heavier ball1 #c-a_/d inches in diameter and #e-a_/b ounces in weight--material not specified4 ,willow balls cost #b per dozen2 others1 #a4be per dozen4 ,water ,polo is played with a ball of white rubber1 inflated through a key afterward used to screw shut the opening4 ,the official ,american rules for ,water ,polo call for a white rubber ball of not less than #g nor more than #h inches in diameter4 ,cost1 #b each4 ,,pushball4--,the game of ,pushball is played with the largest ball ever constructed for any game4 ,the ball measures #f feet in diameter1 and consists of an inflated rubber bladder inserted in a leather cover4 ,cost1 #bjj each4 ,,rugby ,,ball4--,see ,football4 ,,soccer ,,ball4--,see ,football4 ,,squash ,,ball4--,for the game of ,squash1 a hollow rubber ball is used similar to a tennis ball1 and about the same size4 ,it measures #h inches in circumference1 and is covered with felt1 black1 red1 or white2 some have an overspun cover knitted on the ball in green or white4 ,cost1 #f per dozen4 ,enameled rubber squash balls in black or gray may be had at twenty cents each4 ,,tennis ,,ball4--,tennis balls are of rubber1 hollow1 and are covered with white felt4 ,the official specifications call for a ball measuring not less than #b-a_/b nor more than #b-i_/af inches in diameter1 of weight not less than #a-ae_/af nor more than #b ounces4 ,tennis balls cost about #d per dozen4 ,,volley ,,ball4--,volley balls are quite similar to basket balls1 but slightly smaller and lighter4 ,they are suitable for games in which the ball is batted with the open hand or fist and where it is to be kept continuously in the air1 such as the game of ,volley ,ball4 ,the ball consists of a rubber bladder inclosed in a laced leather cover of white4 ,the official specifications call for a ball not less than #be nor more than #bg inches in circumference1 of weight not less than #i ounces nor more than #ab ounces4 ,volley balls cost from #b4ej to #d each4 ,,marking ,,grounds ,where boundary lines are important in a game and need to be seen from a distance1 as in many ball games1 they should be plainly marked4 ,on a gymnasium floor black paint for permanent diagrams is the best4 ,for out of doors white linen tape may be had1 with wooden staples and pins for fastening to the ground1 costing from #c4ej to #f per set for a court the size of a tennis diagram4 ,a liquid mark may be made of whitewash1 and a dry mark by mixing two parts of sand with one of whiting4 ,marble dust or slaked lime also make good dry marks4 ,roller markers for placing either wet or dry marks in lines of even width may be had at from #a to #e each4 ,,bean ,,bag ,,and ,,oat ,,sack ,,games ,,bag ,,pile #aj to #ajj players4 ,gymnasium2 playground2 schoolroom4 ,bean bags2 oat sacks4 ,the players are divided into two or more equal parties which line up in ranks4 ,near the front end of each rank is a pile of from ten to fifteen bean bags or oat sacks1 which are to be passed down the line4 ,at a signal the first player in each rank takes a bag and passes it down the line1 sending the others in succession as rapidly as possible4 ,the last player in the line when he receives the bean bag lays it on the floor in front of him2 and as each bean bag reaches him1 he piles it on the first one1 making a stack4 ,only the first bag must touch the floor4 ,the stack must be able to stand without assistance1 and the player who stacks the bags must have no help in his task4 ,should the bags fall over at any time1 the player who stacked them must pick them up and pile them over again4 ,the line scores one which first succeeds in getting all of its bags stacked4 ,the last player1 the one who stacked the bags1 then carries them up to the front of the line and becomes the first passer for the next round of the game4 ,the line wins which first scores five or ten1 as may be decided beforehand4 ,the play should be very rapid4 ,,bean ,,bag ,,and ,,basket ,,relay #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,each player is provided with a bean bag4 ,a waste-paper basket or a box is placed on the floor near the blackboard in front of each aisle4 ,in line horizontally with the forward edge of each front desk1 a chalk line is drawn on the floor at the end of each aisle1 which serves as a throwing line1 from which players throw their bean bags into the baskets4 ,the game is a competition of skill rather than of speed4 ,at a signal from the teacher1 the first pupil in each row stands1 places his toe even with the throwing line1 and tosses his bean bag toward the basket4 ,if the bag goes into the basket1 it scores five4 ,should it lodge on the edge of the basket1 it scores three4 ,should it fall outside1 there is no score4 ,as soon as these first players have thrown they return to their seats and the second row across the room steps forward and throws4 ,this is continued until each player has thrown1 and the line wins which has the highest score4 ,there should be one score keeper for the entire game1 who should draw a diagram on the board in which to write the score4 ,,bean ,,bag ,,board 7,faba ,gaba7 #b to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,this game consists in throwing bean bags through holes in an inclined board4 ,the board should be preferably eighteen inches wide by three feet long4 ,near the lower end of it should be cut a square hole about the size of the bean bags4 ,higher up in the board a second hole about three inches larger should be cut4 ,the board should be slanted by resting it against a wall or fence1 or bracing one end of it in some other way1 so that it is at an angle of about forty-five degrees4 ,the players stand at a throwing line from ten to fifteen feet from the board4 ,each player has five bags--or five may be used for the entire group of players1 the bags being recovered for each thrower in turn4 ,a bag thrown into the larger hole counts five2 into the smaller hole ten4 ,the player wins who first scores one hundred4 ,where there are a large number of players1 it is desirable to have more than one board1 so that the players may be divided into several groups and make the game more rapid4 ,,bean ,,bag ,,box #b to #bj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,a small box measuring not less than six inches square should be fastened inside of one about twice the size and that in a third1 leaving at least six inches margin between the boxes4 ,this is set up on a slight incline with a stone or other object under its further end1 or tipped up against the wall4 ,from ten to twenty feet away from this a throwing line is drawn4 ,each player is provided with five bean bags and takes his place in turn on the throwing line1 throwing all five bags at each turn4 ,a bag thrown into the smallest box scores five points1 one into the middle box ten points1 and into the outside box fifteen points4 ,the player who first scores one hundred wins4 ,this is a very popular game1 and the paraphernalia for it may be easily improvised4 ,,bean ,,bag ,,circle ,,toss #aj to #cj or more players4 ,gymnasium2 playground2 schoolroom4 ,bean bags2 balls4 ,there should be a bean bag for each of the players except one4 ,all of the players form a circle1 separated from each other by a small space4 ,at a signal from a leader1 each player turns toward his right-hand neighbor and tosses his bean bag to him1 turning at once to receive the bag which is coming to him from the left4 ,the game should move rapidly1 but of course this is a matter of skill and may have to be acquired4 ,with very little children it may be advisable to first play the game with a fewer number of bean bags1 till they grow accustomed to tossing and turning quickly to catch4 ,balls may be used instead of bean bags if desired4 ,when the tossing has gone once or twice around the circle to the right1 the direction should be changed to the left4 ,it is well to have one of the bean bags of a different color from the others1 so as to know when the circle has been completed4 ,any player failing to catch a bag must pick it up and toss it regularly to his neighbor4 ,,bean ,,bag ,,ring ,,throw #aj to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 seashore2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,bean bags2 blocks of wood2 stones2 shells4 ,this game may be played with bean bags1 or when out of doors1 especially at the seashore1 with small blocks of wood1 stones or shells4 ,the players should be divided into groups of equal numbers1 which compete against each other4 ,a small ring should be drawn on the ground or floor measuring from twelve to eighteen inches in diameter1 one ring opposite each group of players1 who should be lined up in single file4 ,the leader of each row should toe a starting line drawn across the ground at from ten to fifteen feet from the row of circles4 ,each row should be provided with six bean bags or other objects for throwing1 as indicated above4 ,at a signal1 the leader of each row throws each of his bags in succession toward the circle1 and scores one point for each bag that lands within the circle4 ,any bag that touches the line does not count4 ,the player then takes up his bags and runs back to the rear of the line1 giving the bags as he passes to the front player of his row1 who should have moved up to the starting line4 ,these second players1 in turn1 all begin throwing on a signal4 ,the line wins which has the highest score when all have thrown4 ,it is advisable to have some one to act as scorer for all of the lines2 though it is practicable for the first player in each line to act as scorer for his line4 ,,in ,,the ,,schoolroom4--,when this game is played in the schoolroom a circle should be drawn on the floor near the front blackboard opposite each aisle2 across the end of each aisle1 and even with the front row of desks1 should be drawn a throwing line4 ,the game should start with the six bean bags on each front desk4 ,at a signal the front pupil in each row steps forward to the throwing line and throws the six bags in succession for his circle4 ,each bag that lands fully within the circle scores one point for him4 ,no score is made for a bag that touches a line4 ,he then steps to the blackboard in front of his aisle1 and writes down his score2 then gathers up the bags1 places them on the front desk1 and takes his seat4 ,when he is seated the player next behind him steps forward to the throwing line and repeats the play2 or1 if desired1 the next row of players across the room may wait for the teacher's signal for doing this1 as the game is played for a score and not on time limits4 ,the row wins which has the highest score when each of its players has thrown4 ,,catch ,,basket #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,bean bags2 gas ball4 ,the class stands in a circle around the room1 each half constituting a team with a leader at one end4 ,on a desk in the center of the room is placed a waste-paper basket4 ,the game consists in throwing a bean bag or a ball 7large1 light gas ball preferable7 into the basket1 the teams alternating their turns4 ,there is no interference1 but an umpire stands in the center who returns the ball to the next player after each throw4 ,the leaders throw first and each player in turn thereafter4 ,each time the ball lodges in the basket it scores one for the team throwing4 ,a bean bag lodged on the edge of the basket scores as a goal4 ,a player may throw but once at each turn4 ,the game may be limited by time1 the team winning which has the highest score at the end of ten or fifteen minutes2 or it may end when each player has had a turn4 ,the former method leads to quicker and more expert play1 which should be encouraged4 ,,criss-,,cross ,,goal #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,the class is divided into two teams4 ,each team is divided into two lines1 which stand facing each other1 as shown in the diagram4 ,a waste basket is placed on the teacher's desk or hung higher if possible in the front of the room4 ,each team has one bean bag4 ,player ,no4 #a holds the bean bag in each team4 ,at a signal each ,no4 #a tosses his bag to ,no4 #b1 ,no4 #b to ,no4 #c1 and so it continues to pass in a zigzag line till it reaches ,no4 #ad4 ,no4 #ad1 on receiving the bag1 tries to throw it into the basket4 ,if he misses1 he runs forward1 picks up the bag1 runs back to his place1 and tries again2 he continues trying until he or his opponent gets a bag in1 which event finishes the inning4 ,the team in which ,no4 #ad first receives the bag1 scores three points2 and the team making the goal first scores one2 so one team may score four1 or one three1 and the other one1 point4 ,the team wins which has the highest score at the end of the playing time4 ,illustration3 ,diagram3 ,,criss-,,cross ,,goal ,if the distance from the basket seems too long1 ,no4 #ad may come forward a given distance to a chalk line and throw from that4 ,in order to pass around the privilege of throwing goal1 the goal thrower in one game passes down to the other end of the line1 the line moves up one place1 and the next player in order throws for the goal in the next game4 ,when every one in one line has thrown for goal1 the privilege passes to the other line4 ,sometimes it is necessary to have umpires to watch for fouls1 such as skipping a player in passing the bag4 ,this game was originated by ,dr4 ,j4 ,anna ,norris and received honorable mention in a competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city in #aijf4 ,it is here published by kind permission of the author1 and of the ,girls' ,branch1 and of ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding ,brothers1 publishers of the handbook in which the game first appeared4 ,,desk ,,relay #bj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,bean bags4 ,the pupils sit on their desks facing the rear of the room and with the toes caught under the seats4 ,the rear player on each line holds a bean bag4 ,at a signal1 the bag is passed over the head backward to the next player1 who in turn passes it1 and so on until it reaches the player at the front1 who jumps down from the desk and hops on one foot to the rear of the room4 ,as soon as this player has reached the rear seat1 all the players in the line stand and move forward one desk4 ,the rear player takes the desk thus vacated and starts the bean bag again4 ,the line wins whose bean bag first reaches the front of the room after the pupils have all changed seats until original places are resumed4 ,the teacher should indicate which foot is to be used in hopping1 so that in successive playing of the game1 each pupil will hop alternately on the right and left foot4 ,this game was originated by ,mr4 ,james ,j4 ,jardine of ,new ,york ,city1 and received honorable mention in a competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city in #aijf4 ,it is here published by kind permission of the author1 and of the ,girls' ,branch1 and of ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding ,brothers1 publishers of the handbook in which the game first appeared4 ,,fetch ,,and ,,carry #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom2 playground4 ,bean bags4 ,each pupil is provided with a bean bag4 ,a circle about fifteen inches in diameter is drawn with chalk on the floor directly in front of each aisle and close up to the front blackboard4 ,at a signal from the teacher the first pupil in each row of seats runs forward1 places his bean bag in the circle in front of his aisle1 and runs back to his seat4 ,as soon as he is in his seat1 the pupil back of him runs forward1 places his bean bag in the circle1 and returns to his seat4 ,this is continued until every pupil in the row has deposited his bean bag1 the signal for each player to start being the seating of the player in front4 ,the row which gets all of its bags first into the circle wins1 and scores one4 ,illustration ,diagram3 ,,fetch ,,and ,,carry ,,relay ,the play is then reversed4 ,the last player in each row runs forward1 picks up a bean bag1 and returns to his seat4 ,as he sits1 he touches the player in front on the shoulder1 who then starts forward1 but must wait for this signal4 ,the row which first gets back to its seats1 each player with a bean bag1 wins and scores one4 ,as in all schoolroom games in which the players run through the aisles1 those who are seated must be very careful to keep their feet under their desks1 and never to start before the proper signal is given for their turn4 ,,hand ,,over ,,head ,,bean ,,bag #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,this is a relay passing race1 the different rows of pupils competing with each other in passing bean bags backward over the head4 ,the players should all be seated1 there being the same number in each row of seats4 ,on each front desk a bean bag should be laid4 ,at a signal the first player in each row lifts the bean bag over his head and drops it 7it should not be thrown7 toward the desk behind him1 immediately clasping his hands on his own desk4 ,the next player catches or picks up the bean bag from his desk and passes it backward in the same manner4 ,it is thus passed quickly to the rear of the line4 ,when the last pupil receives it1 he runs forward at once to the front of the line4 ,as soon as he reaches the front desk1 the entire row of players move backward one seat1 and the player who ran forward takes the front seat1 immediately passing the bag backward to the player next behind him4 ,the play thus continues until the original occupant of the front seat has again returned to it4 ,immediately that he is seated1 he should hold the bean bag up with outstretched arm1 as a signal that his row has finished4 ,the row wins whose leader first does this4 ,,jump ,,the ,,bean ,,bag #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,the class is divided into two equal divisions or teams4 ,the teams stand in opposite outside aisles and face the center of the room4 ,the game consists in a contest between the two divisions as to which shall finish first in the following relay1 here described for one team4 ,the leader at the head or front of the line1 having the bean bag in his hand1 runs down the first aisle toward the rear1 places the bean bag on the center seat of the row to his left 7second row from standing line71 vaults over the seat1 and runs up the next aisle to the front of the room and so to the head of his division4 ,he tags the player standing at the head of the line and passes behind the line to the rear1 taking his place at the foot4 ,the player who has been tagged at the head of the line immediately runs down the first aisle1 takes the bean bag from the seat1 vaults over the seat1 and passes down the next aisle to the rear of the room1 and so to the foot of his line4 ,he hands the bean bag to the player next to him1 who passes it to his neighbor1 and so it is passed up to the head of the line4 ,the player at the head of the line1 immediately upon receiving the bean bag1 runs down the first aisle1 places it on the seat1 vaults over the seat to the next aisle1 and so to the head of his line1 where he tags the player who has moved up to his place4 ,the game thus consists in an alternate placing and taking of the bag from the seat4 ,the player who places the bag returns to the head of the line to tag the player standing there1 and then passes behind the line to the foot2 the player taking the bean bag returns to the rear of his line and passes the bean bag up the line4 ,the division whose original leader first gets back to his starting place wins the game4 ,this game was originated by ,miss ,alice ,r4 ,young of ,brooklyn1 ,n4,y41 and received honorable mention in a competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city in #aijf4 ,it is here published by the kind permission of the author1 and of the ,girls' ,branch1 and of ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding ,brothers1 publishers of the handbook in which the game first appeared4 ,,passing ,,relays ,there are several forms of this game1 some of which are suited only to young children2 others may be full of sport and interest for adults4 ,the games may be adapted to comparatively small numbers or very large numbers4 ,several passing races will be found among the ball games4 ,for bean bags1 see3-- ,bag ,pile4 ,passing ,race4 ,pass and ,toss ,relay 7single line74 ,pass and ,toss ,relay 7double line74 ,,passing ,,race #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,bean bags2 dumb-bells4 ,the players stand in ranks1 and bags are passed from one to another player down each line1 starting on a signal for the first bag4 ,each rank should have about ten bags4 ,the line wins which finishes first2 that is1 passes all of its bags to the end of the line4 ,the game may be varied by having each player pass the bags from one hand to the other before handing it to his neighbor1 or by raising the bags overhead1 or touching them to the floor1 first with one hand1 then with the other1 before passing4 ,this makes an especially interesting game when dumb-bells are used instead of bean bags1 as they are harder to pass4 ,,pass ,,and ,,toss ,,relay 7,,single ,,line7 #af to #fj players4 ,gymnasium2 playground2 schoolroom4 ,bean bags2 oat sacks4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,pass ,,and ,,toss ,,relay 7,single ,line7 ,the players stand in two or more even ranks1 facing sideways4 ,the players at either end step one long pace forward of the ranks1 to the points marked #a and #aj respectively1 as they are to catch the bag tossed from some other player4 ,player ,number ,one has a bag and at the signal for starting runs toward the rear1 and as he runs tosses the bag to ,number ,ten4 ,the line immediately moves forward one place1 ,number ,two stepping into the place vacated by ,number ,one4 ,as soon as ,number ,ten has caught the bag1 he takes his place in line with the rank and passes the bag to his next neighbor1 ,number ,nine4 ,the bag is then passed rapidly up the line until it is received by ,number ,three1 who tosses it to ,number ,two4 ,number ,two1 in his turn1 as soon as he receives the bag1 dashes for the rear1 tossing the bag as he goes to the player standing at #aj1 who in this instance will be ,number ,one4 ,the line again moves up1 ,number ,three now stepping out to the place marked #a4 ,this play is continued until ,number ,one is back in his original position4 ,the rank which first gets the bag around to ,number ,one after he returns to his original position wins the game4 ,number ,one should hold the bag up at arm's length as soon as he gets it as a signal that his rank has completed its play4 ,as this feature adds much to the facility with which an umpire may judge of the winning rank1 it may well be a required part of the play1 the rank winning whose ,number ,one is first to raise aloft his bag4 ,it adds much to the interest of the game to have a general umpire and scorekeeper who shall decide which is the winning line1 and post the score where the players may see it4 ,,pass ,,and ,,toss ,,relay 7,,double ,,line7 #af to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,bean bags2 oat sacks4 ,the players are divided into two equal groups which compete against each other4 ,each group is divided into two lines or ranks which stand facing each other4 ,there should be from ten to twenty feet of space between the two ranks4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,pass ,,and ,,toss ,,relay 7,double ,line7 ,the game consists of passing a bean bag up one of these lines to the end1 when the last player runs across to the opposite line1 tossing the bag as he goes to the end man in that line1 who catches it and passes it down the line4 ,the same play is performed at the other end1 the last player running across to the opposite line1 tossing the bag as he goes to the last player there4 ,the lines move up or down one place each time a player runs across to the opposite rank4 ,the game in detail will be as follows3-- ,number ,one has a bag1 and at a signal passes it down the line to ,number ,eight1 who runs across toward ,number ,nine1 tossing the bag to ,number ,nine as he does so4 ,it must be tossed before he has gone halfway across the space between4 ,number ,nine immediately passes the bag to ,number ,ten1 and so on up the line to the last player1 ,number ,sixteen4 ,the moment that he receives the bag1 he runs across toward ,number ,one in the opposite rank1 making a running toss as he does so4 ,at the same time the entire line from ,nine to ,fifteen moves up one place to make room for ,number ,eight1 who should take his place at the foot of the line next to ,number ,nine4 ,as soon as ,number ,one receives the bag1 he passes it down the line to his neighbor1 ,number ,two1 and so on till it reaches the end of the line1 which at the same time should be moving down one place to make room for ,number ,sixteen1 who should take his place at the head of the line next beyond ,number ,one4 ,this play is repeated until ,number ,one reaches his original position again1 and the bag is passed to him there4 ,immediately on receiving it1 he should lift it high1 as a signal that the play is completed in his group4 ,the group wins whose first player is first to do this4 ,the game may be made a little more definite by ,number ,one having some distinguishing mark1 as a handkerchief1 tied on his arm4 ,when players have some proficiency in the game1 as prescribed1 they may play with two bags instead of one1 keeping both in play at once4 ,in this form of the game the diagonal opposites start each a bag at the same time1 that is1 ,number ,one and ,number ,nine4 ,the game becomes thus just twice as rapid4 ,the team wins whose ,numbers ,one and ,nine first succeed in both returning to their original positions1 where they should hold the bags aloft4 ,a score should be kept1 each team scoring two points for winning a game and one point for every time that its opponents' bags touch the floor1 either through poor throwing or bad catching4 ,the writer is indebted to ,mr4 ,chesley's ,indoor and ,outdoor ,gymnastic ,games for several points of description or of play for this game4 ,mr4 ,chesley has found it a very interesting gymnasium game1 with possibilities for much sport and skill4 ,,target ,,toss #aj to #fj players4 ,playground2 seashore2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,bean bags2 stones2 shells4 ,three concentric circles should be drawn on the ground or floor1 after the idea of a target4 ,their size will depend somewhat on the skill of the players1 but for the youngest players the inner circle should be not more than two feet in diameter and the outer circle six feet in diameter4 ,for those more skilled1 smaller circles may be used4 ,from ten to thirty feet from the outer rim of the largest circle a straight line is drawn on the ground1 to serve as a throwing line4 ,where there is a small number of players1 all may use one target4 ,where there is a large number1 several targets should be drawn and the players divided into as many groups4 ,each group has three bean bags1 or if out of doors1 small blocks of wood1 stones1 or shells may be used4 ,each player throws in turn1 throwing each of the three bags or other objects at each turn4 ,the thrower stands with his toe on the throwing line and tosses a bag toward the target4 ,if the bag stops within the center circle1 it scores fifteen points2 if between the center circle and the next larger one1 it scores ten points2 and if between the middle circle and the largest or outer one1 it scores five points4 ,for very little children a bag that lands on a line may score for the larger circle which it touches4 ,for more expert players1 a bag landing on a line does not score at all4 ,the player wins who has the highest score in five rounds of the game4 ,,teacher ,,and ,,class #e to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 class room4 ,bean bags2 balls4 ,this game may be played with either bean bags or balls1 and is one of the simplest and earliest tossing games1 being generally used when pupils are first acquiring skill in handling a ball4 ,with very rapid play and greater distance between the teacher and the class1 it may become very interesting1 however1 for older players4 ,one player is chosen for the teacher4 ,the others stand in a line side by side1 facing her1 at an interval of from five to twenty feet4 ,where there are many players1 there should be several groups of this kind1 with a distinct interval between groups to avoid mistakes or confusion4 ,it is desirable to have from six to ten players for each teacher4 ,the teacher starts the game by tossing the ball to each pupil in turn1 and it is immediately tossed back to her4 ,each pupil missing goes to the foot of the line4 ,if the teacher misses1 the player at the head of the line takes her place1 the teacher going to the foot4 ,the action should be as rapid as possible4 ,,vaulting ,,relay #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,bean ,bags4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,vaulting ,,relay ,the players stand in line in the aisles between the desks1 all facing to the right or left 7facing open windows preferred74 ,the first player at the front of each line will hold a bean bag in his right hand1 if facing left1 or in his left hand1 if facing right4 ,at the command ,start6 the bean bag must be passed toward the rear to each player1 in turn1 until the player at the end of the line receives it4 ,each player1 after passing the bean bag1 must place one hand on his desk and the other on the back of his chair1 jump over his chair1 turn1 jump back again1 and take his position in the aisle by the next seat1 moving back one seat toward the rear of the line each time the bean bag has been passed1 and so on until he returns to his place in line4 ,the player receiving the bean bag at the end of the line must run to the head of the line1 as shown in the diagram1 and pass the bag to the next player4 ,this continues until each player returns to his place in line4 ,the line wins whose original leader first gets back to his own place4 ,this game was originated by ,mr4 ,james ,j4 ,jardine1 of ,new ,york ,city1 and received honorable mention in a competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city in #aijf4 ,it is here published by the kind permission of the author1 and of the ,girls' ,branch1 and of ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding ,brothers1 publishers of the handbook in which the game first appeared4 ,,ball ,,games ,,suitable ,,for ,,bean ,,bags ,all run ,arch ,ball ,ball ,chase ,ball ,puss ,ball ,tag ,call ,ball ,center ,catch ,ball ,circle ,ball ,club ,bowls ,center ,club ,bowls ,circle ,club ,bowls ,line ,club ,bowls 7,single7 ,line ,club ,bowls 7,double7 ,corner ,spry ,dead ,ball ,dodge ,ball ,home ,run ,line ,ball ,over and ,under ,relay ,overtake ,pig in a ,hole ,ring ,call ,ball ,roley ,poley ,round ,ball ,russian ,hole ,ball ,schoolroom ,dodge ,ball ,spud ,stride ,ball ,toss ,ball ,tree ,ball ,zigzag ,games ,circle ,zigzag ,line ,zigzag ,i1 ,,ii1 ,,iii ,zigzag ,overhead ,toss ,,ball ,,games ,,ball ,,games ,,all ,,run #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,hand ball2 bean bag4 ,this game is played with a hand ball or basket ball and is a gymnasium adaptation of the wall ball game known as ,burley ,whush or ,ball ,stand4 ,a square is drawn on the ground or floor4 ,all of the players gather within this1 including one who holds the ball4 ,the ball man throws the ball in the air1 whereupon all of the other players run in any direction as far as they can4 ,the thrower remains on his place1 catches the ball1 and as he does so cries ,hold6 ,upon hearing this1 all of the others must instantly stop running4 ,the thrower then aims his ball at one of these other players1 and if he succeeds in hitting him1 the player hit must change places with the thrower4 ,should he miss1 all of the players return to the square and the same thrower takes another trial4 ,should he miss hitting a player a second time1 he must be court-martialed1 i4e4 stand twenty feet from the square with his back turned to the players congregated there1 who pelt him with their balls1 each one having one throw4 ,,arch ,,ball #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,basket ball2 bean bag2 oat sack2 any substitute4 ,this game is very similar to ,pass ,ball1 but is here described under another name1 as it differs from ,pass ,ball in 7#a7 not having the run to a goal line2 7#b7 admitting of variations1 as in the passing of several articles2 7#c7 being comparatively informal without the scoring of fouls and other strict observance of rules that class ,pass ,ball with athletic events4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,arch ,,ball ,the players line up in two or more single files1 which compete with each other1 and must therefore contain an equal number of players4 ,the captain or leader of each file toes a line drawn across the ground and holds a basket ball 7a bean bag or other object may be used74 ,at a given signal he passes the ball backward over his head to the player next behind1 who in turn passes it backward as rapidly as possible1 and so on until it reaches the last player in the line4 ,he at once runs forward1 carrying the ball to the front of the line1 which moves backward one place to make room for him4 ,he toes the line and passes the ball backward over his head4 ,the play continues until the captain reaches the end of the line1 and runs forward with the ball to his original place at the head of the file4 ,as he takes his place there1 he holds the ball aloft as a signal that he has finished4 ,the file wins whose captain is the first to return to his place4 ,the game may be made very enlivening by passing several articles in rapid succession1 each of a different and contrasting character1 such as a basket ball1 tennis ball1 ,indian club1 heavy medicine ball1 bean bag1 light dumb-bell1 three-or five-pound iron dumb-bell1 etc4 ,in this form of the game the last player must accumulate all of the articles before running forward with them1 or the score may be made on the arrival of the last article at the rear of the line4 ,,for ,,the ,,schoolroom4--,see also ,hand over head bean bag1 in which the entire class plays at once4 ,the players raise their seats where this is possible1 and stand between the desk and the seat4 ,where the seats cannot be raised1 the players may sit in the seats or on the desks4 ,an even number of players should be in each line1 and only alternate lines play simultaneously1 so as to leave clear the necessary aisle space for running4 ,those at the front of the lines should hold a ball or any substitute for passing backward over the head1 such as a bean bag1 eraser1 foot rule1 or book4 ,at a given signal the object is passed backward over the head to the next player in the rear1 who in turn passes it backward1 and so on down the line until the last player receives it4 ,he runs forward on the right-hand side of his desk to the first seat4 ,at the same time the other players in his row step into the aisle at the left of the desks and move backward one place4 ,the line wins whose original leader first gets back to the front4 ,as in all games in the schoolroom in which part of the players are seated while others run1 care should be taken that there are no feet in the aisle over which the runners might trip4 ,,arch ,,goal ,,ball #aj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,the players are divided into groups1 and line up in single file in two or more lines facing a basket ball goal or any substitute4 ,each line has a basket ball4 ,at a signal each leader passes the ball backward overhead1 the next player catches it and passes it in the same way1 and so on to the end of the line4 ,when the last player receives the ball1 he runs forward and tries to throw it into the basket1 standing on a line marked from five to ten feet from the goal4 ,he is allowed but one throw1 when he quickly takes his place at the front of his line 7which moves backward one place to make room for him71 and at once passes the ball backward overhead4 ,the last player1 in turn1 runs forward1 throws for goal1 etc4 ,this is repeated until each player in a line has thrown for the goal4 ,each goal made scores two points for the team4 ,the team wins which has the highest score when all of the players have thrown4 ,this may also be played on time4 ,then each player throws until he succeeds in getting the ball into the basket4 ,the team wins whose last man finishes first4 ,,ball ,,chase #d to #bj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,hand ball or substitute4 ,a row of caps is set against a wall or fence1 or a series of holes dug in the ground4 ,at a point ten or twenty feet from these all of the players stand1 and one selected as thrower throws a ball into one of the caps or holes4 ,any substitute may be used for a ball1 such as a small block of wood or a stone4 ,should he miss1 he repeats the throw until he succeeds4 ,as soon as a ball lands in a cap1 the owner of the cap runs away1 and all of the others chase him until caught4 ,it will be seen that this game may best be played where there is opportunity for considerable dodging around and behind obstacles4 ,the player being chased is exempt if he can get back to his own cap before being caught by the others4 ,if caught1 however1 he becomes thrower for the next round2 otherwise the first thrower continues in that position4 ,in a gymnasium a series of circles may be drawn on the floor in place of the holes or caps1 and a bean bag tossed into them4 ,,ball ,,drill 7,see ,hand ,ball ,drill and ,wall ,ball ,drill47 ,,balloon ,,ball #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,inflated balloon4 ,there are two goals1 each consisting of a string stretched on opposite sides of the room from front to rear1 at a height of six feet4 ,there may be any number of players1 who are divided into two teams4 ,the teams are seated in alternate rows4 ,the ,a's represent the players on one team1 the ,b's the players on the opposing team4 ,the balloon is thrown in the air in the center by the teacher1 and the players of both teams strike it with open hand4 ,object4--,the players of team ,a try to bat the balloon over goal ,a2 the players of team ,b try to send it over goal ,b4 ,fouls4--,fouls are called for the following3-- ,standing more than half erect4 ,leaving seat entirely4 ,raising desk 7if movable74 ,striking ball with clinched hand4 ,score4--,each goal made counts two points4 ,one point is also awarded to the opposing team for each foul4 ,this game may be varied by having a goal keeper for each team whose duty shall be to prevent the balloon from crossing his or her goal line4 ,this goal keeper should stand1 and should have a free use of the aisle in front of the goal4 ,this game was originated by ,mr4 ,henry ,j4 ,silverman of ,new ,york ,city1 and submitted in a competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city in #aijf4 ,this game was one that received honorable mention1 and is here published by the kind permission of the author1 and of the ,girls' ,branch1 and of ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding ,brothers1 who published the handbook in which the game first appeared4 ,,balloon ,,goal #aj to #ajj players4 ,schoolroom2 parlor2 gymnasium4 ,inflated balloon4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,balloon ,,goal ,the game is played with two toy balloons1 preferably twelve inches in diameter1 one red and one blue1 which are struck with the open hand only4 ,when the gas of the balloon is exhausted1 the rubber bag may be refilled with the breath1 when it will be found still to float sufficiently in the air for the purposes of the game4 ,the class is divided into two teams1 preferably designated by colors corresponding to the balls1 worn on the arm or otherwise4 ,the teams are assigned by rows across the room from side to side1 the first row of pupils belonging to the red team1 the second to the blue1 the third to the red1 etc4 ,four goals are formed by stretching a tape diagonally across each of the four corners of the room about five feet from the floor1 the goals in the diagonally opposite corners having the same colors1 two of red and two of blue4 ,the game consists in hitting the balloon with the open hand so that it will float down behind a goal tape1 the red balloon scoring when it enters the red goals1 and the blue balloon when it enters the blue goals4 ,there are no goal guards1 but it is the object of all players belonging to the red team to get the red balloon into the red goals1 and of the blue team to keep it out4 ,similarly1 the object of the blue team is to get the blue balloon into the blue goals and of the red team to keep it out4 ,the game starts by the teacher putting the balloons in play by tossing them up in the center of the room1 when each side immediately begins to play for them4 ,it has been found that with two balloons and four goals1 and the interference offered by fixed seats and desks1 it is unnecessary to limit the players to any given area4 ,this1 however1 may be done should play become rough4 ,a score keeper scores one for each team making a goal with its balloon1 but the game continues without interruption1 the balloon being at once put in play again by the teacher4 ,a fifteen-minute game should be divided into at least three periods1 the teacher signaling for a rest at the end of each five minutes4 ,this game is admirable for the parlor1 and may also be played in the gymnasium or playground4 ,this game was originated by ,mr4 ,max ,liebgold of ,new ,york ,city1 and received the prize offered by ,mrs4 ,henry ,siegel in the competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city in #aijf4 ,the game is here published by the kind permission of the author1 and of the ,girls' ,branch1 and of ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding ,brothers1 who publish the handbook in which the game first appeared4 ,,ball ,,puss #c to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,gas ball2 basket ball2 hand ball2 bean bag4 ,this is a form of ball tag4 ,in it each player chooses a home or corner1 as in ,puss in the ,corner1 or ,home ,tag4 ,when played out of doors1 trees may be used for this purpose2 in a gymnasium1 pillars or different pieces of apparatus2 in the schoolroom1 the corners of the room1 the front and rear corner desks1 the teacher's desk1 the radiator1 or any other objective points4 ,the players who are so stationed beckon to each other to exchange places1 and as they run from one place to another the one who is ,it tries to hit them with the ball4 ,any one so hit changes places with the one who is ,it4 ,as in all ball-tag games1 either a ball or bean bag may be used4 ,if played in the schoolroom1 a light gas ball should be used2 elsewhere1 anything from a light-weight hand ball to a basket ball would be suitable4 ,hard balls should be avoided4 ,where there are many playing1 it is advisable to have two or three who take the part of thrower or ,puss 7,it71 in which case there will be two or three balls or bean bags in play at the same time1 and the game is made more rapid4 ,,ball ,,stand 7,burley ,whush7 #e to #bj players4 ,out of doors2 gymnasium4 ,hand ball2 tennis ball4 ,this game is started by tossing a ball against a wall or on the roof of a house from which it may roll back4 ,the players all stand in a group or row1 from ten to twenty feet from the wall4 ,one of the number is chosen as thrower and tosses the ball as indicated1 at the same moment calling the name of one of the other players4 ,this player must dash forward and catch the ball before it strikes the ground1 while at the same moment all of the other players run as far away as possible4 ,should the one called succeed in catching the ball1 the players come back and the thrower throws again1 calling the name of some other player4 ,should the one whose name is called fail1 however1 to catch the ball1 he calls out ,stand6 upon which the others must stop in their flight4 ,the ball man then picks up the ball1 and from where he stands throws it in his turn at one of the players4 ,any player so hit calls out ,hit6 and becomes at once the ball man4 ,the other players immediately run again without returning to the wall1 but stop as soon as the one hit calls ,stand6 which he must do upon picking up the ball4 ,this is continued until the ball fails to hit one of the players1 when all return to the original starting place1 where the last thrower of the ball throws it against the wall and the game begins again4 ,the players in their flight1 the object of which of course is to diminish the chances of being hit by the ball1 may run behind any obstacle1 such as a bush or around the corner of a house1 but in any such case must extend a hand so it shall be visible beyond this obstacle1 that the ball man may still have an opportunity to hit them4 ,,ball ,,tag #c to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,gas ball2 bean bag2 basket ball2 hand ball4 ,there are several forms of ball tag1 each quite distinctive1 and all interesting and making good games4 ,a soft ball or bean bag should be used in all of these games1 or with older players a basket ball or other large1 comparatively light-weight ball4 ,the players scatter promiscuously4 ,one player1 who is ,it1 tries to hit one of the other players with a ball or bean bag4 ,any player thus hit becomes ,it and must try to tag others in the same way4 ,when a player fails to hit one for whom he aims1 the thrower must pick up his own ball or bag1 except in the schoolroom1 where the seats and desks interfere with this4 ,there any adjacent player may pick up the ball and throw it back to the one who is ,it4 ,players may dodge in any way1 as by stooping1 jumping1 or the usual sideways movements4 ,where there are many playing1 it is advisable to have two or three who take the part of thrower or ,it1 in which case there will be two or three balls or bean bags in play at the same time1 and the game is much more rapid4 ,if played in the schoolroom1 a light gas ball or bean bag should be used4 ,elsewhere1 anything from a light-weight hand ball to a basket ball would be suitable4 ,hard balls should be avoided4 ,,basket ,,ball ,,distance ,,throw #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,this is an interesting and simple athletic event1 as well as a good game4 ,it is especially useful for players drilling on the handling of the basket ball or shotput1 and is a good substitute for shotput for girls4 ,a full circle six feet in diameter is drawn on the ground4 ,a heavy line is drawn across its center1 which serves as a throwing line4 ,the player stands in the circle and throws the basket ball from this throwing line toward other lines drawn in the throwing space as specified below1 the ball scoring according to its landing in relation to these other lines4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,basket ,,ball ,,distance ,,throw ,the lines drawn across the throwing space must be parallel with the throwing line in the circle4 ,for players below the seventh year of the elementary school course 7below twelve years of age7 these three lines should be respectively twelve1 eighteen1 and twenty-seven feet from the forward edge of the circle4 ,for players from the seventh and eighth year of the school course 7that is1 thirteen and fourteen years of age7 these three lines should be respectively fifteen1 twenty-one1 and thirty-one feet from the forward edge of the circle4 ,these measurements are for girls4 ,for boys the longer distance given between lines will be found generally advisable1 and they may even be increased4 ,the players are divided into competing teams1 the players of each team throwing in rapid succession4 ,each player has but one turn1 unless the ball should strike some obstacle before touching the ground1 when another trial is allowed4 ,a thrower must at the start stand in the circle and toe the throwing line1 drawn across the center of the circle2 in completing the throw he must not fall or step forward over the outer line of the circle in front of him4 ,if at any part of the throw1 from its start to finish1 the thrower be out of the circle1 it is considered a foul and does not score1 the number of players in the team being counted as one less when the total or average is figured4 ,the best form for throwing is that described for ,battle ,ball4 ,for each throw to the first line 7the twelve or fifteen foot line7 or any point between it and the next line1 a team scores one point4 ,for each throw to the second line 7the eighteen or twenty-one foot line71 or between it and the next line1 a team scores three points4 ,for each throw to or beyond the third line 7the twenty-seven or thirty-one foot line7 a team scores five points4 ,the team averaging or adding the largest score wins first place in the event4 ,if the number of players be not even1 the score is decided by an average instead of by adding4 ,where several groups or teams are competing1 if there be a judge for each team and floor space for more than one diagram1 two or more teams should throw at once4 ,,battle ,,ball #f to #ab players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball2 ,indian clubs4 ,this is one of the best and most interesting of the simpler team games4 ,briefly stated1 it consists in trying to dislodge ,indian clubs or tenpins placed at the rear of the enemies' territory4 ,players should be trained to coperate and to understand the importance of each doing well his particular part4 ,playing into the hands of each other when necessary1 as in passing the ball to good throwers1 is one of the most important features of team work4 ,,ground4--,a ground measuring about fifty feet long by twenty-five wide should be divided into two equal parts by a line across the center4 ,the rear boundary of each half is the goal or club line on which the ,indian clubs are placed4 ,above these club lines a cord or rope is stretched seven feet from the ground4 ,this cord may be fastened to posts on either side of the ground1 or jump standards may be used to support it4 ,if desired1 back stops may be placed across the ground at a distance of five feet beyond the club line and extending beyond the boundaries of the court on either side4 ,indian clubs or tenpins weighing two or three pounds are placed on the club line1 there being one pair for each club guard4 ,one pair of these clubs should be placed in the center of the line and one at each end of it three feet from the posts that hold the cord4 ,the clubs of each pair should be separated by a distance of eighteen inches4 ,,teams ,,and ,,officials4--,the teams consist of from three to six players on each side1 though five on a side is the most desirable number4 ,the description of this game and the diagram assume five players to a team4 ,each team chooses a captain1 who settles disputes 7unless other officers be appointed for this purpose1 as hereinafter stated71 and who assigns places for the other players as he sees fit4 ,he himself occupies any place he desires4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,battle ,,ball ,each team is divided into club guards and forwards4 ,for five players there should be three club guards1 each standing before a pair of clubs1 and two forwards or throwers1 who stand near the dividing line4 ,in the placing of players it is desirable to place the best catchers as club guards and the best throwers as forwards4 ,in addition to the team players1 it is desirable to have a referee1 two judges1 and one or two scorers1 though all these offices may be filled by the same person4 ,the referee should keep time1 should start the game1 should announce scores and settle disputes4 ,the judges1 one for each side1 should watch for fouls and report points made by their respective sides to their scorers4 ,,objects4--,the objects of the game are 7#a7 to knock over the opponents' clubs with the ball2 7#b7 to make a goal by passing the ball beyond the opponents' club line under the string but not hitting the clubs4 ,,start4--,the sides toss up for the ball or choose by drawing cuts 7see chapter on ,counting out and ,choosing ,sides47 ,whenever a ball goes out of bounds it should be returned to the captain of the opposite 7catching7 side by a player designated for the purpose4 ,,points ,,of ,,play4--,successful play will come both from throwing and bowling the ball4 ,the best way to throw or bowl the ball is from the extended right arm1 the ball being held on the wrist by bending the wrist upward and turning the hand inward over the ball4 ,the right foot should be in the rear and at the start the trunk twisted toward the right4 ,as the ball is thrown1 the weight of the body should be changed to the forward leg and the body swung forward nearly half around from the waist toward the left4 ,the best way to stop the ball is usually by blocking it with both arms2 but it may be blocked with the legs or the body4 ,the ball may be tossed from player to player on the same side1 either to get it into the hands of the best thrower or to mislead the opponents as to when it will be aimed at their clubs4 ,players may move about on their own side1 but overstepping the boundary lines is a foul4 ,club guards should not get far away from their line of duty4 ,the ball should be aimed at the clubs or at open spaces between players1 not at the players themselves4 ,,fouls4--,it is a foul for a ball to pass above the cord drawn over the opponents' club line4 ,such a foul scores one for the defensive side4 ,it is a foul for a thrower to step over the center line4 ,for this the opponents score two points4 ,it is a foul for a club to be overturned by a player on his own side4 ,each club so overturned scores five points for the opponents4 ,,score4--,overturning an opponent's club with the ball scores five points4 ,passing the ball beyond the opponents' club line below the cord but without hitting the clubs scores three points4 ,a ball passing between a pair of clubs scores ten4 ,a ball passing between the legs of an opposing player scores ten4 ,no score is made on a ball caught by the opponents4 ,fouls score as stated above4 ,the game is played in ten or fifteen minute halves1 with five minutes' intermission1 the team winning which has the highest score at the end of the second half4 ,it adds greatly to the interest of the game to post the score in sight of the players1 on a blackboard1 large paper1 or other bulletin4 ,this game was originated by ,dr4 ,dudley ,a4 ,sargent4 ,,bombardment #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball2 ,indian clubs4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,bombardment ,this game resembles ,battle ,ball in that it consists in trying to overturn ,indian clubs or tenpins set up in the opponents' court4 ,the game differs from ,battle ,ball1 however1 in being feasible for a much larger number of players1 and in being very much simpler in its form1 not having the closer team organization or such a variety in points of scoring as ,battle ,ball4 ,it may be made one of the liveliest and most interesting games for large numbers of players4 ,,ground4--,the ground is divided into two equal fields by a line across the center4 ,at the rear of each ground a row of ,indian clubs or tenpins is set up1 there being the same number of pins as players4 ,should the number of pins be so great as to require their being closer than two feet apart1 a second row should be placed in front of the first1 in such a way that each club stands opposite a space in the preceding row of clubs4 ,,players4--,the players are divided into two teams numbering anywhere from five to fifty each4 ,the players stand between their clubs and the dividing line in any scattered formation4 ,with a large number of players several balls should be put in play4 ,,object ,,and ,,points ,,of ,,play4--,the object of the game is to knock down the opponents' clubs4 ,each player will therefore serve both as a guard to protect his clubs1 and as a thrower4 ,he may throw whenever he can secure a ball1 there being no order in which players should throw4 ,balls may be made to displace the opponents' clubs by being thrown against the wall behind the clubs1 so that they will rebound or carrom1 knocking the clubs down from the rear4 ,no player may step across the center line4 ,the game is especially interesting when several balls are in play at once4 ,,score4--,each club overturned scores one point for the side which knocked it down4 ,every club overturned by a player on his own side scores one for the opponents4 ,the game is played in time limits of from ten to twenty minutes1 the side winning which has the highest score at the end of that time4 ,,boundary ,,ball #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,,ground4--,the ground should measure about twenty feet in width by forty in length1 and should be divided in half by a line1 marked across it4 ,,players4--,the players1 numbering anywhere from ten to one hundred1 are divided into two equal parties4 ,each party lines up on one side of the dividing line and about ten feet from it4 ,,object ,,of ,,the ,,game4--,the object of the game is to throw the ball over the opponents' rear boundary line1 a party succeeding in doing this scoring a point4 ,as each party lines up at the start ten feet from the center dividing line1 it is possible for each to intercept the ball at the point of its line-up4 ,any players from the line1 however1 may run back of this line-up to prevent the ball from going over the rear boundary1 and the point at which the ball is stopped by any such player indicates the point at which the party must line up for the next play4 ,it therefore becomes a secondary object of the game to force one's adversaries back until they have reached their rear boundary line1 where their chances for intercepting the ball are less than in a forward position1 as their movements are more restricted4 ,for instance1 party ,a throws the ball at party ,b's boundary4 ,the latter1 by running backward several paces1 succeeds in intercepting the ball at a distance of say five feet beyond its first line-up4 ,the entire party then takes its stand on this new line and throws the ball at its opponents' boundary1 trying to force them back in similar manner as far as possible to catch the ball4 ,,start4--,the parties toss up for which side shall first have the ball4 ,the ball is then given to the center player in the line1 who makes the first throw4 ,after this first throw the ball may be put in play by any player in a line4 ,,rules ,,and ,,points ,,of ,,play4--,players may run forward of their first or succeeding line-up to catch the ball1 but the line-up never comes forward of its first position4 ,after a line has been forced backward1 however1 if the ball be caught anywhere between the last line-up and the first1 the line moves forward to the new point4 ,should a ball roll on the ground1 the point at which it stops rolling1 or is stopped by the players trying to catch it1 indicates the line at which they must take their stand4 ,no ball scores a point1 however1 which rolls beyond the rear boundary line4 ,when a party has been forced back to its rear boundary line1 it must stand on that line thereafter1 unless it should succeed in stopping the ball forward of that line1 when it may move forward to the new position4 ,no player may step over the boundary line4 ,,score4--,one point is scored by the throwing party every time a ball is thrown beyond the opponents' rear boundary line4 ,five points constitute a game4 ,,bound ,,ball #aj to #cj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,tennis ball2 hand ball4 ,this game somewhat resembles tennis1 but is played over a lower dividing line1 and the ball is batted with the hand instead of with a racket2 it is always played from a bound1 never on the fly4 ,,ground4--,boundary lines for the entire court should be outlined1 measuring about fifty feet in length by twenty-five in width1 though these dimensions are not invariable4 ,the ground is then divided by a line into two equal parts4 ,in a gymnasium balance beams may be set up for this purpose4 ,out of doors a board or log may be used1 or the mere drawing of a line on the ground will suffice4 ,,players4--,the players are divided into two equal parties which take their places on either side of the dividing line1 scattered over their respective courts without regular formation4 ,,object4--,the game consists in batting a tennis or hand ball with the hand from one side to the other of the dividing line1 after it has first bounded in one's own territory4 ,,start4--,the leader of the game1 or any player on either side1 puts the ball in play by throwing it among the players of the opposite side4 ,whoever catches the ball acts as the first server4 ,the server serves by bounding the ball once and then hitting or batting it with the open palm on the rebound1 so that it will go over into the opponents' court4 ,should a served ball fail to rebound in the antagonists' court1 it is returned to the party from which it came1 that they may have a second trial4 ,one player continues to serve until his side scores five1 when the ball is thrown to the opponents4 ,the players on a side serve in rotation4 ,,rules ,,and ,,points ,,of ,,play4--,in returning a serve or keeping the ball in play at any time1 it may be bounced any number of times before being sent into the opponents' court4 ,the one essential point is that it should be kept bounding1 a ball that is dead being thrown back to the server4 ,in bounding the ball it must always be hit or batted from the upper side with the palm of the hand4 ,should the ball bound very low so as to give slight opportunity for batting into the opponents' court1 a player may coax it to a higher point before batting4 ,a ball may also be worked forward or to any advantageous point of the ground by bounding or dribbling in this way before batting it4 ,whenever a ball enters a court1 any member of the party on that side may play upon it4 ,the players in each court will naturally scatter to be ready to receive the ball4 ,players will use in this game many points of tennis1 such as sending the ball into the opponents' territory with a long glancing stroke1 which may make it bound unexpectedly toward the rear of the opponents' court2 or on the contrary1 with a small bound that shall just barely cross the line4 ,a ball going out of bounds is out of play1 and must be returned to the server unless it should rebound in the court for which it was intended1 when it should still be considered in play4 ,,score4--,the score is entirely for a defensive game1 being wholly on the opponents' failures4 ,if desired1 the score may be the same as in tennis1 but is generally as follows3-- ,one point is scored for 7a7 failure to strike the ball as directed 7from above with the open palm72 7b7 failure to bound the ball before sending it into the opponents' ground2 7c7 failure to return a good serve or play4 ,,bowl ,,ball 7,see ,center ,club ,bowls1 ,circle ,club ,bowls1 and ,line ,club ,bowls47 ,,call ,,ball 7,see also ,ring ,call ,ball1 ,ball ,stand1 and ,spud47 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,hand ball4 ,the players are numbered and scatter promiscuously over the playground or gymnasium4 ,one tosses a ball1 at the same time calling the number of some other player4 ,this player must run forward and catch the ball before it has bounded more than once4 ,any player who is successful in this takes the place of the first tosser4 ,any player who fails rejoins the others1 but three failures put him out of the game4 ,for large numbers it is well to have two balls1 tossed by two different players4 ,the one who is tossing the ball will add much to the interest of the game by calling the names of players who are at a considerable distance from the ball1 or for any other reason may have a particularly difficult task in reaching the ball in time2 or he may take them unaware1 as by calling the same name twice in succession1 etc4 ,there is no limit to the number of times a player may be called4 ,,captain ,,ball ,captain ,ball is one of the best and most popular games for both children and adults1 boys and girls4 ,it is one of the most useful forms of games for the period when pupils are beginning to enjoy organization1 as it calls for comparatively simple1 though pronounced1 team work4 ,there are many variations in ,captain ,ball1 the differences being in 7#a7 the plan of laying out the ground1 and consequently the relative position of players2 7#b7 the points of play that score2 and 7#c7 the rules restricting the players4 ,while almost any rules of play or points of scoring may be used on almost any plan of ground1 certain methods of play seem to have grown out of1 and naturally to belong to1 certain diagrams4 ,an umpire1 referee1 and scorer are desirable in any form of the game1 but not absolutely necessary except for match games4 ,six distinct forms of ,captain ,ball are here presented1 ,captain ,ball ,i1 ,,ii1 ,,iii2 ,emperor ,ball 7,,iv72 ,progressive ,captain ,ball 7,v7 7a new form of the game originated by ,miss ,cora ,b4 ,clark of ,new ,york72 also a schoolroom adaptation1 ,schoolroom ,captain ,ball 7,,vi74 ,some forms which offer minor variations have been omitted in favor of these1 which form distinct types4 ,the games are grouped in this place to facilitate comparison4 ,for ,,new ,,york ,,captain ,,ball 7rules of ,girls' ,branch1 ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league71 see ,appendix4 ,,captain ,,ball--,i #ad players4 ,basket ball2 volley ball4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,captain ,,ball--,i ,this is in some respects a simpler form of ,captain ,ball than those that follow1 as there are but three bases or homes on each side of the field1 and the captain is on one of these instead of in the center4 ,his position at the farthest point from the dividing line tends to distribute the play equally among all of the players4 ,the number of players is smaller than in other forms of the game4 ,the ball does not score for completing the circle 7or triangle7 of players1 as in other forms of the game4 ,although very rapid1 this form may be less confusing for beginners than in larger formations where there are more players4 ,,ground4--,on each side of the ground at corresponding distances from the center three small circles are drawn for bases at the points of a triangle4 ,the circles should be from two to five feet each in diameter1 the more skillful the players the smaller the circle4 ,the distance between each two circles forming a triangle should be at least fifteen feet1 and the distance across the center of the field between the two inner circles1 from fifteen to twenty-five feet4 ,,teams4--,the players are divided into two teams1 each consisting of three basemen1 three base guards1 and one fielder4 ,one of the basemen is captain and stands in the base at the end of the ground farthest from the center4 ,each team has a guard stationed near each of its opponents' bases1 and a fielder whose general place should be near the center of the ground but who is free to run to any part of the ground1 and who should pick up the ball whenever it goes afield4 ,the ball should then be put in play again from the center as at the start4 ,,object ,,of ,,the ,,game4--,the object of the game is to have a captain catch a ball from one of his basemen4 ,a ball caught by the captain from the guards or fielder of his team1 does not count4 ,of course the guards will try to prevent the ball being caught by a captain from one of his basemen1 or by one of the basemen from his fielder1 and on the other hand will try to secure the ball and send it back to their own basemen or fielder4 ,,start4--,the ball is put in play by being tossed up in the center of the ground by a third party between the two fielders1 both of whom try to catch it4 ,the one who succeeds has first throw4 ,touching the ball is not enough for this first catch3 it must be caught in both hands4 ,in case of dispute1 the ball should be tossed again4 ,the ball is again put in play in this way after each point scored2 also after going afield and being picked up by one of the fielders4 ,,rules4--,the basemen may put one foot outside of their bases or circles1 but at no time both feet4 ,each guard must remain near the base he guards but may not step within it even with one foot4 ,should either side transgress these rules or make any other foul1 the ball is thrown to one of the basemen on the opposite side1 who is given free play to throw to his captain without interference of his own guard1 though the captain's guard may try to prevent its being caught4 ,a ball that goes afield is put in play again at the center1 as at the opening of the game4 ,,fouls4--,it is a foul 7#a7 to transgress any of the rules given above2 7#b7 to snatch or bat the ball from an opponent's hands2 7#c7 to bounce the ball more than three times in succession2 7#d7 to run with the ball2 7#e7 to kick it2 7#f7 to hand instead of throwing it2 or 7#g7 to hold it longer than time enough to turn once around quickly1 or three seconds4 ,penalty for fouls consists in allowing opponents a free throw from one of their basemen to their captain1 as described under ,rules4 ,,score4--,the ball scores one point whenever a catch is made by a captain from one of his basemen4 ,it does not score when the captain catches it from a guard or fielder4 ,the game is played by time limits1 ranging from ten to thirty minutes4 ,the time is divided in halves1 and at the end of the first half the teams have an interval of rest1 and the basemen and guards change places4 ,the team wins which has the highest score at the end of the second half4 ,the ball is put newly in play after every point scored4 ,,captain ,,ball--,,ii #ah to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball2 volley ball4 ,the distinctive features of this form of ,captain ,ball are3 7#a7 the captain occupies a place in the circumference of the circle as in ,i1 instead of in the center as in succeeding forms of the game2 7#b7 the captain's place is near the dividing line1 instead of at the farthest point from it as in ,i2 this gives the guards of his team1 on the opposite side of the ground1 a greater opportunity to reach him than in ,i1 while any increased tendency to concentrate play near the dividing line is offset by the scoring of the ball through completing a round of the circle1 and by the greater freedom allowed the guards2 7#c7 the guards may run at large1 not being confined to guarding any one baseman2 7#d7 there are no fielders1 the free action of the guards making these unnecessary2 7#e7 the ball scores for completing a circle and also for any catch by the captain from one of his team1 whether it be baseman or guard2 also for a catch by any one baseman from another baseman of his team2 or for a catch by the captain after it has passed through the hands of two or three basemen successively2 7#f7 fouls differ from those in some other forms of the game1 and are penalized by scoring for the opponents instead of by a toss of the ball4 ,illustration3 ,,captain ,,ball ,,in ,a ,,high ,,school ,illustration ,diagram3 ,,captain ,,ball--,,ii ,,ground4--,the ground is divided into two equal parts by a line across the center4 ,in each part a series of small rings or bases is arranged in a circle1 at equal distances apart1 the number and distance depending on the space at disposal and the number of players2 the small base rings should not be closer to each other than four or five feet1 and should measure from two to four feet in diameter4 ,the captain's place is in one of these bases nearest the center of the ground or dividing line4 ,,teams4--,there should be from eight to thirty players on each side1 exclusive of the captain4 ,half of these players stand in the bases on their own side1 the captain's base completing the circle and being nearest the dividing line4 ,the other players of the team1 called guards1 are stationed at the opening of the game each near one of the opponents' bases on the opposite side of the ground from his own basemen4 ,each guard is chiefly responsible throughout for guarding his particular base2 but all guards may move about freely in the opponents' territory without stepping within the rings 7bases74 ,,objects ,,of ,,game4--,the objects of the game are1 7#a7 to pass the ball from baseman to baseman in one circle2 or 7#b7 entirely around one of the circles without its being caught by the opponents' guards1 who seek to gain possession of it2 and 7#c7 for any baseman or guard to throw the ball as many times as possible to his own captain4 ,the guards try not only to prevent the passage of the ball around the circle or its reaching their opponents' captain1 but also to gain possession of the ball and throw it over to the opposite side to their own basemen and captain4 ,,start4--,the ball is put in play at the opening of the game1 and after each catch by a captain1 and after each foul1 by being tossed by a neutral person in the center of the ground1 the guards on both sides trying to get possession of it4 ,the ball is not considered caught unless it be held in both hands4 ,any guard so catching it has an opportunity to throw it to his own captain or one of his basemen4 ,the guards on the opposite side of course try to prevent such a catch4 ,,rules4--,it is considered a fair catch for any baseman1 including the captain1 if the ball be caught on a bound either from the floor1 ceiling1 or any other object1 or from hitting another player4 ,a ball that goes afield is secured by the guard standing nearest the point where it left the circle4 ,he puts it in play from the point in the circle where it went out4 ,other rules are indicated under ,fouls4 ,,fouls4--,it is a foul 7#a7 to kick the ball2 7#b7 to run with the ball2 7#c7 for a guard to step over the dividing line or inside one of the bases2 7#d7 for a baseman to step outside of his own base1 even with one foot2 7#e7 to hand the ball instead of tossing2 7#f7 to snatch or bat the ball from an opponent's hands2 7#g7 to hold the ball longer than time enough to turn around quickly1 or three seconds4 ,one point is scored by the opponents whenever a foul is made1 and the ball is then put in play again from the center4 ,,score4--,one point is scored for a team every time a baseman catches the ball from another baseman of the same team4 ,two points are scored for a team every time its captain makes a fair catch1 whether the ball has gone around his circle or not1 and whether the ball was thrown by one of his basemen or one of his guards on the opposite side of the field4 ,three points are scored if the ball reaches two different basemen and the captain successively1 whether in regular rotation around the circle or not4 ,four points are scored if the ball reaches three different basemen and the captain successively1 whether in regular rotation around the circle or not4 ,five points are scored whenever the ball passes entirely around the circle on one side1 in regular rotation of basemen1 whether the start and finish of that circle be with the captain or some other baseman4 ,each foul scores one for the opposing team1 as described under ,fouls4 ,after the captain catches the ball1 no further points may be scored on it in that play and it then goes back to the center to be put again in play4 ,,captain ,,ball--,,iii #bj to #dj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball2 volley ball4 ,this form of ,captain ,ball is the most strenuous of any1 as freer mass play is encouraged among the guards1 and there are fewer restrictions in the form of play1 batting and hitting the ball being allowed1 which are fouls in other forms of the game4 ,the method of punishing fouls is optional and should be determined before the game begins4 ,the ground is divided somewhat differently than in other forms of the game1 by a neutral space between the two fields1 where the ball is tossed for sides4 ,the ball scores both for completing a circle and being caught by a captain1 but not for catching from one baseman to another1 as in ,,ii4 ,the captain is stationed in the center instead of in the circumference of the circle1 as in ,i and ,,ii4 ,,ground4--,the ground is divided into two equal parts by a neutral strip about three feet wide through the center4 ,in each half are marked five or more bases in the form of small circles from two to five feet in diameter 7or rectangles71 outlining part of a large circle or square open toward the center4 ,in the center of each half is marked a small circle or base for the captain4 ,the interest of the game may be enhanced by placing a springboard in the captain's base1 on which he should stand4 ,,teams4--,the players are divided into two equal teams1 consisting each of 7#a7 a captain1 7#b7 a baseman for each base in the outer circle1 7#c7 guards4 ,there should be one less guard on each team than the number of players in its outer circle4 ,for instance1 for five basemen1 as in the diagram1 there should be four guards4 ,the guards belonging to a team are stationed in the opponents' field1 and generally begin the game lined up near the neutral territory that runs through the center of the ground4 ,as the game progresses1 the guards may scatter in any way that they choose4 ,there are no center runners or fielders in this form of the game1 as in some others ,an umpire is desirable1 and a scorer and referee are needed for skillful teams4 ,illustration ,diagram3 ,,captain ,,ball--,,iii ,,objects ,,of ,,game4--,the objects of the game are 7#a7 for the ball to be thrown and caught around the complete circle of basemen2 7#b7 for the outer basemen to throw the ball to their captain in the center2 the guards trying 7#a7 to intercept the ball before it can complete a circle2 7#b7 to prevent it being caught by the captain2 and 7#c7 to secure possession of the ball and send it to the basemen in their own 7the opposite7 field4 ,,start4--,the ball is put in play in the center of the neutral strip by an umpire or referee4 ,he tosses the ball1 and the guards from both sides try to gain possession of it4 ,for this purpose the guards may run anywhere they choose1 being permitted on the neutral territory2 but as soon as possession of the ball is decided1 the guards must return to their respective fields1 and may not again leave them until the ball is again put in play4 ,to touch the ball does not give a guard possession of it2 he must hold it in both hands4 ,in case of dispute the referee should again toss the ball4 ,when a guard has secured possession of the ball1 he and the other guards return to their home fields1 and the one having the ball throws it to one of his basemen in the opposite field4 ,the ball is put in play from the center after every point scored1 and after it goes afield4 ,,rules4--,the guards are not allowed to step within the bases2 they may not cross the boundary lines into the neutral territory1 except when the ball is being put in play4 ,basemen may not step outside of their bases1 even with one foot4 ,should the captain1 in catching a ball1 step over his base1 the catch does not score1 but if this be with only one foot1 he has the privilege of throwing the ball to one of his basemen without interference from the guards4 ,a throw from a guard in the opposite field to his own captain does not score4 ,kicking or striking a ball out of a player's hands is allowable4 ,in trying to block a throw1 guards may not touch basemen nor step within the bases4 ,guards will naturally be very watchful of the center1 as successful catches by the captain score4 ,,fouls4--,transgression of any of the previous rules constitutes a foul1 penalized by giving the ball to the opposite side or by allowing them to score one point4 ,which of these two methods is to prevail during a game should be decided before the game starts4 ,,score4--,one point is scored for a team every time that the captain catches a ball thrown by one of his basemen4 ,one point is scored for a team whenever the ball is thrown from base to base successively until it completes an uninterrupted circle4 ,fouls may score or not1 as explained under ,fouls4 ,after every point scored1 the ball is returned to the umpire and put again in play4 ,the game is played in two halves of fifteen or twenty minutes each1 with a rest of five or ten minutes between the halves4 ,teams change sides at the beginning of the second half1 but they do not change players2 that is1 guards do not become basemen1 and vice versa1 as in some other forms of this game4 ,,emperor ,,ball 7,captain ,ball--,,iv7 #cj to #dj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,this game is really a form of ,captain ,ball1 but differs from any of the previous forms in the following points3-- ,a neutral officer1 called the ,emperor1 is stationed in the center of the field between the two teams1 and the ball scores its highest when it has been thrown entirely around one of the circles1 from there to the captain in the centre1 and from him to the ,emperor4 ,there are two fielders1 or players at large1 who try to intercept the ball before it reaches the ,emperor1 or to block it in any other part of the play4 ,illustration ,diagram3 ,,emperor ,,ball ,,ground4--,in the center of the ground is placed a springboard1 box1 stool1 or other platform for the impartial ruler of the game called the ,emperor4 ,the ground on each side of this point is marked out as follows3 ,a series of bases or small circles 7the number to vary with the number of players7 is drawn so as to form together a large circle with from four to ten feet between each two small ones4 ,the small circles should be from two to five feet in diameter4 ,in the center of this large ring another small circle or base is marked for the captain of the team4 ,,teams4--,the players appoint one impartial officer who is the ,emperor and stands in the center on a raised base 7box1 jumping board1 or other improvised platform74 ,the balance of the players are divided into two equal teams1 consisting each of a captain1 two center players1 or fielders1 and a number of basemen and base guards4 ,the two fielders may go anywhere on the field1 but their main duty is to prevent the ball reaching the ,emperor from an opponent4 ,they also pick up the ball when it goes afield and hand it to the ,emperor for starting again4 ,each captain takes his place in a center base2 the basemen stand each in a base in the circle surrounding his captain2 the guards1 of equal number with the basemen1 take their places in the opposite field1 each being assigned to guard one of the basemen1 including the captain of the opposing team1 and may not go from the immediate vicinity of the circle he guards4 ,,objects ,,of ,,the ,,game4--,the objects of the game for each team consist 7#a7 in throwing the ball from baseman to baseman completely around its circle2 7#b7 around the circle as in 7#a7 and in addition1 to throw from the last baseman to the center player or captain2 and 7#c7 having completed the previous two points1 to throw from the captain to the ,emperor1 who stands between the two halves of the field4 ,the object of the guards1 of course1 is 7#a7 to intercept the ball so as to prevent the completion of this play in any of its points2 and 7#b7 to gain possession of the ball so as to throw it across the field to their own basemen on the opposite side4 ,,start4--,the ball is put in play at the beginning of the game1 and always thereafter1 when necessary1 by the ,emperor4 ,he must naturally be perfectly impartial1 and may toss the ball to either side1 in turn1 or use his judgment in choosing which side shall have it4 ,he will1 of course1 do his best to catch the ball for either side that throws it to him4 ,the ball is put newly in play after every point scored1 after every foul1 and after going afield4 ,,rules4--,no baseman may step outside of his base even with one foot4 ,a ball caught by the captain with one foot out of his base does not score1 nor if so caught by a baseman does it count in completing the round of the circle2 but this does not count as a foul1 and a captain so catching a ball may toss it to one of his team4 ,no mass play is permissible among the guards1 each one being obliged to guard only the baseman to whom he is assigned4 ,this does not apply to the two fielders1 who may move anywhere on the field1 and who pick up balls that go out of the large circles4 ,,fouls4--,it is a foul 7#a7 to hit1 bat1 or snatch a ball from an opponent2 7#b7 to hand a ball instead of throwing it2 7#c7 to hold a ball longer than time enough to turn around quickly1 or three seconds2 7#d7 for a guard to step inside a base4 ,each foul scores one point for the opponents1 and the ball is then put newly in play by the ,emperor4 ,,score4--,a team scores one point when a ball has successfully completed the round of its circle of basemen1 but is intercepted in a throw from that to the captain2 a team scores two points when its ball has completed the round of the circle of basemen and been caught by its captain in the center1 but fails to reach the ,emperor2 a team scores five points when its ball has completed the full play of the circle1 its captain1 and the ,emperor4 ,a team scores one point for every foul made by the opponents4 ,the ball is put newly in play by the ,emperor after every point scored4 ,the game is played in time limits of fifteen-minute halves1 with a rest of five or ten minutes between the halves4 ,the team wins which has the highest score4 ,the teams change sides and places for the second half1 guards becoming basemen1 and vice versa4 ,,progressive ,,captain ,,ball 7,captain ,ball--,v7 #bj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,this game differs from any other form of ,captain ,ball in the fact that the players progress after each score from base to base4 ,each player thus completes the round of outer bases in his own field1 then becomes captain for his team1 then a fielder1 and then starts on the round as guard for each base1 in turn1 in the opposite field4 ,the use of progression in this game was originated by ,miss ,cora ,b4 ,clark of ,new ,york4 ,it is obviously best adapted to older players1--of high school age1--but once understood1 the progression is simple and well within the ability of younger players4 ,this form of the game as to grounds and rules may be played without the progression if desired4 ,illustration ,diagram3 ,,progressive ,,captain ,,ball ,,ground4--,the ground is divided into two equal parts1 with a line through the center4 ,in the center of each of the two fields a circle is drawn for the captain's base1 four feet in diameter4 ,at equal distances around this a series of small circles for bases is drawn1 the series outlining the arc of a large circle open to the center or dividing line4 ,the small bases 7circles7 should be each three feet in diameter4 ,their number will depend upon the number of players1 but they should not be closer than six feet to each other and ten feet from the center base4 ,each base in the accompanying diagram is lettered to make clearer the order of progression1 but when this order is once understood1 it is not necessary to number the bases on the ground4 ,,teams4--,the players are divided into two even teams1 each consisting of a captain1 two fielders1 and a number of basemen1 one for each of the small outer circles or bases4 ,in addition1 there should be a guard for each baseman and one for the captain4 ,the players are disposed as follows3 ,the captain stands in the center base1 with a guard outside the base4 ,each of the basemen stands in one of the smaller outer bases1 with a guard outside his base4 ,the fielders1 at the opening of the game1 face each other at the center of the dividing line4 ,,objects ,,of ,,the ,,game4--,the objects of the game are 7#a7 to send the ball in a complete circuit of the outer bases2 and 7#b7 to throw the ball from a baseman to the captain on his side of the field4 ,,start4--,the game is started by the referee throwing the ball up between the fielders1 who jump for it and try to bat it toward their own captain and basemen4 ,whenever a score is made1 the ball is put in play again as at first4 ,,rules4--,the captain may not step outside his base4 ,a ball caught in this way does not score1 but the misstep is not a foul unless with both feet4 ,the outer basemen may put one foot outside their bases when trying to catch the ball4 ,a guard must stay within three feet of the base he guards1 and may not step within it4 ,guards1 of course1 try to prevent the basemen from getting the ball or to prevent its being thrown to the captain1 and to intercept it as it makes the round of the circle4 ,they also try to get the ball to throw to the basemen on their own side4 ,the fielders1 aside from jumping for the ball when it is put into play1 may move anywhere in the field4 ,their chief office is to get the balls which go out of bounds1 no one else being allowed to do this4 ,fielders may play the ball if it comes their way1 but they must not interfere with guards4 ,a ball thrown from a guard or fielder does not score4 ,,progression4--,the distinctive feature of this game is the method of progression4 ,to make this plainer1 the players in the diagram are designated by numbers as well as by teams4 ,thus1 ,x indicates all players on one team1 and ,o all players on the other team1 each player carrying a number1 ,x-#a1 ,x-#b1 ,x-#c1 etc4 ,the method of progression is as follows3-- ,after the ball has scored a point1 the two fielders1 ,x-#ac and ,o-#ac1 move to base ,a4 ,o-#ac1 as he is now crossing to his home side of the field1 goes inside of base ,a as baseman1 and ,x-#ac becomes his guard2 the other two fielders1 ,x-#ad and ,o-#ad1 go to base ,f1 the home man1 ,x-#ad1 going inside the base1 and ,o-#ad becoming his guard4 ,it will thus be seen that the two fielders bearing the lower number 7#ac7 go to the first base1 ,a1 and those bearing the higher number 7#ad7 go to the base bearing the highest letter1 ,f4 ,at the same time that the fielders make this change1 each baseman and his attendant guard move one base farther up2 that is1 baseman ,o-#a and guard ,x-#g move from base ,a to base ,b2 baseman ,o-#b and his guard ,x-#h move from base ,b to base ,c2 and so on4 ,the last baseman on this side1 ,o-#e1 and his guard1 ,x-#aa1 move to the center or captain's base1 the previous captain and his guard taking the place of the fielders who stood nearest base ,e4 ,on the other side of the field the progression is made in the same way1 so that the order of progression is always from bases ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 and ,e to the captain's base1 and from the captain's base to fielders4 ,when a player has made the complete circuit of one side1 he progresses from fielder's position to the opposite side2 that is1 after the players who started in base ,a 7basemen ,o-#a and guard ,x-#g7 become fielders1 they progress by going to base ,f1 instead of back to base ,a4 ,this change comes easily if the captain from the base occupied at first by ,x-#f always takes his place as fielder nearest base ,a2 the fielders nearest ,a always going to ,a1 and the other fielders to ,f4 ,,fouls4--7#a7 ,touching the ball when it is in another player's hands2 7#b7 walking or running with the ball2 7#c7 stepping out of his base by the captain to catch the ball2 7#d7 stepping out of the bases with both feet by the basemen2 7#e7 moving by a guard more than three feet from the base he guards2 7#f7 stepping over the center line into the opponents' territory2 7#g7 two fielders from the same side going after the ball at once when it goes out of bounds4 ,,penalty ,,for ,,fouls4--,no score is made on fouls1 the penalty being the loss of the ball to the opposite side4 ,the ball under these circumstances goes to the player on the other side1 who stands in a corresponding position to the one who made the foul4 ,,score4--,a ball thrown from a baseman to his captain scores one point4 ,a ball completing a circuit of the outer basemen scores two points4 ,the side wins which has the highest score when time is called4 ,the game may be played in from thirty to sixty minutes' time4 ,,schoolroom ,,captain ,,ball #aj to #fj players4 ,gas ball4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,schoolroom ,,captain ,,ball ,,team ,,team ,b ,bases4 7,b7 ,bases4 ,i4 ,c ,captain4 ,,ii4 7,c7 ,captain4 ,x ,guards4 7,x7 ,guards4 ,the class is divided into two teams1 with a center captain and five bases on each side4 ,the remaining players of each company serve as guards1 and are placed on the opposite side from their captains and bases to prevent opponents from catching the ball4 ,the teacher or umpire tosses the ball alternately to the guards1 the first time to team one1 the second time to team two4 ,the guards1 in turn1 toss it to their bases1 who try to get it to their captains1 the opposite guards opposing by guarding with the arms and jumping to catch the ball4 ,the game continues until one captain catches the ball from a straight throw 7not a bound7 from a base 7not a guard74 ,the side catching the ball scores a point1 and the umpire then tosses the ball to the guards of the opposite team1 etc4 ,the game is played in time limits1 the side having the highest score at the end of ten or fifteen minutes winning the game4 ,fouls are--,holding the ball longer than five seconds4 ,snatching the ball4 ,knocking the ball out of an opponent's hand4 ,in case of a foul the ball is given to the opposite team4 ,any number may play the game1 provided the sides are even4 ,this schoolroom adaptation of ,captain ,ball was made by ,miss ,mabel ,l4 ,pray of ,toledo1 ,ohio1 and was submitted in a competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city in #aijf4 ,this game was one that received honorable mention1 and is here published by the kind permission of the author1 and of the ,girls' ,branch and of ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding ,brothers1 who publish the handbook in which the game first appeared4 ,,center ,,base #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,hand ball2 basket ball4 ,all of the players but one form a circle1 with considerable space between each two4 ,the odd player stands in the center1 holding the ball4 ,he tosses it to any player in the circle1 and immediately runs away outside the circle4 ,the player to whom the ball is thrown must catch it1 place it on the ground in the center of the circle1 and at once chase the one who threw it4 ,the one who threw the ball tries to get back to the center of the circle and touch the ball before he can be tagged4 ,should he succeed in this1 he joins the circle1 and the other player throws the ball4 ,if the first center player is tagged before returning to the ball1 he throws again1 and the one who chased him returns to the circle4 ,this game is very popular with children4 ,,center ,,catch ,,ball #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,hand ball2 basket ball2 bean bag4 ,i4 ,simple form for little children4 ,all of the players but one stand in a circle1 with two or three feet distance between players4 ,the odd player stands in the center of the circle and tries to catch the ball1 which is tossed rapidly from one circle player to another4 ,should he be successful1 the one who last touched the ball changes places with him4 ,,ii4 ,advanced form for skillful players4 ,this differs from the preceding in the greater distance between players and also in the much greater range and resourcefulness of play4 ,the players stand in a circle with from six to eight feet between each two1 and with one player in the center4 ,the circle players throw a ball from one to another1 the object of the game being for the center player to catch the ball or knock it to the floor4 ,the circle players may throw the ball over the heads of one another or across the circle1 or make sudden feints of throwing it in one direction1 turn suddenly and throw it in another1 etc41 to deceive the center player4 ,any player in the circle who last touched the ball1 changes places with the center player whenever the latter touches or catches the ball4 ,,center ,,club ,,bowls 7,see also ,line ,club ,bowls 7,single72 ,line ,club ,bowls 7,double72 ,circle ,club ,bowls47 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,hand ball2 bean bag4 ,the players join in a large circle and number by twos or consecutively4 ,the odd numbers form one team and the even numbers 7alternate players7 another4 ,three ,indian clubs are placed at the points of a small triangle1 measuring about twelve inches in the center of the circle4 ,each player1 in turn1 bowls at the clubs with a hand ball or bean bag4 ,each club bowled over scores one for the bowler's team4 ,the team wins which has the highest score when each player has bowled twice1 or more times1 as may be agreed on at the opening of the game4 ,each player must secure his ball or bag after bowling and replace the overturned clubs4 ,one ball or bag may be used and passed around the circle1 but the play is quicker if each player has his own4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,center ,,club ,,bowls ,,circle ,,ball #aj to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,hand ball2 basket ball2 bean bag4 ,the players stand in a circle with from three to five feet between each two4 ,the game consists of merely tossing the ball rapidly from one player to another1 but not in regular order4 ,the sport comes from the unexpectedness with which the ball may be thrown across the ring1 or reverse the direction in which it is circling the ring1 or in any other way taking the players unaware4 ,a leader or teacher should see that this element of sport is put into the game1 or else it may be very dull and useless4 ,any player failing to catch the ball should sit down1 the player winning who remains standing the longest4 ,when all are seated1 the same game may be played in a sitting position4 ,for a more advanced form of this game1 see ,round ,ball4 ,for very little children1 the spaces between players should be less and the tossing done in regular order from one player to the next1 working up gradually to the more varied modes of play suggested above4 ,several balls or bags may be used1 following each other in quick succession4 ,the number of these may be increased until there is but one 7or two7 balls or bean bags less than the number of players4 ,,circle ,,club ,,bowls 7,see also ,line ,club ,bowls 7,single72 ,line ,club ,bowls 7,double72 ,center ,club ,bowls47 #f to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball2 football2 ,indian clubs4 ,the players divide into two parties and take their places in one large circle1 the players of one party alternating with those of the other4 ,there should be five or six feet of space between each two players4 ,each player is provided with an ,indian club4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,circle ,,club ,,bowls ,the players of one party distinguish themselves and their clubs in some way1 as by tying a handkerchief around the arm and club4 ,the players1 having taken their places in the circle1 place each his own club on the floor behind him at a distance of two or three feet4 ,the object of the game is to knock over the opponents' clubs by rolling the ball on the floor1 and naturally to protect one's own clubs4 ,any player may start the game4 ,while the main form of play for the ball is to roll it1 it is permissible to bound the ball from one player to another1 and also permissible to knock over a club with a ball that bounds instead of rolling4 ,it is not permissible to toss a ball from one player to another1 or to dislodge a club by a toss unless the ball should hit the floor and bound before it hits the club4 ,whenever a club is dislodged1 the owner of the club must set it up again at once2 if he also has the ball1 he must set up the club before putting the ball again into play4 ,a point is scored by one party whenever one of the opponents' clubs is dislodged1 whether it be knocked over by a ball or by its owner4 ,the side wins which first makes a score of forty-nine points4 ,the game may also be played with two balls at once1 and this is always desirable for as many as twenty players4 ,,circle ,,dodge ,,ball 7,see ,dodge ,ball47 ,illustration3 ,,circle ,,stride ,,ball ,,circle ,,stride ,,ball #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,foot ball2 basket ball4 ,all but one of the players form a circle1 standing in stride position with feet touching those of the next players to make a barricade for the ball4 ,the odd player stands in the center and tries to throw the ball outside of the circle between the feet of the players4 ,those in the circle try to prevent the passage of the ball1 using only their hands for this4 ,this play is continued until the center player succeeds in sending the ball through the circle1 when he changes places with the player between whose feet or on whose right side it passed out4 ,if a circle player moves his feet in any way1 he must change places with the center4 ,the center player will aid his object by using considerable finesse1 appearing to intend sending the ball in one direction1 turning suddenly and sending it in another1 etc4 ,when the ball has been sent out of the circle1 the players turn1 facing outward1 and the odd man tries to send it back inside according to the same rules4 ,,circle ,,zigzag 7,see ,zigzag ,games47 ,,club ,,bowls ,four forms of this game are given in this volume in alphabetic order4 ,two are in line formation and two in circle formation1 as follows3-- #a4 ,line ,club ,bowls4--7,single7 7,relay formation1 one club bowled over47 #b4 ,line ,club ,bowls4--7,double7 7,relay formation1 ball or bag bowled between two clubs47 #c4 ,circle ,club ,bowls4--7,ring formation1 clubs outside of ring47 #d4 ,center ,club ,bowls4--7,ring formation1 three clubs in center47 ,see also ,battle ,ball and ,bombardment4 ,,corner ,,ball 7,see also ,double ,corner ,ball47 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball2 volley ball4 ,illustration ,diagram3 ,,corner ,,ball ,,ground4--,the ground is marked off into a space measuring at least twenty-five by thirty feet4 ,this is divided across the center by a straight line4 ,in the further corners of each half so made1 a small square goal is marked out1 there being two such goals in each court4 ,,players4--,the players are divided into two even parties1 each of which takes position on one side of the ground and stations a goal man in each of the goals at the rear of the opposite side4 ,,object4--,the object of the game is to throw the ball over the heads of the opposing party to one's own goal men1 who are at the rear of the opponents' court4 ,,rules ,,and ,,points ,,of ,,play4--,the players on each side are not bound to any special territory within their own court1 but will naturally see that each of the goals at their rear is well protected1 and will try to intercept the ball before it can reach these goals4 ,they will also1 of course1 try to throw the ball over the opposing party to their own goal men in the opposite court4 ,no player may cross the line which divides the two halves of the ground4 ,the goal men may not step outside of their goals4 ,any ball caught in this way fails to score4 ,no opponent may step inside of a goal4 ,when a goal man catches a ball1 he must at once throw it back1 trying of course to get it to his own party over the heads of the opponents1 who try to intercept it4 ,,score4--,every ball caught by a goal man scores one for the party throwing4 ,the side first scoring twenty points wins the game4 ,,corner ,,spry #aj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,balls2 bean bags4 ,the players are divided into four groups1 one group stationed in each corner called ,north1 ,south1 ,east1 and ,west4 ,four captains stand in the center1 each with a bean bag1 facing his corner of players1 who stand in a row4 ,the captain throws the bean bag to each player in turn in his group1 who throws it back at once to the captain1 and so on until the last player is reached4 ,as the captain throws to his last player he calls ,corner ,spry6 and runs to the head of the row1 the last player becoming captain4 ,the group that first succeeds in having all of its players in the captain's place wins the game4 ,this game was originated by ,miss ,amy ,a4 ,young of ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 and received honorable mention in a competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city in #aijf4 ,it is here published by the kind permission of the author1 and of the ,girls' ,branch1 and of ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding ,brothers1 publishers of the handbook in which the game first appeared4 ,,crackabout #aj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,soft hand ball4 ,the players scatter over the playground1 trying to get as far away as possible from the one who has the ball4 ,he throws it at one of the players1 trying to hit him with it1 at the same time calling ,crackabout6 ,all of the players make a rush for the ball1 the one who succeeds in getting it being the next thrower4 ,the other players scatter immediately that one has secured it1 the ball man at once throwing at some other player1 naturally trying to hit the nearest4 ,as soon as the players hear his call of ,crackabout6 they rush together again in the direction of the ball to try and secure it1 and so on indefinitely4 ,the game is thus a rapid succession of running away from the ball man and scrimmages to secure the ball4 ,it is one of the strenuous and popular games enjoyed by boys of almost any age1 and affords some lively exercise and sport in a few minutes4 ,,curtain ,,ball #aj to #ajj players4 ,gymnasium2 playground4 ,basket ball2 volley ball4 ,this is one of the most interesting ball games and is adaptable to many conditions4 ,for instance1 where a curtain cannot be conveniently hung1 the game may be played over a high fence or hedge4 ,the game consists in throwing a ball backward and forward over a curtain which conceals the opposing players from each other4 ,as the ball should not be allowed to touch the ground1 scoring for the opponents whenever it does so1 the players have to be very alert1 and there is opportunity for much sport in the game4 ,for a very large number of players1 more than one ball may be used4 ,,ground4--,no outside boundaries are necessary for this game4 ,the ground should be divided into two approximately equal parts by an opaque curtain eight feet in height1 strung on a rope or wire carried across from side supports4 ,this should touch the ground1 so that there is no means of seeing the position of the opposing players on the other side4 ,as stated above1 the game may be played across a high fence or hedge instead of over a curtain4 ,,players4--,the players are divided into two parties of equal number4 ,there is no regular formation or disposition of the players over the ground4 ,each party should select an umpire1 whose duty it is to stand at one end of the curtain on the opponents' side1 where he can watch the opponents and keep score4 ,,rules4--,the ball is thrown back and forth from one side to the other over the curtain1 and should be caught before it can touch the floor4 ,players will try to deceive their opponents as to the point where the ball is to cross the curtain1 and the more rapid the play is the more alert the players will have to be4 ,the great sport of the game consists in the unexpectedness with which the ball may appear at any given point4 ,,score4--,opponents score one point whenever the ball touches the ground4 ,the side wins which first scores twenty-one points4 ,this game was originated by ,dr4 ,dudley ,a4 ,sargent4 ,,dead ,,ball #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,gas ball2 bean bags4 ,this game may be played with balls or bean bags4 ,if with balls1 a light gas ball is preferable1 as for all schoolroom games4 ,from one to three balls or bags will be needed for the game4 ,if the class is a large one1 only half the pupils should play at a time2 if a small class1 all may play at once4 ,the players stand in the aisles or between the seats and desks1 and should be scattered around the schoolroom4 ,the teacher puts the balls in play by tossing them one at a time upward1 so they will land in different directions in the room4 ,the players1 as opportunity avails1 without leaving their places on the floor1 try to catch a ball and toss it in the same way to some other player4 ,it is not permissible to throw the ball at another player2 it must always be tossed in the air4 ,any player who does not catch the ball1 but instead is touched by it1 is dead 7out of the game71 and must sit down4 ,each player tosses the ball upward in some new direction as soon as he receives it4 ,this play continues until only one player remains standing1 who is considered the winner4 ,,dodgeball ,this is one of the most popular gymnasium or playground games4 ,it is here described first for an informal game2 then in three forms for an athletic contest1 the latter as developed by ,mr4 ,william ,a4 ,stecher2 and lastly1 for use in the schoolroom4 ,forms ,,ii1 ,,iii1 and ,,iv are for match games4 ,i4 ,dodgeball 7informal2 players not in teams74 ,,ii4 ,circle ,dodgeball 7one team forming a circle1 the other team standing within74 ,,iii4 ,double ,dodgeball 7two teams in a three-court field74 ,,iv4 ,progressive ,dodgeball 7three teams in a three-court field1 changing courts at the end of each inning74 ,v4 ,schoolroom ,dodgeball4 ,,dodgeball 7,informal7 #aj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,this game is a very popular gymnasium or playground game4 ,an informal mode of play is here described4 ,for match games between competing teams more strict athletic procedure is necessary1 and three such forms of the game follow4 ,the players are divided into two even groups4 ,one group forms a circle 7this need not be marked on the ground74 ,the larger the circle the more sport in the game4 ,the other group stands within the circle1 scattered promiscuously4 ,the object of the game is for the circle men to hit the center men with a basket ball1 the center men dodging to evade this4 ,they may jump1 stoop1 or resort to any means of dodging except leaving the ring4 ,any player hit on any part of his person at once joins the circle men4 ,the last player to remain in the center is considered the winner4 ,the groups as originally constituted then change places for the next game1 the center men becoming circle players and the circle men going to the center4 ,there is no retaliatory play of the ball by the center players2 they merely dodge it4 ,the ball is returned to the circle either by a toss from a center man or by a circle man stepping in for it if it should not roll or bound within reach4 ,when two center men are hit by one throw of the ball1 only the first one hit leaves the center4 ,,circle ,,dodgeball #aj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,,ground4--,a circle is drawn on the ground4 ,for practice play1 a temporary marking may most quickly be made by the players forming a circle1 dropping hands1 and each player then marking the arc of the circle in front of himself1 joining it to those of the adjacent players4 ,for match games the circle should be marked in advance and should be accurate1 and measure thirty-five feet in diameter4 ,,teams4--,any number of players may take part4 ,they are divided into two equal teams1 one of which stands around and outside of the circle2 the other team is grouped promiscuously within the circle4 ,there are no officers of the teams1 but for match games a referee is necessary1 who should also act as score keeper4 ,,object ,,of ,,game4--,the object of the game is for the outer or circle team to hit the players of the inner team with a basket ball1 any player so hit being out and having to leave the game4 ,with one slight exception1 explained farther on1 only the inner players score1 and this on the basis of the number of players left in the circle when time limits are called4 ,there is no retaliatory play from the inner team4 ,,start4--,the game starts on a signal from the referee with the ball in the hands of the outer circle4 ,the referee blows his whistle for play to cease whenever an inner player is fairly touched with the ball1 and again for play to resume4 ,he also signals for time limits explained under ,score4 ,,rules ,,and ,,points ,,of ,,play4--,the players in the outer team must not step within the circle when throwing4 ,a center player hit by such a throw is not out4 ,a ball that does not hit a center player is usually recovered by the outer circle by rolling or otherwise making its own way to the opposite side of the circle4 ,if a ball remains in the circle or rebounds into it1 one of the outer team may run in to get it4 ,he may throw it while within the circle to one of his teamsmen who is in place outside the circle2 or he may return with it to his own place and throw from there2 but he may not throw at one of the inner players while himself within the circle4 ,the inner team does not play the ball3 it only dodges the ball4 ,any tactics may be used for this except leaving the ring4 ,the dodging may be done by stepping quickly in one direction or another1 by twisting1 stooping1 jumping1 or any other methods that suggest themselves4 ,a player of the inner team hit on any part of his person or clothing by a ball is out4 ,this may be either from the ball on the fly or on a bounce1 or rolling4 ,only one player may be put out for one throw of the ball4 ,should two players be hit by one throw of the ball1 the first one touched by the ball is the one to go out4 ,when a player is hit1 the referee blows his whistle1 the play ceases1 and the player hit quickly leaves the circle4 ,the referee blows his whistle again for the play to resume2 but should the hit player not then have left the circle so that he may be hit a second time1 such a second hit scores one point for the opponents4 ,,score4--,the game is played in two halves of ten minutes each1 the teams changing places at the end of the first half4 ,the main scoring is done by the inner team1 which scores one point for each player left within the circle at the end of its half4 ,the only other scoring is by the outer team whenever a player is hit a second time before leaving the circle1 each such hit scoring one point for the throwing party4 ,the team wins which at the end of the second half has the highest score from these two sources together4 ,the game as here given was developed by ,mr4 ,william ,a4 ,stecher4 ,,double ,,dodgeball #bj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,the game is played by two opposing teams in a three-court field1 instead of by three teams in such a field as in ,progressive ,dodgeball4 ,one team takes its place in the center court1 and the opposing team is equally divided1 one half going to each of the end courts4 ,the teams must be of equal numbers1 and for match games have sixteen players on each4 ,the game is played in two halves of ten minutes or less each4 ,at the end of the first half the teams change courts4 ,the rules for play are exactly the same as for ,progressive ,dodgeball4 ,the main difference in the games is in the smaller number of opponents in the end courts4 ,this game was devised by ,mr4 ,william ,a4 ,stecher ,,progressive ,,dodgeball #ae to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,,ground4--,the ground is divided into three equal courts1 each #cj #cj feet4 ,the end courts may be shorter if full space be not available4 ,illustration ,diagram3 ,,progressive ,,dodgeball ,,teams4--,the players are divided into three equal teams1 which for convenience may be designated by colors1 ,red1 ,white1 and ,blue4 ,there are no officers for the teams1 but one referee for the game1 who should also act as score keeper1 is desirable1 and for match games necessary4 ,at the opening of the game the two outer teams line up1 each on its inner boundary line1 each player standing with one foot on the line4 ,the center team is grouped promiscuously near the middle of the center court4 ,the teams change courts at the end of each inning1 and the formation or line-up just described is resumed at the opening of each inning4 ,,object ,,of ,,the ,,game4--,the game consists in hitting players with a flying ball 7not a bounce71 any player so hit being out and leaving the field4 ,for this purpose the two end teams play against the center team 7but not against each other72 and the center team also plays the ball in a retaliatory or aggressive game1 trying to hit players on either of the end teams4 ,,start4--,the game is played in three innings1 each of five or more minutes' duration4 ,each inning begins with the teams in the formation shown in the diagram and described under ,teams1 except that the different teams will be in different courts for each inning4 ,the referee puts the ball in play by tossing it to the center team 7say the ,whites1 as shown in the diagram71 and at the same time blows his whistle as a signal for the game to open4 ,the referee also blows his whistle whenever a player is hit so as to be out 7i4e4 hit by a ball on the fly1 not on a bounce74 ,the hit player at once leaves the field1 and play is resumed by the referee's whistle and tossing of the ball to the center team as at the beginning4 ,the referee also calls time for the close of innings4 ,after the ball has been put regularly in play1 teams may only secure the ball when it is dead1 i4e4 when it has not just been played by an opponent1 but has stopped1 rolled1 or bounced into its own court4 ,,rules ,,and ,,points ,,of ,,play4--,after the referee has put the ball in play by tossing it to the center team1 the player catching it runs to either the left or right boundary line of his field and throws the ball at one of the opposing players 7,red or ,blue74 ,these players1 meanwhile1 immediately upon hearing the whistle to start1 should have run toward the rear of their respective courts to lessen the chances of being hit4 ,should the ,white player succeed in hitting a player on the ,red or ,blue team1 the referee's whistle is blown1 the hit player leaves the field1 and the game starts over again as at the beginning4 ,should the ,white player fail to hit one of the opponents1 the latter try1 in turn1 to secure the ball before it rebounds or rolls back into the center court4 ,the player who gets it either runs up to the boundary line and throws at the ,whites1 or passes the ball to some other player of his own team who does this4 ,the ,whites naturally scatter to the farther boundary line of their court to avoid being hit4 ,should the ball fail to hit a ,white player1 it is most likely to go entirely across to the ,blue court1 where one of the ,blue team should catch it1 and in turn try to hit the ,whites4 ,illustration ,diagram3 ,,score ,,card ,,for ,,progressive ,,dodgeball ,,white ,,team ,,wins ,the end teams 7in this case ,red and ,blue7 play against the center 7,white71 but not against each other4 ,the center team plays against both end teams4 ,thus1 a player in either of the end teams may be hit by a player on the center team1 but it is not a part of the game for these end teams to try to hit each other4 ,a ball thrown by either end team across the center court may be caught1 however1 by a player on the opposite end4 ,a player is not out if hit by a ball that rebounds1 whether from the floor1 another player1 a wall1 or any other object4 ,a player is not out if the thrower of the ball overstepped the boundary lines while throwing4 ,the only kind of a hit that puts a player out is one from a ball on the fly thrown from behind a boundary line4 ,players may dodge in any way they choose1 but a hit from a flying ball on any part of the person or clothing puts a player out4 ,at the close of each inning 7of five or more minutes7 the teams progress or change courts in regular order1 from right to left4 ,that is1 the ,blue team moves to the center1 the ,white team to the left court1 and the ,red team to the right court4 ,for the third inning another change is made in the same direction1 the ,reds going to the center1 the ,blues to the left court1 and the ,whites to the right court4 ,thus1 in the three innings each team will have played in each court4 ,when a new inning is started and the teams change courts1 all players who have been hit and are out return to their teams4 ,each inning begins1 therefore1 with full teams4 ,,score4--,a score is made for each team for each of the three innings1 and consists of a count of the players who have been hit 7put out7 during the inning4 ,the team wins which at the close of the three innings has the smallest score2 that is1 has had the smallest number of players hit4 ,it adds much to the interest of a game to have the score posted on a bulletin in sight of the players4 ,but whether on a bulletin or card1 the accompanying form is desirable4 ,this game was devised and developed by ,mr4 ,william ,a4 ,stecher4 ,,schoolroom ,,dodgeball #aj to #fj players4 ,gas ,ball4 ,the players are evenly divided into two teams4 ,one team takes its place around the outer edge of the room2 the players of the other team scatter through the aisles or seats1 which latter should be turned up if possible4 ,the outer team tries to hit the inner team with the ball1 any player so hit taking his place in the outer team and joining in its play4 ,the player who remains longest in the center is considered to have won4 ,only a hit from a ball on the fly counts4 ,a hit from a bounce does not put a player out4 ,if a ball touches any part of the clothing or person1 it is considered a hit4 ,if two players are hit by the same throw1 only the first one hit is considered out4 ,players may dodge the ball in any way4 ,the ball is returned to the circle players by a toss from one of the inner team1 should it be out of reach of any player of the circle team4 ,if desired1 the hit players may leave the game instead of joining the outer circle4 ,this leaves the teams intact1 and each then keeps a separate score4 ,if successive games be played1 the teams change places1 the inner players going to the circle1 and vice versa4 ,the game may then be played in innings if desired1 each team to be given three minutes in the circle4 ,one point is then scored against a team while in the center for every player hit1 and the team wins which has the smallest score at the end4 ,,double ,,corner ,,ball #ad to #ajj players4 ,gymnasium2 playground4 #b basket balls4 ,this game is one of the comparatively few in which a large number of players may be kept actively engaged at the same time4 ,the game was developed by ,miss ,caroline ,m4 ,wollaston of ,new ,york ,city1 through whose kindness it is here given4 ,there are practically two games going on at once1 in which each player participates in rotation4 ,,ground4--,the ground for this game should be outlined in a square measuring about forty by forty feet4 ,in each corner is marked a small goal1 the two goals at one end belonging to one team1 say the ,blues1 and the two goals at the other end belonging to the opposing1 or ,red1 team4 ,near the center are marked two small circular goals for the throwers of the different teams4 ,the thrower for the ,red team stands in the center goal farthest removed from the red corners2 the thrower for the ,blue team in the goal farthest removed from the ,blue corners4 ,two basket balls are needed for the game4 ,,teams4--,any number of players1 from fourteen to one hundred1 may play4 ,these are divided into two teams4 ,while it is advisable to have the two teams even in numbers1 an odd player may be assigned to either team4 ,each team chooses its own captain4 ,each captain selects two goal keepers1 players who can jump and catch well being best for this position4 ,these two goal keepers are assigned to goals at the same end of the ground1 each being guarded by guards from the opposite team4 ,if desired1 a halt may be called during the game1 and the goal keepers changed for others designated by the captain4 ,this is sometimes desirable to rest players filling this arduous position1 and sometimes for the purpose of distributing among the players opportunities for this kind of play4 ,the remaining players are guards1 and are divided by the captain into two parties1 one for each of the opponents' corner goals4 ,the following method has been found to work quickly and well for this purpose3 ,the captain lines up his players and numbers them1 taking any number that he chooses for himself4 ,those having odd numbers are sent to guard one goal1 and those having even numbers to guard the other goal4 ,each guard should remember well his number1 as there is a constant rotation of players according to number4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,double ,,corner ,,ball ,,objects ,,of ,,game4--,the first object of the game is for a thrower on the center base to throw a ball to one of the corner goal men of his own team2 each ball so caught by the goal keeper scores4 ,one very distinctive feature of this game is the fact that each guard becomes1 in turn1 thrower for his team4 ,another object of the game is for the guards to prevent the corner goal men from catching the ball4 ,this is not only for defensive play1 to prevent the opponents from scoring1 but has a positive value1 there being a separate guard score1 each ball that a guard catches and holds scoring for his team4 ,this scoring for catches by the guards has the advantage of calling for especially active work from the guards1 with much jumping in it1 and leads to skillful play for catching the ball so as to hold it instead of merely touching it4 ,,start4--,the game starts with ,number ,one of each team in his respective throwing base in the center1 the guards being disposed in one or two ranks around the goals they are to guard4 ,each center baseman holds a ball1 which he puts in play at the referee's whistle1 or other signal1 by throwing to one of the corner goal keepers of his team4 ,each guard1 as he becomes thrower1 throws only to the corner on his side of the field4 ,for instance1 the guards bearing odd numbers being on the right side of the field1 when player ,number ,one throws from the center base1 he will throw to the corner man on the right4 ,similarly1 when player ,number ,two takes his turn at the throwing base1 he will throw to the corner goal on the left-hand side of the field1 as his party of guards are stationed at the left-hand side4 ,,rules ,,and ,,points ,,of ,,play4--,the game opens with guard ,number ,one in the center base1 ready to throw the ball to the corner4 ,each thrower has but one throw at a turn1 whether it be successful or not4 ,immediately that a thrower has tossed the ball1 he steps back to his place among the guards1 and the guard bearing the next number steps into the throwing base4 ,the players must keep their own watch for turns to do this1 and each should therefore observe at the opening of the game which guard bears the number next before his4 ,this will be a player in the opposite division of guards of his team1 as the odd numbers are guarding one corner and the even numbers another4 ,when each player of a team has thrown from a center base1 the numbers begin over again in regular rotation4 ,thus1 if ,number ,sixteen be the last thrower1 ,number ,one follows him4 ,whoever catches a ball thrown to a corner1 whether it be the corner goal keeper or one of the guards surrounding him1 throws the ball immediately back to the center base1 supposedly to the next player1 who should have stepped at once to the base when the previous thrower left it4 ,should this next player not have reached the center base in time to catch the ball1 he picks up the ball and throws it to the proper goal keeper2 but it behooves a player to be at the center base in time to catch a ball returned from a corner1 because every such catch scores4 ,a ball caught on the center base is1 of course1 a return ball from the corner to which a predecessor threw it1 and must be a fair throw1 whether sent by one of the opponents' guards or his own goal keeper4 ,it may make clearer the rotation of the play to illustrate as follows3 ,the game opens with ,number ,one ready on the center base belonging to his team4 ,his group of guards1 that is1 those bearing the odd numbers1 are guarding the corner behind him on the right-hand side of the field4 ,he therefore throws the ball on the referee's signal to the corner goal keeper for his team at the opposite end of the ground on the right-hand side4 ,immediately that he has thrown the ball1 he steps back among his group of guards bearing the odd numbers1 and ,number ,two of his team1 who belongs to the group of guards on the left-hand side of the field1 steps forward at once to the center base4 ,meanwhile1 the ball may have been caught by the goal keeper to whom it was thrown1 or by one of the guards surrounding him4 ,it is at once tossed back to the center base from which it came1 and ,number ,two guard should be there to catch it4 ,number ,two then throws the ball to the goal keeper for his team on the left-hand side of the ground4 ,whoever catches it at once throws it back to the same throwing base1 and ,number ,three should be there to receive it1 ,number ,two having returned to the ranks of his guards4 ,so the game goes on1 the guards each taking a turn at the throwing base1 and each throwing the ball to the corner goal keeper on his side of the field4 ,meanwhile1 the same sort of game is being played by the opposite team1 two balls being in play at once1 and each guard taking part in each game for each team1 according as he is guard around an opponent's corner goal or a thrower from the center base to his own goal men4 ,each goal keeper and thrower must keep one foot in his goal or base4 ,it is thus permissible for a goal keeper to step out of his goal with one foot1 or lean far out of the goal to catch the ball4 ,of course the best kind of a throw to a goal keeper is a high curved ball that will go over the heads of the guards and fall within his goal4 ,no guard may step within the goal he guards4 ,violation of the rules about overstepping territory constitutes a foul1 and scores for the opposing team4 ,very alert and rapid play is needed to make this game a success4 ,as one team 7,blues7 may play faster than the other 7,reds71 it is not necessary that ,number ,six of the ,red team and ,number ,six of the ,blue team1 for example1 should be on the center throwing bases at the same time4 ,the two games go on independently of each other4 ,,fouls4--,the overstepping of boundaries in ways not allowed by the rules score one for the opponents4 ,,score4--,a goal keeper scores one point for his team every time that he catches a ball which has not been touched by one of the guards around his goal4 ,a ball caught by a goal keeper after being touched by a guard does not score4 ,in addition to the score made by goal keepers1 a guards' score is kept1 each player counting the number of balls he catches and holds1 no matter where he be standing1 whether in his position as guard or in the center base from which he is to be thrower4 ,such a catch by a guard scores one point1 the guards reporting their points at the end of the game4 ,touching the ball does not score under any circumstances4 ,it must be caught and held4 ,fouls score for opponents1 as stated under ,fouls4 ,the score for the game for either side is the sum of all of the balls caught1 according to the above rules1 by the goal keepers and guards on that side4 ,the game is usually played on time limits of from twenty to forty minutes4 ,for experienced players1 scoring by guards may be omitted if desired4 ,the particular object of this feature is to encourage guards to expert work in catching the ball1 instead of merely interfering4 ,,double ,,dodgeball 7,see ,dodgeball7 ,illustration3 ,,drive ,,ball ,,drive ,,ball #aj to #cj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball2 volley ball4 ,this is one of the most interesting games for players beginning to care for team work4 ,the writer has known some boys to play the game persistently for several seasons in succession4 ,,ground4--,a court measuring from thirty to fifty feet in length by twenty to thirty in width is divided into two equal parts1 forming two courts1 each of which should be a little wider than it is long4 ,a goal about two by four feet is marked in the center rear of each court1 within the boundary lines4 ,it facilitates the game if the end of each court may be a wall or fence1 and thus make sort of a backstop behind the goal4 ,each court has bases marked at even distances over its surface1 wherein the different players stand4 ,these may be marked simply as a cross for a footmark1 or a small circle or square4 ,there is no particular arrangement for these1 the only object being to scatter the players1 no mass play being allowed in the game4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,drive ,,ball ,,players4--,the players1 of no stipulated number1 are divided into two equal teams4 ,each team appoints a captain1 who stands at the middle of the dividing line and is responsible for the discipline of his team2 a goal guard1 whose duty it is to keep the ball from the goal and who stands in the goal2 and from six to twelve players1 each assigned a certain spot marked as his territory and from which he may not move more than two feet4 ,,object ,,of ,,game4--,the object of the game is to throw the ball into the opponents' goal4 ,,start4--,the ball is put in play by being placed on the ground at the center of the dividing line between the two captains4 ,at a signal from an umpire1 each captain hits the ball with his fist4 ,the ball is thereafter kept moving rapidly back and forth from one court to the other1 hit always with the fist4 ,after being caught or otherwise stopped1 it should be bounced or thrown from one hand and hit with the fist4 ,,rules4--,no player may move more than two feet from the base assigned him4 ,at no time may players do mass work4 ,whenever a goal is made1 the ball is again started from the center by the two captains4 ,the goal guard may not step out of the goal1 even with one foot4 ,the ball must always be hit with the closed fist4 ,,fouls4--,it is a foul to kick the ball2 to hold it2 to throw it with both hands or in any way except by batting with the closed fist2 it is a foul to cross the dividing line4 ,each foul scores one point for the opposing team4 ,,score4--,whenever a ball touches the ground inside of a goal1 it scores two for the batting side4 ,fouls count for the opposing side1 as above stated4 ,the game is played in three rounds of fifteen minutes each1 with a rest of five minutes between4 ,the teams change courts for successive rounds4 ,the team wins which has the highest score at the end of the third round4 ,,emperor ,,ball 7,see ,captain ,ball--,,iv7 ,,end ,,ball 7,see ,appendix7 ,,fist ,,ball #f to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 parlor4 ,volley ball2 basket ball2 gas ball4 ,this game is very similar to ,volley ,ball1 but differs from that game in the fact that the ball is hit with the fist instead of the open hand2 that the ball may bound on the ground2 and that the general rules are simpler4 ,for large numbers two balls may be used1 as described at the end4 ,,ground4--,the ground should be1 if possible1 one hundred feet long and sixty feet wide1 with clearly defined boundaries4 ,across the center of the ground a rope or cord is stretched1 head high1 which divides the ground into two equal courts4 ,if desired1 each court may be divided into small squares1 one for each player1 to prevent mass play4 ,,players4--,the players are divided into two equal teams1 each of which scatters promiscuously over the court unless assigned to squares as described above4 ,the players in each team should be numbered consecutively to facilitate rotation in serving4 ,one officer will be needed to act as umpire and scorer4 ,,object ,,of ,,game4--,the object of the game is to send the ball back and forth across the stretched cord1 striking it only with the fist4 ,the game is defensive2 that is1 the scoring is done by one party when the opponents fail to return the ball or to keep it properly in play4 ,,start4--,the ball is put in play by a regular serve at the opening of the game1 after each point scored1 and after going out of play4 ,the players take turns in serving for their team1 being numbered before the game opens4 ,the sides alternate in serving after a score4 ,the player who serves the ball should stand at a central point ten feet from the dividing line1 and may serve the ball in two ways4 ,he may bound it and bat it with the fist over into the opponents' court1 or he may hold it above his head1 let go of it1 and as it falls serve it with his fist4 ,the ball must go over the line to be in play4 ,should a server fail in this1 the ball must be handed to the opposite side1 which then has a trial4 ,after a ball has otherwise gone out of play1 it is served anew by the side responsible for the failure4 ,,rules ,,and ,,points ,,of ,,play4--,the ball must cross into the opponents' court above the cord to score or be properly in play4 ,a ball to score its highest 7two points7 must be returned after a serve without bounding1 although any number of players may hit it or keep it in the air before sending it back over the line4 ,a ball may bound once before being returned and score less 7one point74 ,it is out of play if it bounds twice without being hit between the bounds4 ,several methods of play are permissible1 but the rule is invariable that the ball must always be hit with the closed fist1 and always from underneath1 except for sending it across the line4 ,it must reach the opponents' court from a blow and not from a bound4 ,either fist may be used in striking a ball1 but never both at once4 ,a player may dribble the ball in the air before batting it over the line to the opponents2 that is1 he may keep it in the air by hitting it from underneath with his closed fist 7nursing it7 until he is prepared to bat it with his fist4 ,a ball hit with the forearm is considered properly in play except for a service4 ,several players on one side may play on the ball before sending it into the opponents' court4 ,in doing this the ball may bounce once after every time it is hit with the fist4 ,a ball is out of play 7#a7 when it passes under the line or touches the line2 7#b7 when it touches the ground twice in succession without being hit between the bounds2 7#c7 when it touches the ground outside the boundaries from a blow2 7#d7 when it bounds out of boundaries4 ,whenever a ball is put out of play in these ways1 it is sent back to the side responsible for the failure1 and they must put it in play again4 ,whenever a side scores a point1 the ball must again be put into play with a regular serve1 the sides taking turns in this1 and each player on a side serving in turn4 ,,score4--,the score is made by both sides and is for returning the ball4 ,if returned to the opponents without touching the ground1 it counts two points for those returning it4 ,a ball which touches the ground once before being hit back over the line scores one point4 ,the game consists of twenty-five points4 ,after each game the two sides exchange courts4 ,,for ,,large ,,numbers it is very desirable to have two or more balls in play at once4 ,they are served simultaneously from opposite sides of the ground1 at the opening of the game4 ,there should be one score keeper for each ball4 ,,for ,,the ,,parlor4--,this game may be played in the parlor with a light gas ball measuring four or five inches in diameter1 or with a child's gas balloon4 ,the same rules apply as in other forms of the game4 ,,football ,,tag #e to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,football4 ,each of the players has three points at the beginning of the game4 ,the players are scattered promiscuously over the ground or gymnasium4 ,one player1 who is ,it1 has a football which he kicks lightly toward any other player1 the idea being to tag some other by mere touch of the ball4 ,any one so touched or tagged by the ball loses one of the three points with which he started1 and also becomes ,it1 trying in turn to kick the ball so it will tag one of his fellows4 ,there are no restrictions as to the moving about of players to evade the ball4 ,the latter must not be touched with the hands1 nor may it be kicked higher than the chests of the players4 ,any one infringing these rules loses one point for each offense1 and remains ,it until he successfully tags some one according to rules4 ,any player who loses his three points is out of the game1 and the player wins who remains longest in the field4 ,,hand ,,ball ,,drill 7,preliminary ,ball7 #a to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,hand ball2 bean bags4 ,when little children first begin to handle a ball the size of an ordinary hand ball1 the acquirement of skill in tossing and catching is not altogether easy4 ,experience with such children has shown that some preliminary drill is very desirable as a preparation for the ball games4 ,this drill may itself be done in the play spirit and made very interesting4 ,the various movements described may be general 7by the class in unison7 in time to music or counting2 or they may be done individually or with partners as indicated1 irrespective of the time in which other individuals or partners are working4 ,in the latter method the play may be competitive1 the pupils counting the number of times in which they bound or toss or catch without missing1 the one reaching the highest number winning4 ,it will be noted that the drill seeks to cultivate equal skill of both hands4 ,this is very desirable in many games and should be done aside from any theories as to the value of ambidexterity4 ,i4 ,,hand ,,ball ,,drill 7,,elementary7 ,a4 ,,bounding ,,individual ,,play #a4 ,bound1 and catch with both hands1 palms upward4 #b4 ,bound1 and catch with one hand 7right1 then left71 palm upward4 #c4 ,bound1 hit to rebound once1 and catch with one hand 7right1 then left71 palm upward4 #d4 ,bound1 and catch with one hand 7right1 then left71 the palm downward in catching 7dog snack74 #e4 ,bound1 hit to rebound twice1 or more times1 and catch with one hand 7right1 then left74 ,,with ,,partners 7,if there be many players they may stand in long ranks facing each other for these drills1 or in separate couples scattered promiscuously over the ground4 ,in either case they should begin with a comparatively short distance1 say of three feet1 between partners1 and gradually increase the distance47 #a4 ,bound to partner1 who will catch with both hands4 #b4 ,bound to partner1 who will catch with one hand 7right1 then left71 palm upward4 #c4 ,bound to partner1 who will catch with one hand 7right1 then left71 palm downward4 #d4 ,bound to partner1 who will return ball by hitting it for a rebound without catching it4 ,this may be kept up between the two indefinitely4 ,b4 ,,tossing ,,individual ,,play #a4 ,toss1 and catch ball with both hands4 #b4 ,toss1 and catch with one hand 7right1 then left71 palm upward4 #c4 ,toss1 and hit it to retoss in the air without catching 7right hand1 then left71 palm upward4 ,,with ,,partners #a4 ,toss ball to partner1 who will catch with both hands4 #b4 ,toss ball to partner1 who will catch with one hand 7right1 then left71 palm upward4 #c4 ,toss ball to partner1 who will catch with one hand 7right1 then left71 palm outward 7dog snack74 ,c4 ,,bounding ,,against ,,wall ,,individual ,,play #a4 ,throw ball upward against a wall1 allow it to bound once1 and catch with both hands4 #b4 ,throw ball against wall1 bound once1 and catch with one hand 7right1 then left71 palm upward4 #c4 ,throw against wall1 bound once1 and catch with one hand 7right1 then left71 palm downward4 #d4 ,throw against wall and catch without bounding on the ground with one hand 7right1 then left71 palm upward4 #e4 ,throw1 and catch without bounding on ground1 with one hand 7right1 then left71 palm outward4 ,,with ,,partners #a4 ,repeat the above throws against the wall1 the partner catching in each case as designated in the list4 ,,ii4 ,,hand ,,ball ,,drill 7,,advanced7 ,a4 ,,tossing ,,individual ,,play #a4 ,toss or throw the ball straight upward as high as possible2 catch it in one hand 7right1 then left71 with palm upward4 #b4 ,toss or throw the ball straight upward as high as possible2 catch it in one hand 7right1 then left71 palm outward 7dog snack74 #c4 ,hold out one arm1 say the left1 straight in front at shoulder level2 holding the ball in the right hand1 swing the right arm outward in a full circle2 toss the ball upward from under the outstretched arm1 and catch with the hand that threw1 palm outward4 #d4 ,repeat this throwing with the left hand1 holding out the right4 #e4 ,toss the ball sideways over one's own head1 and catch on the opposite side4 ,this is done as follows3 ,holding the ball in the right hand1 swing the right arm out sideways1 and from about shoulder level toss the ball over the head toward the left side4 ,catch it on the left side near shoulder level with the left hand1 palm upward or outward4 #f4 ,reverse1 tossing from the left hand and catching with the right4 #g4 ,toss the ball under the upraised knee as follows3 ,holding the ball in the right hand1 raise the right knee upward1 bent at an angle1 swing the right arm in circle outward1 and toss the ball upward from under the knee2 that is1 from the inner side of the leg2 catch with the hand that threw1 palm outward4 ,repeat with the left hand and knee4 #h4 ,throw the ball upward behind the back1 so that it comes forward over the opposite shoulder1 as follows3 ,holding the ball in the right hand1 circle the right arm outward1 bend the arm behind the back1 toss the ball upward over the left shoulder1 and catch it over the head or in front with the hand that threw1 palm outward4 ,reverse1 using the left arm and throwing over the right shoulder4 ,when this is first tried the ball may not be thrown very high or very well as to direction2 but it is a fascinating throw to practice and may soon be done with a high toss and very accurately4 ,,hand ,,football #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,,ground4--,the ground should be marked off with boundary lines1 which should inclose a space at least fifty feet long by twenty or twenty-five wide4 ,for expert players a much larger ground is desirable4 ,ten feet from the rear boundary line at either end of the field1 another line is drawn1 on which the players line up4 ,,players4--,the players are divided into two equal teams1 each of which selects a kicker for the ball4 ,there should also be one leader who serves for the two teams4 ,the kicker for each team stands five feet within his half of the ground measuring from the center1 and should be halfway between the two side boundary lines4 ,the rest of the players for each team line up on the line previously designated for that purpose4 ,the leader stands at one side of the field near a boundary line4 ,,object4--,the object of the game is to kick the ball over the heads of the opposing team4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,hand ,,football ,,start4--,the leader puts the ball in play by throwing it so it will touch the ground between the two kickers4 ,both kickers at once run for the ball and try to kick it over the heads of their opponents4 ,,rules ,,and ,,points ,,of ,,play4--,the players on the line-up may intercept the ball only with their hands4 ,they may not grasp or kick the ball1 but merely bat it with the hands4 ,at no time may they leave their places on the line4 ,,score4--,a point is scored whenever a kicker succeeds in sending the ball beyond his opponents' line-up4 ,players then exchange fields for the next round4 ,ten points win the game4 ,,home ,,run #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,gas balls or bean bags4 ,arrange the players so that all the rows are filled and the same number in each row4 ,no4 #a in each row has a bean bag or ball1 and at the word ,start6 stands and throws the bag or ball to ,no4 #b1 who also stands at the word ,start4 ,no4 #b throws it back to ,no4 #a and sits down while ,no4 #a throws the ball to ,no4 #c1 who stands up as soon as ,no4 #b is seated4 ,no4 #c throws it back to ,no4 #a and the game continues until ,no4 #a has thrown the ball to the last player in the row4 ,when ,no4 #a receives the ball from the last player1 he lays it down on the desk and runs to the seat of the last player1 while all players move up toward the front one seat4 ,no4 #b in the row then becomes ,no4 #a1 and tosses the ball as his predecessor did4 ,the game continues until the original ,no4 #a reaches his original place and calls ,home run6 thus scoring a point for his row and starts again4 ,the row scoring the most points during fifteen minutes becomes the winner4 ,this game was originated by ,miss ,amy ,a4 ,young of ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 and was submitted in a competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city in #aijf4 ,this game was one that received honorable mention1 and is here published by the kind permission of the author1 and of the ,girls' ,branch1 and of ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding ,brothers1 who publish the handbook in which the game first appeared4 ,,line ,,ball #aj to #fj or more players4 ,schoolroom4 ,gas balls2 bean bags4 ,for this game a line should be drawn on the floor across the front of the schoolroom1 a short distance in front of the blackboard4 ,one player from each row of seats takes his place toeing this line4 ,another line is drawn at the front of each aisle even with the edge of the front desks4 ,the game consists in a tossing of the ball from the leader on the forward line to different players1 who take their places in turn on the line at the head of the aisle4 ,each row of seats should contain an even number of players1 as the different lines compete with each other4 ,the first players in the rows rise from their seats on a given signal1 toe the line at the head of their aisle1 and catch the ball1 which should be tossed to them immediately by the leader who stands opposite4 ,this player quickly returns the ball to the leader by means of another toss1 and sits down at once4 ,his sitting is a signal for the player next behind him to run forward to the line1 catch the ball from the leader1 toss it back to the leader1 and reseat himself4 ,this continues until every player in the line has caught and returned the ball1 when the leader should return to his seat and hold the ball up at arm's length1 as a signal that his line has finished4 ,the line wins whose leader is the first to do this4 ,for a more advanced form of this game1 see ,home ,run4 ,,line ,,club ,,bowls 7,,double7 7,see also ,line ,club ,bowls 7,single72 ,center ,club ,bowls2 ,circle ,club ,bowls47 #b to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,hand ball2 bean bag2 ,indian clubs4 ,this game is like ,single ,club ,bowls1 except that the object of the play is to pass the ball or bean bag between a pair of upright ,indian clubs1 instead of trying to knock one over4 ,if there be a few players1 one pair of clubs is set up for each player1 with an interval between them two inches wider than the diameter of the ball that is used4 ,at from ten to twenty feet from the clubs a line is drawn on which the players stand to throw4 ,the players slide the bag over the floor or roll the ball2 all play at once1 each player scoring one if his ball or bag goes between the clubs without knocking them over4 ,the clubs are then put in order if displaced1 the balls or bags gathered up1 and the players return to the starting line and bowl again4 ,the player wins who first scores twenty-five or fifty1 as may be determined before the game opens4 ,where there is a large number of players1 the same form of play is used with the players in relay formation2 that is1 they should be divided into groups of equal numbers1 each group lining up in single file before the starting line1 and each member of the group bowling in turn4 ,the group or team with the highest score when all have bowled wins4 ,,line ,,club ,,bowls 7,,single7 7,see also ,line ,club ,bowls 7,double72 ,center ,club ,bowls2 ,circle ,club ,bowls47 #b to #fj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,basket ball2 hand ball2 bean bag2 ,indian club4 ,this game differs from ,double ,club ,bowls only in the object of the play4 ,in ,single ,club ,bowls the object is to knock over one ,indian club which stands alone4 ,in ,double ,club ,bowls the object is to bowl the ball or bean bag between two upright ,indian clubs without knocking them over4 ,any kind of ball or bean bag may be used for this game4 ,if there be few players1 one ,indian club is set up for each player1 all clubs being widely separated and on a given line4 ,at from ten to thirty feet from this club line a second line is drawn1 on which the players must stand to play4 ,the players all slide the bag over the floor or roll the ball1 at once1 each player scoring one when he knocks over his ,indian club4 ,the clubs are then replaced1 the balls or bags gathered up1 and the players return to the starting line and bowl again4 ,the player wins who first scores twenty-five or fifty1 as may be determined before the game opens4 ,where there is a large number of players1 the same form of play is used with the players in relay formation2 that is1 they should be divided into groups of equal numbers1 each group lining up in single file before the starting line1 and each member of a group bowling in turn for the club4 ,after each player has bowled1 he should replace the club and bring back the ball or bean bag to the next player4 ,in this form of the play it is not necessary for the different rows to throw simultaneously1 unless that be desired as a question of order or to facilitate the scoring4 ,the row or team which makes the highest score wins4 ,,line ,,zigzag 7,see ,zigzag ,games47 ,,mount ,,ball #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball2 hand ball4 ,this is a game of ball played by half of the players while mounted on the backs of the other players4 ,it is therefore desirable that the players be paired off so that the two in each pair should be of nearly equal weight and size4 ,the players form a circle in pairs4 ,to do this they line up two abreast1 each with his selected partner4 ,this double line then marches in circle1 halts1 and faces inward4 ,this will form two concentric circles4 ,there should be considerable space between couples2 in other words1 the circle should be rather large in comparison with the number of players4 ,it is then decided by a toss-up or otherwise which of the two circles shall first be ponies and which shall be riders4 ,the ponies bend forward from the hips1 pressing their hands against the knees1 or thighs just above the knees4 ,the knees should be stiff1 not bent4 ,the backs are thus bent forward and the riders mount1 straddling the shoulders of the players who are ponies4 ,the ball is put in play by being tossed from any player to another1 and the game consists on the part of the riders in trying to keep the ball in as active play as possible in a simple game of toss and catch1 and on the part of the ponies in trying to prevent the catching of the ball4 ,to do this the ponies must grow restive and turn around in any way they see fit1 but must not lose their general places in the circle4 ,when a rider fails to catch a ball1 all of the riders must at once dismount and run in any direction2 the pony belonging to the rider who missed the ball picks up the ball immediately1 and as soon as he has it calls ,halt6 ,all of the riders must then stand still1 and the player who holds the ball tries to hit his recent rider4 ,the rider aimed at may try to evade the ball by stooping or jumping1 but must not otherwise leave his place on the floor4 ,during this part of the play the other ponies remain in their position in the circle1 so that the one who is throwing the ball will not confuse them with the riders4 ,if the player 7pony7 who throws the ball at his dismounted rider succeeds in hitting him1 all of the ponies and riders exchange places1 the riders becoming ponies and the former ponies mounting them4 ,if the player aiming the ball at his dismounted rider does not succeed in hitting him1 the riders remount and the game goes on as before4 ,it is not permissible for a rider to hold a ball at any time1 no matter how difficult his position at the moment may be2 he must toss it at once4 ,it is well to have a leader1 whether one of the players or not1 who watches for mistakes1 gives the commands to mount and dismount1 and announces misses and hits4 ,this game was played by the ancient ,greeks1 and is found in various forms in many countries4 ,it is needless to say that it is one of the more strenuous games4 ,when properly played it contains great sport4 ,,nine-,,court ,,basket ,,ball #ah to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,this is one of the comparatively few games that gives a large amount of activity to a large number of players playing at the same time4 ,the game as here given is the invention of ,miss ,cora ,b4 ,clark and ,miss ,caroline ,m4 ,wollaston of ,new ,york ,city1 by whose kind permission the game is here printed4 ,it has proven to be a most popular and interesting game4 ,,ground4--,the playground or court should measure about forty by forty feet in outside dimensions1 the basket ball goals being placed at the usual height 7ten feet7 on opposite sides of the court4 ,one basket belongs to each team4 ,for instance1 the teams are designated as ,red and ,blue2 one basket belongs to the ,red team and the other to the ,blue team4 ,the ground is then further divided into nine even squares4 ,this may be done in any of the usual lining methods as described on page #cja4 ,the small squares are numbered in consecutive order around the outside1 starting in one corner2 the ninth one is in the center4 ,when players are learning the game it may be advisable to mark these numbers on the ground1 but for players familiar with the game this may be dispensed with4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,nine-,,court ,,basket ,,ball ,,teams4--,while from eighteen to sixty players may play this game at once1 eighteen makes the best playing number4 ,where there is a larger number it may be found best to divide them into two sets1 each set to play for ten minutes and then give place to the other1 and so on alternately4 ,the players are divided into two teams1 each with a captain4 ,the teams are chosen by the following method3 ,the players are lined up according to height and either by marching 7one to the right and one to the left7 or by numbering off 7the even numbers stepping out of the line7 are divided into two files standing side by side4 ,each file constitutes a team1 and each member of a team is paired off with the opponent standing in the file beside him4 ,by this method the two opponents forming a couple are of practically equal height4 ,the couples are numbered as they pair off1 the number indicating to which court they shall go for the opening of the game4 ,thus1 couple ,number ,one will go to the small court marked #a1 couple ,number ,two to the court marked #b1 etc4 ,should there be more than nine couples1 the tenth couple will go to court number #a1 the next couple to court number #b1 etc4 ,usually only one or two couples go to each small court1 but sometimes three or four couples must be so assigned1 to accommodate a large number of players4 ,where there are so many1 however1 it will be found best to divide the number into halves1 one half playing at a time1 as previously mentioned4 ,should there be an odd player 7without a partner71 he is placed in the center court 7number nine71 and remains there throughout the game4 ,a good leader1 however1 will see that some player changes off with this odd individual during the game4 ,it will thus be seen that each court contains an equal number of players of each team4 ,for instance1 if there be but two players in a court1 one of them belongs to the ,red team and the other to the ,blue team4 ,if there be four players in the court1 two of these belong to the ,red team and two to the ,blue team1 etc4 ,,objects ,,of ,,the ,,game4--,the objects of the game for each team are1 7#a7 to throw the ball into its own basket2 this may be done from any court in the diagram2 and 7#b7 to prevent the opponents from putting the ball into their basket4 ,one of the marked characteristics of this game is the constant change or progression in the position of players1 as every time that a goal is made with the ball the players all move to the next square or small court4 ,this is done in order to give each player an opportunity to play from all positions on the field4 ,this makes all-round players1 and gives the retiring1 less aggressive ones a fair share of the play4 ,it also prevents certain players having the most desirable positions throughout the game4 ,,start4--,the game is started by the teacher or referee tossing the ball in the air between two opposing players in court nine1 each facing his own basket4 ,each player tries to send the ball toward his own basket1 others playing upon the ball immediately4 ,,rules ,,and ,,points ,,of ,,play4--,the ball may be thrown for a basket from any of the courts4 ,in other words1 it is not necessary for the ball to be passed to a player in court two to be thrown for the red basket1 or to court six in order to be thrown to the blue basket1 though that may be a desirable play4 ,experience has shown1 however1 that when a player on the ,blue team is standing in one of the courts farthest away1 even in court two1 it is not usually wise to throw to court six by way of the center 7court nine71 as too much massing of players results4 ,the ,blue team player in court two will often find it better to throw the ball to a player of this team in court one or three1 and so on around the outer edge to court six2 although there is no rule to prevent throwing the ball wherever a player pleases4 ,as a general rule1 the more zigzag the path of the ball1 the more open the game4 ,short passes make a better game than long ones4 ,players must remain in their own small courts except when progressing4 ,it is optional1 however1 whether any penalty shall be attached to momentary stepping over the lines between small courts in the excitement of rapid catching and passing4 ,this point should be decided before the game opens1 and would probably be used only with experienced players4 ,no player may step over the outer boundary lines1 except to get the ball when it goes afield4 ,a throw for a basket made with even one foot outside of the outer boundary lines is a foul4 ,guarding is done by holding the hands or arms over the opponent's ball to hinder the aim1 but neither the ball nor the holder of it may be touched4 ,only one player is allowed to guard a thrower1 no matter how many players may be in the small court where the thrower stands4 ,the two opponents who first pair off at the opening of the game when places are assigned1 act thereafter as guards one to the other1 no other players being allowed to fill that office4 ,when two players have possession of a ball1 the one who touched it first has the right to it4 ,if this cannot be decided instantly1 the ball is thrown up between them as at the start of the game1 the nearest player tossing it4 ,for a good game this rule should be strictly enforced1 no discussion over the possession of a ball being allowed4 ,when the ball goes outside of the outer boundaries of the court1 only one player may go after it4 ,all of the players in the small court through which it left this boundary may start for it1 but the first one over the line continues and secures the ball4 ,players from other courts may not try to get a ball that thus goes afield4 ,when a ball has gone afield1 the player picking it up must throw it from the point where it is picked up to any court player4 ,no running or walking with the ball is allowed in thus returning the ball to the courts4 ,in playing on the ball1 no player is allowed to hold the ball or to run or walk with it4 ,a player may turn around quickly with the ball1 but must throw it at once4 ,a player transgressing these rules must give the ball to his opponents--that is1 to the opponent who has been paired off with him4 ,,fouls4--,no scoring is made on the fouls4 ,transgression of any of the rules given above is punished by giving the ball to the opponents1 the transgressor in each case giving it to the opponent paired off with him4 ,,score4--,a team scores one point each time that it makes a goal4 ,the game is played on time limits1 the team winning which has the highest score at the end4 ,where a large number of players is divided into two parties to take turns at playing1 the time limits for each are generally ten minutes2 with such rest intervals the two parties may play indefinitely4 ,where all of the players are engaged in one game the period may be anywhere from thirty to sixty minutes4 ,,over ,,and ,,under ,,relay #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,balls2 bean bags2 substitutes4 ,this game is a combination of ,arch ,ball and ,stride ,ball4 ,the players stand in two or more files1 the files containing an equal number of players4 ,the game is a passing relay1 the files competing against each other4 ,the leaders of each file have two balls1 bean bags1 or blackboard erasers4 ,at a signal1 a ball 7or whatever is used7 is passed back over the heads of the players until it reaches the last one in the line1 who keeps it4 ,the leader counts ten after the ball leaves his hands and at once passes back the second ball between his feet1 the players bending over to pass it along4 ,when this reaches the last player1 he runs forward with a ball in each hand and takes his place at the head of the line1 which moves back one place to give him room4 ,at once he passes one ball backward overhead1 counts ten1 and passes the other between his feet4 ,this continues until the original leader1 who has been gradually backing to the rear of the line1 reaches the front again1 carrying both balls4 ,the line wins whose leader first accomplishes this4 ,this game has some admirable exercise in it1 keeping the players bending and stretching alternately4 ,quick play should be encouraged4 ,when played in a schoolroom alternate aisles should be kept clear that the runners may use them in running to the front of the room4 ,,overtake #bj to #fj players4 #b balls or bean bags4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,,objects ,,of ,,game4--,this is a toss and catch game between a captain and the players of his team who are lined up around a square alternating with the players of an opposing team4 ,the objects of the game are 7#a7 to complete the round of tossing and catching quicker than the opponents2 7#b7 to overtake or outdistance the bag or ball which the opponents are tossing4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,overtake ,,formation4--,when played in a gymnasium1 a well-defined square should be marked1 around which the players take their places4 ,the size may vary with the number of players and their skill in throwing to and catching from the captain who stands in the center4 ,in the schoolroom the players stand around the room next the wall1 outside a line marked on the floor1 within which they may not go4 ,,teams4--,any number from twenty to sixty may play4 ,forty is an especially good number4 ,the players are evenly divided into two teams1 preferably designated by colors2 or the players of one team may each tie a handkerchief on one arm to distinguish them4 ,polo caps of a colored cheese cloth are a serviceable device4 ,if it be used in the schoolroom1 each player may easily keep such a cap in his or her desk4 ,corresponding colors for the two bean bags or balls are also desirable4 ,one player from each team is chosen for captain and stands in the center1 the two captains being side by side and moving around each other within a small circle drawn on the floor1 as becomes necessary for the shifting direction of the play4 ,the other players of each team are numbered consecutively1 and take their places alternately around the square1 the two ,numbers ,one standing opposite each other4 ,a referee is also desirable who should start the game1 announce score1 and award points to the opposing team when fouls are made4 ,the referee may act as scorer1 or1 if there be a separate scorer1 announce the points for scoring4 ,the referee should also pick up any dead 7dropped7 ball and toss it to the captain of the team4 ,,start4--,the game starts1 on a signal from the referee1 with the captains standing back to back in the center1 each facing the ,number ,one player of his team4 ,at the signal each captain tosses his ball to his ,number ,one1 who at once tosses it back to him2 the captain then tosses it to the next player of his team standing on ,number ,one's right1 and he tosses it back4 ,the play is thus continued around the entire square until the captain tosses it again to his ,number ,one1 which is called getting the ball home4 ,the two balls are thus being played around in the same direction1 following each other2 and one of the main features of the game is to have a ball overtake that of its opponents4 ,in the next inning or round the balls may follow in the opposite direction 7to the left74 ,,rules ,,and ,,points ,,of ,,play4--,players may lunge or fall out when tossing or catching1 if one foot be left without the boundary4 ,players may stoop or jump to catch a low or high ball1 but may not advance beyond the boundary4 ,one or both hands may be used in tossing or catching4 ,a dropped ball is returned to play by the referee1 who tosses it to the captain4 ,if a captain drops a ball or bag three times1 he changes places with ,number ,one player of his team2 this captain1 failing three times1 changes with ,number ,two1 and so on4 ,every ball dropped scores for the opponents1 as stated under ,score4 ,an opponent may interfere1 but with one hand only4 ,,fouls4--,it is a foul-- a4 ,to use the arms in any way to interfere with a player who does not hold the ball4 b4 ,to grasp the clothing or person of an opponent4 c4 ,to use both hands for interfering4 d4 ,to drop the ball4 e4 ,to send the ball afield4 ,all fouls are penalized by the opponents' scoring one point1 except for a ball that goes afield 7outside the boundaries73 that scores two points for the opponents4 ,a ball dropped inside the boundaries scores one point for opponents4 ,,score4--,a ball which overtakes 7passes7 the opponents' ball scores five points4 ,the ball that first makes the circuit and gets back to ,number ,one player of its team1 or home1 scores two points4 ,fouls score one point for the opponent1 except when a ball goes afield1 which scores two points for the opponents4 ,the game is won on a score of ten points4 ,this game was originated and copyrighted by ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,r4 ,walton1 of ,washington1 ,d4,c4 ,it received honorable mention in a competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city in #aijf4 ,it is here published by the kind permission of its author4 ,,pass ,,ball ,,relay #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,any number of teams may compete1 but should contain an equal number of players4 ,the teams line up in single file1 and the game consists in a competition between them in passing a basket ball backward overhead1 followed by a short run for each player in turn4 ,a starting line is drawn across the playing space1 behind which the teams line up4 ,the players in a team must not stand close enough together to touch4 ,an objective point or goal1 such as a basket1 is placed in front of each team at a good running distance1--at least fifty or seventy-five feet if the space admits of it4 ,on an athletic field a player not on the team may be stationed to serve as this objective point4 ,good form at the opening of the game calls for the teams to be lined up with the balls resting on the ground in front of the first players4 ,on the starter's signal1 ,on your mark6 the first players toe the starting line with both feet2 on the next signal1 ,get ready6 they raise the balls overhead1 but not to be touched by the next players until put in play on the final signal4 ,when the starter says ,go6 the first player hands the ball backward overhead to the next player1 and each one in turn passes it in a similar way down the line4 ,when the last player receives the ball1 he runs forward with it around the goal1 returns1 and passes it to the player at the head of the line1 when it again travels backward to the rear as before4 ,a returning player may hand the ball to the front player1 either facing him or turning with his back to him and passing the ball overhead2 but he may not toss it to him4 ,a returning player takes his place at the head of the line1 toeing the line1 the file moving backward one step to make room for him4 ,the original leader of the line will thus move gradually backward until he is at the rear of the file2 he will be the last runner forward1 and should be plainly marked with a sash diagonally across the breast to aid the judges in distinguishing him4 ,when he receives the ball1 he runs forward with it around the goal like his predecessors1 but on his return1 instead of lining up and passing the ball backward1 dashes with it over the finish line4 ,the finish line should be a tape 7strand of worsted7 stretched parallel with the starting line1 but three feet to the rear of the files4 ,should the playing space not admit of this1 the starting line may be used as a finish line4 ,should the ball be dropped as it is passed down the line1 the player next behind the one who last touched it must leave his place in the line1 pick up the ball1 return1 and put it in play from where it left the line4 ,if so rectified1 this dropping of the ball does not score as a foul4 ,there should be a judge of fouls for each team and two judges at the finish4 ,one foul is scored against a team for-- #a4 ,every player who does not touch the ball as it is passed backward4 #b4 ,every player 7except a returning player7 who turns to face the next one and hand the ball instead of passing it backward overhead4 #c4 ,a returning player tossing the ball to the head of the file4 #d4 ,the head player standing forward of the starting line4 #e4 ,a runner touching the goal as he encircles it4 ,the teams win in the order of finishing if there be no fouls4 ,one foul disqualifies a team unless the competing teams have made an equal or greater number of fouls4 ,in such a case the teams win in the order of finishing1 plus consideration of the smallest record on fouls4 ,a team finishing second1 for example1 with no fouls1 would win over a team finishing first with one or more fouls4 ,teams ,order of ,finishing ,number of ,fouls ,order of ,winning ,a #a #c ,b #d #b ,third place ,c #b #b ,second place ,d #c #j ,first place ,these rules are used by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york4 ,,pig ,,in ,a ,,hole #aj to #fj players4 ,playground2 seashore2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,pig ,,in ,a ,,hole ,each player should be provided with a stick about three feet long4 ,this may be made by whittling branches1 or a gymnasium wand or piece of broomstick may be used4 ,a hole is dug in the ground measuring twelve or fifteen inches in diameter4 ,all of the players but one stand in a circle around this1 with several feet between each two players so that they may move freely4 ,each player digs a small hole in the ground in front of his place in the circle1 the hole to measure about four inches in diameter4 ,the game is played with a basket ball1 although a smaller ball may be used1 in which case the center hole need not be quite so large1 though it should be somewhat larger than the ball used4 ,the game consists in the odd player trying 7#a7 to get the ball 7the pig7 into the center hole with his stick1 which all of the other players will try to prevent2 and 7#b7 the odd player trying to be released from his position by placing the end of his stick in one of the small holes belonging to one of the circle players1 which he can only do when the player in question has his own stick out of it4 ,the game starts by all of the players putting their sticks in the center hole under the ball4 ,they count1 ,one1 two1 three6 and on the last word all lift the ball with the sticks and then rush for the small holes1 each player placing the end of his stick in a hole4 ,as there is one less hole than the number of players1 one odd player will be left out4 ,it thereupon becomes his duty to drive the pig into the hole from whatever point it may have landed through the combined effort and toss with which the game opened4 ,the circle players try to prevent the pig getting into the hole by blocking its passage with their sticks4 ,they may not kick it or play upon it in any other way4 ,the odd player will try to ward off the interference of the sticks by clearing a way in front of the ball with his own4 ,the other players may leave their places at any time to block the passage of the ball2 but this is a dangerous thing to do1 for the odd player may at any moment leave his work with the ball and place his stick in one of the vacant holes4 ,it therefore behooves the circle players to leave their holes unguarded only when there is imminent danger of the ball entering the center hole from that side of the ring1 or when a good opportunity comes for aggressive play to drive the ball out of the ring1 which should also be one of their objects4 ,it is not necessary for a player to return to his own hole after having removed his stick from it4 ,any hole may be taken by any player1 and much of the interest of the game lies in the freedom with which players will move about and take chances in this way4 ,if the driver succeeds in getting his pig in the center hole1 he is considered to have won1 and the game begins again4 ,should the driver succeed in placing his stick in an unoccupied hole in the circle1 the odd player thus left out must become driver4 ,,for ,,the ,,gymnasium4--,this game may be adapted to the gymnasium by drawing chalk circles in place of those that would be dug in the ground out of doors4 ,the same rules apply for the game1 which may be played either with a basket ball or a bean bag4 ,this game is found in many countries4 ,several of the forms of play here given are from the ,chinese4 ,it is an old traditional game in ,england and popular there to-day4 ,,progressive ,,captain ,,ball 7,see ,captain ,ball ,v47 ,,progressive ,,dodgeball 7,see ,dodgeball47 ,,ring ,,call ,,ball 7,see also ,call ,ball47 #aj to #cj or more players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,hand ball2 bean bag4 ,this game is similar in some respects to ,call ,ball1 but being played in a circle formation1 is much simpler and less difficult and exciting1 being suited particularly to younger players4 ,the players form a circle1 with one in the center1 who throws a ball in the air1 at the same time calling the name of one of the circle players4 ,the one called must run forward and catch the ball before it bounds more than once4 ,if he catches it1 he returns to the circle4 ,if he does not catch it1 he changes places with the thrower4 ,,roley ,,poley 7,hat ,ball7 #e to #bj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,hand ball2 bean bag4 ,a row of holes three or four inches in diameter is made in the ground1 with about one foot space between4 ,there should be one hole less than the number of players4 ,boys' caps may be placed in a similar row instead of digging holes4 ,parallel with the row of holes1 and about twenty feet away from it1 a base line is drawn4 ,a pile of pebbles 7called babies7 should be collected before the game begins4 ,illustration3 ,,ball ,,game ,,on ,,the ,,roof ,,playground ,,of ,a ,,public ,,school ,the game consists primarily of rolling a ball into one of the holes or caps1 followed by ball tag1 and a scoring with the pebbles4 ,the players stand each a little distance behind a hole except one1 who is chosen to be the first roller4 ,he rolls the ball from the base line into one of the holes or caps4 ,immediately he and all of the players except the one into whose hole the ball has fallen1 run1 scattering in any direction4 ,the one to whose lot the ball has fallen lifts the ball as quickly as possible1 calling ,stand6 as soon as he has it in his hand4 ,the running players must halt when they hear this order1 and the one who holds the ball tries to hit one of them with it from where he stands4 ,if he succeeds in doing so1 one of the pebbles is put in the cap of the player who is hit4 ,should he miss hitting any one1 a pebble is put in his own cap4 ,should the player who tries to roll the ball into one of the holes or caps miss getting it in1 a pebble is put in his own cap1 and he makes other trials until he succeeds4 ,when a player is hit by the ball1 he becomes roller1 and all of the others return to their places4 ,the game continues until one player gets six 7or ten7 stones 7babies7 in his hole or cap4 ,when this happens1 he must be court-martialed1 that is1 stand with his face against a wall or fence and let each player take three shots at him with the rubber ball1 the first time with the thrower's eyes closed and then with them open4 ,the distance of the throwers from the fence is determined by the victim's throwing the ball at the fence three times so it will rebound2 the farthest point to which the ball rebounds becomes the throwing line for the court-martialing4 ,if no fence or wall be available1 the throwing is done from an agreed distance at the back of the victim4 ,this game may be played by drawing a series of circles on the ground or floor in place of the holes or cap1 and sliding a bean bag into them4 ,this form is serviceable for a gymnasium4 ,,round ,,ball #bj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,hand ball2 basket ball4 ,this is an advanced form of ,circle ,ball1 there being two competing teams in a circle1 with wide spaces between4 ,the players form in a circle1 drop hands1 and step backward two paces to make an interval between players4 ,they number off in twos4 ,the first ,number ,one is captain for the ,ones1 and the first ,number ,two is captain for the ,twos4 ,each captain has a ball4 ,the game consists in throwing the ball around the circle1 the ball started by captain ,number ,one going only to the players of that number1 and the ball started by captain ,number ,two to the players who bear his number4 ,the party wins whose ball first completes the circle five times4 ,each time that the captain receives the ball he calls out a number corresponding to the number of times the ball has circulated1 ,one for the first time1 ,two for the second1 etc4 ,the play should be rapid4 ,any player dropping the ball must pick it up and throw in regular form4 ,the game may be varied by requiring different methods of throwing and catching1 such as catching with the right hand1 left hand1 both hands1 etc41 if a hand ball be used2 or throw from below1 above1 or pushing straight from the chest if a basket ball be used4 ,,russian ,,hole ,,ball #c to #aj players4 ,out of doors2 seashore2 snow4 ,ball2 bean bag2 stone4 ,this game is played with one small ball1 in size anywhere from that of a golf to a tennis ball4 ,if played in the snow1 a hard frozen snowball may be used1 or a stone will do4 ,a series of holes is made in the ground1 sand1 or snow1 large enough to contain the ball4 ,these holes are placed in a straight line1 one beyond the other1 about three feet apart1 there being as many holes as there are players4 ,all holes are numbered1 corresponding to the numbers of the players1 from one to ten1 or whatever the maximum may be4 ,about ten feet from the first hole1 and at right angles to the row1 a straight line is drawn on the ground1 behind which the players stand to throw4 ,the first player stands directly in line with the row of holes and throws for one of them4 ,this is a toss of the ball4 ,the ball scores for the player according to the number of the hole in which it falls1 and this number also designates the next player4 ,for instance1 if the ball falls in the third hole1 it scores three for the first player1 who at once gives place to ,number ,three1 who in turn has one throw4 ,should this ball fall in hole number five1 it scores five for this player1 and the fifth player will have the next turn4 ,the game may be played according to score1 the one first scoring twenty-five or fifty winning2 or it may be played according to time1 the one having the highest score at the end of fifteen or twenty minutes being the winner4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,russian ,,hole ,,ball ,this is one of the few games that may be adapted to the snow or to the damp sand of the seashore1 though it may be played anywhere out of doors where holes can be dug4 ,this game comes from the ,russian province of ,bessarabia1 which formerly belonged to ,turkey4 ,,schoolroom ,,dodgeball 7,see ,dodgeball47 ,,schoolroom ,,volley ,,ball #aj to #fj players4 ,gas ball4 ,the players are divided into two teams1 and the players in each team number consecutively4 ,a net or string is placed across the schoolroom1 dividing it into two equal parts4 ,the top should be six feet from the floor4 ,the game consists in batting the ball with the hand back and forth over the string1 a point being scored by either team whenever its opponents allow the ball to touch the floor4 ,the ball may be batted 7not thrown7 in any way1 but by only one hand at a time4 ,the players stand in the aisles1 each having a required place in which to stand4 ,the game starts by ,no4 #a on either side serving the ball1 that is1 tossing it up with the left hand1 and batting it with the right1 trying to get the ball over the net or string to the opposing side4 ,two fouls in succession 7failing to bat the ball over the net7 changes the serve to the other side2 otherwise1 the server continues until the ball is returned by the opposite side and not returned by the server's side4 ,when this happens1 the serve changes to ,no4 #a of team #b1 then to ,no4 #b of team #a1 then to ,no4 #b of #b1 etc4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,schoolroom ,,volley ,,ball ,the game continues until all players have served2 or the game may be played with time limits2 that is1 the team wins which has the highest score at the end of a ten-or fifteen-minute period4 ,every time that the ball touches the floor 7not a desk7 it scores against that side on which it falls1 counting one point for the opposing team1 irrespective of which team served the ball4 ,this schoolroom adaptation of ,volley ,ball was made by ,miss ,mabel ,l4 ,pray of ,toledo1 ,ohio1 and received honorable mention in a competition for schoolroom games conducted by the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city in #aijf4 ,the game is here published by kind permission of the author1 and of the ,girls' ,branch1 and of ,messrs4 ,a4 ,g4 ,spalding ,brothers1 publishers of the handbook in which the game first appeared4 ,,spud #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,any soft ball or bean bag4 ,this is a combination of ,call ,ball and ,ball ,tag1 with scoring and penalties added4 ,it is very popular with boys of almost any age4 ,the players stand in a group1 with one in the center holding the ball4 ,the center player drops the ball1 at the same time calling the name of one of the other players4 ,all but the one called immediately scatter1 as they are liable to be tagged with the ball4 ,the player called secures the ball as quickly as possible1 and tries to hit one of the other players with it4 ,he may not run to do this1 but must stand where he secured the ball4 ,if he misses1 he secures the ball1 stands where he gets it1 and tries again1 the other players fleeing from him as before4 ,if he hits a player1 that one immediately secures the ball1 tries to hit some one else with it1 the second one hit tries to hit a third1 and so on4 ,whenever a player misses hitting another with the ball1 it is called a spud1 and counts one against him4 ,when any player has three spuds against him1 he must stand twenty feet from the other players1 with his back to them1 and they each have one shot at him with the ball4 ,the victim then starts the play again from the center of the ground4 ,,square ,,ball #h to #cb players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,,ground4--,the ground is marked out in one large square with a base at each corner1 and1 should there be enough players1 with bases at intervening points along the line of the square4 ,,players4--,the players are divided into two equal parties1 one of which takes places on the bases at the corners or other points outlining the square2 the other party assembles in the center of the square and is on the defensive4 ,,object4--,the ball is thrown from one to another of the party on the bases1 always1 however1 following the lines of the square and not its diagonals4 ,the chief object of the game1 however1 is for this outer party to interrupt this circuit of the ball by suddenly throwing it so as to hit one of the center players4 ,the object of any center player who is hit is1 in his turn1 to hit with the ball any member of the outer party1 who all turn and flee as soon as a center man is hit4 ,,points ,,of ,,play4--,the ball is started at any point among the outer party or basemen4 ,this party will use considerable finesse in throwing1 such as apparent attempts to throw the ball around the square1 thus misleading the center players as to their intention and taking them unaware when aiming for the center4 ,the more rapidly the ball is kept in motion the better4 ,the center party1 in their turn1 will find it advisable to scatter considerably1 which will diminish the chances of being hit4 ,they will also avoid proximity to any player in the outer party who happens to have the ball4 ,the center party will thus have to be very alert and keep moving considerably1 even when the ball is not directed at them4 ,the ball may be avoided by dodging1 jumping1 stooping1 or any other maneuver except by leaving the square4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,square ,,ball ,whenever a center player is hit by the ball1 the outer party are in danger of being hit in turn1 and must all run immediately in any direction to avoid this4 ,a center player who is hit picks up the ball as quickly as he can and calls ,halt6 ,when this call is heard the fleeing runners must stand still1 and the center player1 who now holds the ball1 tries to hit one of them with it4 ,,score4--,the scoring of the game is done entirely according to whether the center player hits or misses his opponent in this throw of the ball after he has called a halt4 ,every player thus hit scores one for the center party4 ,every throw made and missed under these circumstances scores one for the opponents or outside party4 ,the party wins which first scores twenty-five4 ,this game is also played without score1 any member of the outer party hit by a center man being obliged to join the center party4 ,in this form the game ends when all of the outer players have been so recruited4 ,,stool ,,ball #e to #bj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,hand ball4 ,a stool1 box1 or inverted pail is set in an open place1 and from ten to twenty feet away from this a throwing line is drawn4 ,one player is appointed stool defender1 and stands beside the stool4 ,it is well also to appoint a scorer and linesman1 to disqualify any players who cross the throwing line1 and one player to stand behind the stool defender and return the balls that may go afield4 ,the players1 in turn1 throw the ball from the throwing line in an effort to hit the stool4 ,the stool defender tries to prevent this by batting the ball away with his hand4 ,if the ball hits the stool1 the one who threw it changes places with the stool defender2 if the ball be batted by the defender and caught by another of the players1 the one catching it changes places with the stool defender4 ,the object of the stool defender should therefore be not only to hold his place by preventing the ball from hitting the stool1 but to bat it in such a way that the other players may not catch it4 ,this game has been very successfully adapted by adding scoring as a feature of it2 in which case any player hitting the stool with the ball1 or catching it when it is returned by the stool defender1 scores one point1 while the stool defender scores one for each time he successfully prevents the ball's hitting the stool4 ,the player wins who has the highest score at the end of the playing time4 ,this is one of the old games that has come down through centuries4 ,chronicles of ,queen ,elizabeth's reign tell of the ,earl of ,leicester and his train setting forth to play the game1 though it is supposed to have originated with the milkmaids and their milking stools4 ,in ,sussex the game is played with upright boards instead of a stool1 forming a wicket as in ,cricket4 ,it was formerly for women and girls as popular as the game of ,cricket for boys and men1 and the rules of play are quite similar4 ,,stride ,,ball 7,straddle ,club7 #aj to #ajj players4 ,playground or gymnasium4 ,any ball2 indian club2 bean bag4 ,the players are divided into two or more groups which compete against each other1 each having a ball4 ,each group stands in single file in leapfrog position1 feet wide apart to form a tunnel through which the ball is passed4 ,the first players 7captains7 of each file toe a line drawn across the ground1 and at a signal put the ball in play by passing it backward between the feet4 ,when players become expert1 one long shot will send the ball to the end of the line4 ,the other players may strike it to help it along as it passes them if it goes slowly4 ,should the ball stop1 or go out of bounds at any place1 the player before whom this occurs must put it in play again1 starting it between his feet4 ,when the ball reaches the rear of the file1 the last player runs with it to the front1 the line moving backward quickly one place to make room for him1 and immediately rolls the ball back again between the feet4 ,this is repeated until the captain is the last player4 ,he runs forward with the ball1 places it on a marked spot twenty feet in front of his line1 and returns to his place at the head of the file4 ,the file wins whose captain is first to return to his original position4 ,should there not be space for a point at which to leave the ball1 the game may be finished by the last player holding up the ball when it reaches the end of the line1 or by his running forward with it to the head of the line4 ,an ,indian club instead of a ball makes a much more skillful game1 the club being shoved over the ground1 neck first4 ,it is much more difficult to guide than a ball1 requires greater deliberation for a long shot1 and more easily stops or goes out of bounds4 ,a basket ball or smaller ball may be used4 ,this is one of the best games for training self-control under excitement1 as the precision needed for a long shot1 especially with the ,indian club1 is very difficult under the circumstances4 ,,ten ,,trips #f to #ba players4 ,playground4 ,baseball2 tennis ball4 ,this game is a competition between two or more teams1 and consists in rapid pitching and catching of a base or tennis ball by each team4 ,a team consists of three players1 two of whom stand a long throwing distance apart 7thirty yards or more71 with the third player 7,number ,one7 halfway between and on a line with them4 ,number ,one 7the pitcher7 starts the game on a signal by throwing the ball to one of the end players 7,number ,two72 he throws it over the head of the pitcher to the opposite end player 7,number ,three71 who throws it back again to ,number ,two1 and he makes the last throw1 sending it to the center player1 or pitcher1 ,number ,one1 from whom it started4 ,this is called one trip1 and the pitcher1 as he catches it1 calls out ,one6 or ,one trip6 and immediately begins the next round4 ,the players standing in the following order1 #b1 #a1 #c1 the order of the throwing is thus1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #b1 #a4 ,ten trips complete a game4 ,the competing teams stand in line sideways with the first team1 and the pitchers of all teams start at once on a signal4 ,the team wins which first completes ten trips4 ,any number of teams may play at once4 ,this game is very popular at ,williams ,college1 where it probably originated4 ,illustration3 ,,tether ,,ball ,by kind permission reprinted from ,spalding's ,athletic ,library ,,tether ,,ball #b to #h players4 ,out of doors4 ,this is one of the most delightful and vigorous games1 especially adapted to small playing space1 a plot twenty feet square being enough for it4 ,the paraphernalia for the game consists of a wooden pole placed upright1 so that it shall stand ten feet above the ground4 ,the pole must be embedded deeply enough to be perfectly firm during the strain of the play4 ,it will probably need to be about three feet below the surface4 ,a pole should measure seven and a half inches in circumference at the ground1 and should taper toward its upper end4 ,a black stripe should be painted around it six feet above the ground4 ,to the top of this pole a ball is attached by a stout linen cord or fishing line4 ,the ball should be preferably a tennis ball1 and should have a netted cover1 by means of which it is attached to the cord4 ,no metal should be used around it in any way4 ,the cover may be knotted or crocheted of heavy linen cord or fish line4 ,when hanging at rest1 the ball should be seven and a half feet from the top of the pole1 and two and a half feet from the ground4 ,the ball is played upon by tennis rackets in the hands of two players4 ,a tether-ball outfit1 consisting of pole1 ball1 cord1 and marking ropes1 with staples for the ground as hereinafter specified1 may be had for from three to four dollars1 the ball alone1 with cover and cord1 costing about seventy-five cents1 and the pole from one dollar to a dollar and a half4 ,it is particularly desirable to have the specially made ball and cord for this game1 but any of the paraphernalia may be improvised1 the pole being cut from a sapling1 and even the bats whittled from strips of thin board about the size of a shingle4 ,on the ground around the pole a circle should be drawn three feet in radius2 that is1 six feet in diameter4 ,a straight line twenty feet in length should bisect the circle to separate the territory for the players4 ,in addition to the circle and line1 two spots should be marked on the ground1 from which the ball is served4 ,these should be at the ends of an imaginary line crossing the first line at right angles1 and should be six feet from the pole1 one on each side of the ground4 ,where there are more than two players1 they are divided into two opposing groups1 each member of a team or group stepping forward1 in turn1 to play with the member of the opposite team4 ,only these two play upon the ball during one game4 ,the game consists1 on the part of one player1 in trying to wind the cord with the ball attached around the pole above the line by batting it with his tennis racket4 ,the opponent tries 7#a7 to interfere and reverse the action of the ball by batting it in the opposite direction1 and 7#b7 for his part to wind the ball around the pole in his direction4 ,the players toss rackets or resort to some other method of choosing sides of the ground4 ,the game starts with each player on his service point2 the player who lost in the toss for choice of ground has the first service4 ,the player who has the choice of ground has also the choice of direction in which to wind the ball4 ,the ball is then put in play by the server1 who may hit the ball but once4 ,should he fail to send it across the line with his first serve1 he loses his serve and the opposite player has the ball4 ,the players have each one strike at the ball in turn4 ,it is sometimes possible to send the ball so high and with so much force that it will wind around the pole in one stroke1 before the opponent can hit it with his racket4 ,of course such strokes should be the endeavor of both sides4 ,should a player fail to hit the ball1 the opponent has the next turn1 either on service or after the ball is once in play4 ,each player must keep entirely on his own side of the dividing line1 both with his feet1 his arms1 and his racket4 ,neither player may step on or over the circle about the pole4 ,if the string winds around the handle of a racket of one of the players1 it is a foul4 ,it is also a foul for the string to wind about the pole below the black mark1 and counts against the player in whose direction it is wound2 that is1 if it winds in the direction in which he is trying to send the ball4 ,penalty for transgression of any of the above rules 7fouls7 is allowing the opponent a free hit from his service mark4 ,when a ball is taken for service in this way1 if it has to be either wound or unwound on the pole a half turn1 so as to reach the other side1 it shall be unwound4 ,the game is won when the string has been entirely wound around the pole above the limit line4 ,when there are but two players1 the one wins who has the majority out of eleven games4 ,where there are more than two players1 the team wins which has the greatest number of games to its credit at the end of from two to five rounds1 as may be decided at the opening of the series4 ,,three ,,holes #b to #aj or more players4 ,out of doors2 seashore4 ,small ball4 ,this game is played by rolling a ball about the size of a golf ball into holes made in the ground4 ,three holes are made by spinning on the heel4 ,they should be in a straight line1 at a distance of from six to fifteen feet apart4 ,at the same distance from them and at right angles to them1 a line is drawn from which the players roll their balls4 ,the first player stands with his heel on the bowling line and rolls his ball into hole number one4 ,if successful1 he takes his ball out of the hole1 places his heel in the hole1 and rolls the ball to hole two4 ,if successful1 he repeats this play for hole three1 and then turns around and rolls the ball back again into hole two and then into hole one4 ,having done this1 he starts again at the line and rolls the ball successively into each of the three holes until he reaches number three a second time4 ,when this is accomplished1 he has won the game4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,three ,,holes ,the probabilities1 however1 are that the player will not succeed in making the holes so quickly as here described4 ,whenever a player's ball fails to get into a hole1 he leaves it where it lies and gives place to the next player4 ,the next player has the choice of aiming for the hole or for his antagonist's ball1 the latter being a desirable play if it lies in a position that makes a shorter roll than to his own4 ,having hit this ball1 he then rolls from that position to the hole4 ,should he fail to make either his opponent's ball or the hole1 his ball must lie where it stopped1 and the next player takes a turn4 ,a skillful player will be able to play on his antagonists' balls so as to serve his own in making short rolls between holes4 ,whether the play be interrupted by failures of different players or not1 the player wins who first rolls his ball up the line1 down again1 and back to the third hole1 as first described4 ,,toss ,,ball #aj to #fj players4 ,schoolroom4 ,gas ball2 bean bag4 ,this game should be played with a light gas ball or a bean bag1 which the teacher holds1 standing in the front of the room4 ,all of the players are seated4 ,the teacher throws the ball suddenly in any direction at any player1 who must stand at once to catch the ball and immediately toss it back to the teacher4 ,a player failing to catch the ball1 or catching it without standing1 has one point counted against him4 ,any player having failed in this way three times is out of the game and must take his place at one side of the room set apart for that purpose4 ,as the game progresses1 one outside row of seats or the rear row across the room may be reserved for the players out of the game1 other rows being added as needed4 ,this game may also be played with a pupil tossing the ball instead of the teacher4 ,any player failing to catch the ball1 or catching it while seated1 changes places with the thrower instead of being out of the game1 as when the teacher throws4 ,the thrower stands always in the front of the room4 ,both methods make a good game4 ,a large part of the interest of this game lies in the rapidity of the play and the unexpectedness with which the ball is thrown in any given direction4 ,,tree ,,ball #e to #ae or more players4 ,out of doors4 ,football2 hand ball2 bean bag4 ,this game is a form of ,ball ,tag1 and may be played with any light-weight football1 or with a bag or sack filled with leaves or grass4 ,each of the players but one chooses a tree1 as for the games ,puss in the ,corner or ,ball ,puss4 ,the object of the game for the odd player is 7#a7 to kick the ball so as to tag one of the tree men with it1 and 7#b7 to secure a tree for himself1 which he may do when no one else has it4 ,the object of the tree players should be not only to avoid the ball by dodging1 which may include running around the trees1 but they should also try to exchange places as frequently as possible1 their prowess in this way serving as an aggravation to the odd man4 ,the game should be played where there is not much undergrowth1 and under such conditions may be very lively and full of sport4 ,this game may also be played with a hand ball or bean bag4 ,this should be tossed instead of kicked4 ,the game differs from ,ball ,puss in that the players are tagged by the ball while at their stations instead of while changing4 ,,volley ,,ball 7,see also ,schoolroom ,volley ,ball47 #b to #cj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,volley ball4 ,this game consists in keeping a large ball in motion back and forth across a high net by striking it with the open palm4 ,the ball must not be allowed to touch the floor4 ,,ground4--,for large teams this game should be played on a ground measuring fifty feet long and twenty-five feet wide4 ,for smaller teams a smaller ground will answer4 ,a tennis net1 or net two feet wide1 preferably the latter1 is stretched across the center of the ground1 from side to side1 extending one or two feet beyond the boundaries on either side4 ,the upper edge should be from six feet six inches to seven feet six inches above the ground4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,volley ,,ball ,,players4--,any number of players up to thirty may play4 ,the players are evenly divided into two parties1 which scatter over their respective courts without special arrangement4 ,there is a captain for each side4 ,an umpire is desirable4 ,,object ,,of ,,the ,,game4--,the object of the game for each party is to keep the ball in lively play toward its opponents' court1 as each party scores only on its opponents' failures to return the ball or keep it in the air4 ,the ball is put in play by being served by the party which is to score4 ,the service of the ball1 and with it the privilege of scoring1 pass to the opponents according to the rules described hereinafter4 ,,start2 ,,rules ,,for ,,service4--,the ball is put in play by being served by a member of one side1 who should stand at the rear of his court with one foot on the rear boundary line and the other behind the line4 ,from this position the ball is tossed upward lightly from one hand and batted with the palm of the other hand toward or into the opponents' court4 ,each server has two trials in which to send the ball into the opponents' court4 ,the service being over a long course with a comparatively heavy ball1 the following privileges are allowed3 a served ball may be assisted on its course by any two other players on the server's side2 no player so assisting the ball on the serve may strike it more than twice in succession1 and the server under such circumstances may not strike it more than once2 but should the ball then fail to land in the opponents' court1 the server loses his second serve4 ,in serving1 the ball must be batted at least ten feet by the server before being touched by any other player on his side4 ,no dribbling is allowed in serving4 ,a successful server continues serving until his side allows the ball to touch the floor1 knocks it out of bounds1 or fails to return it to the opponents4 ,a server may also lose as follows3 ,if a returned ball hits a player on the server's side and bounces into the opponents' court1 it is considered in play4 ,if it hits such a player and does not bounce into the opponents' court1 the server is out1 losing his second trial4 ,if the ball hits the net during service1 it is counted a dead ball and loses the server one of his trials4 ,if a served ball falls outside the opponents' court1 the server loses his turn4 ,the players on a side take turns in serving4 ,,rules ,,of ,,play4--,the ball must always be batted with the open palm4 ,the ball should be returned by the opponents before it can strike the ground4 ,any number of players may strike the ball to send it across the net1 but no player may strike more than twice in succession4 ,having struck the ball twice1 a player may resume his play only after some other player has struck it4 ,the ball is thus volleyed back and forth across the net until one side fails to return it or allows it to touch the floor1 or until it goes out of bounds4 ,a ball is put out of play by hitting the net in returning after a serve4 ,a ball which bounds back into the court after striking any other object except the floor or ceiling is still in play4 ,it is permissible to strike the ball with both hands at once 7open palms74 ,if a player touches the net at any time1 the ball is thereby put out of play4 ,should this player be on the serving side1 his side loses the ball and it goes to the opponents4 ,should this player be on the receiving side1 the serving side scores one point4 ,should the net be touched simultaneously by opponents1 the ball is thereby put out of play and the serving side serves again4 ,no dribbling is allowed at any time through the game2 i4e4 no keeping the ball in the air by one player hitting it quickly and repeatedly4 ,in sending the ball across the net1 players should aim for an unprotected part of the opponents' court1 or try in other ways to place them at a disadvantage4 ,,score4--,this is entirely a defensive game1 the score being made on opponents' fouls and failures4 ,aside from fouls1 only the serving side scores4 ,a good serve unreturned scores one point for the serving side4 ,a point is similarly scored by the serving side at any time when the opponents fail to return a ball which is in play4 ,failure of the serving side to return a ball to the opponents' court merely puts them out2 that is1 the serve passes to the opponents1 but no score is made on the failure4 ,should a player touching the net be on the receiving side1 the serving side scores one point4 ,a ball sent under the net is out of play and counts against the side which last struck it1 their opponents scoring one point4 ,if the ball strikes any object outside the court and bounds back1 although it is still in play1 it counts against the side which struck it out1 their opponents scoring one point4 ,a ball sent out of bounds by the receiving side in returning a service scores one point for the serving side4 ,one point is scored for the opponents whenever a player catches the ball1 or holds it for even an instant4 ,the game consists of twenty-one points4 ,,wall ,,ball ,,drill 7,see also ,hand ,ball ,drill47 #b to #aj players4 ,out of doors2 gymnasium4 ,hand ball4 ,this drill consists in throwing a ball against a wall1 and catching it1 with the following variations4 ,it may be used for individual play1 or for competition between two players1 or as a game for large numbers4 ,when used for large numbers1 the players should be divided into several teams of equal numbers1 each player throwing in turn for as many feats as he can perform without failure1 each successful feat or play scoring one point for his team4 ,he gives place to the next player upon failing4 ,each play should be first performed by allowing the ball to bounce once on the ground before catching it2 later it should be caught without the bound4 #a4 ,throw the ball against the wall1 let it bounce once1 and catch it2 repeat this three times4 #b4 ,throw1 and clap hands three times before catching4 #c4 ,throw1 and twirl the hands around each other before catching4 #d4 ,throw1 and clap hands and touch the right shoulder4 #e4 ,throw1 clap hands1 and touch the left shoulder4 #f4 ,throw three times with the right hand and catch with the same hand4 #g4 ,throw three times with the left hand and catch with the same hand4 #h4 ,throw with the right hand and catch with the right with the palm downward 7knuckles up1 dog snack fashion74 #i4 ,throw with the left hand and catch with the left in the same manner as in #h4 #aj4 ,throw1 clap the hands1 touch the right knee1 and catch4 #aa4 ,throw1 clap the hands1 touch the left knee1 and catch4 #ab4 ,throw the ball2 clap the hands in front1 behind1 in front again1 and catch the ball4 #ac4 ,throw1 lift the right knee1 clap the hands under it1 and catch4 #ad4 ,throw1 lift the left knee1 clap the hands under1 and catch4 #ae4 ,throw1 turn around1 and catch4 ,,war #aj to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium4 ,basket ball4 ,two concentric circles are drawn at each end of the playground1 the size of the circles depending on the number of players4 ,when there are thirty on each side1 the diameter of the inner circle should be fifteen feet and that of the outer circle thirty feet4 ,the inner circle is the fortress1 and the space between the two circles is the trench4 ,behind each trench is drawn a prison ten feet square4 ,the rest of the floor is the battlefield4 ,the players are divided into two teams1 which take possession of the two fortresses4 ,then one side advances to attack the fortress of the other side4 ,the attacking party has a basket ball1 which represents ammunition4 ,the object is to throw the ball in such a way as to strike within the opponents' fortress4 ,the assailants surround the trench and pass the ball among themselves until a favorable opportunity offers for a well-directed shot4 ,by making this preliminary passing of the ball very rapid1 the enemy is confused as to the quarter from which the ball may be expected4 ,if one of the assailing party enters the enemy's trench1 he may be tagged1 and so become a prisoner1 being placed in the prison and therefore out of the play4 ,if the shot 7throw of the ball71 when finally made for the enemy's fortress1 be successful1 the assailing party scores one1 and all of its men who are held prisoners are set free4 ,the defending party during the attack stand within their trench or their fortress1 as they see fit1 and try to block the ball4 ,if at any time the ball falls into their hands1 they immediately rush out in an attack on the enemy's fortress at the opposite end of the ground1 and in transit may tag with the ball1 and so make prisoners of1 as many of the enemy as they can touch4 ,the enemy must therefore1 when a ball lands within its opponents' fortress1 flee immediately for the safety of its own fortress4 ,the attacking en route may be done either by throwing the ball or by touching the opponent with the ball held in hand2 but it may only be done with the ball and not with the hand alone4 ,when the opposite fortress has been reached1 the attacking party tries to throw the ball within it1 and the game goes on as before4 ,members of the defending party may at any time go outside of their trench to get the ball1 but run great risk of being made prisoners in doing so by having the ball thrown from the enemy so as to hit them4 ,when a ball is aimed for this purpose1 if the player at whom it is aimed touches or intercepts it in any way1 he is a prisoner4 ,of course he may dodge it4 ,each single point that is made is called a battle1 and the side that wins the greater number of battles within the time limit wins the game4 ,this game was originated by ,mr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,doldt1 and is here printed by kind permission of members of the ,alumni ,association of the ,boston ,normal ,school of ,gymnastics1 from their book1 ,one ,hundred and ,fifty ,gymnastic ,games4 ,,zigzag ,,games ,these games may be played with any kind of a ball or with bean bags4 ,there are several forms of ,zigzag ,ball4 ,the simpler forms are useful in getting young players or those unused to play accustomed to the skill of handling balls4 ,the more complicated forms make very lively games1 interesting to players of any age4 ,the different games are played in line and circle formation4 ,the main characteristics of the different line forms are as follows3-- 7#a7 ,the players are divided into groups of two ranks each1 each group forming a separate team4 ,the ball is zigzagged from one rank to another of a group without skipping any players4 ,the groups are competitive1 as in relay races4 7#b7 ,the players stand in groups of two lines each1 but these groups are composed of two different teams1 the alternate players of one rank and the alternate players of the opposite rank forming one team1 and the intervening players of the two ranks another4 7#c7 ,the players are divided into groups1 as in the first form1 each group consisting of one team arranged in two ranks which face each other1 but the ball is zigzagged by skipping every alternate player as it works its way to the end of the line in one direction1 and is tossed by these skipped players on its return to the front1 thus forming a double zigzag4 ,other forms of the game are also here given2 namely1 the ,circle ,zigzag1 and the ,zigzag ,overhead ,toss1 in which latter game the ball is tossed over the heads of intervening ranks1 the players of alternate ranks belonging to the same party4 ,in all of these forms the game may be made more lively and complicated by advancing from the use of one ball to that of two or more4 ,the kind of ball used will also make a great difference in the play1 anything from a bean bag to a basket ball or medicine ball being suitable4 ,where bean bags are used1 it is desirable to have different colored bags for the different teams4 ,,circle ,,zigzag #ab to #fj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,basket ball2 hand ball2 bean bag4 ,this is a game of zigzag ball 7or bean bag7 between concentric circles1 two balls being used1 going in opposite directions4 ,the players stand in two concentric circles1 facing each other1 each circle numbered by twos4 ,the first ,number ,one in the outer circle and the first ,number ,two in the inner circle have each a ball4 ,these are put in play at a signal1 the play consisting in throwing the balls backward and forward in a zigzag line from one circle to the other1 the ,numbers ,one in the inner circle throwing to the ,numbers ,one in the outer1 and ,numbers ,two in the inner to ,numbers ,two in the outer4 ,the inner circle should start its ball to the right2 the outer circle should start its ball to the left4 ,the ,number ,one party or the ,number ,two party wins according to which first completes the circle three times4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,circle ,,zigzag ,if desired1 the ,numbers ,one may each tie a handkerchief on one arm to distinguish them from the ,numbers ,two4 ,this game may be made more interesting and require much more alertness on the part of the players by putting more balls into play4 ,this may be done by the starters starting a second ball around the circle as soon as the first has reached the third player4 ,in this way several balls may be used at once4 ,as in all zigzag games1 each player should observe closely before the game begins from which player he is to catch the ball1 and to which player he is to throw4 ,this will facilitate the rapidity of the play1 a feature on which much of the sport depends4 ,for very young or unskilled players the action should be rather slow1 especially when the game is being learned4 ,,line ,,zigzag--,i #bj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,any ball2 bean bag4 ,the players are divided into two or more groups which compete against each other4 ,each group is divided into two ranks1 the players standing side by side1 with a distance of from two to five feet between each two players4 ,the ranks of a group face each other1 with a distance of five feet between them4 ,one rank should stand farther to the rear than its vis-a-vis1 so that each player is opposite a space instead of a player4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,line ,,zigzag--,i ,the first player in one rank of each group has a ball4 ,at a given signal this is thrown to the first player in the opposite rank4 ,this player throws it quickly to the second player of the first rank1 and so on in zigzag form to the end of the line1 where the ball is immediately sent back again in the same way to the front4 ,the group which first gets its ball back to the head wins4 ,when players have had a little practice with one ball1 two or more should be used1 the starters starting the second ball down the line as soon as the first ball has reached the third player4 ,where several balls are used in this way1 the last player of the line must hold the balls until all are received before starting them on their return journey4 ,,line ,,zigzag--,,ii #bj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,any ball2 bean bag4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,line ,,zigzag--,,ii ,in this form of zigzag ball the players are all in two ranks1 which comprise two competing teams1 rather than in groups of two ranks each1 as in the preceding game4 ,the players of one team alternate with the players of the opposing team in each of the two ranks4 ,the balls will cross in starting and repeatedly thereafter unless one should outdistance the other4 ,the players form in two ranks which face each other1 with five feet space between4 ,the players in each rank should be from two to five feet apart4 ,each rank numbers off in twos1 the first player of one rank starting with number one1 and the first player of the second rank starting with number two4 ,the players stand so as to face each other directly1 instead of facing a space between the players of the opposite rank1 as in the previous form of this game4 ,this will bring a ,number ,one facing a ,number ,two all the way down the ranks4 ,if desired1 the ,numbers ,one may each tie a handkerchief on one arm to designate them1 though this help to memory detracts much from the alertness demanded and cultivated by the game as well as from its sport1 and may be dispensed with after players have become slightly familiar with the game4 ,the first player in each rank holds a ball4 ,at a signal this is thrown to the first player of his own party in the opposite rank1 who as quickly as possible throws it to the second player of his party in the rank from which he received it1 etc4 ,for instance1 the starter who belongs to the ,number ,one team will throw to the first ,number ,one player opposite him2 this will be the second player in that rank4 ,he1 in turn1 will throw to the second ,number ,one player in the rank facing him2 this will be the third player in that rank4 ,in other words1 the ,number ,one party zigzags the ball between all of its members to the end of the line and back again to the front1 and simultaneously the ,number ,two party does the same thing with another ball4 ,the party wins whose ball first gets back to the front4 ,after some practice1 more than one ball may be used1 in which case the last player in each party will have to hold the balls until the last one is received before starting them on their return journey4 ,,line ,,zigzag--,,iii 7,double ,zigzag7 #bj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,any ball2 bean bag4 ,this form of zigzag ball is a combination of the two previously described4 ,the players are divided into groups which compete against each other4 ,each group is divided in turn into two ranks which stand facing each other at a distance of five feet1 the individual players being from two to five feet apart4 ,the players in each rank number off in twos1 beginning at the head with different numbers1 so that a ,number ,one in each rank will stand opposite a ,number ,two in the opposite rank4 ,one or more balls are used and are thrown to alternate players1 ,numbers ,one throwing to each other all down the line1 and the ,numbers ,two throwing to each other all the way back4 ,there should be nothing to distinguish the players from one another1 each being dependent on his own memory and alertness to know to whom he is to throw the ball and from whom he is to receive it4 ,the particular success of this game lies in having a very considerable number of balls in play at once4 ,in this form the balls do not have to accumulate at the foot of the lines before being returned to the head1 as the last ,number ,one player to receive the ball tosses it directly across to the last ,number ,two player1 who begins at once to zigzag it up the line4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,line ,,zigzag--,,iii ,the group wins which first succeeds in getting all of its balls back to the head of the line4 ,,zigzag ,,overhead ,,toss #bj to #ajj players4 ,playground2 gymnasium2 schoolroom4 ,hand ball2 basket ball2 bean bag4 ,this game is a variation of ,zigzag ,ball1 and is more difficult and interesting for older players4 ,the players are divided into two parties1 best distinguished by colors--say ,red and ,blue4 ,the two parties stand in even ranks alternately about five feet apart2 for instance1 the ,red party will form ranks one and three1 and will play together1 facing each other1 while the ,blue party will form ranks two and four1 which will face each other and play together4 ,the first player in each party has a ball which is put in play upon a signal by being tossed over the heads of the intervening rank to ,number ,one in the other rank of his party4 ,this player tosses the ball back to ,number ,two in the first rank1 and so the ball is tossed in zigzag form from one player to another in ranks of the same color until it reaches the end of the line1 when it is zigzagged back to the starting point in the same way4 ,this is all done over the heads of an intervening rank of the opposite color4 ,simultaneously the competing team is playing in the same way4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,zigzag ,,overhead ,,toss ,the party wins which first gets the ball back to the starting point4 ,with a large number of players the number of ranks may be increased beyond four if desired4 ,this game may be made more interesting and require much more alertness on the part of the players by putting more balls into play4 ,this may be done by the starters starting a second or more balls1 tossing down the line as soon as a predecessor has reached the third player4 ,when this is done1 the game is won 7a7 by the party whose last player at the foot of the line is first to receive the last ball2 or 7b7 the last player may accumulate the balls and return them to the front in reverse order1 the party winning which first gets its last ball back to the original starter4 ,,index ,,games ,,for ,,elementary ,,schools ,this grading of the games for schools indicates the lowest grade in which1 on an average1 a game is found to be suitable1 its use being intended in any succeeding grade also4 ,the so-called quiet games are not necessarily noiseless1 but are distinguished from the games in which there is running or much moving around4 ,most of the quiet games are intended for schoolroom use1 many of them for small groups that may assemble before the opening of a session4 #a;,a4 ,first ,year 7first half71 7#f-g years old74 ,playground ,,page ,duck ,dance1 ,the #bfd ,itisket1 ,itasket #bfh ,jack be ,nimble #aad ,kitty ,white #bgd ,looby ,loo #bhj ,muffin ,man #bhb ,mulberry ,bush #bhc ,railroad ,train #afd ,ringmaster #afg ,round and ,round went the ,gallant ,ship #agj ,slap ,jack #agh ,snail #bib ,squirrel in ,trees #ahe ,schoolroom ,,page ,cat and ,mice #ei ,changing ,seats--,i #fc ,did you ever see a ,lassie8 #bfa ,good ,morning #ii ,hide the ,thimble #ajd ,jack be ,nimble #aad ,looby ,loo #bhj ,muffin ,man #bhb ,mulberry ,bush #bhc ,railroad ,train #afd ,ringmaster #afg ,slap ,jack #agh ,squirrel and ,nut #ahd ,squirrel in ,trees #ahe #a;,b4 ,first ,year 7second half71 7#f-g years old74 ,playground ,,page ,charley over the ,water #fe ,crossing the ,brook #gd ,did you ever see a ,lassie8 #bfa ,do this1 ,do that #ge ,farmer in the ,dell #bfe ,jacob and ,rachel #aae ,kaleidoscope #abb ,leaves are ,green #bgf ,lost ,child1 ,the #acj ,round and ,round the ,village #bij ,teacher and ,class #caf ,schoolroom ,,page ,circle ,seat ,relay #ga ,crossing the ,brook #gd ,do this1 ,do that #ge ,farmer in the ,dell #bfe ,huckle1 ,buckle1 ,bean ,stalk #aji ,kaleidoscope #abb ,lost ,child1 ,the #acj ,round and ,round the ,village #bij ,teacher and ,class #caf #b;,a4 ,second ,year 7first half71 7#g-h years old74 ,playground ,,page ,bird ,catcher1 ,the #eb ,buying a ,lock #eh ,cat and ,rat #fj ,hand ,ball ,drill--,i 7,elementary7 #chj ,moon and ,morning ,stars #acc ,midnight #acc ,oats1 ,peas1 ,beans #bhg ,puss in the ,circle #afd ,ring ,call ,ball #cii ,wee ,bologna ,man #bjd ,schoolroom ,,page ,automobile ,race #dh ,bird ,catcher1 ,the #eb ,buying a ,lock #eh ,hand over ,head ,bean ,bag #caj ,hand ,ball ,drill--,i 7,elementary7 #chj ,oats1 ,peas1 ,beans #bhg ,wee ,bologna ,man #bjd #b;,b4 ,second ,year 7second half71 7#g-h years old74 ,playground ,,page ,bean ,bag ,board #cjd ,center ,catch ,ball #cee ,circle ,ball #cef ,drop the ,handkerchief #hj ,flowers and the ,wind1 ,the #hg ,frog in the ,middle #if ,hunting #bfg ,let the ,feet go ,tramp #bgf ,letting out the ,doves #abi ,london ,bridge #bgh ,schoolroom ,,page ,bean ,bag and ,basket ,relay #cjc ,bean ,bag ,board #cjd ,changing ,seats #fc ,drop the ,handkerchief #hj ,fox and ,squirrel #ic ,letting out the ,doves #abi ,london ,bridge #bgh ,simon ,says #bce #c;,a4 ,third ,year 7first half71 7#h-i years old74 ,playground ,,page ,bean ,bag ,circle ,toss #cje ,bean ,bag ,ring ,throw #cjf ,center ,base #ced ,draw a ,bucket of ,water #bfc ,have you seen my ,sheep8 #ajb ,hill ,dill #aje ,hopping ,relay ,race #ajf ,i say1 ,stoop6 #aac ,nuts in ,may #bhe ,puss in a ,corner #afc ,single ,relay ,race #age ,tommy ,tiddler's ,ground #aig ,water ,sprite #bjc ,schoolroom ,,page ,bean ,bag ,circle ,toss #cje ,bean ,bag ,ring ,throw #cjf ,draw a ,bucket of ,water #bfc ,have you seen my ,sheep8 #ajb ,hopping ,relay ,race #ajf ,i say1 ,stoop6 #aac ,line ,ball #chd ,puss in a ,corner #afc #c;,b4 ,third ,year 7second half71 7#h-i years old74 ,playground ,,page ,bean ,bag ,box #cje ,ball ,chase #ccd ,call ,ball #cch ,chinese ,chicken #fh ,dodgeball 7,informal7 #cfc ,follow ,chase #hh ,follow the ,leader #hi ,fox ,trail1 ,single ,rim #ie ,jumping ,rope--,i #aah ,lame ,fox and ,chickens #abd ,line ,zigzag #dba ,prisoner's ,base--,i #aeg ,shadow ,tag #agc ,shuttle ,relay #agc ,stoop ,tag #aij ,who goes round my ,stone ,wall8 #bjf ,schoolroom ,,page ,bean ,bag ,box #cje ,chinese ,chicken #fh ,flower ,match #bbj ,follow the ,leader #hi ,horns #bbc ,line ,zigzag #dba ,old ,man ,tag #adb ,schoolroom ,tag #agb ,tag the ,wall ,relay #aib ,weathercock #bjd #d;,a4 ,fourth ,year 7first half71 7#i-aj years old74 ,playground ,,page ,all-up ,relay #de ,animal ,chase #df ,arch ,ball #cba ,bag ,pile #cjc ,corner ,spry #cfj ,farmer is ,coming1 ,the #he ,guess ,who #ajj ,home ,tag #ajf ,hunt the ,fox #aaj ,roley ,poley #cii ,slap ,catch #agh ,stealing ,sticks #ahh ,target ,toss #cae ,schoolroom ,,page ,all-up ,relay #de ,arch ,ball #cba ,bag ,pile #cjc ,corner ,spry #cfj ,guess ,who #ajj ,naughts and ,crosses #bbi ,slap ,catch #agh ,target ,toss #cae ,vaulting ,seats #bjb #d;,b4 ,fourth ,year 7second half71 7#i-aj years old74 ,playground ,,page ,bear in the ,pit #ej ,bunch of ,ivy #eg ,captain ,ball--,,ii or ,,iii #cda-d ,catch of ,fish #fa ,catch the ,cane #fb ,criss-cross ,goal #cjg ,cross ,tag #ge ,high ,windows #ajd ,hunt1 ,the #aaj ,leapfrog ,race #abi ,numbers ,change #aci ,pass ,ball ,relay #cie ,potato ,race1 #aea or #aeb or ,potato ,shuttle ,relay #aed ,step #ahh ,schoolroom ,,page ,balloon ,ball #cbe ,blackboard ,relay #ec ,catch the ,cane #fb ,criss-cross ,goal #cjg ,home ,run #chd ,leaf by ,leaf #bbe ,thimble ,ring #aid ,observation #aci ,potato ,race #aea or #aeb ,tip ,tap ,toe #bcg #e;,a4 ,fifth ,year 7first half71 7#aj-aa years old74 ,playground ,,page ,arch ,goal ,ball #cbc ,basket ,ball ,distance ,throw #cbi ,club ,snatch #gb ,drive ,ball #cge ,dumb-bell ,tag #hc ,fire on the ,mountains #hf ,fox ,trail1 ,double ,rim #ic ,japanese ,tag #aaf ,jumping ,rope--,,ii #aai ,leader and ,footer #abg ,over and ,under ,relay #cib ,stride ,ball #djg ,third ,slap #aie ,triple ,change #bjj ,wall ,ball ,drill #daf ,schoolroom ,,page ,buzz #baj ,blackboard ,relay #ec ,dumb-bell ,tag #hc ,going to ,jerusalem #ih ,kaleidoscope #abb ,my ,lady's ,toilet #ach 7,see also ,spin the ,platter7 ,over and ,under ,relay #cib ,scat #bcd ,schoolroom ,dodgeball #cfi #e;,b4 ,fifth ,year 7second half71 7#aj-aa years old74 ,playground ,,page ,ball ,puss #cbg ,balloon ,goal #cbf ,baste the ,bear #di ,black ,tom #ed ,circle ,dodgeball #cfd ,hound and ,rabbit #ajg ,how ,many ,miles to ,babylon8 #ajh ,kaleidoscope #abb ,passing ,race #cab ,pebble ,chase #ade ,stone #aij ,three ,deep #aif 7,see also ,third ,man and ,last ,man7 ,wood ,tag #bji ,schoolroom ,,page ,ball ,puss #cbg ,balloon ,goal #cbf ,blackboard ,relay #ec ,cat ,party #bag ,jump the ,bean ,bag #caa ,kaleidoscope #abb ,last ,man #abf ,leaf by ,leaf #bbe ,passing ,race #cab ,toss ,ball #dab #f;,a4 ,sixth ,year 7first half71 7#aa-ab years old74 ,playground ,,page ,ball ,stand #cbh ,body ,guard #ef ,double ,dodgeball #cfe ,every ,man in his ,own ,den #hc ,fist ,ball #cgf ,garden ,scamp #ig ,jumping ,rope--,,iii #aba ,last ,couple ,out #abe ,line ,zigzag--,,ii or ,,iii #dbb-c ,partner ,tag #ade ,prisoner's ,base--,,ii1 ,,iii1 or ,,iv #aeh ,skin the ,goat #agf ,schoolroom ,,page ,beast1 ,bird1 or ,fish #bae ,blackboard ,relay #ec ,catch ,basket #cjg ,desk ,relay #cji ,hands ,up1 ,hands ,down #bba ,london #bbf ,recognition #bcc ,spin the ,platter #ahc 7,see also ,my ,lady's ,toilet7 ,vaulting ,relay #cag #f;,b4 ,sixth ,year 7second half71 7#aa-ab years old74 ,playground ,,page ,barley ,break #dh ,center ,club ,bowls #cee ,chickidy ,hand #fg ,curtain ,ball #cfa ,progressive ,dodgeball #cff ,duck on a ,rock #ha ,football ,tag #cgi ,hand ,football #chb ,indian ,club ,race #aab ,jumping ,relay ,race #aag ,jump the ,shot #abb ,old ,woman from the ,wood #adc 7,see also ,trades7 ,red ,lion #afe ,round ,ball #dja ,sun ,dial #aij ,stake ,guard #ahf ,schoolroom ,,page ,blackboard ,relay ,race #ec ,schoolroom ,dodgeball #cfi ,find the ,ring #bbj ,jumping ,relay ,race #aag ,old ,woman from the ,wood #adc 7,see also ,trades7 ,round ,ball #dja ,zoo #bdb #g;,a4 ,seventh ,year 7first half71 7#ab-ac years old74 ,playground ,,page ,black and ,white #eb ,bombardment #ccd ,fence ,tag #he ,keep ,moving #bgj ,oyster ,shell #adc ,poison #adh ,rolling ,target #afi ,saddle the ,nag #aga ,slipper ,slap #agi ,third ,man #aid ,schoolroom ,,page ,b ,game #bac ,blackboard ,relay #ec ,black and ,white #eb ,keep ,moving #bgj ,last ,man #abf ,nimble ,squirrel #bcj ,slipper ,slap #agi #g;,b4 ,seventh ,year 7second half71 7#ab-ac years old74 ,playground ,,page ,corner ,ball #cei ,dumb ,crambo #bai ,emperor ,ball #cdf ,forcing the ,city ,gates #hi ,fox and ,geese #ib ,hand ,ball ,drill--,,ii #cha ,line ,club ,bowls1 ,double #che ,mount ,ball #chg ,odd ,man's ,cap #adj ,pass and ,toss ,relay 7,single ,line7 #cac ,pinch-o #adf ,volley ,ball #dac ,wand ,tug of ,war #bjc ,whip ,tag #bje ,zigzag ,overhead ,toss #dbd ,schoolroom ,,page ,bend and ,stretch ,relay #ej ,dead ,ball #cfb ,dumb ,crambo #bai ,line ,club ,bowls1 ,double #che ,literary ,lore #bbe ,schoolroom ,volley ,ball #djb ,up1 ,jenkins6 #bci #h;,a4 ,eighth ,year 7first half71 7#ac-ad years old74 ,playground ,,page ,all ,run #cba ,battle ,ball #cca ,catch and ,pull ,tug of ,war #fj ,chinese ,chicken #fh ,circle ,race #fi ,circle ,relay #gj ,line ,zigzag--,,iii #dbc ,maze ,tag #aca ,nine-court ,basket ,ball #chh ,overtake #cic ,poison ,snake #adi ,round ,ball #dja ,square ,ball #djd ,war #dag ,schoolroom ,,page ,blackboard ,relay #ec ,cross ,questions #bai ,hen ,roost #bbc ,minister's ,cat1 ,the #bbg ,overtake #cic ,schoolroom ,captain ,ball #cec ,sketches #bcf #h;,b4 ,eighth ,year 7second half71 7#ac-ad years old74 ,playground ,,page ,bound ,ball #ccf ,boundary ,ball #cce ,chinese ,wall #fh ,circle ,club ,bowls #ceg ,circle ,zigzag #dai ,double ,relay ,race #gf ,japanese ,crab ,race #aae ,line ,club ,bowls1 ,single #chf ,master of the ,ring #aca ,pass and ,toss ,relay 7,double ,line7 #cad ,pig in a ,hole #cig ,stool ,ball #djf ,tossing ,wands #aih ,wand ,race #bjb ,schoolroom ,,page ,author's ,initials #bac ,blackboard ,relay ,race #ec ,crambo #bah ,double ,relay ,race #gf ,line ,club ,bowls1 ,single #chf ,prince of ,paris #bcb ,wand ,race #bjb ,,games ,,for ,,high ,,schools 7#ae-ai years of age7 ,this list of high school games is far from exhaustive4 ,a large percentage of those listed for the elementary grades will be found suitable for high schools4 ,,miscellaneous ,,active ,,games ,,page ,all-up ,relay #de ,bull in the ,ring #ef ,bung the ,bucket #eg ,catch and ,pull ,tug of ,war #fj ,circle ,race #fi ,circle ,relay #gj ,club ,snatch #gb ,contests for ,two 7chapter on ,feats and ,forfeits7 #bde ,double ,relay ,race #gf ,duck on a ,rock #ha ,dumb-bell ,tag #hc ,every ,man in his ,own ,den #hc ,follow the ,leader #hi ,forcing the ,city ,gates #hi ,fortress #ij ,fox and ,geese #ib ,fox ,trail1 ,double ,rim #ic ,hang ,tag #aja ,home ,tag #ajf ,hound and ,rabbit #ajg ,indian ,club ,race #aab ,japanese ,tag #aaf ,japanese ,crab ,race #aae ,jumping ,rope--,i #aah ,jumping ,rope--,,ii #aai ,jumping ,rope--,,iii #aba ,jumping ,relay ,race #aag ,jump the ,shot #abb ,last ,couple ,out #abe ,leader and ,footer #abg ,leapfrog ,race #abi 7,see list of ,leapfrog ,games in ,alphabetical ,index47 ,master of the ,ring #aca ,maze ,tag #aca ,odd ,man's ,cap #adj ,oyster ,shell #adc ,partner ,tag #ade ,pebble ,chase #ade ,pinch-o #adf ,poison #adh ,potato ,shuttle ,relay #aed ,prisoner's ,base--,,ii1 ,,iii1 ,,iv1 ,v #aeh-afa ,saddle the ,nag #aga ,shuttle ,relay #agc ,single ,relay ,race #age ,skin the ,goat #agf ,slipper ,slap #agi ,stake ,guard #ahf ,stealing ,sticks #ahh ,three ,deep #aif 7,see also ,third ,man47 ,tossing ,wands #aih ,tree ,party #aii ,triple ,change #bjj ,wand ,race #bjb ,whip ,tag #bje ,wood ,tag #bji ,ball ,games ,,page ,all ,run #cba ,ball ,chase #cbd ,balloon ,ball #cbe ,ball ,puss #cbg ,ball ,stand #cbh ,basket ,ball ,distance ,throw #cbi ,battle ,ball #cca ,bombardment #ccd ,bound ,ball #ccf ,boundary ,ball #cce ,call ,ball #cch ,captain ,ball--,i #cci ,captain ,ball--,,ii #cda ,captain ,ball--,,iii #cdd ,center ,club ,bowls #cee ,circle ,club ,bowls #ceg ,corner ,ball #cei ,curtain ,ball #cfa ,dodgeball #cfc ,double ,corner ,ball #cgj ,drive ,ball #cge ,emperor ,ball #cdf ,fist ,ball #cgf ,football ,tag #cgi ,hand ,football #chb ,hand ,ball ,drill--,,ii #cha ,line ,club ,bowls 7,single7 #chf ,line ,club ,bowls 7,double7 #che ,mount ,ball #chg ,nine-court ,basket ,ball #chh ,over and ,under ,relay #cib ,progressive ,dodgeball #cff ,pig in a ,hole #cig ,progressive ,captain ,ball #cdi ,round ,ball #dja ,square ,ball #djd ,stool ,ball #djf ,stride ,ball #djg ,ten ,trips #djh ,tether ,ball #dji ,volley ,ball #dac ,wall ,ball ,drill #daf ,war #dag ,zigzag ,overhead ,toss #dbd 7,see also ,circle ,zigzag1 ,line ,zigzag--,,ii1 ,,iii47 ,,games ,,for ,,playgrounds1 ,,gymnasiums1 ,,and ,,large ,,numbers ,the term playground is here used to designate a general outdoor play space of liberal area4 ,the open country or a village would be just as suitable for many of the games1 though with few exceptions they may be played in limited territory4 ,with the exception of the hide-and-seek games almost all are equally suitable for both playground and gymnasium4 ,the list includes games for players from kindergarten age to adults1 and for both large and small numbers4 ,for games for players of different ages1 see ,index for ,elementary and ,high ,schools4 ,in the column indicating which games are suited to large numbers1 the figures indicate the largest number with which the game may be well played4 ,still larger numbers of players may participate1 but the group method is advisable for so many4 ,,miscellaneous ,,active ,,games ,for ,large ,numbers ,page ,all-up ,relay #fj #de ,animal ,blind ,man's ,buff #cj #df ,animal ,chase #cj #df ,arrow ,chase #dg ,barley ,break #dh ,baste the ,bear #cj #di ,bear in the ,pit #cj #ej ,bird ,catcher #fj #eb ,black and ,white #ajj #eb ,black ,tom #cj #ed ,blind ,bell #ajj #ee ,blind ,man's ,buff #cj #ee ,body ,guard #cj #ef ,bull in the ,ring #cj #ef ,bunch of ,ivy #fj #eg ,bung the ,bucket #cj #eg ,buying a ,lock #cj #eh ,cat and ,rat #cj #fj ,catch and ,pull ,tug of ,war #ajj #fj ,catch of ,fish #cj #fa ,catch the ,cane #cj #fb ,cavalry ,drill #ajj #fb ,centipede #fc ,charley over the ,water #cj #fe ,chickadee-dee #fe ,chicken ,market #ff ,chickidy ,hand #cj #fg ,chinese ,chicken #cj #fh ,chinese ,wall #fj #fh ,circle ,race #cj #fi ,circle ,relay #fj #gj ,clam ,shell ,combat #cj #ga ,club ,snatch #fj #gb ,cock ,stride #gd ,cross ,tag #cj #ge ,crossing the ,brook #fj #gd ,do this1 ,do that #fj #ge ,double ,relay ,races #ajj #gf ,drop the ,handkerchief #cj #hj ,duck on a ,rock #cj #ha ,dumb-bell ,tag #cj #hc ,every ,man in his ,own ,den #cj #hc ,exchange #cj #hd ,farmer is coming1 ,the #cj #he ,fence ,tag #cj #he ,fire on the ,mountains #cj #hf ,flowers and the ,wind1 ,the #cj #hg ,follow ,chase #cj #hh ,follow the ,leader #fj #hi ,forcing the ,city ,gates #cj #hi ,fortress #ajj #ij ,fox and ,geese #cj #ib ,fox ,trail1 ,double ,rim #cj #ic ,fox ,trail1 ,single ,rim #ie ,french ,tag #fj #if ,frog in the ,middle #cj #if ,garden ,scamp #cj #ig ,going to ,jerusalem #fj #ih ,good ,morning #fj #ii ,guess ,who #cj #ajj ,gypsy #aja ,hang ,tag #ajj #aja ,have you seen my ,sheep8 #cj #ajb ,hide and ,seek #ajc ,hide the ,thimble #fj #ajd ,high ,windows #cj #ajd ,hill ,dill #cj #aje ,hip #cj #aje ,home ,tag #fj #ajf ,hopping ,relay ,race #ajj #ajf ,hound and ,rabbit #fj #ajg ,how ,many ,miles to ,babylon8 #ajj #ajh ,huckle1 ,buckle1 ,bean ,stalk #fj #aji ,hunt1 ,the #cj #aaj ,hunt the ,fox #fj #aaj ,hunt the ,slipper #cj #aaa ,indian ,club ,race #ajj #aab ,i say1 ,stoop6 #fj #aac ,i ,spy #cj #aac ,jack be ,nimble #fj #aad ,jacob and ,rachel #cj #aae ,japanese ,crab ,race #fj #aae ,japanese ,tag #fj #aaf ,johnny ,ride a ,pony #fj #aaf ,jumping ,relay ,race #fj #aag ,jumping ,rope--,i 7small single rope7 #ajj #aah ,jumping ,rope--,,ii 7one large rope7 #ajj #aai ,jumping ,rope--,,iii 7two large ropes7 #ajj #aba ,jumping ,rope--,,iv 7large and small ropes7 #aba ,jump the ,shot #fj #abb ,kaleidoscope #cj #abb ,lady of the ,land #abc ,lame ,fox and ,chickens #cj #abd ,last ,couple ,out #cj #abe ,leader and ,footer #fj #abg ,leapfrog #ajj #abg ,leapfrog ,race #ajj #abi ,letting out the ,doves #cj #abi ,lost ,child1 ,the #cj #acj ,master of the ,ring #cj #aca ,maze ,tag #ajj #aca ,menagerie #fj #acb ,midnight #cj #acc ,moon and ,morning ,stars #cj #acc ,mother1 may ,i go out to ,play8 #acd ,mother1 ,mother1 the ,pot boils ,over #ace ,my ,lady's ,toilet #cj #ach ,numbers ,change #cj #aci ,odd ,man's ,cap #cj #adj ,old ,buzzard #cj #ada ,old ,woman from the ,wood #fj #adc ,oyster ,shell #ajj #adc ,par #cj #add ,partner ,tag #ajj #ade ,pebble ,chase #cj #ade ,pinch-o #cj #adf ,pitch ,pebble #adg ,poison #cj #adh ,poison ,snake #cj #adi ,pom ,pom ,pullaway #cj #adi ,potato ,race #ajj #aea-b ,potato ,shuttle ,relay #ajj #aed ,potato ,spoon ,race #fj #aee ,prisoner's ,base #cj #aeg-afa ,prisoner's ,base--,i #cj #aeg ,prisoner's ,base--,,ii #cj #aeh ,prisoner's ,base--,,iii #cj #aei ,prisoner's ,base--,,iv #cj #afa ,prisoner's ,base--,v #cj #afa ,puss in a ,corner #cj #afc ,puss in the ,circle #cj #afd ,railroad ,train #ajj #afd ,red ,lion #cj #afe ,relay ,races #fj-ajj ,all-up ,relay #de ,circle ,relay #gj ,double ,relay #gf ,potato ,races #aea-aee ,shuttle ,relay #ajj #agc ,single ,relay #age ,ring-a-lievio #cj #aff ,ringmaster #fj #afg ,robbers and ,soldiers #ajj #afh ,rolling ,target #cj #afi ,round and ,round went the ,gallant ,ship #cj #agj ,run1 ,sheep1 ,run #cj #agj ,saddle the ,nag #cj #aga ,sardines #cj #agb ,seeking for ,gold #bcd ,shadow ,tag #fj #agc ,shuttle ,relay #ajj #agc ,single ,relay ,race #ajj #age ,skin the ,goat #agf ,skyte the ,bob #agg ,slap ,catch #cj #agh ,slap ,jack #cj #agi ,slipper ,slap #cj #agi ,smuggling the ,geg #cj #ahj ,spanish ,fly #cj #ahb ,spans #ahc ,spin the ,platter #cj #ahc ,spooning #cj #ahd ,squirrel in ,trees #ajj #ahe ,stage ,coach #fj #ahe ,stake ,guard #cj #ahf ,stealing ,sticks #cj #ahh ,step #cj #ahh ,still ,pond1 ,no ,more ,moving #cj #ahi ,stone #cj #aij ,stoop ,tag #fj #aij ,sun ,dial #aij ,tag ,games #fj #aia ,ten ,steps #cj #aic ,thimble ,ring #cj #aid ,third ,man #ajj #aid ,third ,slap #cj #aie ,three ,deep #fj #aif ,tommy ,tiddler's ,ground #cj #aig ,tossing ,wands #fj #aih ,trades #fj #aii ,tree ,party #fj #aii ,triple ,change #fj #bjj ,tug of ,war 7,see ,catch and ,pull ,tug of ,war and ,wand ,tug of ,war1 also ,contests for ,two1 under ,feats and ,forfeits47 ,under the ,cuckoo's ,nest #cj #bja ,wand ,race #cj #bjb ,wand ,tug of ,war #ajj #bjc ,water ,sprite #cj #bjc ,wee ,bologna ,man1 ,the #fj #bjd ,whip ,tag #cj #bje ,who goes round my ,stone ,wall8 #cj #bjf ,wolf #cj #bjh ,wood ,tag #cj #bji ,quiet ,games ,see ,section on ,quiet ,games #bac ,,singing ,,games ,large ,numbers ,page ,did you ever see a ,lassie8 #fj #bfa ,draw a ,bucket of ,water #fj #bfc ,duck ,dance1 ,the #cj #bfd ,farmer in the ,dell #cj #bfe ,hunting #fj #bfg ,itisket1 ,itasket #cj #bfh ,keep ,moving #fj #bgj ,king of ,france #fj #bgc ,kitty ,white #cj #bgd ,leaves are ,green #fj #bgf ,let the ,feet go ,tramp #fj #bgf ,london ,bridge #cj #bgh ,looby ,loo #fj #bhj ,muffin ,man #cj #bhb ,mulberry ,bush #fj #bhc ,nuts in ,may #fj #bhe ,oats1 ,peas1 ,beans #fj #bhg ,round and ,round the ,village #cj #bij ,snail #fj #bib ,,bean ,,bag ,,games ,large ,numbers ,page ,bag ,pile #ajj #cjc ,bean ,bag ,board #cj #cjd ,bean ,bag ,box #cje ,bean ,bag ,circle ,toss #cj #cje ,bean ,bag ,ring ,throw #fj #cjf ,criss-cross ,goal #fj #cjg ,passing ,race #ajj #cab ,pass and ,toss ,relay 7,single ,line7 #fj #cac ,pass and ,toss ,relay 7,double ,line7 #cad ,target ,toss #fj #cae ,teacher and ,class #fj #caf ,,games ,,for ,,either ,,balls ,,or ,,bean ,,bags ,large ,numbers ,page ,all ,run #cj #cba ,arch ,ball #ajj #cba ,arch ,goal ,ball #fj #cbc ,call ,ball #cj #cch ,center ,catch ,ball #cj #cee ,circle ,ball #fj #cef ,club ,bowls #fj #cei ,center ,club ,bowls #cee ,line ,club ,bowls 7,single7 #chf ,line ,club ,bowls 7,double7 #che ,corner ,spry #fj #cfj ,dodgeball #fj #cfc ,over and ,under ,relay #ajj #cib ,overtake #fj #cic ,ring ,call ,ball #cj #cii ,round ,ball #fj #dja ,zigzag ,games #ajj #dai ,circle ,zigzag #dai ,line ,zigzag--,i #dba ,line ,zigzag--,,ii #dbb ,line ,zigzag--,,iii #dbc ,zigzag ,overhead ,toss #dbd ,,ball ,,games ,large ,numbers ,page ,all ,run #cj #cba ,arch ,ball #ajj #cba ,arch ,goal ,ball #ajj #cbc ,ball ,chase #cbd ,balloon ,ball #cbe ,balloon ,goal #ajj #cbf ,ball ,puss #cj #cbg ,ball ,stand #cbh ,ball ,tag #cbi ,basket ,ball ,distance ,throw #cbi ,battle ,ball #cca ,bombardment #ajj #ccd ,boundary ,ball #ajj #cce ,bound ,ball #cj #ccf ,call ,ball #cj #cch ,captain ,ball--,i #cci ,captain ,ball--,,ii #fj #cda ,captain ,ball--,,iii #cj #cdd 7,see ,emperor ,ball1 ,progressive ,captain ,ball47 ,center ,base #cj #ced ,center ,catch ,ball #cj #cee ,center ,club ,bowls #cj #cee ,circle ,ball #fj #cef ,circle ,club ,bowls #fj #ceg ,circle ,dodgeball #fj #cfd ,circle ,stride ,ball #cj #ceh ,circle ,zigzag 7see ,zigzag47 #dai ,corner ,ball #cj #cei ,corner ,spry #fj #cfj ,crackabout #fj #cfj ,curtain ,ball #ajj #cfa ,dodgeball #fj #cfc ,double ,corner ,ball #ajj #cgj ,double ,dodgeball #fj #cfe ,drive ,ball #cj #cge ,emperor ,ball #cj #cdf ,fist ,ball #cj #cgf ,football ,tag #cj #cgi ,hand ,ball ,drill--,i 7,elementary7 #ajj #chj ,hand ,ball ,drill--,,ii 7,advanced7 #ajj #cha ,hand ,football #cj #chb ,line ,ball #fj #chd ,line ,club ,bowls 7,double7 #fj #che ,line ,club ,bowls 7,single7 #fj #chf ,line ,zigzag #dba-dbc ,mount ,ball #ajj #chg ,nine-court ,basket ,ball #fj #chh ,over and ,under ,relay #ajj #cib ,overtake #fj #cic ,pass ,ball ,relay #ajj #cie ,pig in a ,hole #fj #cig ,progressive ,captain ,ball #ajj #cdi ,progressive ,dodgeball #cff ,ring ,call ,ball #cj #cii ,roley ,poley #cii ,round ,ball #fj #dja ,russian ,hole ,ball #dja ,spud #ajj #djd ,square ,ball #cj #djd ,stool ,ball #djf ,stride ,ball #ajj #djg ,tether ,ball #dji ,three ,holes #daa ,toss ,ball #fj #dab ,tree ,ball #dac ,volley ,ball #cj #dac ,wall ,ball ,drill #daf ,war #fj #dag ,zigzag ,games #dai ,circle ,zigzag #fj #dai ,line ,zigzag--,i #ajj #dba ,line ,zigzag--,,ii #ajj #dbb ,line ,zigzag--,,iii #ajj #dbc ,zigzag ,overhead ,toss #ajj #dbd ,,games ,,for ,,boys' ,,and ,,girls' ,,summer ,,camps ,the games in this list are selected with a view to suitableness for the open country1 and to a wide range of ages which often are found in summer camps4 ,the so-called quiet games are not necessarily noiseless1 but are distinguished from active games in which the players move around4 ,,active ,,games ,,page ,all-up ,relay #de ,animal ,blind ,man's ,buff #df ,animal ,chase #df ,arrow ,chase #dg ,barley ,break #dh ,baste the ,bear #di ,bear in the ,pit #ej ,bird ,catcher1 ,the #eb ,black and ,white #eb ,black ,tom #ed ,blind ,bell #ee ,blind ,man's ,buff #ee ,body ,guard #ef ,bull in the ,ring #ef ,bunch of ,ivy #eg ,bung the ,bucket #eg ,buying a ,lock #eh ,cat and ,rat #fj ,catch and ,pull ,tug of ,war #fj ,catch of ,fish #fa ,catch the ,cane #fb ,centipede #fc ,chickadee-dee #fe ,chicken ,market #ff ,chickidy ,hand #fg ,chinese ,chicken #fh ,chinese ,wall #fh ,circle ,race #fi ,circle ,relay #gj ,club ,snatch #gb ,cock ,stride #gd ,cross ,tag #ge ,drop the ,handkerchief #hj ,duck on a ,rock #ha ,dumb-bell ,tag #hc ,every ,man in his ,own ,den #hc ,exchange #hd ,farmer is ,coming1 ,the #he ,fence ,tag #he ,fire on the ,mountains #hf ,flowers and the ,wind #hg ,follow ,chase #hh ,follow the ,leader #hi ,forcing the ,city ,gates #hi ,fortress #ij ,fox and ,geese #ib ,fox ,trail1 ,double ,rim #ic ,fox ,trail1 ,single ,rim #ie ,garden ,scamp #ig ,going to ,jerusalem #ih ,guess ,who #ajj ,gypsy #aja ,hang ,tag #aja ,have you seen my ,sheep8 #ajb ,high ,windows #ajd ,hill ,dill #aje ,hip #aje ,hopping ,relay ,race #ajf ,how ,many ,miles to ,babylon8 #ajh ,huckle1 ,buckle1 ,bean ,stalk #aji ,hunt1 ,the #aaj ,hunt the ,fox #aaj ,hunt the ,slipper #aaa ,i say1 ,stoop6 #aac ,i ,spy #aac ,jacob and ,rachel #aae ,japanese ,crab ,race #aae ,japanese ,tag #aaf ,jumping ,relay ,race #aag ,jumping ,rope--,i #aah ,jumping ,rope--,,ii #aai ,jumping ,rope--,,iii #aba ,jumping ,rope--,,iv #aba ,jump the ,shot #abb ,kaleidoscope #abb ,lady of the ,land #abc ,lame ,fox and ,chickens #abd ,last ,couple ,out #abe ,leader and ,footer #abg ,leapfrog ,race #abi ,letting out the ,doves #abi ,lost ,child1 ,the #acj ,master of the ,ring #aca ,maze ,tag #aca ,menagerie #acb ,midnight #acc ,mother1 may ,i go out to ,play8 #acd ,mother1 ,mother1 the ,pot boils ,over #ace ,my ,lady's ,toilet #ach ,odd ,man's ,cap #adj ,old ,buzzard #ada ,old ,woman from the ,wood #adc ,oyster ,shell #adc ,partner ,tag #ade ,pebble ,chase #ade ,pinch-o #adf ,pitch ,pebble #adg ,poison #adh ,pom ,pom ,pullaway #adi ,potato ,race #aea ,potato ,shuttle ,relay #aed ,potato ,spoon ,race #aee ,prisoner's ,base--,i-,v #aeg-afa ,puss in a ,corner #afc ,puss in the ,circle #afd ,railroad ,train #afd ,red ,lion #afe ,ring-a-lievio #aff ,ringmaster #afg ,robbers and ,soldiers #afh ,rolling ,target #afi ,run1 ,sheep1 ,run6 #agj ,saddle the ,nag #aga ,sardines #agb ,seeking for ,gold #bcd ,shadow ,tag #agc ,shuttle ,relay ,race #agc ,single ,relay ,race #age ,skin the ,goat #agf ,skyte the ,bob #agg ,slap ,catch #agh ,slap ,jack #agh ,slipper ,slap #agi ,smuggling the ,geg #ahj ,spin the ,platter #ahc ,spooning #ahd ,stage ,coach #ahe ,stake ,guard #ahf ,stealing ,sticks #ahh ,step #ahh ,still ,pond1 ,no ,more ,moving6 #ahi ,stone #aij ,stoop ,tag #aij ,sun ,dial #aij ,tag #aia-b ,ten ,steps #aic ,thimble ,ring #aid ,third ,man #aid ,third ,slap #aie ,three ,deep #aif ,tommy ,tiddler's ,ground #aig ,trades #aii ,triple ,change #bjj ,under the ,cuckoo's ,nest #bja ,wand ,race #bjb ,water ,sprite #bjc ,wee ,bologna ,man1 ,the #bjd ,whip ,tag #bje ,who goes round my ,stone ,wall8 #bjf ,wolf #bjh ,wood ,tag #bji ,,singing ,,games ,,page ,did you ever see a ,lassie8 #bfa ,draw a ,bucket of ,water #bfc ,duck ,dance1 ,the #bfd ,farmer in the ,dell #bfe ,hunting #bfg ,itisket1 ,itasket #bfh ,keep ,moving #bgj ,kitty ,white #bgd ,leaves are ,green #bgf ,london ,bridge #bgh ,looby ,loo #bhj ,muffin ,man #bhb ,mulberry ,bush #bhc ,nuts in ,may #bhe ,oats1 ,peas1 ,beans #bhg ,round and ,round the ,village #bij ,snail #bib ,,quiet ,,games ,,page ,b ,game1 ,the #bac ,bargain ,counter #bad ,beast1 ,bird1 or ,fish #bae ,buzz #baf ,cat ,party #bag ,crambo #bah ,cross ,questions #bai ,dumb ,crambo #bai ,find the ,ring #bbj ,flower ,match #bbj ,grass ,blade #bba ,hen ,roost #bbc ,horns #bbc ,initials #bbd ,leaf by ,leaf #bbe ,literary ,lore #bbe ,london #bbf ,minister's ,cat1 ,the #bbg ,music ,box #bbh ,my ,lady's ,lap ,dog #bbh ,naughts and ,crosses #bbi ,observation #aci ,penny ,wise #bcj ,planting a ,garden #bca ,poor ,pussy #aej ,prince of ,paris #bcb ,scat #bcd ,seeking for ,gold #bcd ,simon ,says #bce ,spans #ahc ,tip ,tap ,toe #bcg ,up1 ,jenkins6 #bci ,what is my ,thought ,like8 #bdj ,woodland ,lovers #bda ,zoo #bdb ,,bean ,,bag ,,games ,,page ,bag ,pile #cjc ,bean ,bag ,board #cjd ,bean ,bag ,box #cje ,bean ,bag ,circle ,toss #cje ,bean ,bag ,ring ,throw #cjf ,criss-cross ,goal #cjg ,target ,toss #cae ,teacher and ,class #caf ,,games ,,for ,,either ,,balls ,,or ,,bean ,,bags ,,page ,all ,run #cba ,arch ,ball #cba ,call ,ball #cch ,center ,catch ,ball #cee ,circle ,ball #cef ,club ,bowls #cei ,center ,club ,bowls #cee ,line ,club ,bowls 7,double7 #che ,line ,club ,bowls 7,single7 #chf ,dodgeball #cfc ,over and ,under ,relay #cib ,ring ,call ,ball #cii ,round ,ball #dja ,zigzag ,games #dai ,line ,zigzag--,i #dba ,line ,zigzag--,,ii #dbb ,line ,zigzag--,,iii #dbc ,zigzag ,overhead ,toss #dbd ,circle ,zigzag #dai ,,ball ,,games ,,page ,all ,run #cba ,arch ,ball #cba ,arch ,goal ,ball #cbc ,ball ,chase #cbd ,balloon ,goal #cbf ,ball ,puss #cbg ,ball ,stand #cbh ,basket ,ball ,distance ,throw #cbi ,battle ,ball #cca ,bombardment #ccd ,boundary ,ball #cce ,bound ,ball #ccf ,call ,ball #cch ,captain ,ball--,i #cci ,captain ,ball--,,ii #cda ,captain ,ball--,,iii #cdd 7,see ,emperor ,ball1 ,progressive ,captain ,ball1 and ,schoolroom ,captain ,ball47 ,center ,base #ced ,center ,catch ,ball #cee ,center ,club ,bowls #cee ,circle ,ball #cef ,circle ,club ,bowls #ceg ,corner ,ball #cei ,curtain ,ball #cfa ,dead ,ball #cfb ,dodgeball #cfc ,double ,corner ,ball #cgj ,drive ,ball #cge ,emperor ,ball #cdf ,fist ,ball #cgf ,football ,tag #cgi ,hand ,ball ,drill--,i 7,elementary7 #chj ,hand ,ball ,drill--,,ii #cha ,hand ,football #chb ,line ,ball #chd ,line ,club ,bowls 7,double7 #che ,line ,club ,bowls 7,single7 #chf ,line ,zigzag #dba-dbc ,mount ,ball #chg ,nine-court ,basket ,ball #chh ,over and ,under ,relay #cib ,pass ,ball ,relay #cie ,pig in a ,hole #cig ,progressive ,captain ,ball #cdi ,ring ,call ,ball #cii ,roley ,poley #cii ,round ,ball #dja ,russian ,hole ,ball #dja ,square ,ball #djd ,stool ,ball #djf ,stride ,ball #djg ,ten ,trips #djh ,tether ,ball #dji ,three ,holes #daa ,toss ,ball #dab ,tree ,ball #dac ,volley ,ball #dac ,wall ,ball ,drill #daf ,war #dag ,zigzag ,overhead ,toss #dbd 7,see also ,circle ,zigzag47 ,,house-,,party ,,and ,,country-,,club ,,games ,the list of games offered under this heading is made with the realization that the guests for such conditions may include very young people and adults4 ,no attempt is made to select appropriate games for either1 the choice being left for the circumstances of any given occasion4 ,while many of the games are for indoors1 most of them may be played out of doors1 and a few good chasing games for young people are included4 ,an especial effort has been made to secure for this list games that utilize natural material1 as leaves1 grasses1 trees1 stones1 etc41 and some snow games are given for winter days4 ,the so-called quiet games are not necessarily noiseless1 but are distinguished from active games by the players not moving around4 ,,active ,,games ,,page ,animal ,blind ,man's ,buff #df ,arrow ,chase #dg ,balloon ,goal #cbf ,barley ,break #dh ,baste the ,bear #di ,black and ,white #eb ,blind ,bell #ee ,blind ,man's ,buff #ee ,body ,guard #ef ,catch of ,fish #fa ,chickidy ,hand #fg ,circle ,race #fi ,club ,snatch #gb ,curtain ,ball #cfa ,dodgeball #cfc ,duck on a ,rock #ha ,dumb-bell ,tag #hc ,every ,man in his ,own ,den #hc ,exchange #hd ,follow the ,leader #hi ,fox and ,geese #ib ,fox ,trail #ic-ie ,going to ,jerusalem #ih ,have you seen my ,sheep8 #ajb ,hide the ,thimble #ajd ,hill ,dill #aje ,hound and ,rabbit #ajg ,hunt1 ,the #aaj ,hunt the ,fox #aaj ,i ,spy #aac ,jacob and ,rachel #aae ,japanese ,tag #aaf ,keep ,moving #bgj ,last ,couple ,out #abe ,maze ,tag #aca ,menagerie #acb ,my ,lady's ,toilet #ach ,odd ,man's ,cap #adj ,old ,woman from the ,wood #adc ,partner ,tag #ade ,pebble ,chase #ade ,pinch-o #adf ,pitch ,pebble #adg ,poison #adh ,poor ,pussy #aej ,potato ,shuttle ,relay #aed ,potato ,spoon ,race #aee ,prisoner's ,base--,i-,v #aeg-afa ,puss in a ,corner #afc ,ring-a-lievio #aff ,rolling ,target #afi ,run1 ,sheep1 ,run6 #agj ,russian ,hole ,ball #dja ,sardines #agb ,single ,relay ,race #age ,slap ,catch #agh ,slipper ,slap #agi ,snow ,dart #aha ,snow ,snake #ahb ,spin the ,platter #ahc 7,see also ,my ,lady's ,toilet47 ,stage ,coach #ahe ,stake ,guard #ahf ,stealing ,sticks #ahh ,still ,pond1 ,no ,more ,moving #ahi ,sun ,dial #aij ,tag #aij-aib ,tether ,ball #dji ,thimble ,ring #aid ,third ,man #aid ,three ,deep #aif ,trades #aii ,tree ,party #aii ,triple ,change #bjj ,wee ,bologna ,man #bjd ,who goes round my ,stone ,wall8 #bjf ,wood ,tag #bji ,,quiet ,,games ,,page ,author's ,initials #bac ,b ,game1 ,the #bac ,bargain ,counter #bad ,beast1 ,bird1 or ,fish #bae ,buzz #baf ,cake ,sale #baf ,cat ,party #bag ,crambo #bah ,cross ,questions #bai ,dumb ,crambo #bai ,find the ,ring #bbj ,flower ,match #bbj ,grass ,blade #bba ,hen ,roost #bbc ,horns #bbc ,initials #bbd ,leaf by ,leaf #bbe ,literary ,lore #bbe ,london #bbf ,minister's ,cat1 ,the #bbg ,music ,box #bbh ,my ,lady's ,lap ,dog #bbh ,naughts and ,crosses #bbi ,penny ,wise #bcj ,planting a ,garden #bca ,prince of ,paris #bcb ,recognition #bcc ,scat #bcd ,seeking for ,gold #bcd ,shakespearean ,romance1 ,a #bce ,simon ,says #bce ,sketches #bcf ,tidbits ,farmer #bcg ,tip ,tap ,toe #bcg ,up1 ,jenkins6 #bci ,what is my ,thought ,like8 #bdj ,woodland ,lovers1 ,the #bda ,zoo1 ,the #bdb ,,games ,,for ,,children',s ,,parties ,the games in this list are mainly for children from four to ten or twelve years of age4 ,they are suitable both for indoors and the lawn4 ,while most of them call for only a mild form of exercise1 a few of the more lively running games are included4 ,the so-called quiet games are not necessarily noiseless1 but are distinguished from active games in which the players move around4 ,,active ,,games ,,page ,all-up ,relay #de ,animal ,blind ,man's ,buff #df ,animal ,chase #df ,barley ,break #dh ,baste the ,bear #di ,bird ,catcher1 ,the #eb ,black and ,white #eb ,blind ,man's ,buff #ee ,blind ,bell #ee ,body ,guard #ef ,bunch of ,ivy #eg ,cat and ,rat #fj ,catch the ,cane #fb ,catch of ,fish #fa ,charley over the ,water #fe ,club ,snatch #gb ,crossing the ,brook #gd ,do ,this1 ,do ,that #ge ,drop the ,handkerchief #hj ,dumb-bell ,tag #hc ,exchange #hd ,farmer is ,coming1 ,the #he ,flowers and the ,wind1 ,the #hg ,follow ,chase #hh ,follow the ,leader #hi ,fox and ,geese #ib ,fox and ,squirrel #ic ,garden ,scamp #ig ,going to ,jerusalem #ih ,good ,morning #ii ,guess ,who #ajj ,gypsy1 ,the #aja ,have you seen my ,sheep8 #ajb ,hide and ,seek #ajc ,hide the ,thimble #ajd ,high ,windows #ajd ,hopping ,relay ,race #ajf ,hound and ,rabbit #ajg ,how ,many ,miles to ,babylon8 #ajh ,huckle1 ,buckle1 ,bean ,stalk #aji ,hunt the ,slipper #aaa ,i ,spy #aac ,i say1 ,stoop6 #aac ,jack be ,nimble #aad ,jacob and ,rachel #aae ,japanese ,tag #aaf ,kaleidoscope #abb ,lady of the ,land #abc ,lame ,fox and ,chickens #abd ,last ,couple ,out #abe ,letting ,out the ,doves #abi ,lost ,child1 ,the #acj ,maze ,tag #aca ,menagerie #acb ,midnight #acc ,mother1 may ,i go out to ,play8 #acd ,mother1 ,mother1 the ,pot boils ,over #ace ,my ,lady's ,toilet #ach ,numbers ,change #aci ,observation #aci ,odd ,man's ,cap #adj ,old ,buzzard #ada ,old ,woman from the ,wood #adc ,partner ,tag #ade ,pebble ,chase #ade ,pinch-o #adf ,potato ,shuttle ,relay #aed ,potato ,spoon ,race #aee ,puss in the ,circle #afd ,puss in a ,corner #afc ,railroad ,train #afd ,ring ,master #afg ,sardines #agb ,slap ,catch #agh ,slap ,jack #agh ,slipper ,slap #agi ,spin the ,platter #ahc ,squirrel in ,trees #ahe ,step #ahh ,still ,pond1 ,no ,more ,moving #ahi ,stoop ,tag #aij ,sun ,dial #aij ,thimble ,ring #aid ,three ,deep #aif ,trades #aii ,tree ,party #aii ,wee ,bologna ,man1 ,the #bjd ,what is my ,thought ,like8 #bdj ,who goes round my ,stone ,wall8 #bjf ,wood ,tag #bji ,,quiet ,,games ,,page ,b ,game1 ,the #bac ,beast1 ,bird1 and ,fish #bae ,buzz #baf ,cross ,questions #bai ,dumb ,crambo #bai ,find the ,ring #bbj ,flower ,match #bbj ,grass ,blade #bba ,hen ,roost #bbc ,horns #bbc ,keep ,moving #bgj ,leaf by ,leaf #bbe ,literary ,lore #bbe ,london #bbf ,minister's ,cat1 ,the #bbg ,music ,box #bbh ,my ,lady's ,lap ,dog #bbh ,naughts and ,crosses #bbi ,penny ,wise #bcj ,planting a ,garden #bca ,poor ,pussy #aej ,prince of ,paris #bcb ,simon ,says #bce ,tip1 ,tap1 ,toe #bcg ,up1 ,jenkins6 #bci ,what is my ,thought ,like8 #bdj ,zoo1 ,the #bdb ,,singing ,,games ,,page ,did you ever see a ,lassie8 #bfa ,draw a ,bucket of ,water #bfc ,duck ,dance1 ,the #bfd ,farmer in the ,dell #bfe ,hunting #bfg ,itisket1 ,itasket #bfh ,kitty ,white #bgd ,leaves are ,green #bgf ,london ,bridge #bgh ,looby ,loo #bhj ,muffin ,man #bhb ,mulberry ,bush #bhc ,nuts in ,may #bhe ,oats1 ,peas1 ,beans #bhg ,round and ,round the ,village #bij ,snail #bib ,,bean ,,bag ,,games ,,page ,bag ,pile #cjc ,bean ,bag ,board #cjd ,bean ,bag ,box #cje ,bean ,bag ,circle ,toss #cje ,bean ,bag ,ring ,throw #cjf ,target ,toss #cae ,teacher and ,class #caf ,zigzag ,games #dai ,,ball ,,games ,,page ,balloon ,ball #cbe ,balloon ,goal #cbf ,call ,ball #cch ,center ,catch ,ball #cee ,circle ,ball #cef ,ring ,call ,ball #cii ,round ,ball #dja ,zigzag ,games #dai ,,games ,,for ,,either ,,balls ,,or ,,bean ,,bags ,,page ,all ,run #cba ,arch ,ball #cba ,call ,ball #cch ,center ,catch ,ball #cee ,circle ,ball #cef ,club ,bowls #cei ,corner ,spry #cfj ,dodgeball #cfc ,over and ,under ,relay #cib ,overtake #cic ,ring ,call ,ball #cii ,round ,ball #dja ,zigzag ,games #dai ,,seashore ,,games ,an especial effort has been made to secure for this list games that utilize pebbles1 shells1 stones1 holes dug in the earth1 and diagrams drawn on the sand4 ,many games are given requiring but little activity and suited to hot days2 but there are also a number of good running and chasing games suitable for a hard beach4 ,games are given for both young and older players4 ,,page ,all ,run #cba ,arch ,ball #cba ,ball ,chase #cbd ,bean ,bag ,ring ,throw #cjf ,beast1 ,bird1 or ,fish #bae ,bird ,catcher1 ,the #eb ,boundary ,ball #cce ,buying a ,lock #eh ,buzz #baf ,catch and ,pull ,tug of ,war #fj ,center ,catch ,ball #cee ,centipede #fc ,chinese ,chicken #fh ,circle ,ball #cef ,clam ,shell ,combat #ga ,club ,snatch #gb ,cross ,questions #bai ,did you ever see a ,lassie8 #bfa ,dodgeball #cfc ,draw a ,bucket of ,water #bfc ,duck ,dance1 ,the #bfd ,duck on a ,rock #ha ,dumb ,crambo #bai ,farmer in the ,dell #bfe ,find the ,ring #bbj ,flower ,match #bbj ,follow the ,leader #hi ,fox ,trail1 ,double ,rim #ic ,fox ,trail1 ,single ,rim #ie ,grass ,blade #bba ,hen ,roost #bbc ,horns #bbc ,hunting #bfg ,hunt the ,slipper #aaa ,itisket1 ,itasket #bfh ,keep ,moving #bgj ,kitty ,white #bgd ,lady of the ,land #abc ,leader and ,footer #abg ,leapfrog ,race #abi ,leaves are ,green #bgf ,london #bbf ,london ,bridge #bgh ,looby ,loo #bhj ,maze ,tag #aca ,minister's ,cat1 ,the #bbg ,mother1 may ,i go out to ,play8 #acd ,mother1 ,mother1 the ,pot boils ,over #ace ,muffin ,man #bhb ,mulberry ,bush #bhc ,music ,box #bbh ,my ,lady's ,lap ,dog #bbh ,naughts and ,crosses #bbi ,oats1 ,peas1 ,beans #bhg ,odd ,man's ,cap #adj ,over and ,under ,relay #cib ,oyster ,shell #adc ,partner ,tag #ade ,pass ,ball ,relay #cie ,pebble ,chase #ade ,pig in a ,hole #cig ,pinch-o #adf ,pitch ,pebble #adg ,poison #adh ,potato ,shuttle ,relay #aed ,prince of ,paris #bcb ,prisoner's ,base--,,ii1 ,,iii1 ,,iv1 ,v #aeh-afa ,progressive ,captain ,ball #cdi ,ring ,call ,ball #cii ,ringmaster #afg ,roley ,poley #cii ,rolling ,target #afi ,round and ,round the ,village #bij ,russian ,hole ,ball #dja ,saddle the ,nag #aga ,scat #bcd ,seeking for ,gold #bcd ,shadow ,tag #agc ,shuttle ,relay #agc ,simon ,says #bce ,single ,relay ,race #age ,skin the ,goat #agf ,skyte the ,bob #agg ,slap ,catch #agh ,slap ,jack #agh ,slipper ,slap #agi ,snail #bib ,spooning #ahd ,square ,ball #djd ,squirrel in ,trees #ahe ,stage ,coach #ahe ,stake ,guard #ahf ,stealing ,sticks #ahh ,step #ahh ,stone #aij ,stoop ,tag #aij ,stride ,ball #djg ,sun ,dial #aij ,tag #aia ,target ,toss #cae ,teach3 ,how to teach ,games #bg ,teacher and ,class #caf ,teacher of ,games 7,to the7 #bf ,tether ,ball #dji ,third ,man #aid ,three ,deep #aif ,three ,holes #daa ,tommy ,tiddler's ,ground #aig ,trades #aii ,war #dag ,whip ,tag #bje ,who goes round my ,stone ,wall8 #bjf ,zigzag ,overhead ,toss #dbd ,,alphabetical ,,index ,ages1 ,games for ,different1 #ab-af ,index for1 #dbg ,all ,run1 #cba ,all up ,relay1 #de ,animal ,blind ,man's ,buff1 #df ,animal ,chase1 #df ,arch ,ball1 #cba ,arch ,goal ,ball1 #cbc ,arrow ,chase1 #dg ,author's ,initials1 #bac ,automobile ,race1 #dh ,b ,game1 #bac ,babylon 7see ,how ,many ,miles7 ,bag ,pile1 #cjc ,ball ,chase1 #cbd ,ball ,drill 7see ,hand ,ball ,drill and ,wall ,ball ,drill7 ,ball ,games1 #cai ,balloon ,ball1 #cbe ,balloon ,goal1 #cbf ,balloon ,specifications1 #big ,ball ,puss1 #cbg ,ball ,stand1 #cbh ,ball ,tag1 #cbi ,bargain ,counter1 ,the1 #bad ,barley ,break1 #dh ,basket ,ball ,distance ,throw1 #cbi ,baste the ,bear1 #di ,battle ,ball1 #cca ,bean ,bag and ,basket ,relay1 #cjc ,bean ,bag ,board1 #cjd ,bean ,bag ,box1 #cje ,bean ,bag ,circle ,toss1 #cje ,bean ,bag ,games1 #cjc ,bean ,bag or ,ball1 ,games for ,both1 #cah ,bean ,bag ,ring ,throw1 #cjf ,bean ,bag ,specifications1 #big ,bear in the ,pit1 #ej ,beast1 ,bird1 or ,fish1 #bae ,beetle goes ,round 7see ,whip ,tag7 ,bend and ,stretch ,relay1 #ej ,bird ,catcher1 ,the1 #eb ,black and ,white1 #eb ,blackboard ,relay1 #ec ,black ,tom1 #ed ,blind ,bell1 #ee ,blind ,man's ,buff1 #ee ,blind ,man's ,buff1 ,french 7see ,exchange7 ,body ,guard1 #ef ,bombardment1 #ccd ,boundary ,ball1 #cce ,bound ,ball1 #ccf ,bowl ,ball 7see ,center ,club ,bowls1 ,circle ,club ,bowls1 and ,line ,club ,bowls7 ,bull in the ,ring1 #ef ,bunch of ,ivy1 #eg ,bung the ,bucket1 #eg ,buying a ,lock1 #eh ,buzz1 #baf ,cake ,sale1 #baf ,call ,ball1 #cch ,captain ,ball1 #cch ,captain ,ball--,i1 #cci ,captain ,ball--,,ii1 #cda ,captain ,ball--,,iii1 #cdd ,captain ,ball--,,iv 7see ,emperor ,ball7 ,captain ,ball--,v 7see ,progressive ,captain ,ball7 ,cat and ,mice1 #ei ,cat and ,rat1 #fj ,cat ,party1 #bag ,catch and ,pull ,tug of ,war1 #fj ,catch ,basket1 #cjg ,catch of ,fish1 #fa ,catch the ,cane1 #fb ,cavalry ,drill1 #fb ,center ,base1 #ced ,center ,catch ,ball1 #cee ,center ,club ,bowls1 #cee ,centipede1 #fc ,changing ,seats1 #fc ,charley over the ,water1 #fe ,chickadee-dee1 #fe ,chicken ,market1 #ff ,chickidy ,hand1 #fg ,chinese ,chicken1 #fh ,chinese ,wall1 #fh ,choosing ,sides1 #da ,circle ,ball1 #cef ,circle ,club ,bowls1 #ceg ,circle ,dodgeball1 #cfd ,circle ,race1 #fi ,circle ,relay1 #gj ,circle ,seat ,relay1 #ga ,circle ,stride ,ball1 #ceh ,circle ,zigzag1 #dai ,clam ,shell ,combat1 #ga ,club ,bowls1 #cei ,center ,club ,bowls1 #cee ,circle ,club ,bowls1 #ceg ,line ,club ,bowls 7,double71 #che ,line ,club ,bowls 7,single71 #chf ,club ,snatch1 #gb ,cock ,stride1 #gd ,contests for ,two1 #bde ,corner ,ball1 #cei ,corner ,spry1 #cfj ,correlation with ,school ,subjects3 ,arithmetic3 ,blackboard ,relay1 #ec ,buzz1 #baf ,cross ,questions1 #bai ,nimble ,squirrel1 #bcj ,english3 ,author's ,initials1 #bac ,b ,game1 #bac ,blackboard ,relay1 #ec ,cat ,party1 #bag ,crambo1 #bah ,cross ,questions1 #bai ,kaleidoscope1 #abb ,literary ,lore1 #bbe ,minister's ,cat1 ,the1 #bbg ,recognition1 #bcc ,shakespearean ,romance1 #bce ,sketches1 #bcf ,geography3 ,blackboard ,relay1 #ec ,cross ,questions1 #bai ,kaleidoscope1 #abb ,weathercock1 #bjd ,history3 ,blackboard ,relay1 #ec ,cross ,questions1 #bai ,kaleidoscope1 #abb ,recognition1 #bcc ,sketches1 #bcf ,nature3 ,beast1 ,bird1 or ,fish1 #bae ,bird ,catcher1 #eb ,cross ,questions1 #bai ,flower ,match1 #bbj ,flowers and the ,wind1 #hg ,horns1 #bbc ,kaleidoscope1 #abb ,leaf by ,leaf1 #bbe ,observation1 #aci ,tree ,party1 #aii ,woodland ,lovers1 #bda ,counting-,out1 #ce ,crackabout1 #cfj ,crambo1 #bah ,criss-cross ,goal1 #cjg ,cross ,questions1 #bai ,cross ,tag1 #ge ,crossing the ,brook1 #gd ,curtain ,ball1 #cfa ,cuts 7,drawing ,cuts71 #dj ,dead ,ball1 #cfa ,desk ,relay1 #cji ,did you ever see a ,lassie81 #bfa ,dodgeball 7,informal71 #cfc ,circle ,dodgeball1 #cfd ,double ,dodgeball1 #cfe ,progressive ,dodgeball1 #cff ,schoolroom ,dodgeball1 #cfi ,do this1 ,do that1 #ge ,double ,corner ,ball1 #cgj ,double ,dodgeball1 #cfe ,double ,relay ,races1 #gf 7,see also ,shuttle ,relay7 ,draw a ,bucket of ,water1 #bfc ,drawing ,cuts1 #dj ,drill ,ball 7see ,hand ,ball ,drill and ,wall ,ball ,drill7 ,drive ,ball1 #cge ,drop the ,handkerchief1 #hj ,duck ,dance1 ,the1 #bfd ,duck on a ,rock1 #ha ,dumb-bell ,tag1 #hc ,dumb ,crambo1 #bai ,emperor ,ball1 #cdf ,every ,man in his ,own ,den1 #hc ,exchange1 #hd ,faba ,gaba 7see ,bean ,bag ,board7 ,farmer in the ,dell1 ,the1 #bfe ,farmer is ,coming1 ,the1 #he ,feats and ,forfeits1 #bdc ,fence ,tag1 #he ,fetch and ,carry ,relay1 #cji ,find the ,ring1 #bbj ,fire on the ,mountains1 #hf ,fist ,ball1 #cgf ,floor ,formations1 #cb ,flower ,match1 #bbj ,flowers and the ,wind1 ,the1 #hg ,football ,tag1 #cgi ,follow ,chase1 #hh ,follow the ,leader1 #hi ,forcing the ,city ,gates1 #hi ,forfeits1 #bde1 #bed ,formations1 #cb ,fortress1 #ij ,fox and ,geese1 #ib 7,see also ,naughts and ,crosses and ,fox ,trail7 ,fox and ,squirrel1 #ic ,fox ,trail1 ,double ,rim1 #ic ,fox ,trail1 ,single ,rim1 #ie ,french ,blind ,man's ,buff 7see ,exchange7 ,french ,tag1 #if ,frog in the ,middle1 #if ,games for ,various ,conditions 7see ,indexes7 ,garden ,scamp1 #ig ,going to ,jerusalem1 #ih ,good ,morning1 #ii ,grass ,blade1 #bba ,guess ,who1 #ajj ,gypsy1 #aja ,hand ,ball ,drill1 #cgi ,hand ,ball ,drill--,i 7,elementary71 #chj ,hand ,ball ,drill--,,ii 7,advanced71 #cha 7,see also ,wall ,ball ,drill7 ,hand over ,head ,bean ,bag1 #caj ,hand ,football1 #chb ,hands ,up1 ,hands ,down1 #bba ,hang ,tag1 #aja ,hat ,ball 7see ,roley ,poley7 ,have you seen my ,sheep81 #ajb ,hen ,roost1 #bbc ,here we go ,round 7see ,mulberry ,bush7 ,herr ,slap ,jack 7see ,slap ,jack7 ,hide and ,seek1 #ajc ,hide-and-,seek ,games3 ,hide and ,seek1 #ajc ,i ,spy1 #aac ,ring-a-lievio1 #aff ,run1 ,sheep1 ,run61 #agj ,sardines1 #agb ,smuggling the ,geg1 #ahj ,ten ,steps1 #aic ,yards ,off1 #baj ,hide the ,thimble1 #ajd ,high ,windows1 #ajd ,hill ,dill1 #aje ,hip1 #aje ,holders1 #ci ,home ,run1 #chd ,home ,tag1 #ajf ,hopping ,relay ,race1 #ajf ,horns1 #bbc ,hound and ,rabbit1 #ajg ,how ,many ,miles to ,babylon81 #ajh ,how to teach ,games1 #bg ,huckle1 ,buckle1 ,bean ,stalk1 #aji ,hunt1 ,the1 #aaj ,hunt the ,fox1 #aaj ,hunt the ,ring 7see ,find the ,ring7 ,hunt the ,slipper1 #aaa ,hunting1 #bfg ,indexes3 ,boys' and ,girls' ,summer ,camps1 #ddj ,children's ,parties1 #ddf ,country ,clubs1 #ddd ,elementary ,schools1 #dbg ,gymnasiums1 #dce ,high ,schools1 #dcc ,house ,parties1 #ddd ,large ,numbers1 #dce ,playgrounds1 #dce ,schools3 ,elementary1 #dbg ,high1 #dcc ,seashore1 #ddi ,indian ,club ,race1 #aab ,initials1 #bbd ,introduction1 #a ,i say1 ,stoop61 #aac ,i ,spy61 #aac ,itisket1 ,itasket1 #bfh ,jack be ,nimble1 #aad ,jacob and ,rachel1 #aae ,japanese ,crab ,race1 #aae ,japanese ,tag1 #aaf ,johnny ride a ,pony1 #aaf ,jumping ,relay ,race1 #aag ,jumping ,rope1 #aag ,jumping ,rope--,i1 small single rope1 #aah ,jumping ,rope--,,ii1 one large rope1 #aai ,jumping ,rope--,,iii1 two large ropes1 #aba ,jumping ,rope--,,iv1 large and small ropes1 #aba ,jump the ,bean ,bag1 #caa ,jump the ,shot1 #abb ,kaleidoscope1 #abb ,keep ,moving1 #bgj ,king of ,france1 ,the1 #bgc ,kitty ,white1 #bgd ,lady of the ,land1 #abc ,lame ,fox and ,chickens1 #abd ,last ,couple ,out1 #abe ,last ,man1 #abf ,last ,pair ,pass 7see ,last ,couple ,out7 ,leader and ,footer1 #abg ,leaf by ,leaf1 #bbe ,leapfrog1 #abg ,leapfrog ,games1 #abg ,i4 ,with one back3 ,leader and ,footer1 #abg ,leapfrog1 #abh ,leapfrog ,race1 #abi ,par1 #add ,spanish ,fly1 #ahb ,,ii4 ,with two or more backs3 ,bung the ,bucket1 #eg ,cavalry ,drill1 #fb ,johnny ride a ,pony1 #aaf ,saddle the ,nag1 #aga ,skin the ,goat1 #agf ,leapfrog ,race1 #abi ,leaves are ,green1 #bgf ,let the ,feet go ,tramp1 #bgf ,letting out the ,doves1 #abi ,line ,ball1 #chd ,line ,club ,bowls 7,double71 #che ,line ,club ,bowls 7,single71 #chf ,line ,tag 7see ,maze ,tag7 ,line ,zigzag--,i1 #dba ,line ,zigzag--,,ii1 #dbb ,line ,zigzag--,,iii1 #dbc ,literary ,lore1 #bbe ,london1 #bbf ,london ,bridge1 #bgh ,looby ,loo1 #bhj ,lost ,child1 #acj ,management of ,playgrounds1 #bf ,marking ,grounds1 #cja ,master of the ,ring1 #aca ,maze ,tag1 #aca ,menagerie1 #acb ,midnight1 #acc ,minister's ,cat1 ,the1 #bbg ,miscellaneous ,active ,games1 #dc ,moon and ,morning ,stars1 #acc ,mother1 may ,i go out to ,play81 #acd ,mother1 ,mother1 the ,pot boils ,over1 #ace ,mount ,ball1 #chg ,muffin ,man1 #bhb ,mulberry ,bush1 #bhc ,music ,box1 #bbh ,my ,lady's ,lap ,dog1 #bbh ,my ,lady's ,toilet1 #ach ,naughts and ,crosses1 #bbi ,nimble ,squirrel1 #bcj ,nine-court ,basket ,ball1 #chh ,numbers ,change1 #aci 7,see also ,exchange7 ,nuts in ,may1 #bhe ,oat ,sack ,games1 #cjc ,oats1 ,peas1 ,beans1 #bhg ,observation1 #aci ,odd ,man's ,cap1 #adj ,old ,buzzard1 #ada ,old ,man ,tag1 #adb ,old ,woman from the ,wood1 #adc ,over and ,under ,relay1 #cib ,overhead ,toss 7,zigzag71 #dbd ,overtake1 #cic ,oyster ,shell1 #adc ,par1 #add ,partner ,tag1 #ade ,pass ,ball ,relay1 #cie ,pass and ,toss ,relay 7,double ,line71 #cad ,pass and ,toss ,relay 7,single ,line71 #cac ,passing ,race1 #cab ,pebble ,chase1 #ade ,pencil and ,paper ,games3 ,author's ,initials1 #bac ,b game1 #bac ,bargain ,counter1 #bad ,cake ,sale1 #baf ,cat ,party1 #bag ,crambo1 #bah ,initials1 #bbd ,leaf by ,leaf1 #bbe ,literary ,lore1 #bbe ,london1 #bbf ,music ,box1 #bbh ,naughts and ,crosses1 #bbi ,penny ,wise1 #bcj ,planting a ,garden1 #bca ,recognition1 #bcc ,shakespearean ,romance1 #bce ,sketches1 #bcf ,tidbits ,farmer1 #bcg ,tip1 ,tap1 ,toe1 #bcg ,woodland ,lovers1 #bda ,penny ,wise1 #bcj ,pig in a ,hole1 #cig ,pinch-o1 #adf ,pitch ,pebble1 #adg ,planting a ,garden1 #bca ,playgrounds1 ,management of1 #bf ,playing ,values of ,games1 #h-bi ,poison1 #adh ,poison ,snake1 #adi ,pom ,pom ,pullaway1 #adi ,poor ,pussy1 #aej ,potato ,races1 #aea ,potato ,race--,i 7individual competition71 #aea ,potato ,race--,,ii 7team competition71 #aeb ,potato ,shuttle ,relay1 #aed ,potato ,spoon ,race1 #aee ,preliminary ,ball ,drill 7see ,hand ,ball ,drill and ,wall ,ball ,drill7 ,prince of ,paris1 #bcb ,prisoner's ,base1 #aef ,prisoner's ,base--,i1 #aeg ,prisoner's ,base--,,ii1 #aeh ,prisoner's ,base--,,iii1 #aei ,prisoner's ,base--,,iv1 #afa ,prisoner's ,base--,v1 #afa ,prize ,schoolroom ,game 7see ,balloon ,goal7 ,progressive ,captain ,ball1 #cdi ,progressive ,dodgeball1 #cff ,puss in a ,corner1 #afc ,puss in the ,circle1 #afd ,quiet ,games1 #baa ,railroad ,train1 #afd ,recognition1 #bcc ,red ,lion1 #afe ,relay ,races3 ,all-up ,relay1 #de ,bag ,pile1 #cjc ,circle ,relay1 #gj ,double ,relay1 #gf ,fetch and ,carry ,relay1 #cji ,over and ,under ,relay1 #cib ,pass ,ball1 #cie ,passing ,race ,pass and ,toss ,relay 7,double ,line71 #cad ,pass and ,toss ,relay 7,single ,line71 #cac ,passing ,race1 #cab ,passing ,relays with ,bean ,bags1 #cab ,potato ,races1 #aea-aee ,shuttle ,relay1 #agc ,single ,relay1 #age ,tag the ,wall ,relay1 #aib ,ring-a-lievio1 #aff ,ring ,call ,ball1 #cii ,ringmaster1 #afg ,robbers and ,soldiers1 #afh ,roley ,poley1 #cii ,rolling ,target1 #afi ,round and ,round the ,village1 #bij ,round and ,round went the ,gallant ,ship1 #agj ,round ,ball1 #dja ,run1 ,sheep1 ,run61 #agj ,russian ,hole ,ball1 #dja ,saddle the ,nag1 #aga ,sardines1 #agb ,scat1 #bcd ,schoolroom ,captain ,ball1 #cec ,schoolroom ,dodgeball1 #cfi ,schoolroom ,tag1 #agb ,schoolroom ,volley ,ball1 #djb ,seeking for ,gold1 #bcd ,shadow ,tag1 #agc ,shakespearean ,romance1 ,a1 #bce ,shuttle ,relay1 #agc ,siege1 #agd ,simon ,says1 #bce ,singing ,games1 #bei ,single ,relay ,race1 #age ,sketches1 #bcf ,skin the ,goat1 #agf ,skipaway 7see ,slap ,jack7 ,skyte the ,bob1 #agg ,slap ,catch1 #agh ,slap ,jack1 #agh ,sling ,shot 7see ,jump the ,shot7 ,slipper ,slap1 #agi ,smuggling the ,geg1 #ahj ,snail1 #bib ,snow ,games3 ,fox ,trail1 ,double ,rim1 #ic ,fox ,trail1 ,single ,rim1 #ie ,snow ,dart1 #aha ,snow ,snake1 #ahb ,spanish ,fly1 #ahb ,spans1 #ahc ,spin the ,platter1 #ahc 7,see also ,my ,lady's ,toilet7 ,spooning1 #ahd ,spud1 #djd ,square ,ball1 #djd ,squat ,tag 7see ,stoop ,tag7 ,squirrel and ,nut1 #ahd ,squirrel in ,trees1 #ahe ,stage ,coach1 #ahe ,stake ,guard1 #ahf ,stealing ,sticks1 #ahh ,step1 #ahh ,still ,pond1 ,no ,more ,moving1 #ahi ,stone1 #aij ,stool ,ball1 #djf ,stoop ,tag1 #aij ,straddle ,club 7see ,stride ,ball7 ,stride ,ball1 #djg ,sun ,dial1 #aij ,tag1 #aia-aib ,tag ,games3 ,cross ,tag1 #ge ,fence ,tag1 #he ,french ,tag1 #if ,hang ,tag1 #aja ,home ,tag1 #ajf ,japanese ,tag1 #aaf ,maze ,tag1 #aca ,old ,man ,tag1 #adb ,partner ,tag1 #ade ,schoolroom ,tag1 #agb ,shadow ,tag1 #agc ,stoop 7or ,squat7 ,tag1 #aij ,tag1 #aib ,tag the ,wall ,relay1 #aib ,whip ,tag1 #bje ,tag the ,wall ,relay1 #aib ,target ,toss1 #cae ,teach1 ,how to teach ,games1 #bg ,teacher and ,class1 #caf ,ten ,steps1 #aic ,ten ,trips1 #djh ,tether ,ball1 #dji ,thimble ,ring1 #aid ,third ,man1 #aid 7,see also ,three ,deep and ,last ,man7 ,third ,slap1 #aie ,three ,deep1 #aif ,three ,holes1 #daa ,tidbits ,farmer1 #bcg ,tip1 ,tap1 ,toe1 #bcg ,to the ,teacher of ,games1 #bf ,tommy ,tiddler's ,ground1 #aig ,toss ,ball1 #dab ,toss-up1 #dj ,tossing ,wands1 #aih ,trades1 #aii ,tree ,ball1 #dac ,tree ,party1 #aii ,triple ,change1 #bjj ,tugs of ,war 7see ,catch and ,pull ,tug of ,war and ,wand ,tug of ,war2 also ,contests for ,two1 under ,feats and ,forfeits7 ,under the ,cuckoo's ,nest1 #bja ,up1 ,jenkins61 #bci 7,for the schoolroom1 see ,hands ,up1 ,hands ,down7 ,vaulting ,relay1 #cag ,vaulting ,seats1 #bjb ,volley ,ball1 #dac 7,see also ,schoolroom ,volley ,ball7 ,wall ,ball ,drill1 #daf ,wand ,race1 #bjb ,wand ,tug of ,war1 #bjc ,war1 #dag ,water ,sprite1 #bjc ,weathercock1 #bjd ,wee ,bologna ,man1 ,the1 #bjd ,what is my ,thought ,like81 #bdj ,whip ,tag1 #bje ,who goes round my ,stone ,wall81 #bjf ,widower 7see ,last ,couple ,out7 ,wink1 #bjg ,wolf1 #bjh ,woodland ,lovers1 #bda ,wood ,tag1 #bji ,wrestling 7see ,contests for ,two under ,feats and ,forfeits7 ,yards ,off1 #baj ,zigzag ,games1 #dai ,circle ,zigzag1 #dai ,line ,zigzag--,i1 #dba ,line ,zigzag--,,ii1 #dbb ,line ,zigzag--,,iii1 #dbc ,zigzag ,overhead ,toss1 #dbd ,zoo1 ,the1 #bdb ,,appendix ,,end ,,ball ,this game1 originated under the direction of ,mr4 ,william ,a4 ,stecher1 of ,philadelphia1 is probably the best game ever devised for introducing players to some of the intricacies of team work and advanced ball play4 ,the practice which it gives in throwing1 catching1 guarding1 scoring1 the observance of rules1 and attention to fouls1 makes it an admirable training for the more complicated games1 and should be used as a preparation for them4 ,the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city has officially adopted this game for this purpose in elementary schools1 where its use precedes ,captain ,ball or other team games of similar type4 ,no competition for girls is allowed between public schools in ,new ,york ,city4 ,all competition is confined to the clubs of a given school4 ,,ball4--,the ball used in all match games shall be ,spalding's ,official ,basket ,ball4 ,,the ,,ground4--,the ground is not invariable in dimensions4 ,a space measuring #cj x #cj feet is sufficient for the game1 and the usual size1 though a larger space may be used for a very large number of players4 ,this space shall be outlined1 and then divided across the center by a straight line from side to side4 ,at either end a narrow goal strip1 #c feet wide1 shall be made by drawing a second line parallel to the end line4 ,for all match games clubs should agree on the dimensions of the field1 and all preliminary practice should be on the same sized field4 ,,players4--,the players shall be divided into two equal teams4 ,one third of the players of each team shall be basemen1 and take their places within the goal at one end of the ground2 the balance of the team shall be guards and stand in the large territory in front of the goal on the opposite side of the ground4 ,no regular arrangement for the players is required1 but they should scatter over the field so as not to leave unguarded spaces4 ,,object ,,of ,,the ,,game4--,the object of the game is for the guards on one side to throw the ball over the heads of the guards on the opposite side to their own basemen1 at the end of the opposite field4 ,each ball so caught by a baseman shall score one point for the side catching it4 ,the baseman should at once throw the ball back over the heads of the intervening guards to his own guards for another throw4 ,the object of the intervening guards is to intercept the ball before it can reach the basemen at their rear1 and to throw it in turn to their own basemen at the rear of the opposite court1 over the heads of the intervening opponents4 ,,start4--,the game shall be started by a referee 7usually the teacher7 putting the ball in play in the center of the field4 ,this is done by tossing it upward between two opposing guards1 each of whom shall try to catch it4 ,the one whose hands touch it first shall be the possessor of the ball4 ,the guards shall step forward in rotation to try for the ball whenever it is put in play1 so that each guard shall have an opportunity4 ,when a goal is made the ball shall remain in play4 ,,score4--,the ball shall score one point for a team whenever caught by a baseman from a throw from his own guards or whenever a baseman gets possession of the ball by its rolling into his territory4 ,the ball continues in play when a point is scored4 ,the game shall be played in two halves of #ae minutes each 7for beginners the half may be #aj minutes1 until endurance is acquired74 ,there shall be a rest of from #c to #e minutes between halves4 ,at the beginning of the second half the players shall change goals4 ,the team shall win which has the highest score at the end of the second half4 ,,fouls4--,it shall be a foul for any player to step outside of his assigned territory1 either over the side lines or into his opponent's court4 ,a ball so caught shall not score1 and the foul shall be punished by the ball being given to the nearest guard of the opposing team1 who shall immediately put it in play by a throw to his own basemen or guards4 ,this rule of overstepping territory shall apply to both guards and basemen and for one foot or both4 ,it shall be a foul to carry the ball2 i4e41 to take more than one step with it4 ,it shall be a foul to touch the ball while it is in the hands of another player4 ,it shall be a foul to hold or push another player4 ,a foul shall be punished by the loss of the ball1 which shall be given to a guard of the opposing team for a free 7unobstructed7 throw4 ,,additional ,,rules4--,should a ball roll or be thrown beyond the rear boundary line1 the baseman nearest the ball shall leave his base to secure it1 bring it within the line at the point where it passed out1 and from there throw it to one of the guards of his team in the opposite court4 ,a ball that goes over the side lines shall similarly be secured by the guard nearest where it left the field4 ,illustration diagram3 7,the ground for ,end ,ball47 ,,new ,,york ,,captain ,,ball ,this form of ,captain ,ball has been officially adopted for the ,girls' ,branch of the ,public ,schools ,athletic ,league of ,new ,york ,city4 ,its particular merit is in the scoring1 a premium being placed on skillful play by the award of extra points for passing the ball entirely around the outer circuit of bases on a given side2 and further extra points are given for following this circuit by a successful throw to the captain4 ,this does away with the tendency to short-circuit the plays with too frequent throws to a captain1 and encourages interplay and quick resourcefulness between members of a team4 ,no inter-school competition is allowed for girls in the public schools of ,new ,york ,city2 all competition is between clubs in a school4 ,,ball4--,the ball to be used in all match games shall be ,spalding's ,official ,basket ,ball4 ,,grounds4--,the ground shall be divided by a neutral strip1 #c feet wide1 in which the ball shall be put in play4 ,to enter the neutral strip at other times shall constitute a foul4 ,on each side of the neutral strip a series of small bases shall be drawn1 in number equal to one quarter of the entire number of players4 ,these bases shall be in the form of a circle1 #b feet in diameter1 or they may be square1 measuring #b feet4 ,the series of bases on each side shall outline the arc of a circle open to the center1 with one base in the middle of each side for the captain4 ,the bases in the outer circle shall be not closer than #f feet to each other or to the neutral strip separating the fields1 and not nearer than #aj feet to the captain's base4 ,,players4--,any even number up to forty may play the game4 ,the players shall be divided into two equal teams2 each team in turn shall be equally divided between basemen and guards1 the captain being a baseman4 ,the basemen shall take their places in the bases on one side of the field1 and the guards of the same team shall stand near the opponents' bases on the opposite side of the field4 ,the game shall be played in two halves1 and for the second half the teams shall change sides1 and the basemen and guards of each team shall exchange places1 basemen becoming guards1 and vice versa4 ,for match games a club shall be represented by a picked team4 ,,officers4--,the game shall be in charge of a referee who shall call score and fouls and put the ball in play at the beginning of each half1 and after each foul4 ,the referee may be assisted by an umpire and inspectors1 if desired2 but for other than match games this is not necessary4 ,,object ,,of ,,the ,,game4--,the main object of the game is for the basemen of a team to pass the ball from one to another1 each pass successfully made scoring for the team1 as described under ,score4 ,the object of the guards is to intercept the passage of the ball and send it back to their own basemen for similar play4 ,,rules4--,the game shall be played in two halves of #ae minutes each1 with a #e-minute rest between1 except at final meets1 where halves may be shortened to #f minutes1 if desired4 ,guards may move around freely on their own half of the ground1 but each should be responsible for guarding one particular baseman4 ,guards may not step within bases4 ,guards may not enter the neutral strip except when called there in rotation1 as explained under ,start to put the ball in play4 ,the play of the ball need not be in consecutive order from base to base1 but may zigzag across the circle4 ,it does not score when caught a second time by the same baseman during a given play1 such a catch ending the possible score for that team for that round of the ball2 and it cannot score after being caught by the captain1 though his catch scores4 ,,start4--,the ball shall be put in play by the referee1 who shall toss it up in the center of the neutral strip between two guards1 one from each team1 who shall try to secure it4 ,to touch the ball shall not give the guard possession of it2 it shall be held in both hands4 ,in case of dispute1 the referee shall again toss the ball4 ,guards shall be called in regular succession to the neutral strip to put the ball in play4 ,the two called shall be from similar positions on opposite sides of the field4 ,the ball is put in play from the center at the opening of the halves1 and after a foul1 but not after a score made in regular play2 in other words1 the ball continues in play until a foul is called or the half ends4 ,,score4--,one point shall be scored for a team whenever one of its basemen catches a ball thrown by any other of its basemen except the captain4 ,when the entire succession of outer basemen have thus caught the ball1 whether in regular rotation or not1 two extra points shall be scored2 thus with #e basemen1 #f points would be scored for such a play4 ,two points additional shall be scored when such a play ends with a successful throw to the captain4 ,with #e outer bases1 this would mean a score of #h points4 ,under all other circumstances1 one point only shall be scored whenever the captain catches the ball from a baseman of his team4 ,no score shall be made on a catch by a baseman or captain from a guard4 ,one point shall be scored for the opponents whenever a foul is made1 and the ball shall then be put in play again from the center4 ,the ball shall cease to score3 7#a7 ,after being caught by the captain2 7i4e41 the captain's catch scores1 but no throw made by him scores if caught74 7#b7 ,when it gets to the hands of a baseman who has previously had it in the same play2 7i4e41 this catch does not score74 7#c7 ,when it gets to the hands of an opponent4 ,the ball continues in play under all of the above-mentioned circumstances4 ,when a foul is committed it goes to the center for a new start4 ,,fouls4--,it shall be a foul3 to carry the ball 7i4e41 to take more than one step with it74 ,to hold it longer than time enough to turn around quickly1 or three seconds4 ,to touch the ball in any way while it is in the hands of any other player4 ,to touch or trip an opponent4 ,for guards to step into the neutral strip or the opponents' territory4 ,it shall be a foul for a baseman to step out of his base with more than one foot at a time1 or for a guard to step within a base in any way4 ,one point shall be scored for the opponents whenever a foul is committed1 and the ball is then put newly in play4 ,illustration diagram3 ,,ground ,,plan ,,for ,,new ,,york ,,captain ,,ball ,printed in the ,united ,states of ,america4