by ,the ,kentuckiana ,digital ,library7 ,,citizenship ,a ,,manual for ,,voters ,,by ,,emma ,,guy ,,cromwell ,author of ,,cromwell',s ,,compendium of ,,parliamentary ,,law ,,formerly ,,state ,,librarian of ,,kentucky and ,,enrolling ,,clerk of ,,house of ,,representatives ,,sale ,,price ,,per ,,copy1 ,,paper ,,binding1 #ge;c2 ,,cloth ,,binding1 #a4be ,address ,,emma ,,guy ,,cromwell1 ,frankfort1 ,ky4 ,,copyright #aibj ,,by ,,emma ,,guy ,,cromwell ,,to ,,the ,,new ,,voters of ,,america ,a ,,great ,,factor ,,in ,,good ,,government ,,this ,,booklet ,,is ,,respectively ,,dedicated ,,by ,,the ,,author ,introduction ,realizing the need of a manual on citizenship for the new voters in ,kentucky1 the author has endeavored to compile such information on the government and its workings1 as will be of use to all voters1 especially the ones just entering political life4 ,a strong appeal is made to the women voters of our nation to prepare themselves for public life by keeping in touch with the issues of the day as well as the functions of government4 ,while it is a great privilege to take part in public affairs1 and study the questions of the day1 so that we can vote intelligently and criticize justly1 let us not forget that the home is the most sacred refuge of life1 the nucleus around which all pure and true civilization is formed1 and that the chief end of all good government is to improve and protect the home1 the church and the community4 ,will you take part in building up your government and establishing ,high ,ideals and true democracy8 ,,emma ,,guy ,,cromwell1 ,frankfort1 ,ky4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,citizenship4 ,good citizenship means doing well one's part as a member of the community in which he lives1 and carries with it certain privileges and duties4 ,a citizen is one who has the rights and privileges of the inhabitants of the community1 state and nation1 and as a duty should equip himself so as to render the best citizenship possible4 ,there are two classes of citizens2 native born1 and naturalized4 ,persons born in the ,united ,states and children born of ,american parents while abroad are native born4 ,naturalized citizens are aliens who through the process of naturalization have attained citizenship4 ,naturalization itself does not give the right to vote1 as that is determined by the state laws4 ,most states give all citizens the right to vote who have lived in the state for one year1 and about eleven states permit aliens to vote provided they declare their intention of becoming citizens4 ,congress has the power to decide the conditions upon which aliens may become citizens4 ,citizenship carries with it the enjoyment of civil rights1 as the protection of the home and property1 freedom of speech1 religion1 press1 protection of the laws1 etc4 ,wherever you go your citizenship goes with you1 protecting and defending you4 ,if you are in a foreign country you must abide by the laws of that country1 but should you be treated unjustly the ,united ,states would protect you4 ,our country is a land of freedom and opportunity1 and it is our duty to help uplift the government1 and as citizens we must study conditions and know how to govern and be governed4 ,we must be familiar with our national and state ,constitutions1 for they are the fundamental principles by which we are governed4 ,we must know how to make laws and how to have them executed4 ,we must keep posted on the issues of the day1 and know something of the standing and character of our public men and women4 ,the citizen who does not possess some knowledge of his government and its workings will become a prey to the demagogue1 or of individuals who are anxious to advance their own interest at the expense of the people4 ,it is the duty of every man and woman under the protection of our flag to give his or her best to the country and be willing to take upon themselves the burden as well as the privilege of government1 and fully appreciate the inheritance our fathers left4 ,they built the foundation in the days of ,washington and ,jefferson1 and as a duty we must safeguard the building4 ,citizenship not only embraces civil rights1 but political rights which is the right of suffrage or voting4 ,while civil rights are enjoyed by all men1 women and children1 political rights are enjoyed only by citizens twenty-one years old and over who possess the necessary qualifications to vote4 ,civil rights and political rights are not the same1 for all citizens are not voters1 neither are all voters citizens in the ,united ,states1 as some states permit aliens to vote before they get their citizenship paper1 making them real citizens4 ,it is our duty to study our government and be posted on the issues of the day4 ,there are about #bg1jaa1ccj women voters in the ,united ,states4 ,we have the vote and let us not only count it a privilege but a duty to do our part as citizens in establishing good government4 ,there are two principal parties in the ,united ,states1 the ,democratic party and the ,republican party4 ,the way to get good government is through the parties2 that is one reason women must choose their party and enter into the organization of the party of their choice4 ,parties are just what their constituents make them4 ,,government4 ,the word government means management or guidance and control4 ,when we speak of the government of the nation1 state1 city1 town or county we refer to the management of public affairs4 ,government protects life and property1 keeps an army and navy for our defense1 peace and order1 regulates commerce and industry1 supports our public schools1 keeps the roads and streets in good condition1 cares for public health1 and many other things we enjoy4 ,our courts are maintained by the government where justice may be found4 ,the laws of our nation are the rules made by the government to guide our actions4 ,they tell us what we are to do1 and what we are not to do4 ,we must obey the laws of our country or else be punished4 ,we must study the government of our nation1 state1 city1 town and county1 and be ready to do our part in establishing good government1 by making proper laws and seeing they are enforced4 ,as far back as #ejj ,b4 ,c4 we find in ,athens lawmakers1 judges and executive officers4 ,the word government is derived from the ,latin word gubernare1 which means to guide or pilot a ship4 ,good government depends upon the voters1 and may our men and women of the ,united ,states pilot our ship into a safe harbor4 ,the ,united ,states is both a ,democracy and a ,republic4 ,a ,democracy is a government by the people in which the will of the people prevails throughout the country4 ,this is the fundamental principle of ,american government4 ,a ,republic is a democracy where the people elect representatives to carry on the government4 ,,constitution4 ,when the colonies became independent states each state drew up a charter which recognized its people as authority in government4 ,instead of calling this new instrument a charter they changed the name and called it a ,constitution4 ,this ,constitution is the foundation upon which our government is built4 ,after the thirteen original colonies had established their independence they formed a central government known and expressed in the ,constitution of the ,united ,states which is our fundamental law4 ,in the preamble of the ,constitution of the ,united ,states we find the general purpose for which government is instituted3 ,we1 the people of the ,united ,states1 in order to form a more perfect union1 establish justice1 insure domestic tranquility1 provide for the common defense1 promote the general welfare1 and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity1 do ordain and establish this ,constitution for the ,united ,states of ,america4 ,the ,constitution of the ,united ,states is our fundamental law and no state constitution can conflict with our ,federal ,constitution4 ,there are now forty-eight states in the ,united ,states with forty-eight constitutions framed upon the ,federal ,constitution4 ,each state has its own constitution1 which in no way conflicts with the ,federal ,constitution4 ,the first ,constitution of ,kentucky was adopted ,april #c1 #agib1 at a convention that met in ,danville1 and later on ,june #ast1 #agib1 ,kentucky was admitted into the union as a state4 ,our government is conducted according to our ,national and ,state ,constitutions4 ,in every constitution there is a provision for making a change4 ,these changes are called amendments4 ,an amendment is a law passed by the ,general ,assembly and adopted by a majority of the voters4 ,an amendment to the ,kentucky ,constitution requires a three-fifths vote of the members in both houses of the legislature to pass1 and then it is submitted by the ,general ,assembly to the voters of the ,state1 which requires a majority of the voters to be adopted4 ,the legislature cannot repeal an amendment to the ,constitution1 or pass laws contrary to its provision4 ,the session of nineteen and twenty in ,kentucky passed two amendments pertaining to school matters4 ,one provides for the appointment of the ,superintendent of ,public ,instruction by the ,governor1 and the other amendment provides3 ,that the ,general ,assembly have the power to distribute the school funds4 ,at the next general election we will vote on these two amendments4 ,if the majority of the voters vote yes1 this change will be made1 and the ,general ,assembly will have the power to distribute the school funds and the ,governor will appoint the ,superintendent of ,public ,instruction4 ,the ,federal ,constitution may be amended by two-thirds vote of each ,house of ,congress1 and if passed must be referred to the state legislatures for ratification4 ,the amendments to the ,constitution of the ,united ,states do not become a part of the ,constitution until ratified by three-fourths of the ,states1 which is now thirty-six states--there being forty-eight states in the union4 ,there are now eighteen amendments to the ,federal ,constitution4 ,the nineteenth amendment on ,suffrage is still pending1 needing only one more state to give universal suffrage to women4 ,an amendment to a constitution is simply changing some of its provisions1 but a revision is a recasting of the whole constitution4 ,both require the consent of the voters of the ,state4 ,as we have said the revision usually takes place by means of a convention of delegates elected for that purpose by the people4 ,one of the most important parts of every state constitution is the ',bill of ,rights1' which is a statement of the rights which must not be infringed on by the government4 ,in the revision of a state constitution the legislature submits to the people the question of calling a convention to frame a new constitution4 ,if the voters are in favor of a convention they elect delegates to the convention to assist in revising the constitution4 ,the revised constitution is nearly always submitted to the people to vote upon4 ,the amendment known as the eighteenth amendment passed during ,president ,wilson's term of office and is one of great importance to our nation in the protection of the home and humanity4 ,this amendment prohibiting the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors1 reads as follows3 ,sec4 #a4 ,after one year from the ratification of this article1 the manufacture1 sale and transportation of intoxicating liquors within1 the importation thereof into1 or the exportation thereof from the ,united ,states and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited4 ,sec4 #b4 ,the ,congress and the several states shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation4 ,there are now eighteen amendments to our ,federal ,constitution1 and there has never been an amendment repealed4 ,the nineteenth amendment known as the suffrage amendment passed both houses of ,congress on ,may #bast and ,june #dth1 #aiai1 submitting to the states a proposed amendment to the ,federal ,constitution extending suffrage to women4 ,the first state to take action was ,wisconsin1 whose legislature1 ,june #eth1 #aiai1 ratified the amendment4 ,other state ratifications were ,michigan1 ,june #ajth1 ,kansas1 ,new ,york and ,ohio1 ,june #afth1 ,illinois1 ,june #agth1 ,pennsylvania1 ,june #bdth1 ,massachusetts1 ,june #beth1 ,texas1 ,june #bhth1 ,iowa1 ,july #bnd1 ,missouri1 ,july #crd1 ,arkansas1 ,july #bhth1 ,montana1 ,july #cjth1 ,nebraska1 ,august #ast1 ,minnesota1 ,september #hth1 ,new ,hampshire1 ,september #ajth1 ,utah1 ,september #cjth1 ,california1 ,november #ast1 ,maine1 ,november #eth1 ,north ,dakota1 ,december #ast1 ,south ,dakota1 ,december #dth1 ,kentucky1 ,january #fth1 #aibj4 ,the proposed amendment reads as follows3 ,sec4 #a4 ,the right of citizens of the ,united ,states to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the ,united ,states or by any state on account of sex4 ,sec4 #b4 ,congress shall have power1 by appropriate legislation1 to enforce the provisions of this article4 ,the following states had granted state wide woman's suffrage3 ,wyoming #ahfi1 ,colorado #ahic1 ,utah #ahif1 ,idaho #ahif1 ,washington #aiaj1 ,california #aiaa1 ,kansas1 ,arizona and ,oregon #aiab1 ,territory of ,alaska #aiac1 ,montana and ,nevada #aiad1 ,new ,york #aiag1 ,michigan1 ,oklahoma1 ,south ,dakota #aiah4 ,amendments to the ,federal ,constitution may be proposed by ,congress by two-thirds vote1 then submitted to the states for ratification by at least three-fourths of the states acting through their legislatures 7or through state conventions as ,congress may indicate1 or ,congress may call a national convention for this purpose74 ,as has been said eighteen amendments to the ,national ,constitution have been made since its adoption4 ,the nineteenth amendment will soon be adopted in full as it only needs one more state to make the three-fourths or thirty-six states which will give us universal suffrage throughout the ,united ,states4 ,let us remember that the ,constitution of the ,united ,states is the supreme law of the land1 and no law will stand in our courts that is in violation of our ,national ,constitution4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,kinds ,,of ,,government4 ,for convenience the ,united ,states is divided into forty-eight states and each state is divided into counties4 ,kentucky has one hundred and twenty counties4 ,we have ,national1 ,state1 county1 town and city government4 ,,federal ,,or ,,national ,,government4 ,the ,federal or ,national government1 as in state government1 is divided into three parts4 ,the legislative which makes the laws4 ,the judicial which interprets or explains the laws4 ,the executive which enforces the laws4 ,legislative3 ,the legislative department is called the ,congress and is composed of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,senate4 ,the members of the ,house of ,representatives are elected every two years4 ,the number of representatives in a state is apportioned according to population1 and the congressional district from which a member is elected is determined by the legislature of each state4 ,kentucky has eleven congressional districts1 therefore eleven congressmen elected by the people4 ,to be a member of the ,house of ,representatives in ,congress the man or woman must be twenty-five years old1 a citizen of the ,united ,states at least seven years1 and a resident of the state from which he is chosen4 ,he receives a salary of #g1ejj per year1 and an allowance for clerk1 stationery and traveling expenses4 ,every state is entitled to at least one representative4 ,there are now four hundred and thirty-five members in the ,house of ,representatives in ,congress4 ,when the members of a new ,house of ,representatives meet the clerk of the previous ,house calls them to order and the roll is called by states4 ,if a quorum is present they elect a speaker from among the members of the ,house who takes his seat immediately4 ,the other officers are elected as the clerk1 sergeant-at-arms and doorkeeper4 ,the rules of the ,house define the duties of the speaker4 ,the work of the ,house of ,representatives is done through committees4 ,when a bill is introduced it is referred to a committee and this committee may report it back to the ,house either favorably or unfavorably1 or they may not report it at all4 ,if reported favorably it has a chance of receiving consideration4 ,much of the work of ,congress is done in the committee rooms4 ,this is why the selection of committees is so important4 ,when a bill is reported favorably by a committee it is placed upon the calendar which is a register of bills4 ,then the fate of the bill rests with the rules committee of the ,house4 ,the committee on rules1 as other committees1 is elected by the ,house4 ,the party in power usually determines the selection of this committee4 ,impeachment3 ,if a high official is charged with misconduct in office the ,house of ,representatives would impeach him and if found guilty1 the impeachment is carried to the ,senate to be tried4 ,the ,u4 ,s4 ,senate sits as a court of justice4 ,six judges1 one ,president and one ,secretary of ,war have been impeached by the ,house of ,representatives4 ,revenue3 ,all bills for raising revenue must originate in the ,house of ,representatives4 ,,united ,,states ,,senate4 ,the ,senate has ninety-six members1 two from every state in the union1 and are elected for six years1 receiving a salary of #g1ejj a year4 ,the presiding officer of the ,senate is the ,vice ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,the ,united ,states ,senators are elected by the direct voice of the voters of the state according to the #agth amendment to the ,national ,constitution passed in #aiac4 ,a ,united ,states ,senator must be thirty years old1 a citizen of the ,united ,states for nine years1 and must live in the state from which he is elected4 ,the term of office of only one-third of the ,senators expires at the same time1 so at least two-thirds of the ,senate is not new4 ,the ,senate must confirm all appointments made by the ,president and must ratify all treaties made by him with a two-thirds vote4 ,bills originate in the ,senate in the same way as in the ,house1 referred to a committee and their course is directly the same4 ,when passed by both ,houses the ,president has ten days to sign or veto them4 ,without his signature they become a law1 unless ,congress by adjourning prevents the return within ten days4 ,the committees of the ,senate are elected by its members4 ,bills are passed in ,congress similar to that in the legislature of a state4 ,they are introduced by a member in either house and must pass both houses1 then signed by the presiding officers and clerks and go to the ,president for his signature or veto4 ,the sessions are yearly1 beginning on the first ,monday in ,december1 and last until ,march #dth2 this is known as the short session4 ,the long session occurs in odd numbered years and continues until it is adjourned4 ,the ,president has the power to call special sessions of ,congress4 ,,judicial ,,department4 ,the ,federal courts derive their powers and jurisdiction from the ,constitution and laws of the ,united ,states4 ,the judicial powers of the ,united ,states shall be vested in one ,supreme ,court1 and in such inferior courts as ,congress may from time to time establish4 ,the ,supreme ,court of the ,united ,states is the highest and most powerful judicial body in the world4 ,it holds its regular sessions at ,washington1 sitting from ,october to ,july4 ,the chief justice and eight associate justices constitute the ,supreme ,court of the ,united ,states1 and are appointed for life by the ,president of the ,united ,states and confirmed by the ,united ,states ,senate4 ,the salary of the chief justice is #ae1jjj4jj per year1 and of the associate justices #ad1jjj4jj per year4 ,six judges must be present in the trial of a case and a majority is necessary in rendering a decision4 ,the district judges receive a salary of #f1jjj4jj annually and the judges of the appeals court #g1jjj4jj annually4 ,the judges cannot be removed except for cause1 and then they are impeached in the ,house of ,representatives and tried in the ,united ,states ,senate4 ,the principal ,federal courts that have been organized by ,congress are3 ,the ,supreme ,court1 the ,circuit ,court of ,appeals1 the ,circuit ,court1 the ,district ,court4 ,a ,united ,states judge if he has served ten years may retire on full salary when seventy years old4 ,,executive ,,department4 ,the most important offices in the ,united ,states are the ,president and ,vice ,president4 ,they are legally elected by electors chosen by the voters of the forty-eight states4 ,the ,president of the ,united ,states must be a natural born citizen living in this country for fourteen years at least1 and must be thirty-five years old4 ,he is elected for four years and receives a salary of #ge1jjj4jj annually and residence4 ,congress makes other allowances for expenses4 ,the ,president is the ,commander in ,chief of the army and navy4 ,he appoints every administrative officer except the ,vice ,president4 ,he may call extra sessions1 and may veto bills1 which ,congress can pass over his veto with a two-thirds majority in each ,house4 ,he represents the ,united ,states in all dealings with foreign powers4 ,the ,president appoints the members of his cabinet1 but said appointments must be approved by the ,united ,states ,senate4 ,the ,cabinet consist of a ,secretary of ,state1 ,treasury1 ,war1 ,navy1 ,agriculture1 ,commerce1 ,labor1 ,interior1 the ,attorney ,general and ,postmaster ,general4 ,each member of the ,cabinet receives a salary of #ab1jjj4jj annually4 ,the ,secretary of ,state is the first in rank among the ,cabinet officers1 and in case of the death of the ,president and ,vice ,president would succeed to the office of ,president4 ,the financial manager of the national government is the ,secretary of the ,treasury4 ,the ,secretary of ,war has charge of the military affairs of the nation under the direction of the ,president4 ,he also looks after river and harbor improvements1 and all obstructions to navigation4 ,the ,attorney ,general is the chief law officer of the government4 ,the ,postmaster ,general has charge of the ,post ,office ,department4 ,the ,secretary of ,navy has charge of the construction and equipment of vessels of war4 ,the ,secretary of ,interior has charge of matters pertaining to the internal welfare of the nation1 as public lands1 care of national parks1 the giving of patents for inventions1 ,indian affairs1 education1 etc4 ,the ,secretary of ,agriculture promotes the general agricultural interests of the country4 ,the ,secretary of ,commerce promotes the commercial interest of the nation4 ,the ,secretary of ,labor promotes and develops the welfare of the wage earner of the ,united ,states1 by improving the working conditions and advancing their opportunities for better employment4 ,the ,vice ,president of the ,united ,states must have the same qualifications as the ,president4 ,he receives a salary of #ab1jjj4jj annually4 ,,treaties4 ,the framers of the ,national ,constitution gave the ,united ,states ,senate two important executive powers especially--first1 approving treaties4 ,second1 confirming appointments made by the ,president4 ,all treaties in order to be ratified must receive a two-thirds vote of the ,senators present when the vote was taken4 ,when a treaty has been drawn up the ,president consults with the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations and the ,senate4 ,treaties are considered in secret session4 ,the ,senate may approve or reject a treaty as a whole2 or they may ratify it in part by recommending additional articles as amendments1 but the treaty does not become a law until the ,president and the foreign power agree to the amendment4 ,while the ,senate may approve1 reject or change the terms of a treaty1 all changes must be agreed to by the ,president and the nation interested4 ,when accepted by both nations duplicate parchment copies are made1 and both copies are signed by the chief officers of each country and then exchanged4 ,this is called the exchange of ratification4 ,each nation secures an official copy of the treaty4 ,the ,president publishes the treaty followed by a proclamation4 ,the ,constitution gives the ,president the power to negotiate treaties and conventions with foreign countries4 ,he conducts the negotiation through the department of ,secretary of ,state4 ,the ,president keeps in touch and consults with the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations and with the majority of the leaders in the ,senate during negotiations4 ,the ,president shall have power1 by and with the advice and consent of the ,senate1 to make treaties1 provided two-thirds of the ,senators present concur4 ,the ,federal ,constitution makes treaties a part of the supreme law of the land4 ,any conflicting provision of a state law or ,constitution is repealed4 ,the ,league of ,nations having failed to get the necessary two-thirds vote in the ,united ,states ,senate so far has not become a law4 ,it is opposed by a few senators which prevented it receiving the two-thirds vote4 ,,civil ,,service4 ,a great number of our offices of government are appointed and not elected4 ,over #cjj1jjj positions are filled under the national government appointment4 ,on ,january #afth1 #ahhc1 ,congress passed the ,civil ,service law which established a ,united ,states ,civil ,service ,commission composed of three members1 of which not more than two should belong to the same political party4 ,the commission is appointed by the ,president with the consent of the ,senate4 ,the ordinary ,civil ,service examinations are held twice a year at different places in the country designated by the commission4 ,this commission appoints boards of examiners who hold examinations at least twice a year at ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 and in the states and territories4 ,the commission encourages efficiency by promotion from lower to higher grades of public service4 ,some of the places that come under the civil service system are clerks in ,washington connected with the national government1 officials in the postal service1 the letter carriers and clerks in post offices and railway mail service1 employees in custom houses1 government printing office1 ,indian service and revenue service4 ,senators and representatives are not allowed to recommend any applicant to the board of examiners appointed by the commission4 ,the examinations are practical and the questions pertain to the nature of the work the applicant is to do4 ,persons employed in such public service are under obligations not to contribute to any political fund1 or to render service to any political party4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,state ,,government4 ,the state constitution adopted by the voters is the fundamental law of the state4 ,a state ,constitution cannot interfere with the ,federal ,constitution1 neither can the ,federal ,constitution interfere with the regulation of the state4 ,as has been said the ,kentucky ,constitution was adopted on ,april #c1 #agib1 at a convention which met in ,danville4 ,a state ,constitution is a law made by the people and cannot be changed by the legislature1 but may be amended or revised by the voters4 ,amendments are usually submitted to the legislature and then to the voters4 ,the revision of the ,constitution is by means of a convention of delegates elected by the people4 ,the three departments of state governments are3 ,the legislative1 the lawmaking power2 the judicial1 the law interpreting power2 and the executive1 the law enforcing power4 ,all state governments are divided into these three classes1 the legislative1 judicial and executive4 ,the legislature passes laws which govern people in their relation to each other4 ,the ,kentucky legislature convenes at the capital at ,frankfort every two years on the first ,tuesday after the first ,monday in ,january and remains in session for sixty working days1 not including ,sundays and national holidays4 ,it is composed of two houses1 the ,house of ,representatives1 known as the lower house with one hundred members1 and the ,senate1 known as the upper house with thirty-eight members4 ,the ,kentucky ,general ,assembly is composed of one hundred and thirty-eight members elected by the voters of the ,state in the counties and districts in which they reside4 ,the ,state is divided into senatorial and representative districts1 with a representation based upon population4 ,the term of office for ,senators is four years4 ,a ,senator must be thirty years old1 a citizen of the ,united ,states for nine years and must live in the ,state and district from which he is elected4 ,a ,state ,senator in ,kentucky receives #aj4jj per day for his services during the sitting of the legislature1 mileage to and from home at the rate of ten cents per mile1 and stationery4 ,the ,lieutenant ,governor is the presiding officer of the ,senate4 ,the ,senate sits as a court and tries all impeachments4 ,the president pro tem4 of the ,senate is elected by the members of the body1 also the clerks1 doorkeeper and pages4 ,the president pro tem4 presides in the absence of the ,lieutenant ,governor1 and in case of vacancy to this office would become ,lieutenant ,governor4 ,the president of the ,senate appoints the standing committees1 unless the opposite party is in power1 then the president pro tem4 virtually controls said appointments4 ,to be a member of the ,house of ,representatives a person must be twenty-four years old4 ,his term of office is only two years but he receives the same salary as a ,senator1 #aj4jj per day1 mileage and stationery4 ,the body elects its speaker and other officers1 and has the sole power of impeachment4 ,the principal work in both houses are done through the committees appointed by the ,president of the ,senate and ,speaker of the ,house4 ,a bill is prepared and introduced by a member of the ,senate or ,house4 ,if it pertains to revenue and taxation1 it must originate in the ,house of ,representatives4 ,when a bill is introduced the clerk of the body reads it by title only4 ,the ,president of the ,senate or ,speaker of the ,house then refers it to the proper committee 7of the body in which the bill originated74 ,it is numbered and ordered printed when referred to the committee4 ,the committee considers the bill and usually reports it back with expression of opinion that it should or should not pass to the body in which it originated4 7,the committee may pigeonhole it and not report it1 or may report it too late for action by the body47 ,the bill and the report from the committee is printed and placed on the calendar and takes its turn to be brought up for passage4 7,by consent a bill is acted upon out of its turn47 ,the bill is taken in its regular order from the calendar and read the second time in full by the clerk4 ,it is open to debate or amendment unless the previous question is ordered1 which if adopted cuts off debate and amendment4 ,then the bill is read the third time by title only4 7,any member may demand the reading in full of the engrossed bill if he desires47 ,it is then placed on its passage by the presiding officer of the body1 and if passed it is then transmitted to the ,senate by the ,house clerk1 if a ,house bill4 ,if a ,senate bill1 it is taken by the ,senate clerk to the ,house for consideration4 ,a bill goes through the same form in either body1 after which it is returned to the body in which it originated with or without amendments4 ,if the bill is passed it goes into possession of the clerk of the body in which it originated4 ,then the enrolling clerk of the body in which the bill originated enrolls it verbatim from the original4 ,after it is enrolled it is compared by the committee on enrollment in each ,house4 ,if found correctly enrolled the chairman of each committee reports it to the body1 and it is compared again by the clerks of each body and signed by the clerk of the body in which it originated1 also signed by the ,president of the ,senate and the ,speaker of the ,house4 7,the presiding officer of the ,house in which it originated signs first47 ,then the clerk of that body takes it to the ,governor for his approval4 ,if the ,governor approves it he does so with his signature4 ,it becomes a law at once if it has an emergency clause2 otherwise1 in ninety days after its signature by the ,governor4 ,it is then filed with the ,secretary of ,state4 ,then later on the bills passed during the session are compiled by the ,attorney ,general and known as the ,acts of the ,general ,assembly of that session4 ,if the ,governor vetoes a bill while the ,legislature is in session1 it may be taken up in the house in which it originated1 and passed over his veto1 but must receive a two-thirds vote in each house4 ,the ,governor is allowed ten days after the ,general ,assembly adjourns for approving bills1 and if not signed within that time they become the law without his signature4 ,the passage of a bill in all the states is about the same4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,judiciary ,,department4 ,the state courts derive their powers and jurisdiction from the ,constitution and laws of the state4 ,the courts in different states go by different names1 yet the jurisdiction is about the same4 ,the ,court of ,appeals is the highest court in ,kentucky4 ,it holds annual sessions from about ,september fifteenth to about ,june twenty-second at the ,state ,capitol1 ,frankfort1 ,kentucky4 ,seven judges and one commissioner constitute the ,court of ,appeals in ,kentucky1 and each receives a salary of five thousand dollars per year1 a clerk or secretary and an office furnished in the new capitol building4 ,a person to be a member of the ,court of ,appeals must be thirty-five years old and a citizen of the ,state for five years4 ,he must have resided two years in the judicial district from which he is elected4 ,the ,court of ,appeals or ,supreme ,court is the highest court of the ,state4 ,this court is the ,state court of last resort4 ,the judges of the ,court of ,appeals are elected by the people for a term of eight years1 commencing on the first ,monday in ,january succeeding their election4 ,the cases tried before the ,court of ,appeals are usually appealed to it from the lower courts4 ,there are certain classes of cases that come before the ,court of ,appeals for first trial in which is involved the question of official action of ,state officers4 ,,circuit ,,court4 ,the circuit judge holds this court first in one county and then in another until the circuit of the counties which compose his district is completed4 ,circuit court is held in the court house of the county seat two or three times a year1 presided over by the judge of that district elected by the voters4 7,in case of a vacancy the ,governor of the ,state appoints some lawyer to fill his place47 ,the majority of important cases are tried in this court1 because a jury trial may always be had in the circuit court4 ,the ,constitution of the ,united ,states provides that every man or woman shall have the right to trial by jury in all criminal cases1 and in civil cases involving a sum of more than #bj4jj4 ,twelve citizens known as a grand jury usually meet at the time the circuit court convenes4 ,all violations of law are investigated1 and persons found guilty are indicted by the grand jury4 ,,county ,,court4 ,the county court is held at the county seat of every county and is presided over by the county judge4 ,the county judge is elected by the voters of the county4 ,in this court civil suits are tried in which the sum involved is not over #bjj4jj4 ,it tries the more important cases which do not come before the justice of the peace court1 or city police court4 ,the county judge's office is the most important office in the county4 ,he probates wills and appoints executors1 administrators1 and guardians4 ,he is the head of the fiscal court which looks after all the material interests of the county1 as construction of roads1 care of paupers and the general interest of the county4 ,,justice ,,of ,,the ,,peace ,,court4 ,the justice of the peace court is the lowest court and is held by a justice of peace1 called a magistrate1 who is elected in that magisterial district by the voters4 ,petty misdemeanors involving small sums of money are tried in this court4 ,the justices' courts are found in every community for protection and convenience to the people4 ,the magistrates are members of the fiscal court of the county4 ,,police ,,court4 ,the police courts in towns and cities are similar to the justices' courts4 ,they are necessary in every city to try the petty misdemeanors4 ,a police judge is elected by the voters of the city and tries all petty cases under his jurisdiction4 ,,juries4 ,the grand jury is selected by the court and is composed of not less than twelve responsible and qualified citizens4 ,it is their duty to make a faithful inquiry into all wrongs and violations of the law4 ,they call witnesses before them and make an investigation1 and upon sufficient proof against a person they have them indicted4 ,the proceedings of a grand jury are secret4 ,the terms jury and trial by jury are quite different from a grand jury4 ,the grand jury investigates and inquires into all wrongs and violations of the law and if the person accused is guilty returns an indictment4 ,then the trial jury of twelve persons after hearing the evidence given them in court returns their unanimous verdict one way or other1 otherwise a hung jury4 ,there is a difference between a trial by jury and a grand jury4 ,the petit jury or trial by jury is composed of twelve men1 honest and upright citizens living within the jurisdictional limits of the court1 drawn and selected by officers free from all biased opinion and sworn to render a true verdict according to the law and evidence given them4 ,every citizen is entitled to a fair trial1 even though the accused is known to be guilty4 ,the ,constitution of the ,united ,states gives this right to all citizens4 ,the trial of all crimes shall be by jury except in impeachment4 ,the ,constitution provides that the trial be held in the state where the crime is committed1 and if the crime is not committed in any of the states ,congress has the power to name a place of trial4 ,the jurors decide whether or not the party accused is guilty by a unanimous vote1 and if one or more vote against1 it is called a hung jury4 ,the judge of the court instructs the jurors on the law in the case4 ,,executive ,,department4 ,the executive department of state government is the law enforcing power4 ,the governor of a state is the chief executive4 ,his duty is to see that the laws of his state are executed1 to study the conditions and needs of the state1 and to prepare a message to the legislature setting forth these needs and conditions4 ,he is commander in chief of the state militia4 ,he should fill all vacancies that come under his appointing power1 appoint certain state officers and boards1 grant pardon to convicted criminals when right1 call a special session of the legislature when necessary4 ,the governor represents his state in its relation to the federal government and to other states4 ,the ,governor of ,kentucky receives a salary of six thousand and five hundred dollars per year1 all expenses when on duty for the ,state1 and in addition1 a mansion lighted1 heated1 and furnished1 and three thousand dollars per year for public entertaining4 ,he is elected for four years and cannot succeed himself for re-election4 ,most of the states have the following state officials elected by the voters of the state3 ,governor1 ,lieutenant ,governor1 ,secretary of ,state1 ,treasurer1 ,auditor1 ,attorney ,general1 ,commissioner of ,agriculture and ,superintendent of ,public ,instruction4 ,the ,superintendent of ,public ,instruction1 the ,attorney ,general and the ,secretary of ,state compose the ,board of ,education4 ,,county ,,government4 ,the county is a political division created by the state to administer local affairs1 to act as agent for the state1 to collect taxes1 and enforce state laws4 ,the county owns many of the public buildings such as the court house and jail4 ,every state is divided into counties1 and every village1 town or city is located in some county4 ,as has been said there are one hundred and twenty counties in the ,state of ,kentucky4 ,the county seat of a county is where the business of a county is transacted1 and where the courts of importance are held4 ,it is really the capital of the county4 ,some counties on account of size and population have two county seats4 ,while county government differs in many states there is a uniformity in the organization of counties throughout the union4 ,a county judge is elected in every county by the people4 ,he presides over the county court which is held at the county seat4 ,some of the other officers of the county elected by the voters are3 ,the sheriff1 county superintendent of schools1 circuit clerk1 clerk of the county court1 coroner1 prosecuting attorney1 county attorney1 tax commissioner4 ,,town ,,government4 ,the government of a town is perhaps the nearest approach we have to a direct government by the people themselves4 ,towns as well as counties not only look after their local interest but look after state interest within their boundaries4 ,a community of three hundred or more may upon petition of two-thirds of its inhabitants1 be incorporated as a town4 ,towns as well as counties are organized and governed under general laws passed by the legislature of its state4 ,the incorporated township has a right to hold property and make contracts4 ,,city ,,government4 ,cities like towns and counties receive their right of government through the state by a charter granted by the state legislature4 ,the charter is the fundamental law of the city4 ,the chief executive officer of a city is the mayor who is generally elected by the people4 ,the power of city government is vested in the mayor and the city council4 ,for convenience a city is divided into subdivisions called wards1 and for elections into certain voting precincts called election districts4 ,the board of aldermen or council is composed of one person chosen from each ward by the voters4 ,their power is limited by the city charter4 ,voters are responsible for their government and much of our happiness depends upon the way our city is managed4 ,many cities have adopted the commission form of government by electing a non-partisan ticket composed of several commissioners4 ,each commissioner is put in charge of a division of the city's administration and held responsible for the work of his department4 ,the mayor of a city presides over the meetings of the council and sometimes vetos measures passed4 ,he is elected by the voters4 ,the chief duty of the mayor is to see that the laws and ordinances are enforced4 ,in large cities there is a system of courts extending from the police court to the higher courts4 ,appeals from the courts of the city are taken to the circuit court and may go from there to the ,supreme ,court of the ,state4 ,cities are divided into six classes in ,kentucky3 ,first class having a population of #ajj1jjj or over4 ,second class1 #bj1jjj to #ajj1jjj4 ,third class1 #h1jjj to #bj1jjj4 ,fourth class1 #c1jjj to #h1jjj4 ,fifth class1 #a1jjj to #c1jjj4 ,sixth class1 below #a1jjj4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,party ,,organization4 ,the difference of opinion on national questions is the cause of a number of political parties in the ,united ,states4 ,as long as men and women think for themselves we shall have political parties4 ,it is really the product of a government by public opinion4 ,without political organizations it would be almost impossible to govern the policy and character of the country and control the affairs of the nation4 ,the political parties are the agents through which organizations are made4 ,as a test of one's love of his country and its government is shown by his work and aggressiveness4 ,every citizen should study the ethics of his government1 think for himself1 and form his own opinion4 ,a person with no opinion on public affairs is a coward and unpatriotic4 ,our nation depends largely upon moral and cultured people who will study the issues of the day and express themselves in positive terms on what they deem best for the nation and its government4 ,organization is a number of people systematically united for some end4 ,it is through organization that political parties become effective4 ,political parties arose after the adoption of the ,constitution4 ,they are organized for national1 state and local campaigns1 and not originally a part of the government1 but as we grew and the population became greater there arose different political parties4 ,every district1 village1 town and city has its permanent local campaign committees in elections1 beside the state and national committees1 which make a very complete organization4 ,the duty of the permanent committees is to keep the machinery of the party working4 ,really the permanent committees do the hard work in politics4 ,they organize political clubs1 solicit funds1 issue calls for conventions1 urge people to register and vote and in many other ways keep up the interest of the party4 ,since the adoption of the ,constitution there have been two principal parties advocating different principles4 ,the first parties were known as the ,federalist and anti-,federalist4 ,the two great dominant parties now in the ,united ,states--the ,democratic and ,republican parties4 ,our ,constitution did not provide us with laws as to the way of selecting candidates for office1 but just as soon as political parties came into existence1 nominations followed4 ,,democratic ,,party4 ,the ,democratic party is the oldest4 ,it goes back to the days of ,jefferson4 ,it advocated state rights1 limiting the power of national government1 tariff for revenue only4 ,these were some of the issues discussed before the recent war1 but other important issues in these days of reconstruction have taken their place4 ,,republican ,,party4 ,the ,republican party was formed before the ,civil ,war1 when ,abraham ,lincoln was elected ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,it was originally called the ,federalist party4 ,the ,republican party remained in control of the national government until #ahhd ,grover ,cleveland was elected for two terms1 four years each4 ,this party originally advocated a high tariff4 ,the recent platforms of the two parties now in power will give the issues of the present day4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,committees4 ,the national committee of each party is formed of one member from each state1 who organizes the national convention of his party4 ,the chairman of this committee of each party calls a meeting of his committee in the spring before the presidential election and decides when and where they will hold the national convention4 ,this year the ,democratic convention was held in ,san ,francisco1 beginning on #bhth of ,june4 ,the ,republican convention was held in ,chicago on the #hth of ,june4 ,each convention adopted its own party platform4 ,,democratic4 ,,state ,,central ,,committee ,,of ,,kentucky4 ,the ,state ,central ,committee is the party organization in control of the party in the ,state4 ,it is composed of one man from each of the eleven congressional districts elected by the people and a member at large4 ,,members ,,of ,,state ,,central ,,committee ,,from ,,kentucky4 ,state at ,large--,george ,b4 ,martin1 ,catlettsburg4 ,state ,executive ,committee from ,state at ,large--,j4 ,a4 ,robinson1 ,lancaster4 ,,state ,,central ,,committee ,,by ,,districts4 #ast ,district--,arch ,nelson ,marshall ,co4 7,benton7 #bnd ,district--,ira ,d4 ,smith ,christian ,co4 7,hopkinsville7 #crd ,district--,t4 ,p4 ,dickerson ,barren ,co4 7,glasgow7 #dth ,district--,w4 ,c4 ,montgomery ,hardin ,co4 7,elizabethtown7 #eth ,district--,henry ,j4 ,tilford ,jefferson ,co4 7,louisville7 #fth ,district--,judge ,otto ,wolfe ,campbell ,co4 7,newport7 #gth ,district--,thos ,p4 ,middleton ,henry ,co4 7,eminence7 #hth ,district--,j4 ,h4 ,nichols ,boyle ,co4 7,danville7 #ith ,district--,foster ,b4 ,cox ,jessamine ,co4 7,nicholasville7 #ajth ,district--,j4 ,r4 ,johnson ,pike ,co4 7,pikeville7 #aath ,district--,edward ,gatcliff ,whitley ,co4 7,williamsburg7 ,,democratic ,,state ,,executive ,,committee4 #ast ,district--,thomas ,turner ,trigg ,co4 7,cadiz7 #bnd ,district--,john ,l4 ,dorsey ,henderson ,co4 7,henderson7 #crd ,district--,dr4 ,joe ,m4 ,ferguson ,muhlenberg 7,greenville7 #dth ,district--,chas4 ,hubbard ,larue ,co4 7,hodgenville7 #eth ,district--,fred ,forcht ,jefferson ,co4 7,louisville7 #fth ,district--,w4 ,n4 ,hind ,kenton ,co4 7,covington7 #gth ,district--,w4 ,t4 ,klair ,fayette ,co4 7,lexington7 #hth ,district--,dr4 ,t4 ,r4 ,welch ,jessamine ,co4 7,nicholasville7 #ith ,district--,dr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,whitaker ,morgan ,co4 7,whitesburg7 #ajth ,district--,bailey ,p4 ,wooten ,perry ,co4 7,hazard7 #aath ,district--,cecil ,williams ,pulaski ,co4 7,somerset7 ,chairman ,democratic ,national ,committee1 ,homer ,s4 ,cummings1 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,,republican4 ,,state ,,central ,,committee ,,of ,,kentucky4 ,chas4 ,h4 ,searcy1 ,chairman ,louisville1 ,ky4 ,r4 ,w4 ,hunter1 ,vice ,chairman ,providence1 ,ky4 ,lilburn ,phelps1 ,secretary ,louisville1 ,ky4 ,mrs4 ,lillian ,davis1 ,assistant ,secretary ,louisville1 ,ky4 ,elliott ,callahan1 ,treasurer ,louisville1 ,ky4 ,,national ,,committeemen4 ,a4 ,t4 ,hert ,louisville1 ,ky4 ,at ,large--,maurice ,l4 ,galvin ,covington1 ,ky4 ,at ,large--,r4 ,w4 ,hunter ,providence1 ,ky4 ,at ,large--,mrs4 ,john ,w4 ,langley ,pikeville1 ,ky4 ,at ,large--,ed4 ,w4 ,chenault ,lexington1 ,ky4 #ast ,district--,w4 ,l4 ,prince ,benton1 ,ky4 #bnd ,district--,virgil ,y4 ,moore ,madisonville1 ,ky4 #crd ,district--,clayton ,c4 ,curd ,greenville1 ,ky4 #dth ,district--,d4 ,o4 ,burke ,bradfordville1 ,ky4 #eth ,district--,j4 ,matt ,chilton ,louisville1 ,ky4 #fth ,district--,g4 ,a4 ,seiler ,covington1 ,ky4 #gth ,district--,clarence ,miller ,irvine1 ,ky4 #hth ,district--,h4 ,v4 ,bastin ,lancaster1 ,ky4 #ith ,district--,f4 ,a4 ,field ,ashland1 ,ky4 #ajth ,district--,sam ,collins ,whitesburg1 ,ky4 #aath ,district--,chas4 ,finley ,williamsburg1 ,ky4 ,,county ,,committee4 ,the county committee consists of one man or woman from each elective district in the county1 and the city committee one from each ward or election district in the city4 ,,county ,,convention4 ,the voters of the county of the party they represent meet at the court house at the county seat and elect a temporary chairman and the delegates to represent the party at the ,state convention4 ,if the people of the county favor a certain man for ,president they may instruct their delegates for this man in the ,state convention4 ,the fight at the convention is usually for chairman1 who when elected usually appoints a committee to draw resolutions and names the delegates in the resolutions1 which are reported back to the convention for action4 ,,state ,,convention4 ,the call for ,state convention is issued by the ,state ,central ,committee of the party1 and a copy of the call is sent to the chairman of each local committee4 ,the convention is called to order by the chairman of the ,state ,committee4 ,the secretary of the ,state ,central ,committee reads the call of the convention4 ,the convention is opened with prayer4 ,motions are made that the chair appoint a committee on credentials1 on permanent organization1 and on resolutions4 ,a temporary chairman and secretary are elected4 ,the report of the committee on credentials is read1 giving the number of delegates present1 and rendering a decision concerning contested delegations4 ,the report of the committee on organization is usually adopted at once and names the permanent officers of the convention1 which include a permanent chairman1 secretary1 assistant secretaries1 vice chairman and sergeant-at-arms4 ,the chairman of the convention is generally a prominent party leader1 and when he takes his seat he delivers a speech upon the issues of the campaign4 ,the platform is read by the chairman of the committee on resolutions and usually accepted without amendments4 ,then the convention takes up the nomination of candidates4 ,after the nominations are made the vote is then taken by call of the counties by the secretary4 ,when the candidates receive the number necessary to elect1 generally a majority of all the votes cast1 some one usually moves that his nomination be made unanimous4 ,they elect all the officers in the same way4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,national ,,convention4 ,the ,national ,convention is called to order about noon on the day appointed in the official call1 by the chairman of the national committee4 ,the convention is opened with prayer4 ,the call is read1 after which the national committee names a list of temporary officers for the convention1 temporary chairman1 secretary1 clerks1 sergeant-at-arms and stenographers4 ,the temporary chairman takes the chair and makes a formal speech on the political situation4 ,a resolution is adopted making the rules of the preceding convention the rules of the convention until otherwise ordered4 ,motions are made for the appointment of committees on credentials1 permanent organization1 rules and resolutions1 each consisting of one member from each state and territory4 ,resolutions concerning contested seats are presented to the convention and referred without debate to the committee on credentials4 7,every state is allowed double as many delegates as it has ,senators and ,representatives in ,congress4 ,the four men corresponding to the representation of the ,senate are delegates at large1 the others are district delegates1 which number twenty-two district delegates and four delegates at large1 making twenty-six delegates to the ,national ,convention from ,kentucky47 ,this ends the first session of the convention4 ,when the convention assembles for the second session1 the first business is the report of the credential committee4 ,in deciding contested seats1 the committee on credentials gives each side a chance to present its claims1 and then decides between them1 generally in favor of the regular delegates1 those endorsed by the state and the district committee4 ,two full contesting delegations from the same state1 sometimes seats are given to both1 each delegate being entitled to one-half vote4 ,after the credential committee arrives at a decision concerning contested seats1 its report including a list arranged by the states of all delegates entitled to seats is usually accepted by the convention with very little debate4 ,then the committee on organization make their report1 which consists of a list of permanent officers of the convention--previously arranged to some extent by the national committee4 7,this report is usually arranged beforehand and therefore adopted without much trouble1 if any47 ,a committee is appointed to escort the permanent chairman to the platform1 who usually delivers a speech on the issues of the coming campaign4 ,the chair calls for the committee on rules first1 for their report4 ,two rules of great importance in a ,democratic ,convention are3 ,first--,a rule requiring for the nomination of candidates two-thirds of the whole number of votes in the convention4 ,the ,republican requires only a majority4 ,second ,rule--,the so-called unit rule under which a majority of each state delegation is allowed to cast the entire vote to which the state is entitled even against the protest of a minority of the delegation4 ,these two rules are strictly adhered to in the ,democratic party only4 ,while waiting on the resolution committee's report1 miscellaneous business is disposed of1 such as the election of national committees and of committees on notification4 ,such committees usually consist of one delegate from each state and territory1 the members being designated by the respective delegations4 ,about the third day the resolution committee is ready to report the platform4 ,this platform is a formal statement of the party's attitude upon the public questions of the day2 next to the nomination of candidates it is the most important work of the convention4 ,the platform of any party is usually adopted as read4 ,nominations for candidates are next in order1 and these begin with the roll call of the states arranged alphabetically for the presentation of candidates for the presidential nomination4 ,several candidates are often nominated4 ,the delegation from any state when called in its turn may pass its right of nomination to any other delegation not yet called4 ,some good and influential speaker will nominate the candidate from his state1 and it is usually seconded by a good speaker from some state that has not a candidate4 ,after roll call for nominations is completed the convention proceeds to the first ballot4 ,the chairman of the delegation from his state when the state is called by the secretary of the convention1 arises and announces the vote of his state4 ,sometimes a candidate is nominated by acclamation1 but usually many ballots are necessary to decide the contest4 ,if a candidate is not nominated on the first few ballots1 a dark horse sometimes receives the nomination1 but this is seldom the case4 ,as soon as a candidate receives the number of votes necessary to nominate1 which is two-thirds of the delegates in a ,democratic convention and a majority in a ,republican convention1 usually some one moves that the nomination be made unanimous1 which is adopted with great applause4 ,after the nomination for ,president is over the convention proceeds in the same way to nominate a candidate for ,vice ,president4 ,at the national convention of each party a new national committee is appointed to carry on the campaign and act until the next convention4 ,the platform adopted at the national convention of either party is an expression of the principles of the party4 ,sometimes a plank is put in to catch voters4 ,on some questions the plank may not be plain1 but may straddle the issues4 ,the national platform gives the principles to which the party is committed and its attitude on important public questions4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,registration4 ,in all cities where registration of the voters is required1 men and women register on the same day in the ward or precinct in which they live4 ,for the purpose of registration the polls open from #f o'clock a4 m4 to #i o'clock p4 m4 ,there are four election officers who have a book in which are registered the names of all the legal voters in their precinct4 ,two of these officers are called judges2 one is a sheriff and the other is a clerk4 ,a person desiring to register enters the voting place and announces his or her intention to register4 ,the judge takes the name1 residence1 party affiliation and citizenship1 and may also inquire as to any other matter that would affect his or her right to vote at an election4 ,if found to be qualified1 that is #ba years of age and a resident of the state for one year1 a resident of the county for six months1 and a resident of the precinct for sixty days1 they may register unless in a class prohibited by law from exercising the right to vote4 ,the clerk then writes the name and address in the registration book entering also color and political affiliation4 ,when this is done the registration is completed1 and the elector is qualified to exercise the right of suffrage in all subsequent elections1 special elections and primary elections for one year4 ,the officers of the election give him or her a certificate of registration signed by all four officers of the registration1 and if they lose this certificate they cannot vote at the regular election unless they get a duplicate certificate from the county clerk1 which costs #ej cents4 ,in the different class cities there are some differences as to the method and time of registering1 but in ,kentucky the general registration is usually on the first ,tuesday of ,october1 in all cities and towns of the first1 second1 third1 fourth and fifth classes4 ,the hours for registration are from six o'clock a4 m4 to nine o'clock p4 m4 ,special registrations are held thereafter as follows3 ,one special registration may be held by order of the city authorities1 which will be conducted exactly as the first registration above referred to1 and during the ,monday1 ,tuesday and ,wednesday next preceding the general election day those persons who were absent or sick1 or unable to attend and register on the regular registration days1 may appear before the county court clerk at his office in the court house1 and register1 to have the same effect as if the registration had taken place in the manner above referred to1 also on the day before the election and on election day1 public officers of the state1 and the ,united ,states government1 traveling salesmen and certain ministers of religion may apply before the county court clerk in the court house and be registered if they will make oath that they were not present in their city or town during any of the previous registration days4 ,persons that have become eligible to vote at the general primary election1 which occurs on the first ,saturday in ,august may register two weeks before the election in the county court clerk's office as above described1 provided such persons were not in the city on any of the previous regular registration days1 or who were not then qualified to register and may vote in the primary election in the same manner as other qualified electors4 ,the primary election is conducted in the same manner as any other election4 ,when you register the clerk gives you a certificate of registration1 which you keep to show the election officers when you go to vote1 that you have registered4 ,persons living in the country and small towns do not have to register4 ,name of voter ,consecutive number ,residence ,,united ,,states ,illustration3 ,rooster ,illustration3 ,log cabin ----- ----- _/ _/ _/ _/ ----- ----- ,,democratic ,,party ,,republican ,,party ,for ,presidential ,electors ,for ,presidential ,electors -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,for ,vice-,presidential ,electors ,for ,vice-,presidential ,electors -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,the names of all candidates are arranged in columns1 under the party device to which they belong4 ,a voter by putting a cross mark in the circle under the rooster votes for all the ,democratic nominees of his party4 ,in the circle under the log cabin votes for the ,republican nominees of his party4 ,this does not require a knowledge to even read1 only to be able to distinguish between the pictures of a rooster and a log cabin4 ,,nominations--,,primaries4 ,candidates in the ,united ,states are usually nominated either in a party primary or a nominating convention4 ,primaries are conducted like elections4 ,the name of the party running for an office is put on the ballot of his party with the names of others who have filed similar petitions4 ,on the day set for the primary the voters go to the polls and cast their vote as at a general election4 ,the candidate who receives the largest number of votes is the nominee of the party for that office4 ,primaries cost more than conventions--they are like elections--you have to advertise extensively and meet the voters4 ,in a few months the election follows and you practically go over the same4 ,only the voters who can vote in the party primary are those who registered for the previous election as members of that party4 ,certificates and petitions of nomination must be filed with the ,secretary of ,state not more than seventy-five days and not less than forty-five days1 before the day fixed by law for the election of the persons in nomination1 also certificates and petitions are directed to be filed with the clerk of the county court not more than seventy-five and not less than forty-five days before the election4 ,the primary elections are conducted in the same manner as any other election4 ,the two methods of making nominations are by a caucus or convention system1 and the primary election system4 ,the qualifications for a voter at a primary are the same as election4 ,on the first ,saturday in ,august each year from #f o'clock a4 m4 to #d o'clock p4 m4 there shall be held at the regular polling places in each election precinct a primary election for the nomination of candidates for office by political parties1 to be voted for at the next ,november election4 ,you do not register to vote in the primary1 and a citizen not of age at the time of the primary1 but will be twenty-one before the ,november election can vote in the primary4 ,primaries are conducted similar to elections--about same laws and regulations4 ,,elections4 ,after all the political parties have nominated their candidates then the struggle for election begins4 ,the period of a few months between the nominations and elections is spent by each party in trying to get votes for its candidate4 ,every voter must be twenty-one years old1 a resident of the state for one year1 of the county six months1 and of the precinct sixty days4 ,on election day the voter goes to the polling place and appears before the election officers1 who will probably be the same ones who presided at the registration4 ,you give your name and residence1 and if you live in a city where registration is required you must produce your registration certificate and one of the judges may consult the registration book to see if you have registered4 ,if found to be registered1 the clerk will write your name and address upon the stub of the ballot book and endorse his own name on the back of the ballot1 and remove the ballot from the book leaving the stub 7called the primary stub7 in the book4 ,the voter will go into a voting booth with the ballot folded1 then unfold the ballot1 take the stencil1 press it on the ink pad and if you desire to vote a straight party ticket place the stencil mark in the circle immediately underneath the device of the party whose candidates you desire to vote for4 ,if you desire to vote for candidates irrespective of any party affiliation you will place the stencil mark in the small square immediately following the name of each candidate for whom you desire to vote4 ,when the ballot is thus completed you lay the stencil aside1 fold the ballot in exactly the same manner as when you received it from the clerk and then return it to the judge of the election1 who removes the secondary stub from the ballot and deposits the ballot itself in the ballot box4 ,if any voter spoils or defaces a ballot by mistake so that it cannot be used he may return it1 and get another1 and the fact noted by the clerk by writing the word spoiled on the stub and spoiled ballot4 ,no person except the election officers shall remain within fifty feet of the polls1 except when voting4 ,it shall be the duty of the sheriff in each county before an election to secure in each precinct of the county a suitable room in which to hold the election1 and have sufficient booths in which electors shall mark their ballots1 screened from observation4 ,our laws concerning elections are more stringent in the past few years4 ,every precaution is taken to insure honesty of elections4 ,no officer of election shall do any electioneering on election day4 ,in all elections in ,kentucky the voting shall be by ballot4 ,the ballot boxes are opened and inspected before voting begins to see that they are empty4 ,electioneering is forbidden within one hundred feet of the polls4 ,twice as many official ballots are provided for every polling place as there are registered voters in the district4 ,if a person is illiterate he is allowed assistance in marking his ballot4 ,an inspector may challenge a person's vote1 but if they swear they are eligible their vote is recorded and marked challenged4 ,a person cannot vote who is not naturalized for at least ninety days before election4 ,also a person convicted of bribery or an infamous crime1 a deserter from the army or navy1 and one who bets on that election cannot vote4 ,the ,governor of the ,state may restore one to citizenship so that they can vote4 ,in registration polls are opened from #f a4 m4 to #i p4 m41 but in election polls are opened from #f a4 m4 to #d p4 m4 ,when the polls are closed the ballots are counted by the election officers and announced and placed in ballot box1 which is locked by officers1 who then take the ballot box1 poll books1 certificates1 etc41 to the county clerk who unlocks the box in the presence of the election officers to see if the packages containing the ballots are properly sealed1 and if so1 the county clerk issues his receipt for the box and ballots--one to the judge1 and one to the sheriff4 ,the county clerk within a certain time sends the ballots to a canvassing board which examines them and makes an official announcement of the number of votes cast for each candidate1 and gives them a certificate of their election4 ,the successful candidates are notified and later installed into office4 ,,amendments ,,to ,,constitution4 ,amendments to the ,constitution are handled in the same way as an election4 ,the ballot contains the amendment proposed with ,yes or ,no printed at the side4 ,the party voting crosses out one of these words1 puts the ballot in the blank envelope and returns it as in an election4 ,,voting ,,by ,,mail4 ,voting by mail is often a great convenience4 ,the world is becoming more democratic and the right to vote for representation is now arranged so that all eligible citizens of the ,united ,states1 twenty-one and over1 may have a part in governing his or her country4 ,if a voter is out of the state or county and holds his residence in the same place as when he voted last--or calls home--he or she can vote by mail4 ,he must first register1 which is also done by mail4 ,a printed ballot with return envelope is sent to him4 ,the ballot is marked by placing a cross opposite the name of the candidate voted for1 then put in a blank envelope1 sealed and enclosed in an envelope addressed to the secretary or clerk of the county or chairman of the tellers4 ,this envelope must be signed by the one voting4 ,the blank envelope containing the ballot is opened and the ballot deposited in the ballot box4 ,the one voting must take an oath before a notary public that he or she is eligible4 ,,electors ,,for ,,president ,,and ,,vice ,,president4 ,when the voters go to the polls on election day to vote for ,president and ,vice ,president every four years on the first ,tuesday after the first ,monday in ,november they really cast their ballots for the electors who were nominated at the state convention4 ,the names of the state electors of each party are printed on the ballots under the party name4 ,the ones receiving the most votes are elected1 and are morally bound to vote for the candidate of the party that elected them4 ,the campaign continues until the election on the first ,tuesday after the first ,monday in ,november4 ,the electors elected in ,november meet at their state capital in ,january and vote for ,president and ,vice ,president4 ,the result of this vote is dispatched at once to the ,president of the ,senate at ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,the electors of the different states meet at ,washington on the morning of the second ,monday in ,january after their election1 and give their vote at or after twelve o'clock according to law4 ,on the second ,wednesday in ,february succeeding the meeting of the electors1 the ,senate and ,house of ,representatives meet in the ,hall of ,representatives at #a o'clock p4 m4 with the ,president of the ,senate presiding4 ,two tellers are appointed in each ,house to whom shall be handed1 as they are opened by the ,president of the ,senate1 all the certificates and papers purporting to be certificates of the ---- electoral voters1 which certificates and papers shall be opened1 presented and acted upon in alphabetical order of the states2 said tellers having then read the same in the presence and hearing of the two ,houses1 shall make a list of the voters as they shall appear from the said certificates1 and the votes having been ascertained and counted1 according to law2 the result of the same shall be delivered to the ,president of the ,senate1 who shall announce the result of the vote1 which announcement shall be deemed a sufficient declaration of the persons elected ,president and ,vice ,president of the ,united ,states1 and together with the list of voters be entered on the journals of the two ,houses4 ,if no one receives a majority of all the electoral votes the ,constitution provides that the ,house of ,representatives shall choose a ,president and the ,senate a ,vice ,president4 7,article ,,xii1 ,national ,constitution47 ,the ,president and ,vice ,president are inaugurated on ,march #dth succeeding the election4 ,they take the oath of office on a platform on the east front of the ,capitol4 ,the ,president delivers an address outlining his policies1 then returns to the ,white ,house4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,taxation4 ,the national government is supported by taxation in various ways1 and it requires a great amount of money to carry on the business of our country even in times of peace--over #b1jjj1jjj1jjj4 ,this money is raised through a system of taxation of two kinds--direct and indirect4 ,a direct tax is a tax on real property or a poll tax4 ,an indirect tax is a tax on one individual1 but is indirectly paid by another4 7,taxes assessed on merchandise are indirect1 as the consumer pays them47 ,most of the money is raised by import duties and excise taxes4 ,import duties are taxes on imported goods4 ,excise tax is a tax levied on goods manufactured in this country4 ,duties are taxes on goods imported from foreign countries4 ,the consumer on imported goods indirectly pays the duty assessed by the government4 ,there are two kinds of duties--specific and ad valorem4 ,specific duties are fixed amounts levied on certain commodities as the yard1 pound and gallon4 ,ad valorem duties are levied at a certain rate per cent on the value of the articles taxed4 ,duties are leviable on either imports or exports4 ,imports relate only to goods brought into the country from abroad4 ,exports relate to goods sent out of a country4 ,there is a special system for the collection of import duties1 by naming many places along the coast to be used as ports of entry1 where custom houses in charge of collectors have been established4 ,each custom house has a collector and the government has employed a large force of officers and special agents to overtake any dishonesty--attempting to smuggle goods through without paying duty4 ,the state legislature levies the state tax1 the city council the city tax1 and the taxes to keep up the national government are levied by ,congress4 ,the law making power of ,congress and state legislatures not only have the power of passing laws1 raising money by taxation1 but also the right and power of saying how that money shall be spent4 ,there are several kind of taxes collected for the benefit of the county1 town1 city and state1 viz43 ,poll tax1 income1 inheritance1 franchise1 property4 ,poll tax3 ,this is a tax on the person and not on property4 ,a male citizen twenty-one and over must pay a poll tax of #a4jj even if he has no property4 ,he must pay this tax before he can vote4 ,in ,kentucky the poll tax is one dollar4 ,income ,tax3 ,there is an income tax levied on the income one receives and not on the amount of property he has4 ,it is levied on salaries or profits upon business4 ,unmarried persons with an income of over #a1jjj4jj and married persons with an income of over #b1jjj4jj must pay an income tax4 ,inheritance ,tax3 ,many states have an inheritance tax levied on property inherited4 ,this tax is really designated to reach wealthy people1 and is easily collected since probate court records state the amounts4 ,kentucky has an inheritance tax1 drawn and introduced by ,l4 ,f4 ,johnson1 of ,frankfort1 in #aijf4 ,franchise ,tax3 ,the government or state gives to a person or corporation special privileges1 the rights to use the streets of a city for railway1 water1 lighting1 gas plants1 etc41 is considered valuable property in the right vested in them by their franchise4 ,this is really a source of income and should be taxed4 ,property ,tax3 ,property owners pay a large part of the money raised by taxation4 ,personal property which includes bonds1 stocks1 mortgages1 household goods1 jewels1 etc4 ,real estate which includes houses1 lots1 lands and building4 ,while taxes are levied upon real estate there are some kinds of property exempt from taxation1 viz43 public institutions and libraries1 cemeteries1 school houses1 churches1 and other public buildings4 ,a great amount of revenue is derived by state and local governments from licenses1 fees and special assessments4 ,men and women engaged in certain kinds of business must pay to the national1 state and local governments a license or fees1 as merchants1 peddlers1 manufacturers1 pawnbrokers1 etc4 ,a fee is a sum paid to an officer of the government1 state1 city or county for performing some public service or for a license in business4 ,if you wanted to get a deed to land recorded you would have to pay the officer a fee4 ,the expense of our government is enormous1 but the paying of taxes is one way in which all must take part4 ,,acquisition ,,of ,,new ,,territory4 ,while the acquisition of new territory has increased the expenses of our nation1 yet it has made us the greatest nation in the world4 ,we have expanded by acquisition of new possessions which ,congress organized under the direct control of the ,federal ,government1 but giving them limited powers of self government1 through legislation of their own4 ,when their population is sufficient they will be admitted as states4 ,today our national flag contains forty-eight stars1 and no part of the ,united ,states except ,alaska and ,hawaii remains under a territorial form of government4 ,alaska was purchased from ,russia in #ahfg4 ,the ,president of the ,united ,states1 with the advice and consent of the ,senate1 appoints the governor and judges of the courts4 ,they have a legislature composed of two houses whose members are elected by the people4 ,a delegate to ,congress with the right to take part in debates but not to vote is also elected by the people4 ,hawaii3 ,hawaii is a regularly organized territory and is governed like ,alaska2 ,president appointing the governor with the consent of the ,senate1 etc4 ,possessions3 ,the ,philippines1 ,porto ,rico1 and other islands are possessions rather than territories of the ,united ,states4 ,philippines3 ,the ,governor ,general and eight commissioners appointed by the ,president with the advice and consent of the ,senate are at the head of the general government of the ,philippines4 ,five members of the commission are heads of the executive departments as well as having legislative powers4 ,the other four members have only legislative power4 ,commission3 ,the nine members of the commission appointed by the ,president constitute the ,upper ,house of the ,legislature known as the ,senate4 ,lower ,house3 ,the members of the ,lower ,house of ,representatives are elected by the people of the various civilized districts4 ,the nine commissioners represent the legislative body and have control of that part of the island not civilized4 ,courts3 ,they have a system of courts in which the judges of the ,supreme ,court are appointed by the ,president1 and the judges of the lower courts are appointed by the ,governor ,general with the approval of the commission4 ,commissioners3 ,there are two resident commissioners sent to the ,united ,states from the ,philippines with seats in the ,house of ,representatives1 but cannot vote1 only taking part in the debates4 ,provinces3 ,the islands are divided into provinces each of which is governed by a provincial board of three members1 and each province has its own city or town with its local government4 ,two of the members of the boards are elected by the people1 and the third1 who is the treasurer1 is appointed by the ,governor ,general1 but usually a ,filipino4 ,,porto ,,rico4 ,under ,president ,wilson's administration ,the new organic law granted the people of ,porto ,rico a greater self government than they had ever enjoyed4 ,they have a ,governor appointed by the ,president1 a legislature of two ,houses elected by the people1 and a system of courts4 ,there are seventy-six cities and towns which enjoy some local government4 ,they send as their representative to ,congress1 a resident commissioner4 ,while these new possessions are expensive they add great wealth and power to our nation4 ,taxes are contributions that the people are required by the government to pay in order to meet the expenses of our nation4 ,we are not patriotic unless we respond to the call of our government4 ,,referendum ,,and ,,initiative4 ,some states have the referendum and initiative power of helping to make laws4 ,if a state legislature passes a law that the people do not approve of a petition may be signed by a certain number of voters which will require the law to be referred to the people for their approval or disapproval4 ,referendum means referring a law passed by the legislature back to the voters for their approval or disapproval4 ,if five per cent of the voters of a state and two-thirds of the congressional districts do not approve of a bill passed by the ,general ,assembly they sign a petition and file it with the ,secretary of ,state in ninety days after the ,general ,assembly adjourns4 ,the question involved is then submitted to the voters at the next election for their approval or disapproval4 ,the initiative is the right of the voters to start legislation4 ,the object of the initiative and the referendum is to compel legislative bodies to act and respect the will of the people whom they represent4 ,the initiative petition must be filed four months before the regular election with the ,secretary of ,state4 ,,the ,,district ,,of ,,columbia4 ,the ,district of ,columbia1 including ,washington1 the ,capital of the ,united ,states1 is governed by ,congress and by judicial and executive officers appointed by the ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,the people have no power of self government4 ,the ,constitution gives ,congress the exclusive right of government in the ,district of ,columbia4 ,it is governed by three commissioners appointed by the ,president4 ,one must be an officer of the army and the other two appointed from civil life4 ,congress keeps a watch over the ,district1 and devotes certain days to considering the business of the ,district4 ,the courts of the district are ,court of ,appeals1 ,supreme ,court1 police court1 justices of the peace4 ,the judicial officers are appointed by the ,president4 ,the ,district of ,columbia has no representative in ,congress4 ,,panama ,,canal ,,zone4 ,the ,panama ,canal ,zone is under the control of a governor who is appointed by the ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,it is neutral and open to vessels of commerce and war of all nations1 but war vessels must pass through without delay and while in the canal cannot load or unload troops or munitions of war4 ,the cost of the construction of the canal was about #djj1jjj1jjj4 ,it shortens the voyage from ,new ,york to ,san ,francisco #h1jjj miles4 ,,guam ,,and ,,samoan ,,islands4 ,these islands are naval stations and are governed by the naval officers stationed there4 ,,commerce4 ,commerce is divided between the state and ,federal governments4 ,we have interstate commerce1 foreign commerce and commerce with the ,indians4 ,congress regulates commerce4 ,interstate commerce is carried on in the ,united ,states1 as when goods are shipped from one state to another1 or one place in a state to another1 either by land or water4 ,the ,interstate ,commerce ,commission provided for by ,congress is composed of nine men appointed by the ,president1 and regulates interstate commerce4 ,the members of this commission receive a salary of #aj1jjj4jj annually4 ,,foreign ,,commerce4 ,foreign commerce is commerce carried on with foreign countries4 ,certain regulations are prescribed for vessels engaged in foreign commerce1 ,enter and ,clear ports4 ,all vessels registered in the ,united ,states are protected by the government in any part of the world4 ,only vessels can be registered by a citizen of the ,united ,states4 ,no foreign vessel can register4 ,congress regulates commerce with foreign nations and among the states1 and ,indian tribes4 ,,indian ,,tribes4 ,the government looks after the interest of ,indian affairs4 ,there are about #cjj1jjj ,indians on #aej reservations in different states and territories all under the protection of the ,united ,states4 ,,national ,,parks4 ,the national government has set aside several large tracts of land for ,national ,parks4 ,the ,yellowstone ,national ,park is about half as large as ,massachusetts and is the most beautiful and interesting park in the world4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,voter',s ,,duty ,,as ,a ,,citizen4 ,to vote is an expression of choice for this man or woman for an office4 ,the ballot is the only efficient way to express public opinion and should be regarded as a sacred trust4 ,every person in the state is either a citizen or alien4 ,an alien is a person born in a foreign country who lives here1 but is still a subject of some other country4 ,an alien may become a citizen of the ,united ,states after he has lived in this country for five years and in the state one year4 ,he must be able to read and write his name1 to speak ,english and be of moral character4 ,only white persons and negroes may become naturalized4 ,chinese1 ,japanese and ,east ,indians cannot become citizens unless born in the ,united ,states4 ,unmarried women can become citizens like the men4 ,a married woman is a citizen if her husband is a citizen4 ,she cannot become naturalized by herself4 ,a woman born in the ,united ,states who marries an alien ceases to be an ,american citizen and becomes a subject of the country to which her husband belongs4 ,the wife of a man not a citizen of the ,united ,states cannot vote in this country4 ,if a resident of the ,united ,states she resumes her citizenship at the death of her husband1 or if she is divorced4 ,a foreign born woman who marries a citizen becomes a citizen4 ,an ,american born may live abroad for many years and not lose his or her citizenship4 ,an alien enjoys the same protection of the law as does the citizen4 ,,citizen4 ,a citizen is a person born in the ,united ,states and subject to the jurisdiction thereof4 ,we are living in a democratic government which is a priceless heritage and a great blessing to mankind4 ,democracy demands a sense of responsibility1 personal interest in the affairs of government and respect for human rights4 ,as citizens we must become more conscious and appreciative of the inheritance our forefathers left us4 ,this great inheritance is a wonderful land of opportunity and freedom4 ,to be an intelligent and desirable citizen we must have a knowledge of our ,constitution1 and know by whom and how our country is governed4 ,the man or woman who does not possess some knowledge of how the country is governed--as has been said--may easily become a prey of persons who are anxious to advance their own interests at the expense of the people4 ,the things needed for the use and protection of the people are provided by the people through their government4 ,as a part of the community you enjoy the good roads1 streets1 schools1 libraries and many other things2 therefore1 you have no right to shirk your duty in not helping to maintain your government4 ,if we enjoy the good things in this life without doing our part to have them we are cowards4 ,to live in a country and enjoy its freedom1 peace and comforts and not do our part toward maintaining such peace and comforts we have failed to do our duty toward our fellowman and government1 and may be called a sponger1 a coward and a shirker if we fail to vote and do our part toward maintaining our government4 ,it is not only our duty to vote but we should study and understand public questions so that we can vote intelligently on the issues of the day4 ,we should be interested in the ballot for it is one way in which public opinion may be expressed4 ,every man or woman under the protection of our government should feel obligated to give his or her best to make our government one of high ideals4 ,plato said3 ,only that state is healthy and can thrive which unceasingly endeavors to help the individuals who constitute it4 ,the ,united ,states is both a democracy and a republic4 ,a democracy means a government by the people4 ,a republic is a democracy in which the people elect representatives to carry on the government for them4 ,,united ,,states4 ,the ,united ,states is a great republic composed of more than #ajj1jjj1jjj citizens under the protection of one flag with forty-eight stars which represent the forty-eight states of the union4 ,a citizen might be termed a member of a large society called the ,united ,states4 ,every man1 woman and child is a member of this society1 unless an alien1 an idiot1 or convicted of some infamous crime4 ,the members of this great society when they reach the age of twenty-one have a duty to perform which should be a sacred one4 ,in this society citizenship is defined in the national ,constitution in the fourteenth amendment4 ,all persons born or naturalized in the ,united ,states and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the ,united ,states and of the state wherein they reside4 ,one of the first duties of a citizen is to vote4 ,if we fail to vote we have no right to complain of the condition of affairs1 and how our government is managed4 ,it is a privilege to be a citizen of this great country and a member of this great society called the ,united ,states4 ,it should be a greater privilege to cast our vote in every election and know we are doing our part to keep up the government4 ,there are four ways which we1 as citizens1 can help maintain our government3 ,first3 ,vote at every election1 read and be interested in public affairs4 ,second3 ,help to manage public affairs and be ready to hold an office1 if you are the choice of the people4 ,third3 ,try to understand public questions1 so you can vote intelligently and criticize justly4 ,fourth3 ,remember to pay your share of the expense of doing the work4 ,there are now over #bg1jaa1ccj voting women in the ,united ,states1 soon to take part in all elections1 and share the responsibility as well as the privilege of suffrage4 ,in maintaining this great government of ours two parties are necessary to keep the wheels moving4 ,as has been said1 the two dominant parties now in existence are the ,democratic party and ,republican party4 ,we have learned that parties are means of securing united action among the voters who think alike4 ,it was ,washington who said3 ,the spirit of party unfortunately is inseparable from our nature1 having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind4 ,there must be organization under the direction of leaders to secure united action4 ,let the women of our country come forward and identify themselves with the party of their choice and organize under competent leaders1 showing to the world we not only deem it a great privilege to vote1 but are willing to share the responsibility of making our government the best in the world4 ,will you do your bit to keep this great machinery moving onward and upward8 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,why ,,should ,,women ,,vote8 ,it is important that every woman who possesses the constitutional and statutory qualifications should exercise her right to vote2 because it is only in this way that there can be a fair expression of the political sentiment of the qualified voters on any question4 ,another reason is that the right to vote is not only a privilege but a duty that is imposed by law1 and where one is entitled to exercise that privilege1 the failure to so exercise it is a failure to perform a duty on the part of the voter4 ,then1 if only a small per cent of the women were to vote1 and a large per cent of the men were to vote1 it would always be problematical as to what effect the consensus of the women's opinion would have had in the result1 if a full vote had been polled2 and this questionable result of an election is one of the dangers incident to the exercise of the right of suffrage4 ,if the women manifest anything approaching a unanimous desire to participate in the exercise of this governmental function1 it will have the effect to increase the public confidence in this government and its institutions4 ,men and women without regard to race1 color or social condition1 must take their turn exactly alike at the polling place4 ,each ballot has exactly the same weight in the election1 and the ballot of the poorest man counts just as much as the ballot of the most influential citizen4 ,the voting place is the leveling place1 and when women realize that the exercise of suffrage gives not only the equal right to vote1 but also allows equal expression of opinion1 then the better purpose of woman suffrage will have been accomplished4 ,this equality is not a condescension on the part of women1 but it is the exercise of a right under the law1 to call for the fair expression of opinion from all the people of every social and political standard1 without reference to mental ability1 social standing or business prominence4 ,therefore1 it is the duty of every intelligent woman to vote and use her influence to get the women interested in voting and doing their part in keeping up the government4 ,we know that the lower classes will all vote and many floaters will be found in such classes1 so it behooves the intelligent women to do their part4 ,the vote is the equal right of every one who is qualified under the law1 and every qualified person has one vote1 and that one vote from each one is the thing which the ,constitution is most zealous to secure and safeguard4 ,we appeal to every intelligent woman of the ,united ,states and especially in ,kentucky to take part in the coming campaign4 ,organize under competent leaders and let your organization extend into every precinct4 ,see that the voters register on the first ,tuesday in ,october1 or the special registration days1 then on #bnd day of ,november go to the polls and vote for ,president and ,vice ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,women as well as men in ,kentucky can vote for ,president and ,vice ,president if twenty-one years old and over1 unless an alien1 idiot or have committed some infamous crime4 ,we have suffrage so far1 whether we want it or not1 and let us1 as intelligent women1 not forget the duty it carries with it4 ,we love our government and the good things it gives1 as schools1 good roads1 protection of life and property and the many other things4 ,should we not be willing to do our part to get these things1 or must we be a sponger1 a coward1 or shirker and let our fellow man do all8 ,should we fail to vote and help maintain our government we certainly will come under one of these heads1 that is if we are able to go to the polls and register and vote1 and fail to do it4 ,if you are absent from the county or state you can vote by mail4 ,there is no way to escape our duty unless providentially hindered4 ,in ,kentucky there are #a1bja1ahe voters1 of which #ffc1ded are men and #ecg1gca are women4 ,the white female voters are #dgg1gca4 ,the negro female voters are #fj1jjj4 ,there are #ac1bbe foreign born white males of voting age1 that have been naturalized4 ,let us train ourselves for good citizenship and serve our nation1 state1 county1 city and town in every way possible to make our government one of high ideals and the best in the world4 ,,index ,a4 ,page ,aliens1 ,definition of--to vote1 #ef ,aliens--may become citizens1 #eg ,amendments to ,constitution1 #aj1 #aa1 #ac1 #df ,amendment--extending suffrage1 #ab1 #ac ,ad ,valorem--duty1 #di ,acquisition of new territory1 #ea ,alaska1 #ea ,amendment to ,kentucky ,constitution1 #aj ,amendment1 #ahth and #aith1 #aa1 #ab ,amendment to change ,superintendent of ,public ,instruction1 #aa ,amendment to change school funds of ,kentucky1 #aa ,attorney ,general of ,u4 ,s41 #ah ,agriculture1 ,secretary of1 #ah ,b4 ,bill of ,rights1 #aa ,bill--reported favorably or unfavorably1 #bc ,bills passed in congress and ,state--how1 #bb1 #bc1 #bd ,bills1 legislative--how enacted1 #bb1 #bc ,ballot--picture of1 #db ,ballots--counted1 #de1 #df ,c4 ,citizenship1 #g ,citizen--definition of1 #g1 #eg ,classes of ,citizens1 #g ,civil rights1 #g1 #h ,constitution1 #i ,charter1 #i1 #cj ,constitution--amendment of1 #aj ,constitution--revision1 #aa ,constitution--supreme law1 #ac ,committee--work of1 #ae ,committee on ,rules--,congress1 #ae ,cabinet1 ,u4 ,s4--appointment of1 #ah ,cabinet ,officers--named1 #ah ,court of ,appeals1 #bd ,circuit ,court1 #bd ,county ,court1 #bf ,court of ,justice of ,peace1 #bf ,county ,government1 #bi ,city ,government1 #cj ,city ,council1 #cj ,commission form government1 #cj ,committee--national1 #ch ,convention--national1 #cg ,committee--county1 #ce ,convention--county1 #ce ,convention--state1 #ce ,convention--national1 #cg1 #ch1 #ci ,committee--credential1 #cg1 #ch ,convention--contested seats1 #cg1 #ch ,civil ,service1 #bj ,congressional ,districts1 #ad ,commander-in-,chief of ,national ,army1 #ag ,commerce--secretary of1 #ah ,cities--classes of1 #cj ,committees--how formed1 #cc ,columbia1 ,district of1 #ed ,commerce1 #ed1 #ee ,congressman--qualification1 #ad ,congressmen--number from ,kentucky1 #ad ,d4 ,duty as a citizen1 #ef1 #eg ,democracy1 #i ,departments of ,state1 #ba ,democratic party1 #cb ,democratic convention1 #cg1 #ch ,democratic ,state ,central ,committee1 #cc1 #cd ,democratic ,state ,executive ,committee1 #cd ,district ,judges of ,u4 ,s41 #ag ,direct tax1 #di ,e4 ,executive ,department--national1 #ag1 #ah ,elections1 #dd ,elections--laws of1 #dd1 #de ,electioneering--forbidden1 #de ,election--polls open and closed1 #de ,electors--,president and ,vice ,president1 #dg ,excise ,tax1 #di ,exports1 #di ,exchange of ,ratification1 #ai ,executive ,department of ,state1 #bh ,f4 ,federal ,constitution1 #ac ,federal or ,national ,government1 #ad ,federal ,courts--kinds1 #ag 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