,when all the novelists and spinners of 
elaborate fictions have been read and   
judged1         we shall find that the  
peasant and the nurse         are still 
unsurpassed as mere narrators4 ,they    
are the guardians of that treasury of   
legend         which comes to us from   
the very childhood of         nations2  
they and their tales are the abstract   
and brief chronicles1 not of an age     
merely1 but         of the whole race of
 man4 ,it is theirs to keep             
alive the great art of telling stories  
as a         thing wholly apart from and
 independent of the         art of      
writing stories1 and to pass on their   
art to children and to children's       
children4         ,they abide in a realm
 of their own1 in blessed               
isolation from that world of            
professional         authors and their  
milk-and-water books for                
children4                               
--,c4 ,b4 ,,tinker1 ,in ,praise of      
,nursery                                

,lore1 ,the ,unpopular ,review1         
,october-,december1 #aiaf4              
,,children',s ,,literature  ,a          
,,textbook ,,of ,,sources ,,for         
,,teachers ,,and ,,teacher-,,training   
,,classes  ,,edited1 ,,with             
,,introductions1 ,,notes1 ,,and         
,,bibliographies          ,,by          
,,charles ,,madison ,,curry             
,,and         ,,erle ,,elsworth         
,,clippinger         ,professors of     
,literature in the ,indiana ,state      
,normal ,school  ,illustration          
,,rand ,mc,n,a,l,l,y  ,,company         
,,chicago     ,,new ,,york              
,copyright1 #aibj1 by         ,,rand    
,,mcnally  ,,company                    
,copyright1 #aiba1 by         ,,rand    
,,mcnally  ,,company         ,all rights
 reserved         ,edition of #aibf     
,illustration          ,made in ,u4 ,s4 
,a4     ,,the ,,contents   ,,section ,i 
,,preface ,,and ,,general ,,introduction
    ,general ,bibliography              
#b    ,the ,preface                     

#e    ,general ,introduction            
#g      #a4 ,literature for ,children   
#g      #b4 ,literature in the ,grades  
#h      #c4 ,story-,telling and         
,dramatization                          
#aj      #d4 ,courses of ,study         
#ac   ,,section ,,ii  ,,mother ,,goose  
,,jingles ,,and ,,nursery ,,rhymes      
,bibliography                           
#ah    ,introductory                    
#ai    ,,mother ,,goose 7,shorter       
rhymes73      #a4 ,a cat came fiddling  
out of a barn                           
#bc      #b4 ,a diller1 a dollar        
#bc      #c4 ,as ,i was going to ,st4   
,ives                                   
#bc      #d4 ,as ,i was going up ,pippen
 ,hill                                  
#bc      #e4 ,as ,i went to ,bonner     
#bc      #f4 ,as ,tommy ,snooks and     
,bessie ,brooks                         
#bc      #g4 ,a swarm of bees in ,may   
#bc      #h4 ,baa1 baa1 black sheep     
#bc      #i4 ,barber1 barber1 shave a   
pig                                     

#bc     #aj4 ,birds of a feather flock  
together                                
#bc     #aa4 ,bless you1 bless you1     
burnie bee                              
#bc     #ab4 ,bobby ,shafto's gone to   
sea                                     
#bd     #ac4 ,bow1 wow1 wow             
#bd     #ad4 ,bye1 baby bunting         
#bd     #ae4 ,come when you're called   
#bd     #af4 ,cross patch               
#bd     #ag4 ,curly locks1 curly locks  
#bd     #ah4 ,dance1 little baby        
#bd     #ai4 ,diddle1 diddle1 dumpling  
#bd     #bj4 ,ding1 dong1 bell          
#bd     #ba4 ,doctor ,foster            
#bd     #bb4 ,eggs1 butter1 cheese1     
bread                                   
#bd     #bc4 ,for every evil under the  
sun                                     
#bd     #bd4 ,four-and-twenty tailors   
#be     #be4 ,great ,a1 little a        
#be     #bf4 ,hark1 hark                
#be     #bg4 ,here sits the ,lord ,mayor
                                        
#be     #bh4 ,here we go up1 up1 up     

#be     #bi4 ,hey6 diddle1 diddle       
#be     #cj4 ,hickery1 dickery1 #f and  
#g                                      
#be     #ca4 ,higgledy1 ,piggledy       
#be     #cb4 ,hickory1 dickory1 dock    
#be     #cc4 ,hogs in the garden        
#be     #cd4 ,hot-cross buns            
#bf     #ce4 ,hub a dub dub             
#bf     #cf4 ,humpty ,dumpty sat on a   
wall                                    
#bf     #cg4 ,if all the sea were one   
sea                                     
#bf     #ch4 ,if all the world was      
apple-pie                               
#bf     #ci4 ,if ,i'd as much money as  
,i could spend                          
#bf     #dj4 ,if ifs and ands           
#bf     #da4 ,if wishes were horses     
#bf     #db4 ,i had a little pony       
#bf     #dc4 ,i had a little hobby horse
                                     #bf
     #dd4 ,i have a little sister       
#bg     #de4 ,i'll tell you a story     
#bg     #df4 ,in marble walls as white  
as milk                                 

#bg     #dg4 ,i went up one pair of     
stairs                                  
#bg     #dh4 ,jack and ,jill went up the
 hill                                   
#bg     #di4 ,jack be nimble            
#bg     #ej4 ,jack ,sprat could eat no  
fat                                     
#bg     #ea4 ,knock at the door         
#bg     #eb4 ,ladybird1 ladybird1 fly   
away home                               
#bg     #ec4 ,little boy blue1 come blow
 your horn                           #bg
     #ed4 ,little girl1 little girl1    
where have you been                  #bg
     #ee4 ,little ,jack ,horner         
#bh     #ef4 ,little ,jack ,jingle      
#bh     #eg4 ,little ,johnny ,pringle   
#bh     #eh4 ,little ,miss ,muffet      
#bh     #ei4 ,little ,nancy ,etticoat   
#bh     #fj4 ,little ,robin ,redbreast  
#bh     #fa4 ,little ,tommy ,tucker     
#bh     #fb4 ,long legs1 crooked thighs 
#bh     #fc4 ,lucy ,locket lost her     
pocket                                  
#bh     #fd4 ,matthew1 ,mark1 ,luke1 and

 ,john                                  
#bh     #fe4 ,mistress ,mary1 quite     
contrary                                
#bh     #ff4 ,multiplication is vexation
                                     #bh
     #fg4 ,needles and pins             
#bi     #fh4 ,old ,king ,cole           
#bi     #fi4 ,once ,i saw a little bird 
#bi     #gj4 ,one for the money         
#bi     #ga4 ,one misty1 moisty morning 
#bi     #gb4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e         
#bi     #gc4 ,one1 two                  
#bi     #gd4 ,pat-a-cake1 pat-a-cake1   
baker's man                             
#bi     #ge4 ,pease-porridge hot        
#bi     #gf4 ,peter1 ,peter1            
pumpkin-eater                           
#cj     #gg4 ,peter ,piper picked a peck
                                        
#cj     #gh4 ,poor old ,robinson ,crusoe
                                        
#cj     #gi4 ,pussy-cat1 pussy-cat1     
where have you been                     
#cj     #hj4 ,pussy sits beside the fire
                                     #cj

     #ha4 ,ride a cock-horse to         
,banbury-cross                          
#cj     #hb4 ,ride1 baby1 ride          
#cj     #hc4 ,rock-a-bye1 baby          
#cj     #hd4 ,rock-a-bye1 baby1 thy     
cradle is green                         
#cj     #he4 ,see a pin and pick it up  
#cj     #hf4 ,see1 saw1 sacradown       
#ca     #hg4 ,shoe the little horse     
#ca     #hh4 ,sing a song of sixpence   
#ca     #hi4 ,star light1 star bright   
#ca     #ij4 ,the ,king of ,france went 
up the hill                             
#ca     #ia4 ,the lion and the unicorn  
#ca     #ib4 ,the man in the moon       
#ca     #ic4 ,the north wind doth blow  
#ca     #id4 ,the ,queen of ,hearts she 
made some tarts                         
#ca     #ie4 ,there was a crooked man   
#ca     #if4 ,there was a little boy    
went into a barn                        
#cb     #ig4 ,there was a man and he had
 naught                              #cb
     #ih4 ,there was a man in our town  
#cb     #ii4 ,there was an old man      

#cb    #ajj4 ,there was an old woman1   
and what do you think                   
#cb    #aja4 ,there was an old woman    
lived under a hill                      
#cb    #ajb4 ,there was an old woman of 
,leeds                                  
#cb    #ajc4 ,there was an old woman of 
,norwich                                
#cb    #ajd4 ,there was an old woman    
tossed up in a basket                   
#cb    #aje4 ,there was an old woman who
 lived in a shoe                     #cc
    #ajf4 ,there was an owl lived in an 
oak                               #cc   
#ajg4 ,this is the way the ladies ride  
#cc    #ajh4 ,this little pig went to   
market                                  
#cc    #aji4 ,three blind mice          
#cc    #aaj4 ,three wise men of ,gotham 
#cc    #aaa4 ,to market1 to market1 to  
buy a fat pig                           
#cc    #aab4 ,tom1 ,tom1 the piper's son
                                        
#cc    #aac4 ,two-legs sat upon         
three-legs                              

#cc    #aad4 ,when a twister a-twisting 
#cd    #aae4 ,willy boy1 ,willy boy1    
where are you going8                    
#cd     ,,wilhelmina ,,seegmiller       
#aaf4 ,milkweed ,seeds                  
#cd    #aag4 ,an ,anniversary           
#cd    #aah4 ,twink6 twink6             
#cd     ,,mother ,,goose 7,longer       
rhymes7    #aai4 ,a ,was an ,apple-,pie 
#cd    #abj4 ,tom ,thumb's ,alphabet    
#ce    #aba4 ,where ,are ,you ,going    
#ce    #abb4 ,molly and ,i              
#ce    #abc4 ,london ,bridge            
#cf    #abd4 ,i ,saw a ,ship            
#cf    #abe4 ,there ,was an ,old ,woman 
#cf    #abf4 ,little ,bo-,peep          
#cg    #abg4 ,cock a ,doodle ,doo       
#cg    #abh4 ,three ,jovial ,huntsmen   
#cg    #abi4 ,there ,was a ,little ,man 
#cg    #acj4 ,taffy                     
#ch    #aca4 ,simple ,simon             
#ch    #acb4 ,a ,farmer ,went ,trotting 
#ch    #acc4 ,tom the ,piper's ,son     
#ch    #acd4 ,when ,i ,was a ,little    
,boy                                    

#ci    #ace4 ,the ,babes in the ,wood   
#ci    #acf4 ,the ,fox and ,his ,wife   
#dj    #acg4 ,for ,want of a ,nail      
#dj    #ach4 ,a ,man of ,words          
#dj    #aci4 ,jemima                    
#da    #adj4 ,mother ,hubbard and ,her  
,dog                                    
#da    #ada4 ,the ,courtship1 ,merry    
,marriage1 and ,picnic ,dinner of ,cock 
,robin and ,jenny ,wren                 
#db    #adb4 ,the ,burial of ,poor ,cock
 ,robin                                 
#dd    #adc4 ,dame ,wiggins of ,lee1 and
 ,her ,seven ,wonderful ,cats           
#de    #add4 ,this ,is the ,house ,that 
,jack ,built                            
#dg    #ade4 ,the ,egg in the ,nest     
#di    #adf4 ,change ,about             
#di   ,,section ,,iii  ,,fairy          
,,stories--,,traditional ,,tales        
,bibliography                           
#eb    ,introductory                    
#ec     ,,english3    #adg4 ,the ,old   
,woman and ,her ,pig                    
#ef    #adh4 ,henny-,penny              

#eh    #adi4 ,teeny-,tiny               
#ei    #aej4 ,the ,cat and the ,mouse   
#fj    #aea4 ,the ,story of the ,three  
,little ,pigs                           
#fa    #aeb4 ,titty ,mouse and ,tatty   
,mouse                                  
#fc    #aec4 ,the ,story of the ,three  
,bears                                  
#fd    #aed4 ,the ,three ,sillies       
#fg    #aee4 ,lazy ,jack                
#fi    #aef4 ,the ,story of ,mr4        
,vinegar                                
#ga    #aeg4 ,jack and the ,beanstalk   
#gc    #aeh4 ,tom ,thumb                
#gi    #aei4 ,whittington and ,his ,cat 
#hd    #afj4 ,tom ,tit ,tot             
#hi     ,,french3    #afa4 ,little ,red 
,riding ,hood                           
#ib    #afb4 ,true ,history of ,little  
,golden ,hood                           
#id    #afc4 ,puss in ,boots            
#ig    #afd4 ,toads and ,diamonds       
#ajj    #afe4 ,cinderella1 or the       
,little ,glass ,slipper                 
#ajb    #aff4 ,drakestail               

#ajf    #afg4 ,beauty and the ,beast    
#aaj     ,,norwegian3    #afh4 ,why the 
,bear ,is ,stumpy-,tailed               
#abb    #afi4 ,the ,three ,billy-,goats 
,gruff                                  
#abc    #agj4 ,the ,husband ,who ,was to
 ,mind the ,house                       
#abd    #aga4 ,boots and ,his ,brothers 
#abe    #agb4 ,the ,quern at the ,bottom
 of the ,sea                            
#abh     ,,german3    #agc4 ,the        
,traveling ,musicians                   
#aca    #agd4 ,the ,blue ,light         
#acd    #age4 ,the ,elves and the       
,shoemaker                              
#acf    #agf4 ,the ,fisherman and ,his  
,wife                                   
#ach    #agg4 ,rose-,bud                
#adb    #agh4 ,rumpelstiltskin #add     
#agi4 ,snow-,white and ,rose-,red       
#adf     ,,indian3    #ahj4 ,the        
,lambikin                               
#aej    #aha4 ,tit for ,tat             
#aea    #ahb4 ,the ,tiger1 the ,brahman1
 and the ,jackal                        

#aeb    #ahc4 ,pride ,goeth before a    
,fall                                   
#aed     ,,japanese3    #ahd4 ,the      
,mirror of ,matsuyama                   
#aef    #ahe4 ,the ,tongue-,cut ,sparrow
                                        
#aeh     ,,slavic3    #ahf4 ,the ,straw 
,ox                                     
#afj     ,,irish3    #ahg4 ,connla and  
the ,fairy ,maiden                      
#afb    #ahh4 ,the ,horned ,women       
#afd    #ahi4 ,king ,o',toole and ,his  
,goose                                  
#afe   ,,section ,,iv  ,,fairy          
,,stories--,,modern ,,fantastic ,,tales 
,bibliography                           
#agj    ,introductory                   
#aga     ,,abram ,s4 ,,isaacs    #aij4  
,a ,four-,leaved ,clover                
#agd      ,i4 ,the ,rabbi and the       
,diadem                                 
#agd     ,,ii4 ,friendship              
#age    ,,iii4 ,true ,charity           
#age     ,,iv4 ,an ,eastern ,garden     
#agf     ,,samuel ,,taylor ,,coleridge  

#aia4 ,the ,lord ,helpeth ,man and      
,beast                                  
#agg     ,,hans ,,christian ,,andersen  
#aib4 ,the ,real ,princess              
#agi    #aic4 ,the ,emperor's ,new      
,clothes                                
#ahj    #aid4 ,the ,nightingale         
#ahc    #aie4 ,the ,fir ,tree           
#aij    #aif4 ,the ,tinder ,box         
#aie    #aig4 ,the ,hardy ,tin ,soldier 
#bjj    #aih4 ,the ,ugly ,duckling      
#bjc     ,,frances ,,browne    #aii4    
,the ,story of ,fairyfoot               
#bji     ,,oscar ,,wilde    #bjj4 ,the  
,happy ,prince                          
#bag     ,,raymond ,,macdonald ,,alden  
#bja4 ,the ,knights of the ,silver      
,shield                                 
#bbc     ,,jean ,,ingelow    #bjb4 ,the 
,prince's ,dream                        
#bbg     ,,frank ,r4 ,,stockton    #bjc4
 ,old ,pipes and the ,dryad             
#bcc     ,,john ,,ruskin    #bjd4 ,the  
,king of the ,golden ,river             
#bde   ,,section ,v  ,,fables ,,and     

,,symbolic ,,stories    ,bibliography   
#bfb    ,introductory #bfc     ,,aesop  
#bje4 ,the ,shepherd's ,boy             
#bff    #bjf4 ,the ,lion and the ,mouse 
#bff    #bjg4 ,the ,crow and the        
,pitcher                                
#bff    #bjh4 ,the ,frog and the ,ox    
#bfg    #bji4 ,the ,frogs ,desiring a   
,king                                   
#bfg    #baj4 ,the ,field ,mouse and the
 ,town ,mouse                           
#bfh     ,,christina ,g4 ,,rossetti     
#baa4 ,the ,city ,mouse and the ,garden 
,mouse                           #bfh   
,,horace    #bab4 ,the ,country ,mouse  
and the ,town ,mouse                    
#bfh     ,,aesop    #bac4 ,androcles    
#bfi     ,,thomas ,,day    #bad4        
,androcles and the ,lion                
#bgj     ,,aesop    #bae4 ,the ,wind and
 the ,sun                               
#bgb    #baf4 ,the ,goose with the      
,golden ,eggs                           
#bgb     ,,la ,,fontaine    #bag4 ,the  
,hen with the ,golden ,eggs             

#bgb     ,,aesop    #bah4 ,the ,wolf in 
,sheep's ,clothing                      
#bgc    #bai4 ,the ,hare and the        
,tortoise                               
#bgc    #bbj4 ,the ,miller1 ,his ,son1  
and ,their ,ass                         
#bgd    #bba4 ,the ,travelers and the   
,bear                                   
#bgd    #bbb4 ,the ,lark and ,her ,young
 ,ones                                  
#bge    #bbc4 ,the ,old ,man and ,his   
,sons                                   
#bge    #bbd4 ,the ,fox and the ,grapes 
#bgf    #bbe4 ,the ,widow and the ,hen  
#bgf    #bbf4 ,the ,kid and the ,wolf   
#bgf    #bbg4 ,the ,man and the ,satyr  
#bgf    #bbh4 ,the ,dog and the ,shadow 
#bgf    #bbi4 ,the ,swallow and the     
,raven                                  
#bgf    #bcj4 ,mercury and the ,woodman 
#bgf    #bca4 ,the ,mice in ,council    
#bgg    #bcb4 ,the ,mountebank and      
,countryman                             
#bgg    #bcc4 ,the ,milkmaid and ,her   
,pail                                   

#bgh     ,,la ,,fontaine    #bcd4 ,the  
,dairywoman and the ,pot of ,milk       
#bgh     ,from ,,the ,,arabian ,,nights 
#bce4 ,the ,story of ,alnaschar         
#bgi     ,,bidpai 7,indian ,fables7     
#bcf4 ,the ,camel and the ,pig          
#bhj    #bcg4 ,the ,ass in the ,lion's  
,skin                                   
#bha    #bch4 ,the ,talkative ,tortoise 
#bhb    #bci4 ,a ,lion ,tricked by a    
,rabbit                                 
#bhc     ,,marie ,,de ,,france    #bdj4 
,the ,cock and the ,fox                 
#bhd     ,,la ,,fontaine    #bda4 ,the  
,grasshopper and the ,ant               
#bhd    #bdb4 ,the ,cock1 the ,cat1 and 
the ,young ,mouse                       
#bhe     ,,john ,,gay    #bdc4 ,the     
,hare with ,many ,friends               
#bhf    ,,tomas ,,yriarte    #bdd4 ,the 
,musical ,ass                           
#bhg     ,,ivan ,,krylov    #bde4 ,the  
,swan1 the ,pike1 and the ,crab         
#bhg    ,from the ,,bible     #bdf4 ,the
 ,bramble ,is ,made ,king               

#bhh    #bdg4 ,the ,good ,samaritan     
#bhi    #bdh4 ,the ,prodigal ,son       
#bhi     ,,henry ,,ward ,,beecher       
#bdi4 ,the ,anxious ,leaf               
#bij     ,,benjamin ,,franklin    #bej4 
,the ,whistle                           
#bia    #bea4 ,the ,ephemera            
#bib     ,,joseph ,,addison    #beb4    
,the ,vision of ,mirzah                 
#bid     ,,jane ,,taylor    #bec4 ,the  
,discontented ,pendulum                 
#big     ,,leo ,,tolstoi    #bed4       
,croesus and ,solon                     
#bii   ,,section ,,vi  ,,myths          
,bibliography                           
#cjb    ,introductory                   
#cjc     ,,greek ,,and ,,roman3         
,,grace ,h4 ,,kupfer    #bee4 ,a ,story 
of the ,springtime                      
#cjf     ,,nathaniel ,,hawthorne        
#bef4 ,the ,paradise of ,children       
#cji    #beg4 ,the ,miraculous ,pitcher 
#cai     ,r4 ,e4 ,,francillon    #beh4  
,the ,narcissus                         
#ccj    #bei4 ,the ,apple of ,discord   

#ccb     ,,josephine ,p4 ,,peabody      
#bfj4 ,icarus and ,daedalus             
#cce    #bfa4 ,admetus and the ,shepherd
                                        
#ccg     ,,thomas ,,bulfinch    #bfb4   
,midas                                  
#cch     ,,charles ,,mills ,,gayley     
#bfc4 ,phaethon                         
#cdj     ,,norse3     ,,thomas          
,,bulfinch    #bfd4 ,thor's ,visit to   
,joetunheim                             
#cdc     ,,hamilton ,,wright ,,mabie    
#bfe4 ,odin's ,search for ,wisdom       
#cdh     ,,ethel ,m4 ,,wilmot-,,buxton  
#bff4 ,how the ,fenris ,wolf was        
,chained                                
#cea     ,,anna ,,and ,,eliza ,,keary   
#bfg4 ,frey                             
#ced     ,,hamilton ,,wright ,,mabie    
#bfh4 ,the ,death of ,balder            
#cfj   ,,section ,,vii  ,,poetry        
,bibliography                           
#cfh    ,introductory                   
#cfi     ,,eliza ,,lee ,,follen    #bfi4
 ,the ,three ,little ,kittens           

#cga    #bgj4 ,the ,moon                
#cga    #bga4 ,runaway ,brook           
#cgb    #bgb4 ,ding ,dong6 ,ding ,dong6 
#cgb     ,,elizabeth ,,prentiss    #bgc4
 ,the ,little ,kitty                    
#cgb     ,,sara ,j4 ,,hale    #bgd4     
,mary ,had a ,little ,lamb              
#cgb     ,,theodore ,,tilton    #bge4   
,baby ,bye                              
#cgc     ,,lucy ,,larcom    #bgf4 ,the  
,brown ,thrush                          
#cgd     ,,lydia ,,maria ,,child        
#bgg4 ,thanksgiving ,day                
#cge    #bgh4 ,who ,stole the ,bird's   
,nest                                   
#cge     ,,susan ,,coolidge    #bgi4    
,how the ,leaves ,came ,down            
#cgg     ,,phoebe ,,cary    #bhj4 ,they 
,didn't ,think                          
#cgg    #bha4 ,the ,leak in the ,dike   
#cgh     ,,robert ,,louis ,,stevenson   
#bhb4 ,whole ,duty of ,children         
#cha    #bhc4 ,the ,cow                 
#cha    #bhd4 ,time to ,rise            
#cha    #bhe4 ,rain                     

#cha    #bhf4 ,a ,good ,play            
#chb    #bhg4 ,the ,lamplighter         
#chb    #bhh4 ,the ,land of ,nod        
#chb    #bhi4 ,the ,land of             
,story-,books                           
#chb    #bij4 ,my ,bed ,is a ,boat      
#chc    #bia4 ,my ,shadow               
#chc    #bib4 ,the ,swing               
#chc    #bic4 ,where ,go the ,boats     
#chd    #bid4 ,the ,wind                
#chd    #bie4 ,windy ,nights            
#chd     ,,frank ,,dempster ,,sherman   
#bif4 ,spinning ,top                    
#chd    #big4 ,flying ,kite             
#che    #bih4 ,king ,bell               
#che    #bii4 ,daisies                  
#che     ,,eugene ,,field    #cjj4      
,wynken1 ,blynken1 and ,nod             
#che    #cja4 ,the ,sugar-,plum ,tree   
#chf    #cjb4 ,the ,duel                
#chg     ,,james ,,whitcomb ,,riley     
#cjc4 ,the ,treasures of the ,wise ,man 
#chg    #cjd4 ,the ,circus-,day ,parade 
#chh    #cje4 ,the ,raggedy ,man        
#chi     ,,james ,,hogg    #cjf4 ,a     

,boy's ,song                            
#chi     ,,mary ,,howitt    #cjg4 ,the  
,spider and the ,fly                    
#cij     ,,william ,,howitt    #cjh4    
,the ,wind in a ,frolic                 
#cia     ,,ann ,,taylor    #cji4 ,the   
,cow                                    
#cib    #caj4 ,meddlesome ,matty        
#cib     ,,jane ,,taylor    #caa4 ,i    
,like ,little ,pussy                    
#cic    #cab4 ,the ,star                
#cid     ,,christina ,g4 ,,rossetti     
#cac4 ,seldom or ,never                 
#cid    #cad4 ,an ,emerald ,is as ,green
 as ,grass                              
#cid    #cae4 ,boats ,sail on the       
,rivers                                 
#cid    #caf4 ,a ,diamond or a ,coal8   
#cie    #cag4 ,the ,swallow             
#cie    #cah4 ,who ,has ,seen the ,wind8
                                        
#cie    #cai4 ,milking ,time            
#cie     ,,william ,,brighty ,,rands    
#cbj4 ,the ,peddler's ,caravan          
#cie    #cba4 ,the ,wonderful ,world    

#cif     ,,richard ,,monckton ,,milnes  
#cbb4 ,good-,night and ,good-,morning   
#cif     ,,william ,,roscoe    #cbc4    
,the ,butterfly's ,ball                 
#cig     ,,author ,,unknown    #cbd4    
,can ,you8                              
#cih     ,,robert ,,browning    #cbe4   
,pippa's ,song                          
#cii     ,,charles ,,mackay    #cbf4    
,little and ,great                      
#cii     ,,felicia ,,dorothea ,,hemans  
#cbg4 ,casabianca                       
#cii     ,,william ,,blake    #cbh4     
,three ,things to ,remember             
#djj    #cbi4 ,the ,lamb                
#dja    #ccj4 ,the ,shepherd            
#dja    #cca4 ,the ,tiger               
#dja    #ccb4 ,the ,piper               
#dja     ,,eliza ,,cook    #ccc4 ,try   
,again                                  
#djb     ,,edward ,,lear    #ccd4 ,the  
,owl and the ,pussy-,cat                
#djc    #cce4 ,the ,table and the ,chair
                                        
#djd    #ccf4 ,the ,pobble ,who ,has ,no

 ,toes                                  
#djd     ,,lewis ,,carroll    #ccg4 ,the
 ,walrus and the ,carpenter             
#dje    #cch4 ,a ,strange ,wild ,song   
#djf     ,,isaac ,,watts    #cci4       
,against ,idleness and ,mischief        
#djg    #cdj4 ,famous ,passages from    
,dr4 ,watts                             
#djh     ,,henry ,,wadsworth            
,,longfellow    #cda4 ,the ,skeleton in 
,armor                                  
#djh    #cdb4 ,the ,day ,is ,done       
#daj    #cdc4 ,a ,psalm of ,life        
#daa     ,,charles ,,kingsley    #cdd4  
,the ,three ,fishers                    
#dab    #cde4 ,the ,sands of ,dee       
#dab     ,,alfred ,,tennyson    #cdf4   
,what ,does ,little ,birdie ,say8       
#dac    #cdg4 ,sweet and ,low           
#dac    #cdh4 ,the ,poet's ,song        
#dac    #cdi4 ,crossing the ,bar        
#dad     ,,leigh ,,hunt    #cej4 ,abou  
,ben ,adhem                             
#dad     ,,joaquin ,,miller    #cea4    
,for ,those ,who ,fail                  

#dae     ,,edgar ,,allan ,,poe    #ceb4 
,eldorado                               
#dae     ,,george ,,gordon1 ,,lord      
,,byron    #cec4 ,the ,destruction of   
,sennacherib                            
#daf     ,,william ,,cullen ,,bryant    
#ced4 ,to a ,waterfowl                  
#daf    #cee4 ,the ,planting of the     
,apple-,tree                            
#dag     ,,thomas ,,edward ,,brown      
#cef4 ,my ,garden                       
#dah     ,,william ,,wordsworth    #ceg4
 ,daffodils                             
#dai    #ceh4 ,the ,solitary ,reaper    
#dai     ,,caroline ,,elizabeth ,,norton
    #cei4 ,the ,arab to ,his ,favorite  
,steed                                  
#dbj     ,,robert ,,southey    #cfj4    
,the ,inchcape ,rock                    
#dba     ,,william ,,shakespeare        
#cfa4 ,over ,hill1 ,over ,dale          
#dbc    #cfb4 ,a ,fairy ,scene in a     
,wood                                   
#dbc     ,,ralph ,,waldo ,,emerson      
#cfc4 ,fable                            

#dbd    #cfd4 ,concord ,hymn            
#dbd     ,,sir ,,walter ,,scott    #cfe4
 ,breathes ,there the ,man              
#dbd     ,,oliver ,,wendell ,,holmes    
#cff4 ,old ,ironsides                   
#dbe     ,,william ,,collins    #cfg4   
,how ,sleep the ,brave                  
#dbe     ,,author ,,unknown    #cfh4    
,the ,ballad of ,nathan ,hale           
#dbe     ,,sir ,,francis ,,hastings     
,,doyle    #cfi4 ,the ,red ,thread of   
,honor                                  
#dbg     ,,rudyard ,,kipling    #cgj4   
,recessional                            
#dbh     ,,william ,,ernest ,,henley    
#cga4 ,invictus                         
#dbi     ,,james ,,russell ,,lowell     
#cgb4 ,the ,falcon                      
#dbi    #cgc4 ,the ,shepherd of ,king   
,admetus                                
#dcj     ,,sir ,,william ,,schenck      
,,gilbert    #cgd4 ,the ,yarn of the    
,nancy ,bell                            
#dcj     ,,john ,,townsend ,,trowbridge 
#cge4 ,darius ,green and ,his ,flying   

,machine                           #dcb 
,,william ,,robert ,,spencer    #cgf4   
,beth ,gelert                           
#dcf     ,,author ,,unknown    #cgg4    
,king ,john and the ,abbot of           
,canterbury                         #dcg
   ,,section ,,viii  ,,realistic        
,,stories    ,bibliography              
#ddb    ,introductory                   
#ddc     ,,oliver ,,goldsmith    #cgh4  
,the ,renowned ,history of ,little      
,goody ,two-,shoes                #dde  
,,dr4 ,,john ,,aikin ,,and ,,mrs4       
,,letitia ,,barbauld    #cgi4 ,eyes1 and
 ,no ,eyes                              
#dea     ,,thomas ,,day    #chj4 ,the   
,good-,natured ,little ,boy             
#def     ,,maria ,,edgeworth    #cha4   
,waste ,not1 ,want ,not                 
#deh     ,,juliana ,,horatia ,,ewing    
#chb4 ,jackanapes                       
#dgh     ,,henry ,,seidel ,,canby       
#chc4 ,betty's ,ride                    
#dif     ,,charles ,,major    #chd4 ,the
 ,big ,bear                             

#ejj     ,o4 ,,henry    #che4 ,the ,gift
 of the ,magi                           
#eje   ,,section ,,ix  ,,nature         
,,literature    ,bibliography           
#eaj    ,introductory                   
#eaa     ,,beatrix ,,potter    #chf4    
,the ,tale of ,peter ,rabbit            
#eac     ,,thornton ,,waldo ,,burgess   
#chg4 ,johnny ,chuck ,finds the ,best   
,thing in the ,world                #ead
     ,,albert ,,bigelow ,,paine    #chh4
 ,mr4 ',possum's ,sick ,spell           
#eaf     ,,dallas ,,lore ,,sharp        
#chi4 ,wild ,life in the ,farm-,yard    
#ebj     ,,vernon ,l4 ,,kellogg    #cij4
 ,the ,vendetta                         
#ebd     ,,sewell ,,ford    #cia4       
,pasha1 the ,son of ,selim              
#ebg     ,,ouida 7,,louisa ,,de ,,la    
,,ramee7    #cib4 ,moufflou             
#ecd     ,,olive ,,thorne ,,miller      
#cic4 ,bird ,habits3 ,i4 ,where ,he     
,sleeps ,,ii4 ,his ,travels             
#edh     ,,ernest ,,thompson ,,seton    
#cid4 ,the ,poacher and the ,silver ,fox

                                #eea    
,,david ,,starr ,,jordan    #cie4 ,the  
,story of a ,salmon                     
#eef     ,,rudyard ,,kipling    #cif4   
,moti ,guj--,mutineer                   
#efb     ,,charles ,g4 ,d4 ,,roberts    
#cig4 ,last ,bull                       
#eff   ,,section ,x  ,,romance ,,cycles 
,,and ,,legend    ,bibliography         
#egf    ,introductory                   
#egg     ,from ,,arabian ,,nights       
#cih4 ,ali ,baba1 and the ,forty        
,thieves                                
#egi     ,,felix ,,summerley    ,reynard
 the ,fox    #cii4 ,how ,bruin the ,bear
 ,sped with ,reynard the ,fox           
#ehf    #djj4 ,the ,battle ,between the 
,fox and the ,wolf                      
#eia     ,,sir ,,thomas ,,malory        
,king ,arthur and ,his ,round ,table    
#dja4 ,how ,arthur ,became ,king        
#eid    #djb4 ,a ,tourney with the      
,french                                 
#eig    #djc4 ,adventures of ,arthur    
#eih     ,,maude ,,radford ,,warren     

#djd4 ,arthur and ,sir ,accalon         
#fjc     ,,cervantes-,,saavedra1        
,,miguel ,,de    #dje-daa4 ,stories from
 ,don ,quixote      ,i4 ,dreams and     
,shadows                                
#fjf     ,,ii4 ,preparing for the ,quest
                                        
#fjh    ,,iii4 ,the ,quest ,begins      
#faj     ,,iv4 ,the ,knightly ,vigil    
#fac      ,v4 ,on ,honor's ,field       
#fae     ,,vi4 ,the ,return ,home       
#fag    ,,vii4 ,the ,battle with the    
,windmills                              
#fah     ,,horace ,e4 ,,scudder    #dab4
 ,the ,proud ,king                      
#fbj     ,,eva ,,march ,,tappan    #dac4
 ,robin and the ,merry ,little ,old     
,woman                          #fbc    
,,author ,,unknown    #dad4             
,allen-a-,dale                          
#fbh   ,,section ,,xi  ,,biography ,,and
 ,,hero ,,stories    ,bibliography      
#fcb    ,introductory                   
#fcc     ,,elbridge ,s4 ,,brooks        
#dae4 ,how ,columbus ,got ,his ,ships   

#fce     ,,horace ,e4 ,,scudder    #daf4
 ,the ,boyhood of ,washington           
#fdb     ,,benjamin ,,franklin    #dag4 
,the ,autobiography                     
#fde     ,,helen ,,nicolay    #dah4     
,lincoln's ,early ,days                 
#fee     ,,anna ,,howard ,,shaw    #dai4
 ,in the ,western ,wilderness           
#ffb     ,,charlotte ,m4 ,,yonge        
#dbj4 ,the ,pass of ,thermopylae        
#fga   ,,section ,,xii  ,,home ,,reading
 ,,list ,,and ,,general ,,index    ,home
 ,reading ,lists by ,grades             
#fgi    ,general ,index                 
#fhg     ,,section ,i  ,,preface ,,and  
,,general ,,introduction     ,,selected 
,,general ,,bibliography   ,i4 ,,general
 ,,collections ,,of ,,children',s       
,,literature    ,tappan1 ,eva ,march1   
,the ,children's ,hour4 #aj vols4       
,neilson1 ,william ,patten1 and others1 
,the ,junior ,classics4      #aj vols4  
,sylvester1 ,charles ,h41 ,journeys     
through ,bookland4 #aj vols4            
,aldrich1 ,thomas ,bailey1 and others1  

,the ,young ,folks' ,library4      #cj  
vols4    ,mabie1 ,hamilton ,wright1     
,after ,school ,library4 #ab vols4      
,scudder1 ,horace ,e41 ,the ,children's 
,book4 ,best single-volume              
collection for early grades4    ,barnes1
 ,walter1 ,types of ,children's         
,literature4   ,,ii4 ,,historical       
,,development    ,darton1 ,f4 ,j4       
,harvey1 ,children's ,books1 in         
,cambridge ,history      of ,english    
,literature1 ,vol4 ,,xi1 chap4 xvi4     
,best brief account      of development 
in ,england4 ,elaborate bibliography4   
,tassin1 ,algernon1 ,books for          
,children1 in ,cambridge ,history of    
,american ,literature1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 chap4
 vii4 ,best account of      ,american   
development4 ,extended bibliography4    
,field1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,m41 ,the ,child and  
,his ,book4 ,the history and            
progress of children's literature in    
,england4 ,stops with      #ahbf4       
,moses1 ,montrose ,j41 ,children's      
,books and ,reading4 ,deals      with   

both ,english and ,american side4       
,book-lists and      bibliographies4    
,ashton1 ,john1 ,chapbooks of the       
,eighteenth ,century4    ,halsey1       
,rosalie ,v41 ,forgotten ,books of the  
,american ,nursery4    ,welsh1 ,charles1
 ,a ,bookseller of the ,last ,century4  
,john      ,newbery4    ,godfrey1       
,elizabeth1 ,english ,children in the   
,olden ,time4    ,earle1 ,florence      
,morse1 ,child ,life in ,colonial ,days4
   ,,iii4 ,,guides ,,in ,,teaching   #a4
 ,,specific ,,pedagogy    ,barnes1      
,walter1 ,english in the ,country       
,school4    ,carpenter1 ,g4 ,r41 ,baker1
 ,f4 ,t41 and ,scott1 ,f4 ,n41 ,the     
,teaching      of ,english4 ,pp4        
#aee-ahg1 ,literature in the ,elementary
      ,schools1 by ,professor ,baker4   
,chubb1 ,percival1 ,the ,teaching of    
,english4    ,cox1 ,john ,harrington1   
,literature in the ,common ,school4     
,barron1 ,julia ,s41 ,bacon1 ,corinne1  
and ,dana1 ,j4 ,c41 ,course of          
,study for ,normal ,school ,pupils on   

,literature for ,children4      ,a      
syllabus4    ,hosic1 ,james ,fleming1   
,the ,elementary ,course in ,english4   
,mac,clintock1 ,porter ,lander1         
,literature in the ,elementary          
,school4    ,mc,murry1 ,charles ,a41    
,special ,method in ,reading in the     
,grades4    ,welch1 ,john ,s41          
,literature in the ,school3 ,aims1      
,methods1 and      ,interpretations4    
#b4 ,,more ,,general ,,and              
,,inspirational    ,bates1 ,arlo1 ,talks
 on the ,teaching of ,literature4       
,bennett1 ,arnold1 ,literary ,taste and 
,how to ,form ,it4    ,colby1 ,j4 ,rose1
 ,literature and ,life in ,school4      
,kerfoot1 ,j4 ,b41 ,how to ,read4       
,lee1 ,gerald ,stanley1 ,the ,child and 
the ,book4    ,quiller-,couch1 ,sir     
,arthur1 ,on the ,art of ,reading4      
,children's      ,literature4           
,scudder1 ,horace ,e41 ,literature in   
the ,schools4    ,smith1 ,c4 ,alphonso1 
,what ,can ,literature ,do for ,me8     
,woodberry1 ,george ,e41 ,the           

,appreciation of ,literature4 ,the      
,heart of ,man4   #c4 ,,guides ,,to     
,,books ,,for ,,children    ,arnold1    
,gertrude ,w41 ,a ,mother's ,list of    
,books for ,children4    ,field1 ,walter
 ,taylor1 ,fingerposts to ,children's   
,reading4    ,hunt1 ,clara ,w41 ,what   
,shall ,we ,read to the ,children8      
,lowe1 ,orton1 ,literature for          
,children4    ,macy1 ,john1 ,a ,child's 
,guide to ,reading4    ,moore1 ,annie   
,carroll1 ,roads to ,childhood4         
,olcott1 ,frances ,jenkins1 ,the        
,children's ,reading4    ,one ,thousand 
,good ,books for ,children4 ,classified 
and graded      list prepared by        
,national ,congress of ,mothers'        
,literature      ,committee1 ,alice ,m4 
,jordan1 ,chairman4 ,issued by ,u4 ,s4  
,bureau      of ,education1 ,washington1
 ,d4 ,c41 as ,home ,education ,circular 
,no4 #a4    ,stevens1 ,david ,harrison1 
,the ,home ,guide to ,good ,reading4    
,,iv4 ,,books ,,on ,,story-,,telling    
,allison1 ,s4 ,b41 and ,perdue1 ,h4 ,a41

 ,the ,story in ,primary                
,education4    ,bailey1 ,carolyn        
,sherman1 ,for the ,story-,teller4      
,bryant1 ,sarah ,cone1 ,how to ,tell    
,stories to ,children4 ,stories      to 
,tell to ,children4 ,introduction4      
,cather1 ,katherine ,d41 ,educating by  
,story-,telling4    ,cowles1 ,julia ,d41
 ,the ,art of ,story-,telling4          
,cross1 ,allen1 and ,statler1 ,nellie   
,m41 ,story-,telling for ,upper         
,grades4    ,forbush1 ,william ,b41     
,manual of ,stories4    ,horne1 ,h4 ,h41
 ,story-,telling1 ,questioning1 and     
,studying4    ,keyes1 ,angela ,m41      
,stories and ,story-,telling4           
,kready1 ,laura ,f41 ,a ,study of ,fairy
 ,tales4 ,chap4 iii1 ,the      ,telling 
of ,fairy ,tales4    ,lindsay1 ,maud1   
,the ,story-,teller for ,little         
,children4    ,lyman1 ,edna1 ,story     
,telling3 ,what to ,tell and ,how to    
,tell ,it4    ,mc,murry1 ,charles ,a41  
,special ,method in ,reading in the     
,grades4    ,moore1 ,annie ,c41 ,article

 ,story-,telling1 ,cyclopedia of        
,education4 ,ed4 ,monroe4    ,partridge1
 ,emelyn ,n41 and ,george ,e41          
,story-,telling in the ,school      and 
,home4    ,shedlock1 ,marie ,l41 ,the   
,art of the ,story-,teller4    ,st4     
,john1 ,edward ,porter1 ,stories and    
,story-,telling in ,moral and           
,religious ,education4    ,wiltse1 ,sara
 ,e41 ,the ,place of the ,story in      
,early ,education4    ,wyche1 ,richard  
,thomas1 ,some ,great ,stories and ,how 
to ,tell ,them4   ,v4 ,,on              
,,dramatization    ,briggs1 ,t4 ,h41 and
 ,coffman1 ,l4 ,d41 ,reading in ,public 
,schools4      ,chap4 x1 ,dramatic      
,reading1 and chap4 xxiii1 ,dramatics4  
,curtis1 ,elnora ,w41 ,the ,dramatic    
,instinct in ,education4                
,finlay-,johnson1 ,harriet1 ,the        
,dramatic ,method of ,teaching4         
,gesell1 ,arnold ,l41 and ,beatrice ,c41
 ,the ,normal ,child and ,primary       
,education4 ,chapter on ,dramatic       
,expression4    ,herts1 ,alice ,m41 ,the

 ,children's ,educational ,theatre4     
,nixon1 ,lillian ,e41 ,fairy ,tales a   
,child ,can ,read and ,act4   ,,vi4     
,,the ,,bible ,,as ,,literature ,,for   
,,children    ,moulton1 ,richard ,green1
 ,a ,short ,introduction to the         
,literature      of the ,bible4         
,the simplest and best discussion for   
teachers         of the ,bible as       
literature4 ,the books that             
follow are good sources for story       
material from         the ,bible4       
,baldwin1 ,james1 ,old ,stories from the
 ,east4    ,hodges1 ,george1 ,the       
,garden of ,eden4 ,the ,castle of ,zion4
 ,when      the ,king ,came4            
,houghton1 ,louise ,seymour1 ,telling   
,bible ,stories4    ,moulton1 ,richard  
,green1 ,bible ,stories3 ,old           
,testament4 ,bible      ,stories3 ,new  
,testament4 ,two volumes of ,the ,modern
 ,reader's      ,bible for ,children4   
,the only variations from the text are  
by      omissions4    ,olcott1 ,frances 
,jenkins1 ,bible ,stories to ,read and  

,tell4    ,smith1 ,nora ,archibald1     
,old1 ,old ,tales from the ,old1 ,old   
,book4    ,stewart1 ,mary1 ,tell ,me a  
,true ,story4   ,,vii4 ,,some           
,,interpretations ,,of ,,childhood      
,aldrich1 ,thomas ,bailey1 ,the ,story  
of a ,bad ,boy4    ,du ,bois1           
,patterson1 ,beckonings from ,little    
,hands4    ,gilson1 ,roy ,rolfe1 ,in the
 ,morning ,glow4    ,grahame1 ,kenneth1 
,dream ,days4 ,the ,golden ,age4        
,howells1 ,william ,dean1 ,a ,boy's     
,town4    ,kelly1 ,myra1 ,little        
,citizens4    ,larcom1 ,lucy1 ,a ,new   
,england ,girlhood4    ,loti1 ,pierre1  
,the ,story of a ,child4    ,martin1    
,george ,madden1 ,emmy ,lou1 ,her ,book 
and ,heart4    ,masters1 ,edgar ,lee1   
,mitch ,miller4    ,pater1 ,walter1 ,the
 ,child in the ,house4    ,shute1 ,henry
 ,a41 ,the ,real ,diary of a ,real ,boy4
    ,smith1 ,william ,hawley1 ,the      
,evolution of ,dodd4    ,stuart1 ,ruth  
,mc,enery1 ,sonny4    ,walpole1 ,hugh1  
,jeremy4    ,warner1 ,charles ,dudley1  

,on ,being a ,boy4    ,white1 ,william  
,allen1 ,the ,court of ,boyville4       
,,viii4 ,,social ,,and ,,psychological  
,,background    ,addams1 ,jane1 ,youth  
and ,our ,city ,streets4    ,adler1     
,felix1 ,the ,moral ,instruction of     
,children4    ,antin1 ,mary1 ,the       
,promised ,land4    ,cabot1 ,ella       
,lyman1 ,the ,seven ,ages of ,childhood4
    ,dawson1 ,george ,e41 ,the ,child   
and ,his ,religion4    ,engleman1 ,j4   
,o41 ,moral ,education4    ,griggs1     
,edward ,howard1 ,moral ,education4     
,hall1 ,g4 ,stanley1 ,youth4            
,henderson1 ,c4 ,hanford1 ,education and
 the ,larger ,life4    ,hoyt1 ,franklin 
,chase1 ,quicksands of ,youth4          
,oppenheim1 ,nathan1 ,the ,development  
of the ,child4    ,puffer1 ,j4 ,adams1  
,the ,boy and ,his ,gang4               
,,children',s ,,literature     ,,section
 ,i4 ,,preface ,,and ,,general          
,,introduction  ,,the ,,preface   ,this 
book is primarily a handbook for        
teachers in the grades and for students 

preparing to teach in the grades4       
,although it does not ignore problems of
 grading and presentation1 the chief    
purpose is to acquaint teachers and     
prospective teachers with standard      
literature of the various kinds suitable
 for use in the classroom and to give   
them information regarding books and    
authors to aid them in directing the    
selection of books by and for children4 
,in discussing the early training of    
children in literature with large       
classes of young people preparing for   
teaching in the grades1 the compilers   
found themselves face to face with two  
difficulties4 ,in the first place1 only 
a limited number of these prospective   
teachers were in any real sense         
acquainted with what may be called the  
basic traditional material4 ,rhymes1    
fables1 myths1 stories were so vaguely  
and indistinctly held in mind that they 
were practically of no great value4 ,it 
was therefore not possible to assume    
much real acquaintance with the material

 needed for use with children1 and the  
securing of such an acquaintance seemed 
the first essential4 ,after all is said1
 a discussion of ways and means must    
follow such a mastery of basic material4
  ,in the second place1 there was the   
difficulty of finding in any compact    
form a body of material sufficient in   
extent and wide enough in its range to  
serve as a satisfactory basis for such a
 course4 ,no doubt the ideal way would  
be to send the student to the many      
authoritative volumes covering the      
various fields dealt with in this       
collection4 ,but with large classes and 
a limited amount of time such a plan was
 hardly practicable4 ,the young teacher 
cannot be much of a specialist in any of
 the various fields of knowledge with   
the elements of which he is expected to 
acquaint children4 ,the principles of   
economy demand that the brief courses   
which specifically prepare for teaching 
should be such as will make the work in 
the schoolroom most helpful and least   

wasteful from the very beginning4 ,hence
 this attempt to collect in one volume  
what may somewhat roughly be spoken of  
as material for a minimum basic course  
in ,children's ,literature4  ,the       
important thing about this book1 then1  
is the actual literary material included
 in it4 ,the notes and suggestions      
scattered throughout are aimed to direct
 attention to this material either in   
the way of pointing out the sources of  
it1 or helping in the understanding and 
appreciation of it1 or suggesting some  
ways of presenting it most effectively  
to children4  ,in the case of folk      
material1 an effort has been made to    
present reliable versions of the stories
 used4 ,many of the folk stories1 for   
instance1 appear in dozens of           
collections and in dozens of forms1     
according to the artistic or pedagogic  
biases of the various compilers4 ,as a  
rule the most accessible stories are    
found in versions written down to the   
supposed needs of children1 and intended

 to be read by the children themselves4 
,even if we grant the teacher the right 
to make extensive modifications1 it is  
still reasonable to insist that some    
correct traditional form be used as the 
starting point4 ,such a plan insures a  
mastery of one's material4 ,the sources 
of the versions used in this text are   
pointed out in order that teachers who  
wish to do so may extend their          
acquaintance to other folk material by  
referring to the various collections    
mentioned4  ,such a book as this must   
necessarily be selective4 ,no doubt     
omissions will be noted of poems or     
stories that many teachers deem         
indispensable4 ,others will find        
selections included that to their minds 
are questionable4 ,the editors can only 
plead in extenuation that they have     
included what they have found by        
experience to offer a sound basis for   
discussing with training classes the    
nature of this basic material and the   
form in which it should be presented to 

children4 ,to accomplish these ends it  
has sometimes seemed well to give       
parallel versions1 and occasionally to  
give a version that will necessitate the
 discussion of such subjects as the use 
of dialect1 the inclusion of items of   
terror or horror1 and the soundness of  
the ethical appeal4 ,these various      
problems are indicated in the notes     
accompanying individual selections4     
,the editorial apparatus does not       
constitute a treatise on literary       
criticism1 or a manual of mythology or  
folklore1 or a pedagogy of children's   
literature as such1 or anything like an 
exhaustive bibliography of the fields of
 study touched upon4 ,it aims at the    
very modest purpose of immediate and    
practical utility4 ,it hopes to fill a  
place as a sort of first aid for the    
inexperienced teacher1 and as soon as   
the teacher gets some real grasp of the 
elements of the problem this book must  
yield to the more elaborate and         
well-knit discussions of specialists in 

the various subjects treated4 ,the      
bibliographical references throughout   
are intended to offer help in this      
forward step4 ,these bibliographies are1
 in all cases1 frankly selective4 ,as a 
rule most of the books mentioned are    
books now in print4 ,in the             
bibliographies connected with the       
sections of traditional material some of
 the more important works in the field  
of scholarship are named in each case   
for the benefit of those who may be     
working where such books are available  
in institutional or public libraries4   
,titles of books are printed in italics1
 while titles of poems1 separate        
stories1 and selections are printed in  
roman type inclosed in quotation marks4 
,the grouping of material is in no sense
 a hard and fast one4 ,those who work in
 literary fields understand the pitfalls
 that beset one who attempts such a     
classification4 ,only a general grouping
 under headings used in the ordinary    
popular sense has been made4 ,fine      

distinctions are beside the mark in such
 a book as this4 ,popular literature was
 not made for classification1 but for   
higher purposes1 and anything that draws
 attention from the pleasure-giving and 
spirit-invigorating qualities of the    
literature itself should be avoided4    
,hence1 the classifications adopted are 
as simple and unobtrusive as possible4  
,finally1 the editors make no pretense  
to original scholarship4 ,they have not 
attempted to extend the limits of human 
knowledge1 but to point out pleasant    
paths leading to the limitless domains  
of literature4 ,they have tried to      
reflect accurately the best practices   
and theories1 or to point out how       
teachers may get at the best4 ,their    
obligations to others are too extended  
to be noted in a preface1 but will be   
apparent on every page of the text4     
,their most important lessons have come 
from the reactions secured from hundreds
 of teachers who have been under their  
tuition4  ,copyright obligations are    

indicated in connection with the        
selections used4   ,,general            
,,introduction   #a4 ,,literature ,,for 
,,children  ,the beginnings4 ,during the
 eighteenth century the peoples of      
,europe and ,america turned their       
attention in a remarkable way to a      
consideration of the worth and rights of
 the individual4 ,in ,america this      
so-called democratic movement culminated
 in the ,declaration of ,independence in
 #aggf4 ,the most dramatic manifestation
 of the movement in ,europe was the     
,french ,revolution of #aghi1 but every 
country of ,europe was thrilled and     
changed by the new thought4 ,every      
important democratic movement leads to  
an awakened interest in the welfare of  
children1 for they are among the weak   
and helpless4 ,this great movement of   
the eighteenth century brought such a   
remarkable change of thought regarding  
children as to mark the beginning of a  
new kind of literature1 known as        
literature for children4  ,today we     

think of ,andersen1 ,stevenson1 ,mrs4   
,ewing1 and scores of others as writers 
of literature for children4 ,such       
writers did not exist before the        
democratic movement of the eighteenth   
century4 ,it is true that a few short   
books and articles had been written for 
children as early as the fifteenth      
century1 but they were written to teach 
children to be obedient and respectful  
to parents and masters or to instruct   
them in the customs of the church--they 
were not written primarily to entertain 
children and give them pleasure4 ,within
 the last century and a half1 too1 many 
authors have collected and retold for   
children innumerable traditional stories
 from all parts of the                  
earth--traditional fairy stories1       
romantic stories of the ,middle ,ages1  
legends1 and myths4  ,the child's       
inheritance4 ,as has been indicated1    
children's literature is of two kinds3  
first1 the traditional kind that grew up
 among the folk of long ago in the forms

 of rhyme1 myth1 fairy tale1 fable1     
legend1 and romantic hero story2 and1   
second1 the kind that has been produced 
in modern times by individual authors4  
,the first1 the traditional kind1 was   
produced by early civilization and by   
the childlike peasantry of long ago4    
,the best of the stories produced by the
 childhood of the race have been        
bequeathed to the children of today1 and
 to deprive children of the pleasure    
they would get from this inheritance of 
folklore seems as unjust as to deprive  
them of traditional games1 which also   
help to make the first years of a       
person's life1 the period of childhood1 
the period of imaginative play4 ,the    
second kind of children's literature1   
that produced in modern times by        
individual authors1 has likewise been   
bequeathed to children4 ,some of it is  
so new that its worth has not been      
determined1 but some of it has passed   
the test of the classics4 ,the best of  
both kinds is as priceless as is the    

classical literature for adults4 ,the   
world would not sell ,shakespeare2 yet  
one may well doubt that ,shakespeare is 
worth as much to humanity as is ,mother 
,goose4 ,to evaluate truly the worth of 
such classics is impossible2 but we may 
be assured that the child who has       
learned to appreciate the pleasures and 
the beauties of ,mother ,goose is the   
one most likely to appreciate the       
pleasures and the beauties of           
,shakespeare when the proper time comes4
  ,the true purpose of education is to  
bring the child into his inheritance4   
,for many years educators have talked   
about the use of literature in the      
grades as one means of accomplishing    
this purpose4 ,the results of attempts  
to teach literature in the grades have  
sometimes been disappointing because    
often the literature used has not been  
for the grades2 that is1 it has not been
 children's literature4 ,in other cases 
the attempts have failed because the    
literature has not been presented as    

literature--it has1 for example1 been   
presented as reading lessons or         
composition assignments4 ,students      
preparing to teach in the grades have   
been studying textbooks from which      
literature for children has been        
excluded1 regardless of its artistic    
worth4 ,consequently many teachers have 
not been prepared to teach literature in
 the grades4 ,often they have assumed   
that the reading lesson would develop in
 the pupil an appreciation of good      
literature1 not realizing that the      
reading lesson may cause pupils to      
dislike literature1 especially poetry1  
unless it is supplemented by appropriate
 work in children's literature4 ,if the 
student reads thoughtfully the literary 
selections in the following sections of 
this book1 he probably will realize that
 children's literature is also          
literature for adults1 and that it is   
not only the child's inheritance1 but   
also the inheritance of humanity4  ,the 
fact that literature for children is    

likely to have a strong interest for    
adults is strikingly suggested in a few 
sentences in ,john ,macy's ,a ,child's  
,guide to ,reading3          ,when      
juveniles are really good1 parents read 
them after children have gone to bed4 ,i
 do not         know whether ,tom ,brown
 at ,rugby is catalogued         by the 
careful librarian as a book for boys1   
but ,i am sure it is a book for men4 ,i 
dare say         that a good many pairs 
of eyes that have passed         over   
the pages of ,mr4 ,john ,t4 ,trowbridge 
and         ,elijah ,kellogg and ,louisa
 ,m4 ,alcott have been         old      
enough to wear spectacles4 ,and if ,mrs4
 ,kate         ,douglas ,wiggin ever    
thought that in ,timothy's              
,quest and ,rebecca she was writing     
books         especially for the young1 
adult readers have         long since   
claimed her for their own4 ,i have      
enjoyed ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,pier's tales of   
the boys at         ,st4 ,timothy's1    
though he planned them for              

younger readers4 ,we are told on good   
authority         that ,st4 ,nicholas   
and ,the ,youth's ,companion            
appear in households where there are no 
children1 and they give a considerable  
portion         of their space to serial
 stories written for         young      
people4 ,between good juveniles and good
         books for grown persons there  
is not much         essential           
difference4   #b4 ,,literature ,,in     
,,the ,,grades  ,reading and literature 
distinguished4 ,a country school-teacher
 once abruptly stopped the routine of   
daily work and1 standing beside her     
desk1 told the story of the maid who    
counted her chickens before they were   
hatched4 ,one of her pupils1 who is now 
a man1 remembers vividly how the        
incident impressed him4 ,although he was
 in the second grade1 that was the first
 time he had known a teacher to stop    
regular school work to tell a story4    
,immediately the teacher was            
transformed4 ,she had been merely a     

teacher1 one of those respected1        
awe-inspiring creatures whose business  
it is to make the school mill go2 but   
the magic of her story established the  
relation of friendship between teacher  
and pupil4 ,she was no longer merely a  
teacher4 ,if the story had been read as 
a part of the reading lesson1 it would  
not have impressed the pupil greatly4   
,it was impressive because it was       
presented as literature4  ,a clear      
distinction should be made between      
reading and literature1 especially in   
the primary grades4 ,in the work of the 
reading course the pupil should take the
 lead1 being guided by the teacher4 ,if 
the pupil is to progress1 he must master
 the mechanics of reading--he must learn
 to pronounce printed words and to get  
the meaning of printed sentences and    
paragraphs4 ,the course in reading      
requires patient work on the part of the
 pupil1 just as the course in arithmetic
 does1 and the chief pleasure that the  
primary pupil can derive from the work  

is a consciousness of enlarged power and
 of success in accomplishing what is    
undertaken4  ,in the work with          
literature1 however1 the teacher should 
take the lead4 ,she should open to the  
pupils the magic treasure house of the  
world's best story and song4 ,the       
literature period of the day should be  
the pupil's imaginative play period1    
bringing relief from the tension of     
tired nerves4 ,the teacher who makes the
 study of literature a mechanical grind 
instead of a joyous exercise of         
imagination misses at least two of her  
greatest opportunities as a teacher4    
,first1 by failing to cultivate in her  
pupils an appreciation of good          
literature1 she misses an opportunity to
 make the lives of her pupils brighter  
and happier4 ,second1 by failing to     
realize that the person with a story and
 a song is everybody's friend1 she      
misses an opportunity to win the        
friendship1 admiration1 and love of her 
pupils4 ,the inexperienced teacher who  

is well-nigh distracted in her efforts  
to guide forty restless1 disorderly     
pupils through the program of a day's   
work might charm half her troubles away 
by the magic of a simple story or by the
 music and imagery of a juvenile poem4  
,her story or poem would do more than   
remove the cause of disorder by giving  
the pupils relaxation from              
nerve-straining work3 it would help to  
establish that first essential to all   
true success in teaching--a relation of 
friendship between pupils and teacher4  
,culture through literature4 ,he was a  
wise educator who said1 ,the boy who has
 access to good books and who has       
learned to make them his close friends  
is beyond the power of evil4 ,literature
 in the grades1 in addition to          
furnishing intellectual recreation1     
should so cultivate in the pupil the    
power of literary appreciation that he  
will make good books his close friends4 
,the child who has heard good music from
 infancy is not likely to be attracted  

by popular ragtime4 ,the boy who has    
been trained in habits of courtesy1     
industry1 and pure thinking in his home 
life1 and school life is not likely to  
find pleasure in the rudeness1 idleness1
 and vulgarity of the village poolroom4 
,the pupil who is taught to appreciate  
the beautiful1 the true1 and the good in
 standard literature is not likely to   
find pleasure in reading the            
melodramatic and sentimental trash that 
now has prominence of place and space in
 many book stores and in some public    
libraries4 ,it is the duty of the       
teacher1 and it should be her pleasure1 
to cultivate in her pupils such a taste 
for good literature as will lead them to
 choose the good and reject the bad1 a  
taste that will insure for them the     
culture that good literature gives4     
,selection of material4 ,in choosing    
selections of literary worth to present 
to her pupils1 the teacher should keep  
in mind the pupil's stage of mental     
development and she should not forget   

that the study of literature should give
 pleasure4 ,often pupils do not like    
what moral writers think they should    
like1 and usually the pupils are right4 
,good literature is sincere and is true 
in its appeal to the fundamental        
emotions of humanity1 and an obvious    
attempt to teach a moral theory at the  
expense of truth is no more to be       
tolerated in literature for children    
than in literature for adults4 ,the     
childhood of the race has produced much 
literature with a true appeal to the    
human heart1 in the form of fable1 fairy
 story1 myth1 and hero story4 ,most of  
this literature appeals strongly to the 
child of today4 ,for several hundred    
years the nursery rhymes of ,mother     
,goose have delighted children with     
their melody1 humor1 and imagery4 ,as   
literature for the kindergarten and     
first grade1 they have not often been   
excelled by modern writers4 ,the task of
 selecting suitable material from the   
many poems1 stories1 and books written  

for children in recent years is         
difficult1 but if the teacher has a keen
 appreciation of good literature and is 
guided by the likes and dislikes of her 
pupils1 she probably will not go far    
astray4  ,supplemental reading4 ,if the 
teacher examines the juvenile books     
offered for sale by the book dealers of 
her town or city1 she probably will     
discover that most of them are trash not
 fit to be read by anyone1 and she will 
realize the importance of directing     
parents in the selection of gift books  
for children4 ,a good way to get better 
books into the book stores and into the 
hands of children is to give the pupils 
a list of good books1 with the          
suggestion that they ask their parents  
to buy one of them the next time a book 
is to be bought as a present4 ,such     
lists of books also will improve the    
standard of books in the town library1  
for librarians will be quick to realize 
the importance of supplying standard    
literature if there is a demand for it4 

#c4 ,,story-,,telling ,,and             
,,dramatization  ,story-telling4 ,most  
stories are much more effective when    
well told than they are when read1 just 
as most lectures and sermons are most   
effective when delivered without        
manuscript4 ,to explain just why the    
story well told is superior to the story
 read might not be easy1 but much of the
 superiority probably comes from the    
freedom of the talk style and the more  
appropriate use of inflection and       
emphasis4 ,then1 too1 the story-teller  
can look at her audience and is free to 
add a descriptive word or phrase        
occasionally to produce vividness of    
impression4 ,some stories1 of course1   
are so constructed that they must follow
 closely the diction of the original    
form4 ,henny-,penny and ,kipling's      
,just-,so ,stories are of this type4    
,such stories should be read4 ,most     
stories1 however1 are most effective    
when well told4 ,the teacher1 especially
 the teacher of one of the primary      

grades1 should not consider herself     
prepared to teach literature until she  
has gained something of the art of      
story-telling4  ,selection of stories4  
,never attempt to tell a story that you 
do not like4 ,you are not prepared to   
interest pupils in a story1 however     
appropriate it otherwise may be1 if you 
are not interested in it yourself4 ,try 
to choose stories adapted in structure  
and content to the age and experience of
 the children of your grade4 ,for the   
first or second grade1 choose a few     
simple fables1 a few short1 simple fairy
 tales1 and a few short1 simple nature  
stories1 such as ,peter ,rabbit1 ,how   
,johnny ,chuck ,finds the ,best ,thing  
in the ,world1 and ,mr4 ',possum's ,sick
 ,spell4 ,remember that a story for the 
first or second grade should be short4  
,two principles4 ,learn to apply readily
 the following principles of method3    
,first1 use the past tense in telling a 
story except in direct quotation4 ,the  
rules of grammar require this1 and it is

 an aid to clearness and effectiveness4 
,for example1 do not say1 ,so he goes or
 ,then he says2 but say1 ,so he went or 
,then he said 7or1 for variety1 replied1
 growled1 mumbled1 etc474 ,second1 use  
direct discourse 7the exact words of the
 characters7 rather than indirect       
discourse4 ,for example1 do not say1    
,the ,troll asked who was tripping over 
his bridge2 but say1 ',,who',s ,,that   
tripping over my bridge8' roared the    
,troll4 ,direct discourse always gives  
life and vividness to a story4          
,preparation and presentation4 ,when you
 have selected a suitable story1 read it
 carefully several times to learn the   
essential details and the order in which
 they should come4 ,keep in mind the    
fact that you are to use the past tense 
and direct discourse4 ,if the story is a
 fable1 you probably will see that you  
should add much conversation and        
description not in the text4 ,a little  
description of the witch1 giant1 fairy1 
or castle may give vividness to your    

story4 ,if the story is a long fairy    
tale1 you may see that many details may 
be omitted4 ,if the story is as concise 
and dramatic as is the version of ,the  
,three ,billy-,goats ,gruff in this     
book1 it may be suitable for            
presentation without any changes4 ,when 
you have the story clearly in mind as   
you wish to present it1 tell it to the  
pupils several times1 and then have some
 of them tell it4  ,your story1 of      
course1 should not be told in a lifeless
 monotone4 ,some parts should be told   
slowly1 and others rapidly4 ,in some    
parts the voice should be low and soft1 
while in other parts it should be loud  
and gruff or harsh4 ,the words of the   
princess should not sound like those of 
the old witch or the soldier4 ,the      
daintiness and grace of elves and       
fairies should be indicated in the      
delivery4  ,corroborative opinion4 ,the 
many books on the art of story-telling  
by skilled practitioners and the        
emphasis placed upon the great practical

 value of story-telling by all those    
charged with the oversight of the       
education of children show conclusively 
that the story method in teaching is    
having its grand renascence4 ,the       
,english education minister1 ,mr4 ,h4   
,a4 ,l4 ,fisher1 speaking recently on   
the subject of ,history ,teaching1 set  
forth admirably the general principles  
back of this revival3          ,there is
 no difficulty about interesting        
children4 ,the real difficulty is to    
bore them4         ,almost any tale will
 interest a child4 ,it need         not 
be well constructed or thrilling2 it may
 be         filled with the most        
unexciting and trivial                  
incidents1 but so long as it carries the
 mind         along at all1 it will     
interest a child4 ,the         hunger   
which intelligent children have for     
stories is almost inexhaustible4 ,they  
like to         have their stories      
repeated1 and insist that         the   
characters should reappear over and over

         again1 for they have an        
appetite for reality         and a      
desire to fix these passing figments    
into         the landscape of the real  
life with which they         are        
surrounded4          ,one of the great  
qualities in childhood which            
makes it apt for receiving historical   
impressions is just this capacity for   
giving         body to the phantoms of  
the mind4 ,the limits         between   
the real and the legendary or           
miraculous which are drawn by the       
critical         intelligence do not    
exist for the childish         mind4 4 4
 4 ,it would then be a great educational
         disaster if this valuable      
faculty in childhood         were       
allowed to run to waste4 ,there are     
certain         years in the development
 of every normal         intelligent    
child when the mind is full of          
image-making power and eager to make a  
friend         or enemy of any god1     
hero1 nymph1 fairy1 or         servant  

maid who may come along4 ,then is the   
time when it is right and fitting to    
affect         some introductions to the
 great characters of         mythology  
and history2 that is the age at which   
children will eagerly absorb what they  
can         learn of ,achilles and      
,orpheus1 of ,king ,arthur         and  
his ,knights1 of ,alexander and         
,christopher         ,columbus and the  
,duke of ,wellington4 ,i do not         
think it is necessary to obtrude any    
moralizing         commentary when these
 great and vague images         are     
first brought into the landscape of the 
child's intellectual experience4 ,a     
little         description1 a few       
stories1 a picture or two1         will 
be enough to fix them in the memory and 
to         give them body and shape     
together with the         fairies and   
witches and pirate kings and            
buccaneering captains with whom we have 
all at         one time been on such    
familiar terms4 ,let us         then    

begin by teaching the past to small     
children by way of stories and pictures4
  ,dramatization4 ,the play spirit that 
leads children to play lady1 doctor1    
church1 and school will also lead them  
to enjoy dramatizing stories1 or playing
 the stories1 as they call it4 ,some    
stories1 of course1 are so lacking in   
action as to be not well suited for     
dramatization1 and others have details  
of action1 character1 or situation that 
may not well be represented in the      
schoolroom4 ,the teacher may be         
surprised1 however1 to see how ingenious
 her pupils are in overcoming           
difficulties after they have had a      
little assistance in playing two or     
three stories4 ,unconsciously the pupil 
will get from the dramatization a       
training in oral ,english1 reading1 and 
literary appreciation that can hardly be
 gained in any other way4  ,when the    
pupils have learned a story thoroughly1 
they are ready to make plans for playing
 it4 ,the stage setting may be          

considered first1 and here the child's  
imagination can work wonders in         
arranging details4 ,the opening under   
the teacher's desk may become a dungeon1
 a cave1 a cellar1 or a well4 ,if a     
two-story house is needed1 it may be    
outlined on the floor in the front part 
of the schoolroom1 with a chalk-mark    
stairway1 up which ,goldilocks can walk 
to lie down on three coats--the three   
beds in the bed-chamber of the three    
bears4  ,the pupils can probably soon   
decide what characters are necessary1   
but more time may be required to assign 
the parts4 ,to play the part of a       
spider1 bear1 wolf1 fairy1 sheep1 or    
butterfly does not seem difficult to a  
child who has entered into the spirit of
 the play4  ,the most difficult part of 
dramatization may be the plan for       
conversation1 especially if the text    
version of the story contains little or 
no direct discourse4 ,the pupils should 
know the general nature of the          
conversation and action before they     

begin to play the story1 although they  
need not memorize the parts4 ,suppose   
that the fable ,the ,shepherd's ,boy is 
to be dramatized4 ,the first part of the
 dramatization might be described about 
as follows3          ,the shepherd boy1 
tending his flock of         pupil-sheep
 in the pasture land at one side of     
the teacher's-desk-mountain1 looked     
toward the         pupil-desk-village at
 one side of the room and         said  
quietly1 ,it certainly is lonely here4  
,i         believe ,i'll make those     
villagers think a wolf         has come 
to eat the sheep4 ,then perhaps they'll 
come down here1 and ,i'll have a little 
company         and some excitement4    
,then he jumped around                  
frantically1 waving his                 
yardstick-shepherd's         crook1 and 
shouted to the villagers1 ,wolf6        
,wolf6          ,the villagers came     
rushing down to the pasture             
land1 asking excitedly1 ,where's the    
wolf8 ,has         he killed many of the

 sheep8          ,oh1 oh1 oh1 laughed   
the boy1 there wasn't         any wolf4 
,i certainly did fool you that time4    
,i don't think that's very funny1 said  
one of         the villagers4           
,well1 we might as well go back to our  
work1         said another4 ,then they  
went back to the         village4       
,after they had gone1 the boy said1 ,i  
guess         ,i'll try that joke again4
  ,if the teacher puts much direct      
discourse in a story of this kind when  
she tells it to the pupils1 the task of 
dramatizing will naturally be made      
easier4  ,some stories lend themselves  
in the most natural manner to           
dramatization4 ,an interesting example  
of such a story may be found among the  
tales dealing with the ,wise ,men of    
,gotham4 ,these ,wise ,men are referred 
to in one of the best known of the      
,mother ,goose rhymes4 ,it would seem   
that the inhabitants of ,gotham1 in the 
reign of ,king ,john1 had some reason of
 their own for pretending to be mad1 and

 out of this event the legends took     
their rise4 ,the number of fishermen may
 be changed to seven or some other      
number to suit the number in the acting 
group4 ,here is the story3          ,on 
a certain time there were twelve men of 
,gotham that went to fish1 and some     
stood on dry         land4 ,and in going
 home1 one said to the other         ,we
 have ventured wonderfully in wading4 ,i
 pray         ,god that none of us come 
home to be drowned4         ,nay1 marry1
 said the other1 let us see that1       
for there did twelve of us come out4    
,then they         counted themselves1  
and every one counted         eleven4   
,said the one to the other1 ,there is   
one of us drowned4 ,they went back to   
the brook         where they had been   
fishing and sought up and         down  
for him that was drowned1 making great  
lamentation4          ,a stranger coming
 by asked what it was they              
sought for1 and why they were sorrowful4
 ,oh6         said they1 this day we    

went to fish in the         brook2      
twelve of us came together1 and one is  
drowned4 ,said the stranger1 ,tell how  
many         there be of you4 ,one of   
them1 counting1 said1         ,eleven1  
and again he did not count himself4     
,well1 said the stranger1 what will you 
give         me if ,i find the twelfth  
man8 ,sir1 said         they1 all the   
money we have got4 ,give me the         
money1 said the stranger1 and began with
 the         first1 and gave him a      
stroke over the shoulders         with  
his whip1 which made him groan1 saying1 
,here is one1 and so he served them all1
 and         they all groaned at the    
matter4 ,when he came to         the    
last he paid him well1 saying1 ,here is 
the         twelfth man4 ,god's blessing
 on thy heart1         said they1 for   
thus finding our dear brother4   #d4    
,,courses ,,of ,,study  ,as an aid to   
inexperienced teachers1 it seems well to
 suggest in a summary how a selection of
 material suitable for each grade might 

be made from the material of this book4 
,the summary1 however1 should be        
regarded as suggestive in a general way 
only4 ,no detailed outline of a course  
of study in literature for the grades   
can be ideal for all schools because the
 pupils of a given grade in one school  
may be much more advanced in the        
knowledge of literature and the ability 
to understand and appreciate it than are
 the pupils of the same grade in another
 school4 ,many literary selections1 too1
 might appropriately be taught in almost
 any grade if the method of presentation
 in each case were suited to the        
understanding of the pupils4 ,robinson  
,crusoe1 for example1 may appropriately 
be told to second-grade pupils1 or it   
may be read by fourth- or fifth-grade   
pupils1 or it may be studied as fiction 
by eighth-grade pupils or university    
students4 ,all poems of remarkable      
excellence that are suitable for primary
 pupils are also suitable for pupils in 
the higher grades and for adults1 and   

the same is true of many prose          
selections4  ,the summary that follows1 
then1 is to be regarded as first aid to 
the untrained1 inexperienced teacher4   
,the teacher's own personal likes and   
dislikes and her success in presenting  
various literary selections should      
eventually lead her to modify any       
prescribed course of study4 ,if a       
teacher of the sixth grade discovers    
that her pupils should rank only second 
grade in knowledge and appreciation of  
literature1 she may very properly begin 
with traditional fairy tales4 ,another  
outlined course of study is given in    
,section ,,xii of this book4  ,first1   
second1 and third grades4 ,since pupils 
in the primary grades read with         
difficulty if at all1 the teacher should
 tell or read all selections presented  
as literature in these grades4  ,no kind
 of prose is better suited for use in   
the primary grades than traditional     
fairy tales4 ,about half a dozen might  
well be presented in each of the three  

grades4 ,for the first grade1 the       
simplest should be chosen1 such as ,the 
,old ,woman and ,her ,pig1 ,teeny-,tiny1
 ,the ,cat and the ,mouse1 ,the ,three  
,pigs1 ,the ,three ,bears1 and ,the     
,elves and the ,shoemaker4 ,as suitable 
stories for the second grade1 we might  
choose ,the ,three ,sillies1 ,little    
,red ,riding-,hood1 ,cinderella1 ,the   
,three ,billy-,goats ,gruff1 ,the ,straw
 ,ox1 and ,the ,horned ,women4 ,for the 
third grade1 somewhat longer and more   
complex stories might be chosen4  ,about
 half a dozen fables might also be used 
appropriately in each of the primary    
grades4 ,simple ,aesopic fables in prose
 seem best for the first two grades4    
,more complex forms might be chosen for 
the third grade1 for example1 ,the      
,story of ,alnaschar1 ,the ,good        
,samaritan1 ,the ,discontented          
,pendulum1 ,the ,musical ,ass1 ,the     
,swan1 the ,pike1 and the ,crab1 and    
,the ,hen with the ,golden ,eggs4  ,much
 of the nature literature of the primary

 grades may be in the form of verse1 but
 some simple nature prose may be used   
successfully4 ,from the selections in   
this book1 ,peter ,rabbit should be     
chosen for the first grade1 while       
,johnny ,chuck1 and ,mr4 ',possum's     
,sick ,spell are appropriate for the    
second and third grades4  ,the simplest 
of ,andersen's ,fairy ,tales may be used
 in the third grade1 and perhaps in the 
second4 ,some suitable stories are ,the 
,real ,princess1 ,the ,fir ,tree1 ,the  
,tinder ,box1 ,the ,hardy ,tin ,soldier1
 and ,the ,ugly ,duckling4  ,the ideal  
verse for the first grade is nursery    
rhymes1 which may be chosen from the    
first #ace selections of this book4     
,these may be supplemented by such      
simple verse as ,the ,three ,kittens1   
,the ,moon1 ,ding ,dong1 ,the ,little   
,kitty1 ,baby ,bye1 ,time to ,rise1     
,rain1 ,i ,like ,little ,pussy1 and ,the
 ,star4 ,in the second and third grades1
 traditional verses from those following
 ,number #ace in ,section ,,ii may be   

used4 ,the poems by ,stevenson are ideal
 for these grades1 and those by ,field1 
,sherman1 and ,christina ,rossetti are  
good4 ,in addition the teacher might    
select such poems as ,the ,brown        
,thrush1 and ,who ,stole the ,bird's    
,nest4  ,fourth1 fifth1 and sixth       
grades4 ,although pupils in these       
intermediate grades may be expected to  
read some library books1 the teacher    
should read and tell stories frequently1
 for this is the surest way to develop  
in the pupil a taste for good           
literature4 ,the teacher should         
remember1 too1 that the story she       
recommends to the pupils as suitable    
reading should be about two grades      
easier than those told or read by the   
teacher4 ,probably every poem presented 
as literature in these grades should be 
read or recited by the teacher because  
pupils are not likely to get the charm  
of rhythm1 melody1 and rhyme if they do 
the reading4 ,pupils who dislike poetry 
are pupils who have not heard good      

poetry well read4  ,myths are           
appropriate for each of the intermediate
 grades4 ,most teachers prefer for the  
fourth grade the simpler classical      
myths1 such as ,a ,story of ,springtime1
 ,the ,miraculous ,pitcher1 ,the        
,narcissus1 and ,the ,apple of ,discord4
 ,in the fifth grade1 the teacher may   
use the more difficult classical myths1 
reserving the ,norse myths for the sixth
 grade4  ,modern fairy and fantastic    
stories are also appropriate for each of
 these grades4 ,suitable stories for the
 fourth grade are ,the ,four-,leaved    
,clover1 ,the ,emperor's ,new ,clothes1 
,the ,nightingale1 and ,the ,story of   
,fairyfoot4 ,stories appropriate for the
 fifth grade are ,the ,happy ,prince1   
,the ,knights of the ,silver ,shield1   
and ,the ,prince's ,dream4 ,in the sixth
 grade1 the teacher might use ,old      
,pipes and the ,dryad and ,the ,king of 
the ,golden ,river4  ,two or three      
symbolic stories or fables in verse from
 the last part of ,section ,v should be 

used in each of these grades4  ,nature  
prose should appeal more and more to    
children as they advance from the fourth
 to the eighth grade4 ,many pupils in   
the fourth grade will enjoy reading for 
themselves books by ,burgess and ,paine1
 while fifth- and sixth-grade pupils    
will get much pleasure from the simpler 
books by ,sharp1 ,seton1 ,long1 ,miller1
 and ,roberts4 ,in the intermediate     
grades1 the teacher may read such       
stories as ,wild ,life in the ,farm     
,yard1 ,the ,vendetta1 ,pasha1          
,moufflou1 and ,bird ,habits4  ,stories 
of various other kinds may be read by   
the teacher in the intermediate grades4 
,goody ,two-,shoes and ,waste ,not1     
,want ,not1 are suitable for the fourth 
grade4 ,the biographies ,how ,columbus  
,got ,his ,ships and ,boyhood of        
,washington are excellent in the fifth  
or sixth grade as an introduction to    
history study1 and the romance ,robin   
,hood and the ,merry ,little ,old ,woman
 may be used appropriately in any of    

these grades1 especially if it is made  
to supplement a discussion of the       
,norman conquest4  ,most of the poems up
 to about ,no4 #cdb1 and a few beyond   
that1 are within the range of the work  
for these grades4  ,seventh and eighth  
grades4 ,although pupils in the seventh 
and eighth grades may be expected to    
read simple narrative readily1 the      
teacher should read to the pupils       
frequently4 ,it cannot be too much      
emphasized that reading aloud to        
children is the surest way of developing
 an appreciation of the best in         
literature4 ,in poetry especially this  
is a somewhat critical time1 as the     
pupil is passing from the simpler and   
more concrete verse to that which has a 
more prominent thought content4 ,the    
persuasion of the reading voice smooths 
over many obstacles here4 ,outside the  
field of poetry1 the teacher's work in  
these grades is mainly one of guidance  
and direction in getting the children   
and the right books in contact4         

,children at this period are likely to  
be omnivorous readers1 ready for any    
book that comes their way1 and the job  
of keeping them supplied with titles of 
enough available good books for their   
needs is indeed one to tax all a        
teacher's knowledge and experience4     
,the demand for highly sensational      
stories on the part of pupils in the    
upper grades is so insistent that it    
constitutes a special problem for the   
teacher4 ,it is a perfectly natural     
demand1 and no wise teacher will attempt
 to stifle it4 ,such an attempt would   
almost certainly result in a more or    
less surreptitious reading of a mass of 
unwholesome books which have come to be 
known as dime novels4 ,instead of trying
 to thwart this desire for the thrilling
 story the teacher should be ready to   
recommend books which have all the      
attractive adventure features of the    
dime novel1 and which have in addition  
sound artistic and ethical qualities4   
,while many such books are mentioned in 

the bibliographies in the latter part of
 this text1 it has seemed well to bring 
together here a short list of those     
which librarians over the country have  
found particularly fitted to serve as   
substitutes for the dime novel4         
,alden1 ,w4 ,l41 ,the ,moral ,pirate4   
,altsheler1 ,joseph ,a41 ,the ,young    
,trailers4 ,horsemen of the             
,plains4    ,barbour1 ,ralph ,h41 ,the  
,crimson ,sweater4    ,bennett1 ,john1  
,the ,treasure of ,peyre ,gaillard4     
,burton1 ,charles ,p41 ,the ,boys of    
,bob's ,hill4    ,carruth1 ,hayden1     
,track's ,end4    ,cody1 ,william ,f41  
,adventures of ,buffalo ,bill4          
,drysdale1 ,william1 ,the ,fast ,mail4  
,grinnell1 ,george ,bird1 ,jack among   
the ,indians4 ,jack1 the      ,young    
,ranchman4    ,hunting1 ,henry ,g41 ,the
 ,cave of the ,bottomless ,pool4        
,janvier1 ,thomas ,a41 ,the ,aztec      
,treasure ,house4    ,kaler1 ,james     
,otis1 ,toby ,tyler1 or ,ten ,weeks with
 a ,circus4    ,london1 ,jack1 ,the     

,call of the ,wild4    ,malone1 ,captain
 ,p4 ,b41 ,winning ,his ,way to ,west   
,point4    ,masefield1 ,john1 ,jim      
,davis4    ,mason1 ,alfred ,b41 ,tom    
,strong1 ,washington's ,scout4          
,matthews1 ,brander1 ,tom ,paulding4    
,moffett1 ,cleveland1 ,careers of       
,danger and ,daring4    ,munroe1 ,kirk1 
,cab and ,caboose4 ,derrick ,sterling4  
,o',higgins1 ,harvey ,j41 ,the ,smoke   
,eaters4    ,quirk1 ,leslie ,w41 ,the   
,boy ,scouts of the ,black ,eagle       
,patrol4    ,sabin1 ,edwin ,l41 ,bar ,b 
,boys4    ,schultz1 ,james ,willard1    
,with the ,indians in the ,rockies4     
,stevenson1 ,burton ,e41 ,the ,young    
,train ,despatcher4    ,stevenson1      
,robert ,louis1 ,treasure ,island4      
,stoddard1 ,william ,o41 ,two ,arrows4  
,talking ,leaves4    ,trowbridge1 ,john 
,t41 ,cudjo's ,cave4 ,the ,young        
,surveyor4    ,verne1 ,jules1 #bj1jjj   
,leagues under the ,sea4    ,wallace1   
,dillon1 ,wilderness ,castaways4        
,white1 ,stewart ,edward1 ,the ,magic   

,forest4     ,,section ,,ii  ,,mother   
,,goose ,,jingles ,,and ,,nursery       
,,rhymes     ,,bibliography   ,i4       
,,important ,,in ,,tracing ,,the        
,,mother ,,goose ,,canon          c4    
#agfj4 ,mother ,goose's ,melody4        
,published by         ,john ,newbery1   
,london4          ,no copy of this issue
 known to be in existence4  c4 #aghc4   
,ritson1 ,joseph1 ,gammer ,gurton's     
,garland1 or the ,nursery ,parnassus4   
#ahaj1 enlarged4  c4 #aghe4 ,mother     
,goose's ,melody4 ,reprint of ,newbery1 
by ,isaiah ,thomas1 ,worcester1 ,mass4  
#ahhi4 ,whitmore1 ,w4 ,h41 ,the         
,original ,mother         ,goose's      
,melody1 as first issued by ,john       
,newbery1 of ,london1 about ,a4,d4      
#agfj4 ,reproduced         in facsimile 
from the edition as reprinted by        
,isaiah ,thomas1 of ,worcester1 ,mass41 
about ,a4,d4         #aghe4 ,with       
introduction and notes4  #ahbd ff4      
,mother ,goose's ,quarto1 or ,melodies  
,complete4 ,various issues by ,munroe   

and ,francis1 ,boston4          ,hale1  
,edward ,everett1 ,the ,only ,true      
,mother         ,goose ,melodies4 ,exact
 reproduction of the text         and   
illustrations of the original edition   
7,mother ,goose's ,melodies3 ,the ,only 
,pure         ,edition7 printed in      
,boston in #ahcd by ,monroe         and 
,francis4 ,with an introduction4  #ahbf4
 ,chambers1 ,robert1 ,popular ,rhymes of
 ,scotland4 #ahgj1 enlarged4  #ahcd4    
,ker1 ,john ,bellenden1 ,an ,essay on   
the ,archaeology of ,popular ,english   
,phrases and ,nursery ,rhymes4          
,supplemented #ahdj and #ahdb4  #ahdb4  
,halliwell 7,phillips71 ,j4 ,o41 ,the   
,nursery ,rhymes of ,england4  #ahdi4   
,halliwell 7,phillips71 ,j4 ,o41        
,popular ,rhymes and ,nursery ,tales4   
#ahfd4 ,rimbault1 ,edward ,f41 ,old     
,nursery ,rhymes with ,tunes4   ,,ii4   
,,important ,,modern ,,collections      
,baring-,gould1 ,sabine1 ,a ,book of    
,nursery ,songs and ,rhymes4            
,headland1 ,i4 ,t41 ,chinese ,mother    

,goose ,rhymes4    ,jerrold1 ,walter1   
,the ,big ,book of ,nursery ,rhymes4    
,lang1 ,andrew1 ,the ,nursery ,rhyme    
,book4    ,newell1 ,w4 ,w41 ,games and  
,songs of ,american ,children4          
,saintsbury1 ,g4 ,e4 ,b41 ,national     
,rhymes of the ,nursery4    ,welsh1     
,charles1 ,a ,book of ,nursery ,rhymes4 
,wheeler1 ,william ,a41 ,mother ,goose's
 ,melodies4   ,,iii4 ,,nursery ,,rhymes 
,,with ,,music    ,crane1 ,walter1 ,the 
,baby's ,bouquet1 a ,fresh ,bunch of    
,old ,rhymes      and ,tunes4    ,homer1
 ,sidney1 ,songs from ,mother ,goose4   
,le ,mair1 ,h4 ,willebeck1 ,our ,old    
,nursery ,rhymes4    ,le ,mair1 ,h4     
,willebeck1 ,little ,songs of ,long     
,ago4    ,perkins1 ,raymond1 ,thirty    
,old-,time ,nursery ,songs4   ,,iv4     
,,studies    ,bolton1 ,h4 ,c41          
,counting-out ,rhymes of ,children1     
,their ,antiquity1      ,origin1 and    
,wide ,distribution4    ,earle1 ,alice  
,morse1 ,child ,life in ,colonial ,days4
 ,especially      chap4 xiv4            

,eckenstein1 ,lina1 ,comparative        
,studies in ,nursery ,rhymes4           
,godfrey1 ,elizabeth1 ,english ,children
 in the ,olden ,time4      ,especially  
chap4 ii4    ,gomme1 ,a4 ,b41 ,the      
,traditional ,games of ,england1        
,scotland1 and      ,ireland4 #b vols4  
,green1 ,p4 ,b41 ,the ,history of       
,nursery ,rhymes4    ,halsey1 ,rosalie  
,v41 ,forgotten ,books of the ,american 
,nursery4    ,field1 ,w4 ,t41           
,fingerposts to ,children's ,reading1   
pp4 #aic ff4    ,moses1 ,m4 ,j41        
,children's ,books and ,reading1 pp4 #dj
 ff4     ,,section ,,ii4 ,,mother       
,,goose ,,jingles ,,and ,,nursery       
,,rhymes  ,,introductory   ,a flawless  
literature4 ,the one literature that is 
supremely adapted to its purpose is the 
collection of rhymes associated with    
,mother ,goose4 ,to every child it comes
 with an irresistible appeal4 ,it has a 
power so natural and fundamental that it
 defies explanation4 ,the child takes it
 for granted just as he does his        

parents4 ,it has a perfection of rhythm 
and structure not attainable by modern  
imitators4 ,it has been perfected       
through the generations by the surest of
 all tests1 that of constant popular    
use4 ,much of it is common to many      
different nations4 ,it is an            
international literature of childhood4  
,while much of it is known to children  
long before they enter school1 these    
jingles1 like all folk literature1 never
 lose their charm through repetition4   
,the schools have long since learned the
 value of the familiar in teaching4 ,the
 process of learning to read is usually 
based on some of the better known       
rhymes4 ,teachers of literature in more 
advanced classes think they can         
generally detect the students who have  
been especially learned in ,mother      
,goose her ways by their quick          
responsiveness to the facts of verbal   
rhythm and rhythmical structure in more 
sophisticated products4 ,if we have no  
love for poetry to-day1 it may not      

impossibly be due to the fact that we   
have ceased to prize the old1 old tales 
which have been the delight of the child
 and the child-man since the foundations
 of the world4 ,if you want your child  
to love ,homer1 do not withhold ,mother 
,goose4  ,who was ,mother ,goose8 ,the  
answer to this1 as to other questions   
suggested below1 may be of no direct or 
special interest to the children        
themselves4 ,but teachers should know   
some of the main conclusions arrived at 
by folklorists and others in their      
investigations of the traditional       
materials used for basic work in        
literature4 ,all the evidence shows that
 ,mother ,goose as the name of the      
familiar old lady of the nursery came to
 us from ,france4 ,andrew ,lang         
discovered a reference to her in a      
,french poem of #afej1 where she figures
 as a teller of stories4 ,in #afig      
,perrault's famous fairy tales were     
published with a frontispiece           
representing an old woman spinning1 and 

telling tales to a man1 a girl1 a little
 boy1 and a cat4 ,on this frontispiece  
was the legend1 ,tales of ,our ,mother  
,goose4 7,see note to ,no4 #afa47  ,as a
 teller of prose tales1 ,mother ,goose  
came to ,england with the translation of
 ,perrault about #agcj4 ,we do not find 
her name connected with verse until     
after the middle of the eighteenth      
century4 ,about the year #agfj a little 
book called ,mother ,goose's ,melody was
 issued by ,john ,newbery1 a ,london    
publisher and a most important figure in
 the history of the production of books 
for children4 ,it is a pleasant and not 
improbable theory that this first       
collection of nursery rhymes1 upon which
 later ones were built1 was the work of 
,oliver ,goldsmith1 who was for some    
years in ,newbery's employ4 ,however    
that may be1 it is certain that from    
this date the name of ,mother ,goose has
 been almost exclusively associated with
 nursery rhymes4  ,newbery's ,mother    
,goose's ,melody was soon reprinted by  

,isaiah ,thomas1 of ,worcester1         
,massachusetts1 and thus came into the  
hands of ,american children early in our
 national life4 ,a long-since exploded  
theory was advanced about #ahgj that    
,mother ,goose was a real woman of      
,boston in the early eighteenth century1
 whose rhymes were published by her     
son-in-law1 ,thomas ,fleet1 in #agai4   
,but no one has identified any such     
publication and there is no evidence    
whatever that this old lady in cap and  
spectacles is other than purely         
mythical4  ,whence came the jingles     
themselves8 ,it is certain that many    
nursery rhymes are both widespread      
geographically in distribution and of   
great antiquity4 ,halliwell and others  
have found references to some of them in
 old books which prove that many of the 
,english rhymes go back several         
centuries4 ,they are of popular origin2 
that is1 they took root anonymously     
among the folk and were passed on by    
word of mouth4 ,when a rhyme can be     

traced to any known authority we        
generally find that the folk have       
extracted what pleased1 have forgotten  
or modified any original historical or  
other application the rhymes may have   
possessed1 and in general have shaped   
the rhyme to popular taste4 ,thus our   
old nursery rhymes1 says ,andrew ,lang1 
are smooth stones from the book of time1
 worn round by constant friction of     
tongues long silent4 ,we cannot hope to 
make new nursery rhymes1 any more than  
we can write new fairy tales4  ,here are
 a few illustrations of what scholars   
have been able to tell us of the sources
 of the rhymes3 ,jack and ,jill         
preserves the ,icelandic myth of two    
children caught up into the moon1 where 
they can still be seen carrying a bucket
 on a pole between them4 ,three ,blind  
,mice is traced to an old book called   
,deuteromalia 7#afji74 ,little ,jack    
,horner is all that is left of an       
extended chapbook story1 ,the ,pleasant 
,history of ,jack ,horner1 ,containing  

,his ,witty ,tricks1 etc4 ,poor ,old    
,robinson ,crusoe is a fragment from a  
song by the character ,jerry ,sneak in  
,foote's ,mayor of ,garratt 7#agfc74    
,simple ,simon gives all that the       
nursery has preserved of a long chapbook
 verse story4 ,a ,swarm of ,bees in ,may
 was found by ,halliwell quoted in      
,miege's ,great ,french ,dictionary     
7#afhg74 ,these and numerous like facts 
serve only to impress us with the long  
and honorable history of the nursery    
rhyme4  ,can nursery rhymes be helpfully
 classified8 ,this question seems of    
more consequence to the teacher than the
 previous ones because it deals with the
 practical organization of his material4
 ,the most superficial observer can see 
that ,nos4 #c1 #cf1 #df1 #ei1 #fb1 and  
#aac1 on the following pages1 are       
riddles2 that ,nos4 #bb and #cj are     
counting-out rhymes2 that ,nos4 #cg1    
#ch1 #ci1 #dj1 and #da are replies that 
might be made to one who indulged unduly
 in suppositions2 that ,no4 #bg is a    

face game1 ,no4 #ge a hand game1 and    
,no4 #ajh a toe game2 that ,nos4 #db1   
#ha1 #hb1 #ajg1 and #aaa are riding     
songs2 that ,nos4 #g1 #aj1 #bc1 #fg1 and
 #acg are proverbial sayings2 that ,nos4
 #fd and #hi are charms2 and so one     
might continue with groupings based on  
the immediate use made of the rhyme1 not
 forgetting the great number that lend  
themselves to the purposes of the       
crooned lullaby or soothing song4       
,halliwell made the first attempt at any
 complete classification in his ,nursery
 ,rhymes of ,england 7#ahdb71 using     
eighteen headings3 7#a7 ,historical1    
7#b7 ,literal1 7#c7 ,tales1 7#d7        
,proverbs1 7#e7 ,scholastic1 7#f7       
,songs1 7#g7 ,riddles1 7#h7 ,charms1    
7#i7 ,gaffers and ,gammers1 7#aj7       
,games1 7#aa7 ,paradoxes1 7#ab7         
,lullabies1 7#ac7 ,jingles1 7#ad7 ,love 
and ,matrimony1 7#ae7 ,natural ,history1
 7#af7 ,accumulative ,stories1 7#ag7    
,local1 7#ah7 ,relics4 ,andrew ,lang    
follows ,halliwell1 but reduces the     

classes to fourteen by combining 7#b7   
and 7#e71 7#g7 and 7#aa71 7#h7 and      
7#ab71 and by omitting 7#ag74 ,these    
classifications are made from the       
standpoint of the folklore scholar1 and 
are based on the sources from which the 
rhymes originally sprang4 ,professor    
,saintsbury scouts the value of any such
 arrangement1 since all belong equally  
in the one class1 jingles1 and he also  
rightly points out that all genuine     
nursery rhymes 4 4 4 have never become  
nursery rhymes until the historical fact
 has been practically forgotten by those
 who used them1 and nothing but the     
metrical and musical attraction remains4
  ,without denying the great            
significance of popular rhymes to the   
student of folklore1 we must look       
elsewhere for any practical suggestion  
for the teacher in the matter of        
arrangement4 ,such a suggestion will be 
found in the late ,charles ,welsh's     
,book of ,nursery ,rhymes1 a little     
volume that every teacher interested in 

children's literature must make use of4 
,the rhymes are grouped into three main 
divisions3 7#a7 ,mother ,play1 7#b7     
,mother ,stories1 and 7#c7 ,child ,play1
 with subordinate groupings under each4 
,about #bej rhymes are included in      
,welsh's collection1 and the arrangement
 suggests the best order for using them 
practically1 without dropping into any  
ironclad system4  ,it may be argued that
 any attempt at classification of       
material so freely and variously used as
 the ,mother ,goose rhymes is sure to   
stiffen the work of the class and render
 it less enjoyable4 ,spontaneity is more
 vital here than at any other stage of  
one's literary education4  ,what is the 
secret of the nursery rhyme's appeal to 
children8 ,here at least we are face to 
face with what may be called a final    
fact1 that these jingles do make an     
appeal so universal and remarkable that 
any attempt to explain it seems always  
to fall far short of completeness4      
,perhaps the best start may be made with

 ,mr4 ,welsh's suggestion that this     
appeal is threefold3 first1 that which  
comes from the rhyming jingle1 as in    
,higgledy1 piggledy1 my fat hen2 second1
 that which comes from the nonsense     
surprises1 as in ,hey diddle diddle1    
,three wise men of ,gotham1 and ,i'll   
tell you a story2 third1 that which     
comes from the dramatic action1 as in   
,little ,miss ,muffet1 and ,little ,jack
 ,horner4 ,this summary does not differ 
much from ,mr4 ,walter ,taylor ,field's 
conclusions3 ,the child takes little    
thought as to what any of these verses  
mean4 ,there are perhaps four elements  
in them that appeal to him1--first1 the 
jingle1 and with it that peculiar       
cadence which modern writers of         
children's poetry strive in vain to     
imitate2 second1 the nonsense1--with    
just enough of sense in it to connect   
the nonsense with the child's thinkable 
world2 third1 the action1--for the      
stories are quite dramatic in their way2
 and fourth1 the quaintness4 ,mr4 ,field

 also emphasizes the probable charm of  
mystery in the face of the unknown facts
 beyond the child's horizon1 which      
appear in many of the rhymes4  ,other   
commentators do little beyond expanding 
some of these suggestions4 ,all of them 
agree in stressing the appeal made by   
rhythm1 the jingle1 the emphatic meter4 
,this seems a fundamental thing in all  
literature1 though readers are mainly   
conscious of it in poetry4 ,just how    
fundamental it is in human life has not 
been better hinted than in a sentence by
 ,mrs4 ,mac,clintock3 ,one who is trying
 to write a sober treatise in a         
matter-of-fact way dares not1 lest he be
 set down as the veriest mystic1 say all
 the things that might be said about the
 function of rhythm1 especially in its  
more pronounced form of meter1 among a  
community of children1 no matter what   
the size of the group--how rhythmic     
motion1 or the flow of measured and     
beautiful sounds1 harmonizes their      
differences1 tunes them up to their     

tasks1 disciplines their conduct1       
comforts their hurts1 quiets their      
nerves2 all this apart from the facts   
more or less important from the point of
 view of literature1 that it cultivates 
their ear1 improves their taste1 and    
provides them a genuinely artistic      
pleasure4  ,professor ,saintsbury1 as   
usual1 adds a fascinating turn to the   
discussion when1 after agreeing that we 
may see in the rhymes1 to a great       
extent1 the poetical appeal of sound as 
opposed to that of meaning in its       
simplest and most unmistakable terms1 he
 continues3 ,and we shall find something
 else1 which ,i venture to call the     
attraction of the inarticulate4 4 4 4   
,in moments of more intense and genuine 
feeling 4 4 4 man does not as a rule use
 or at least confine himself to         
articulate speech4 4 4 4 ,all children 4
 4 4 fall naturally1 long after they are
 able to express themselves as it is    
called rationally1 into a sort of       
pleasant gibberish when they are alone  

and pleased or even displeased4 4 4 4   
,it must be a not infrequent experience 
of most people that one frequently falls
 into pure jingle and nonsense verse of 
the nursery kind4 4 4 4 ,i should       
myself1 though ,i may not carry many    
people with me1 go farther than this and
 say that this 'attraction of the       
inarticulate1' this allurement of mere  
sound and sequence1 has a great deal    
more to do than is generally thought    
with the charm of the very highest      
poetry4 4 4 4 ,in the best nursery      
rhymes1 as in the simpler and more      
genuine ballads which have so close a   
connection with them1 we find this      
attraction of the inarticulate--this    
charm of pure sound1 this utilizing of  
alliteration and rhyme and assonance4   
,those who have noticed the tendency of 
children to find vocal pleasure even of 
a physical or muscular sort in nonsense 
combinations of sounds1 and who also    
realize their own tendency in this      
direction1 will feel that ,professor    

,saintsbury has hit upon a suggestive   
term in his claim for the attraction of 
the inarticulate as a partial           
explanation of the ,mother ,goose       
appeal4  ,through song1 game1           
memorization1 and dramatization1        
traditional or original1 the rhymes may 
be made to contribute to the child's    
satisfaction in all of the directions   
pointed out4   ,,suggestions ,,for      
,,reading          7,books referred to  
by authors' names are listed         in 
preceding bibliography47          ,for  
orientation read ,chauncey ,b4 ,tinker1 
,in         ,praise of ,nursery ,lore1  
,unpopular ,review1         ,vol4 ,,vi1 
p4 #cch 7,oct4-,dec41 #aiaf74 ,for a    
most         satisfactory presentation  
of the whole subject         read chap4 
x1 ,mother ,goose1 in ,field4 ,for the  
origin of ,mother ,goose as a character 
consult         ,lang's introduction to 
his edition of         ,perrault's      
,popular ,tales4 ,for the theory of     
her ,american nativity see ,wheeler and 

,whitmore4         ,for the origins of  
the rhymes themselves the               
authorities are ,halliwell and          
,eckenstein4 ,for         pedagogical   
suggestions see ,welsh1 also his        
article ,nursery ,rhymes1 ,cyclopedia of
         ,education 7ed4 ,monroe74 ,for 
many interesting         facts and      
suggestions on rhythm in nursery        
rhymes consult ,charles ,h4 ,sears1     
,studies in         ,rhythm1            
,pedagogical ,seminary1 ,vol4 ,,viii1 p4
         #c4 ,for the whole subject of  
folk songs look         into            
,martinengo-,cesaresco1 ,the ,study of  
,folk         ,songs4 ,books and        
periodicals dealing with         primary
 education often contain brief          
discussions of value on the use of      
rhymes4 ,many         ,mother ,goose    
records have been prepared by the       
educational departments of the various  
talking-machine companies1 and may be   
used to         advantage in the work in
 rhythm4  ,the shorter rhymes 7,nos4    

#a-aae7 are arranged in alphabetical    
order4 ,there are many slight variations
 in the form of the text as found in    
printed versions and in the oral        
versions used by children in different  
communities4 ,while ,halliwell has been 
used as the basis for rhymes given in   
his collection1 the following versions  
try to reproduce the forms of expression
 that seem generally most pleasing to   
children4    #a          ,a cat came    
fiddling out of a barn1         ,with a 
pair of bagpipes under her arm2         
,she could sing nothing but             
fiddle-de-dee1         ,the mouse has   
married the bumble-bee2         ,pipe1  
cat--dance1 mouse--         ,we'll have 
a wedding at our good house4    #b      
,a diller1 a dollar1               ,a   
ten o'clock scholar1         ,what makes
 you come so soon8         ,you used to 
come at ten o'clock1         ,and now   
you come at noon4    #c              ,as
 ,i was going to ,st4 ,ives1            
,i met a man with seven wives2          

,every wife had seven sacks1            
,every sack had seven cats1             
,every cat had seven kits3              
,kits1 cats1 sacks1 and wives1          
,how many were there going to ,st4      
,ives8                                  
7,one47    #d          ,as ,i was going 
up ,pippen ,hill1--           ,pippen   
,hill was dirty1--         ,there ,i met
 a pretty miss1           ,and she      
dropped me a curtsy4          ,little   
miss1 pretty miss1           ,blessings 
light upon you2         ,if ,i had      
half-a-crown a day1           ,i'd spend
 it all upon you4    #e          ,as ,i 
went to ,bonner1           ,i met a pig 
,without a wig1         ,upon my word of
 honor4    #f          ,as ,tommy       
,snooks and ,bessie ,brooks             
,were walking out one ,sunday1          
,says ,tommy ,snooks to ,bessie ,brooks1
           ,to-morrow will be ,monday4  
#g          ,a swarm of bees in ,may    
,is worth a load of hay2         ,a     
swarm of bees in ,june         ,is worth

 a silver spoon2         ,a swarm of    
bees in ,july         ,is not worth a   
fly4    #h          ,baa1 baa1 black    
sheep1           ,have you any wool8    
,yes1 marry1 have ,i1           ,three  
bags full2         ,one for my master1  
,and one for my dame1         ,and one  
for the little boy           ,who lives 
in the lane4    #i          ,barber1    
barber1 shave a pig1         ,how many  
hairs will make a wig8         ,four and
 twenty1 that's enough4         ,give   
the barber a pinch of snuff4    #aj     
,birds of a feather flock together1     
,and so will pigs and swine2            
,rats and mice will have their choice1  
,and so will ,i have mine4    #aa       
,bless you1 bless you1 burnie bee2      
,say1 when will your wedding be8        
,if it be to-morrow day1         ,take  
your wings and fly away4    #ab         
,bobby ,shafto's gone to sea1           
,with silver buckles at his knee2       
,he'll come back and marry me1--        
,pretty ,bobby ,shafto6          ,bobby 

,shafto's fat and fair1         ,combing
 out his yellow hair1         ,he's my  
love for evermore1--           ,pretty  
,bobby ,shafto6    #ac          ,bow1   
wow1 wow1         ,whose dog art thou8  
,little ,tom ,tinker's dog1             
,bow1 wow1 wow4    #ad          ,bye1   
baby bunting1         ,daddy's gone     
a-hunting1         ,to get a little     
rabbit skin         ,to wrap the baby   
bunting in4    #ae          ,come when  
you're called1           ,do what you're
 bid1         ,shut the door after you1 
,never be chid4    #af            ,cross
 patch1           ,draw the latch1      
,and sit by the fire and spin2          
,take a cup1           ,and drink it up1
         ,then call your neighbors in4  
#ag          ,curly locks6 curly locks6 
wilt thou be mine8         ,thou shalt  
not wash the dishes1 nor yet feed the   
swine4         ,but sit on a cushion and
 sew a fine seam1         ,and feed upon
 strawberries1 sugar1 and cream6    #ah 
,dance1 little baby1 dance up high1     

,never mind1 baby1 mother is by2        
,crow and caper1 caper and crow1        
,there1 little baby1 there you go2      
,up to the ceiling1 down to the ground1 
,backward and forward1 round and round2 
,dance1 little baby1 and mother will    
sing1         ,with the merry coral1    
ding1 ding1 ding6    #ai                
,diddle1 diddle1 dumpling1 my son ,john1
         ,he went to bed with his       
stockings on2         ,one shoe off1 the
 other shoe on1         ,diddle1 diddle1
 dumpling1 my son ,john4    #bj         
,ding1 dong1 bell6         ,pussy's in  
the well4         ,who put her in8      
,little ,tommy ,green4         ,who     
pulled her out8         ,little ,johnny 
,stout4         ,what a naughty boy was 
that1         ,to drown the poor1 poor  
pussy-cat1         ,who never did him   
any harm1         ,but killed the mice  
in his father's barn4    #ba            
,doctor ,foster           ,went to      
,glo'ster1         ,in a shower of rain2
           ,he stepped in a puddle1     

,up to his middle1         ,and never   
went there again4    #bb          ,eggs1
 butter1 cheese1 bread1         ,stick1 
stock1 stone dead1         ,stick him   
up1 stick him down1         ,stick him  
in the old man's crown4    #bc          
,for every evil under the sun1          
,there is a remedy1 or there is none4   
,if there be one1 try to find it1       
,if there be none1 never mind it4    #bd
          ,four-and-twenty tailors went 
to kill a snail1         ,the bravest   
man among them dursn't touch her tail2  
,the snail put out her horns1 like a    
little ,kyloe cow1         ,run1        
tailors1 run1 or she'll kill you all    
e'en now4    #be          ,great ,a1    
little a1           ,bouncing ,b6       
,the cat's in the cupboard1             
,and she can't see4    #bf              
,hark1 hark1           ,the dogs do     
bark1         ,the beggars are coming to
 town3           ,some in tags1         
,some in rags1         ,and some in     
velvet gowns4    #bg          ,here sits

 the ,lord ,mayor1        7touching     
forehead7           ,here sit his two   
men1          7eyes7         ,here sits 
the cock1              7right cheek7    
,here sits the hen1             7left   
cheek7         ,here sit the little     
chickens1    7tip of nose7              
,here they all run in2          7mouth7 
,chinchopper1 chinchopper1              
,chinchopper chin6              7chuck  
the chin7    #bh          ,here we go   
up1 up1 up1           ,and here we go   
down1 down1 down2         ,and here we  
go backwards and forwards1              
,and here we go round1 round1 round4    
#bi          ,given as usually known to 
children4 ,in some         older        
versions the word craft was used        
instead of sport1 thus making a rhyme4  
,there         is an old story of an    
overly serious parent who         was   
greatly disturbed by the evident        
exaggerations in this jingle4 ,after    
calling the         attention of his    
children to the offensive               

improbabilities1 the good man suggested 
the         following revised version4  
,hey diddle diddle1           ,the cat  
and the fiddle1         ,the cow jumped 
under the moon2           ,the little   
dog barked1           ,to see the sport1
         ,and the cat ran after the     
spoon6            ,hey6 diddle1 diddle1 
,the cat and the fiddle1         ,the   
cow jumped over the moon2           ,the
 little dog laughed           ,to see   
such sport1         ,and the dish ran   
away with the spoon4    #cj             
,hickery1 dickery1 #f and #g1           
,alabone ,crackabone1 #aj and #aa1      
,spin1 span1 muskidan2         ,twiddle 
'um1 twaddle 'um1 #ba4    #ca           
,higgledy1 ,piggledy1           ,my     
black hen1         ,she lays eggs       
,for gentlemen2         ,sometimes nine1
           ,and sometimes ten1          
,higgledy1 ,piggledy1           ,my     
black hen6    #cb          ,hickory1    
dickory1 dock1         ,the mouse ran up
 the clock1         ,the clock struck   

one1         ,the mouse ran down2       
,hickory1 dickory1 dock4    #cc         
,hogs in the garden1 catch 'em1 ,towser4
         ,cows in the cornfield1 run1   
boys1 run2         ,cats in the         
cream-pot1 run1 girls1 run1 girls2      
,fire on the mountains1 run1 boys1 run4 
#cd              ,hot-cross buns6       
,hot-cross buns6         ,one a penny1  
two a penny1             ,hot-cross     
buns6              ,hot-cross buns6     
,hot-cross buns6         ,if you have no
 daughters1             ,give them to   
your sons4    #ce          ,hub a dub   
dub1         ,three men in a tub2       
,the butcher1 the baker1         ,the   
candlestick-maker1         ,they all    
fell out of a rotten potato4    #cf     
,humpty ,dumpty sat on a wall1          
,humpty ,dumpty had a great fall2       
,threescore men and threescore more     
,cannot place ,humpty ,dumpty as he was 
before4                                 
7,an egg47    #cg          ,if all the  
sea were one sea1         ,what a great 

sea that would be6         ,and if all  
the trees were one tree1         ,what a
 great tree that would be6         ,and 
if all the axes were one axe1           
,what a great axe that would be6        
,and if all the men were one man1       
,what a great man he would be6          
,and if the great man took the great    
axe1         ,and cut down the great    
tree1         ,and let it fall into the 
great sea1         ,what a splish splash
 that would be6    #ch          ,if all 
the world was apple-pie1         ,and   
all the sea was ink1         ,and all   
the trees were bread and cheese1        
,what should we have for drink8    #ci  
,if ,i'd as much money as ,i could      
spend1         ,i never would cry1 ,old 
chairs to mend6         ,old chairs to  
mend6 ,old chairs to mend6         ,i   
never would cry1 ,old chairs to mend6   
,if ,i'd as much money as ,i could tell1
         ,i never would cry1 ,old       
clothes to sell6         ,old clothes to
 sell6 ,old clothes to sell6         ,i 

never would cry1 ,old clothes to sell6  
#dj                ,if ifs and ands     
,were pots and pans1         ,there     
would be no need for tinkers6    #da    
,if wishes were horses1                 
,beggars might ride2         ,if turnips
 were watches1         ,i'd wear one by 
my side4    #db          ,i had a little
 pony1           ,his name was          
,dapple-gray1         ,i lent him to a  
lady1           ,to ride a mile away2   
,she whipped him1 she slashed him1      
,she rode him through the mire2         
,i would not lend my pony now           
,for all that lady's hire4    #dc       
,i had a little hobby horse1            
,his name was ,tommy ,gray1         ,his
 head was made of pease straw1          
,his body made of hay2         ,i       
saddled him and bridled him1            
,and rode him up to town1         ,there
 came a little puff of wind             
,and blew him up and down4    #dd       
,i have a little sister1 they call her  
peep1 peep2         ,she wades the      

waters deep1 deep1 deep2         ,she   
climbs the mountains high1 high1 high2  
,poor little creature1 she has but one  
eye4                                    
7,a star47    #de            ,i'll tell 
you a story           ,of ,jack-a-,nory1
         ,and now my story's begun4     
,i'll tell you another           ,about 
,jack's brother1         ,and now my    
story is done4    #df          ,in      
marble walls as white as milk1          
,lined with a skin as soft as silk2     
,within a fountain crystal clear1       
,a golden apple doth appear4         ,no
 doors there are to this stronghold1    
,yet thieves break in and steal the     
gold4                                   
7,an egg47    #dg          #a4 ,i went  
up one pair of stairs4         #b4 ,just
 like me4         #a4 ,i went up two    
pair of stairs4         #b4 ,just like  
me4         #a4 ,i went into a room4    
#b4 ,just like me4         #a4 ,i looked
 out of a window4         #b4 ,just like
 me4         #a4 ,and there ,i saw a    

monkey4         #b4 ,just like me4      
#dh          ,jack and ,jill went up the
 hill1           ,to fetch a pail of    
water2         ,jack fell down1 and     
broke his crown1           ,and ,jill   
came tumbling after4    #di             
,jack be nimble1         ,jack be quick1
         ,jack jump over the            
candlestick4    #ej          ,jack      
,sprat could eat no fat1           ,his 
wife could eat no lean2         ,and so 
between them both1 you see1             
,they licked the platter clean4    #ea  
,knock at the door1        7forehead7   
,and peep in1            7lift eyelids7 
,open the door1            7mouth7      
,and walk in4         ,chinchopper1     
chinchopper1           ,chinchopper     
chin6    #eb          ,these lines1     
common in similar form to many          
countries1 are said by children when    
they throw         the beautiful little 
insect into the air to         make it  
take flight4          ,ladybird1        
ladybird1 fly away home1         ,your  

house is on fire1 your children all     
gone2         ,all but one1 and her name
 is ,ann1         ,and she crept under  
the pudding-pan4    #ec          ,little
 boy blue1 come blow your horn1         
,the sheep's in the meadow1 the cow's in
 the corn2         ,where is the boy    
that looks after the sheep8             
,he's under the haycock fast asleep4    
,will you wake him8 ,no1 not ,i2        
,for if ,i do1 he'll be sure to cry4    
#ed          ,little girl1 little girl1 
where have you been8         ,gathering 
roses to give to the queen4             
,little girl1 little girl1 what gave she
 you8         ,she gave me a diamond as 
big as my shoe4    #ee                  
,little ,jack ,horner             ,sat  
in a corner1         ,eating his        
,christmas pie4             ,he put in  
his thumb1             ,and he pulled   
out a plum1         ,and said1 ,what a  
good boy am ,i6    #ef                  
,little ,jack ,jingle1               ,he
 used to live single1         ,but when 

he got tired of this kind of life1      
,he left off being single and lived with
 his wife4    #eg          ,little      
,johnny ,pringle had a little pig2      
,it was very little1 so was not very    
big4         ,as it was playing beneath 
the shed1         ,in half a minute poor
 ,piggie was dead4         ,so ,johnny  
,pringle he sat down and cried1         
,and ,betty ,pringle she lay down and   
died4         ,this is the history of   
one1 two1 and three1         ,johnny    
,pringle he1         ,betty ,pringle    
she1         ,and the ,piggie-,wiggie4  
#eh            ,little ,miss ,muffet    
,sat on a tuffet1         ,eating of    
curds and whey2           ,there came a 
great spider1           ,and sat down   
beside her1         ,and frightened     
,miss ,muffet away4    #ei              
,little ,nancy ,etticoat1         ,in a 
white petticoat1         ,and a red     
nose2         ,the longer she stands1   
,the shorter she grows4                 
7,a candle47    #fj          ,little    

,robin ,redbreast           ,sat upon a 
rail2         ,niddle naddle went his   
head1           ,wiggle waggle went his 
tail4    #fa          ,little ,tommy    
,tucker         ,sings for his supper2  
,what shall he eat8         ,white bread
 and butter4         ,how shall he cut  
it         ,without e'er a knife8       
,how will he be married         ,without
 e'er a wife8    #fb          ,long     
legs1 crooked thighs1         ,little   
head and no eyes4                       
7,the tongs47    #fc          ,lucy     
,locket lost her pocket1                
,kitty ,fisher found it3                
,nothing in it1 nothing in it1          
,but the binding round it4    #fd       
,matthew1 ,mark1 ,luke1 and ,john       
,guard the bed that ,i lie on6          
,four corners to my bed1         ,four  
angels round my head2         ,one to   
watch1 one to pray1         ,and two to 
bear my soul away4    #fe               
,mistress ,mary1 quite contrary1        
,how does your garden grow8             

,with cockle-shells1 and silver bells1  
,and pretty maids all in a row4    #ff  
,multiplication is vexation1            
,division is as bad2         ,the ,rule 
of ,three perplexes me1           ,and  
,practice drives me mad4    #fg         
,needles and pins1 needles and pins1    
,when a man marries his trouble begins4 
#fh          ,old ,king ,cole           
,was a merry old soul1         ,and a   
merry old soul was he2         ,he      
called for his pipe1         ,and he    
called for his bowl1         ,and he    
called for his fiddlers three4          
,every fiddler1 he had a fine fiddle1   
,and a very fine fiddle had he2         
,twee tweedle dee1 tweedle dee1 went the
 fiddlers4             ,oh1 there's one 
so rare1             ,as can compare    
,with old ,king ,cole and his fiddlers  
three6    #fi          ,once ,i saw a   
little bird           ,come hop1 hop1   
hop2         ,so ,i cried1 ,little bird1
           ,will you stop1 stop1 stop8  
,and was going to the window            

,to say1 ,how do you do8         ,but he
 shook his little tail1           ,and  
far away he flew4    #gj          ,one  
for the money1           ,and two for   
the show2         ,three to make ready1 
,and four to go4    #ga          ,one   
misty1 moisty morning1           ,when  
cloudy was the weather1         ,i      
chanced to meet an old man              
,clothed all in leather1         ,he    
began to compliment1           ,and ,i  
began to grin1--         ,how do you do1
 and ,how do you do1           ,and ,how
 do you do again6    #gb          #a1   
#b1 #c1 #d1 #e6         ,i caught a hare
 alive2         #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj6    
,i let her go again4    #gc             
,one1 two1         ,buckle my shoe2     
,three1 four1         ,shut the door2   
,five1 six1         ,pick up sticks2    
,seven1 eight1         ,lay them        
straight2         ,nine1 ten1         ,a
 good fat hen2         ,eleven1 twelve1 
,who will delve8         ,thirteen1     
fourteen1         ,maids a-courting2    

,fifteen1 sixteen1         ,maids       
a-kissing2         ,seventeen1 eighteen1
         ,maids a-waiting2              
,nineteen1 twenty1         ,my stomach's
 empty4    #gd          ,pat-a-cake1    
pat-a-cake1 baker's man6         ,so ,i 
will1 master1 as fast as ,i can3        
,pat it1 and prick it1 and mark it with 
,t1         ,put it in the oven for     
,tommy and me4    #ge                   
,pease-porridge hot1                    
,pease-porridge cold1                   
,pease-porridge in the pot1             
,nine days old2         ,some like it   
hot1           ,some like it cold1      
,some like it in the pot1               
,nine days old4    #gf          ,peter1 
,peter1 pumpkin-eater1         ,had a   
wife and couldn't keep her2         ,he 
put her in a pumpkin-shell1         ,and
 there he kept her very well4    #gg    
,halliwell suggests that off a pewter   
plate is         sometimes added at the 
end of each line4 ,this         rhyme is
 famous as a tongue twister1 or         

enunciation exercise4          ,peter   
,piper picked a peck of pickled peppers2
         ,a peck of pickled peppers     
,peter ,piper picked2         ,if ,peter
 ,piper picked a peck of pickled        
peppers1         ,where's the peck of   
pickled peppers ,peter ,piper picked8   
#gh          ,poor old ,robinson        
,crusoe6         ,poor old ,robinson    
,crusoe6         ,they made him a coat1 
,of an old nanny goat1           ,i     
wonder how they could do so6            
,with a ring a ting tang1         ,and a
 ring a ting tang1           ,poor old  
,robinson ,crusoe6    #gi               
,pussy-cat1 pussy-cat1 where have you   
been8         ,i've been to ,london to  
see the ,queen4         ,pussy-cat1     
pussy-cat1 what did you there8          
,i frightened a little mouse under the  
chair4    #hj          ,pussy sits      
beside the fire2           ,how can she 
be fair8         ,in comes the little   
dog1           ,pussy1 are you there8   
,so1 so1 dear ,mistress ,pussy1         

,pray tell me how do you do8            
,thank you1 thank you1 little dog1      
,i'm very well just now4    #ha         
,ride a cock-horse to ,banbury-cross1   
,to see an old lady upon a white horse1 
,rings on her fingers and bells on her  
toes1         ,and so she makes music   
wherever she goes4    #hb               
,ride1 baby1 ride6           ,pretty    
baby shall ride1         ,and have a    
little puppy-dog tied to her side2      
,and one little pussy-cat tied to the   
other1         ,and away she shall ride 
to see her grandmother1           ,to   
see her grandmother1           ,to see  
her grandmother4    #hc                 
,rock-a-bye1 baby1           ,on the    
tree top1         ,when the wind blows  
,the cradle will rock2         ,when the
 bough breaks           ,the cradle will
 fall1         ,down will come baby1    
,bough1 cradle1 and all4    #hd         
,rock-a-bye1 baby1 thy cradle is green2 
,father's a nobleman1 mother's a queen2 
,and ,betty's a lady1 and wears a gold  

ring2         ,and ,johnny's a drummer1 
and drums for the king4    #he          
,see a pin and pick it up1         ,all 
the day you'll have good luck2          
,see a pin and let it lay1         ,bad 
luck you'll have all the day6    #hf    
,see1 saw1 sacradown1         ,which is 
the way to ,london town8         ,one   
foot up1 the other foot down1           
,and that is the way to ,london town4   
#hg          ,shoe the little horse1    
,and shoe the little mare1         ,and 
let the little colt           ,run bare1
 bare1 bare4    #hh          ,sing a    
song of sixpence1           ,a pocket   
full of rye2         ,four and twenty   
blackbirds           ,baked in a pie2   
,when the pie was opened1           ,the
 birds began to sing2         ,was not  
that a dainty dish           ,to set    
before the king8          ,the king was 
in his counting-house                   
,counting out his money2         ,the   
queen was in the parlor                 
,eating bread and honey2          ,the  

maid was in the garden                  
,hanging out the clothes1         ,when 
along came a blackbird1           ,and  
pecked off her nose4          ,jenny was
 so mad1           ,she didn't know what
 to do2         ,she put her finger in  
her ear1           ,and cracked it right
 in two4    #hi          ,star light1   
star bright1         ,first star ,i see 
to-night2         ,i wish ,i may1 ,i    
wish ,i might1         ,have the wish ,i
 wish to-night4    #ij          ,the    
,king of ,france went up the hill1      
,with twenty thousand men2         ,the 
,king of ,france came down the hill1    
,and ne'er went up again4    #ia        
,the lion and the unicorn               
,were fighting for the crown2           
,the lion beat the unicorn              
,all round about the town4         ,some
 gave them white bread1           ,and  
some gave them brown1         ,some gave
 them plumcake1           ,and sent them
 out of town4    #ib            ,the man
 in the moon           ,came tumbling   

down1         ,and asked the way to     
,norwich2           ,he went by the     
south           ,and burned his mouth   
,with supping cold pease porridge4      
#ic          ,the north wind doth blow1 
,and we shall have snow1         ,and   
what will the robin do then8            
,poor thing6          ,he will sit in a 
barn1         ,and to keep himself warm1
         ,will hide his head under his  
wing1                                   
,poor thing6    #id          ,the ,queen
 of ,hearts she made some tarts1        
,all on a summer's day4         ,the    
,knave of ,hearts he stole those tarts1 
,and hid them clean away4         ,the  
,king of ,hearts he missed those tarts1 
,and beat the ,knave right sore1        
,the ,knave of ,hearts brought back the 
tarts1           ,and vowed he'd steal  
no more4    #ie          ,there was a   
crooked man1 and he went a crooked mile1
         ,and found a crooked sixpence  
against a crooked stile3         ,he    
bought a crooked cat1 which caught a    

crooked mouse1         ,and they all    
lived together in a little crooked      
house4    #if          ,there was a     
little boy went into a barn1            
,and lay down on some hay2         ,an  
owl came out and flew about1            
,and the little boy ran away4    #ig    
,there was a man and he had naught1     
,and robbers came to rob him2           
,he crept up to the chimney top1        
,and then they thought they had him2    
,but he got down on t'other side1       
,and then they could not find him3      
,he ran fourteen miles in fifteen days1 
,and never looked behind him4    #ih    
,there was a man in our town1           
,and he was wondrous wise2         ,he  
jumped into a briar bush1           ,and
 scratched out both his eyes3           
,and when he saw his eyes were out1     
,with all his might and main         ,he
 jumped into another bush1              
,and scratched 'em in again4    #ii     
,there was an old man1         ,and he  
had a calf1           ,and that's half2 

,he took him out of the stall1          
,and put him on the wall2           ,and
 that's all4    #ajj          ,there was
 an old woman1 and what do you think8   
,she lived upon nothing but victuals and
 drink3         ,victuals and drink were
 the chief of her diet2         ,yet    
this little old woman could never keep  
quiet4          ,she went to the baker1 
to buy her some bread1         ,and when
 she came home1 her old husband was     
dead2         ,she went to the clerk to 
toll the bell1         ,and when she    
came back her old husband was well4     
#aja          ,there was an old woman   
lived under a hill1         ,and if     
she's not gone1 she lives there still4  
,she put a mouse in a bag and sent it to
 mill2         ,the miller he swore by  
the point of his knife1         ,he     
never took toll of a mouse in his life4 
#ajb          ,there was an old woman of
 ,leeds1         ,who spent all her time
 in good deeds2           ,she worked   
for the poor1           ,till her       

fingers were sore1         ,this pious  
old woman of ,leeds6    #ajc            
,there was an old woman of ,norwich1    
,who lived upon nothing but porridge6   
,parading the town1           ,she      
turned cloak into gown6         ,this   
thrifty old woman of ,norwich4    #ajd  
,there was an old woman tossed up in a  
basket           ,nineteen times as high
 as the moon2         ,where she was    
going ,i couldn't but ask it1           
,for in her hand she carried a broom4   
,old woman1 old woman1 old woman1 quoth 
,i1           ,o whither1 ,o whither1 ,o
 whither1 so high8         ,to brush the
 cobwebs off the sky6           ,shall  
,i go with thee8 ,aye1 by and by4       
#aje          ,there was an old woman   
who lived in a shoe1         ,she had so
 many children1 she didn't know what to 
do4         ,she gave them some broth   
without any bread1         ,then whipped
 them all soundly1 and put them to bed4 
#ajf          ,there was an owl lived in
 an oak1           ,wisky1 wasky1       

weedle2         ,and every word he ever 
spoke1           ,was fiddle1 faddle1   
feedle4          ,a gunner chanced to   
come that way1           ,wisky1 wasky1 
weedle2         ,says he1 ,i'll shoot   
you1 silly bird1           ,fiddle1     
faddle1 feedle4    #ajg          ,this  
is the way the ladies ride2             
,tri1 tre1 tre1 tree1 tri1 tre1 tre1    
tree6         ,this is the way the      
ladies ride1           ,tri1 tre1 tre1  
tree1 tri1 tre1 tre1 tree6              
,this is the way the gentlemen ride2    
,gallop-a-trot1 gallop-a-trot6          
,this is the way the gentlemen ride1    
,gallop-a-trot-a-trot6          ,this is
 the way the farmers ride2              
,hobbledy-hoy1 hobbledy-hoy6            
,this is the way the farmers ride1      
,hobbledy-hobbledy-hoy6    #ajh         
#a4 ,this little pig went to market2    
#b4 ,this little pig stayed at home2    
#c4 ,this little pig had roast beef2    
#d4 ,and this little pig had none2      
#e4 ,this little pig said1 ,wee1 wee1   

wee6            ,i can't find my way    
home4    #aji          ,three blind     
mice6 see1 how they run6         ,they  
all ran after the farmer's wife1        
,who cut off their tails with the       
carving knife6         ,did you ever see
 such a thing in your life8             
,three blind mice6    #aaj              
,three wise men of ,gotham         ,went
 to sea in a bowl2         ,if the bowl 
had been stronger1         ,my song     
would have been longer4    #aaa         
,to market1 to market1 to buy a fat pig1
         ,home again1 home again1       
dancing a jig2         ,to market1 to   
market1 to buy a fat hog1         ,home 
again1 home again1 jiggety-jog2         
,to market1 to market1 to buy a plum    
bun4         ,home again1 home again1   
market is done4    #aab          ,tom1  
,tom1 the piper's son1         ,stole a 
pig and away he run6         ,the pig   
was eat1 and ,tom was beat1         ,and
 ,tom went roaring down the street6     
#aac          ,two-legs sat upon        

three-legs1         ,with one-leg in his
 lap2         ,in comes four-legs       
,and runs away with one-leg2         ,up
 jumps two-legs1         ,catches up    
three-legs1         ,throws it after    
four-legs1         ,and makes him bring 
one-leg back4                           
7,one-leg is a leg of mutton2           
two-legs1 a man2 three-legs1            
a stool2 four-legs1 a dog47    #aad     
,the following is another good tongue   
twister         7see ,no4 #gg74 ,it is  
recommended for the little              
lisper1 and in former days it was       
recommended         as a sure cure for  
the hiccoughs4          ,when a twister 
a-twisting would twist him a twist1     
,for twisting a twist three twists he   
will twist2         ,but if one of the  
twists untwists from the twist1         
,the twist untwisting untwists the      
twist4    #aae          ,willy boy1     
,willy boy1 where are you going8        
,i will go with you1 if ,i may4         
,i am going to the meadow to see them   

a-mowing1         ,i am going to see    
them make the hay4    #aaf          ,no4
 #aaf and the two rhymes following are  
by         ,miss ,wilhelmina            
,seegmiller4 7,by permission of         
the publishers1 ,rand ,mc,nally  ,co41  
,chicago47         ,their presence will 
allow teachers to compare         some  
widely and successfully used modern     
efforts with the traditional jingles in 
the         midst of which they are     
placed4   ,,milkweed ,,seeds            
,as white as milk1         ,as soft as  
silk1         ,and hundreds close       
together3         ,they sail away1      
,on an autumn day1         ,when windy  
is the weather4    #aag          ,,an   
,,anniversary          ,pop6 fizz6 bang6
 whizz6         ,don't you know what day
 this is8          ,fizz6 bang6 whizz6  
pop6         ,hurrah for the ,fourth6   
and hippity-hop6    #aah                
,,twink6 ,,twink6          ,twink1      
twink1 twink1 twink1                    
,twinkety1 twinkety1 twink6         ,the

 fireflies light their lanterns1        
,then put them out in a wink4           
,twink1 twink1 twink1 twink1            
,they light their light once more1      
,then twinkety1 twinkety1 twink1 twink1 
,they put them out as before4           
,nos4 #aai-adf are in the main the      
longer nursery         favorites and may
 somewhat loosely be called         the 
novels and epics of the nursery as the  
former group may be called the lyrics   
and short         stories4 ,all of them 
are marked by dramatic         power1 a 
necessary element in all true classics  
for children whether in verse or prose4 
,nos4         #aai and #abj are two of  
the favorite jingles         used in    
teaching the alphabet4 ,each letter     
suggests a distinct image4 ,in ,no4 #aai
 the         images are all of actions1 
and connected by the         direction  
of these actions upon a single          
object4 ,in ,no4 #abj the images are    
each complete         and independent4  
,here it may be noticed that            

some of the elements of the pictures are
         determined by the exigencies of
 rhyme1 as1 for         instance1 what  
the archer shot at1 and what the        
lady had4 ,the originator doubtless     
expected the         child to see the   
relation of cause and                   
consequence between ,y and ,z4    #aai  
,a ,,was ,,an ,,apple-,,pie          ,a 
was an apple-pie2         ,b bit it2    
,c cut it2         ,d dealt it2         
,e eat it2         ,f fought for it2    
,g got it2         ,h had it2         ,j
 joined it3         ,k kept it2         
,l longed for it2         ,m mourned for
 it2         ,n nodded at it2         ,o
 opened it2         ,p peeped in it2    
,q quartered it2         ,r ran for it2 
,s stole it2         ,t took it2        
,v viewed it2         ,w wanted it2     
,x1 ,y1 ,z1 and ,ampersand 77           
,all wished for a piece in hand4    #abj
  ,,tom ,,thumb',s ,,alphabet           
,a was an archer1 and shot at a frog2   
,b was a butcher1 and kept a bull-dog4  

,c was a captain1 all covered with lace2
         ,d was a drunkard1 and had a   
red face4          ,e was an esquire1   
with insolent brow2         ,f was a    
farmer1 and followed the plough4        
,g was a gamester1 who had but ill luck2
         ,h was a hunter1 and hunted a  
buck4          ,i was an innkeeper1 who 
loved to carouse2         ,j was a      
joiner1 and built up a house4           
,k was a king1 so mighty and grand2     
,l was a lady1 who had a white hand4    
,m was a miser1 and hoarded up gold2    
,n was a nobleman1 gallant and bold4    
,o was an oyster girl1 and went about   
town2         ,p was a parson1 and wore 
a black gown4          ,q was a queen1  
who sailed in a ship2         ,r was a  
robber1 and wanted a whip4          ,s  
was a sailor1 and spent all he got2     
,t was a tinker1 and mended a pot4      
,u was an usurer1 a miserable elf2      
,v was a vintner1 who drank all himself4
          ,w was a watchman1 and guarded
 the door2         ,x was expensive1 and

 so became poor4          ,y was a      
youth1 that did not love school2        
,z was a zany1 a poor harmless fool4    
#aba   ,,where ,,are ,,you ,,going      
,where are you going1 my pretty maid8   
,i'm going a-milking1 sir1 she said4    
,may ,i go with you1 my pretty maid8    
,you're kindly welcome1 sir1 she said4  
,what is your father1 my pretty maid8   
,my father's a farmer1 sir1 she said4   
,what is your fortune1 my pretty maid8  
,my face is my fortune1 sir1 she said4  
,then ,i can't marry you1 my pretty     
maid4         ,nobody asked you1 sir1   
she said4    #abb   ,,molly ,,and ,i    
,molly1 my sister1 and ,i fell out1     
,and what do you think it was about8    
,she loved coffee1 and ,i loved tea1    
,and that was the reason we couldn't    
agree4         ,but ,molly1 my sister1  
and ,i made up1         ,and now        
together we can sup1         ,for ,molly
 drinks coffee1 and ,i drink tea1       
,and we both are happy as happy can be4 
#abc           ,,london ,,bridge        

,london bridge is broken down1          
,dance o'er my lady ,lee2               
,london bridge is broken down1          
,with a gay lady4          ,how shall we
 build it up again8           ,dance    
o'er my lady ,lee2         ,how shall we
 build it up again8           ,with a   
gay lady4          ,build it up with    
silver and gold1           ,dance o'er  
my lady ,lee2         ,build it up with 
silver and gold1           ,with a gay  
lady4          ,silver and gold will be 
stole away1           ,dance o'er my    
lady ,lee2         ,silver and gold will
 be stole away1           ,with a gay   
lady4          ,build it again with iron
 and steel1           ,dance o'er my    
lady ,lee2         ,build it up with    
iron and steel1           ,with a gay   
lady4          ,iron and steel will bend
 and bow1           ,dance o'er my lady 
,lee2         ,iron and steel will bend 
and bow1           ,with a gay lady4    
,build it up with wood and clay1        
,dance o'er my lady ,lee2         ,build

 it up with wood and clay1              
,with a gay lady4          ,wood and    
clay will wash away1           ,dance   
o'er my lady ,lee2         ,wood and    
clay will wash away1           ,with a  
gay lady4          ,build it up with    
stone so strong1           ,dance o'er  
my lady ,lee2         ,huzza6 'twill    
last for ages long1           ,with a   
gay lady4    #abd   ,i ,,saw ,a ,,ship  
,i saw a ship a-sailing1                
,a-sailing on the sea2         ,and oh1 
it was all laden           ,with pretty 
things for thee6          ,there were   
comfits in the cabin1           ,and    
apples in the hold2         ,the sails  
were made of silk1           ,and the   
masts were made of gold6          ,the  
four and twenty sailors1           ,that
 stood between the decks1         ,were 
four and twenty white mice1             
,with chains about their necks4         
,the captain was a duck1           ,with
 a packet on his back2         ,and when
 the ship began to move1           ,the 

captain said1 ,quack6 ,quack6    #abe   
,,there ,,was ,,an ,,old ,,woman        
,there was an old woman1 as ,i've heard 
tell1         ,she went to market her   
eggs for to sell2         ,she went to  
market all on a market-day1         ,and
 she fell asleep on the king's highway4 
,by came a pedlar whose name was ,stout1
         ,he cut her petticoats all     
round about2         ,he cut her        
petticoats up to her knees1             
,which made the old woman to shiver and 
freeze4          ,when this little woman
 first did wake1         ,she began to  
shiver and she began to shake1          
,she began to wonder1 and she began to  
cry1         ,lauk a mercy on me1 this  
is none of ,i6          ,but if it be   
,i1 as ,i do hope it be1         ,i've a
 little dog at home1 and he'll know me2 
,if it be ,i1 he'll wag his little tail1
         ,and if it be not ,i1 he'll    
loudly bark and wail4          ,home    
went the little woman all in the dark1  
,up got the little dog1 and he began to 

bark2         ,he began to bark1 so she 
began to cry1         ,lauk a mercy on  
me1 this is none of ,i6    #abf         
,,little ,,bo-,,peep          ,little   
,bo-peep has lost her sheep1            
,and can't tell where to find them2     
,leave them alone1 and they'll come     
home1           ,and bring their tails  
behind them4          ,little ,bo-peep  
fell fast asleep1           ,and dreamt 
she heard them bleating2         ,but   
when she awoke1 she found it a joke1    
,for they were still all fleeting4      
,then up she took her little crook1     
,determined for to find them2           
,she found them indeed1 but it made her 
heart bleed1           ,for they'd left 
their tails behind them4          ,it   
happened one day1 as ,bo-peep did stray1
           ,unto a meadow hard by3      
,there she espied their tails side by   
side1           ,all hung on a tree to  
dry4    #abg   ,,cock ,a ,,doodle ,,doo 
,cock a doodle doo6         ,my dame has
 lost her shoe2         ,my master's    

lost his fiddling stick1         ,and   
don't know what to do4          ,cock a 
doodle doo6         ,what is my dame to 
do8         ,till master finds his      
fiddling stick1         ,she'll dance   
without her shoe4          ,cock a      
doodle doo6         ,my dame has found  
her shoe1         ,and master's found   
his fiddling stick1         ,sing doodle
 doodle doo6          ,cock a doodle    
doo6         ,my dame will dance with   
you1         ,while master fiddles his  
fiddling stick1         ,for dame and   
doodle doo4    #abh   ,,three ,,jovial  
,,huntsmen          ,there were three   
jovial huntsmen1           ,as ,i have  
heard them say1         ,and they would 
go a-hunting           ,all on a        
summer's day4          ,all the day they
 hunted1           ,and nothing could   
they find         ,but a ship a-sailing1
           ,a-sailing with the wind4    
,one said it was a ship1           ,the 
other he said nay2         ,the third   
said it was a house           ,with the 

chimney blown away4          ,and all   
the night they hunted1           ,and   
nothing could they find1         ,but   
the moon a-gliding1           ,a-gliding
 with the wind4          ,one said it   
was the moon1           ,the other he   
said nay2         ,the third said it was
 a cheese1           ,and half o't cut  
away4    #abi   ,,there ,,was ,a        
,,little ,,man              ,there was a
 little man1             ,and he had a  
little gun1         ,and his bullets    
were made of lead1 lead1 lead2          
,he went to a brook1             ,and   
fired at a duck1         ,and shot it   
through the head1 head1 head4           
,he carried it home             ,to his 
old wife ,joan1         ,and bade her a 
fire to make1 make1 make1               
,to roast the little duck1              
,he had shot in the brook1         ,and 
he'd go and fetch her the drake1 drake1 
drake4              ,the drake was      
a-swimming1             ,with his curly 
tail2         ,the little man made it   

his mark1 mark1 mark6             ,he   
let off his gun1             ,but he    
fired too soon1         ,and the drake  
flew away with a quack1 quack1 quack4   
#acj   ,,taffy          ,taffy was a    
,welshman2         ,taffy was a thief2  
,taffy came to my house1         ,and   
stole a piece of beef4         ,i went  
to ,taffy's house2         ,taffy wasn't
 home2         ,taffy came to my house1 
,and stole a marrow-bone4         ,i    
went to ,taffy's house2         ,taffy  
was in bed2         ,i took up the      
marrow-bone         ,and flung it at his
 head6    #aca   ,,simple ,,simon       
,simple ,simon met a pieman             
,going to the fair3         ,says       
,simple ,simon to the pieman1           
,let me taste your ware4          ,says 
the pieman to ,simple ,simon1           
,show me first your penny4         ,says
 ,simple ,simon to the pieman1          
,indeed ,i haven't any4          ,simple
 ,simon went a fishing           ,just  
to catch a whale3         ,all the water

 he had got           ,was in his       
mother's pail4          ,simple ,simon  
went to look           ,if plums grew on
 a thistle2         ,he pricked his     
fingers very much1           ,which made
 poor ,simon whistle4    #acb   ,a      
,,farmer ,,went ,,trotting          ,a  
farmer went trotting upon his gray mare1
              ,bumpety1 bumpety1 bump6  
,with his daughter behind him so rosy   
and fair1              ,lumpety1        
lumpety1 lump6          ,a raven cried  
,croak6 and they all tumbled down1      
,bumpety1 bumpety1 bump6         ,the   
mare broke her knees1 and the farmer his
 crown1              ,lumpety1 lumpety1 
lump6          ,the mischievous raven   
flew laughing away1                     
,bumpety1 bumpety1 bump6         ,and   
vowed he would serve them the same the  
next day1              ,lumpety1        
lumpety1 lump6    #acc  ,,tom ,,the     
,,piper',s ,,son          ,tom he was a 
piper's son1         ,he learned to play
 when he was young1         ,but all the

 tunes that he could play1         ,was 
,over the hills and far away2           
,over the hills1 and a great way off1   
,and the wind will blow my top-knot off4
          ,now ,tom with his pipe made  
such a noise1         ,that he pleased  
both the girls and boys1         ,and   
they stopped to hear him play1          
,over the hills and far away4           
,tom with his pipe did play with such   
skill1         ,that those who heard him
 could never keep still2                
,whenever they heard him they began to  
dance1         ,even pigs on their hind 
legs would after him prance4            
,as ,dolly was milking her cow one day1 
,tom took out his pipe and began to     
play2         ,so ,doll and the cow     
danced the ,cheshire round1             
,till the pail was broke and the milk   
ran on the ground4          ,he met old 
dame ,trot with a basket of eggs1       
,he used his pipes and she used her     
legs2         ,she danced about till the
 eggs were all broke1         ,she began

 for to fret1 but he laughed at the     
joke4          ,he saw a cross fellow   
was beating an ass1         ,heavy laden
 with pots1 pans1 dishes1 and glass2    
,he took out his pipe and played them a 
tune1         ,and the jackass's load   
was lightened full soon4    #acd        
,,when ,i ,,was ,a ,,little ,,boy       
,when ,i was a little boy1           ,i 
lived by myself1         ,and all the   
bread and cheese ,i got1           ,i   
put upon my shelf4          ,the rats   
and the mice1           ,they made such 
a strife1         ,i had to go to       
,london           ,to buy me a wife4    
,the streets were so broad1             
,and the lanes were so narrow1          
,i had to bring my wife home            
,on a wheelbarrow4          ,the        
wheelbarrow broke1           ,and my    
wife had a fall2         ,down tumbled  
wheelbarrow1           ,little wife and 
all4    #ace   ,,the ,,babes ,,in ,,the 
,,wood          ,my dear1 you must know 
that a long time ago1         ,two poor 

little children whose names ,i don't    
know1         ,were stolen away on a    
fine summer's day1         ,and left in 
a wood1 as ,i've heard people say4      
,poor babes in the wood1 poor babes in  
the wood6           ,so hard was the    
fate of the babes in the wood4          
,and when it was night1 so sad was their
 plight1         ,the sun it went down1 
and the stars gave no light4            
,they sobbed and they sighed1 and they  
bitterly cried1         ,and the poor   
little things they lay down and died4   
,and when they were dead1 the robins so 
red1         ,brought strawberry leaves1
 and over them spread4         ,and all 
the day long1 the branches among1       
,they sang to them softly1 and this was 
their song3           ,poor babes in the
 wood1 poor babes in the wood6          
,so hard was the fate of the babes in   
the wood4    #acf   ,,the ,,fox ,,and   
,,his ,,wife          ,the fox and his  
wife they had a great strife1           
,they never ate mustard in all their    

whole life2         ,they ate their meat
 without fork or knife1           ,and  
loved to be picking a bone1 e-oh6       
,the fox jumped up on a moonlight night2
         ,the stars they were shining1  
and all things bright2         ,oh1 ho6 
said the fox1 it's a very fine night    
,for me to go through the town1 e-oh6   
,the fox when he came to yonder stile1  
,he lifted his ears and he listened     
awhile6         ,oh1 ho6 said the fox1  
it's but a short mile           ,from   
this unto yonder wee town1 e-oh6        
,the fox when he came to the farmer's   
gate1         ,who should he see but the
 farmer's drake2         ,i love you    
well for your master's sake1            
,and long to be picking your bone1 e-oh6
          ,the gray goose she ran round 
the haystack1         ,oh1 ho6 said the 
fox1 you are very fat2         ,you'll  
grease my beard and ride on my back     
,from this into yonder wee town1 e-oh6  
,the farmer's wife she jumped out of    
bed1         ,and out of the window she 

popped her head3         ,oh1 husband6  
oh1 husband6 the geese are all dead1    
,for the fox has been through the town1 
e-oh6          ,the farmer he loaded his
 pistol with lead1         ,and shot the
 old rogue of a fox through the head2   
,ah1 ha6 said the farmer1 ,i think      
you're quite dead2           ,and no    
more you'll trouble the town1 e-oh6     
#acg   ,,for ,,want ,,of ,a ,,nail      
,for want of a nail1 the shoe was lost2 
,for want of the shoe1 the horse was    
lost2         ,for want of the horse1   
the rider was lost2         ,for want of
 the rider1 the battle was lost2        
,for want of the battle1 the kingdom was
 lost2         ,and all for the want of 
a horseshoe nail6    #ach   ,a ,,man    
,,of ,,words          ,a man of words   
and not of deeds         ,is like a     
garden full of weeds2         ,and when 
the weeds begin to grow1         ,it's  
like a garden full of snow2         ,and
 when the snow begins to fall1          
,it's like a bird upon the wall2        

,and when the bird away does fly1       
,it's like an eagle in the sky2         
,and when the sky begins to roar1       
,it's like a lion at the door2          
,and when the door begins to crack1     
,it's like a stick across your back2    
,and when your back begins to smart1    
,it's like a penknife in your heart2    
,and when your heart begins to bleed1   
,you're dead1 and dead1 and dead1       
indeed4    #aci          ,the first     
stanza of this jingle was long          
attributed to ,longfellow as an         
impromptu made         on one of his    
children4 ,he took occasion to          
deny this1 as well as the authorship of 
the         almost equally famous ,mr4  
,finney had a         turnip4 ,the last 
two stanzas bear evidence of         a  
more sophisticated origin than that of  
real         nursery rhymes4 ,mr4       
,lucas1 in his ,book of         ,verses 
for ,children1 gives two different      
versions of these stanzas4   ,,jemima   
,there was a little girl1 and she had a 

little curl1           ,right down the  
middle of her forehead1         ,when   
she was good1 she was very1 very good1  
,but when she was bad1 she was horrid4  
,one day she went upstairs1 while her   
parents1 unawares1           ,in the    
kitchen down below were occupied with   
meals1         ,and she stood upon her  
head1 on her little truckle-bed1        
,and she then began hurraying with her  
heels4          ,her mother heard the   
noise1 and thought it was the boys1     
,a playing at a combat in the attic1    
,but when she climbed the stair and saw 
,jemima there1           ,she took and  
she did whip her most emphatic6    #adj 
,the following was one of the favorite  
toy-book texts of the eighteenth        
century4         ,these little books    
generally had a crude         woodcut   
and one stanza of text on a page4 ,it   
can be seen how easily this story lends 
itself         to illustration4 ,each   
stanza is a chapter1 and         the    
story-teller could continue as long as  

his         inventiveness held out4 ,in 
one edition there         are these     
additional lines3          ,old ,mother 
,hubbard sat down in a chair1           
,and danced her dog to a delicate air2  
,she went to the garden to buy him a    
pippin1         ,when she came back the 
dog was a-skipping4   ,,mother ,,hubbard
 ,,and ,,her ,,dog          ,old ,mother
 ,hubbard         ,went to the cupboard1
           ,to get her poor dog a bone2 
,but when she came there1         ,the  
cupboard was bare1           ,and so the
 poor dog had none4          ,she went  
to the baker's           ,to buy him    
some bread2         ,but when she came  
back1           ,the poor dog was dead4 
,she went to the joiner's           ,to 
buy him a coffin2         ,but when she 
came back1           ,the poor dog was  
laughing4          ,she took a clean    
dish1           ,to get him some tripe2 
,but when she came back           ,he   
was smoking his pipe4          ,she went
 to the fishmonger's           ,to buy  

him some fish2         ,and when she    
came back           ,he was licking the 
dish4          ,she went to the         
ale-house           ,to get him some    
beer2         ,but when she came back   
,the dog sat in a chair4          ,she  
went to the tavern           ,for white 
wine and red2         ,but when she came
 back           ,the dog stood on his   
head4          ,she went to the hatter's
           ,to buy him a hat2           
,but when she came back           ,he   
was feeding the cat4          ,she went 
to the barber's           ,to buy him a 
wig2         ,but when she came back    
,he was dancing a jig4          ,she    
went to the fruiterer's           ,to   
buy him some fruit2         ,but when   
she came back1           ,he was playing
 the flute4          ,she went to the   
tailor's           ,to buy him a coat2  
,but when she came back1           ,he  
was riding a goat4          ,she went to
 the cobbler's           ,to buy him    
some shoes2         ,but when she came  

back1           ,he was reading the     
news4          ,she went to the         
seamstress           ,to buy him some   
linen2         ,but when she came back1 
,the dog was spinning4          ,she    
went to the hosier's           ,to buy  
him some hose2         ,but when she    
came back1           ,he was dressed in 
his clothes4          ,the dame made a  
curtsy1           ,the dog made a bow2  
,the dame said1 ,your servant1          
,the dog said1 ,bow1 wow4    #ada       
,this story of a bird courtship and     
marriage         with its attendant     
feast and tragedy1 all         followed 
by the long dirge of ,no4 #adb1         
constitutes one of the longest nursery  
novels4         ,its opportunities for  
the illustrator are very         marked1
 and a copy illustrated by the children 
themselves would be an addition to the  
joy of         any schoolroom4  ,,the   
,,courtship1 ,,merry ,,marriage1 ,,and  
,,picnic ,,dinner ,,of ,,cock ,,robin   
,,and ,,jenny ,,wren2  ,,to ,,which ,,is

 ,,added  ,,the ,,doleful ,,death ,,of  
,,cock ,,robin          ,it was a merry 
time           ,when ,jenny ,wren was   
young1         ,so neatly as she danced1
           ,and so sweetly as she sung1 
,robin ,redbreast lost his heart3       
,he was a gallant bird2         ,he doft
 his hat to ,jenny1           ,and thus 
to her he said3--          ,my dearest  
,jenny ,wren1           ,if you will but
 be mine1         ,you shall dine on    
cherry pie1           ,and drink nice   
currant wine4         ,i'll dress you   
like a ,goldfinch1           ,or like a 
,peacock gay2         ,so if you'll have
 me1 ,jenny1           ,let us appoint  
the day4          ,jenny blushed behind 
her fan1           ,and thus declared   
her mind3         ,then let it be       
to-morrow1 ,bob1           ,i take your 
offer kind--         ,cherry pie is very
 good6           ,so is currant wine6   
,but ,i will wear my brown gown1        
,and never dress too fine4              
,robin rose up early           ,at the  

break of day2         ,he flew to ,jenny
 ,wren's house1           ,to sing a    
roundelay4         ,he met the ,cock and
 ,hen1           ,and bid the ,cock     
declare1         ,this was his          
wedding-day           ,with ,jenny      
,wren1 the fair4          ,the ,cock    
then blew his horn1           ,to let   
the neighbors know1         ,this was   
,robin's wedding-day1           ,and    
they might see the show4         ,and   
first came parson ,rook1           ,with
 his spectacles and band1         ,and  
one of ,mother ,hubbard's books         
,he held within his hand4          ,then
 followed him the ,lark1           ,for 
he could sweetly sing1         ,and he  
was to be clerk           ,at ,cock     
,robin's wedding4         ,he sang of   
,robin's love           ,for little     
,jenny ,wren2         ,and when he came 
unto the end1           ,then he began  
again4          ,then came the bride and
 bridegroom2           ,quite plainly   
was she dressed1         ,and blushed so

 much1 her cheeks were           ,as red
 as ,robin's breast4         ,but ,robin
 cheered her up3           ,my pretty   
,jen1 said he1         ,we're going to  
be married           ,and happy we shall
 be4          ,the ,goldfinch came on   
next1           ,to give away the bride2
         ,the ,linnet1 being bride's    
maid1           ,walked by ,jenny's     
side2         ,and1 as she was          
a-walking1           ,she said1 ,upon my
 word1         ,i think that your ,cock 
,robin           ,is a very pretty bird4
          ,the ,bullfinch walked by     
,robin1           ,and thus to him did  
say1         ,pray1 mark1 friend ,robin 
,redbreast1           ,that ,goldfinch1 
dressed so gay2         ,what though her
 gay apparel           ,becomes her very
 well1         ,yet ,jenny's modest     
dress and look           ,must bear away
 the bell4          ,the ,blackbird and 
the ,thrush1           ,and charming    
,nightingale1         ,whose sweet jug  
sweetly echoes           ,through every 

grove and dale2         ,the ,sparrow   
and ,tom ,tit1           ,and many more1
 were there3         ,all came to see   
the wedding           ,of ,jenny ,wren1 
the fair4          ,o then1 says parson 
,rook1           ,who gives this maid   
away8         ,i do1 says the           
,goldfinch1           ,and her fortune  
,i will pay3         ,here's a bag of   
grain of many sorts1           ,and     
other things beside2         ,now happy 
be the bridegroom1           ,and happy 
be the bride6          ,and will you    
have her1 ,robin1           ,to be your 
wedded wife8         ,yes1 ,i will1 says
 ,robin1           ,and love her all my 
life4         ,and will you have him1   
,jenny1           ,your husband now to  
be8         ,yes1 ,i will1 says ,jenny1 
,and love him heartily4          ,then  
on her finger fair           ,cock      
,robin put the ring2         ,you're    
married now1 says parson ,rook1         
,while the ,lark aloud did sing3        
,happy be the bridegroom1           ,and

 happy be the bride6         ,and may   
not man1 nor bird1 nor beast1           
,this happy pair divide4          ,the  
birds were asked to dine2           ,not
 ,jenny's friends alone1         ,but   
every pretty songster           ,that   
had ,cock ,robin known4         ,they   
had a cherry pie1           ,besides    
some currant wine1         ,and every   
guest brought something1           ,that
 sumptuous they might dine4             
,now they all sat or stood           ,to
 eat and to drink2         ,and every   
one said what           ,he happened to 
think2         ,they each took a bumper1
           ,and drank to the pair3      
,cock ,robin1 the bridegroom1           
,and ,jenny ,wren1 the fair4            
,the dinner-things removed1             
,they all began to sing2         ,and   
soon they made the place           ,near
 a mile round to ring4         ,the     
concert it was fine2           ,and     
every bird tried         ,who best could
 sing for ,robin           ,and ,jenny  

,wren1 the bride4          ,then in came
 the ,cuckoo1           ,and he made a  
great rout3         ,he caught hold of  
,jenny1           ,and pulled her about4
         ,cock ,robin was angry1        
,and so was the ,sparrow1         ,who  
fetched in a hurry           ,his bow   
and his arrow4          ,his aim then he
 took1           ,but he took it not    
right2         ,his skill was not good1 
,or he shot in a fright2         ,for   
the ,cuckoo he missed1           ,but   
,cock ,robin killed6--         ,and all 
the birds mourned           ,that his   
blood was so spilled4    #adb   ,,the   
,,burial ,,of ,,poor ,,cock ,,robin     
,who killed ,cock ,robin8           ,i1 
said the ,sparrow1           ,with my   
bow and arrow2         ,and ,i killed   
,cock ,robin4          ,who saw him die8
           ,i1 said the ,fly1           
,with my little eye2         ,and ,i saw
 him die4          ,who caught his      
blood8           ,i1 said the ,fish1    
,with my little dish2         ,and ,i   

caught his blood4          ,who made his
 shroud8           ,i1 said the ,beetle1
           ,with my little needle2      
,and ,i made his shroud4          ,who  
will be the parson8           ,i1 said  
the ,rook2           ,with my little    
book2         ,and ,i will be the       
parson4          ,who will dig his      
grave8           ,i1 said the ,owl1     
,with my spade and shovel2         ,and 
,i'll dig his grave4          ,who will 
be the clerk8           ,i1 said the    
,lark1           ,if 'tis not in the    
dark2         ,and ,i will be the clerk4
          ,who'll carry him to the      
grave8           ,i1 said the ,kite1    
,if 'tis not in the night2         ,and 
,i'll carry him to the grave4           
,who will be the chief mourner8         
,i1 said the ,dove1           ,because  
of my love2         ,and ,i will be     
chief mourner4          ,who will sing a
 psalm8           ,i1 said the ,thrush1 
,as she sat in a bush2         ,and ,i  
will sing a psalm4          ,who will   

bear the pall8           ,we1 said the  
,wren1           ,both the ,cock and the
 ,hen2         ,and we will bear the    
pall4          ,who will toll the bell8 
,i1 said the ,bull1           ,because  
,i can pull4         ,and so1 ,cock     
,robin1 farewell4                ,all   
the birds of the air                    
,fell to sighing and sobbing            
,when they heard the bell toll          
,for poor ,cock ,robin4    #adc         
,the following tale was edited 7#ahhe7  
for         children by ,john ,ruskin   
from a version written                  
principally by a lady of ninety 7,mrs4  
,sharp47         ,ruskin himself added  
the third1 fourth1 eighth1         and  
ninth stanzas1 because in the old books 
no         account is given of what the 
cats learned when         they went to  
school1 and ,i thought my younger       
readers might be glad of some notice of 
such         particulars4 ,but he       
thought his rhymes did not         ring 
like the real ones1 of which he said3 ,i

         aver these rhymes to possess   
the primary value         of rhyme--that
 is1 to be rhythmical in a              
pleasant and exemplary degree4 ,the book
 was         illustrated with quaint    
woodcuts for each         stanza after  
the edition of #ahbc1 with              
additional drawings for the four new    
stanzas by         ,kate ,greenaway1 one
 of the most famous         illustrators
 of children's books4 ,ruskin           
commends the result to the indulgence of
 the         ,christmas fireside1       
because it relates nothing         that 
is sad1 and portrays nothing that is    
ugly4   ,,dame ,,wiggins ,,of ,,lee1    
,,and ,,her ,,seven ,,wonderful ,,cats  
,dame ,wiggins of ,lee         ,was a   
worthy old soul1         ,as e'er       
threaded a nee-         dle1 or wash'd  
in a bowl2         ,she held mice and   
rats         ,in such antipa-thy1       
,that seven fine cats         ,kept     
,dame ,wiggins of ,lee4          ,the   
rats and mice scared         ,by this   

fierce whisker'd crew1         ,the poor
 seven cats         ,soon had nothing to
 do2         ,so1 as any one idle       
,she ne'er loved to see1         ,she   
sent them to school1         ,did ,dame 
,wiggins of ,lee4          ,the ,master 
soon wrote         ,that they all of    
them knew         ,how to read the word 
milk         ,and to spell the word mew4
         ,and they all washed their     
faces         ,before they took tea3    
,were there ever such dears6            
,said ,dame ,wiggins of ,lee4           
,he had also thought well         ,to   
comply with their wish         ,to spend
 all their play-time         ,in        
learning to fish         ,for stitlings2
 they sent her         ,a present of    
three1         ,which1 fried1 were a    
feast         ,for ,dame ,wiggins of    
,lee4          ,but soon she grew tired 
,of living alone2         ,so she sent  
for her cats         ,from school to    
come home4         ,each rowing a       
wherry1         ,returning you see3     

,the frolic made merry         ,dame    
,wiggins of ,lee4          ,the ,dame   
was quite pleas'd         ,and ran out  
to market2         ,when she came back  
,they were mending the carpet4          
,the needle each handled         ,as    
brisk as a bee2         ,well done1 my  
good cats1         ,said ,dame ,wiggins 
of ,lee4          ,to give them a treat1
         ,she ran out for some rice2    
,when she came back1         ,they were 
skating on ice4         ,i shall soon   
see one down1         ,aye1 perhaps1 two
 or three1         ,i'll bet            
half-a-crown1         ,said ,dame       
,wiggins of ,lee4          ,when        
spring-time came back         ,they had 
breakfast of curds2         ,and were   
greatly afraid         ,of disturbing   
the birds4         ,if you sit1 like    
good cats1         ,all the seven in a  
tree1         ,they will teach you to   
sing6         ,said ,dame ,wiggins of   
,lee4          ,so they sat in a tree1  
,and said ,beautiful6 ,hark6            

,and they listened and looked           
,in the clouds for the lark4            
,then sang1 by the fireside1            
,symphonious-ly         ,a song without 
words         ,to ,dame ,wiggins of     
,lee4          ,they called the next day
         ,on the tomtit and sparrow1    
,and wheeled a poor sick lamb           
,home in a barrow4         ,you shall   
all have some sprats         ,for your  
humani-ty1         ,my seven good cats1 
,said ,dame ,wiggins of ,lee4           
,while she ran to the field1         ,to
 look for its dam1         ,they were   
warming the bed         ,for the poor   
sick lamb3         ,they turn'd up the  
clothes         ,all as neat as could   
be2         ,i shall ne'er want a nurse1
         ,said ,dame ,wiggins of ,lee4  
,she wished them good night1            
,and went up to bed3         ,when1 lo6 
in the morning1         ,the cats were  
all fled4         ,but soon--what a     
fuss6         ,where can they all be8   
,here1 pussy1 puss1 puss6         ,cried

 ,dame ,wiggins of ,lee4          ,the  
,dame's heart was nigh broke1           
,so she sat down to weep1         ,when 
she saw them come back         ,each    
riding a sheep3         ,she fondled and
 patted         ,each purring tom-my3   
,ah6 welcome1 my dears1         ,said   
,dame ,wiggins of ,lee4          ,the   
,dame was unable         ,her pleasure  
to smother1         ,to see the sick    
lamb         ,jump up to its mother4    
,in spite of the gout1         ,and a   
pain in her knee1         ,she went     
dancing about3         ,did ,dame       
,wiggins of ,lee4          ,the ,farmer 
soon heard         ,where his sheep went
 astray1         ,and arrived at ,dame's
 door         ,with his faithful dog    
,tray4         ,he knocked with his     
crook1         ,and the stranger to see1
         ,out the window did look       
,dame ,wiggins of ,lee4          ,for   
their kindness he had them         ,all 
drawn by his team2         ,and gave    
them some field-mice1         ,and      

raspberry-cream4         ,said he1 ,all 
my stock         ,you shall presently   
see2         ,for ,i honor the cats     
,of ,dame ,wiggins of ,lee4          ,he
 sent his maid out         ,for some    
muffins and crumpets2         ,and when 
he turn'd round         ,they were      
blowing of trumpets4         ,said he1  
,i suppose         ,she's as deaf as can
 be1         ,or this ne'er could be    
borne         ,by ,dame ,wiggins of     
,lee4          ,to show them his        
poultry1         ,he turn'd them all    
loose1         ,when each nimbly leap'd 
,on the back of a goose1         ,which 
frighten'd them so         ,that they   
ran to the sea1         ,and            
half-drown'd the poor cats         ,of  
,dame ,wiggins of ,lee4          ,for   
the care of his lamb1         ,and their
 comical pranks1         ,he gave them a
 ham         ,and abundance of thanks4  
,i wish you good-day1         ,my fine  
fellows1 said he2         ,my           
compliments1 pray1         ,to ,dame    

,wiggins of ,lee4          ,you see them
 arrived         ,at their ,dame's      
welcome door2         ,they show her    
their presents1         ,and all their  
good store4         ,now come in to     
supper1         ,and sit down with me2  
,all welcome once more1         ,cried  
,dame ,wiggins of ,lee4    #add         
,this is the perfect pattern of all the 
accumulative stories1 perhaps the best  
known         and most loved of children
 among all nursery         jingles4     
,halliwell thought it descended from    
the mystical ,hebrew hymn1 ,a kid1 a    
kid1 found         in the ,talmud4 ,most
 commentators since have                
followed his example in calling         
attention to         the parallel1      
though scholars have insisted           
that the hymn referred to is a late     
interpolation4 ,the hymn opens3         
,a kid1 a kid1 my father bought1        
,for two pieces of money3               
,a kid1 a kid4          ,then came the  
cat1 and ate the kid1         ,that my  

father bought1 etc4          ,then came 
the dog and bit the cat1 then the       
staff and beat the dog1 then the fire   
and         burned the staff1 then water
 and quenched the         fire1 then the
 ox and drank the water1 then the       
butcher and slew the ox1 then the angel 
of         death and killed the butcher1
 and the hymn         concludes3        
,then came the ,holy ,one1 blessed be   
,he6         ,and killed the angel of   
death1         ,that killed the butcher1
         ,that slew the ox1             
,that drank the water1         ,that    
quenched the fire1         ,that burned 
the staff1         ,that beat the dog1  
,that bit the cat1         ,that ate the
 kid1         ,that my father bought    
,for two pieces of money3               
,a kid1 a kid4          ,there is an    
elaborate interpretation of the         
symbolism of this hymn1 going back at   
least as         far as #agca1 in which 
the kid denotes the         ,hebrews1   
the father is ,jehovah1 the cat is the  

,assyrians1 the dog is the ,babylonians1
 the         staff is the ,persians1 the
 fire is ,greece under                  
,alexander1 the water is the ,roman     
,empire1 the         ox is the          
,saracens1 the butcher is the           
crusaders1 the angel of death is the    
,turkish         power1 while the       
concluding accumulation shows           
that ,god will take vengeance on the    
enemies of         the chosen people4   
,this is the interpretation         in  
barest outline only4 ,without the key no
 one         would ever guess its hidden
 meaning4         ,fortunately1 ,the    
,house ,that ,jack ,built has no        
such hidden meaning4 ,but the important 
point         is that such accumulative 
stories are almost as         old as    
human records1 and1 like so many other  
possessions of the race1 seem to have   
come to         us from the ,far ,east4 
,,this ,,is ,,the ,,house ,,that ,,jack 
,,built          ,this is the house that
 ,jack built4          ,this is the malt

         ,that lay in the house that    
,jack built4          ,this is the rat1 
,that ate the malt         ,that lay in 
the house that ,jack built4             
,this is the cat1         ,that killed  
the rat1         ,that ate the malt     
,that lay in the house that ,jack built4
          ,this is the dog1             
,that worried the cat1         ,that    
killed the rat1         ,that ate the   
malt         ,that lay in the house that
 ,jack built4          ,this is the cow 
with the crumpled horn1         ,that   
tossed the dog1         ,that worried   
the cat1         ,that killed the rat1  
,that ate the malt         ,that lay in 
the house that ,jack built4             
,this is the maiden all forlorn1        
,that milked the cow with the crumpled  
horn1         ,that tossed the dog1     
,that worried the cat1         ,that    
killed the rat1         ,that ate the   
malt         ,that lay in the house that
 ,jack built4          ,this is the man 
all tattered and torn1         ,that    

kissed the maiden all forlorn1          
,that milked the cow with the crumpled  
horn1         ,that tossed the dog1     
,that worried the cat1         ,that    
killed the rat1         ,that ate the   
malt         ,that lay in the house that
 ,jack built4          ,this is the     
priest all shaven and shorn1            
,that married the man all tattered and  
torn1         ,that kissed the maiden   
all forlorn1         ,that milked the   
cow with the crumpled horn1             
,that tossed the dog1         ,that     
worried the cat1         ,that killed   
the rat1         ,that ate the malt     
,that lay in the house that ,jack built4
          ,this is the cock that crowed 
in the morn1         ,that waked the    
priest all shaven and shorn1            
,that married the man all tattered and  
torn1         ,that kissed the maiden   
all forlorn1         ,that milked the   
cow with the crumpled horn1             
,that tossed the dog1         ,that     
worried the cat1         ,that killed   

the rat1         ,that ate the malt     
,that lay in the house that ,jack built4
          ,this is the farmer sowing his
 corn1         ,that kept the cock that 
crowed in the morn1         ,that waked 
the priest all shaven and shorn1        
,that married the man all tattered and  
torn1         ,that kissed the maiden   
all forlorn1         ,that milked the   
cow with the crumpled horn1             
,that tossed the dog1         ,that     
worried the cat1         ,that killed   
the rat1         ,that ate the malt     
,that lay in the house that ,jack built4
    #ade   ,,the ,,egg ,,in ,,the ,,nest
          ,there was a tree stood in the
 ground1         ,the prettiest tree you
 ever did see2         ,the tree in the 
wood1 and the wood in the ground1       
,and the green grass growing all around4
          ,and on this tree there was a 
limb1         ,the prettiest limb you   
ever did see2         ,the limb on the  
tree1 and the tree in the wood1         
,the tree in the wood1 and the wood in  

the ground1         ,and the green grass
 growing all around4          ,and on   
this limb there was a bough1            
,the prettiest bough you ever did see2  
,the bough on the limb1 and the limb on 
the tree1         ,the limb on the tree1
 and the tree in the wood1         ,the 
tree in the wood1 and the wood in the   
ground1         ,and the green grass    
growing all around4          ,now on    
this bough there was a nest1            
,the prettiest nest you ever did see2   
,the nest on the bough1 and the bough on
 the limb1         ,the limb on the     
tree1 and the tree in the wood1         
,the tree in the wood1 and the wood in  
the ground1         ,and the green grass
 growing all around4          ,and in   
the nest there were some eggs1          
,the prettiest eggs you ever did see2   
,eggs in the nest1 and the nest on the  
bough1         ,the bough on the limb1  
and the limb on the tree1         ,the  
limb on the tree1 and the tree in the   
wood1         ,the tree in the wood1 and

 the wood in the ground1         ,and   
the green grass growing all around1     
,and the green grass growing all around4
    #adf          ,the following story  
is the same as that of the              
,norwegian tale ,the ,husband ,who ,was 
to ,mind the         ,house 7,no4 #agj74
 ,in the ,halliwell version the         
final lines read1          ,if his wife 
didn't do a day's work in her life1     
,she should ne'er be ruled by he4       
,a later reading1 now generally         
accepted1 avoids         the bad grammar
 by changing to direct                  
discourse4   ,,change ,,about           
,there was an old man1 who lived in a   
wood1           ,as you may plainly see2
         ,he said he could do as much   
work in a day1           ,as his wife   
could do in three4         ,with all my 
heart1 the old woman said1           ,if
 that you will allow1         ,to-morrow
 you'll stay at home in my stead1       
,and ,i'll go drive the plough3         
,but you must milk the ,tidy cow1       

,for fear that she go dry2         ,and 
you must feed the little pigs           
,that are within the sty2         ,and  
you must mind the speckled hen1         
,for fear she lay away2         ,and you
 must reel the spool of yarn1           
,that ,i spun yesterday4          ,the  
old woman took a staff in her hand1     
,and went to drive the plough3          
,the old man took a pail in his hand1   
,and went to milk the cow2         ,but 
,tidy hinched1 and ,tidy flinched1      
,and ,tidy broke his nose1         ,and 
,tidy gave him such a blow1             
,that the blood ran down to his toes4   
,high6 ,tidy6 ho6 ,tidy6 high6          
,tidy6 do stand still2         ,if ever 
,i milk you1 ,tidy1 again1              
',twill be sore against my will6        
,he went to feed the little pigs        
,that were within the sty2         ,he  
hit his head against the beam1          
,and he made the blood to fly4          
,he went to mind the speckled hen1      
,for fear she'd lay astray1         ,and

 he forgot the spool of yarn            
,his wife spun yesterday4          ,so  
he swore by the sun1 the moon1 and the  
stars1           ,and the green leaves  
on the tree1         ,if my wife doesn't
 do a day's work in her life1           
,she shall ne'er be ruled by me4        
,,section ,,iii  ,,fairy                
,,stories--,,traditional ,,tales        
,,bibliography  ,i4 ,,standard ,,general
 ,,collections    ,jacobs1 ,joseph1     
,english ,fairy ,tales1 ,more ,english  
,fairy ,tales1      ,celtic ,fairy      
,tales1 ,more ,celtic ,fairy ,tales1    
,indian ,fairy      ,tales1 ,europa's   
,fairy ,tales4    ,lang1 ,andrew1 ,the  
,blue ,fairy ,book1 ,the ,red ,fairy    
,book1 ,the      ,green ,fairy ,book1   
,the ,yellow ,fairy ,book4          ,the
 ,perrault stories are included in the  
first4         ,many other volumes named
 by colors 7,violet1         ,orange1   
etc47 were made under ,mr4 ,lang's      
direction1 but these four include the   
cream4   ,,ii4 ,,national ,,collections 

,,english3 ,campbell1 ,j4 ,f41 ,popular 
,tales of the ,west ,highlands4         
#d vols4            ,halliwell1 ,j4 ,o41
 ,popular ,rhymes and ,nursery ,tales4  
,hartland1 ,e4 ,s41 ,english ,fairy and 
,folk ,tales4    ,,german3 ,grimm1 ,j4  
and ,w41 ,kinder und ,hausmaerchen      
7,household               ,tales74      
,translated by ,edgar ,taylor as        
,grimm's ,popular         ,stories 7#ee 
stories1 #ahbc-ahbg71 and               
illustrated by ,george ,cruikshank4     
,best reprint         is in one volume  
with introduction by ,john              
,ruskin4          ,translated complete  
by ,margaret ,hunt 7#b vols41           
#ahhd71 ,introduction by ,andrew ,lang4 
,other excellent translations of        
selected         stories by ,mrs4 ,lucas
 and by ,lucy ,crane4    ,,indian3      
,frere1 ,mary1 ,old ,deccan ,days4      
,knowles1 ,j4 ,h41 ,folk ,tales of      
,kashmir4           ,steel1 ,flora      
,annie1 ,tales of the ,punjab4 7,notes  
by               ,captain ,r4 ,c4       

,temple47           ,stokes1 ,maive1    
,indian ,fairy ,tales4    ,,irish3      
,curtin1 ,j41 ,hero ,tales of ,ireland4 
,graves1 ,a4 ,p41 ,the ,irish ,fairy    
,book4           ,hyde1 ,douglas1       
,beside the ,fire4           ,joyce1 ,p4
 ,w41 ,old ,celtic ,romances4           
,wilde1 ,lady ,constance1 ,ancient      
,irish ,legends4           ,yeats1 ,w4  
,b41 ,irish ,fairy ,tales4    ,,italian3
 ,crane1 ,t4 ,f41 ,italian ,popular     
,tales4    ,,norse3 ,asbjoernsen1 ,p4   
,c41 and ,moe1 ,j41 ,norske             
,folke-eventyr             7,norwegian  
,folk ,tales1 #ahdb-ahdd1 with          
subsequent             additions74      
,translated by ,sir ,george ,webbe      
,dasent in         ,popular ,tales from 
the ,norse and ,tales of         the    
,fjeld2 by ,h4 ,l4 ,braekstad in ,round 
the         ,yule ,log and ,fairy ,tales
 from the ,north4    ,,slavic3 ,bain1   
,r4 ,nesbit1 ,cossack ,fairy ,tales1    
,russian ,folk               ,tales4    
,,iii4 ,,the ,,science ,,of ,,folklore  

,cox1 ,roalfe1 ,cinderella4             
7,introduction by ,lang47   ,clouston1  
,w4 ,a41 ,popular ,tales and ,fictions4 
#b vols4   ,gomme1 ,g4 ,l41 ,folklore as
 an ,historical ,science4   ,hartland1  
,e4 ,s41 ,the ,science of ,fairy ,tales4
   ,keightly1 ,thomas1 ,fairy           
,mythology4   ,lang1 ,andrew1           
,perrault's ,popular ,tales4            
7,introduction47   ,mac,culloch1 ,j4    
,a41 ,the ,childhood of ,fiction4       
,,iv4 ,,pedagogy    ,adler1 ,felix1 ,the
 ,moral ,instruction of ,children1 pp4  
#fc-gi4   ,kready1 ,laura ,f41 ,the     
,study of ,fairy ,tales4                
7,indispensable47   ,mac,clintock1 ,p4  
,l41 ,literature in the ,elementary     
,school1 pp4       #ib-aab4   ,mc,murry1
 ,charles1 ,special ,method in ,reading1
 pp4 #dg-fi4     ,,section ,,iii3       
,,fairy ,,stories--,,traditional ,,tales
  ,,introductory   ,the forty-three     
tales in this section have been chosen  
7#a7 in the light of what experience    
shows children most enjoy1 7#b7 to      

represent as fully as possible the great
 variety of our traditional inheritance1
 7#c7 to afford an opportunity of       
calling attention to additional riches  
in various collections1 and 7#d7 to     
suggest a fair minimum of the amount of 
such material to be used with children4 
,as in all such questions of judgment1  
there must inevitably be differences of 
opinion4 ,many will doubtless find      
stories missing that seem necessary even
 to so small a list1 while others will  
find tales included that may seem       
questionable4 ,such a selection can be1 
and is intended to be1 only tentative1 a
 starting point from which there are    
many lines of departure4  ,folklore4    
,these tales are all from the           
traditional field4 ,they are mainly of  
anonymous and popular origin1 handed    
down orally by peasants4 ,the           
investigation of their origin1          
distribution1 and interrelations belongs
 to the science of folklore4 ,a         
good-sized library could be filled      

entirely with the books concerned with  
the studies and disputations in this    
interesting field4 ,while the           
folklorists have very much of value to  
tell the teacher1 their questions may be
 largely ignored until the latter is    
quite fully acquainted with a large body
 of the acknowledged masterpieces among 
folk stories1 especially those which the
 schools have taken to themselves as    
useful in elementary work4 ,teachers    
interested in pursuing the matter       
further--and it is to be hoped there are
 many such--will find suggestions in the
 notes at the head of each tale and in  
the preceding bibliography that may     
prove serviceable in directing them some
 little way4 ,each book will point the  
student to many others2 when he is once 
started on the road of investigation1   
there will open up many unexpected and  
fascinating vistas4  ,objections to     
fairy tales4 ,these objections seem to  
fall as a rule under two main heads4    
,first1 there are those who object to   

any stimulation of the fanciful in      
children1 and who would have us confine 
ourselves to what they call realities4  
,they would eliminate as far as possible
 all the imaginings of children4 ,the   
make-believe world so dear to infancy   
has no place in their creed4 ,second1   
there are those who doubt the moral     
tendency of all fairy tales4 ,they      
observe that many of these tales come to
 us from a cruder and coarser social    
state than our own1 that they contain   
elements of a superstitious and         
animistic past1 that they often deal    
with cruelties and horrors1 trickeries  
and disloyalties1 that they are full of 
romantic improbabilities and            
impossibilities4 ,it may as well be     
admitted at once that the folklore of   
the world contains many stories to which
 these and other objections are valid4  
,is there a proper line of defense for  
fairy tales8 ,dr4 ,felix ,adler1 who    
certainly cannot be accused of being    
insensible to realities1 puts the case  

thus1 as between defenders and          
objectors3 ,i venture to think that1 as 
in many other cases1 the cause of the   
quarrel is what logicians call an       
undistributed middle--in other words1   
that the parties to the dispute have    
each a different kind of fairy tale in  
mind4 ,this species of literature can be
 divided broadly into two classes--one  
consisting of tales which ought to be   
rejected because they are really        
harmful1 and children ought to be       
protected from their bad influence1 the 
other of tales which have a most        
beautiful and elevating effect1 and     
which we cannot possibly afford to leave
 unutilized4 ,dr4 ,adler proceeds to    
point out that the chief pedagogic      
values of the latter class are 7#a7 that
 they exercise and cultivate the        
imagination1 and 7#b7 that they         
stimulate the idealizing tendency4      
,john ,ruskin1 another teacher who      
constantly in his writings throws the   
emphasis upon the necessity of a true   

ethical understanding1 has this to say  
about the mischievous habit of trying to
 remake the fairy story in the service  
of morals3 ,and the effect of the       
endeavor to make stories moral upon the 
literary merit of the work itself1 is as
 harmful as the motive of the effort is 
false4 ,for every fairy tale worth      
recording at all is the remnant of a    
tradition possessing true historical    
value2--historical1 at least in so far  
as it has naturally arisen out of the   
mind of a people under special          
circumstances1 and arisen not without   
meaning1 nor removed altogether from    
their sphere of religious faith4 ,it    
sustains afterwards natural changes from
 the sincere action of the fear or fancy
 of successive generations2 it takes new
 color from their manner of life1 and   
new form from their changing moral      
tempers4 ,as long as these changes are  
natural and effortless1 accidental and  
inevitable1 the story remains           
essentially true1 altering its form1    

indeed1 like a flying cloud1 but        
remaining a sign of the sky2 a shadowy  
image1 as truly a part of the great     
firmament of the human mind as the light
 of reason which it seems to interrupt4 
,but the fair deceit and innocent error 
of it cannot be interpreted nor         
restrained by a wilful purpose1 and all 
additions to it by art do but defile1 as
 the shepherd disturbs the flakes of    
morning mist with smoke from his fire of
 dead leaves4 ,instead of retouching    
stories to suit particular tastes1 or   
inculcate favorite doctrines1 ,ruskin   
would have the child know his fairy tale
 accurately1 and have perfect joy or awe
 in the conception of it as if it were  
real2 thus he will always be exercising 
his power of grasping realities3 but a  
confused1 careless1 and discrediting    
tenure of the fiction will lead to as   
confused and careless reading of fact4  
,still further1 ,ruskin defends the     
vulgarity1 or commonness of language1   
found in many of the tales as of a      

wholesome and harmless kind4 ,it is not1
 for instance1 graceful ,english1 to say
 that a thought 'popped into            
,catherine's head'2 but it nevertheless 
is far better1 as an initiation into    
literary style1 that a child should be  
told this than that 'a subject attracted
 ,catherine's attention4'  ,finally1 we 
cannot forbear adding one more          
quotation1 from the most delightful of  
attacks upon the attackers of fairy     
tales1 by ,miss ,repplier3 ,that which  
is vital in literature or tradition1    
which has survived the obscurity and    
wreckage of the past1 whether as legend1
 or ballad1 or mere nursery rhyme1 has  
survived in right of some intrinsic     
merit of its own1 and will not be       
snuffed out of existence by any of our  
precautionary or hygienic measures4 4 4 
4 ,puss in ,boots is one long record of 
triumphant effrontery and deception4 ,an
 honest and self-respecting lad would   
have explained to the king that he was  
not the ,marquis of ,carabas at all2    

that he had no desire to profit by his  
cat's ingenious falsehoods1 and no weak 
ambition to connect himself with the    
aristocracy4 ,such a hero would be a    
credit to our modern schoolrooms1 and   
lift a load of care from the shoulders  
of our modern critics4 ,only the        
children would have none of him1 but    
would turn wistfully back to those brave
 old tales which are their inheritance  
from a splendid past1 and of which no   
hand shall rob them4 ,and upon this     
ultimate fact that in literature the    
final decision rests with the audience  
appealed to1 the discussion may end4    
,how to use fairy stories4 ,briefly1 the
 whole matter may be summed up thus3    
,know your story perfectly4 ,don't read 
it 7unless you can't do better74 ,tell  
it--with all the graces of voice and    
action you can command4 ,tell it        
naturally and simply1 as the            
folk-tellers did1 not with studied and  
elaborate elocutionary effects4 ,tell it
 again and again4 ,if you do it well1   

the children will not soon tire of      
it--and they will indicate what you     
should do next6   ,,suggestions         
7,books referred to by authors' name are
 listed         in bibliography47       
,the one important full-length          
discussion for         teachers on the  
whole subject of the fairy tale         
is ,kready's ,a ,study of ,fairy ,tales4
 ,it is         enthusiastic rather than
 severely critical1 and         that    
adds to its helpfulness4 ,it has        
exhaustive         bibliographies4 ,the 
,ruskin quotations above are            
from his introduction to ,taylor's      
,grimm2 it         may be found also in 
his collected works1 in         ,on the 
,old ,road4 ,miss ,repplier's ,battle of
         the ,babies in her ,essays in  
,miniature should         be read       
entire4 ,a thoroughly stimulating       
article is ,brian ,hooker's ,narrative  
and the         ,fairy ,tale1 ,bookman1 
,vol4 ,,xxxiii1 pp4 #chi1         #eja2 
see also his ,types of ,fairy ,tales1   

,forum1 ,vol4 ,,xl1 p4 #cge4 ,for the   
scientific         phase start with     
,hartland's ,science of ,fairy          
,tales4 ,for pedagogy see ,adler1       
,mac,clintock1         ,mc,murry4       
#adg          ,many ,english folk tales 
have doubtless been         lost because
 no one made a serious attempt to       
collect them until railroads1           
newspapers1 and         popular         
education had greatly changed the life  
of the ,english folk and destroyed many 
of the         traditions4 ,for the     
preservation of many folk         tales 
that we have1 ,english-speaking peoples 
are indebted to the scholarly           
antiquarian ,james         ,orchard     
,halliwell 7afterwards                  
,halliwell-,phillips1 #ahbj-ahhi71 who  
in the year         #ahdb edited a      
collection of ,the ,nursery ,rhymes     
of ,england for the ,percy ,society4 ,he
 followed         it a few years later  
with ,popular ,rhymes and               
,nursery ,tales4 ,they have long been   

regarded as         the basic books in  
their field4 ,these two                 
collections were reprinted as ,nursery  
,rhymes         and ,tales4 ,this       
one-volume edition is the one           
referred to in the following pages4     
,halliwell         should be remembered 
as the first person to         collect  
in a scientific way the folk literature 
of ,england4 ,he gathered these rhymes  
and tales         from the mouths of the
 folk1 from chapbooks1         and from 
many other sources and endeavored to    
tell them as they had been told by the  
folk4          ,the ,old ,woman and ,her
 ,pig is perhaps the most               
familiar of all nursery stories4 ,it    
belongs to         the type of story    
known as the accumulative1         of   
which ,the ,house ,that ,jack ,built is 
the         purest model4 ,in such a    
story there is a         constant       
repetition of the plot1 with an         
addition or slight change at each       
repetition1         until at the end    

there is a quick unwinding         which
 carries us back to the initial         
situation         and solves the        
difficulty with which the story         
started4 ,halliwell gives two versions  
of this         particular story4 ,it is
 so widespread that many         slight 
variations would be expected in         
successful retellings of it4 ,the       
traditional         version which       
follows seems to be the favorite        
with primary teachers4 ,it introduces at
 the         sixth stage the attractive 
rhyme ,i see by the         moonlight1  
etc41 which originally formed part      
of another nursery tale4   ,,the ,,old  
,,woman ,,and ,,her ,,pig  ,once upon a 
time1 an old woman was sweeping her     
little house1 when1 to her great joy1   
she found a silver sixpence4  ,what1    
said she1 shall ,i do with this little  
sixpence8 ,i think ,i will go to market 
and buy a pig4 ,so the next day1 she    
went to market1 and bought a nice little
 white pig4 ,she tied a string to one of

 the pig's legs1 and began to drive him 
home4  ,on the way1 the old woman and   
her pig came to a stile1 and she said1--
          ,please1 pig1 get over the    
stile4           ,but the pig would not4
  ,just then a little dog came trotting 
up1 and the old woman said to him1--    
,dog1 dog1 bite pig2         ,pig won't 
get over the stile1         ,and ,i     
sha'n't get home to-night4              
,but the dog would not4  ,so the old    
woman held up her stick1 and said1--    
,stick1 stick1 beat dog2         ,dog   
won't bite pig2         ,pig won't get  
over the stile1         ,and ,i sha'n't 
get home to-night4           ,but the   
stick would not4  ,so the old woman     
gathered some bits of wood together to  
make a fire1 and set them on fire1 and  
then threw her stick into the fire1 and 
said1--          ,fire1 fire1 burn      
stick2         ,stick won't beat dog2   
,dog won't bite pig2         ,pig won't 
get over the stile1         ,and ,i     
sha'n't get home to-night4              

,but the fire would not4  ,so the old   
woman fetched a pail of water that was  
standing near1 and said1--              
,water1 water1 quench fire2             
,fire won't burn stick2         ,stick  
won't beat dog2         ,dog won't bite 
pig2         ,pig won't get over the    
stile1         ,and ,i sha'n't get home 
to-night4           ,but the water would
 not4  ,then the old woman saw an ox    
coming2 so she said1--          ,ox1 ox1
 drink water2         ,water won't      
quench fire2         ,fire won't burn   
stick2         ,stick won't beat dog2   
,dog won't bite pig2         ,pig won't 
go4         ,i see by the moonlight1    
,it's long past midnight2         ,time 
pig and ,i were home an hour and a half 
ago4           ,but the ox would not4   
,so the old woman turned round1 and saw 
a butcher1 and she said1--              
,butcher1 butcher1 kill ox2         ,ox 
won't drink water2         ,water won't 
quench fire2         ,fire won't burn   
stick2         ,stick won't beat dog2   

,dog won't bite pig2         ,pig won't 
go4         ,i see by the moonlight1    
,it's long past midnight2         ,time 
pig and ,i were home an hour and a half 
ago4           ,but the butcher would   
not4  ,so the old woman took a rope out 
of her pocket1 and said1--              
,rope1 rope1 hang butcher2              
,butcher won't kill ox2         ,ox     
won't drink water2         ,water won't 
quench fire2         ,fire won't burn   
stick2         ,stick won't beat dog2   
,dog won't bite pig2         ,pig won't 
go4         ,i see by the moonlight1    
,it's long past midnight2         ,time 
pig and ,i were home an hour and a half 
ago4           ,but the rope would not4 
,just then a large brown mouse ran      
across the meadow1 and she said1--      
,mouse1 mouse1 gnaw rope2         ,rope 
won't hang butcher2         ,butcher    
won't kill ox2         ,ox won't drink  
water2         ,water won't quench fire2
         ,fire won't burn stick2        
,stick won't beat dog2         ,dog     

won't bite pig2         ,pig won't go4  
,i see by the moonlight1         ,it's  
long past midnight2         ,time pig   
and ,i were home an hour and a half ago4
         ,yes1 said the mouse1 ,i will  
if you           will give me some      
cheese4  ,so the old woman put her hand 
in her pocket1 and found a nice piece of
 cheese2 and when the mouse had eaten   
it1          ,the mouse began to gnaw   
the rope1         ,the rope began to    
hang the butcher1         ,the butcher  
began to kill the ox1         ,the ox   
began to drink the water1         ,the  
water began to quench the fire1         
,the fire began to burn the stick1      
,the stick began to beat the dog1       
,the dog began to bite the pig1         
,and the pig began to go4  ,but what    
time the old woman and her pig got home1
 you1 nor ,i1 nor nobody knows4    #adh 
,teachers and parents owe a greater debt
 of         gratitude to ,joseph ,jacobs
 than to any other         modern       
student of folklore4 ,he was born in    

,australia in #ahed1 spent most of his  
life in         scholarly pursuits in   
,england1 and died in         ,america  
in #aiaf4 ,in his six volumes of        
,english1         ,celtic1 ,indian1 and 
,european fairy tales he         gave   
the world versions of its best known and
         most representative folk       
stories in a form         suited to     
children while remaining true in all    
essentials to the original oral versions
 of the         folk4 ,this combination 
of scientific accuracy         and      
literary workmanship is very rare4 ,in  
the         introductions and notes to  
these various         volumes may be    
found a wealth of information           
which the general reader can understand 
without         the necessity of special
 training in the         science of     
folklore4 ,and best of all1 these       
volumes can be had at prices that are   
comparatively cheap4          ,the      
following story of ,henny-,penny is     
given         in the fine version by    

,joseph ,jacobs in his         ,english 
,fairy ,tales4 ,he heard it as a child  
in ,australia and he thinks the fun     
consists in         the avoidance of all
 pronouns1 which results in             
jawbreaking sentences4 ,this story is   
also very         familiar in the       
,halliwell version called               
,chicken-,licken1 and there are numerous
         ,european parallels4           
,,henny-,,penny  ,one day ,henny-penny  
was picking up corn in the cornyard     
when--whack6--something hit her upon the
 head4 ,goodness gracious me6 said      
,henny-penny2 the sky's a-going to fall2
 ,i must go and tell the king4  ,so she 
went along1 and she went along1 and she 
went along till she met ,cocky-locky4   
,where are you going1 ,henny-penny8 says
 ,cocky-locky4 ,oh6 ,i'm going to tell  
the king the sky's a-falling1 says      
,henny-penny4 ,may ,i come with you8    
says ,cocky-locky4 ,certainly1 says     
,henny-penny4 ,so ,henny-penny and      
,cocky-locky went to tell the king the  

sky was a-falling4  ,they went along1   
and they went along1 and they went      
along1 till they met ,ducky-daddles4    
,where are you going to1 ,henny-penny   
and ,cocky-locky8 says ,ducky-daddles4  
,oh6 we're going to tell the king the   
sky's a-falling1 said ,henny-penny and  
,cocky-locky4 ,may ,i come with you8    
says ,ducky-daddles4 ,certainly1 said   
,henny-penny and ,cocky-locky4 ,so      
,henny-penny1 ,cocky-locky1 and         
,ducky-daddles went to tell the king the
 sky was a-falling4  ,so they went      
along1 and they went along1 and they    
went along1 till they met               
,goosey-poosey4 ,where are you going to1
 ,henny-penny1 ,cocky-locky1 and        
,ducky-daddles8 said ,goosey-poosey4    
,oh6 we're going to tell the king the   
sky's a-falling1 said ,henny-penny and  
,cocky-locky and ,ducky-daddles4 ,may ,i
 come with you8 said ,goosey-poosey4    
,certainly1 said ,henny-penny1          
,cocky-locky1 and ,ducky-daddles4 ,so   
,henny-penny1 ,cocky-locky1             

,ducky-daddles1 and ,goosey-poosey went 
to tell the king the sky was a-falling4 
,so they went along1 and they went      
along1 and they went along1 till they   
met ,turkey-lurkey4 ,where are you      
going1 ,henny-penny1 ,cocky-locky1      
,ducky-daddles1 and ,goosey-poosey8 says
 ,turkey-lurkey4 ,oh6 we're going to    
tell the king the sky's a-falling1 said 
,henny-penny1 ,cocky-locky1             
,ducky-daddles1 and ,goosey-poosey4 ,may
 ,i come with you1 ,henny-penny1        
,cocky-locky1 ,ducky-daddles1 and       
,goosey-poosey8 said ,turkey-lurkey4    
,oh1 certainly1 ,turkey-lurkey1 said    
,henny-penny1 ,cocky-locky1             
,ducky-daddles1 and ,goosey-poosey4 ,so 
,henny-penny1 ,cocky-locky1             
,ducky-daddles1 ,goosey-poosey1 and     
,turkey-lurkey all went to tell the king
 the sky was a-falling4  ,so they went  
along1 and they went along1 and they    
went along1 till they met ,foxy-woxy1   
and ,foxy-woxy said to ,henny-penny1    
,cocky-locky1 ,ducky-daddles1           

,goosey-poosey1 and ,turkey-lurkey3     
,where are you going1 ,henny-penny1     
,cocky-locky1 ,ducky-daddles1           
,goosey-poosey1 and ,turkey-lurkey8 ,and
 ,henny-penny1 ,cocky-locky1            
,ducky-daddles1 ,goosey-poosey1 and     
,turkey-lurkey said to ,foxy-woxy3      
,we're going to tell the king the sky's 
a-falling4 ,oh6 but this is not the way 
to the king1 ,henny-penny1 ,cocky-locky1
 ,ducky-daddles1 ,goosey-poosey1 and    
,turkey-lurkey1 says ,foxy-woxy2 ,i know
 the proper way2 shall ,i show it you8  
,oh1 certainly1 ,foxy-woxy1 said        
,henny-,penny1 ,cocky-locky1            
,ducky-daddles1 ,goosey-poosey1 and     
,turkey-lurkey4 ,so ,henny-penny1       
,cocky-locky1 ,ducky-daddles1           
,goosey-poosey1 ,turkey-lurkey1 and     
,foxy-woxy all went to tell the king the
 sky was a-falling4  ,so they went      
along1 and they went along1 and they    
went along1 till they came to a narrow  
and dark hole4 ,now this was the door of
 ,foxy-woxy's cave4 ,but ,foxy-woxy said

 to ,henny-penny1 ,cocky-locky1         
,ducky-daddles1 ,goosey-poosey1 and     
,turkey-lurkey3 ,this is the short way  
to the king's palace2 you'll soon get   
there if you follow me4 ,i will go first
 and you come after1 ,henny-,penny1     
,cocky-locky1 ,ducky-daddles1           
,goosey-poosey1 and ,turkey-lurkey4 ,why
 of course1 certainly1 without doubt1   
why not8 said ,henny-penny1             
,cocky-locky1 ,ducky-daddles1           
,goosey-poosey1 and ,turkey-lurkey4  ,so
 ,foxy-woxy went into his cave1 and he  
didn't go very far1 but turned round to 
wait for ,henny-penny1 ,cocky-locky1    
,ducky-daddles1 ,goosey-poosey1 and     
,turkey-lurkey4 ,so at last at first    
,turkey-lurkey went through the dark    
hole into the cave4 ,he hadn't got far  
when ,hrumph1 ,foxy-woxy snapped off    
,turkey-lurkey's head and threw his body
 over his left shoulder4 ,then          
,goosey-poosey went in1 and ,hrumph1 off
 went her head and ,goosey-poosey was   
thrown beside ,turkey-lurkey4 ,then     

,ducky-daddles waddled down1 and        
,hrumph1 snapped ,foxy-woxy1 and        
,ducky-daddles' head was off and        
,ducky-daddles was thrown alongside     
,turkey-lurkey and ,goosey-poosey4 ,then
 ,cocky-locky strutted down into the    
cave1 and he hadn't gone far when ,snap1
 ,hrumph6 went ,foxy-woxy and           
,cocky-locky was thrown alongside of    
,turkey-lurkey1 ,goosey-poosey1 and     
,ducky-daddles4  ,but ,foxy-woxy had    
made two bites at ,cocky-locky1 and when
 the first snap only hurt ,cocky-locky1 
but didn't kill him1 he called out to   
,henny-penny4 ,but she turned tail and  
off she ran home1 so she never told the 
king the sky was a-falling4    #adi     
,the favorite story of ,teeny-,tiny is  
taken         from ,halliwell1 who      
obtained it from oral         tradition1
 and by whom it was1 apparently1        
first put into print4 ,this simple tale1
 he         says1 seldom fails to rivet 
the attention of         children1      
especially if well told4 ,the last two  

words should be said loudly with a      
start4 ,many         modern             
story-tellers seem to prefer modified   
forms of this story1 presumably owing to
 a         feeling on their part that   
the bone and the         churchyard have
 gruesome suggestions4 ,carolyn         
,s4 ,bailey gives one of the best of    
these         modified forms in her     
,firelight ,stories1         where the  
woman goes into a field instead of      
the churchyard1 finds a hen at the foot 
of a         tree1 thinks this is a     
chance to have an egg         for her   
breakfast1 puts the hen in her          
reticule1 goes home1 puts the hen in her
         cupboard1 and goes upstairs to 
take a nap4 ,of         course the      
teeny-tiny goes in at every point4      
,substituting hen for bone1 the story   
continues substantially as given below4 
,,teeny-,,tiny  ,once upon a time there 
was a teeny-tiny woman lived in a       
teeny-tiny house in a teeny-tiny        
village4 ,now1 one day this teeny-tiny  

woman put on her teeny-tiny bonnet1 and 
went out of her teeny-tiny house to take
 a teeny-tiny walk4 ,and when this      
teeny-tiny woman had gone a teeny-tiny  
way1 she came to a teeny-tiny gate2 so  
the teeny-tiny woman opened the         
teeny-tiny gate1 and went into a        
teeny-tiny churchyard4 ,and when this   
teeny-tiny woman had got into the       
teeny-tiny churchyard1 she saw a        
teeny-tiny bone on a teeny-tiny grave1  
and the teeny-tiny woman said to her    
teeny-tiny self1 ,this teeny-tiny bone  
will make me some teeny-tiny soup for my
 teeny-tiny supper4 ,so the teeny-tiny  
woman put the teeny-tiny bone into her  
teeny-tiny pocket1 and went home to her 
teeny-tiny house4  ,now when the        
teeny-tiny woman got home to her        
teeny-tiny house1 she was a teeny-tiny  
tired2 so she went up her teeny-tiny    
stairs to her teeny-tiny bed1 and put   
the teeny-tiny bone into a teeny-tiny   
cupboard4 ,and when this teeny-tiny     
woman had been to sleep a teeny-tiny    

time1 she was awakened by a teeny-tiny  
voice from the teeny-tiny cupboard1     
which said3          ,,give ,,me ,,my   
,,bone6  ,and this teeny-tiny woman was 
a teeny-tiny frightened1 so she hid her 
teeny-tiny head under the teeny-tiny    
clothes and went to sleep again4 ,and   
when she had been to sleep again a      
teeny-tiny time1 the teeny-tiny voice   
again cried out from the teeny-tiny     
cupboard a teeny-tiny louder1           
,,give ,,me ,,my ,,bone6  ,this made the
 teeny-tiny woman a teeny-tiny more     
frightened1 so she hid her teeny-tiny   
head a teeny-tiny farther under the     
teeny-tiny clothes4 ,and when the       
teeny-tiny woman had been to sleep again
 a teeny-tiny time1 the teeny-tiny voice
 from the teeny-tiny cupboard said again
 a teeny-tiny louder1          ,,give   
,,me ,,my ,,bone6  ,and this teeny-tiny 
woman was a teeny-tiny bit more         
frightened1 but she put her teeny-tiny  
head out of the teeny-tiny clothes1 and 
said in her loudest teeny-tiny voice1   

,,take ,,it6    #aej          ,the very 
old story that follows is taken from    
,halliwell1 and is1 according to        
,jacobs1         scarcely more than a   
variant of ,the ,old ,woman         and 
,her ,pig4 ,like that story1 ,the ,cat  
and the         ,mouse appeals to small 
people by its         pronounced        
rhythmical structure1 accentuated by    
the rhyme which marks the transition to 
each         new section1 and by the run
 at the close4   ,,the ,,cat ,,and ,,the
 ,,mouse          ,the cat and the mouse
         ,played in the malt-house3     
,the cat bit the mouse's tail off4      
,pray1 puss1 give me my tail4  ,no1 said
 the cat1 ,i'll not give you your tail  
till you go to the cow and fetch me some
 milk4          ,first she leapt1 and   
then she ran1         ,till she came to 
the cow1 and thus began3  ,pray1 cow1   
give me milk1 that ,i may give cat milk1
 that cat may give me my own tail again4
  ,no1 said the cow1 ,i will give you no
 milk till you go to the farmer and     

fetch me some hay4          ,first she  
leapt1 and then she ran1         ,till  
she came to the farmer1 and thus began3 
,pray1 farmer1 give me hay1 that ,i may 
give cow hay1 that cow may give me milk1
 that ,i may give cat milk1 that cat may
 give me my own tail again4  ,no1 said  
the farmer1 ,i'll give you no hay till  
you go to the butcher and fetch me some 
meat4          ,first she leapt1 and    
then she ran1         ,till she came to 
the butcher1 and thus began3  ,pray1    
butcher1 give me meat1 that ,i may give 
farmer meat1 that farmer may give me    
hay1 that ,i may give cow hay1 that cow 
may give me milk1 that ,i may give cat  
milk1 that cat may give me my own tail  
again4  ,no1 said the butcher1 ,i'll    
give you no meat till you go to the     
baker and fetch me some bread4          
,first she leapt1 and then she ran1     
,till she came to the baker1 and thus   
began3  ,pray1 baker1 give me bread1    
that ,i may give butcher bread1 that    
butcher may give me meat1 that ,i may   

give farmer meat1 that farmer may give  
me hay1 that ,i may give cow hay1 that  
cow may give me milk1 that ,i may give  
cat milk1 that cat may give me my own   
tail again4          ,yes1 said the     
baker1 ,i'll give you some bread1       
,but if you eat my meal1 ,i'll cut off  
your head4  ,then the baker gave mouse  
bread1 and mouse gave butcher bread1 and
 butcher gave mouse meat1 and mouse gave
 farmer meat1 and farmer gave mouse hay1
 and mouse gave cow hay1 and cow gave   
mouse milk1 and mouse gave cat milk1 and
 cat gave mouse her own tail again4     
#aea          ,the following story is in
 the most familiar         version of   
,halliwell's collection4 ,another       
much-used form of the story may be found
 in         ,lang's ,green ,fairy ,book1
 in which the pigs         are          
distinctly characterized and given the  
names of ,browny1 ,whitey1 and ,blacky4 
,jacobs         uses the ,halliwell     
version in his ,english         ,fairy  
,tales1 but prefixes to it an opening   

formula which seems to have been much in
 use by         old story-tellers as a  
way of beginning almost         any oral
 story for children3          ,once upon
 a time when pigs spoke rhyme           
,and monkeys chewed tobacco1            
,and hens took snuff to make them tough1
         ,and ducks went quack1 quack1  
quack1 ,o6   ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,the   
,,three ,,little ,,pigs  ,once upon a   
time there was an old sow with three    
little pigs1 and as she had not enough  
to keep them1 she sent them out to seek 
their fortune4 ,the first that went off 
met a man with a bundle of straw1 and   
said to him3  ,please1 man1 give me that
 straw to build me a house4  ,which the 
man did1 and the little pig built a     
house with it4 ,presently came along a  
wolf1 and knocked at the door1 and said3
  ,little pig1 little pig1 let me come  
in4  ,to which the pig answered3  ,no1  
no1 by the hair of my chinny chin chin4 
,the wolf then answered to that3  ,then 
,i'll huff1 and ,i'll puff1 and ,i'll   

blow your house in4  ,so he huffed1 and 
he puffed1 and he blew his house in1 and
 ate up the little pig4  ,the second    
little pig met a man with a bundle of   
furze and said3  ,please1 man1 give me  
that furze to build a house4  ,which the
 man did1 and the pig built his house4  
,then along came the wolf1 and said3    
,little pig1 little pig1 let me come in4
  ,no1 no1 by the hair of my chinny chin
 chin4  ,then ,i'll puff1 and ,i'll     
huff1 and ,i'll blow your house in4  ,so
 he huffed1 and he puffed1 and he       
puffed1 and he huffed1 and at last he   
blew the house down1 and he ate up the  
little pig4  ,the third little pig met a
 man with a load of bricks1 and said3   
,please1 man1 give me those bricks to   
build a house with4  ,so the man gave   
him the bricks1 and he built his house  
with them4 ,so the wolf came1 as he did 
to the other little pigs1 and said3     
,little pig1 little pig1 let me come in4
  ,no1 no1 by the hair on my chinny chin
 chin4  ,then ,i'll huff1 and ,i'll     

puff1 and ,i'll blow your house in4     
,well1 he huffed1 and he puffed1 and he 
huffed and he puffed1 and he puffed and 
huffed2 but he could not get the house  
down4 ,when he found that he could not1 
with all his huffing and puffing1 blow  
the house down1 he said3  ,little pig1  
,i know where there is a nice field of  
turnips4  ,where8 said the little pig4  
,oh1 in ,mr4 ,smith's ,home-field1 and  
if you will be ready to-morrow morning  
,i will call for you1 and we will go    
together and get some for dinner4  ,very
 well1 said the little pig1 ,i will be  
ready4 ,what time do you mean to go8    
,oh1 at six o'clock4  ,well1 the little 
pig got up at five and got the turnips  
before the wolf came 7which he did about
 six71 who said3  ,little pig1 are you  
ready8  ,the little pig said3 ,ready6 ,i
 have been and come back again1 and got 
a nice potful for dinner4  ,the wolf    
felt very angry at this1 but thought    
that he would be up to the little pig   
somehow or other1 so he said3  ,little  

pig1 ,i know where there is a nice      
apple-tree4  ,where8 said the pig4      
,down at ,merry-garden1 replied the     
wolf1 and if you will not deceive me ,i 
will come for you at five o'clock       
tomorrow and we will go together and get
 some apples4  ,well1 the little pig    
bustled up the next morning at four     
o'clock1 and went off for the apples1   
hoping to get back before the wolf came2
 but he had farther to go and had to    
climb the tree1 so that just as he was  
coming down from it1 he saw the wolf    
coming1 which1 as you may suppose1      
frightened him very much4 ,when the wolf
 came up he said3  ,little pig1 what6   
are you here before me8 ,are they nice  
apples8  ,yes1 very1 said the little    
pig4 ,i will throw you down one4  ,and  
he threw it so far that1 while the wolf 
was gone to pick it up1 the little pig  
jumped down and ran home4 ,the next day 
the wolf came again and said to the     
little pig3  ,little pig1 there is a    
fair at ,shanklin this afternoon4 ,will 

you go8  ,oh1 yes1 said the pig1 ,i will
 go4 ,what time shall you be ready8  ,at
 three1 said the wolf4 ,so the little   
pig went off before the time as usual1  
and got to the fair and bought a        
butter-churn1 which he was going home   
with1 when he saw the wolf coming4 ,then
 he could not tell what to do4 ,so he   
got into the churn to hide1 and by so   
doing turned it round1 and it rolled    
down the hill with the pig in it1 which 
frightened the wolf so much that he ran 
home without going to the fair4 ,he went
 to the little pig's house and told him 
how frightened he had been by a great   
round thing which came down the hill    
past him4 ,then the little pig said3    
,hah1 ,i frightened you1 then4 ,i had   
been to the fair and bought a           
butter-churn1 and when ,i saw you1 ,i   
got into it and rolled down the hill4   
,then the wolf was very angry indeed1   
and declared he would eat up the little 
pig and that he would get down the      
chimney after him4 ,when the little pig 

saw what he was about1 he hung on the   
pot full of water and made up a blazing 
fire1 and1 just as the wolf was coming  
down1 took off the cover1 and in fell   
the wolf2 so the little pig put on the  
cover again in an instant1 boiled him   
up1 and ate him for supper1 and lived   
happy ever afterwards4    #aeb          
,how great calamities sometimes grow out
 of         small causes is illustrated 
in an old         proverbial saying of  
,poor ,richard 7see ,no4         #acg74 
,the favorite ,english folk-tale version
 of         this theme1 taken from      
,halliwell1 is given         below4 ,it 
takes the form of an accumulative       
droll1 or comic story4 ,the overwhelming
         catastrophe at the end is so   
complete and so         unexpected that 
it has a decidedly humorous             
effect4   ,,titty ,,mouse ,,and ,,tatty 
,,mouse          ,titty ,mouse and      
,tatty ,mouse both lived in a house1    
,titty ,mouse went a leasing and ,tatty 
,mouse went a leasing1         ,so they 

both went a leasing4            ,titty  
,mouse leased an ear of corn1 and       
,tatty ,mouse leased an ear of corn1    
,so they both leased an ear of corn4    
,titty ,mouse made a pudding1 and       
,tatty ,mouse made a pudding1           
,so they both made a pudding4           
,and ,tatty ,mouse put her pudding into 
the pot to boil1           ,but when    
,titty went to put hers in1 the pot     
tumbled over1 and                scalded
 her to death4  ,then ,tatty sat down   
and wept2 then a three-legged stool     
said3 ,tatty1 why do you weep8 ,titty's 
dead1 said ,tatty1 and so ,i weep4      
,then1 said the stool1 ,i'll hop1 so the
 stool hopped4  ,then a broom in the    
corner of the room said3 ,stool1 why do 
you hop8 ,oh6 said the stool1 ,titty's  
dead1 and ,tatty weeps1 and so ,i hop4  
,then1 said the broom1 ,i'll sweep1 so  
the broom began to sweep4  ,then1 said  
the door1 ,broom1 why do you sweep8 ,oh6
 said the broom1 ,titty's dead1 and     
,tatty weeps1 and the stool hops1 and so

 ,i sweep4 ,then1 said the door1 ,i'll  
jar1 so the door jarred4  ,then1 said   
the window1 ,door1 why do you jar8 ,oh1 
said the door1 ,titty's dead1 and ,tatty
 weeps1 the stool hops1 and the broom   
sweeps1 and so ,i jar4  ,then1 said the 
window1 ,i'll creak1 so the window      
creaked4 ,now there was an old form     
outside the house1 and when the window  
creaked1 the form said3 ,window1 why do 
you creak8 ,oh6 said the window1        
,titty's dead1 and ,tatty weeps1 and the
 stool hops1 and the broom sweeps1 the  
door jars1 and so ,i creak4  ,then1 said
 the old form1 ,i'll run round the      
house2 then the old form ran round the  
house4 ,now there was a fine large      
walnut-tree growing by the cottage1 and 
the tree said to the form3 ,form1 why do
 you run round the house8 ,oh6 said the 
form1 ,titty's dead1 and ,tatty weeps1  
and the stool hops1 and the broom       
sweeps1 the door jars1 and the window   
creaks1 and so ,i run round the house4  
,then1 said the walnut-tree1 ,i'll shed 

my leaves1 so the walnut-tree shed all  
its beautiful green leaves4 ,now there  
was a little bird perched on one of the 
boughs of the tree1 and when all the    
leaves fell1 it said3 ,walnut-tree1 why 
do you shed your leaves8 ,oh6 said the  
tree1 ,titty's dead1 and ,tatty weeps1  
the stool hops1 and the broom sweeps1   
the door jars1 and the window creaks1   
the old form runs round the house1 and  
so ,i shed my leaves4  ,then1 said the  
little bird1 ,i'll moult all my         
feathers1 so he moulted all his pretty  
feathers4 ,now there was a little girl  
walking below1 carrying a jug of milk   
for her brothers' and sisters' supper1  
and when she saw the poor little bird   
moult all its feathers1 she said3       
,little bird1 why do you moult all your 
feathers8 ,oh6 said the little bird1    
,titty's dead1 and ,tatty weeps1 the    
stool hops1 and the broom sweeps1 the   
door jars1 and the window creaks1 the   
old form runs round the house1 the      
walnut-tree sheds its leaves1 and so ,i 

moult all my feathers4  ,then1 said the 
little girl1 ,i'll spill the milk1 so   
she dropt the pitcher and spilt the     
milk4 ,now there was an old man just by 
on the top of a ladder thatching a rick1
 and when he saw the little girl spill  
the milk1 he said3 ,little girl1 what do
 you mean by spilling the milk8--your   
little brothers and sisters must go     
without their supper4 ,then said the    
little girl3 ,titty's dead1 and ,tatty  
weeps1 the stool hops1 and the broom    
sweeps1 the door jars1 and the window   
creaks1 the old form runs round the     
house1 the walnut-tree sheds all its    
leaves1 the little bird moults all its  
feathers1 and so ,i spill the milk4     
,oh6 said the old man1 then ,i'll tumble
 off the ladder and break my neck1 so he
 tumbled off the ladder and broke his   
neck2 and when the old man broke his    
neck1 the great walnut-tree fell down   
with a crash and upset the old form and 
house1 and the house falling knocked the
 window out1 and the window knocked the 

door down1 and the door upset the broom1
 and the broom upset the stool1 and poor
 little ,tatty ,mouse was buried beneath
 the ruins4    #aec          ,the ,story
 of the ,three ,bears is perhaps the    
only instance in which a piece of       
literature by         a known ,english  
author is found among accepted          
folk tales4 ,it appeared in ,robert     
,southey's         rambling miscellany1 
,the ,doctor 7#ahcg74 ,he         may   
have taken it from an old tale1 but no  
amount of investigation has located any 
certain         source4 ,in the most    
familiar versions the         naughty   
old woman gives place to a little girl  
whose name is ,goldenhair1 ,goldilocks1 
,silverhair1 or ,silverlocks4 ,the point
 to the         story is lessened by the
 change1 but the         popularity of  
these modifications seems to            
suggest that children prefer to have the
         ill-mannered old woman turned  
into an         attractive little girl4 
,southey apparently was                 

delighted with efforts to bring his     
story into         any form more        
pleasing to the folk1 and we find       
his son-in-law saying that he was       
especially         pleased with a       
versification by ,g4 ,n4 and            
published especially for the amusement  
of         'little people' lest in the  
volumes of ,the         ,doctor it      
should 'escape their sight4'            
,however1 it would appear that teachers 
at least         should know this       
masterpiece in the only form         in 
which its author put it4 ,to that end   
this         version of ,the ,three     
,bears follows ,southey         with the
 change of a single word4 ,at the head  
of the story he placed these lines from 
,gascoyne3          ,a tale which may   
content the minds          ,of learned  
men and grave philosophers4   ,,the     
,,story ,,of ,,the ,,three ,,bears      
,,robert ,,southey                      
,transcriber's ,note3 ,for this story1  
different        sized text was used to 

indicate the size of the                
different bears' voices4 ,the largest   
text has        been denote by use of   
the  symbol and the        smallest text
 has been denoted by use of the         
symbol4  ,once upon a time there were   
,three ,bears who lived together in a   
house of their own in a wood4 ,one of   
them was a ,little1 ,small1 ,wee ,bear2 
and one was a ,middle-sized ,bear1 and  
the other was a ,great1 ,huge ,bear4    
,they had each a pot for their porridge2
 a little pot for the ,little1 ,small1  
,wee ,bear2 and a middle-sized pot for  
the ,middle ,bear2 and a great pot for  
the ,great1 ,huge ,bear4 ,and they had  
each a chair to sit in2 a little chair  
for the ,little1 ,small1 ,wee ,bear2 and
 a middle-sized chair for the ,middle   
,bear2 and a great chair for the ,great1
 ,huge ,bear4 ,and they had each a bed  
to sleep in2 a little bed for the       
,little1 ,small1 ,wee ,bear2 and a      
middle-sized bed for the ,middle ,bear2 
and a great bed for the ,great1 ,huge   

,bear4  ,one day after they had made the
 porridge for their breakfast and poured
 it into their porridge-pots1 they      
walked out into the wood while the      
porridge was cooling1 that they might   
not burn their mouths by beginning too  
soon to eat it4 ,and while they were    
walking1 a little old ,woman came to the
 house4 ,she could not have been a good1
 honest old ,woman2 for first she looked
 in at the window and then she peeped in
 at the keyhole2 and seeing nobody in   
the house1 she lifted the latch4 ,the   
door was not fastened1 because the      
,bears were good ,bears1 who did nobody 
any harm and never suspected that       
anybody would harm them4 ,so the little 
old ,woman opened the door and went in1 
and well pleased she was when she saw   
the porridge on the table4 ,if she had  
been a good little old ,woman1 she would
 have waited till the ,bears came home1 
and then perhaps they would have asked  
her to breakfast1 for they were good    
,bears--a little rough or so1 as the    

manner of ,bears is1 but for all that   
very good-natured and hospitable4 ,but  
she was an impudent1 bad old ,woman1 and
 set about helping herself4  ,so first  
she tasted the porridge of the ,great1  
,huge ,bear1 and that was too hot for   
her2 and she said a bad word about that4
 ,and then she tasted the porridge of   
the ,middle ,bear1 and that was too cold
 for her2 and she said a bad word about 
that too4 ,and then she went to the     
porridge of the ,little1 ,small1 ,wee   
,bear1 and tasted that2 and that was    
neither too hot nor too cold1 but just  
right2 and she liked it so well that she
 ate it all up4 ,but the naughty old    
,woman said a bad word about the little 
porridge-pot because it did not hold    
enough for her4  ,then the little old   
,woman sat down in the chair of the     
,great1 ,huge ,bear1 and that was too   
hard for her4 ,and then she sat down in 
the chair of the ,middle ,bear1 and that
 was too soft for her4 ,and then she sat
 down in the chair of the ,little1      

,small1 ,wee ,bear1 and that was neither
 too hard nor too soft1 but just right4 
,so she seated herself in it1 and there 
she sat till the bottom of the chair    
came out1 and down she came1 plump upon 
the ground4 ,and the naughty old ,woman 
said a wicked word about that too4      
,then the little old ,woman went        
upstairs into the bed-chamber in which  
the three ,bears slept4 ,and first she  
lay down upon the bed of the ,great1    
,huge ,bear2 but that was too high at   
the head for her4 ,and next she lay down
 upon the bed of the ,middle ,bear1 and 
that was too high at the foot for her4  
,and then she lay down upon the bed of  
the ,little1 ,small1 ,wee ,bear1 and    
that was neither too high at the head   
nor at the foot1 but just right4 ,so she
 covered herself up comfortably and lay 
there till she fell fast asleep4  ,by   
this time the ,three ,bears thought     
their porridge would be cool enough1 so 
they came home to breakfast4 ,now the   
little old ,woman had left the spoon of 

the ,great1 ,huge ,bear standing in his 
porridge4  ,,somebody ,,has ,,been ,,at 
,,my ,,porridge6 said the ,great1 ,huge 
,bear1 in his great1 rough1 gruff voice4
 ,and when the ,middle ,bear looked at  
his1 he saw that the spoon was standing 
in it too4 ,they were wooden spoons2 if 
they had been silver ones1 the naughty  
old ,woman would have put them in her   
pocket4  ,,somebody ,,has ,,been ,,at   
,,my ,,porridge6 said the ,middle ,bear1
 in his middle voice4  ,then the        
,little1 ,small1 ,wee ,bear looked at   
his1 and there was the spoon in the     
porridge-pot1 but the porridge was all  
gone4  ,,somebody ,,has ,,been ,,at ,,my
 ,,porridge1 ,,and ,,has ,,eaten ,,it   
,,all ,,up6 said the ,little1 ,small1   
,wee ,bear1 in his little1 small1 wee   
voice4  ,upon this the ,three ,bears1   
seeing that some one had entered their  
house and eaten up the ,little1 ,small1 
,wee ,bear's breakfast1 began to look   
about them4 ,now the little old ,woman  
had not put the hard cushion straight   

when she rose from the chair of the     
,great1 ,huge ,bear4  ,,somebody ,,has  
,,been ,,sitting ,,in ,,my ,,chair6 said
 the ,great1 ,huge ,bear1 in his great1 
rough1 gruff voice4  ,and the little old
 ,woman had squatted down the soft      
cushion of the ,middle ,bear4           
,,somebody ,,has ,,been ,,sitting ,,in  
,,my ,,chair6 said the ,middle ,bear1 in
 his middle voice4  ,and you know what  
the little old ,woman had done to the   
third chair4  ,,somebody ,,has ,,been   
,,sitting ,,in ,,my ,,chair ,,and ,,has 
,,sat ,,the ,,bottom ,,out ,,of ,,it6   
said the ,little1 ,small1 ,wee ,bear1 in
 his little1 small1 wee voice4  ,then   
the three ,bears thought it necessary   
that they should make further search2 so
 they went upstairs into their          
bed-chamber4 ,now the little old ,woman 
had pulled the pillow of the ,great1    
,huge ,bear out of its place4           
,,somebody ,,has ,,been ,,lying ,,in    
,,my ,,bed6 said the ,great1 ,huge      
,bear1 in his great1 rough1 gruff voice4

  ,and the little old ,woman had pulled 
the bolster of the ,middle ,bear out of 
its place4  ,,somebody ,,has ,,been     
,,lying ,,in ,,my ,,bed6 said the       
,middle ,bear1 in his middle voice4     
,and when the ,little1 ,small1 ,wee     
,bear came to look at his bed1 there was
 the bolster in its right place1 and the
 pillow in its place upon the bolster2  
and upon the pillow was the little old  
,woman's ugly1 dirty head1--which was   
not in its place1 for she had no        
business there4  ,,somebody ,,has ,,been
 ,,lying ,,in ,,my ,,bed1--,,and ,,here 
,,she ,,is6 said the ,little1 ,small1   
,wee ,bear1 in his little1 small1 wee   
voice4  ,the little old ,woman had heard
 in her sleep the great1 rough1 gruff   
voice of the ,great1 ,huge ,bear2 but   
she was so fast asleep that it was no   
more to her than the roaring of wind or 
the rumbling of thunder4 ,and she had   
heard the middle voice of the ,middle   
,bear1 but it was only as if she had    
heard some one speaking in a dream4 ,but

 when she heard the little1 small1 wee  
voice of the ,little1 ,small1 ,wee      
,bear1 it was so sharp and so shrill    
that it awakened her at once4 ,up she   
started2 and when she saw the ,three    
,bears on one side of the bed1 she      
tumbled herself out at the other and ran
 to the window4 ,now the window was     
open1 because the ,bears1 like good1    
tidy ,bears as they were1 always opened 
their bed-chamber window when they got  
up in the morning4 ,out the little old  
,woman jumped2 and whether she broke her
 neck in the fall1 or ran into the wood 
and was lost there1 or found her way out
 of the wood and was taken up by the    
constable and sent to the ,house of     
,correction for a vagrant1 as she was1  
,i cannot tell4 ,but the ,three ,bears  
never saw anything more of her4    #aed 
,a noodle story is a droll1 or comic    
story1 that         follows the fortunes
 of very simple or stupid               
characters4 ,there are many noodle      
stories among         the favorites of  

the folk1 and the three                 
immediately following are among the best
 known4         ,this version of ,the   
,three ,sillies was         collected   
from oral tradition in ,suffolk1        
,england4 ,in the original the dangerous
 tool was         an ax1 but the        
collector informed ,mr4 ,hartland1      
in whose ,english ,fairy and ,folk      
,tales it is         reprinted1 that she
 had found it was really a         great
 big wooden mallet1 as some one had left
         sticking there when they'd been
 making-up the         beer4 ,this      
change1 following the example of        
,jacobs1 is made in the text of the     
story4 ,this         particular droll is
 widespread4 ,grimms' ,clever           
,elsie is the same story1 and a ,french 
version1         ,the ,six ,sillies1 is 
in ,lang's ,red ,fairy         ,book4 ,a
 very fine ,italian version1 called     
,bastienelo1 is given in ,crane's       
,italian         ,popular ,tales4 ,the  
tendency of people to         borrow    

trouble is so universal that stories    
illustrating its ludicrous consequences 
have         always had wide appeal4    
,some details of these         variants 
are due to local environments4 ,for     
instance1 in the ,italian story wine    
takes the         place of beer1 and it 
has been pointed out that         there 
are borrowing trouble stories found in  
,new ,york and ,ohio in which the thing 
feared is         the heavy iron door   
closing the mouth of the         oven   
which in pioneer days was built in by   
the         side of the fireplace4      
,,the ,,three ,,sillies  ,once upon a   
time there was a farmer and his wife who
 had one daughter1 and she was courted  
by a gentleman4 ,every evening he used  
to come and see her1 and stop to supper 
at the farmhouse1 and the daughter used 
to be sent down into the cellar to draw 
the beer for supper4 ,so one evening she
 had gone down to draw the beer1 and she
 happened to look up at the ceiling     
while she was drawing1 and she saw a    

mallet stuck in one of the beams4 ,it   
must have been there a long1 long time1 
but somehow or other she had never      
noticed it before1 and she began        
a-thinking4 ,and she thought it was very
 dangerous to have that mallet there1   
for she said to herself3 ,suppose him   
and me was to be married1 and we was to 
have a son1 and he was to grow up to be 
a man1 and come down into the cellar to 
draw the beer1 like as ,i'm doing now1  
and the mallet was to fall on his head  
and kill him1 what a dreadful thing it  
would be6 ,and she put down the candle  
and the jug1 and sat herself down and   
began a-crying4  ,well1 they began to   
wonder upstairs how it was that she was 
so long drawing the beer1 and her mother
 went down to see after her1 and she    
found her sitting on the settle crying1 
and the beer running over the floor4    
,why1 whatever is the matter8 said her  
mother4  ,oh1 mother6 says she1 look at 
that horrid mallet6 ,suppose we was to  
be married1 and was to have a son1 and  

he was to grow up1 and was to come down 
to the cellar to draw the beer1 and the 
mallet was to fall on his head and kill 
him1 what a dreadful thing it would be6 
,dear1 dear6 what a dreadful thing it   
would be6 said the mother1 and she sat  
her down aside of the daughter and      
started a-crying too4  ,then after a bit
 the father began to wonder that they   
didn't come back1 and he went down into 
the cellar to look after them himself1  
and there they two sat a-crying1 and the
 beer running all over the floor4       
,whatever is the matter8 says he4  ,why1
 says the mother1 look at that horrid   
mallet4 ,just suppose1 if our daughter  
and her sweetheart was to be married1   
and was to have a son1 and he was to    
grow up1 and was to come down into the  
cellar to draw the beer1 and the mallet 
was to fall on his head and kill him1   
what a dreadful thing it would be6      
,dear1 dear1 dear6 so it would6 said the
 father1 and he sat himself down aside  
of the other two1 and started a-crying4 

,now the gentleman got tired of stopping
 up in the kitchen by himself1 and at   
last he went down into the cellar too1  
to see what they were after2 and there  
they three sat a-crying side by side1   
and the beer running all over the floor4
 ,and he ran straight and turned the    
tap4 ,then he said3 ,whatever are you   
three doing1 sitting there crying1 and  
letting the beer run all over the floor8
  ,oh6 says the father1 look at that    
horrid mallet6 ,suppose you and our     
daughter was to be married1 and was to  
have a son1 and he was to grow up1 and  
was to come down into the cellar to draw
 the beer1 and the mallet was to fall on
 his head and kill him6 ,and then they  
all started a-crying worse than before4 
,but the gentleman burst out a-laughing1
 and reached up and pulled out the      
mallet1 and then he said3 ,i've traveled
 many miles1 and ,i never met three such
 big sillies as you three before2 and   
now ,i shall start out on my travels    
again1 and when ,i can find three bigger

 sillies than you three1 then ,i'll come
 back and marry your daughter4 ,so he   
wished them good-bye1 and started off on
 his travels1 and left them all crying  
because the girl had lost her           
sweetheart4  ,well1 he set out1 and he  
traveled a long way1 and at last he came
 to a woman's cottage that had some     
grass growing on the roof4 ,and the     
woman was trying to get her cow to go up
 a ladder to the grass1 and the poor    
thing durst not go4 ,so the gentleman   
asked the woman what she was doing4     
,why1 lookye1 she said1 look at all that
 beautiful grass4 ,i'm going to get the 
cow on to the roof to eat it4 ,she'll be
 quite safe1 for ,i shall tie a string  
round her neck1 and pass it down the    
chimney1 and tie it to my wrist as ,i go
 about the house1 so she can't fall off 
without my knowing it4  ,oh1 you poor   
silly6 said the gentleman1 you should   
cut the grass and throw it down to the  
cow6 ,but the woman thought it was      
easier to get the cow up the ladder than

 to get the grass down1 so she pushed   
her and coaxed her and got her up1 and  
tied a string round her neck1 and passed
 it down the chimney1 and fastened it to
 her own wrist4 ,and the gentleman went 
on his way1 but he hadn't gone far when 
the cow tumbled off the roof1 and hung  
by the string tied round her neck1 and  
it strangled her4 ,and the weight of the
 cow tied to her wrist pulled the woman 
up the chimney1 and she stuck fast      
half-way and was smothered in the soot4 
,well1 that was one big silly4  ,and the
 gentleman went on and on1 and he went  
to an inn to stop the night1 and they   
were so full at the inn that they had to
 put him in a double-bedded room1 and   
another traveller was to sleep in the   
other bed4 ,the other man was a very    
pleasant fellow1 and they got very      
friendly together2 but in the morning1  
when they were both getting up1 the     
gentleman was surprised to see the other
 hang his trousers on the knobs of the  
chest of drawers and run across the room

 and try to jump into them1 and he tried
 over and over again1 and couldn't      
manage it2 and the gentleman wondered   
whatever he was doing it for4 ,at last  
he stopped and wiped his face with his  
handkerchief4 ,oh1 dear1 he says1 ,i do 
think trousers are the most awkwardest  
kind of clothes that ever were4 ,i can't
 think who could have invented such     
things4 ,it takes me the best part of an
 hour to get into mine every morning1   
and ,i get so hot6 ,how do you manage   
yours8 ,so the gentleman burst out      
a-laughing1 and showed him how to put   
them on2 and he was very much obliged to
 him1 and said he never should have     
thought of doing it that way4  ,so that 
was another big silly4  ,then the       
gentleman went on his travels again2 and
 he came to a village1 and outside the  
village there was a pond1 and round the 
pond was a crowd of people4 ,and they   
had got rakes1 and brooms1 and          
pitchforks1 reaching into the pond2 and 
the gentleman asked what was the matter4

  ,why1 they said1 matter enough6       
,moon's tumbled into the pond1 and we   
can't rake her out anyhow6  ,so the     
gentleman burst out a-laughing1 and told
 them to look up into the sky1 and that 
it was only the shadow in the water4    
,but they wouldn't listen to him1 and   
abused him shamefully1 and he got away  
as quick as he could4  ,so there was a  
whole lot of sillies bigger than the    
three sillies at home4 ,so the gentleman
 turned back home again and married the 
farmer's daughter1 and if they didn't   
live happy for ever after1 that's       
nothing to do with you or me4    #aee   
,there seemed to be a feeling common    
among the         folk that             
simple-minded persons were in the       
special care of ,providence4 ,hence1    
sometimes         the achievement of    
success beyond the power of             
wiser and cleverer individuals4 ,lazy   
,jack         comes from the ,halliwell 
collection4 ,the         humor lies in  
the contrast between what ,jack         

did and what anybody 'with sense' knows 
he         ought to have done4 ,a       
parallel story is the         ,grimms'  
,hans in ,luck4 ,a most striking and    
popular ,americanization of it is ,sara 
,cone         ,bryant's ,the ,story of  
,epaminondas and ,his         ,auntie in
 her ,stories to ,tell to ,children4    
,,lazy ,,jack  ,once upon a time there  
was a boy whose name was ,jack1 and he  
lived with his mother on a dreary       
common4 ,they were very poor1 and the   
old woman got her living by spinning1   
but ,jack was so lazy that he would do  
nothing but bask in the sun in the hot  
weather and sit by the corner of the    
hearth in the winter time4 ,his mother  
could not persuade him to do anything   
for her and was obliged at last to tell 
him that if he did not begin to work for
 his porridge she would turn him out to 
get his living as he could4  ,this      
threat at length roused ,jack1 and he   
went out and hired himself for the day  
to a neighboring farmer for a penny2 but

 as he was coming home1 never having had
 any money in his possession before1 he 
lost it in passing over a brook4 ,you   
stupid boy1 said his mother1 you should 
have put it in your pocket4  ,i'll do so
 another time1 replied ,jack4  ,the next
 day ,jack went out again and hired     
himself to a cowkeeper1 who gave him a  
jar of milk for his day's work4 ,jack   
took the jar and put it into the large  
pocket of his jacket1 spilling it all   
long before he got home4 ,dear me6 said 
the old woman2 you should have carried  
it on your head4  ,i'll do so another   
time1 said ,jack4  ,the following day   
,jack hired himself again to a farmer1  
who agreed to give him a cream cheese   
for his services4 ,in the evening ,jack 
took the cheese and went home with it on
 his head4 ,by the time he got home the 
cheese was completely spoilt1 part of it
 being lost and part matted with his    
hair4 ,you stupid lout1 said his mother1
 you should have carried it very        
carefully in your hands4  ,i'll do so   

another time1 replied ,jack4  ,the day  
after this ,jack again went out and     
hired himself to a baker1 who would give
 him nothing for his work but a large   
tomcat4 ,jack took the cat and began    
carrying it very carefully in his hands1
 but in a short time pussy scratched him
 so much that he was compelled to let it
 go4 ,when he got home1 his mother said 
to him3 ,you silly fellow1 you should   
have tied it with a string and dragged  
it along after you4  ,i'll do so another
 time1 said ,jack4  ,the next day ,jack 
hired himself to a butcher1 who rewarded
 his labors by the handsome present of a
 shoulder of mutton4 ,jack took the     
mutton1 tied it to a string1 and trailed
 it along after him in the dirt1 so that
 by the time he had got home the meat   
was completely spoilt4 ,his mother was  
this time quite out of patience with    
him1 for the next day was ,sunday1 and  
she was obliged to content herself with 
cabbage for her dinner4 ,you            
ninney-hammer1 said she to her son1 you 

should have carried it on your shoulder4
  ,i'll do so another time1 replied     
,jack4  ,on the ,monday ,jack went once 
more and hired himself to a             
cattle-keeper1 who gave him a donkey for
 his trouble4 ,although ,jack was very  
strong1 he found some difficulty in     
hoisting the donkey on his shoulders1   
but at last he accomplished it and began
 walking slowly home with his prize4    
,now it happened that in the course of  
his journey there lived a rich man with 
his only daughter1 a beautiful girl1 but
 unfortunately deaf and dumb4 ,she had  
never laughed in her life1 and the      
doctors said she would never recover    
till somebody made her laugh4 ,this     
young lady happened to be looking out of
 the window when ,jack was passing with 
the donkey on his shoulders1 the legs   
sticking up in the air1 and the sight   
was so comical and strange that she     
burst out into a great fit of laughter1 
and immediately recovered her speech and
 hearing4 ,her father was overjoyed1 and

 fulfilled his promise by marrying her  
to ,jack1 who was thus made a rich      
gentleman4 ,they lived in a large house1
 and ,jack's mother lived with them in  
great happiness until she died4    #aef 
,the following noodle story is from     
,halliwell as         obtained from oral
 tradition in the west of               
,england4 ,it is a variant of the ,lazy 
,jack         type4   ,,the ,,story ,,of
 ,,mr4 ,,vinegar  ,mr4 and ,mrs4        
,vinegar lived in a vinegar bottle4     
,now1 one day when ,mr4 ,vinegar was    
from home and ,mrs4 ,vinegar1 who was a 
very good housewife1 was busily sweeping
 her house1 an unlucky thump of the     
broom brought the whole house           
clitter-clatter about her ears4 ,in a   
paroxysm of grief she rushed forth to   
meet her husband4 ,on seeing him she    
exclaimed1 ,oh1 ,mr4 ,vinegar1 ,mr4     
,vinegar1 we are ruined1 we are ruined3 
,i have knocked the house down1 and it  
is all to pieces6  ,mr4 ,vinegar then   
said3 ,my dear1 let us see what can be  

done4 ,here is the door2 ,i will take it
 on my back1 and we will go forth to    
seek our fortune4  ,they walked all that
 day and at nightfall entered a thick   
forest4 ,they were both excessively     
tired1 and ,mr4 ,vinegar said3 ,my love1
 ,i will climb up into a tree1 drag up  
the door1 and you shall follow4 ,he     
accordingly did so1 and they both       
stretched their weary limbs on the door1
 and fell fast asleep4  ,in the middle  
of the night ,mr4 ,vinegar was disturbed
 by the sound of voices beneath1 and to 
his inexpressible dismay perceived that 
a party of thieves were met to divide   
their booty4 ,here1 ,jack1 said one1    
here's five pounds for you2 here1 ,bill1
 here's ten pounds for you2 here1 ,bob1 
here's three pounds for you4  ,mr4      
,vinegar could listen no longer2 his    
terror was so intense that he trembled  
most violently and shook down the door  
on their heads4 ,away scampered the     
thieves1 but ,mr4 ,vinegar dared not    
quit his retreat till broad daylight4   

,he then scrambled out of the tree and  
went to lift up the door4 ,what did he  
behold but a number of golden guineas6  
,come down1 ,mrs4 ,vinegar1 he cried2   
come down1 ,i say2 our fortune's made6  
,come down1 ,i say4  ,mrs4 ,vinegar got 
down as fast as she could and saw the   
money with equal delight4 ,now1 my dear1
 said she1 ,i'll tell you what you shall
 do4 ,there is a fair at the neighboring
 town2 you shall take these forty       
guineas and buy a cow4 ,i can make      
butter and cheese1 which you shall sell 
at market1 and we shall then be able to 
live very comfortably4  ,mr4 ,vinegar   
joyfully assents1 takes the money1 and  
goes off to the fair4 ,when he arrived1 
he walked up and down1 and at length saw
 a beautiful red cow4 ,it was an        
excellent milker and perfect in every   
respect4 ,oh1 thought ,mr4 ,vinegar1 if 
,i had but that cow1 ,i should be the   
happiest man alive4 ,so he offers the   
forty guineas for the cow1 and the owner
 declaring that1 as he was a friend1    

he'd oblige him1 the bargain was made4  
,proud of his purchase1 he drove the cow
 backwards and forwards to show it4     
,by-and-by he saw a man playing the     
bagpipes--tweedle-dum1 tweedle-dee4 ,the
 children followed him about1 and he    
appeared to be pocketing money on all   
sides4 ,well1 thought ,mr4 ,vinegar1 if 
,i had but that beautiful instrument1 ,i
 should be the happiest man alive--my   
fortune would be made4 ,so he went up to
 the man4 ,friend1 says he1 what a      
beautiful instrument that is1 and what a
 deal of money you must make4  ,why1    
yes1 said the man1 ,i make a great deal 
of money1 to be sure1 and it is a       
wonderful instrument4  ,oh6 cried ,mr4  
,vinegar1 how ,i should like to possess 
it6  ,well1 said the man1 as you are a  
friend1 ,i don't much mind parting with 
it2 you shall have it for that red cow4 
,done6 said the delighted ,mr4 ,vinegar4
 ,so the beautiful red cow was given for
 the bagpipes4 ,he walked up and down   
with his purchase2 but in vain he       

attempted to play a tune1 and instead of
 pocketing pence1 the boys followed him 
hooting1 laughing1 and pelting4  ,poor  
,mr4 ,vinegar1 his fingers grew very    
cold1 and heartily ashamed and          
mortified1 he was leaving the town1 when
 he met a man with a fine thick pair of 
gloves4 ,oh1 my fingers are so very     
cold1 said ,mr4 ,vinegar to himself4 ,if
 ,i had but those beautiful gloves ,i   
should be the happiest man alive4 ,he   
went up to the man1 and said to him3    
,friend1 you seem to have a capital pair
 of gloves there4  ,yes1 truly1 cried   
the man2 and my hands are as warm as    
possible this cold ,november day4       
,well1 said ,mr4 ,vinegar1 ,i should    
like to have them4  ,what will you give8
 said the man2 as you are a friend1 ,i  
don't much mind letting you have them   
for those bagpipes4  ,done6 cried ,mr4  
,vinegar4 ,he put on the gloves1 and    
felt perfectly happy as he trudged      
homewards4  ,at last he grew very tired1
 when he saw a man coming towards him   

with a good stout stick in his hand4    
,oh1 said ,mr4 ,vinegar1 that ,i but had
 that stick6 ,i should then be the      
happiest man alive4 ,he accosted the    
man3 ,friend6 what a rare good stick you
 have got4  ,yes1 said the man2 ,i have 
used it for many a long mile1 and a good
 friend it has been2 but if you have a  
fancy for it1 as you are a friend1 ,i   
don't mind giving it to you for that    
pair of gloves4 ,mr4 ,vinegar's hands   
were so warm1 and his legs so tired1    
that he gladly exchanged4  ,as he drew  
near to the wood where he had left his  
wife1 he heard a parrot on a tree       
calling out his name3 ,mr4 ,vinegar1 you
 foolish man1 you blockhead1 you        
simpleton2 you went to the fair and laid
 out all your money in buying a cow4    
,not content with that1 you changed it  
for bagpipes1 on which you could not    
play and which were not worth one-tenth 
of the money4 ,you fool1 you--you had no
 sooner got the bagpipes than you       
changed them for the gloves1 which were 

not worth one-quarter of the money2 and 
when you had got the gloves1 you changed
 them for a poor miserable stick2 and   
now for your forty guineas1 cow1        
bagpipes1 and gloves1 you have nothing  
to show but that poor miserable stick1  
which you might have cut in any hedge4  
,on this the bird laughed immoderately1 
and ,mr4 ,vinegar1 falling into a       
violent rage1 threw the stick at its    
head4 ,the stick lodged in the tree1 and
 he returned to his wife without money1 
cow1 bagpipes1 gloves1 or stick1 and she
 instantly gave him such a sound        
cudgelling that she almost broke every  
bone in his skin4    #aeg          ,one 
of the greatest favorites among nursery 
tales is the story of that ,jack who    
showed an         inquiring mind1 a     
great courage and         enterprise1   
and who climbed the ladder of           
fortune when he mounted his bean-stalk4 
,the         traditional versions of    
this story are nearly         all crude 
and unsatisfactory1 as are those of     

many of the ,english tales4 ,joseph     
,jacobs made a         remarkably fine  
literary version in his         ,english
 ,fairy ,tales from memories of his     
,australian childhood4 ,he materially   
shortens         the story by omitting  
the fairy lady1 who1 he                 
suggests1 was put in to prevent the tale
         becoming an encouragement to   
theft4 ,he also         made ,jack's    
character more consistent by making     
him more sympathetic and kind at the    
beginning         and less of a         
ne'er-do-well1 though the         noodle
 element in the selling of the cow could
         not be eliminated4 ,andrew     
,lang1 in his ,green         ,fairy     
,book1 gives an excellent version of the
         story in its most extended     
form4 ,both the         versions        
mentioned introduce1 when the giant     
comes in1 the formula generally         
associated with         ,jack the ,giant
 ,killer3          ,fee-fi-fo-fum1      
,i smell the blood of an ,englishman1   

,be he alive1 or be he dead1            
,i'll grind his bones to make my bread4 
,the version chosen for use here        
contains the         elements of the    
story most familiar to past             
generations and is probably as near the 
commoner oral traditions as it is       
possible to         secure4 ,it is taken
 from ,miss ,mulock's ,the              
,fairy ,book1 a very fine selection of  
tales1         first published in #ahfc1
 and still widely used4         ,miss   
,muloch 7,dinah ,maria ,craik1          
#ahbf-ahhg7 is         best known as the
 author of the popular novel            
,john ,halifax1 ,gentleman4   ,,jack    
,,and ,,the ,,bean-,,stalk  ,in the days
 of ,king ,alfred there lived a poor    
woman1 whose cottage was in a remote    
country village1 many miles from        
,london4 ,she had been a widow some     
years1 and had an only child named      
,jack1 whom she indulged so much that he
 never paid the least attention to      
anything she said1 but was indolent1    

careless1 and extravagant4 ,his follies 
were not owing to a bad disposition1 but
 to his mother's foolish partiality4 ,by
 degrees he spent all that she          
had--scarcely anything remained but a   
cow4  ,one day1 for the first time in   
her life1 she reproached him3 ,cruel1   
cruel boy6 you have at last brought me  
to beggary4 ,i have not money enough to 
purchase even a bit of bread2 nothing   
now remains to sell but my poor cow6 ,i 
am sorry to part with her2 it grieves me
 sadly1 but we cannot starve4  ,for a   
few minutes ,jack felt remorse1 but it  
was soon over1 and he began asking his  
mother to let him sell the cow at the   
next village1 teasing her so much that  
she at last consented4 ,as he was going 
along he met a butcher1 who inquired why
 he was driving the cow from home4 ,jack
 replied that he was going to sell her4 
,the butcher held some curious beans in 
his hat2 they were of various colors1   
and attracted ,jack's attention4 ,this  
did not pass unnoticed by the man1 who1 

knowing ,jack's easy temper1 thought now
 was the time to take an advantage of   
it2 and1 determined not to let slip so  
good an opportunity1 asked what was the 
price of the cow1 offering at the same  
time all the beans in his hat for her4  
,the silly boy could not conceal the    
pleasure he felt at what he supposed so 
great an offer4 ,the bargain was struck 
instantly1 and the cow exchanged for a  
few paltry beans4 ,jack made the best of
 his way home1 calling aloud to his     
mother before he reached the door1      
thinking to surprise her4  ,when she saw
 the beans1 and heard ,jack's account1  
her patience quite forsook her4 ,she    
tossed the beans out of the window1     
where they fell on the garden-bed below4
 ,then she threw her apron over her     
head1 and cried bitterly4 ,jack         
attempted to console her1 but in vain1  
and1 not having anything to eat1 they   
both went supperless to bed4  ,jack     
awoke early in the morning1 and seeing  
something uncommon darkening the window 

of his bed-chamber1 ran down stairs into
 the garden1 where he found some of the 
beans had taken root and sprung up      
surprisingly4 ,the stalks were of an    
immense thickness1 and had twined       
together until they formed a ladder like
 a chain1 and so high that the top      
appeared to be lost in the clouds4      
,jack was an adventurous lad2 he        
determined to climb up to the top1 and  
ran to tell his mother1 not doubting but
 that she would be equally pleased with 
himself4 ,she declared he should not go2
 said it would break her heart if he    
did2 entreated and threatened1 but all  
in vain4 ,jack set out1 and after       
climbing for some hours reached the top 
of the bean-stalk1 quite exhausted4     
,looking around1 he found himself in a  
strange country4 ,it appeared to be a   
barren desert2 not a tree1 shrub1 house1
 or living creature was to be seen2 here
 and there were scattered fragments of  
stone1 and at unequal distances small   
heaps of earth were loosely thrown      

together4  ,jack seated himself         
pensively upon a block of stone and     
thought of his mother4 ,he reflected    
with sorrow upon his disobedience in    
climbing the bean-stalk against her     
will1 and concluded that he must die of 
hunger4 ,however1 he walked on1 hoping  
to see a house where he might beg       
something to eat and drink4 ,he did not 
find it2 but he saw at a distance a     
beautiful lady walking all alone4 ,she  
was elegantly clad1 and carried a white 
wand1 at the top of which sat a peacock 
of pure gold4  ,jack1 who was a gallant 
fellow1 went straight up to her1 when1  
with a bewitching smile1 she asked him  
how he came there4 ,he told her all     
about the bean-stalk4 ,the lady answered
 him by a question1 ,do you remember    
your father1 young man8  ,no1 madam2 but
 ,i am sure there is some mystery about 
him1 for when ,i name him to my mother  
she always begins to weep and will tell 
me nothing4  ,she dare not1 replied the 
lady1 but ,i can and will4 ,for know1   

young man1 that ,i am a fairy1 and was  
your father's guardian4 ,but fairies are
 bound by laws as well as mortals2 and  
by an error of mine ,i lost my power for
 a term of years1 so that ,i was unable 
to succor your father when he most      
needed it1 and he died4 ,here the fairy 
looked so sorrowful that ,jack's heart  
warmed to her1 and he begged her        
earnestly to tell him more4  ,i will2   
only you must promise to obey me in     
everything1 or you will perish yourself4
  ,jack was brave1 and1 besides1 his    
fortunes were so bad they could not well
 be worse1--so he promised4  ,the fairy 
continued3 ,your father1 ,jack1 was a   
most excellent1 amiable1 generous man4  
,he had a good wife1 faithful servants1 
plenty of money2 but he had one         
misfortune--a false friend4 ,this was a 
giant1 whom he had succored in          
misfortune1 and who returned his        
kindness by murdering him and seizing on
 all his property2 also making your     
mother take a solemn oath that she would

 never tell you anything about your     
father1 or he would murder both her and 
you4 ,then he turned her off with you in
 her arms1 to wander about the wide     
world as she might4 ,i could not help   
her1 as my power only returned on the   
day you went to sell your cow4  ,it was 
,i1 added the fairy1 who impelled you to
 take the beans1 who made the bean-stalk
 grow1 and inspired you with the desire 
to climb up it to this strange country2 
for it is here the wicked giant lives   
who was your father's destroyer4 ,it is 
you who must avenge him1 and rid the    
world of a monster who never will do    
anything but evil4 ,i will assist you4  
,you may lawfully take possession of his
 house and all his riches1 for          
everything he has belonged to your      
father1 and is therefore yours4 ,now1   
farewell6 ,do not let your mother know  
you are acquainted with your father's   
history2 this is my command1 and if you 
disobey me you will suffer for it4 ,now 
go4  ,jack asked where he was to go4    

,along the direct road1 till you see the
 house where the giant lives4 ,you must 
then act according to your own just     
judgment1 and ,i will guide you if any  
difficulty arises4 ,farewell6  ,she     
bestowed on the youth a benignant smile1
 and vanished4  ,jack pursued his       
journey4 ,he walked on till after       
sunset1 when1 to his great joy1 he      
espied a large mansion4 ,a plain-looking
 woman was at the door4 ,he accosted    
her1 begging she would give him a morsel
 of bread and a night's lodging4 ,she   
expressed the greatest surprise1 and    
said it was quite uncommon to see a     
human being near their house2 for it was
 well known that her husband was a      
powerful giant1 who would never eat     
anything but human flesh1 if he could   
possibly get it2 that he would walk     
fifty miles to procure it1 usually being
 out the whole day for that purpose4    
,this account greatly terrified ,jack1  
but still he hoped to elude the giant1  
and therefore he again entreated the    

woman to take him in for one night only1
 and hide him where she thought proper4 
,she at last suffered herself to be     
persuaded1 for she was of a             
compassionate and generous disposition1 
and took him into the house4 ,first1    
they entered a fine large hall1         
magnificently furnished2 they then      
passed through several spacious rooms1  
in the same style of grandeur2 but all  
appeared forsaken and desolate4 ,a long 
gallery came next1 it was very dark1    
just light enough to show that instead  
of a wall on one side1 there was a      
grating of iron which parted off a      
dismal dungeon1 from whence issued the  
groans of those victims whom the cruel  
giant reserved in confinement for his   
own voracious appetite4  ,poor ,jack was
 half dead with fear1 and would have    
given the world to have been with his   
mother again1 for he now began to doubt 
if he should ever see her more2 he even 
mistrusted the good woman1 and thought  
she had let him into the house for no   

other purpose than to lock him up among 
the unfortunate people in the dungeon4  
,however1 she bade ,jack sit down1 and  
gave him plenty to eat and drink2 and   
he1 not seeing anything to make him     
uncomfortable1 soon forgot his fear1 and
 was just beginning to enjoy himself1   
when he was startled by a loud knocking 
at the outer door1 which made the whole 
house shake4  ,ah6 that's the giant2 and
 if he sees you he will kill you and me 
too1 cried the poor woman1 trembling all
 over4 ,what shall ,i do8  ,hide me in  
the oven1 cried ,jack1 now as bold as a 
lion at the thought of being face to    
face with his father's cruel murderer4  
,so he crept into the oven--for there   
was no fire near it--and listened to the
 giant's loud voice and heavy step as he
 went up and down the kitchen scolding  
his wife4 ,at last he seated himself at 
the table1 and ,jack1 peeping through a 
crevice in the oven1 was amazed to see  
what a quantity of food he devoured4 ,it
 seemed as if he never would have done  

eating and drinking2 but he did at last1
 and1 leaning back1 called to his wife  
in a voice like thunder3  ,bring me my  
hen6  ,she obeyed1 and placed upon the  
table a very beautiful live hen4  ,lay6 
roared the giant1 and the hen laid      
immediately an egg of solid gold4  ,lay 
another6 and every time the giant said  
this the hen laid a larger egg than     
before4  ,he amused himself a long time 
with his hen1 and then sent his wife to 
bed1 while he fell asleep by the        
fireside1 and snored like the roaring of
 cannon4  ,as soon as he was asleep     
,jack crept out of the oven1 seized the 
hen1 and ran off with her4 ,he got      
safely out of the house1 and finding his
 way along the road he had come1 reached
 the top of the bean-stalk1 which he    
descended in safety4  ,his mother was   
overjoyed to see him4 ,she thought he   
had come to some ill end4  ,not a bit of
 it1 mother4 ,look here6 and he showed  
her the hen4 ,now lay6 and the hen      
obeyed him as readily as the giant1 and 

laid as many golden eggs as he desired4 
,these eggs being sold1 ,jack and his   
mother got plenty of money1 and for some
 months lived very happily together2    
till ,jack got another great longing to 
climb the bean-stalk and carry away some
 more of the giant's riches4 ,he had    
told his mother of his adventure1 but   
had been very careful not to say a word 
about his father4 ,he thought of his    
journey again and again1 but still he   
could not summon resolution enough to   
break it to his mother1 being well      
assured that she would endeavor to      
prevent his going4 ,however1 one day he 
told her boldly that he must take       
another journey up the bean-stalk4 ,she 
begged and prayed him not to think of   
it1 and tried all in her power to       
dissuade him4 ,she told him that the    
giant's wife would certainly know him   
again1 and that the giant would desire  
nothing better than to get him into his 
power1 that he might put him to a cruel 
death in order to be revenged for the   

loss of his hen4 ,jack1 finding that all
 his arguments were useless1 ceased     
speaking1 though resolved to go at all  
events4 ,he had a dress prepared which  
would disguise him1 and something to    
color his skin4 ,he thought it          
impossible for any one to recollect him 
in this dress4  ,a few mornings after1  
he rose very early1 and1 unperceived by 
any one1 climbed the bean-stalk a second
 time4 ,he was greatly fatigued when he 
reached the top1 and very hungry4       
,having rested some time on one of the  
stones1 he pursued his journey to the   
giant's mansion1 which he reached late  
in the evening4 ,the woman was at the   
door as before4 ,jack addressed her1 at 
the same time telling her a pitiful     
tale1 and requesting that she would give
 him some victuals and drink1 and also a
 night's lodging4  ,she told him 7what  
he knew before very well7 about her     
husband's being a powerful and cruel    
giant1 and also that she had one night  
admitted a poor1 hungry1 friendless boy2

 that the little ungrateful fellow had  
stolen one of the giant's treasures2 and
 ever since that her husband had been   
worse than before1 using her very       
cruelly1 and continually upbraiding her 
with being the cause of his misfortune4 
,jack felt sorry for her1 but confessed 
nothing1 and did his best to persuade   
her to admit him1 but found it a very   
hard task4 ,at last she consented1 and  
as she led the way1 ,jack observed that 
everything was just as he had found it  
before4 ,she took him into the kitchen1 
and after he had done eating and        
drinking1 she hid him in an old         
lumber-closet4  ,the giant returned at  
the usual time1 and walked in so heavily
 that the house was shaken to its       
foundation4 ,he seated himself by the   
fire1 and soon after exclaimed1 ,wife1  
,i smell fresh meat6  ,the wife replied 
it was the crows1 which had brought a   
piece of raw meat and left it at the top
 of the house4 ,while supper was        
preparing1 the giant was very           

ill-tempered and impatient1 frequently  
lifting up his hand to strike his wife  
for not being quick enough4 ,he was also
 continually upbraiding her with the    
loss of his wonderful hen4  ,at last1   
having ended his supper1 he cried1 ,give
 me something to amuse me--my harp or my
 money-bags4  ,which will you have1 my  
dear8 said the wife humbly4  ,my        
money-bags1 because they are the        
heaviest to carry1 thundered he4  ,she  
brought them1 staggering under the      
weight2 two bags--one filled with new   
guineas1 and the other with new         
shillings4 ,she emptied them out on the 
table1 and the giant began counting them
 in great glee4 ,now you may go to bed1 
you old fool4 ,so the wife crept away4  
,jack from his hiding-place watched the 
counting of the money1 which he knew was
 his poor father's1 and wished it was   
his own2 it would give him much less    
trouble than going about selling the    
golden eggs4 ,the giant1 little thinking
 he was so narrowly observed1 reckoned  

it all up1 and then replaced it in the  
two bags1 which he tied up very         
carefully and put beside his chair1 with
 his little dog to guard them4 ,at last 
he fell asleep as before1 and snored so 
loud that ,jack compared his noise to   
the roaring of the sea in a high wind   
when the tide is coming in4  ,at last   
,jack1 concluding all secure1 stole out1
 in order to carry off the two bags of  
money2 but just as he laid his hands    
upon one of them1 the little dog1 which 
he had not seen before1 started from    
under the giant's chair and barked most 
furiously4 ,instead of endeavoring to   
escape1 ,jack stood still1 though       
expecting his enemy to awake every      
instant4 ,contrary1 however1 to his     
expectation1 the giant continued in a   
sound sleep1 and ,jack1 seeing a piece  
of meat1 threw it to the dog1 who at    
once ceased barking and began to devour 
it4 ,so ,jack carried off the bags1 one 
on each shoulder1 but they were so heavy
 that it took him two whole days to     

descend the bean-stalk and get back to  
his mother's door4  ,when he came he    
found the cottage deserted4 ,he ran from
 one room to another1 without being able
 to find any one4 ,he then hastened into
 the village1 hoping to see some of the 
neighbors who could inform him where he 
could find his mother4 ,an old woman at 
last directed him to a neighboring      
house1 where she was ill of a fever4 ,he
 was greatly shocked at finding her     
apparently dying1 and blamed himself    
bitterly as the cause of it all4        
,however1 at sight of her dear son1 the 
poor woman revived1 and slowly recovered
 health4 ,jack gave her his two         
money-bags4 ,they had the cottage       
rebuilt and well furnished1 and lived   
happier than they had ever done before4 
,for three years ,jack heard no more of 
the bean-stalk1 but he could not forget 
it1 though he feared making his mother  
unhappy4 ,it was in vain endeavoring to 
amuse himself2 he became thoughtful1 and
 would arise at the first dawn of day1  

and sit looking at the bean-stalk for   
hours together4  ,his mother saw that   
something preyed upon his mind1 and     
endeavored to discover the cause2 but   
,jack knew too well what the consequence
 would be should she succeed4 ,he did   
his utmost1 therefore1 to conquer the   
great desire he had for another journey 
up the bean-stalk4 ,finding1 however1   
that his inclination grew too powerful  
for him1 he began to make secret        
preparations for his journey4 ,he got   
ready a new disguise1 better and more   
complete than the former2 and when      
summer came1 on the longest day he woke 
as soon as it was light1 and1 without   
telling his mother1 ascended the        
bean-stalk4 ,he found1 the road1        
journey1 etc41 much as it was on the two
 former times4 ,he arrived at the       
giant's mansion in the evening1 and     
found the wife standing1 as usual1 at   
the door4 ,jack had disguised himself so
 completely that she did not appear to  
have the least recollection of him2     

however1 when he pleaded hunger and     
poverty in order to gain admittance1 he 
found it very difficult indeed to       
persuade her4 ,at last he prevailed1 and
 was concealed in the copper4  ,when the
 giant returned1 he said furiously1 ,i  
smell fresh meat6 ,but ,jack felt quite 
composed1 as he had said so before and  
had been soon satisfied4 ,however1 the  
giant started up suddenly1 and1         
notwithstanding all his wife could say1 
he searched all round the room4 ,whilst 
this was going forward1 ,jack was       
exceedingly terrified1 wishing himself  
at home a thousand times2 but when the  
giant approached the copper1 and put his
 hand on the lid1 ,jack thought his     
death was certain4 ,however1 nothing    
happened2 for the giant did not take the
 trouble to lift up the lid1 but sat    
down shortly by the fireside and began  
to eat his enormous supper4 ,when he had
 finished1 he commanded his wife to     
fetch down his harp4  ,jack peeped under
 the copper lid and saw a most beautiful

 harp4 ,the giant placed it on the      
table1 said1 ,play6 and it played of its
 own accord1 without anybody touching   
it1 the most exquisite music imaginable4
  ,jack1 who was a very good musician1  
was delighted1 and more anxious to get  
this than any other of his enemy's      
treasures4 ,but the giant not being     
particularly fond of music1 the harp had
 only the effect of lulling him to sleep
 earlier than usual4 ,as for the wife1  
she had gone to bed as soon as ever she 
could4  ,as soon as he thought all was  
safe1 ,jack got out of the copper1 and1 
seizing the harp1 was eagerly running   
off with it4 ,but the harp was enchanted
 by a fairy1 and as soon as it found    
itself in strange hands1 it called out  
loudly1 just as if it had been alive1   
,master6 ,master6  ,the giant awoke1    
started up1 and saw ,jack scampering    
away as fast as his legs could carry    
him4  ,oh1 you villain6 ,it is you who  
have robbed me of my hen and my         
money-bags1 and now you are stealing my 

harp also4 ,wait till ,i catch you1 and 
,i'll eat you up alive6  ,very well2    
try6 shouted ,jack1 who was not a bit   
afraid1 for he saw the giant was so     
tipsy he could hardly stand1 much less  
run2 and he himself had young legs and a
 clear conscience1 which carry a man a  
long way4 ,so1 after leading the giant a
 considerable race1 he contrived to be  
first at the top of the bean-stalk1 and 
then scrambled down it as fast as he    
could1 the harp playing all the while   
the most melancholy music1 till he said1
 ,stop2 and it stopped4  ,arrived at the
 bottom1 he found his mother sitting at 
her cottage door1 weeping silently4     
,here1 mother1 don't cry2 just give me a
 hatchet2 make haste4 ,for he knew there
 was not a moment to spare4 ,he saw the 
giant beginning to descend the          
bean-stalk4  ,however1 it was too       
late--the monster's ill deeds had come  
to an end4 ,jack with his hatchet cut   
the bean-stalk close off at the root2   
the giant fell headlong into the garden1

 and was killed on the spot4  ,instantly
 the fairy appeared and explained       
everything to ,jack's mother1 begging   
her to forgive ,jack1 who was his       
father's own son for bravery and        
generosity1 and who would be sure to    
make her happy for the rest of her days4
  ,so all ended well1 and nothing was   
ever more heard or seen of the wonderful
 bean-stalk4    #aeh          ,those    
wonder stories that concern themselves  
with giants or with very little people  
have         always been favorites with 
children4 ,of the         little heroes 
,tom ,thumb has always held the         
center of the stage4 ,his adventures in 
one form         or another are in the  
folk tales of most         ,european    
countries4 ,he has the honor of being   
the subject of a monograph by the great 
,french         scholar ,gaston ,paris4 
,hans ,christian ,andersen              
turned him into a delightful little girl
 in his         derivative story of     
,thumbelina4 ,the ,english              

version of ,tom ,thumb seems to have    
been         printed first in ballad    
form in the seventeenth         century1
 and later in many chapbook versions in 
prose4 ,its plot takes the form of a    
succession         of marvelous         
accidents by land and sea1 limited      
only by the inventive ingenuity of the  
story-teller4 ,according to popular     
tradition         ,tom ,thumb died at   
,lincoln4 4 4 4 ,there was a            
little blue flagstone in the pavement of
 the         ,minster which was shown as
 ,tom ,thumb's         monument1 and the
 country folks never failed to          
marvel at it when they came to church on
 the         ,assize ,sunday2 but during
 some of the modern         repairs     
which have been inflicted on that       
venerable building1 the flagstone was   
displaced         and lost1 to the great
 discomfiture of the         holiday    
visitants4 ,thus wrote an ancient and   
learned scholar in illustration of the  
tendency         to give a local        

habitation and a name to our            
favorite fancies4 ,the version of the   
story         given by ,miss ,mulock in 
her ,fairy ,book is the         one used
 here4 ,it follows closely the rambling 
events of the various chapbook and      
ballad         versions4   ,,tom ,,thumb
  ,in the days of ,king ,arthur1        
,merlin1 the most learned enchanter of  
his time1 was on a journey2 and being   
very weary1 stopped one day at the      
cottage of an honest ploughman to ask   
for refreshment4 ,the ploughman's wife  
with great civility immediately brought 
him some milk in a wooden bowl and some 
brown bread on a wooden platter4        
,merlin could not help observing that   
although everything within the cottage  
was particularly neat and clean and in  
good order1 the ploughman and his wife  
had the most sorrowful air imaginable2  
so he questioned them on the cause of   
their melancholy and learned that they  
were very miserable because they had no 
children4  ,the poor woman declared with

 tears in her eyes that she should be   
the happiest creature in the world if   
she had a son1 although he were no      
bigger than his father's thumb4  ,merlin
 was much amused with the notion of a   
boy no bigger than a man's thumb1 and as
 soon as he returned home he sent for   
the queen of the fairies 7with whom he  
was very intimate7 and related to her   
the desire of the ploughman and his wife
 to have a son the size of his father's 
thumb4 ,she liked the plan exceedingly  
and declared their wish should be       
speedily granted4 ,accordingly the      
ploughman's wife had a son1 who in a few
 minutes grew as tall as his father's   
thumb4  ,the queen of the fairies came  
in at the window as the mother was      
sitting up in bed admiring the child4   
,her majesty kissed the infant and1     
giving it the name of ,tom ,thumb1      
immediately summoned several fairies    
from ,fairyland to clothe her new little
 favorite4          ,an oak-leaf hat he 
had for his crown2         ,his shirt it

 was by spiders spun2         ,with     
doublet wove of thistledown1            
,his trousers up with points were done2 
,his stockings1 of apple-rind1 they tie 
,with eye-lash plucked from his mother's
 eye1         ,his shoes were made of a 
mouse's skin1         ,nicely tann'd    
with hair within4  ,tom was never any   
bigger than his father's thumb1 which   
was not a large thumb either2 but as he 
grew older he became very cunning1 for  
which his mother did not sufficiently   
correct him1 and by this ill quality he 
was often brought into difficulties4    
,for instance1 when he had learned to   
play with other boys for cherry-stones  
and had lost all his own1 he used to    
creep into the boys' bags1 fill his     
pockets1 and come out again to play4    
,but one day as he was getting out of a 
bag of cherry-stones1 the boy to whom it
 belonged chanced to see him4  ,ah1 ha1 
my little ,tom ,thumb6 said he1 have ,i 
caught you at your bad tricks at last8  
,now ,i will reward you for thieving4   

,then he drew the string tight around   
,tom's neck and shook the bag4 ,the     
cherry-stones bruised ,tom ,thumb's     
legs1 thighs1 and body sadly1 which made
 him beg to be let out and promise never
 to be guilty of such things any more4  
,shortly afterwards ,tom's mother was   
making a batter-pudding1 and that he    
might see how she mixed it1 he climbed  
on the edge of the bowl2 but his foot   
happening to slip1 he fell over head and
 ears into the batter4 ,his mother not  
observing him1 stirred him into the     
pudding and popped him into the pot to  
boil4 ,the hot water made ,tom kick and 
struggle2 and the mother1 seeing the    
pudding jump up and down in such a      
furious manner1 thought it was          
bewitched2 and a tinker coming by just  
at the time1 she quickly gave him the   
pudding4 ,he put it into his budget and 
walked on4  ,as soon as ,tom could get  
the batter out of his mouth he began to 
cry aloud1 and so frightened the poor   
tinker that he flung the pudding over   

the hedge and ran away from it as fast  
as he could4 ,the pudding being broken  
to pieces by the fall1 ,tom was         
released1 and walked home to his mother1
 who gave him a kiss and put him to bed4
  ,tom ,thumb's mother once took him    
with her when she went to milk the cow2 
and it being a very windy day1 she tied 
him with a needleful of thread to a     
thistle1 that he might not be blown     
away4 ,the cow1 liking his oak-leaf hat1
 took him and the thistle up at one     
mouthful4 ,while the cow chewed the     
thistle1 ,tom1 terrified at her great   
teeth1 which seemed ready to crush him  
to pieces1 roared1 ,mother1 mother6 as  
loud as he could bawl4  ,where are you1 
,tommy1 my dear ,tommy8 said the mother4
  ,here1 mother1 here in the red cow's  
mouth4  ,the mother began to cry and    
wring her hands2 but the cow1 surprised 
at such odd noises in her throat1 opened
 her mouth and let him drop out4 ,his   
mother clapped him into her apron and   
ran home with him4  ,tom's father made  

him a whip of a barley straw to drive   
the cattle with1 and one day when he was
 in the field he slipped into a deep    
furrow4 ,a raven flying over picked him 
up with a grain of corn and flew with   
him to the top of a giant's castle by   
the seaside1 where he left him2 and old 
,grumbo1 the giant1 coming soon after to
 walk upon his terrace1 swallowed ,tom  
like a pill1 clothes and all4  ,tom     
presently made the giant very           
uncomfortable1 and he threw him up into 
the sea4 ,a great fish then swallowed   
him4 ,the fish was soon after caught1   
and sent as a present to ,king ,arthur4 
,when it was cut open1 everybody was    
delighted with little ,tom ,thumb4 ,the 
king made him his dwarf2 he was the     
favorite of the whole court1 and by his 
merry pranks often amused the queen and 
the knights of the ,round ,table4  ,the 
king1 when he rode on horse-back1       
frequently took ,tom in his hand2 and if
 a shower of rain came on1 he used to   
creep into the king's waist-coat pocket 

and sleep till the rain was over4 ,the  
king also sometimes questioned ,tom     
concerning his parents2 and when ,tom   
informed his majesty they were very poor
 people1 the king led him into his      
treasury and told him he should pay his 
friends a visit and take with him as    
much money as he could carry4 ,tom      
procured a little purse1 and putting a  
threepenny piece into it1 with much     
labor and difficulty got it upon his    
back2 and1 after travelling two days and
 nights1 arrived at his father's house4 
,when his mother met him at the door1 he
 was almost tired to death1 having in   
forty-eight hours traveled almost half a
 mile with a huge silver threepence upon
 his back4 ,both his parents were glad  
to see him1 especially when he had      
brought such an amazing sum of money    
with him4 ,they placed him in a         
walnut-shell by the fireside and feasted
 him for three days upon a hazel-nut1   
which made him sick1 for a whole nut    
usually served him for a month4  ,tom   

got well1 but could not travel because  
it had rained2 therefore his mother took
 him in her hand1 and with one puff blew
 him into ,king ,arthur's court1 where  
,tom entertained the king1 queen1 and   
nobility at tilts and tournaments1 at   
which he exerted himself so much that he
 brought on a fit of sickness1 and his  
life was despaired of4  ,at this        
juncture the queen of the fairies came  
in a chariot1 drawn by flying mice1     
placed ,tom by her side1 and drove      
through the air without stopping till   
they arrived at her palace4 ,after      
restoring him to health and permitting  
him to enjoy all the gay diversions of  
,fairyland1 she commanded a fair wind1  
and1 placing ,tom before it1 blew him   
straight to the court of ,king ,arthur4 
,but just as ,tom should have alighted  
in the courtyard of the palace1 the cook
 happened to pass along with the king's 
great bowl of furmenty 7,king ,arthur   
loved furmenty71 and poor ,tom ,thumb   
fell plump into the middle of it and    

splashed the hot furmenty into the      
cook's eyes4 ,down went the bowl4  ,oh1 
dear6 ,oh1 dear6 cried ,tom4  ,murder6  
murder6 bellowed the cook2 and away     
poured the king's nice furmenty into the
 kennel4  ,the cook was a red-faced1    
cross fellow1 and swore to the king that
 ,tom had done it out of mere mischief2 
so he was taken up1 tried1 and sentenced
 to be beheaded4 ,tom hearing this      
dreadful sentence and seeing a miller   
stand by with his mouth wide open1 he   
took a good spring and jumped down the  
miller's throat1 unperceived by all1    
even the miller himself4  ,tom being    
lost1 the court broke up1 and away went 
the miller to his mill4 ,but ,tom did   
not leave him long at rest2 he began to 
roll and tumble about1 so that the      
miller thought himself bewitched and    
sent for a doctor4 ,when the doctor     
came1 ,tom began to dance and sing4 ,the
 doctor was as much frightened as the   
miller and sent in great haste for five 
more doctors and twenty learned men4    

,while all these were debating upon the 
affair1 the miller 7for they were very  
tedious7 happened to yawn1 and ,tom1    
taking the opportunity1 made another    
jump and alighted on his feet in the    
middle of the table4 ,the miller1       
provoked to be thus tormented by such a 
little creature1 fell into a great      
passion1 caught hold of ,tom1 and threw 
him out of the window into the river4 ,a
 large salmon swimming by snapped him up
 in a minute4 ,the salmon was soon      
caught and sold in the market to a      
steward of a lord4 ,the lord1 thinking  
it an uncommonly fine fish1 made a      
present of it to the king1 who ordered  
it to be dressed immediately4 ,when the 
cook cut open the salmon he found poor  
,tom and ran with him directly to the   
king2 but the king1 being busy with     
state affairs1 desired that he might be 
brought another day4  ,the cook1        
resolving to keep him safely this time1 
as he had so lately given him the slip1 
clapped him into a mouse-trap and left  

him to amuse himself by peeping through 
the wires for a whole week4 ,when the   
king sent for him1 he forgave him for   
throwing down the furmenty1 ordered him 
new clothes1 and knighted him4          
,his shirt was made of butterflies'     
wings2         ,his boots were made of  
chicken skins1         ,his coat and    
breeches were made with pride1          
,a tailor's needle hung by his side2    
,a mouse for a horse he used to ride4   
,thus dressed and mounted1 he rode      
a-hunting with the king and nobility1   
who all laughed heartily at ,tom and his
 prancing steed4 ,as they rode by a     
farm-house one day1 a cat jumped from   
behind the door1 seized the mouse and   
little ,tom1 and began to devour the    
mouse2 however1 ,tom boldly drew his    
sword and attacked the cat1 who then let
 him fall4 ,the king and his nobles1    
seeing ,tom falling1 went to his        
assistance1 and one of the lords caught 
him in his hat2 but poor ,tom was sadly 
scratched1 and his clothes were torn by 

the claws of the cat4 ,in this condition
 he was carried home1 and a bed of down 
was made for him in a little ivory      
cabinet4  ,the queen of the fairies came
 and took him again to ,fairyland1 where
 she kept him for some years2 and then1 
dressing him in bright green1 sent him  
flying once more through the air to the 
earth1 in the days of ,king ,thunstone4 
,the people flocked far and near to look
 at him2 and the king1 before whom he   
was carried1 asked him who he was1      
whence he came1 and where he lived8 ,tom
 answered3          ,my name is ,tom    
,thumb2         ,from the fairies ,i    
come2         ,when ,king ,arthur shone1
         ,this court was my home2       
,in me he delighted2         ,by him ,i 
was knighted4           ,did you ever   
hear of           ,sir ,thomas ,thumb8  
,the king was so charmed with this      
address that he ordered a little chair  
to be made1 in order that ,tom might sit
 on his table1 and also a palace of gold
 a span high with a door an inch wide1  

for little ,tom to live in4 ,he also    
gave him a coach drawn by six small     
mice4 ,this made the queen angry1       
because she had not a new coach too2    
therefore1 resolving to ruin ,tom1 she  
complained to the king that he had      
behaved very insolently to her4 ,the    
king sent for him in a rage4 ,tom1 to   
escape his fury1 crept into an empty    
snail-shell and there lay till he was   
almost starved2 then1 peeping out of the
 hole1 he saw a fine butterfly settle on
 the ground4 ,he then ventured out1 and 
getting astride1 the butterfly took wing
 and mounted into the air with little   
,tom on his back4 ,away he flew from    
field to field1 from tree to tree1 till 
at last he flew to the king's court4    
,the king1 queen1 and nobles all strove 
to catch the butterfly1 but could not4  
,at length poor ,tom1 having neither    
bridle nor saddle1 slipped from his seat
 and fell into a watering-pot1 where he 
was found almost drowned4  ,the queen   
vowed he should be guillotined2 but     

while the guillotine was getting ready1 
he was secured once more in a mousetrap4
 ,the cat1 seeing something stir and    
supposing it to be a mouse1 patted the  
trap about till she broke it and set    
,tom at liberty4  ,soon afterwards a    
spider1 taking him for a fly1 made at   
him4 ,tom drew his sword and fought     
valiantly1 but the spider's poisonous   
breath overcame him3          ,he fell  
dead on the ground where late he had    
stood1         ,and the spider suck'd up
 the last drop of his blood4  ,king     
,thunstone and his whole court went into
 mourning for little ,tom ,thumb4 ,they 
buried him under a rosebush and raised a
 nice white marble monument over his    
grave1 with the following epitaph3      
,here lies ,tom ,thumb1 ,king ,arthur's 
knight1         ,who died by a spider's 
cruel bite4         ,he was well known  
in ,arthur's court1         ,where he   
afforded gallant sport2         ,he rode
 at tilt and tournament1         ,and on
 a mouse a-hunting went4         ,alive 

he fill'd the court with mirth1         
,his death to sorrow soon gave birth4   
,wipe1 wipe your eyes1 and shake your   
head1         ,and cry1 ',alas6 ,tom    
,thumb is dead4'    #aei          ,this 
chapbook form of the famous ,whittington
         and ,his ,cat is the one       
reprinted by ,hartland         in his   
,english ,fairy and ,folk ,tales4 ,it   
goes         back to the early          
eighteenth century4 ,sir                
,richard ,whittington1 at least1 was a  
historical         character and served 
his first term as ,lord         ,mayor  
of ,london in #acig4 ,like most popular 
stories1 this one of a fortune due to a 
cat is         common to all ,europe4   
,mr4 ,clouston1 in the         second   
volume of his ,popular ,tales and       
,fictions1 outlines a number of these   
stories1         and even points out a  
,persian parallel of an         earlier 
date than the birth of ,sir ,richard4   
,just how this very prosperous business 
man of         ,london1 who was never in

 reality a poor boy1         came to be 
adopted as the hero of the ,english     
version of this romantic tale has never 
been         made clear4 ,probably it   
was due to the common         tendency  
of the folk in all lands to attribute   
unusual success in any field to other   
than         ordinary causes4 ,however  
that may be1 it is         certainly    
true that no story more completely      
satisfies the ideal of complete success 
for         children than this ,history 
of ,sir ,richard         ,whittington4  
,mr4 ,jacobs calls attention to the     
interesting fact that the chapbook      
places the         introduction of the  
potato into ,england rather         far 
back6   ,,whittington ,,and ,,his ,,cat 
,in the reign of the famous ,king       
,edward ,,iii1 there was a little boy   
called ,dick ,whittington1 whose father 
and mother died when he was very young1 
so that he remembered nothing at all    
about them and was left a ragged little 
fellow1 running about a country village4

 ,as poor ,dick was not old enough to   
work1 he was very badly off2 he got but 
little for his dinner and sometimes     
nothing at all for his breakfast1 for   
the people who lived in the village were
 very poor indeed and could not spare   
him much more than the parings of       
potatoes and now and then a hard crust  
of bread4  ,for all this1 ,dick         
,whittington was a very sharp boy and   
was always listening to what everybody  
talked about4 ,on ,sunday he was sure to
 get near the farmers as they sat       
talking on the tombstones in the        
churchyard before the parson was come2  
and once a week you might see little    
,dick leaning against the sign post of  
the village alehouse1 where people      
stopped to drink as they came from the  
next market town2 and when the barber's 
shop door was open1 ,dick listened to   
all the news that his customers told one
 another4  ,in this manner ,dick heard a
 great many very strange things about   
the city called ,london2 for the foolish

 country people at that time thought    
that folks in ,london were all fine     
gentlemen and ladies1 and that there was
 singing and music there all day long1  
and that the streets were all paved with
 gold4  ,one day a large wagon and eight
 horses1 all with bells at their heads1 
drove through the village while ,dick   
was standing by the signpost4 ,he       
thought that this wagon must be going to
 the fine town of ,london2 so he took   
courage and asked the wagoner to let him
 walk with him by the side of the wagon4
 ,as soon as the wagoner heard that poor
 ,dick had no father or mother and saw  
by his ragged clothes that he could not 
be worse off than he was1 he told him he
 might go if he would1 so they set off  
together4  ,i could never find out how  
little ,dick contrived to get meat and  
drink on the road1 nor how he could walk
 so far1 for it was a long way1 nor what
 he did at night for a place to lie down
 to sleep in4 ,perhaps some good-natured
 people in the towns that he passed     

through1 when they saw he was a poor    
little ragged boy1 gave him something to
 eat2 and perhaps the wagoner let him   
get into the wagon at night and take a  
nap upon one of the boxes or large      
parcels in the wagon4  ,dick1 however1  
got safe to ,london and was in such a   
hurry to see the fine streets paved all 
over with gold that ,i am afraid he did 
not even stay to thank the kind wagoner1
 but ran off as fast as his legs would  
carry him through many of the streets1  
thinking every moment to come to those  
that were paved with gold1 for ,dick had
 seen a guinea three times in his own   
little village and remembered what a    
deal of money it brought in change2 so  
he thought he had nothing to do but to  
take up some little bits of the pavement
 and should then have as much money as  
he could wish for4  ,poor ,dick ran till
 he was tired and had quite forgotten   
his friend the wagoner2 but at last1    
finding it grow dark and that every way 
he turned he saw nothing but dirt       

instead of gold1 he sat down in a dark  
corner and cried himself to sleep4      
,little ,dick was all night in the      
streets2 and next morning1 being very   
hungry1 he got up and walked about and  
asked everybody he met to give him a    
halfpenny to keep him from starving4    
,but nobody stayed to answer him1 and   
only two or three gave him a halfpenny2 
so that the poor boy was soon quite weak
 and faint for the want of victuals4    
,at last a good-natured looking         
gentleman saw how hungry he looked4 ,why
 don't you go to work1 my lad8 said he  
to ,dick4  ,that ,i would1 but ,i do not
 know how to get any1 answered ,dick4   
,if you are willing1 come along with me1
 said the gentleman1 and took him to a  
hay-field1 where ,dick worked briskly   
and lived merrily till the hay was made4
  ,after this he found himself as badly 
off as before2 and being almost starved 
again1 he laid himself down at the door 
of ,mr4 ,fitzwarren1 a rich merchant4   
,here he was soon seen by the cook-maid1

 who was an ill-tempered creature and   
happened just then to be very busy      
dressing dinner for her master and      
mistress2 so she called out to poor     
,dick3 ,what business have you there1   
you lazy rogue8 ,there is nothing else  
but beggars4 ,if you do not take        
yourself away1 we will see how you will 
like a sousing of some dish water2 ,i   
have some here hot enough to make you   
jump4  ,just at that time ,mr4          
,fitzwarren himself came home to dinner2
 and when he saw a dirty ragged boy     
lying at the door1 he said to him3 ,why 
do you lie there1 my boy8 ,you seem old 
enough to work4 ,i am afraid you are    
inclined to be lazy4  ,no1 indeed1 sir1 
said ,dick to him1 that is not the case1
 for ,i would work with all my heart1   
but ,i do not know anybody1 and ,i      
believe ,i am very sick for the want of 
food4  ,poor fellow1 get up2 let me see 
what ails you4  ,dick then tried to     
rise1 but was obliged to lie down again1
 being too weak to stand1 for he had not

 eaten any food for three days and was  
no longer able to run about and beg a   
halfpenny of people in the street4 ,so  
the kind merchant ordered him to be     
taken into the house1 and have a good   
dinner given him1 and be kept to do what
 dirty work he was able for the cook4   
,little ,dick would have lived very     
happy in this good family if it had not 
been for the ill-natured cook1 who was  
finding fault and scolding him from     
morning to night1 and besides she was so
 fond of basting that when she had no   
meat to baste she would baste poor      
,dick's head and shoulders with a broom 
or anything else that happened to fall  
in her way4 ,at last her ill-usage of   
him was told to ,alice1 ,mr4            
,fitzwarren's daughter1 who told the    
cook she should be turned away if she   
did not treat him kinder4  ,the         
ill-humor of the cook was now a little  
amended2 but besides this ,dick had     
another hardship to get over4 ,his bed  
stood in a garret where there were so   

many holes in the floor and the walls   
that every night he was tormented with  
rats and mice4 ,a gentleman having given
 ,dick a penny for cleaning his shoes1  
he thought he would buy a cat with it4  
,the next day he saw a girl with a cat  
and asked her if she would let him have 
it for a penny4 ,the girl said she would
 and at the same time told him the cat  
was an excellent mouser4  ,dick hid his 
cat in the garret and always took care  
to carry a part of his dinner to her1   
and in a short time he had no more      
trouble with the rats and mice1 but     
slept quite sound every night4  ,soon   
after this his master had a ship ready  
to sail2 and as he thought it right that
 all his servants should have some      
chance for good fortune as well as      
himself1 he called them all into the    
parlor and asked them what they would   
send out4  ,they all had something that 
they were willing to venture except poor
 ,dick1 who had neither money nor goods1
 and therefore could send nothing4  ,for

 this reason he did not come into the   
parlor with the rest2 but ,miss ,alice  
guessed what was the matter and ordered 
him to be called in4 ,she then said she 
would lay down some money for him from  
her own purse2 but the father told her  
this would not do1 for it must be       
something of his own4  ,when poor ,dick 
heard this1 he said he had nothing but a
 cat which he bought for a penny some   
time since of a little girl4  ,fetch    
your cat then1 my good boy1 said ,mr4   
,fitzwarren1 and let her go4  ,dick went
 up stairs and brought down poor puss1  
with tears in his eyes1 and gave her to 
the captain1 for he said he should now  
be kept awake again all night by the    
rats and mice4  ,all the company laughed
 at ,dick's odd venture2 and ,miss      
,alice1 who felt pity for the poor boy1 
gave him some money to buy another cat4 
,this and many other marks of kindness  
shown him by ,miss ,alice made the      
ill-tempered cook jealous of poor ,dick1
 and she began to use him more cruelly  

than ever and always made game of him   
for sending his cat to sea4 ,she asked  
him if he thought his cat would sell for
 as much money as would buy a stick to  
beat him4  ,at last poor ,dick could not
 bear this usage any longer1 and he     
thought he would run away from his      
place2 so he packed up his few things   
and started very early in the morning on
 ,all-hallows ,day1 which is the first  
of ,november4 ,he walked as far as      
,holloway1 and there sat down on a      
stone1 which to this day is called      
,whittington's stone1 and began to think
 to himself which road he should take as
 he proceeded4  ,while he was thinking  
what he should do1 the ,bells of ,bow   
,church1 which at that time had only    
six1 began to ring1 and he fancied their
 sound seemed to say to him3            
,turn again1 ,whittington1         ,lord
 ,mayor of ,london4  ,lord ,mayor of    
,london6 said he to himself4 ,why1 to be
 sure1 ,i would put up with almost      
anything now to be ,lord ,mayor of      

,london and ride in a fine coach when ,i
 grow to be a man6 ,well1 ,i will go    
back and think nothing of the cuffing   
and scolding of the old cook if ,i am to
 be ,lord ,mayor of ,london at last4    
,dick went back and was lucky enough to 
get into the house and set about his    
work before the old cook came           
downstairs4  ,the ship1 with the cat on 
board1 was a long time at sea1 and was  
at last driven by the winds on a part of
 the coast of ,barbary where the only   
people were the ,moors1 whom the        
,english had never known before4  ,the  
people then came in great numbers to see
 the sailors1 who were of different     
color from themselves1 and treated them 
very civilly1 and when they became      
better acquainted were very eager to buy
 the fine things that the ship was      
loaded with4  ,when the captain saw     
this1 he sent patterns of the best      
things he had to the king of the        
country1 who was so much pleased with   
them that he sent for the captain to the

 palace4 ,here they were placed1 as it  
is the custom of the country1 on rich   
carpets marked with gold and silver     
flowers4 ,the king and queen were seated
 at the upper end of the room1 and a    
number of dishes were brought in for    
dinner4 ,when they had sat but a short  
time1 a vast number of rats and mice    
rushed in1 helping themselves from      
almost every dish4 ,the captain wondered
 at this and asked if these vermin were 
not very unpleasant4  ,oh1 yes1 said    
they1 very offensive2 and the king would
 give half his treasure to be freed of  
them1 for they not only destroy his     
dinner1 as you see1 but they assault him
 in his chamber and even in bed1 so that
 he is obliged to be watched while he is
 sleeping for fear of them4  ,the       
captain jumped for joy2 he remembered   
poor ,whittington and his cat and told  
the king he had a creature on board the 
ship that would dispatch all these      
vermin immediately4 ,the king's heart   
heaved so high at the joy which this    

news gave him that his turban dropped   
off his head4 ,bring this creature to   
me1 says he2 vermin are dreadful in a   
court1 and if she will perform what you 
say1 ,i will load your ship with gold   
and jewels in exchange for her4  ,the   
captain1 who knew his business1 took    
this opportunity to set forth the merits
 of ,mrs4 ,puss4 ,he told his majesty   
that it would be inconvenient to part   
with her1 as1 when she was gone1 the    
rats and mice might destroy the goods in
 the ship--but to oblige his majesty he 
would fetch her4 ,run1 run6 said the    
queen2 ,i am impatient to see the dear  
creature4  ,away went the captain to the
 ship1 while another dinner was got     
ready4 ,he put puss under his arm and   
arrived at the palace soon enough to see
 the table full of rats4  ,when the cat 
saw them1 she did not wait for bidding1 
but jumped out of the captain's arms and
 in a few minutes laid almost all the   
rats and mice dead at her feet4 ,the    
rest of them in their fright scampered  

away to their holes4  ,the king and     
queen were quite charmed to get so      
easily rid of such plagues and desired  
that the creature who had done them so  
great a kindness might be brought to    
them for inspection4 ,the captain       
called1 ,pussy1 pussy1 pussy6 and she   
came to him4 ,he then presented her to  
the queen1 who started back and was     
afraid to touch a creature who had made 
such a havoc among the rats and mice4   
,however1 when the captain stroked the  
cat and called1 ,pussy1 pussy1 the queen
 also touched her and cried1 ,putty1    
putty1 for she had not learned ,english4
 ,he then put her down on the queen's   
lap2 where she1 purring1 played with her
 majesty's hand and then sang herself to
 sleep4  ,the king1 having seen the     
exploits of ,mrs4 ,puss and being       
informed that she was with young and    
would stock the whole country1 bargained
 with the captain for the whole ship's  
cargo and then gave him ten times as    
much for the cat as all the rest        

amounted to4  ,the captain then took    
leave of the royal party and set sail   
with a fair wind for ,england1 and after
 a happy voyage arrived safe in ,london4
  ,one morning when ,mr4 ,fitzwarren had
 just come to his counting-house and    
seated himself at the desk1 somebody    
came tap1 tap1 at the door4 ,who's      
there8 says ,mr4 ,fitzwarren4  ,a       
friend1 answered the other2 ,i come to  
bring you good news of your ship        
,unicorn4 ,the merchant1 bustling up    
instantly1 opened the door1 and who     
should be seen waiting but the captain  
with a cabinet of jewels and a bill of  
lading1 for which the merchant lifted up
 his eyes and thanked heaven for sending
 him such a prosperous voyage4  ,they   
then told the story of the cat and      
showed the rich present that the king   
and queen had sent for her to poor      
,dick4 ,as soon as the merchant heard   
this1 he called out to his servants3    
,go fetch him--we will tell him of the  
same2         ,pray call him ,mr4       

,whittington by name4  ,mr4 ,fitzwarren 
now showed himself to be a good man2 for
 when some of his servants said so great
 a treasure was too much for him1 he    
answered1 ,god forbid ,i should deprive 
him of the value of a single penny4  ,he
 then sent for ,dick1 who at that time  
was scouring pots for the cook and was  
quite dirty4  ,mr4 ,fitzwarren ordered a
 chair to be set for him1 and so he     
began to think they were making game of 
him1 at the same time begging them not  
to play tricks with a poor simple boy1  
but to let him go down again1 if they   
pleased1 to his work4  ,indeed1 ,mr4    
,whittington1 said the merchant1 we are 
all quite in earnest with you1 and ,i   
most heartily rejoice in the news these 
gentlemen have brought you1 for the     
captain has sold your cat to the ,king  
of ,barbary and brought you in return   
for her more riches than ,i possess in  
the whole world2 and ,i wish you may    
long enjoy them6  ,mr4 ,fitzwarren then 
told the men to open the great treasure 

they had brought with them1 and said1   
,mr4 ,whittington has nothing to do but 
to put it in some place of safety4      
,poor ,dick hardly knew how to behave   
himself for joy4 ,he begged his master  
to take what part of it he pleased1     
since he owed it all to his kindness4   
,no1 no1 answered ,mr4 ,fitzwarren1 this
 is all your own1 and ,i have no doubt  
but you will use it well4  ,dick next   
asked his mistress1 and then ,miss      
,alice1 to accept a part of his good    
fortune2 but they would not1 and at the 
same time told him they felt great joy  
at his good success4 ,but this poor     
fellow was too kind-hearted to keep it  
all to himself2 so he made a present to 
the captain1 the mate1 and the rest of  
,mr4 ,fitzwarren's servants1 and even to
 the ill-natured old cook4  ,after this 
,mr4 ,fitzwarren advised him to send for
 a proper tradesman and get himself     
dressed like a gentleman1 and told him  
he was welcome to live in his house till
 he could provide himself with a better4

  ,when ,whittington's face was washed1 
his hair curled1 and his hat cocked1 and
 he was dressed in a nice suit of       
clothes1 he was as handsome and genteel 
as any young man who visited at ,mr4    
,fitzwarren's2 so that ,miss ,alice1 who
 had once been so kind to him and       
thought of him with pity1 now looked    
upon him as fit to be her sweetheart2   
and the more so1 no doubt1 because      
,whittington was now always thinking    
what he could do to oblige her and      
making her the prettiest presents that  
could be4  ,mr4 ,fitzwarren soon saw    
their love for each other and proposed  
to join them in marriage1 and to this   
they both readily agreed4 ,a day for the
 wedding was soon fixed2 and they were  
attended to church by the ,lord ,mayor1 
the court of aldermen1 the sheriffs1 and
 a great number of the richest merchants
 in ,london1 whom they afterwards       
treated with a very rich feast4         
,history tells us that ,mr4 ,whittington
 and his lady lived in great splendor   

and were very happy4 ,they had several  
children4 ,he was ,sheriff of ,london1  
also ,mayor1 and received the honor of  
knighthood by ,henry ,v4  ,the figure of
 ,sir ,richard ,whittington with his cat
 in his arms1 carved in stone1 was to be
 seen till the year #aghj over the      
archway of the old prison of ,newgate   
that stood across ,newgate ,street4     
#afj          ,the next story came from 
,suffolk1 ,england1 and         the     
original is in the pronounced dialect of
         that county4 ,mr4 ,jacobs      
thinks it one of the         best folk  
tales ever collected4 ,the version      
given follows ,jacobs in reducing the   
dialect4         ,there is enough left1 
however1 to raise the         question  
of the use of dialect in stories for    
children4 ,some modern versions         
eliminate the         dialect           
altogether4 ,it is certain that the     
retention of some of the qualities of   
the         folk-telling makes it more  
dramatically         effective and      

appropriate4 ,the original form of      
the story may be seen in ,hartland's    
,english         ,fairy and ,folk       
,tales4 ,teachers should feel           
free to use their judgment as to the    
best form         in which to tell a    
story to children4                      
,name-guessing stories are very common1 
and may         be a 'survival' of the  
superstition that to         know a     
man's name gives you power over him1 for
         which reason savages object to 
tell their         names4 ,the ,grimm   
story of ,rumpelstiltskin is         the
 best known of many variants 7,no4      
#agh74 ,tom         ,tit ,tot has a rude
 vigor and dramatic force         not in
 the continental versions1 and it will  
be         interesting to compare it    
with the ,grimm tale4         ,jacobs   
suggests that it may be necessary to    
explain to the little ones that ,tom    
,tit can be         referred to only as 
'that1' because his name is         not 
known until the end4   ,,tom ,,tit ,,tot

  ,once upon a time there was a woman1  
and she baked five pies4 ,and when they 
came out of the oven1 they were that    
over-baked the crusts were too hard to  
eat4 ,so she says to her daughter3      
,darter1 says she1 put you them there   
pies on the shelf1 and leave 'em there a
 little1 and they'll come again4--,she  
meant1 you know1 the crust would get    
soft4  ,but the girl1 she says to       
herself1 ,well1 if they'll come again1  
,i'll eat 'em now4 ,and she set to work 
and ate 'em all1 first and last4  ,well1
 come supper-time the woman said1 ,go   
you and get one o' them there pies4 ,i  
dare say they've come again now4  ,the  
girl went and she looked1 and there was 
nothing but the dishes4 ,so back she    
came and says she1 ,noo1 they ain't come
 again4  ,not one of 'em8 says the      
mother4  ,not one of 'em1 says she4     
,well1 come again or not come again1    
said the woman1 ,i'll have one for      
supper4  ,but you can't if they ain't   
come1 said the girl4  ,but ,i can1 says 

she4 ,go you and bring the best of 'em4 
,best or worst1 says the girl1 ,i've ate
 'em all1 and you can't have one till   
that's come again4  ,well1 the woman she
 was done1 and she took her spinning to 
the door to spin1 and as she span she   
sang3          ,my darter ha' ate five1 
five pies to-day4         ,my darter ha'
 ate five1 five pies to-day4  ,the king 
was coming down the street1 and he heard
 her sing1 but what she sang he couldn't
 hear1 so he stopped and said1 ,what was
 that you were singing1 my good woman8  
,the woman was ashamed to let him hear  
what her daughter had been doing1 so she
 sang1 instead of that3          ,my    
darter ha' spun five1 five skeins       
to-day4          ,my darter ha' spun    
five1 five skeins to-day4  ,stars o'    
mine6 said the king1 ,i never heard tell
 of any one that could do that4  ,then  
he said1 ,look you here1 ,i want a wife1
 and ,i'll marry your daughter4 ,but    
look you here1 says he1 eleven months   
out of the year she shall have all she  

likes to eat1 and all the gowns she     
likes to get1 and all the company she   
likes to keep2 but the last month of the
 year she'll have to spin five skeins   
every day1 and if she don't ,i shall    
kill her4  ,all right1 says the woman2  
for she thought what a grand marriage   
that was4 ,and as for the five skeins1  
when the time came1 there'd be plenty of
 ways of getting out of it1 and         
likeliest1 he'd have forgotten all about
 it4  ,well1 so they were married4 ,and 
for eleven months the girl had all she  
liked to eat and all the gowns she liked
 to get and all the company she liked to
 keep4  ,but when the time was getting  
over1 she began to think about the      
skeins and to wonder if he had 'em in   
mind4 ,but not one word did he say about
 'em1 and she thought he'd wholly       
forgotten 'em4  ,however1 the first day 
of the last month he takes her to a room
 she'd never set eyes on before4 ,there 
was nothing in it but a spinning-wheel  
and a stool4 ,and says he1 ,now1 my     

dear1 here you'll be shut in to-morrow  
with some victuals and some flax1 and if
 you haven't spun five skeins by the    
night1 your head'll go off4 ,and away he
 went about his business4  ,well1 she   
was that frightened1 she'd always been  
such a gatless girl1 that she didn't so 
much as know how to spin1 and what was  
she to do to-morrow with no one to come 
nigh her to help her8 ,she sat down on a
 stool in the kitchen1 and law6 how she 
did cry6  ,however1 all of a sudden she 
heard a sort of a knocking low down on  
the door4 ,she upped and oped it1 and   
what should she see but a small little  
black thing with a long tail4 ,that     
looked up at her right curious1 and that
 said1 ,what are you a-crying for8      
,what's that to you8 says she4  ,never  
you mind1 that said1 but tell me what   
you're a-crying for4  ,that won't do me 
no good if ,i do1 says she4  ,you don't 
know that1 that said1 and twirled that's
 tail round4  ,well1 says she1 that     
won't do no harm1 if that don't do no   

good1 and she upped and told about the  
pies and the skeins and everything4     
,this is what ,i'll do1 says the little 
black thing1 ,i'll come to your window  
every morning and take the flax and     
bring it spun at night4  ,what's your   
pay8 says she4  ,that looked out of the 
corner of that's eyes1 and that said1   
,i'll give you three guesses every night
 to guess my name1 and if you haven't   
guessed it before the month's up you    
shalt be mine4  ,well1 she thought she'd
 be sure to guess that's name before the
 month was up4 ,all right1 says she1 ,i 
agree4  ,all right1 that says1 and law6 
how that twirled that's tail4  ,well1   
the next day her husband took her into  
the room1 and there was the flax and the
 day's food4  ,now1 there's the flax1   
says he1 and if that ain't spun up this 
night1 off goes your head4 ,and then he 
went out and locked the door4  ,he'd    
hardly gone when there was a knocking   
against the window4 ,she upped and she  
oped it1 and there sure enough was the  

little old thing sitting on the ledge4  
,where's the flax8 says he4  ,here it   
be1 says she4 ,and she gave it to him4  
,well1 come the evening a knocking came 
again to the window4 ,she upped and she 
oped it1 and there was the little old   
thing with five skeins of flax on his   
arm4  ,here it be1 says he1 and he gave 
it to her4 ,now1 what's my name8 says   
he4 ,what1 is that ,bill8 says she4     
,noo1 that ain't1 says he1 and he       
twirled his tail4 ,is that ,ned8 says   
she4 ,noo1 that ain't1 says he1 and he  
twirled his tail4 ,well1 is that ,mark8 
says she4 ,noo1 that ain't1 says he1 and
 he twirled his tail harder1 and away he
 flew4  ,well1 when her husband came in1
 there were the five skeins ready for   
him4 ,i see ,i shan't have to kill you  
to-night1 my dear1 says he2 you'll have 
your food and your flax in the morning1 
says he1 and away he goes4  ,well1 every
 day the flax and the food were brought1
 and every day that there little black  
impet used to come mornings and         

evenings4 ,and all the day the girl sat 
trying to think of names to say to it   
when it came at night4 ,but she never   
hit on the right one4 ,and as it got    
towards the end of the month1 the impet 
began to look so maliceful1 and that    
twirled that's tail faster and faster   
each time she gave a guess4  ,at last it
 came to the last day but one4 ,the     
impet came at night along with the five 
skeins1 and that said1 ,what1 ain't you 
got my name yet8 ,is that ,nicodemus8   
says she4 ,noo1 't ain't1 that says4 ,is
 that ,sammle8 says she4 ,noo1 't ain't1
 that says4 ,a-well1 is that            
,methusalem8 says she4 ,noo1 't ain't   
that neither1 that says4  ,then that    
looks at her with that's eyes like a    
coal o' fire1 and that says1 ,woman1    
there's only to-morrow night1 and then  
you'll be mine6 ,and away it flew4      
,well1 she felt that horrid4 ,however   
she heard the king coming along the     
passage4 ,in he came1 and when he sees  
the five skeins1 says he1 ,well1 my     

dear1 ,i don't see but what you'll have 
your skeins ready to-morrow night as    
well and as ,i reckon ,i shan't have to 
kill you1 ,i'll have supper in here     
to-night4 ,so they brought supper and   
another stool for him1 and down the two 
sat4  ,well1 he hadn't eaten but a      
mouthful or so1 when he stops and begins
 to laugh4  ,what is it8 says she4      
,a-why1 says he1 ,i was out a-hunting   
to-day1 and ,i got away to a place in   
the wood ,i'd never seen before4 ,and   
there was an old chalk-pit4 ,and ,i     
heard a kind of a sort of humming4 ,so  
,i got off my hobby1 and ,i went right  
quiet to the pit1 and ,i looked down4   
,well1 what should there be but the     
funniest little black thing you ever set
 eyes on4 ,and what was that doing1 but 
that had a little spinning-wheel1 and   
that was spinning wonderful fast1 and   
twirling that's tail4 ,and as that span 
that sang3          ,nimmy nimmy not    
,my name's ,tom ,tit ,tot4  ,well1 when 
the girl heard this1 she felt as if she 

could have jumped out of her skin for   
joy1 but she didn't say a word4  ,next  
day that there little thing looked so   
maliceful when he came for the flax4    
,and when night came she heard that     
knocking against the window panes4 ,she 
oped the window1 and that come right in 
on the ledge4 ,that was grinning from   
ear to ear1 and ,oo6 that's tail was    
twirling round so fast4  ,what's my     
name8 that says1 as that gave her the   
skeins4 ,is that ,solomon8 she says1    
pretending to be afeard4 ,noo1 't ain't1
 that says1 and that came further into  
the room4 ,well1 is that ,zebedee8 says 
she again4 ,noo1 't ain't1 says the     
impet4 ,and then that laughed and       
twirled that's tail till you couldn't   
hardly see it4  ,take time1 woman1 that 
says2 next guess1 and you're mine4 ,and 
that stretched out that's black hands at
 her4  ,well1 she backed a step or two1 
and she looked at it1 and then she      
laughed out and says she1 pointing her  
finger at it3          ,nimmy nimmy not 

,your name's ,tom ,tit ,tot4  ,well1    
when that heard her1 that gave an awful 
shriek and away that flew into the dark1
 and she never saw it any more4    #afa 
,in #afig the ,french author ,charles   
,perrault         7#afbh-agjc7 published
 a little collection of         eight   
tales in prose familiarly known as ,the 
,tales of ,mother ,goose 7,contes de ,ma
 ,mere         l',oye74 ,these tales    
were ,the ,fairies 7,toads         and  
,diamonds71 ,the ,sleeping ,beauty in   
the         ,wood1 ,bluebeard1 ,little  
,red ,riding ,hood1                     
,puss-in-,boots1 ,cinderella1 ,rique    
with the         ,tuft1 and ,little     
,thumb4 ,perrault was         prominent 
as a scholar and may have felt it       
beneath his dignity to write nursery    
tales4 ,at         any rate he declared 
the stories were copied         from    
tellings by his eleven-year-old son4    
,but         ,perrault's fairies have   
not only saved him from                 
oblivion3 in countless editions and     

translations they have won him          
immortality4 ,the         charming      
literary form of his versions1          
,englished by ,r4 ,s41 ,gent1 about     
#agcj1 soon         established them in 
place of the more somber                
,english popular versions4 ,it is       
practically         certain that the    
name ,mother ,goose1 as that of         
the genial old lady who presides over   
the light         literature of the     
nursery1 was established by         the 
work of ,perrault4          ,little ,red
 ,riding ,hood1 a likely candidate      
for first place in the affections of    
childish         story-lovers1 is here  
given in its correct         form4 ,many
 versions are so constructed as to      
have happy endings1 either by having the
         woodmen appear in the nick of  
time to kill the         wolf before any
 damage is done1 or by having           
the grandmother and ,little ,red ,riding
 ,hood         restored to life after   
recovering them from the         innards

 of the wolf4 ,andrew ,lang thinks that 
the tale as it stands is merely meant to
 waken         a child's terror and     
pity1 after the fashion of         the  
old ,greek tragedies1 and that the      
narrator         properly ends it by    
making a pounce1 in the                 
character of wolf1 at the little        
listener4 ,that         this was the    
correct business in ,scotch             
nurseries is borne out by a sentence in 
,chambers' ,popular ,rhymes of          
,scotland3 ,the         old nurse's     
imitation of the gnash1 gnash1          
which she played off upon the youngest  
urchin         lying in her lap1 was    
electric4   ,,little ,,red              
,,riding-,,hood  ,once upon a time there
 lived in a certain village a little    
country girl1 the prettiest creature    
that was ever seen4 ,her mother was     
excessively fond of her2 and her        
grandmother doted on her still more4    
,this good woman got made for her a     
little red riding-hood1 which became the

 girl so extremely well that everybody  
called her ,little ,red ,riding-,hood4  
,one day her mother1 having made some   
custards1 said to her1 ,go1 my dear1 and
 see how thy grandmamma does1 for ,i    
hear that she has been very ill2 carry  
her a custard and this little pot of    
butter4  ,little ,red ,riding-,hood set 
out immediately to go to her            
grandmother1 who lived in another       
village4  ,as she was going through the 
wood1 she met with ,gaffer ,wolf1 who   
had a very great mind to eat her up1 but
 he durst not because of some           
fagot-makers hard by in the forest4 ,he 
asked her whither she was going4 ,the   
poor child1 who did not know that it was
 dangerous to stay and hear a wolf talk1
 said to him1 ,i am going to see my     
grandmamma and carry her a custard and a
 little pot of butter from my mamma4    
,does she live far off8 said the wolf4  
,oh6 aye1 answered ,little ,red         
,riding-,hood1 it is beyond the mill you
 see there at the first house in the    

village4  ,well1 said the wolf1 and     
,i'll go and see her too4 ,i'll go this 
way and you go that1 and we shall see   
who will be there soonest4  ,the wolf   
began to run as fast as he could1 taking
 the nearest way1 and the little girl   
went by that farthest about1 diverting  
herself by gathering nuts1 running after
 butterflies1 and making nosegays of    
such little flowers as she met with4    
,the wolf was not long before he got to 
the old woman's house4 ,he knocked at   
the door--tap1 tap4  ,who's there8      
,your grandchild1 ,little ,red          
,riding-,hood1 replied the wolf1        
counterfeiting her voice1 who has       
brought you a custard and a pot of      
butter sent you by mamma4  ,the good    
grandmother1 who was in bed because she 
was somewhat ill1 cried out1 ,pull the  
bobbin and the latch will go up4  ,the  
wolf pulled the bobbin and the door     
opened1 and then presently he fell upon 
the good woman and ate her up in a      
moment1 for it was above three days that

 he had not touched a bit4 ,he then shut
 the door and went into the             
grandmother's bed1 expecting ,little    
,red ,riding-,hood1 who came some time  
afterward and knocked at the door--tap1 
tap4  ,who's there8  ,little ,red       
,riding-,hood1 hearing the big voice of 
the wolf1 was at first afraid1 but      
believing her grandmother had got a cold
 and was hoarse1 answered1 ',tis your   
grandchild1 ,little ,red ,riding-,hood1 
who has brought you a custard and a     
little pot of butter mamma sends you4   
,the wolf cried out to her1 softening   
his voice as much as he could1 ,pull the
 bobbin and the latch will go up4       
,little ,red ,riding-,hood pulled the   
bobbin and the door opened4  ,the wolf1 
seeing her come in1 said to her1 hiding 
himself under the bedclothes1 ,put the  
custard and the little pot of butter    
upon the stool and come and lie down    
with me4  ,little ,red ,riding-,hood    
undressed herself and went into bed1    
where1 being greatly amazed to see how  

her grandmother looked in her           
night-clothes1 she said to her1         
,grandmamma1 what great arms you have   
got6  ,that is the better to hug thee1  
my dear4  ,grandmamma1 what great legs  
you have got6  ,that is to run the      
better1 my child4  ,grandmamma1 what    
great ears you have got6  ,that is to   
hear the better1 my child4  ,grandmamma1
 what great eyes you have got6  ,it is  
to see the better1 my child4            
,grandmamma1 what great teeth you have  
got6  ,that is to eat thee up4  ,and    
saying these words1 this wicked wolf    
fell upon ,little ,red ,riding-,hood and
 ate her all up4    #afb                
,because many modern teachers are       
distressed at         the tragedy of the
 real story of ,little ,red             
,riding ,hood as just given1 they prefer
 some         softened form of the tale4
 ,the ,grimm version1         ,little   
,red ,cap1 is generally used by those   
who insist on a happy ending4 ,there    
,little ,red         ,riding ,hood and  

her grandmother are both                
recovered and the wicked wolf destroyed4
 ,the         story that follows is from
 a modern ,french         author1       
,charles ,marelles1 and is given in the 
translation found in ,lang's ,red ,fairy
 ,book4         ,in it the events are   
dramatically imagined in         detail1
 even if the writer does turn it all    
into a sunflower myth at the close4     
,,true ,,history ,,of ,,little ,,golden 
,,hood  ,you know the tale of poor      
,little ,red ,riding-,hood1 that the    
wolf deceived and devoured1 with her    
cake1 her little butter can1 and her    
grandmother4 ,well1 the true story      
happened quite differently1 as we know  
now4 ,and first of all1 the little girl 
was called and is still called ,little  
,golden ,hood2 secondly1 it was not she1
 nor the good granddame1 but the wicked 
wolf who was1 in the end1 caught and    
devoured4  ,only listen4  ,the story    
begins something like the tale4  ,there 
was once a little peasant girl1 pretty  

and nice as a star in its season4 ,her  
real name was ,blanchette1 but she was  
more often called ,little ,golden ,hood1
 on account of a wonderful little cloak 
with a hood1 gold and fire colored1     
which she always had on4 ,this little   
hood was given her by her grandmother1  
who was so old that she did not know her
 age2 it ought to bring her good luck1  
for it was made of a ray of sunshine1   
she said4 ,and as the good old woman was
 considered something of a witch1 every 
one thought the little hood rather      
bewitched too4  ,and so it was1 as you  
will see4  ,one day the mother said to  
the child3 ,let us see1 my little       
,golden ,hood1 if you know now how to   
find your way by yourself4 ,you shall   
take this good piece of cake to your    
grandmother for a ,sunday treat         
to-morrow4 ,you will ask her how she is1
 and come back at once1 without stopping
 to chatter on the way with people you  
don't know4 ,do you quite understand8   
,i quite understand1 replied ,blanchette

 gayly4 ,and off she went with the cake1
 quite proud of her errand4  ,but the   
grandmother lived in another village1   
and there was a big wood to cross before
 getting there4 ,at a turn of the road  
under the trees suddenly1 ,who goes     
there8  ,friend ,wolf4  ,he had seen the
 child start alone1 and the villain was 
waiting to devour her1 when at the same 
moment he perceived some wood-cutters   
who might observe him1 and he changed   
his mind4 ,instead of falling upon      
,blanchette he came frisking up to her  
like a good dog4  ',tis you6 my nice    
,little ,golden ,hood1 said he4 ,so the 
little girl stops to talk with the wolf1
 whom1 for all that1 she did not know in
 the least4  ,you know me1 then6 said   
she4 ,what is your name8  ,my name is   
friend ,wolf4 ,and where are you going  
thus1 my pretty one1 with your little   
basket on your arm8  ,i am going to my  
grandmother to take her a good piece of 
cake for her ,sunday treat to-morrow4   
,and where does she live1 your          

grandmother8  ,she lives at the other   
side of the wood in the first house in  
the village1 near the windmill1 you     
know4  ,ah6 yes6 ,i know now1 said the  
wolf4 ,well1 that's just where ,i'm     
going4 ,i shall get there before you1 no
 doubt1 with your little bits of legs1  
and ,i'll tell her you're coming to see 
her2 then she'll wait for you4          
,thereupon the wolf cuts across the     
wood1 and in five minutes arrives at the
 grandmother's house4  ,he knocks at the
 door3 toc1 toc4  ,no answer4  ,he      
knocks louder4  ,nobody4  ,then he      
stands up on end1 puts his two fore paws
 on the latch1 and the door opens4  ,not
 a soul in the house4  ,the old woman   
had risen early to sell herbs in the    
town1 and had gone off in such haste    
that she had left her bed unmade1 with  
her great night-cap on the pillow4      
,good6 said the wolf to himself1 ,i know
 what ,i'll do4  ,he shuts the door1    
pulls on the grandmother's night-cap    
down to his eyes2 then he lies down all 

his length in the bed and draws the     
curtains4  ,in the meantime the good    
,blanchette went quietly on her way1 as 
little girls do1 amusing herself here   
and there by picking ,easter daisies1   
watching the little birds making their  
nests1 and running after the butterflies
 which fluttered in the sunshine4  ,at  
last she arrives at the door4  ,knock1  
knock4  ,who is there8 says the wolf1   
softening his rough voice as best he    
can4  ,it's me1 granny1 your ,little    
,golden ,hood4 ,i'm bringing you a big  
piece of cake for your ,sunday treat    
to-morrow4  ,press your finger on the   
latch2 then push and the door opens4    
,why1 you've got a cold1 granny1 said   
she1 coming in4  ,ahem6 a little1 my    
dear1 a little1 replies the wolf1       
pretending to cough4 ,shut the door     
well1 my little lamb4 ,put your basket  
on the table1 and then take off your    
frock and come and lie down by me2 you  
shall rest a little4  ,the good child   
undresses1 but observe this3--she kept  

her little hood upon her head4 ,when she
 saw what a figure her granny cut in    
bed1 the poor little thing was much     
surprised4  ,oh6 cries she1 how like you
 are to friend ,wolf1 grandmother6      
,that's on account of my night-cap1     
child1 replies the wolf4  ,oh6 what     
hairy arms you've got1 grandmother6     
,all the better to hug you1 my child4   
,oh6 what a big tongue you've got1      
grandmother6  ,all the better for       
answering1 child4  ,oh6 what a mouthful 
of great white teeth you have1          
grandmother6  ,that's for crunching     
little children with6 ,and the wolf     
opened his jaws wide to swallow         
,blanchette4  ,but she put down her     
head1 crying1 ,mamma6 mamma6 and the    
wolf only caught her little hood4       
,thereupon1 oh1 dear6 oh1 dear6 he draws
 back1 crying and shaking his jaw as if 
he had swallowed red-hot coals4  ,it was
 the little fire-colored hood that had  
burnt his tongue right down his throat4 
,the little hood1 you see1 was one of   

those magic caps that they used to have 
in former times1 in the stories1 for    
making one's self invisible or          
invulnerable4  ,so there was the wolf   
with his throat burned1 jumping off the 
bed and trying to find the door1 howling
 and howling as if all the dogs in the  
country were at his heels4  ,just at    
this moment the grandmother arrives1    
returning from the town with her long   
sack empty on her shoulder4  ,ah1       
brigand6 she cries1 wait a bit6 ,quickly
 she opens her sack wide across the     
door1 and the maddened wolf springs in  
head downward4  ,it is he now that is   
caught1 swallowed like a letter in the  
post4 ,for the brave old dame shuts her 
sack1 so2 and she runs and empties it in
 the well1 where the vagabond1 still    
howling1 tumbles in and is drowned4     
,ah1 scoundrel6 you thought you would   
crunch my little grandchild6 ,well1     
to-morrow we will make her a muff of    
your skin1 and you yourself shall be    
crunched1 for we will give your carcass 

to the dogs4  ,thereupon the grandmother
 hastened to dress poor ,blanchette1 who
 was still trembling with fear in the   
bed4  ,well1 she said to her1 without my
 little hood where would you be now1    
darling8 ,and1 to restore heart and legs
 to the child1 she made her eat a good  
piece of her cake1 and drink a good     
draught of wine1 after which she took   
her by the hand and led her back to the 
house4  ,and then1 who was it who       
scolded her when she knew all that had  
happened8  ,it was the mother4  ,but    
,blanchette promised over and over again
 that she would never more stop to      
listen to a wolf1 so that at last the   
mother forgave her4  ,and ,blanchette1  
the ,little ,golden ,hood1 kept her     
word4 ,and in fine weather she may still
 be seen in the fields with her pretty  
little hood1 the color of the sun4  ,but
 to see her you must rise early4    #afc
          ,the next ,perrault story is  
given in the         traditional        
,english form made by ,r4 ,s41 ,gent4   

,perrault met the popular taste of his  
time for         morals by adding more  
or less playful ones in         verse to
 his stories4 ,here is a prose rendering
         of a portion of the ,moralite  
attached to         ,puss-in-,boots3    
,however great may be the               
advantage of enjoying a rich inheritance
 coming         down from father to son1
 industry and ingenuity         are     
worth more to young people as a usual   
thing         than goods acquired       
without personal effort4         ,in    
relation to this moral1 ,ralston says1  
the         conclusion at which an      
ordinary reader would         arrive1 if
 he were not dazzled by fairy-land      
glamor1 would probably be that far      
better than         either tact and     
industry on a master's part is          
the loyalty of an unscrupulous retainer 
of an         imaginative turn of mind4 
,the impropriety of         this        
teaching is not balanced by any other   
form         of instruction4 ,what the  

story openly         inculcates is not  
edifying1 and it does not               
secretly convey any improving doctrine4 
,but on         the other hand it may be
 argued that the         moral passes   
over the child's head4 ,miss            
,kready1 in her ,study of ,fairy ,tales 
7p4 #bge71         makes a very         
elaborate and proper defense of         
,puss-in-,boots as a story for children4
 ,there         is delight in its strong
 sense of adventure1 it         has a   
hero clever and quick1 there is loyalty1
         love1 and sacrifice in ,puss's 
devotion to his         master1 the     
tricks are true to cat-nature1          
there are touches of nature beauty1 a   
simple         and pleasing plot1 while 
we should not forget         the        
delightful ,ogre and his transformations
         into ,lion and ,mouse4 ,the    
story is found in many         forms    
among many different peoples4 ,perhaps  
the         great stroke of genius which
 endears ,perrault's         version is 

in the splendid boots with which his    
tale provides the hero so that briers   
may not         interfere with his      
doings4 7,extended studies of           
this tale and its many parallels may be 
found         in ,lang's ,perrault's    
,popular ,tales2 in                     
,mc,culloch's ,childhood of ,fiction1   
chap4 viii2         in an article by    
,ralston in the ,nineteenth             
,century1 ,january1 #ahhc1 reprinted in 
,living         ,age1 ,vol4 ,,clvi1 p4  
#cfb47   ,,puss-,,in-,,boots  ,there was
 once a miller who left no more estate  
to the three sons he had than his mill1 
his ass1 and his cat4 ,the partition was
 soon made4 ,neither the clerk nor the  
attorney was sent for4 ,they would soon 
have eaten up all the poor patrimony4   
,the eldest had the mill1 the second the
 ass1 and the youngest nothing but the  
cat4  ,the poor young fellow was quite  
comfortless at having so poor a lot4 ,my
 brothers1 said he1 may get their living
 handsomely enough by joining their     

stocks together2 but for my part1 when  
,i have eaten up my cat and made me a   
muff of his skin1 ,i must die with      
hunger4  ,the cat1 who heard all this1  
but made as if he did not1 said to him  
with a grave and serious air2 ,do not   
thus afflict yourself1 my good master2  
you have nothing else to do but to give 
me a bag and get a pair of boots made   
for me1 that ,i may scamper through the 
dirt and the brambles1 and you shall see
 that you have not so bad a portion of  
me as you imagine4  ,though the cat's   
master did not build very much upon what
 he said1 he had1 however1 often seen   
him play a great many cunning tricks to 
catch rats and mice2 as when he used to 
hang by the heels1 or hide himself in   
the meal and make as if he were dead2 so
 he did not altogether despair of his   
affording him some help in his miserable
 condition4  ,when the cat had what he  
asked for1 he booted himself very       
gallantly2 and putting his bag about his
 neck1 he held the strings of it in his 

two fore paws and went into a warren    
where was a great abundance of rabbits4 
,he put bran and sow-thistles into his  
bag1 and1 stretching himself out at     
length as if he had been dead1 he waited
 for some young rabbits1 not yet        
acquainted with the deceits of the      
world1 to come and rummage his bag for  
what he had just put into it4  ,scarce  
was he lain down but he had what he     
wanted4 ,a rash and foolish young rabbit
 jumped into his bag1 and master ,puss1 
immediately drawing close the strings1  
took and killed him without pity4 ,proud
 of his prey1 he went with it to the    
palace and asked to speak with his      
majesty4 ,he was shown upstairs into the
 king's apartment1 and1 making a low    
reverence1 said to him3 ,i have brought 
you1 sir1 a rabbit of the warren which  
my noble lord1 the ,marquis of ,carabas 
7for that was the title which ,puss was 
pleased to give his master71 has        
commanded me to present to your majesty 
from him4  ,tell thy master1 said the   

king1 that ,i thank him and that he     
gives me a great deal of pleasure4      
,another time he went and hid himself   
among some standing corn1 holding still 
his bag open2 and when a brace of       
partridges ran into it1 he drew the     
strings and so caught them both4 ,he    
went and made a present of these to the 
king1 as he had done before of the      
rabbit which he took in the warren4 ,the
 king in like manner received the       
partridges with great pleasure and      
ordered him some money4  ,the cat       
continued for two or three months thus  
to carry his majesty1 from time to time1
 game of his master's taking4 ,one day  
in particular1 when he knew for certain 
that he was to take the air along the   
riverside with his daughter1 the most   
beautiful princess in the world1 he said
 to his master3 ,if you will follow my  
advice1 your fortune is made4 ,you have 
nothing else to do but go and wash      
yourself in the river1 in that part ,i  
shall show you1 and leave the rest to   

me4 ,the ,marquis of ,carabas did what  
the cat advised him to1 without knowing 
why or wherefore4  ,while he was        
washing1 the king passed by1 and the cat
 began to cry out as loud as he could1  
,help1 help6 my lord ,marquis of        
,carabas is going to be drowned4 ,at    
this noise the king put his head out of 
his coach-window1 and1 finding it was   
the cat who had so often brought him    
such good game1 he commanded his guards 
to run immediately to the assistance of 
his lordship1 the ,marquis of ,carabas4 
,while they were drawing the poor       
marquis out of the river1 the cat came  
up to the coach and told the king that  
while his master was washing there came 
by some rogues1 who went off with his   
clothes though he had cried out1        
,thieves1 thieves1 as loud as he could4 
,this cunning cat had hidden them under 
a great stone4 ,the king immediately    
commanded the officers of his wardrobe  
to run and fetch one of his best suits  
for the lord ,marquis of ,carabas4  ,the

 king caressed him after a very         
extraordinary manner2 and as the fine   
clothes he had given him extremely set  
off his good mien 7for he was well made 
and very handsome in his person71 the   
king's daughter took a secret           
inclination to him1 and the ,marquis of 
,carabas had no sooner cast two or three
 respectful and somewhat tender glances1
 but she fell in love with him to       
distraction4 ,the king would needs have 
him come into his coach and take part of
 the airing4 ,the cat1 quite overjoyed  
to see his project begin to succeed1    
marched on before1 and meeting with some
 countrymen who were mowing a meadow1 he
 said to them1 ,good people1 you who are
 mowing1 if you do not tell the king1   
who will soon pass this way1 that the   
meadow you mow belongs to my lord       
,marquis of ,carabas1 you shall be      
chopped as small as herbs for the pot4  
,the king did not fail asking of the    
mowers to whom the meadow they were     
mowing belonged3 ,to my lord ,marquis of

 ,carabas1 answered they1 all together1 
for the cat's threats had made them     
terribly afraid4  ,you see1 sir1 said   
the marquis1 this is a meadow which     
never fails to yield a plentiful harvest
 every year4  ,the master-cat1 who went 
still on before1 met with some reapers1 
and said to them1 ,good people1 you who 
are reaping1 if you do not tell the     
king1 who will presently go by1 that all
 this corn belongs to the ,marquis of   
,carabas1 you shall be chopped as small 
as herbs for the pot4  ,the king1 who   
passed by a moment after1 would needs   
know to whom all that corn1 which he    
then saw1 did belong4 ,to my lord       
,marquis of ,carabas1 replied the       
reapers2 and the king was very well     
pleased with it1 as well as the marquis1
 whom he congratulated thereupon4 ,the  
master-cat1 who went always before1 said
 the same words to all he met2 and the  
king was astonished at the vast estates 
of my lord ,marquis of ,carabas4        
,master ,puss came at last to a stately 

castle1 the owner of which was an ogre1 
the richest that had ever been known1   
for all the lands which the king had    
then gone over belonged to this castle4 
,the cat1 who had taken care to inform  
himself who the ogre was and what he    
could do1 asked to speak with him1      
saying he could not pass so near his    
castle without having the honor of      
paying his respects to him4  ,the ogre  
received him as civilly as an ogre could
 do and made him sit down4 ,i have been 
assured1 said the cat1 that you have the
 gift of being able to change yourself  
into all sorts of creatures you have a  
mind to4 ,you can1 for example1         
transform yourself into a lion1 or      
elephant1 and the like4  ,this is true1 
answered the ogre very briskly1 and to  
convince you1 you shall see me now      
become a lion4  ,puss was so sadly      
terrified at the sight of a lion so near
 him that he immediately got into the   
gutter1 not without abundance of trouble
 and danger1 because of his boots1 which

 were of no use at all to him in walking
 upon the tiles4 ,a little while after1 
when ,puss saw that the ogre had resumed
 his natural form1 he came down and     
owned he had been very much frightened4 
,i have been1 moreover1 informed1 said  
the cat1 but ,i know not how to believe 
it1 that you have also the power to take
 on you the shape of the smallest       
animals2 for example1 to change yourself
 into a rat or a mouse2 but ,i must own 
to you1 ,i take this to be impossible4  
,impossible6 cried the ogre1 you shall  
see that presently1 and at the same time
 changed himself into a mouse1 and began
 to run about the floor4 ,puss no sooner
 perceived this but he fell upon him and
 ate him up4  ,meanwhile1 the king1 who 
saw1 as he passed1 this fine castle of  
the ogre's1 had a mind to go into it4   
,puss1 who heard the noise of his       
majesty's coach running over the        
drawbridge1 ran out and said to the     
king1 ,your ,majesty is welcome to this 
castle of my lord ,marquis of ,carabas4 

,what6 my lord ,marquis6 cried the king1
 and does this castle also belong to    
you8 ,there can be nothing finer than   
this court and all the stately buildings
 which surround it2 let us go into it1  
if you please4 ,they passed into a      
spacious hall1 where they found a       
magnificent collation which the ogre had
 prepared for his friends1 who were that
 very day to visit him1 but dared not to
 enter1 knowing the king was there4 ,his
 majesty was perfectly charmed with the 
good qualities of my lord ,marquis of   
,carabas1 as was his daughter1 who had  
fallen in love with him2 and seeing the 
vast estate he possessed1 said to him   
while they sat at the feast1 ,it will be
 owing to yourself only1 my lord        
,marquis1 if you are not my son-in-law4 
,the marquis1 making several low bows1  
accepted the honor which his majesty    
conferred upon him1 and forthwith1 that 
very same day1 married the princess4    
,puss became a great lord1 and never ran
 after mice any more1 but only for his  

diversion4    #afd          ,perrault   
attached to the next story this moral3  
,diamonds and dollars influence minds1  
and yet         gentle words have more  
effect and are more to         be       
esteemed4 4 4 4 ,it is a lot of trouble 
to be         upright and it requires   
some effort1 but sooner         or later
 it finds its reward1 and generally     
when one is least expecting it4 ,english
         versions are usually given the 
title ,toads and         ,diamonds1     
though ,perrault's title was simply     
,the ,fairies 7,les ,fees74 ,lang calls 
attention to the fact that the origin of
 the         story is manifestly moral4 
,he thinks it is         an obvious     
criticism that the elder girl should    
have met the fairy first2 she was not   
likely to         behave so rudely when 
she knew that politeness         would  
be rewarded4 ,it would be interesting   
for         a story-teller to test the  
effect of relating         the incidents
 in the order suggested by ,lang4       

,,toads ,,and ,,diamonds  ,there was    
once upon a time a widow who had two    
daughters4 ,the oldest was so much like 
her in face and humor that whoever      
looked upon the daughter saw the mother4
 ,they were both so disagreeable and so 
proud that there was no living with     
them4 ,the youngest1 who was the very   
picture of her father for courtesy and  
sweetness of temper1 was withal one of  
the most beautiful girls that was ever  
seen4 ,as people naturally love their   
own likenesses1 this mother ever doted  
on her eldest daughter and at the same  
time had a sad aversion for the         
youngest4 ,she made her eat in the      
kitchen and work continually4  ,among   
other things1 this poor child was forced
 twice a day to draw water above a mile 
and a half from the house1 and bring    
home a pitcher full of it4 ,one day as  
she was at this fountain there came to  
her a poor woman1 who begged of her to  
let her drink4 ,oh1 yes1 with all my    
heart1 ,goody1 said this pretty little  

girl2 and rinsing the pitcher1 she took 
up some water from the clearest place of
 the fountain and gave it to her1       
holding up the pitcher all the while    
that she might drink the easier4  ,the  
good woman having drunk1 said to her1   
,you are so very pretty1 my dear1 so    
good and so mannerly1 that ,i cannot    
help giving you a gift--for this was a  
fairy1 who had taken the form of a poor 
country woman to see how far the        
civility and good manners of this pretty
 girl would go4 ,i will give you for    
gift1 continued the fairy1 that at every
 word you speak1 there shall come out of
 your mouth either a flower or a jewel4 
,when this pretty girl came home1 her   
mother scolded at her for staying so    
long at the fountain4 ,i beg your       
pardon1 mamma1 said the poor girl1 for  
not making more haste2 and1 in speaking 
these words1 there came out of her mouth
 two roses1 two pearls1 and two large   
diamonds4  ,what is it ,i see there8    
said her mother quite astonished4 ,i    

think ,i see pearls and diamonds come   
out of the girl's mouth6 ,how happens   
this1 my child8--,this was the first    
time she ever called her her child4     
,the poor creature told her frankly all 
the matter1 not without dropping out    
infinite numbers of diamonds4 ,in good  
faith1 cried the mother1 ,i must send my
 child thither4 ,come hither1 ,fanny4   
,look what comes out of your sister's   
mouth when she speaks6 ,would you not be
 glad1 my dear1 to have the same gift   
given to you8 ,you have nothing else to 
do but go draw water out of the         
fountain1 and when a certain poor woman 
asks you to let her drink1 to give it   
her very civilly4  ,it would be a very  
fine sight1 indeed1 said this ill-bred  
minx1 to see me go draw water6  ,you    
shall go1 hussy1 said the mother1 and   
this minute4 ,so away she went1 but     
grumbling all the way and taking with   
her the best silver tankard in the      
house4  ,she was no sooner at the       
fountain than she saw coming out of the 

wood a lady most gloriously dressed1 who
 came up to her and asked to drink4     
,this was1 you must know1 the very fairy
 who appeared to her sister1 but who had
 now taken the air and dress of a       
princess to see how far this girl's     
rudeness would go4 ,am ,i come hither1  
said the proud1 saucy maid1 to serve you
 with water1 pray8 ,i suppose the silver
 tankard was brought purely for your    
ladyship1 was it8 ,however1 you may     
drink out of it1 if you have a fancy4   
,you are not over and above mannerly1   
answered the fairy1 without putting     
herself in a passion4 ,well1 then1 since
 you have so little breeding and are so 
disobliging1 ,i give you for gift1 that 
at every word you speak there shall come
 out of your mouth a snake or a toad4   
,so soon as her mother saw her coming1  
she cried out1 ,well1 daughter4  ,well1 
mother1 answered the pert hussy1        
throwing out of her mouth two vipers and
 two toads4  ,oh1 mercy6 cried the      
mother1 what is it ,i see8 ,oh1 it is   

that wretch1 her sister1 who has        
occasioned all this2 but she shall pay  
for it2 and immediately she ran to beat 
her4 ,the poor child fled away from her 
and went to hide herself in the forest1 
not far from thence4  ,the king's son1  
then on his return from hunting1 met    
her1 and seeing her so very pretty1     
asked her what she did there alone1 and 
why she cried4 ,alas1 sir6 my mamma has 
turned me out of doors4 ,the king's son1
 who saw five or six pearls1 and as many
 diamonds1 come out of her mouth1       
desired her to tell him how that        
happened4 ,she thereupon told him the   
whole story2 and so the king's son fell 
in love with her2 and1 considering with 
himself that such a gift was worth more 
than any marriage-portion whatsoever in 
another1 he conducted her to the palace 
of the king his father and there married
 her4  ,as for her sister1 she made     
herself so much hated that her own      
mother turned her off2 and the miserable
 girl1 having wandered about a good     

while without finding anybody to take   
her in1 went to a corner in the wood and
 there died4    #afe                    
,cinderella is one of the world's       
greatest         romantic stories4 ,its 
theme is a favorite in         all folk 
literature4 ,young and old alike have   
never tired of hearing of the victories 
won by         the deserving in the face
 of all sorts of         obstacles4     
,perrault in his verse moral observes   
that while beauty is a rare treasure for
 a         woman1 yet a winning manner1 
or personality1 is         worth even   
more4 ,still further1 as if             
conscious of the part influence plays in
 the         world1 he says that while  
it is doubtless a         great         
advantage to have wit and courage1      
breeding and good sense1 and other such 
natural         endowments1 still they  
will be of no earthly         use for   
our advancement unless we have1 to      
bring them into play1 either godfathers 
or         godmothers4 ,one should not1 

however1 take too         seriously any 
moralizing over a fairy story           
whether by ,perrault or another4        
,in one of the most thorough studies of 
a single         folk tale1 ,miss       
,roalfe ,cox's ,cinderella1 with        
an introduction by ,andrew ,lang1 some  
three         hundred and fifty variants
 of the story have         been         
analyzed4 ,the thing that marks a       
,cinderella story is the presence in it 
of the         slipper test4 ,the finest
 versions are those         by ,perrault
 and the ,grimms1 and they are almost   
equally favorites with children4 ,the   
,perrault         form as found in the  
old ,english translation is             
given here for reasons stated by        
,ralston in his         study of the    
,cinderella type3 ,but ,perrault's      
rendering of the tale naturalised it in 
the         polite world1 gave it for   
cultured circles an         attraction  
which it is never likely to lose4 4 4 4 
,it is with human more than with        

mythological         interest that the  
story is replete1 and         therefore 
it appeals to human hearts with a       
force which no lapse of time can        
diminish4 ,such         supernatural    
machinery as is introduced1             
moreover1 has a charm for children which
 older         versions of the tale do  
not possess4 ,the         pumpkin       
carriage1 the rat coachman1 the lizard  
lacqueys1 and all the other properties  
of the         transformation scene1    
appeal at once to the                   
imagination and the sense of humor of   
every         beholder4 7,nineteenth    
,century1 ,november1         #ahgi47    
,,cinderella1 ,,or ,,the ,,little       
,,glass ,,slipper  ,once there was a    
gentleman who married1 for his second   
wife1 the proudest and most haughty     
woman that was ever seen4 ,she had1 by a
 former husband1 two daughters of her   
own humor1 who were indeed exactly like 
her in all things4 ,he had likewise1 by 
another wife1 a young daughter1 but of  

unparalleled goodness and sweetness of  
temper1 which she took from her mother1 
who was the best creature in the world4 
,no sooner were the ceremonies of the   
wedding over but the step-mother began  
to show herself in her colors4 ,she     
could not bear the good qualities of    
this pretty girl2 and the less because  
they made her own daughters appear the  
more odious4 ,she employed her in the   
meanest work of the house2 she scoured  
the dishes and tables1 and cleaned      
madam's room and the rooms of misses1   
her daughters2 she lay up in a sorry    
garret1 upon a wretched straw-bed1 while
 her sisters lay in fine rooms1 with    
floors all inlaid1 upon beds of the very
 newest fashion1 and where they had     
looking-glasses so large that they might
 see themselves at their full length1   
from head to foot4  ,the poor girl bore 
all patiently1 and dared not tell her   
father1 who would have rattled her off1 
for his wife governed him entirely4     
,when she had done her work1 she used to

 go into the chimney corner and sit down
 among cinders and ashes1 which made her
 commonly called ,cinder-wench2 but the 
youngest1 who was not so rude and       
uncivil as the eldest1 called her       
,cinderella4 ,however1 ,cinderella1     
notwithstanding her mean apparel1 was a 
hundred times handsomer than her        
sisters1 though they were always dressed
 very richly4  ,it happened that the    
king's son gave a ball1 and invited all 
persons of fashion to it4 ,our young    
misses were also invited1 for they cut a
 very grand figure among the quality4   
,they were mightily delighted at this   
invitation1 and wonderfully busy in     
choosing out such gowns1 petticoats1 and
 head-clothes as might best become them4
 ,this was a new trouble to ,cinderella1
 for it was she who ironed her sisters' 
linen and plaited their ruffles4 ,they  
talked all day long of nothing but how  
they should be dressed4 ,for my part1   
said the eldest1 ,i will wear my red    
velvet suit with ,french trimmings4     

,and ,i1 said the youngest1 shall only  
have my usual petticoat2 but then1 to   
make amends for that1 ,i will put on my 
gold flowered manteau and my diamond    
stomacher1 which is far from being the  
most ordinary one in the world4 ,they   
sent for the best tire-woman they could 
get to make up their head-dresses1 and  
they had their patches from the very    
best maker4  ,cinderella was likewise   
called up to them to be consulted in all
 these matters1 for she had excellent   
notions and advised them always for the 
best2 nay1 and offered her service to   
dress their heads1 which they were very 
willing she should do4 ,as she was doing
 this1 they said to her1 ,cinderella1   
would you not be glad to go to the ball8
  ,ah6 said she1 you only jeer at me2 it
 is not for such as ,i am to go thither4
  ,thou art in the right of it1 replied 
they2 it would make the people laugh to 
see a cinder-wench at a ball4  ,any one 
but ,cinderella would have dressed their
 heads awry1 but she was very good1 and 

dressed them perfectly well4 ,they were 
almost two days without eating1 so much 
they were transported with joy4 ,they   
broke above a dozen of laces in trying  
to be laced up close1 that they might   
have a fine slender shape1 and they were
 continually at their looking-glass4 ,at
 last the happy day came4 ,they went to 
court1 and ,cinderella followed them    
with her eyes as long as she could1 and 
when she had lost sight of them1 she    
fell a-crying4  ,her godmother1 who saw 
her all in tears1 asked her what was the
 matter4 ,i wish ,i could--,i wish ,i   
could--2 she was not able to speak the  
rest1 being interrupted by her tears and
 sobbing4  ,this godmother of hers1 who 
was a fairy1 said to her1 ,thou wishest 
thou couldest go to the ball4 ,is it not
 so8  ,y--es1 cried ,cinderella with a  
great sigh4  ,well1 said her godmother1 
be but a good girl1 and ,i will contrive
 that thou shalt go4  ,then she took her
 into her chamber and said to her1 ,run 
into the garden and bring me a pumpkin4 

,cinderella went immediately to gather  
the finest she could get1 and brought it
 to her godmother1 not being able to    
imagine how this pumpkin could make her 
go to the ball4 ,her godmother scooped  
out all the inside of it1 having left   
nothing but the rind2 which done1 she   
struck it with her wand1 and the pumpkin
 was instantly turned into a fine coach1
 gilded all over with gold4  ,she then  
went to look into her mouse-trap1 where 
she found six mice1 all alive1 and      
ordered ,cinderella to lift up a little 
the trap-door4 ,then she gave each      
mouse1 as it went out1 a little tap with
 her wand1 and the mouse was that moment
 turned into a fair horse4 ,all together
 the mice made a very fine set of six   
horses of a beautiful mouse-colored     
dapple-gray4 ,being at a loss for a     
coachman1 ,i will go and see1 said      
,cinderella1 if there be never a rat in 
the rat-trap1 that we may make a        
coachman of him4  ,thou art in the      
right1 replied her godmother2 go and    

look4  ,cinderella brought the trap to  
her1 and in it there were three huge    
rats4 ,the fairy made choice of one of  
the three1 which had the largest beard1 
and1 having touched him with her wand1  
he was turned into a fat1 jolly         
coachman1 who had the smartest whiskers 
that eyes ever beheld4  ,after that her 
godmother said to her1 ,go again into   
the garden and you will find six lizards
 behind the watering pot2 bring them to 
me4 ,she had no sooner done so1 than the
 fairy turned them into six footmen1 who
 skipped up immediately behind the      
coach1 with their liveries all bedecked 
with gold and silver1 and clung as close
 behind each other as if they had done  
nothing else their whole lives4 ,the    
fairy then said to ,cinderella1 ,well1  
you see here an equipage fit to go to   
the ball with4 ,are you not pleased with
 it8  ,oh1 yes1 cried she1 but must ,i  
go thither as ,i am1 in these filthy    
rags8 ,her godmother only just touched  
her with her wand1 and at the same      

instant her clothes were turned into    
cloth of gold and silver1 all beset with
 jewels4 ,this done1 she gave her a pair
 of glass slippers1 the prettiest in the
 whole world4  ,being thus decked out1  
she got up into her coach2 but her      
godmother1 above all things1 commanded  
her not to stay till after midnight1    
telling her that if she stayed at the   
ball one moment longer1 her coach would 
be a pumpkin again1 her horses mice1 her
 coachman a rat1 her footmen lizards1   
and her clothes just as they were       
before4  ,she promised her godmother she
 would not fail of leaving the ball     
before midnight2 and then away she      
drives1 scarce able to contain herself  
for joy4 ,the king's son1 who was told  
that a great princess1 whom nobody knew1
 was come1 ran out to receive her4 ,he  
gave her his hand as she alighted from  
the coach1 and led her into the hall    
among all the company4 ,there was       
immediately a profound silence4 ,they   
left off dancing1 and the violins ceased

 to play1 so attentive was every one to 
contemplate the singular beauties of    
this unknown new-comer4 ,nothing was    
then heard but a confused noise of1 ,ha6
 how handsome she is6 ,ha6 how handsome 
she is6 ,the king himself1 old as he    
was1 could not help ogling her and      
telling the queen softly that it was a  
long time since he had seen so beautiful
 and lovely a creature4 ,all the ladies 
were busied in considering her clothes  
and head-dress1 that they might have    
some made next day after the same       
pattern1 provided they could meet with  
such fine materials and as able hands to
 make them4  ,the king's son conducted  
her to the most honorable seat and      
afterwards took her out to dance with   
him4 ,she danced so very gracefully that
 they all more and more admired her4 ,a 
fine collation was served up1 whereof   
the young prince ate not a morsel1 so   
intently was he busied in gazing on her4
 ,she went and sat down by her sisters1 
showing them a thousand civilities1     

giving them part of the oranges and     
citrons which the prince had presented  
her with2 which very much surprised     
them1 for they did not know her4 ,while 
,cinderella was thus amusing her        
sisters1 she heard the clock strike     
eleven and three quarters1 whereupon she
 immediately made a courtesy to the     
company and hasted away as fast as she  
could4  ,being got home1 she ran to seek
 out her godmother2 and having thanked  
her1 she said she could not but heartily
 wish she might go next day to the ball1
 because the king's son had desired her4
 ,as she was eagerly telling her        
godmother whatever had passed at the    
ball1 her two sisters knocked at the    
door1 which ,cinderella ran and opened4 
,how long you have stayed6 cried she1   
gaping1 rubbing her eyes1 and stretching
 herself as if she had been just        
awakened out of her sleep2 she had not1 
however1 any manner of inclination to   
sleep since they went from home4  ,if   
thou hadst been at the ball1 said one of

 her sisters1 thou wouldest not have    
been tired with it4 ,there came thither 
the finest princess1 the most beautiful 
ever seen with mortal eyes4 ,she showed 
us a thousand civilities and gave us    
oranges and citrons4 ,cinderella seemed 
very indifferent in the matter2 indeed1 
she asked them the name of the princess1
 but they told her they did not know it 
and that the king's son was very uneasy 
on her account and would give all the   
world to know who she was4  ,at this    
,cinderella1 smiling1 replied1 ,she must
 then be very beautiful indeed6 ,how    
happy have you been6 ,could not ,i see  
her8 ,ah6 dear ,miss ,charlotte1 do lend
 me your yellow suit of clothes1 which  
you wear every day4  ,ay1 to be sure1   
cried ,miss ,charlotte1 lend my clothes 
to such a dirty cinder-wench as thou    
art6 ,who's the fool then8 ,cinderella  
indeed expected some such answer and was
 very glad of the refusal1 for she would
 have been sadly put to it if her sister
 had lent her what she asked for        

jestingly4  ,the next day the two       
sisters were at the ball1 and so was    
,cinderella1 but dressed more           
magnificently than before4 ,the king's  
son was always by her side and never    
ceased his compliments and amorous      
speeches to her2 to whom all this was so
 far from being tiresome that she quite 
forgot what her godmother had           
recommended to her1 so that she at last 
counted the clock striking twelve when  
she took it to be no more than eleven4  
,she then rose up and fled as nimble as 
a deer4 ,the prince followed1 but could 
not overtake her4 ,she left behind one  
of her glass slippers1 which the prince 
took up most carefully4 ,she got home1  
but quite out of breath1 without coach  
or footmen1 and in her old cinder       
clothes1 having nothing left of all her 
finery but one of the little slippers1  
fellow to that she dropped4 ,the guards 
at the palace gate were asked if they   
had not seen a princess go out4 ,they   
said they had seen nobody go out but a  

young girl very meanly dressed1 who had 
more the air of a poor country wench    
than a gentlewoman4  ,when the two      
sisters returned from the ball1         
,cinderella asked them if they had been 
well diverted and if the fine lady had  
been there4 ,they told her yes1 but that
 she hurried away immediately when it   
struck twelve and with so much haste    
that she dropped one of her little glass
 slippers1 the prettiest in the world1  
which the king's son had taken up2 that 
he had done nothing but look at her all 
the time of the ball1 and that most     
certainly he was very much in love with 
the beautiful person who owned the      
little glass slipper4  ,what they said  
was very true1 for a few days after1 the
 king's son caused to be proclaimed by  
sound of trumpets that he would marry   
her whose foot this slipper would just  
fit4 ,they whom he employed began to try
 it on upon the princesses1 then the    
duchesses1 and all the court1 but in    
vain4 ,it was brought to the two        

sisters1 who did all they possibly could
 to thrust their foot into the slipper1 
but they could not effect it4           
,cinderella1 who saw all this and knew  
her slipper1 said to them1 laughing1    
,let me see if it will not fit me6  ,her
 sisters burst out laughing and began to
 banter her4 ,the gentleman who was sent
 to try the slipper looked earnestly at 
,cinderella1 and finding her very       
handsome1 said it was but just that she 
should try1 and that he had orders to   
let every one make trial4 ,he obliged   
,cinderella to sit down1 and putting the
 slipper to her foot1 he found it went  
in very easily and fitted her as if it  
had been made of wax4 ,the astonishment 
her two sisters were in was excessively 
great1 but still abundantly greater when
 ,cinderella pulled out of her pocket   
the other slipper and put it on her     
foot4 ,thereupon in came her godmother1 
who having touched1 with her wand1      
,cinderella's clothes1 made them richer 
and more magnificent than any of those  

she had before4  ,and now her two       
sisters found her to be that fine       
beautiful lady whom they had seen at the
 ball4 ,they threw themselves at her    
feet to beg pardon for all the ill      
treatment they had made her undergo4    
,cinderella took them up1 and as she    
embraced them1 cried that she forgave   
them with all her heart and desired them
 always to love her4 ,she was conducted 
to the young prince1 dressed as she was4
 ,he thought her more charming than     
ever1 and a few days after1 married her4
 ,cinderella1 who was no less good than 
beautiful1 gave her two sisters lodgings
 in the palace1 and that very same day  
matched them with two great lords of the
 court4    #aff          ,the hero of   
the next story is often known as        
,drakesbill1 which easily becomes ,bill 
,drake4         ,the version that       
follows is a translation from           
the ,french of ,charles ,marelles as    
given by ,lang         in his ,red      
,fairy ,book4 ,it has a raciness not    

in those softened versions in which one 
friend         gets into a pocket1      
another under a wing1 and         so on4
 ,the persistent energy of the little   
hero1 his resourcefulness in difficulty1
 his         loyal friends1 the         
unexpected honor that comes         as  
recognition of his success1 the humor   
that         pervades every character   
and incident1 make         this one of  
the most delightful of children's       
stories4   ,,drakestail  ,drakestail was
 very little1 that is why he was called 
,drakestail2 but tiny as he was he had  
brains1 and he knew what he was about1  
for having begun with nothing he ended  
by amassing a hundred crowns4 ,now the  
king of the country1 who was very       
extravagant and never kept any money1   
having heard that ,drakestail had some1 
went one day in his own person to borrow
 his hoard1 and1 my word1 in those days 
,drakestail was not a little proud of   
having lent money to the king4 ,but     
after the first and second year1 seeing 

that he never even dreamed of paying the
 interest1 he became uneasy1 so much so 
that at last he resolved to go and see  
his majesty himself1 and get repaid4 ,so
 one fine morning ,drakestail1 very     
spruce and fresh1 takes the road1       
singing3 ,quack1 quack1 quack1 when     
shall ,i get my money back8  ,he had not
 gone far when he met friend ,fox1 on   
his rounds that way4  ,good-morning1    
neighbor1 says the friend2 where are you
 off to so early8  ,i am going to the   
king for what he owes me4  ,oh6 take me 
with thee6  ,drakestail said to himself3
 ,one can't have too many friends4      
,aloud says he1 ,i will1 but going on   
all fours you will soon be tired4 ,make 
yourself quite small1 get into my       
throat--go into my gizzard1 and ,i will 
carry you4  ,happy thought6 says friend 
,fox4  ,he takes bag and baggage1 and1  
presto6 is gone like a letter into the  
post4  ,and ,drakestail is off again1   
all spruce and fresh1 still singing3    
,quack1 quack1 quack1 when shall ,i have

 my money back8  ,he had not gone far   
when he met his lady friend1 ,ladder1   
leaning on her wall4  ,good-morning1 my 
duckling1 says the lady friend1 whither 
away so bold8  ,i am going to the king  
for what he owes me4  ,oh6 take me with 
thee6  ,drakestail said to himself3 ,one
 can't have too many friends4 ,aloud    
says he3 ,i will1 but then with your    
wooden legs you will soon be tired4     
,make yourself quite small1 get into my 
throat--go into my gizzard1 and ,i will 
carry you4  ,happy thought6 says my     
friend ,ladder1 and nimble1 bag and     
baggage1 goes to keep company with      
friend ,fox4  ,and ,quack1 quack1 quack1
 ,drakestail is off again1 singing and  
spruce as before4 ,a little further he  
meets his sweetheart1 my friend ,river1 
wandering quietly in the sunshine4      
,thou1 my cherub1 says she1 whither so  
lonesome1 with arching tail1 on this    
muddy road8  ,i am going to the king1   
you know1 for what he owes me4  ,oh6    
take me with thee6  ,drakestail said to 

himself3 ,one can't have too many       
friends4 ,aloud says he3 ,i will1 but   
you who sleep while you walk will soon  
get tired4 ,make yourself quite small1  
get into my throat--go into my gizzard1 
and ,i will carry you4  ,ah6 happy      
thought6 says my friend ,river4  ,she   
takes bag and baggage1 and glou1 glou1  
glou she takes her place between friend 
,fox and my friend ,ladder4  ,and       
,quack1 quack1 quack1 ,drakestail is off
 again singing4  ,a little further on he
 meets comrade ,wasp's-nest1 maneuvering
 his wasps4  ,well1 good-morning1 friend
 ,drakestail1 said comrade ,wasp's-nest1
 where are we bound for1 so spruce and  
fresh8  ,i am going to the king for what
 he owes me4  ,oh6 take me with thee6   
,drakestail said to himself1 ,one can't 
have too many friends4 ,aloud says he3  
,i will1 but then with your battalion to
 drag along1 you will soon be tired4    
,make yourself quite small1 go into my  
throat--get into my gizzard1 and ,i will
 carry you4  ,by ,jove6 that's a good   

idea6 says comrade ,wasp's-nest4  ,and  
left file6 he takes the same road to    
join the others with all his party4     
,there was not much room1 but by closing
 up a bit they managed4 ,and ,drakestail
 is off again singing4  ,he arrived thus
 at the capital1 and threaded his way   
straight up the ,high ,street1 still    
running and singing1 ,quack1 quack1     
quack1 when shall ,i get my money back8 
to the great astonishment of the good   
folks1 till he came to the king's       
palace4  ,he strikes with the knocker3  
,toc6 toc6  ,who is there8 asks the     
porter1 putting his head out of the     
wicket4  ',tis ,i1 ,drakestail4 ,i wish 
to speak to the king4  ,speak to the    
king6 ,that's easily said4 ,the king is 
dining1 and will not be disturbed4      
,tell him that it is ,i1 and ,i have    
come he well knows why4  ,the porter    
shuts his wicket and goes up to say it  
to the king1 who was just sitting down  
to dinner with a napkin round his neck1 
and all his ministers4  ,good1 good6    

said the king1 laughing4 ,i know what it
 is6 ,make him come in1 and put him with
 the turkeys and chickens4  ,the porter 
descends4  ,have the goodness to enter4 
,good6 says ,drakestail to himself1 ,i  
shall now see how they eat at court4    
,this way1 this way1 says the porter4   
,one step further4 ,there1 there you    
are4  ,how8 what8 in the poultry-yard8  
,fancy how vexed ,drakestail was6  ,ah6 
so that's it1 says he4 ,wait6 ,i will   
compel you to receive me4 ,quack1 quack1
 quack1 when shall ,i get my money back8
 ,but turkeys and chickens are creatures
 who don't like people that are not as  
themselves4 ,when they saw the new-comer
 and how he was made1 and when they     
heard him crying too1 they began to look
 black at him4  ,what is it8 ,what does 
he want8  ,finally they rushed at him   
all together1 to overwhelm him with     
pecks4  ,i am lost6 said ,drakestail to 
himself1 when by good luck he remembers 
his comrade friend ,fox1 and he cries3  
,reynard1 ,reynard1 come out of your    

earth1          ,or ,drakestail's life  
is of little worth4  ,then friend ,fox1 
who was only waiting for these words1   
hastens out1 throws himself on the      
wicked fowls1 and quick6 quack6 he tears
 them to pieces2 so much so that at the 
end of five minutes there was not one   
left alive4 ,and ,drakestail1 quite     
content1 began to sing again1 ,quack1   
quack1 quack1 when shall ,i get my money
 back8  ,when the king1 who was still at
 table1 heard this refrain1 and the     
poultry-woman came to tell him what had 
been going on in the yard1 he was       
terribly annoyed4  ,he ordered them to  
throw this tail of a drake into the     
well1 to make an end of him4  ,and it   
was done as he commanded4 ,drakestail   
was in despair of getting himself out of
 such a deep hole1 when he remembered   
his lady friend ,ladder4                
,ladder1 ,ladder1 come out of thy hold1 
,or ,drakestail's days will soon be     
told4  ,my friend ,ladder1 who was only 
waiting for these words1 hastens out1   

leans her two arms on the edge of the   
well2 then ,drakestail climbs nimbly on 
her back1 and hop6 he is in the yard1   
where he begins to sing louder than     
ever4  ,when the king1 who was still at 
table and laughing at the good trick he 
had played his creditor1 heard him again
 reclaiming his money1 he became livid  
with rage4  ,he commanded that the      
furnace should be heated1 and this tail 
of a drake thrown into it1 because he   
must be a sorcerer4  ,the furnace was   
soon hot1 but this time ,drakestail was 
not so afraid2 he counted on his        
sweetheart1 my friend ,river4           
,river1 ,river1 outward flow1           
,or to death ,drakestail must go4  ,my  
friend ,river hastens out1 and errouf6  
throws herself into the furnace1 which  
she floods1 with all the people who had 
lighted it2 after which she flowed      
growling into the hall of the palace to 
the height of more than four feet4  ,and
 ,drakestail1 quite content1 begins to  
swim1 singing deafeningly1 ,quack1      

quack1 quack1 when shall ,i get my money
 back8  ,the king was still at table1   
and thought himself quite sure of his   
game2 but when he heard ,drakestail     
singing again1 and when they told him   
all that had passed1 he became furious  
and got up from the table brandishing   
his fists4  ,bring him here1 and ,i'll  
cut his throat6 ,bring him here quick6  
cried he4  ,and quickly two footmen ran 
to fetch ,drakestail4  ,at last1 said   
the poor chap1 going up the great       
stairs1 they have decided to receive me4
  ,imagine his terror when on entering  
he sees the king as red as a turkey     
cock1 and all his ministers attending   
him standing sword in hand4 ,he thought 
this time it was all up with him4       
,happily he remembered that there was   
still one remaining friend1 and he cried
 with dying accents3          ,wasp's   
nest1 ,wasp's nest1 make a sally1       
,or ,drakestail nevermore may rally4    
,hereupon the scene changes4  ,bs1 bs1  
bayonet them6 ,the brave ,wasp's-nest   

rushes out with all his wasps4 ,they    
threw themselves on the infuriated king 
and his ministers1 and stung them so    
fiercely in the face that they lost     
their heads1 and not knowing where to   
hide themselves they all jumped         
pell-mell from the window and broke     
their necks on the pavement4  ,behold   
,drakestail much astonished1 all alone  
in the big saloon and master of the     
field4 ,he could not get over it4       
,nevertheless1 he remembered shortly    
what he had come for to the palace1 and 
improving the occasion1 he set to work  
to hunt for his dear money4 ,but in vain
 he rummaged in all the drawers2 he     
found nothing2 all had been spent4  ,and
 ferreting thus from room to room he    
came at last to the one with the throne 
in it1 and feeling fatigued1 he sat     
himself down on it to think over his    
adventure4 ,in the meanwhile the people 
had found their king and his ministers  
with their feet in the air on the       
pavement1 and they had gone into the    

palace to know how it had occurred4 ,on 
entering the throne-room1 when the crowd
 saw that there was already someone on  
the royal seat1 they broke out in cries 
of surprise and joy3          ,the ,king
 is dead1 long live the ,king6          
,heaven has sent us down this thing4    
,drakestail1 who was no longer surprised
 at anything1 received the acclamations 
of the people as if he had never done   
anything else all his life4  ,a few of  
them certainly murmured that a          
,drakestail would make a fine king2     
those who knew him replied that a       
knowing ,drakestail was a more worthy   
king than a spendthrift like him who was
 lying on the pavement4 ,in short1 they 
ran and took the crown off the head of  
the deceased1 and placed it on that of  
,drakestail1 whom it fitted like wax4   
,thus he became king4  ,and now1 said he
 after the ceremony1 ladies and         
gentlemen1 let's go to supper4 ,i am so 
hungry6    #afg          ,the story of  
,beauty and the ,beast1 while very      

old in its ruder forms1 is known to us  
in a         fine version which comes   
from the middle of the                  
eighteenth century4 ,madame de          
,villeneuve1 a         ,french writer of
 some note and a follower of            
,perrault in the field of the fairy     
tale1         published in #agdj a      
collection of stories         7,contes  
,marins7 supposed to be told by an old  
woman during a voyage to ,st4 ,domingo4 
,among         these was ,beauty and the
 ,beast in a         long-winded style  
extending to more than #bej             
pages4 ,in #ageg1 a greatly abridged    
form of this         version was        
published by ,madame de ,beaumont1      
who was then living in ,england and who 
wrote         many spirited tales       
designed for children4 ,her             
stories are full of the didactic        
element1 and         ,beauty and the    
,beast is no exception to the           
rule4 ,these edifying commonplaces1     
however1         are so sound and fit   

into the story so         naturally that
 the reader does not suffer from        
their presence4 ,the artificial         
character of the         story is easily
 felt in contrast to the natural        
qualities of a folk version4 ,the plot  
has all         the perfection of a     
finished piece of literary         art1 
and for this quality especially ,madame 
de         ,beaumont's abridgement has  
always been heartily         and rightly
 admired4   ,,beauty ,,and ,,the ,,beast
  ,once upon a time1 in a far-off       
country1 there lived a merchant who had 
been so fortunate in all his            
undertakings that he was enormously     
rich4 ,as he had1 however1 six sons and 
six daughters1 he found that his money  
was not too much to let them have       
everything they fancied1 as they were   
accustomed to do4  ,but one day a most  
unexpected misfortune befell them4      
,their house caught fire and was        
speedily burned to the ground1 with all 
the splendid furniture1 the books1      

pictures1 gold1 silver1 and precious    
goods it contained2 and this was only   
the beginning of their troubles4 ,their 
father1 who had until this moment       
prospered in all ways1 suddenly lost    
every ship he had upon the sea1 either  
by dint of pirates1 shipwreck1 or fire4 
,then he heard that his clerks in       
distant countries1 whom he had trusted  
entirely1 had proved unfaithful1 and at 
last from great wealth he fell into     
direst poverty4  ,all that he had left  
was a little house in a desolate place  
at least a hundred leagues from the town
 in which he had lived1 and to this he  
was forced to retreat with his children1
 who were in despair at the idea of     
leading such a different life4 ,indeed1 
the daughters at first hoped that their 
friends1 who had been so numerous while 
they were rich1 would insist on their   
staying in their houses now they no     
longer possessed one4 ,but they soon    
found that they were left alone1 and    
that their former friends even          

attributed their misfortunes to their   
own extravagance1 and showed no         
intention of offering them any help4 ,so
 nothing was left for them but to take  
their departure to the cottage1 which   
stood in the midst of a dark forest1 and
 seemed to be the most dismal place upon
 the face of the earth4  ,as they were  
too poor to have any servants1 the girls
 had to work hard1 like peasants1 and   
the sons1 for their part1 cultivated the
 fields to earn their living4 ,roughly  
clothed1 and living in the simplest way1
 the girls regretted unceasingly the    
luxuries and amusements of their former 
life2 only the youngest tried to be     
brave and cheerful4 ,she had been as sad
 as anyone when the misfortune first    
overtook her father1 but1 soon          
recovering her natural gayety1 she set  
to work to make the best of things1 to  
amuse her father and brothers as well as
 she could1 and to try to persuade her  
sisters to join her in dancing and      
singing4 ,but they would do nothing of  

the sort1 and because she was not as    
doleful as themselves they declared that
 this miserable life was all she was fit
 for4 ,but she was really far prettier  
and cleverer than they were2 indeed1 she
 was so lovely that she was always      
called ,beauty4 ,after two years1 when  
they were all beginning to get used to  
their new life1 something happened to   
disturb their tranquillity4 ,their      
father received the news that one of his
 ships1 which he had believed to be     
lost1 had come safely into port with a  
rich cargo4  ,all the sons and daughters
 at once thought that their poverty was 
at an end and wanted to set out directly
 for the town1 but their father1 who was
 more prudent1 begged them to wait a    
little1 and though it was harvest-time  
and he could ill be spared1 determined  
to go himself first to make inquiries4  
,only the youngest daughter had any     
doubt but that they would soon be as    
rich as they were before1 or at least   
rich enough to live comfortably in some 

town where they would find amusement and
 gay companions once more4 ,so they all 
loaded their father with commissions for
 jewels and dresses which it would have 
taken a fortune to buy2 only ,beauty1   
feeling sure that it was of no use1 did 
not ask for anything4 ,her father1      
noticing her silence1 said3 ,and what   
shall ,i bring for you1 ,beauty8  ,the  
only thing ,i wish for is to see you    
come home safely1 she answered4  ,but   
this reply vexed her sisters1 who       
fancied she was blaming them for having 
asked for such costly things4 ,her      
father was pleased1 but as he thought   
that at her age she certainly ought to  
like pretty presents1 he told her to    
choose something4  ,well1 dear father1  
said she1 as you insist upon it1 ,i beg 
that you will bring me a rose4 ,i have  
not seen one since we came here1 and ,i 
love them so much4  ,so the merchant set
 out and reached the town as quickly as 
possible1 but only to find that his     
former companions1 believing him to be  

dead1 had divided between them the goods
 which the ship had brought2 and after  
six months of trouble and expense he    
found himself as poor as when he        
started1 having been able to recover    
only just enough to pay the cost of the 
journey4 ,to make matters worse1 he was 
obliged to leave the town in terrible   
weather1 so that by the time he was     
within a few leagues of his home he was 
almost exhausted with cold and fatigue4 
,though he knew it would take some hours
 to get through the forest1 he was so   
anxious to be at his journey's end that 
he resolved to go on2 but night overtook
 him1 and the deep snow and bitter frost
 made it impossible for his horse to    
carry him any further4 ,not a house was 
to be seen4 ,the only shelter he could  
get was the hollow trunk of a great     
tree1 and there he crouched all the     
night1 which seemed to him the longest  
he had ever known4 ,in spite of his     
weariness the howling of the wolves kept
 him awake1 and even when at last the   

day broke he was not much better off1   
for the falling snow had covered up     
every path and he did not know which way
 to turn4  ,at length he made out some  
sort of track1 and though at the        
beginning it was so rough and slippery  
that he fell down more than once1 it    
presently became easier and led him into
 an avenue of trees which ended in a    
splendid castle4 ,it seemed to the      
merchant very strange that no snow had  
fallen in the avenue1 which was entirely
 composed of orange-trees1 covered with 
flowers and fruit4 ,when he reached the 
first court of the castle he saw before 
him a flight of agate steps1 and went up
 them and passed through several        
splendidly furnished rooms4 ,the        
pleasant warmth of the air revived him  
and he felt very hungry2 but there      
seemed to be nobody in all this vast and
 splendid palace whom he could ask to   
give him something to eat4 ,deep silence
 reigned everywhere1 and at last1 tired 
of roaming through empty rooms and      

galleries1 he stopped in a room smaller 
than the rest1 where a clear fire was   
burning and a couch was drawn up cozily1
 close to it4 ,thinking that this must  
be prepared for some one who was        
expected1 he sat down to wait till he   
should come and very soon fell into a   
sweet sleep4  ,when his extreme hunger  
wakened him after several hours he was  
still alone1 but a little table1 upon   
which was a good dinner1 had been drawn 
up close to him1 and as he had eaten    
nothing for twenty-four hours he lost no
 time in beginning his meal1 hoping that
 he might soon have an opportunity of   
thanking his considerate entertainer1   
whoever it might be4 ,but no one        
appeared1 and even after another long   
sleep1 from which he awoke completely   
refreshed1 there was no sign of anybody1
 though a fresh meal of dainty cakes and
 fruit was prepared upon a little table 
at his elbow4 ,being naturally timid1   
the silence began to terrify him1 and he
 resolved to search once more through   

all the rooms2 but it was of no use4    
,not even a servant was to be seen2     
there was no sign of life in the palace6
 ,he began to wonder what he should do1 
and to amuse himself by pretending that 
all the treasures he saw were his own1  
and considering how he would divide them
 among his children4 ,then he went down 
into the garden1 and though it was      
winter everywhere else1 here the sun    
shone1 and the birds sang1 and the      
flowers bloomed1 and the air was soft   
and sweet4 ,the merchant1 in ecstasies  
with all he saw and heard1 said to      
himself3  ,all this must be meant for   
me4 ,i will go this minute and bring my 
children to share all these delights4   
,in spite of being so cold and weary    
when he reached the castle1 he had taken
 his horse to the stable and fed it4    
,now he thought he would saddle it for  
his homeward journey1 and he turned down
 the path which led to the stable4 ,this
 path had a hedge of roses on each side 
of it1 and the merchant thought he had  

never seen or smelled such exquisite    
flowers4 ,they reminded him of his      
promise to ,beauty1 and he stopped and  
had just gathered one to take to her    
when he was startled by a strange noise 
behind him4 ,turning round he saw a     
frightful beast1 which seemed to be very
 angry and said in a terrible voice3    
,who told you that you might gather my  
roses8 ,was it not enough that ,i       
allowed you to be in my palace and was  
kind to you8 ,this is the way you show  
your gratitude1 by stealing my flowers6 
,but your insolence shall not go        
unpunished4  ,the merchant1 terrified by
 these furious words1 dropped the fatal 
rose1 and throwing himself on his knees 
cried3 ,pardon me1 noble sir4 ,i am     
truly grateful to you for your          
hospitality1 which was so magnificent   
that ,i could not imagine that you would
 be offended by my taking such a little 
thing as a rose4 ,but the beast's anger 
was not lessened by this speech4  ,you  
are very ready with excuses and         

flattery1 he cried2 but that will not   
save you from the death you deserve4    
,alas6 thought the merchant1 if my      
daughter ,beauty could only know what   
danger her rose has brought me into6    
,and in despair be began to tell the    
beast all his misfortunes and the reason
 of his journey1 not forgetting to      
mention ,beauty's request4  ,a king's   
ransom would hardly have procured all   
that my other daughters asked1 he said1 
but ,i thought that ,i might at least   
take ,beauty her rose4 ,i beg you to    
forgive me1 for you see ,i meant no     
harm4  ,the beast considered for a      
moment1 and then he said in a less      
furious tone3  ,i will forgive you on   
one condition--that is1 that you will   
give me one of your daughters4  ,ah6    
cried the merchant1 if ,i were cruel    
enough to buy my own life at the expense
 of one of my children's1 what excuse   
could ,i invent to bring her here8  ,no 
excuse would be necessary1 answered the 
beast4 ,if she comes at all she must    

come willingly4 ,on no other condition  
will ,i have her4 ,see if any one of    
them is courageous enough and loves you 
well enough to come and save your life4 
,you seem to be an honest man1 so ,i    
will trust you to go home4 ,i give you a
 month to see if either of your         
daughters will come back with you and   
stay here1 to let you go free4 ,if      
neither of them is willing you must come
 alone1 after bidding them good-by      
forever1 for then you will belong to me4
 ,and do not imagine that you can hide  
from me1 for if you fail to keep your   
word ,i will come and fetch you6 added  
the beast grimly4  ,the merchant        
accepted this proposal1 though he did   
not really think any of his daughters   
would be persuaded to come4 ,he promised
 to return at the time appointed1 and   
then1 anxious to escape from the        
presence of the beast1 he asked         
permission to set off at once4 ,but the 
beast answered that he could not go     
until the next day4  ,then you will find

 a horse ready for you1 he said4 ,now go
 and eat your supper and await my       
orders4  ,the poor merchant1 more dead  
than alive1 went back to his room1 where
 the most delicious supper was already  
served on the little table which was    
drawn up before a blazing fire4 ,but he 
was too terrified to eat1 and only      
tasted a few of the dishes1 for fear the
 beast should be angry if he did not    
obey his orders4 ,when he had finished  
he heard a great noise in the next room1
 which he knew meant that the beast was 
coming4 ,as he could do nothing to      
escape his visit1 the only thing that   
remained was to seem as little afraid as
 possible2 so when the beast appeared   
and asked roughly if he had supped well1
 the merchant answered humbly that he   
had1 thanks to his host's kindness4     
,then the beast warned him to remember  
their agreement and to prepare his      
daughter exactly for what she had to    
expect4  ,do not get up to-morrow1 he   
added1 until you see the sun and hear a 

golden bell ring4 ,then you will find   
your breakfast waiting for you here1 and
 the horse you are to ride will be ready
 in the court-yard4 ,he will also bring 
you back again when you come with your  
daughter a month hence4 ,farewell4 ,take
 a rose to ,beauty1 and remember your   
promise4  ,the merchant was only too    
glad when the beast went away1 and      
though he could not sleep for sadness1  
he lay down until the sun rose4 ,then1  
after a hasty breakfast1 he went to     
gather ,beauty's rose and mounted his   
horse1 which carried him off so swiftly 
that in an instant he had lost sight of 
the palace1 and he was still wrapped in 
gloomy thoughts when it stopped before  
the door of the cottage4  ,his sons and 
daughters1 who had been very uneasy at  
his long absence1 rushed to meet him1   
eager to know the result of his journey1
 which1 seeing him mounted upon a       
splendid horse and wrapped in a rich    
mantle1 they supposed to be favorable4  
,but he hid the truth from them at      

first1 only saying sadly to ,beauty as  
he gave her the rose3  ,here is what you
 asked me to bring you4 ,you little know
 what it has cost4  ,but this excited   
their curiosity so greatly that         
presently he told them his adventures   
from beginning to end1 and then they    
were all very unhappy4 ,the girls       
lamented loudly over their lost hopes1  
and the sons declared that their father 
should not return to this terrible      
castle1 and began to make plans for     
killing the beast if it should come to  
fetch him4 ,but he reminded them that he
 had promised to go back4 ,then the     
girls were very angry with ,beauty and  
said it was all her fault1 and that if  
she had asked for something sensible    
this would never have happened1 and     
complained bitterly that they should    
have to suffer for her folly4  ,poor    
,beauty1 much distressed1 said to them3 
,i have indeed caused this misfortune1  
but ,i assure you ,i did it innocently4 
,who could have guessed that to ask for 

a rose in the middle of summer would    
cause so much misery8 ,but as ,i did the
 mischief it is only just that ,i should
 suffer for it4 ,i will therefore go    
back with my father to keep his promise4
  ,at first nobody would hear of this   
arrangement1 and her father and         
brothers1 who loved her dearly1 declared
 that nothing should make them let her  
go2 but ,beauty was firm4 ,as the time  
drew near she divided all her little    
possessions between her sisters and said
 good-by to everything she loved1 and   
when the fatal day came she encouraged  
and cheered her father as they mounted  
together the horse which had brought him
 back4 ,it seemed to fly rather than    
gallop1 but so smoothly that ,beauty was
 not frightened2 indeed1 she would have 
enjoyed the journey if she had not      
feared what might happen to her at the  
end of it4 ,her father still tried to   
persuade her to go back1 but in vain4   
,while they were talking the night fell1
 and then1 to their surprise1 wonderful 

colored lights began to shine in all    
directions1 and splendid fireworks      
blazed out before them4 ,all the forest 
was illuminated by them1 and even felt  
pleasantly warm1 though it had been     
bitterly cold before4 ,this lasted until
 they reached the avenue of             
orange-trees1 where were statues holding
 flaming torches1 and when they got     
nearer to the palace they saw that it   
was illuminated from the roof to the    
ground1 and music sounded softly from   
the court-yard4 ,the beast must be very 
hungry1 said ,beauty1 trying to laugh1  
if he makes all this rejoicing over the 
arrival of his prey4  ,but in spite of  
her anxiety she could not help admiring 
all the wonderful things she saw4  ,the 
horse stopped at the foot of the flight 
of steps leading to the terrace1 and    
when they had dismounted her father led 
her to the little room he had been in   
before1 where they found a splendid fire
 burning and the table daintily spread  
with a delicious supper4  ,the merchant 

knew that this was meant for them1 and  
,beauty1 who was rather less frightened 
now that she had passed through so many 
rooms and seen nothing of the beast1 was
 quite willing to begin1 for her long   
ride had made her very hungry4 ,but they
 had hardly finished their meal when the
 noise of the beast's footsteps was     
heard approaching1 and ,beauty clung to 
her father in terror1 which became all  
the greater when she saw how frightened 
he was4 ,but when the beast really      
appeared1 though she trembled at the    
sight of him1 she made a great effort to
 hide her horror and saluted him        
respectfully4  ,this evidently pleased  
the beast4 ,after looking at her he     
said1 in a tone that might have struck  
terror into the boldest heart1 though he
 did not seem to be angry3              
,good-evening1 old man4 ,good-evening1  
,beauty4  ,the merchant was too         
terrified to reply1 but ,beauty answered
 sweetly3  ,good-evening1 beast4  ,have 
you come willingly8 asked the beast4    

,will you be content to stay here when  
your father goes away8  ,beauty answered
 bravely that she was quite prepared to 
stay4  ,i am pleased with you1 said the 
beast4 ,as you have come of your own    
accord1 you may stay4 ,as for you1 old  
man1 he added1 turning to the merchant1 
at sunrise to-morrow you will take your 
departure4 ,when the bell rings get up  
quickly and eat your breakfast1 and you 
will find the same horse waiting to take
 you home2 but remember that you must   
never expect to see my palace again4    
,then turning to ,beauty he said3  ,take
 your father into the next room and help
 him to choose everything you think your
 brothers and sisters would like to     
have4 ,you will find two                
traveling-trunks there2 fill them as    
full as you can4 ,it is only just that  
you should send them something very     
precious as a remembrance of yourself4  
,then he went away after saying1        
,good-by1 ,beauty2 good-by1 old man2 and
 though ,beauty was beginning to think  

with great dismay of her father's       
departure1 she was afraid to disobey the
 beast's orders1 and they went into the 
next room1 which had shelves and        
cupboards all round it4 ,they were      
greatly surprised at the riches it      
contained4 ,there were splendid dresses 
fit for a queen1 with all the ornaments 
that were to be worn with them2 and when
 ,beauty opened the cupboards she was   
quite dazzled by the gorgeous jewels    
that lay in heaps upon every shelf4     
,after choosing a vast quantity1 which  
she divided between her sisters--for she
 made a heap of the wonderful dresses   
for each of them--she opened the last   
chest1 which was full of gold4  ,i      
think1 father1 she said1 that as the    
gold will be more useful to you we had  
better take out the other things again  
and fill the trunks with it4 ,so they   
did this2 but the more they put in the  
more room there seemed to be1 and at    
last they put back all the jewels and   
dresses they had taken out1 and ,beauty 

even added as many more of the jewels as
 she could carry at once2 and then the  
trunks were not too full1 but they were 
so heavy that an elephant could not have
 carried them6  ,the beast was mocking  
us1 cried the merchant4 ,he must have   
pretended to give us all these things1  
knowing that ,i could not carry them    
away4  ,let us wait and see1 answered   
,beauty4 ,i cannot believe that he meant
 to deceive us4 ,all we can do is to    
fasten them up and leave them ready4    
,so they did this and returned to the   
little room1 where1 to their            
astonishment1 they found breakfast      
ready4 ,the merchant ate his with a good
 appetite1 as the beast's generosity    
made him believe that he might perhaps  
venture to come back soon and see       
,beauty4 ,but she felt sure that her    
father was leaving her forever1 so she  
was very sad when the bell rang sharply 
for the second time and warned them that
 the time had come for them to part4    
,they went down into the court-yard1    

where two horses were waiting1 one      
loaded with the two trunks1 the other   
for him to ride4 ,they were pawing the  
ground in their impatience to start1    
and1 the merchant was forced to bid     
,beauty a hasty farewell2 and as soon as
 he was mounted he went off at such a   
pace that she lost sight of him in an   
instant4  ,then ,beauty began to cry and
 wandered back to her own room4 ,but she
 soon found that she was very sleepy1   
and as she had nothing better to do she 
lay down and instantly fell asleep4 ,and
 then she dreamed that she was walking  
by a brook bordered with trees and      
lamenting her sad fate1 when a young    
prince1 handsomer than anyone she had   
ever seen1 and with a voice that went   
straight to her heart1 came and said to 
her3 ,ah1 ,beauty6 you are not so       
unfortunate as you suppose4 ,here you   
will be rewarded for all you have       
suffered elsewhere4 ,your every wish    
shall be gratified4 ,only try to find me
 out1 no matter how ,i may be disguised1

 as ,i love you dearly1 and in making me
 happy you will find your own happiness4
 ,be as true-hearted as you are         
beautiful1 and we shall have nothing    
left to wish for4  ,what can ,i do1     
prince1 to make you happy8 said ,beauty4
  ,only be grateful1 he answered1 and do
 not trust too much to your eyes4 ,and  
above all1 do not desert me until you   
have saved me from my cruel misery4     
,after this she thought she found       
herself in a room with a stately and    
beautiful lady1 who said to her3  ,dear 
,beauty1 try not to regret all you have 
left behind you1 for you are destined to
 a better fate4 ,only do not let        
yourself be deceived by appearances4    
,beauty found her dreams so interesting 
that she was in no hurry to awake1 but  
presently the clock roused her by       
calling her name softly twelve times1   
and then she got up and found her       
dressing-table set out with everything  
she could possibly want2 and when her   
toilet was finished she found dinner was

 waiting in the room next to hers4 ,but 
dinner does not take very long when you 
are all by yourself1 and very soon she  
sat down cozily in the corner of a sofa 
and began to think about the charming   
prince she had seen in her dream4  ,he  
said ,i could make him happy1 said      
,beauty to herself4 ,it seems1 then1    
that this horrible beast keeps him a    
prisoner4 ,how can ,i set him free8 ,i  
wonder why they both told me not to     
trust to appearances4 ,i don't          
understand it4 ,but after all it is only
 a dream1 so why should ,i trouble      
myself about it8 ,i had better go and   
find something to do to amuse myself4   
,so she got up and began to explore some
 of the many rooms of the palace4  ,the 
first she entered was lined with        
mirrors1 and ,beauty saw herself        
reflected on every side1 and thought she
 had never seen such a charming room4   
,then a bracelet which was hanging from 
a chandelier caught her eye1 and on     
taking it down she was greatly surprised

 to find that it held a portrait of her 
unknown admirer1 just as she had seen   
him in her dream4 ,with great delight   
she slipped the bracelet on her arm and 
went on into a gallery of pictures1     
where she soon found a portrait of the  
same handsome prince1 as large as life  
and so well painted that as she studied 
it he seemed to smile kindly at her4    
,tearing herself away from the portrait 
at last1 she passed through into a room 
which contained every musical instrument
 under the sun1 and here she amused     
herself for a long while in trying some 
of them and singing until she was tired4
 ,the next room was a library1 and she  
saw everything she had ever wanted to   
read1 as well as everything she had     
read1 and it seemed to her that a whole 
lifetime would not be enough even to    
read the names of the books1 there were 
so many4 ,by this time it was growing   
dusk1 and wax candles in diamond and    
ruby candlesticks were beginning to     
light themselves in every room4  ,beauty

 found her supper served just at the    
time she preferred to have it1 but she  
did not see anyone or hear a sound1 and 
though her father had warned her that   
she would be alone1 she began to find it
 rather dull4  ,but presently she heard 
the beast coming1 and wondered          
tremblingly if he meant to eat her up   
now4  ,however1 as he did not seem at   
all ferocious1 and only said gruffly1   
,good-evening1 ,beauty1 she answered    
cheerfully and managed to conceal her   
terror4 ,then the beast asked her how   
she had been amusing herself1 and she   
told him all the rooms she had seen4    
,then he asked if she thought she could 
be happy in his palace1 and ,beauty     
answered that everything was so         
beautiful that she would be very hard to
 please if she could not be happy4 ,and 
after about an hour's talk ,beauty began
 to think that the beast was not nearly 
so terrible as she had supposed at      
first4 ,then he got up to leave her and 
said in his gruff voice3  ,do you love  

me1 ,beauty8 ,will you marry me8  ,oh6  
what shall ,i say8 cried ,beauty1 for   
she was afraid to make the beast angry  
by refusing4  ,say 'yes' or 'no' without
 fear1 he replied4  ,oh6 no1 beast1 said
 ,beauty hastily4  ,since you will not1 
good-night1 ,beauty1 he said4 ,and she  
answered1 ,good-night1 beast1 very glad 
to find that her refusal had not        
provoked him4 ,and after he was gone she
 was very soon in bed and asleep and    
dreaming of her unknown prince4 ,she    
thought he came and said to her3  ,ah1  
,beauty6 why are you so unkind to me8 ,i
 fear ,i am fated to be unhappy for many
 a long day still4  ,and then her dreams
 changed1 but the charming prince       
figured in them all2 and when morning   
came her first thought was to look at   
the portrait and see if it was really   
like him1 and she found that it         
certainly was4  ,this morning she       
decided to amuse herself in the garden1 
for the sun shone and all the fountains 
were playing2 but she was astonished to 

find that every place was familiar to   
her1 and presently she came to the brook
 where the myrtle trees were growing    
where she had first met the prince in   
her dream1 and that made her think more 
than ever that he must be kept a        
prisoner by the beast4 ,when she was    
tired she went back to the palace1 and  
found a new room full of materials for  
every kind of work--ribbons to make into
 bows and silks to work into flowers4   
,then there was an aviary full of rare  
birds1 which were so tame that they flew
 to ,beauty as soon as they saw her and 
perched upon her shoulders and her head4
  ,pretty little creatures1 she said1   
how ,i wish that your cage was nearer to
 my room1 that ,i might often hear you  
sing6  ,so saying she opened a door and 
found to her delight that it led into   
her own room1 though she had thought it 
was quite the other side of the palace4 
,there were more birds in a room further
 on1 parrots and cockatoos that could   
talk1 and they greeted ,beauty by name4 

,indeed1 she found them so entertaining 
that she took one or two back to her    
room1 and they talked to her while she  
was at supper2 after which the beast    
paid her his usual visit and asked the  
same questions as before1 and then with 
a gruff good-night he took his          
departure1 and ,beauty went to bed to   
dream of her mysterious prince4 ,the    
days passed swiftly in different        
amusements1 and after a while ,beauty   
found out another strange thing in the  
palace1 which often pleased her when she
 was tired of being alone4 ,there was   
one room which she had not noticed      
particularly4 ,it was empty1 except that
 under each of the windows stood a very 
comfortable chair1 and the first time   
she had looked out of the window it had 
seemed to her that a black curtain      
prevented her from seeing anything      
outside4 ,but the second time she went  
into the room1 happening to be tired1   
she sat down in one of the chairs1 and  
instantly the curtain was rolled aside  

and a most amusing pantomime was acted  
before her4 ,there were dances1 and     
colored lights1 and music1 and pretty   
dresses1 and it was all so gay that     
,beauty was in ecstasies4 ,after that   
she tried the other seven windows in    
turn1 and there was some new and        
surprising entertainment to be seen from
 each of them1 so that ,beauty never    
could feel lonely any more4 ,every      
evening after supper the beast came to  
see her1 and always before saying       
good-night asked her in his terrible    
voice3  ,beauty1 will you marry me8     
,and it seemed to ,beauty1 now she      
understood him better1 that when she    
said1 ,no1 beast1 he went away quite    
sad4 ,but her happy dreams of the       
handsome young prince soon made her     
forget the poor beast1 and the only     
thing that at all disturbed her was to  
be constantly told to distrust          
appearances1 to let her heart guide her1
 and not her eyes1 and many other       
equally perplexing things1 which1       

consider as she would1 she could not    
understand4  ,so everything went on for 
a long time1 until at last1 happy as she
 was1 ,beauty began to long for the     
sight of her father and her brothers and
 sisters2 and one night1 seeing her look
 very sad1 the beast asked her what was 
the matter4 ,beauty had quite ceased to 
be afraid of him now she knew that he   
was really gentle in spite of his       
ferocious looks and his dreadful voice4 
,so she answered that she was longing to
 see her home once more4 ,upon hearing  
this the beast seemed sadly distressed  
and cried miserably3  ,ah6 ,beauty1 have
 you the heart to desert an unhappy     
beast like this8 ,what more do you want 
to make you happy8 ,is it because you   
hate me that you want to escape8  ,no1  
dear beast1 answered ,beauty softly1 ,i 
do not hate you1 and ,i should be very  
sorry never to see you any more1 but ,i 
long to see my father again4 ,only let  
me go for two months1 and ,i promise to 
come back to you and stay for the rest  

of my life4  ,the beast1 who had been   
sighing dolefully while she spoke1 now  
replied3  ,i cannot refuse you anything 
you ask1 even though it should cost me  
my life4 ,take the four boxes you will  
find in the room next to your own and   
fill them with everything you wish to   
take with you4 ,but remember your       
promise and come back when the two      
months are over1 or you may have cause  
to repent it1 for if you do not come in 
good time you will find your faithful   
beast dead4 ,you will not need any      
chariot to bring you back4 ,only say    
good-by to all your brothers and sisters
 the night before you come away1 and    
when you have gone to bed turn this ring
 round upon your finger and say firmly3 
',i wish to go back to my palace and see
 my beast again4' ,good-night1 ,beauty4 
,fear nothing1 sleep peacefully1 and    
before long you shall see your father   
once more4  ,as soon as ,beauty was     
alone she hastened to fill the boxes    
with all the rare and precious things   

she saw about her1 and only when she was
 tired of heaping things into them did  
they seem to be full4  ,then she went to
 bed1 but could hardly sleep for joy4   
,and when at last she did begin to dream
 of her beloved prince she was grieved  
to see him stretched upon a grassy bank1
 sad and weary and hardly like himself4 
,what is the matter8 she cried4  ,but he
 looked at her reproachfully and said3  
,how can you ask me1 cruel one8 ,are you
 not leaving me to my death perhaps8    
,ah1 don't be so sorrowful6 cried       
,beauty4 ,i am only going to assure my  
father that ,i am safe and happy4 ,i    
have promised the beast faithfully that 
,i will come back1 and he would die of  
grief if ,i did not keep my word6  ,what
 would that matter to you8 said the     
prince4 ,surely you would not care8     
,indeed ,i should be ungrateful if ,i   
did not care for such a kind beast1     
cried ,beauty indignantly4 ,i would die 
to save him from pain4 ,i assure you it 
is not his fault that he is so ugly4    

,just then a strange sound woke         
her--someone was speaking not very far  
away2 and opening her eyes she found    
herself in a room she had never seen    
before1 which was certainly not nearly  
so splendid as those she was used to in 
the beast's palace4 ,where could she be8
 ,she got up and dressed hastily1 and   
then saw that the boxes she had packed  
the night before were all in the room4  
,while she was wondering by what magic  
the beast had transported them and      
herself to this strange place she       
suddenly heard her father's voice1 and  
rushed out and greeted him joyfully4    
,her brothers and sisters were all      
astonished at her appearance1 as they   
had never expected to see her again1 and
 there was no end to the questions they 
asked her4 ,she had also much to hear   
about what had happened to them while   
she was away and of her father's journey
 home4 ,but when they heard that she had
 only come to be with them for a short  
time1 and then must go back to the      

beast's palace forever1 they lamented   
loudly4 ,then ,beauty asked her father  
what he thought could be the meaning of 
her strange dreams1 and why the prince  
constantly begged her not to trust to   
appearances4 ,after much consideration  
he answered3  ,you tell me yourself that
 the beast1 frightful as he is1 loves   
you dearly and deserves your love and   
gratitude for his gentleness and        
kindness4 ,i think the prince must mean 
you to understand that you ought to     
reward him by doing as he wishes you to1
 in spite of his ugliness4  ,beauty     
could not help seeing that this seemed  
very probable4 ,still1 when she thought 
of her dear prince who was so handsome1 
she did not feel at all inclined to     
marry the beast4 ,at any rate1 for two  
months she need not decide1 but could   
enjoy herself with her sisters4 ,but    
though they were rich now and lived in a
 town again and had plenty of           
acquaintances1 ,beauty found that       
nothing amused her very much2 and she   

often thought of the palace where she   
was so happy1 especially as at home she 
never once dreamed of her dear prince1  
and she felt quite sad without him4     
,then her sisters seemed to have got    
used to being without her1 and even     
found her rather in the way1 so she     
would not have been sorry when the two  
months were over but for her father and 
brothers1 who begged her to stay and    
seemed so grieved at the thought of her 
departure that she had not the courage  
to say good-by to them4 ,every day when 
she got up she meant to say it at night1
 and when night came she put it off     
again1 until at last she had a dismal   
dream which helped her to make up her   
mind4 ,she thought she was wandering in 
a lonely path in the palace gardens1    
when she heard groans which seemed to   
come from some bushes hiding the        
entrance of a cave1 and running quickly 
to see what could be the matter1 she    
found the beast stretched out upon his  
side1 apparently dying4 ,he reproached  

her faintly with being the cause of his 
distress1 and at the same moment a      
stately lady appeared and said very     
gravely3  ,ah1 ,beauty6 you are only    
just in time to save his life4 ,see what
 happens when people do not keep their  
promises6 ,if you had delayed one day   
more you would have found him dead4     
,beauty was so terrified by this dream  
that the next morning she announced her 
intention of going back at once1 and    
that very night she said good-by to her 
father and all her brothers and sisters1
 and as soon as she was in bed she      
turned her ring round upon her finger   
and said firmly1 ,i wish to go back to  
my palace and see my beast again1 as she
 had been told to do4  ,then she fell   
asleep instantly1 and only woke up to   
hear the clock saying ,beauty1 ,beauty1 
twelve times in its musical voice1 which
 told her at once that she was really in
 the palace once more4 ,everything was  
just as before1 and her birds were so   
glad to see her2 but ,beauty thought she

 had never known such a long day1 for   
she was so anxious to see the beast     
again that she felt as if supper time   
would never come4  ,but when it did come
 and no beast appeared she was really   
frightened2 so after listening and      
waiting for a long time she ran down    
into the garden to search for him4 ,up  
and down the paths and avenues ran poor 
,beauty1 calling him in vain1 for no one
 answered and not a trace of him could  
she find1 until at last1 quite tired1   
she stopped for a minute's rest and saw 
that she was standing opposite the shady
 path she had seen in her dream4 ,she   
rushed down it1 and1 sure enough1 there 
was the cave1 and in it lay the         
beast--asleep1 as ,beauty thought4      
,quite glad to have found him1 she ran  
up and stroked his head1 but1 to her    
horror1 he did not move or open his     
eyes4  ,oh6 he is dead1 and it is all my
 fault1 said ,beauty1 crying bitterly4  
,but then1 looking at him again1 she    
fancied he still breathed1 and hastily  

fetching some water from the nearest    
fountain1 she sprinkled it over his     
face1 and to her great delight he began 
to revive4  ,oh1 beast6 how you         
frightened me6 she cried4 ,i never knew 
how much ,i loved you until just now1   
when ,i feared ,i was too late to save  
your life4  ,can you really love such an
 ugly creature as ,i am8 said the beast 
faintly4 ,ah1 ,beauty6 you only came    
just in time4 ,i was dying because ,i   
thought you had forgotten your promise4 
,but go back now and rest4 ,i shall see 
you again by and by4  ,beauty1 who had  
half expected that he would be angry    
with her1 was reassured by his gentle   
voice and went back to the palace1 where
 supper was awaiting her2 and afterward 
the beast came in as usual and talked   
about the time she had spent with her   
father1 asking if she had enjoyed       
herself and if they had all been very   
glad to see her4  ,beauty answered      
politely1 and quite enjoyed telling him 
all that had happened to her4 ,and when 

at last the time came for him to go1 and
 he asked1 as he had so often asked     
before1 ,beauty1 will you marry me8 she 
answered softly3 ,yes1 dear beast4  ,as 
she spoke a blaze of light sprang up    
before the windows of the palace2       
fireworks crackled and guns banged1 and 
across the avenue of orange trees1 in   
letters all made of fireflies1 was      
written3 ,long live the prince and his  
bride4  ,turning to ask the beast what  
it could all mean1 ,beauty found that he
 had disappeared1 and in his place stood
 her long-loved prince6 ,at the same    
moment the wheels of a chariot were     
heard upon the terrace and two ladies   
entered the room4 ,one of them ,beauty  
recognized as the stately lady she had  
seen in her dreams2 the other was also  
so grand and queenly that ,beauty hardly
 knew which to greet first4  ,but the   
one she already knew said to her        
companion3  ,well1 queen1 this is       
,beauty1 who has had the courage to     
rescue your son from the terrible       

enchantment4 ,they love one another1 and
 only your consent to their marriage is 
wanting to make them perfectly happy4   
,i consent with all my heart1 cried the 
queen4 ,how can ,i ever thank you       
enough1 charming girl1 for having       
restored my dear son to his natural     
form8  ,and then she tenderly embraced  
,beauty and the prince1 who had         
meanwhile been greeting the fairy and   
receiving her congratulations4  ,now1   
said the fairy to ,beauty1 ,i suppose   
you would like me to send for all your  
brothers and sisters to dance at your   
wedding8  ,and so she did1 and the      
marriage was celebrated the very next   
day with the utmost splendor1 and       
,beauty and the prince lived happily    
ever after4    #afh          ,peter     
,asbjoernsen 7#ahab-ahhe7 and ,jorgen   
,moe         7#ahac-ahhb7 were the first
 scientific         collectors of the   
folk tales of ,norway4 ,their           
joint interest in folk tales began when 
they         were schoolboys wandering  

on foot through the         country and 
listening to peasant stories4 ,this     
interest continued after ,moe had become
 a         theologian and ,asbjoernsen a
 noted scientist4         ,the latter   
served the government as an expert      
connected with the survey and           
development of         his country's    
natural resources4 ,this resulted       
in taking him to all parts of the land1 
and he         never lost an opportunity
 to hear and copy down         any folk 
tale that he found surviving in the     
more isolated districts4 ,in #ahdb-ahdd 
appeared         ,norwegian ,folk ,tales
 by ,moe and ,asbjoernsen2         in   
#ahde1 ,norwegian ,fairy ,tales and     
,folk         ,legends2 and there were  
subsequent additions4         ,the five 
tales following are from these ,norse   
collections4 ,they were first made      
accessible in         ,english in       
,dasent's ,popular ,tales from the      
,norse 7#aheh74 ,this book with its long
         introductory essay on the      

origin and diffusion         of popular 
tales constitutes a landmark in the     
study of folklore4 ,it and ,dasent's    
later         volume1 ,tales from the   
,fjeld1 are still1         perhaps1 the 
best sources for versions of the        
,norse popular tales4 ,why the ,bear ,is
         ,stumpy-tailed belongs to the  
class of stories         which explain  
how things happened to be as they       
are4 ,it is of great antiquity and is   
found over         most of the world4   
,the greatest of all modern             
nature fairy tales1 ,kipling's ,just ,so
         ,stories1 are of a similar     
type1 though told at         greater    
length and1 of course1 with infinitely  
greater art4   ,,why ,,the ,,bear ,,is  
,,stumpy-,,tailed  ,one day the ,bear   
met the ,fox1 who came slinking along   
with a string of fish he had stolen4    
,whence did you get those8 asked the    
,bear4  ,oh6 my ,lord ,bruin1 ,i've been
 out fishing and caught them1 said the  
,fox4  ,so the ,bear had a mind to learn

 to fish too1 and bade the ,fox tell him
 how he was to set about it4  ,oh6 it's 
an easy craft for you1 answered the     
,fox1 and soon learnt4 ,you've only got 
to go upon the ice1 and cut a hole and  
stick your tail down into it2 and so you
 must go on holding it there as long as 
you can4 ,you're not to mind if your    
tail smarts a little2 that's when the   
fish bite4 ,the longer you hold it there
 the more fish you'll get2 and then all 
at once out with it1 with a cross pull  
sideways1 and with a strong pull too4   
,yes2 the ,bear did as the ,fox had     
said1 and held his tail a long1 long    
time down in the hole1 till it was fast 
frozen in4 ,then he pulled it out with a
 cross pull1 and it snapped short off4  
,that's why ,bruin goes about with a    
stumpy tail this very day4    #afi      
,the following is from ,dasent's        
,popular ,tales         from the ,norse 
and has long been a favorite            
with the younger children by reason of  
its         remarkable compactness and  

its strong         accumulative force4  
,the ,troll of northern         stories 
is the ,ogre of those farther south4    
,the         story has a closing formula
 which may often         have been used 
for other stories as well4 7,for        
an opening verse formula see the note on
 ,the         ,story of the ,three      
,little ,pigs1 ,no4 #aea47   ,,the      
,,three ,,billy-,,goats ,,gruff  ,once  
on a time there were three ,billy-goats 
who were to go up to the hillside to    
make themselves fat1 and the name of all
 the three was ,gruff4  ,on the way up  
was a bridge over a burn they had to    
cross2 and under the bridge lived a     
great ugly ,troll1 with eyes as big as  
saucers and a nose as long as a poker4  
,so first of all came the youngest      
billy-goat ,gruff to cross the bridge4  
,trip1 trap2 trip1 trap6 went the       
bridge4  ,,who',s ,,that tripping over  
my bridge8 roared the ,troll4  ,oh6 it  
is only ,i1 the tiniest billy-goat      
,gruff2 and ,i'm going up to the        

hill-side to make myself fat1 said the  
billy-goat1 with such a small voice4    
,now1 ,i'm coming to gobble you up1 said
 the ,troll4  ,oh1 no6 pray don't take  
me4 ,i'm too little1 that ,i am1 said   
the billy-goat4 ,wait a bit till the    
second billy-goat ,gruff comes2 he's    
much bigger4  ,well6 be off with you1   
said the ,troll4  ,a little while after 
came the second billy-goat ,gruff to    
cross the bridge4  ,,trip1 ,,trap6      
,,trip1 ,,trap6 ,,trip1 ,,trap6 went the
 bridge4  ,,who',s ,,that tripping over 
my bridge8 roared the ,troll4  ,oh6 it's
 the second billy-goat ,gruff1 and ,i'm 
going up to the hill-side to make myself
 fat1 said the billy-goat1 who hadn't   
such a small voice4  ,now1 ,i'm coming  
to gobble you up1 said the ,troll4  ,oh1
 no6 don't take me4 ,wait a little till 
the big billy-goat ,gruff comes2 he's   
much bigger4  ,very well6 be off with   
you1 said the ,troll4  ,but just then up
 came the big billy-goat ,gruff4        
,,trip1 ,,trap6 ,,trip1 ,,trap6 ,,trip1 

,,trap6 went the bridge1 for the        
billy-goat was so heavy that the bridge 
creaked and groaned under him4  ,,who',s
 ,,that tramping over my bridge8 roared 
the ,troll4  ,it's ,i6 ,,the ,,big      
,,billy-,,goat ,,gruff1 said the        
billy-goat1 who had an ugly hoarse voice
 of his own4  ,now1 ,i'm coming to      
gobble you up1 roared the ,troll4       
,well1 come along6 ,i've got two spears1
         ,and ,i'll poke your eyeballs  
out at your ears2         ,i've got     
besides two curling-stones1         ,and
 ,i'll crush you to bits1 body and      
bones4  ,that was what the big          
billy-goat said2 and so he flew at the  
,troll and poked his eyes out with his  
horns1 and crushed him to bits1 body and
 bones1 and tossed him out into the     
burn1 and after that he went up to the  
hill-side4 ,there the billy-goats got so
 fat they were scarce able to walk home 
again2 and if the fat hasn't fallen off 
them1 why they're still fat2 and so1--  
,snip1 snap1 snout1         ,this tale's

 told out4    #agj          ,the        
following droll seems to indicate that  
the         folk had a strain of        
satirical humor which they         could
 use with fine effect4 ,the translation 
is         that of ,dasent's ,popular   
,tales from the         ,norse4 7,an old
 ,english verse form of the same        
story will be found in ,no4 #adf47 ,the 
old         proverb about the shoemaker 
sticking to his         last is sure to 
come to mind as one reads1 but          
it seems to lose force when we notice   
that the         goody has no trouble   
with the mowing1 while         the good 
man has much with the housework6   ,,the
 ,,husband ,,who ,,was ,,to ,,mind ,,the
 ,,house  ,once on a time there was a   
man so surly and cross he never thought 
his wife did anything right in the      
house4 ,so one evening in hay-making    
time he came home scolding and swearing 
and showing his teeth and making a dust4
  ,dear love1 don't be so angry2 there's
 a good man1 said his goody2 to-morrow  

let's change our work4 ,i'll go out with
 the mowers and mow1 and you shall mind 
the house at home4  ,yes6 the husband   
thought that would do very well4 ,he was
 quite willing1 he said4  ,so1 early    
next morning1 his goody took a scythe   
over her neck and went out into the     
hay-field with the mowers and began to  
mow2 but the man was to mind the house1 
and do the work at home4  ,first of all1
 he wanted to churn the butter2 but when
 he had churned a while1 he got thirsty1
 and went down to the cellar to tap a   
barrel of ale4 ,so1 just when he had    
knocked in the bung1 and was putting the
 tap into the cask1 he heard overhead   
the pig come into the kitchen4 ,then off
 he ran up the cellar steps1 with the   
tap in his hand1 as fast as he could1 to
 look after the pig lest it should upset
 the churn2 but when he got up1 and saw 
the pig had already knocked the churn   
over1 and stood there1 rooting and      
grunting amongst the cream which was    
running all over the floor1 he got so   

wild with rage that he quite forgot the 
ale-barrel1 and ran at the pig as hard  
as he could4 ,he caught it1 too1 just as
 it ran out of doors1 and gave it such a
 kick that piggy lay for dead on the    
spot4 ,then all at once he remembered he
 had the tap in his hand2 but when he   
got down to the cellar1 every drop of   
ale had run out of the cask4  ,then he  
went into the dairy and found enough    
cream left to fill the churn again1 and 
so he began to churn1 for butter they   
must have at dinner4 ,when he had       
churned a bit1 he remembered that their 
milking cow was still shut up in the    
byre1 and hadn't had a bit to eat or a  
drop to drink all the morning1 though   
the sun was high4 ,then all at once he  
thought 'twas too far to take her down  
to the meadow1 so he'd just get her up  
on the house-top--for the house1 you    
must know1 was thatched with sods1 and a
 fine crop of grass was growing there4  
,now their house lay close up against a 
steep down1 and he thought if he laid a 

plank across to the thatch at the back  
he'd easily get the cow up4  ,but still 
he couldn't leave the churn1 for there  
was his little babe crawling about on   
the floor1 and if ,i leave it1 he       
thought1 the child is safe to upset it4 
,so he took the churn on his back1 and  
went out with it2 but then he thought   
he'd better first water the cow before  
he turned her out on the thatch2 so he  
took up a bucket to draw water out of   
the well2 but1 as he stooped down at the
 well's brink1 all the cream ran out of 
the churn over his shoulders1 and so    
down into the well4  ,now it was near   
dinner-time1 and he hadn't even got the 
butter yet2 so he thought he'd best boil
 the porridge1 and filled the pot with  
water and hung it over the fire4 ,when  
he had done that1 he thought the cow    
might perhaps fall off the thatch and   
break her legs or her neck4 ,so he got  
up on the house to tie her up4 ,one end 
of the rope he made fast to the cow's   
neck1 and the other he slipped down the 

chimney and tied round his own thigh2   
and he had to make haste1 for the water 
now began to boil in the pot1 and he had
 still to grind the oatmeal4  ,so he    
began to grind away2 but while he was   
hard at it1 down fell the cow off the   
house-top after all1 and as she fell1   
she dragged the man up the chimney by   
the rope4 ,there he stuck fast2 and as  
for the cow1 she hung half way down the 
wall1 swinging between heaven and earth1
 for she could neither get down nor up4 
,and now the goody had waited seven     
lengths and seven breadths for her      
husband to come and call them home to   
dinner2 but never a call they had4 ,at  
last she thought she'd waited long      
enough1 and went home4 ,but when she got
 there and saw the cow hanging in such  
an ugly place1 she ran up and cut the   
rope in two with her scythe4 ,but as she
 did this1 down came her husband out of 
the chimney2 and so when his old dame   
came inside the kitchen1 there she found
 him standing on his head in the        

porridge pot4    #aga          ,the     
artistic qualities of ,boots and ,his   
,brothers1 from ,dasent's ,popular      
,tales from         the ,norse1 will    
impress every reader or                 
listener4 ,it belongs to that very      
numerous         group of stories       
dealing with the success of         the 
youngest child in the face of           
opposition1         mistreatment1 or    
lack of sympathy from others         of 
his family4 ,john was ,boots1 of course1
         because he was the youngest2   
which means that         it was the rule
 to give the most menial tasks          
about the house to the youngest4 ,but   
,john had         the saving trait of   
always wondering about         things1  
which led him to find out what would    
always be hidden from his more stupid   
and less         imaginative brothers4  
,,boots ,,and ,,his ,,brothers  ,once on
 a time there was a man who had three   
sons1 ,peter1 ,paul1 and ,john4 ,john   
was ,boots1 of course1 because he was   

the youngest4 ,i can't say the man had  
anything more than these three sons1 for
 he hadn't one penny to rub against     
another2 and so he told his sons over   
and over again they must go out into the
 world and try to earn their bread1 for 
there at home there was nothing to be   
looked for but starving to death4  ,now1
 a bit off the man's cottage was the    
,king's palace1 and you must know1 just 
against the ,king's windows a great oak 
had sprung up1 which was so stout and   
big that it took away all the light from
 the ,king's palace4 ,the ,king had said
 he would give many1 many dollars to the
 man who could fell the oak1 but no one 
was man enough for that1 for as soon as 
ever one chip of the oak's trunk flew   
off1 two grew in its stead4 ,a well1    
too1 the ,king would have dug1 which was
 to hold water for the whole year2 for  
all his neighbors had wells1 but he     
hadn't any1 and that he thought a shame4
 ,so the ,king said he would give any   
one who could dig him such a well as    

would hold water for a whole year round1
 both money and goods2 but no one could 
do it1 for the ,king's palace lay high1 
high up on a hill1 and they hadn't dug a
 few inches before they came upon the   
living rock4  ,but as the ,king had set 
his heart on having these two things    
done1 he had it given out far and wide1 
in all the churches of his kingdom1 that
 he who could fell the big oak in the   
king's court-yard1 and get him a well   
that would hold water the whole year    
round1 should have the ,princess and    
half the kingdom4 ,well6 you may easily 
know there was many a man who came to   
try his luck2 but for all their hacking 
and hewing1 and all their digging and   
delving1 it was no good4 ,the oak got   
bigger and stouter at every stroke1 and 
the rock didn't get softer either4 ,so  
one day those three brothers thought    
they'd set off and try too1 and their   
father hadn't a word against it2 for    
even if they didn't get the ,princess   
and half the kingdom1 it might happen   

they might get a place somewhere with a 
good master2 and that was all he wanted4
 ,so when the brothers said they thought
 of going to the palace1 their father   
said yes at once4 ,so ,peter1 ,paul1 and
 ,jack went off from their home4  ,well6
 they hadn't gone far before they came  
to a fir wood1 and up along one side of 
it rose a steep hillside1 and as they   
went1 they heard something hewing and   
hacking away up on the hill among the   
trees4  ,i wonder now what it is that is
 hewing away up yonder8 said ,jack4     
,you're always so clever with your      
wonderings1 said ,peter and ,paul both  
at once4 ,what wonder is it1 pray1 that 
a woodcutter should stand and hack up on
 a hillside8  ,still1 ,i'd like to see  
what it is1 after all1 said ,jack2 and  
up he went4  ,oh1 if you're such a      
child1 'twill do you good to go and take
 a lesson1 bawled out his brothers after
 him4  ,but ,jack didn't care for what  
they said2 he climbed the steep hillside
 towards where the noise came1 and when 

he reached the place1 what do you think 
he saw8 ,why1 an axe that stood there   
hacking and hewing1 all of itself1 at   
the trunk of a fir4  ,good day6 said    
,jack4 ,so you stand here all alone and 
hew1 do you8  ,yes2 here ,i've stood and
 hewed and hacked a long1 long time1    
waiting for you1 said the ,axe4  ,well1 
here ,i am at last1 said ,jack1 as he   
took the axe1 pulled it off its haft1   
and stuffed both head and haft into his 
wallet4  ,so when he got down again to  
his brothers1 they began to jeer and    
laugh at him4  ,and now1 what funny     
thing was it you saw up yonder on the   
hillside8 they said4  ,oh1 it was only  
an axe we heard1 said ,jack4  ,so when  
they had gone a bit farther1 they came  
under a steep spur of rock1 and up there
 they heard something digging and       
shoveling4  ,i wonder now1 said ,jack1  
what it is digging and shoveling up     
yonder at the top of the rock6  ,ah1    
you're always so clever with your       
wonderings1 said ,peter and ,paul again1

 as if you'd never heard a woodpecker   
hacking and pecking at a hollow tree4   
,well1 well1 said ,jack1 ,i think it    
would be a piece of fun just to see what
 it really is4  ,and so off he set to   
climb the rock1 while the others laughed
 and made game of him4 ,but he didn't   
care a bit for that2 up he climbed1 and 
when he got near the top1 what do you   
think he saw8 ,why1 a spade that stood  
there digging and delving4  ,good day6  
said ,jack4 ,so you stand here all      
alone1 and dig and delve6  ,yes1 that's 
what ,i do1 said the ,spade1 and that's 
what ,i've done this many a long day1   
waiting for you4  ,well1 here ,i am1    
said ,jack again1 as he took the spade  
and knocked it off its handle1 and put  
it into his wallet1 and then down again 
to his brothers4  ,well1 what was it1 so
 rare and strange1 said ,peter and      
,paul1 that you saw up there at the top 
of the rock8  ,oh1 said ,jack1 nothing  
more than a spade2 that was what we     
heard4  ,so they went on again a good   

bit1 till they came to a brook4 ,they   
were thirsty1 all three1 after their    
long walk1 and so they lay down beside  
the brook to have a drink4  ,i wonder   
now1 said ,jack1 where all this water   
comes from6  ,i wonder if you're right  
in your head1 said ,peter and ,paul1 in 
one breath4 ,if you're not mad already1 
you'll go mad very soon1 with your      
wonderings4 ,where the brook comes from1
 indeed6 ,have you never heard how water
 rises from a spring in the earth8      
,yes6 but still ,i've a great fancy to  
see where this brook comes from1 said   
,jack4  ,so up alongside the brook he   
went1 in spite of all that his brothers 
bawled after him4 ,nothing could stop   
him4 ,on he went4 ,so1 as he went up and
 up1 the brook got smaller and smaller1 
and at last1 a little way farther on1   
what do you think he saw8 ,why1 a great 
walnut1 and out of that the water       
trickled4  ,good day6 said ,jack again4 
,so you lie here1 and trickle and run   
down all alone8  ,yes1 ,i do1 said the  

,walnut1 and here have ,i trickled and  
run this many a long day1 waiting for   
you4  ,well1 here ,i am1 said ,jack1 as 
he took up a lump of moss1 and plugged  
up the hole1 that the water mightn't run
 out4 ,then he put the walnut into his  
wallet1 and ran down to his brothers4   
,well1 now1 said ,peter and ,paul1 have 
you found out where the water comes     
from8 ,a rare sight it must have been6  
,oh1 after all1 it was only a hole it   
ran out of1 said ,jack2 and so the      
others laughed and made game of him     
again1 but ,jack didn't mind that a bit4
  ,after all1 ,i had the fun of seeing  
it1 said he4  ,so when they had gone a  
bit farther1 they came to the ,king's   
palace2 but as every one in the kingdom 
had heard how they might win the        
,princess and half the realm1 if they   
could only fell the big oak and dig the 
,king's well1 so many had come to try   
their luck that the oak was now twice as
 stout and big as it had been at first1 
for two chips grew for every one they   

hewed out with their axes1 as ,i dare   
say you all bear in mind4 ,so the ,king 
had now laid it down as a punishment1   
that if any one tried and couldn't fell 
the oak1 he should be put on a barren   
island1 and both his ears were to be    
clipped off4 ,but the two brothers      
didn't let themselves be scared by that2
 they were quite sure they could fell   
the oak1 and ,peter1 as he was eldest1  
was to try his hand first2 but it went  
with him as with all the rest who had   
hewn at the oak2 for every chip he cut  
out1 two grew in its place4 ,so the     
,king's men seized him1 and clipped off 
both his ears1 and put him out on the   
island4  ,now ,paul1 he was to try his  
luck1 but he fared just the same2 when  
he had hewn two or three strokes1 they  
began to see the oak grow1 and so the   
,king's men seized him too1 and clipped 
his ears1 and put him out on the island2
 and his ears they clipped closer1      
because they said he ought to have taken
 a lesson from his brother4  ,so now    

,jack was to try4  ,if you will look    
like a marked sheep1 we're quite ready  
to clip your ears at once1 and then     
you'll save yourself some bother1 said  
the ,king1 for he was angry with him for
 his brothers' sake4  ,well1 ,i'd like  
just to try first1 said ,jack1 and so he
 got leave4 ,then he took his axe out of
 his wallet and fitted it to its haft4  
,hew away6 said he to his axe2 and away 
it hewed1 making the chips fly again1 so
 that it wasn't long before down came   
the oak4  ,when that was done1 ,jack    
pulled out his spade1 and fitted it to  
its handle4  ,dig away6 said he to the  
spade2 and so the spade began to dig and
 delve till the earth and rock flew out 
in splinters1 and so he had the well    
soon dug out1 you may think4  ,and when 
he had got it as big and deep as he     
chose1 ,jack took out his walnut and    
laid it in one corner of the well1 and  
pulled the plug of moss out4  ,trickle  
and run1 said ,jack2 and so the nut     
trickled and ran1 till the water gushed 

out of the hole in a stream1 and in a   
short time the well was brimful4  ,then 
,jack had felled the oak which shaded   
the ,king's palace1 and dug a well in   
the palace-yard1 and so he got the      
,princess and half the kingdom1 as the  
,king had said2 but it was lucky for    
,peter and ,paul that they had lost     
their ears1 else they had heard each    
hour and day how every one said1 ,well1 
after all1 ,jack wasn't so much out of  
his mind when he took to wondering4     
#agb          ,for the next story from  
the ,norse group the         translation
 by ,h4 ,l4 ,braekstad is used4 ,it is  
better known under the more familiar    
title of         the ,dasent version1   
,why the ,sea ,is ,salt4                
,braekstad's translation of the         
,asbjoernsen and         ,moe stories1  
illustrated by ,norwegian artists1      
appeared in two volumes called ,round   
the ,yule         ,log and ,fairy ,tales
 from the ,north4 ,the         story of 
the magic hand-mill is the story of     

how an evil brother violated the        
,christmas         spirit and how his   
curse was turned into good              
fortune for his better-disposed         
relative4 ,the         naive idea of the
 common folk as to the devil's          
home is especially interesting1 as is   
the         acceptance of the fact that 
a ,christmas         celebration        
includes a fine open fire of wood1      
even in a place of unusual warmth4 ,but 
perhaps         we should remember that 
in ,norse mythology the         evil    
place would be associated with intense  
cold4 ,of more importance1 however1 is  
the fact         that the magic quern   
brings not good but         disaster to 
those who try to use it in the          
service of greed4   ,,the ,,quern ,,at  
,,the ,,bottom ,,of ,,the ,,sea  ,once  
upon a time in the old1 old days there  
were two brothers1 one of whom was rich 
and the other poor4 ,when ,christmas    
,eve came the poor brother had not a    
morsel in the house1 neither of meat nor

 bread2 and so he went to his rich      
brother and asked for a trifle for      
,christmas1 in heaven's name4 ,it was   
not the first time the brother had      
helped him1 but he was always very      
close-fisted1 and was not particularly  
glad to see him this time4  ,if you'll  
do what ,i tell you1 you shall have a   
whole ham1 he said4 ,the poor brother   
promised he would1 and was very grateful
 into the bargain4  ,there it is1 and   
now go to the devil6 said the rich      
brother1 and threw the ham across to    
him4  ,well1 what ,i have promised ,i   
must keep1 said the other one4 ,he took 
the ham1 and set out4 ,he walked and    
walked the whole day1 and as it was     
getting dark he came to a place where   
the lights were shining brightly4 ,this 
is most likely the place1 thought the   
man with the ham4  ,in the woodshed     
stood an old man with a long white      
beard1 cutting fire-wood for ,christmas4
  ,good evening1 said he with the ham4  
,good evening to you1 said the man4     

,where are you going so late8  ,i am    
going to the devil--that is to say1 if  
,i am on the right way1 answered the    
poor man4  ,yes1 you are quite right2   
this is his place1 said the old man4    
,when you get in1 they will all want to 
buy your ham1 for ham is scarce food    
here2 but you must not sell it unless   
you get the hand-quern1 which stands    
just behind the door4 ,when you come out
 again1 ,i'll teach you how to use it4  
,you will find it useful in many ways4  
,the man with the ham thanked him for   
all the information1 and knocked at the 
door4  ,when he got in1 it happened just
 as the old man had said4 ,all the imps1
 both big and small1 flocked around him 
like ants in a field1 and the one outbid
 the other for the ham4  ,well1 said the
 man1 my good woman and ,i were to have 
it for ,christmas ,eve1 but since you   
want it so badly ,i will let you have   
it4 ,but if ,i am going to part with it1
 ,i want that hand-quern which stands   
behind the door4  ,the devil did not    

like to part with it1 and higgled and   
haggled with the man1 but he stuck to   
what he had said1 and in the end the    
devil had to part with the quern4  ,when
 the man came out1 he asked the old     
wood-cutter how he was to use the quern1
 and when he had learned this1 he       
thanked the old man and set out         
homewards as quickly as he could2 but   
after all he did not get home till the  
clock struck twelve on ,christmas ,eve4 
,where in all the world have you been8  
said his wife4 ,here have ,i been       
sitting1 hour after hour1 waiting and   
watching for you1 and have not had as   
much as two chips to lay under the      
porridge pot4  ,well1 ,i couldn't get   
back before1 said the man4 ,i have had a
 good many things to look after1 and    
,i've had a long way to walk as well2   
but now ,i'll show you something1 said  
he1 and put the quern on the table4 ,he 
asked it first to grind candles1 then a 
cloth1 and then food and beer1 and      
everything else that was good for       

,christmas cheer2 and as he spoke the   
quern brought them forth4 ,the woman    
crossed herself time after time and     
wanted to know where her husband had got
 the quern from2 but this he would not  
tell her4  ,it does not matter where ,i 
got it from2 you see the quern is good  
and the mill stream is not likely to    
freeze1 said the man4 ,so he ground food
 and drink and all good things during   
,christmas2 and the third day he invited
 his friends1 as he wanted to give them 
a feast4 ,when the rich brother saw all 
that was in the house1 he became both   
angry and furious1 for he begrudged his 
brother everything4  ,on ,christmas ,eve
 he was so needy that he came to me and 
asked for a trifle in heaven's name2 and
 now he gives a feast1 as if he were    
both a count and a king1 said the       
brother4 ,where did you get all your    
riches from8 he said to his brother4    
,from just behind the door1 he answered1
 for he did not care to tell his brother
 much about it4 ,but later in the       

evening1 when he had drunk a little     
freely1 he could no longer resist1 but  
brought out the quern4  ,there you see  
that which has brought me all my riches1
 he said1 and so he let the quern grind 
first one thing and then another4  ,when
 the brother saw this1 he was determined
 to have the quern at all cost1 and at  
last it was settled he should have it1  
but three hundred dollars was to be the 
price of it4 ,the brother was1 however1 
to keep it till the harvest began2 for  
if ,i keep it so long1 ,i can grind out 
food for many years to come1 he thought4
  ,during that time you may be sure the 
quern did not rust1 and when the harvest
 began the rich brother got it2 but the 
other had taken great care not to show  
him how to use it4  ,it was evening when
 the rich brother got the quern home1   
and in the morning he asked his wife to 
go out and help the haymakers2 he would 
get the breakfast ready himself to-day1 
he said4  ,when it was near breakfast   
time he put the quern on the breakfast  

table4  ,grind herrings and broth1 and  
do it quickly and well1 said the man1   
and the quern began to bring forth      
herrings and broth1 and filled first all
 the dishes and tubs1 and afterwards    
began flooding the whole kitchen4  ,the 
man fiddled and fumbled and tried to    
stop the quern1 but however much he     
twisted and fingered it1 the quern went 
on grinding1 and in a little while the  
broth reached so high that the man was  
very near drowning4 ,he then pulled open
 the parlor door1 but it was not long   
before the quern had filled the parlor  
also1 and it was just in the very nick  
of time that the man put his hand down  
into the broth and got hold of the      
latch1 and when he had got the door     
open1 he was soon out of the parlor1 you
 may be sure4 ,he rushed out1 and the   
herrings and the broth came pouring out 
after him1 like a stream1 down the      
fields and meadows4  ,the wife1 who was 
out haymaking1 now thought it took too  
long a time to get the breakfast ready4 

,if my husband doesn't call us soon1 we 
must go home whether or no3 ,i don't    
suppose he knows much about making      
broth1 so ,i must go and help him1 said 
the wife to the haymakers4  ,they began 
walking homewards1 but when they had got
 a bit up the hill they met the stream  
of broth with the herrings tossing about
 in it and the man himself running in   
front of it all4  ,i wish all of you had
 a hundred stomachs each6 shouted the   
man2 but take care you don't get        
drowned4 ,and he rushed past them as if 
the ,evil ,one was at his heels1 down to
 where his brother lived4 ,he asked him 
for heaven's sake to take back the      
quern1 and that at once4 ,if it goes on 
grinding another hour the whole parish  
will perish in broth and herrings1 he   
said4 ,but the brother would not take it
 back on any account before his brother 
had paid him three hundred dollars more1
 and this he had to do4 ,the poor       
brother now had plenty of money1 and    
before long he bought a farm much       

grander than the one on which his rich  
brother lived1 and with the quern he    
ground so much gold that he covered the 
farmstead with gold plates and1 as it   
lay close to the shore1 it glittered and
 shone far out at sea4 ,all those who   
sailed past wanted to call and visit the
 rich man in the golden house1 and      
everybody wanted to see the wonderful   
quern1 for its fame had spread both far 
and wide1 and there was no one who had  
not heard it spoken of4  ,after a long  
while there came a skipper who wanted to
 see the quern2 he asked if it could    
grind salt4 ,yes1 that it could1 said he
 who owned it2 and when the skipper     
heard this he wanted the quern by hook  
or by crook1 cost what it might1 for if 
he had it he thought he need not sail   
far away across dangerous seas for      
cargoes of salt4  ,at first the man did 
not want to part with it1 but the       
skipper both begged and prayed1 and at  
last he sold it and got many1 many      
thousand dollars for it4  ,as soon as   

the skipper had got the quern on his    
back he did not stop long1 for he was   
afraid the man would change his mind1   
and as for asking how to use it1 he had 
no time to do that2 he made for his ship
 as quickly as he could1 and when he had
 got out to sea a bit he had the quern  
brought up on deck4  ,grind salt1 and   
that both quickly and well1 said the    
skipper1 and the quern began to grind   
out salt so that it spurted to all      
sides4  ,when the skipper had got the   
ship filled he wanted to stop the quern1
 but however much he tried and whatever 
he did the quern went on grinding1 and  
the mound of salt grew higher and       
higher1 and at last the ship sank4      
,there at the bottom of the sea stands  
the quern grinding till this very day1  
and that is the reason why the sea is   
salt4    #agc          ,the next seven  
stories are from the best known         
of all collections of folk tales1 the   
,kinder         und ,hausmaerchen       
7#ahab-ahae7 of the brothers            

,jacob ,grimm 7#aghe-ahfc7 and ,wilhelm 
,grimm         7#aghf-ahei74 ,they      
worked together as scholarly            
investigators in the field of philology4
 ,the         world is indebted to them 
for the creation of         the science 
of folklore4 ,other writers1 such as    
,perrault1 had published collections of 
folklore1 but these two brothers were   
the first         to collect1 classify1 
and publish folk tales in         a     
scientific way4 ,with the trained       
judgment of         scholars they       
excluded from the stories all           
details that seemed new or foreign1 and 
put         them as nearly as possible  
into the form in         which they had 
been told by the folk4 ,these           
,household ,tales were first made       
accessible in         ,english in the   
translation of ,edgar ,taylor1          
published in two volumes in #ahbc and   
#ahbf1 and         revised in #ahcg4    
,there have been later                  
translations1 notably the complete one  

by         ,margaret ,hunt in #ahhd1 but
 the ,taylor version         has been   
the main source of the popular          
retellings for nearly a hundred years4  
,it         included only about fifty of
 the two hundred         tales1 and was 
illustrated by the famous artist        
,george ,cruikshank4 ,an edition        
including all the         ,taylor       
translations and the original etchings  
was issued in #ahfh with an introduction
 by ,john         ,ruskin4 ,it is still 
reprinted under the title1              
,grimm's ,popular ,stories4             
,the ,traveling ,musicians is from the  
,taylor         translation4 ,it is     
sometimes called ,the ,bremen           
,town ,musicians1 or simply ,the ,town  
,musicians4 ,the story is widespread1   
showing         its great popularity4   
,jacobs finds the fullest         and   
most dramatic form in the ,irish ,jack  
and         ,his ,comrades1 which he    
includes in his ,celtic         ,fairy  
,tales4 ,jacobs also gives an ,english  

version by way of ,america1 ,how ,jack  
,sought ,his         ,fortune1 in his   
,english ,fairy ,tales4 ,the            
successful outcome for these distressed 
and         deserving poor adventurers  
appeals as a fine         stroke of     
poetic justice4   ,,the ,,traveling     
,,musicians  ,an honest farmer had once 
an ass that had been a faithful servant 
to him a great many years1 but was now  
growing old and every day more and more 
unfit for work4 ,his master therefore   
was tired of keeping him and began to   
think of putting an end to him2 but the 
ass1 who saw that some mischief was in  
the wind1 took himself slyly off and    
began his journey towards the great     
city1 for there1 thought he1 ,i may turn
 musician4  ,after he had traveled a    
little way1 he spied a dog lying by the 
road-side and panting as if he were very
 tired4 ,what makes you pant so1 my     
friend8 said the ass4  ,alas6 said the  
dog1 my master was going to knock me on 
the head because ,i am old and weak and 

can no longer make myself useful to him 
in hunting2 so ,i ran away3 but what can
 ,i do to earn my livelihood8  ,hark ye6
 said the ass1 ,i am going to the great 
city to turn musician3 suppose you go   
with me and try what you can do in the  
same way8 ,the dog said he was willing1 
and they jogged on together4  ,before   
they had gone far1 they saw a cat       
sitting in the middle of the road and   
making a most rueful face4 ,pray1 my    
good lady1 said the ass1 what's the     
matter with you8 ,you look quite out of 
spirits6  ,ah1 me6 said the cat1 how can
 one be in good spirits when one's life 
is in danger8 ,because ,i am beginning  
to grow old and had rather lie at my    
ease by the fire than run about the     
house after the mice1 my mistress laid  
hold of me and was going to drown me2   
and though ,i have been lucky enough to 
get away from her1 ,i do not know what  
,i am to live upon4  ,oh6 said the ass1 
by all means go with us to the great    
city4 ,you are a good night-singer and  

may make your fortune as a musician4    
,the cat was pleased with the thought   
and joined the party4  ,soon afterwards1
 as they were passing by a farmyard1    
they saw a cock perched upon a gate1    
screaming out with all his might and    
main4 ,bravo6 said the ass2 upon my word
 you make a famous noise2 pray what is  
all this about8  ,why1 said the cock1 ,i
 was just now saying that we should have
 fine weather for our washing-day1 and  
yet my mistress and the cook don't thank
 me for my pains1 but threaten to cut   
off my head tomorrow and make broth of  
me for the guests that are coming on    
,sunday4  ,heaven forbid6 said the ass2 
come with us1 ,master ,chanticleer2 it  
will be better1 at any rate1 than       
staying here to have your head cut off6 
,besides1 who knows8 ,if we take care to
 sing in tune1 we may get up some kind  
of a concert3 so come along with us4    
,with all my heart1 said the cock3 so   
they all four went on jollily together4 
,they could not1 however1 reach the     

great city the first day3 so when night 
came on they went into a wood to sleep4 
,the ass and the dog laid themselves    
down under a great tree1 and the cat    
climbed up into the branches2 while the 
cock1 thinking that the higher he sat   
the safer he should be1 flew up to the  
very top of the tree1 and then1         
according to his custom1 before he went 
to sleep1 looked out on all sides of him
 to see that everything was well4 ,in   
doing this1 he saw afar off something   
bright and shining2 and calling to his  
companions said1 ,there must be a house 
no great way off1 for ,i see a light4   
,if that be the case1 said the ass1 we  
had better change our quarters1 for our 
lodging is not the best in the world6   
,besides1 added the dog1 ,i should not  
be the worse for a bone or two1 or a bit
 of meat4 ,so they walked off together  
towards the spot where ,chanticleer had 
seen the light2 and as they drew near1  
it became larger and brighter1 till they
 at last came close to a house in which 

a gang of robbers lived4  ,the ass1     
being the tallest of the company1       
marched up to the window and peeped in4 
,well1 ,donkey1 said ,chanticleer1 what 
do you see8  ,what do ,i see8 replied   
the ass1 why ,i see a table spread with 
all kinds of good things1 and robbers   
sitting round it making merry4  ,that   
would be a noble lodging for us1 said   
the cock4  ,yes1 said the ass1 if we    
could only get in3 so they consulted    
together how they should contrive to get
 the robbers out2 and at last they hit  
upon a plan4 ,the ass placed himself    
upright on his hind-legs1 with his      
fore-feet resting against the window2   
the dog got upon his back2 the cat      
scrambled up to the dog's shoulders1 and
 the cock flew up and sat upon the cat's
 head4 ,when all was ready1 a signal was
 given1 and they began their music4 ,the
 ass brayed1 the dog barked1 the cat    
mewed1 and the cock screamed2 and then  
they all broke through the window at    
once and came tumbling into the room1   

amongst the broken glass1 with a most   
hideous clatter6 ,the robbers1 who had  
been not a little frightened by the     
opening concert1 had now no doubt that  
some frightful hobgoblin had broken in  
upon them1 and scampered away as fast as
 they could4  ,the coast once clear1 our
 travelers soon sat down and dispatched 
what the robbers had left1 with as much 
eagerness as if they had not expected to
 eat again for a month4 ,as soon as they
 had satisfied themselves1 they put out 
the lights and each once more sought out
 a resting-place to his own liking4 ,the
 donkey laid himself down upon a heap of
 straw in the yard2 the dog stretched   
himself upon a mat behind the door2 the 
cat rolled herself up on the hearth     
before the warm ashes2 and the cock     
perched upon a beam on the top of the   
house2 and1 as they were all rather     
tired with their journey1 they soon fell
 asleep4  ,but about midnight1 when the 
robbers saw from afar that the lights   
were out and that all seemed quiet1 they

 began to think that they had been in   
too great a hurry to run away2 and one  
of them1 who was bolder than the rest1  
went to see what was going on4 ,finding 
everything still1 he marched into the   
kitchen and groped about till he found a
 match in order to light a candle2 and  
then1 espying the glittering fiery eyes 
of the cat1 he mistook them for live    
coals and held the match to them to     
light it4 ,but the cat1 not             
understanding this joke1 sprung at his  
face1 and spit1 and scratched at him4   
,this frightened him dreadfully1 and    
away he ran to the back door2 but there 
the dog jumped up and bit him in the    
leg2 and as he was crossing over the    
yard the ass kicked him2 and the cock1  
who had been awakened by the noise1     
crowed with all his might4 ,at this the 
robber ran back as fast as he could to  
his comrades and told the captain how a 
horrid witch had got into the house1 and
 had spit at him and scratched his face 
with her long bony fingers2 how a man   

with a knife in his hand had hidden     
himself behind the door and stabbed him 
in the leg2 how a black monster stood in
 the yard and struck him with a club1   
and how the devil sat upon the top of   
the house and cried out1 ',throw the    
rascal up here6'  ,after this the       
robbers never dared to go back to the   
house2 but the musicians were so pleased
 with their quarters that they took up  
their abode there2 and there they are1  
,i dare say1 at this very day4    #agd  
,the ,taylor translation of ,grimm is   
used for         ,the ,blue ,light4     
,this tale contains several of          
the elements most popular in children's 
stories4 ,there is merit in distress1 an
 old         witch1 the magic blue      
light1 the little black         dwarf1  
and the exceeding great reward at the   
end4 ,from this very story or some      
variant of it         ,hans ,christian  
,andersen must have drawn the           
inspiration for ,the ,tinder ,box 7,no4 
#aif74   ,,the ,,blue ,,light  ,a       

soldier had served a king his master    
many years1 till at last he was turned  
off without pay or reward4 ,how he      
should get his living he did not know2  
so he set out and journeyed homeward all
 day in a very downcast mood1 until in  
the evening he came to the edge of a    
deep wood4 ,the road leading that way1  
he pushed forward2 but before he had    
gone far1 he saw a light glimmering     
through the trees1 towards which he bent
 his weary steps2 and soon he came to a 
hut where no one lived but an old witch4
 ,the poor fellow begged for a night's  
lodging and something to eat and drink2 
but she would listen to nothing4        
,however1 he was not easily got rid of2 
and at last she said1 ,i think ,i will  
take pity on you this once2 but if ,i   
do1 you must dig over all my garden for 
me in the morning4 ,the soldier agreed  
very willingly to anything she asked1   
and he became her guest4  ,the next day 
he kept his word and dug the garden very
 neatly4 ,the job lasted all day2 and in

 the evening1 when his mistress would   
have sent him away1 he said1 ,i am so   
tired with my work that ,i must beg you 
to let me stay over the night4  ,the old
 lady vowed at first she would not do   
any such thing2 but after a great deal  
of talk he carried his point1 agreeing  
to chop up a whole cart-load of wood for
 her the next day4  ,this task too was  
duly ended2 but not till towards night1 
and then he found himself so tired that 
he begged a third night's rest2 and this
 too was given1 but only on his pledging
 his word that he next day would fetch  
the witch the blue light that burnt at  
the bottom of the well4  ,when morning  
came she led him to the well's mouth1   
tied him to a long rope1 and let him    
down4 ,at the bottom sure enough he     
found the blue light as the witch had   
said1 and at once made the signal for   
her to draw him up again4 ,but when she 
had pulled him up so near to the top    
that she could reach him with her hands1
 she said1 ,give me the light3 ,i will  

take care of it1--meaning to play him a 
trick by taking it for herself and      
letting him fall again to the bottom of 
the well4  ,but the soldier saw through 
her wicked thoughts1 and said1 ,no1 ,i  
shall not give you the light till ,i    
find myself safe and sound out of the   
well4  ,at this she became very angry   
and dashed him1 with the light she had  
longed for many a year1 down to the     
bottom4 ,and there lay the poor soldier 
for a while in despair1 on the damp mud 
below1 and feared that his end was nigh4
 ,but his pipe happened to be in his    
pocket still half full1 and he thought  
to himself1 ,i may as well make an end  
of smoking you out2 it is the last      
pleasure ,i shall have in this world4   
,so he lit it at the blue light and     
began to smoke4  ,up rose a cloud of    
smoke1 and on a sudden a little black   
dwarf was seen making his way through   
the midst of it4 ,what do you want with 
me1 soldier8 said he4  ,i have no       
business with you1 answered he4  ,but   

the dwarf said1 ,i am bound to serve you
 in every thing1 as lord and master of  
the blue light4  ,then first of all1 be 
so good as to help me out of this well4 
,no sooner said than done3 the dwarf    
took him by the hand and drew him up1   
and the blue light of course with him4  
,now do me another piece of kindness1   
said the soldier3 pray let that old lady
 take my place in the well4  ,when the  
dwarf had done this1 and lodged the     
witch safely at the bottom1 they began  
to ransack her treasures2 and the       
soldier made bold to carry off as much  
of her gold and silver as he well could4
 ,then the dwarf said1 ,if you should   
chance at any time to want me1 you have 
nothing to do but to light your pipe at 
the blue light1 and ,i will soon be with
 you4  ,the soldier was not a little    
pleased at his good luck1 and went to   
the best inn in the first town he came  
to and ordered some fine clothes to be  
made and a handsome room to be got ready
 for him4 ,when all was ready1 he called

 his little man to him and said1 ,the   
king sent me away penniless and left me 
to hunger and want4 ,i have a mind to   
show him that it is my turn to be master
 now2 so bring me his daughter here this
 evening1 that she may wait upon me and 
do what ,i bid her4  ,that is rather a  
dangerous task1 said the dwarf4 ,but    
away he went1 took the princess out of  
her bed1 fast asleep as she was1 and    
brought her to the soldier4  ,very early
 in the morning he carried her back2 and
 as soon as she saw her father1 she     
said1 ,i had a strange dream last night4
 ,i thought ,i was carried away through 
the air to a soldier's house1 and there 
,i waited upon him as his servant4 ,then
 the king wondered greatly at such a    
story2 but told her to make a hole in   
her pocket and fill it with peas1 so    
that if it were really as she said1 and 
the whole was not a dream1 the peas     
might fall out in the streets as she    
passed through1 and leave a clue to tell
 whither she had been taken4 ,she did   

so2 but the dwarf had heard the king's  
plot2 and when evening came1 and the    
soldier said he must bring him the      
princess again1 he strewed peas over    
several of the streets1 so that the few 
that fell from her pocket were not known
 from the others2 and the people amused 
themselves all the next day picking up  
peas and wondering where so many came   
from4  ,when the princess told her      
father what had happened to her the     
second time1 he said1 ,take one of your 
shoes with you and hide it in the room  
you are taken to4  ,the dwarf heard this
 also2 and when the soldier told him to 
bring the king's daughter again1 he     
said1 ,i cannot save you this time2 it  
will be an unlucky thing for you if you 
are found out--as ,i think you will4    
,but the soldier would have his own way4
 ,then you must take care and make the  
best of your way out of the city gate   
very early in the morning1 said the     
dwarf4  ,the princess kept one shoe on  
as her father bid her1 and hid it in the

 soldier's room2 and when she got back  
to her father1 he ordered it to be      
sought for all over the town2 and at    
last it was found where she had hid it4 
,the soldier had run away1 it is true2  
but he had been too slow and was soon   
caught and thrown into a strong prison  
and loaded with chains4 ,what was worse1
 in the hurry of his flight1 he had left
 behind him his great treasure1 the blue
 light1 and all his gold1 and had       
nothing left in his pocket but one poor 
ducat4  ,as he was standing very        
sorrowful at the prison grating1 he saw 
one of his comrades1 and calling out to 
him said1 ,if you will bring me a little
 bundle ,i left in the inn1 ,i will give
 you a ducat4  ,his comrade thought this
 very good pay for such a job2 so he    
went away and soon came back bringing   
the blue light and the gold4 ,then the  
prisoner soon lit his pipe4 ,up rose the
 smoke1 and with it came his old friend1
 the little dwarf4 ,do not fear1 master1
 said he3 keep up your heart at your    

trial and leave everything to take its  
course2--only mind to take the blue     
light with you4  ,the trial soon came   
on2 the matter was sifted to the bottom2
 the prisoner found guilty1 and his doom
 passed3--he was ordered to be hanged   
forthwith on the gallows-tree4  ,but as 
he was led out1 he said he had one favor
 to beg of the king4 ,what is it8 said  
his majesty4  ,that you will deign to   
let me smoke one pipe on the road4      
,two1 if you like1 said the king4  ,then
 he lit his pipe at the blue light1 and 
the black dwarf was before him in a     
moment4 ,be so good as to kill1 slay1 or
 put to flight all these people1 said   
the soldier3 and as for the king1 you   
may cut him into three pieces4  ,then   
the dwarf began to lay about him1 and   
soon got rid of the crowd around3 but   
the king begged hard for mercy2 and1 to 
save his life1 agreed to let the soldier
 have the princess for his wife and to  
leave the kingdom to him when he died4  
#age          ,the following tale is    

from ,taylor's translation         of   
,grimm4 ,the cheerful industry and the  
kindly         gratitude of the         
shoemaker and his wife1         together
 with the gayety of the little elves1   
make the story altogether charming4 ,no 
doubt         its popularity was helped 
by ,cruikshank's         famous         
accompanying etching1 showing the scene 
at the close1 in which the two elves are
 drawn         with a point at once so  
precise and vivacious1         so full  
of keen fun and inimitably happy        
invention1 that ,i have not found their 
equal in         comic etching anywhere4
 4 4 4 ,the picturesque         details 
of the room are etched with the same    
felicitous intelligence2 but the marvel 
of the         work is in the expression
 of the strange little         faces1   
and the energy of the comical wee       
limbs4 7,hamerton1 ,etching and         
,etchers47   ,,the ,,elves ,,and ,,the  
,,shoemaker  ,there was once a shoemaker
 who worked very hard and was very      

honest2 but still he could not earn     
enough to live upon1 and at last all he 
had in the world was gone1 except just  
leather enough to make one pair of      
shoes4 ,then he cut them all ready to   
make up the next day1 meaning to get up 
early in the morning to work4 ,his      
conscience was clear and his heart light
 amidst all his troubles2 so he went    
peaceably to bed1 left all his cares to 
heaven1 and fell asleep4 ,in the        
morning1 after he had said his prayers1 
he set himself down to his work1 but to 
his great wonder1 there stood the shoes1
 all ready made1 upon the table4 ,the   
good man knew not what to say or think  
of this strange event4 ,he looked at the
 workmanship3 there was not one false   
stitch in the whole job1 and all was so 
neat and true that it was a complete    
masterpiece4  ,that same day a customer 
came in1 and the shoes pleased him so   
well that he willingly paid a price     
higher than usual for them2 and the poor
 shoemaker with the money bought leather

 enough to make two pairs more4 ,in the 
evening he cut out the work and went to 
bed early that he might get up and begin
 betimes next day3 but he was saved all 
the trouble1 for when he got up in the  
morning the work was finished ready to  
his hand4 ,presently in came buyers1 who
 paid him handsomely for his goods1 so  
that he bought leather enough for four  
pairs more4 ,he cut out the work again  
over night1 and found it finished in the
 morning as before2 and so it went on   
for some time3 what was got ready in the
 evening was always done by daybreak1   
and the good man soon became thriving   
and prosperous again4  ,one evening     
about ,christmas time1 as he and his    
wife were sitting over the fire chatting
 together1 he said to her1 ,i should    
like to sit up and watch to-night1 that 
we may see who it is that comes and does
 my work for me4 ,the wife liked the    
thought2 so they left a light burning   
and hid themselves in the corner of the 
room behind a curtain that was hung up  

there1 and watched what should happen4  
,as soon as it was midnight1 there came 
two little naked dwarfs2 and they sat   
themselves upon the shoemaker's bench1  
took up all the work that was cut out1  
and began to ply with their little      
fingers1 stitching and rapping and      
tapping away at such a rate that the    
shoemaker was all amazement and could   
not take his eyes off for a moment4 ,and
 on they went till the job was quite    
finished1 and the shoes stood ready for 
use upon the table4 ,this was long      
before daybreak2 and then they bustled  
away as quick as lightning4  ,the next  
day the wife said to the shoemaker1     
,these little wights have made us rich1 
and we ought to be thankful to them and 
do them a good office in return4 ,i am  
quite vexed to see them run about as    
they do2 they have nothing upon their   
backs to keep off the cold4 ,i'll tell  
you what1 ,i will make each of them a   
shirt1 and a coat and waistcoat1 and a  
pair of pantaloons into the bargain2 do 

you make each of them a little pair of  
shoes4  ,the thought pleased the good   
shoemaker very much2 and one evening1   
when all the things were ready1 they    
laid them on the table instead of the   
work that they used to cut out1 and then
 went and hid themselves to watch what  
the little elves would do4 ,about       
midnight they came in and were going to 
sit down to their work as usual2 but    
when they saw the clothes lying for     
them1 they laughed and were greatly     
delighted4 ,then they dressed themselves
 in the twinkling of an eye1 and danced 
and capered and sprang about as merry as
 could be1 till at last they danced out 
at the door and over the green2 and the 
shoemaker saw them no more2 but         
everything went well with him from that 
time forward1 as long as he lived4      
#agf          ,in a note regarding ,the 
,fisherman and ,his         ,wife1      
,taylor calls attention to the          
interesting fact that this tale became a
 great         favorite after the battle

 of ,waterloo during         the fervor 
of popular feeling on the downfall      
of the late ,emperor of ,france4 ,the   
catastrophe         attendant upon      
,napoleon's ambitious efforts           
seemed to the popular mind to be        
paralleled by         the penalty       
following the final wish of the         
wife to be like unto ,god4 ,but observe 
that         ,taylor1 unlike more recent
 translators1 felt         under the    
necessity of softening the boldness     
of the lady's ambition4 ,the versions of
 the         verse charm used in        
summoning the fish differ               
strikingly in the various translations4 
,that of         ,taylor's first        
edition1 used here1 seems to fit        
the story better than any other1 though 
tellers         of the story may1       
properly enough1 not agree4             
,taylor's revised version of #ahcg      
reads3          ,o man of the sea6      
,hearken to me6         ,my wife        
,ilsabill         ,will have her own    

will1         ,and hath sent me to beg a
 boon of thee6          ,mrs4 ,hunt's   
version runs3          ,flounder1       
flounder in the sea1         ,come1 ,i  
pray thee1 come to me2         ,for my  
wife1 good ,ilsabil1         ,wills not 
as ,i'd have her will4          ,the    
moral of the story is plain for those   
who         need it3 ,greed overreaches 
itself4 ,who grasps         too much    
loses all4 ,don't ride a free horse to  
death4   ,,the ,,fisherman ,,and ,,his  
,,wife  ,there was once a fisherman who 
lived with his wife in a ditch1 close by
 the sea-side4 ,the fisherman used to go
 out all day long a-fishing2 and one    
day1 as he sat on the shore with his    
rod1 looking at the shining water and   
watching his line1 all on a sudden his  
float was dragged away deep under the   
sea3 and in drawing it up he pulled a   
great fish out of the water4 ,the fish  
said to him1 ,pray let me live3 ,i am   
not a real fish2 ,i am an enchanted     
prince4 ,put me in the water again1 and 

let me go4  ,oh6 said the man1 you need 
not make so many words about the matter4
 ,i wish to have nothing to do with a   
fish that can talk2 so swim away as soon
 as you please4 ,then he put him back   
into the water1 and the fish darted     
straight down to the bottom and left a  
long streak of blood behind him4  ,when 
the fisherman went home to his wife in  
the ditch1 he told her how he had caught
 a great fish1 and how it had told him  
it was an enchanted prince1 and that on 
hearing it speak he had let it go again4
  ,did you not ask it for anything8 said
 the wife4  ,no1 said the man1 what     
should ,i ask for8  ,ah6 said the wife1 
we live very wretchedly here in this    
nasty stinking ditch4 ,do go back1 and  
tell the fish we want a little cottage4 
,the fisherman did not much like the    
business2 however he went to the sea1   
and when he came there the water looked 
all yellow and green4 ,and he stood at  
the water's edge1 and said1             
,o man of the sea6           ,come      

listen to me1           ,for ,alice my  
wife1           ,the plague of my life1 
,hath sent me to beg a boon of thee6    
,then the fish came swimming to him1 and
 said1 ,well1 what does she want8  ,ah6 
answered the fisherman1 my wife says    
that when ,i had caught you1 ,i ought to
 have asked you for something before ,i 
let you go again4 ,she does not like    
living any longer in the ditch1 and     
wants a little cottage4  ,go home1 then1
 said the fish4 ,she is in the cottage  
already4  ,so the man went home and saw 
his wife standing at the door of a      
cottage4 ,come in1 come in1 said she2 is
 not this much better than the ditch8   
,and there was a parlor1 and a          
bed-chamber1 and a kitchen2 and behind  
the cottage there was a little garden   
with all sorts of flowers and fruits1   
and a court-yard full of ducks and      
chickens4  ,ah6 said the fisherman1 how 
happily we shall live6  ,we will try to 
do so at least1 said his wife4          
,everything went right for a week or    

two1 and then ,dame ,alice said1        
,husband1 there is not room enough in   
this cottage2 the court-yard and garden 
are a great deal too small4 ,i should   
like to have a large stone castle to    
live in2 so go to the fish again1 and   
tell him to give us a castle4  ,wife1   
said the fisherman1 ,i don't like to go 
to him again1 for perhaps he will be    
angry4 ,we ought to be content with the 
cottage4  ,nonsense6 said the wife2 he  
will do it very willingly4 ,go along1   
and try4  ,the fisherman went2 but his  
heart was very heavy3 and when he came  
to the sea1 it looked blue and gloomy1  
though it was quite calm1 and he went   
close to it and said1            ,o man 
of the sea6           ,come listen to   
me1           ,for ,alice my wife1      
,the plague of my life1         ,hath   
sent me to beg a boon of thee6  ,well1  
what does she want now8 said the fish4  
,ah6 said the man very sorrowfully1 my  
wife wants to live in a stone castle4   
,go home then1 said the fish4 ,she is   

standing at the door of it already4 ,so 
away went the fisherman and found his   
wife standing before a great castle4    
,see1 said she1 is not this grand8 ,with
 that they went into the castle together
 and found a great many servants there  
and the rooms all richly furnished and  
full of golden chairs and tables2 and   
behind the castle was a garden1 and a   
wood half a mile long1 full of sheep1   
and goats1 and hares1 and deer2 and in  
the court-yard were stables and         
cow-houses4  ,well1 said the man1 now   
will we live contented and happy in this
 beautiful castle for the rest of our   
lives4  ,perhaps we may1 said the wife2 
but let us consider and sleep upon it   
before we make up our minds3 so they    
went to bed4  ,the next morning when    
,dame ,alice awoke1 it was broad        
daylight1 and she jogged the fisherman  
with her elbow and said1 ,get up1       
husband1 and bestir yourself1 for we    
must be king of all the land4  ,wife1   
wife1 said the man1 why should we wish  

to be king8 ,i will not be king4  ,then 
,i will1 said ,alice4  ,but1 wife1      
answered the fisherman1 how can you be  
king8 ,the fish cannot make you a king4 
,husband1 said she1 say no more about   
it1 but go and try4 ,i will be king6    
,so the man went away1 quite sorrowful  
to think that his wife should want to be
 king4 ,the sea looked a dark grey      
color1 and was covered with foam as he  
cried out1            ,o man of the sea6
           ,come listen to me1          
,for ,alice my wife1           ,the     
plague of my life1         ,hath sent me
 to beg a boon of thee6  ,well1 what    
would she have now8 said the fish4      
,alas6 said the man1 my wife wants to be
 king4  ,go home1 said the fish4 ,she is
 king already4  ,then the fisherman went
 home2 and as he came close to the      
palace1 he saw a troop of soldiers and  
heard the sound of drums and trumpets2  
and when he entered in1 he saw his wife 
sitting on a high throne of gold and    
diamonds1 with a golden crown upon her  

head2 and on each side of her stood six 
beautiful maidens1 each a head taller   
than the other4 ,well1 wife1 said the   
fisherman1 are you king8  ,yes1 said    
she1 ,i am king4  ,and when he had      
looked at her for a long time1 he said1 
,ah1 wife6 what a fine thing it is to be
 king6 ,now we shall never have anything
 more to wish for4  ,i don't know how   
that may be1 said she2 never is a long  
time4 ,i am king1 'tis true1 but ,i     
begin to be tired of it1 and ,i think ,i
 should like to be emperor4  ,alas1     
wife6 why should you wish to be emperor8
 said the fisherman4  ,husband1 said    
she1 go to the fish2 ,i say ,i will be  
emperor4  ,ah1 wife6 replied the        
fisherman1 the fish cannot make an      
emperor1 and ,i should not like to ask  
for such a thing4  ,i am king1 said     
,alice1 and you are my slave1 so go     
directly6  ,so the fisherman was obliged
 to go2 and he muttered as he went      
along1 ,this will come to no good4 ,it  
is too much to ask4 ,the fish will be   

tired at last1 and then we shall repent 
of what we have done4 ,he soon arrived  
at the sea1 and the water was quite     
black and muddy1 and a mighty whirlwind 
blew over it2 but he went to the shore1 
and said1            ,o man of the sea6 
,come listen to me1           ,for      
,alice my wife1           ,the plague of
 my life1         ,hath sent me to beg a
 boon of thee6  ,what would she have    
now6 said the fish4  ,ah6 said the      
fisherman1 she wants to be emperor4  ,go
 home1 said the fish4 ,she is emperor   
already4  ,so he went home again2 and as
 he came near he saw his wife sitting on
 a very lofty throne made of solid gold1
 with a great crown on her head full two
 yards high1 and on each side of her    
stood her guards and attendants in a    
row1 each one smaller than the other1   
from the tallest giant down to a little 
dwarf no bigger than my finger4 ,and    
before her stood princes1 and dukes1 and
 earls3 and the fisherman went up to her
 and said1 ,wife1 are you emperor8      

,yes1 said she1 ,i am emperor4  ,ah6    
said the man as he gazed upon her1 what 
a fine thing it is to be emperor6       
,husband1 said she1 why should we stay  
at being emperor2 ,i will be pope next4 
,o wife1 wife6 said he1 how can you be  
pope8 ,there is but one pope at a time  
in ,christendom4  ,husband1 said she1 ,i
 will be pope this very day4  ,but1     
replied the husband1 the fish cannot    
make you pope4  ,what nonsense6 said    
she1 if he can make an emperor1 he can  
make a pope4 ,go and try him4  ,so the  
fisherman went4 ,but when he came to the
 shore the wind was raging1 and the sea 
was tossed up and down like boiling     
water1 and the ships were in the        
greatest distress and danced upon the   
waves most fearfully4 ,in the middle of 
the sky there was a little blue1 but    
toward the south it was all red as if a 
dreadful storm were rising4 ,at this the
 fisherman was terribly frightened1 and 
trembled1 so that his knees knocked     
together3 but he went to the shore and  

said1            ,o man of the sea6     
,come listen to me1           ,for      
,alice my wife1           ,the plague of
 my life1         ,hath sent me to beg a
 boon of thee6  ,what does she want now8
 said the fish4  ,ah6 said the          
fisherman1 my wife wants to be pope4    
,go home1 said the fish4 ,she is pope   
already4  ,then the fisherman went home 
and found his wife sitting on a throne  
that was two miles high2 and she had    
three great crowns on her head1 and     
around stood all the pomp and power of  
the ,church2 and on each side were two  
rows of burning lights of all sizes1 the
 greatest as large as the highest and   
biggest tower in the world1 and the     
least no larger than a small rushlight4 
,wife1 said the fisherman as he looked  
at all this grandeur1 are you pope8     
,yes1 said she1 ,i am pope4  ,well1     
wife1 replied he1 it is a grand thing to
 be pope2 and now you must be content1  
for you can be nothing greater4  ,i will
 consider of that1 said the wife4 ,then 

they went to bed3 but ,dame ,alice could
 not sleep all night for thinking what  
she should be next4 ,at last morning    
came1 and the sun rose4 ,ha6 thought she
 as she looked at it through the window1
 cannot ,i prevent the sun rising8 ,at  
this she was very angry1 and she wakened
 her husband and said1 ,husband1 go to  
the fish and tell him ,i want to be lord
 of the sun and moon4 ,the fisherman was
 half asleep1 but the thought frightened
 him so much that he started and fell   
out of bed4 ,alas1 wife6 said he1 cannot
 you be content to be pope8  ,no1 said  
she1 ,i am very uneasy1 and cannot bear 
to see the sun and moon rise without my 
leave4 ,go to the fish directly4  ,then 
the man went trembling for fear2 and as 
he was going down to the shore a        
dreadful storm arose1 so that the trees 
and the rocks shook2 and the heavens    
became black1 and the lightning played1 
and the thunder rolled2 and you might   
have seen in the sea great black waves  
like mountains with a white crown of    

foam upon them2 and the fisherman said1 
,o man of the sea6           ,come      
listen to me1           ,for ,alice my  
wife1           ,the plague of my life1 
,hath sent me to beg a boon of thee6    
,what does she want now8 said the fish4 
,ah6 said he1 she wants to be lord of   
the sun and moon4 ,go home1 said the    
fish1 to your ditch again6 ,and there   
they live to this very day4    #agg     
,the ,grimm version of ,the ,sleeping   
,beauty is1         by all odds1 the    
finest one4 ,its perfect         economy
 in the use of story materials has      
always been admired4 ,perrault's version
 drags         in an unnecessary ogre   
and spoils a good story         by not  
knowing when to stop4 ,the ,grimm title 
is         ,dornroeschen1 and the more  
literal         translation1 ,brier     
,rose1 is the one generally         used
 as the ,english title1 rather than the 
one         given by ,taylor1 whose     
translation follows4         ,tennyson  
has a very beautiful poetic rendering   

of this story in his ,day-,dream4       
,,rose-,,bud  ,once upon a time there   
lived a king and queen who had no       
children2 and this they lamented very   
much4 ,but one day as the queen was     
walking by the side of the river1 a     
little fish lifted its head out of the  
water and said1 ,your wish shall be     
fulfilled1 and you shall soon have a    
daughter4  ,what the little fish had    
foretold soon came to pass2 and the     
queen had a little girl that was so very
 beautiful that the king could not cease
 looking on it for joy1 and determined  
to hold a great feast4 ,so he invited   
not only his relations1 friends1 and    
neighbors1 but also all the fairies1    
that they might be kind and good to his 
little daughter4  ,now there were       
thirteen fairies in his kingdom1 and he 
had only twelve golden dishes for them  
to eat out of1 so he was obliged to     
leave one of the fairies without an     
invitation4 ,the rest came1 and after   
the feast was over they gave all their  

best gifts to the little princess3 one  
gave her virtue1 another beauty1 another
 riches1 and so on till she had all that
 was excellent in the world4 ,when      
eleven had done blessing her1 the       
thirteenth1 who had not been invited and
 was very angry on that account1 came in
 and determined to take her revenge4 ,so
 she cried out1 ,the king's daughter    
shall in her fifteenth year be wounded  
by a spindle1 and fall down dead4  ,then
 the twelfth1 who had not yet given her 
gift1 came forward and said that the bad
 wish must be fulfilled1 but that she   
could soften it1 and that the king's    
daughter should not die1 but fall asleep
 for a hundred years4  ,but the king    
hoped to save his dear child from the   
threatened evil and ordered that all the
 spindles in the kingdom should be      
bought up and destroyed4 ,all the       
fairies' gifts were in the meantime     
fulfilled1 for the princess was so      
beautiful1 and well-behaved1 and        
amiable1 and wise that every one who    

knew her loved her4 ,now it happened    
that on the very day she was fifteen    
years old the king and queen were not at
 home1 and she was left alone in the    
palace4 ,so she roved about by herself  
and looked at all the rooms and chambers
 till at last she came to an old tower1 
to which there was a narrow staircase   
ending with a little door4 ,in the door 
there was a golden key1 and when she    
turned it the door sprang open1 and     
there sat an old lady spinning away very
 busily4 ,why1 how now1 good mother1    
said the princess1 what are you doing   
there8  ,spinning1 said the old lady1   
and nodded her head4  ,how prettily that
 little thing turns round6 said the     
princess1 and took the spindle and began
 to spin4 ,but scarcely had she touched 
it before the prophecy was fulfilled1   
and she fell down lifeless on the       
ground4  ,however1 she was not dead1 but
 had only fallen into a deep sleep2 and 
the king and the queen1 who just then   
came home1 and all their court1 fell    

asleep too2 and the horses slept in the 
stables1 and the dogs in the court1 the 
pigeons on the house-top and the flies  
on the walls4 ,even the fire on the     
hearth left off blazing and went to     
sleep2 and the meat that was roasting   
stood still2 and the cook1 who was at   
that moment pulling the kitchen-boy by  
the hair to give him a box on the ear   
for something he had done amiss1 let him
 go1 and both fell asleep2 and so       
everything stood still1 and slept       
soundly4  ,a large hedge of thorns soon 
grew round the palace1 and every year it
 became higher and thicker till at last 
the whole palace was surrounded and hid1
 so that not even the roof or the       
chimneys could be seen4 ,but there went 
a report through all the land of the    
beautiful sleeping ,rose-,bud 7for so   
was the king's daughter called72 so that
 from time to time several kings' sons  
came and tried to break through the     
thicket into the palace4 ,this they     
could never do1 for the thorns and      

bushes laid hold of them as it were with
 hands1 and there they stuck fast and   
died miserably4  ,after many many years 
there came a king's son into that land1 
and an old man told him the story of the
 thicket of thorns1 and how a beautiful 
palace stood behind it1 in which was a  
wondrous princess1 called ,rose-,bud1   
asleep with all her court4 ,he told1    
too1 how he had heard from his          
grandfather that many many princes had  
come1 and had tried to break through the
 thicket1 but had stuck fast and died4  
,then the young prince said1 ,all this  
shall not frighten me4 ,i will go and   
see ,rose-,bud4 ,the old man tried to   
dissuade him1 but he persisted in going4
  ,now that very day were the hundred   
years completed2 and as the prince came 
to the thicket1 he saw nothing but      
beautiful flowering shrubs1 through     
which he passed with ease1 and they     
closed after him as firm as ever4 ,then 
he came at last to the palace1 and there
 in the court lay the dogs asleep1 and  

the horses in the stables1 and on the   
roof sat the pigeons fast asleep with   
their heads under their wings2 and when 
he came into the palace1 the flies slept
 on the walls1 and the cook in the      
kitchen was still holding up her hand as
 if she would beat the boy1 and the maid
 sat with a black fowl in her hand ready
 to be plucked4  ,then he went on still 
further1 and all was so still that he   
could hear every breath he drew2 till at
 last he came to the old tower and      
opened the door of the little room in   
which ,rose-,bud was1 and there she lay 
fast asleep1 and looked so beautiful    
that he could not take his eyes off1 and
 he stooped down and gave her a kiss4   
,but the moment he kissed her she opened
 her eyes and awoke and smiled upon him4
 ,then they went out together1 and      
presently the king and queen also awoke1
 and all the court1 and they gazed on   
one another with great wonder4 ,and the 
horses got up and shook themselves1 and 
the dogs jumped about and barked2 the   

pigeons took their heads from under     
their wings and looked about and flew   
into the fields2 the flies on the walls 
buzzed away2 the fire in the kitchen    
blazed up and cooked the dinner1 and the
 roast meat turned round again2 the cook
 gave the boy the box on his ear so that
 he cried out1 and the maid went on     
plucking the fowl4 ,and then was the    
wedding of the prince and ,rose-,bud    
celebrated1 and they lived happily      
together all their lives long4    #agh  
,the story of ,rumpelstiltskin is taken 
from         ,margaret ,hunt's          
translation of ,grimm4 ,it is the       
same story as ,tom ,tit ,tot 7,no4      
#afj71 and is         given in order    
that the teacher may compare the        
two4 ,grimm's is the most familiar of   
the many         versions of this tale  
and is probably the best         for use
 with children1 although the little     
man lacks some of the fascinating power 
of         that with its twirling tail4 
,,rumpelstiltskin  ,once there was a    

miller who was poor1 but who had a      
beautiful daughter4 ,now it happened    
that he had to go and speak to the      
,king1 and in order to make himself     
appear important he said to him1 ,i have
 a daughter who can spin straw into     
gold4  ,the ,king said to the miller1   
,that is an art which pleases me well4  
,if your daughter is as clever as you   
say1 bring her tomorrow to my palace1   
and ,i will try what she can do4  ,and  
when the girl was brought to him he took
 her into a room which was quite full of
 straw1 gave her a spinning-wheel and a 
reel1 and said1 ,now set to work1 and if
 by tomorrow morning early you have not 
spun this straw into gold during the    
night1 you must die4 ,thereupon he      
himself locked up the room1 and left her
 in it alone4 ,so there sat the poor    
miller's daughter1 and for her life     
could not tell what to do4 ,she had no  
idea how straw could be spun into gold1 
and she grew more and more miserable1   
until at last she began to weep4  ,but  

all at once the door opened1 and in came
 a little man1 and said1 ,good evening1 
,mistress ,miller2 why are you crying   
so8  ,alas6 answered the girl1 ,i have  
to spin straw into gold1 and ,i do not  
know how to do it4  ,what will you give 
me1 said the manikin1 if ,i do it for   
you8  ,my necklace1 said the girl4 ,the 
little man took the necklace1 seated    
himself in front of the wheel1 and whir1
 whir1 whir1 three turns1 and the reel  
was full2 then he put another on1 and   
whir1 whir1 whir1 three times round1 and
 the second was full1 too4 ,and so it   
went on until the morning1 when all the 
straw was spun1 and all the reels were  
full of gold4 ,by daybreak the ,king was
 already there1 and when he saw the gold
 he was astonished and delighted1 but   
his heart became only more greedy4 ,he  
had the miller's daughter taken into    
another room full of straw1 which was   
much larger1 and commanded her to spin  
that also in one night if she valued her
 life4 ,the girl knew not how to help   

herself1 and was crying1 when the door  
again opened1 and the little man        
appeared1 and said1 ,what will you give 
me if ,i spin the straw into gold for   
you8  ,the ring on my finger1 answered  
the girl4  ,the little man took the     
ring1 again began to turn the wheel1 and
 by morning had spun all the straw into 
glittering gold4  ,the ,king rejoiced   
beyond measure at the sight1 but still  
he had not gold enough2 and he had the  
miller's daughter taken into a still    
larger room full of straw1 and said1    
,you must spin this1 too1 in the course 
of this night2 but if you succeed1 you  
shall be my wife4 ,even if she be a     
miller's daughter1 thought he1 ,i could 
not find a richer wife in the whole     
world4  ,when the girl was alone the    
manikin came again for the third time1  
and said1 ,what will you give me if ,i  
spin the straw for you this time also8  
,i have nothing left that ,i could give1
 answered the girl4  ,then promise me1  
if you should become ,queen1 your first 

child4  ,who knows whether that will    
ever happen8 thought the miller's       
daughter2 and1 not knowing how else to  
help herself in this strait1 she        
promised the manikin what he wanted1 and
 for that he once more spun the straw   
into gold4  ,and when the ,king came in 
the morning1 and found all as he had    
wished1 he took her in marriage1 and the
 pretty miller's daughter became a      
,queen4  ,a year after1 she had a       
beautiful child1 and she never gave a   
thought to the manikin4 ,but suddenly he
 came into her room1 and said1 ,now give
 me what you promised4  ,the ,queen was 
horror-struck1 and offered the manikin  
all the riches of the kingdom if he     
would leave her the child4 ,but the     
manikin said1 ,no1 something that is    
living is dearer to me than all the     
treasures in the world4  ,then the      
,queen began to weep and cry1 so that   
the manikin pitied her4 ,i will give you
 three days' time1 said he2 if by that  
time you find out my name1 then shall   

you keep your child4  ,so the ,queen    
thought the whole night of all the names
 that she had ever heard1 and she sent a
 messenger over the country to inquire1 
far and wide1 for any other names that  
there might be4 ,when the manikin came  
the next day1 she began with ,caspar1   
,melchior1 ,balthazar1 and said all the 
names she knew1 one after another2 but  
to every one the little man said1 ,that 
is not my name4 ,on the second day she  
had inquiries made in the neighborhood  
as to the names of the people there1 and
 she repeated to the manikin the most   
uncommon and curious4 ,perhaps your name
 is ,shortribs1 or ,sheepshanks1 or     
,laceleg8 but he always answered1 ,that 
is not my name4  ,on the third day the  
messenger came back again1 and said1 ,i 
have not been able to find a single new 
name1 but as ,i came to a high mountain 
at the end of the forest1 where the fox 
and the hare bid each other good-night1 
there ,i saw a little house1 and before 
the house a fire was burning1 and round 

about the fire quite a ridiculous little
 man was jumping2 he hopped upon one    
leg1 and shouted3            ,to-day ,i 
bake1 to-morrow brew1           ,the    
next ,i'll have the young ,queen's      
child4         ,ha6 glad am ,i that no  
one knew           ,that                
,rumpelstiltskin ,i am styled4'  ,you   
may think how glad the ,queen was when  
she heard the name6 ,and when soon      
afterwards the little man came in1 and  
asked1 ,now1 ,mistress ,queen1 what is  
my name8  ,at first she said1 ,is your  
name ,conrad8  ,no4  ,is your name      
,harry8  ,no4  ,perhaps your name is    
,rumpelstiltskin8  ,the devil has told  
you that6 the devil has told you that6  
cried the little man1 and in his anger  
he plunged his right foot so deep into  
the earth that his whole leg went in2   
and then in rage he pulled at his left  
leg so hard with both hands that he tore
 himself in two4    #agi                
,margaret ,hunt's translation of        
,grimm's         ,snow-,white and       

,rose-,red follows4 ,it has long        
been recognized as one of the most      
beautiful         and appealing of folk 
tales4 ,the scenic         effects1 the 
domestic life with its maternal         
and filial affection1 the kindness to   
animals         and helpfulness to each 
other and to those in         distress1 
the adventures with dwarf and bear1     
the magic enchantment of goodness       
through the         power of evil1 and  
the happy conclusion         following  
the removal of this enchantment--all    
these are blended into a perfect union  
that         never fails to delight the 
listener of any age4  ,,snow-,,white    
,,and ,,rose-,,red  ,there was once a   
poor widow who lived in a lonely        
cottage4 ,in front of the cottage was a 
garden wherein stood two rose-trees1 one
 of which bore white and the other red  
roses4 ,she had two children who were   
like the two rose-trees1 and one was    
called ,snow-white1 and the other       
,rose-red4 ,they were as good and happy1

 as busy and cheerful as ever two       
children in the world were1 only        
,snow-white was more quiet and gentle   
than ,rose-red4 ,rose-red liked better  
to run about in the meadows and fields  
seeking flowers and catching            
butterflies2 but ,snow-white sat at home
 with her mother1 and helped her with   
her housework1 or read to her when there
 was nothing to do4  ,the two children  
were so fond of each other that they    
always held each other by the hand when 
they went out together1 and when        
,snow-white said1 ,we will not leave    
each other1 ,rose-red answered1 ,never  
so long as we live1 and their mother    
would add1 ,what one has she must share 
with the other4  ,they often ran about  
the forest alone and gathered red       
berries1 and no beasts did them any     
harm1 but came close to them trustfully4
 ,the little hare would eat a           
cabbage-leaf out of their hands1 the roe
 grazed by their side1 the stag leaped  
merrily by them1 and the birds sat still

 upon the boughs and sang whatever they 
knew4  ,no mishap overtook them2 if they
 had stayed too late in the forest1 and 
night came on1 they laid themselves down
 near each other upon the moss and slept
 until morning came1 and their mother   
knew this and had no distress on their  
account4  ,once when they had spent the 
night in the wood and the dawn had      
roused them1 they saw a beautiful child 
in a shining white dress sitting near   
their bed4 ,he got up and looked quite  
kindly at them1 but said nothing and    
went away into the forest4 ,and when    
they looked round they found that they  
had been sleeping quite close to a      
precipice1 and would certainly have     
fallen into it in the darkness if they  
had gone only a few paces farther4 ,and 
their mother told them that it must have
 been the angel who watches over good   
children4  ,snow-white and ,rose-red    
kept their mother's little cottage so   
neat that it was a pleasure to look     
inside it4 ,in the summer ,rose-red took

 care of the house1 and every morning   
laid a wreath of flowers by her mother's
 bed before she awoke1 in which was a   
rose from each tree4 ,in the winter     
,snow-white lit the fire and hung the   
kettle on the crane4 ,the kettle was of 
copper and shone like gold1 so brightly 
was it polished4 ,in the evening1 when  
the snowflakes fell1 the mother said1   
,go1 ,snow-white1 and bolt the door1 and
 then they sat round the hearth1 and the
 mother took her spectacles and read    
aloud out of a large book1 and the two  
girls listened as they sat and spun4    
,and close by them lay a lamb upon the  
floor1 and behind them upon a perch sat 
a white dove with its head hidden       
beneath its wings4  ,one evening1 as    
they were thus sitting comfortably      
together1 some one knocked at the door  
as if he wished to be let in4 ,the      
mother said1 ,quick1 ,rose-red1 open the
 door1 it must be a traveler who is     
seeking shelter4 ,rose-red went and     
pushed back the bolt1 thinking that it  

was a poor man1 but it was not2 it was a
 bear that stretched his broad1 black   
head within the door4  ,rose-red        
screamed and sprang back1 the lamb      
bleated1 the dove fluttered1 and        
,snow-white hid herself behind her      
mother's bed4 ,but the bear began to    
speak and said1 ,do not be afraid1 ,i   
will do you no harm6 ,i am half-frozen1 
and only want to warm myself a little   
beside you4  ,poor bear1 said the       
mother1 lie down by the fire1 only take 
care that you do not burn your coat4    
,then she cried1 ,snow-white1 ,rose-red1
 come out2 the bear will do you no harm2
 he means well4 ,so they both came out1 
and by-and-by the lamb and dove came    
nearer1 and were not afraid of him4     
,the bear said1 ,here1 children1 knock  
the snow out of my coat a little2 so    
they brought the broom and swept the    
bear's hide clean2 and he stretched     
himself by the fire and growled         
contentedly and comfortably4 ,it was not
 long before they grew quite at home and

 played tricks with their clumsy guest4 
,they tugged his hair with their hands1 
put their feet upon his back and rolled 
him about1 or they took a hazel-switch  
and beat him1 and when he growled they  
laughed4 ,but the bear took it all in   
good part1 only when they were too rough
 he called out1 ,leave me alive1        
children--          ,snowy-white1       
,rosy-red1         ,will you beat your  
lover dead8  ,when it was bed-time1 and 
the others went to bed1 the mother said 
to the bear1 ,you can lie there by the  
hearth1 and then you will be safe from  
the cold and the bad weather4 ,as soon  
as day dawned the two children let him  
out1 and he trotted across the snow into
 the forest4  ,henceforth the bear came 
every evening at the same time1 laid    
himself down by the hearth1 and let the 
children amuse themselves with him as   
much as they liked2 and they got so used
 to him that the doors were never       
fastened until their black friend had   
arrived4  ,when spring had come and all 

outside was green1 the bear said one    
morning to ,snow-white1 ,now ,i must go 
away1 and cannot come back for the whole
 summer4  ,where are you going1 then1   
dear bear8 asked ,snow-white4  ,i must  
go into the forest and guard my         
treasures from the wicked dwarfs4 ,in   
the winter1 when the earth is frozen    
hard1 they are obliged to stay below and
 cannot work their way through2 but now1
 when the sun has thawed and warmed the 
earth1 they break through it1 and come  
out to pry and steal2 and what once gets
 into their hands1 and in their caves1  
does not easily see daylight again4     
,snow-white was quite sorry for his     
going away1 and as she unbolted the door
 for him1 and the bear was hurrying out1
 he caught against the bolt and a piece 
of his hairy coat was torn off1 and it  
seemed to ,snow-white as if she had seen
 gold shining through it1 but she was   
not sure about it4 ,the bear ran away   
quickly1 and was soon out of sight      
behind the trees4  ,a short time        

afterwards the mother sent her children 
into the forest to get fire-wood4 ,there
 they found a big tree which lay felled 
on the ground1 and close by the trunk   
something was jumping backwards and     
forwards in the grass1 but they could   
not make out what it was4 ,when they    
came nearer they saw a dwarf with an old
 withered face and a snow-white beard a 
yard long4 ,the end of the beard was    
caught in a crevice of the tree1 and the
 little fellow was jumping backwards and
 forwards like a dog tied to a rope1 and
 did not know what to do4  ,he glared at
 the girls with his fiery red eyes and  
cried1 ,why do you stand there8 ,can you
 not come here and help me8  ,what are  
you about there1 little man8 asked      
,rose-red4  ,you stupid1 prying goose6  
answered the dwarf2 ,i was going to     
split the tree to get a little wood for 
cooking4 ,the little bit of food that   
one of us wants gets burnt up directly  
with thick logs2 we do not swallow so   
much as you coarse1 greedy folk4 ,i had 

just driven the wedge safely in1 and    
everything was going as ,i wished2 but  
the wretched wood was too smooth and    
suddenly sprang asunder1 and the tree   
closed so quickly that ,i could not pull
 out my beautiful white beard2 so now it
 is tight in and ,i cannot get away1 and
 you silly1 sleek1 milk-faced things    
laugh6 ,ugh6 how odious you are6  ,the  
children tried very hard1 but they could
 not pull the beard out1 it was caught  
too fast4 ,i will run and fetch some    
one1 said ,rose-red4  ,you senseless    
goose6 snarled the dwarf2 why should you
 fetch some one8 ,you are already two   
too many for me2 can you not think of   
something better8  ,don't be impatient1 
said ,snow-white1 ,i will help you1 and 
she pulled her scissors out of her      
pocket1 and cut off the end of the      
beard4  ,as soon as the dwarf felt      
himself free he laid hold of a bag which
 lay amongst the roots of the tree1 and 
which was full of gold1 and lifted it   
up1 grumbling to himself1 ,uncouth      

people1 to cut off a piece of my fine   
beard4 ,bad luck to you6 and then he    
swung the bag upon his back1 and went   
off without even once looking at the    
children4  ,some time after that        
,snow-white and ,rose-red went to catch 
a dish of fish4 ,as they came near the  
brook they saw something like a large   
grasshopper jumping towards the water1  
as if it were going to leap in4 ,they   
ran to it and found it was the dwarf4   
,where are you going8 said ,rose-red2   
you surely don't want to go into the    
water8  ,i am not such a fool6 cried the
 dwarf2 don't you see that the accursed 
fish wants to pull me in8  ,the little  
man had been sitting there fishing1 and 
unluckily the wind had twisted his beard
 with the fishing line2 just then a big 
fish bit1 and the feeble creature had   
not strength to pull it out2 the fish   
kept the upper hand and pulled the dwarf
 towards him4 ,he held on to all the    
reeds and rushes1 but it was of little  
good1 he was forced to follow the       

movements of the fish1 and was in urgent
 danger of being dragged into the water4
  ,the girls came just in time2 they    
held him fast and tried to free his     
beard from the line1 but all in vain1   
beard and line were entangled fast      
together4 ,nothing was left but to bring
 out the scissors and cut the beard1    
whereby a small part of it was lost4    
,when the dwarf saw that he screamed    
out1 ,is that civil1 you toadstool1 to  
disfigure one's face8 ,was it not enough
 to clip off the end of my beard8 ,now  
you have cut off the best part of it4 ,i
 cannot let myself be seen by my people4
 ,i wish you had been made to run the   
soles off your shoes6 ,then he took out 
a sack of pearls which lay in the       
rushes1 and without saying a word more  
he dragged it away and disappeared      
behind a stone4  ,it happened that soon 
afterwards the mother sent the two      
children to the town to buy needles and 
thread1 and laces and ribbons4 ,the road
 led them across a heath upon which huge

 pieces of rock lay strewn here and     
there4 ,now they noticed a large bird   
hovering in the air1 flying slowly round
 and round above them2 it sank lower and
 lower1 and at last settled near a rock 
not far off4 ,directly afterwards they  
heard a loud1 piteous cry4 ,they ran up 
and saw with horror that the eagle had  
seized their old acquaintance the dwarf1
 and was going to carry him off4  ,the  
children1 full of pity1 at once took    
tight hold of the little man1 and pulled
 against the eagle so long that at last 
he let his booty go4 ,as soon as the    
dwarf had recovered from his first      
fright he cried with his shrill voice1  
,could you not have done it more        
carefully8 ,you dragged at my brown coat
 so that it is all torn and full of     
holes1 you helpless1 clumsy creatures6  
,then he took up a sack full of precious
 stones1 and slipped away again under   
the rock into his hole4 ,the girls1 who 
by this time were used to his           
thanklessness1 went on their way and did

 their business in the town4  ,as they  
crossed the heath again on their way    
home they surprised the dwarf1 who had  
emptied out his bag of precious stones  
in a clean spot1 and had not thought    
that any one would come there so late4  
,the evening sun shone upon the         
brilliant stones2 they glittered and    
sparkled with all colors so beautifully 
that the children stood still and looked
 at them4 ,why do you stand gaping      
there8 cried the dwarf1 and his         
ashen-gray face became copper-red with  
rage4 ,he was going on with his bad     
words when a loud growling was heard1   
and a black bear came trotting towards  
them out of the forest4 ,the dwarf      
sprang up in a fright1 but he could not 
get to his cave1 for the bear was       
already close4 ,then in the dread of his
 heart he cried1 ,dear ,mr4 ,bear1 spare
 me1 ,i will give you all my treasures2 
look1 the beautiful jewels lying there6 
,grant me my life2 what do you want with
 such a slender little fellow as ,i8    

,you would not feel me between your     
teeth4 ,come1 take these two wicked     
girls1 they are tender morsels for you1 
fat as young quails2 for mercy's sake   
eat them6 ,the bear took no heed of his 
words1 but gave the wicked creature a   
single blow with his paw1 and he did not
 move again4  ,the girls had run away1  
but the bear called to them1 ,snow-white
 and ,rose-red1 do not be afraid2 wait1 
,i will come with you4 ,then they knew  
his voice and waited1 and when he came  
up to them suddenly his bearskin fell   
off1 and he stood there a handsome man1 
clothed all in gold4 ,i am a ,king's    
son1 he said1 and ,i was bewitched by   
that wicked dwarf1 who had stolen my    
treasures4 ,i have had to run about the 
forest as a savage bear until ,i was    
freed by his death4 ,now he has got his 
well-deserved punishment4  ,snow-white  
was married to him1 and ,rose-red to his
 brother1 and they divided between them 
the great treasures which the dwarf had 
gathered together in his cave4 ,the old 

mother lived peacefully and happily with
 her children for many years4 ,she took 
the two rose-trees with her1 and they   
stood before her window1 and every year 
bore the most beautiful roses1 white and
 red4    #ahj          ,whether it is   
possible to trace all folk tales        
to ,india1 as some scholars have        
contended1 is a         matter yet open 
to debate4 ,but there can be no         
doubt that some of the most instructing 
and         valuable of folk tales for  
use with children         are found in  
the various collections of ,indian      
stories made since the pioneer work of  
,mary         ,frere in her ,old ,deccan
 ,days 7#ahfh74 ,a         voluminous   
literature of collections and           
comment has grown up and is constantly  
increasing4 ,four stories that have won 
great         favor with children are   
given immediately         following as  
the ones probably best fitted for       
an introductory course4 ,the ,lambikin  
is one         of the most popular of   

all4 ,it is an         accumulative     
droll in character and should be        
told early along with1 say1 ,the ,story 
of the         ,three ,little ,pigs4    
,the children will be sure         to   
notice that ,lambikin trundling along in
 his         drumikin has some          
similarity to the wise pig         who  
traveled so fast down hill in his new   
churn4 ,the story is taken from ,tales  
from the         ,punjab1 collected by  
,flora ,annie ,steel1 with         very 
valuable notes and analyses by ,captain 
,r4         ,c4 ,temple4   ,,the        
,,lambikin  ,once upon a time there was 
a wee wee ,lambikin1 who frolicked about
 on his little tottery legs1 and enjoyed
 himself amazingly4 ,now one day he set 
off to visit his ,granny1 and was       
jumping with joy to think of all the    
good things he should get from her1 when
 whom should he meet but a ,jackal1 who 
looked at the tender young morsel and   
said3 ,lambikin6 ,lambikin6 ,i'll ,,eat 
,,you6  ,but ,lambikin only gave a      

little frisk and said3          ,to     
,granny's house ,i go1         ,where ,i
 shall fatter grow1         ,then you   
can eat me so4  ,the ,jackal thought    
this reasonable1 and let ,lambikin pass4
  ,by and by he met a ,vulture1 and the 
,vulture1 looking hungrily at the tender
 morsel before him1 said3 ,lambikin6    
,lambikin6 ,i'll ,,eat ,,you6  ,but     
,lambikin only gave a little frisk1 and 
said3          ,to ,granny's house ,i   
go1         ,where ,i shall fatter grow1
         ,then you can eat me so4  ,the 
,vulture thought this reasonable1 and   
let ,lambikin pass4  ,and by and by he  
met a ,tiger1 and then a ,wolf1 and a   
,dog1 and an ,eagle1 and all these1 when
 they saw the tender little morsel1     
said3 ,lambikin6 ,lambikin6 ,i'll ,,eat 
,,you6  ,but to all of them ,lambikin   
replied1 with a little frisk3           
,to ,granny's house ,i go1              
,where ,i shall fatter grow1            
,then you can eat me so4  ,at last he   
reached his ,granny's house1 and said1  

all in a great hurry1 ,granny1 dear1    
,i've promised to get very fat2 so1 as  
people ought to keep their promises1    
please put me into the corn-bin at once4
  ,so his ,granny said he was a good    
boy1 and put him into the corn-bin1 and 
there the greedy little ,lambikin stayed
 for seven days1 and ate1 and ate1 and  
ate1 until he could scarcely waddle1 and
 his ,granny said he was fat enough for 
anything1 and must go home4 ,but cunning
 little ,lambikin said that would never 
do1 for some animal would be sure to eat
 him on the way back1 he was so plump   
and tender4  ,i'll tell you what you    
must do1 said ,master ,lambikin1 you    
must make a little drumikin out of the  
skin of my little brother who died1 and 
then ,i can sit inside and trundle along
 nicely1 for ,i'm as tight as a drum    
myself4  ,so his ,granny made a nice    
little drumikin out of his brother's    
skin1 with the wool inside1 and         
,lambikin curled himself up snug and    
warm in the middle1 and trundled away   

gayly4 ,soon he met with the ,eagle1 who
 called out3          ,drumikin6        
,drumikin6         ,have you seen       
,lambikin8  ,and ,mr4 ,lambikin1 curled 
up in his soft warm nest1 replied3      
,lost in the forest1 and so are you1    
,on1 little ,drumikin6 ,tum-pa1 tum-too6
  ,how very annoying6 sighed the ,eagle1
 thinking regretfully of the tender     
morsel he had let slip4  ,meanwhile     
,lambikin trundled along1 laughing to   
himself1 and singing3          ,tum-pa1 
tum-too2         ,tum-pa1 tum-too6      
,every animal and bird he met asked him 
the same question3          ,drumikin6  
,drumikin6         ,have you seen       
,lambikin8  ,and to each of them the    
little sly-boots replied3          ,lost
 in the forest1 and so are you1         
,on1 little ,drumikin6 ,tum-pa1 tum-too2
         ,tum-pa1 tum-too2 tum-pa1      
tum-too6  ,then they all sighed to think
 of the tender little morsel they had   
let slip4  ,at last the ,jackal came    
limping along1 for all his sorry looks  

as sharp as a needle1 and he too called 
out3          ,drumikin6 ,drumikin6     
,have you seen ,lambikin8  ,and         
,lambikin1 curled up in his snug little 
nest1 replied gayly3          ,lost in  
the forest1 and so are you1         ,on1
 little ,drumikin6 ,tum-pa--  ,but he   
never got any further1 for the ,jackal  
recognized his voice at once1 and cried3
 ,hullo6 you've turned yourself inside  
out1 have you8 ,just you come out of    
that6  ,whereupon he tore open ,drumikin
 and gobbled up ,lambikin4    #aha      
,the next story1 dealing with the idea  
of         measure for measure1 is from 
,mary ,frere's         ,old ,deccan     
,days4 ,miss ,frere spent many years    
in ,india1 where her father was a       
government         official4 ,she took  
down the tales as told by         her   
ayah1 or lady's maid1 who in turn had   
heard them from her hundred-year-old    
grandmother4 ,it may be said of this    
story that         while retaliation is 
certainly not the highest         law of

 conduct1 yet the ungracious1           
inconsiderate action of the jackal makes
 it         impossible to feel the least
 sympathy for him4   ,,tit ,,for ,,tat  
,there once lived a ,camel and a ,jackal
 who were great friends4 ,one day the   
,jackal said to the ,camel1 ,i know that
 there is a fine field of sugar cane on 
the other side of the river4 ,if you    
will take me across1 ,i'll show you the 
place4 ,this plan will suit me as well  
as you4 ,you will enjoy eating the sugar
 cane1 and ,i am sure to find many      
crabs1 bones1 and bits of fish by the   
river side1 on which to make a good     
dinner4  ,the ,camel consented1 and swam
 across the river1 taking the ,jackal1  
who could not swim1 on his back4 ,when  
they reached the other side1 the ,camel 
went to eat the sugar cane1 and the     
,jackal ran up and down the river bank1 
devouring all the crabs1 bits of fish1  
and bones he could find4  ,but being so 
much smaller an animal1 he had made an  
excellent meal before the ,camel had    

eaten more than two or three mouthfuls2 
and no sooner had he finished his dinner
 than he ran round and round the        
sugar-cane field1 yelping and howling   
with all his might4  ,the villagers     
heard him1 and thought1 ,there is a     
,jackal among the sugar canes2 he will  
be scratching holes in the ground and   
spoiling the roots of the plants4 ,and  
they went down to the place to drive him
 away4 ,but when they got there they    
found to their surprise not only a      
,jackal1 but a ,camel who was eating the
 sugar canes6 ,this made them very      
angry1 and they caught the poor ,camel  
and drove him from the field and beat   
him until he was nearly dead4  ,when the
 villagers had gone1 the ,jackal said to
 the ,camel1 ,we had better go home4    
,and the ,camel1 said1 ,very well2 then 
jump upon my back1 as you did before4   
,so the ,jackal jumped upon the ,camel's
 back1 and the ,camel began to recross  
the river4 ,when they had got well into 
the water1 the ,camel said1 ,this is a  

pretty way in which you have treated me1
 friend ,jackal4 ,no sooner had you     
finished your own dinner than you must  
go yelping about the place loud enough  
to arouse the whole village1 and bring  
all the villagers down to beat me black 
and blue1 and turn me out of the field  
before ,i had eaten two mouthfuls6 ,what
 in the world did you make such a noise 
for8  ,i don't know1 said the ,jackal4  
,it is a custom ,i have4 ,i always like 
to sing a little after dinner4  ,the    
,camel waded on through the river4 ,the 
water reached up to his knees--then     
above them--up1 up1 up1 higher and      
higher1 until at last he was obliged to 
swim4  ,then turning to the ,jackal1 he 
said1 ,i feel very anxious to roll4     
,oh1 pray don't2 why do you wish to do  
so8 asked the ,jackal4  ,i don't know1  
answered the ,camel4 ,it is a custom ,i 
have4 ,i always like to have a little   
roll after dinner4  ,so saying1 he      
rolled over in the water1 shaking the   
,jackal off as he did so4 ,and the      

,jackal was drowned1 but the ,camel swam
 safely ashore4    #ahb          ,the   
fine story following is from ,steel's   
,tales         of the ,punjab4 ,scholars
 have pointed out a         hundred or  
more variants4 ,such trickery as        
that used by the jackal in trapping the 
tiger         is the common thing to    
find in folk tales where                
oppressed weakness is matched against   
ruthless         and tyrannic power4    
,the tiger's ingratitude                
precludes any desire to take his part4  
,the         attitude of the three      
judges is determined in         each    
case by the fact that the experience of 
each has hardened him and rendered him  
completely hopeless and unsympathetic4  
,the         work of the buffalo in the 
oil-press1 says         ,captain        
,temple1 is the synonym all ,india      
over--and with good reason--for hard and
         thankless toil for another's   
benefit4  ,,the ,,tiger1 ,,the          
,,brahman1 ,,and ,,the ,,jackal  ,once  

upon a time a tiger was caught in a     
trap4 ,he tried in vain to get out      
through the bars1 and rolled and bit    
with rage and grief when he failed4  ,by
 chance a poor ,brahman came by4 ,let me
 out of this cage1 ,o pious one6 cried  
the tiger4  ,nay1 my friend1 replied the
 ,brahman mildly2 you would probably eat
 me if ,i did4  ,not at all6 swore the  
tiger with many oaths2 on the contrary1 
,i should be forever grateful1 and serve
 you as a slave4  ,now1 when the tiger  
sobbed and sighed and wept and swore1   
the pious ,brahman's heart softened1 and
 at last he consented to open the door  
of the cage4 ,out popped the tiger1 and1
 seizing the poor man1 cried1 ,what a   
fool you are6 ,what is to prevent my    
eating you now1 for after being cooped  
up so long ,i am just terribly hungry8  
,in vain the ,brahman pleaded for his   
life2 the most he could gain was a      
promise to abide by the decision of the 
first three things he chose to question 
as to the justice of the tiger's action4

  ,so the ,brahman first asked a pipal  
tree what it thought of the matter1 but 
the pipal tree replied coldly1 ,what    
have you to complain about8 ,don't ,i   
give shade and shelter to every one who 
passes by1 and don't they in return tear
 down my branches to feed their cattle8 
,don't whimper--be a man6  ,then the    
,brahman1 sad at heart1 went further    
afield till he saw a buffalo turning a  
well-wheel2 but he fared no better from 
it1 for it answered3 ,you are a fool to 
expect gratitude6 ,look at me6 ,while ,i
 gave milk they fed me on cotton-seed   
and oil-cake1 but now ,i am dry they    
yoke me here1 and give me refuse as     
fodder6  ,the ,brahman1 still more sad1 
asked the road to give him its opinion4 
,my dear sir1 said the road1 how foolish
 you are to expect anything else6 ,here 
am ,i1 useful to everybody1 yet all1    
rich and poor1 great and small1 trample 
on me as they go past1 giving me nothing
 but the ashes of their pipes and the   
husks of their grain6  ,on this the     

,brahman turned back sorrowfully1 and on
 the way he met a jackal1 who called    
out1 ,why1 what's the matter1 ,mr4      
,brahman8 ,you look as miserable as a   
fish out of water6  ,the ,brahman told  
him all that had occurred4 ,how very    
confusing6 said the jackal1 when the    
recital was ended2 would you mind       
telling me over again1 for everything   
seems so mixed up8  ,the ,brahman told  
it all over again1 but the jackal shook 
his head in a distracted sort of way1   
and still could not understand4  ,it's  
very odd1 said he sadly1 but it all     
seems to go in at one ear and out at the
 other6 ,i will go to the place where it
 all happened1 and then1 perhaps1 ,i    
shall be able to give a judgment4  ,so  
they returned to the cage1 by which the 
tiger was waiting for the ,brahman1 and 
sharpening his teeth and claws4  ,you've
 been away a long time6 growled the     
savage beast1 but now let us begin our  
dinner4  ,our dinner6 thought the       
wretched ,brahman1 as his knees knocked 

together with fright2 what a remarkably 
delicate way of putting it6  ,give me   
five minutes1 my lord6 he pleaded1 in   
order that ,i may explain matters to the
 jackal here1 who is somewhat slow in   
his wits4  ,the tiger consented1 and the
 ,brahman began the whole story over    
again1 not missing a single detail1 and 
spinning as long a yarn as possible4    
,oh1 my poor brain6 oh1 my poor brain6  
cried the jackal1 wringing its paws4    
,let me see6 how did it all begin8 ,you 
were in the cage1 and the tiger came    
walking by--  ,pooh6 interrupted the    
tiger1 what a fool you are6 ,i was in   
the cage4  ,of course6 cried the jackal1
 pretending to tremble with fright2 yes6
 ,i was in the cage--no1 ,i             
wasn't--dear6 dear6 where are my wits8  
,let me see--the tiger was in the       
,brahman1 and the cage came walking     
by--no1 that's not it1 either6 ,well1   
don't mind me1 but begin your dinner1   
for ,i shall never understand6  ,yes1   
you shall6 returned the tiger1 in a rage

 at the jackal's stupidity2 ,i'll make  
you understand6 ,look here--,i am the   
tiger--  ,yes1 my lord6  ,and that is   
the ,brahman--  ,yes1 my lord6  ,and    
that is the cage--  ,yes1 my lord6  ,and
 ,i was in the cage--do you understand8 
,yes--no----,please1 my lord--  ,well8  
cried the tiger impatiently4  ,please1  
my lord6 ,how did you get in8  ,how8    
,why in the usual way1 of course6  ,oh1 
dear me6 my head is beginning to whirl  
again6 ,please don't be angry1 my lord1 
but what is the usual way8  ,at this the
 tiger lost patience1 and jumping into  
the cage1 cried1 ,this way6 ,now do you 
understand how it was8  ,perfectly6     
grinned the jackal1 as he dexterously   
shut the door1 and if you will permit me
 to say so1 ,i think matters will remain
 as they were6    #ahc          ,the    
story that follows is from ,mrs4        
,kingscote's         ,tales of the ,sun1
 as reprinted in ,joseph                
,jacobs' ,indian ,fairy ,tales4 ,mr4    
,jacobs         explains that he changed

 the ,indian mercantile         numerals
 into those of ,english 'back-slang1'   
which make a very good parallel4 ,as in 
other         cases1 the value of       
,jacobs' collection must be             
emphasized4 ,if the teacher is limited  
to a         single book for story      
material from the         ,hindoos1 that
 book must be the one made by           
,joseph ,jacobs4 ,with well-chosen      
tales1 with the         slight changes  
here and there necessary for use        
with children1 with just enough         
scholarship         packed out of the   
way in the introduction and             
notes1 the book has no rival4   ,,pride 
,,goeth ,,before ,a ,,fall  ,in a       
certain village there lived ten cloth   
merchants1 who always went about        
together4 ,once upon a time they had    
traveled far afield1 and were returning 
home with a great deal of money which   
they had obtained by selling their      
wares4 ,now there happened to be a dense
 forest near their village1 and this    

they reached early one morning4 ,in it  
there lived three notorious robbers1 of 
whose existence the traders had never   
heard1 and while they were still in the 
middle of it the robbers stood before   
them1 with swords and cudgels in their  
hands1 and ordered them to lay down all 
they had4 ,the traders had no weapons   
with them1 and so1 though they were many
 more in number1 they had to submit     
themselves to the robbers1 who took away
 everything from them1 even the very    
clothes they wore1 and gave to each only
 a small loin-cloth a span in breadth   
and a cubit in length4  ,the idea that  
they had conquered ten men and plundered
 all their property now took possession 
of the robbers' minds4 ,they seated     
themselves like three monarchs before   
the men they had plundered1 and ordered 
them to dance to them before returning  
home4 ,the merchants now mourned their  
fate4 ,they had lost all they had1      
except their loin-cloth1 and still the  
robbers were not satisfied1 but ordered 

them to dance4  ,there was among the ten
 merchants one who was very clever4 ,he 
pondered over the calamity that had come
 upon him and his friends1 the dance    
they would have to perform1 and the     
magnificent manner in which the three   
robbers had seated themselves on the    
grass4 ,at the same time he observed    
that these last had placed their weapons
 on the ground1 in the assurance of     
having thoroughly cowed the traders1 who
 were now commencing to dance2 and1 as a
 song is always sung by the leader on   
such occasions1 to which the rest keep  
time with hands and feet1 he thus began 
to sing3          ,we are enty men1     
,they are erith men3         ,if each   
erith man1         ,surround eno men    
,eno man remains4          ,ta1 tai tom1
 tadingana4  ,the robbers were all      
uneducated1 and thought that the leader 
was merely singing a song as usual4 ,so 
it was in one sense2 for the leader     
commenced from a distance1 and had sung 
the song over twice before he and his   

companions commenced to approach the    
robbers4 ,they had understood his       
meaning1 because they had been trained  
in trade4  ,when two traders discuss the
 price of an article in the presence of 
a purchaser1 they use a riddling sort of
 language4  ,what is the price of this  
cloth8 one trader will ask4  ,enty      
rupees1 another will reply1 meaning ten 
rupees4  ,thus there is no possibility  
of the purchaser knowing what is meant  
unless he be acquainted with trade      
language4 ,by the rules of this secret  
language erith means three1 enty means  
ten1 and eno means one4 ,so the leader  
by his song meant to hint to his        
fellow-traders that they were ten men1  
the robbers only three1 that if three   
pounced upon each of the robbers1 nine  
of them could hold them down1 while the 
remaining one bound the robbers' hands  
and feet4  ,the three thieves1 glorying 
in their victory1 and little            
understanding the meaning of the song   
and the intentions of the dancers1 were 

proudly seated chewing betel and        
tobacco4 ,meanwhile the song was sung a 
third time4 ,ta tai tom had left the    
lips of the singer2 and1 before         
tadingana was out of them1 the traders  
separated into parties of three1 and    
each party pounced upon a thief4 ,the   
remaining one--the leader himself--tore 
up into long narrow strips a large piece
 of cloth1 six cubits long1 and tied the
 hands and feet of the robbers4 ,these  
were entirely humbled now1 and rolled on
 the ground like three bags of rice6    
,the ten traders now took back all their
 property1 and armed themselves with the
 swords and cudgels of their enemies2   
and when they reached their village they
 often amused their friends and         
relatives by relating their adventure4  
#ahd          ,in recent years several  
,japanese stories have         made     
their way into the list of those        
frequently used in the lower grades4    
,some of         these are of unusual   
beauty and suggestiveness4         ,the 

oriental point of view is so different  
from         that of western children   
that these stories         often cannot 
be used in their fully original         
form1 although it would be a distinct   
loss if         the available elements  
were therefore         discarded4 ,so1  
in this instance departing from         
the plan of giving only authentic copies
 of the         tales here reprinted1   
the excellent retold         versions of
 two ,japanese stories are given as     
made by ,teresa ,peirce ,williston in   
her         ,japanese ,fairy ,tales4    
7,copyrighted4 ,used by                 
permission of the publishers1 ,rand     
,mc,nally          ,co47 ,in these      
simple versions the point to the        
story is made clear in natural fashion  
without         undue moralizing4       
,,the ,,mirror ,,of ,,matsuyama         
,,version ,,by ,,teresa ,,peirce        
,,williston  ,in ,matsuyama there lived 
a man1 his wife1 and their little       
daughter4 ,they loved each other very   

much1 and were very happy together4 ,one
 day the man came home very sad4 ,he had
 received a message from the ,emperor1  
which said that he must take a journey  
to far-off ,tokio4  ,they had no horses 
and in those days there were no         
railroads in ,japan4 ,the man knew that 
he must walk the whole distance4 ,it was
 not the long walk that he minded1      
however4 ,it was because it would take  
him many days from home4  ,still he must
 obey his ,emperor1 so he made ready to 
start4 ,his wife was very sorry that he 
must go1 and yet a little proud1 too1   
for no one else in the village had ever 
taken so long a journey4  ,she and the  
baby walked with him down to the turn in
 the road4 ,there they stood and watched
 him through their tears1 as he followed
 the path up through the pines on the   
mountain side4 ,at last1 no larger than 
a speck1 he disappeared behind the      
hills4 ,then they went home to await his
 return4  ,for three long weeks they    
waited4 ,each day they spoke of him1 and

 counted the days until they should see 
his dear face again4 ,at last the time  
came4 ,they walked down to the turn in  
the road to wait for his coming4 ,up on 
the mountain side some one was walking  
toward them4 ,as he came nearer they    
could see that it was the one for whom  
they waited4  ,the good wife could      
scarcely believe that her husband was   
indeed safe home again4 ,the baby girl  
laughed and clapped her hands to see the
 toys he brought her4  ,there was a tiny
 image of ,uzume1 the laughter-loving   
goddess4 ,next came a little red monkey 
of cotton1 with a blue head4 ,when she  
pressed the spring he ran to the top of 
the rod4 ,oh1 how wonderful was the     
third gift6 ,it was a tombo1 or dragon  
fly4 ,when she first looked at it she   
saw only a piece of wood shaped like a  
,t4 ,the cross piece was painted with   
different bright colors4 ,but the queer 
thing1 when her father twirled it       
between his fingers1 would rise in the  
air1 dipping and hovering like a real   

dragon fly4  ,last1 of course1 there was
 a ninghio1 or doll1 with a sweet face1 
slanting eyes1 and such wonderful hair4 
,her name was ,o-,hina-,san4  ,he told  
of the ,feast of the ,dead which he had 
seen in ,tokio4 ,he told of the         
beautiful lanterns1 the ,lanterns of the
 ,dead2 and the pine torches burning    
before each house4 ,he told of the tiny 
boats made of barley straw and filled   
with food that are set floating away on 
the river1 bearing two tiny lanterns to 
guide them to the ,land of the ,dead4   
,at last her husband handed the wife a  
small white box4 ,tell me what you see  
inside1 he said4 ,she opened it and took
 out something round and bright4  ,on   
one side were buds and flowers of       
frosted silver4 ,the other side at first
 looked as clear and bright as a pool of
 water4 ,when she moved it a little she 
saw in it a most beautiful woman4  ,oh1 
what a beautiful picture6 she cried4 ,it
 is of a woman and she seems to be      
smiling and talking just as ,i am4 ,she 

has on a blue dress just like mine1 too6
 ,how strange6  ,then her husband       
laughed and said3 ,that is a mirror4 ,it
 is yourself you see reflected in it4   
,all the women in ,tokio have them4     
,the wife was delighted with her        
present1 and looked at it very often4   
,she liked to see the smiling red lips1 
the laughing eyes1 and beautiful dark   
hair4  ,after a while she said to       
herself3 ,how foolish this is of me to  
sit and gaze at myself in this mirror6  
,i am not more beautiful than other     
women4 ,how much better for me to enjoy 
others' beauty1 and forget my own face4 
,i shall only remember that it must     
always be happy and smiling or it will  
make no one else happy4 ,i do not wish  
any cross or angry look of mine to make 
any one sad4  ,she put the mirror       
carefully away in its box4 ,only twice  
in a year she looked at it4 ,then it was
 to see if her face was still such as   
would make others happy4  ,the years    
passed by in their sweet and simple life

 until the baby had grown to be a big   
girl4 ,her ninghio1 her tombo1 the image
 of ,uzume1 even the cotton monkey1 were
 put carefully away for her own         
children4  ,this girl was the very image
 of her mother4 ,she was just as sweet  
and loving1 just as kind and helpful4   
,one day her mother became very ill4    
,although the girl and her father did   
all they could for her1 she grew worse  
and worse4  ,at last she knew that she  
must die1 so she called her daughter to 
her and said3 ,my child1 ,i know that ,i
 must soon leave you1 but ,i wish to    
leave something with you in my place4   
,open this box and see what you find in 
it4  ,the girl opened the box and looked
 for the first time in a mirror4 ,oh1   
mother dear6 she cried4 ,i see you here4
 ,not thin and pale as you are now1 but 
happy and smiling1 as you have always   
been4  ,then her mother said3 ,when ,i  
am gone1 will you look in this every    
morning and every night8 ,if anything   
troubles you1 tell me about it4 ,always 

try to do right1 so that you will see   
only happiness here4  ,every morning    
when the sun rose and the birds began to
 twitter and sing1 the girl rose and    
looked in her mirror4 ,there she saw the
 bright1 happy face that she remembered 
as her mother's4  ,every evening when   
the shadows fell and the birds were     
asleep1 she looked again4 ,she told it  
all that had happened during the day4   
,when it had been a happy day the face  
smiled back at her4 ,when she was sad   
the face looked sad1 too4 ,she was very 
careful not to do anything unkind1 for  
she knew how sad the face would be then4
  ,so each day she grew more kind and   
loving1 and more like the mother whose  
face she saw each day and loved4    #ahe
          ,this favorite story of ,the  
,tongue-,cut ,sparrow         is from   
,mrs4 ,williston's ,japanese ,fairy     
,tales4 7,copyrighted4 ,used by         
permission47   ,,the ,,tongue-,,cut     
,,sparrow  ,,version ,,by ,,teresa      
,,peirce ,,williston  ,in a little old  

house in a little old village in ,japan 
lived a little old man and his little   
old wife4  ,one morning when the old    
woman slid open the screens which form  
the sides of all ,japanese houses1 she  
saw1 on the doorstep1 a poor little     
sparrow4 ,she took him up gently and fed
 him4 ,then she held him in the bright  
morning sunshine until the cold dew was 
dried from his wings4 ,afterward she let
 him go1 so that he might fly home to   
his nest1 but he stayed to thank her    
with his songs4  ,each morning1 when the
 pink on the mountain tops told that the
 sun was near1 the sparrow perched on   
the roof of the house and sang out his  
joy4  ,the old man and woman thanked the
 sparrow for this1 for they liked to be 
up early and at work4 ,but near them    
there lived a cross old woman who did   
not like to be awakened so early4 ,at   
last she became so angry that she caught
 the sparrow and cut his tongue4 ,then  
the poor little sparrow flew away to his
 home1 but he could never sing again4   

,when the kind woman knew what had      
happened to her pet she was very sad4   
,she said to her husband1 ,let us go and
 find our poor little sparrow4 ,so they 
started together1 and asked of each bird
 by the wayside3 ,do you know where the 
,tongue-,cut ,sparrow lives8 ,do you    
know where the ,tongue-,cut ,sparrow    
went8  ,in this way they followed until 
they came to a bridge4 ,they did not    
know which way to turn1 and at first    
could see no one to ask4  ,at last they 
saw a ,bat hanging head downward1 taking
 his daytime nap4 ,oh1 friend ,bat1 do  
you know where the ,tongue-,cut ,sparrow
 went8 they asked4  ,yes4 ,over the     
bridge and up the mountain1 said the    
,bat4 ,then he blinked his sleepy eyes  
and was fast asleep again4  ,they went  
over the bridge and up the mountain1 but
 again they found two roads and did not 
know which one to take4 ,a little ,field
 ,mouse peeped through the leaves and   
grass1 so they asked him1 ,do you know  
where the ,tongue-,cut ,sparrow went8   

,yes4 ,down the mountain and through the
 woods1 said the ,field ,mouse4  ,down  
the mountain and through the woods they 
went1 and at last came to the home of   
their little friend4  ,when he saw them 
coming the poor little sparrow was very 
happy indeed4 ,he and his wife and      
children all came and bowed their heads 
down to the ground to show their        
respect4 ,then the ,sparrow rose and led
 the old man and the old woman into his 
house1 while his wife and children      
hastened to bring them boiled rice1     
fish1 cress1 and sake4  ,after they had 
feasted1 the ,sparrow wished to please  
them still more1 so he danced for them  
what is called the sparrow-dance4  ,when
 the sun began to sink1 the old man and 
woman started for home4 ,the ,sparrow   
brought out two baskets4 ,i would like  
to give you one of these1 he said4      
,which will you take8 ,one basket was   
large and looked very full1 while the   
other one seemed very small and light4  
,the old people thought they would not  

take the large basket1 for that might   
have all the ,sparrow's treasure in it1 
so they said1 ,the way is long and we   
are very old1 so please let us take the 
smaller one4  ,they took it and walked  
home over the mountain and across the   
bridge1 happy and contented4  ,when they
 reached their own home they decided to 
open the basket and see what the        
,sparrow had given them4 ,within the    
basket they found many rolls of silk and
 piles of gold1 enough to make them     
rich1 so they were more grateful than   
ever to the ,sparrow4  ,the cross old   
woman who had cut the ,sparrow's tongue 
was peering in through the screen when  
they opened their basket4 ,she saw the  
rolls of silk and the piles of gold1 and
 planned how she might get some for     
herself4  ,the next morning she went to 
the kind woman and said3 ,i am so sorry 
that ,i cut the tongue of your ,sparrow4
 ,please tell me the way to his home so 
that ,i may go to him and tell him ,i am
 sorry4  ,the kind woman told her the   

way and she set out4 ,she went across   
the bridge1 over the mountain1 and      
through the woods4 ,at last she came to 
the home of the little ,sparrow4  ,he   
was not so glad to see this old woman1  
yet he was very kind to her and did     
everything to make her feel welcome4    
,they made a feast for her1 and when she
 started home the ,sparrow brought out  
two baskets as before4 ,of course the   
woman chose the large basket1 for she   
thought that would have even more wealth
 than the other one4  ,it was very      
heavy1 and caught on the trees as she   
was going through the wood4 ,she could  
hardly pull it up the mountain with her1
 and she was all out of breath when she 
reached the top4 ,she did not get to the
 bridge until it was dark4 ,then she was
 so afraid of dropping the basket into  
the river that she scarcely dared to    
step4  ,when at last she reached home   
she was so tired that she was half dead1
 but she pulled the screens close shut1 
so that no one could look in1 and opened

 her treasure4  ,treasure indeed6 ,a    
whole swarm of horrible creatures burst 
from the basket the moment she opened   
it4 ,they stung her and bit her1 they   
pushed her and pulled her1 they         
scratched her and laughed at her        
screams4  ,at last she crawled to the   
edge of the room and slid aside the     
screen to get away from the pests4 ,the 
moment the door was opened they swooped 
down upon her1 picked her up1 and flew  
away with her4 ,since then nothing has  
ever been heard of the old woman4       
#ahf          ,the tale of ,the ,straw  
,ox as given in ,cossack         ,fairy 
,tales1 by ,r4 ,nesbit ,bain1 is one of 
the         masterpieces among folk     
stories4 ,it is of the                  
accumulative type1 winding up rapidly to
 the         point where the old couple 
have secured1         through the straw 
ox1 all the raw material         needed 
for comfortable clothing4 ,then comes   
the         surprising release of the   
captured animals         under promise  

to make contributions1 each in          
his own way1 to the welfare of the      
poverty-stricken couple4 ,and then1 the 
greatest         surprise of all1 the   
quick unwinding of the         plot with
 the return of the grateful animals     
according to promise4 ,and the old man  
was         glad1 and the old woman was 
glad1 and we are         glad for their 
sake1 and also for the sake of          
the bear and the wolf and the fox and   
the hare4   ,,the ,,straw ,,ox  ,there  
was once upon a time an old man and an  
old woman4 ,the old man worked in the   
fields as a pitch-burner1 while the old 
woman sat at home and spun flax4 ,they  
were so poor that they could save       
nothing at all2 all their earnings went 
in bare food1 and when that was gone    
there was nothing left4 ,at last the old
 woman had a good idea3 ,look now1      
husband1 cried she1 make me a straw ox1 
and smear it all over with tar4  ,why1  
you foolish woman6 said he1 what's the  
good of an ox of that sort8  ,never     

mind1 said she1 you just make it4 ,i    
know what ,i am about4  ,what was the   
poor man to do8 ,he set to work and made
 the ox of straw1 and smeared it all    
over with tar4  ,the night passed away1 
and at early dawn the old woman took her
 distaff1 and drove the straw ox out    
into the steppe to graze1 and she       
herself sat down behind a hillock1 and  
began spinning her flax1 and cried3     
,graze away1 little ox1 while ,i spin my
 flax4 ,graze away1 little ox1 while ,i 
spin my flax6  ,and while she spun1 her 
head drooped down and she began to doze1
 and while she was dozing1 from behind  
the dark wood and from the back of the  
huge pines a bear came rushing out upon 
the ox and said3 ,who are you8 ,speak1  
and tell me6  ,and the ox said3 ,a      
three-year-old heifer am ,i1 made of    
straw and smeared with tar4  ,oh6 said  
the bear1 stuffed with straw and trimmed
 with tar1 are you8 ,then give me your  
straw and tar1 that ,i may patch up my  
ragged fur again6  ,take some1 said the 

ox1 and the bear fell upon him and began
 to tear away at the tar4  ,he tore and 
tore1 and buried his teeth in it till he
 found he couldn't let go again4 ,he    
tugged and he tugged but it was no good1
 and the ox dragged him gradually off1  
goodness knows where4  ,then the old    
woman awoke1 and there was no ox to be  
seen4 ,alas6 old fool that ,i am6 cried 
she1 perchance it has gone home4 ,then  
she quickly caught up her distaff and   
spinning board1 threw them over her     
shoulders1 and hastened off home1 and   
she saw that the ox had dragged the bear
 up to the fence1 and in she went to her
 old man4  ,dad1 dad1 she cried1 look1  
look6 ,the ox has brought us a bear4    
,come out and kill it6 ,then the old man
 jumped up1 tore off the bear1 tied him 
up1 and threw him in the cellar4  ,next 
morning1 between dark and dawn1 the old 
woman took her distaff and drove the ox 
into the steppe to graze4 ,she herself  
sat down by a mound1 began spinning1 and
 said3 ,graze1 graze away1 little ox1   

while ,i spin my flax6 ,graze1 graze    
away1 little ox1 while ,i spin my flax6 
,and while she spun1 her head drooped   
down and she dozed4 ,and lo6 from behind
 the dark wood1 from the back of the    
huge pines1 a gray wolf came rushing out
 upon the ox and said3 ,who are you8    
,come1 tell me6  ,i am a three-year-old 
heifer1 stuffed with straw and trimmed  
with tar1 said the ox4  ,oh6 trimmed    
with tar1 are you8 ,then give me of your
 tar to tar my sides1 that the dogs and 
the sons of dogs tear me not6  ,take    
some1 said the ox4 ,and with that the   
wolf fell upon him and tried to tear the
 tar off4 ,he tugged and tugged1 and    
tore with his teeth1 but could get none 
off4 ,then he tried to let go1 and      
couldn't2 tug and worry as he might1 it 
was no good4  ,when the old woman woke1 
there was no heifer in sight4 ,maybe my 
heifer has gone home6 she cried4 ,i'll  
go home and see4 ,when she got there she
 was astonished for by the paling stood 
the ox with the wolf still tugging at   

it4 ,she ran and told her old man1 and  
her old man came and threw the wolf into
 the cellar also4  ,on the third day the
 old woman again drove her ox into the  
pastures to graze1 and sat down by a    
mound and dozed off4 ,then a fox came   
running up4 ,who are you8 it asked the  
ox4  ,i'm a three-year-old heifer1      
stuffed with straw and daubed with tar4 
,then give me some of your tar to smear 
my sides with1 when those dogs and sons 
of dogs tear my hide6  ,take some1 said 
the ox4 ,then the fox fastened her teeth
 in him and couldn't draw them out      
again4 ,the old woman told her old man1 
and he took and cast the fox into the   
cellar in the same way4 ,and after that 
they caught ,pussy ,swiftfoot likewise4 
,so when he had got them all safely the 
old man sat down on a bench before the  
cellar and began sharpening a knife4    
,and the bear said to him3 ,tell me1    
daddy1 what are you sharpening your     
knife for8  ,to flay your skin off1 that
 ,i may make a leather jacket for myself

 and a pelisse for my old woman4  ,oh6  
,don't flay me1 daddy dear6 ,rather let 
me go1 and ,i'll bring you a lot of     
honey4  ,very well1 see you do it1 and  
he unbound and let the bear go4  ,then  
he sat down on the bench and again began
 sharpening his knife4 ,and the wolf    
asked him3 ,daddy1 what are you         
sharpening your knife for8  ,to flay off
 your skin1 that ,i may make me a warm  
cap against the winter4  ,oh6 ,don't    
flay me1 daddy dear1 and ,i'll bring you
 a whole herd of little sheep4  ,well1  
see that you do it1 and he let the wolf 
go4  ,then he sat down1 and began       
sharpening his knife again4 ,the fox put
 out her little snout1 and asked him3   
,be so kind1 dear daddy1 and tell me why
 you are sharpening your knife6  ,little
 foxes1 said the old man1 have nice     
skins that do capitally for collars and 
trimmings1 and ,i want to skin you6     
,oh6 ,don't take my skin away1 daddy    
dear1 and ,i will bring you hens and    
geese4  ,very well1 see that you do it1 

and he let the fox go4  ,the hare now   
alone remained1 and the old man began   
sharpening his knife on the hare's      
account4  ,why do you do that8 asked    
,puss4 ,he replied3 ,little hares have  
nice little1 soft1 warm skins1 which    
will make me nice gloves and mittens    
against the winter6  ,oh6 daddy dear6   
,don't flay me1 and ,i'll bring you kale
 and good cauliflower1 if only you let  
me go6  ,then he let the hare go also4  
,then they went to bed2 but very early  
in the morning1 when it was neither dusk
 nor dawn1 there was a noise in the     
doorway like ,durrrrrr6  ,daddy6 cried  
the old woman1 there's some one         
scratching at the door2 go and see who  
it is6  ,the old man went out1 and there
 was the bear carrying a whole hive full
 of honey4 ,the old man took the honey  
from the bear2 but no sooner did he lie 
down again than there was another       
,durrrrr6 at the door4 ,the old man     
looked out and saw the wolf driving a   
whole flock of sheep into the           

court-yard4 ,close on his heels came the
 fox1 driving before him the geese and  
hens1 and all manner of fowls2 and last 
of all came the hare1 bringing cabbage  
and kale1 and all manner of good food4  
,and the old man was glad1 and the old  
woman was glad4 ,and the old man sold   
the sheep and oxen1 and got so rich that
 he needed nothing more4  ,as for the   
straw-stuffed ox1 it stood in the sun   
till it fell to pieces4    #ahg         
,the ,adventures of ,connla the ,comely 
is one of         the romances in ,the  
,book of the ,dun ,cow1 the             
oldest manuscript of miscellaneous      
,gaelic         literature in existence4
 ,it was made about #aajj         ,a4,d4
 and is now preserved in the ,royal     
,irish         ,academy at ,dublin4 ,the
 contents were         transcribed from 
older books1 some of the         stories
 being older by many centuries4 ,the    
story of ,connla is one of the many     
tales that         illustrate the       
ancient and widespread                  

superstition that fairies sometimes take
 away         mortals to their palaces  
in the fairy forts and         pleasant 
green hills4 ,this conception is often  
referred to as the ,earthly ,paradise or
 the ,isle         of ,youth4 ,it is    
represented in the ,king ,arthur        
stories by the ,vale of ,avalon to which
 the         weeping queens carried the 
king after his         mortal wound in  
that last weird battle in the           
west4 ,conn the ,hundred-fighter reigned
 in the         second century of the   
,christian era 7#abc-aeg                
,a4,d471 and this story of his son must 
have         sprung up soon after4      
,according to ,jacobs1 it         is the
 oldest fairy tale of modern ,europe4   
,the following version of the tale is   
from         ,joseph ,jacobs' ,celtic   
,fairy ,tales1 which with         its   
companion volume1 ,more ,celtic ,fairy  
,tales1 forms a standard source book for
 the         usable stories in that     
field4 ,mr4 ,jacobs1 as         always1 

keeps to the authoritative versions     
while reducing them to forms at once    
available         for educational       
purposes4   ,,connla ,,and ,,the ,,fairy
 ,,maiden  ,connla of the ,fiery ,hair  
was son of ,conn of the ,hundred        
,fights4 ,one day as he stood by the    
side of his father on the height of     
,usna1 he saw a maiden clad in strange  
attire towards him coming4  ,whence     
comest thou1 maiden8 said ,connla4  ,i  
come from the ,plains of the ,ever      
,living1 she said1 there where is       
neither death nor sin4 ,there we keep   
holiday alway1 nor need we help from any
 in our joy4 ,and in all our pleasure we
 have no strife4 ,and because we have   
our homes in the round green hills1 men 
call us the ,hill ,folk4  ,the king and 
all with him wondered much to hear a    
voice when they saw no one4 ,for save   
,connla alone1 none saw the ,fairy      
,maiden4  ,to whom art thou talking1 my 
son8 said ,conn the king4  ,then the    
maiden answered1 ,connla speaks to a    

young1 fair maid1 whom neither death nor
 old age awaits4 ,i love ,connla1 and   
now ,i call him away to the ,plain of   
,pleasure1 ,moy ,mell1 where ,boadag is 
king for aye1 nor has there been sorrow 
or complaint in that land since he held 
the kingship4 ,oh1 come with me1 ,connla
 of the ,fiery ,hair1 ruddy as the dawn1
 with thy tawny skin4 ,a fairy crown    
awaits thee to grace thy comely face and
 royal form4 ,come1 and never shall thy 
comeliness fade1 nor thy youth1 till the
 last awful day of judgment4  ,the king 
in fear at what the maiden said1 which  
he heard though he could not see her1   
called aloud to his ,druid1 ,coran by   
name4 ,o ,coran of the many spells1 he  
said1 and of the cunning magic1 ,i call 
upon thy aid4 ,a task is upon me too    
great for all my skill and wit1 greater 
than any laid upon me since ,i seized   
the kingship4 ,a maiden unseen has met  
us1 and by her power would take from me 
my dear1 my comely son4 ,if thou help   
not1 he will be taken from thy king by  

woman's wiles and witchery4  ,then      
,coran the ,druid stood forth and       
chanted his spells towards the spot     
where the maiden's voice had been heard4
 ,and none heard her voice again1 nor   
could ,connla see her longer4 ,only as  
she vanished before the ,druid's mighty 
spell1 she threw an apple to ,connla4   
,for a whole month from that day ,connla
 would take nothing1 either to eat or to
 drink1 save only from that apple4  ,but
 as he ate1 it grew again and always    
kept whole4 ,and all the while there    
grew within him a mighty yearning and   
longing after the maiden he had seen4   
,but when the last day of the month of  
waiting came1 ,connla stood by the side 
of the king his father on the ,plain of 
,arcomin1 and again he saw the maiden   
come towards him1 and again she spoke to
 him4 ',tis a glorious place1 forsooth1 
that ,connla holds among shortlived     
mortals awaiting the day of death4 ,but 
now the folk of life1 the ever-living   
ones1 beg and bid thee come to ,moy     

,mell1 the ,plain of ,pleasure1 for they
 have learnt to know thee1 seeing thee  
in thy home among thy dear ones4  ,when 
,conn the king heard the maiden's voice 
he called to his men aloud and said3    
,summon swift my ,druid ,coran1 for ,i  
see she has again this day the power of 
speech4  ,then the maiden said3 ,o      
mighty ,conn1 ,fighter of a ,hundred    
,fights1 the ,druid's power is little   
loved2 it has little honor in the mighty
 land1 peopled with so many of the      
upright4 ,when the ,law comes1 it will  
do away with the ,druid's magic spells  
that issue from the lips of the false   
black demon4  ,then ,conn the king      
observed that since the coming of the   
maiden ,connla his son spoke to none    
that spake to him4 ,so ,conn of the     
,hundred ,fights said to him1 ,is it to 
thy mind what the woman says1 my son8   
',tis hard upon me1 said ,connla2 ,i    
love my own folk above all things2 but  
yet a longing seizes me for the maiden4 
,when the maiden heard this1 she        

answered and said3 ,the ocean is not so 
strong as the waves of thy longing4     
,come with me in my curragh1 the        
gleaming1 straight-gliding crystal      
canoe4 ,soon can we reach ,boadag's     
realm4 ,i see the bright sun sink1 yet  
far as it is1 we can reach it before    
dark4 ,there is1 too1 another land      
worthy of thy journey1 a land joyous to 
all that seek it4 ,only wives and       
maidens dwell there4 ,if thou wilt1 we  
can seek it and live there alone        
together in joy4  ,when the maiden      
ceased to speak1 ,connla of the ,fiery  
,hair rushed away from his kinsmen and  
sprang into the curragh1 the gleaming1  
straight-gliding crystal canoe4 ,and    
then they all1 king and court1 saw it   
glide away over the bright sea towards  
the setting sun1 away and away1 till eye
 could see it no longer4 ,so ,connla and
 the ,fairy ,maiden went forth on the   
sea1 and were no more seen1 nor did any 
know whither they went4    #ahh         
,one of the best of the volumes of      

,irish tales         is ,lady ,wilde's  
,ancient ,legends of ,ireland1          
and one of the best stories in that     
volume is         her version of the    
witch story of ,the ,horned             
,women4 ,the story is compact and       
restrained in         the telling1 and  
carries effectively to the              
listener the creepy spell of the        
witches4 ,the         way in which the  
house was prepared against the          
enchantments of the returning witches   
furnishes         a good illustration of
 some of the deep-seated                
superstitions of the folk4   ,,the      
,,horned ,,women  ,a rich woman sat up  
late one night carding and preparing    
wool1 while all the family and servants 
were asleep4 ,suddenly a knock was given
 at the door1 and a voice called1 ,open6
 ,open6  ,who is there8 said the woman  
of the house4  ,i am the ,witch of the  
one ,horn1 was answered4  ,the mistress1
 supposing that one of her neighbors had
 called and required assistance1 opened 

the door1 and a woman entered1 having in
 her hand a pair of wool carders1 and   
bearing a horn on her forehead1 as if   
growing there4 ,she sat down by the fire
 in silence1 and began to card the wool 
with violent haste4 ,suddenly she       
paused1 and said aloud3 ,where are the  
women2 they delay too long4  ,then a    
second knock came to the door1 and a    
voice called as before1 ,open6 ,open6   
,the mistress felt herself constrained  
to rise and open to the call1 and       
immediately a second witch entered1     
having two horns on her forehead1 and in
 her hand a wheel for spinning wool4    
,give me place1 she said1 ,i am the     
,witch of the two ,horns2 and she began 
to spin as quick as lightning4  ,and so 
the knocks went on1 and the call was    
heard1 and the witches entered1 until at
 last1 twelve women sat round the       
fire--the first with one horn1 the last 
with twelve horns4  ,and they carded the
 thread1 and turned their spinning      
wheels1 and wound and wove4  ,all were  

singing together an ancient rhyme1 but  
no word did they speak to the mistress  
of the house4 ,strange to hear and      
frightful to look upon were these twelve
 women1 with their horns and their      
wheels2 and the mistress felt near to   
death1 and she tried to rise that she   
might call for help1 but she could not  
move1 nor could she utter a word or a   
cry1 for the spell of the witches was   
upon her4  ,then one of them called to  
her in ,irish1 and said1 ,rise1 woman1  
and make us a cake4 ,then the mistress  
searched for a vessel to bring water    
from the well that she might mix the    
meal and make the cake1 but she could   
find none4  ,and they said to her1 ,take
 a sieve1 and bring water in it4 ,and   
she took the sieve and went to the well2
 but the water poured from it1 and she  
could fetch none for the cake1 and she  
sat down by the well and wept4  ,then   
came a voice by her1 and said1 ,take    
yellow clay and moss and bind them      
together1 and plaster the sieve so that 

it will hold4  ,this she did1 and the   
sieve held the water for the cake2 and  
the voice said again3 ,return1 and when 
thou comest to the north angle of the   
house cry aloud three times1 and say1   
',the mountain of the ,fenian women and 
the sky over it is all on fire4'  ,and  
she did so4  ,when the witches inside   
heard the call1 a great and terrible cry
 broke from their lips1 and they rushed 
forth with wild lamentations and        
shrieks1 and fled away to ,slievenamon1 
where was their chief abode4 ,but the   
,spirit of the ,well bade the mistress  
of the house to enter and prepare her   
home against the enchantments of the    
witches1 if they returned again4  ,and  
first1 to break their spells1 she       
sprinkled the water in which she had    
washed her child's feet 7the feet-water7
 outside the door on the threshold2     
secondly1 she took the cake which the   
witches had made in her absence1 of meal
 mixed with the blood drawn from the    
sleeping family1 and she broke the cake 

in bits1 and placed a bit in the mouth  
of each sleeper1 and they were restored2
 and she took the cloth they had woven1 
and placed it half in and half out of   
the chest with the padlock2 and1 lastly1
 she secured the door with a great      
crossbeam fastened in the jambs1 so that
 they could not enter1 and having done  
these things she waited4  ,not long were
 the witches in coming1 and they raged  
and called for vengeance4  ,open6 ,open6
 they screamed4 ,open1 feet-water6  ,i  
cannot1 said the feet-water2 ,i am      
scattered on the ground1 and my path is 
down to the ,lough4  ,open1 open1 wood  
and trees and beam6 they cried to the   
door4  ,i cannot1 said the door1 for the
 beam is fixed in the jambs1 and ,i have
 no power to move4  ,open1 open1 cake   
that we have made and mingled with      
blood6 they cried again4  ,i cannot1    
said the cake1 for ,i am broken and     
bruised1 and my blood is on the lips of 
the sleeping children4  ,then the       
witches rushed through the air with     

great cries1 and fled back to           
,slievenamon1 uttering strange curses on
 the ,spirit of the ,well1 who had      
wished their ruin4 ,but the woman and   
the house were left in peace1 and a     
mantle dropped by one of the witches was
 kept hung up by the mistress as a sign 
of the night's awful contest2 and this  
mantle was in possession of the same    
family from generation to generation for
 five hundred years after4    #ahi      
,the story of ,king ,o',toole and ,his  
,goose is         from ,samuel ,lover's 
,stories and ,legends of the            
,irish ,peasantry1 as reprinted in      
slightly         abridged form in       
,william ,butler ,yeats's ,irish        
,fairy ,tales4 ,the extreme form of the 
dialect         is kept as in the       
original1 since the humor is            
largely dependent on the language of the
         peasant who tells the story4   
,it will serve as a         good        
illustration for practice work for the  
amateur story-teller4 ,probably most    

teachers         would find it necessary
 to reduce this         dialect or to   
eliminate it altogether4 ,mr4           
,jacobs1 who includes this story in his 
,celtic         ,fairy ,tales1 reduces  
the dialect very         materially1    
keeping just enough to remind one       
that it is ,irish4 ,he also says the    
final word         as to the moral of   
the story3 ,this is a moral             
apologue on the benefits of keeping your
 word4         ,yet it is told with such
 humor and vigor1 that         the moral
 glides insensibly into the heart4      
,,king ,o',,toole ,,and ,,his ,,goose   
,by ,gor1 ,i thought all the world1 far 
and near1 heerd o' ,king                
,o',toole--well1 well1 but the darkness 
of mankind is ontellible6 ,well1 sir1   
you must know1 as you didn't hear it    
afore1 that there was a king1 called    
,king ,o',toole1 who was a fine ould    
king in the ould ancient times1 long    
ago2 and it was him that owned the      
churches in the early days4 ,the king1  

you see1 was the right sort2 he was the 
rale boy1 and loved sport as he loved   
his life1 and huntin' in partic'lar2 and
 from the risin' o' the sun1 up he got1 
and away he wint over the mountains     
beyant afther the deer2 and the fine    
times them wor4  ,well1 it was all      
mighty good1 as long as the king had his
 health2 but1 you see1 in coorse of time
 the king grew ould1 by raison he was   
stiff in his limbs1 and when he got     
sthriken in years1 his heart failed him1
 and he was lost intirely for want o'   
divarshin1 bekase he couldn't go a      
huntin' no longer2 and1 by dad1 the poor
 king was obleeged at last for to get a 
goose to divart him4 ,oh1 you may laugh1
 if you like1 but it's truth ,i'm       
tellin' you2 and the way the goose      
divarted him was this-a-way3 ,you see1  
the goose used for to swim across the   
lake1 and go divin' for throut1 and     
cotch fish on a ,friday for the king1   
and flew every other day round about the
 lake1 divartin' the poor king4 ,all    

went on mighty well1 antil1 by dad1 the 
goose got sthriken in years like her    
master1 and couldn't divart him no      
longer1 and then it was that the poor   
king was lost complate4 ,the king was   
walkin' one mornin' by the edge of the  
lake1 lamentin' his cruel fate1 and     
thinkin' o' drownin' himself1 that could
 get no divarshun in life1 when all of a
 suddint1 turnin' round the corner      
beyant1 who should he meet but a mighty 
dacent young man comin' up to him4      
',god save you1' says the king to the   
young man4  ',god save you kindly1 ,king
 ,o',toole1' says the young man4 ',thrue
 for you1' says the king4 ',i am ,king  
,o',toole1' says he1 'prince and        
plennypennytinchery o' these parts1'    
says he2 'but how kem ye to know that8' 
says he4 ',oh1 never mind1' says ,saint 
,kavin4  ,you see it was ,saint ,kavin1 
sure enough--the saint himself in       
disguise1 and nobody else4 ',oh1 never  
mind1' says he1 ',i know more than that4
 ,may ,i make bowld to ax how is your   

goose1 ,king ,o',toole8' says he4       
',bluran-agers1 how kem ye to know about
 my goose8' says the king4 ',oh1 no     
matther2 ,i was given to understand it1'
 says ,saint ,kavin4 ,after some more   
talk the king says1 ',what are you8'    
',i'm an honest man1' says ,saint       
,kavin4 ',well1 honest man1' says the   
king1 'and how is it you make your money
 so aisy8' ',by makin' ould things as   
good as new1' says ,saint ,kavin4 ',is  
it a tinker you are8' says the king4    
',no1' says the saint2 ',i'm no tinker  
by thrade1 ,king ,o',toole2 ,i've a     
betther thrade than a tinker1' says     
he--'what would you say1' says he1 'if  
,i made your ould goose as good as new8'
  ,my dear1 at the word o' makin' his   
goose as good as new1 you'd think the   
poor ould king's eyes was ready to jump 
out iv his head4 ,with that the king    
whistled1 and down kem the poor goose1  
all as one as a hound1 waddlin' up to   
the poor cripple1 her masther1 and as   
like him as two pays4 ,the minute the   

saint clapt his eyes on the goose1      
',i'll do the job for you1' says he1    
',king ,o',toole4' ',by ,jaminee6' says 
,king ,o',toole1 'if you do1 but ,i'll  
say you're the cleverest fellow in the  
sivin parishes4' ',oh1 by dad1' says    
,saint ,kavin1 'you must say more nor   
that--my horn's not so soft all out1'   
says he1 'as to repair your ould goose  
for nothin'2 what'll you gi' me if ,i do
 the job for you8--that's the chat1'    
says ,saint ,kavin4 ',i'll give you     
whatever you ax1' says the king2 'isn't 
that fair8' ',divil a fairer1' says the 
saint2 'that's the way to do business4  
,now1' says he1 'this is the bargain    
,i'll make with you1 ,king ,o',toole3   
will you gi' me all the ground the goose
 flies over1 the first offer1 afther ,i 
make her as good as new8' ',i will1'    
says the king1 ',you won't go back o'   
your word8' says ,saint ,kavin4 ',honor 
bright6' says ,king ,o',toole1 howldin' 
out his fist4 ',honor bright6' says     
,saint ,kavin1 back agin1 'it's a       

bargain4 ,come here6' says he to the    
poor ould goose--'come here1 you        
unfort'nate ould cripple1 and it's ,i   
that'll make you the sportin' bird4'    
,with that1 my dear1 he took up the     
goose by the two wings--',criss o' my   
crass and you1' says he1 markin' her to 
grace with the blessed sign at the same 
minute--and throwin' her up in the air1 
'whew1' says he1 jist givin' her a blast
 to help her2 and with that1 my jewel1  
she tuk to her heels1 flyin' like one o'
 the aigles themselves and cuttin' as   
many capers as a swallow before a shower
 of rain4  ,well1 my dear1 it was a     
beautiful sight to see the king standin'
 with his mouth open1 lookin' at his    
poor ould goose flyin' as light as a    
lark1 and betther nor ever she was3 and 
when she lit at his fut1 patter her an  
the head1 and1 ',ma vourneen1' says he1 
'but you are the darlint o' the world4' 
',and what do you say to me1' says      
,saint ,kavin1 'for makin' her the      
like8' ',by gor1' says the king1 ',i say

 nothin' bates the art o' man1 barrin'  
the bees4' ',and do you say no more nor 
that8' says ,saint ,kavin4 ',and that   
,i'm behoulden to you1' says the king4  
',but will you give me all the ground   
the goose flew over8' says ,saint       
,kavin4 ',i will1' says ,king ,o',toole1
 'and you're welkim to it1' says he1    
'though it's the last acre ,i have to   
give4' ',but you'll keep your word      
thrue8' says the saint4 ',as thrue as   
the sun1' says the king4 ',it's well for
 you1 ,king ,o',toole1 that you said    
that word1' says he2 'for if you didn't 
say that word1 the devil receave the bit
 o' your goose id ever fly agin4'  ,whin
 the king was as good as his word1      
,saint ,kavin was plazed with him1 and  
thin it was that he made himself known  
to the king4 ',and1' says he1 ',king    
,o',toole1 you're a dacent man1 for ,i  
only kem here to thry you4 ,you don't   
know me1' says he1 'bekase ,i'm         
disguised4' ',musha6 thin1' says the    
king1 'who are you8' ',i'm ,saint       

,kavin1' said the ,saint1 blessin'      
himself4 ',oh1 queen iv heaven6' says   
the king makin' the sign o' the crass   
betune his eyes1 and fallin' down on his
 knees before the saint2 'is it the     
great ,saint ,kavin1' says he1 'that    
,i've been discoorsin' all this time    
without knowin' it1' says he1 'all as   
one as if he was a lump iv a            
gosson8--and so you're a saint8' says   
the king4 ',i am1' says ,saint ,kavin4  
',by gor1 ,i thought ,i was only talking
 to a dacent boy1' says the king4       
',well1 you know the differ now1' says  
the saint4 ',i'm ,saint ,kavin1' says   
he1 'the greatest of all the saints4'   
,and so the king had his goose as good  
as new1 to divart him as long as he     
lived3 and the saint supported him      
afther he kem into his property1 as ,i  
tould you1 until the day iv his         
death--and that was soon afther2 for the
 poor goose thought he was ketchin' a   
throut one ,friday2 but1 my jewel1 it   
was a mistake he made--and instead of a 

throut1 it was a thievin' horse-eel2 and
 by gor1 instead iv the goose killin' a 
throut for the king's supper1--by dad1  
the eel killed the king's goose--and    
small blame to him2 but he didn't ate   
her1 bekase he darn't ate what ,saint   
,kavin had laid his blessed hands on4   
,,section ,,iv   ,,fairy                
,,stories--,,modern ,,fantastic ,,tales 
,,bibliography     ,alden1 ,raymond     
,macdonald1 ,why the ,chimes ,rang1 and 
,other       ,stories4    ,andersen1    
,hans ,christian1 ,fairy ,tales4        
,barrie1 ,sir ,james ,matthew1 ,the     
,little ,white ,bird4 ,peter ,pan4      
,baum1 ,l4 ,frank1 ,the ,wizard of ,oz4 
,benson1 ,a4 ,c41 ,david ,blaize and the
 ,blue ,door4    ,beston1 ,h4 ,b41 ,the 
,firelight ,fairy ,book4    ,brown1     
,abbie ,farwell1 ,the ,lonesomest ,doll4
    ,browne1 ,frances1 ,granny's        
,wonderful ,chair4    ,carryl1 ,charles 
,e41 ,davy and the ,goblin4    ,carroll1
 ,lewis1 ,alice's ,adventures in        
,wonderland4    ,carroll1 ,lewis1       

,through the ,looking-,glass and ,what  
,alice       ,found ,there4             
,chamisso1 ,adelbert von1 ,the          
,wonderful ,history of ,peter           
,schlemihl4    ,collodi1 ,c41 ,the      
,adventures of ,pinocchio4    ,cox1     
,palmer1 ,the ,brownies3 ,their ,book4  
,craik1 ,dinah ,mulock1 ,adventures of a
 ,brownie4    ,craik1 ,dinah ,mulock1   
,the ,little ,lame ,prince and ,his     
,traveling-,cloak4    ,crothers1 ,samuel
 ,mc,chord1 ,miss ,muffet's ,christmas  
,party4    ,dickens1 ,charles1 ,a       
,christmas ,carol4    ,ewald1 ,carl1    
,two-,legs1 and ,other ,stories4        
,grahame1 ,kenneth1 ,the ,wind in the   
,willows4    ,harris1 ,joel ,chandler1  
,nights with ,uncle ,remus4             
,hawthorne1 ,nathaniel1 ,the ,snow      
,image1 ,little ,daffydowndilly1        
,a ,rill from the ,town ,pump4          
,ingelow1 ,jean1 ,mopsa the ,fairy4     
,ingelow1 ,jean1 ,stories ,told to a    
,child4 #b vols4    ,jordan1 ,david     
,starr1 ,the ,book of ,knight and       

,barbara4    ,lagerlof1 ,selma1 ,the    
,wonderful ,adventures of ,nils4    ,la 
,motte-,fouque1 ,f4 de1 ,undine4        
,lang1 ,andrew1 ,prince ,prigio4        
,kingsley1 ,charles1 ,the ,water        
,babies4    ,maeterlinck1 ,maurice1 ,the
 ,blue ,bird4    ,macdonald1 ,george1   
,the ,princess and the ,goblin4         
,macdonald1 ,george1 ,at the ,back of   
the ,north ,wind4    ,pyle1 ,katherine1 
,in the ,green ,forest4    ,raspe1      
,rudolph ,erich1 ,baron ,munchausen's   
,narrative4    ,richards1 ,laura ,e41   
,the ,story of ,toto4    ,richards1     
,laura ,e41 ,the ,pig ,brother4         
,ruskin1 ,john1 ,the ,king of the       
,golden ,river4    ,stockton1 ,frank    
,r41 ,fanciful ,tales4    ,swift1       
,jonathan1 ,gulliver's ,travels4        
,thackeray1 ,william ,makepeace1 ,the   
,rose and the ,ring4    ,wilde1 ,oscar1 
,the ,happy ,prince1 and ,other         
,stories4    ,wilkins1 ,mary ,e41 ,the  
,pot of ,gold4    ,,section ,,iv3       
,,fairy ,,stories--,,modern ,,fantastic 

,,tales  ,,introductory  ,the           
difficulties of classification are very 
apparent here1 and once more it must be 
noted that illustrative and practical   
purposes rather than logical ones are   
served by the arrangement adopted4 ,the 
modern fanciful story is here placed    
next to the real folk story instead of  
after all the groups of folk products4  
,the ,hebrew stories at the beginning   
belong quite as well1 perhaps even      
better1 in ,section ,v1 while the       
stories at the end of ,section ,,vi     
shade off into the more modern types of 
short tales4 ,then the fact that other  
groups of modern stories are to follow  
later1 illustrating more realistic      
studies of life and the very recent and 
remarkably numerous writings centering  
around animal life1 limits the list     
here4 ,many of the animal stories might1
 with equal propriety1 be placed under  
the head of the fantastic4  ,the child's
 natural literature4 ,the world has lost
 certain secrets as the price of an     

advancing civilization4 ,it is a        
commonplace of observation that no one  
can duplicate the success of ,mother    
,goose1 whether she be thought of as the
 maker of jingles or the teller of      
tales4 ,the conditions of modern life   
preclude the generally naive attitude   
that produced the folk rhymes1 ballads1 
tales1 proverbs1 fables1 and myths4 ,the
 folk saw things simply and directly4   
,the complex1 analytic1 questioning mind
 is not yet1 either in or out of        
stories4 ,the motives from which people 
act are to them plain and not mixed4    
,characters are good or bad4 ,they feel 
no need of elaborately explaining their 
joys and sorrows4 ,such experiences come
 with the day's work4 ,to-morrow to     
fresh woods1 and pastures new4 ,the zest
 of life with them is emphatic4 ,their  
humor is fresh1 unbounded1 sincere2     
there is no trace of cynicism4 ,in folk 
literature we do not feel the presence  
of a writer who is mightily concerned   
about maintaining his reputation for    

wisdom1 originality1 or style4 ,hence   
the freedom from any note of straining  
after effect1 of artificiality4 ,in the 
midst of a life limited to fundamental  
needs1 their literature deals with      
fundamentals4 ,on the whole1 it was a   
literature for entertainment4 ,a more   
learned upper class may have concerned  
itself then about problems and purposes1
 as the whole world does now1 but the   
literature of the folk had no such      
interests4  ,without discussing the     
limits of the culture-epoch theory of   
human development as a complete guide in
 education1 it is clear that the young  
child passes through a period when his  
mind looks out upon the world in a      
manner analogous to that of the folk as 
expressed in their literature4 ,quarrel 
with the fact as we may1 it still       
remains a fact that his nature craves   
these old stories and will not be       
satisfied with something just as good4  
,the modern fairy story4 ,the advance of
 civilization has been accompanied by a 

wistful longing for the simplicities    
left by the way4 ,in some periods this  
interest in the past has been more      
marked than in others4 ,when the        
machinery of life has weighed too       
heavily on the human spirit1 men have   
turned for relief to a contemplation of 
the good old times and have preached    
crusades of a return to nature4 ,many   
modern writers have tried to recapture  
some of the power of the folk tale by   
imitating its method4 ,in many cases    
they have had a fair degree of success3 
in one case1 that of ,hans ,christian   
,andersen1 the success is admittedly    
very complete4 ,as a rule1 however1 the 
sharpness of the sense of wonder has    
been blunted1 and many imitators of the 
old fairy tale succeed in keeping only  
the shell4 ,another class of modern     
fantastic tale is that of the pourquoi  
story1 which has the explanation of     
something as its object4 ,such tales    
grow out of the attempt to use the charm
 of old stories as a means of conveying 

instruction1 somewhat after the method  
of those parents who covered up our     
bitter medicine with some of our        
favorite jam4 ,even ,little ,red ,riding
 ,hood1 as we saw1 has been turned into 
a flower myth4 ,so compelling is this   
pedagogical motive that so-called nature
 myths have been invented or made from  
existing stories in great numbers4 ,the 
practical results please many teachers1 
but it may be questioned whether the    
gain is sufficient to compensate        
children for the distorting results upon
 masterpieces4  ,wide range of the      
modern fairy tale4 ,the bibliography    
will suggest something of the treasures 
in the field of the modern fanciful     
story4 ,from the delightful nonsense of 
,alice in ,wonderland and the travelers'
 tales of ,baron ,munchausen to the     
profound seriousness of ,the ,king of   
the ,golden ,river and ,why the ,chimes 
,rang is a far cry4 ,there are the rich 
fancies of ,barrie and ,maeterlinck1 at 
the same time delicate as the promises  

of spring and brilliant as the fruitions
 of summer4 ,one may be blown away to   
the land of ,oz1 he may lose his shadow 
with ,peter ,schlemihl1 he may outdo the
 magic carpet with his                  
,traveling-,cloak1 he may visit the     
courts of kings with his ,wonderful     
,chair2 ,miss ,muffet will invite us to 
her ,christmas party1 ,lemuel ,gulliver 
will lead us to lands not marked in the 
school atlas2 on every side is a world  
of wonder4  ,some qualities of these    
modern tales4 ,every age produces after 
its own fashion1 and we must expect to  
find the modern user of the fairy-story 
method expressing through it the        
qualities of his own outlook upon the   
world4 ,interest in the picturesque     
aspects of landscape will be emphasized1
 as in the early portions of ,the ,story
 of ,fairyfoot and1 with especial       
magnificence of style1 throughout ,the  
,king of the ,golden ,river4 ,there will
 appear the saddened mood of the modern 
in the face of the human miseries that  

make happiness a mockery1 as in ,the    
,happy ,prince4 ,the destructive effects
 of the possessive instinct upon all    
that is finest in human nature is       
reflected in ,the ,prince's ,dream4     
,that the most valuable efforts are     
often those performed with least        
spectacular settings may be discerned in
 ,the ,knights of the ,silver ,shield1  
while the lesson of kindly helpfulness  
is the burden of ,old ,pipes and the    
,dryad4 ,in many modern stories the     
reader is too much aware of the         
conscious efforts of style and          
structure4 ,the thoughtful child will   
sometimes be too much distressed by the 
more somber modern story1 and should not
 hear too many of the gloomy type4      
,andersen the consummate master4 ,hans  
,christian ,andersen is the acknowledged
 master of the modern story for         
children4 ,what are the sources of his  
success8 ,genius is always unexplainable
 except in terms of itself1 but some    
things are clear4 ,to begin1 he makes a 

mark--drives down a peg3 ,there came a  
soldier marching along the high         
road--one1 two6 one1 two6 and you are   
off4 ,no backing and filling1 no        
jockeying for position1 no elaborate    
setting of the stage4 ,the story's the  
thing6 ,next1 the language is the       
language of common oral speech1 free and
 unrestrained4 ,the rigid forms of the  
grammar are eschewed4 ,there is no      
beating around the bush4 ,seeing through
 the eyes of the child1 he uses the     
language that is natural to such sight3 
,aha6 there sat the dog with eyes as big
 as mill-wheels4 ,in quick dramatic     
fashion the story unrolls before your   
vision3 ,so the soldier cut the witch's 
head off4 ,there she lay6 ,no agonizing 
over the cruelty of it1 the lack of     
sympathy4 ,it is a joke after the       
child's own heart1 and with a hearty    
laugh at this end to an impostor1 the   
listener is on with the story4 ,the     
logic is the logic of childhood3 ,and   
everyone could see she was a real       

princess1 for she was so lovely4 ,when  
,andersen deals with some of the deeper 
truths of existence1 as in ,the         
,nightingale or ,the ,ugly ,duckling1 he
 still manages to throw it all into the 
form that is natural and convincing and 
simple to the child4 ,he never mounts a 
pedestal and becomes a grown-up         
philosopher4 ,perhaps ,andersen's secret
 lay in the fact that some fairy        
godmother invested him at birth with a  
power to see things so completely as a  
child sees them that he never questioned
 the dignity of the method4 ,in few of  
his stories is there any evidence of a  
constraint due to a conscious attempt to
 write down to the understandings of    
children4   ,,suggestions ,,for         
,,reading          ,the most valuable   
discussion of the         difficulties  
to be mastered in writing the           
literary fairy tale1 and the story of   
the only         very complete mastery  
yet made1 will be found         in the  
account of ,hans ,christian ,andersen in

         ,eminent ,authors of the       
,nineteenth ,century1 by         ,georg 
,brandes4 ,now and then hints of        
importance         on such stories and  
their value for children         may be 
found in biographies of the more        
prominent writers represented in the    
section         and mentioned in the    
bibliography1 and in         magazine   
articles and reviews4 ,these latter may 
be located by use of the periodical     
indexes         found in most libraries4
 ,for the proper         attitude which 
the schools should have toward          
fiction and fanciful writing in general1
         nothing could be better than   
two lectures on         ,children's     
,reading1 in ,on the ,art of            
,reading1 by ,sir ,arthur               
,quiller-,couch4    #aij          ,the  
rabbis of old were good story-tellers4  
,they         were essentially teachers 
and they understood         that the    
best sermon is a story4 ,they were      
fond of the parable1 the anecdote1 the  

apt         illustration1 and their     
legends that have been                  
transmitted to us1 all aglow with the   
light and         life of the ,orient1  
possess perennial charm4         ,it is 
possible to find in rabbinical sources a
         large number of brief stories  
that have the         power of          
entertaining as well as of emphasizing  
some qualities of character that are    
important         in all ages4 ,the plan
 of this book does not         include  
the wonderful stories of the ,old       
,testament1 which are easy of access to 
any         teacher and may be used as  
experience directs4         ,the ,hebrew
 stories following correspond very      
nearly to the folk anecdote and are     
placed in         this section because  
of their literary form4          ,dr4   
,abram ,s4 ,isaacs 7#ahea--7 is a       
professor in         ,new ,york         
,university and is also a rabbi4 ,the   
selection that follows is from his      
,stories         from the ,rabbis4      

7,copyrighted4 ,used by special         
permission of ,the ,bloch ,publishing   
,company1 ,new         ,york47 ,taking  
advantage of the popular                
superstition that a four-leaved clover  
is a         sign of good luck1 ,dr4    
,isaacs has grouped         together    
four parable-like stories1 each of      
which deals with wealth as a subject4   
,the         editors are responsible for
 the special titles         given4 ,the 
messages of these stories might be      
summarized as follows3 ,if you would be 
lucky1         7#a7 be honest because it
 is right to be honest1         7#b7    
value good friends more highly than     
gold1         7#c7 let love accompany   
each gift of charity1         and 7#d7  
use common sense in your business       
ventures4   ,a ,,four-,,leaved ,,clover 
,,abram ,s4 ,,isaacs  #a4 ,,the ,,rabbi 
,,and ,,the ,,diadem  ,great was the    
alarm in the palace of ,rome1 which soon
 spread throughout the entire city4 ,the
 ,empress had lost her costly diadem1   

and it could not be found4 ,they        
searched in every direction1 but it was 
all in vain4 ,half distracted1 for the  
mishap boded no good to her or her      
house1 the ,empress redoubled her       
exertions to regain her precious        
possession1 but without result4 ,as a   
last resource it was proclaimed in the  
public streets3  ,the ,empress has lost 
a priceless diadem4 ,whoever restores it
 within thirty days shall receive a     
princely reward4 ,but he who delays1 and
 brings it after thirty days1 shall lose
 his head4  ,in those times all         
nationalities flocked toward ,rome2 all 
classes and creeds could be met in its  
stately halls and crowded thoroughfares4
 ,among the rest was a rabbi1 a learned 
sage from the ,east1 who loved goodness 
and lived a righteous life1 in the stir 
and turmoil of the ,western world4 ,it  
chanced one night as he was strolling up
 and down1 in busy meditation1 beneath  
the clear1 moonlit sky1 he saw the      
diadem sparkling at his feet4 ,he seized

 it quickly1 brought it to his dwelling1
 where he guarded it carefully until the
 thirty days had expired1 when he       
resolved to return it to the owner4  ,he
 proceeded to the palace1 and1          
undismayed at sight of long lines of    
soldiery and officials1 asked for an    
audience with the ,empress4  ,what dost 
thou mean by this8 she inquired1 when he
 told her his story and gave her the    
diadem4 ,why didst thou delay until this
 hour8 ,dost thou know the penalty8 ,thy
 head must be forfeited4  ,i delayed    
until now1 the rabbi answered calmly1 so
 that thou mightst know that ,i return  
thy diadem1 not for the sake of the     
reward1 still less out of fear of       
punishment2 but solely to comply with   
the ,divine command not to withhold from
 another the property which belongs to  
him4  ,blessed be thy ,god6 the ,empress
 answered1 and dismissed the rabbi      
without further reproof2 for had he not 
done right for right's sake8   #b4      
,,friendship  ,a certain father was     

doubly blessed--he had reached a good   
old age1 and had ten sons4 ,one day he  
called them to his side1 and after      
repeated expressions of affection1 told 
them that he had acquired a fortune by  
industry and economy1 and would give    
them one hundred gold pieces each before
 his death1 so that they might begin    
business for themselves1 and not be     
obliged to wait until he had passed     
away4 ,it happened1 however1 that1 soon 
after1 he lost a portion of his         
property1 much to his regret1 and had   
only nine hundred and fifty gold pieces 
left4 ,so he gave one hundred to each of
 his nine sons4 ,when his youngest son1 
whom he loved most of all1 asked        
naturally what was to be his share1 the 
father replied3  ,my son1 ,i promised to
 give each of thy brothers one hundred  
gold pieces4 ,i shall keep my word to   
them4 ,i have fifty left4 ,thirty ,i    
shall reserve for my funeral expenses1  
and twenty will be thy portion4 ,but    
understand this--,i possess1 in         

addition1 ten friends1 whom ,i give over
 to thee as compensation for the loss of
 the eighty gold pieces4 ,believe me1   
they are worth more than all the gold   
and silver4  ,the youth tenderly        
embraced his parent1 and assured him    
that he was content1 such was his       
confidence and affection4 ,in a few days
 the father died1 and the nine sons took
 their money1 and without a thought of  
their youngest brother and the small    
amount he had received1 followed each   
his own fancy4 ,but the youngest son1   
although his portion was the least1     
resolved to heed his father's words1 and
 hold fast to the ten friends4 ,when a  
short time had elapsed he prepared a    
simple feast1 went to the ten friends of
 his father1 and said to them3 ,my      
father1 almost in his last words1 asked 
me to keep you1 his friends1 in honor4  
,before ,i leave this place to seek my  
fortune elsewhere1 will you not share   
with me a farewell meal1 and aid me thus
 to comply with his dying request8  ,the

 ten friends1 stirred by his earnestness
 and cordiality1 accepted his invitation
 with pleasure1 and enjoyed the repast1 
although they were used to richer fare4 
,when the moment for parting arrived1   
however1 one of them rose and spoke3 ,my
 friends1 it seems to me that of all the
 sons of our dear friend that has gone1 
the youngest alone is mindful of his    
father's friendship for us1 and         
reverences his memory4 ,let us1 then1 be
 true friends to him1 for his own sake  
as well1 and provide for him a generous 
sum1 that he may begin business here1   
and not be forced to live among         
strangers4  ,the proposal1 so unexpected
 and yet so merited1 was received with  
applause4 ,the youth1 proud of their    
friendship1 soon became a prosperous    
merchant1 who never forgot that faithful
 friends were more valuable than gold or
 silver1 and left an honored name to his
 descendants4   #c4 ,,true ,,charity    
,there lived once a very wealthy man1   
who cared little for money1 except as a 

means for helping others4 ,he used to   
adopt a peculiar plan in his method of  
charitable relief4 ,he had three boxes  
made for the three different classes of 
people whom he desired to assist4 ,in   
one box he put gold pieces1 which he    
distributed among artists and scholars1 
for he honored knowledge and learning as
 the highest possession4 ,in the second 
box he placed silver pieces for widows  
and orphans1 for whom his sympathies    
were readily awakened4 ,in the third    
were copper coins for the general poor  
and beggars--no one was turned away from
 his dwelling without some gift1 however
 small4  ,that the man was beloved by   
all1 need hardly be said4 ,he rejoiced  
that he was enabled to do so much good1 
retained his modest bearing1 and        
continued to regard his wealth as only  
an incentive to promote the happiness of
 mankind1 without distinction of creed  
or nationality4 ,unhappily1 his wife was
 just the opposite4 ,she rarely gave    
food or raiment to the poor1 and felt   

angry at her husband's liberality1 which
 she considered shameless extravagance4 
,the day came when in the pressure of   
various duties he had to leave his      
house1 and could not return until the   
morrow4 ,unaware of his sudden          
departure1 the poor knocked at the door 
as usual for his kind gifts2 but when   
they found him absent1 they were about  
to go away or remain in the street1     
being terrified at the thought of asking
 his wife for alms4 ,vexed at their     
conduct1 she exclaimed impetuously3 ,i  
will give to the poor according to my   
husband's method4  ,she seized the keys 
of the boxes1 and first opened the box  
of gold4 ,but how great was her terror  
when she gazed at its contents--frogs   
jumping here and there4 ,then she went  
to the silver box1 and it was full of   
ants4 ,with troubled heart1 she opened  
the copper box1 and it was crowded with 
creeping bugs4 ,loud then were her      
complaints1 and bitter her tears1 at the
 deception1 and she kept her room until 

her husband returned4  ,no sooner did   
the man enter the room1 annoyed that so 
many poor people were kept waiting      
outside1 than she asked him3 ,why did   
you give me keys to boxes of frogs1     
ants1 and bugs1 instead of gold1 silver1
 and copper8 ,was it right thus to      
deceive your wife1 and disappoint the   
poor8  ,not so1 rejoined her husband4   
,the mistake must be yours1 not mine4 ,i
 have given you the right keys4 ,i do   
not know what you have done with them4  
,come1 let me have them4 ,i am guiltless
 of any deception4 ,he took the keys1   
quickly opened the boxes1 and found the 
coins as he had left them4 ,ah1 dear    
wife1 said he1 when she had regained her
 composure1 your heart1 ,i fear1 was not
 in the gift1 when you wished to give to
 the poor4 ,it is the feeling that      
prompts us to aid1 not the mere money1  
which is the chief thing after all4     
,and ever after1 her heart was changed4 
,her gifts blessed the poor of the land1
 and aroused their love and reverence4  

#d4 ,,an ,,eastern ,,garden  ,in an     
,eastern city a lovely garden           
flourished1 whose beauty and luxuriance 
awakened much admiration4 ,it was the   
owner's greatest pleasure to watch its  
growth1 as leaf1 flower1 and tree seemed
 daily to unfold to brighter bloom4 ,one
 morning1 while taking his usual stroll 
through the well-kept paths1 he was     
surprised to find that some blossoms    
were picked to pieces4 ,the next day he 
noticed more signs of mischief1 and     
rendered thus more observant he gave    
himself no rest until he had discovered 
the culprit4 ,it was a little trembling 
bird1 whom he managed to capture1 and   
was about to kill in his anger1 when it 
exclaimed3 ,do not kill me1 ,i beg you1 
kind sir4 ,i am only a wee1 tiny bird4  
,my flesh is too little to satisfy you4 
,i would not furnish one-hundredth of a 
meal to a man of your size4 ,let me free
 without any hesitation1 and ,i shall   
teach you something that will be of much
 use to you and your friends4  ,i would 

dearly like to put an end to you1       
replied the man1 for you were rapidly   
putting an end to my garden4 ,it is a   
good thing to rid the world of such     
annoyances4 ,but as ,i am not           
revengeful1 and am always glad to learn 
something useful1 ,i shall set you free 
this time4 ,and he opened his hand to   
give the bird more air4  ,attention6    
cried the bird4 ,here are three rules   
which should guide you through life1 and
 if you observe them you will find your 
path made easier3 ,do not cry over spilt
 milk2 do not desire what is            
unattainable1 and do not believe what is
 impossible4  ,the man was satisfied    
with the advice1 and let the bird       
escape2 but it had scarcely regained its
 liberty1 when1 from a high tree        
opposite1 it exclaimed3  ,what a silly  
man6 ,the idea of letting me escape6 ,if
 you only knew what you have lost6 ,but 
it is too late now4  ,what have ,i lost8
 the man asked1 angrily4  ,why1 if you  
had killed me1 as you intended1 you     

would have found inside of me a huge    
pearl1 as large as a goose's egg1 and   
you would have been a wealthy man       
forever4  ,dear little bird1 the man    
said in his blandest tones2 sweet little
 bird1 ,i will not harm you4 ,only come 
down to me1 and ,i will treat you as if 
you were my own child1 and give you     
fruit and flowers all day4 ,i assure you
 of this most sacredly4  ,but the bird  
shook its head sagely1 and replied3     
,what a silly man1 to forget so soon the
 advice which was given him in all      
seriousness4 ,i told you not to cry over
 spilt milk1 and here you are1 worrying 
over what has happened4 ,i urged you not
 to desire the unattainable1 and now you
 wish to capture me again4 ,and1        
finally1 ,i asked you not to believe    
what is impossible1 and you are rashly  
imagining that ,i have a huge pearl     
inside of me1 when a goose's egg is     
larger than my whole body4 ,you ought to
 learn your lessons better in the       
future1 if you would become wise1 added 

the bird1 as with another twist of its  
head it flew away1 and was lost in the  
distance4    #aia          ,a classic   
collection of short stories from the    
ancient ,hebrew sages is the little     
book1         ,hebrew ,tales1 published 
in ,london in #ahbf by         the noted
 ,jewish scholar ,hyman ,hurwitz        
7#aggj-ahdd74 ,a modern handy edition of
 this         book 7about sixty tales7  
is published as ,vol4         ,,ii of   
the ,library of ,jewish ,classics4 ,of  
special interest is the fact that it    
contained         three stories by the  
poet ,samuel ,taylor         ,coleridge1
 who had published them first in his    
periodical1 ,the ,friend4 ,coleridge was
 much         interested in ,hebrew     
literature1 and especially         fond 
of speaking in parables1 as those who   
know         ,the ,ancient ,mariner will
 readily recall4 ,the         following 
is one of the three stories referred    
to1 and it had prefixed to it the       
significant         text1 ,the ,lord    

helpeth man and beast4 7,psalm          
,,xxxvi1 #f47   ,,the ,,lord ,,helpeth  
,,man ,,and ,,beast  ,,samuel ,,taylor  
,,coleridge  ,during his march to       
conquer the world1 ,alexander1 the      
,macedonian1 came to a people in ,africa
 who dwelt in a remote and secluded     
corner1 in peaceful huts1 and knew      
neither war nor conqueror4 ,they led him
 to the hut of their chief1 who received
 him hospitably1 and placed before him  
golden dates1 golden figs1 and bread of 
gold4  ,do you eat gold in this country8
 said ,alexander4  ,i take it for       
granted1 replied the chief1 that thou   
wert able to find eatable food in thine 
own country4 ,for what reason1 then1 art
 thou come amongst us8  ,your gold has  
not tempted me hither1 said ,alexander1 
but ,i would become acquainted with your
 manners and customs4  ,so be it1       
rejoined the other3 sojourn among us as 
long as it pleaseth thee4  ,at the close
 of this conversation1 two citizens     
entered1 as into their court of justice4

 ,the plaintiff said1 ,i bought of this 
man a piece of land1 and as ,i was      
making a deep drain through it1 ,i found
 a treasure4 ,this is not mine1 for ,i  
only bargained for the land1 and not for
 any treasure that might be concealed   
beneath it2 and yet the former owner of 
the land will not receive it4 ,the      
defendant answered1 ,i hope ,i have a   
conscience1 as well as my fellow        
citizen4 ,i sold him the land with all  
its contingent1 as well as existing     
advantages1 and consequently1 the       
treasure inclusively4  ,the chief1 who  
was at the same time their supreme      
judge1 recapitulated their words1 in    
order that the parties might see whether
 or not he understood them aright4      
,then1 after some reflection1 said3     
,thou hast a son1 friend1 ,i believe8   
,yes4  ,and thou1 addressing the other1 
a daughter8  ,yes4  ,well1 then1 let thy
 son marry thy daughter1 and bestow the 
treasure on the young couple for a      
marriage portion4 ,alexander seemed     

surprised and perplexed4 ,think you my  
sentence unjust8 the chief asked him4   
,oh1 no6 replied ,alexander2 but it     
astonishes me4  ,and how1 then1 rejoined
 the chief1 would the case have been    
decided in your country8  ,to confess   
the truth1 said ,alexander1 we should   
have taken both parties into custody1   
and have seized the treasure for the    
king's use4  ,for the king's use6       
exclaimed the chief2 does the sun shine 
on that country8  ,oh1 yes6  ,does it   
rain there8  ,assuredly4  ,wonderful6   
,but are there tame animals in the      
country1 that live on the grass and     
green herbs8  ,very many1 and of many   
kinds4  ,ay1 that must1 then1 be the    
cause1 said the chief3 for the sake of  
those innocent animals the ,all-gracious
 ,being continues to let the sun shine1 
and the rain drop down on your country2 
since its inhabitants are unworthy of   
such blessings4    #aib          ,by    
almost common consent ,hans ,christian  
,andersen 7#ahje-ahge71 the ,danish     

author1 is the         acknowledged     
master of all modern writers of         
fairy tales4 ,he was born in poverty1   
the son of         a poor shoemaker4    
,with a naturally keen         dramatic 
sense1 his imagination was stirred by   
stories from the ,arabian ,nights and   
,la         ,fontaine's ,fables1 by     
,french and ,spanish         soldiers   
marching through his native city1 and   
by listening to the wonderful folk tales
 of his         country4 ,on a toy stage
 and with toy actors1         these     
vivid impressions took actual form4 ,the
         world continued a dramatic     
spectacle to him         throughout his 
existence4 ,his consuming               
ambition was for the stage1 but he had  
none of         the personal graces so  
necessary for success4         ,he was  
ungainly and awkward1 like his ugly     
duckling4 ,but when at last he began to 
write1         he had the power to      
transfer to the page the         vivid  
dramas in his mind1 and this power      

culminated in the creation of fairy     
stories for         children which he   
began to publish in #ahce4 ,it          
is usual to say that ,andersen1 like    
,peter ,pan1         never grew up1 and 
it is certain that he         never lost
 the power of seeing things as          
children see them4 ,like many great     
writers         whose fame now rests on 
the suffrages of child         readers1 
,andersen seems at first to have felt   
that the ,tales were slight and beneath 
his         dignity4 ,they are not all  
of the same high         quality4       
,occasionally one of them becomes too   
sentimental and sickly sweet1 but the   
best of         them have a sturdiness  
that is thoroughly         refreshing4  
,the most acute analysis of the elements
 of         ,andersen's greatness as the
 ideal writer for         children is   
that made by his fellow-countryman      
,georg ,brandes in ,eminent ,authors of 
the         ,nineteenth ,century4 ,a    
briefer account on         similar lines

 will be found in ,h4 ,j4 ,boyesen's    
,scandinavian ,literature4 ,a still     
briefer         account1 eminently      
satisfactory for an         introduction
 to ,andersen1 by ,benjamin ,w4 ,wells1 
is in ,warner's ,library of the ,world's
 ,best         ,literature4 ,the        
interested student cannot1 of           
course1 afford to neglect ,andersen's   
own ,the         ,story of ,my ,life4   
,among the more elaborate               
biographies the ,life of ,hans          
,christian         ,andersen by ,r4     
,nisbet ,bain is probably the           
best4 ,the first translation of the     
,tales into         ,english was made by
 ,mary ,howitt in #ahdf and1 as         
far as it goes1 is still regarded as one
 of the         finest4 ,however1       
,andersen has been very                 
fortunate in his many translators4 ,the 
version         by ,h4 ,w4 ,dulcken has 
been published in many         cheap    
forms and perhaps more widely read than 
any other4 ,in addition to the stories  

in the         following pages1 some of 
those most suitable         for use are 
,the ,little ,match ,girl1 ,the         
,silver ,shilling1 ,five ,peas in the   
,pod1 ,hans         ,clodhopper1 and    
,the ,snow ,queen4 ,the latter          
is one of the longest and an undoubted  
masterpiece4          ,the first two    
stories following are taken from        
,mrs4 ,henderson's ,andersen's ,best    
,fairy ,tales4         7,copyright4     
,rand ,mc,nally  ,co47 ,this little     
book contains thirteen stories in a very
 simple         translation and also an 
excellent story of         ,andersen's  
life in a form most attractive to       
children4 ,the ,princess and the ,pea is
 a story         for the story's sake4  
,the humor1 perhaps         slightly    
satirical1 is based upon the notion so  
common in the old folk tales that royal 
personages are decidedly more delicate  
than the         person of low degree4  
,however1 the tendency to         think 
oneself of more consequence than another

         is not confined to any one     
class4   ,,the ,,real ,,princess  ,,hans
 ,,christian ,,andersen  7,version by   
,alice ,corbin ,henderson7  ,there was  
once a ,prince who wanted to marry a    
,princess4 ,but it was only a real      
,princess that he wanted to marry4  ,he 
traveled all over the world to find a   
real one4 ,but1 although there were     
plenty of princesses1 whether they were 
real princesses he could never discover4
 ,there was always something that did   
not seem quite right about them4  ,at   
last he had to come home again4 ,but he 
was very sad1 because he wanted to marry
 a real ,princess4  ,one night there was
 a terrible storm4 ,it thundered and    
lightened and the rain poured down in   
torrents4 ,in the middle of the storm   
there came a knocking1 knocking1        
knocking at the castle gate4 ,the kind  
old ,king himself went down to open the 
castle gate4  ,it was a young ,princess 
that stood outside the gate4 ,the wind  
and the rain had almost blown her to    

pieces4 ,water streamed out of her hair 
and out of her clothes4 ,water ran in at
 the points of her shoes and out again  
at the heels4 ,yet she said that she was
 a real ,princess4  ,well1 we will soon 
find out about that6 thought the ,queen4
  ,she said nothing1 but went into the  
bedroom1 took off all the bedding1 and  
put a small dried pea on the bottom of  
the bedstead4 ,then she piled twenty    
mattresses on top of the pea1 and on top
 of these she put twenty feather beds4  
,this was where the ,princess had to    
sleep that night4  ,in the morning they 
asked her how she had slept through the 
night4  ,oh1 miserably6 said the        
,princess4 ,i hardly closed my eyes the 
whole night long6 ,goodness only knows  
what was in my bed6 ,i slept upon       
something so hard that ,i am black and  
blue all over4 ,it was dreadful6  ,so   
then they knew that she was a real      
,princess4 ,for1 through the twenty     
mattresses and the twenty feather beds1 
she had still felt the pea4 ,no one but 

a real ,princess could have had such a  
tender skin4  ,so the ,prince took her  
for his wife4 ,he knew now that he had a
 real ,princess4  ,as for the pea1 it   
was put in a museum where it may still  
be seen if no one has carried it away4  
,now this is a true story6    #aic      
,with some dozen exceptions1 all of     
,andersen's         ,tales are based    
upon older stories1 either         upon 
some old folk tale or upon something    
that         he ran across in his       
reading4 ,dr4 ,brandes1 in         his  
,eminent ,authors1 shows in detail how  
,the         ,emperor's ,new ,clothes   
came into being4 ,one         day in    
turning over the leaves of ,don         
,manuel's         ,count ,lucanor1      
,andersen became charmed by the         
homely wisdom of the old ,spanish story1
 with         the delicate flavor of the
 ,middle ,ages         pervading it1 and
 he lingered over chapter vii1          
which treats of how a king was served by
 three         rogues4 ,but ,andersen's 

story is a very         different one in
 many ways from his ,spanish            
original4 ,for one thing1 the meaning is
 so         universal that no one can   
miss it4 ,most of us         have1 in   
all likelihood1 at some time pretended  
to know what we do not know or to be    
what we         are not in order to save
 our face1 to avoid the         censure 
or ridicule of others4 ,there is much   
concerning which people dare not speak  
the         truth1 through cowardice1   
through fear of         acting otherwise
 than 'all the world1' through          
anxiety lest they should appear stupid4 
,and the         story is eternally new 
and it never ends4 ,it         has its  
grave side1 but just because of its     
endlessness it has also its humorous    
side4         ,when the absurd bubble of
 the grand procession         is        
punctured by the child1 whose mental    
honesty         has not yet been spoiled
 by the pressure of         convention1 
the ,emperor held himself stiffer       

than ever1 and the chamberlains carried 
the         invisible train4 ,for it    
would never do to hold         up the   
procession6   ,,the ,,emperor',s ,,new  
,,clothes  ,,hans ,,christian ,,andersen
  7,version by ,alice ,corbin           
,henderson7  ,many years ago there lived
 an ,emperor who thought so much of new 
clothes that he spent all his money on  
them4 ,he did not care for his soldiers2
 he did not care to go to the theater4  
,he liked to drive out in the park only 
that he might show off his new clothes4 
,he had a coat for every hour of the    
day4 ,they usually say of a king1 ,he is
 in the council chamber4 ,but of the    
,emperor they said1 ,he is in the       
clothes closet6  ,it was a gay city in  
which the ,emperor lived4 ,and many     
strangers came to visit it every day4   
,among these1 one day1 there came two   
rogues who set themselves up as weavers4
 ,they said they knew how to weave the  
most beautiful cloths imaginable4 ,and  
not only were the colors and patterns   

used remarkably beautiful1 but clothes  
made from this cloth could not be seen  
by any one who was unfit for the office 
he held or was too stupid for any use4  
,those would be fine clothes6 thought   
the ,emperor4 ,if ,i wore those ,i could
 find out what men in my empire were not
 fit for the places they held4 ,i could 
tell the clever men from the dunces6 ,i 
must have some clothes woven for me at  
once6  ,so he gave the two rogues a     
great deal of money that they might     
begin their work at once4  ,the rogues  
immediately put up two looms and        
pretended to be working4 ,but there was 
nothing at all on their looms4 ,they    
called for the finest silks and the     
brightest gold1 but this they put into  
their pockets4 ,at the empty looms they 
worked steadily until late into the     
night4  ,i should like to know how the  
weavers are getting on with my clothes1 
thought the ,emperor4  ,but he felt a   
little uneasy when he thought that any  
one who was stupid or was not fit for   

his office would be unable to see the   
cloth4 ,of course he had no fears for   
himself2 but still he thought he would  
send some one else first1 just to see   
how matters stood4  ,i will send my     
faithful old ,minister to the weavers1  
thought the ,emperor4 ,he can see how   
the stuff looks1 for he is a clever man1
 and no one is so careful in fulfilling 
duties as he is6  ,so the good old      
,minister went into the room where the  
two rogues sat working at the empty     
looms4  ,mercy on us6 thought the old   
,minister1 opening his eyes wide1 ,i    
can't see a thing6 ,but he didn't care  
to say so4  ,both the rascals begged him
 to be good enough to step a little     
nearer4 ,they pointed to the empty looms
 and asked him if he did not think the  
pattern and the coloring wonderful4 ,the
 poor old ,minister stared and stared as
 hard as he could1 but he could not see 
anything1 for1 of course1 there was     
nothing to see6  ,mercy6 he said to     
himself4 ,is it possible that ,i am a   

dunce8 ,i never thought so6 ,certainly  
no one must know it4 ,am ,i unfit for   
office8 ,it will never do to say that ,i
 cannot see the stuff6  ,well1 sir1 why 
do you say nothing of it8 asked the     
rogue who was pretending to weave4  ,oh1
 it is beautiful--charming6 said the old
 ,minister1 peering through his         
spectacles4 ,what a fine pattern1 and   
what wonderful colors6 ,i shall tell the
 ,emperor that ,i am very much pleased  
with it4  ,well1 we are glad to hear you
 say so1 answered the two swindlers4    
,then they named all the colors of the  
invisible cloth upon the looms1 and     
described the peculiar pattern4 ,the old
 ,minister listened intently1 so that he
 could repeat all that was said of it to
 the ,emperor4  ,the rogues now began to
 demand more money1 more silk1 and more 
gold thread in order to proceed with the
 weaving4 ,all of this1 of course1 went 
into their pockets4 ,not a single strand
 was ever put on the empty looms at     
which they went on working4  ,the       

,emperor soon sent another faithful     
friend to see how soon the new clothes  
would be ready4 ,but he fared no better 
than the ,minister4 ,he looked and      
looked and looked1 but still saw nothing
 but the empty looms4  ,isn't that a    
pretty piece of stuff8 asked both       
rogues1 showing and explaining the      
handsome pattern which was not there at 
all4  ,i am not stupid6 thought the man4
 ,it must be that ,i am not worthy of my
 good position4 ,that is1 indeed1       
strange4 ,but ,i must not let it be     
known6  ,so he praised the cloth he did 
not see1 and expressed his approval of  
the color and the design that were not  
there4 ,to the ,emperor he said1 ,it is 
charming6  ,soon everybody in town was  
talking about the wonderful cloth that  
the two rogues were weaving4  ,the      
,emperor began to think now that he     
himself would like to see the wonderful 
cloth while it was still on the looms4  
,accompanied by a number of his friends1
 among whom were the two faithful       

officers who had already beheld the     
imaginary stuff1 he went to visit the   
two men who were weaving1 might and     
main1 without any fiber and without any 
thread4  ,isn't it splendid6 cried the  
two statesmen who had already been      
there1 and who thought the others would 
see something upon the empty looms4     
,look1 your ,majesty6 ,what colors6 ,and
 what a design6  ,what's this8 thought  
the ,emperor4 ,i see nothing at all6 ,am
 ,i a dunce8 ,am ,i not fit to be       
,emperor8 ,that would be the worst thing
 that could happen to me1 if it were    
true4  ,oh1 it is very pretty6 said the 
,emperor aloud4 ,it has my highest      
approval6  ,he nodded his head happily1 
and stared at the empty looms4 ,never   
would he say that he could see nothing6 
,his friends1 too1 gazed and gazed1 but 
saw no more than had the others4 ,yet   
they all cried out1 ,it is beautiful6   
and advised the ,emperor to wear a suit 
made of this cloth in a great procession
 that was soon to take place4  ,it is   

magnificent1 gorgeous6 was the cry that 
went from mouth to mouth4 ,the ,emperor 
gave each of the rogues a royal ribbon  
to wear in his buttonhole1 and called   
them the ,imperial ,court ,weavers4     
,the rogues were up the whole night     
before the morning of the procession4   
,they kept more than sixteen candles    
burning4 ,the people could see them hard
 at work1 completing the new clothes of 
the ,emperor4 ,they took yards of stuff 
down from the empty looms2 they made    
cuts in the air with big scissors2 they 
sewed with needles without thread2 and1 
at last1 they said1 ,the clothes are    
ready6  ,the ,emperor himself1 with his 
grandest courtiers1 went to put on his  
new suit4  ,see6 said the rogues1       
lifting their arms as if holding        
something4 ,here are the trousers6 ,here
 is the coat6 ,here is the cape6 and so 
on4 ,it is as light as a spider's web4  
,one might think one had nothing on4    
,but that is just the beauty of it6     
,very nice1 said the courtiers4 ,but    

they could see nothing2 for there was   
nothing6  ,will your ,imperial ,majesty 
be graciously pleased to take off your  
clothes1 asked the rogues1 so that we   
may put on the new ones before this long
 mirror8  ,the ,emperor took off all his
 own clothes1 and the two rogues        
pretended to put on each new garment as 
it was ready4 ,they wrapped him about1  
and they tied and they buttoned4 ,the   
,emperor turned round and round before  
the mirror4  ,how well his ,majesty     
looks in his new clothes6 said the      
people4 ,how becoming they are6 ,what a 
pattern6 ,what colors6 ,it is a         
beautiful dress6  ,they are waiting     
outside with the canopy which is to be  
carried over your ,majesty in the       
procession1 said the master of          
ceremonies4  ,i am ready1 said the      
,emperor4 ,don't the clothes fit well8  
he asked1 giving a last glance into the 
mirror as though he were looking at all 
his new finery4  ,the men who were to   
carry the train of the ,emperor's cloak 

stooped down to the floor as if picking 
up the train1 and then held it high in  
the air4 ,they did not dare let it be   
known that they could see nothing4  ,so 
the ,emperor marched along under the    
bright canopy4 ,everybody in the streets
 and at the windows cried out3 ,how     
beautiful the ,emperor's new clothes    
are6 ,what a fine train6 ,and they fit  
to perfection6  ,no one would let it be 
known that he could see nothing1 for    
that would have proved that he was unfit
 for office or that he was very1 very   
stupid4 ,none of the ,emperor's clothes 
had ever been as successful as these4   
,but he has nothing on6 said a little   
child4  ,just listen to the innocent6   
said its father4  ,but one person       
whispered to another what the child had 
said4 ,he has nothing on6 ,a child says 
he has nothing on6  ,but he has nothing 
on6 at last cried all the people4  ,the 
,emperor writhed1 for he knew that this 
was true4 ,but he realized that it would
 never do to stop the procession4 ,so he

 held himself stiffer than ever1 and the
 chamberlains carried the invisible     
train4    #aid          ,in his story   
,the ,nightingale1 ,andersen            
suggests that the so-called upper class 
of         society may become so        
conventionalized as to be         unable
 to appreciate true beauty4 ,poor       
fishermen and the little kitchen girl in
 the         story recognize the beauty 
of the exquisite         song of the    
nightingale1 and ,andersen shows his    
regard for royalty by having the emperor
         appreciate it twice4 ,the last 
part of the story         is especially 
impressive4 ,when ,death approached     
the emperor and took from him the       
symbols that         had made him rank  
above his fellows1 the         emperor  
saw the realities of life and again     
perceived the beauty of the             
nightingale's song4         ,this       
contact with real life made ,death      
shrink         away4 ,then the emperor  
learned ,andersen's         message to  

artificial society3 ,if you would       
behold true beauty1 you must have it in 
your         own heart4   ,,the         
,,nightingale  ,,hans ,,christian       
,,andersen  ,in ,china1 you must know1  
the ,emperor is a ,chinaman1 and all    
whom he has about him are ,chinamen too4
 ,it happened a good many years ago1 but
 that's just why it's worth while to    
hear the story before it is forgotten4  
,the ,emperor's palace was the most     
splendid in the world2 it was made      
entirely of porcelain1 very costly1 but 
so delicate and brittle that one had to 
take care how one touched it4 ,in the   
garden were to be seen the most         
wonderful flowers1 and to the costliest 
of them silver bells were tied1 which   
sounded1 so that nobody should pass by  
without noticing the flowers4 ,yes1     
everything in the ,emperor's garden was 
admirably arranged4 ,and it extended so 
far that the gardener himself did not   
know where the end was4 ,if a man went  
on and on1 he came into a glorious      

forest with high trees and deep lakes4  
,the wood extended straight down to the 
sea1 which was blue and deep2 great     
ships could sail1 too1 beneath the      
branches of the trees2 and in the trees 
lived a ,nightingale1 which sang so     
splendidly that even the poor fisherman1
 who had many other things to do1       
stopped still and listened1 when he had 
gone out at night to throw out his nets1
 and heard the ,nightingale4  ,how      
beautiful that is6 he said2 but he was  
obliged to attend to his property1 and  
thus forgot the bird4 ,but when the next
 night the bird sang again1 and the     
fisherman heard it1 he exclaimed again1 
,how beautiful that is6  ,from all the  
countries of the world travelers came to
 the city of the ,emperor1 and admired  
it1 and the palace and the garden1 but  
when they heard the ,nightingale1 they  
said1 ,that is the best of all6  ,and   
the travelers told of it when they came 
home2 and the learned men wrote many    
books about the town1 the palace1 and   

the garden4 ,but they did not forget the
 ,nightingale2 that was placed highest  
of all2 and those who were poets wrote  
most magnificent poems about the        
,nightingale in the wood by the deep    
lake4  ,the books went through all the  
world1 and a few of them once came to   
the ,emperor4 ,he sat in his golden     
chair1 and read1 and read3 every moment 
he nodded his head1 for it pleased him  
to peruse the masterly descriptions of  
the city1 the palace1 and the garden4   
,but the ,nightingale is the best of    
all1 it stood written there4  ,what's   
that8 exclaimed the ,emperor4 ,i don't  
know the ,nightingale at all6 ,is there 
such a bird in my empire1 and even in my
 garden8 ,i've never heard of that4 ,to 
think that ,i should have to learn such 
a thing for the first time from books6  
,and hereupon he called his cavalier4   
,this cavalier was so grand that if     
anyone lower in rank than himself dared 
to speak to him1 or to ask him any      
question1 he answered nothing but       

,p6--and that meant nothing4  ,there is 
said to be a wonderful bird here called 
a ,nightingale1 said the ,emperor4 ,they
 say it is the best thing in all my     
great empire4 ,why have ,i never heard  
anything about it8  ,i have never heard 
him named1 replied the cavalier4 ,he has
 never been introduced at ,court4  ,i   
command that he shall appear this       
evening1 and sing before me1 said the   
,emperor4 ,all the world knows what ,i  
possess1 and ,i do not know it myself6  
,i have never heard him mentioned1 said 
the cavalier4 ,i will seek for him4 ,i  
will find him4  ,but where was he to be 
found8 ,the cavalier ran up and down all
 the staircases1 through halls and      
passages1 but no one among all those    
whom he met had heard talk of the       
,nightingale4 ,and the cavalier ran back
 to the ,emperor1 and said that it must 
be a fable invented by the writers of   
books4  ,your ,imperial ,majesty cannot 
believe how much is written that is     
fiction1 besides something that they    

call the black art4  ,but the book in   
which ,i read this1 said the ,emperor1  
was sent to me by the high and mighty   
,emperor of ,japan and therefore it     
cannot be a falsehood4 ,i will hear the 
,nightingale6 ,it must be here this     
evening6 ,it has my imperial favor2 and 
if it does not come1 all the ,court     
shall be trampled upon after the ,court 
has supped6  ,tsing-pe6 said the        
cavalier2 and again he ran up and down  
all the staircases1 and through all the 
halls and corridors2 and half the ,court
 ran with him1 for the courtiers did not
 like being trampled upon4  ,then there 
was a great inquiry after the wonderful 
,nightingale1 which all the world knew  
excepting the people at ,court4  ,at    
last they met with a poor little girl in
 the kitchen1 who said3  ,the           
,nightingale8 ,i know it well2 yes1 it  
can sing gloriously4 ,every evening ,i  
get leave to carry my poor sick mother  
the scraps from the table4 ,she lives   
down by the strand2 and when ,i get back

 and am tired1 and rest in the wood1    
then ,i hear the ,nightingale sing4 ,and
 then the water comes into my eyes1 and 
it is just as if my mother kissed me4   
,little kitchen girl1 said the cavalier1
 ,i will get you a place in the ,court  
kitchen1 with permission to see the     
,emperor dine1 if you will but lead us  
to the ,nightingale1 for it is announced
 for this evening4  ,so they all went   
out into the wood where the ,nightingale
 was accustomed to sing2 half the ,court
 went forth4 ,when they were in the     
midst of their journey a cow began to   
low4  ,oh6 cried the ,court pages1 now  
we have it6 ,that shows a wonderful     
power in so small a creature6 ,i have   
certainly heard it before4  ,no1 those  
are cows lowing1 said the little kitchen
 girl4 ,we are a long way from the place
 yet4  ,now the frogs began to croak in 
the marsh4  ,glorious6 said the ,chinese
 ,court preacher4 ,now ,i hear it--it   
sounds just like little church bells4   
,no1 those are frogs1 said the little   

kitchen maid4 ,but now ,i think we shall
 soon hear it4  ,and then the           
,nightingale began to sing4  ,that is   
it6 exclaimed the little girl4 ,listen1 
listen6 and yonder it sits4  ,and she   
pointed to a little gray bird up in the 
boughs4  ,is it possible8 cried the     
cavalier4 ,i should never have thought  
it looked like that6 ,how simple it     
looks6 ,it must certainly have lost its 
color at seeing such grand people       
around4  ,little ,nightingale6 called   
the little kitchen maid1 quite loudly1  
our gracious ,emperor wishes you to sing
 before him4  ,with the greatest        
pleasure6 replied the ,nightingale1 and 
began to sing most delightfully4  ,it   
sounds just like glass bells6 said the  
cavalier4 ,and look at its little       
throat1 how it's working6 ,it's         
wonderful that we should never have     
heard it before4 ,that bird will be a   
great success at ,court4  ,shall ,i sing
 once more before the ,emperor8 inquired
 the ,nightingale1 for it thought the   

,emperor was present4  ,my excellent    
little ,nightingale1 said the cavalier1 
,i have great pleasure in inviting you  
to a ,court festival this evening1 when 
you shall charm his ,imperial ,majesty  
with your beautiful singing4  ,my song  
sounds best in the green wood1 replied  
the ,nightingale2 still it came         
willingly when it heard what the        
,emperor wished4  ,the palace was       
festively adorned4 ,the walls and the   
flooring1 which were of porcelain1      
gleamed in the rays of thousands of     
golden lamps4 ,the most glorious        
flowers1 which could ring clearly1 had  
been placed in the passages4 ,there was 
a running to and fro1 and a thorough    
draught1 and all the bells rang so      
loudly that one could not hear one's    
self speak4  ,in the midst of the great 
hall1 where the ,emperor sat1 a golden  
perch had been placed1 on which the     
,nightingale was to sit4 ,the whole     
,court was there1 and the little        
cook-maid had got leave to stand behind 

the door1 as she had now received the   
title of a real ,court cook4 ,all were  
in full dress1 and all looked at the    
little gray bird1 to which the ,emperor 
nodded4  ,and the ,nightingale sang so  
gloriously that the tears came into the 
,emperor's eyes1 and the tears ran down 
over his cheeks2 then the ,nightingale  
sang still more sweetly1 that went      
straight to the heart4 ,the ,emperor was
 so much pleased that he said the       
,nightingale should have his golden     
slipper to wear round its neck4 ,but the
 ,nightingale declined this with thanks1
 saying it had already received a       
sufficient reward4  ,i have seen tears  
in the ,emperor's eyes--that is the real
 treasure to me4 ,an ,emperor's tears   
have a peculiar power4 ,i am rewarded   
enough6 ,and then it sang again with a  
sweet1 glorious voice4  ,that's the most
 amiable coquetry ,i ever saw6 said the 
ladies who stood round about1 and then  
they took water in their mouths to      
gurgle when anyone spoke to them4 ,they 

thought they should be nightingales too4
 ,and the lackeys and chambermaids      
reported that they were satisfied also2 
and that was saying a good deal1 for    
they are the most difficult to please4  
,in short1 the ,nightingale achieved a  
real success4  ,it was now to remain at 
,court1 to have its own cage1 with      
liberty to go out twice every day and   
once at night4 ,twelve servants were    
appointed when the ,nightingale went    
out1 each of whom had a silken string   
fastened to the bird's legs1 which they 
held very tight4 ,there was really no   
pleasure in an excursion of that kind4  
,the whole city spoke of the wonderful  
bird1 and whenever two people met1 one  
said nothing but ,nightin1 and the other
 said gale2 and then they both sighed1  
and understood one another4 ,eleven     
pedlars' children were named after the  
bird1 but not one of them could sing a  
note4  ,one day the ,emperor received a 
large parcel1 on which was written1 ,the
 ,nightingale4  ,there we have a new    

book about this celebrated bird1 said   
the ,emperor4  ,but it was not a book1  
but a little work of art1 contained in a
 box--an artificial nightingale1 which  
was to sing like a natural one1 and was 
brilliantly ornamented with diamonds1   
sapphires1 and rubies4 ,so soon as the  
artificial bird was wound up1 he could  
sing one of the pieces that he really   
sang1 and then his tail moved up and    
down1 and shone with silver and gold4   
,round his neck hung a little ribbon1   
and on that was written1 ,the ,emperor  
of ,china's nightingale is poor compared
 to that of the ,emperor of ,japan4     
,that is capital6 said they all1 and he 
who had brought the artificial bird     
immediately received the title1         
,imperial ,head-,nightingale-,bringer4  
,now they must sing together2 what a    
duet that will be6 cried the courtiers4 
,and so they had to sing together2 but  
it did not sound very well1 for the real
 ,nightingale sang its own way1 and the 
artificial bird sang waltzes4  ,that's  

not his fault1 said the playmaster2 he's
 quite perfect1 and very much in my     
style4  ,now the artificial bird was to 
sing alone4 ,it had just as much success
 as the real one1 and then it was much  
handsomer to look at--it shone like     
bracelets and breastpins4  ,three and   
thirty times over did it sing the same  
piece1 and yet was not tired4 ,the      
people would gladly have heard it again1
 but the ,emperor said that the living  
,nightingale ought to sing something    
now4 ,but where was it8 ,no one had     
noticed that it had flown away out of   
the open window1 back to the green wood4
  ,but what has become of that8 asked   
the ,emperor4  ,and all the courtiers   
abused the ,nightingale1 and declared   
that it was a very ungrateful creature4 
,we have the best bird after all1 said  
they4  ,and so the artificial bird had  
to sing again1 and that was the         
thirty-fourth time that they listened to
 the same piece4 ,for all that they did 
not know it quite by heart1 for it was  

so very difficult4 ,and the playmaster  
praised the bird particularly2 yes1 he  
declared that it was better than a      
nightingale1 not only with regard to its
 plumage and the many beautiful         
diamonds1 but inside as well4  ,for you 
see1 ladies and gentlemen1 and above    
all1 your ,imperial ,majesty1 with a    
real nightingale one can never calculate
 what is coming1 but in this artificial 
bird1 everything is settled4 ,one can   
explain it2 one can open it and make    
people understand where the waltzes come
 from1 how they go1 and how one follows 
up another4  ,those are quite our own   
ideas1 they all said4  ,and the speaker 
received permission to show the bird to 
the people on the next ,sunday4 ,the    
people were to hear it sing too1 the    
,emperor commanded3 and they did hear   
it1 and were as much pleased as if they 
had all got tipsy upon tea1 for that's  
quite the ,chinese fashion1 and they all
 said1 ,oh6 and held up their           
forefingers and nodded4 ,but the poor   

fisherman1 who had heard the real       
,nightingale1 said3  ,it sounds pretty  
enough1 and the melodies resemble each  
other1 but there's something wanting1   
though ,i know not what6  ,the real     
,nightingale was banished from the      
country and empire4 ,the artificial bird
 had its place on a silken cushion close
 to the ,emperor's bed2 all the presents
 it had received1 gold and precious     
stones1 were ranged about it2 in title  
it had advanced to be the ,high         
,imperial ,after-,dinner-,singer1 and in
 rank to ,number ,one on the left hand2 
for the ,emperor considered that side   
the most important on which the heart is
 placed1 and even in an ,emperor the    
heart is on the left side2 and the      
playmaster wrote a work of five and     
twenty volumes about the artificial     
bird2 it was very learned and very long1
 full of the most difficult ,chinese    
words2 but yet all the people declared  
that they had read it and understood it1
 for fear of being considered stupid1   

and having their bodies trampled on4    
,so a whole year went by4 ,the ,emperor1
 the ,court1 and all the other ,chinese 
knew every little twitter in the        
artificial bird's song by heart4 ,but   
just for that reason it pleased them    
best--they could sing with it           
themselves1 and they did so4 ,the street
 boys sang1 ,tsi-tsi-tsi-glug-glug6 and 
the ,emperor himself sang it too4 ,yes1 
that was certainly famous4  ,but one    
evening1 when the artificial bird was   
singing its best1 and the ,emperor lay  
in bed listening to it1 something inside
 the bird said1 ,whizz6 ,something      
cracked4 ,whir-r-r6 ,all the wheels ran 
round1 and then the music stopped4  ,the
 ,emperor immediately sprang out of bed1
 and caused his body physician to be    
called2 but what could he do8 ,then they
 sent for a watchmaker1 and after a good
 deal of talking and investigation1 the 
bird was put into something like order1 
but the watchmaker said that the bird   
must be carefully treated1 for the      

barrels were worn1 and it would be      
impossible to put new ones in in such a 
manner that the music would go4 ,there  
was a great lamentation2 only once in   
the year was it permitted to let the    
bird sing1 and that was almost too much4
 ,but then the playmaster made a little 
speech full of heavy words1 and said    
this was just as good as before--and so 
of course it was as good as before4     
,now five years had gone by1 and a real 
grief came upon the whole nation4 ,the  
,chinese were really fond of their      
,emperor1 and now he was ill1 and could 
not1 it was said1 live much longer4     
,already a new ,emperor had been chosen1
 and the people stood out in the street 
and asked the cavalier how the ,emperor 
did4  ,p6 said he1 and shook his head4  
,cold and pale lay the ,emperor in his  
great1 gorgeous bed2 the whole ,court   
thought him dead1 and each one ran to   
pay homage to the new ruler4 ,the       
chamberlains ran out to talk it over1   
and the ladies' maids had a great coffee

 party4 ,all about1 in all the halls and
 passages1 cloth had been laid down so  
that no footstep could be heard1 and    
therefore it was quiet there1 quite     
quiet4 ,but the ,emperor was not dead   
yet2 stiff and pale he lay on the       
gorgeous bed1 with the long velvet      
curtains and the heavy gold tassels2    
high up1 a window stood open1 and the   
moon shone in upon the ,emperor and the 
artificial bird4  ,the poor ,emperor    
could scarcely breathe2 it was just as  
if something lay upon his chest2 he     
opened his eyes1 and then he saw that it
 was ,death who sat upon his chest1 and 
had put on his golden crown1 and held in
 one hand the ,emperor's sword1 in the  
other his beautiful banner4 ,and all    
around1 from among the folds of the     
splendid velvet curtains1 strange heads 
peered forth2 a few very ugly1 the rest 
quite lovely and mild4 ,these were all  
the ,emperor's bad and good deeds1 that 
stood before him now that ,death sat    
upon his heart4  ,do you remember this8 

whispered one to the other4 ,do you     
remember that8 and then they told him so
 much that the perspiration ran from his
 forehead4  ,i did not know that6 said  
the ,emperor4 ,music6 music6 the great  
,chinese drum6 he cried1 so that ,i need
 not hear all they say6  ,and they      
continued speaking1 and ,death nodded   
like a ,chinaman to all they said4      
,music6 music6 cried the ,emperor4 ,you 
little precious golden bird1 sing1 sing6
 ,i have given you gold and costly      
presents2 ,i have even hung my golden   
slipper around your neck--sing now1     
sing6  ,but the bird stood still2 no one
 was there to wind him up1 and he could 
not sing without that2 but ,death       
continued to stare at the ,emperor with 
his great1 hollow eyes1 and it was      
quiet1 fearfully quiet4  ,then there    
sounded from the window1 suddenly1 the  
most lovely song4 ,it was the little    
live ,nightingale1 that sat outside on a
 spray4 ,it had heard of the ,emperor's 
sad plight1 and had come to sing to him 

of comfort and hope4 ,as it sang the    
specters grew paler and paler2 the blood
 ran quicker and more quickly through   
the ,emperor's weak limbs2 and even     
,death listened1 and said3  ,go on1     
little ,nightingale1 go on6  ,but will  
you give me that splendid golden sword8 
,will you give me that rich banner8     
,will you give me the ,emperor's crown8 
,and ,death gave up each of these       
treasures for a song4 ,and the          
,nightingale sang on and on2 and it sang
 of the quiet churchyard where the white
 roses grow1 where the elder blossoms   
smell sweet1 and where the fresh grass  
is moistened by the tears of survivors4 
,then ,death felt a longing to see his  
garden1 and floated out at the window in
 the form of a cold white mist4         
,thanks6 thanks6 said the ,emperor4 ,you
 heavenly little bird2 ,i know you well4
 ,i banished you from my country and    
empire1 and yet you have charmed away   
the evil faces from my couch1 and       
banished ,death from my heart6 ,how can 

,i reward you8  ,you have rewarded me6  
replied the ,nightingale4 ,i have drawn 
tears from your eyes1 when ,i sang the  
first time--,i shall never forget that4 
,those are the jewels that rejoice a    
singer's heart4 ,but now sleep1 and grow
 fresh and strong again4 ,i will sing   
you something4  ,and it sang1 and the   
,emperor fell into a sweet slumber4 ,ah6
 how mild and refreshing that sleep was6
 ,the sun shone upon him through the    
windows when he awoke refreshed and     
restored3 not one of his servants had   
yet returned1 for they all thought he   
was dead2 only the ,nightingale still   
sat beside him and sang4  ,you must     
always stay with me1 said the ,emperor4 
,you shall sing as you please2 and ,i'll
 break the artificial bird into a       
thousand pieces4  ,not so1 replied the  
,nightingale4 ,it did well as long as it
 could2 keep it as you have done till   
now4 ,i cannot build my nest in the     
palace to dwell in it1 but let me come  
when ,i feel the wish2 then ,i will sit 

in the evening on the spray yonder by   
the window1 and sing you something1 so  
that you may be glad and thoughtful at  
once4 ,i will sing of those who are     
happy and of those who suffer4 ,i will  
sing of good and of evil that remains   
hidden round about you4 ,the little     
singing bird flies far around1 to the   
poor fisherman1 to the peasant's roof1  
to everyone who dwells far away from you
 and from your ,court4 ,i love your     
heart more than your crown1 and yet the 
crown has an air of sanctity about it4  
,i will come and sing to you--but one   
thing you must promise me4  ,every      
thing6 said the ,emperor2 and he stood  
there in his imperial robes1 which he   
had put on himself1 and pressed the     
sword which was heavy with gold to his  
heart4  ,one thing ,i beg of you3 tell  
no one that you have a little bird who  
tells you everything4 ,then it will go  
all the better4  ,and the ,nightingale  
flew away4  ,the servants came in to    
look at their dead ,emperor1 and--yes1  

there he stood1 and the ,emperor said1  
,good-morning6    #aie          ,this   
story is a favorite for the ,christmas  
season4 ,it is loosely constructed1 and 
rambles         along for some time     
after it might have been                
expected to finish4 ,such rambling is   
often very         attractive to        
childish listeners1 as it allows        
the introduction of unexpected          
incidents4 ,miss         ,kready has    
some interesting suggestions about      
dramatizing this story in her ,study of 
,fairy         ,tales1 pp4 #aea-aec4    
,the translation is         ,dulcken's4 
,,the ,,fir ,,tree  ,,hans ,,christian  
,,andersen  ,out in the forest stood a  
pretty little ,fir ,tree4 ,it had a good
 place2 it could have sunlight1 air     
there was in plenty1 and all around grew
 many larger comrades--pines as well as 
firs4 ,but the little ,fir ,tree wished 
ardently to become greater4 ,it did not 
care for the warm sun and the fresh air2
 it took no notice of the peasant       

children1 who went about talking        
together1 when they had come out to look
 for strawberries and raspberries4      
,often they came with a whole pot-full1 
or had strung berries on a straw2 then  
they would sit down by the little ,fir  
,tree and say1 ,how pretty and small    
that one is6 and the ,fir ,tree did not 
like to hear that at all4  ,next year he
 had grown a great joint1 and the       
following year he was longer still1 for 
in fir trees one can always tell by the 
number of rings they have how many years
 they have been growing4  ,oh1 if ,i    
were only as great a tree as the other6 
sighed the little ,fir1 then ,i would   
spread my branches far around1 and look 
out from my crown into the wide world4  
,the birds would then build nests in my 
boughs1 and when the wind blew ,i could 
nod just as grandly as the others       
yonder4  ,it took no pleasure in the    
sunshine1 in the birds1 and in the red  
clouds that went sailing over him       
morning and evening4  ,when it was      

winter1 and the snow lay all around1    
white and sparkling1 a hare would often 
come jumping along1 and spring right    
over the little ,fir ,tree4 ,oh6 this   
made him so angry4 ,but two winters went
 by1 and when the third came the little 
,tree had grown so tall that the hare   
was obliged to run round it4  ,oh6 to   
grow1 to grow1 and become old2 that's   
the only fine thing in the world1       
thought the ,tree4  ,in the autumn      
woodcutters always came and felled a few
 of the largest trees2 that was done    
this year too1 and the little ,fir      
,tree1 that was now quite well grown1   
shuddered with fear1 for the great      
stately trees fell to the ground with a 
crash1 and their branches were cut off1 
so that the trees looked quite naked1   
long1 and slender--they could hardly be 
recognized4 ,but then they were laid    
upon wagons1 and horses dragged them    
away out of the wood4 ,where were they  
going8 ,what destiny awaited them8  ,in 
the spring1 when the ,swallows and the  

,stork came1 the ,tree asked them1 ,do  
you know where they were taken8 ,did you
 not meet them8  ,the ,swallows knew    
nothing about it1 but the ,stork looked 
thoughtful1 nodded his head1 and said3  
,yes1 ,i think so4 ,i met many new ships
 when ,i flew out of ,egypt2 on the     
ships were stately masts2 ,i fancy these
 were the trees4 ,they smelt like fir4  
,i can assure you they're stately--very 
stately4  ,oh that ,i were only big     
enough to go over the sea6 ,what kind of
 thing is this sea1 and how does it     
look8  ,it would take too long to       
explain all that1 said the ,stork1 and  
he went away4  ,rejoice in thy youth1   
said the ,sunbeams2 rejoice in thy fresh
 growth1 and in the young life that is  
within thee4  ,and the wind kissed the  
,tree1 and the dew wept tears upon it2  
but the ,fir ,tree did not understand   
that4  ,when ,christmas-time approached1
 quite young trees were felled1         
sometimes trees which were neither so   
old nor so large as this ,fir ,tree1    

that never rested1 but always wanted to 
go away4 ,these young trees1 which were 
always the most beautiful1 kept all     
their branches2 they were put upon      
wagons1 and horses dragged them away out
 of the wood4  ,where are they all      
going8 asked the ,fir ,tree4 ,they are  
not greater than ,i--indeed1 one of them
 was much smaller4 ,why do they keep all
 their branches8 ,whither are they      
taken8  ,we know that6 ,we know that6   
chirped the ,sparrows4 ,yonder in the   
town we looked in at the windows4 ,we   
know where they go4 ,oh6 they are       
dressed up in the greatest pomp and     
splendor that can be imagined4 ,we have 
looked in at the windows1 and have      
perceived that they are planted in the  
middle of a warm room1 and adorned with 
the most beautiful things--gilt apples1 
honey-cakes1 playthings1 and many       
hundred candles4  ,and then8 asked the  
,fir ,tree1 and trembled through all its
 branches4 ,and then8 ,what happens     
then8  ,why1 we have not seen anything  

more4 ,but it was incomparable4         
,perhaps ,i may be destined to tread    
this glorious path one day6 cried the   
,fir ,tree1 rejoicingly4 ,that is even  
better than traveling across the sea4   
,how painfully ,i long for it6 ,if it   
were only ,christmas now6 ,now ,i am    
great and grown up1 like the rest who   
were led away last year4 ,oh1 if ,i were
 only on the carriage6 ,if ,i were only 
in the warm room1 among all the pomp and
 splendor6 ,and then8 ,yes1 then        
something even better will come1        
something far more charming1 or else why
 should they adorn me so8 ,there must be
 something grander1 something greater   
still to come2 but what8 ,oh6 ,i'm      
suffering1 ,i'm longing6 ,i don't know  
myself what is the matter with me6      
,rejoice in us1 said ,air and ,sunshine4
 ,rejoice in thy fresh youth here in the
 woodland4  ,but the ,fir ,tree did not 
rejoice at all1 but it grew and grew2   
winter and summer it stood there1 green1
 dark green4 ,the people who saw it     

said1 ,that's a handsome tree6 and at   
,christmas time it was felled before any
 one of the others4 ,the ax cut deep    
into its marrow1 and the tree fell to   
the ground with a sigh2 it felt a pain1 
a sensation of faintness1 and could not 
think at all of happiness1 for it was   
sad at parting from its home1 from the  
place where it had grown up2 it knew    
that it should never again see the dear 
old companions1 the little bushes and   
flowers all around--perhaps not even the
 birds4 ,the parting was not at all     
agreeable4  ,the ,tree only came to     
itself when it was unloaded in a yard1  
with other trees1 and heard a man say3  
,this one is famous2 we want only this  
one6  ,now two servants came in gay     
liveries1 and carried the ,fir ,tree    
into a large1 beautiful saloon4 ,all    
around the walls hung pictures1 and by  
the great stove stood large ,chinese    
vases with lions on the covers2 there   
were rocking-chairs1 silken sofas1 great
 tables covered with picture books1 and 

toys worth a hundred times a hundred    
dollars1 at least the children said so4 
,and the ,fir ,tree was put into a great
 tub filled with sand2 but no one could 
see that it was a tub1 for it was hung  
round with green cloth1 and stood on a  
large1 many-colored carpet4 ,oh1 how the
 ,tree trembled6 ,what was to happen    
now8 ,the servants1 and the young ladies
 also1 decked it out4 ,on one branch    
they hung little nets1 cut out of       
colored paper2 every net was filled with
 sweetmeats2 golden apples and walnuts  
hung down1 as if they grew there1 and   
more than a hundred little candles1 red1
 white1 and blue1 were fastened to the  
different boughs4 ,dolls that looked    
exactly like real people--the tree had  
never seen such before--swung among the 
foliage1 and high on the summit of the  
,tree was fixed a tinsel star4 ,it was  
splendid1 particularly splendid4  ,this 
evening1 said all1 this evening it will 
shine4  ,oh1 thought the ,tree1 that it 
were evening already6 ,oh1 that the     

lights may be soon lit up6 ,when may    
that be done8 ,i wonder if trees will   
come out of the forest to look at me8   
,will the sparrows fly against the      
panes8 ,shall ,i grow fast here1 and    
stand adorned in summer and winter8     
,yes1 he did not guess badly4 ,but he   
had a complete backache from mere       
longing1 and the backache is just as bad
 for a ,tree as the headache for a      
person4  ,at last the candles were      
lighted4 ,what a brilliance1 what       
splendor6 ,the ,tree trembled so in all 
its branches that one of the candles set
 fire to a green twig1 and it was       
scorched4  ,heaven preserve us6 cried   
the young ladies2 and they hastily put  
the fire out4  ,now the ,tree might not 
even tremble4 ,oh1 that was terrible6   
,it was so afraid of setting fire to    
some of its ornaments1 and it was quite 
bewildered with all the brilliance4 ,and
 now the folding doors were thrown open1
 and a number of children rushed in as  
if they would have overturned the whole 

,tree2 the older people followed more   
deliberately4 ,the little ones stood    
quite silent1 but only for a minute2    
then they shouted till the room rang3   
they danced gleefully round the ,tree1  
and one present after another was       
plucked from it4  ,what are they about8 
thought the ,tree4 ,what's going to be  
done8  ,and the candles burned down to  
the twigs1 and as they burned down they 
were extinguished1 and then the children
 received permission to plunder the     
,tree4 ,oh6 they rushed in upon it1 so  
that every branch cracked again3 if it  
had not been fastened by the top and by 
the golden star to the ceiling1 it would
 have fallen down4  ,the children danced
 about with their pretty toys4 ,no one  
looked at the ,tree except one old man1 
who came up and peeped among the        
branches1 but only to see if a fig or an
 apple had not been forgotten4  ,a      
story6 ,a story6 shouted the children2  
and they drew a little fat man toward   
the tree2 and he sat down just beneath  

it--for then we shall be in the green   
wood1 said he1 and the tree may have the
 advantage of listening to my tale4 ,but
 ,i can only tell one4 ,will you hear   
the story of ,ivede-,avede1 or of       
,klumpey-,dumpey1 who fell downstairs1  
and still was raised up to honor and    
married the ,princess8  ,ivede-,avede6  
cried some1 ,klumpey-,dumpey6 cried     
others1 and there was a great crying and
 shouting4 ,only the ,fir ,tree was     
quite silent1 and thought1 ,shall ,i not
 be in it8 ,shall ,i have nothing to do 
in it8 ,but he had been in the evening's
 amusement1 and had done what was       
required of him4  ,and the fat man told 
about ,klumpey-,dumpey who fell         
downstairs1 and yet was raised to honor 
and married the ,princess4 ,and the     
children clapped their hands1 and cried1
 ,tell another6 tell another6 for they  
wanted to hear about ,ivede-,avede2 but 
they only got the story of              
,klumpey-,dumpey4 ,the ,fir ,tree stood 
quite silent and thoughtful2 never had  

the birds in the wood told such a story 
as that4 ,klumpey-,dumpey fell          
downstairs1 and yet came to honor and   
married the ,princess6  ,yes1 so it     
happens in the world6 thought the ,fir  
,tree1 and believed it must be true1    
because that was such a nice man who    
told it4 ,well1 who can know8 ,perhaps  
,i shall fall downstairs1 too1 and marry
 a ,princess6 ,and it looked forward    
with pleasure to being adorned again1   
the next evening1 with candles and toys1
 gold and fruit4 ,to-morrow ,i shall not
 tremble1 it thought4  ,i will rejoice  
in all my splendor4 ,to-morrow ,i shall 
hear the story of ,klumpey-,dumpey      
again1 and perhaps that of              
,ivede-,avede1 too4  ,and the ,tree     
stood all night quiet and thoughtful4   
,in the morning the servants and the    
chambermaid came in4  ,now my splendor  
will begin afresh1 thought the ,tree4   
,but they dragged him out of the room1  
and upstairs to the garret1 and here    
they put him in a dark corner where no  

daylight shone4  ,what's the meaning of 
this8 thought the ,tree4 ,what am ,i to 
do here8 ,what is to happen8  ,and he   
leaned against the wall1 and thought1   
and thought4 ,and he had time enough1   
for days and nights went by1 and nobody 
came up2 and when at length someone     
came1 it was only to put some great     
boxes in a corner4 ,now the ,tree stood 
quite hidden away1 and the supposition  
is that it was quite forgotten4  ,now   
it's winter outside1 thought the ,tree4 
,the earth is hard and covered with     
snow1 and people cannot plant me2       
therefore ,i suppose ,i'm to be         
sheltered here until spring comes4 ,how 
considerate that is6 ,how good people   
are6 ,if it were only not so dark here1 
and so terribly solitary6--not even a   
little hare8 ,that was pretty out there 
in the wood1 when the snow lay thick and
 the hare sprang past2 yes1 even when he
 jumped over me2 but then ,i did not    
like it4 ,it is terribly lonely up here6
  ,piep6 piep6 said a little ,mouse1 and

 crept forward1 and then came another   
little one4 ,they smelt at the ,fir     
,tree1 and then slipped among the       
branches4  ,it's horribly cold1 said the
 two little ,mice1 or else it would be  
comfortable here4 ,don't you think so1  
you old ,fir ,tree8  ,i'm not old at    
all1 said the ,fir ,tree4 ,there are    
many much older than ,i4  ,where do you 
come from8 asked the ,mice4 ,and what do
 you know8 ,they were dreadfully        
inquisitive4 ,tell us about the most    
beautiful spot on earth4 ,have you been 
there8 ,have you been in the store room1
 where cheeses lie on the shelves1 and  
hams hang from the ceiling1 where one   
dances on tallow candles1 and goes in   
thin and comes out fat8  ,i don't know  
that1 replied the ,tree2 but ,i know the
 wood1 where the sun shines and the     
birds sing4  ,and then it told all about
 its youth4  ,and the little ,mice had  
never heard anything of the kind2 and   
they listened and said3  ,what a number 
of things you have seen6 ,how happy you 

must have been6  ,i8 replied the ,fir   
,tree2 and it thought about what it had 
told4 ,yes1 those were really quite     
happy times4 ,but then he told of the   
,christmas ,eve1 when he had been hung  
with sweetmeats and candles4  ,oh6 said 
the little ,mice1 how happy you have    
been1 you old ,fir ,tree6  ,i'm not old 
at all1 said the ,tree4 ,i only came out
 of the wood this winter4 ,i'm only     
rather backward in my growth4  ,what    
splendid stories you can tell6 said the 
little ,mice4  ,and next night they came
 with four other little ,mice1 to hear  
what the ,tree had to relate2 and the   
more it said1 the more clearly did it   
remember everything1 and thought1 ,those
 were quite merry days6 ,but they may   
come again4 ,klumpey-,dumpey fell       
downstairs1 and yet he married the      
,princess4 ,perhaps ,i may marry a      
,princess too6 ,and the ,fir ,tree      
thought of a pretty little ,birch ,tree 
that grew out in the forest2 for the    
,fir ,tree1 that ,birch was a real      

,princess4  ,who's ,klumpey-,dumpey8    
asked the little ,mice4  ,and then the  
,fir ,tree told the whole story4 ,it    
could remember every single word2 and   
the little ,mice were ready to leap to  
the very top of the tree with pleasure4 
,next night a great many more ,mice     
came1 and on ,sunday two ,rats even     
appeared2 but these thought the story   
was not pretty1 and the little ,mice    
were sorry for that1 for now they also  
did not like it so much as before4  ,do 
you only know one story8 asked the      
,rats4  ,only that one1 replied the     
,tree4 ,i heard that on the happiest    
evening of my life2 ,i did not think    
then how happy ,i was4  ,that's a very  
miserable story4 ,don't you know any    
about bacon and tallow candles--a       
store-room story8  ,no1 said the ,tree4 
,then we'd rather not hear you1 said the
 ,rats4  ,and they went back to their   
own people4 ,the little ,mice at last   
stayed away also2 and then the ,tree    
sighed and said3  ,it was very nice when

 they sat round me1 the merry little    
,mice1 and listened when ,i spoke to    
them4 ,now that's past too4 ,but ,i     
shall remember to be pleased when they  
take me out4  ,but when did that happen8
 ,why1 it was one morning that people   
came and rummaged in the garret3 the    
boxes were put away1 and the ,tree      
brought out2 they certainly threw him   
rather roughly on the floor1 but a      
servant dragged him away at once to the 
stairs1 where the daylight shone4  ,now 
life is beginning again6 thought the    
,tree4  ,it felt the fresh air and the  
first sunbeams1 and now it was out in   
the courtyard4 ,everything passed so    
quickly that the ,tree quite forgot to  
look at itself1 there was so much to    
look at all round4 ,the courtyard was   
close to a garden1 and here everything  
was blooming2 the roses hung fresh and  
fragrant over the little paling1 the    
linden trees were in blossom1 and the   
swallows cried1 ,quinze-wit6 quinze-wit6
 my husband's come6 ,but it was not the 

,fir ,tree that they meant4  ,now ,i    
shall live6 said the ,tree1 rejoicingly1
 and spread its branches far out2 but1  
alas6 they were all withered and yellow2
 and it lay in the corner among nettles 
and weeds4 ,the tinsel star was still   
upon it1 and shone in the bright        
sunshine4  ,in the courtyard a couple of
 the merry children were playing who had
 danced round the tree at ,christmas    
time1 and had rejoiced over it4 ,one of 
the youngest ran up and tore off the    
golden star4  ,look what is sticking to 
the ugly old fir tree6 said the child1  
and he trod upon the branches till they 
cracked again under his boots4  ,and the
 ,tree looked at all the blooming       
flowers and the splendor of the garden1 
and then looked at itself1 and wished it
 had remained in the dark corner of the 
garret2 it thought of its fresh youth in
 the wood1 of the merry ,christmas ,eve1
 and of the little ,mice which had      
listened so pleasantly to the story of  
,klumpey-,dumpey4  ,past6 past6 said the

 old ,tree4 ,had ,i but rejoiced when ,i
 could have done so6 ,past6 past6  ,and 
the servant came and chopped the ,tree  
into little pieces2 a whole bundle lay  
there2 it blazed brightly under the     
great brewing copper1 and it sighed     
deeply1 and each sigh was like a little 
shot2 and the children who were at play 
there ran up and seated themselves at   
the fire1 looked into it1 and cried     
,puff6 puff6 ,but at each explosion1    
which was a deep sigh1 the ,tree thought
 of a summer day in the woods1 or of a  
winter night there1 when the stars      
beamed2 he thought of ,christmas ,eve   
and of ,klumpey-,dumpey1 the only story 
he had ever heard or knew how to tell2  
and then the ,tree was burned4  ,the    
boys played in the garden1 and the      
youngest had on his breast a golden     
star1 which the ,tree had worn on its   
happiest evening4 ,now that was past1   
and the ,tree's life was past1 and the  
story is past too3 past6 past6--and     
that's the way with all stories4    #aif

          ,the tale that follows was one
 of the author's         earliest       
stories1 published in #ahce4 ,it is     
clearly based upon an old folk tale1 one
         variant of which is ,the ,blue 
,light from the         ,grimm          
collection 7,no4 #agd74 ,it was a lucky 
stroke1 says ,brandes1 that made        
,andersen the         poet of children4 
,after long fumbling1 after             
unsuccessful efforts1 which must        
necessarily         throw a false and   
ironic light on the                     
self-consciousness of a poet whose pride
 based         its justification mainly 
on the expectancy of a         future   
which he felt slumbering within his     
soul1 after wandering about for long    
years1         ,andersen 4 4 4 one      
evening found himself in front          
of a little insignificant yet mysterious
 door1         the door of the nursery  
story4 ,he touched it1         it       
yielded1 and he saw1 burning in the     
obscurity within1 the little            

',tinder-,box' that         became his  
,aladdin's lamp4 ,he struck fire with   
it1 and the spirits of the lamp--the    
dogs with         eyes as large as      
tea-cups1 as mill-wheels1 as         the
 round tower in ,copenhagen--stood      
before him         and brought him the  
three giant chests1         containing  
all the copper1 silver1 and gold        
treasure stories of the nursery story4  
,the         first story had sprung into
 existence1 and the                     
',tinder-,box' drew all the others      
onward in its         train4 ,happy is  
he who has found his                    
'tinder-box4' ,the translation is by ,h4
 ,w4         ,dulcken4  ,,the           
,,tinder-,,box  ,,hans ,,christian      
,,andersen  ,there came a soldier       
marching along the high road--one1 two6 
one1 two6 ,he had his knapsack on his   
back and a saber by his side1 for he had
 been in the wars1 and now he wanted to 
go home4 ,and on the way he met with an 
old witch2 she was very hideous1 and her

 under lip hung down upon her breast4   
,she said1 ,good evening1 soldier4 ,what
 a fine sword you have1 and what a big  
knapsack6 ,you're a proper soldier6 ,now
 you shall have as much money as you    
like to have4  ,i thank you1 you old    
witch6 said the soldier4  ,do you see   
that great tree8 quoth the witch2 and   
she pointed to a tree which stood beside
 them4 ,it's quite hollow inside4 ,you  
must climb to the top1 and then you'll  
see a hole1 through which you can let   
yourself down and get deep into the     
tree4 ,i'll tie a rope round your body1 
so that ,i can pull you up again when   
you call me4  ,what am ,i to do down in 
the tree8 asked the soldier4  ,get      
money1 replied the witch4 ,listen to me4
 ,when you come down to the earth under 
the tree1 you will find yourself in a   
great hall3 it is quite light1 for above
 three hundred lamps are burning there4 
,then you will see three doors2 those   
you can open1 for the keys are hanging  
there4 ,if you go into the first        

chamber1 you'll see a great chest in the
 middle of the floor2 on this chest sits
 a dog1 and he's got a pair of eyes as  
big as two tea-cups4 ,but you need not  
care for that4 ,i'll give you my        
blue-checked apron1 and you can spread  
it out upon the floor2 then go up       
quickly and take the dog1 and set him on
 my apron2 then open the chest1 and take
 as many shillings as you like4 ,they   
are of copper3 if you prefer silver1 you
 must go into the second chamber4 ,but  
there sits a dog with a pair of eyes as 
big as mill-wheels4 ,but do not you care
 for that4 ,set him upon my apron1 and  
take some of the money4 ,and if you want
 gold1 you can have that too--in fact1  
as much as you can carry--if you go into
 the third chamber4 ,but the dog that   
sits on the money-chest there has two   
eyes as big as round towers4 ,he is a   
fierce dog1 you may be sure2 but you    
needn't be afraid1 for all that4 ,only  
set him on my apron1 and he won't hurt  
you2 and take out of the chest as much  

gold as you like4  ,that's not so bad1  
said the soldier4 ,but what am ,i to    
give you1 old witch8 for you will not do
 it for nothing1 ,i fancy4  ,no1 replied
 the witch1 not a single shilling will  
,i have4 ,you shall only bring me an old
 tinder-box which my grandmother forgot 
when she was down there last4  ,then tie
 the rope round my body1 cried the      
soldier4  ,here it is1 said the witch1  
and here's my blue-checked apron4  ,then
 the soldier climbed up into the tree1  
let himself slip down into the hole1 and
 stood1 as the witch had said1 in the   
great hall where the three hundred lamps
 were burning4  ,now he opened the first
 door4 ,ugh6 there sat the dog with eyes
 as big as tea-cups1 staring at him4    
,you're a nice fellow6 exclaimed the    
soldier2 and he set him on the witch's  
apron1 and took as many copper shillings
 as his pockets would hold1 and then    
locked the chest1 set the dog on it     
again1 and went into the second chamber4
 ,aha6 there sat the dog with eyes as   

big as mill-wheels4  ,you should not    
stare so hard at me1 said the soldier2  
you might strain your eyes4 ,and he set 
the dog upon the witch's apron4 ,and    
when he saw the silver money in the     
chest1 he threw away all the copper     
money he had1 and filled his pocket and 
his knapsack with silver only4 ,then he 
went into the third chamber4 ,oh1 but   
that was horrid6 ,the dog there really  
had eyes as big as towers1 and they     
turned round and round in his head like 
wheels4  ,good evening6 said the        
soldier2 and he touched his cap1 for he 
had never seen such a dog as that       
before4 ,when he had looked at him a    
little more closely1 he thought1 ,that  
will do1 and lifted him down to the     
floor1 and opened the chest4 ,mercy6    
what a quantity of gold was there6 ,he  
could buy with it the whole town1 and   
the sugar sucking-pigs of the cake      
woman1 and all the tin soldiers1 whips1 
and rocking-horses in the whole world4  
,yes1 that was a quantity of money6 ,now

 the soldier threw away all the silver  
coin with which he had filled his       
pockets and his knapsack1 and took gold 
instead3 yes1 all his pockets1 his      
knapsack1 his boots1 and his cap were   
filled1 so that he could scarcely walk4 
,now indeed he had plenty of money4 ,he 
put the dog on the chest1 shut the door1
 and then called up through the tree1   
,now pull me up1 you old witch4  ,have  
you the tinder-box8 asked the witch4    
,plague on it6 exclaimed the soldier1 ,i
 had clean forgotten that4 ,and he went 
and brought it4  ,the witch drew him up1
 and he stood on the high road again1   
with pockets1 boots1 knapsack1 and cap  
full of gold4  ,what are you going to do
 with the tinder-box8 asked the soldier4
  ,that's nothing to you1 retorted the  
witch4 ,you've had your money--just give
 me the tinder-box4  ,nonsense6 said the
 soldier4 ,tell me directly what you're 
going to do with it1 or ,i'll draw my   
sword and cut off your head4  ,no6 cried
 the witch4  ,so the soldier cut off her

 head4 ,there she lay6 ,but he tied up  
all his money in her apron1 took it on  
his back like a bundle1 put the         
tinder-box in his pocket1 and went      
straight off toward the town4  ,that was
 a splendid town6 ,and he put up at the 
very best inn and asked for the finest  
rooms1 and ordered his favorite dishes1 
for now he was rich1 as he had so much  
money4 ,the servant who had to clean his
 boots certainly thought them a         
remarkably old pair for such a rich     
gentleman2 but he had not bought any new
 ones yet4 ,the next day he procured    
proper boots and handsome clothes4 ,now 
our soldier had become a fine gentleman2
 and the people told him of all the     
splendid things which were in their     
city1 and about the ,king1 and what a   
pretty ,princess the ,king's daughter   
was4  ,where can one get to see her8    
asked the soldier4  ,she is not to be   
seen at all1 said they1 all together2   
she lives in a great copper castle1 with
 a great many walls and towers round    

about it2 no one but the ,king may go in
 and out there1 for it has been         
prophesied that she shall marry a common
 soldier1 and the ,king can't bear that4
  ,i should like to see her1 thought the
 soldier2 but he could not get leave to 
do so4 ,now he lived merrily1 went to   
the theater1 drove in the ,king's       
garden1 and gave much money to the poor2
 and this was very kind of him1 for he  
knew from old times how hard it is when 
one has not a shilling4 ,now he was     
rich1 had fine clothes1 and gained many 
friends1 who all said he was a rare one1
 a true cavalier2 and that pleased the  
soldier well4 ,but as he spent money    
every day and never earned any1 he had  
at last only two shillings left2 and he 
was obliged to turn out of the fine     
rooms in which he had dwelt1 and had to 
live in a little garret under the roof1 
and clean his boots for himself1 and    
mend them with a darning-needle4 ,none  
of his friends came to see him1 for     
there were too many stairs to climb4    

,it was quite dark one evening1 and he  
could not even buy himself a candle1    
when it occurred to him that there was a
 candle-end in the tinder-box which he  
had taken out of the hollow tree into   
which the witch had helped him4 ,he     
brought out the tinder-box and the      
candle-end2 but as soon as he struck    
fire and the sparks rose up from the    
flint1 the door flew open1 and the dog  
who had eyes as big as a couple of      
tea-cups1 and whom he had seen in the   
tree1 stood before him1 and said3  ,what
 are my lord's commands8  ,what is this8
 said the soldier4 ,that's a famous     
tinder-box1 if ,i can get everything    
with it that ,i want6 ,bring me some    
money1 said he to the dog3 and whisk6   
the dog was gone1 and whisk6 he was back
 again1 with a great bag full of        
shillings in his mouth4  ,now the       
soldier knew what a capital tinder-box  
this was4 ,if he struck it once1 the dog
 came who sat upon the chest of copper  
money2 if he struck it twice1 the dog   

came who had the silver2 and if he      
struck it three times1 then appeared the
 dog who had the gold4 ,now the soldier 
moved back into the fine rooms1 and     
appeared again in handsome clothes2 and 
all his friends knew him again1 and     
cared very much for him indeed4  ,once  
he thought to himself1 ,it is a very    
strange thing that one cannot get to see
 the ,princess4 ,they all say she is    
very beautiful2 but what is the use of  
that1 if she has always to sit in the   
great copper castle with the many       
towers8 ,can ,i not get to see her at   
all8 ,where is my tinder-box8 ,and so he
 struck a light1 and whisk6 came the dog
 with eyes as big as tea-cups4  ,it is  
midnight1 certainly1 said the soldier1  
but ,i should very much like to see the 
,princess1 only for one little moment4  
,and the dog was outside the door       
directly1 and1 before the soldier       
thought it1 came back with the          
,princess4 ,she sat upon the dog's back 
and slept2 and everyone could see she   

was a real ,princess1 for she was so    
lovely4 ,the soldier could not refrain  
from kissing her1 for he was a thorough 
soldier4 ,then the dog ran back again   
with the ,princess4 ,but when morning   
came1 and the ,king and ,queen were     
drinking tea1 the ,princess said she had
 had a strange dream1 the night before1 
about a dog and a soldier--that she had 
ridden upon the dog1 and the soldier had
 kissed her4  ,that would be a fine     
history6 said the ,queen4  ,so one of   
the old ,court ladies had to watch the  
next night by the ,princess's bed1 to   
see if this was really a dream1 or what 
it might be4  ,the soldier had a great  
longing to see the lovely ,princess     
again2 so the dog came in the night1    
took her away1 and ran as fast as he    
could4 ,but the old lady put on         
water-boots1 and ran just as fast after 
him4 ,when she saw that they both       
entered a great house1 she thought1 ,now
 ,i know where it is2 and with a bit of 
chalk she drew a great cross on the     

door4 ,then she went home and lay down1 
and the dog came up with the ,princess2 
but when he saw that there was a cross  
drawn on the door where the soldier     
lived1 he took a piece of chalk too1 and
 drew crosses on all the doors in the   
town4 ,and that was cleverly done1 for  
now the lady could not find the right   
door1 because all the doors had crosses 
upon them4  ,in the morning early came  
the ,king and the ,queen1 the old ,court
 lady and all the officers1 to see where
 it was the ,princess had been4 ,here it
 is6 said the ,king1 when he saw the    
first door with a cross upon it4 ,no1 my
 dear husband1 it is there6 said the    
,queen1 who descried another door which 
also showed a cross4 ,but there is one1 
and there is one6 said all1 for wherever
 they looked there were crosses on the  
doors4 ,so they saw that it would avail 
them nothing if they searched on4  ,but 
the ,queen was an exceedingly clever    
woman1 who could do more than ride in a 
coach4 ,she took her great gold         

scissors1 cut a piece of silk into      
pieces1 and made a neat little bag3 this
 bag she filled with fine wheat flour1  
and tied it on the ,princess's back2 and
 when that was done1 she cut a little   
hole in the bag1 so that the flour would
 be scattered along all the way which   
the ,princess should take4  ,in the     
night the dog came again1 took the      
,princess on his back1 and ran with her 
to the soldier1 who loved her very much1
 and would gladly have been a prince1 so
 that he might have her for his wife4   
,the dog did not notice at all how the  
flour ran out in a stream from the      
castle to the windows of the soldier's  
house1 where he ran up the wall with the
 ,princess4 ,in the morning the ,king   
and ,queen saw well enough where their  
daughter had been1 and they took the    
soldier and put him in prison4  ,there  
he sat4 ,oh1 but it was dark and        
disagreeable there6 ,and they said to   
him1 ,to-morrow you shall be hanged4    
,that was not amusing to hear1 and he   

had left his tinder-box at the inn4 ,in 
the morning he could see1 through the   
iron grating of the little window1 how  
the people were hurrying out of the town
 to see him hanged4 ,he heard the drums 
beat and saw the soldiers marching4 ,all
 the people were running out1 and among 
them was a shoemaker's boy with leather 
apron and slippers1 and he galloped so  
fast that one of his slippers flew off1 
and came right against the wall where   
the soldier sat looking through the iron
 grating4  ,halloo1 you shoemaker's boy6
 you needn't be in such a hurry1 cried  
the soldier to him3 it will not begin   
till ,i come4 ,but if you will run to   
where ,i lived1 and bring me my         
tinder-box1 you shall have four         
shillings2 but you must put your best   
leg foremost4  ,the shoemaker's boy     
wanted to get the four shillings1 so he 
went and brought the tinder-box1        
and--well1 we shall hear now what       
happened4  ,outside the town a great    
gallows had been built1 and around it   

stood the soldiers and many hundred     
thousand people4 ,the ,king and ,queen  
sat on a splendid throne1 opposite to   
the ,judges and the whole ,council4 ,the
 soldier already stood upon the ladder2 
but as they were about to put the rope  
round his neck1 he said that before a   
poor criminal suffered his punishment an
 innocent request was always granted to 
him4 ,he wanted very much to smoke a    
pipe of tobacco1 as it would be the last
 pipe he should smoke in this world4    
,the ,king would not say ,no to this2 so
 the soldier took his tinder-box and    
struck fire4 ,one--two--three--6 and    
there suddenly stood all the dogs--the  
one with eyes as big as tea-cups1 the   
one with eyes as large as mill-wheels1  
and the one whose eyes were as big as   
round towers4  ,help me now1 so that ,i 
may not be hanged1 said the soldier4    
,and the dogs fell upon the ,judge and  
all the ,council1 seized one by the leg 
and another by the nose1 and tossed them
 all many feet into the air1 so that    

they fell down and were all broken to   
pieces4  ,i won't6 cried the ,king2 but 
the biggest dog took him and the ,queen 
and threw them after the others4 ,then  
the soldiers were afraid1 and the people
 cried1 ,little soldier1 you shall be   
our ,king1 and marry the beautiful      
,princess6  ,so they put the soldier    
into the ,king's coach1 and all the     
three dogs darted on in front and cried 
,hurrah6 and the boys whistled through  
their fingers1 and the soldiers         
presented arms4 ,the ,princess came out 
of the copper castle1 and became ,queen1
 and she liked that well enough4 ,the   
wedding lasted a week1 and the three    
dogs sat at the table too1 and opened   
their eyes wider than ever at all they  
saw4    #aig          ,the following is 
one of ,andersen's early                
stories1 published in #ahch4 ,it has    
always been         a great favorite4   
,whimsically odd couples1 in            
this case so constant in their devotion 
to each         other1 seemed to appeal 

to ,andersen4 ,the         romance of   
the ,whip ,top and the ,ball in the     
little story ,the ,lovers deals with    
another         odd couple4 ,constant or
 steadfast are terms         sometimes  
used in the different versions          
instead of hardy1 and1 if they seem     
better to         carry the meaning     
intended1 teachers should         feel  
free to substitute one of them in       
telling         or reading the story4   
,the translation is by ,h4         ,w4  
,dulcken4   ,,the ,,hardy ,,tin         
,,soldier  ,,hans ,,christian ,,andersen
  ,there were once five-and-twenty tin  
soldiers2 they were all brothers1 for   
they had all been born of one old tin   
spoon4 ,they shouldered their muskets1  
and looked straight before them2 their  
uniform was red and blue1 and very      
splendid4 ,the first thing they had     
heard in the world1 when the lid was    
taken off their box1 had been the words1
 ,tin soldiers6 ,these words were       
uttered by a little boy1 clapping his   

hands3 the soldiers had been given to   
him1 for it was his birthday2 and now he
 put them upon the table4 ,each soldier 
was exactly like the rest2 but one of   
them had been cast last of all1 and     
there had not been enough tin to finish 
him2 but he stood as firmly upon his one
 leg as the others on their two2 and it 
was just this ,soldier who became       
remarkable4  ,on the table on which they
 had been placed stood many other       
playthings1 but the toy that attracted  
most attention was a neat castle of     
cardboard4 ,through the little windows  
one could see straight into the hall4   
,before the castle some little trees    
were placed round a little              
looking-glass1 which was to represent a 
clear lake4 ,waxen swans swam on this   
lake1 and were mirrored in it4 ,this was
 all very pretty2 but the prettiest of  
all was a little lady1 who stood at the 
open door of the castle2 she was also   
cut out in paper1 but she had a dress of
 the clearest gauze1 and a little narrow

 blue ribbon over her shoulders1 that   
looked like a scarf2 and in the middle  
of this ribbon was a shining tinsel rose
 as big as her whole face4 ,the little  
lady stretched out both her arms1 for   
she was a dancer2 and then she lifted   
one leg so high that the ,tin ,soldier  
could not see it at all1 and thought    
that1 like himself1 she had but one leg4
  ,that would be the wife for me1       
thought he2 but she is very grand4 ,she 
lives in a castle1 and ,i have only a   
box1 and there are five-and-twenty of us
 in that4 ,it is no place for her4 ,but 
,i must try to make acquaintance with   
her4  ,and then he lay down at full     
length behind a snuff-box which was on  
the table2 there he could easily watch  
the little dainty lady1 who continued to
 stand upon one leg without losing her  
balance4  ,when the evening came all the
 other tin soldiers were put into their 
box1 and the people in the house went to
 bed4 ,now the toys began to play at    
visiting1 and at war1 and giving balls4 

,the tin soldiers rattled in their box1 
for they wanted to join1 but could not  
lift the lid4 ,the nutcracker threw     
somersaults1 and the pencil amused      
itself on the table2 there was so much  
noise that the canary woke up1 and began
 to speak too1 and even in verse4 ,the  
only two who did not stir from their    
places were the ,tin ,soldier and the   
,dancing ,lady3 she stood straight up on
 the point of one of her toes1 and      
stretched out both her arms2 and he was 
just as enduring on his one leg2 and he 
never turned his eyes away from her4    
,now the clock struck twelve--and1      
bounce6 the lid flew off the snuff-box2 
but there was no snuff in it1 but a     
little black ,goblin3 you see1 it was a 
trick4  ,tin ,soldier6 said the ,goblin1
 don't stare at things that don't       
concern you4  ,but the ,tin ,soldier    
pretended not to hear him4  ,just you   
wait till to-morrow6 said the ,goblin4  
,but when the morning came1 and the     
children got up1 the ,tin ,soldier was  

placed in the window2 and whether it was
 the ,goblin or the draught that did it1
 all at once the window flew open1 and  
the ,soldier fell head over heels out of
 the third story4 ,that was a terrible  
passage6 ,he put his leg straight up1   
and stuck with helmet downward and his  
bayonet between the paving-stones4  ,the
 servant-maid and the little boy came   
down directly to look for him1 but      
though they almost trod upon him1 they  
could not see him4 ,if the ,soldier had 
cried out ,here ,i am6 they would have  
found him2 but he did not think it      
fitting to call out loudly1 because he  
was in uniform4  ,now it began to rain2 
the drops soon fell thicker1 and at last
 it came down into a complete stream4   
,when the rain was past1 two street boys
 came by4  ,just look6 said one of them1
 there lies a ,tin ,soldier4 ,he must   
come out and ride in the boat4  ,and    
they made a boat out of a newspaper1 and
 put the ,tin ,soldier in the middle of 
it1 and so he sailed down the gutter1   

and the two boys ran beside him and     
clapped their hands4 ,goodness preserve 
us6 how the waves rose in that gutter1  
and how fast the stream ran6 ,but then  
it had been a heavy rain4 ,the paper    
boat rocked up and down1 and sometimes  
turned round so rapidly that the ,tin   
,soldier trembled2 but he remained firm1
 and never changed countenance1 and     
looked straight before him1 and         
shouldered his musket4  ,all at once the
 boat went into a long drain1 and it    
became as dark as if he had been in his 
box4  ,where am ,i going now8 he        
thought4 ,yes1 yes1 that's the ,goblin's
 fault4 ,ah6 if the little lady only sat
 here with me in the boat1 it might be  
twice as dark for what ,i should care4  
,suddenly there came a great ,water     
,rat1 which lived under the drain4      
,have you a passport8 said the ,rat4    
,give me your passport4  ,but the ,tin  
,soldier kept silence1 and held his     
musket tighter than ever4  ,the boat    
went on1 but the ,rat came after it4    

,hu6 how he gnashed his teeth1 and      
called out to the bits of straw and     
wood3  ,hold him6 hold him6 ,he hasn't  
paid toll--he hasn't shown his passport6
  ,but the stream became stronger and   
stronger4 ,the ,tin ,soldier could see  
the bright daylight where the arch      
ended2 but he heard a roaring noise     
which might well frighten a bolder man4 
,only think--just where the tunnel      
ended1 the drain ran into a great canal2
 and for him that would have been as    
dangerous as for us to be carried down a
 great waterfall4  ,now he was already  
so near it that he could not stop4 ,the 
boat was carried out1 the poor ,tin     
,soldier stiffening himself as much as  
he could1 and no one could say that he  
moved an eyelid4 ,the boat whirled round
 three or four times1 and was full of   
water to the very edge--it must sink4   
,the ,tin ,soldier stood up to his neck 
in water1 and the boat sank deeper and  
deeper1 and the paper was loosened more 
and more2 and now the water closed over 

the soldier's head4 ,then he thought of 
the pretty little ,dancer1 and how he   
should never see her again2 and it      
sounded in the soldier's ears3          
,farewell1 farewell1 thou warrior brave1
           ,for this day thou must die6 
,and now the paper parted1 and the ,tin 
,soldier fell out2 but at that moment he
 was snapped up by a great fish4  ,oh1  
how dark it was in that fish's body6 ,it
 was darker yet than in the drain       
tunnel2 and then it was very narrow too4
 ,but the ,tin ,soldier remained        
unmoved1 and lay at full length         
shouldering his musket4  ,the fish swam 
to and fro2 he made the most wonderful  
movements1 and then became quite still4 
,at last something flashed through him  
like lightning4 ,the daylight shone     
quite clear1 and a voice said aloud1    
,the ,tin ,soldier6 ,the fish had been  
caught1 carried to market1 bought1 and  
taken into the kitchen1 where the cook  
cut him open with a large knife4 ,she   
seized the ,soldier round the body with 

both her hands and carried him into the 
room1 where all were anxious to see the 
remarkable man who had traveled about in
 the inside of a fish2 but the ,tin     
,soldier was not at all proud4 ,they    
placed him on the table1 and there--no6 
,what curious things may happen in the  
world4 ,the ,tin ,soldier was in the    
very room in which he had been before6  
,he saw the same children1 and the same 
toys stood on the table2 and there was  
the pretty castle with the graceful     
little ,dancer4 ,she was still balancing
 herself on one leg1 and held the other 
extended in the air4 ,she was hardy too4
 ,that moved the ,tin ,soldier2 he was  
very nearly weeping tin tears1 but that 
would not have been proper4 ,he looked  
at her1 but they said nothing to each   
other4  ,then one of the little boys    
took the ,tin ,soldier and flung him    
into the stove4 ,he gave no reason for  
doing this4 ,it must have been the fault
 of the ,goblin in the snuff-box4  ,the 
,tin ,soldier stood there quite         

illuminated1 and felt a heat that was   
terrible2 but whether this heat         
proceeded from the real fire or from    
love he did not know4 ,the colors had   
quite gone off from him2 but whether    
that had happened on the journey1 or had
 been caused by grief1 no one could say4
 ,he looked at the little lady1 she     
looked at him1 and he felt that he was  
melting2 but he still stood firm1       
shouldering his musket4 ,then suddenly  
the door flew open1 and the draught of  
air caught the ,dancer1 and she flew    
like a sylph just into the stove to the 
,tin ,soldier1 and flashed up in a      
flame1 and she was gone4 ,then the ,tin 
,soldier melted down into a lump2 and   
when the servant-maid took the ashes out
 next day1 she found him in the shape of
 a little tin heart4 ,but of the ,dancer
 nothing remained but the tinsel rose1  
and that was burned as black as a coal4 
#aih          ,the ,ugly ,duckling has  
always been regarded as         one of  
,andersen's most exquisite stories4 ,no 

one can fail to notice the parallel that
         suggests itself between the    
successive stages         in the        
duckling's history and those in         
,andersen's own life4 ,in this story1   
remarks ,dr4         ,brandes1 there is 
the quintessence of the         author's
 entire life 7melancholy1 humor1        
martyrdom1 triumph7 and of his whole    
nature3         the gift of observation 
and the sparkling         intellect     
which he used to avenge himself upon    
folly and wickedness1 the varied        
faculties         which constitute his  
genius4 ,the standards of               
judgment used by the ducks1 the turkey1 
the         hen1 and the cat are all    
delightfully and         humorously     
satirical of human stupidity and        
shortsightedness4 ,the translation used 
is by ,h4         ,w4 ,dulcken4   ,,the 
,,ugly ,,duckling  ,,hans ,,christian   
,,andersen  ,it was glorious out in the 
country4 ,it was summer1 and the        
cornfields were yellow1 and the oats    

were green2 the hay had been put up in  
stacks in the green meadows1 and the    
stork went about on his long red legs1  
and chattered ,egyptian1 for this was   
the language he had learned from his    
good mother4 ,all around the fields and 
meadows were great forests1 and in the  
midst of these forests lay deep lakes4  
,yes1 it was really glorious out in the 
country4 ,in the midst of the sunshine  
there lay an old farm1 surrounded by    
deep canals1 and from the wall down to  
the water grew great burdocks1 so high  
that little children could stand upright
 under the loftiest of them4 ,it was    
just as wild there as in the deepest    
wood4 ,here sat a ,duck upon her nest1  
for she had to hatch her young ones2 but
 she was almost tired out before the    
little ones came2 and then she so seldom
 had visitors4 ,the other ducks liked   
better to swim about in the canals than 
to run up to sit down under a burdock   
and cackle with her4  ,at last one      
eggshell after another burst open4      

,piep6 piep6 it cried1 and in all the   
eggs there were little creatures that   
stuck out their heads4  ,rap6 rap6 they 
said2 and they all came rapping out as  
fast as they could1 looking all round   
them under the green leaves2 and the    
mother let them look as much as they    
chose1 for green is good for the eyes4  
,how wide the world is6 said the young  
ones1 for they certainly had much more  
room now than when they were in the     
eggs4  ,do you think this is all the    
world6 asked the mother4 ,that extends  
far across the other side of the garden1
 quite into the parson's field1 but ,i  
have never been there yet4 ,i hope you  
are all together1 she continued1 and    
stood up4 ,no1 ,i have not all4 ,the    
largest egg still lies there4 ,how long 
is that to last8 ,i am really tired of  
it4 ,and she sat down again4  ,well1 how
 goes it8 asked an old ,duck who had    
come to pay her a visit4  ,it lasts a   
long time with that one egg1 said the   
,duck who sat there4 ,it will not burst4

 ,now1 only look at the others2 are they
 not the prettiest ducks one could      
possibly see8 ,they are all like their  
father2 the bad fellow never comes to   
see me4  ,let me see the egg which will 
not burst1 said the old visitor4        
,believe me1 it is a turkey's egg4 ,i   
was once cheated in that way1 and had   
much anxiety and trouble with the young 
ones1 for they are afraid of the water4 
,i could not get them to venture in4 ,i 
quacked and clucked1 but it was of no   
use4 ,let me see the egg4 ,yes1 that's a
 turkey's egg6 ,let it lie there1 and   
you teach the other children to swim4   
,i think ,i will sit on it a little     
longer1 said the ,duck4 ,i've sat so    
long now that ,i can sit a few days     
more4  ,just as you please1 said the old
 ,duck2 and she went away4  ,at last the
 great egg burst4 ,piep6 piep6 said the 
little one1 and crept forth4 ,it was    
very large and very ugly4 ,the ,duck    
looked at it4  ,it's a very large       
duckling1 said she2 none of the others  

look like that2 can it really be a      
turkey chick8 ,now we shall soon find   
out4 ,it must go into the water1 even if
 ,i have to thrust it in myself4  ,the  
next day the weather was splendidly     
bright1 and the sun shone on all the    
green trees4 ,the ,mother-,duck went    
down to the water with all her little   
ones4 ,splash6 she jumped into the      
water4 ,quack6 quack6 she said1 and then
 one duckling after another plunged in4 
,the water closed over their heads1 but 
they came up in an instant1 and swam    
capitally2 their legs went of           
themselves1 and there they were1 all in 
the water4 ,the ugly gray ,duckling swam
 with them4  ,no1 it's not a turkey1    
said she2 look how well it can use its  
legs1 and how upright it holds itself4  
,it is my own child6 ,on the whole it's 
quite pretty1 if one looks at it        
rightly4 ,quack6 quack6 come with me1   
and ,i'll lead you out into the great   
world1 and present you in the           
poultry-yard2 but keep close to me1 so  

that no one may tread on you2 and take  
care of the cats6  ,and so they came    
into the poultry-yard4 ,there was a     
terrible riot going on in there1 for two
 families were quarreling about an eel's
 head1 and the cat got it after all4    
,see1 that's how it goes in the world6  
said the ,mother-,duck2 and she whetted 
her beak1 for she1 too1 wanted the eel's
 head4 ,only use your legs1 she said4   
,see that you bustle about1 and bow your
 heads before the old ,duck yonder4     
,she's the grandest of all here2 she's  
of ,spanish blood--that's why she's so  
fat2 and do you see1 she has a red rag  
round her leg2 that's something         
particularly fine1 and the greatest     
distinction a duck can enjoy2 it        
signifies that one does not want to lose
 her1 and that she's to be recognized by
 man and beast4 ,shake yourselves--don't
 turn in your toes2 a well-brought-up   
,duck turns its toes quite out1 just    
like father and mother1 so6 ,now bend   
your necks and say ',rap6'  ,and they   

did so2 but the other ,ducks round about
 looked at them1 and said quite boldly3 
,look there6 now we're to have these    
hanging on1 as if there were not enough 
of us already6 ,and--fie--6 how that    
,duckling yonder looks2 we won't stand  
that6 ,and one duck flew up immediately1
 and bit it in the neck4  ,let it alone1
 said the mother2 it does no harm to    
anyone4  ,yes1 but it's too large and   
peculiar1 said the ,duck who had bitten 
it2 and therefore it must be buffeted4  
,those are pretty children that the     
mother has there1 said the old ,duck    
with the rag round her leg4 ,they're all
 pretty but that one2 that was a        
failure4 ,i wish she could alter it4    
,that cannot be done1 my lady1 replied  
the ,mother-,duck4 ,it is not pretty1   
but it has a really good disposition1   
and swims as well as any other2 ,i may  
even say it swims better4 ,i think it   
will grow up pretty1 and become smaller 
in time2 it has lain too long in the    
egg1 and therefore is not properly      

shaped4 ,and then she pinched it in the 
neck1 and smoothed its feathers4        
,moreover1 it is a drake1 she said1 and 
therefore it is not of so much          
consequence4 ,i think he will be very   
strong2 he makes his way already4  ,the 
other ducklings are graceful enough1    
said the old ,duck4 ,make yourself at   
home2 and if you find an eel's head1 you
 may bring it me4  ,and now they were at
 home4 ,but the poor ,duckling which had
 crept last out of the egg1 and looked  
so ugly1 was bitten and pushed and      
jeered1 as much by the ducks as by the  
chickens4  ,it is too big6 they all     
said4 ,and the turkey-cock1 who had been
 born with spurs1 and therefore thought 
himself an ,emperor1 blew himself up    
like a ship in full sail1 and bore      
straight down upon it2 then he gobbled1 
and grew quite red in the face4 ,the    
poor ,duckling did not know where it    
should stand or walk2 it was quite      
melancholy1 because it looked ugly and  
was scoffed at by the whole yard4  ,so  

it went on the first day2 and afterward 
it became worse and worse4 ,the poor    
,duckling was hunted about by every one2
 even its brothers and sisters were     
quite angry with it1 and said1 ,if the  
cat would only catch you1 you ugly      
creature6 ,and the mother said1 ,if you 
were only far away6 ,and the ducks bit  
it1 and the chickens beat it1 and the   
girl who had to feed the poultry kicked 
at it with her foot4  ,then it ran and  
flew over the fence1 and the little     
birds in the bushes flew up in fear4    
,that is because ,i am so ugly6 thought 
the ,duckling2 and it shut its eyes1 but
 flew no farther2 thus it came out into 
the great moor1 where the ,wild ,ducks  
lived4 ,here it lay the whole night     
long2 and it was weary and downcast4    
,toward morning the ,wild ,ducks flew   
up1 and looked at their new companion4  
,what sort of a one are you8 they asked2
 and the ,duckling turned in every      
direction1 and bowed as well as it      
could4 ,you are remarkably ugly6 said   

the ,wild ,ducks4 ,but that is very     
indifferent to us1 so long as you do not
 marry into our family4  ,poor thing6   
,it certainly did not think of marrying1
 and only hoped to obtain leave to lie  
among the reeds and drink some of the   
swamp-water4  ,thus it lay two whole    
days2 then came thither two ,wild       
,geese1 or1 properly speaking1 two wild 
ganders4 ,it was not long since each had
 crept out of an egg1 and that's why    
they were so saucy4  ,listen1 comrade1  
said one of them4 ,you're so ugly that  
,i like you4 ,will you go with us1 and  
become a bird of passage8 ,near here1 in
 another moor1 there are a few sweet    
lovely wild geese1 all unmarried1 and   
all able to say1 ',rap6' ,you've a      
chance of making your fortune1 ugly as  
you are6  ,piff6 paff6 resounded through
 the air2 and the two ganders fell down 
dead in the swamp1 and the water became 
blood-red4 ,piff6 paff6 it sounded      
again1 and whole flocks of wild geese   
rose up from the reeds4 ,and then there 

was another report4 ,a great hunt was   
going on4 ,the hunters were lying in    
wait all round the moor1 and some were  
even sitting up in the branches of the  
trees1 which spread far over the reeds4 
,the blue smoke rose up like clouds     
among the dark trees1 and was wafted far
 away across the water2 and the hunting 
dogs came--splash1 splash6--into the    
swamp1 and the rushes and the reeds bent
 down on every side4 ,that was a fright 
for the poor ,duckling6 ,it turned its  
head1 and put it under its wing2 but at 
that moment a frightful great dog stood 
close by the ,duckling4 ,his tongue hung
 far out of his mouth and his eyes      
gleamed horrible and ugly2 he thrust out
 his nose close against the ,duckling1  
showed his sharp teeth1 and--splash1    
splash6--on he went without seizing it4 
,oh1 ,heaven be thanked6 sighed the     
,duckling4 ,i am so ugly that even the  
dog does not like to bite me6  ,and so  
it lay quite quiet1 while the shots     
rattled through the reeds and gun after 

gun was fired4 ,at last1 late in the    
day1 silence was restored2 but the poor 
,duckling did not dare to rise up2 it   
waited several hours before it looked   
round1 and then hastened away out of the
 moor as fast as it could4 ,it ran on   
over field and meadow2 there was such a 
storm raging that it was difficult to   
get from one place to another4  ,toward 
evening the ,duck came to a little      
miserable peasant's hut4 ,this hut was  
so dilapidated that it did not know on  
which side it should fall2 and that's   
why it remained standing4 ,the storm    
whistled round the ,duckling in such a  
way that the poor creature was obliged  
to sit down1 to stand against it2 and   
the tempest grew worse and worse4 ,then 
the ,duckling noticed that one of the   
hinges of the door had given way1 and   
the door hung so slanting that the      
,duckling could slip through the crack  
into the room2 and it did so4  ,here    
lived a woman with her ,tom ,cat and her
 ,hen4 ,and the ,tom ,cat1 whom she     

called ,sonnie1 could arch his back and 
purr4 ,he could even give out sparks2   
but for that one had to stroke his fur  
the wrong way4 ,the ,hen had quite      
little short legs1 and therefore she was
 called ,chickabiddy-shortshanks2 she   
laid good eggs1 and the woman loved her 
as her own child4  ,in the morning the  
strange ,duckling was at once noticed1  
and the ,tom ,cat began to purr1 and the
 ,hen to cluck4  ,what's this8 said the 
woman1 and looked all round2 but she    
could not see well1 and therefore she   
thought the ,duckling was a fat duck    
that had strayed4 ,this is a rare prize1
 she said4 ,now ,i shall have duck's    
eggs4 ,i hope it is not a drake4 ,we    
must try that4  ,and so the ,duckling   
was admitted on trial for three weeks2  
but no eggs came4 ,and the ,tom ,cat was
 master of the house1 and the ,hen was  
the lady1 and they always said1 ,we and 
the world6 for they thought they were   
half the world1 and by far the better   
half4 ,the ,duckling thought one might  

have a different opinion1 but the ,hen  
would not allow it4  ,can you lay eggs8 
she asked4  ,no4  ,then you'll have the 
goodness to hold your tongue4  ,and the 
,tom ,cat said1 ,can you curve your     
back1 and purr1 and give out sparks8    
,no4  ,then you cannot have any opinion 
of your own when sensible people are    
speaking4  ,and the ,duckling sat in a  
corner and was melancholy2 then the     
fresh air and the sunshine streamed in2 
and it was seized with such a strange   
longing to swim on the water that it    
could not help telling the ,hen of it4  
,what are you thinking of8 cried the    
,hen4 ,you have nothing to do2 that's   
why you have these fancies4 ,purr or lay
 eggs1 and they will pass over4  ,but it
 is so charming to swim on the water6   
said the ,duckling1 so refreshing to let
 it close above one's head1 and to dive 
down to the bottom4  ,yes1 that must be 
a mighty pleasure1 truly1 quoth the     
,hen4 ,i fancy you must have gone crazy4
 ,ask the ,cat about it--he's the       

cleverest animal ,i know--ask him if he 
likes to swim on the water1 or to dive  
down3 ,i won't speak about myself4 ,ask 
our mistress1 the old woman2 no one in  
the world is cleverer than she4 ,do you 
think she has any desire to swim1 and to
 let the water close above her head8    
,you don't understand me1 said the      
,duckling4  ,we don't understand you8   
,then pray who is to understand you8    
,you surely don't pretend to be cleverer
 than the ,tom ,cat and the old         
woman--,i won't say anything of myself4 
,don't be conceited1 child1 and be      
grateful for all the kindness you have  
received4 ,did you not get into a warm  
room1 and have you not fallen into      
company from which you may learn        
something8 ,but you are a chatterer1 and
 it is not pleasant to associate with   
you4 ,you may believe me1 ,i speak for  
your good4 ,i tell you disagreeable     
things1 and by that one may always know 
one's true friends4 ,only take care that
 you learn to lay eggs1 or to purr and  

give out sparks6  ,i think ,i will go   
out into the wide world1 said the       
,duckling4  ,yes1 do go1 replied the    
,hen4  ,and the ,duckling went away4 ,it
 swam on the water1 and dived1 but it   
was slighted by every creature because  
of its ugliness4  ,now came the autumn4 
,the leaves in the forest turned yellow 
and brown2 the wind caught them so that 
they danced about1 and up in the air it 
was very cold4 ,the clouds hung low1    
heavy with hail and snow-flakes1 and on 
the fence stood the raven1 crying1      
,croak6 croak6 for mere cold2 yes1 it   
was enough to make one feel cold to     
think of this4 ,the poor little         
,duckling certainly had not a good time4
 ,one evening--the sun was just setting 
in his beauty--there came a whole flock 
of great handsome birds out of the      
bushes2 they were dazzlingly white1 with
 long flexible necks2 they were swans4  
,they uttered a very peculiar cry1      
spread forth their glorious great wings1
 and flew away from that cold region to 

warmer lands1 to fair open lakes4 ,they 
mounted so high1 so high6 and the ugly  
little ,duckling felt quite strange as  
it watched them4 ,it turned round and   
round in the water like a wheel1        
stretched out its neck toward them1 and 
uttered such a strange loud cry as      
frightened itself4 ,oh6 it could not    
forget those beautiful1 happy birds2 and
 so soon as it could see them no longer1
 it dived down to the very bottom1 and  
when it came up again1 it was quite     
beside itself4 ,it knew not the name of 
those birds1 and knew not whither they  
were flying2 but it loved them more than
 it had ever loved anyone4 ,it was not  
at all envious of them4 ,how could it   
think of wishing to possess such        
loveliness as they had8 ,it would have  
been glad if only the ducks would have  
endured its company--the poor ugly      
creature6  ,and the winter grew cold1   
very cold6 ,the ,duckling was forced to 
swim about in the water1 to prevent the 
surface from freezing entirely2 but     

every night the hole in which it swam   
about became smaller and smaller4 ,it   
froze so hard that the icy covering     
crackled again2 and the ,duckling was   
obliged to use its legs continually to  
prevent the hole from freezing up4 ,at  
last it became exhausted1 and lay quite 
still1 and thus froze fast into the ice4
  ,early in the morning a peasant came  
by1 and when he saw what had happened1  
he took his wooden shoe1 broke the      
ice-crust to pieces1 and carried the    
,duckling home to his wife4 ,then it    
came to itself again4 ,the children     
wanted to play with it2 but the         
,duckling thought they would do it an   
injury1 and in its terror fluttered up  
into the milk-pan1 so that the milk     
spurted down into the room4 ,the woman  
clapped her hands1 at which the         
,duckling flew down into the butter-tub1
 and then into the meal-barrel and out  
again4 ,how it looked then6 ,the woman  
screamed1 and struck at it with the     
fire-tongs2 the children tumbled over   

one another in their efforts to catch   
the ,duckling2 and they laughed and     
screamed finely4 ,happily the door stood
 open1 and the poor creature was able to
 slip out between the shrubs into the   
newly-fallen snow2 and there it lay     
quite exhausted4  ,but it would be too  
melancholy if ,i were to tell all the   
misery and care which the ,duckling had 
to endure in the hard winter4 ,it lay   
out on the moor among the reeds when the
 sun began to shine again and the larks 
to sing2 it was a beautiful spring4     
,then all at once the ,duckling could   
flap its wings2 they beat the air more  
strongly than before1 and bore it       
strongly away2 and before it well knew  
how all this had happened1 it found     
itself in a great garden1 where the     
elder trees smelt sweet1 and bent their 
long green branches down to the canal   
that wound through the region4 ,oh1 here
 it was so beautiful1 such a gladness of
 spring6 and from the thicket came three
 glorious white swans2 they rustled     

their wings1 and swam lightly on the    
water4 ,the ,duckling knew the splendid 
creatures1 and felt oppressed by a      
peculiar sadness4  ,i will fly away to  
them1 to the royal birds6 and they will 
kill me1 because ,i1 that am so ugly1   
dare to approach them4 ,but it is of no 
consequence6 ,better to be killed by    
them than to be pursued by ducks1 and   
beaten by fowls1 and pushed about by the
 girl who takes care of the             
poultry-yard1 and to suffer hunger in   
winter6 ,and it flew out into the water1
 and swam toward the beautiful swans3   
these looked at it1 and came sailing    
down upon it with outspread wings4 ,kill
 me6 said the poor creature1 and bent   
its head down upon the water1 expecting 
nothing but death4 ,but what was this   
that it saw in the clear water8 ,it     
beheld its own image--and1 lo6 it was no
 longer a clumsy dark-gray bird1 ugly   
and hateful to look at1 but--a swan4    
,it matters nothing if one was born in a
 duck-yard1 if one has only lain in a   

swan's egg4  ,it felt quite glad at all 
the need and misfortune it had suffered1
 now it realized its happiness in all   
the splendor that surrounded it4 ,and   
the great swans swam round it1 and      
stroked it with their beaks4  ,into the 
garden came little children1 who threw  
bread and corn into the water2 the      
youngest cried1 ,there is a new one6 and
 the other children shouted joyously1   
,yes1 a new one has arrived6 ,and they  
clapped their hands and danced about1   
and ran to their father and mother2 and 
bread and cake were thrown into the     
water2 and they all said1 ,the new one  
is the most beautiful of all6 so young  
and handsome6 and the old swans bowed   
their heads before him4  ,then he felt  
quite ashamed1 and hid his head under   
his wing1 for he did not know what to   
do2 he was so happy1 and yet not at all 
proud4 ,he thought how he had been      
persecuted and despised2 and now he     
heard them saying that he was the most  
beautiful of all the birds4 ,even the   

elder tree bent its branches straight   
down into the water before him1 and the 
sun shone warm and mild4 ,then his wings
 rustled1 he lifted his slender neck1   
and cried rejoicingly from the depths of
 his heart3  ,i never dreamed of so much
 happiness when ,i was still the ,ugly  
,duckling6    #aii          ,one of the 
really successful modern attempts at    
telling new fairy stories was ,granny's 
,wonderful ,chair 7#aheg7 by the blind  
poet         ,frances ,browne           
7#ahaf-ahhg74 ,in spite of the          
obstacles due to blindness1 poverty1 and
         ill-health1 she succeeded in   
educating herself1         and after    
achieving some fame as a poet left      
her mountain village in county ,donegal1
         ,ireland1 to make a literary   
career in ,edinburgh         and        
,london4 ,she published many volumes of 
poems1 novels1 and children's books4    
,only one         of these is now much  
read or remembered1 but it         has  
taken a firm place in the affections of 

children4 ,in ,granny's ,wonderful      
,chair there         are seven stories1 
set in an interesting         framework 
which tells of the adventures of the    
little girl ,snowflower and her chair at
 the         court of ,king ,winwealth4 
,this chair had magic         power to  
transport ,snowflower wherever she      
wished to go1 like the magic carpet in  
the         ,arabian ,nights4 ,when she 
laid down her head         and said1    
,chair of my grandmother1 tell me a     
story1 a clear voice from under the     
cushion         would at once begin to  
speak4 ,besides the story         that  
follows1 two of the most satisfactory in
         the collection are ,the ,greedy
 ,shepherd and         ,the ,story of   
,merrymind4 ,perhaps one of the         
secrets of their charm is in the power  
of         visualization which the      
author possessed4 ,the         pictures 
are all clear and definite1 yet         
touched with the glamor of fairyland4   
,,the ,,story ,,of ,,fairyfoot          

,,frances ,,browne  ,once upon a time   
there stood far away in the west country
 a town called ,stumpinghame4 ,it       
contained seven windmills1 a royal      
palace1 a market place1 and a prison1   
with every other convenience befitting  
the capital of a kingdom4 ,a capital    
city was ,stumpinghame1 and its         
inhabitants thought it the only one in  
the world4 ,it stood in the midst of a  
great plain1 which for three leagues    
round its walls was covered with corn1  
flax1 and orchards4 ,beyond that lay a  
great circle of pasture land1 seven     
leagues in breadth1 and it was bounded  
on all sides by a forest so thick and   
old that no man in ,stumpinghame knew   
its extent2 and the opinion of the      
learned was that it reached to the end  
of the world4  ,there were strong       
reasons for this opinion4 ,first1 that  
forest was known to be inhabited time   
out of mind by the fairies1 and no      
hunter cared to go beyond its border--so
 all the west country believed it to be 

solidly full of old trees to the heart4 
,secondly1 the people of ,stumpinghame  
were no travelers--man1 woman1 and child
 had feet so large and heavy that it was
 by no means convenient to carry them   
far4 ,whether it was the nature of the  
place or the people1 ,i cannot tell1 but
 great feet had been the fashion there  
time immemorial1 and the higher the     
family the larger were they4 ,it was1   
therefore1 the aim of everybody above   
the degree of shepherds1 and such-like  
rustics1 to swell out and enlarge their 
feet by way of gentility2 and so        
successful were they in these           
undertakings that1 on a pinch1          
respectable people's slippers would have
 served for panniers4  ,stumpinghame had
 a king of its own1 and his name was    
,stiffstep2 his family was very ancient 
and large-footed4 ,his subjects called  
him ,lord of the ,world1 and he made a  
speech to them every year concerning the
 grandeur of his mighty empire4 ,his    
queen1 ,hammerheel1 was the greatest    

beauty in ,stumpinghame4 ,her majesty's 
shoe was not much less than a           
fishing-boat2 their six children        
promised to be quite as handsome1 and   
all went well with them till the birth  
of their seventh son4  ,for a long time 
nobody about the palace could understand
 what was the matter--the               
ladies-in-waiting looked so astonished1 
and the king so vexed2 but at last it   
was whispered through the city that the 
queen's seventh child had been born with
 such miserably small feet that they    
resembled nothing ever seen or heard of 
in ,stumpinghame1 except the feet of the
 fairies4  ,the chronicles furnished no 
example of such an affliction ever      
before happening in the royal family4   
,the common people thought it portended 
some great calamity to the city2 the    
learned men began to write books about  
it2 and all the relations of the king   
and queen assembled at the palace to    
mourn with them over their singular     
misfortune4 ,the whole court and most of

 the citizens helped in this mourning1  
but when it had lasted seven days they  
all found out it was of no use4 ,so the 
relations went to their homes1 and the  
people took to their work4 ,if the      
learned men's books were written1 nobody
 ever read them2 and to cheer up the    
queen's spirits1 the young prince was   
sent privately out to the pasture lands1
 to be nursed among the shepherds4  ,the
 chief man there was called ,fleecefold1
 and his wife's name was ,rough ,ruddy4 
,they lived in a snug cottage with their
 son ,blackthorn and their daughter     
,brownberry1 and were thought great     
people1 because they kept the king's    
sheep4 ,moreover1 ,fleecefold's family  
were known to be ancient2 and ,rough    
,ruddy boasted that she had the largest 
feet in all the pastures4 ,the shepherds
 held them in high respect1 and it grew 
still higher when the news spread that  
the king's seventh son had been sent to 
their cottage4 ,people came from all    
quarters to see the young prince1 and   

great were the lamentations over his    
misfortune in having such small feet4   
,the king and queen had given him       
fourteen names1 beginning with          
,augustus--such being the fashion in    
that royal family2 but the honest       
country people could not remember so    
many2 besides1 his feet were the most   
remarkable thing about the child1 so    
with one accord they called him         
,fairyfoot4 ,at first it was feared this
 might be high treason1 but when no     
notice was taken by the king or his     
ministers1 the shepherds concluded it   
was no harm1 and the boy never had      
another name throughout the pastures4   
,at court it was not thought polite to  
speak of him at all4 ,they did not keep 
his birthday1 and he was never sent for 
at ,christmas1 because the queen and her
 ladies could not bear the sight4 ,once 
a year the undermost scullion was sent  
to see how he did1 with a bundle of his 
next brother's cast-off clothes2 and1 as
 the king grew old and cross1 it was    

said he had thoughts of disowning him4  
,so ,fairyfoot grew in ,fleecefold's    
cottage4 ,perhaps the country air made  
him fair and rosy--for all agreed that  
he would have been a handsome boy but   
for his small feet1 with which          
nevertheless he learned to walk1 and in 
time to run and to jump1 thereby amazing
 everybody1 for such doings were not    
known among the children of             
,stumpinghame4 ,the news of court1      
however1 traveled to the shepherds1 and 
,fairyfoot was despised among them4 ,the
 old people thought him unlucky2 the    
children refused to play with him4      
,fleecefold was ashamed to have him in  
his cottage1 but he durst not disobey   
the king's orders4 ,moreover1           
,blackthorn wore most of the clothes    
brought by the scullion4 ,at last1      
,rough ,ruddy found out that the sight  
of such horrid jumping would make her   
children vulgar2 and1 as soon as he was 
old enough1 she sent ,fairyfoot every   
day to watch some sickly sheep that     

grazed on a wild1 weedy pasture1 hard by
 the forest4  ,poor ,fairyfoot was often
 lonely and sorrowful2 many a time he   
wished his feet would grow larger1 or   
that people wouldn't notice them so     
much2 and all the comfort he had was    
running and jumping by himself in the   
wild pasture1 and thinking that none of 
the shepherds' children could do the    
like1 for all their pride of their great
 feet4  ,tired of this sport1 he was    
lying in the shadow of a mossy rock one 
warm summer's noon1 with the sheep      
feeding around1 when a robin1 pursued by
 a great hawk1 flew into the old velvet 
cap which lay on the ground beside him4 
,fairyfoot covered it up1 and the hawk1 
frightened by his shout1 flew away4     
,now you may go1 poor robin6 he said1   
opening the cap3 but instead of the     
bird1 out sprang a little man dressed in
 russet-brown1 and looking as if he were
 an hundred years old4 ,fairyfoot could 
not speak for astonishment1 but the     
little man said--  ,thank you for your  

shelter1 and be sure ,i will do as much 
for you4 ,call on me if you are ever in 
trouble2 my name is ,robin ,goodfellow2 
and darting off1 he was out of sight in 
an instant4 ,for days the boy wondered  
who that little man could be1 but he    
told nobody1 for the little man's feet  
were as small as his own1 and it was    
clear he would be no favorite in        
,stumpinghame4 ,fairyfoot kept the story
 to himself1 and at last midsummer came4
 ,that evening was a feast among the    
shepherds4 ,there were bonfires on the  
hills1 and fun in the villages4 ,but    
,fairyfoot sat alone beside his         
sheepfold1 for the children of his      
village had refused to let him dance    
with them about the bonfire1 and he had 
gone there to bewail the size of his    
feet1 which came between him and so many
 good things4 ,fairyfoot had never felt 
so lonely in all his life1 and          
remembering the little man1 he plucked  
up spirit1 and cried--  ,ho6 ,robin     
,goodfellow6  ,here ,i am1 said a shrill

 voice at his elbow2 and there stood the
 little man himself4  ,i am very lonely1
 and no one will play with me1 because  
my feet are not large enough1 said      
,fairyfoot4  ,come then and play with   
us1 said the little man4 ,we lead the   
merriest lives in the world1 and care   
for nobody's feet2 but all companies    
have their own manners1 and there are   
two things you must mind among us3      
first1 do as you see the rest doing2 and
 secondly1 never speak of anything you  
may hear or see1 for we and the people  
of this country have had no friendship  
ever since large feet came in fashion4  
,i will do that1 and anything more you  
like1 said ,fairyfoot2 and the little   
man1 taking his hand1 led him over the  
pasture into the forest and along a     
mossy path among old trees wreathed with
 ivy 7he never knew how far71 till they 
heard the sound of music and came upon a
 meadow where the moon shone as bright  
as day1 and all the flowers of the      
year--snowdrops1 violets1 primroses1 and

 cowslips--bloomed together in the thick
 grass4 ,there were a crowd of little   
men and women1 some clad in russet      
color1 but far more in green1 dancing   
round a little well as clear as crystal4
 ,and under great rose-trees which grew 
here and there in the meadow1 companies 
were sitting round low tables covered   
with cups of milk1 dishes of honey1 and 
carved wooden flagons filled with clear 
red wine4 ,the little man led ,fairyfoot
 up to the nearest table1 handed him one
 of the flagons1 and said--  ,drink to  
the good company4  ,wine was not very   
common among the shepherds of           
,stumpinghame1 and the boy had never    
tasted such drink as that before2 for   
scarcely had it gone down when he forgot
 all his troubles--how ,blackthorn and  
,brownberry wore his clothes1 how ,rough
 ,ruddy sent him to keep the sickly     
sheep1 and the children would not dance 
with him3 in short1 he forgot the whole 
misfortune of his feet1 and it seemed to
 his mind that he was a king's son1 and 

all was well with him4 ,all the little  
people about the well cried--,welcome6  
welcome6 and every one said--,come and  
dance with me6 ,so ,fairyfoot was as    
happy as a prince1 and drank milk and   
ate honey till the moon was low in the  
sky1 and then the little man took him by
 the hand1 and never stopped nor stayed 
till he was at his own bed of straw in  
the cottage corner4  ,next morning      
,fairyfoot was not tired for all his    
dancing4 ,nobody in the cottage had     
missed him1 and he went out with the    
sheep as usual2 but every night all that
 summer1 when the shepherds were safe in
 bed1 the little man came and took him  
away to dance in the forest4 ,now he did
 not care to play with the shepherds'   
children1 nor grieve that his father and
 mother had forgotten him1 but watched  
the sheep all day1 singing to himself or
 plaiting rushes2 and when the sun went 
down1 ,fairyfoot's heart rejoiced at the
 thought of meeting that merry company4 
,the wonder was that he was never tired 

nor sleepy1 as people are apt to be who 
dance all night2 but before the summer  
was ended ,fairyfoot found out the      
reason4 ,one night1 when the moon was   
full1 and the last of the ripe corn     
rustling in the fields1 ,robin          
,goodfellow came for him as usual1 and  
away they went to the flowery green4    
,the fun there was high1 and ,robin was 
in haste4 ,so he only pointed to the    
carved cup from which ,fairyfoot every  
night drank the clear red wine4  ,i am  
not thirsty1 and there is no use losing 
time1 thought the boy to himself1 and he
 joined the dance2 but never in all his 
life did ,fairyfoot find such hard work 
as to keep pace with the company4 ,their
 feet seemed to move like lightning1 the
 swallows did not fly so fast or turn so
 quickly4 ,fairyfoot did his best1 for  
he never gave in easily1 but at length1 
his breath and strength being spent1 the
 boy was glad to steal away and sit down
 behind a mossy oak1 where his eyes     
closed for very weariness4 ,when he     

awoke the dance was nearly over1 but two
 little ladies clad in green talked     
close beside him4  ,what a beautiful    
boy6 said one of them4 ,he is worthy to 
be a king's son4 ,only see what handsome
 feet he has6  ,yes1 said the other1    
with a laugh1 that sounded spiteful2    
they are just like the feet ,princess   
,maybloom had before she washed them in 
the ,growing ,well4 ,her father has sent
 far and wide throughout the whole      
country searching for a doctor to make  
them small again1 but nothing in this   
world can do it except the water of the 
,fair ,fountain1 and none but ,i and the
 nightingales know where it is4  ,one   
would not care to let the like be known1
 said the first little lady3 there would
 come such crowds of these great coarse 
creatures of mankind1 nobody would have 
peace for leagues round4 ,but you will  
surely send word to the sweet           
princess6--she was so kind to our birds 
and butterflies1 and danced so like one 
of ourselves6  ,not ,i1 indeed6 said the

 spiteful fairy4 ,her old skinflint of a
 father cut down the cedar which ,i     
loved best in the whole forest1 and made
 a chest of it to hold his money in2    
besides1 ,i never liked the             
princess--everybody praised her so4 ,but
 come1 we shall be too late for the last
 dance4  ,when they were gone1          
,fairyfoot could sleep no more with     
astonishment4 ,he did not wonder at the 
fairies admiring his feet1 because their
 own were much the same2 but it amazed  
him that ,princess ,maybloom's father   
should be troubled at hers growing      
large4 ,moreover1 he wished to see that 
same princess and her country1 since    
there were really other places in the   
world than ,stumpinghame4  ,when ,robin 
,goodfellow came to take him home as    
usual he durst not let him know that he 
had overheard anything2 but never was   
the boy so unwilling to get up as on    
that morning1 and all day he was so     
weary that in the afternoon ,fairyfoot  
fell asleep1 with his head on a clump of

 rushes4 ,it was seldom that any one    
thought of looking after him and the    
sickly sheep2 but it so happened that   
towards evening the old shepherd1       
,fleecefold1 thought he would see how   
things went on in the pastures4 ,the    
shepherd had a bad temper and a thick   
staff1 and no sooner did he catch sight 
of ,fairyfoot sleeping1 and his flock   
straying away1 than shouting all the ill
 names he could remember1 in a voice    
which woke up the boy1 he ran after him 
as fast as his great feet would allow2  
while ,fairyfoot1 seeing no other       
shelter from his fury1 fled into the    
forest1 and never stopped nor stayed    
till he reached the banks of a little   
stream4  ,thinking it might lead him to 
the fairies' dancing-ground1 he followed
 that stream for many an hour1 but it   
wound away into the heart of the forest1
 flowing through dells1 falling over    
mossy rocks1 and at last leading        
,fairyfoot1 when he was tired and the   
night had fallen1 to a grove of great   

rose-trees1 with the moon shining on it 
as bright as day1 and thousands of      
nightingales singing in the branches4   
,in the midst of that grove was a clear 
spring1 bordered with banks of lilies1  
and ,fairyfoot sat down by it to rest   
himself and listen4 ,the singing was so 
sweet he could have listened for ever1  
but as he sat the nightingales left off 
their songs1 and began to talk together 
in the silence of the night4  ,what boy 
is that1 said one on a branch above him1
 who sits so lonely by the ,fair        
,fountain8 ,he cannot have come from    
,stumpinghame with such small and       
handsome feet4  ,no1 ,i'll warrant you1 
said another1 he has come from the west 
country4 ,how in the world did he find  
the way8  ,how simple you are6 said a   
third nightingale4 ,what had he to do   
but follow the ground-ivy which grows   
over height and hollow1 bank and bush1  
from the lowest gate of the king's      
kitchen garden to the root of this      
rose-tree8 ,he looks a wise boy1 and ,i 

hope he will keep the secret1 or we     
shall have all the west country here1   
dabbling in our fountain1 and leaving us
 no rest to either talk or sing4        
,fairyfoot sat in great astonishment at 
this discourse1 but by and by1 when the 
talk ceased and the songs began1 he     
thought it might be as well for him to  
follow the ground-ivy1 and see the      
,princess ,maybloom1 not to speak of    
getting rid of ,rough ,ruddy1 the sickly
 sheep1 and the crusty old shepherd4 ,it
 was a long journey2 but he went on1    
eating wild berries by day1 sleeping in 
the hollows of old trees by night1 and  
never losing sight of the ground-ivy1   
which led him over height and hollow1   
bank and bush1 out of the forest1 and   
along a noble high road1 with fields and
 villages on every side1 to a great     
city1 and a low old-fashioned gate of   
the king's kitchen-garden1 which was    
thought too mean for the scullions1 and 
had not been opened for seven years4    
,there was no use knocking--the gate was

 overgrown with tall weeds and moss2 so1
 being an active boy1 he climbed over1  
and walked through the garden1 till a   
white fawn came frisking by1 and he     
heard a soft voice saying sorrowfully-- 
,come back1 come back1 my fawn6 ,i      
cannot run and play with you now1 my    
feet have grown so heavy2 and looking   
round he saw the loveliest young        
princess in the world1 dressed in       
snow-white1 and wearing a wreath of     
roses on her golden hair2 but walking   
slowly1 as the great people did in      
,stumpinghame1 for her feet were as     
large as the best of them4  ,after her  
came six young ladies1 dressed in white 
and walking slowly1 for they could not  
go before the princess2 but ,fairyfoot  
was amazed to see that their feet were  
as small as his own4 ,at once he guessed
 that this must be the ,princess        
,maybloom1 and made her an humble bow1  
saying--  ,royal princess1 ,i have heard
 of your trouble because your feet have 
grown large2 in my country that's all   

the fashion4 ,for seven years past ,i   
have been wondering what would make mine
 grow1 to no purpose2 but ,i know of a  
certain fountain that will make yours   
smaller and finer than ever they were1  
if the king1 your father1 gives you     
leave to come with me1 accompanied by   
two of your maids that are the least    
given to talking1 and the most prudent  
officer in all his household2 for it    
would grievously offend the fairies and 
the nightingales to make that fountain  
known4  ,when the princess heard that1  
she danced for joy in spite of her large
 feet1 and she and her six maids brought
 ,fairyfoot before the king and queen1  
where they sat in their palace hall1    
with all the courtiers paying their     
morning compliments4 ,the lords were    
very much astonished to see a ragged1   
bare-footed boy brought in among them1  
and the ladies thought ,princess        
,maybloom must have gone mad2 but       
,fairyfoot1 making an humble reverence1 
told his message to the king and queen1 

and offered to set out with the princess
 that very day4 ,at first the king would
 not believe that there could be any use
 in his offer1 because so many great    
physicians had failed to give any       
relief4 ,the courtiers laughed          
,fairyfoot to scorn1 the pages wanted to
 turn him out for an impudent impostor1 
and the prime minister said he ought to 
be put to death for high treason4       
,fairyfoot wished himself safe in the   
forest again1 or even keeping the sickly
 sheep2 but the queen1 being a prudent  
woman1 said--  ,i pray your majesty to  
notice what fine feet this boy has4     
,there may be some truth in his story4  
,for the sake of our only daughter1 ,i  
will choose two maids who talk the least
 of all our train1 and my chamberlain1  
who is the most discreet officer in our 
household4 ,let them go with the        
princess2 who knows but our sorrow may  
be lessened8  ,after some persuasion the
 king consented1 though all his         
councillors advised the contrary4 ,so   

the two silent maids1 the discreet      
chamberlain1 and her fawn1 which would  
not stay behind1 were sent with         
,princess ,maybloom1 and they all set   
out after dinner4 ,fairyfoot had hard   
work guiding them along the track of the
 ground-ivy4 ,the maids and the         
chamberlain did not like the brambles   
and rough roots of the forest--they     
thought it hard to eat berries and sleep
 in hollow trees2 but the princess went 
on with good courage1 and at last they  
reached the grove of rose-trees1 and the
 spring bordered with lilies4  ,the     
chamberlain washed--and though his hair 
had been grey1 and his face wrinkled1   
the young courtiers envied his beauty   
for years after4 ,the maids washed--and 
from that day they were esteemed the    
fairest in all the palace4 ,lastly1 the 
princess washed also--it could make her 
no fairer1 but the moment her feet      
touched the water they grew less1 and   
when she had washed and dried them three
 times1 they were as small and          

finely-shaped as ,fairyfoot's own4      
,there was great joy among them1 but the
 boy said sorrowfully--  ,oh6 if there  
had been a well in the world to make my 
feet large1 my father and mother would  
not have cast me off1 nor sent me to    
live among the shepherds4  ,cheer up    
your heart1 said the ,princess          
,maybloom2 if you want large feet1 there
 is a well in this forest that will do  
it4 ,last summer time ,i came with my   
father and his foresters to see a great 
cedar cut down1 of which he meant to    
make a money chest4 ,while they were    
busy with the cedar1 ,i saw a bramble   
branch covered with berries4 ,some were 
ripe and some were green1 but it was the
 longest bramble that ever grew2 for the
 sake of the berries1 ,i went on and on 
to its root1 which grew hard by a       
muddy-looking well1 with banks of dark  
green moss1 in the deepest part of the  
forest4 ,the day was warm and dry and my
 feet were sore with the rough ground1  
so ,i took off my scarlet shoes and     

washed my feet in the well2 but as ,i   
washed they grew larger every minute1   
and nothing could ever make them less   
again4 ,i have seen the bramble this    
day2 it is not far off1 and as you have 
shown me the ,fair ,fountain1 ,i will   
show you the ,growing ,well4  ,up rose  
,fairyfoot and ,princess ,maybloom1 and 
went together till they found the       
bramble1 and came to where its root     
grew1 hard by the muddy-looking well1   
with banks of dark green moss in the    
deepest dell of the forest4 ,fairyfoot  
sat down to wash1 but at that minute he 
heard a sound of music1 and knew it was 
the fairies going to their dancing      
ground4  ,if my feet grow large1 said   
the boy to himself1 how shall ,i dance  
with them8 ,so1 rising quickly1 he took 
the ,princess ,maybloom by the hand4    
,the fawn followed them2 the maids and  
the chamberlain followed it1 and all    
followed the music through the forest4  
,at last they came to the flowery green4
 ,robin ,goodfellow welcomed the company

 for ,fairyfoot's sake1 and gave every  
one a drink of the fairies' wine4 ,so   
they danced there from sunset till the  
grey morning1 and nobody was tired2 but 
before the lark sang1 ,robin ,goodfellow
 took them all safe home1 as he used to 
take ,fairyfoot4  ,there was great joy  
that day in the palace because ,princess
 ,maybloom's feet were made small again4
 ,the king gave ,fairyfoot all manner of
 fine clothes and rich jewels2 and when 
they heard his wonderful story1 he and  
the queen asked him to live with them   
and be their son4 ,in process of time   
,fairyfoot and ,princess ,maybloom were 
married1 and still live happily4 ,when  
they go to visit at ,stumpinghame1 they 
always wash their feet in the ,growing  
,well1 lest the royal family might think
 them a disgrace1 but when they come    
back1 they make haste to the ,fair      
,fountain2 and the fairies and the      
nightingales are great friends to them1 
as well as the maids and the            
chamberlain1 because they have told     

nobody about it1 and there is peace and 
quiet yet in the grove of rose-trees4   
#bjj          ,the ill-fated ,oscar     
,wilde 7#ahef-aijj7 was born         in 
,ireland1 was educated at ,oxford1 came 
into         great notoriety as the     
reputed leader of the         aesthetic 
movement1 was prominent in the          
,london literary world from #ahhe to    
#ahie1 fell         under the obloquy of
 most of his countrymen1         and    
died in distressing circumstances in    
,paris4         ,in addition to some    
remarkable plays1 poems1         and    
prose books1 he wrote a number of       
unusual         stories especially      
fascinating to children1         which  
were collected under the title ,the     
,happy         ,prince1 and ,other      
,tales4 ,these stories were at          
once recognized as classic in quality4  
,while         they contain much implied
 criticism of certain         features  
of modern civilization1 the whole tone  
is so idealistic and the workmanship so 

fine         that they convey no strong 
note of bitterness         to the child4
 ,the ,happy ,prince suggests that      
,wilde saw on the one hand the white    
faces of         starving children      
looking out listlessly at the           
black streets2 while on the other hand  
he saw         the ,pyramids1 marble    
angels sculptured on the                
cathedral tower1 and the gold-covered   
statue of         the ,prince of the    
,palace of the ,care-,free4             
,wilde also suggests a remedy for the   
starvation         and wretchedness that
 exist1 especially among                
children1 in most cities where great    
wealth is         displayed4 ,the       
important thing in presenting           
this story to children is to get the    
full         sympathetic response due to
 the sacrifice made         by the      
,happy ,prince and the little swallow4  
,so         much of the effect depends  
upon the wonderful         beauty of the
 language that teachers will1 as a      

rule1 get better results from reading or
         reciting than from any kind of 
oral paraphrase4         ,another story 
in this same volume widely and          
successfully used by teachers is the one
 called         ,the ,selfish ,giant4   
,,the ,,happy ,,prince  ,,oscar ,,wilde 
,high above the city1 on a tall column1 
stood the statue of the ,happy ,prince4 
,he was gilded all over with thin leaves
 of fine gold1 for eyes he had two      
bright sapphires1 and a large red ruby  
glowed on his sword-hilt4  ,he was very 
much admired indeed4 ,he is as beautiful
 as a weathercock1 remarked one of the  
,town ,councillors who wished to gain a 
reputation for having artistic tastes2  
only not quite so useful1 he added1     
fearing lest people should think him    
unpractical1 which he really was not4   
,why can't you be like the ,happy       
,prince8 asked a sensible mother of her 
little boy who was crying for the moon4 
,the ,happy ,prince never dreams of     
crying for anything4  ,i am glad there  

is some one in the world who is quite   
happy1 muttered a disappointed man as he
 gazed at the wonderful statue4  ,he    
looks just like an angel1 said the      
,charity ,children as they came out of  
the cathedral in their bright scarlet   
cloaks and their clean white pinafores4 
,how do you know8 said the ,mathematical
 ,master2 you have never seen one4  ,ah6
 but we have1 in our dreams1 answered   
the children2 and the ,mathematical     
,master frowned and looked very severe1 
for he did not approve of children      
dreaming4  ,one night there flew over   
the city a ,little ,swallow4 ,his       
friends had gone away to ,egypt six     
weeks before1 but he had stayed behind1 
for he was in love with the most        
beautiful ,reed4 ,he had met her early  
in the spring as he was flying down the 
river after a big yellow moth1 and had  
been so attracted by her slender waist  
that he had stopped to talk to her4     
,shall ,i love you8 said the ,swallow1  
who liked to come to the point at once1 

and the ,reed made him a low bow4 ,so he
 flew round and round her1 touching the 
water with his wings1 and making silver 
ripples4 ,this was his courtship1 and it
 lasted all through the summer4  ,it is 
a ridiculous attachment1 twittered the  
other ,swallows2 she has no money1 and  
far too many relations2 and indeed the  
river was quite full of ,reeds4 ,then   
when the autumn came they all flew away4
  ,after they had gone he felt lonely1  
and began to tire of his lady-love4 ,she
 has no conversation1 he said1 and ,i am
 afraid that she is a coquette1 for she 
is always flirting with the wind4 ,and  
certainly1 whenever the wind blew1 the  
,reed made the most graceful curtseys4  
,i admit that she is domestic1 he       
continued1 but ,i love traveling1 and my
 wife1 consequently1 should love        
traveling also4  ,will you come away    
with me8 he said finally to her2 but the
 ,reed shook her head1 she was so       
attached to her home4  ,you have been   
trifling with me1 he cried4 ,i am off to

 the ,pyramids4 ,good-bye6 and he flew  
away4  ,all day long he flew1 and at    
night-time he arrived at the city4      
,where shall ,i put up8 he said2 ,i hope
 the town has made preparations4  ,then 
he saw the statue on the tall column4   
,i will put up there1 he cried2 it is a 
fine position1 with plenty of fresh air4
 ,so he alighted just between the feet  
of the ,happy ,prince4  ,i have a golden
 bedroom1 he said softly to himself as  
he looked round1 and he prepared to go  
to sleep2 but just as he was putting his
 head under his wing a large drop of    
water fell on him4 ,what a curious      
thing6 he cried2 there is not a single  
cloud in the sky1 the stars are quite   
clear and bright1 and yet it is raining4
 ,the climate in the north of ,europe is
 really dreadful4 ,the ,reed used to    
like the rain1 but that was merely her  
selfishness4  ,then another drop fell4  
,what is the use of a statue if it      
cannot keep the rain off8 he said2 ,i   
must look for a good chimney-pot1 and he

 determined to fly away4  ,but before he
 had opened his wings1 a third drop     
fell1 and he looked up1 and saw--,ah6   
what did he see8  ,the eyes of the      
,happy ,prince were filled with tears1  
and tears were running down his golden  
cheeks4 ,his face was so beautiful in   
the moonlight that the little ,swallow  
was filled with pity4  ,who are you8 he 
said4  ,i am the ,happy ,prince4  ,why  
are you weeping then8 asked the         
,swallow2 you have quite drenched me4   
,when ,i was alive and had a human      
heart1 answered the statue1 ,i did not  
know what tears were1 for ,i lived in   
the ,palace of ,sans-,souci1 where      
sorrow is not allowed to enter4 ,in the 
daytime ,i played with my companions in 
the garden1 and in the evening ,i led   
the dance in the ,great ,hall4 ,round   
the garden ran a very lofty wall1 but ,i
 never cared to ask what lay beyond it1 
everything about me was so beautiful4   
,my courtiers called me the ,happy      
,prince1 and happy indeed ,i was1 if    

pleasure be happiness4 ,so ,i lived1 and
 so ,i died4 ,and now that ,i am dead   
they have set me up here so high that ,i
 can see all the ugliness and all the   
misery of my city1 and though my heart  
is made of lead yet ,i cannot choose but
 weep4  ,what6 is he not solid gold8    
said the ,swallow to himself4 ,he was   
too polite to make any personal remarks 
out loud4  ,far away1 continued the     
statue in a low musical voice1 far away 
in a little street there is a poor      
house4 ,one of the windows is open1 and 
through it ,i can see a woman seated at 
a table4 ,her face is thin and worn1 and
 she has coarse1 red hands1 all pricked 
by the needle1 for she is a seamstress4 
,she is embroidering passion-flowers on 
a satin gown for the loveliest of the   
,queen's maids-of-honor to wear at the  
next ,court-ball4 ,in a bed in the      
corner of the room her little boy is    
lying ill4 ,he has a fever1 and is      
asking for oranges4 ,his mother has     
nothing to give him but river water1 so 

he is crying4 ,swallow1 ,swallow1 little
 ,swallow1 will you not take her the    
ruby out of my sword-hilt8 ,my feet are 
fastened to this pedestal and ,i cannot 
move4  ,i am waited for in ,egypt1 said 
the ,swallow4 ,my friends are flying up 
and down the ,nile1 and talking to the  
large lotus-flowers4 ,soon they will go 
to sleep in the tomb of the great ,king4
 ,the ,king is there himself in his     
painted coffin4 ,he is wrapped in yellow
 linen1 and embalmed with spices4 ,round
 his neck is a chain of pale green jade1
 and his hands are like withered leaves4
  ,swallow1 ,swallow1 little ,swallow1  
said the ,prince1 will you not stay with
 me for one night1 and be my messenger8 
,the boy is so thirsty1 and the mother  
so sad4  ,i don't think ,i like boys1   
answered the ,swallow4 ,last summer1    
when ,i was staying on the river1 there 
were two rude boys1 the miller's sons1  
who were always throwing stones at me4  
,they never hit me1 of course2 we       
swallows fly far too well for that1 and 

besides1 ,i come of a family famous for 
its agility2 but still1 it was a mark of
 disrespect4  ,but the ,happy ,prince   
looked so sad that the little ,swallow  
was sorry4 ,it is very cold here1 he    
said2 but ,i will stay with you for one 
night1 and be your messenger4  ,thank   
you1 little ,swallow1 said the ,prince4 
,so the ,swallow picked out the great   
ruby from the ,prince's sword1 and flew 
away with it in his beak over the roofs 
of the town4  ,he passed by the         
cathedral tower1 where the white marble 
angels were sculptured4 ,he passed by   
the palace and heard the sound of       
dancing4 ,a beautiful girl came out on  
the balcony with her lover4 ,how        
wonderful the stars are1 he said to her1
 and how wonderful is the power of love6
  ,i hope my dress will be ready in time
 for the ,state-ball1 she answered2 ,i  
have ordered passion-flowers to be      
embroidered on it2 but the seamstresses 
are so lazy4  ,he passed over the river1
 and saw the lanterns hanging to the    

masts of the ships4 ,he passed over the 
,ghetto1 and saw the old ,jews          
bargaining with each other1 and weighing
 out money in copper scales4 ,at last he
 came to the poor house and looked in4  
,the boy was tossing feverishly on his  
bed1 and the mother had fallen asleep1  
she was so tired4 ,in he hopped1 and    
laid the great ruby on the table beside 
the woman's thimble4 ,then he flew      
gently round the bed1 fanning the boy's 
forehead with his wings4 ,how cool ,i   
feel1 said the boy4 ,i must be getting  
better2 and he sank into a delicious    
slumber4  ,then the ,swallow flew back  
to the ,happy ,prince1 and told him what
 he had done4 ,it is curious1 he        
remarked1 but ,i feel quite warm now1   
although it is so cold4  ,that is       
because you have done a good action1    
said the ,prince4 ,and the little       
,swallow began to think1 and then he    
fell asleep4 ,thinking always made him  
sleepy4  ,when day broke he flew down to
 the river and had a bath4 ,what a      

remarkable phenomenon1 said the         
,professor of ,ornithology as he was    
passing over the bridge4 ,a swallow in  
winter6 ,and he wrote a long letter     
about it to the local newspaper4 ,every 
one quoted it1 it was full of so many   
words that they could not understand4   
,to-night ,i go to ,egypt1 said the     
,swallow1 and he was in high spirits at 
the prospect4 ,he visited all the public
 monuments1 and sat a long time on top  
of the church steeple4 ,wherever he went
 the ,sparrows chirruped1 and said to   
each other1 ,what a distinguished       
stranger6 so he enjoyed himself very    
much4  ,when the moon rose he flew back 
to the ,happy ,prince4 ,have you any    
commissions for ,egypt8 he cried2 ,i am 
just starting4  ,swallow1 ,swallow1     
little ,swallow1 said the ,prince1 will 
you not stay with me one night longer8  
,i am waited for in ,egypt1 answered the
 ,swallow4 ,to-morrow my friends will   
fly up to the ,second ,cataract4 ,the   
river-horse couches there among the     

bulrushes1 and on a great granite throne
 sits the ,god ,memnon4 ,all night long 
he watches the stars1 and when the      
morning star shines he utters one cry of
 joy1 and then he is silent4 ,at noon   
the yellow lions come down to the       
water's edge to drink4 ,they have eyes  
like green beryls1 and their roar is    
louder than the roar of the cataract4   
,swallow1 ,swallow1 little ,swallow1    
said the ,prince1 far away across the   
city ,i see a young man in a garret4 ,he
 is leaning over a desk covered with    
papers1 and in a tumbler by his side    
there is a bunch of withered violets4   
,his hair is brown and crisp1 and his   
lips are red as a pomegranate1 and he   
has large and dreamy eyes4 ,he is trying
 to finish a play for the ,director of  
the ,theatre1 but he is too cold to     
write any more4 ,there is no fire in the
 grate1 and hunger has made him faint4  
,i will wait with you one night longer1 
said the ,swallow1 who really had a good
 heart4 ,shall ,i take him another ruby8

  ,alas6 ,i have no ruby now1 said the  
,prince2 my eyes are all that ,i have   
left4 ,they are made of rare sapphires1 
which were brought out of ,india a      
thousand years ago4 ,pluck out one of   
them and take it to him4 ,he will sell  
it to the jeweller1 and buy food and    
firewood1 and finish his play4  ,dear   
,prince1 said the ,swallow1 ,i cannot do
 that2 and he began to weep4  ,swallow1 
,swallow1 little ,swallow1 said the     
,prince1 do as ,i command you4  ,so the 
,swallow plucked out the ,prince's eye1 
and flew away to the student's garret4  
,it was easy enough to get in1 as there 
was a hole in the roof4 ,through this he
 darted1 and came into the room4 ,the   
young man had his head buried in his    
hands1 so he did not hear the flutter of
 the bird's wings1 and when he looked up
 he found the beautiful sapphire lying  
on the withered violets4  ,i am         
beginning to be appreciated1 he cried2  
this is from some great admirer4 ,now ,i
 can finish my play1 and he looked quite

 happy4  ,the next day the ,swallow flew
 down to the harbor4 ,he sat on the mast
 of a large vessel and watched the      
sailors hauling big chests out of the   
hold with ropes4 ,heave a-hoy6 they     
shouted as each chest came up4 ,i am    
going to ,egypt6 cried the ,swallow1 but
 nobody minded1 and when the moon rose  
he flew back to the ,happy ,prince4  ,i 
am come to bid you good-bye1 he cried4  
,swallow1 ,swallow1 little ,swallow1    
said the ,prince1 will you not stay with
 me one night longer8  ,it is winter1   
answered the ,swallow1 and the chill    
snow will soon be here4 ,in ,egypt the  
sun is warm on the green palm-trees1 and
 the crocodiles lie in the mud and look 
lazily about them4 ,my companions are   
building a nest in the ,temple of       
,baalbec1 and the pink and white doves  
are watching them1 and cooing to each   
other4 ,dear ,prince1 ,i must leave you1
 but ,i will never forget you1 and next 
spring ,i will bring you back two       
beautiful jewels in place of those you  

have given away4 ,the ruby shall be     
redder than a red rose1 and the sapphire
 shall be as blue as the great sea4  ,in
 the square below1 said the ,happy      
,prince1 there stands a little          
match-girl4 ,she has let her matches    
fall in the gutter1 and they are all    
spoiled4 ,her father will beat her if   
she does not bring home some money1 and 
she is crying4 ,she has no shoes or     
stockings1 and her little head is bare4 
,pluck out my other eye1 and give it to 
her1 and her father will not beat her4  
,i will stay with you one night longer1 
said the ,swallow1 but ,i cannot pluck  
out your eye4 ,you would be quite blind 
then4  ,swallow1 ,swallow1 little       
,swallow1 said the ,prince1 do as ,i    
command you4  ,so he plucked out the    
,prince's other eye1 and darted down    
with it4 ,he swooped past the           
match-girl1 and slipped the jewel into  
the palm of her hand4 ,what a lovely bit
 of glass1 cried the little girl2 and   
she ran home1 laughing4  ,then the      

,swallow came back to the ,prince4 ,you 
are blind now1 he said1 so ,i will stay 
with you always4  ,no1 little ,swallow1 
said the poor ,prince1 you must go away 
to ,egypt4  ,i will stay with you       
always1 said the ,swallow1 and he slept 
at the ,prince's feet4  ,all the next   
day he sat on the ,prince's shoulder1   
and told him stories of what he had seen
 in strange lands4 ,he told him of the  
red ibises1 who stand in long rows on   
the banks of the ,nile1 and catch       
goldfish in their beaks2 of the ,sphinx1
 who is as old as the world itself1 and 
lives in the desert1 and knows          
everything2 of the merchants1 who walk  
slowly by the side of their camels1 and 
carry amber beads in their hands2 of the
 ,king of the ,mountains of the ,moon1  
who is as black as ebony1 and worships a
 large crystal2 of the great green snake
 that sleeps in a palm-tree1 and has    
twenty priests to feed it with          
honey-cakes2 and of the pygmies who sail
 over a big lake on large flat leaves1  

and are always at war with the          
butterflies4  ,dear little ,swallow1    
said the ,prince1 you tell me of        
marvelous things1 but more marvelous    
than anything is the suffering of men   
and of women4 ,there is no ,mystery so  
great as ,misery4 ,fly over my city1    
little ,swallow1 and tell me what you   
see there4  ,so the ,swallow flew over  
the great city1 and saw the rich making 
merry in their beautiful houses1 while  
the beggars were sitting at the gates4  
,he flew into dark lanes1 and saw the   
white faces of starving children looking
 out listlessly at the black streets4   
,under the archway of a bridge two      
little boys were lying in one another's 
arms to try to keep themselves warm4    
,how hungry we are6 they said4 ,you must
 not lie here1 shouted the ,watchman1   
and they wandered out into the rain4    
,then he flew back and told the ,prince 
what he had seen4  ,i am covered with   
fine gold1 said the ,prince2 you must   
take it off1 leaf by leaf1 and give it  

to my poor2 the living always think that
 gold can make them happy4  ,leaf after 
leaf of the fine gold the ,swallow      
picked off1 till the ,happy ,prince     
looked quite dull and grey4 ,leaf after 
leaf of the fine gold he brought to the 
poor1 and the children's faces grew     
rosier1 and they laughed and played     
games in the street4 ,we have bread now6
 they cried4  ,then the snow came1 and  
after the snow came the frost4 ,the     
streets looked as if they were made of  
silver1 they were so bright and         
glistening2 long icicles like crystal   
daggers hung down from the eaves of the 
houses1 everybody went about in furs1   
and the little boys wore scarlet caps   
and skated on the ice4  ,the poor little
 ,swallow grew colder and colder1 but he
 would not leave the ,prince2 he loved  
him too well4 ,he picked up crumbs      
outside the baker's door when the baker 
was not looking1 and tried to keep      
himself warm by flapping his wings4     
,but at last he knew that he was going  

to die4 ,he had just strength to fly up 
to the ,prince's shoulder once more4    
,good-bye1 dear ,prince6 he murmured1   
will you let me kiss your hand8  ,i am  
glad that you are going to ,egypt at    
last1 little ,swallow1 said the ,prince4
 ,you have stayed too long here2 but you
 must kiss me on the lips1 for ,i love  
you4  ,it is not to ,egypt that ,i am   
going1 said the ,swallow4 ,i am going to
 the ,house of ,death4 ,death is the    
brother of ,sleep1 is he not8  ,and he  
kissed the ,happy ,prince on the lips1  
and fell down dead at his feet4  ,at    
that moment a curious crack sounded     
inside the statue1 as if something had  
suddenly broken4 ,the fact is that the  
leaden heart had snapped right in two4  
,it certainly was a dreadfully hard     
frost4  ,early the next morning the     
,mayor was walking in the square below  
in company with the ,town ,councillors4 
,as they passed the column he looked up 
at the statue3 ,dear me6 how shabby the 
,happy ,prince looks6 he said4  ,how    

shabby indeed6 cried the ,town          
,councillors1 who always agreed with the
 ,mayor2 and they went up to look at it4
  ,the ruby has fallen out of his sword1
 his eyes are gone1 and he is golden no 
longer1 said the ,mayor2 in fact1 he is 
little better than a beggar6  ,little   
better than a beggar1 said the ,town    
,councillors4  ,and here is actually a  
dead bird at his feet6 continued the    
,mayor4 ,we must really issue a         
proclamation that birds are not to be   
allowed to die here4 ,and the ,town     
,clerk made a note of the suggestion4   
,so they pulled down the statue of the  
,happy ,prince4 ,as he is no longer     
beautiful he is no longer useful1 said  
the ,art ,professor at the ,university4 
,then they melted the statue in a       
furnace1 and the ,mayor held a meeting  
of the ,corporation to decide what was  
to be done with the metal4 ,we must have
 another statue1 of course1 he said1 and
 it shall be a statue of myself4  ,of   
myself1 said each of the ,town          

,councillors1 and they quarrelled4 ,when
 ,i last heard of them they were        
quarreling still4  ,what a strange      
thing6 said the overseer of the workmen 
at the foundry4 ,this broken lead heart 
will not melt in the furnace4 ,we must  
throw it away4 ,so they threw it on a   
dustheap where the dead ,swallow was    
also lying4  ,bring me the two most     
precious things in the city1 said ,god  
to one of ,his ,angels2 and the ,angel  
brought ,him the leaden heart and the   
dead bird4  ,you have rightly chosen1   
said ,god1 for in my garden of ,paradise
 this little bird shall sing for        
evermore1 and in my city of gold the    
,happy ,prince shall praise me4    #bja 
,two stories of unusual interest and    
charm for         children are found in 
the collection of eleven         by     
,raymond ,m4 ,alden 7#ahgc--71 ,why the 
,chimes         ,rang4 ,one is the title
 story of the volume2         the other 
is ,the ,knights of the ,silver         
,shield4 ,the latter follows by         

permission of         the publishers1   
,the ,bobbs-,merrill ,co41              
,indianapolis4 7,copyright1 #aijf1      
#aijh47 ,it is of         striking      
dramatic interest and emphasizes a      
much-needed quality of character1 the   
importance of a loyal performance of the
         lowlier duties of life4 ,the   
salvation of a         nation may depend
 upon the humble guardian of         the
 gate quite as much as upon those who   
are         engaged in the more         
spectacular struggle with               
giants4 ,mr4 ,alden is a scholarly      
professor of         literature in      
,leland ,stanford ,jr4 ,university1     
and it may interest the reader to know  
that he         is the son of the author
 of the ,pansy ,books1         a type of
 religious or ,sunday-school fiction    
widely read throughout the country by a 
generation or two of young people4      
,,the ,,knights ,,of ,,the ,,silver     
,,shield  ,,raymond ,,macdonald ,,alden 
,there was once a splendid castle in a  

forest1 with great stone walls and a    
high gateway1 and turrets that rose away
 above the tallest trees4 ,the forest   
was dark and dangerous1 and many cruel  
giants lived in it2 but in the castle   
was a company of knights1 who were kept 
there by the king of the country1 to    
help travelers who might be in the      
forest and to fight with the giants     
whenever they could4  ,each of these    
knights wore a beautiful suit of armor  
and carried a long spear1 while over his
 helmet there floated a great red plume 
that could be seen a long way off by any
 one in distress4 ,but the most         
wonderful thing about the knights' armor
 was their shields4 ,they were not like 
those of other knights1 but had been    
made by a great magician who had lived  
in the castle many years before4 ,they  
were made of silver1 and sometimes shone
 in the sunlight with dazzling          
brightness2 but at other times the      
surface of the shields would be clouded 
as though by a mist1 and one could not  

see his face reflected there as he could
 when they shone brightly4  ,now1 when  
each young knight received his spurs and
 his armor1 a new shield was also given 
him from among those that the magician  
had made2 and when the shield was new   
its surface was always cloudy and dull4 
,but as the knight began to do service  
against the giants1 or went on          
expeditions to help poor travelers in   
the forest1 his shield grew brighter and
 brighter1 so that he could see his face
 clearly reflected in it4 ,but if he    
proved to be a lazy or cowardly knight1 
and let the giants get the better of    
him1 or did not care what became of the 
travelers1 then the shield grew more and
 more cloudy1 until the knight became   
ashamed to carry it4  ,but this was not 
all4 ,when any one of the knights fought
 a particularly hard battle1 and won the
 victory1 or when he went on some hard  
errand for the lord of the castle1 and  
was successful1 not only did his silver 
shield grow brighter1 but when one      

looked into the center of it he could   
see something like a golden star shining
 in its very heart4 ,this was the       
greatest honor that a knight could      
achieve1 and the other knights always   
spoke of such a one as having won his   
star4 ,it was usually not till he was   
pretty old and tried as a soldier that  
he could win it4 ,at the time when this 
story begins1 the lord of the castle    
himself was the only one of the knights 
whose shield bore the golden star4      
,there came a time when the worst of the
 giants in the forest gathered          
themselves together to have a battle    
against the knights4 ,they made a camp  
in a dark hollow not far from the       
castle1 and gathered all their best     
warriors together1 and all the knights  
made ready to fight them4 ,the windows  
of the castle were closed and barred2   
the air was full of the noise of armor  
being made ready for use2 and the       
knights were so excited that they could 
scarcely rest or eat4  ,now there was a 

young knight in the castle1 named ,sir  
,roland1 who was among those most eager 
for the battle4 ,he was a splendid      
warrior1 with eyes that shone like stars
 whenever there was anything to do in   
the way of knightly deeds4 ,and although
 he was still quite young1 his shield   
had begun to shine enough to show       
plainly that he had done bravely in some
 of his errands through the forest4     
,this battle1 he thought1 would be the  
great opportunity of his life4 ,and on  
the morning of the day when they were to
 go forth to it1 and all the knights    
assembled in the great hall of the      
castle to receive the commands of their 
leaders1 ,sir ,roland hoped that he     
would be put in the most dangerous place
 of all1 so that he could show what     
knightly stuff he was made of4  ,but    
when the lord of the castle came to him1
 as he went about in full armor giving  
his commands1 he said3 ,one brave knight
 must stay behind and guard the gateway 
of the castle1 and it is you1 ,sir      

,roland1 being one of the youngest1 whom
 ,i have chosen for this4  ,at these    
words ,sir ,roland was so disappointed  
that he bit his lip and closed his      
helmet over his face so that the other  
knights might not see it4 ,for a moment 
he felt as if he must reply angrily to  
the commander and tell him that it was  
not right to leave so sturdy a knight   
behind when he was eager to fight4 ,but 
he struggled against this feeling and   
went quietly to look after his duties at
 the gate4 ,the gateway was high and    
narrow1 and was reached from outside by 
a high1 narrow bridge that crossed the  
moat1 which surrounded the castle on    
every side4 ,when an enemy approached1  
the knight on guard rang a great bell   
just inside the gate1 and the bridge was
 drawn up against the castle wall1 so   
that no one could come across the moat4 
,so the giants had long ago given up    
trying to attack the castle itself4     
,to-day the battle was to be in the dark
 hollow in the forest1 and it was not   

likely that there would be anything to  
do at the castle gate1 except to watch  
it like a common doorkeeper4 ,it was not
 strange that ,sir ,roland thought some 
one else might have done this4          
,presently all the other knights marched
 out in their flashing armor1 their red 
plumes waving over their heads1 and     
their spears in their hands4 ,the lord  
of the castle stopped only to tell ,sir 
,roland to keep guard over the gate     
until they had all returned and to let  
no one enter4 ,then they went into the  
shadows of the forest and were soon lost
 to sight4  ,sir ,roland stood looking  
after them long after they had gone1    
thinking how happy he would be if he    
were on the way to battle like them4    
,but after a little he put this out of  
his mind and tried to think of          
pleasanter things4 ,it was a long time  
before anything happened1 or any word   
came from the battle4  ,at last ,sir    
,roland saw one of the knights come     
limping down the path to the castle1 and

 he went out on the bridge to meet him4 
,now this knight was not a brave one1   
and he had been frightened away as soon 
as he was wounded4  ,i have been hurt1  
he said1 so that ,i can not fight any   
more4 ,but ,i could watch the gate for  
you1 if you would like to go back in my 
place4  ,at first ,sir ,roland's heart  
leaped with joy at this1 but then he    
remembered what the commander had told  
him on going away1 and he said3  ,i     
should like to go1 but a knight belongs 
where his commander has put him4 ,my    
place is here at the gate1 and ,i can   
not open it even for you4 ,your place is
 at the battle4  ,the knight was ashamed
 when he heard this1 and he presently   
turned about and went into the forest   
again4  ,so ,sir ,roland kept guard     
silently for another hour4 ,then there  
came an old beggar woman down the path  
to the castle and asked ,sir ,roland if 
she might come in and have some food4   
,he told her that no one could enter the
 castle that day1 but that he would send

 a servant out to her with food1 and    
that she might sit and rest as long as  
she would4  ,i have been past the hollow
 in the forest where the battle is going
 on1 said the old woman1 while she was  
waiting for her food4  ,and how do you  
think it is going8 asked ,sir ,roland4  
,badly for the knights1 ,i am afraid1   
said the old woman4 ,the giants are     
fighting as they have never fought      
before4 ,i should think you had better  
go and help your friends4  ,i should    
like to1 indeed1 said ,sir ,roland4 ,but
 ,i am set to guard the gateway of the  
castle and can not leave4  ,one fresh   
knight would make a great difference    
when they are all weary with fighting1  
said the old woman4 ,i should think     
that1 while there are no enemies about1 
you would be much more useful there4    
,you may well think so1 said ,sir       
,roland1 and so may ,i2 but it is       
neither you nor ,i that is commander    
here4  ,i suppose1 said the old woman   
then1 that you are one of the kind of   

knights who like to keep out of         
fighting4 ,you are lucky to have so good
 an excuse for staying at home4 ,and she
 laughed a thin and taunting laugh4     
,then ,sir ,roland was very angry1 and  
thought that if it were only a man      
instead of a woman1 he would show him   
whether he liked fighting or no4 ,but as
 it was a woman1 he shut his lips and   
set his teeth hard together1 and as the 
servant came just then with the food he 
had sent for1 he gave it to the old     
woman quickly and shut the gate that she
 might not talk to him any more4  ,it   
was not very long before he heard some  
one calling outside4 ,sir ,roland opened
 the gate and saw standing at the other 
end of the drawbridge a little old man  
in a long black cloak4 ,why are you     
knocking here8 he said4 ,the castle is  
closed to-day4  ,are you ,sir ,roland8  
said the little old man4  ,yes1 said    
,sir ,roland4  ,then you ought not to be
 staying here when your commander and   
his knights are having so hard a        

struggle with the giants1 and when you  
have the chance to make of yourself the 
greatest knight in this kingdom4 ,listen
 to me6 ,i have brought you a magic     
sword4  ,as he said this1 the old man   
drew from under his coat a wonderful    
sword that flashed in the sunlight as if
 it were covered with diamonds4 ,this is
 the sword of all swords1 he said1 and  
it is for you1 if you will leave your   
idling here by the castle gate and carry
 it to the battle4 ,nothing can stand   
before it4 ,when you lift it the giants 
will fall back1 your master will be     
saved1 and you will be crowned the      
victorious knight--the one who will soon
 take his commander's place as lord of  
the castle4  ,now ,sir ,roland believed 
that it was a magician who was speaking 
to him1 for it certainly appeared to be 
a magic sword4 ,it seemed so wonderful  
that the sword should be brought to him1
 that he reached out his hand as though 
he would take it1 and the little old man
 came forward1 as though he would cross 

the drawbridge into the castle4 ,but as 
he did so1 it came to ,sir ,roland's    
mind again that that bridge and the     
gateway had been intrusted to him1 and  
he called out ,no6 to the old man1 so   
that he stopped where he was standing4  
,but he waved the shining sword in the  
air again1 and said3 ,it is for you6    
,take it1 and win the victory6  ,sir    
,roland was really afraid that if he    
looked any longer at the sword or       
listened to any more words of the old   
man1 he would not be able to hold       
himself within the castle4 ,for this    
reason he struck the great bell at the  
gateway1 which was the signal for the   
servants inside to pull in the chains of
 the drawbridge1 and instantly they     
began to pull1 and the drawbridge came  
up1 so that the old man could not cross 
it to enter the castle1 nor ,sir ,roland
 to go out4  ,then1 as he looked across 
the moat1 ,sir ,roland saw a wonderful  
thing4 ,the little old man threw off his
 black cloak1 and as he did so he began 

to grow bigger and bigger1 until in a   
minute more he was a giant as tall as   
any in the forest4 ,at first ,sir       
,roland could scarcely believe his eyes4
 ,then he realized that this must be one
 of their giant enemies1 who had changed
 himself to a little old man through    
some magic power1 that he might make his
 way into the castle while all the      
knights were away4 ,sir ,roland         
shuddered to think what might have      
happened if he had taken the sword and  
left the gate unguarded4 ,the giant     
shook his fist across the moat that lay 
between them1 and then1 knowing that he 
could do nothing more1 he went angrily  
back into the forest4  ,sir ,roland now 
resolved not to open the gate again1 and
 to pay no attention to any other       
visitor4 ,but it was not long before he 
heard a sound that made him spring      
forward in joy4 ,it was the bugle of the
 lord of the castle1 and there came     
sounding after it the bugles of many of 
the knights that were with him1 pealing 

so joyfully that ,sir ,roland was sure  
they were safe and happy4 ,as they came 
nearer1 he could hear their shouts of   
victory4 ,so he gave the signal to let  
down the drawbridge again1 and went out 
to meet them4 ,they were dusty and      
bloodstained and weary1 but they had won
 the battle with the giants2 and it had 
been such a great victory that there had
 never been a happier home-coming4  ,sir
 ,roland greeted them all as they passed
 in over the bridge1 and then1 when he  
had closed the gate and fastened it1 he 
followed them into the great hall of the
 castle4 ,the lord of the castle took   
his place on the highest seat1 with the 
other knights about him1 and ,sir       
,roland came forward with the key of the
 gate1 to give his account of what he   
had done in the place to which the      
commander had appointed him4 ,the lord  
of the castle bowed to him as a sign for
 him to begin1 but just as he opened his
 mouth to speak1 one of the knights     
cried out3  ,the shield6 the shield6    

,sir ,roland's shield6  ,every one      
turned and looked at the shield which   
,sir ,roland carried on his left arm4   
,he himself could see only the top of it
 and did not know what they could mean4 
,but what they saw was the golden star  
of knighthood1 shining brightly from the
 center of ,sir ,roland's shield4 ,there
 had never been such amazement in the   
castle before4  ,sir ,roland knelt      
before the lord of the castle to receive
 his commands4 ,he still did not know   
why every one was looking at him so     
excitedly1 and wondered if he had in    
some way done wrong4  ,speak1 ,sir      
,knight1 said the commander1 as soon as 
he could find his voice after his       
surprise1 and tell us all that has      
happened to-day at the castle4 ,have you
 been attacked8 ,have any giants come   
hither8 ,did you fight them alone8  ,no1
 my ,lord1 said ,sir ,roland4 ,only one 
giant has been here1 and he went away   
silently when he found he could not     
enter4  ,then he told all that had      

happened through the day4  ,when he had 
finished1 the knights all looked at one 
another1 but no one spoke a word4 ,then 
they looked again at ,sir ,roland's     
shield1 to make sure that their eyes had
 not deceived them1 and there the golden
 star was still shining4  ,after a      
little silence the lord of the castle   
spoke4  ,men make mistakes1 he said1 but
 our silver shields are never mistaken4 
,sir ,roland has fought and won the     
hardest battle of all to-day4  ,then the
 others all rose and saluted ,sir       
,roland1 who was the youngest knight    
that ever carried the golden star4      
#bjb          ,jean ,ingelow            
7#ahbj-ahig7 was an ,english poet1      
novelist1 and writer of stories for     
children1         who lived in the fen  
district of ,lincolnshire4         ,her 
most noted poem deals with a terrible   
catastrophe that happened there more    
than three         centuries ago4 ,it is
 called ,the ,high ,tide on         the 
,coast of ,lincolnshire4 ,many reading  

books         for the third or fourth   
grade contain her         dainty and    
melodious ,seven ,times ,one1 in        
which a little girl expresses the joy   
and sense         of power felt on      
reaching a seventh birthday4         ,of
 her children's books1 the favorite is  
,mopsa         the ,fairy1 which some   
one has called a         delightful     
succession of breezy                    
impossibilities4 ,her shorter stories   
for         children are collected under
 the title ,stories         ,told to a  
,child 7two series71 from which ,the    
,prince's ,dream is taken4 ,it is       
somewhat old         fashioned in method
 and style1 reminding one of         the
 stories of the days of ,addison and    
,steele4         ,its seriousness is in 
striking contrast with         the more 
flippant note in much modern writing    
for children1 and it is sure to suggest 
some         questions on the dangers   
and advantages of         great         
possessions in their effects on labor1  

liberty1 and human happiness in general4
         ,however1 the moral will take  
care of itself1         and the         
attention should rest on the means used 
by the old man to teach the young prince
 the         things he is shut out from 
learning by         experience4 ,the    
children will easily see that         it
 is an anticipation of the              
moving-picture         method4 ,some    
other good stories in the               
collection mentioned are ,i ,have a     
,right1 ,the         ,fairy ,who ,judged
 ,her ,neighbors1 and ,anselmo4   ,,the 
,,prince',s ,,dream  ,,jean ,,ingelow   
,if we may credit the fable1 there is a 
tower in the midst of a great ,asiatic  
plain1 wherein is confined a prince who 
was placed there in his earliest        
infancy1 with many slaves and           
attendants1 and all the luxuries that   
are compatible with imprisonment4       
,whether he was brought there from some 
motive of state1 whether to conceal him 
from enemies1 or to deprive him of      

rights1 has not transpired2 but it is   
certain that up to the date of this     
little history he had never set his foot
 outside the walls of that high tower1  
and that of the vast world without he   
knew only the green plains which        
surrounded it2 the flocks and the birds 
of that region were all his experience  
of living creatures1 and all the men he 
saw outside were shepherds4  ,and yet he
 was not utterly deprived of change1 for
 sometimes one of his attendants would  
be ordered away1 and his place would be 
supplied by a new one4 ,this fresh      
companion the prince would never weary  
of questioning1 and letting him talk of 
cities1 of ships1 of forests1 of        
merchandise1 of kings2 but though in    
turns they all tried to satisfy his     
curiosity1 they could not succeed in    
conveying very distinct notions to his  
mind2 partly because there was nothing  
in the tower to which they could compare
 the external world1 partly because1    
having chiefly lived lives of seclusion 

and indolence in ,eastern palaces1 they 
knew it only by hearsay themselves4  ,at
 length1 one day1 a venerable man of a  
noble presence was brought to the tower1
 with soldiers to guard him and slaves  
to attend him4 ,the prince was glad of  
his presence1 though at first he seldom 
opened his lips1 and it was manifest    
that confinement made him miserable4    
,with restless feet he would wander from
 window to window of the stone tower1   
and mount from story to story2 but mount
 as high as he would there was still    
nothing to be seen but the vast         
unvarying plain1 clothed with scanty    
grass1 and flooded with the glaring     
sunshine2 flocks and herds1 and         
shepherds1 moved across it sometimes1   
but nothing else1 not even a shadow1 for
 there was no cloud in the sky to cast  
one4  ,the old man1 however1 always     
treated the prince with respect1 and    
answered his questions with a great deal
 of patience1 till at length he found a 
pleasure in satisfying his curiosity1   

which so much pleased the young         
prisoner1 that1 as a great              
condescension1 he invited him to come   
out on the roof of the tower and drink  
sherbet with him in the cool of the     
evening1 and tell him of the country    
beyond the desert1 and what seas are    
like1 and mountains1 and towns4  ,i have
 learnt much from my attendants1 and    
know this world pretty well by hearsay1 
said the prince1 as they reclined on the
 rich carpet which was spread on the    
roof4  ,the old man smiled1 but did not 
answer2 perhaps because he did not care 
to undeceive his young companion1       
perhaps because so many slaves were     
present1 some of whom were serving them 
with fruit1 and others burning rich     
odors on a little chafing-dish that     
stood between them4  ,but there are some
 words to which ,i never could attach   
any particular meaning1 proceeded the   
prince1 as the slaves began to retire1  
and three in particular that my         
attendants cannot satisfy me upon1 or   

are reluctant to do so4  ,what words are
 those1 my prince8 asked the old man4   
,the prince turned on his elbow to be   
sure that the last slave had descended  
the tower stairs1 then replied--  ,o man
 of much knowledge1 the words are       
these--,labor1 and ,liberty1 and ,gold4 
,prince1 said the old man1 ,i do not    
wonder that it has been hard to make    
thee understand the first1 the nature of
 it1 and the cause why most men are born
 to it2 as for the second1 it would be  
treason for thee and me to do more than 
whisper it here1 and sigh for it when   
none are listening2 but the third need  
hardly puzzle thee1 thy hookah is bright
 with it2 all thy jewels are set in it2 
gold is inlaid in the ivory of thy bath2
 thy cup and thy dish are of gold1 and  
golden threads are wrought into thy     
raiment4  ,that is true1 replied the    
prince1 and if ,i had not seen and      
handled this gold1 perhaps ,i might not 
find its merits so hard to understand2  
but ,i possess it in abundance1 and it  

does not feed me1 nor make music for me1
 nor fan me when the sun is hot1 nor    
cause me to sleep when ,i am weary2     
therefore when my slaves have told me   
how merchants go out and brave the      
perilous wind and sea1 and live in the  
unstable ships1 and run risks from      
shipwreck and pirates1 and when1 having 
asked them why they have done this1 they
 have answered1 ',for gold1' ,i have    
found it hard to believe them2 and when 
they have told me how men have lied1 and
 robbed1 and deceived2 how they have    
murdered one another1 and leagued       
together to depose kings1 to oppress    
provinces1 and all for gold2 then ,i    
have said to myself1 either my slaves   
have combined to make me believe that   
which is not1 or this gold must be very 
different from the yellow stuff that    
this coin is made of1 this coin which is
 of no use but to have a hole pierced   
through it and hang to my girdle1 that  
it may tinkle when ,i walk4             
,notwithstanding1 said the old man1     

nothing can be done without gold2 for   
look you1 prince1 it is better than     
bread1 and fruit1 and music1 for it can 
buy them all1 since men love it1 and    
have agreed to exchange it for whatever 
they may need4  ,how so8 asked the      
prince4  ,if a man has many loaves he   
cannot eat them all1 answered the old   
man2 therefore he goes to his neighbor  
and says1 ',i have bread and thou hast a
 coin of gold--let us change'2 so he    
receives the gold and goes to another   
man1 saying1 ',thou hast two houses and 
,i have none2 lend me one of thy houses 
to live in1 and ,i will give thee my    
gold'2 thus again they change1 and he   
that has the gold says1 ',i have food   
enough and goods enough1 but ,i want a  
wife1 ,i will go to the merchant and get
 a marriage gift for her father1 and for
 it ,i will give him this gold4'  ,it is
 well1 said the prince2 but in time of  
drought1 if there is no bread in a city1
 can they make it of gold8  ,not so1    
answered the old man1 but they must send

 their gold to a city where there is    
food1 and bring that back instead of it4
  ,but if there was a famine all over   
the world1 asked the prince1 what would 
they do then8  ,why then1 and only then1
 said the old man1 they must starve1 and
 the gold would be nought1 for it can   
only be changed for that which is2 it   
cannot make that which is not4  ,and    
where do they get gold8 asked the       
prince2 is it the precious fruit of some
 rare tree1 or have they whereby they   
can draw it down from the sky at sunset8
  ,some of it1 said the old man1 they   
dig out of the ground4  ,then he told   
the prince of ancient rivers running    
through terrible deserts1 whose sands   
glitter1 with golden grains and are     
yellow in the fierce heat of the sun1   
and of dreary mines where the ,indian   
slaves work in gangs tied together1     
never seeing the light of day2 and      
lastly 7for he was a man of much        
knowledge1 and had traveled far71 he    
told him of the valley of the           

,sacramento in the ,new ,world1 and of  
those mountains where the people of     
,europe send their criminals1 and where 
now their free men pour forth to gather 
gold1 and dig for it as hard as if for  
life2 sitting up by it at night lest any
 should take it from them1 giving up    
houses and country1 and wife and        
children1 for the sake of a few feet of 
mud1 whence they dig clay that glitters 
as they wash it2 and how they sift it   
and rock it as patiently as if it were  
their own children in the cradle1 and   
afterwards carry it in their bosoms1 and
 forego on account of it safety and     
rest4  ,but1 prince1 he proceeded1      
observing that the young man was        
absorbed in his narrative1 if you would 
pass your word to me never to betray me1
 ,i would procure for you a sight of the
 external world1 and in a trance you    
should see those places where gold is   
dug1 and traverse those regions         
forbidden to your mortal footsteps4     
,upon this1 the prince threw himself at 

the old man's feet1 and promised        
heartily to observe the secrecy         
required1 and entreated that1 for       
however short time1 he might be suffered
 to see this wonderful world4  ,then1 if
 we may credit the story1 the old man   
drew nearer to the chafing-dish which   
stood between them1 and having fanned   
the dying embers in it1 cast upon them a
 certain powder and some herbs1 from    
whence as they burnt a peculiar smoke   
arose4 ,as their vapors spread1 he      
desired the prince to draw near and     
inhale them1 and then 7says the fable7  
when he should sleep he should find     
himself1 in his dream1 at whatever place
 he might desire1 with this strange     
advantage1 that he should see things in 
their truth and reality as well as in   
their outward shows4  ,so the prince1   
not without some fear1 prepared to obey2
 but first he drank his sherbet1 and    
handed over the golden cup to the old   
man by way of recompense2 then he       
reclined beside the chafing-dish and    

inhaled the heavy perfume till he became
 overpowered with sleep1 and sank down  
upon the carpet in a dream4  ,the prince
 knew not where he was1 but a green     
country was floating before him1 and he 
found himself standing in a marshy      
valley1 where a few wretched cottages   
were scattered here and there with no   
means of communication4 ,there was a    
river1 but it had overflowed its banks  
and made the central land impassable1   
the fences had been broken down by it1  
and the fields of corn laid low2 a few  
wretched peasants were wandering about  
there2 they looked half clad and half   
starved4 ,a miserable valley indeed6    
exclaimed the prince2 but as he said it 
a man came down from the hills with a   
great bag of gold in his hand4  ,this   
valley is mine1 said he to the people2  
,i have bought it for gold4 ,now make   
banks that the river may not overflow1  
and ,i will give you gold2 also make    
fences and plant fields1 and cover in   
the roofs of your houses1 and buy       

yourselves richer clothing4 ,so the     
people did so1 and as the gold got lower
 in the bag the valley grew fairer and  
greener1 till the prince exclaimed1 ,o  
gold1 ,i see your value now6 ,o         
wonderful1 beneficent gold6  ,but       
presently the valley melted away like a 
mist1 and the prince saw an army        
besieging a city2 he heard a general    
haranguing his soldiers to urge them on1
 and the soldiers shouting and battering
 the walls2 but shortly1 when the city  
was well-nigh taken1 he saw some men    
secretly throwing gold among the        
soldiers1 so much of it that they threw 
down their arms to pick it up1 and said 
that the walls were so strong that they 
could not throw them down4 ,o powerful  
gold6 thought the prince2 thou art      
stronger than the city walls6  ,after   
that it seemed to himself that he was   
walking about in a desert country1 and  
in his dream he thought1 ,now ,i know   
what labor is1 for ,i have seen it1 and 
its benefits2 and ,i know what liberty  

is1 for ,i have tasted it2 ,i can wander
 where ,i will1 and no man questions me2
 but gold is more strange to me than    
ever1 for ,i have seen it buy both      
liberty and labor4 ,shortly after this  
he saw a great crowd digging upon a     
barren hill1 and when he drew near he   
understood that he had reached the      
summit of his wishes1 and that he was to
 see the place where the gold came from4
  ,he came up and stood a long time     
watching the people as they toiled ready
 to faint in the sun1 so great was the  
labor of digging the gold4  ,he saw who 
had much and could not trust any one to 
help them to carry it1 binding it in    
bundles over their shoulders1 and       
bending and groaning under its weight2  
he saw others hide it in the ground1 and
 watch the place clothed in rags1 that  
none might suspect that they were rich2 
but some1 on the contrary1 who had dug  
up an unusual quantity1 he saw dancing  
and singing1 and vaunting their success1
 till robbers waylaid them when they    

slept1 and rifled their bundles and     
carried their golden sand away4  ,all   
these men are mad1 thought the prince1  
and this pernicious gold has made them  
so4  ,after this1 as he wandered here   
and there1 he saw groups of people      
smelting the gold under the shadow of   
the trees1 and he observed that a       
dancing1 quivering vapor rose up from   
it1 which dazzled their eyes1 and       
distorted everything that they looked   
at2 arraying it also in different colors
 from the true one4 ,he observed that   
this vapor from the gold caused all     
things to rock and reel before the eyes 
of those who looked through it1 and     
also1 by some strange affinity1 it drew 
their hearts towards those that carried 
much gold on their persons1 so that they
 called them good and beautiful2 it also
 caused them to see darkness and        
dullness in the faces of those who      
carried none4 ,this1 thought the prince1
 is very strange2 but not being able to 
explain it1 he went still further1 and  

there he saw more people4 ,each of these
 had adorned himself with a broad golden
 girdle1 and was sitting in the shade1  
while other men waited on them4  ,what  
ails these people8 he inquired of one   
who was looking on1 for he observed a   
peculiar air of weariness and dullness  
in their faces4 ,he was answered that   
the girdles were very tight and heavy1  
and being bound over the regions of the 
heart1 were supposed to impede its      
action1 and prevent it from beating     
high1 and also to chill the wearer1 as  
being of opaque material1 the warm      
sunshine of the earth could not get     
through to warm him4  ,why1 then1 do    
they not break them asunder1 exclaimed  
the prince1 and fling them away8  ,break
 them asunder6 cried the man2 why what a
 madman you must be2 they are made of   
the purest gold6  ,forgive my ignorance1
 replied the prince2 ,i am a stranger4  
,so he walked on1 for feelings of       
delicacy prevented him from gazing any  
longer at the men with the golden       

girdles2 but as he went he pondered on  
the misery he had seen1 and thought to  
himself that this golden sand did more  
mischief than all the poisons of the    
apothecary2 for it dazzled the eyes of  
some1 it strained the hearts of others1 
it bowed down the heads of many to the  
earth with its weight2 it was a sore    
labor to gather it1 and when it was     
gathered1 the robber might carry it     
away2 it would be a good thing1 he      
thought1 if there were none of it4      
,after this he came to a place where    
were sitting some aged widows and some  
orphan children of the gold-diggers1 who
 were helpless and destitute2 they were 
weeping and bemoaning themselves1 but   
stopped at the approach of a man1 whose 
appearance attracted the prince1 for he 
had a very great bundle of gold on his  
back1 and yet it did not bow him down at
 all2 his apparel was rich but he had no
 girdle on1 and his face was anything   
but sad4  ,sir1 said the prince to him1 
you have a great burden2 you are        

fortunate to be able to stand under it4 
,i could not do so1 he replied1 only    
that as ,i go on ,i keep lightening it2 
and as he passed each of the widows1 he 
threw gold to her1 and stooping down1   
hid pieces of it in the bosoms of the   
children4  ,you have no girdle1 said the
 prince4  ,i once had one1 answered the 
gold gatherer2 but it was so tight over 
my breast that my very heart grew cold  
under it1 and almost ceased to beat4    
,having a great quantity of gold on my  
back1 ,i felt almost at the last gasp2  
so ,i threw off my girdle and being on  
the bank of a river1 which ,i knew not  
how to cross1 ,i was about to fling it  
in1 ,i was so vexed6 ',but no1' thought 
,i1 'there are many people waiting here 
to cross besides myself4 ,i will make my
 girdle into a bridge1 and we will cross
 over on it4'  ,turn your girdle into a 
bridge6 exclaimed the prince doubtfully1
 for he did not quite understand4  ,the 
man explained himself4  ,and then1 sir1 
after that1 he continued1 ,i turned one 

half of my burden into bread1 and gave  
it to these poor people4 ,since then ,i 
have not been oppressed by its weight1  
however heavy it may have been2 for few 
men have a heavier one4 ,in fact1 ,i    
gather more from day to day4  ,as the   
man kept speaking1 he scattered his gold
 right and left with a cheerful         
countenance1 and the prince was about to
 reply1 when suddenly a great trembling 
under his feet made him fall to the     
ground4 ,the refining fires of the gold 
gatherers sprang up into flames1 and    
then went out2 night fell over          
everything on the earth1 and nothing was
 visible in the sky but the stars of the
 southern cross1 which were glittering  
above him4  ,it is past midnight1       
thought the prince1 for the stars of the
 cross begin to bend4  ,he raised       
himself upon his elbow1 and tried to    
pierce the darkness1 but could not4 ,at 
length a slender blue flame darted out1 
as from ashes in a chafing-dish1 and by 
the light of it he saw the strange      

pattern of his carpet and the cushions  
lying about4 ,he did not recognise them 
at first1 but presently he knew that he 
was lying in his usual place1 at the top
 of his tower4  ,wake up1 prince1 said  
the old man4  ,the prince sat up and    
sighed1 and the old man inquired what he
 had seen4  ,o man of much learning6    
answered the prince1 ,i have seen that  
this is a wonderful world2 ,i have seen 
the value of labor1 and ,i know the uses
 of it2 ,i have tasted the sweetness of 
liberty1 and am grateful1 though it was 
but in a dream2 but as for that other   
word that was so great a mystery to me1 
,i only know this1 that it must remain a
 mystery forever1 since ,i am fain to   
believe that all men are bent on getting
 it2 though1 once gotten1 it causeth    
them endless disquietude1 only second to
 their discomfort that are without it4  
,i am fain to believe that they can     
procure with it whatever they most      
desire1 and yet that it cankers their   
hearts and dazzles their eyes2 that it  

is their nature and their duty to gather
 it2 and yet that1 when once gathered1  
the best thing they can do is to scatter
 it6  ,alas6 the prince visited this    
wonderful world no more2 for the next   
morning1 when he awoke1 the old man was 
gone4 ,he had taken with him the golden 
cup which the prince had given him4 ,and
 the sentinel was also gone1 none knew  
whither4 ,perhaps the old man had turned
 his golden cup into a golden key4      
#bjc          ,few modern writers have  
given their readers         more genuine
 delight than ,frank ,r4 ,stockton      
7#ahcd-aijb74 ,the most absurd and      
illogical         situations and        
characters are presented with an        
air of such quiet sincerity that one    
refuses to         question the reality 
of it all4 ,rudder ,grange              
established his reputation in #ahgi1 and
 was         followed by a long list of 
stories of         delightfully         
impossible events4 ,for several         
years ,stockton was one of the editors  

of ,st4         ,nicholas1 and some of  
his stories for         children1 of    
first quality in both form and          
content1 deserve to be better known than
 they         are4 ,five of the best of 
them for school use         have been   
brought together in a little volume     
called ,fanciful ,tales4 ,one of these1 
,old         ,pipes and the ,dryad1 is  
given here by         permission of the 
publishers1 ,charles         ,scribner's
 ,sons1 ,new ,york4 7,copyright1 #ahid47
         ,this story is based upon the  
old mythical         belief that the    
trees are inhabited by guardian         
deities known as dryads1 or hamadryads4 
,to         injure a tree meant to      
injure its guardian         spirit and  
was almost certain to insure            
disaster for the guilty person4 ,on the 
other         hand1 to protect a tree   
would bring some token         of       
appreciation from the dryad4 ,a good    
introduction to the story would be the  
telling         of one or two of these  

tree myths as found in         ,gayley's
 ,classic ,myths or ,bulfinch's ,age of 
,fable4 ,a fine literary version of one 
of them         is in ,lowell's         
,rhoecus4 ,but the beautiful and        
kindly helpfulness of ,old ,pipes will  
carry its         own message whether   
one knows any mythology or         not4 
,,old ,,pipes ,,and ,,the ,,dryad       
,,frank ,r4 ,,stockton  ,a ,mountain    
brook ran through a little village4     
,over the brook there was a narrow      
bridge1 and from the bridge a foot-path 
led out from the village and up the     
hill-side1 to the cottage of ,old ,pipes
 and his mother4  ,for many1 many years 
,old ,pipes had been employed by the    
villagers to pipe the cattle down from  
the hills4 ,every afternoon1 an hour    
before sunset1 he would sit on a rock in
 front of his cottage and play on his   
pipes4 ,then all the flocks and herds   
that were grazing on the mountains would
 hear him1 wherever they might happen to
 be1 and would come down to the         

village--the cows by the easiest paths1 
the sheep by those not quite so easy1   
and the goats by the steep and rocky    
ways that were hardest of all4  ,but    
now1 for a year or more1 ,old ,pipes had
 not piped the cattle home4 ,it is true 
that every afternoon he sat upon the    
rock and played upon his pipes2 but the 
cattle did not hear him4 ,he had grown  
old1 and his breath was feeble4 ,the    
echoes of his cheerful notes1 which used
 to come from the rocky hill on the     
other side of the valley1 were heard no 
more2 and twenty yards from ,old ,pipes 
one could scarcely tell what tune he was
 playing4 ,he had become somewhat deaf1 
and did not know that the sound of his  
pipes was so thin and weak1 and that the
 cattle did not hear him4 ,the cows1 the
 sheep1 and the goats came down every   
afternoon as before2 but this was       
because two boys and a girl were sent up
 after them4 ,the villagers did not wish
 the good old man to know that his      
piping was no longer of any use2 so they

 paid him his little salary every month1
 and said nothing about the two boys and
 the girl4  ,old ,pipes's mother was1 of
 course1 a great deal older than he was1
 and was as deaf as a gate--post1 latch1
 hinges1 and all--and she never knew    
that the sound of her son's pipe did not
 spread over all the mountain-side and  
echo back strong and clear from the     
opposite hills4 ,she was very fond of   
,old ,pipes1 and proud of his piping2   
and as he was so much younger than she  
was1 she never thought of him as being  
very old4 ,she cooked for him1 and made 
his bed1 and mended his clothes2 and    
they lived very comfortably on his      
little salary4  ,one afternoon1 at the  
end of the month1 when ,old ,pipes had  
finished his piping1 he took his stout  
staff and went down the hill to the     
village to receive the money for his    
month's work4 ,the path seemed a great  
deal steeper and more difficult than it 
used to be2 and ,old ,pipes thought that
 it must have been washed by the rains  

and greatly damaged4 ,he remembered it  
as a path that was quite easy to        
traverse either up or down4 ,but ,old   
,pipes had been a very active man1 and  
as his mother was so much older than he 
was1 he never thought of himself as aged
 and infirm4  ,when the ,chief ,villager
 had paid him1 and he had talked a      
little with some of his friends1 ,old   
,pipes started to go home4 ,but when he 
had crossed the bridge over the brook1  
and gone a short distance up the        
hill-side1 he became very tired1 and sat
 down upon a stone4 ,he had not been    
sitting there half a minute1 when along 
came two boys and a girl4  ,children1   
said ,old ,pipes1 ,i'm very tired       
to-night1 and ,i don't believe ,i can   
climb up this steep path to my home4 ,i 
think ,i shall have to ask you to help  
me4  ,we will do that1 said the boys and
 the girl1 quite cheerfully2 and one boy
 took him by the right hand and the     
other by the left1 while the girl pushed
 him in the back4 ,in this way he went  

up the hill quite easily1 and soon      
reached his cottage door4 ,old ,pipes   
gave each of the three children a copper
 coin1 and then they sat down for a few 
minutes' rest before starting back to   
the village4  ,i'm sorry that ,i tired  
you so much1 said ,old ,pipes4  ,oh1    
that would not have tired us1 said one  
of the boys1 if we had not been so far  
to-day after the cows1 the sheep1 and   
the goats4 ,they rambled high up on the 
mountain1 and we never before had such a
 time in finding them4  ,had to go after
 the cows1 the sheep1 and the goats6    
exclaimed ,old ,pipes4 ,what do you mean
 by that8  ,the girl1 who stood behind  
the old man1 shook her head1 put her    
hand on her mouth1 and made all sorts of
 signs to the boy to stop talking on    
this subject2 but he did not notice her1
 and promptly answered ,old ,pipes4     
,why1 you see1 good sir1 said he1 that  
as the cattle can't hear your pipes now1
 somebody has to go after them every    
evening to drive them down from the     

mountain1 and the ,chief ,villager has  
hired us three to do it4 ,generally it  
is not very hard work1 but to-night the 
cattle had wandered far4  ,how long have
 you been doing this8 asked the old man4
  ,the girl shook her head and clapped  
her hand on her mouth as before1 but the
 boy went on4  ,i think it is about a   
year now1 he said1 since the people     
first felt sure that the cattle could   
not hear your pipes2 and from that time 
we've been driving them down4 ,but we   
are rested now1 and will go home4       
,good-night1 sir4  ,the three children  
then went down the hill1 the girl       
scolding the boy all the way home4 ,old 
,pipes stood silent a few moments1 and  
then he went into his cottage4  ,mother1
 he shouted1 did you hear what those    
children said8  ,children6 exclaimed the
 old woman2 ,i did not hear them4 ,i did
 not know there were any children here4 
,then ,old ,pipes told his              
mother--shouting very loudly to make her
 hear--how the two boys and the girl had

 helped him up the hill1 and what he had
 heard about his piping and the cattle4 
,they can't hear you8 cried his mother4 
,why1 what's the matter with the cattle8
  ,ah1 me6 said ,old ,pipes2 ,i don't   
believe there's anything the matter with
 the cattle4 ,it must be with me and my 
pipes that there is something the       
matter4 ,but one thing is certain3 if ,i
 do not earn the wages the ,chief       
,villager pays me1 ,i shall not take    
them4 ,i shall go straight down to the  
village and give back the money ,i      
received to-day4  ,nonsense6 cried his  
mother4 ,i'm sure you've piped as well  
as you could1 and no more can be        
expected4 ,and what are we to do without
 the money8  ,i don't know1 said ,old   
,pipes2 but ,i'm going down to the      
village to pay it back4  ,the sun had   
now set2 but the moon was shining very  
brightly on the hill-side1 and ,old     
,pipes could see his way very well4 ,he 
did not take the same path by which he  
had gone before1 but followed another1  

which led among the trees upon the      
hill-side1 and1 though longer1 was not  
so steep4  ,when he had gone about      
half-way1 the old man sat down to rest1 
leaning his back against a great oak    
tree4 ,as he did so1 he heard a sound   
like knocking inside the tree1 and then 
a voice said3  ,let me out6 let me out6 
,old ,pipes instantly forgot that he was
 tired1 and sprang to his feet4 ,this   
must be a ,dryad tree6 he exclaimed4 ,if
 it is1 ,i'll let her out4  ,old ,pipes 
had never1 to his knowledge1 seen a     
,dryad tree1 but he knew there were such
 trees on the hill-sides and the        
mountains1 and that ,dryads lived in    
them4 ,he knew1 too1 that in the summer 
time1 on those days when the moon rose  
before the sun went down1 a ,dryad could
 come out of her tree if any one could  
find the key which locked her in1 and   
turn it4 ,old ,pipes closely examined   
the trunk of the tree1 which stood in   
the full moonlight4 ,if ,i see that key1
 he said1 ,i shall surely turn it4      

,before long he found a piece of bark   
standing out from the tree1 which looked
 to him very much like the handle of a  
key4 ,he took hold of it1 and found he  
could turn it quite around4 ,as he did  
so1 a large part of the side of the tree
 was pushed open1 and a beautiful ,dryad
 stepped quickly out4  ,for a moment she
 stood motionless1 gazing on the scene  
before her--the tranquil valley1 the    
hills1 the forest1 and the              
mountain-side1 all lying in the soft    
clear light of the moon4 ,oh1 lovely6   
lovely6 she exclaimed4 ,how long it is  
since ,i have seen anything like this6  
,and then1 turning to ,old ,pipes1 she  
said3 ,how good of you to let me out6 ,i
 am so happy1 and so thankful1 that ,i  
must kiss you1 you dear old man6 ,and   
she threw her arms around the neck of   
,old ,pipes1 and kissed him on both     
cheeks4  ,you don't know1 she then went 
on to say1 how doleful it is to be shut 
up so long in a tree4 ,i don't mind it  
in the winter1 for then ,i am glad to be

 sheltered1 but in summer it is a rueful
 thing not to be able to see all the    
beauties of the world4 ,and it's ever so
 long since ,i've been let out4 ,people 
so seldom come this way2 and when they  
do come at the right time1 they either  
don't hear me or they are frightened and
 run away4 ,but you1 you dear old man1  
you were not frightened1 and you looked 
and looked for the key1 and you let me  
out2 and now ,i shall not have to go    
back till winter has come1 and the air  
grows cold4 ,oh1 it is glorious6 ,what  
can ,i do for you1 to show you how      
grateful ,i am8  ,i am very glad1 said  
,old ,pipes1 that ,i let you out1 since 
,i see that it makes you so happy2 but  
,i must admit that ,i tried to find the 
key because ,i had a great desire to see
 a ,dryad4 ,but1 if you wish to do      
something for me1 you can1 if you happen
 to be going down toward the village4   
,to the village6 exclaimed the ,dryad4  
,i will go anywhere for you1 my kind old
 benefactor4  ,well1 then1 said ,old    

,pipes1 ,i wish you would take this     
little bag of money to the ,chief       
,villager and tell him that ,old ,pipes 
cannot receive pay for the services     
which he does not perform4 ,it is now   
more than a year that ,i have not been  
able to make the cattle hear me1 when ,i
 piped to call them home4 ,i did not    
know this until to-night2 but now that  
,i know it1 ,i cannot keep the money1   
and so ,i send it back4 ,and1 handing   
the little bag to the ,dryad1 he bade   
her good-night1 and turned toward his   
cottage4  ,good-night1 said the ,dryad4 
,and ,i thank you over1 and over1 and   
over again1 you good old man6  ,old     
,pipes walked toward his home1 very glad
 to be saved the fatigue of going all   
the way down to the village and back    
again4 ,to be sure1 he said to himself1 
this path does not seem at all steep1   
and ,i can walk along it very easily2   
but it would have tired me dreadfully to
 come up all the way from the village1  
especially as ,i could not have expected

 those children to help me again4 ,when 
he reached home his mother was surprised
 to see him returning so soon4  ,what6  
she exclaimed2 have you already come    
back8 ,what did the ,chief ,villager    
say8 ,did he take the money8  ,old      
,pipes was just about to tell her that  
he had sent the money to the village by 
a ,dryad1 when he suddenly reflected    
that his mother would be sure to        
disapprove such a proceeding1 and so he 
merely said he had sent it by a person  
whom he had met4  ,and how do you know  
that the person will ever take it to the
 ,chief ,villager8 cried his mother4    
,you will lose it1 and the villagers    
will never get it4 ,oh1 ,pipes6 ,pipes6 
when will you be old enough to have     
ordinary common-sense8  ,old ,pipes     
considered that1 as he was already      
seventy years of age1 he could scarcely 
expect to grow any wiser2 but he made no
 remark on this subject1 and1 saying    
that he doubted not that the money would
 go safely to its destination1 he sat   

down to his supper4 ,his mother scolded 
him roundly1 but he did not mind it2 and
 after supper he went out and sat on a  
rustic chair in front of the cottage to 
look at the moonlit village1 and to     
wonder whether or not the ,chief        
,villager really received the money4    
,while he was doing these two things1 he
 went fast asleep4  ,when ,old ,pipes   
left the ,dryad1 she did not go down to 
the village with the little bag of      
money4 ,she held it in her hand1 and    
thought about what she had heard4 ,this 
is a good and honest old man1 she said2 
and it is a shame that he should lose   
this money4 ,he looked as if he needed  
it1 and ,i don't believe the people in  
the village will take it from one who   
has served them so long4 ,often1 when in
 my tree1 have ,i heard the sweet notes 
of his pipes4 ,i am going to take the   
money back to him4 ,she did not start   
immediately1 because there were so many 
beautiful things to look at2 but after  
awhile she went up to the cottage1 and1 

finding ,old ,pipes asleep in his chair1
 she slipped the little bag into his    
coat-pocket1 and silently sped away4    
,the next day ,old ,pipes told his      
mother that he would go up the mountain 
and cut some wood4 ,he had a right to   
get wood from the mountain1 but for a   
long time he had been content to pick up
 the dead branches which lay about his  
cottage4 ,to-day1 however1 he felt so   
strong and vigorous that he thought he  
would go and cut some fuel that would be
 better than this4 ,he worked all the   
morning1 and when he came back he did   
not feel at all tired1 and he had a very
 good appetite for his dinner4  ,now1   
,old ,pipes knew a good deal about      
,dryads2 but there was one thing which1 
although he had heard1 he had forgotten4
 ,this was1 that a kiss from a ,dryad   
made a person ten years younger4  ,the  
people of the village knew this1 and    
they were very careful not to let any   
child of ten years or younger go into   
the woods where the ,dryads were        

supposed to be2 for1 if they should     
chance to be kissed by one of these     
tree-nymphs1 they would be set back so  
far that they would cease to exist4  ,a 
story was told in the village that a    
very bad boy of eleven once ran away    
into the woods1 and had an adventure of 
this kind2 and when his mother found him
 he was a little baby of one year old4  
,taking advantage of her opportunity1   
she brought him up more carefully than  
she had done before1 and he grew to be a
 very good boy indeed4  ,now ,old ,pipes
 had been kissed twice by the ,dryad1   
once on each cheek1 and he therefore    
felt as vigorous and active as when he  
was a hale man of fifty4 ,his mother    
noticed how much work he was doing1 and 
told him that he need not try in that   
way to make up for the loss of his      
piping wages2 for he would only tire    
himself out1 and get sick4 ,but her son 
answered that he had not felt so well   
for years1 and that he was quite able to
 work4  ,in the course of the afternoon1

 ,old ,pipes1 for the first time that   
day1 put his hand in his coat-pocket1   
and there1 to his amazement1 he found   
the little bag of money4 ,well1 well6 he
 exclaimed1 ,i am stupid1 indeed6 ,i    
really thought that ,i had seen a       
,dryad2 but when ,i sat down by that big
 oak tree ,i must have gone to sleep and
 dreamed it all2 and then ,i came home1 
thinking ,i had given the money to a    
,dryad1 when it was in my pocket all the
 time4 ,but the ,chief ,villager shall  
have the money4 ,i shall not take it to 
him to-day1 but to-morrow ,i wish to go 
to the village to see some of my old    
friends2 and then ,i shall give up the  
money4  ,toward the close of the        
afternoon1 ,old ,pipes1 as had been his 
custom for so many years1 took his pipes
 from the shelf on which they lay1 and  
went out to the rock in front of the    
cottage4  ,what are you going to do8    
cried his mother4 ,if you will not      
consent to be paid1 why do you pipe8  ,i
 am going to pipe for my own pleasure1  

said her son4 ,i am used to it1 and ,i  
do not wish to give it up4 ,it does not 
matter now whether the cattle hear me or
 not1 and ,i am sure that my piping will
 injure no one4  ,when the good man     
began to play upon his favorite         
instrument he was astonished at the     
sound that came from it4 ,the beautiful 
notes of the pipes sounded clear and    
strong down into the valley1 and spread 
over the hills1 and up the sides of the 
mountain beyond1 while1 after a little  
interval1 an echo came back from the    
rocky hill on the other side of the     
valley4  ,ha6 ha6 he cried1 what has    
happened to my pipes8 ,they must have   
been stopped up of late1 but now they   
are as clear and good as ever4  ,again  
the merry notes went sounding far and   
wide4 ,the cattle on the mountain heard 
them1 and those that were old enough    
remembered how these notes had called   
them from their pastures every evening1 
and so they started down the            
mountain-side1 the others following4    

,the merry notes were heard in the      
village below1 and the people were much 
astonished thereby4 ,why1 who can be    
blowing the pipes of ,old ,pipes8 they  
said4 ,but1 as they were all very busy1 
no one went up to see4 ,one thing1      
however1 was plain enough3 the cattle   
were coming down the mountain4 ,and so  
the two boys and the girl did not have  
to go after them1 and had an hour for   
play1 for which they were very glad4    
,the next morning ,old ,pipes started   
down to the village with his money1 and 
on the way he met the ,dryad4 ,oh1 ho6  
he cried1 is that you8 ,why1 ,i thought 
my letting you out of the tree was      
nothing but a dream4  ,a dream6 cried   
the ,dryad2 if you only knew how happy  
you have made me1 you would not think it
 merely a dream4 ,and has it not        
benefited you8 ,do you not feel happier8
 ,yesterday ,i heard you playing        
beautifully on your pipes4  ,yes1 yes1  
cried he4 ,i did not understand it      
before1 but ,i see it all now4 ,i have  

really grown younger4 ,i thank you1 ,i  
thank you1 good ,dryad1 from the bottom 
of my heart4 ,it was the finding of the 
money in my pocket that made me think it
 was a dream4  ,oh1 ,i put it in when   
you were asleep1 she said1 laughing1    
because ,i thought you ought to keep it4
 ,good-by1 kind1 honest man4 ,may you   
live long1 and be as happy as ,i am now4
  ,old ,pipes was greatly delighted when
 he understood that he was really a     
younger man2 but that made no difference
 about the money1 and he kept on his way
 to the village4 ,as soon as he reached 
it1 he was eagerly questioned as to who 
had been playing his pipes the evening  
before1 and when the people heard that  
it was himself they were very much      
surprised4 ,thereupon ,old ,pipes told  
what had happened to him1 and then there
 was greater wonder1 with hearty        
congratulations and hand-shakes2 for    
,old ,pipes was liked by everyone4 ,the 
,chief ,villager refused to take his    
money2 and although ,old ,pipes said    

that he had not earned it1 everyone     
present insisted that1 as he would now  
play on his pipes as before1 he should  
lose nothing because1 for a time1 he was
 unable to perform his duty4  ,so ,old  
,pipes was obliged to keep his money1   
and after an hour or two spent in       
conversation with his friends he        
returned to his cottage4  ,there was one
 person1 however1 who was not pleased   
with what had happened to ,old ,pipes4  
,this was an ,echo-dwarf who lived on   
the hills across the valley4 ,it was his
 work to echo back the notes of the     
pipes whenever they could be heard4  ,a 
great many other ,echo-dwarfs lived on  
these hills4 ,they all worked1 but in   
different ways4 ,some echoed back the   
songs of maidens1 some the shouts of    
children1 and others the music that was 
often heard in the village4 ,but there  
was only one who could send back the    
strong notes of the pipes of ,old       
,pipes1 and this had been his sole duty 
for many years4 ,but when the old man   

grew feeble1 and the notes of his pipes 
could not be heard on the opposite      
hills1 this ,echo-dwarf had nothing to  
do1 and he spent his time in delightful 
idleness2 and he slept so much and grew 
so fat that it made his companions laugh
 to see him walk4  ,on the afternoon on 
which1 after so long an interval1 the   
sound of the pipes was heard on the echo
 hills1 this dwarf was fast asleep      
behind a rock4 ,as soon as the first    
notes reached them1 some of his         
companions ran to wake him up4 ,rolling 
to his feet1 he echoed back the merry   
tune of ,old ,pipes4  ,naturally1 he was
 very angry at being thus obliged to    
give up his life of comfort1 and he     
hoped very much that this pipe-playing  
would not occur again4 ,the next        
afternoon he was awake and listening1   
and1 sure enough1 at the usual hour1    
along came the notes of the pipes as    
clear and strong as they ever had been2 
and he was obliged to work as long as   
,old ,pipes played4 ,the ,echo-dwarf was

 very angry4 ,he had supposed1 of       
course1 that the pipe-playing had ceased
 forever1 and he felt that he had a     
right to be indignant at being thus     
deceived4 ,he was so much disturbed that
 he made up his mind to go and try to   
find out how long this was to last4 ,he 
had plenty of time1 as the pipes were   
played but once a day1 and he set off   
early in the morning for the hill on    
which ,old ,pipes lived4 ,it was hard   
work for the fat little fellow1 and when
 he had crossed the valley and had gone 
some distance into the woods on the     
hill-side1 he stopped to rest1 and in a 
few minutes the ,dryad came tripping    
along4  ,ho1 ho6 exclaimed the dwarf2   
what are you doing here8 and how did you
 get out of your tree8  ,doing6 cried   
the ,dryad2 ,i am being happy2 that's   
what ,i am doing4 ,and ,i was let out of
 my tree by the good old man who plays  
the pipes to call the cattle down from  
the mountain4 ,and it makes me happier  
to think that ,i have been of service to

 him4 ,i gave him two kisses of         
gratitude1 and now he is young enough to
 play his pipes as well as ever4  ,the  
,echo-dwarf stepped forward1 his face   
pale with passion4 ,am ,i to believe1 he
 said1 that you are the cause of this   
great evil that has come upon me8 and   
that you are the wicked creature who has
 again started this old man upon his    
career of pipe-playing8 ,what have ,i   
ever done to you that you should have   
condemned me for years and years to echo
 back the notes of those wretched pipes8
  ,at this the ,dryad laughed loudly4   
,what a funny little fellow you are6 she
 said4 ,anyone would think you had been 
condemned to toil from morning till     
night2 while what you really have to do 
is merely to imitate for half an hour   
every day the merry notes of ,old       
,pipes's piping4 ,fie upon you1         
,echo-dwarf6 ,you are lazy and selfish2 
and that is what is the matter with you4
 ,instead of grumbling at being obliged 
to do a little wholesome work1 which is 

less1 ,i am sure1 than that of any other
 echo-dwarf upon the rocky hill-side1   
you should rejoice at the good fortune  
of the old man who has regained so much 
of his strength and vigor4 ,go home and 
learn to be just and generous2 and then1
 perhaps1 you may be happy4 ,good-by4   
,insolent creature6 shouted the dwarf1  
as he shook his fat little fist at her4 
,i'll make you suffer for this4 ,you    
shall find out what it is to heap injury
 and insult upon one like me1 and to    
snatch from him the repose that he has  
earned by long years of toil4 ,and1     
shaking his head savagely1 he hurried   
back to the rocky hill-side4  ,every    
afternoon the merry notes of the pipes  
of ,old ,pipes sounded down into the    
valley and over the hills and up the    
mountain-side2 and every afternoon when 
he had echoed them back1 the little     
dwarf grew more and more angry with the 
,dryad4 ,each day1 from early morning   
till it was time for him to go back to  
his duties upon the rocky hill-side1 he 

searched the woods for her4 ,he         
intended1 if he met her1 to pretend to  
be very sorry for what he had said1 and 
he thought he might be able to play a   
trick upon her which would avenge him   
well4  ,one day1 while thus wandering   
among the trees1 he met ,old ,pipes4    
,the ,echo-dwarf did not generally care 
to see or speak to ordinary people2 but 
now he was so anxious to find the object
 of his search1 that he stopped and     
asked ,old ,pipes if he had seen the    
,dryad4 ,the piper had not noticed the  
little fellow1 and he looked down on him
 with some surprise4  ,no1 he said2 ,i  
have not seen her1 and ,i have been     
looking everywhere for her4  ,you6 cried
 the dwarf1 what do you wish with her8  
,old ,pipes then sat down on a stone1 so
 that he should be nearer the ear of his
 small companion1 and he told what the  
,dryad had done for him4  ,when the     
,echo-dwarf heard that this was the man 
whose pipes he was obliged to echo back 
every day1 he would have slain him on   

the spot1 had he been able2 but1 as he  
was not able1 he merely ground his teeth
 and listened to the rest of the story4 
,i am looking for the ,dryad now1 ,old  
,pipes continued1 on account of my aged 
mother4 ,when ,i was old myself1 ,i did 
not notice how very old my mother was2  
but now it shocks me to see how feeble  
her years have caused her to become2 and
 ,i am looking for the ,dryad to ask her
 to make my mother younger1 as she made 
me4  ,the eyes of the ,echo-dwarf       
glistened4 ,here was a man who might    
help him in his plans4  ,your idea is a 
good one1 he said to ,old ,pipes1 and it
 does you honor4 ,but you should know   
that a ,dryad can make no person younger
 but one who lets her out of her tree4  
,however1 you can manage the affair very
 easily4 ,all you need do is to find the
 ,dryad1 tell her what you want1 and    
request her to step into her tree and be
 shut up for a short time4 ,then you    
will go and bring your mother to the    
tree2 she will open it1 and everything  

will be as you wish4 ,is not this a good
 plan8  ,excellent6 cried ,old ,pipes2  
and ,i will go instantly and search more
 diligently for the ,dryad4  ,take me   
with you1 said the ,echo-dwarf4 ,you can
 easily carry me on your strong         
shoulders2 and ,i shall be glad to help 
you in any way that ,i can4  ,now then1 
said the little fellow to himself1 as   
,old ,pipes carried him rapidly along1  
if he persuades the ,dryad to get into a
 tree1--and she is quite foolish enough 
to do it1--and then goes away to bring  
his mother1 ,i shall take a stone or a  
club and ,i will break off the key of   
that tree1 so that nobody can ever turn 
it again4 ,then ,mistress ,dryad will   
see what she has brought upon herself by
 her behavior to me4  ,before long they 
came to the great oak tree in which the 
,dryad had lived1 and at a distance they
 saw that beautiful creature herself    
coming toward them4  ,how excellently   
well everything happens6 said the dwarf4
 ,put me down1 and ,i will go4 ,your    

business with the ,dryad is more        
important than mine2 and you need not   
say anything about my having suggested  
your plan to you4 ,i am willing that you
 should have all the credit of it       
yourself4  ,old ,pipes put the          
,echo-dwarf upon the ground1 but the    
little rogue did not go away4 ,he hid   
himself between some low1 mossy rocks1  
and he was so much like them in color   
that you would not have noticed him if  
you had been looking straight at him4   
,when the ,dryad came up1 ,old ,pipes   
lost no time in telling her about his   
mother1 and what he wished her to do4   
,at first1 the ,dryad answered nothing1 
but stood looking very sadly at ,old    
,pipes4  ,do you really wish me to go   
into my tree again8 she said4 ,i should 
dreadfully dislike to do it1 for ,i     
don't know what might happen4 ,it is not
 at all necessary1 for ,i could make    
your mother younger at any time if she  
would give me the opportunity4 ,i had   
already thought of making you still     

happier in this way1 and several times  
,i have waited about your cottage1      
hoping to meet your aged mother1 but she
 never comes outside1 and you know a    
,dryad cannot enter a house4 ,i cannot  
imagine what put this idea into your    
head4 ,did you think of it yourself8    
,no1 ,i cannot say that ,i did1 answered
 ,old ,pipes4 ,a little dwarf whom ,i   
met in the woods proposed it to me4     
,oh6 cried the ,dryad2 now ,i see       
through it all4 ,it is the scheme of    
that vile ,echo-dwarf--your enemy and   
mine4 ,where is he8 ,i should like to   
see him4  ,i think he has gone away1    
said ,old ,pipes4  ,no1 he has not1 said
 the ,dryad1 whose quick eyes perceived 
the ,echo-dwarf among the rocks1 there  
he is4 ,seize him and drag him out1 ,i  
beg of you4  ,old ,pipes saw the dwarf  
as soon as he was pointed out to him2   
and running to the rocks1 he caught the 
little fellow by the arm and pulled him 
out4  ,now1 then1 cried the ,dryad1 who 
had opened the door of the great oak1   

just stick him in there1 and we will    
shut him up4 ,then ,i shall be safe from
 his mischief for the rest of the time  
,i am free4  ,old ,pipes thrust the     
,echo-dwarf into the tree2 the ,dryad   
pushed the door shut2 there was a       
clicking sound of bark and wood1 and no 
one would have noticed that the big oak 
had ever had an opening in it4  ,there1 
said the ,dryad2 now we need not be     
afraid of him4 ,and ,i assure you1 my   
good piper1 that ,i shall be very glad  
to make your mother younger as soon as  
,i can4 ,will you not ask her to come   
out and meet me8  ,of course ,i will1   
cried ,old ,pipes2 and ,i will do it    
without delay4  ,and then1 the ,dryad by
 his side1 he hurried to his cottage4   
,but when he mentioned the matter to his
 mother1 the old woman became very angry
 indeed4 ,she did not believe in        
,dryads2 and1 if they really did exist1 
she knew they must be witches and       
sorceresses1 and she would have nothing 
to do with them4 ,if her son had ever   

allowed himself to be kissed by one of  
them1 he ought to be ashamed of himself4
 ,as to its doing him the least bit of  
good1 she did not believe a word of it4 
,he felt better than he used to feel1   
but that was very common4 ,she had      
sometimes felt that way herself1 and she
 forbade him ever to mention a ,dryad to
 her again4  ,that afternoon1 ,old      
,pipes1 feeling very sad that his plan  
in regard to his mother had failed1 sat 
down upon the rock and played upon his  
pipes4 ,the pleasant sounds went down   
the valley and up the hills and         
mountain1 but1 to the great surprise of 
some persons who happened to notice the 
fact1 the notes were not echoed back    
from the rocky hill-side1 but from the  
woods on the side of the valley on which
 ,old ,pipes lived4 ,the next day many  
of the villagers stopped in their work  
to listen to the echo of the pipes      
coming from the woods4 ,the sound was   
not as clear and strong as it used to be
 when it was sent back from the rocky   

hill-side1 but it certainly came from   
among the trees4 ,such a thing as an    
echo changing its place in this way had 
never been heard of before1 and nobody  
was able to explain how it could have   
happened4 ,old ,pipes1 however1 knew    
very well that the sound came from the  
,echo-dwarf shut up in the great oak    
tree4 ,the sides of the tree were thin1 
and the sound of the pipes could be     
heard through them1 and the dwarf was   
obliged by the laws of his being to echo
 back those notes whenever they came to 
him4 ,but ,old ,pipes thought he might  
get the ,dryad in trouble if he let     
anyone know that the ,echo-dwarf was    
shut up in the tree1 and so he wisely   
said nothing about it4  ,one day the two
 boys and the girl who had helped ,old  
,pipes up the hill were playing in the  
woods4 ,stopping near the great oak     
tree1 they heard a sound of knocking    
within it1 and then a voice plainly     
said3  ,let me out6 let me out6  ,for a 
moment the children stood still in      

astonishment1 and then one of the boys  
exclaimed3  ,oh1 it is a ,dryad1 like   
the one ,old ,pipes found6 ,let's let   
her out6  ,what are you thinking of8    
cried the girl4 ,i am the oldest of all1
 and ,i am only thirteen4 ,do you wish  
to be turned into crawling babies8 ,run6
 run6 run6  ,and the two boys and the   
girl dashed down into the valley as fast
 as their legs could carry them4 ,there 
was no desire in their youthful hearts  
to be made younger than they were1 and  
for fear that their parents might think 
it well that they should commence their 
careers anew1 they never said a word    
about finding the ,dryad tree4  ,as the 
summer days went on1 ,old ,pipes's      
mother grew feebler and feebler4 ,one   
day when her son was away1 for he now   
frequently went into the woods to hunt  
or fish1 or down into the valley to     
work1 she arose from her knitting to    
prepare the simple dinner4 ,but she felt
 so weak and tired that she was not able
 to do the work to which she had been so

 long accustomed4 ,alas6 alas6 she said1
 the time has come when ,i am too old to
 work4 ,my son will have to hire some   
one to come here and cook his meals1    
make his bed1 and mend his clothes4     
,alas6 alas6 ,i had hoped that as long  
as ,i lived ,i should be able to do     
these things4 ,but it is not so4 ,i have
 grown utterly worthless1 and some one  
else must prepare the dinner for my son4
 ,i wonder where he is4 ,and tottering  
to the door1 she went outside to look   
for him4 ,she did not feel able to      
stand1 and reaching the rustic chair1   
she sank into it1 quite exhausted1 and  
soon fell asleep4  ,the ,dryad1 who had 
often come to the cottage to see if she 
could find an opportunity of carrying   
out ,old ,pipes's affectionate design1  
now happened by2 and seeing that the    
much-desired occasion had come1 she     
stepped up quietly behind the old woman 
and gently kissed her on each cheek1 and
 then as quietly disappeared4  ,in a few
 minutes the mother of ,old ,pipes      

awoke1 and looking up at the sun1 she   
exclaimed3 ,why1 it is almost           
dinner-time6 ,my son will be here       
directly1 and ,i am not ready for him4  
,and rising to her feet1 she hurried    
into the house1 made the fire1 set the  
meat and vegetables to cook1 laid the   
cloth1 and by the time her son arrived  
the meal was on the table4  ,how a      
little sleep does refresh one1 she said 
to herself1 as she was bustling about4  
,she was a woman of very vigorous       
constitution1 and at seventy had been a 
great deal stronger and more active than
 her son was at that age4 ,the moment   
,old ,pipes saw his mother1 he knew that
 the ,dryad had been there2 but1 while  
he felt as happy as a king1 he was too  
wise to say anything about her4  ,it is 
astonishing how well ,i feel to-day1    
said his mother2 and either my hearing  
has improved or you speak much more     
plainly than you have done of late4     
,the summer days went on and passed     
away1 the leaves were falling from the  

trees1 and the air was becoming cold4   
,nature has ceased to be lovely1 said   
the ,dryad1 and the night winds chill   
me4 ,it is time for me to go back into  
my comfortable quarters in the great    
oak4 ,but first ,i must pay another     
visit to the cottage of ,old ,pipes4    
,she found the piper and his mother     
sitting side by side on the rock in     
front of the door4 ,the cattle were not 
to go to the mountain any more that     
season1 and he was piping them down for 
the last time4 ,loud and merrily sounded
 the pipes of ,old ,pipes1 and down the 
mountain-side came the cattle1 the cows 
by the easiest paths1 the sheep by those
 not quite so easy1 and the goats by the
 most difficult ones among the rocks2   
while from the great oak tree were heard
 the echoes of the cheerful music4  ,how
 happy they look1 sitting there         
together1 said the ,dryad2 and ,i don't 
believe it will do them a bit of harm to
 be still younger4 ,and moving quietly  
up behind them1 she first kissed ,old   

,pipes on his cheek and then kissed his 
mother4  ,old ,pipes1 who had stopped   
playing1 knew what it was1 but he did   
not move1 and said nothing4 ,his mother1
 thinking that her son had kissed her1  
turned to him with a smile and kissed   
him in return4 ,and then she arose and  
went into the cottage1 a vigorous woman 
of sixty1 followed by her son1 erect and
 happy1 and twenty years younger than   
herself4  ,the ,dryad sped away to the  
woods1 shrugging her shoulders as she   
felt the cool evening wind4  ,when she  
reached the great oak1 she turned the   
key and opened the door4 ,come out1 said
 she to the ,echo-dwarf1 who sat        
blinking within4 ,winter is coming on1  
and ,i want the comfortable shelter of  
my tree for myself4 ,the cattle have    
come down from the mountain for the last
 time this year1 the pipes will no      
longer sound1 and you can go to your    
rocks and have a holiday until next     
spring4  ,upon hearing these words the  
dwarf skipped quickly out1 and the      

,dryad entered the tree and pulled the  
door shut after her4 ,now1 then1 she    
said to herself1 he can break off the   
key if he likes4 ,it does not matter to 
me4 ,another will grow out next spring4 
,and although the good piper made me no 
promise1 ,i know that when the warm days
 arrive next year1 he will come and let 
me out again4  ,the ,echo-dwarf did not 
stop to break the key of the tree4 ,he  
was too happy to be released to think of
 anything else1 and he hastened as fast 
as he could to his home on the rocky    
hill-side4  ,the ,dryad was not mistaken
 when she trusted in the piper4 ,when   
the warm days came again he went to the 
oak tree to let her out4 ,but1 to his   
sorrow and surprise1 he found the great 
tree lying upon the ground4 ,a winter   
storm had blown it down1 and it lay with
 its trunk shattered and split4 ,and    
what became of the ,dryad no one ever   
knew4    #bjd          ,john ,ruskin    
7#ahai-aijj71 the most eloquent of      
,english prose writers1 was much        

interested in         the question of   
literature for both grown-ups           
and children4 ,he edited a reissue of   
,taylor's         translation of        
,grimms' ,popular ,stories1             
issued ,dame ,wiggins of ,lee and ,her  
,seven         ,wonderful ,cats 7see    
,no4 #adc71 and wrote that              
masterpiece among modern stories for    
children1         ,the ,king of the     
,golden ,river4 ,its fine               
idealism1 splendidly imagined structure1
         wonderful word-paintings1 and  
perfect ,english         all combine to 
justify the high place assigned         
to it4 ,ruskin wrote the story in #ahda1
 at a         couple of sittings1 though
 it was not         published until ten 
years later4 ,speaking of it            
later in life1 he said that it was      
written to         amuse a little girl2 
and being a fairly good                 
imitation of ,grimm and ,dickens1 mixed 
with a         little true ,alpine      
feeling of my own1 it has         been  

rightly pleasing to nice children1 and  
good for them4 ,but it is totally       
valueless1 for         all that4 ,i can 
no more write a story than              
compose a picture4 ,the final statement 
may be         taken for what it is     
worth1 written as it was         at a   
time of disillusionment4 ,the first part
 of         ,ruskin's analysis is       
certainly true and has         been thus
 expanded by his biographer1 ,sir ,e4   
,t4         ,cook3 ,the grotesque and   
the ,german setting of         the tale 
were taken from ,grimm2 from ,dickens it
         took its tone of pervading     
kindliness and         geniality4 ,the  
,alpine ecstasy and the eager           
pressing of the moral were ,ruskin's    
own2 and so         also is the style1  
delicately poised between         poetry
 and comedy4   ,,the ,,king ,,of ,,the  
,,golden ,,river ,,or ,,the ,,black     
,,brothers   ,,john ,,ruskin   ,,chapter
 ,i  ,,how ,,the ,,agricultural ,,system
 ,,of ,,the ,,black ,,brothers ,,was    

,,interfered ,,with ,,by ,,south-,,west 
,,wind1 ,,esquire  ,in a secluded and   
mountainous part of ,stiria there was1  
in old time1 a valley of the most       
surprising and luxuriant fertility4 ,it 
was surrounded1 on all sides1 by steep  
and rocky mountains1 rising into peaks1 
which were always covered with snow1 and
 from which a number of torrents        
descended in constant cataracts4 ,one of
 these fell westward1 over the face of a
 crag so high1 that1 when the sun had   
set to everything else1 and all below   
was darkness1 his beams still shone full
 upon this waterfall1 so that it looked 
like a shower of gold4 ,it was1         
therefore1 called by the people of the  
neighborhood1 the ,golden ,river4 ,it   
was strange that none of these streams  
fell into the valley itself4 ,they all  
descended on the other side of the      
mountains1 and wound away through broad 
plains and by populous cities4 ,but the 
clouds were drawn so constantly to the  
snowy hills1 and rested so softly in the

 circular hollow1 that in time of       
drought and heat1 when all the country  
round was burnt up1 there was still rain
 in the little valley2 and its crops    
were so heavy1 and its hay so high1 and 
its apples so red1 and its grapes so    
blue1 and its wine so rich1 and its     
honey so sweet1 that it was a marvel to 
every one who beheld it1 and was        
commonly called the ,treasure ,valley4  
,the whole of this little valley        
belonged to three brothers1 called      
,schwartz1 ,hans1 and ,gluck4 ,schwartz 
and ,hans1 the two elder brothers1 were 
very ugly men1 with overhanging eyebrows
 and small dull eyes1 which were always 
half shut1 so that you couldn't see into
 them1 and always fancied they saw very 
far into you4 ,they lived by farming the
 ,treasure ,valley1 and very good       
farmers they were4 ,they killed         
everything that did not pay for its     
eating4 ,they shot the blackbirds       
because they pecked the fruit2 and      
killed the hedgehogs1 lest they should  

suck the cows2 they poisoned the        
crickets for eating the crumbs in the   
kitchen2 and smothered the cicadas1     
which used to sing all summer in the    
lime trees4 ,they worked their servants 
without any wages1 till they would not  
work any more1 and then quarreled with  
them1 and turned them out of doors      
without paying them4 ,it would have been
 very odd if1 with such a farm1 and such
 a system of farming1 they hadn't got   
very rich2 and very rich they did get4  
,they generally contrived to keep their 
corn by them till it was very dear1 and 
then sell it for twice its value2 they  
had heaps of gold lying about on their  
floors1 yet it was never known that they
 had given so much as a penny or a crust
 in charity2 they never went to mass2   
grumbled perpetually at paying tithes2  
and were1 in a word1 of so cruel and    
grinding a temper as to receive from all
 those with whom they had any dealings  
the nickname of the ,black ,brothers4   
,the youngest brother1 ,gluck1 was as   

completely opposed1 in both appearance  
and character1 to his seniors as could  
possibly be imagined or desired4 ,he was
 not above twelve years old1 fair1      
blue-eyed1 and kind in temper to every  
living thing4 ,he did not1 of course1   
agree particularly well with his        
brothers1 or rather1 they did not agree 
with him4 ,he was usually appointed to  
the honorable office of turnspit1 when  
there was anything to roast1 which was  
not often2 for1 to do the brothers      
justice1 they were hardly less sparing  
upon themselves than upon other people4 
,at other times he used to clean the    
shoes1 floors1 and sometimes the plates1
 occasionally getting what was left on  
them1 by way of encouragement1 and a    
wholesome quantity of dry blows1 by way 
of education4  ,things went on in this  
manner for a long time4 ,at last came a 
very wet summer1 and everything went    
wrong in the country around4 ,the hay   
had hardly been got in1 when the        
haystacks were floated bodily down to   

the sea by an inundation2 the vines were
 cut to pieces with the hail2 the corn  
was all killed by a black blight2 only  
in the ,treasure ,valley1 as usual1 all 
was safe4 ,as it had rain when there was
 rain nowhere else1 so it had sun when  
there was sun nowhere else4 ,everybody  
came to buy corn at the farm1 and went  
away pouring maledictions on the ,black 
,brothers4 ,they asked what they liked1 
and got it1 except from the poor people1
 who could only beg1 and several of whom
 were starved at their very door1       
without the slightest regard or notice4 
,it was drawing towards winter1 and very
 cold weather1 when one day the two     
elder brothers had gone out1 with their 
usual warning to little ,gluck1 who was 
left to mind the roast1 that he was to  
let nobody in1 and give nothing out4    
,gluck sat down quite close to the fire1
 for it was raining very hard1 and the  
kitchen walls were by no means dry or   
comfortable looking4 ,he turned and     
turned1 and the roast got nice and      

brown4 ,what a pity1 thought ,gluck1 my 
brothers never ask anybody to dinner4   
,i'm sure1 when they've got such a nice 
piece of mutton as this1 and nobody else
 has got so much as a piece of dry      
bread1 it would do their hearts good to 
have somebody to eat it with them4      
,just as he spoke1 there came a double  
knock at the house door1 yet heavy and  
dull1 as though the knocker had been    
tied up--more like a puff than a knock4 
,it must be the wind1 said ,gluck2      
nobody else would venture to knock      
double knocks at our door4  ,no2 it     
wasn't the wind2 there it came again    
very hard1 and what was particularly    
astounding1 the knocker seemed to be in 
a hurry1 and not to be in the least     
afraid of the consequences4 ,gluck went 
to the window1 opened it1 and put his   
head out to see who it was4  ,it was the
 most extraordinary looking little      
gentleman he had ever seen in his life4 
,he had a very large nose1 slightly     
brass-colored2 his cheeks were very     

round1 and very red1 and might have     
warranted a supposition that he had been
 blowing a refractory fire for the last 
eight-and-forty hours2 his eyes twinkled
 merrily through long silky eyelashes1  
his mustaches curled twice round like a 
corkscrew on each side of his mouth1 and
 his hair1 of a curious mixed           
pepper-and-salt color1 descended far    
over his shoulders4 ,he was about       
four-feet-six in height1 and wore a     
conical pointed cap of nearly the same  
altitude1 decorated with a black feather
 some three feet long4 ,his doublet was 
prolonged behind into something         
resembling a violent exaggeration of    
what is now termed a swallowtail1 but   
was much obscured by the swelling folds 
of an enormous black1 glossy-looking    
cloak1 which must have been very much   
too long in calm weather1 as the wind1  
whistling round the old house1 carried  
it clear out from the wearer's shoulders
 to about four times his own length4    
,gluck was so perfectly paralyzed by the

 singular appearance of his visitor1    
that he remained fixed without uttering 
a word1 until the old gentleman1 having 
performed another1 and a more energetic 
concerto on the knocker1 turned round to
 look after his fly-away cloak4 ,in so  
doing he caught sight of ,gluck's little
 yellow head jammed in the window1 with 
its mouth and eyes very wide open       
indeed4  ,hollo6 said the little        
gentleman1 that's not the way to answer 
the door3 ,i'm wet2 let me in6  ,to do  
the little gentleman justice1 he was    
wet4 ,his feather hung down between his 
legs like a beaten puppy's tail1        
dripping like an umbrella2 and from the 
ends of his mustaches the water was     
running into his waistcoat pockets1 and 
out again like a mill stream4  ,i beg   
pardon1 sir1 said ,gluck1 ,i'm very     
sorry1 but ,i really can't4  ,can't     
what8 said the old gentleman4  ,i can't 
let you in1 sir1--,i can't indeed2 my   
brothers would beat me to death1 sir1 if
 ,i thought of such a thing4 ,what do   

you want1 sir8  ,want8 said the old     
gentleman1 petulantly4 ,i want fire1 and
 shelter2 and there's your great fire   
there blazing1 crackling1 and dancing on
 the walls1 with nobody to feel it4 ,let
 me in1 ,i say2 ,i only want to warm    
myself4  ,gluck had had his head1 by    
this time1 so long out of the window1   
that he began to feel it was really     
unpleasantly cold1 and when he turned1  
and saw the beautiful fire rustling and 
roaring1 and throwing long bright       
tongues up the chimney1 as if it were   
licking its chops at the savory smell of
 the leg of mutton1 his heart melted    
within him that it should be burning    
away for nothing4 ,he does look very    
wet1 said little ,gluck2 ,i'll just let 
him in for a quarter of an hour4 ,round 
he went to the door1 and opened it2 and 
as the little gentleman walked in1 there
 came a gust of wind through the house  
that made the old chimneys totter4      
,that's a good boy1 said the little     
gentleman4 ,never mind your brothers4   

,i'll talk to them4  ,pray1 sir1 don't  
do any such thing1 said ,gluck4 ,i can't
 let you stay till they come2 they'd be 
the death of me4  ,dear me1 said the old
 gentleman1 ,i'm very sorry to hear     
that4 ,how long may ,i stay8  ,only till
 the mutton's done1 sir1 replied ,gluck1
 and it's very brown4  ,then the old    
gentleman walked into the kitchen1 and  
sat himself down on the hob1 with the   
top of his cap accommodated up the      
chimney1 for it was a great deal too    
high for the roof4  ,you'll soon dry    
there1 sir1 said ,gluck1 and sat down   
again to turn the mutton4 ,but the old  
gentleman did not dry there1 but went on
 drip1 drip1 dripping among the cinders1
 and the fire fizzed and sputtered1 and 
began to look very black and            
uncomfortable2 never was such a cloak2  
every fold in it ran like a gutter4  ,i 
beg pardon1 sir1 said ,gluck at length1 
after watching the water spreading in   
long1 quicksilver-like streams over the 
floor for a quarter of an hour2 mayn't  

,i take your cloak8  ,no thank you1 said
 the old gentleman4  ,your cap1 sir8  ,i
 am all right1 thank you1 said the old  
gentleman rather gruffly4               
,but--sir--,i'm very sorry1 said ,gluck 
hesitatingly2 but--really1              
sir--you're--putting the fire out4      
,it'll take longer to do the mutton1    
then1 replied his visitor dryly4  ,gluck
 was very much puzzled by the behavior  
of his guest2 it was such a strange     
mixture of coolness and humility4 ,he   
turned away at the string meditatively  
for another five minutes4  ,that mutton 
looks very nice1 said the old gentleman 
at length4 ,can't you give me a little  
bit8  ,impossible1 sir1 said ,gluck4    
,i'm very hungry1 continued the old     
gentleman2 ,i've had nothing to eat     
yesterday nor to-day4 ,they surely      
couldn't miss a bit from the knuckle6   
,he spoke in so very melancholy a tone  
that it quite melted ,gluck's heart4    
,they promised me one slice to-day1 sir1
 said he2 ,i can give you that1 but not 

a bit more4  ,that's a good boy1 said   
the old gentleman again4  ,then ,gluck  
warmed a plate1 and sharpened a knife4  
,i don't care if ,i do get beaten for   
it1 thought he4 ,just as he had cut a   
large slice out of the mutton1 there    
came a tremendous rap at the door4 ,the 
old gentleman jumped off the hob1 as if 
it had suddenly become inconveniently   
warm4 ,gluck fitted the slice into the  
mutton again1 with desperate efforts at 
exactitude1 and ran to open the door4   
,what did you keep us waiting in the    
rain for8 said ,schwartz1 as he walked  
in1 throwing his umbrella in ,gluck's   
face4 ,ay6 what for1 indeed1 you little 
vagabond8 said ,hans1 administering an  
educational box on the ear1 as he       
followed his brother into the kitchen4  
,bless my soul6 said ,schwartz when he  
opened the door4  ,amen1 said the little
 gentleman1 who had taken his cap off   
and was standing in the middle of the   
kitchen1 bowing with the utmost possible
 velocity4  ,who's that8 said ,schwartz1

 catching up a rolling-pin1 and turning 
to ,gluck with a fierce frown4  ,i don't
 know1 indeed1 brother1 said ,gluck in  
great terror4  ,how did he get in8      
roared ,schwartz4  ,my dear brother1    
said ,gluck1 deprecatingly1 he was so   
very wet6  ,the rolling-pin was         
descending on ,gluck's head2 but1 at the
 instant1 the old gentleman interposed  
his conical cap1 on which it crashed    
with a shock that shook the water out of
 it all over the room4 ,what was very   
odd1 the rolling pin no sooner touched  
the cap1 than it flew out of ,schwartz's
 hand1 spinning like a straw in a high  
wind1 and fell into the corner at the   
farther end of the room4  ,who are you1 
sir8 demanded ,schwartz1 turning upon   
him4  ,what's your business8 snarled    
,hans4  ,i'm a poor old man1 sir1 the   
little gentleman began very modestly1   
and ,i saw your fire through the window1
 and begged shelter for a quarter of an 
hour4  ,have the goodness to walk out   
again1 then1 said ,schwartz4 ,we've     

quite enough water in our kitchen1      
without making it a drying house4  ,it  
is a cold day to turn an old man out in1
 sir2 look at my gray hairs4 ,they hung 
down to his shoulders1 as ,i told you   
before4  ,ay6 said ,hans1 there are     
enough of them to keep you warm4 ,walk6 
,i'm very1 very hungry1 sir2 couldn't   
you spare me a bit of bread before ,i   
go8  ,bread1 indeed6 said ,schwartz2 do 
you suppose we've nothing to do with our
 bread but to give it to such red-nosed 
fellows as you8  ,why don't you sell    
your feather8 said ,hans1 sneeringly4   
,out with you6  ,a little bit1 said the 
old gentleman4  ,be off6 said ,schwartz4
  ,pray1 gentlemen--  ,off1 and be      
hanged6 cried ,hans1 seizing him by the 
collar4 ,but he had no sooner touched   
the old gentleman's collar1 than away he
 went after the rolling-pin1 spinning   
round and round1 till he fell into the  
corner on the top of it4 ,then ,schwartz
 was very angry1 and ran at the old     
gentleman to turn him out2 but he also  

had hardly touched him1 when away he    
went after ,hans and the rolling-pin1   
and hit his head against the wall as he 
tumbled into the corner4 ,and so there  
they lay1 all three4  ,then the old     
gentleman spun himself round with       
velocity in the opposite direction2     
continued to spin until his long cloak  
was all wound neatly about him1 clapped 
his cap on his head1 very much on one   
side 7for it could not stand upright    
without going through the ceiling71 gave
 an additional twist to his corkscrew   
mustaches1 and replied with perfect     
coolness3 ,gentlemen1 ,i wish you a very
 good morning4 ,at twelve o'clock       
to-night ,i'll call again2 after such a 
refusal of hospitality as ,i have just  
experienced1 you will not be surprised  
if that visit is the last ,i ever pay   
you4  ,if ever ,i catch you here again1 
muttered ,schwartz1 coming1 half        
frightened1 out of the corner--but1     
before he could finish his sentence1 the
 old gentleman had shut the house door  

behind him with a great bang3 and there 
drove past the window1 at the same      
instant1 a wreath of ragged cloud that  
whirled and rolled away down the valley 
in all manner of shapes2 turning over   
and over in the air1 and melting away at
 last in a gush of rain4  ,a very pretty
 business1 indeed1 ,mr4 ,gluck6 said    
,schwartz4 ,dish the mutton1 sir4 ,if   
ever ,i catch you at such a trick       
again--bless me1 why the mutton's been  
cut6  ,you promised me one slice1       
brother1 you know1 said ,gluck4  ,oh6   
and you were cutting it hot1 ,i suppose1
 and going to catch all the gravy4      
,it'll be long before ,i promise you    
such a thing again4 ,leave the room1    
sir2 and have the kindness to wait in   
the coal-cellar till ,i call you4       
,gluck left the room melancholy enough4 
,the brothers ate as much mutton as they
 could1 locked the rest in the cupboard1
 and proceeded to get very drunk after  
dinner4  ,such a night as it was6       
,howling wind and rushing rain1 without 

intermission6 ,the brothers had just    
sense enough left to put up all the     
shutters1 and double bar the door1      
before they went to bed4 ,they usually  
slept in the same room4 ,as the clock   
struck twelve1 they were both awakened  
by a tremendous crash4 ,their door burst
 open with a violence that shook the    
house from top to bottom4  ,what's that8
 cried ,schwartz1 starting up in his    
bed4  ,only ,i1 said the little         
gentleman4  ,the two brothers sat up on 
their bolster and stared into the       
darkness4 ,the room was full of water1  
and by a misty moonbeam1 which found its
 way through a hole in the shutter1 they
 could see in the midst of it an        
enormous foam globe1 spinning round1 and
 bobbing up and down like a cork1 on    
which1 as on a most luxurious cushion1  
reclined the little old gentleman1 cap  
and all4 ,there was plenty of room for  
it now1 for the roof was off4  ,sorry to
 incommode you1 said their visitor1     
ironically4 ,i'm afraid your beds are   

dampish2 perhaps you had better go to   
your brother's room2 ,i've left the     
ceiling on1 there4  ,they required no   
second admonition1 but rushed into      
,gluck's room1 wet through1 and in an   
agony of terror4  ,you'll find my card  
on the kitchen table1 the old gentleman 
called after them4 ,remember1 the last  
visit4  ,pray ,heaven it may6 said      
,schwartz1 shuddering4 ,and the foam    
globe disappeared4  ,dawn came at last1 
and the two brothers looked out of      
,gluck's little window in the morning4  
,the ,treasure ,valley was one mass of  
ruin and desolation4 ,the inundation had
 swept away trees1 crops1 and cattle1   
and left in their stead a waste of red  
sand and gray mud4 ,the two brothers    
crept shivering and horror-struck into  
the kitchen4 ,the water had gutted the  
whole first floor2 corn1 money1 almost  
every movable thing had been swept away1
 and there was left only a small white  
card on the kitchen table4 ,on it1 in   
large1 breezy long-legged letters1 were 

engraved the words3--  ,,south-,,west   
,,wind1 ,,esquire4   ,,chapter ,,ii     
,,of ,,the ,,proceedings ,,of ,,the     
,,three ,,brothers ,,after ,,the ,,visit
 ,,of ,,south-,,west ,,wind1 ,,esquire2 
,,and ,,how ,,little ,,gluck ,,had ,,an 
,,interview ,,with ,,the ,,king ,,of    
,,the ,,golden ,,river  ,south-,west    
,wind1 ,esquire1 was as good as his     
word4 ,after the momentous visit above  
related1 he entered the ,treasure       
,valley no more2 and1 what was worse1 he
 had so much influence with his         
relations1 the ,west ,winds in general1 
and used it so effectually1 that they   
all adopted a similar line of conduct4  
,so no rain fell in the valley from one 
year's end to another4 ,though          
everything remained green and           
flourishing in the plains below1 the    
inheritance of the ,three ,brothers was 
a desert4 ,what had once been the       
richest soil in the kingdom1 became a   
shifting heap of red sand2 and the      
brothers1 unable longer to contend with 

the adverse skies1 abandoned their      
valueless patrimony in despair1 to seek 
some means of gaining a livelihood among
 the cities and people of the plains4   
,all their money was gone1 and they had 
nothing left but some curious1          
old-fashioned pieces of gold plates1 the
 last remnants of their ill-gotten      
wealth4  ,suppose we turn goldsmiths8   
said ,schwartz to ,hans1 as they entered
 the large city4 ,it is a good knave's  
trade2 we can put a great deal of copper
 into the gold1 without any one's       
finding it out4  ,the thought was agreed
 to be a very good one2 they hired a    
furnace1 and turned goldsmiths4 ,but two
 slight circumstances affected their    
trade2 the first1 that people did not   
approve of the coppered gold2 the       
second1 that the two elder brothers1    
whenever they had sold anything1 used to
 leave little ,gluck to mind the        
furnace1 and go and drink out the money 
in the ale-house next door4 ,so they    
melted all their gold1 without making   

money enough to buy more1 and were at   
last reduced to one large drinking mug1 
which an uncle of his had given to      
little ,gluck1 and which he was very    
fond of1 and would not have parted with 
for the world2 though he never drank    
anything out of it but milk and water4  
,the mug was a very odd mug to look at4 
,the handle was formed of two wreaths of
 flowing golden hair1 so finely spun    
that it looked more like silk than      
metal1 and these wreaths descended into1
 and mixed with1 a beard and whiskers of
 the same exquisite workmanship1 which  
surrounded and decorated a very fierce  
little face1 of the reddest gold        
imaginable1 right in the front of the   
mug1 with a pair of eyes in it which    
seemed to command its whole             
circumference4 ,it was impossible to    
drink out of the mug without being      
subjected to an intense gaze out of the 
side of these eyes2 and ,schwartz       
positively averred that once1 after     
emptying it1 full of ,rhenish1 seventeen

 times1 he had seen them wink6 ,when it 
came to the mug's turn to be made into  
spoons1 it half broke poor little       
,gluck's heart2 but the brothers only   
laughed at him1 tossed the mug into the 
melting-pot1 and staggered out to the   
ale-house2 leaving him1 as usual1 to    
pour the gold into bars1 when it was all
 ready4  ,when they were gone1 ,gluck   
took a farewell look at his old friend  
in the melting-pot4 ,the flowing hair   
was all gone2 nothing remained but the  
red nose1 and the sparkling eyes1 which 
looked more malicious than ever4 ,and no
 wonder1 thought ,gluck1 after being    
treated in that way4 ,he sauntered      
disconsolately to the window1 and sat   
himself down to catch the fresh evening 
air1 and escape the hot breath of the   
furnace4 ,now this window commanded a   
direct view of the range of mountains1  
which1 as ,i told you before1 overhung  
the ,treasure ,valley1 and more         
especially of the peak from which fell  
the ,golden ,river4 ,it was just at the 

close of the day1 and when ,gluck sat   
down at the window1 he saw the rocks of 
the mountain tops1 all crimson and      
purple with the sunset2 and there were  
bright tongues of fiery cloud burning   
and quivering about them2 and the river1
 brighter than all1 fell1 in a waving   
column of pure gold1 from precipice to  
precipice1 with the double arch of a    
broad purple rainbow stretched across   
it1 flushing and fading alternately in  
the wreaths of spray4  ,ah6 said ,gluck 
aloud1 after he had looked at it for a  
while1 if that river were really all    
gold1 what a nice thing it would be4    
,no1 it wouldn't1 ,gluck1 said a clear  
metallic voice1 close at his ear4       
,bless me6 what's that8 exclaimed       
,gluck1 jumping up4 ,there was nobody   
there4 ,he looked round the room1 and   
under the table1 and a great many times 
behind him1 but there was certainly     
nobody there1 and he sat down again at  
the window4 ,this time he didn't speak1 
but he couldn't help thinking again that

 it would be very convenient if the     
river were really all gold4  ,not at    
all1 my boy1 said the same voice1 louder
 than before4  ,bless me6 said ,gluck   
again2 what is that8 ,he looked again   
into all the corners1 and cupboards1 and
 then began turning round1 and round1 as
 fast as he could in the middle of the  
room1 thinking there was somebody behind
 him1 when the same voice struck again  
on his ear4 ,it was singing now very    
merrily1 ,lala-lira-la2 no words1 only a
 soft running effervescent melody1      
something like that of a kettle on the  
boil4 ,gluck looked out of the window4  
,no1 it was certainly in the house4     
,upstairs1 and downstairs4 ,no1 it was  
certainly in that very room1 coming in  
quicker time1 and clearer notes1 every  
moment4 ,lala-lira-la4 ,all at once it  
struck ,gluck that it sounded louder    
near the furnace4 ,he ran to the        
opening1 and looked in2 yes1 he saw     
right1 it seemed to be coming1 not only 
out of the furnace1 but out of the pot4 

,he uncovered it1 and ran back in a     
great fright1 for the pot was certainly 
singing6 ,he stood in the farthest      
corner of the room1 with his hands up1  
and his mouth open1 for a minute or two1
 when the singing stopped1 and the voice
 became clear1 and pronunciative4       
,hollo6 said the voice4  ,gluck made no 
answer4  ,hollo6 ,gluck1 my boy1 said   
the pot again4  ,gluck summoned all his 
energies1 walked straight up to the     
crucible1 drew it out of the furnace1   
and looked in4 ,the gold was all melted1
 and its surface as smooth and polished 
as a river2 but instead of reflecting   
little ,gluck's head1 as he looked in1  
he saw1 meeting his glance from beneath 
the gold1 the red nose and sharp eyes of
 his old friend of the mug1 a thousand  
times redder and sharper than ever he   
had seen them in his life4  ,come1      
,gluck1 my boy1 said the voice out of   
the pot again1 ,i'm all right2 pour me  
out4  ,but ,gluck was too much          
astonished to do anything of the kind4  

,pour me out1 ,i say1 said the voice    
rather gruffly4  ,still ,gluck couldn't 
move4  ,will you pour me out8 said the  
voice passionately4 ,i'm too hot4  ,by a
 violent effort1 ,gluck recovered the   
use of his limbs1 took hold of the      
crucible1 and sloped it so as to pour   
out the gold4 ,but instead of a liquid  
stream1 there came out1 first1 a pair of
 pretty little yellow legs1 then some   
coat tails1 then a pair of arms stuck   
a-kimbo1 and1 finally1 the well-known   
head of his friend the mug2 all which   
articles1 uniting as they rolled out1   
stood up energetically on the floor1 in 
the shape of a little golden dwarf1     
about a foot and a half high4  ,that's  
right6 said the dwarf1 stretching out   
first his legs and then his arms1 and   
then shaking his head up and down1 and  
as far round as it would go1 for five   
minutes1 without stopping2 apparently   
with the view of ascertaining if he were
 quite correctly put together1 while    
,gluck stood contemplating him in       

speechless amazement4 ,he was dressed in
 a slashed doublet of spun gold1 so fine
 in its texture that the prismatic      
colors gleamed over it1 as if on a      
surface of mother of pearl2 and1 over   
this brilliant doublet1 his hair and    
beard fell full halfway to the ground in
 waving curls so exquisitely delicate   
that ,gluck could hardly tell where they
 ended2 they seemed to melt into air4   
,the features of the face1 however1 were
 by no means finished with the same     
delicacy2 they were rather coarse1      
slightly inclining to coppery in        
complexion1 and indicative1 in          
expression1 of a very pertinacious and  
intractable disposition in their small  
proprietor4 ,when the dwarf had finished
 his self-examination1 he turned his    
small sharp eyes full on ,gluck and     
stared at him deliberately for a minute 
or two4 ,no1 it wouldn't1 ,gluck1 my    
boy1 said the little man4  ,this was    
certainly rather an abrupt and          
unconnected mode of commencing          

conversation4 ,it might indeed be       
supposed to refer to the course of      
,gluck's thoughts1 which had first      
produced the dwarf's observations out of
 the pot2 but whatever it referred to1  
,gluck had no inclination to dispute the
 dictum4  ,wouldn't it1 sir8 said       
,gluck1 very mildly and submissively    
indeed4  ,no1 said the dwarf1           
conclusively4 ,no1 it wouldn't4 ,and    
with that1 the dwarf pulled his cap hard
 over his brows1 and took two turns1 of 
three feet long1 up and down the room1  
lifting his legs up very high1 and      
setting them down very hard4 ,this pause
 gave time for ,gluck to collect his    
thoughts a little1 and1 seeing no great 
reason to view his diminutive visitor   
with dread1 and feeling his curiosity   
overcome his amazement1 he ventured on a
 question of peculiar delicacy4  ,pray1 
sir1 said ,gluck rather hesitatingly1   
were you my mug8  ,on which the little  
man turned sharp round1 walked straight 
up to ,gluck1 and drew himself up to his

 full height4 ,i1 said the little man1  
am the ,king of the ,golden ,river4     
,whereupon he turned about again1 and   
took two more turns1 some six feet long1
 in order to allow time for the         
consternation which this announcement   
produced in his auditor to evaporate4   
,after which1 he again walked up to     
,gluck and stood still1 as if expecting 
some comment on his communication4      
,gluck determined to say something at   
all events4 ,i hope your ,majesty is    
very well1 said ,gluck4  ,listen6 said  
the little man1 deigning no reply to    
this polite inquiry4 ,i am the ,king of 
what you mortals call the ,golden       
,river4 ,the shape you saw me in1 was   
owing to the malice of a stronger king1 
from whose enchantments you have this   
instant freed me4 ,what ,i have seen of 
you1 and your conduct to your wicked    
brothers1 renders me willing to serve   
you2 therefore1 attend to what ,i tell  
you4 ,whoever shall climb to the top of 
that mountain from which you see the    

,golden ,river issue1 and shall cast    
into the stream at its source three     
drops of holy water1 for him1 and for   
him only1 the river shall turn to gold4 
,but no one failing in his first1 can   
succeed in a second attempt2 and if any 
one shall cast unholy water into the    
river1 it will overwhelm him1 and he    
will become a black stone4 ,so saying1  
the ,king of the ,golden ,river turned  
away and deliberately walked into the   
center of the hottest flame of the      
furnace4 ,his figure became red1 white1 
transparent1 dazzling--a blaze of       
intense light--rose1 trembled1 and      
disappeared4 ,the ,king of the ,golden  
,river had evaporated4  ,oh6 cried poor 
,gluck1 running to look up the chimney  
after him2 ,oh1 dear1 dear1 dear me6 ,my
 mug6 my mug6 my mug6   ,,chapter ,,iii 
,,how ,,mr4 ,,hans ,,set ,,off ,,on ,,an
 ,,expedition ,,to ,,the ,,golden       
,,river1 ,,and ,,how ,,he ,,prospered   
,,therein  ,the ,king of the ,golden    
,river had hardly made the extraordinary

 exit1 related in the last chapter1     
before ,hans and ,schwartz came roaring 
into the house1 very savagely drunk4    
,the discovery of the total loss of     
their last piece of plate had the effect
 of sobering them just enough to enable 
them to stand over ,gluck1 beating him  
very steadily for a quarter of an hour2 
at the expiration of which period they  
dropped into a couple of chairs1 and    
requested to know what he had got to say
 for himself4 ,gluck told them his      
story1 of which1 of course1 they did not
 believe a word4 ,they beat him again1  
till their arms were tired1 and         
staggered to bed4 ,in the morning1      
however1 the steadiness with which he   
adhered to his story obtained him some  
degree of credence2 the immediate       
consequence of which was1 that the two  
brothers1 after wrangling a long time on
 the knotty question1 which of them     
should try his fortune first1 drew their
 swords and began fighting4 ,the noise  
of the fray alarmed the neighbors1 who1 

finding they could not pacify the       
combatants1 sent for the constable4     
,hans1 on hearing this1 contrived to    
escape1 and hid himself2 but ,schwartz  
was taken before the magistrate1 fined  
for breaking the peace1 and1 having     
drunk out his last penny the evening    
before1 was thrown into prison till he  
should pay4  ,when ,hans heard this1 he 
was much delighted1 and determined to   
set out immediately for the ,golden     
,river4 ,how to get the holy water was  
the question4 ,he went to the priest1   
but the priest could not give any holy  
water to so abandoned a character4 ,so  
,hans went to vespers in the evening for
 the first time in his life1 and1 under 
pretense of crossing himself1 stole a   
cupful1 and returned home in triumph4   
,next morning he got up before the sun  
rose1 put the holy water into a strong  
flask1 and two bottles of wine and some 
meat in a basket1 slung them over his   
back1 took his alpine staff in his hand1
 and set off for the mountains4  ,on his

 way out of the town he had to pass the 
prison1 and as he looked in at the      
windows1 whom should he see but         
,schwartz himself peeping out of the    
bars1 and looking very disconsolate4    
,good morning1 brother1 said ,hans2 have
 you any message for the ,king of the   
,golden ,river8  ,schwartz gnashed his  
teeth with rage1 and shook the bars with
 all his strength2 but ,hans only       
laughed at him1 and advising him to make
 himself comfortable till he came back  
again1 shouldered his basket1 shook the 
bottle of holy water in ,schwartz's face
 till it frothed again1 and marched off 
in the highest spirits in the world4    
,it was1 indeed1 a morning that might   
have made any one happy1 even with no   
,golden ,river to seek for4 ,level lines
 of dewy mist lay stretched along the   
valley1 out of which rose the massy     
mountains--their lower cliffs in pale   
gray shadow1 hardly distinguishable from
 the floating vapor1 but gradually      
ascending till they caught the sunlight1

 which ran in sharp touches of ruddy    
color along the angular crags1 and      
pierced1 in long level rays1 through    
their fringes of spear-like pine4 ,far  
above1 shot up red splintered masses of 
castellated rock1 jagged and shivered   
into myriads of fantastic forms1 with   
here and there a streak of sunlit snow1 
traced down their chasms like a line of 
forked lightning2 and1 far beyond1 and  
far above all these1 fainter than the   
morning cloud1 but purer and changeless1
 slept1 in the blue sky1 the utmost     
peaks of the eternal snow4  ,the ,golden
 ,river1 which sprang from one of the   
lower and snowless elevations1 was now  
nearly in shadow2 all but the uppermost 
jets of spray1 which rose like slow     
smoke above the undulating line of the  
cataract1 and floated away in feeble    
wreaths upon the morning wind4  ,on this
 object1 and on this alone1 ,hans's eyes
 and thoughts were fixed2 forgetting the
 distance he had to traverse1 he set off
 at an imprudent rate of walking1 which 

greatly exhausted him before he had     
scaled the first range of the green and 
low hills4 ,he was1 moreover1 surprised1
 on surmounting them1 to find that a    
large glacier1 of whose existence1      
notwithstanding his previous knowledge  
of the mountains1 he had been absolutely
 ignorant1 lay between him and the      
source of the ,golden ,river4 ,he       
entered on it with the boldness of a    
practised mountaineer2 yet he thought he
 had never traversed so strange or so   
dangerous a glacier in his life4 ,the   
ice was excessively slippery1 and out of
 all its chasms came wild sounds of     
gushing water2 not monotonous or low1   
but changeful and loud1 rising          
occasionally into drifting passages of  
wild melody2 then breaking off into     
short melancholy tones1 or sudden       
shrieks1 resembling those of human      
voices in distress or pain4 ,the ice was
 broken into thousands of confused      
shapes1 but none1 ,hans thought1 like   
the ordinary forms of splintered ice4   

,there seemed a curious expression about
 all their outlines--a perpetual        
resemblance to living features1         
distorted and scornful4 ,myriads of     
deceitful shadows1 and lurid lights1    
played and floated about and through the
 pale blue pinnacles1 dazzling and      
confusing the sight of the traveler2    
while his ears grew dull and his head   
giddy with the constant gush and roar of
 the concealed waters4 ,these painful   
circumstances increased upon him as he  
advanced2 the ice crashed and yawned    
into fresh chasms at his feet1 tottering
 spires nodded around him1 and fell     
thundering across his path2 and though  
he had repeatedly faced these dangers on
 the most terrific glaciers1 and in the 
wildest weather1 it was with a new and  
oppressive feeling of panic terror that 
he leaped the last chasm1 and flung     
himself1 exhausted and shuddering1 on   
the firm turf of the mountain4  ,he had 
been compelled to abandon his basket of 
food1 which became a perilous           

encumbrance on the glacier1 and had now 
no means of refreshing himself but by   
breaking off and eating some of the     
pieces of ice4 ,this1 however1 relieved 
his thirst2 an hour's repose recruited  
his hardy frame1 and with the           
indomitable spirit of avarice1 he       
resumed his laborious journey4  ,his way
 now lay straight up a ridge of bare red
 rocks1 without a blade of grass to ease
 the foot1 or a projecting angle to     
afford an inch of shade from the south  
sun4 ,it was past noon1 and the rays    
beat intensely upon the steep path1     
while the whole atmosphere was          
motionless and penetrated with heat4    
,intense thirst was soon added to the   
bodily fatigue with which ,hans was now 
afflicted2 glance after glance he cast  
on the flask of water which hung at his 
belt4 ,three drops are enough1 at last  
thought he2 ,i may1 at least1 cool my   
lips with it4  ,he opened the flask1 and
 was raising it to his lips1 when his   
eye fell on an object lying on the rock 

beside him2 he thought it moved4 ,it was
 a small dog1 apparently in the last    
agony of death from thirst4 ,its tongue 
was out1 its jaws dry1 its limbs        
extended lifelessly1 and a swarm of     
black ants were crawling about its lips 
and throat4 ,its eye moved to the bottle
 which ,hans held in his hand4 ,he      
raised it1 drank1 spurned the animal    
with his foot1 and passed on4 ,and he   
did not know how it was1 but he thought 
that a strange shadow had suddenly come 
across the blue sky4  ,the path became  
steeper and more rugged every moment2   
and the high hill air1 instead of       
refreshing him1 seemed to throw his     
blood into a fever4 ,the noise of the   
hill cataracts sounded like mockery in  
his ears2 they were all distant1 and his
 thirst increased every moment4 ,another
 hour passed1 and he again looked down  
to the flask at his side2 it was half   
empty1 but there was much more than     
three drops in it4 ,he stopped to open  
it2 and again1 as he did so1 something  

moved in the path above him4 ,it was a  
fair child1 stretched nearly lifeless on
 the rock1 its breast heaving with      
thirst1 its eyes closed1 and its lips   
parched and burning4 ,hans eyed it      
deliberately1 drank1 and passed on4 ,and
 a dark gray cloud came over the sun1   
and long1 snake-like shadows crept up   
along the mountain sides4 ,hans         
struggled on4 ,the sun was sinking1 but 
its descent seemed to bring no coolness2
 the leaden weight of the dead air      
pressed upon his brow and heart1 but the
 goal was near4 ,he saw the cataract of 
the ,golden ,river springing from the   
hillside1 scarcely five hundred feet    
above him4 ,he paused for a moment to   
breathe1 and sprang on to complete his  
task4  ,at this instant a faint cry fell
 on his ear4 ,he turned1 and saw a      
gray-haired old man extended on the     
rocks4 ,his eyes were sunk1 his features
 deadly pale1 and gathered into an      
expression of despair4 ,water6 he       
stretched his arms to ,hans1 and cried  

feebly1 ,water6 ,i am dying4  ,i have   
none1 replied ,hans2 thou hast had thy  
share of life4 ,he strode over the      
prostrate body1 and darted on4 ,and a   
flash of blue lightning rose out of the 
,east1 shaped like a sword2 it shook    
thrice over the whole heaven1 and left  
it dark with one heavy1 impenetrable    
shade4 ,the sun was setting2 it plunged 
toward the horizon like a red-hot ball4 
,the roar of the ,golden ,river rose on 
,hans's ear4 ,he stood at the brink of  
the chasm through which it ran4 ,its    
waves were filled with the red glory of 
the sunset2 they shook their crests like
 tongues of fire1 and flashes of bloody 
light gleamed along their foam4 ,their  
sound came mightier and mightier on his 
senses2 his brain grew giddy with the   
prolonged thunder4 ,shuddering he drew  
the flask from his girdle1 and hurled it
 into the center of the torrent4 ,as he 
did so1 an icy chill shot through his   
limbs2 he staggered1 shrieked1 and fell4
 ,the waters closed over his cry4 ,and  

the moaning of the river rose wildly    
into the night1 as it gushed over  ,,the
 ,,black ,,stone4   ,,chapter ,,iv      
,,how ,,mr4 ,,schwartz ,,set ,,off ,,on 
,,an ,,expedition ,,to ,,the ,,golden   
,,river1 ,,and ,,how ,,he ,,prospered   
,,therein  ,poor little ,gluck waited   
very anxiously alone in the house for   
,hans's return4 ,finding he did not come
 back1 he was terribly frightened and   
went and told ,schwartz in the prison1  
all that had happened4 ,then ,schwartz  
was very much pleased1 and said that    
,hans must certainly have been turned   
into a black stone1 and he should have  
all the gold to himself4 ,but ,gluck was
 very sorry1 and cried all night4 ,when 
he got up in the morning there was no   
bread in the house1 nor any money2 so   
,gluck went and hired himself to another
 goldsmith1 and he worked so hard1 and  
so neatly1 and so long every day1 that  
he soon got money enough together to pay
 his brother's fine1 and he went and    
gave it all to ,schwartz1 and ,schwartz 

got out of prison4 ,then ,schwartz was  
quite pleased1 and said he should have  
some of the gold of the river4 ,but     
,gluck only begged he would go and see  
what had become of ,hans4  ,now when    
,schwartz had heard that ,hans had      
stolen the holy water1 he thought to    
himself that such a proceeding might not
 be considered altogether correct by the
 ,king of the ,golden ,river1 and       
determined to manage matters better4 ,so
 he took some more of ,gluck's money1   
and went to a bad priest1 who gave him  
some holy water very readily for it4    
,then ,schwartz was sure it was all     
quite right4 ,so ,schwartz got up early 
in the morning before the sun rose1 and 
took some bread and wine1 in a basket1  
and put his holy water in a flask1 and  
set off for the mountains4 ,like his    
brother1 he was much surprised at the   
sight of the glacier1 and had great     
difficulty in crossing it1 even after   
leaving his basket behind him4 ,the day 
was cloudless1 but not bright2 there was

 a heavy purple haze hanging over the   
sky1 and the hills looked lowering and  
gloomy4 ,and as ,schwartz climbed the   
steep rock path1 the thirst came upon   
him1 as it had upon his brother1 until  
he lifted his flask to his lips to      
drink4 ,then he saw the fair child lying
 near him on the rocks1 and it cried to 
him1 and moaned for water4  ,water1     
indeed1 said ,schwartz2 ,i haven't half 
enough for myself1 and passed on4 ,and  
as he went he thought the sunbeams grew 
more dim1 and he saw a low bank of black
 cloud rising out of the ,west2 and1    
when he had climbed for another hour the
 thirst overcame him again1 and he would
 have drunk4 ,then he saw the old man   
lying before him on the path1 and heard 
him cry out for water4 ,water1 indeed1  
said ,schwartz1 ,i haven't enough for   
myself1 and on he went4  ,then again the
 light seemed to fade before his eyes1  
and he looked up1 and1 behold1 a mist1  
of the color of blood1 had come over the
 sun2 and the bank of black cloud had   

risen very high1 and its edges were     
tossing and tumbling like the waves of  
the angry sea4 ,and they cast long      
shadows1 which flickered over           
,schwartz's path4  ,then ,schwartz      
climbed for another hour1 and again his 
thirst returned2 and as he lifted his   
flask to his lips1 he thought he saw his
 brother ,hans lying exhausted on the   
path before him1 and1 as he gazed1 the  
figure stretched its arms to him1 and   
cried for water4 ,ha1 ha1 laughed       
,schwartz1 are you there8 ,remember the 
prison bars1 my boy4 ,water1 indeed6 do 
you suppose ,i carried it all the way up
 here for you8 ,and he strode over the  
figure2 yet1 as he passed1 he thought he
 saw a strange expression of mockery    
about its lips4 ,and1 when he had gone a
 few yards farther1 he looked back2 but 
the figure was not there4  ,and a sudden
 horror came over ,schwartz1 he knew not
 why2 but the thirst for gold prevailed 
over his fear1 and he rushed on4 ,and   
the bank of black cloud rose to the     

zenith1 and out of it came bursts of    
spiry lightning1 and waves of darkness  
seemed to heave and float between their 
flashes over the whole heavens4 ,and the
 sky where the sun was setting was all  
level1 and like a lake of blood2 and a  
strong wind came out of that sky1       
tearing its crimson cloud into          
fragments1 and scattering them far into 
the darkness4 ,and when ,schwartz stood 
by the brink of the ,golden ,river1 its 
waves were black1 like thunder clouds1  
but their foam was like fire2 and the   
roar of the waters below1 and the       
thunder above1 met1 as he cast the flask
 into the stream4 ,and1 as he did so1   
the lightning glared into his eyes1 and 
the earth gave way beneath him1 and the 
waters closed over his cry4 ,and the    
moaning of the river rose wildly into   
the night1 as it gushed over the  ,,two 
,,black ,,stones4   ,,chapter ,v  ,,how 
,,little ,,gluck ,,set ,,off ,,on ,,an  
,,expedition ,,to ,,the ,,golden        
,,river1 ,,and ,,how ,,he ,,prospered   

,,therein2 ,,with ,,other ,,matters ,,of
 ,,interest  ,when ,gluck found that    
,schwartz did not come back he was very 
sorry1 and did not know what to do4 ,he 
had no money1 and was obliged to go and 
hire himself again to the goldsmith1 who
 worked him very hard1 and gave him very
 little money4 ,so1 after a month or    
two1 ,gluck grew tired1 and made up his 
mind to go and try his fortune with the 
,golden ,river4 ,the little ,king looked
 very kind1 thought he4 ,i don't think  
he will turn me into a black stone4 ,so 
he went to the priest1 and the priest   
gave him some holy water as soon as he  
asked for it4 ,then ,gluck took some    
bread in his basket1 and the bottle of  
water1 and set off very early for the   
mountains4  ,if the glacier had         
occasioned a great deal of fatigue to   
his brothers1 it was twenty times worse 
for him1 who was neither so strong nor  
so practised on the mountains4 ,he had  
several bad falls1 lost his basket and  
bread1 and was very much frightened at  

the strange noises under the ice4 ,he   
lay a long time to rest on the grass1   
after he had got over1 and began to     
climb the hill just in the hottest part 
of the day4 ,when he had climbed for an 
hour1 he got dreadfully thirsty1 and was
 going to drink like his brothers1 when 
he saw an old man coming down the path  
above him1 looking very feeble1 and     
leaning on a staff4 ,my son1 said the   
old man1 ,i am faint with thirst4 ,give 
me some of that water4 ,then ,gluck     
looked at him1 and when he saw that he  
was pale and weary1 he gave him the     
water2 ,only pray don't drink it all1   
said ,gluck4 ,but the old man drank a   
great deal1 and gave him back the bottle
 two-thirds empty4 ,then he bade him    
good speed1 and ,gluck went on again    
merrily4 ,and the path became easier to 
his feet1 and two or three blades of    
grass appeared upon it1 and some        
grasshoppers began singing on the bank  
beside it2 and ,gluck thought he had    
never heard such merry singing4  ,then  

he went on for another hour1 and the    
thirst increased on him so that he      
thought he should be forced to drink4   
,but1 as he raised the flask1 he saw a  
little child lying panting by the       
road-side1 and it cried out piteously   
for water4 ,then ,gluck struggled with  
himself1 and determined to bear the     
thirst a little longer2 and he put the  
bottle to the child's lips1 and it drank
 it all but a few drops4 ,then it smiled
 on him1 and got up and ran down the    
hill2 and ,gluck looked after it1 till  
it became as small as a little star1 and
 then turned and began climbing again4  
,and then there were all kinds of sweet 
flowers growing on the rocks1 bright    
green moss with pale pink starry        
flowers1 and soft belled gentians1 more 
blue than the sky at its deepest1 and   
pure white transparent lilies4 ,and     
crimson and purple butterflies darted   
hither and thither1 and the sky sent    
down such pure light that ,gluck had    
never felt so happy in his life4  ,yet1 

when he had climbed for another hour1   
his thirst became intolerable again2    
and1 when he looked at his bottle1 he   
saw that there were only five or six    
drops left in it1 and he could not      
venture to drink4 ,and1 as he was       
hanging the flask to his belt again1 he 
saw a little dog lying on the rocks1    
gasping for breath--just as ,hans had   
seen it on the day of his ascent4 ,and  
,gluck stopped and looked at it1 and    
then at the ,golden ,river1 not five    
hundred yards above him2 and he thought 
of the dwarf's words1 that no one could 
succeed1 except in his first attempt2   
and he tried to pass the dog1 but it    
whined piteously1 and ,gluck stopped    
again4 ,poor beastie1 said ,gluck1 it'll
 be dead when ,i come down again1 if ,i 
don't help it4 ,then he looked closer   
and closer at it1 and its eye turned on 
him so mournfully that he could not     
stand it4 ,confound the ,king and his   
gold1 too1 said ,gluck2 and he opened   
the flask1 and poured all the water into

 the dog's mouth4  ,the dog sprang up   
and stood on its hind legs4 ,its tail   
disappeared1 its ears became long1      
longer1 silky1 golden2 its nose became  
very red1 its eyes became very          
twinkling2 in three seconds the dog was 
gone1 and before ,gluck stood his old   
acquaintance1 the ,king of the ,golden  
,river4  ,thank you1 said the monarch2  
but don't be frightened1 it's all right2
 for ,gluck showed manifest symptoms of 
consternation at this unlooked-for reply
 to his last observation4 ,why didn't   
you come before1 continued the dwarf1   
instead of sending me those rascally    
brothers of yours1 for me to have the   
trouble of turning into stones8 ,very   
hard stones they make1 too4  ,oh1 dear  
me6 said ,gluck1 have you really been so
 cruel8  ,cruel6 said the dwarf3 they   
poured unholy water into my stream2 do  
you suppose ,i'm going to allow that8   
,why1 said ,gluck1 ,i am sure1 sir--your
 ,majesty1 ,i mean1--they got the water 
out of the church font4  ,very probably1

 replied the dwarf2 but1 and his        
countenance grew stern as he spoke1 the 
water which has been refused to the cry 
of the weary and dying is unholy1 though
 it had been blessed by every saint in  
heaven2 and the water which is found in 
the vessel of mercy is holy1 though it  
had been defiled with corpses4  ,so     
saying1 the dwarf stooped and plucked a 
lily that grew at his feet4 ,on its     
white leaves there hung three drops of  
clear dew4 ,and the dwarf shook them    
into the flask which ,gluck held in his 
hand4 ,cast these into the river1 he    
said1 and descend on the other side of  
the mountains into the ,treasure        
,valley1 and so good speed4  ,as he     
spoke1 the figure of the dwarf became   
indistinct4 ,the playing colors of his  
robe formed themselves into a prismatic 
mist of dewy light3 he stood for an     
instant veiled with them as with the    
belt of a broad rainbow4 ,the colors    
grew faint1 the mist rose into the air2 
the monarch had evaporated4  ,and ,gluck

 climbed to the brink of the ,golden    
,river and its waves were as clear as   
crystal1 and as brilliant as the sun4   
,and1 when he cast the three drops of   
dew into the stream1 there opened where 
they fell1 a small circular whirlpool1  
into which the waters descended with a  
musical noise4  ,gluck stood watching it
 for some time1 very much disappointed1 
because not only the river was not      
turned into gold but its waters seemed  
much diminished in quantity4 ,yet he    
obeyed his friend the dwarf1 and        
descended the other side of the         
mountains1 towards the ,treasure        
,valley2 and1 as he went1 he thought he 
heard the noise of water working its way
 under the ground4 ,and when he came in 
sight of the ,treasure ,valley1 behold1 
a river1 like the ,golden ,river1 was   
springing from a new cleft of the rocks 
above it1 and was flowing in innumerable
 streams among the dry heaps of red     
sand4  ,and1 as ,gluck gazed1 fresh     
grass sprang beside the new streams1 and

 creeping plants grew1 and climbed among
 the moistening soil4 ,young flowers    
opened suddenly along the river sides1  
as stars leap out when twilight is      
deepening1 and thickets of myrtle1 and  
tendrils of vine1 cast lengthening      
shadows over the valley as they grew4   
,and thus the ,treasure ,valley became a
 garden again1 and the inheritance1     
which had been lost by cruelty1 was     
regained by love4  ,and ,gluck went and 
dwelt in the valley1 and the poor were  
never driven from his door2 so that his 
barns became full of corn1 and his house
 of treasure4 ,and for him1 the river   
had1 according to the dwarf's promise1  
become a ,river of ,gold4  ,and1 to this
 day1 the inhabitants of the valley     
point out the place where the three     
drops of holy dew were cast into the    
stream1 and trace the course of the     
,golden ,river under the ground1 until  
it emerges in the ,treasure ,valley4    
,and at the top of the cataract of the  
,golden ,river are still to be seen     

,,two ,,black ,,stones1 round which the 
waters howl mournfully every day at     
sunset2 and these stones are still      
called by the people of the valley      
,,the ,,black ,,brothers4     ,,section 
,v  ,,fables ,,and ,,symbolic ,,stories 
,,bibliography     ,jacobs1 ,joseph1    
,history of the ,aesopic ,fable4        
,the only elaborate and scholarly study 
in         ,english4 ,vol4 ,i of a      
reprint of ,caxton's         ,aesop4    
,bibliotheque de ,carabas ,series4      
,published in #ahhi in a limited edition
 and not         easily accessible4     
,jacobs1 ,joseph1 ,the ,fables of       
,aesop4 ,illustrated by ,richard        
,heighway4          ,eighty-two selected
 fables4 ,the ,introduction is         a
 summary of all the essential           
conclusions         reached in the study
 above4    ,wiggin1 ,kate ,d41 and      
,smith1 ,nora ,a41 ,the ,talking        
,beasts4          ,the best general     
collection from all fields1             
including both the folk fable and the   

modern         literary fable4          
,babbitt1 ,ellen ,c41 ,jataka ,tales    
,retold4    ,dutton1 ,maude ,barrows1   
,the ,tortoise and the ,geese1 and      
,other       ,fables of ,bidpai4        
,ramaswami ,raju1 ,p4 ,v41 ,indian ,folk
 ,stories and ,fables4          ,these  
three books are excellent for simplified
         versions of the eastern group4 
,those desiring         to get closer to
 the sources may refer to               
,cowell ed41 ,the ,jataka1 or ,stories  
of the         ,buddha's ,former        
,births2 ,rhys-,davids1 ,buddhist       
,birth ,stories2 ,keith-,falconer1      
,bidpai's         ,fables4              
,,suggestions ,,for ,,reading  ,it is   
possible to piece out a very            
satisfactory account of the nature and  
history of the traditional fable by     
looking up in any good encyclopedia the 
brief articles under the following      
heads3 ,folklore1 ,fable1 ,parable1     
,apologue1 ,a,esop1 ,demetrius of       
,phalerum1 ,babrias1 ,phaedrus1 ,avian1 

,romulus1 ,maximus ,planudes1 ,jataka1  
,bidpai1 ,panchatantra1 ,hitopadesa4    
,for a popular account of the whole     
philosophy of the apologue consult      
,newbigging1 ,fables and ,fabulists3    
,ancient and ,modern4  ,for distinctions
 between various kinds of symbolic tales
 see ,canby1 ,the ,short ,story in      
,english 7pp4 #bc ff472 ,trench1 ,notes 
on the ,parables 7,introduction72       
,smith1 ,the ,fable and ,kindred ,forms1
 ,journal of ,english and ,germanic     
,philology1 ,vol4 ,,xiv1 p4 #eai4  ,for 
origins and parallels read ,mueller1 ,on
 the ,migration of ,fables1 ,selected   
,essays1 ,vol4 ,i 7reprinted in large   
part in ,warner1 ,library of the        
,world's ,best ,literature1 ,vol4       
,,xviii72 ,clouston1 ,popular ,tales and
 ,fictions1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bff1 and ,vol4
 ,,ii1 p4 #dcb4 ,the more general       
treatises on folklore all touch on these
 problems4  ,for suggestions on the use 
of fables with children see             
,mac,clintock1 ,literature in the       

,elementary ,school 7chap4 xi72 ,adler1 
,moral ,instruction of ,children 7chaps4
 vii and viii72 ,mc,murry1 ,special     
,method in ,reading in the ,grades 7p4  
#gj74  ,for a clear and helpful account 
of the ,french writers of fables1 the   
most important modern group1 read       
,collins1 ,la ,fontaine and ,other      
,french ,fabulists4 ,representative     
examples are given in most excellent    
translation4 ,the best complete         
translation of ,la ,fontaine is by      
,elizur ,wright2 of ,krylov1 in verse by
 ,i4 ,h4 ,harrison1 in prose by ,w4 ,r4 
,s4 ,ralston2 of ,yriarte1 by ,r4       
,rockliffe4 ,gay's complete collection  
may be found in any edition of his      
poems4  ,satisfactory collections of    
proverbial sayings useful in finding    
expressions for the wisdom found in     
fables are ,christy1 ,proverbs1 ,maxims1
 and ,phrases of ,all ,ages2 ,hazlitt1  
,english ,proverbs and ,proverbial      
,phrases2 ,trench1 ,proverbs and ,their 
,lessons4  ,a book of great suggestive  

value covering the whole field of the   
prose story is ,fansler1 ,types of      
,prose ,narratives4 ,it contains        
elaborate classifications1 discussions  
and examples of each type1 and an       
extended bibliography4 ,pp4 #hc-abg deal
 with fables1 parables1 and allegories4 
,,section ,v3 ,,fables ,,and ,,symbolic 
,,stories  ,,introductory  ,the         
character and value of fables4 ,some one
 has pointed out that there are two     
kinds of ideals by which we are guided  
in life and that these ideals may be    
compared to lighthouses and lanterns4   
,by means of the lighthouse1 remote and 
lofty1 we are able to lay a course and  
to know at any time whether we are      
headed in the right direction4 ,but     
while we are moving along a difficult   
road we need more immediate illumination
 to avoid the mudholes and              
stumbling-places close at hand4 ,we need
 the humble lantern to show us where we 
may safely step4  ,fables are lanterns  
by which our feet are guided4 ,they     

embody the practical rules for everyday 
uses1 rules of prudence that have been  
tested and approved by untold           
generations of travelers along the      
arduous road of life4 ,they chart only  
minor dangers and difficult places as a 
rule1 but these are the ones with which 
we are always in direct contact4 ,being 
honest because it is the best policy is 
not the highest reason for honesty1 but 
it is what a practical world has found  
to be best in practice4 ,fables simply  
give us the rules of the road1 and these
 rules contribute greatly to our        
convenience and safety4 ,such rules are 
the result of the common sense of man   
working upon his everyday problems4 ,to 
violate one of these practical rules is 
to be a blunderer1 and blundering is a  
subject for jest rather than bitter     
denouncement4 ,hence the humorous and   
satirical note in fables4  ,the         
practical1 self-made men of the world1  
who have done things and inspired others
 to do them1 have always placed great   

emphasis upon common-sense ideals4      
,benjamin ,franklin1 by his ,poor       
,richard's ,almanac1 kept the incentives
 to industry and thrift before a people 
who needed to practice these everyday   
rules if they were to conquer an        
unwilling wilderness4 ,so well did he do
 his work that after nearly two hundred 
years we are still quoting his pithy    
sayings4 ,it may be that his proverbs   
were all borrowed1 but the rules of the 
road are not matters for constant       
experiment4 ,again1 no account of       
,abraham ,lincoln can omit his use of   
,a,esop or of ,a,esop-like stories to   
enforce his ideas4 ,his homely stories  
were so pat that there was nothing left 
for the opposition to say4 ,only one who
 grasps the heart of a problem can use  
concrete illustrations with such effect4
  ,no one really questions the truths   
enforced by the more familiar fables4   
,but since these teachings are so       
commonplace and obvious1 they cannot be 
impressed upon us by mere repetition of 

the teachings as such4 ,to secure the   
emphasis needed the world gradually     
evolved a body of striking stories and  
proverbs by which the standing rules of 
everyday life are displayed in terms    
that cling like burrs4 ,the peculiar    
value of the fable1 says ,dr4 ,adler1 is
 that they are instantaneous            
photographs1 which reproduce1 as it     
were1 in a single flash of light1 some  
one aspect of human nature1 and which1  
excluding everything else1 permit the   
entire attention to be fixed on that    
one4  ,a,esop and ,bidpai4 ,the type of 
fable in mind in the above account is   
that known as the ,a,esopic1 a brief    
beast-story in which the characters are1
 as a rule1 conventionalized animals1   
and which points out some practical     
moral4 ,the fox may represent crafty    
people1 the ass may represent stupid    
people1 the wind may represent          
boisterous people1 the tortoise may     
represent plodding people who keep      
everlastingly at it4 ,when human beings 

are introduced1 such as the ,shepherd   
,boy1 or ,androcles1 or the ,travelers1 
or the ,milkmaid1 they are as wholly    
conventionalized as the animals and     
there is never any doubt as to their    
motives4 ,a,esop1 if he ever existed at 
all1 is said to have been a ,greek slave
 of the sixth century ,b4,c41 very ugly 
and clever1 who used fables orally for  
political purposes and succeeded in     
gaining his freedom and a high position4
 ,later writers1 among them ,demetrius  
of ,phalerum about #cjj ,b4,c4 and      
,phaedrus about #cj ,a4,d41 made        
versions of fables ascribed to ,a,esop4 
,many writers in the ,middle ,ages      
brought together increasing numbers of  
fables under ,a,esop's name and enlarged
 upon the few traditional facts in      
,herodotus about ,a,esop himself until  
several hundred fables and an elaborate 
biography of the supposed author were in
 existence4 ,joseph ,jacobs said he had 
counted as many as #gjj different fables
 going under ,a,esop's name4 ,the number

 included in a present-day book of      
,a,esop usually varies from #bjj to     
#cej4 ,another name associated with the 
making of fables is that of ,bidpai 7or 
,pilpay71 said to have been a           
philosopher attached to the court of    
some oriental king4 ,bidpai1 a name     
which means head scholar1 is a more     
shadowy figure even than ,a,esop4 ,what 
we can be sure of is that there were two
 centers1 ,greece and ,india1 from which
 fables were diffused4 ,whether they all
 came originally from a single source1  
and1 if so1 what that source was1 are   
questions still debated by scholars4    
,modern fabulists4 ,modern fables are no
 more possible than a new ,mother ,goose
 or a new fairy story4 ,for modern times
 the method of the fable is at once too 
simple and too roundabout4 ,too         
roundabout2 for the truths we have to   
tell we prefer to speak out directly and
 not by way of allegory4 ,and the truths
 the fable has to teach are too simple  
to correspond to the facts in our       

complex civilization4 ,no modern        
fabulist has duplicated in his field the
 success of ,hans ,christian ,andersen  
in the field of the nursery story4 ,a   
few fables from ,la ,fontaine1 a few    
from ,krylov1 one or two each from ,gay1
 ,cowper1 ,yriarte1 and ,lessing may be 
used to good advantage with children4   
,the general broadening of literary     
variety has1 of course1 given us in     
recent times many valuable stories of   
the symbolistic kind4 ,suggestive       
parable-like or allegorical stories1    
such as a few of ,hawthorne's in ,twice 
,told ,tales and ,mosses from an ,old   
,manse1 or a few of ,tolstoy's short    
tales1 are simple enough for children4  
,the use of fables in school4 ,not all  
fables are good for educational         
purposes4 ,there is1 however1 plenty of 
room for choice1 and those that present 
points of view no longer accepted by the
 modern world should be eliminated from 
the list4 ,objections based on the      
unreality of the fables1 their unnatural

 natural history1 are hardly valid4     
,rousseau's elimination of fables from  
his scheme of education in ,emile is    
based on this objection and on the      
further point that the child will often 
sympathize with the wrong character in  
the story1 thus going astray in the     
moral lesson4 ,other objectors down to  
the present day simply echo ,rousseau4  
,such a view does little justice to the 
child's natural sense of values4 ,he is 
certain to see that the ,frog is foolish
 in competing with the ,ox in size1 and 
certain to recognize the common sense of
 the ,country ,mouse4 ,he will no more  
be deceived by a fable than he will by  
the painted clown in a circus4  ,the    
oral method of presentation is the ideal
 one4 ,tell the story in as vivid a form
 as possible4 ,in the earlier grades the
 interest in the story may be a         
sufficient end1 but almost from the     
beginning children will see the lesson  
intended4 ,they will catch the phrases  
that have come from fables into our     

everyday speech4 ,thus1 sour grapes1 dog
 in the manger1 to blow hot and cold1 to
 kill the goose that lays the golden    
eggs1 to cry ',wolf6' will take on more 
significant meanings4 ,if some familiar 
proverb goes hand in hand with the      
story1 it will help the point to take   
fast hold in the mind4 ,applications of 
the fable to real events should be      
encouraged4 ,that is what fables were   
made for and that is where their chief  
value for us is still manifest4 ,only a 
short time need be spent on any one     
fable1 but every opportunity should be  
taken to call up and apply the fables   
already learned4 ,for they are not      
merely for passing amusement1 nor is    
their value confined to childhood4      
,listen to ,john ,locke1 one of the     
hardest-headed of philosophers3 ,as soon
 as a child has learned to read1 it is  
desirable to place in his hands pleasant
 books1 suited to his capacity1 wherein 
the entertainment that he finds might   
draw him on1 and reward his pains in    

reading2 and yet not such as should fill
 his head with perfectly useless        
trumpery1 or lay the principles of vice 
and folly4 ,to this purpose ,i think    
,a,esop's ,fables the best1 which being 
stories apt to delight and entertain a  
child1 may yet afford useful reflections
 to a grown man1 and if his memory      
retain them all his life after1 he will 
not repent to find them there1 amongst  
his manly thoughts and serious business4
          ,the best ,a,esop collection  
for teachers and         pupils alike is
 ,the ,fables of ,a,esop1 edited by     
,joseph ,jacobs4 ,it contains eighty-two
 selected         fables1 including     
those that are most familiar         and
 most valuable for children4 ,the       
versions         are standards of what  
such retellings should         be1 and  
may well serve as models for teachers   
in their presentation of other short    
symbolic         stories4 ,the          
introduction1 ,a ,short ,history of     
the ,a,esopic ,fable1 and the notes at  

the end of         the book contain1 in 
concise form1 all the         practical 
information needed4 ,the text of the    
,jacobs versions was the one selected   
for         reproduction in ,dr4        
,eliot's ,harvard ,classics4            
,nos4 #bje1 #bjf1 #bjg1 #bjh1 #bji1     
#bac1 and #bcc in         the following 
group are by ,mr4 ,jacobs4 ,the         
other ,a,esopic fables given are from   
various         collections of the      
traditional versions4 ,almost           
any of the many reprints called ,a,esop 
are         satisfactory for fables not 
found in ,jacobs4         ,perhaps the  
one most common in recent times is      
that made by ,thomas ,james in #ahdh1   
which had         the good fortune to be
 illustrated by ,tenniel4         ,the  
versions are brief and not overloaded   
with         editorial filling4    #bje 
,,the ,,shepherd',s ,,boy  ,there was   
once a young ,shepherd ,boy who tended  
his sheep at the foot of a mountain near
 a dark forest4 ,it was rather lonely   

for him all day1 so he thought upon a   
plan by which he could get a little     
company and some excitement4 ,he rushed 
down towards the village calling out    
,wolf6 ,wolf6 and the villagers came out
 to meet him1 and some of them stopped  
with him for a considerable time4 ,this 
pleased the boy so much that a few days 
afterwards he tried the same trick1 and 
again the villagers came to his help4   
,but shortly after this a ,wolf actually
 did come out from the forest1 and began
 to worry the sheep1 and the boy of     
course cried out ,wolf6 ,wolf6 still    
louder than before4 ,but this time the  
villagers1 who had been fooled twice    
before1 thought the boy was again       
deceiving them1 and nobody stirred to   
come to his help4 ,so the ,wolf made a  
good meal off the boy's flock1 and when 
the boy complained1 the wise man of the 
village said3  ,a liar will not be      
believed1 even when he speaks the truth4
    #bjf   ,,the ,,lion ,,and ,,the     
,,mouse  ,once when a ,lion was asleep a

 little ,mouse began running up and down
 upon him2 this soon wakened the ,lion1 
who placed his huge paw upon him and    
opened his big jaws to swallow him4     
,pardon1 ,o ,king1 cried the little     
,mouse2 forgive me this time2 ,i shall  
never forget it4 ,who knows but what ,i 
may be able to do you a good turn some  
of these days8 ,the ,lion was so tickled
 at the idea of the ,mouse being able to
 help him1 that he lifted up his paw and
 let him go4 ,some time after the ,lion 
was caught in a trap1 and the hunters1  
who desired to carry him alive to the   
,king1 tied him to a tree while they    
went in search of a wagon to carry him  
on4 ,just then the little ,mouse        
happened to pass by1 and seeing the sad 
plight in which the ,lion was1 went up  
to him and soon gnawed away the ropes   
that bound the ,king of the ,beasts4    
,was ,i not right8 said the little      
,mouse4  ,little friends may prove great
 friends4    #bjg   ,,the ,,crow ,,and  
,,the ,,pitcher  ,a ,crow1 half-dead    

with thirst1 came upon a ,pitcher which 
had once been full of water2 but when   
the ,crow put its beak into the mouth of
 the ,pitcher he found that only very   
little water was left in it1 and that he
 could not reach far enough down to get 
at it4 ,he tried and he tried1 but at   
last had to give up in despair4 ,then a 
thought came to him1 and he took a      
pebble and dropped it into the ,pitcher4
 ,then he took another pebble and       
dropped it into the ,pitcher4 ,then he  
took another pebble and dropped that    
into the ,pitcher4 ,then he took another
 pebble and dropped that into the       
,pitcher4 ,then he took another pebble  
and dropped that into the ,pitcher4     
,then he took another pebble and dropped
 that into the ,pitcher4 ,at last1 at   
last1 he saw the water mount up near    
him2 and after casting in a few more    
pebbles he was able to quench his thirst
 and save his life4  ,little by little  
does the trick4    #bjh   ,,the ,,frog  
,,and ,,the ,,ox  ,oh1 ,father1 said a  

little ,frog to the big one sitting by  
the side of a pool1 ,i have seen such a 
terrible monster6 ,it was as big as a   
mountain1 with horns on its head1 and a 
long tail1 and it had hoofs divided in  
two4  ,tush1 child1 tush1 said the old  
,frog1 that was only ,farmer ,white's   
,ox4 ,it isn't so big either2 he may be 
a little bit taller than ,i1 but ,i     
could easily make myself quite as broad2
 just you see4 ,so he blew himself out1 
and blew himself out1 and blew himself  
out4 ,was he as big as that8 asked he4  
,oh1 much bigger than that1 said the    
young ,frog4  ,again the old one blew   
himself out1 and asked the young one if 
the ,ox was as big as that4  ,bigger1   
,father1 bigger1 was the reply4  ,so the
 ,frog took a deep breath1 and blew and 
blew and blew1 and swelled and swelled  
and swelled4 ,and then he said3 ,i'm    
sure the ,ox is not as big as-- ,but at 
this moment he burst4  ,self-conceit may
 lead to self-destruction4    #bji      
,,the ,,frogs ,,desiring ,a ,,king      

,frogs were living as happy as could be 
in a marshy swamp that just suited them2
 they went splashing about1 caring for  
nobody and nobody troubling with them4  
,but some of them thought that this was 
not right1 that they should have a king 
and a proper constitution1 so they      
determined to send up a petition to     
,jove to give them what they wanted4    
,mighty ,jove1 they cried1 send unto us 
a king that will rule over us and keep  
us in order4 ,jove laughed at their     
croaking1 and threw down into the swamp 
a huge ,log1 which came                 
down--kersplash--into the water4 ,the   
,frogs were frightened out of their     
lives by the commotion made in their    
midst1 and all rushed to the bank to    
look at the horrible monster2 but after 
a time1 seeing that it did not move1 one
 or two of the boldest of them ventured 
out towards the ,log1 and even dared to 
touch it2 still it did not move4 ,then  
the greatest hero of the ,frogs jumped  
upon the ,log and commenced dancing up  

and down upon it2 thereupon all the     
,frogs came and did the same2 and for   
some time the ,frogs went about their   
business every day without taking the   
slightest notice of their new ,king ,log
 lying in their midst4 ,but this did not
 suit them1 so they sent another        
petition to ,jove1 and said to him3 ,we 
want a real king2 one that will really  
rule over us4 ,now this made ,jove      
angry1 so he sent among them a big      
,stork that soon set to work gobbling   
them all up4 ,then the ,frogs repented  
when too late4  ,better no rule than    
cruel rule4    #baj          ,the       
following fable is found in the folklore
 of         many countries4 ,its lesson 
of consolation for         those who are
 not blessed with abundance of          
worldly goods may account for its       
widespread         popularity4          
,independence and freedom from fear     
have advantages that make up for poorer 
fare4   ,,the ,,field ,,mouse ,,and     
,,the ,,town ,,mouse  ,a ,field ,mouse  

had a friend who lived in a house in    
town4 ,now the ,town ,mouse was asked by
 the ,field ,mouse to dine with him1 and
 out he went and sat down to a meal of  
corn and wheat4  ,do you know1 my       
friend1 said he1 that you live a mere   
ant's life out here8 ,why1 ,i have all  
kinds of things at home4 ,come1 and     
enjoy them4  ,so the two set off for    
town1 and there the ,town ,mouse showed 
his beans and meal1 his dates1 too1 and 
his cheese and fruit and honey4 ,and as 
the ,field ,mouse ate1 drank1 and was   
merry1 he thought how rich his friend   
was1 and how poor he was4  ,but as they 
ate1 a man all at once opened the door1 
and the ,mice were in such a fear that  
they ran into a crack4  ,then1 when they
 would eat some nice figs1 in came a    
maid to get a pot of honey or a bit of  
cheese2 and when they saw her1 they hid 
in a hole4  ,then the ,field ,mouse     
would eat no more1 but said to the ,town
 ,mouse1 ,do as you like1 my good       
friend2 eat all you want and have your  

fill of good things1 but you will be    
always in fear of your life4 ,as for me1
 poor ,mouse1 who have only corn and    
wheat1 ,i will live on at home in no    
fear of any one4    #baa          ,this 
simple poem is based upon the old fable 
preceding4 ,it does not follow out the  
idea of         the fable1 but limits   
itself to awakening our         sympathy
 for the garden mouse4   ,,the ,,city   
,,mouse ,,and ,,the ,,garden ,,mouse    
,,christina ,g4 ,,rossetti          ,the
 city mouse lives in a house2--         
,the garden mouse lives in a bower2     
,he's friendly with the frogs and toads1
           ,and sees the pretty plants  
in flower4          ,the city mouse eats
 bread and cheese2--           ,the     
garden mouse eats what he can2          
,we will not grudge him seeds and       
stocks1           ,poor little timid    
furry man4    #bab          ,the most   
famous use of this fable in literature  
is found in the ,satires of the great   
,roman         poet1 ,horace 7,b4,c4    

#fe-h74 ,he is regarded as one          
of the most polished of writers1 and the
         ancient world's most truthful  
painter of social         life and      
manners4 ,horace had a country seat     
among the ,sabine hills to which he     
could retire         from the worries   
and distractions of the world4          
,his delight in his ,sabine farm is     
shown clearly         in his handling of
 the story4 ,the passage is a           
part of ,book ,,ii1 ,satire #f1 and is  
in         ,conington's translation4    
,some well-known         appearances of 
this same fable in ,english             
poetry may be found in ,prior and       
,montagu's         ,city ,mouse and     
,country ,mouse and in ,pope's          
,imitations of ,horace4   ,,the         
,,country ,,mouse ,,and ,,the ,,town    
,,mouse  ,,horace          ,one day a   
country mouse in his poor home          
,received an ancient friend1 a mouse    
from ,rome4         ,the host1 though   
close and careful1 to a guest           

,could open still2 so now he did his    
best4         ,he spares not oats or    
vetches2 in his chaps         ,raisins  
he brings1 and nibbled bacon-scraps1    
,hoping by varied dainties to entice    
,his town-bred guest1 so delicate and   
nice4         ,who condescended         
graciously to touch         ,thing after
 thing1 but never would take much1      
,while he1 the owner of the mansion1    
sate         ,on threshed-out straw1 and
 spelt and darnels ate4         ,at     
length the town mouse cries1 ,i wonder  
how         ,you can live here1 friend1 
on this hill's rough brow6         ,take
 my advice1 and leave these ups and     
downs1         ,this hill and dale1 for 
humankind and towns4         ,come1 now1
 go home with me2 remember1 all         
,who live on earth are mortal1 great and
 small4         ,then take1 good sir1   
your pleasure while you may2            
,with life so short1 'twere wrong to    
lose a day4         ,this reasoning made
 the rustic's head turn round2          

,forth from his hole he issues with a   
bound1         ,and they two make       
together for their mark1         ,in    
hopes to reach the city during dark4    
,the midnight sky was bending over all1 
,when they set foot within a stately    
hall1         ,where couches of wrought 
ivory had been spread         ,with     
gorgeous coverlets of ,tyrian red1      
,and viands piled up high in baskets    
lay1         ,the relics of a feast of  
yesterday4         ,the town mouse does 
the honors1 lays his guest         ,at  
ease upon a couch with crimson dressed1 
,then nimbly moves in character of host1
         ,and offers in succession      
boiled and roast2         ,nay1 like a  
well-trained slave1 each wish prevents1 
,and tastes before the titbits he       
presents4         ,the guest1 rejoicing 
in his altered fare1         ,assumes in
 turn a genial diner's air1             
,when1 hark1 a sudden banging of the    
door6         ,each from his couch is   
tumbled on the floor4         ,half     

dead1 they scurry round the room1 poor  
things1         ,while the whole house  
with barking mastiffs rings4            
,then says the rustic1 ,it may do for   
you1         ,this life1 but ,i don't   
like it2 so1 adieu4         ,give me my 
hole1 secure from all alarms2           
,i'll prove that tares and vetches still
 have charms4    #bac          ,the     
following is the ,androcles story as    
retold         by ,jacobs4 ,scholars    
think this fable is clearly             
oriental in its origin1 constituting as 
it does         a sort of appeal to     
tyrannical rulers for         leniency  
toward their subjects4   ,,androcles  ,a
 ,slave named ,androcles once escaped   
from his master and fled to the forest4 
,as he was wandering about there he came
 upon a ,lion lying down moaning and    
groaning4 ,at first he turned to flee1  
but finding that the ,lion did not      
pursue him1 he turned back and went up  
to him4 ,as he came near1 the ,lion put 
out his paw1 which was all swollen and  

bleeding1 and ,androcles found that a   
huge thorn had got into it1 and was     
causing all the pain4 ,he pulled out the
 thorn and bound up the paw of the      
,lion1 who was soon able to rise and    
lick the hand of ,androcles like a dog4 
,then the ,lion took ,androcles to his  
cave1 and every day used to bring him   
meat from which to live4 ,but shortly   
afterwards both ,androcles and the ,lion
 were captured1 and the slave was       
sentenced to be thrown to the ,lion1    
after the latter had been kept without  
food for several days4 ,the ,emperor and
 all his ,court came to see the         
spectacle1 and ,androcles was led out   
into the middle of the arena4 ,soon the 
,lion was let loose from his den1 and   
rushed bounding and roaring towards his 
victim4 ,but as soon as he came near to 
,androcles he recognized his friend1 and
 fawned upon him1 and licked his hands  
like a friendly dog4 ,the ,emperor1     
surprised at this1 summoned ,androcles  
to him1 who told him the whole story4   

,whereupon the slave was pardoned and   
freed1 and the ,lion let loose to his   
native forest4  ,gratitude is the sign  
of noble souls4    #bad          ,the   
preceding fable is here given in the    
form         used in ,thomas ,day's very
 famous1 but probably         little    
read1 ,history of ,sandford and ,merton4
         7,see ,no4 #chj47 ,day's use of
 the story is         probably          
responsible for its modern popularity4  
,jacobs points out that it dropped out  
of ,a,esop1         although it was in  
some of the medieval fable              
books4 ,a very similar tale1 ,of the    
,remembrance         of ,benefits1 is in
 the ,gesta ,romanorum 7,tale           
#ajd74 ,the most striking use of the    
fable in         modern literature is in
 ,george ,bernard ,shaw's         play  
,androcles4 ,it will be instructive to  
compare the force of ,day's rather heavy
 and         slow telling of the story  
with that of the         concise1       
unelaborated version by ,jacobs4        

,,androcles ,,and ,,the ,,lion  ,,thomas
 ,,day  ,there was a certain slave named
 ,androcles1 who was so ill-treated by  
his master that his life became         
insupportable4 ,finding no remedy for   
what he suffered1 he at length said to  
himself1 ,it is better to die than to   
continue to live in such hardships and  
misery as ,i am obliged to suffer4 ,i am
 determined therefore to run away from  
my master4 ,if ,i am taken again1 ,i    
know that ,i shall be punished with a   
cruel death2 but it is better to die at 
once than to live in misery4 ,if ,i     
escape1 ,i must betake myself to deserts
 and woods1 inhabited only by wild      
beasts2 but they cannot use me more     
cruelly than ,i have been used by my    
fellow-creatures4 ,therefore ,i will    
rather trust myself with them than      
continue to be a miserable slave4       
,having formed this resolution1 he took 
an opportunity of leaving his master's  
house1 and hid himself in a thick       
forest1 which was at some miles'        

distance from the city4 ,but here the   
unhappy man found that he had only      
escaped from one kind of misery to      
experience another4 ,he wandered about  
all day through a vast and trackless    
wood1 where his flesh was continually   
torn by thorns and brambles4 ,he grew   
hungry1 but could find no food in this  
dreary solitude4 ,at length he was ready
 to die with fatigue1 and lay down in   
despair in a large cavern which he found
 by accident4  ,this unfortunate man had
 not lain long quiet in the cavern1     
before he heard a dreadful noise1 which 
seemed to be the roar of some wild      
beast1 and terrified him very much4 ,he 
started up with a design to escape and  
had already reached the mouth of the    
cave when he saw coming towards him a   
lion of prodigious size1 who prevented  
any possibility of retreat4 ,the        
unfortunate man then believed his       
destruction to be inevitable2 but1 to   
his great astonishment1 the beast       
advanced towards him with a gentle pace1

 without any mark of enmity or rage1 and
 uttered a kind of mournful voice1 as if
 he demanded the assistance of the man4 
,androcles1 who was naturally of a      
resolute disposition1 acquired courage  
from this circumstance1 to examine his  
monstrous guest1 who gave him sufficient
 leisure for that purpose4 ,he saw1 as  
the lion approached him1 that he seemed 
to limp upon one of his legs and that   
the foot was extremely swelled as if it 
had been wounded4 ,acquiring still more 
fortitude from the gentle demeanor of   
the beast1 he advanced up to him and    
took hold of the wounded paw1 as a      
surgeon would examine a patient4 ,he    
then perceived that a thorn of uncommon 
size had penetrated the ball of the foot
 and was the occasion of the swelling   
and lameness he had observed4 ,androcles
 found that the beast1 far from         
resenting this familiarity1 received it 
with the greatest gentleness and seemed 
to invite him by his blandishments to   
proceed4 ,he therefore extracted the    

thorn1 and1 pressing the swelling1      
discharged a considerable quantity of   
matter1 which had been the cause of so  
much pain and uneasiness4  ,as soon as  
the beast felt himself thus relieved1 he
 began to testify his joy and gratitude 
by every expression within his power4   
,he jumped about like a wanton spaniel1 
wagged his enormous tail1 and licked the
 feet and hands of his physician4 ,nor  
was he contented with these             
demonstrations of kindness2 from this   
moment ,androcles became his guest2 nor 
did the lion ever sally forth in quest  
of prey without bringing home the       
produce of his chase and sharing it with
 his friend4 ,in this savage state of   
hospitality did the man continue to live
 during the space of several months4 ,at
 length1 wandering unguardedly through  
the woods1 he met with a company of     
soldiers sent out to apprehend him1 and 
was by them taken prisoner and conducted
 back to his master4 ,the laws of that  
country being very severe against       

slaves1 he was tried and found guilty of
 having fled from his master1 and1 as a 
punishment for his pretended crime1 he  
was sentenced to be torn in pieces by a 
furious lion1 kept many days without    
food to inspire him with additional     
rage4  ,when the destined moment        
arrived1 the unhappy man was exposed1   
unarmed1 in the midst of a spacious     
area1 enclosed on every side1 round     
which many thousand people were         
assembled to view the mournful          
spectacle4  ,presently a dreadful yell  
was heard1 which struck the spectators  
with horror2 and a monstrous lion rushed
 out of a den1 which was purposely set  
open1 and darted forward with erected   
mane1 and flaming eyes1 and jaws that   
gaped like an open sepulchre4--,a       
mournful silence instantly prevailed6   
,all eyes were turned upon the destined 
victim1 whose destruction now appeared  
inevitable4 ,but the pity of the        
multitude was soon converted into       
astonishment1 when they beheld the lion1

 instead of destroying his defenceless  
prey1 crouch submissively at his feet2  
fawn upon him as a faithful dog would do
 upon his master1 and rejoice over him  
as a mother that unexpectedly recovers  
her offspring4 ,the governor of the     
town1 who was present1 then called out  
with a loud voice and ordered ,androcles
 to explain to them this unintelligible 
mystery1 and how a savage beast of the  
fiercest and most unpitying nature      
should thus in a moment have forgotten  
his innate disposition1 and be converted
 into a harmless and inoffensive animal4
  ,androcles then related to the        
assembly every circumstance of his      
adventures in the woods1 and concluded  
by saying that the very lion which now  
stood before them had been his friend   
and entertainer in the woods4 ,all the  
persons present were astonished and     
delighted with the story1 to find that  
even the fiercest beasts are capable of 
being softened by gratitude and moved by
 humanity2 and they unanimously joined  

to entreat for the pardon of the unhappy
 man from the governor of the place4    
,this was immediately granted to him1   
and he was also presented with the lion1
 who had in this manner twice saved the 
life of ,androcles4    #bae   ,,the     
,,wind ,,and ,,the ,,sun  ,a dispute    
once arose between the ,north ,wind and 
the ,sun as to which was the stronger of
 the two4 ,seeing a ,traveler on his    
way1 they agreed to try which could the 
sooner get his cloak off him4 ,the      
,north ,wind began1 and sent a furious  
blast1 which1 at the onset1 nearly tore 
the cloak from its fastenings2 but the  
,traveler1 seizing the garment with a   
firm grip1 held it round his body so    
tightly that ,boreas spent his remaining
 force in vain4  ,the ,sun1 dispelling  
the clouds that had gathered1 then      
darted his genial beams on the          
,traveler's head4 ,growing faint with   
the heat1 the ,man flung off his coat   
and ran for protection to the nearest   
shade4  ,mildness governs more than     

anger4    #baf          ,the following  
brief fable has given us one of         
the best known expressions in common    
speech1         killing the goose that  
lays the golden eggs4         ,people   
who never heard of ,a,esop know what    
that         expression means4 ,it is   
easy to connect the         fable with  
our get rich quick craze4 7,compare     
with ,no4 #bed47   ,,the ,,goose ,,with 
,,the ,,golden ,,eggs  ,a certain ,man  
had a ,goose that laid him a golden egg 
every day4 ,being of a covetous turn1 he
 thought if he killed his ,goose he     
should come at once to the source of his
 treasure4 ,so he killed her and cut her
 open1 but great was his dismay to find 
that her inside was in no way different 
from that of any other goose4           
,greediness overreaches itself4    #bag 
,the most successful of modern literary 
fabulists was the ,french poet ,jean de 
la         ,fontaine 7#afba-afie74 ,a   
famous critic has said         that his 
fables delight the child with their     

freshness and vividness1 the student of 
literature with their consummate art1   
and the         experienced man with    
their subtle reflections         on life
 and character4 ,he drew most of his    
stories from ,a,esop and other sources4 
,while he         dressed the old fables
 in the brilliant style         of his  
own day1 he still succeeded in being    
essentially simple and direct4 ,a few of
 his #bdj         fables may be used to 
good effect with         children1      
though they have their main charm for   
the more sophisticated older reader4    
7,see ,nos4         #bcd1 #bda1 and     
#bdb47 ,the best complete               
translation is that made in #ahda by    
,elizur         ,wright1 an ,american   
scholar4 ,the following         version 
is from his translation4 ,notice that   
,la         ,fontaine has changed the   
goose to a hen4   ,,the ,,hen ,,with    
,,the ,,golden ,,eggs  ,,la ,,fontaine  
,how avarice loseth all1           ,by  
striving all to gain1         ,i need no

 witness call           ,but him whose  
thrifty hen1         ,as by the fable we
 are told1         ,laid every day an   
egg of gold4         ,she hath a        
treasure in her body1         ,bethinks 
the avaricious noddy4         ,he kills 
and opens--vexed to find           ,all 
things like hens of common kind4        
,thus spoil'd the source of all his     
riches1         ,to misers he a lesson  
teaches4           ,in these last       
changes of the moon1             ,how   
often doth one see             ,men made
 as poor as he           ,by force of   
getting rich too soon6    #bah   ,,the  
,,wolf ,,in ,,sheep',s ,,clothing  ,a   
,wolf wrapped himself in the skin of a  
,sheep and by that means got admission  
into a sheep-fold1 where he devoured    
several of the young ,lambs4 ,the       
,shepherd1 however1 soon found him out  
and hung him up to a tree1 still in his 
disguise4  ,some other ,shepherds1      
passing that way1 thought it was a      
,sheep hanging1 and cried to their      

friend1 ,what1 brother6 is that the way 
you serve ,sheep in this part of the    
country8  ,no1 friends1 cried he1       
turning the hanging body around so that 
they might see what it was2 but it is   
the way to serve ,wolves1 even though   
they be dressed in ,sheep's clothing4   
,the credit got by a lie lasts only till
 the truth comes out4    #bai   ,,the   
,,hare ,,and ,,the ,,tortoise  ,the     
,hare one day laughed at the ,tortoise  
for his short feet1 slowness1 and       
awkwardness4  ,though you may be swift  
as the wind1 replied the ,tortoise      
good-naturedly1 ,i can beat you in a    
race4  ,the ,hare looked on the         
challenge as a great joke1 but consented
 to a trial of speed1 and the ,fox was  
selected to act as umpire and hold the  
stakes4  ,the rivals started1 and the   
,hare1 of course1 soon left the         
,tortoise far behind4 ,having reached   
midway to the goal1 she began to play   
about1 nibble the young herbage1 and    
amuse herself in many ways4 ,the day    

being warm1 she even thought she would  
take a little nap in a shady spot1 for  
she thought that if the ,tortoise should
 pass her while she slept1 she could    
easily overtake him again before he     
reached the end4  ,the ,tortoise        
meanwhile plodded on1 unwavering and    
unresting1 straight towards the goal4   
,the ,hare1 having overslept herself1   
started up from her nap and was         
surprised to find that the ,tortoise was
 nowhere in sight4 ,off she went at full
 speed1 but on reaching the             
winning-post1 found that the ,tortoise  
was already there1 waiting for her      
arrival4  ,slow and steady wins the     
race4    #bbj  ,,the ,,miller1 ,,his    
,,son1 ,,and ,,their ,,ass  ,a ,miller  
and his ,son were driving their ,ass to 
a neighboring fair to sell him4 ,they   
had not gone far when they met with a   
troop of women collected round a well1  
talking and laughing4  ,look there1     
cried one of them1 did you ever see such
 fellows1 to be trudging along the road 

on foot when they might ride8  ,the     
,miller1 hearing this1 quickly made his 
,son mount the ,ass1 and continued to   
walk along merrily by his side4         
,presently they came up to a group of   
old men in earnest debate4  ,there1 said
 one of them1 it proves what ,i was     
saying4 ,what respect is shown to old   
age in these days8 ,do you see that idle
 lad riding while his old father has to 
walk8 ,get down1 you young scapegrace1  
and let the old man rest his weary      
limbs4  ,upon this1 the ,miller made his
 ,son dismount1 and got up himself4 ,in 
this manner they had not proceeded far  
when they met a company of women and    
children4  ,why1 you lazy old fellow1   
cried several tongues at once1 how can  
you ride upon the beast while that poor 
little lad there can hardly keep pace by
 the side of you8  ,the good-natured    
,miller immediately took up his ,son    
behind him4 ,they had now almost reached
 the town4  ,pray1 honest friend1 said a
 citizen1 is that ,ass your own8  ,yes1 

replied the old man4  ,oh1 one would not
 have thought so1 said the other1 by the
 way you load him4 ,why1 you two fellows
 are better able to carry the poor beast
 than he you4  ,anything to please you1 
said the ,miller2 we can but try4  ,so1 
alighting with his ,son1 they tied the  
legs of the ,ass together1 and by the   
help of a pole endeavored to carry him  
on their shoulders over a bridge near   
the entrance of the town4 ,this         
entertaining sight brought the people in
 crowds to laugh at it1 till the ,ass1  
not liking the noise nor the strange    
handling that he was subject to1 broke  
the cords that bound him and1 tumbling  
off the pole1 fell into the river4 ,upon
 this1 the old man1 vexed and ashamed1  
made the best of his way home again1    
convinced that by trying to please      
everybody he had pleased nobody1 and    
lost his ,ass into the bargain4  ,he who
 tries to please everybody pleases      
nobody4    #bba   ,,the ,,travelers     
,,and ,,the ,,bear  ,two ,men1 about to 

journey through a forest1 agreed to     
stand by each other in any dangers that 
might befall4 ,they had not gone far    
before a savage ,bear rushed out from a 
thicket and stood in their path4 ,one of
 the ,travelers1 a light1 nimble fellow1
 got up into a tree4 ,the other1 seeing 
that there was no chance to defend      
himself single-handed1 fell flat on his 
face and held his breath4 ,the ,bear    
came up and smelled at him1 and taking  
him for dead1 went off again into the   
wood4 ,the ,man in the tree came down   
and1 rejoining his companion1 asked him1
 with a sly smile1 what was the         
wonderful secret which he had seen the  
,bear whisper into his ear4  ,why1      
replied the other1 he told me to take   
care for the future and not to put any  
confidence in such cowardly rascals as  
you are4  ,trust not fine promises4     
#bbb   ,,the ,,lark ,,and ,,her ,,young 
,,ones  ,a ,lark1 who had ,young ,ones  
in a field of grain which was almost    
ripe1 was afraid that the reapers would 

come before her young brood were        
fledged4 ,so every day when she flew off
 to look for food1 she charged them to  
take note of what they heard in her     
absence and to tell her of it when she  
came home4  ,one day when she was gone1 
they heard the owner of the field say to
 his son that the grain seemed ripe     
enough to be cut1 and tell him to go    
early the next day and ask their friends
 and neighbors to come and help reap it4
  ,when the old ,lark came home1 the    
,little ,ones quivered and chirped round
 her and told her what had happened1    
begging her to take them away as fast as
 she could4 ,the mother bade them be    
easy2 for1 said she1 if he depends on   
his friends and his neighbors1 ,i am    
sure the grain will not be reaped       
tomorrow4  ,next day she went out again 
and left the same orders as before4 ,the
 owner came1 and waited4 ,the sun grew  
hot1 but nothing was done1 for not a    
soul came4 ,you see1 said the owner to  
his son1 these friends of ours are not  

to be depended upon2 so run off at once 
to your uncles and cousins1 and say ,i  
wish them to come early to-morrow       
morning and help us reap4  ,this the    
,young ,ones1 in a great fright1 told   
also to their mother4 ,do not fear1     
children1 said she4 ,kindred and        
relations are not always very forward in
 helping one another2 but keep your ears
 open and let me know what you hear     
to-morrow4  ,the owner came the next    
day1 and1 finding his relations as      
backward as his neighbors1 said to his  
son1 ,now listen to me4 ,get two good   
sickles ready for to-morrow morning1 for
 it seems we must reap the grain by     
ourselves4  ,the ,young ,ones told this 
to their mother4  ,then1 my dears1 said 
she1 it is time for us to go2 for when a
 man undertakes to do his work himself1 
it is not so likely that he will be     
disappointed4 ,she took away her ,young 
,ones at once1 and the grain was reaped 
the next day by the old man and his son4
  ,depend upon yourself alone4    #bbc  

,,the ,,old ,,man ,,and ,,his ,,sons    
,an ,old ,man had several ,sons1 who    
were always falling out with one        
another4 ,he had often1 but to no       
purpose1 exhorted them to live together 
in harmony4 ,one day he called them     
around him and1 producing a bundle of   
sticks1 bade them try each in turn to   
break it across4 ,each put forth all his
 strength1 but the bundle resisted their
 efforts4 ,then1 cutting the cord which 
bound the sticks together1 he told his  
,sons to break them separately4 ,this   
was done with the greatest ease4  ,see1 
my ,sons1 exclaimed he1 the power of    
unity6 ,bound together by brotherly     
love1 you may defy almost every mortal  
ill2 divided1 you will fall a prey to   
your enemies4  ,a house divided against 
itself cannot stand4    #bbd   ,,the    
,,fox ,,and ,,the ,,grapes  ,a ,fox1    
just at the time of the vintage1 stole  
into a vineyard where the ripe sunny    
,grapes were trellised up on high in    
most tempting show4 ,he made many a     

spring and a jump after the luscious    
prize2 but1 failing in all his attempts1
 he muttered as he retreated1 ,well6    
what does it matter6 ,the ,grapes are   
sour6    #bbe   ,,the ,,widow ,,and     
,,the ,,hen  ,a ,widow woman kept a ,hen
 that laid an egg every morning4        
,thought the woman to herself1 ,if ,i   
double my ,hen's allowance of barley1   
she will lay twice a day4 ,so she tried 
her plan1 and the ,hen became so fat and
 sleek that she left off laying at all4 
,figures are not always facts4    #bbf  
,,the ,,kid ,,and ,,the ,,wolf  ,a ,kid 
being mounted on the roof of a lofty    
house and seeing a ,wolf pass below1    
began to revile him4 ,the ,wolf merely  
stopped to reply1 ,coward6 ,it is not   
you who revile me1 but the place on     
which you are standing4    #bbg   ,,the 
,,man ,,and ,,the ,,satyr  ,a ,man and a
 ,satyr having struck up an             
acquaintance1 sat down together to eat4 
,the day being wintry and cold1 the ,man
 put his fingers to his mouth and blew  

upon them4  ,what's that for1 my friend8
 asked the ,satyr4  ,my hands are so    
cold1 said the ,man1 ,i do it to warm   
them4  ,in a little while some hot food 
was placed before them1 and the ,man1   
raising the dish to his mouth1 again    
blew upon it4 ,and what's the meaning of
 that1 now8 said the ,satyr4  ,oh1      
replied the ,man1 my porridge is so hot 
,i do it to cool it4  ,nay1 then1 said  
the ,satyr1 from this moment ,i renounce
 your friendship1 for ,i will have      
nothing to do with one who blows hot and
 cold with the same mouth4    #bbh      
,,the ,,dog ,,and ,,the ,,shadow  ,a    
,dog had stolen a piece of meat out of a
 butcher's shop1 and was crossing a     
river on his way home1 when he saw his  
own shadow reflected in the stream      
below4 ,thinking that it was another dog
 with another piece of meat1 he resolved
 to make himself master of that also2   
but in snapping at the supposed         
treasure1 he dropped the bit he was     
carrying1 and so lost all4  ,grasp at   

the shadow and lose the substance--the  
common fate of those who hazard a real  
blessing for some visionary good4       
#bbi   ,,the ,,swallow ,,and ,,the      
,,raven  ,the ,swallow and the ,raven   
contended which was the finer bird4 ,the
 ,raven ended by saying1 ,your beauty is
 but for the summer1 but mine will stand
 many winters4  ,durability is better   
than show4    #bcj   ,,mercury ,,and    
,,the ,,woodman  ,a ,woodman was felling
 a tree on the bank of a river1 and by  
chance let slip his axe into the water1 
when it immediately sank to the bottom4 
,being thereupon in great distress1 he  
sat down by the side of the stream and  
lamented his loss bitterly4 ,but        
,mercury1 whose river it was1 taking    
compassion on him1 appeared at the      
instant before him2 and hearing from him
 the cause of his sorrow1 dived to the  
bottom of the river1 and bringing up a  
golden axe1 asked the ,woodman if that  
were his4 ,upon the ,man's denying it1  
,mercury dived a second time1 and       

brought up one of silver4 ,again the    
,man denied that it was his4 ,so diving 
a third time1 he produced the identical 
axe which the ,man had lost4 ,that is   
mine6 said the ,woodman1 delighted to   
have recovered his own2 and so pleased  
was ,mercury with the fellow's truth and
 honesty that he at once made him a     
present of the other two4  ,the ,man    
goes to his companions1 and giving them 
an account of what had happened to him1 
one of them determined to try whether he
 might not have the like good fortune4  
,so repairing to the same place1 as if  
for the purpose of cutting wood1 he let 
slip his axe on purpose into the river  
and then sat down on the bank and made a
 great show of weeping4 ,mercury        
appeared as before1 and hearing from him
 that his tears were caused by the loss 
of his axe1 dived once more into the    
stream2 and bringing up a golden axe1   
asked him if that was the axe he had    
lost4  ,aye1 surely1 said the ,man1     
eagerly2 and he was about to grasp the  

treasure1 when ,mercury1 to punish his  
impudence and lying1 not only refused to
 give him that1 but would not so much as
 restore him his own axe again4         
,honesty is the best policy4    #bca    
,,the ,,mice ,,in ,,council  ,once upon 
a time the ,mice being sadly distressed 
by the persecution of the ,cat1 resolved
 to call a meeting to decide upon the   
best means of getting rid of this       
continual annoyance4 ,many plans were   
discussed and rejected4  ,at last a     
young ,mouse got up and proposed that a 
,bell should be hung round the ,cat's   
neck1 that they might for the future    
always have notice of her coming and so 
be able to escape4 ,this proposition was
 hailed with the greatest applause1 and 
was agreed to at once unanimously4 ,upon
 this1 an old ,mouse1 who had sat silent
 all the while1 got up and said that he 
considered the contrivance most         
ingenious1 and that it would1 no doubt1 
be quite successful2 but he had only one
 short question to put2 namely1 which of

 them it was who would ,bell the ,cat8  
,it is one thing to propose1 another to 
execute4    #bcb   ,,the ,,mountebank   
,,and ,,the ,,countryman  ,a certain    
wealthy patrician1 intending to treat   
the ,roman people with some theatrical  
entertainment1 publicly offered a reward
 to any one who would produce a novel   
spectacle4 ,incited by emulation1       
artists arrived from all parts to       
contest the prize1 among whom a         
well-known witty ,mountebank gave out   
that he had a new kind of entertainment 
that had never yet been produced on any 
stage4 ,this report1 being spread       
abroad1 brought the whole city together4
 ,the theater could hardly contain the  
number of spectators4 ,and when the     
artist appeared alone upon the stage1   
without any apparatus or any assistants1
 curiosity and suspense kept the        
spectators in profound silence4 ,on a   
sudden he thrust down his head into his 
bosom1 and mimicked the squeaking of a  
young pig so naturally that the audience

 insisted upon it that he had one under 
his cloak and ordered him to be         
searched1 which1 being done and nothing 
appearing1 they loaded him with the most
 extravagant applause4  ,a ,countryman  
among the audience observed what passed4
 ,oh6 says he1 ,i can do better than    
this2 and immediately gave out that he  
would perform the next day4 ,accordingly
 on the morrow a yet greater crowd was  
collected4 ,prepossessed1 however1 in   
favor of the ,mountebank1 they came     
rather to laugh at the ,countryman than 
to pass a fair judgment on him4 ,they   
both came out upon the stage4 ,the      
,mountebank grunts away at first1 and   
calls forth the greatest clapping and   
applause4 ,then the ,countryman1        
pretending that he concealed a little   
pig under his garments 7and he had1 in  
fact1 really got one7 pinched its ear   
till he made it squeak4 ,the people     
cried out that the ,mountebank had      
imitated the pig much more naturally1   
and hooted to the ,countryman to quit   

the stage2 but he1 to convict them to   
their face1 produced the real pig from  
his bosom4 ,and now1 gentlemen1 you may 
see1 said he1 what a pretty sort of     
judges you are6  ,it is easier to       
convict a man against his senses than   
against his will4    #bcc               
,stories dealing with the disastrous    
effects of         day-dreaming are very
 common in the world's                  
literature4 ,the three selections that  
follow         are given as very        
familiar samples for         comparison4
 ,the first is a simple version by      
,jacobs4   ,,the ,,milkmaid ,,and ,,her 
,,pail  ,patty1 the ,milkmaid1 was going
 to market1 carrying her milk in a ,pail
 on her head4 ,as she went along she    
began calculating what she could do with
 the money she would get for the milk4  
,i'll buy some fowls from ,farmer       
,brown1 said she1 and they will lay eggs
 each morning1 which ,i will sell to the
 parson's wife4 ,with the money that ,i 
get from the sale of these eggs ,i'll   

buy myself a new dimity frock and a chip
 hat2 and when ,i go to market1 won't   
all the young men come up and speak to  
me6 ,polly ,shaw will be that jealous2  
but ,i don't care4 ,i shall just look at
 her and toss my head like this4 ,as she
 spoke1 she tossed her head back1 the   
,pail fell off it and all the milk was  
spilt4 ,so she had to go home and tell  
her mother what had occurred4  ,ah1 my  
child1 said her mother1  ,do not count  
your chickens before they are hatched4  
#bcd          ,the next is ,wright's    
translation of ,la         ,fontaine's  
famous fable on the day-dreaming        
theme4 ,notice how much more complicated
 its         application becomes in     
contrast with the         obvious truth 
of the proverb in the preceding         
version4 ,la ,fontaine is responsible   
for the         story's popularity in   
modern times4 ,the most                 
fascinating study on the way fables have
 come         down to us is ,max        
,mueller's ,on the ,migration of        

,fables1 in which he follows this story 
from         ,india through all its many
 changes until it         reaches us in 
,la ,fontaine4   ,,the ,,dairywoman     
,,and ,,the ,,pot ,,of ,,milk  ,,la     
,,fontaine          ,a pot of milk upon 
her cushioned crown1         ,good      
,peggy hastened to the market town1     
,short clad and light1 with speed she   
went1         ,not fearing any accident2
           ,indeed1 to be the nimble    
tripper1             ,her dress that    
day1             ,the truth to say1     
,was simple petticoat and slipper4      
,and thus bedight1             ,good    
,peggy1 light1--           ,her gains   
already counted1--             ,laid out
 the cash             ,at single dash1  
,which to a hundred eggs amounted4      
,three nests she made1                  
,which1 by the aid           ,of        
diligence and care1 were hatched4       
,to raise the chicks1             ,i'll 
easy fix1           ,said she1 beside   
our cottage thatched4             ,the  

fox must get             ,more cunning  
yet1           ,or leave enough to buy a
 pig4             ,with little care     
,and any fare1           ,he'll grow    
quite fat and big2             ,and then
 the price             ,will be so nice1
           ,for which the pork will     
sell6             ,twill go quite hard  
,but in our yard         ,i'll bring a  
cow and calf to dwell--           ,a    
calf to frisk among the flock6          
,the thought made ,peggy do the same2   
,and down at once the milk-pot came1    
,and perished with the shock4           
,calf1 cow1 and pig1 and chicks1 adieu6 
,your mistress' face is sad to view2    
,she gives a tear to fortune spilt2     
,then with the downcast look of guilt   
,home to her husband empty goes1        
,somewhat in danger of his blows4       
,who buildeth not1 sometimes1 in air    
,his cots1 or seats1 or castles fair8   
,from kings to dairywomen1--all1--      
,the wise1 the foolish1 great and       
small1--         ,each thinks his waking

 dream the best4         ,some          
flattering error fills the breast3      
,the world with all its wealth is ours1 
,its honors1 dames1 and loveliest       
bowers4         ,instinct with valor1   
when alone1         ,i hurl the monarch 
from his throne2         ,the people1   
glad to see him dead1         ,elect me 
monarch in his stead1         ,and      
diadems rain on my head4         ,some  
accident then calls me back1            
,and ,i'm no more than simple ,jack4    
#bce          ,the day-dreaming idea is 
next presented in the         form found
 in the story of the barber's fifth     
brother in the ,arabian ,nights4 ,would 
this         story be any more effective
 if it had a         paragraph at the   
end stating and emphasizing         the 
moral8   ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,alnaschar 
,alnaschar1 my fifth brother1 was very  
lazy1 and of course wretchedly poor4 ,on
 the death of our father we divided his 
property1 and each of us received a     
hundred drachms of silver for his share4

 ,alnaschar1 who hated labor1 laid out  
his money in fine glasses1 and having   
displayed his stock to the best         
advantage in a large basket1 he took his
 stand in the market-place1 with his    
back against the wall1 waiting for      
customers4 ,in this posture he indulged 
in a reverie1 talking aloud to himself  
as follows3  ,this glass cost me a      
hundred drachms of silver1 which is all 
,i have in the world4 ,i shall make two 
hundred by retailing it1 and of these   
very shortly four hundred4 ,it will not 
be long before these produce four       
thousand4 ,money1 they say1 begets      
money4 ,i shall soon therefore be       
possessed of eight thousand1 and when   
these become ten thousand ,i will no    
longer be a glass-seller4 ,i will trade 
in pearls and diamonds2 and as ,i shall 
become rich apace1 ,i will have a       
splendid palace1 a great estate1 slaves1
 and horses2 ,i will not1 however1 leave
 traffic till ,i have acquired a hundred
 thousand drachms4 ,then ,i shall be as 

great as a prince1 and will assume      
manners accordingly4  ,i will demand the
 daughter of the grand vizier in        
marriage1 who1 no doubt1 will be glad of
 an alliance with a man of my           
consequence4 ,the marriage ceremony     
shall be performed with the utmost      
splendor and magnificence4 ,i will have 
my horse clothed with the richest       
housings1 ornamented with diamonds and  
pearls1 and will be attended by a number
 of slaves1 all richly dressed1 when ,i 
go to the vizier's palace to conduct my 
wife thence to my own4 ,the vizier shall
 receive me with great pomp1 and shall  
give me the right hand and place me     
above himself1 to do me the more honor4 
,on my return ,i will appoint two of my 
handsomest slaves to throw money among  
the populace1 that every one may speak  
well of my generosity4  ,when we arrive 
at my own palace1 ,i will take great    
state upon me1 and hardly speak to my   
wife4 ,she shall dress herself in all   
her ornaments1 and stand before me as   

beautiful as the full moon1 but ,i will 
not look at her4 ,her slaves shall draw 
near and entreat me to cast my eyes upon
 her2 which1 after much supplication1 ,i
 will deign to do1 though with great    
indifference4 ,i will not suffer her to 
come out of her apartment without my    
leave2 and when ,i have a mind to visit 
her there1 it shall be in a manner that 
will make her respect me4 ,thus will ,i 
begin early to teach her what she is to 
expect the rest of her life4  ,when her 
mother comes to visit her she will      
intercede with me for her4 ',sir1' she  
will say 7for she will not dare to call 
me son1 for fear of offending me by so  
much familiarity71 'do not1 ,i beseech1 
treat my daughter with scorn2 she is as 
beautiful as an ,houri1 and entirely    
devoted to you4' ,but my mother-in-law  
may as well hold her peace1 for ,i will 
take no notice of what she says4 ,she   
will then pour out some wine into a     
goblet1 and give it to my wife1 saying1 
',present it to your lord and husband2  

he will not surely be so cruel as to    
refuse it from so fair a hand4' ,my wife
 will then come with the glass1 and     
stand trembling before me2 and when she 
finds that ,i do not look on her1 but   
continue to disdain her1 she will kneel 
and entreat me to accept it2 but ,i will
 continue inflexible4 ,at last1         
redoubling her tears1 she will rise and 
put the goblet to my lips1 when1 tired  
with her importunities1 ,i will dart a  
terrible look at her and give her such a
 push with my foot as will spurn her    
from me4 ,alnaschar was so interested in
 this imaginary grandeur that he thrust 
forth his foot to kick the lady1 and by 
that means overturned his glasses and   
broke them into a thousand pieces4      
#bcf          ,the ,camel and the ,pig  
is from ,p4 ,v4 ,ramaswami              
,raju's ,indian ,folk ,stories and      
,fables1 an         excellent book of   
adaptations for young         readers4  
,the idea that every situation in life  
has its advantages as well as its       

disadvantages         is one of those   
common but often overlooked             
truths which serve so well as the themes
 of         fable4 ,emerson's ,fable1   
the story of the         quarrel between
 the mountain and the squirrel1         
is a most excellent presentation of the 
same         idea 7see ,no4 #cfc74 ,the 
,little ,elf1 by ,john         ,kendrick
 ,bangs1 makes the same point for       
smaller folks4   ,,the ,,camel ,,and    
,,the ,,pig  ,,adapted ,,by ,p4 ,v4     
,,ramaswami ,,raju  ,a camel said1      
,nothing like being tall6 ,see how tall 
,i am6  ,a ,pig who heard these words   
said1 ,nothing like being short2 see how
 short ,i am6  ,the ,camel said1 ,well1 
if ,i fail to prove the truth of what ,i
 said1 ,i will give up my hump4  ,the   
,pig said1 ,if ,i fail to prove the     
truth of what ,i have said1 ,i will give
 up my snout4  ,agreed6 said the ,camel4
  ,just so6 said the ,pig4  ,they came  
to a garden inclosed by a low wall      
without any opening4 ,the ,camel stood  

on this side the wall1 and1 reaching the
 plants within by means of his long     
neck1 made a breakfast on them4 ,then he
 turned jeeringly to the ,pig1 who had  
been standing at the bottom of the wall1
 without even having a look at the good 
things in the garden1 and said1 ,now1   
would you be tall or short8  ,next they 
came to a garden inclosed by a high     
wall1 with a wicket gate at one end4    
,the ,pig entered by the gate and1 after
 having eaten his fill of the vegetables
 within1 came out1 laughing at the poor 
,camel1 who had to stay outside1 because
 he was too tall to enter the garden by 
the gate1 and said1 ,now1 would you be  
tall or short8  ,then they thought the  
matter over1 and came to the conclusion 
that the ,camel should keep his hump and
 the ,pig his snout1 observing1--       
,tall is good1 where tall would do2     
,of short1 again1 'tis also true6       
#bcg          ,many scholars have       
believed that all fables                
originated in ,india4 ,the great ,indian

         collection of symbolic stories 
known as ,jataka         ,tales1 or     
,buddhist ,birth ,stories1 has been     
called the oldest1 most complete1 and   
most         important collection of    
folklore extant4 ,they         are      
called ,birth ,stories because each one 
gives         an account of something   
that happened in         connection with
 the teaching of ,buddha in some        
previous birth or incarnation4 ,there   
are         about #eej of these         
,jatakas1 including some #bjjj          
stories4 ,they have now been made       
accessible in         a translation by a
 group of ,english scholars         and 
published in six volumes under the      
general         editorship of ,professor
 ,cowell4 ,many of them         have    
long been familiar in eastern           
collections         and have been       
adapted in recent times for use         
in schools4 ,each ,jataka is made up of 
three         parts4 ,there is a story  
of the present giving         an account

 of an incident in ,buddha's life       
which calls to his mind a story of the  
past         in which he had played a   
part during a former                    
incarnation4 ,then1 there is a          
conclusion         marking the results4 
,nos4 #bcg and #bch are         literal 
translations of ,jatakas by ,t4 ,w4     
,rhys-,davids in his ,buddhist ,birth   
,stories4 ,in         adapting for      
children1 the stories of the            
present may be omitted4 ,in fact1       
everything         except the direct    
story should be eliminated4         ,the
 gathas1 or verses1 were very important 
in         connection with the original 
purpose of         religious teaching1  
but are only incumbrances         in    
telling the story either for its own    
sake or         for its moral4  ,,the   
,,ass ,,in ,,the ,,lion',s ,,skin  ,at  
the same time when ,brahma-datta was    
reigning in ,benares1 the future ,buddha
 was born one of a peasant family2 and  
when he grew up he gained his living by 

tilling the ground4  ,at that time a    
hawker used to go from place to place1  
trafficking in goods carried by an ass4 
,now at each place he came to1 when he  
took the pack down from the ass's back1 
he used to clothe him in a lion's skin  
and turn him loose in the rice and      
barley fields4 ,and when the watchmen in
 the fields saw the ass they dared not  
go near him1 taking him for a lion4  ,so
 one day the hawker stopped in a        
village2 and while he was getting his   
own breakfast cooked1 he dressed the ass
 in a lion's skin and turned him loose  
in a barley field4 ,the watchmen in the 
field dared not go up to him2 but going 
home1 they published the news4 ,then all
 the villagers came out with weapons in 
their hands2 and blowing chanks1 and    
beating drums1 they went near the field 
and shouted4 ,terrified with the fear of
 death1 the ass uttered a cry--the bray 
of an ass6  ,and when he knew him then  
to be an ass1 the future ,buddha        
pronounced the first verse3             

,this is not a lion's roaring1          
,nor a tiger's nor a panther's2         
,dressed in a lion's skin1         ',tis
 a wretched ass that roars6  ,but when  
the villagers knew the creature to be an
 ass1 they beat him till his bones      
broke2 and1 carrying off the lion's     
skin1 went away4 ,then the hawker came2 
and seeing the ass fallen into so bad a 
plight1 pronounced the second verse3    
,long might the ass1         ,clad in a 
lion's skin1         ,have fed on the   
barley green2         ,but he brayed    
,and that moment he came to ruin4  ,and 
even while he was yet speaking the ass  
died on the spot4    #bch   ,,the       
,,talkative ,,tortoise  ,the future     
,buddha was once born in a minister's   
family1 when ,brahma-datta was reigning 
in ,benares2 and when he grew up he     
became the king's adviser in things     
temporal and spiritual4  ,now this king 
was very talkative2 while he was        
speaking others had no opportunity for a
 word4 ,and the future ,buddha1 wanting 

to cure this talkativeness of his1 was  
constantly seeking for some means of    
doing so4  ,at that time there was      
living1 in a pond in the ,himalaya      
mountains1 a tortoise4 ,two young       
hamsas1 or wild ducks1 who came to feed 
there1 made friends with him1 and one   
day1 when they had become very intimate 
with him1 they said to the tortoise3    
,friend tortoise6 the place where we    
live1 at the ,golden ,cave on ,mount    
,beautiful in the ,himalaya country1 is 
a delightful spot4 ,will you come there 
with us8  ,but how can ,i get there8    
,we can take you if you can only hold   
your tongue1 and will say nothing to    
anybody4  ,oh6 that ,i can do4 ,take me 
with you4  ,that's right1 said they4    
,and making the tortoise bite hold of a 
stick1 they themselves took the two ends
 in their teeth1 and flew up into the   
air4  ,seeing him thus carried by the   
hamsas1 some villagers called out1 ,two 
wild ducks are carrying a tortoise along
 on a stick6 ,whereupon the tortoise    

wanted to say1 ,if my friends choose to 
carry me1 what is that to you1 you      
wretched slaves6 ,so just as the swift  
flight of the wild ducks had brought him
 over the king's palace in the city of  
,benares1 he let go of the stick he was 
biting1 and falling in the open         
courtyard1 split in two6 ,and there     
arose a universal cry1 ,a tortoise has  
fallen in the open courtyard1 and has   
split in two6  ,the king1 taking the    
future ,buddha1 went to the place1      
surrounded by his courtiers2 and looking
 at the tortoise1 he asked the ,bodisat1
 ,teacher6 how comes he to be fallen    
here8  ,the future ,buddha thought to   
himself1 ,long expecting1 wishing to    
admonish the king1 have ,i sought for   
some means of doing so4 ,this tortoise  
must have made friends with the wild    
ducks2 and they must have made him bite 
hold of the stick1 and have flown up    
into the air to take him to the hills4  
,but he1 being unable to hold his tongue
 when he hears any one else talk1 must  

have wanted to say something1 and let go
 the stick2 and so must have fallen down
 from the sky1 and thus lost his life4  
,and saying1 ,truly1 ,o king6 those who 
are called chatter-boxes--people whose  
words have no end--come to grief like   
this1 he uttered these verses3          
,verily the tortoise killed himself     
,while uttering his voice2              
,though he was holding tight the stick1 
,by a word himself he slew4             
,behold him then1 ,o excellent by       
strength6          ,and speak wise      
words1 not out of season4          ,you 
see how1 by his talking overmuch1       
,the tortoise fell into this wretched   
plight6  ,the king saw that he was      
himself referred to1 and said1 ,o       
,teacher6 are you speaking of us8  ,and 
the ,bodisat spake openly1 and said1 ,o 
great king6 be it thou1 or be it any    
other1 whoever talks beyond measure     
meets with some mishap like this4  ,and 
the king henceforth refrained himself1  
and became a man of few words4    #bci  

,the following is1 also1 an oriental    
story4 ,it         is taken from the    
,hitopadesa 7,book of ,good             
,counsel71 a collection of ,sanskrit    
fables4 ,this         collection was    
compiled from older sources1            
probably in the main from the           
,panchatantra         7,five ,books71   
which belonged to about the fifth       
century4 ,observe the emphasis placed   
upon the         teaching of the fable  
by putting the statement         of it  
at the beginning and recurring to it at 
the close4   ,a ,,lion ,,tricked ,,by ,a
 ,,rabbit  ,he who hath sense hath      
strength4 ,where hath he strength who   
wanteth judgment8 ,see how a lion1 when 
intoxicated with anger1 was overcome by 
a rabbit4  ,upon the mountain ,mandara  
there lived a lion1 whose name was      
,durganta 7hard to go near71 who was    
very exact in complying with the        
ordinance for animal sacrifices4 ,so at 
length all the different species        
assembled1 and in a body represented    

that1 as by his present mode of         
proceeding the forest would be cleared  
all at once1 if it pleased his          
,highness1 they would each of them in   
his turn provide him an animal for his  
daily food4 ,and the lion gave his      
consent accordingly4 ,thus every beast  
delivered his stipulated provision1 till
 at length1 it coming to the rabbit's   
turn1 he began to meditate in this      
manner3 ,policy should be practiced by  
him who would save his life2 and ,i     
myself shall lose mine if ,i do not take
 care4 ,suppose ,i lead him after       
another lion8 ,who knows how that may   
turn out for me8 ,i will approach him   
slowly1 as if fatigued4  ,the lion by   
this time began to be very hungry2 so1  
seeing the rabbit coming toward him1 he 
called out in a great passion1 ,what is 
the reason thou comest so late8  ,please
 your ,highness1 said the rabbit1 as ,i 
was coming along ,i was forcibly        
detained by another of your species2 but
 having given him my word that ,i would 

return immediately1 ,i came here to     
represent it to your ,highness4  ,go    
quickly1 said the lion in a rage1 and   
show me where this vile wretch may be   
found6  ,accordingly1 the rabbit        
conducted the lion to the brink of a    
deep well1 where being arrived1 ,there1 
said the rabbit1 look down and behold   
him4 ,at the same time he pointed to the
 reflected image of the lion in the     
water1 who1 swelling with pride and     
resentment1 leaped into the well1 as he 
thought1 upon his adversary2 and thus   
put an end to his life4  ,i repeat1     
therefore3  ,he who hath sense hath     
strength4 ,where hath he strength who   
wanteth judgment8    #bdj               
,marie de ,france lived probably in the 
latter         part of the twelfth      
century and was one of the         most 
striking figures in ,middle ,english    
literature4 ,she seems to have been born
 in         ,france1 lived much in      
,england1 translated from         the   
,anglo-,norman dialect into ,french1 and

 is         spoken of as the first      
,french poet4 ,one of her         three 
works1 and the most extensive1 is a     
collection of #ajc fables1 which she    
says she         translated from the    
,english of ,king ,alfred4 ,her         
original1 whatever it may have been1 is 
lost4         ,one of her fables1 in a  
translation by         ,professor ,w4   
,w4 ,skeat1 is given below4 ,it         
contains the germ of ,chaucer's ,nun's  
,priest's         ,tale1 in ,the        
,canterbury ,tales4   ,,the ,,cock ,,and
 ,,the ,,fox  ,,marie ,,de ,,france     
,a ,cock our story tells of1 who        
,high on a trash hill stood and crew4   
,a ,fox1 attracted1 straight drew nigh1 
,and spake soft words of flattery4      
,dear ,sir6 said he1 your look's divine2
         ,i never saw a bird so fine6   
,i never heard a voice so clear         
,except your father's--ah6 poor dear6   
,his voice rang clearly1 loudly--but    
,most clearly when his eyes were shut6  
,the same with me6 the ,cock replies1   

,and flaps his wings1 and shuts his     
eyes4         ,each note rings clearer  
than the last--         ,the ,fox starts
 up and holds him fast2         ,toward 
the wood he hies apace4           ,but  
as he crossed an open space1            
,the shepherds spy him2 off they fly2   
,the dogs give chase with hue and cry4  
,the ,fox still holds the ,cock1 though 
fear         ,suggests his case is      
growing queer4         ,tush6 cries the 
,cock1 cry out1 to grieve 'em1          
',the cock is mine6 ,i'll never leave   
him6'         ,the ,fox attempts1 in    
scorn1 to shout1         ,and opes his  
mouth2 the ,cock slips out1         ,and
 in a trice has gained a tree4          
,too late the ,fox begins to see        
,how well the ,cock his game has played2
         ,for once his tricks have been 
repaid4         ,in angry language1     
uncontrolled1         ,he 'gins to curse
 the mouth that's bold         ,to      
speak1 when it should silent be4        
,well1 says the ,cock1 the same with me2

         ,i curse the eyes that go to   
sleep         ,just when they ought     
sharp watch to keep         ,lest evil  
to their lord befall4           ,thus   
fools contrariously do all2             
,they chatter when they should be dumb1 
,and1 when they ought to speak1 are mum4
    #bda          ,the following is     
,wright's translation of the            
first fable in ,la ,fontaine's          
collection4         ,rousseau1 objecting
 to fables in general1         singled  
out this particular one as an example   
of their bad effects on children1 and   
echoes of         his voice are still in
 evidence4 ,it would1 he         said1  
give children a lesson in inhumanity4   
,you believe you are making an example  
of the         grasshopper1 but they    
will choose the ant 4 4 4         they  
will take the more pleasant part1 which 
is         a very natural thing4        
,another observer said3         ,as for 
me1 ,i love neither grasshopper nor ant1
         neither avarice nor            

prodigality1 neither the         miserly
 people who lend nor the spendthrifts   
who borrow4 ,these statements represent 
complex1 analytic points of view which  
are         probably outside the range  
of most children4         ,they will see
 the grasshopper simply as a type       
of thorough shiftlessness and the ant as
 a type         of forethought1 although
 ,la ,fontaine does         suggest that
 the ant might on general               
principles be a little less             
tight-fisted4 ,the         lesson that  
idleness is the mother of want1 the     
necessity of looking ahead1 of providing
 for         the future1 of laying up   
for a rainy day--these         are      
certainly common-sense conclusions and  
the         only ones the story itself  
will suggest to the         child4      
,,the ,,grasshopper ,,and ,,the ,,ant   
,,la ,,fontaine          ,a grasshopper 
gay         ,sang the summer away1      
,and found herself poor         ,by the 
winter's first roar4         ,of meat or

 of bread1         ,not a morsel she    
had6         ,so a begging she went1    
,to her neighbor the ant1           ,for
 the loan of some wheat1                
,which would serve her to eat1          
,till the season came round4            
,i will pay you1 she saith1             
,on an animal's faith1         ,double  
weight in the pound         ,ere the    
harvest be bound4           ,the ant is 
a friend           7,and here she might 
mend7           ,little given to lend4  
,how spent you the summer8              
,quoth she1 looking shame           ,at 
the borrowing dame4         ,night and  
day to each comer           ,i sang1 if 
you please4           ,you sang6 ,i'm at
 ease2         ,for 'tis plain at a     
glance1         ,now1 ma'am1 you must   
dance4    #bdb          ,the translation
 of the following fable is that         
of ,w4 ,lucas ,collins1 in his ,la      
,fontaine and         ,other ,french    
,fabulists4 ,this fable has always      
been a great favorite among the ,french1

 and the         translator has caught  
much of the sprightly         tone of   
his original4   ,,the ,,cock1 ,,the     
,,cat1 ,,and ,,the ,,young ,,mouse  ,,la
 ,,fontaine          ,a pert young      
,mouse1 to whom the world was new1      
,had once a near escape1 if all be true4
         ,he told his mother1 as ,i now 
tell you3         ,i crossed the        
mountains that beyond us rise1          
,and1 journeying onwards1 bore me       
,as one who had a great career before   
me1         ,when lo6 two creatures met 
my wondering eyes1--         ,the one of
 gracious mien1 benign and mild2        
,the other fierce and wild1             
,with high-pitched voice that filled me 
with alarm2         ,a lump of sanguine 
flesh grew on his head1           ,and  
with a kind of arm           ,he raised 
himself in air1           ,as if to     
hover there2         ,his tail was like 
a horseman's plume outspread4           
7,it was a farmyard ,cock1 you          
understand1         ,that our young     

friend described in terms so grand1     
,as 'twere some marvel come from foreign
 land47           ,with arms raised high
         ,he beat his sides1 and made   
such hideous cry1           ,that even  
,i1         ,brave as ,i am1 thank      
heaven6 had well-nigh fainted3          
,straightway ,i took to flight1         
,and cursed him left and right4         
,ah6 but for him1 ,i might have got     
acquainted           ,with that sweet   
creature1         ,who bore             
attractiveness in every feature3        
,a velvet skin he had1 like yours and   
mine1           ,a tail so long and     
fine1         ,a sweet1 meek            
countenance1 a modest air--             
,yet1 what an eye was there6         ,i 
feel that1 on the whole1         ,he    
must have strong affinities of soul     
,with our great race--our ears are      
shaped the same4         ,i should have 
made my bow1 and asked his name1        
,but at the fearful cry         ,raised 
by that monster1 ,i was forced to fly4  

,my child1 replied his mother1 you have 
seen         ,that demure hypocrite we  
call a ,cat3         ,under that sleek  
and inoffensive mien           ,he bears
 a deadly hate of ,mouse and ,rat4      
,the other1 whom you feared1 is         
harmless--quite2         ,nay1 perhaps  
may serve us for a meal some night4     
,as for your friend1 for all his        
innocent air1         ,we form the      
staple of his bill of fare4             
,take1 while you live1 this warning as  
your guide--             ,don't judge by
 the outside4    #bdc          ,john    
,gay 7#afhe-agcb7 was an ,english poet  
and         dramatist4 ,his work as a   
whole has been pretty         well      
forgotten1 but he has been recently     
brought back to the mind of the public  
by the         revival of his satirical 
,beggar's ,opera1 the         ancestor  
of the modern comic opera4 ,gay         
published a collection of fables in     
verse in         #agbg1 prepared for the
 edification of the         young ,duke 

of ,cumberland4 ,a second group1        
making sixty-six in all1 was published  
after         his death4 ,since these   
fables are probably the         best of 
their kind in ,english1 a few of them   
are frequently met with in collections4 
,the         ,hare with ,many ,friends  
has been the favorite1         and      
rightly so1 as it has something of the  
humor and point that belong to the real 
fable4         ,perhaps the fact that it
 has a personal         application     
enabled ,gay to write with more         
vigor and sincerity than elsewhere4     
,,the ,,hare ,,with ,,many ,,friends    
,,john ,,gay          ,friendship1 like 
love1 is but a name1         ,unless to 
one you stint the flame4         ,the   
child whom many fathers share1          
,hath seldom known a father's care4     
',tis thus in friendship2 who depend    
,on many rarely find a friend4          
,a ,hare1 who1 in a civil way1          
,complied with everything1 like ,gay1   
,was known by all the bestial train     

,who haunt the wood1 or graze the plain4
         ,her care was1 never to offend1
         ,and every creature was her    
friend4         ,as forth she went at   
early dawn1         ,to taste the       
dew-besprinkled lawn1         ,behind   
she hears the hunter's cries1           
,and from the deep-mouthed thunder      
flies4         ,she starts1 she stops1  
she pants for breath2         ,she hears
 the near advance of death2         ,she
 doubles1 to mislead the hound1         
,and measures back her mazy round3      
,till1 fainting in the public way1      
,half dead with fear she gasping lay4   
,what transport in her bosom grew1      
,when first the ,horse appeared in view6
         ,let me1 says she1 your back   
ascend1         ,and owe my safety to a 
friend4         ,you know my feet betray
 my flight2         ,to friendship every
 burden's light4         ,the ,horse    
replied3 ,poor honest ,puss1         ,it
 grieves my heart to see thee thus2     
,be comforted2 relief is near1          

,for all your friends are in the rear4  
,she next the stately ,bull implored2   
,and thus replied the mighty lord1      
,since every beast alive can tell       
,that ,i sincerely wish you well1       
,i may1 without offence1 pretend1       
,to take the freedom of a friend2       
,love calls me hence2 a favorite cow    
,expects me near yon barley-mow2        
,and when a lady's in the case1         
,you know1 all other things give place4 
,to leave you thus might seem unkind2   
,but see1 the ,goat is just behind4     
,the ,goat remarked her pulse was high1 
,her languid head1 her heavy eye2       
,my back1 says he1 may do you harm2     
,the ,sheep's at hand1 and wool is warm4
           ,the ,sheep was feeble1 and  
complained         ,his sides a load of 
wool sustained3         ,said he was    
slow1 confessed his fears1         ,for 
hounds eat sheep as well as hares4      
,she now the trotting ,calf addressed1  
,to save from death a friend distressed4
         ,shall ,i1 says he1 of tender  

age1         ,in this important care1   
engage8         ,older and abler passed 
you by2         ,how strong are those1  
how weak am ,i6         ,should ,i      
presume to bear you hence1              
,those friends of mine may take offence4
         ,excuse me1 then4 ,you know my 
heart4         ,but dearest friends1    
alas1 must part6         ,how shall we  
all lament6 ,adieu6         ,for see1   
the hounds are just in view4    #bdd    
,tomas de ,yriarte 7#agej-agia7 was a   
,spanish poet         of some note1     
remembered now mainly as the            
author of ,literary ,fables1 the first  
attempt         at literary             
fable-writing in ,spanish4 ,as the      
name is meant to imply1 they concern    
themselves         with the follies and 
weaknesses of authors4         ,there   
are about eighty fables in the complete 
collection1 and they are full of        
ingenuity and         cleverness4 ,one  
of the simplest and best of             
these is given here in the translation  

by ,r4         ,rockliffe1 which first  
appeared in ,blackwood's                
,magazine in #ahci4 ,it laughs at the   
lucky         chance by which even      
stupidity sometimes makes         a hit 
and then stupidly proceeds to pat itself
         on the back4   ,,the ,,musical 
,,ass  ,,tomas ,,yriarte          ,the  
fable which ,i now present              
,occurred to me by accident2            
,and whether bad or excellent1          
,is merely so by accident4         ,a   
stupid ass one morning went             
,into a field by accident         ,and  
cropp'd his food and was content1       
,until he spied by accident         ,a  
flute1 which some oblivious gent        
,had left behind by accident2           
,when1 sniffing it with eager scent1    
,he breathed on it by accident1         
,and made the hollow instrument         
,emit a sound by accident4              
,hurrah6 hurrah6 exclaimed the brute1   
,how cleverly ,i play the flute6        
,a fool1 in spite of nature's bent4     

,may shine for once--by accident4       
#bde          ,ivan ,andreevitch ,krylov
 7#agfh-ahdd7 was a         ,russian    
author whose fame rests almost entirely 
upon his popular verse fables 7#bjj in  
number7         which have been used    
extensively as textbooks         in     
,russian schools4 ,they have joyousness1
         simplicity1 wit1 and good      
humor4 ,the following         specimen  
is from ,i4 ,h4 ,harrison's translation 
of ,krylov's ,original ,fables4 ,it     
gives a good         illustration of the
 necessity of teamwork4   ,,the ,,swan1 
,,the ,,pike1 ,,and ,,the ,,crab  ,,ivan
 ,,krylov    ,when partners with each   
other don't agree1   ,each project must 
a failure be1   ,and out of it no profit
 come1 but sheer vexation4    ,a ,swan1 
a ,pike1 and ,crab once took their      
station     ,in harness1 and would drag 
a loaded cart2     ,but1 when the moment
 came for them to start1    ,they sweat1
 they strain1 and yet the cart stands   
still2 what's lacking8     ,the load    

must1 as it seemed1 have been but light2
     ,the ,swan1 though1 to the clouds  
takes flight1   ,the ,pike into the     
water pulls1 the ,crab keeps backing4   
,now which of them was right1 which     
wrong1 concerns us not2   ,the cart is  
still upon the selfsame spot4    #bdf   
,this fable from the ,old ,testament is 
one of the         very oldest on record
 in which a story is         practically
 applied to a human problem4 ,the       
causes of political corruption          
apparently have         not changed much
 in three thousand years4               
,american citizens gather together at   
certain         times to choose mayors  
and other officers to         rule over 
them1 and when they say to the          
fruitful olive tree1 or fig tree1 or    
vine1         ,come thou and reign over 
us1 he replies1         ,should ,i      
forsake my productive factory1 or       
mine1 or profession1 to be mayor8 ,but  
when         they say to the bramble1   
,come thou and reign         over us1 he

 replies1 ,put your trust in me1        
and let those suffer who object to my   
management of public affairs4 ,jotham's 
lesson         of political duty is one 
greatly needed in the                   
present-day attempt to raise our        
standard of         citizenship4   ,,the
 ,,bramble ,,is ,,made ,,king  ,judges  
ix3 #f-af  ,and all the men of ,shechem 
gathered together1 and all the house of 
,millo1 and went1 and made ,abimelech   
king1 by the plain of the pillar that   
was in ,shechem4 ,and when they told it 
to ,jotham1 he went and stood in the top
 of ,mount ,gerizim1 and lifted up his  
voice1 and cried1 and said unto them3-- 
,hearken unto me1 ye men of ,shechem1   
that ,god may hearken unto you4 ,the    
trees went forth on a time to anoint a  
king over them2 and they said unto the  
olive tree1 ',reign thou over us4' ,but 
the olive tree said unto them1 ',should 
,i leave my fatness1 wherewith by me    
they honor ,god and man1 and go to be   
promoted over the trees8'  ,and the     

trees said to the fig tree1 ',come thou 
and reign over us4' ,but the fig tree   
said unto them1 ',should ,i forsake my  
sweetness and my good fruit1 and go to  
be promoted over the trees8'  ,then said
 the trees unto the vine1 ',come thou   
and reign over us4' ,and the vine said  
unto them1 ',should ,i leave my wine1   
which cheereth ,god and man1 and go to  
be promoted over the trees8'  ,then said
 all the trees unto the bramble1 ',come 
thou and reign over us4' ,and the       
bramble said unto the trees1 ',if in    
truth ye anoint me king over you1 then  
come and put your trust in my shadow3   
and if not1 let fire come out of the    
bramble and devour the cedars of        
,lebanon4'    #bdg          ,the        
concrete illustrations by means of which
         ,jesus constantly taught are   
called parables4         ,without a     
parable spake he not unto them4 ,the    
parable differs from the fable proper in
         dealing with more fundamental  
or ideal truth4         ,the fable moves

 on the plane of the prudential         
virtues1 the parable on the plane of the
 higher         self-forgetting virtues4
 ,because of that         difference    
there is in the parable no jesting      
nor raillery at the weakness1 the       
follies1 or         the crimes of men4  
,all is deeply earnest1                 
befitting its high spiritual point of   
view4 ,as         a rule the parables   
use for illustration         stories of 
what might actually happen4 ,two of     
the most familiar of the parables       
follow4 ,what         true              
neighborliness means is the message of  
,the ,good ,samaritan4   ,,the ,,good   
,,samaritan  ,luke x3#be-cg  ,and       
behold1 a certain lawyer stood up and   
tempted him1 saying1 ,master1 what shall
 ,i do to inherit eternal life8 ,he said
 unto him1 ,what is written in the law8 
how readest thou8 ,and he answering     
said1 ,thou shalt love the ,lord thy    
,god with all thy heart1 and with all   
thy soul1 and with all thy strength1 and

 with all thy mind2 and thy neighbor as 
thyself4 ,and ,he said unto him1 ,thou  
hast answered right2 this do1 and thou  
shalt live4 ,but he1 willing to justify 
himself1 said unto ,jesus1 ,and who is  
my neighbor8  ,and ,jesus answering     
said1 ,a certain man went down from     
,jerusalem to ,jericho1 and fell among  
thieves1 which stripped him of his      
raiment1 and wounded him1 and departed1 
leaving him half dead4 ,and by chance   
there came down a certain priest that   
way2 and when he saw him1 he passed by  
on the other side4 ,and likewise a      
,levite1 when he was at the place1 came 
and looked on him1 and passed by on the 
other side4 ,but a certain ,samaritan1  
as he journeyed1 came where he was2 and 
when he saw him1 he had compassion on   
him1 and went to him1 and bound up his  
wounds1 pouring in oil and wine1 and set
 him on his own beast1 and brought him  
to an inn1 and took care of him4 ,and on
 the morrow1 when he departed1 he took  
out two pence and gave them to the host 

and said unto him1 ',take care of him3  
and whatsoever thou spendest more1 when 
,i come again ,i will repay thee4'      
,which now of these three1 thinkest     
thou1 was neighbor unto him that fell   
among the thieves8  ,and he said1 ,he   
that showed mercy on him4  ,then said   
,jesus unto him1 ,go and do thou        
likewise4    #bdh   ,,the ,,prodigal    
,,son  ,luke xv3#aj-cb  ,likewise ,i say
 unto you1 there is joy in the presence 
of the angels of ,god over one sinner   
that repenteth4  ,and he said1 ,a       
certain man had two sons2 and the       
younger of them said to his father1     
',father1 give me the portion of goods  
that falleth to me4' ,and he divided    
unto them his living4  ,and not many    
days after1 the younger son gathered all
 together1 and took his journey into a  
far country1 and there wasted his       
substance with riotous living4 ,and when
 he had spent all1 there arose a mighty 
famine in that land2 and he began to be 
in want4 ,and he went and joined himself

 to a citizen of that country2 and he   
sent him into his fields to feed swine4 
,and he would fain have filled his belly
 with the husks that the swine did eat2 
and no man gave unto him4  ,and when he 
came to himself1 he said1 ',how many    
hired servants of my father's have bread
 enough and to spare1 and ,i perish with
 hunger6 ,i will arise and go to my     
father1 and will say unto him1 ,father1 
,i have sinned against heaven and before
 thee1 and am no more worthy to be      
called thy son2 make me as one of thy   
hired servants4'  ,and he arose and came
 to his father4 ,but when he was yet a  
great way off1 his father saw him1 and  
had compassion1 and ran1 and fell on his
 neck1 and kissed him4 ,and the son said
 unto him1 ',father1 ,i have sinned     
against heaven and in thy sight1 and am 
no more worthy to be called thy son4'   
,but the father said to his servants1   
',bring forth the best robe and put it  
on him2 and put a ring on his hand1 and 
shoes on his feet2 and bring hither the 

fatted calf and kill it2 and let us eat 
and be merry2 for this my son was dead  
and is alive again2 he was lost and is  
found4' ,and they began to be merry4    
,now his elder son was in the field2 and
 as he came and drew nigh to the house1 
he heard music and dancing4 ,and he     
called one of the servants and asked    
what these things meant4 ,and he said   
unto him1 ',thy brother is come2 and thy
 father hath killed the fatted calf1    
because he hath received him safe and   
sound4' ,and he was angry and would not 
go in2 therefore came his father out and
 entreated him4 ,and he answering1 said 
to his father1 ',lo1 these many years do
 ,i serve thee1 neither transgressed ,i 
at any time thy commandment2 and yet    
thou never gavest me a kid that ,i might
 make merry with my friends4 ,but as    
soon as this thy son was come1 which    
hath devoured thy living with harlots1  
thou hast killed for him the fatted     
calf4' ,and he said unto him1 ',son1    
thou art ever with me2 and all that ,i  

have is thine4 ,it was meet that we     
should make merry1 and be glad2 for this
 thy brother was dead1 and is alive     
again2 and was lost1 and is found4'     
#bdi          ,this little apologue is  
taken from ,norwood         7#ahfg71 a  
novel written by ,henry ,ward ,beecher  
for the ,new ,york ,ledger in the days  
when that         periodical1 under the 
direction of ,robert         ,bonner1   
was the great family weekly of ,america4
         ,in the course of the fiction  
,mr4 ,beecher         emphasizes the    
value of stories for children4          
,story-hunger in children1 he says1 is  
even         more urgent than           
bread-hunger4 ,and after the            
story has been told3 ,how charming it is
 to         narrate fables for children4
 4 4 4 ,children are         unconscious
 philosophers4 ,they refuse to pull     
to pieces their enjoyments to see what  
they are         made of4 ,rose knew as 
well as her father that         leaves  
never talked4 ,yet1 ,rose never saw a   

leaf         without feeling that there 
was life and meaning         in it4     
,,the ,,anxious ,,leaf  ,,henry ,,ward  
,,beecher  ,once upon a time a little   
leaf was heard to sigh and cry1 as      
leaves often do when a gentle wind is   
about4  ,and the twig said1 ,what is the
 matter1 little leaf8  ,and the leaf    
said1 ,the wind just told me that one   
day it would pull me off and throw me   
down to die on the ground6  ,the twig   
told it to the branch on which it grew1 
and the branch told it to the tree4 ,and
 when the tree heard it1 it rustled all 
over1 and sent back word to the leaf1   
,do not be afraid2 hold on tightly1 and 
you shall not go till you want to4 ,and 
so the leaf stopped sighing1 but went on
 nestling and singing4  ,every time the 
tree shook itself and stirred up all its
 leaves1 the branches shook themselves1 
and the little twig shook itself1 and   
the little leaf danced up and down      
merrily1 as if nothing could ever pull  
it off4  ,and so it grew all summer long

 till ,october4 ,and when the bright    
days of autumn came1 the little leaf saw
 all the leaves around becoming very    
beautiful4 ,some were yellow1 and some  
scarlet1 and some striped with both     
colors4  ,then it asked the tree what it
 meant4 ,and the tree said1 ,all these  
leaves are getting ready to fly away1   
and they have put on these beautiful    
colors1 because of joy4  ,then the      
little leaf began to want to go1 and    
grew very beautiful in thinking of it1  
and when it was very gay in color1 it   
saw that the branches of the tree had no
 color in them1 and so the leaf said1   
,oh1 branches6 why are you lead color   
and we golden8  ,we must keep on our    
work clothes1 for our life is not done2 
but your clothes are for holiday1       
because your tasks are over4  ,just     
then1 a little puff of wind came1 and   
the leaf let go without thinking of it1 
and the wind took it up1 and turned it  
over and over1 and whirled it like a    
spark of fire in the air and then it    

fell gently down under the edge of the  
fence among hundreds of leaves1 and fell
 into a dream and never waked up to tell
 what it dreamed about6    #bej         
,benjamin ,franklin 7#agjf-agij71 more  
than any         other ,american1 has   
emphasized for us the value         of  
proverbial sayings and the significance 
of         the symbolic story4 ,this    
account of how one may         pay too  
much for a whistle was written in #aggi 
while ,franklin was representing the    
colonies at         ,paris1 and         
addressed to his friend ,madame         
,brillon4 ,the making of apologues      
seemed to be a         favorite sort of 
game in the circle in which             
,franklin moved1 and his plain common   
sense is         always uppermost in    
whatever he produces4 ,the              
lesson of the whistle is always needed2 
we are         prone to put aside the   
essential thing for the                 
temporary and showy4 ,more than a       
century ago         ,noah ,webster put  

this story in his         school-reader1
 and most school-readers since          
have contained it4 ,the selection is    
here         reprinted complete4        
,teachers usually omit some         of  
the opening and closing paragraphs4     
,,the ,,whistle  ,,benjamin ,,franklin  
,i am charmed with your description of  
,paradise1 and with your plan of living 
there2 and ,i approve much of your      
conclusion1 that1 in the mean time1 we  
should draw all the good we can from    
this world4 ,in my opinion1 we might all
 draw more good than we do1 and suffer  
less evil1 if we would take care not to 
give too much for whistles4 ,for to me  
it seems that most of the unhappy people
 we meet with are become so by neglect  
of that caution4  ,you ask what ,i mean8
 ,you love stories1 and will excuse my  
telling one of myself4  ,when ,i was a  
child of seven years old1 my friends1 on
 a holiday1 filled my pockets with      
coppers4 ,i went directly to a shop     
where they sold toys for children2 and  

being charmed with the sound of a       
whistle1 that ,i met by the way in the  
hands of another boy1 ,i voluntarily    
offered and gave all my money for one4  
,i then came home1 and went whistling   
all over the house1 much pleased with my
 whistle1 but disturbing all the family4
 ,my brothers1 and sisters1 and cousins1
 understanding the bargain ,i had made1 
told me ,i had given four times as much 
for it as it was worth2 put me in mind  
what good things ,i might have bought   
with the rest of the money2 and laughed 
at me so much for my folly1 that ,i     
cried with vexation2 and the reflection 
gave me more chagrin than the whistle   
gave me pleasure4  ,this1 however1 was  
afterward of use to me1 the impression  
continuing on my mind2 so that often1   
when ,i was tempted to buy some         
unnecessary thing1 ,i said to myself1   
,don't give too much for the whistle2   
and ,i saved my money4  ,as ,i grew up  
,i thought ,i met with many1 very many1 
who gave too much for the whistle4      

,when ,i saw one too ambitious of court 
favor1 sacrificing his time1 his repose1
 his liberty1 his virtue1 and perhaps   
his friends1 to attain it1 ,i have said 
to myself1 ,this man gives too much for 
his whistle4  ,when ,i saw another fond 
of popularity1 constantly employing     
himself in political bustles1 neglecting
 his own affairs1 and ruining them by   
that neglect1 ,he pays1 indeed1 said ,i1
 too much for his whistle4  ,if ,i knew 
a miser1 who gave up every kind of      
comfortable living1 all the pleasure of 
doing good to others1 all the esteem of 
his fellow-citizens1 and the joys of    
benevolent friendship1 for the sake of  
accumulating wealth1 ,poor man1 said ,i1
 you pay too much for your whistle4     
,when ,i met with a man of pleasure1    
sacrificing every laudable improvement  
of the mind1 or of his fortune1 to mere 
corporal sensations1 and ruining his    
health in their pursuit1 ,mistaken man1 
said ,i1 you are providing pain for     
yourself1 instead of pleasure2 you give 

too much for your whistle4  ,if ,i see  
one fond of appearance1 or fine clothes1
 fine houses1 fine furniture1 fine      
equipages1 all above his fortune1 for   
which he contracts debts1 and ends his  
career in a prison1 ,alas6 say ,i1 he   
has paid dear1 very dear1 for his       
whistle4  ,when ,i see a beautiful1     
sweet-tempered girl married to an       
ill-natured brute of a husband1 ,what a 
pity1 say ,i1 that she should pay so    
much for a whistle6  ,in short1 ,i      
conceive that great part of the miseries
 of mankind are brought upon them by the
 false estimates they have made of the  
value of things1 and by their giving too
 much for their whistles4  ,yet ,i ought
 to have charity for these unhappy      
people1 when ,i consider that1 with all 
this wisdom of which ,i am boasting1    
there are certain things in the world so
 tempting1 for example1 the apples of   
,king ,john1 which happily are not to be
 bought2 for if they were put to sale by
 auction1 ,i might very easily be led to

 ruin myself in the purchase1 and find  
that ,i had once more given too much for
 the whistle4    #bea          ,the     
,ephemera was also addressed to ,madame 
,brillon1 the amiable ,brillante of the 
final         sentence4 ,it is an       
allegorical story         emphasizing   
the relative shortness of human         
life4 ,franklin's ,alas6 art is long and
 life is         short6 anticipates     
,longfellow's ,art is long         and  
time is fleeting4 ,but hundreds of      
writers         had preceded both of    
them in calling attention         to    
this at the same time commonplace and   
significant fact4 ,at the end1          
,franklin's quiet         acceptance of 
the rather gloomy outlook               
suggested by the ephemeral nature of    
life is         noteworthy1 and is      
characteristic of his         general   
temper4   ,,the ,,ephemera  ,an ,emblem 
of ,human ,life  ,,benjamin ,,franklin  
,you may remember1 my dear friend1 that 
when we lately spent that happy day in  

the delightful garden and sweet society 
of the ,moulin ,joly1 ,i stopped a      
little in one of our walks1 and stayed  
some time behind the company4 ,we had   
been shown numberless skeletons of a    
kind of little fly1 called an ephemera1 
whose successive generations1 we were   
told1 were bred and expired within the  
day4 ,i happened to see a living company
 of them on a leaf1 who appeared to be  
engaged in conversation4 ,you know ,i   
understand all the inferior animal      
tongues4 ,my too great application to   
the study of them is the best excuse ,i 
can give for the little progress ,i have
 made in your charming language4 ,i     
listened through curiosity to the       
discourse of these little creatures2 but
 as they1 in their national vivacity1   
spoke three or four together1 ,i could  
make but little of their conversation4  
,i found1 however1 by some broken       
expressions that ,i heard now and then1 
they were disputing warmly on the merit 
of two foreign musicians1 one a cousin1 

the other a moscheto2 in which dispute  
they spent their time1 seemingly as     
regardless of the shortness of life as  
if they had been sure of living a month4
 ,happy people6 thought ,i2 you live    
certainly under a wise1 just1 and mild  
government1 since you have no public    
grievances to complain of1 nor any      
subject of contention but the           
perfections and imperfections of foreign
 music4 ,i turned my head from them to  
an old grey-headed one1 who was single  
on another leaf1 and talking to himself4
 ,being amused with his soliloquy1 ,i   
put it down in writing1 in hopes it will
 likewise amuse her to whom ,i am so    
much indebted for the most pleasing of  
all amusements1 her delicious company   
and heavenly harmony4  ,it was1 said he1
 the opinion of learned philosophers of 
our race1 who lived and flourished long 
before my time1 that this vast world1   
the ,moulin ,joly1 could not itself     
subsist more than eighteen hours2 and ,i
 think there was some foundation for    

that opinion1 since1 by the apparent    
motion of the great luminary that gives 
life to all nature1 and which in my time
 has evidently declined considerably    
towards the ocean at the end of our     
earth1 it must then finish its course1  
be extinguished in the waters that      
surround us1 and leave the world in cold
 and darkness1 necessarily producing    
universal death and destruction4 ,i have
 lived seven of those hours1 a great    
age1 being no less than four hundred and
 twenty minutes of time4 ,how very few  
of us continue so long6 ,i have seen    
generations born1 flourish1 and expire4 
,my present friends are the children and
 grandchildren of the friends of my     
youth1 who are now1 also1 no more6 ,and 
,i must soon follow them2 for1 by the   
course of nature1 though still in       
health1 ,i cannot expect to live above  
seven or eight minutes longer4 ,what now
 avails all my toil and labor in        
amassing honey-dew on this leaf1 which  
,i cannot live to enjoy6 ,what the      

political struggles ,i have been engaged
 in1 for the good of my compatriot      
inhabitants of this bush1 or my         
philosophical studies for the benefit of
 our race in general6 for1 in politics1 
what can laws do without morals8 ,our   
present race of ephemerae will in a     
course of minutes become corrupt1 like  
those of other and older bushes1 and    
consequently as wretched4 ,and in       
philosophy how small is our progress6   
,alas6 art is long1 and life is short6  
,my friends would comfort me with the   
idea of a name1 they say1 ,i shall leave
 behind me2 and they tell me ,i have    
lived long enough to nature and to      
glory4 ,but what will fame be to an     
ephemera who no longer exists8 ,and what
 will become of all history in the      
eighteenth hour1 when the world itself1 
even the whole ,moulin ,joly1 shall come
 to its end1 and be buried in universal 
ruin8  ,to me1 after all my eager       
pursuits1 no solid pleasures now remain1
 but the reflection of a long life spent

 in meaning well1 the sensible          
conversation of a few good lady         
ephemerae1 and now and then a kind smile
 and a tune from the ever amiable       
,brillante4    #beb          ,the brief 
allegory that follows is very           
generally regarded as the finest and    
noblest         specimen of its type4   
,it is here reprinted                   
approximately in the form of its first  
appearance1 now more than two hundred   
years         ago1 as more in keeping   
with its spirit than a         modern   
dress would be4 ,the world of recent    
times is not so much given to this kind 
of         writing as the eighteenth    
century was4 ,like         ,franklin's  
,ephemera1 ,addison's vision grows      
out of profound contemplation on the    
vanity of         human life4 ,the key  
to the symbolism is found         in the
 threescore and ten arches of the       
bridge1 representing the scriptural     
limit of         physical existence1    
with some broken arches for         any 

excess of that limit4 ,the fact that the
         bridge consisted at first of a 
thousand arches         is a reference  
to the great number of years            
assigned to some of the patriarchs4 ,the
         splendid concluding vision in  
which ,mirzah sees         the          
compensations for the ills of this life 
suggests a very different type of mind  
from         that of the this-worldly   
closing paragraph in         ,franklin's
 apologue4 ,the ,vision of ,mirzah is   
,no4 #aei of the ,spectator 7,september 
#a1 #agaa74   ,,the ,,vision ,,of       
,,mirzah  ,,joseph ,,addison  ,when ,i  
was at ,grand ,cairo ,i picked up       
several oriental manuscripts1 which ,i  
have still by me4 ,among others ,i met  
with one entitled ,the ,visions of      
,mirzah1 which ,i have read over with   
great pleasure4 ,i intend to give it to 
the public when ,i have no other        
entertainment for them2 and ,i shall    
begin with the first vision1 which ,i   
have translated word for word as        

follows3  ,on the fifth day of the moon1
 which according to the custom of my    
forefathers ,i always kept holy1 after  
having washed myself1 and offered up my 
morning devotions1 ,i ascended the high 
hills of ,bagdat1 in order to pass the  
rest of the day in meditation and       
prayer4 ,as ,i was here airing myself on
 the tops of the mountains1 ,i fell into
 profound contemplation on the vanity of
 human life2 and passing from one       
thought to another1 surely1 said ,i1 man
 is but a shadow and life a dream4      
,whilst ,i was thus musing1 ,i cast my  
eyes towards the summit of a rock that  
was not far from me1 where ,i discovered
 one in the habit of a shepherd1 with a 
musical instrument in his hand4 ,as ,i  
looked upon him he applied it to his    
lips1 and began to play upon it4 ,the   
sound of it was exceeding sweet1 and    
wrought into a variety of tunes that    
were inexpressibly melodious1 and       
altogether different from anything ,i   
had ever heard4 ,they put me in mind of 

those heavenly airs that are played to  
the departed souls of good men upon     
their first arrival in paradise to wear 
out the impressions of their last       
agonies1 and qualify them for the       
pleasures of that happy place4 ,my heart
 melted away in secret raptures4  ,i had
 been often told that the rock before me
 was the haunt of a genius2 and that    
several had been entertained with music 
who had passed by it1 but never heard   
that the musician had before made       
himself visible4 ,when he had raised my 
thoughts by those transporting airs     
which he played1 to taste the pleasure  
of his conversation1 as ,i looked upon  
him like one astonished1 he beckoned to 
me1 and by the waving of his hand       
directed me to approach the place where 
he sat4 ,i drew near with that reverence
 which is due to a superior nature3 and 
as my heart was entirely subdued by the 
captivating strains ,i had heard1 ,i    
fell down at his feet and wept4 ,the    
genius smiled upon me with a look of    

compassion and affability that          
familiarized him to my imagination1 and 
at once dispelled all the fears and     
apprehensions with which ,i approached  
him4 ,he lifted me from the ground1 and 
taking me by the hand1 ,mirzah1 said he1
 ,i have heard thee in thy soliloquies3 
follow me4  ,he then led me to the      
highest pinnacle of the rock1 and placed
 me on the top of it4 ,cast thy eyes    
eastward1 said he1 and tell me what thou
 seest4 ,i see1 said ,i1 a huge valley  
and a prodigious tide of water rolling  
through it4 ,the valley that thou seest1
 said he1 is the vale of misery1 and the
 tide of water that thou seest is part  
of the great tide of eternity4 ,what is 
the reason1 said ,i1 that the tide ,i   
see rises out of a thick mist at one    
end1 and again loses itself in a thick  
mist at the other8 ,what thou seest1    
says he1 is that portion of eternity    
which is called time1 measured out by   
the sun1 and reaching from the beginning
 of the world to its consummation4      

,examine now1 said he1 this sea that is 
thus bounded with darkness at both ends1
 and tell me what thou discoverest in   
it4 ,i see a bridge1 said ,i1 standing  
in the midst of the tide4 ,the bridge   
thou seest1 said he1 is human life2     
consider it attentively4 ,upon a more   
leisurely survey of it1 ,i found that it
 consisted of threescore and ten entire 
arches1 with several broken arches1     
which added to those that were entire1  
made up the number about an hundred4 ,as
 ,i was counting the arches the genius  
told me that the bridge consisted at    
first of a thousand arches2 but that a  
great flood swept away the rest1 and    
left the bridge in the ruinous condition
 ,i now beheld it4 ,but tell me further1
 said he1 what thou discoverest on it4  
,i see multitudes of people passing over
 it1 said ,i1 and a black cloud hanging 
on each end of it4 ,as ,i looked more   
attentively1 ,i saw several of the      
passengers dropping through the bridge1 
into the great tide that flowed         

underneath it2 and upon further         
examination1 perceived there were       
innumerable trap-doors that lay         
concealed in the bridge which the       
passengers no sooner trod upon1 but they
 fell through them into the tide and    
immediately disappeared4 ,these hidden  
pit-falls were set very thick at the    
entrance of the bridge1 so that the     
throngs of people no sooner broke       
through the cloud1 but many of them fell
 into them4 ,they grew thinner towards  
the middle1 but multiplied and lay      
closer together towards the end of the  
arches that were entire4  ,there were   
indeed some persons1 but their number   
was very small1 that continued a kind of
 hobbling march on the broken arches1   
but fell through one after another1     
being quite tired and spent with so long
 a walk4  ,i passed some time in the    
contemplation of this wonderful         
structure1 and the great variety of     
objects which it presented4 ,my heart   
was filled with a deep melancholy to see

 several dropping unexpectedly in the   
midst of mirth and jollity1 and catching
 at everything that stood by them to    
save themselves4 ,some were looking up  
towards the heavens in a thoughtful     
posture1 and in the midst of a          
speculation stumbled and fell out of    
sight4 ,multitudes were very busy in the
 pursuit of baubles that glittered in   
their eyes and danced before them1 but  
often when they thought themselves      
within the reach of them1 their footing 
failed and down they sank4 ,in this     
confusion of objects1 ,i observed some  
with scimetars in their hands1 who ran  
to and fro upon the bridge1 thrusting   
several persons upon trap-doors which   
did not seem to lie in their way1 and   
which they might have escaped1 had they 
not been thus forced upon them4  ,the   
genius seeing me indulge myself in this 
melancholy prospect1 told me ,i had     
dwelt long enough upon it3 take thine   
eyes off the bridge1 said he1 and tell  
me if thou seest anything thou dost not 

comprehend4 ,upon looking up1 what mean1
 said ,i1 those great flights of birds  
that are perpetually hovering about the 
bridge1 and settling upon it from time  
to time8 ,i see vultures1 harpies1      
ravens1 cormorants1 and among many other
 feathered creatures several little     
winged boys1 that perch in great numbers
 upon the middle arches4 ,these1 said   
the genius1 are envy1 avarice1          
superstition1 despair1 love1 with the   
like cares and passions that infect     
human life4  ,i here fetched a deep     
sigh2 alas1 said ,i1 man was made in    
vain6 ,how is he given away to misery   
and mortality6 tortured in life1 and    
swallowed up in death6 ,the genius1     
being moved with compassion towards me1 
bid me quit so uncomfortable a prospect4
 ,look no more1 said he1 on a man in the
 first stage of his existence1 in his   
setting out for eternity2 but cast thine
 eye on that thick mist into which the  
tide bears the several generations of   
mortals that fall into it4 ,i directed  

my sight as was ordered1 and 7whether or
 no the good genius strengthened it with
 any supernatural force1 or dissipated  
part of the mist that was before too    
thick for the eye to penetrate7 ,i saw  
the valley opening at the farther end1  
and spreading forth into an immense     
ocean that had a huge rock of adamant   
running through the midst of it1 and    
dividing it into two equal parts4 ,the  
clouds still rested on one-half of it1  
insomuch that ,i could discover nothing 
in it2 but the other appeared to me a   
vast ocean planted with innumerable     
islands1 that were covered with fruits  
and flowers1 and interwoven with a      
thousand little shining seas that ran   
among them4 ,i could see persons dressed
 in glorious habits with garlands upon  
their heads1 passing among the trees1   
lying down by the sides of the          
fountains1 or resting on beds of        
flowers2 and could hear a confused      
harmony of singing birds1 falling       
waters1 human voices1 and musical       

instruments4 ,gladness grew in me upon  
the discovery of so delightful a scene4 
,i wished for the wings of an eagle1    
that ,i might fly away to those happy   
seats2 but the genius told me there was 
no passage to them except through the   
gates of death that ,i saw opening every
 moment upon the bridge4 ,the islands1  
said he1 that lie so fresh and green    
before thee1 and with which the whole   
face of the ocean appears spotted as far
 as thou canst see1 are more in number  
than the sands of the sea-shore2 there  
are myriads of islands behind those     
which thou here discoverest1 reaching   
farther than thy eyes1 or even than     
thine imagination1 can extend itself4   
,these are the mansions of good men     
after death1 who1 according to the      
degree and kinds of virtue in which they
 excelled1 are distributed among these  
several islands1 which abound with      
pleasures of different kinds and        
degrees1 suitable to the relishes and   
perfections of those who are settled in 

them2 every island is a paradise1       
accommodated to its respective          
inhabitants4 ,are not these1 ,o ,mirzah1
 habitations worth contending for8 ,does
 life appear miserable that gives the   
opportunities of earning such a reward8 
,is death to be feared that will convey 
thee to so happy an existence8 ,think   
not a man was made in vain who has such 
an eternity reserved for him4 ,i gazed  
with inexpressible pleasure on these    
happy islands4 ,at length1 said ,i1     
,show me now1 ,i beseech thee1 the      
secrets that lie hid under those dark   
clouds which cover the ocean on the     
other side of the rock of adamant4 ,the 
genius making me no answer1 ,i turned   
about to address myself to him a second 
time1 but ,i found that he had left me4 
,i then turned again to the vision which
 ,i had been so long contemplating1 but1
 instead of the rolling tide1 the arched
 bridge1 and the happy islands1 ,i saw  
nothing but the long hollow valley of   
,bagdat1 with oxen1 sheep1 and camels   

grazing upon the sides of it4    #bec   
,the ,discontented ,pendulum was one of 
seventy-nine brief prose selections by  
,jane         ,taylor 7#aghc-ahbd7 which
 appeared first in a         paper for  
young people and were1 after the        
author's death1 gathered together and   
published         as ,contributions of  
,q4 ,q4 7#ahbf74 ,this one              
selection only from that volume still   
lives1 is         reprinted often in    
school-readers1 and by         virtue of
 its cleverness and point deserves its  
happy fate4 ,the author attached to it a
 ,moral         almost as long as the   
story itself1 and that         has long 
since fallen by the wayside4 ,perhaps   
that is because the story is too clear  
to need         the ,moral4 ,here are a 
few sentences from it3         ,the     
present is all we have to manage3 the   
past is irrecoverable2 the future is    
uncertain2         nor is it fair to    
burden one moment with the              
weight of the next4 ,sufficient unto the

         moment is the trouble thereof4 
4 4 4 ,one moment         comes laden   
with its own little burden1 then        
flies1 and is succeeded by another no   
heavier         than the last2 if one   
could be sustained1 so         can      
another1 and another4 4 4 4 ,let any one
         resolve to do right now1       
leaving then to do         as it can1   
and if he were to live to the age of    
,methuselah1 he would never err4 4 4 4  
,let us then1         'whatever our     
hands find to do1 do it with all        
our might1 recollecting that now is the 
proper and the accepted time4'   ,,the  
,,discontented ,,pendulum  ,,jane       
,,taylor  ,an old clock that had stood  
for fifty years in a farmer's kitchen   
without giving its owner any cause of   
complaint1 early one summer's morning1  
before the family was stirring1 suddenly
 stopped4  ,upon this1 the dial-plate   
7if we may credit the fable7 changed    
countenance with alarm3 the hands made  
an ineffectual effort to continue their 

course2 the wheels remained motionless  
with surprise2 the weights hung         
speechless2 each member felt disposed to
 lay the blame on the others4 ,at length
 the dial instituted a formal inquiry as
 to the cause of the stagnation2 when   
hands1 wheels1 weights1 with one voice1 
protested their innocence4 ,but now a   
faint tick was heard below1 from the    
pendulum1 who thus spoke3  ,i confess   
myself to be the sole cause of the      
present stoppage2 and am willing1 for   
the general satisfaction1 to assign my  
reasons4 ,the truth is that ,i am tired 
of ticking4 ,upon hearing this1 the old 
clock became so enraged that it was on  
the point of striking4  ,lazy wire6     
exclaimed the dial-plate1 holding up its
 hands4  ,very good6 replied the        
pendulum1 it is vastly easy for you1    
,mistress ,dial1 who have always1 as    
everybody knows1 set yourself up above  
me--it is vastly easy for you1 ,i say1  
to accuse other people of laziness6     
,you1 who have had nothing to do all the

 days of your life but to stare people  
in the face1 and to amuse yourself with 
watching all that goes on in the        
kitchen6 ,think1 ,i beseech you1 how you
 would like to be shut up for life in   
this dark closet1 and wag backwards and 
forwards1 year after year1 as ,i do4    
,as to that1 said the dial1 is there not
 a window in your house on purpose for  
you to look through8  ,for all that1    
resumed the pendulum1 it is very dark   
here2 and although there is a window1 ,i
 dare not stop1 even for an instant1 to 
look out4 ,besides1 ,i am really weary  
of my way of life2 and if you please1   
,i'll tell you how ,i took this disgust 
at my employment4 ,this morning ,i      
happened to be calculating how many     
times ,i should have to tick in the     
course only of the next twenty-four     
hours3 perhaps some of you1 above there1
 can give me the exact sum4  ,the minute
 hand1 being quick at figures1 instantly
 replied1 ,eighty-six thousand four     
hundred times4  ,exactly so1 replied the

 pendulum3 well1 ,i appeal to you all1  
if the thought of this was not enough to
 fatigue one8 ,and when ,i began to     
multiply the stroke of one day by those 
of months and years1 really it is no    
wonder if ,i felt discouraged at the    
prospect2 so after a great deal of      
reasoning and hesitation1 thinks ,i to  
myself--,i'll stop4  ,the dial could    
scarcely keep its countenance during    
this harangue2 but1 resuming its        
gravity1 thus replied3  ,dear ,mr4      
,pendulum1 ,i am really astonished that 
such a useful1 industrious person as    
yourself should have been overcome by   
this sudden suggestion4 ,it is true you 
have done a great deal of work in your  
time4 ,so we have all1 and are likely to
 do2 and although this may fatigue us to
 think of1 the question is1 whether it  
it will fatigue us to do3 would you now 
do me the favor to give about half a    
dozen strokes to illustrate my argument8
  ,the pendulum complied1 and ticked six
 times at its usual pace4 ,now1 resumed 

the dial1 may ,i be allowed to inquire  
if that exertion was at all fatiguing or
 disagreeable to you8  ,not in the      
least1 replied the pendulum2--,it is not
 of six strokes that ,i complain1 nor of
 sixty1 but of millions4  ,very good1   
replied the dial1 but recollect that    
although you may think of a million     
strokes in an instant1 you are required 
to execute but one2 and that however    
often you may hereafter have to swing1 a
 moment will always be given you to     
swing in4  ,that consideration staggers 
me1 ,i confess1 said the pendulum4      
,then ,i hope1 resumed the dial-plate1  
we shall all immediately return to our  
duty2 for the maids will lie in bed till
 noon if we stand idling thus4  ,upon   
this1 the weights1 who had never been   
accused of light conduct1 used all their
 influence in urging him to proceed2    
when1 as with one consent1 the wheels   
began to turn1 the hands began to move1 
the pendulum began to wag1 and1 to its  
credit1 ticked as loud as ever2 while a 

beam of the rising sun that streamed    
through a hole in the kitchen shutter1  
shining full upon the dial-plate1 it    
brightened up as if nothing had been the
 matter4  ,when the farmer came down to 
breakfast that morning1 upon looking at 
the clock he declared that his watch had
 gained half an hour in the night4      
#bed          ,count ,leo ,tolstoy      
7#ahbh-aiaj7 was a ,russian             
novelist1 poet1 and social reformer2    
author1         among other important   
works1 of ,war and ,peace         and   
,anna ,karenina4 ,he wrote many short   
stories and sketches1 a number of which 
are         markedly symbolic in        
character4 ,the one that         follows
 is a good illustration of a type of    
such tales pleasing to modern minds4 ,we
 no         longer produce the formal   
fable or allegory4 ,in                  
,tolstoy's story are two historical     
characters         of so pronounced     
individuality that their names          
always suggest definite ideas--,croesus1

 riches         and worldly greatness2  
,solon1 wisdom and         worldly      
poverty and lowliness4 ,these ideas are 
brought into conflict1 and the outcome  
allows         us to see which is the   
basic one in ,tolstoy's         theory  
of life4 ,who is the happy warrior8 ,one
         would merely have to quote some
 words from the         story to have an
 answer4 ,and if the reader             
feels the force of the answer1 as       
,tolstoy         evidently hoped he     
would1 it means a new or at             
least a more distinctly held ideal of   
living4   ,,croesus ,,and ,,solon  ,,leo
 ,,tolstoy  ,in olden times--long1 long 
before the coming of ,christ--there     
reigned over a certain country a great  
king called ,croesus4 ,he had much gold 
and silver1 and many precious stones1 as
 well as numberless soldiers and slaves4
 ,indeed1 he thought that in all the    
world there could be no happier man than
 himself4  ,but one day there chanced to
 visit the country which ,croesus ruled 

a ,greek philosopher named ,solon4 ,far 
and wide was ,solon famed as a wise man 
and a just2 and1 inasmuch as his fame   
had reached ,croesus also1 the king     
commanded that he should be conducted to
 his presence4  ,seated upon his throne1
 and robed in his most gorgeous apparel1
 ,croesus asked of ,solon3 ,have you    
ever seen aught more splendid than this8
  ,of a surety have ,i1 replied ,solon4 
,peacocks1 cocks1 and pheasants glitter 
with colors so diverse and so brilliant 
that no art can compare with them4      
,croesus was silent as he thought to    
himself3 ,since this is not enough1 ,i  
must show him something more1 to        
surprise him4  ,so he exhibited the     
whole of his riches before ,solon's     
eyes1 as well as boasted of the number  
of foes he had slain1 and the number of 
territories he had conquered4 ,then he  
said to the philosopher3  ,you have     
lived long in the world1 and have       
visited many countries4 ,tell me whom   
you consider to be the happiest man     

living8  ,the happiest man living ,i    
consider to be a certain poor man who   
lives in ,athens1 replied ,solon4  ,the 
king was surprised at this answer1 for  
he had made certain that ,solon would   
name him himself2 yet1 for all that1 the
 philosopher had named a perfectly      
obscure individual6  ,why do you say    
that8 asked ,croesus4  ,because1 replied
 ,solon1 the man of whom ,i speak has   
worked hard all his life1 has been      
content with little1 has reared fine    
children1 has served his city honorably1
 and has achieved a noble reputation4   
,when ,croesus heard this he exclaimed3 
,and do you reckon my happiness as      
nothing1 and consider that ,i am not fit
 to be compared with the man of whom you
 speak8  ,to this ,solon replied3       
,often it befalls that a poor man is    
happier than a rich man4 ,call no man   
happy until he is dead4  ,the king      
dismissed ,solon1 for he was not pleased
 at his words1 and had no belief in him4
  ,a fig for melancholy6 he thought4    

,while a man lives he should live for   
pleasure4  ,so he forgot about ,solon   
entirely4  ,not long afterwards the     
king's son went hunting1 but wounded    
himself by a mischance1 and died of the 
wound4 ,next1 it was told to ,croesus   
that the powerful ,emperor ,cyrus was   
coming to make war upon him4  ,so       
,croesus went out against ,cyrus with a 
great army1 but the enemy proved the    
stronger1 and1 having won the battle and
 shattered ,croesus' forces1 penetrated 
to the capital4  ,then the foreign      
soldiers began to pillage all ,king     
,croesus' riches1 and to slay the       
inhabitants1 and to sack and fire the   
city4 ,one soldier seized ,croesus      
himself1 and was just about to stab him1
 when the king's son darted forward to  
defend his father1 and cried aloud3  ,do
 not touch him6 ,that is ,croesus1 the  
king6  ,so the soldiers bound ,croesus1 
and carried him away to the ,emperor2   
but ,cyrus was celebrating his victory  
at a banquet1 and could not speak with  

the captive1 so orders were sent out for
 ,croesus to be executed4  ,in the      
middle of the city square the soldiers  
built a great burning-pile1 and upon the
 top of it they placed ,king ,croesus1  
bound him to a stake1 and set fire to   
the pile4  ,croesus gazed around him1   
upon his city and upon his palace4 ,then
 he remembered the words of the ,greek  
philosopher1 and1 bursting into tears1  
could only say3  ,ah1 ,solon1 ,solon6   
,the soldiers were closing in about the 
pile when the ,emperor ,cyrus arrived in
 person to view the execution4 ,as he   
did so he caught these words uttered by 
,croesus1 but could not understand them4
  ,so he commanded ,croesus to be taken 
from the pile1 and inquired of him what 
he had just said4 ,croesus answered3  ,i
 was but naming the name of a wise      
man--of one who told me a great truth--a
 truth that is of greater worth than all
 earthly riches1 than all our kingly    
glory4  ,and ,croesus related to ,cyrus 
his conversation with ,solon4 ,the story

 touched the heart of the ,emperor1 for 
he bethought him that he too was but a  
man1 that he too knew not what ,fate    
might have in store for him4 ,so in the 
end he had mercy upon ,croesus1 and     
became his friend4     ,,section ,,vi   
,,myths     ,,bibliography   ,i4        
,,general ,,handbooks    ,bulfinch1     
,thomas1 ,mythology3 ,the ,age of       
,fable4    ,gayley1 ,charles ,mills1    
,classic ,myths in ,english ,literature 
and       in ,art4   ,,ii4 ,,greek ,,and
 ,,roman    ,baker1 ,emilie ,kip1       
,stories of ,old ,greece and ,rome4     
,baldwin1 ,james1 ,old ,greek ,stories4 
,francillon1 ,r4 ,e41 ,gods and ,heroes1
 or the ,kingdom of ,jupiter4           
,guerber1 ,h4 ,a41 ,myths of ,greece and
 ,rome4    ,hawthorne1 ,nathaniel1 ,a   
,wonder-,book for ,boys and ,girls4     
,hawthorne1 ,nathaniel1 ,tanglewood     
,tales3 ,a ,second ,wonder-,book4       
,kingsley1 ,charles1 ,greek ,heroes4    
,kupfer1 ,grace ,h41 ,stories of ,long  
,ago4    ,peabody1 ,josephine ,p41 ,old 

,greek ,folk ,stories4   ,,iii4         
,,northern ,,myths    ,anderson1 ,r4    
,b41 ,norse ,mythology1 or ,the         
,religion of ,our       ,forefathers4   
,baker1 ,emilie ,kip1 ,stories of       
,northern ,myths4    ,boult1 ,katherine 
,f41 ,heroes of the ,northland4         
,brown1 ,abbie ,farwell1 ,in the ,days  
of the ,giants4    ,colum1 ,padraic1    
,the ,children of ,odin4    ,guerber1   
,h4 ,a41 ,myths of ,northern ,lands4    
,keary1 ,anna and ,eliza1 ,the ,heroes  
of ,asgard4    ,mabie1 ,hamilton        
,wright1 ,norse ,stories4               
,wilmot-,buxton1 ,e4 ,m41 ,stories of   
,norse ,heroes4    ,,iv4 ,,nature       
,,myths 7,,pourquoi ,,stories7    ,cook1
 ,flora ,j41 ,nature ,myths4            
,holbrook1 ,florence1 ,the ,book of     
,nature ,myths4   ,v4 ,,critical ,,works
    ,cox1 ,sir ,g4 ,w41 ,mythology of   
the ,aryan ,nations4 #b vols4    ,fiske1
 ,john1 ,myths and ,myth-,makers4       
,frazer1 ,j4 ,g41 ,the ,golden ,bough4  
#ab vols4    ,hartland1 ,e4 ,s41 ,the   

,legend of ,perseus4 #c vols4    ,lang1 
,andrew1 ,myth1 ,ritual1 and ,religion4 
#b vols4    ,mueller1 ,max1             
,contributions to the ,science of       
,mythology4    ,ruskin1 ,john1 ,athena1 
,queen of the ,air4    ,spencer1        
,herbert1 ,principles of ,sociology4    
,tylor1 ,e4 ,b41 ,primitive ,culture4 #b
 vols4    ,,section ,,vi4 ,,myths       
,,introductory   ,what myths are4 ,it   
seems that every race of people in the  
period of barbarism and early           
civilization has created fanciful1      
childlike stories to explain such things
 as the origin of earth1 sun1 stars1    
clouds1 life1 death1 fire1 man1 lower   
animals1 and plants1 and the            
characteristics of particular plants and
 animals4 ,in most cases1 if not all1   
they have accounted for the origin of   
such things by the theory that they were
 created by gods and super-human heroes4
 ,among such peoples as the ,greek and  
,norse folk1 many stories also grew up  
regarding the gods and super-human      

heroes and their relations with one     
another and with men4 ,all of these old 
stories about the creation of things and
 about the gods and super-human heroes  
are called myths4 ,as time went on and  
the peoples became civilized1 the       
original myths were regarded merely as  
fanciful tales1 and were used to furnish
 characters and plots for many stories  
told chiefly for entertainment4 ,often1 
as in the story of ,ulysses1 legends of 
national heroes were combined with them4
 ,even in our time such writers as      
,hawthorne and ,kingsley and ,lowell    
have used these old characters and plots
 as the basis of stories1 many of which 
differ greatly from the original myths4 
,myths and other folk stories4 ,myths   
were pretty largely matters of faith to 
begin with4 ,they were the basis of     
old-time religious beliefs1 explaining  
to the mind of primitive man how things 
came to be as they are4 ,this tendency  
to adopt what are to educated minds     
fanciful explanations of all that is    

beyond their understanding is easily    
observable in the way children explain  
the unknown4 ,it seems fairly clear1 on 
the other hand1 that fairy stories were 
told by the folk as matter of           
entertainment4 ,they did not believe    
that pigs actually talked1 that a       
princess could sleep a hundred years1   
that a bean-stalk could grow as fast and
 as far as ,jack's did1 or that toads   
and diamonds could actually come out of 
one's mouth4 ,it may be1 as some        
theorists insist1 that remains of myth  
survive in some of these fairy stories4 
,on the whole1 however1 the folk        
believed these tales only in the sense  
in which we believe in a fine story such
 as ,the ,vision of ,sir ,launfal or    
,enoch ,arden4 ,they express the        
pleasing imaginings and longings of the 
human spirit1 its ideals of character   
and conduct1 its sense of the wonder and
 mystery of the universe4 ,the fairy    
tale1 in general1 is nearer the surface 
of life2 the myth was concerned with the

 most fundamental problems of the whence
 and the why of things4  ,such          
distinctions1 however1 belong to the    
realm of scientific scholarship4 ,the   
teacher is concerned with myths simply  
as splendid stories that have come down 
to us from a time when human beings     
seemed to feel themselves bound into a  
unity with nature and all mysterious    
powers around them2 stories that through
 constant repetition were rounded and   
perfected1 and finally1 through use by  
the poets1 have reached us in a fairly  
systematic form4 ,the so-called poetic  
mythology is the one of special value   
for our purposes4 ,it comes to us       
through ,ovid in the ,south1 and does   
not distinguish between the gods of     
,greece and ,rome4 ,it comes through the
 ,eddas of the ,north4 ,it is this      
poetic mythology that furnishes the     
basis of allusion in literature and in  
art1 and which is retold for us in the  
various versions for modern readers4 ,if
 we hold fast to this correct idea that 

as teachers in elementary schools our   
interest in myths is exactly like our   
interest in other folk products1 an     
interest in them as stories tested by   
the ages1 an interest in them as        
presenting familiar and suggestive types
 of character and conduct1 an interest  
in them as stimulating our sense of     
wonder and mystery1 we shall not be     
disturbed by the violent discussions    
that sometimes rage over the            
advisability of using myths with        
children4  ,values of myth4 ,to make the
 above proposition as clear as possible1
 let us first tabulate briefly the      
values of myth1 borrowing a suggestion  
from ,jeremiah ,curtin3          #a4 ,a 
wonderful story told in most effective  
fashion4 ,to realize this value1 one    
needs to         recall only the efforts
 of ,prometheus in         bringing down
 fire for man and his heroic            
endurance of vengeful tyranny as a      
result4 ,the         work of ,hercules  
in slaying the many-headed              

serpent or in cleansing the ,augean     
stables1 the         adventures of      
,theseus culminating in the             
labyrinth of the horrible ,minotaur1 the
         beautiful hospitality of       
,baucis and ,philemon1         the      
equally beautiful sadness of the death  
of         ,balder--all these simply    
hint the riches of the         myth as  
story4 ,this story interest is the one  
that appeals to all human beings as     
human         beings and is therefore   
fundamental4          #b4 ,myth         
preserves much material of social and   
antiquarian interest4 ,it helps us      
understand         the institutions and 
customs of primitive         stages in  
human development1 and as such has      
great value for scientific students of  
human         society4          #c4     
,myth preserves evidences of how the    
mind of         man looked out upon his 
surroundings and what         it did in 
the way of interpreting them4 ,it       
makes most valuable contributions1      

therefore1         to the history of the
 human mind1 and must be         taken  
into account in the science of          
anthropology4  ,it must be evident that 
the second and third values are only in 
the slightest degree within the range of
 the child in his early years of school 
work4  ,objections to myth4 ,the        
objections to the use of myths in school
 may also be brought under three heads3 
#a4 ,they come from a plane of ethics   
much lower         than our own4 ,this  
is the one strong argument              
against all folk material1 and it has a 
validity that must be frankly           
recognized4 ,there         are the      
miscellaneous love affairs of ,jupiter1 
and certain stories that have elements  
of         horror and brutality4 ,such  
stories we cannot         use1 though an
 error on that side is better           
than effeminancy4 ,occasional defects   
cannot         outweigh the great       
positive ethical worth of         myth4 
,we must simply make intelligent choice4

         ,the situation is not different
 from what it is         in choosing    
from modern poetry and story4 ,it       
would be poor evidence of our sanity if 
we         ruled out all poetry because 
some of it is not         fit4 ,let us1 
however1 omit entirely those myths      
that are not suitable rather than       
attempt         making them over to suit
 modern conceptions4 ,we         may    
properly allow liberties to a literary  
artist like ,hawthorne that a mere      
artisan         should not take4        
#b4 ,myth deals with the worn-out and   
obsolete         ideas of the past1 and 
will give children false                
religious and scientific notions4 ,but  
one does         not rule out ,paradise 
,lost because ,milton's                 
cosmogony is so purely fanciful1 nor    
,dante         because of his equally   
fantastic structure of         the      
,inferno4 ,neither children nor older   
readers         are ever led astray by  
these purely incidental                 

backgrounds against which and by means  
of which         the human interest is  
powerfully projected4          #c4 ,myth
 is too deeply symbolical4 ,but readers 
of different ages and abilities find    
results up         to their stature4 ,we
 do not demand that the         children
 shall be able to understand all that   
is back of ,gulliver's ,travels1 or     
,pilgrim's         ,progress1 before we 
give them those books4         ,what is 
worth while in literature has an        
increasing message as the powers of the 
reader         increase4  ,how to use   
myths4 ,we may sum up the conclusions   
thus3 ,select those myths that tell     
stories of dramatic force and that have 
sound ethical worth4 ,so far as possible
 let these be the ones most familiar in 
literary allusion and in common speech4 
,present the myth as you would any other
 folk story4 ,since myth naturally comes
 along a little later than fairy        
stories1 probably beginning not earlier 
than the third grade1 the discussion of 

its meanings may take a wider range4    
,keep the poetic elements of the story  
prominent1 as in most of the examples   
following4   ,,suggestions          ,for
 the soundest and most illuminating     
discussion of the values and proper use 
of         myths in education see       
,edward ,howard ,griggs1         ,moral 
,education1 chap1 xxi1 ,the ,ethical    
,value of ,mythology and ,folk-,lore4   
,for some         good suggestions and  
lists consult ,ezra ,allen1         ,the
 ,pedagogy of ,myth in the ,grades1     
,pedagogical ,seminary1 ,vol4 ,,viii1 p4
 #beh4 ,a         very interesting plan 
for the use of myths may         be     
found in two articles by ,o4 ,o4        
,norris1         ,myths and the         
,teaching of ,myths1 ,the               
,american ,schoolmaster1 ,vol4 ,,ix1 p4 
#if and p4         #ade4 ,consult also  
,mac,clintock1 ,literature in           
the ,elementary ,school1 chap1 vii1 and 
,mc,murry1         ,special ,method in  
,reading1 pp4 #ib-aje4          ,the    

first nine myths in this section came   
originally from ,greek mythology4 ,the  
,romans         adopted the mythology of
 the ,greeks1 but         changed the   
names of the gods4 ,english-speaking    
peoples have usually used these ,latin  
versions4         ,hence in the         
following ,greek myths the ,roman       
names of the gods are used4 ,in this    
note the         ,greek name is usually 
given in parenthesis         after the  
,roman4          ,according to          
mythology1 ,saturn once ruled the       
universe4 ,after a great war he was     
overthrown         and the universe was 
divided into three         kingdoms1    
each governed by one of his sons4       
,jupiter 7,zeus7 ruled the heavens and  
the earth2         ,neptune 7,poseidon7 
ruled the sea2 and ,pluto         7,dis7
 ruled ,hades1 or ,tartarus1 the gloomy 
region of the dead in a cavern far under
 the         surface of the earth4 ,the 
home of ,jupiter and         the many   
other gods of heaven was represented    

as being the top of ,mount ,olympus1 in 
,thessaly4         ,here each of the    
gods of heaven had a separate           
dwelling1 but all assembled at times in 
the         palace of ,jupiter4         
,sometimes these gods went to           
earth1 through a gate of clouds kept by 
goddesses called the ,seasons4          
,the relations between these divinities 
were         much like those between    
people on earth4 ,some         had      
greater power than others1 and rivalries
         and quarrels frequently arose4 
,jupiter1 the         supreme ruler1    
governed by wisdom as well as by        
the power of his thunderbolt4 ,he had   
three         sisters3 ,juno1 ,vesta1   
and ,ceres4 ,juno 7,hera7         was   
the wife of ,jupiter and the noblest of 
the         goddesses4 ,vesta 7,hestia71
 the goddess of         health1 was not 
married4 ,ceres 7,demeter71 the         
goddess of agriculture1 was the mother  
of         ,proserpine1 who became wife 
of ,pluto and queen         of ,hades4  

,minerva 7,athena71 goddess of wisdom   
and ,jupiter's favorite daughter1 had no
 mother1         as she sprang fully    
armed from ,jupiter's head4             
,venus 7,aphrodite7 was goddess of      
beauty and         mother of ,cupid1 god
 of love4 ,two other         goddesses  
were ,diana 7,artemis71 modest virgin   
goddess of the moon1 who protects brute 
creation1 and ,hebe1 cup-bearer to the  
gods4         ,among the greatest of the
 gods were three sons         of        
,jupiter3 ,apollo1 ,mars1 and ,vulcan4  
,apollo1         or ,phoebus1 was god of
 the sun and patron of         music1   
archery1 and prophecy4 ,mars 7,ares7 was
         god of war1 and ,vulcan        
7,hephaestus71 the lame         god of  
fire1 was the blacksmith of the gods4   
#bee          ,this version of the myth 
of ,ceres and         ,proserpine is    
taken by permission of the author       
and the publishers from ,stories of     
,long ,ago1         by ,grace ,h4       
,kupfer4 7,copyright4 ,d4 ,c4 ,heath    

,co41 ,boston47 ,of all the beautiful   
fictions of         ,greek mythology1   
said ,aubrey ,de,vere1 there         are
 few more exquisite than the story of   
,proserpine1 and none deeper in         
symbolical         meaning4 ,that       
portion of its meaning fitted to        
the understanding of children is        
indicated in         the final          
paragraphs of ,miss ,kupfer's version4  
,teachers should realize that the fable 
has1         however1 its moral         
significance also1 being                
connected with that great mystery of    
,joy and         ,grief1 of ,life and of
 ,death1 which pressed so               
heavily on the mind of ,pagan ,greece1  
and         imparts to the whole of her 
mythology a         profound interest1  
spiritual as well as                    
philosophical4 ,it was the restoration  
of ,man1         not of flowers1 the    
victory over ,death1 not         over   
,winter1 with which that high           
,intelligence         felt itself to be 

really concerned4         ,hawthorne's  
version of this story appears in        
,tanglewood ,tales as ,the ,pomegranate 
,seeds4   ,a ,,story ,,of ,,the         
,,springtime  ,,grace ,h4 ,,kupfer      
,,part ,i  ,in the blue ,mediterranean  
,sea1 which washes the southern shore of
 ,europe1 lies the beautiful island of  
,sicily4 ,long1 long ago1 there lived on
 this island a goddess named ,ceres4    
,she had power to make the earth yield  
plentiful crops of grain1 or to leave it
 barren2 and on her depended the food1  
and therefore the life of all the people
 on the great1 wide earth4  ,ceres had  
one fair young daughter1 whom she loved 
very dearly4 ,and no wonder1 for        
,proserpine was the sunniest1 happiest  
girl you could imagine4  ,her face was  
all white and pink1 like apple blossoms 
in spring1 and there was just enough    
blue in her eyes to give you a glimpse  
of an ,april morning sky4 ,her long1    
golden curls reminded you of the bright 
sunlight4 ,in fact there was something  

so young and fair and tender about the  
maiden that if you could imagine        
anything so strange as the whole        
springtime1 with all its loveliness1    
changed into a human being1 you would   
have looked but an instant at           
,proserpine and said1 ,she is the       
,spring4  ,proserpine spent the long1   
happy days in the fields1 helping her   
mother1 or dancing and singing among the
 flowers1 with her young companions4    
,way down under the earth1 in the land  
of the dead1 lived dark ,king ,pluto2   
and the days were very lonely for him   
with only shadows to talk to4 ,often and
 often1 he had tried to urge some       
goddess to come and share his gloomy    
throne2 but not the richest jewels or   
wealth could tempt any one of them to   
leave the bright sunlight above and     
dwell in the land of shades4  ,one day  
,pluto came up to earth and was driving 
along in his swift chariot1 when1 behind
 some bushes1 he heard such merry voices
 and musical laughter that he drew rein1

 and stepping down1 parted the bushes to
 see who was on the other side4 ,there  
he saw ,proserpine standing in the      
center of a ring of laughing young girls
 who were pelting her with flowers4     
,the stern old king felt his heart beat 
quicker at sight of all these lovely    
maidens1 and he singled out ,proserpine1
 and said to himself1 ,she shall be my  
queen4 ,that fair face can make even    
dark ,hades light and beautiful4 ,but he
 knew it would be useless to ask the    
girl for her consent2 so1 with a bold   
stride1 he stepped into the midst of the
 happy circle4  ,the young girls1       
frightened at his dark1 stern face1 fled
 to right and left4 ,but ,pluto grasped 
,proserpine by the arm and carried her  
to his chariot1 and then the horses flew
 along the ground1 leaving ,proserpine's
 startled companions far behind4  ,king 
,pluto knew that he must hasten away    
with his prize1 lest ,ceres should      
discover her loss2 and to keep out of   
her path1 he drove his chariot a        

roundabout way4 ,he came to a river2 but
 as he neared its banks1 it suddenly    
began to bubble and swell and rage1 so  
that ,pluto did not dare to drive       
through its waters4 ,to go back another 
way would mean great loss of time2 so   
with his scepter he struck the ground   
thrice4 ,it opened1 and1 in an instant1 
horses1 chariot1 and all1 plunged into  
the darkness below4  ,but ,proserpine   
knew that the nymph of the stream had   
recognized her1 and had tried to save   
her by making the waters of the stream  
rise4 ,so1 just as the ground was       
closing over her1 the girl seized her   
girdle and threw it far out into the    
river4 ,she hoped that in some way the  
girdle might reach ,ceres and help her  
to find her lost daughter4   ,,part ,,ii
  ,in the evening ,ceres returned to her
 home2 but her daughter1 who usually    
came running to meet her1 was nowhere to
 be seen4 ,ceres searched for her in all
 the rooms1 but they were empty4 ,then  
she lighted a great torch from the fires

 of a volcano1 and went wandering among 
the fields1 looking for her child4 ,when
 morning broke1 and she had found no    
trace of ,proserpine1 her grief was     
terrible to see4  ,on that sad day1     
,ceres began a long1 long wandering4    
,over land and sea she journeyed1       
bearing in her right hand the torch     
which had been kindled in the fiery     
volcano4  ,all her duties were          
neglected1 and everywhere the crops     
failed1 and the ground was barren and   
dry4 ,want and famine took the place of 
wealth and plenty throughout the world4 
,it seemed as though the great earth    
grieved with the mother for the loss of 
beautiful ,proserpine4  ,when the       
starving people came to ,ceres and      
begged her to resume her duties and to  
be their friend again1 ,ceres lifted her
 great eyes1 wearied with endless       
seeking1 and answered that until        
,proserpine was found1 she could think  
only of her child1 and could not care   
for the neglected earth4 ,so all the    

people cried aloud to ,jupiter that he  
should bring ,proserpine back to her    
mother1 for they were sadly in need of  
great ,ceres' help4  ,at last1 after    
wandering over all the earth in her     
fruitless search1 ,ceres returned to    
,sicily4 ,one day1 as she was passing a 
river1 suddenly a little swell of water 
carried something to her feet4 ,stooping
 to see what it was1 she picked up the  
girdle which ,proserpine had long ago   
thrown to the water nymph4  ,while she  
was looking at it1 with tears in her    
eyes1 she heard a fountain near her     
bubbling louder and louder1 until at    
last it seemed to speak4 ,and this is   
what it said3  ,i am the nymph of the   
fountain1 and ,i come from the inmost   
parts of the earth1 ,o ,ceres1 great    
mother6 ,there ,i saw your daughter     
seated on a throne at the dark king's   
side4 ,but in spite of her splendor1 her
 cheeks were pale and her eyes were     
heavy with weeping4 ,i can stay no      
longer now1 ,o ,ceres1 for ,i must leap 

into the sunshine4 ,the bright sky calls
 me1 and ,i must hasten away4  ,then    
,ceres arose and went to ,jupiter and   
said1 ,i have found the place where my  
daughter is hidden4 ,give her back to   
me1 and the earth shall once more be    
fruitful1 and the people shall have     
food4  ,jupiter was moved1 both by the  
mother's sorrow and by the prayers of   
the people on earth2 and he said that   
,proserpine might return to her home if 
she had tasted no food while in ,pluto's
 kingdom4  ,so the happy mother hastened
 down into ,hades4 ,but alas6 that very 
day ,proserpine had eaten six           
pomegranate seeds2 and for every one of 
those seeds she was doomed each year to 
spend a month underground4  ,for six    
months of the year ,ceres is happy with 
her daughter4 ,at ,proserpine's coming1 
flowers bloom and birds sing and the    
earth everywhere smiles its welcome to  
its young queen4  ,some people say that 
,proserpine really is the springtime1   
and that while she is with us all the   

earth seems fair and beautiful4 ,but    
when the time comes for ,proserpine to  
rejoin ,king ,pluto in his dark home    
underground1 ,ceres hides herself and   
grieves through all the weary months    
until her daughter's return4  ,then the 
earth1 too1 is somber and sad4 ,the     
leaves fall to the ground1 as though the
 trees were weeping for the loss of the 
fair1 young queen2 and the flowers hide 
underground1 until the eager step of the
 maiden1 returning to earth1 awakens all
 nature from its winter sleep4    #bef  
,because of his beautiful idealism and  
the         artistic nature of his work1
 ,hawthorne         7#ahjd-ahfd7 is one 
of ,america's most loved                
story-tellers4 ,his stories are never   
idle         tales1 for each one reveals
 secret motives and         impulses    
that determine human action4 ,this      
characteristic makes his works wholesome
 and         inspiring for both children
 and adults4 ,four         volumes of   
his short stories1 intended             

primarily for children1 are classics for
 the         upper grades4              
,grandfather's ,chair is a group        
of stories about life in ,new ,england  
in early         times4 ,true ,stories  
from ,history and         ,biography    
makes the child acquainted with such    
historical characters as ,franklin and  
,newton4         ,a ,wonder-,book for   
,girls and ,boys and         ,tanglewood
 ,tales are ,hawthorne's versions of    
old ,greek myths4          ,in his two  
volumes of ,greek myths1 ,hawthorne     
does not hold to the plot or style of   
the         original stories2 but here1 
as in all his work1         he shows how
 incidents in life determine human      
character4 ,the following quotation from
 the         ,preface to ,a             
,wonder-,book for ,girls and ,boys      
explains in ,hawthorne's own words the  
nature of         his version of the    
myths3 ,he the author does         not  
plead guilty to a sacrilege in having   
sometimes shaped anew1 as his fancy     

dictated1         the forms that have   
been hallowed by an         antiquity of
 two or three thousand years4 ,no       
epoch of time can claim a copyright in  
these         immortal fables4 ,they    
seem never to have been         made2   
and certainly1 so long as man exists1   
they can never perish2 but1 by their    
indestructibility itself1 they are      
legitimate         subjects for every   
age to clothe with its own              
garniture of manners and sentiment1 and 
to         imbue with its own morality4 
,the story ,the ,paradise of ,children1 
taken         from ,a ,wonder-,book for 
,girls and ,boys1 is                    
,hawthorne's version of the ,greek myth 
of         ,pandora's ,box1 which is an 
attempt to explain         how pain and 
suffering came to humanity4             
,according to the ,greek myth1 ,jupiter 
was angry         when he learned that  
,prometheus1 one of the         ,titans1
 had given men fire stolen from heaven4 
,that men might not have this blessing  

without         an affliction to        
compensate1 the gods filled a           
box with ills1 but put ,hope also in the
 box4         ,then1 fearing that       
neither ,prometheus nor his             
brother ,epimetheus would open the box1 
they         created ,pandora4 ,mercury1
 the messenger of         ,jupiter1     
carried ,pandora and the box as a gift  
to ,epimetheus1 and the curiosity of    
,pandora led         her to open the    
box4   ,,the ,,paradise ,,of ,,children 
,,nathaniel ,,hawthorne  ,long1 long    
ago1 when this old world was in its     
tender infancy1 there was a child named 
,epimetheus1 who never had either father
 or mother2 and1 that he might not be   
lonely1 another child1 fatherless and   
motherless like himself1 was sent from a
 far country to live with him and be his
 playfellow and helpmate4 ,her name was 
,pandora4  ,the first thing that        
,pandora saw1 when she entered the      
cottage where ,epimetheus dwelt1 was a  
great box4 ,and almost the first        

question which she put to him1 after    
crossing the threshold1 was this1--     
,epimetheus1 what have you in that box8 
,my dear little ,pandora1 answered      
,epimetheus1 that is a secret1 and you  
must be kind enough not to ask any      
questions about it4 ,the box was left   
here to be kept safely1 and ,i do not   
myself know what it contains4  ,but who 
gave it to you8 asked ,pandora4 ,and    
where did it come from8  ,that is a     
secret1 too1 replied ,epimetheus4  ,how 
provoking6 exclaimed ,pandora1 pouting  
her lip4 ,i wish the great1 ugly box    
were out of the way6  ,oh1 come1 don't  
think of it any more1 cried ,epimetheus4
 ,let us run out of doors1 and have some
 nice play with the other children4  ,it
 is thousands of years since ,epimetheus
 and ,pandora were alive2 and the world1
 nowadays1 is a very different sort of  
thing from what it was in their time4   
,then1 everybody was a child4 ,there    
needed no fathers and mothers to take   
care of the children2 because there was 

no danger1 nor trouble of any kind1 and 
no clothes to be mended1 and there was  
always plenty to eat and drink4         
,whenever a child wanted his dinner1 he 
found it growing on a tree2 and1 if he  
looked at the tree in the morning1 he   
could see the expanding blossom of that 
night's supper2 or1 at eventide1 he saw 
the tender bud of to-morrow's breakfast4
 ,it was a very pleasant life1 indeed4  
,no labor to be done1 no tasks to be    
studied2 nothing but sports and dances1 
and sweet voices of children talking1 or
 caroling like birds1 or gushing out in 
merry laughter1 throughout the livelong 
day4  ,what was most wonderful of all1  
the children never quarreled among      
themselves2 neither had they any crying 
fits2 nor1 since time first began1 had a
 single one of these little mortals ever
 gone apart into a corner1 and sulked4  
,oh1 what a good time was that to be    
alive in6 ,the truth is1 those ugly     
little winged monsters1 called          
,troubles1 which are now almost as      

numerous as mosquitoes1 had never yet   
been seen on the earth4 ,it is probable 
that the very greatest disquietude which
 a child had ever experienced was       
,pandora's vexation at not being able to
 discover the secret of the mysterious  
box4  ,this was at first only the faint 
shadow of a ,trouble2 but1 every day1 it
 grew more and more substantial1 until1 
before a great while1 the cottage of    
,epimetheus and ,pandora was less       
sunshiny than those of the other        
children4  ,whence can the box have     
come8 ,pandora continually kept saying  
to herself and to ,epimetheus4 ,and what
 in the world can be inside of it6      
,always talking about this box6 said    
,epimetheus1 at last2 for he had grown  
extremely tired of the subject4 ,i wish1
 dear ,pandora1 you would try to talk of
 something else4 ,come1 let us go and   
gather some ripe figs1 and eat them     
under the trees1 for our supper4 ,and ,i
 know a vine that has the sweetest and  
juiciest grapes you ever tasted4        

,always talking about grapes and figs6  
cried ,pandora1 pettishly4  ,well1 then1
 said ,epimetheus1 who was a very       
good-tempered child1 like a multitude of
 children in those days1 let us run out 
and have a merry time with our          
playmates4  ,i am tired of merry times1 
and don't care if ,i never have any     
more6 answered our pettish little       
,pandora4 ,and1 besides1 ,i never do    
have any4 ,this ugly box6 ,i am so taken
 up with thinking about it all the time4
 ,i insist upon your telling me what is 
inside of it4  ,as ,i have already said1
 fifty times over1 ,i do not know6      
replied ,epimetheus1 getting a little   
vexed4 ,how1 then1 can ,i tell you what 
is inside8  ,you might open it1 said    
,pandora1 looking sideways at           
,epimetheus1 and then we could see for  
ourselves4  ,pandora1 what are you      
thinking of8 exclaimed ,epimetheus4     
,and his face expressed so much horror  
at the idea of looking into a box which 
had been confided to him on the         

condition of his never opening it1 that 
,pandora thought it best not to suggest 
it any more4 ,still1 however1 she could 
not help thinking and talking about the 
box4  ,at least1 said she1 you can tell 
me how it came here4  ,it was left at   
the door1 replied ,epimetheus1 just     
before you came1 by a person who looked 
very smiling and intelligent1 and who   
could hardly forbear laughing as he put 
it down4 ,he was dressed in an odd kind 
of a cloak1 and had on a cap that seemed
 to be made partly of feathers1 so that 
it looked almost as if it had wings4    
,what sort of a staff had he8 asked     
,pandora4  ,oh1 the most curious staff  
you ever saw6 cried ,epimetheus4 ,it was
 like two serpents twisting around a    
stick1 and was carved so naturally that 
,i1 at first1 thought the serpents were 
alive4  ,i know him1 said ,pandora1     
thoughtfully4 ,nobody else has such a   
staff4 ,it was ,quicksilver2 and he     
brought me hither1 as well as the box4  
,no doubt he intended it for me2 and1   

most probably1 it contains pretty       
dresses for me to wear1 or toys for you 
and me to play with1 or something very  
nice for us both to eat6  ,perhaps so1  
answered ,epimetheus1 turning away4 ,but
 until ,quicksilver comes back and tells
 us so1 we have neither of us any right 
to lift the lid of the box4  ,what a    
dull boy he is6 muttered ,pandora1 as   
,epimetheus left the cottage4 ,i do wish
 he had a little more enterprise6  ,for 
the first time since her arrival1       
,epimetheus had gone out without asking 
,pandora to accompany him4 ,he went to  
gather figs and grapes by himself1 or to
 seek whatever amusement he could find1 
in other society than his little        
playfellow's4 ,he was tired to death of 
hearing about the box1 and heartily     
wished that ,quicksilver1 or whatever   
was the messenger's name1 had left it at
 some other child's door1 where ,pandora
 would never have set eyes on it4 ,so   
perseveringly as she did babble about   
this one thing6 ,the box1 the box1 and  

nothing but the box6 ,it seemed as if   
the box were bewitched1 and as if the   
cottage were not big enough to hold it1 
without ,pandora's continually stumbling
 over it1 and making ,epimetheus stumble
 over it likewise1 and bruising all four
 of their shins4  ,well1 it was really  
hard that poor ,epimetheus should have a
 box in his ears from morning till      
night2 especially as the little people  
of the earth were so unaccustomed to    
vexations1 in those happy days1 that    
they knew not how to deal with them4    
,thus1 a small vexation made as much    
disturbance1 then1 as a far bigger one  
would in our own times4  ,after         
,epimetheus was gone1 ,pandora stood    
gazing at the box4 ,she had called it   
ugly1 above a hundred times2 but1 in    
spite of all that she had said against  
it1 it was positively a very handsome   
article of furniture1 and would have    
been quite an ornament to any room in   
which it should be placed4 ,it was made 
of a beautiful kind of wood1 with dark  

and rich veins spreading over its       
surface1 which was so highly polished   
that little ,pandora could see her face 
in it4 ,as the child had no other       
looking-glass1 it is odd that she did   
not value the box1 merely on this       
account4  ,the edges and corners of the 
box were carved with most wonderful     
skill4 ,around the margin there were    
figures of graceful men and women1 and  
the prettiest children ever seen1       
reclining or sporting amid a profusion  
of flowers and foliage2 and these       
various objects were so exquisitely     
represented1 and were wrought together  
in such harmony1 that flowers1 foliage1 
and human beings seemed to combine into 
a wreath of mingled beauty4 ,but here   
and there1 peeping forth from behind the
 carved foliage1 ,pandora once or twice 
fancied that she saw a face not so      
lovely1 or something or other that was  
disagreeable1 and which stole the beauty
 out of all the rest4 ,nevertheless1 on 
looking more closely1 and touching the  

spot with her finger1 she could discover
 nothing of the kind4 ,some face1 that  
was really beautiful1 had been made to  
look ugly by her catching a sideway     
glimpse at it4  ,the most beautiful face
 of all was done in what is called high 
relief1 in the center of the lid4 ,there
 was nothing else1 save the dark1 smooth
 richness of the polished wood1 and this
 one face in the center1 with a garland 
of flowers about its brow4 ,pandora had 
looked at this face a great many times1 
and imagined that the mouth could smile 
if it liked1 or be grave when it chose1 
the same as any living mouth4 ,the      
features1 indeed1 all wore a very lively
 and rather mischievous expression1     
which looked almost as if it needs must 
burst out of the carved lips1 and utter 
itself in words4  ,had the mouth spoken1
 it would probably have been something  
like this3  ,do not be afraid1 ,pandora6
 ,what harm can there be in opening the 
box8 ,never mind that poor1 simple      
,epimetheus6 ,you are wiser than he1 and

 have ten times as much spirit4 ,open   
the box1 and see if you do not find     
something very pretty6  ,the box1 ,i had
 almost forgotten to say1 was fastened2 
not by a lock1 nor by any other such    
contrivance1 but by a very intricate    
knot of gold cord4 ,there appeared to be
 no end to this knot1 and no beginning4 
,never was a knot so cunningly twisted1 
nor with so many ins and outs1 which    
roguishly defied the skilfullest fingers
 to disentangle them4 ,and yet1 by the  
very difficulty that there was in it1   
,pandora was the more tempted to examine
 the knot1 and just see how it was made4
 ,two or three times1 already1 she had  
stooped over the box1 and taken the knot
 between her thumb and forefinger1 but  
without positively trying to undo it4   
,i really believe1 said she to herself1 
that ,i begin to see how it was done4   
,nay1 perhaps ,i could tie it up again1 
after undoing it4 ,there would be no    
harm in that1 surely4 ,even ,epimetheus 
would not blame me for that4 ,i need not

 open the box1 and should not1 of       
course1 without the foolish boy's       
consent1 even if the knot were untied4  
,it might have been better for ,pandora 
if she had had a little work to do1 or  
anything to employ her mind upon1 so as 
not to be so constantly thinking of this
 one subject4 ,but children led so easy 
a life1 before any ,troubles came into  
the world1 that they had really a great 
deal too much leisure4 ,they could not  
be forever playing at hide-and-seek     
among the flower-shrubs1 or at          
blind-man's-buff with garlands over     
their eyes1 or at whatever other games  
had been found out while ,mother ,earth 
was in her babyhood4 ,when life is all  
sport1 toil is the real play4 ,there was
 absolutely nothing to do4 ,a little    
sweeping and dusting about the cottage1 
,i suppose1 and the gathering of fresh  
flowers 7which were only too abundant   
everywhere71 and arranging them in      
vases1--and poor little ,pandora's day's
 work was over4 ,and then1 for the rest 

of the day1 there was the box6  ,after  
all1 ,i am not quite sure that the box  
was not a blessing to her in its way4   
,it supplied her with such a variety of 
ideas to think of1 and to talk about1   
whenever she had anybody to listen6     
,when she was in good humor1 she could  
admire the bright polish of its sides1  
and the rich border of beautiful faces  
and foliage that ran all around it4 ,or1
 if she chanced to be ill-tempered1 she 
could give it a push1 or kick it with   
her naughty little foot4 ,and many a    
kick did the box--7but it was a         
mischievous box1 as we shall see1 and   
deserved all it got7--many a kick did it
 receive4 ,but1 certain it is1 if it had
 not been for the box1 our active-minded
 little ,pandora would not have known   
half so well how to spend her time as   
she now did4  ,for it was really an     
endless employment to guess what was    
inside4 ,what could it be1 indeed8 ,just
 imagine1 my little hearers1 how busy   
your wits would be1 if there were a     

great box in the house1 which1 as you   
might have reason to suppose1 contained 
something new and pretty for your       
,christmas or ,new-,year's gifts4 ,do   
you think that you should be less       
curious than ,pandora8 ,if you were     
alone with the box1 might you not feel a
 little tempted to lift the lid8 ,but   
you would not do it4 ,oh1 fie6 ,no1 no6 
,only1 if you thought there were toys in
 it1 it would be so very hard to let    
slip an opportunity of taking just one  
peep6 ,i know not whether ,pandora      
expected any toys2 for none had yet     
begun to be made1 probably1 in those    
days1 when the world itself was one     
great plaything for the children that   
dwelt upon it4 ,but ,pandora was        
convinced that there was something very 
beautiful and valuable in the box2 and  
therefore she felt just as anxious to   
take a peep as any of these girls1 here 
around me1 would have felt4 ,and1       
possibly1 a little more so2 but of that 
,i am not quite so certain4  ,on this   

particular day1 however1 which we have  
so long been talking about1 her         
curiosity grew so much greater than it  
usually was1 that1 at last1 she         
approached the box4 ,she was more than  
half determined to open it1 if she      
could4 ,ah1 naughty ,pandora6  ,first1  
however1 she tried to lift it4 ,it was  
heavy2 quite too heavy for the slender  
strength of a child1 like ,pandora4 ,she
 raised one end of the box a few inches 
from the floor1 and let it fall again1  
with a pretty loud thump4 ,a moment     
afterwards1 she almost fancied that she 
heard something stir1 inside of the box4
 ,she applied her ear as closely as     
possible1 and listened4 ,positively1    
there did seem to be a kind of stifled  
murmur1 within6 ,or was it merely the   
singing in ,pandora's ears8 ,or could it
 be the beating of her heart8 ,the child
 could not quite satisfy herself whether
 she had heard anything or no4 ,but1 at 
all events1 her curiosity was stronger  
than ever4  ,as she drew back her head1 

her eyes fell upon the knot of gold     
cord4  ,it must have been a very        
ingenious person who tied this knot1    
said ,pandora to herself4 ,but ,i think 
,i could untie it1 nevertheless4 ,i am  
resolved1 at least1 to find the two ends
 of the cord4  ,so she took the golden  
knot in her fingers1 and pried into its 
intricacies as sharply as she could4    
,almost without intending it1 or quite  
knowing what she was about1 she was soon
 busily engaged in attempting to undo   
it4 ,meanwhile1 the bright sunshine came
 through the open window2 as did        
likewise the merry voices of the        
children1 playing at a distance1 and    
perhaps the voice of ,epimetheus among  
them4 ,pandora stopped to listen4 ,what 
a beautiful day it was6 ,would it not be
 wiser if she were to let the           
troublesome knot alone1 and think no    
more about the box1 but run and join her
 little playfellows1 and be happy8  ,all
 this time1 however1 her fingers were   
half unconsciously busy with the knot2  

and1 happening to glance at the         
flower-wreathed face on the lid of the  
enchanted box1 she seemed to perceive it
 slyly grinning at her4  ,that face     
looks very mischievous1 thought         
,pandora4 ,i wonder whether it smiles   
because ,i am doing wrong6 ,i have the  
greatest mind in the world to run away6 
,but just then1 by the merest accident1 
she gave the knot a kind of a twist1    
which produced a wonderful result4 ,the 
gold cord untwined itself1 as if by     
magic1 and left the box without a       
fastening4  ,this is the strangest thing
 ,i ever knew6 said ,pandora4 ,what will
 ,epimetheus say8 ,and how can ,i       
possibly tie it up again8  ,she made one
 or two attempts to restore the knot1   
but soon found it quite beyond her      
skill4 ,it had disentangled itself so   
suddenly that she could not in the least
 remember how the strings had been      
doubled into one another2 and when she  
tried to recollect the shape and        
appearance of the knot1 it seemed to    

have gone entirely out of her mind4     
,nothing was to be done1 therefore1 but 
let the box remain as it was1 until     
,epimetheus should come in4  ,but1 said 
,pandora1 when he finds the knot untied1
 he will know that ,i have done it4 ,how
 shall ,i make him believe that ,i have 
not looked into the box8  ,and then the 
thought came into her naughty little    
heart1 that1 since she would be         
suspected of having looked into the box1
 she might just as well do so1 at once4 
,oh1 very naughty and very foolish      
,pandora6 ,you should have thought only 
of doing what was right1 and of leaving 
undone what was wrong1 and not of what  
your playfellow ,epimetheus would have  
said or believed4 ,and so perhaps she   
might1 if the enchanted face on the lid 
of the box had not looked so            
bewitchingly persuasive at her1 and if  
she had not seemed to hear1 more        
distinctly than before1 the murmur of   
small voices within4 ,she could not tell
 whether it was fancy or no2 but there  

was quite a little tumult of whispers in
 her ear1--or else it was her curiosity 
that whispered3  ,let us out1 dear      
,pandora1--pray let us out6 ,we will be 
such nice pretty playfellows for you6   
,only let us out6  ,what can it be8     
thought ,pandora4 ,is there something   
alive in the box8 ,well6--yes6--,i am   
resolved to take just one peep6 ,only   
one peep2 and then the lid shall be shut
 down as safely as ever6 ,there cannot  
possibly be any harm in just one little 
peep6  ,but it is now time for us to see
 what ,epimetheus was doing4  ,this was 
the first time1 since his little        
playmate had come to dwell with him1    
that he had attempted to enjoy any      
pleasure in which she did not partake4  
,but nothing went right2 nor was he     
nearly so happy as on other days4 ,he   
could not find a sweet grape or a ripe  
fig 7if ,epimetheus had a fault1 it was 
a little too much fondness for figs72   
or1 if ripe at all1 they were over-ripe1
 and so sweet as to be cloying4 ,there  

was no mirth in his heart1 such as      
usually made his voice gush out1 of its 
own accord1 and swell the merriment of  
his companions4 ,in short1 he grew so   
uneasy and discontented1 that the other 
children could not imagine what was the 
matter with ,epimetheus4 ,neither did he
 himself know what ailed him1 any better
 than they did4 ,for you must recollect 
that at the time we are speaking of1 it 
was everybody's nature1 and constant    
habit1 to be happy4 ,the world had not  
yet learned to be otherwise4 ,not a     
single soul or body1 since these        
children were first sent to enjoy       
themselves on the beautiful earth1 had  
ever been sick1 or out of sorts4  ,at   
length1 discovering that1 somehow or    
other1 he put a stop to all the play1   
,epimetheus judged it best to go back to
 ,pandora1 who was in a humor better    
suited to his own4 ,but1 with a hope of 
giving her pleasure1 he gathered some   
flowers1 and made them into a wreath1   
which he meant to put upon her head4    

,the flowers were very lovely1--roses1  
and lilies1 and orange-blossoms1 and a  
great many more1 which left a trail of  
fragrance behind1 as ,epimetheus carried
 them along2 and the wreath was put     
together with as much skill as could    
reasonably be expected of a boy4 ,the   
fingers of little girls1 it has always  
appeared to me1 are the fittest to twine
 flower-wreaths2 but boys could do it1  
in those days1 rather better than they  
can now4  ,and here ,i must mention that
 a great black cloud had been gathering 
in the sky1 for some time past1 although
 it had not yet overspread the sun4     
,but1 just as ,epimetheus reached the   
cottage door1 this cloud began to       
intercept the sunshine1 and thus to make
 a sudden and sad obscurity4  ,he       
entered softly2 for he meant1 if        
possible1 to steal behind ,pandora1 and 
fling the wreath of flowers over her    
head1 before she should be aware of his 
approach4 ,but1 as it happened1 there   
was no need of his treading so very     

lightly4 ,he might have trod as heavily 
as he pleased1--as heavily as a grown   
man1--as heavily1 ,i was going to say1  
as an elephant1--without much           
probability of ,pandora's hearing his   
footsteps4 ,she was too intent upon her 
purpose4 ,at the moment of his entering 
the cottage1 the naughty child had put  
her hand to the lid1 and was on the     
point of opening the mysterious box4    
,epimetheus beheld her4 ,if he had cried
 out1 ,pandora would probably have      
withdrawn her hand1 and the fatal       
mystery of the box might never have been
 known4  ,but ,epimetheus himself1      
although he said very little about it1  
had his own share of curiosity to know  
what was inside4 ,perceiving that       
,pandora was resolved to find out the   
secret1 he determined that his          
playfellow should not be the only wise  
person in the cottage4 ,and if there    
were anything pretty or valuable in the 
box1 he meant to take half of it to     
himself4 ,thus1 after all his sage      

speeches to ,pandora about restraining  
her curiosity1 ,epimetheus turned out to
 be quite as foolish1 and nearly as much
 in fault1 as she4 ,so1 whenever we     
blame ,pandora for what happened1 we    
must not forget to shake our heads at   
,epimetheus likewise4  ,as ,pandora     
raised the lid1 the cottage grew very   
dark and dismal2 for the black cloud had
 now swept quite over the sun1 and      
seemed to have buried it alive4 ,there  
had1 for a little while past1 been a low
 growling and muttering1 which all at   
once broke into a heavy peal of thunder4
 ,but ,pandora1 heeding nothing of all  
this1 lifted the lid nearly upright1 and
 looked inside4 ,it seemed as if a      
sudden swarm of winged creatures brushed
 past her1 taking flight out of the box1
 while1 at the same instant1 she heard  
the voice of ,epimetheus1 with a        
lamentable tone1 as if he were in pain4 
,oh1 ,i am stung6 cried he4 ,i am stung6
 ,naughty ,pandora2 why have you opened 
this wicked box8  ,pandora let fall the 

lid1 and1 starting up1 looked about her1
 to see what had befallen ,epimetheus4  
,the thunder-cloud had so darkened the  
room that she could not very clearly    
discern what was in it4 ,but she heard a
 disagreeable buzzing1 as if a great    
many huge flies1 or gigantic mosquitoes1
 or those insects which we call dor-bugs
 and pinching-dogs1 were darting about4 
,and1 as her eyes grew more accustomed  
to the imperfect light1 she saw a crowd 
of ugly little shapes1 with bats' wings1
 looking abominably spiteful1 and armed 
with terribly long stings in their      
tails4 ,it was one of these that had    
stung ,epimetheus4 ,nor was it a great  
while before ,pandora herself began to  
scream1 in no less pain and affright    
than her playfellow1 and making a vast  
deal more hubbub about it4 ,an odious   
little monster had settled on her       
forehead1 and would have stung her ,i   
know not how deeply1 if ,epimetheus had 
not run and brushed it away4  ,now1 if  
you wish to know what these ugly things 

might be1 which had made their escape   
out of the box1 ,i must tell you that   
they were the whole family of earthly   
,troubles4 ,there were evil ,passions2  
there were a great many species of      
,cares2 there were more than a hundred  
and fifty ,sorrows2 there were          
,diseases1 in a vast number of miserable
 and painful shapes2 there were more    
kinds of ,naughtiness than it would be  
of any use to talk about4 ,in short1    
everything that has since afflicted the 
souls and bodies of mankind had been    
shut up in the mysterious box1 and given
 to ,epimetheus and ,pandora to be kept 
safely1 in order that the happy children
 of the world might never be molested by
 them4 ,had they been faithful to their 
trust1 all would have gone well4 ,no    
grown person would ever have been sad1  
nor any child have had cause to shed a  
single tear1 from that hour until this  
moment4  ,but--and you may see by this  
how a wrong act of any one mortal is a  
calamity to the whole world--by         

,pandora's lifting the lid of that      
miserable box1 and by the fault of      
,epimetheus1 too1 in not preventing her1
 these ,troubles have obtained a        
foothold among us1 and do not seem very 
likely to be driven away in a hurry4    
,for it was impossible1 as you will     
easily guess1 that the two children     
should keep the ugly swarm in their own 
little cottage4 ,on the contrary1 the   
first thing that they did was to fling  
open the doors and windows1 in hopes of 
getting rid of them2 and1 sure enough1  
away flew the winged ,troubles all      
abroad1 and so pestered and tormented   
the small people1 everywhere about1 that
 none of them so much as smiled for many
 days afterwards4 ,and what was very    
singular1 all the flowers and dewy      
blossoms on earth1 not one of which had 
hitherto faded1 now began to droop and  
shed their leaves1 after a day or two4  
,the children1 moreover1 who before     
seemed immortal in their childhood1 now 
grew older1 day by day1 and came soon to

 be youths and maidens1 and men and     
women by and by1 and aged people1 before
 they dreamed of such a thing4          
,meanwhile1 the naughty ,pandora1 and   
hardly less naughty ,epimetheus1        
remained in their cottage4 ,both of them
 had been grievously stung1 and were in 
a good deal of pain1 which seemed the   
more intolerable to them because it was 
the very first pain that had ever been  
felt since the world began4 ,of course1 
they were entirely unaccustomed to it1  
and could have no idea what it meant4   
,besides all this1 they were in         
exceedingly bad humor1 both with        
themselves and with one another4 ,in    
order to indulge it to the utmost1      
,epimetheus sat down sullenly in a      
corner with his back towards ,pandora2  
while ,pandora flung herself upon the   
floor and rested her head on the fatal  
and abominable box4 ,she was crying     
bitterly1 and sobbing as if her heart   
would break4  ,suddenly there was a     
gentle little tap on the inside of the  

lid4  ,what can that be8 cried ,pandora1
 lifting her head4  ,but either         
,epimetheus had not heard the tap1 or   
was too much out of humor to notice it4 
,at any rate1 he made no answer4  ,you  
are very unkind1 said ,pandora1 sobbing 
anew1 not to speak to me6  ,again the   
tap6 ,it sounded like the tiny knuckles 
of a fairy's hand1 knocking lightly and 
playfully on the inside of the box4     
,who are you8 asked ,pandora1 with a    
little of her former curiosity4 ,who are
 you1 inside of this naughty box8  ,a   
sweet little voice spoke from within1   
,only lift the lid1 and you shall see4  
,no1 no1 answered ,pandora1 again       
beginning to sob4 ,i have had enough of 
lifting the lid6 ,you are inside of the 
box1 naughty creature1 and there you    
shall stay6 ,there are plenty of your   
ugly brothers and sisters already flying
 about the world4 ,you need never think 
that ,i shall be so foolish as to let   
you out6  ,she looked towards           
,epimetheus1 as she spoke1 perhaps      

expecting that he would commend her for 
her wisdom4 ,but the sullen boy only    
muttered that she was wise a little too 
late4  ,ah1 said the sweet little voice 
again1 you had much better let me out4  
,i am not like those naughty creatures  
that have stings in their tails4 ,they  
are no brothers and sisters of mine1 as 
you would see at once1 if you were only 
to get a glimpse of me4 ,come1 come1 my 
pretty ,pandora6 ,i am sure you will let
 me out6  ,and1 indeed1 there was a kind
 of cheerful witchery in the tone that  
made it almost impossible to refuse     
anything which this little voice asked4 
,pandora's heart had insensibly grown   
lighter at every word that came from    
within the box4 ,epimetheus1 too1 though
 still in the corner1 had turned half   
round1 and seemed to be in rather better
 spirits than before4  ,my dear         
,epimetheus1 cried ,pandora1 have you   
heard this little voice8  ,yes1 to be   
sure ,i have1 answered he1 but in no    
very good humor as yet4 ,and what of it8

  ,shall ,i lift the lid again8 asked   
,pandora4  ,just as you please1 said    
,epimetheus4 ,you have done so much     
mischief already that perhaps you may as
 well do a little more4 ,one other      
,trouble1 in such a swarm as you have   
let adrift about the world1 can make no 
very great difference4  ,you might speak
 a little more kindly6 murmured         
,pandora1 wiping her eyes4  ,ah1 naughty
 boy6 cried the little voice within the 
box1 in an arch and laughing tone4 ,he  
knows he is longing to see me4 ,come1 my
 dear ,pandora1 lift up the lid4 ,i am  
in a great hurry to comfort you4 ,only  
let me have some fresh air1 and you     
shall soon see that matters are not     
quite so dismal as you think them4      
,epimetheus1 exclaimed ,pandora1 come   
what may1 ,i am resolved to open the    
box4  ,and1 as the lid seems very heavy1
 cried ,epimetheus1 running across the  
room1 ,i will help you6  ,so1 with one  
consent1 the two children again lifted  
the lid4 ,out flew a sunny and smiling  

little personage1 and hovered about the 
room1 throwing a light wherever she     
went4 ,have you never made the sunshine 
dance into the dark corners by          
reflecting it from a bit of             
looking-glass8 ,well1 so looked the     
winged cheerfulness of this fairy-like  
stranger amid the gloom of the cottage4 
,she flew to ,epimetheus1 and laid the  
least touch of her finger on the        
inflamed spot where the ,trouble had    
stung him1 and immediately the anguish  
of it was gone4 ,then she kissed        
,pandora on the forehead1 and her hurt  
was cured likewise4  ,after performing  
these good offices1 the bright stranger 
fluttered sportively over the children's
 heads1 and looked so sweetly at them1  
that they both began to think it not so 
very much amiss to have opened the box1 
since1 otherwise1 their cheery guest    
must have been kept a prisoner among    
those naughty imps with stings in their 
tails4  ,pray1 who are you1 beautiful   
creature8 inquired ,pandora4  ,i am to  

be called ,hope6 answered the sunshiny  
figure4 ,and because ,i am such a cheery
 little body1 ,i was packed into the box
 to make amends to the human race for   
that swarm of ugly ,troubles which was  
destined to be let loose among them4    
,never fear6 we shall do pretty well1 in
 spite of them all4  ,your wings are    
colored like the rainbow6 exclaimed     
,pandora4 ,how very beautiful6  ,yes1   
they are like the rainbow1 said ,hope1  
because1 glad as my nature is1 ,i am    
partly made of tears as well as smiles4 
,and will you stay with us1 asked       
,epimetheus1 forever and ever8  ,as long
 as you need me1 said ,hope1 with her   
pleasant smile1--and that will be as    
long as you live in the world1--,i      
promise never to desert you4 ,there may 
come times and seasons1 now and then1   
when you will think that ,i have utterly
 vanished4 ,but again1 and again1 and   
again1 when perhaps you least dream of  
it1 you shall see the glimmer of my     
wings on the ceiling of your cottage4   

,yes1 my dear children1 and ,i know     
something very good and beautiful that  
is to be given you hereafter6  ,oh1 tell
 us1 they exclaimed--tell us what it is6
  ,do not ask me1 replied ,hope1 putting
 her finger on her rosy mouth4 ,but do  
not despair1 even if it should never    
happen while you live on this earth4    
,trust in my promise1 for it is true4   
,we do trust you6 cried ,epimetheus and 
,pandora1 both in one breath4  ,and so  
they did2 and not only they1 but so has 
everybody trusted ,hope1 that has since 
been alive4 ,and1 to tell you the truth1
 ,i cannot help being glad--7though1 to 
be sure1 it was an uncommonly naughty   
thing for her to do7--but ,i cannot help
 being glad that our foolish ,pandora   
peeped into the box4 ,no doubt--no      
doubt--the ,troubles are still flying   
about the world1 and have increased in  
multitude1 rather than lessened1 and are
 a very ugly set of imps1 and carry most
 venomous stings in their tails4 ,i have
 felt them already1 and expect to feel  

them more as ,i grow older4 ,but then   
that lovely and lightsome little figure 
of ,hope6 ,what in the world could we do
 without her8 ,hope spiritualizes the   
earth2 ,hope makes it always new2 and1  
even in the earth's best and brightest  
aspect1 ,hope shows it to be only the   
shadow of an infinite bliss hereafter6  
#beg          ,the ,miraculous ,pitcher1
 taken from ,a         ,wonder-,book for
 ,girls and ,boys1 is ,hawthorne's      
version of the ,greek myth of ,baucis   
and         ,philemon4 ,the two         
mysterious visitors are         ,jupiter
 and ,mercury1 who1 according to the    
,greek myth1 visited earth in disguise  
and were         entertained by ,baucis 
and ,philemon4   ,,the ,,miraculous     
,,pitcher  ,,nathaniel ,,hawthorne  ,one
 evening1 in times long ago1 old        
,philemon and his old wife ,baucis sat  
at their cottage door1 enjoying the calm
 and beautiful sunset4 ,they had already
 eaten their frugal supper1 and intended
 now to spend a quiet hour or two before

 bedtime4 ,so they talked together about
 their garden and their cow1 and their  
bees1 and their grape-vine1 which       
clambered over the cottage-wall1 and on 
which the grapes were beginning to turn 
purple4 ,but the rude shouts of children
 and the fierce barking of dogs1 in the 
village near at hand1 grew louder and   
louder1 until1 at last1 it was hardly   
possible for ,baucis and ,philemon to   
hear each other speak4  ,ah1 wife1 cried
 ,philemon1 ,i fear some poor traveler  
is seeking hospitality among our        
neighbors yonder1 and1 instead of giving
 him food and lodging1 they have set    
their dogs at him1 as their custom is6  
,well-a-day6 answered old ,baucis1 ,i do
 wish our neighbors felt a little more  
kindness for their fellow-creatures4    
,and only think of bringing up their    
children in this naughty way1 and       
patting them on the head when they fling
 stones at strangers6  ,those children  
will never come to any good1 said       
,philemon1 shaking his white head4 ,to  

tell you the truth1 wife1 ,i should not 
wonder if some terrible thing were to   
happen to all the people in the village1
 unless they mend their manners4 ,but1  
as for you and me1 so long as           
,providence affords us a crust of bread1
 let us be ready to give half to any    
poor1 homeless stranger that may come   
along and need it4  ,that's right1      
husband6 said ,baucis4 ,so we will6     
,these old folks1 you must know1 were   
quite poor1 and had to work pretty hard 
for a living4 ,old ,philemon toiled     
diligently in his garden1 while ,baucis 
was always busy with her distaff1 or    
making a little butter and cheese with  
their cow's milk1 or doing one thing and
 another about the cottage4 ,their food 
was seldom anything but bread1 milk1 and
 vegetables1 with sometimes a portion of
 honey from their beehive1 and now and  
then a bunch of grapes1 that had ripened
 against the cottage wall4 ,but they    
were two of the kindest old people in   
the world1 and would cheerfully have    

gone without their dinners1 any day1    
rather than refuse a slice of their     
brown loaf1 a cup of nice milk1 and a   
spoonful of honey1 to the weary traveler
 who might pause before their door4     
,they felt as if such guests had a sort 
of holiness1 and that they ought1       
therefore1 to treat them better and more
 bountifully than their own selves4     
,their cottage stood on a rising ground1
 at some short distance from a village1 
which lay in a hollow valley1 that was  
about half a mile in breadth4 ,this     
valley1 in past ages1 when the world was
 new1 had probably been the bed of a    
lake4 ,there1 fishes had glided to and  
fro in the depths1 and water-weeds had  
grown along the margin1 and trees and   
hills had seen their reflected images in
 the broad and peaceful mirror4 ,but1 as
 the waters subsided1 men had cultivated
 the soil1 and built houses on it1 so   
that it was now a fertile spot1 and bore
 no traces of the ancient lake1 except a
 very small brook1 which meandered      

through the midst of the village1 and   
supplied the inhabitants with water4    
,the valley had been dry land so long   
that oaks had sprung up1 and grown great
 and high1 and perished with old age1   
and been succeeded by others1 as tall   
and stately as the first4 ,never was    
there a prettier or more fruitful       
valley4 ,the very sight of the plenty   
around them should have made the        
inhabitants kind and gentle and ready to
 show their gratitude to ,providence by 
doing good to their fellow-creatures4   
,but1 we are sorry to say1 the people of
 this lovely village were not worthy to 
dwell in a spot on which ,heaven had    
smiled so beneficently4 ,they were a    
very selfish and hard-hearted people1   
and had no pity for the poor1 nor       
sympathy with the homeless4 ,they would 
only have laughed had anybody told them 
that human beings owe a debt of love to 
one another1 because there is no other  
method of paying the debt of love and   
care which all of us owe to ,providence4

 ,you will hardly believe what ,i am    
going to tell you4 ,these naughty people
 taught their children to be no better  
than themselves1 and used to clap their 
hands1 by way of encouragement1 when    
they saw the little boys and girls run  
after some poor stranger1 shouting at   
his heels1 and pelting him with stones4 
,they kept large and fierce dogs1 and   
whenever a traveler ventured to show    
himself in the village street1 this pack
 of disagreeable curs scampered to meet 
him1 barking1 snarling1 and showing     
their teeth4 ,then they would seize him 
by his leg1 or by his clothes1 just as  
it happened2 and if he were ragged when 
he came1 he was generally a pitiable    
object before he had time to run away4  
,this was a very terrible thing to poor 
travelers1 as you may suppose1          
especially when they chanced to be sick1
 or feeble1 or lame1 or old4 ,such      
persons 7if they once knew how badly    
these unkind people1 and their unkind   
children and curs1 were in the habit of 

behaving7 would go miles and miles out  
of their way rather than try to pass    
through the village again4  ,what made  
the matter seem worse1 if possible1 was 
that when rich persons came in their    
chariots1 or riding on beautiful horses1
 with their servants in rich liveries   
attending on them1 nobody could be more 
civil and obsequious than the           
inhabitants of the village4 ,they would 
take off their hats1 and make the       
humblest bows you ever saw4 ,if the     
children were rude1 they were pretty    
certain to get their ears boxed2 and as 
for the dogs1 if a single cur in the    
pack presumed to yelp1 his master       
instantly beat him with a club1 and tied
 him up without any supper4 ,this would 
have been all very well1 only it proved 
that the villagers cared much about the 
money that a stranger had in his pocket1
 and nothing whatever for the human     
soul1 which lives equally in the beggar 
and the prince4  ,so now you can        
understand why old ,philemon spoke so   

sorrowfully when he heard the shouts of 
the children and the barking of the dogs
 at the further extremity of the village
 street4 ,there was a confused din1     
which lasted a good while1 and seemed to
 pass quite through the breadth of the  
valley4  ,i never heard the dogs so     
loud6 observed the good old man4  ,nor  
the children so rude6 answered his good 
old wife4  ,they sat shaking their      
heads1 one to another1 while the noise  
came nearer and nearer2 until1 at the   
foot of the little eminence on which    
their cottage stood1 they saw two       
travelers approaching on foot4 ,close   
behind them came the fierce dogs1       
snarling at their very heels4 ,a little 
farther off1 ran a crowd of children1   
who sent up shrill cries1 and flung     
stones at the two strangers1 with all   
their might4 ,once or twice1 the younger
 of the two men 7he was a slender and   
very active figure7 turned about1 and   
drove back the dogs with a staff which  
he carried in his hand4 ,his companion1 

who was a very tall person1 walked      
calmly along1 as if disdaining to notice
 either the naughty children or the pack
 of curs1 whose manners the children    
seemed to imitate4  ,both of the        
travelers were very humbly clad1 and    
looked as if they might not have money  
enough in their pockets to pay for a    
night's lodging4 ,and this1 ,i am       
afraid1 was the reason why the villagers
 had allowed their children and dogs to 
treat them so rudely4  ,come1 wife1 said
 ,philemon to ,baucis1 let us go and    
meet these poor people4 ,no doubt they  
feel almost too heavy-hearted to climb  
the hill4  ,go you and meet them1       
answered ,baucis1 while ,i make haste   
within doors and see whether we can get 
them anything for supper4 ,a comfortable
 bowl of bread and milk would do wonders
 towards raising their spirits4         
,accordingly1 she hastened into the     
cottage4 ,philemon1 on his part1 went   
forward and extended his hand with so   
hospitable an aspect that there was no  

need of saying1 what nevertheless he did
 say1 in the heartiest tone             
imaginable1--  ,welcome1 strangers6     
welcome6  ,thank you6 replied the       
younger of the two1 in a lively kind of 
way1 notwithstanding his weariness and  
trouble4 ,this is quite another greeting
 than we have met with yonder1 in the   
village4 ,pray1 why do you live in such 
a bad neighborhood8  ,ah1 observed old  
,philemon1 with a quiet and benign      
smile1 ,providence put me here1 ,i hope1
 among other reasons1 in order that ,i  
may make you what amends ,i can for the 
inhospitality of my neighbors4  ,well   
said1 old father6 said the traveler1    
laughing2 and1 if the truth must be     
told1 my companion and myself need some 
amends4 ,those children 7the little     
rascals67 have bespattered us finely    
with their mud-balls2 and one of the    
curs has torn my cloak1 which was ragged
 enough already4 ,but ,i took him across
 the muzzle with my staff2 and ,i think 
you may have heard him yelp1 even thus  

far off4  ,philemon was glad to see him 
in such good spirits2 nor1 indeed1 would
 you have fancied1 by the traveler's    
look and manner1 that he was weary with 
a long day's journey1 besides being     
disheartened by rough treatment at the  
end of it4 ,he was dressed in rather an 
odd way1 with a sort of cap on his head1
 the brim of which stuck out over both  
ears4 ,though it was a summer evening1  
he wore a cloak1 which he kept wrapt    
closely about him1 perhaps because his  
under garments were shabby4 ,philemon   
perceived1 too1 that he had on a        
singular pair of shoes2 but1 as it was  
now growing dusk1 and as the old man's  
eyesight was none the sharpest1 he could
 not precisely tell in what the         
strangeness consisted4 ,one thing1      
certainly1 seemed queer4 ,the traveler  
was so wonderfully light and active1    
that it appeared as if his feet         
sometimes rose from the ground of their 
own accord1 or could only be kept down  
by an effort4  ,i used to be            

light-footed1 in my youth1 said         
,philemon to the traveler4 ,but ,i      
always found my feet grow heavier       
towards nightfall4  ,there is nothing   
like a good staff to help one along1    
answered the stranger2 and ,i happen to 
have an excellent one1 as you see4      
,this staff1 in fact1 was the           
oddest-looking staff that ,philemon had 
ever beheld4 ,it was made of olive-wood1
 and had something like a little pair of
 wings near the top4 ,two snakes1 carved
 in the wood1 were represented as       
twining themselves about the staff1 and 
were so very skillfully executed that   
old ,philemon 7whose eyes1 you know1    
were getting rather dim7 almost thought 
them alive1 and that he could see them  
wriggling and twisting4  ,a curious     
piece of work1 sure enough6 said he4 ,a 
staff with wings6 ,it would be an       
excellent kind of stick for a little boy
 to ride astride of6  ,by this time1    
,philemon and his two guests had reached
 the cottage door4  ,friends1 said the  

old man1 sit down and rest yourselves   
here on this bench4 ,my good wife       
,baucis has gone to see what you can    
have for supper4 ,we are poor folks2 but
 you shall be welcome to whatever we    
have in the cupboard4  ,the younger     
stranger threw himself carelessly on the
 bench1 letting his staff fall as he did
 so4 ,and here happened something rather
 marvelous1 though trifling enough1 too4
 ,the staff seemed to get up from the   
ground of its own accord1 and1 spreading
 its little pair of wings1 it half      
hopped1 half flew1 and leaned itself    
against the wall of the cottage4 ,there 
it stood quite still1 except that the   
snakes continued to wriggle4 ,but1 in my
 private opinion1 old ,philemon's       
eyesight had been playing him tricks    
again4  ,before he could ask any        
questions1 the elder stranger drew his  
attention from the wonderful staff by   
speaking to him4  ,was there not1 asked 
the stranger1 in a remarkably deep tone 
of voice1 a lake1 in very ancient times1

 covering the spot where now stands     
yonder village8  ,not in my day1 friend1
 answered ,philemon2 and yet ,i am an   
old man1 as you see4 ,there were always 
the fields and meadows1 just as they are
 now1 and the old trees1 and the little 
stream murmuring through the midst of   
the valley4 ,my father1 nor his father  
before him1 ever saw it otherwise1 so   
far as ,i know2 and doubtless it will   
still be the same when old ,philemon    
shall be gone and forgotten6  ,that is  
more than can be safely foretold1       
observed the stranger2 and there was    
something very stern in his deep voice4 
,he shook his head1 too1 so that his    
dark and heavy curls were shaken with   
the movement4 ,since the inhabitants of 
yonder village have forgotten the       
affections and sympathies of their      
nature1 it were better that the lake    
should be rippling over their dwellings 
again6  ,the traveler looked so stern   
that ,philemon was really almost        
frightened2 the more so1 that1 at his   

frown1 the twilight seemed suddenly to  
grow darker1 and that1 when he shook his
 head1 there was a roll as of thunder in
 the air4  ,but1 in a moment afterwards1
 the stranger's face became so kindly   
and mild that the old man quite forgot  
his terror4 ,nevertheless1 he could not 
help feeling that this elder traveler   
must be no ordinary personage1 although 
he happened now to be attired so humbly1
 and to be journeying on foot4 ,not that
 ,philemon fancied him a prince in      
disguise1 or any character of that sort2
 but rather some exceedingly wise man1  
who went about the world in this poor   
garb1 despising wealth and all worldly  
objects1 and seeking everywhere to add a
 mite to his wisdom4 ,this idea appeared
 the more probable1 because1 when       
,philemon raised his eyes to the        
stranger's face1 he seemed to see more  
thought there1 in one look1 than he     
could have studied out in a lifetime4   
,while ,baucis was getting the supper1  
the travelers both began to talk very   

sociably with ,philemon4 ,the younger1  
indeed1 was extremely loquacious1 and   
made such shrewd and witty remarks1 that
 the good old man continually burst out 
a-laughing1 and pronounced him the      
merriest fellow whom he had seen for    
many a day4  ,pray1 my young friend1    
said he1 as they grew familiar together1
 what may ,i call your name8  ,why1 ,i  
am very nimble1 as you see1 answered the
 traveler4 ,so1 if you call me          
,quicksilver1 the name will fit         
tolerably well4  ,quicksilver8          
,quicksilver6 repeated ,philemon1       
looking in the traveler's face1 to see  
if he were making fun of him4 ,it is a  
very odd name6 ,and your companion      
there8 ,has he as strange a one8  ,you  
must ask the thunder to tell you it6    
replied ,quicksilver1 putting on a      
mysterious look4 ,no other voice is loud
 enough4  ,this remark1 whether it were 
serious or in jest1 might have caused   
,philemon to conceive a very great awe  
of the elder stranger1 if1 on venturing 

to gaze at him1 he had not beheld so    
much beneficence in his visage4 ,but1   
undoubtedly1 here was the grandest      
figure that ever sat so humbly beside a 
cottage door4 ,when the stranger        
conversed1 it was with gravity1 and in  
such a way that ,philemon felt          
irresistibly moved to tell him          
everything which he had most at heart4  
,this is always the feeling that people 
have1 when they meet with any one wise  
enough to comprehend all their good and 
evil1 and to despise not a tittle of it4
  ,but ,philemon1 simple and            
kind-hearted old man that he was1 had   
not many secrets to disclose4 ,he       
talked1 however1 quite garrulously1     
about the events of his past life1 in   
the whole course of which he had never  
been a score of miles from this very    
spot4 ,his wife ,baucis and himself had 
dwelt in the cottage from their youth   
upward1 earning their bread by honest   
labor1 always poor1 but still contented4
 ,he told what excellent butter and     

cheese ,baucis made and how nice were   
the vegetables which he raised in his   
garden4 ,he said1 too1 that1 because    
they loved one another so very much1 it 
was the wish of both that death might   
not separate them1 but that they should 
die1 as they had lived1 together4  ,as  
the stranger listened1 a smile beamed   
over his countenance1 and made its      
expression as sweet as it was grand4    
,you are a good old man1 said he to     
,philemon1 and you have a good old wife 
to be your helpmeet4 ,it is fit that    
your wish be granted4  ,and it seemed to
 ,philemon1 just then1 as if the sunset 
clouds threw up a bright flash from the 
west1 and kindled a sudden light in the 
sky4  ,baucis had now got supper ready1 
and coming to the door1 began to make   
apologies for the poor fare which she   
was forced to set before her guests4    
,had we known you were coming1 said she1
 my good man and myself would have gone 
without a morsel1 rather than you should
 lack a better supper4 ,but ,i took the 

most part of to-day's milk to make      
cheese2 and our last loaf is already    
half eaten4 ,ah me6 ,i never feel the   
sorrow of being poor1 save when a poor  
traveler knocks at our door4  ,all will 
be very well2 do not trouble yourself1  
my good dame1 replied the elder         
stranger1 kindly4 ,an honest hearty     
welcome to a guest works miracles with  
the fare1 and is capable of turning the 
coarsest food to nectar and ambrosia4   
,a welcome you shall have1 cried        
,baucis1 and likewise a little honey    
that we happen to have left1 and a bunch
 of purple grapes besides4  ,why1       
,mother ,baucis1 it is a feast6         
exclaimed ,quicksilver1 laughing1 an    
absolute feast6 ,and you shall see how  
bravely ,i will play my part at it6 ,i  
think ,i never felt hungrier in my life4
  ,mercy on us6 whispered ,baucis to her
 husband4 ,if the young man has such a  
terrible appetite1 ,i am afraid there   
will not be half enough supper6  ,they  
all went into the cottage4  ,and now1 my

 little auditors1 shall ,i tell you     
something that will make you open your  
eyes very wide8 ,it is really one of the
 oddest circumstances in the whole      
story4 ,quicksilver's staff1 you        
recollect1 had set itself up against the
 wall of the cottage4 ,well1 when its   
master entered the door1 leaving this   
wonderful staff behind1 what should it  
do but immediately spread its little    
wings1 and go hopping and fluttering up 
the doorsteps6 ,tap1 tap1 went the      
staff1 on the kitchen floor2 nor did it 
rest until it had stood itself on end1  
with the greatest gravity and decorum1  
beside ,quicksilver's chair4 ,old       
,philemon1 however1 as well as his wife1
 was so taken up in attending to their  
guests1 that no notice was given to what
 the staff had been about4  ,as ,baucis 
had said1 there was but a scanty supper 
for two hungry travelers4 ,in the middle
 of the table was the remnant of a brown
 loaf1 with a piece of cheese on one    
side of it1 and a dish of honeycomb on  

the other4 ,there was a pretty good     
bunch of grapes for each of the guests4 
,a moderately sized earthen pitcher1    
nearly full of milk1 stood at a corner  
of the board2 and when ,baucis had      
filled two bowls1 and set them before   
the strangers1 only a little milk       
remained in the bottom of the pitcher4  
,alas6 it is a very sad business1 when a
 bountiful heart finds itself pinched   
and squeezed among narrow circumstances4
 ,poor ,baucis kept wishing that she    
might starve for a week to come1 if it  
were possible1 by so doing1 to provide  
these hungry folks a more plentiful     
supper4  ,and1 since the supper was so  
exceedingly small1 she could not help   
wishing that their appetites had not    
been quite so large4 ,why1 at their very
 first sitting down1 the travelers both 
drank off all the milk in their two     
bowls1 at a draught4  ,a little more    
milk1 kind ,mother ,baucis1 if you      
please1 said ,quicksilver4 ,the day has 
been hot1 and ,i am very much athirst4  

,now1 my dear people1 answered ,baucis1 
in great confusion1 ,i am so sorry and  
ashamed6 ,but the truth is1 there is    
hardly a drop more milk in the pitcher4 
,o husband6 husband6 why didn't we go   
without our supper8  ,why1 it appears to
 me1 cried ,quicksilver1 starting up    
from the table and taking the pitcher by
 the handle1 it really appears to me    
that matters are not quite so bad as you
 represent them4 ,here is certainly more
 milk in the pitcher4  ,so saying1 and  
to the vast astonishment of ,baucis1 he 
proceeded to fill1 not only his own     
bowl1 but his companion's likewise1 from
 the pitcher1 that was supposed to be   
almost empty4 ,the good woman could     
scarcely believe her eyes4 ,she had     
certainly poured out nearly all the     
milk1 and had peeped in afterwards1 and 
seen the bottom of the pitcher1 as she  
set it down upon the table4  ,but ,i am 
old1 thought ,baucis to herself1 and apt
 to be forgetful4 ,i suppose ,i must    
have made a mistake4 ,at all events1 the

 pitcher cannot help being empty now1   
after filling the bowls twice over4     
,what excellent milk6 observed          
,quicksilver1 after quaffing the        
contents of the second bowl4 ,excuse me1
 my kind hostess1 but ,i must really ask
 you for a little more4  ,now ,baucis   
had seen1 as plainly as she could see   
anything1 that ,quicksilver had turned  
the pitcher upside down1 and            
consequently had poured out every drop  
of milk1 in filling the last bowl4 ,of  
course1 there could not possibly be any 
left4 ,however1 in order to let him know
 precisely how the case was1 she lifted 
the pitcher1 and made a gesture as if   
pouring milk into ,quicksilver's bowl1  
but without the remotest idea that any  
milk would stream forth4 ,what was her  
surprise1 therefore1 when such an       
abundant cascade fell bubbling into the 
bowl1 that it was immediately filled to 
the brim1 and overflowed upon the table6
 ,the two snakes that were twisted about
 ,quicksilver's staff 7but neither      

,baucis nor ,philemon happened to       
observe this circumstance7 stretched out
 their heads1 and began to lap up the   
spilt milk4  ,and then what a delicious 
fragrance the milk had6 ,it seemed as if
 ,philemon's only cow must have         
pastured1 that day1 on the richest      
herbage that could be found anywhere in 
the world4 ,i only wish that each of    
you1 my beloved little souls1 could have
 a bowl of such nice milk at            
supper-time6  ,and now a slice of your  
brown loaf1 ,mother ,baucis1 said       
,quicksilver1 and a little of that      
honey6  ,baucis cut him a slice1        
accordingly2 and though the loaf1 when  
she and her husband ate of it1 had been 
rather too dry and crusty to be         
palatable1 it was now as light and moist
 as if but a few hours out of the oven4 
,tasting a crumb1 which had fallen on   
the table1 she found it more delicious  
than bread ever was before1 and could   
hardly believe that it was a loaf of her
 own kneading and baking4 ,yet1 what    

other loaf could it possibly be8  ,but1 
oh1 the honey6 ,i may just as well let  
it alone1 without trying to describe how
 exquisitely it smelt and looked4 ,its  
color was that of the purest and most   
transparent gold2 and it had the odor of
 a thousand flowers2 but of such flowers
 as never grew in an earthly garden1 and
 to seek which the bees must have flown 
high above the clouds4 ,the wonder is1  
that1 after alighting on a flower-bed of
 so delicious fragrance and immortal    
bloom1 they should have been content to 
fly down again to their hive in         
,philemon's garden4 ,never was such     
honey tasted1 seen1 or smelt4 ,the      
perfume floated around the kitchen1 and 
made it so delightful1 that1 had you    
closed your eyes1 you would instantly   
have forgotten the low ceiling and smoky
 walls1 and have fancied yourself in an 
arbor1 with celestial honeysuckles      
creeping over it4  ,although good       
,mother ,baucis was a simple old dame1  
she could not but think that there was  

something rather out of the common way  
in all that had been going on4 ,so1     
after helping the guests to bread and   
honey1 and laying a bunch of grapes by  
each of their plates1 she sat down by   
,philemon1 and told him what she had    
seen1 in a whisper4  ,did you ever hear 
the like8 asked she4  ,no1 ,i never did1
 answered ,philemon1 with a smile4 ,and 
,i rather think1 my dear old wife1 you  
have been walking about in a sort of a  
dream4 ,if ,i had poured out the milk1  
,i should have seen through the business
 at once4 ,there happened to be a little
 more in the pitcher than you           
thought1--that is all4  ,ah1 husband1   
said ,baucis1 say what you will1 these  
are very uncommon people4  ,well1 well1 
replied ,philemon1 still smiling1       
perhaps they are4 ,they certainly do    
look as if they had seen better days2   
and ,i am heartily glad to see them     
making so comfortable a supper4  ,each  
of the guests had now taken his bunch of
 grapes upon his plate4 ,baucis 7who    

rubbed her eyes1 in order to see the    
more clearly7 was of opinion that the   
clusters had grown larger and richer1   
and that each separate grape seemed to  
be on the point of bursting with ripe   
juice4 ,it was entirely a mystery to her
 how such grapes could ever have been   
produced from the old stunted vine that 
climbed against the cottage wall4  ,very
 admirable grapes1 these6 observed      
,quicksilver1 as he swallowed one after 
another1 without apparently diminishing 
his cluster4 ,pray1 my good host1 whence
 did you gather them8  ,from my own     
vine1 answered ,philemon4 ,you may see  
one of its branches twisting across the 
window1 yonder4 ,but wife and ,i never  
thought the grapes very fine ones4  ,i  
never tasted better1 said the guest4    
,another cup of this delicious milk1 if 
you please1 and ,i shall then have      
supped better than a prince4  ,this     
time1 old ,philemon bestirred himself1  
and took up the pitcher2 for he was     
curious to discover whether there was   

any reality in the marvels which ,baucis
 had whispered to him4 ,he knew that his
 good old wife was incapable of         
falsehood1 and that she was seldom      
mistaken in what she supposed to be     
true2 but this was so very singular a   
case that he wanted to see into it with 
his own eyes4 ,on taking up the pitcher1
 therefore1 he slyly peeped into it1 and
 was fully satisfied that it contained  
not so much as a single drop4 ,all at   
once1 however1 he beheld a little white 
fountain1 which gushed up from the      
bottom of the pitcher1 and speedily     
filled it to the brim with foaming and  
deliciously fragrant milk4 ,it was lucky
 that ,philemon1 in his surprise1 did   
not drop the miraculous pitcher from his
 hand4  ,who are ye1 wonder-working     
strangers8 cried he1 even more          
bewildered than his wife had been4      
,your guests1 my good ,philemon1 and    
your friends1 replied the elder         
traveler1 in his mild1 deep voice1 that 
had something at once sweet and         

awe-inspiring in it4 ,give me likewise a
 cup of the milk2 and may your pitcher  
never be empty for kind ,baucis and     
yourself1 any more than for the needy   
wayfarer6  ,the supper being now over1  
the strangers requested to be shown to  
their place of repose4 ,the old people  
would gladly have talked with them a    
little longer1 and have expressed the   
wonder which they felt1 and their       
delight at finding the poor and meager  
supper prove so much better and more    
abundant than they hoped4 ,but the elder
 traveler had inspired them with such   
reverence that they dared not ask him   
any questions4 ,and when ,philemon drew 
,quicksilver aside1 and inquired how    
under the sun a fountain of milk could  
have got into an old earthen pitcher1   
this latter personage pointed to his    
staff4  ,there is the whole mystery of  
the affair1 quoth ,quicksilver2 and if  
you can make it out1 ,i'll thank you to 
let me know4 ,i can't tell what to make 
of my staff4 ,it is always playing such 

odd tricks as this2 sometimes getting me
 a supper1 and quite as often stealing  
it away4 ,if ,i had any faith in such   
nonsense1 ,i should say the stick was   
bewitched6  ,he said no more1 but looked
 so slyly in their faces1 that they     
rather fancied he was laughing at them4 
,the magic staff went hopping at his    
heels1 as ,quicksilver quitted the room4
 ,when left alone1 the good old couple  
spent some little time in conversation  
about the events of the evening1 and    
then lay down on the floor1 and fell    
fast asleep4 ,they had given up their   
sleeping-room to the guests1 and had no 
other bed for themselves1 save these    
planks1 which ,i wish had been as soft  
as their own hearts4  ,the old man and  
his wife were stirring1 betimes1 in the 
morning1 and the strangers likewise     
arose with the sun1 and made their      
preparations to depart4 ,philemon       
hospitably entreated them to remain a   
little longer1 until ,baucis could milk 
the cow1 and bake a cake upon the       

hearth1 and1 perhaps1 find them a few   
fresh eggs1 for breakfast4 ,the guests1 
however1 seemed to think it better to   
accomplish a good part of their journey 
before the heat of the day should come  
on4 ,they1 therefore1 persisted in      
setting out immediately1 but asked      
,philemon and ,baucis to walk forth with
 them a short distance1 and show them   
the road which they were to take4  ,so  
they all four issued from the cottage1  
chatting together like old friends4 ,it 
was very remarkable1 indeed1 how        
familiar the old couple insensibly grew 
with the elder traveler1 and how their  
good and simple spirits melted into his1
 even as two drops of water would melt  
into the illimitable ocean4 ,and as for 
,quicksilver1 with his keen1 quick1     
laughing wits1 he appeared to discover  
every little thought that but peeped    
into their minds1 before they suspected 
it themselves4 ,they sometimes wished1  
it is true1 that he had not been quite  
so quick-witted1 and also that he would 

fling away his staff1 which looked so   
mysteriously mischievous1 with the      
snakes always writhing about it4 ,but   
then1 again1 ,quicksilver showed himself
 so very good-humored1 that they would  
have been rejoiced to keep him in their 
cottage1 staff1 snakes1 and all1 every  
day1 and the whole day long4  ,ah1 me6  
,well-a-day6 exclaimed ,philemon1 when  
they had walked a little way from their 
door4 ,if our neighbors only knew what a
 blessed thing it is to show hospitality
 to strangers1 they would tie up all    
their dogs1 and never allow their       
children to fling another stone4  ,it is
 a sin and shame for them to behave     
so1--that it is6 cried good old ,baucis1
 vehemently4 ,and ,i mean to go this    
very day and tell some of them what     
naughty people they are6  ,i fear1      
remarked ,quicksilver1 slyly smiling1   
that you will find none of them at home4
  ,the elder traveler's brow1 just then1
 assumed such a grave1 stern1 and awful 
grandeur1 yet serene withal1 that       

neither ,baucis nor ,philemon dared to  
speak a word4 ,they gazed reverently    
into his face1 as if they had been      
gazing at the sky4  ,when men do not    
feel towards the humblest stranger as if
 he were a brother1 said the traveler1  
in tones so deep they sounded like those
 of an organ1 they are unworthy to exist
 on earth1 which was created as the     
abode of a great human brotherhood6     
,and1 by the by1 my dear old people1    
cried ,quicksilver1 with the liveliest  
look of fun and mischief in his eyes1   
where is this same village that you talk
 about8 ,on which side of us does it    
lie8 ,methinks ,i do not see it         
hereabouts4  ,philemon and his wife     
turned towards the valley1 where1 at    
sunset1 only the day before1 they had   
seen the meadows1 the houses1 the       
gardens1 the clumps of trees1 the wide1 
green-margined street1 with children    
playing in it1 and all the tokens of    
business1 enjoyment1 and prosperity4    
,but what was their astonishment6 ,there

 was no longer any appearance of a      
village6 ,even the fertile vale1 in the 
hollow of which it lay1 had ceased to   
have existence4 ,in its stead1 they     
beheld the broad1 blue surface of a     
lake1 which filled the great basin of   
the valley from brim to brim1 and       
reflected the surrounding hills in its  
bosom1 with as tranquil an image as if  
it had been there ever since the        
creation of the world4 ,for an instant1 
the lake remained perfectly smooth4     
,then1 a little breeze sprang up1 and   
caused the water to dance1 glitter1 and 
sparkle in the early sunbeams1 and to   
dash1 with a pleasant rippling murmur1  
against the hither shore4  ,the lake    
seemed so strangely familiar1 that the  
old couple were greatly perplexed1 and  
felt as if they could only have been    
dreaming about a village having lain    
there4 ,but1 the next moment1 they      
remembered the vanished dwellings1 and  
the faces and characters of the         
inhabitants1 far too distinctly for a   

dream4 ,the village had been there      
yesterday1 and now was gone6  ,alas6    
cried these kind-hearted old people1    
what has become of our poor neighbors6  
,they exist no longer as men and women1 
said the elder traveler1 in his grand   
and deep voice1 while a roll of thunder 
seemed to echo it at a distance4 ,there 
was neither use nor beauty in such a    
life as theirs2 for they never softened 
or sweetened the hard lot of mortality  
by the exercise of kindly affections    
between man and man4 ,they retained no  
image of the better life in their       
bosoms3 therefore1 the lake1 that was of
 old1 has spread itself forth again1 to 
reflect the sky6  ,and as for those     
foolish people1 said ,quicksilver1 with 
his mischievous smile1 they are all     
transformed to fishes4 ,there needed but
 little change1 for they were already a 
scaly set of rascals1 and the           
coldest-blooded beings in existence4    
,so1 kind ,mother ,baucis1 whenever you 
or your husband have an appetite for a  

dish of broiled trout1 he can throw in a
 line1 and pull out half a dozen of your
 old neighbors6  ,ah1 cried ,baucis1    
shuddering1 ,i would not1 for the world1
 put one of them on the gridiron6  ,no1 
added ,philemon1 making a wry face1 we  
could never relish them6  ,as for you1  
good ,philemon1 continued the elder     
traveler1--and you1 kind ,baucis1--you1 
with your scanty means1 have mingled so 
much heartfelt hospitality with your    
entertainment of the homeless stranger1 
that the milk became an inexhaustible   
fount of nectar1 and the brown loaf and 
the honey were ambrosia4 ,thus1 the     
divinities have feasted1 at your board1 
off the same viands that supply their   
banquets on ,olympus4 ,you have done    
well1 my dear old friends4 ,wherefore1  
request whatever favor you have most at 
heart1 and it is granted4  ,philemon and
 ,baucis looked at one another1 and     
then1--,i know not which of the two it  
was who spoke1 but that one uttered the 
desire of both their hearts4  ,let us   

live together1 while we live1 and leave 
the world at the same instant1 when we  
die6 ,for we have always loved one      
another6  ,be it so6 replied the        
stranger1 with majestic kindness4 ,now1 
look towards your cottage6  ,they did   
so4 ,but what was their surprise on     
beholding a tall edifice of white       
marble1 with a wide-open portal1        
occupying the spot where their humble   
residence had so lately stood6  ,there  
is your home1 said the stranger1        
beneficently smiling on them both4      
,exercise your hospitality in yonder    
palace as freely as in the poor hovel to
 which you welcomed us last evening4    
,the old folks fell on their knees to   
thank him2 but1 behold6 neither he nor  
,quicksilver was there4  ,so ,philemon  
and ,baucis took up their residence in  
the marble palace1 and spent their time1
 with vast satisfaction to themselves1  
in making everybody jolly and           
comfortable who happened to pass that   
way4 ,the milk-pitcher1 ,i must not     

forget to say1 retained its marvelous   
quality of being never empty1 when it   
was desirable to have it full4 ,whenever
 an honest1 good-humored1 and           
free-hearted guest took a draught from  
this pitcher1 he invariably found it the
 sweetest and most invigorating fluid   
that ever ran down his throat4 ,but1 if 
a cross and disagreeable curmudgeon     
happened to sip1 he was pretty certain  
to twist his visage into a hard knot1   
and pronounce it a pitcher of sour milk6
  ,thus the old couple lived in their   
palace a great1 great while1 and grew   
older and older1 and very old indeed4   
,at length1 however1 there came a summer
 morning when ,philemon and ,baucis     
failed to make their appearance1 as on  
other mornings1 with one hospitable     
smile overspreading both their pleasant 
faces1 to invite the guests of          
over-night to breakfast4 ,the guests    
searched everywhere1 from top to bottom 
of the spacious palace1 and all to no   
purpose4 ,but1 after a great deal of    

perplexity1 they espied1 in front of the
 portal1 two venerable trees1 which     
nobody could remember to have seen there
 the day before4 ,yet there they stood1 
with their roots fastened deep into the 
soil1 and a huge breadth of foliage     
overshadowing the whole front of the    
edifice4 ,one was an oak1 and the other 
a linden-tree4 ,their boughs--it was    
strange and beautiful to see--were      
intertwined together1 and embraced one  
another1 so that each tree seemed to    
live in the other's bosom1 much more    
than in its own4  ,while the guests were
 marveling how these trees1 that must   
have required at least a century to     
grow1 could have come to be so tall and 
venerable in a single night1 a breeze   
sprang up1 and set their intermingled   
boughs astir4 ,and then there was a     
deep1 broad murmur in the air1 as if the
 two mysterious trees were speaking4  ,i
 am old ,philemon6 murmured the oak4  ,i
 am old ,baucis6 murmured the           
linden-tree4  ,but1 as the breeze grew  

stronger1 the trees both spoke at       
once1--,philemon6 ,baucis6 ,baucis6     
,philemon6--as if one were both and both
 were one1 and talking together in the  
depths of their mutual heart4 ,it was   
plain enough to perceive that the good  
old couple had renewed their age1 and   
were now to spend a quiet and delightful
 hundred years or so1 ,philemon as an   
oak1 and ,baucis as a linden-tree4 ,and 
oh1 what a hospitable shade did they    
fling around them6 ,whenever a wayfarer 
paused beneath it1 he heard a pleasant  
whisper of the leaves above his head1   
and wondered how the sound should so    
much resemble words like these3--       
,welcome1 welcome1 dear traveler1       
welcome6  ,and some kind soul1 that knew
 what would have pleased old ,baucis and
 old ,philemon best1 built a circular   
seat around both their trunks1 where1   
for a great while afterwards1 the weary1
 and the hungry1 and the thirsty used to
 repose themselves1 and quaff milk      
abundantly out of the miraculous        

pitcher4  ,and ,i wish1 for all our     
sakes1 that we had the pitcher here now6
    #beh          ,one of the very      
satisfactory attempts to retell         
the classic myths for young readers is  
to be         found in ,gods and ,heroes
 by ,r4 ,e4 ,francillon4         ,the   
stories are brought together into a     
single         saga1 free from          
inconsistencies and                     
contradictions4 ,this gives the book all
 the         charm of a single story    
made of many dramatic         episodes4 
,francillon's version of the familiar   
tale of ,narcissus and ,echo follows by 
permission of the publishers4           
7,copyright4 ,ginn          ,co41       
,boston47   ,,the ,,narcissus  ,r4 ,e4  
,,francillon  ,there was a very         
beautiful nymph named ,echo1 who had    
never1 in all her life1 seen anybody    
handsomer than the god ,pan4 ,you have  
read that ,pan was the chief of all the 
,satyrs1 and what hideous monsters the  
,satyrs were4 ,so1 when ,pan made love  

to her1 she very naturally kept him at a
 distance3 and1 as she supposed him to  
be no worse-looking than the rest of the
 world1 she made up her mind to have    
nothing to do with love or lovemaking1  
and was quite content to ramble about   
the woods all alone4  ,but one day1 to  
her surprise1 she happened to meet with 
a young man who was as different from   
,pan as any creature could be4 ,instead 
of having a goat's legs and long hairy  
arms1 he was as graceful as ,apollo     
himself3 no horns grew out of his       
forehead1 and his ears were not long1   
pointed1 and covered with hair1 but just
 like ,echo's own4 ,and he was just as  
beautiful in face as he was graceful in 
form4 ,i doubt if ,echo would have      
thought even ,apollo himself so         
beautiful4  ,the nymphs were rather shy1
 and ,echo was the very shyest of them  
all4 ,but she admired him so much she   
could not leave the spot1 and at last   
she even plucked up courage enough to   
ask him1 ,what is the name of the most  

beautiful being in the whole world8     
,whom do you mean8 asked he4 ,yourself8 
,if you want to know your own name1 you 
can tell it better than ,i can4  ,no1   
said ,echo1 ,i don't mean myself4 ,i    
mean you4 ,what is your name8  ,my name 
is ,narcissus1 said he4 ,but as for my  
being beautiful--that is absurd4        
,narcissus6 repeated ,echo to herself4  
,it is a beautiful name4 ,which of the  
nymphs have you come to meet here in    
these woods all alone8 ,she is          
lucky--whoever she may be4  ,i have come
 to meet nobody1 said ,narcissus4       
,but--am ,i really so beautiful8 ,i have
 often been told so by other girls1 of  
course2 but really it is more than ,i   
can quite believe4  ,and you don't care 
for any of those girls8  ,why1 you see1 
said ,narcissus1 when all the girls one 
knows call one beautiful1 there's no    
reason why ,i should care for one more  
than another4 ,they all seem alike when 
they are all always saying just the same
 thing4 ,ah6 ,i do wish ,i could see    

myself1 so that ,i could tell if it was 
really true4 ,i would marry the girl who
 could give me the wish of my heart--to 
see myself as other people see me4 ,but 
as nobody can make me do that1 why1 ,i  
suppose ,i shall get on very well       
without marrying anybody at all4        
,looking-glasses had not been invented  
in those days1 so that ,narcissus had   
really never seen even so much of       
himself as his chin4  ,what6 cried      
,echo1 full of hope and joy2 if ,i make 
you see your own face1 you will marry   
me8  ,i said so1 said he4 ,and of course
 what ,i say ,i'll do1 ,i'll do4        
,then--come with me6  ,echo took him by 
the hand and led him to the edge of a   
little lake in the middle of the wood1  
full of clear water4  ,kneel down1      
,narcissus1 said she1 and bend your eyes
 over the waterside4 ,that lake is the  
mirror where ,diana comes every morning 
to dress her hair1 and in which1 every  
night1 the moon and the stars behold    
themselves4 ,look into that water1 and  

see what manner of man you are6         
,narcissus kneeled down and looked into 
the lake4 ,and1 better than in any      
common looking-glass1 he saw the        
reflected image of his own face--and he 
looked1 and looked1 and could not take  
his eyes away4  ,but ,echo at last grew 
tired of waiting4 ,have you forgotten   
what you promised me8 asked she4 ,are   
you content now8 ,do you see now that   
what ,i told you is true8  ,he lifted   
his eyes at last4 ,oh1 beautiful        
creature that ,i am6 said he4 ,i am     
indeed the most divine creature in the  
whole wide world4 ,i love myself madly4 
,go away4 ,i want to be with my         
beautiful image1 with myself1 all alone4
 ,i can't marry you4 ,i shall never love
 anybody but myself for the rest of my  
days4 ,and he kneeled down and gazed at 
himself once more1 while poor ,echo had 
to go weeping away4  ,narcissus had     
spoken truly4 ,he loved himself and his 
own face so much that he could think of 
nothing else3 he spent all his days and 

nights by the lake1 and never took his  
eyes away4 ,but unluckily his image1    
which was only a shadow in the water1   
could not love him back again4 ,and so  
he pined away until he died4 ,and when  
his friends came to look for his body1  
they found nothing but a flower1 into   
which his soul had turned4 ,so they     
called it the ,narcissus1 and we call it
 so still4 ,and yet ,i don't know that  
it is a particularly conceited or       
selfish flower4  ,as for poor ,echo1 she
 pined away too4 ,she faded and faded   
until nothing was left of her but her   
voice4 ,there are many places where she 
can even now be heard4 ,and she still   
has the same trick of saying to vain and
 foolish people whatever they say to    
themselves1 or whatever they would like 
best to hear said to them4 ,if you go   
where ,echo is1 and call out loudly1 ,i 
am beautiful6--she will echo your very  
words4    #bei          ,the ,apple of  
,discord is also taken1 by              
permission of the publishers1 from      

,francillon's         ,gods and ,heroes4
 ,it is the story of how the            
world's first great war was brought     
about4         ,teachers who wish to use
 some of the stories         from       
,homer's ,iliad might well follow this  
story with some selected episodes from  
that         work4 ,the prose           
translation of the ,iliad by            
,lang1 ,leaf1 and ,myers is the most    
satisfactory4         ,of versions      
adapted for children1 ,church's         
,story of the ,iliad has long been a    
favorite4   ,,the ,,apple ,,of ,,discord
  ,r4 ,e4 ,,francillon   ,never was such
 a wedding-feast known as that of       
,peleus and ,thetis4 ,and no wonder2 for
 ,peleus was ,king of ,thessaly1 and    
,thetis was a goddess--the goddess who  
keeps the gates of the ,west1 and throws
 them open for the chariot of the ,sun  
to pass through when its day's journey  
is done4  ,not only all the neighboring 
kings and queens came to the feast1 but 
the gods and goddesses besides1 bringing

 splendid presents to the bride and     
bridegroom4 ,only one goddess was not   
there1 because she had not been invited2
 and she had not been invited for the   
best of all reasons4 ,her name was ,ate1
 which means ,mischief2 and wherever she
 went she caused quarreling and         
confusion4 ,jupiter had turned her out  
of heaven for setting even the gods by  
the ears2 and ever since then she had   
been wandering about the earth1 making  
mischief1 for they would not have her   
even in ,hades4  ,so they won't have ,me
 at their feast6 she said to herself1   
when she heard the sound of the         
merriment to which she had not been     
bidden4 ,very well2 they shall be sorry4
 ,i see a way to make a bigger piece of 
mischief than ever was known4  ,so she  
took a golden apple1 wrote some words   
upon it1 and1 keeping herself out of    
sight1 threw it into the very middle of 
the feasters1 just when they were most  
merry4  ,nobody saw where the apple came
 from2 but of course they supposed it   

had been thrown among them for frolic2  
and one of the guests1 taking it up1    
read aloud the words written on it4 ,the
 words were3                            
,,for ,,the ,,most ,,beautiful6         
--nothing more4  ,what a handsome       
present somebody has sent me6 said      
,juno1 holding out her hand for the     
apple4  ,sent you8 asked ,diana4 ,what  
an odd mistake1 to be sure6 ,don't you  
see it is for the most beautiful8 ,i    
will thank you to hand me what is so    
clearly intended for ,me4  ,you seem to 
forget ,i am present6 said ,vesta1      
making a snatch at the apple4  ,not at  
all6 said ,ceres2 only ,i happen to be  
here1 too4 ,and who doubts that where ,i
 am there is the most beautiful8        
,except where ,i am1 said ,proserpine4  
,what folly is all this6 said ,minerva1 
the wise4 ,wisdom is the only true      
beauty2 and everybody knows that ,i am  
the wisest of you all4  ,but it's for   
the most beautiful6 said ,venus4 ,the   
idea of its being for anybody but ,me6  

,then every nymph and goddess present1  
and even every woman1 put in her claim1 
until from claiming and disputing it    
grew to arguing and wrangling and       
downright quarreling3 insults flew      
about1 until the merriment grew into an 
angry din1 the like of which had never  
been heard4 ,but as it became clear that
 it was impossible for everybody to be  
the most beautiful1 the claimants       
gradually settled down into three       
parties--some taking the side of ,venus1
 others of ,juno1 others of ,minerva4   
,we shall never settle it among         
ourselves1 said one1 when all were      
fairly out of breath with quarreling4   
,let the gods decide4  ,for the gods had
 been silent all the while2 and now they
 looked at one another in dismay at such
 an appeal4 ,jupiter1 in his heart1     
thought ,venus the most beautiful2 but  
how could he dare decide against either 
his wife ,juno or his daughter ,minerva8
 ,neptune hated ,minerva on account of  
their old quarrel2 but it was awkward to

 choose between his daughter ,venus and 
his sister ,juno1 of whose temper he1 as
 well as ,jupiter1 stood in awe4 ,mars  
was ready enough to vote for ,venus2 but
 then he was afraid of a scandal4 ,and  
so with all the gods--not one was bold  
enough to decide on such a terrible     
question as the beauty of three rival   
goddesses who were ready to tear out    
each other's eyes4 ,for ,juno was       
looking like a thundercloud1 and        
,minerva like lightning1 and ,venus like
 a smiling but treacherous sea4  ,i have
 it1 said ,jupiter at last4 ,men are    
better judges of beauty than the gods   
are1 who never see anything but its     
perfection4 ,king ,priam of ,troy has a 
son named ,paris1 whose judgment as a   
critic ,i would take even before my own4
 ,i propose that you1 ,juno1 and you1   
,minerva1 and you1 ,venus1 shall go     
together before ,paris and submit       
yourselves to his decision1 whatever it 
may be4  ,and so it was settled1 for    
each of the three goddesses was equally 

sure that1 whoever the judge might be1  
the golden apple was safe to be hers4   
,the quarrel came to an end1 and the    
feast ended pleasantly2 but ,ate1 who   
had been watching and listening1 laughed
 in her sleeve4  ,troy1 where ,king     
,priam reigned1 was a great and ancient 
city on the shore of ,asia3 it was a    
sacred city1 whose walls had been built 
by ,neptune1 and it possessed the       
,palladium1 the image of ,minerva1 which
 kept it from all harm4 ,priam--who had 
been the friend of ,hercules--and his   
wife ,hecuba had many sons and          
daughters1 all brave and noble princes  
and beautiful princesses2 and of his    
sons1 while the bravest and noblest was 
his first-born1 ,hector1 the handsomest 
and most amiable was ,paris1 whom       
,jupiter had appointed to be the judge  
of beauty4  ,paris1 unlike his brothers1
 cared nothing for affairs of ,state1   
but lived as a shepherd upon ,mount ,ida
 with his wife ,oenone1 a nymph of that 
mountain1 in perfect happiness and      

peace1 loved and honored by the whole   
country round1 which had given him the  
name of ,alexander1 which means ,the    
,helper4 ,one would think that if       
anybody was safe from the mischief of   
,ate1 it was he4  ,but one day1 while he
 was watching his flocks and thinking of
 ,oenone1 there came to him what he took
 for three beautiful women--the most    
beautiful he had ever seen4 ,yet        
something told him they were more than  
mere women1 or even than ,oreads1 before
 the tallest said--  ,there is debate in
 ,olympus which is the most beautiful of
 us three1 and ,jupiter has appointed   
you to be the judge between us4 ,i am   
,juno1 the queen of gods and men1 and if
 you decide for me1 ,i will make you    
king of the whole world4  ,and ,i1 said 
the second1 am ,minerva1 and you shall  
know everything in the whole universe if
 you decide for me4  ,but ,i1 said the  
third1 am ,venus1 who can give neither  
wisdom nor power2 but if you decide for 
me1 ,i will give you the love of the    

most beautiful woman that ever was or   
ever will be born4  ,paris looked from  
one to the other1 wondering to which he 
should award the golden apple1 the prize
 of beauty4 ,he did not care for power2 
he would be quite content to rule his   
sheep1 and even that was not always     
easy4 ,nor did he care for wisdom or    
knowledge3 he had enough for all his    
needs4 ,nor ought he to have desired any
 love but ,oenone's4 ,but then ,venus   
was really the most beautiful of all the
 goddesses--the very goddess of beauty2 
no mortal could refuse anything she     
asked him1 so great was her charm4 ,so  
he took the apple and placed it in the  
hands of ,venus without a word1 while   
,juno and ,minerva departed in a state  
of wrath with ,paris1 ,venus1 and each  
other1 which made ,ate laugh to herself 
more than ever4  ,now the most beautiful
 woman in the whole world was ,helen1   
step-daughter of ,king ,tyndarus of     
,sparta1 and sister of ,castor and      
,pollux3 neither before her nor after   

her has there been any to compare with  
her for beauty4 ,thirty-one of the      
noblest princes in ,greece came to her  
father's ,court at the same time to seek
 her in marriage1 so that ,tyndarus knew
 not what to do1 seeing that1 whomsoever
 he chose for his son-in-law1 he would  
make thirty powerful enemies4 ,the most 
famous among them were ,ulysses1 ,king  
of the island of ,ithaca2 ,diomed1 ,king
 of ,aetolia2 ,ajax1 ,king of ,salamis1 
the bravest and strongest man in        
,greece2 his brother ,teucer2           
,philoctetes1 the friend of ,hercules2  
and ,menelaus1 ,king of ,sparta4 ,at    
last1 as there was no other way of      
deciding among them1 an entirely new    
idea occurred to ,ulysses--namely1 that 
,helen should be allowed to choose her  
own husband herself1 and that1 before   
she chose1 all the rival suitors should 
make a great and solemn oath to approve 
her choice1 and to defend her and her   
husband against all enemies thenceforth 
and forever4 ,this oath they all took   

loyally and with one accord1 and ,helen 
chose ,menelaus1 ,king of ,sparta1 who  
married her with great rejoicing1 and   
took her away to his kingdom4  ,and all 
would have gone well but for that       
wretched apple4 ,for ,venus was faithful
 to her promise that the most beautiful 
of all women should be the wife of      
,paris3 and so ,menelaus1 returning from
 a journey1 found that a ,trojan prince 
had visited his ,court during his       
absence1 and had gone away1 taking      
,helen with him to ,troy4 ,this ,trojan 
prince was ,paris1 who1 seeing ,helen1  
had forgotten ,oenone1 and could think  
of nothing but her whom ,venus had given
 him4  ,then1 through all ,greece and   
all the islands1 went forth the summons 
of ,king ,menelaus1 reminding the thirty
 princes of their great oath3 and each  
and all of them1 and many more1 came to 
the gathering-place with all their ships
 and all their men1 to help ,menelaus   
and to bring back ,helen4 ,such a host  
as gathered together at ,aulis had never

 been seen since the world began2 there 
were nearly twelve hundred ships and    
more than a hundred thousand men3 it was
 the first time that all the ,greeks    
joined together in one cause4 ,there1   
besides those who had come for their    
oath's sake1 were ,nestor1 the old ,king
 of ,pylos--so old that he remembered   
,jason and the ,golden ,fleece1 but1 at 
ninety years old1 as ready for battle as
 the youngest there2 and ,achilles1 the 
son of ,peleus and ,thetis1 scarcely    
more than a boy1 but fated to outdo the 
deeds of the bravest of them all4 ,the  
kings and princes elected ,agamemnon1   
,king of ,mycenae and ,argos1 and       
brother of ,menelaus1 to be their       
general-in-chief2 and he forthwith sent 
a herald to ,troy to demand the         
surrender of ,helen4  ,but ,king ,priam 
was indignant that these chiefs of petty
 kingdoms should dare to threaten the   
sacred city of ,troy3 and he replied to 
the demand by a scornful challenge1 and 
by sending out his summons also to his  

friends and allies4 ,and it was as well 
answered as that of ,menelaus had been4 
,there came to his standard ,rhesus1    
with a great army from ,thrace2 and     
,sarpedon1 the greatest king in all     
,asia2 and ,memnon1 king of ,aethiopia1 
with twenty thousand men--the hundred   
thousand ,greeks were not so many as the
 army of ,priam4 ,then ,agamemnon gave  
the order to sail for ,troy3 and ,ate   
laughed aloud1 for her apple had brought
 upon mankind the ,first ,great ,war4   
#bfj          ,the little book of ,old  
,greek ,folk ,stories1 by               
,josephine ,p4 ,peabody1 is especially  
valuable1         not only for its fine 
versions of many of the         more    
interesting myths1 but because it       
supplements the dozen retold by         
,hawthorne in         his ,wonder-,book 
and ,tanglewood ,tales4 ,the         two
 stories that follow are taken from that
         book and are used by permission
 of and by         special arrangement  
with the publishers4                    

7,copyright3 ,houghton ,mifflin ,co41   
,boston47 ,it         is worth noticing 
that the idea of being able         to  
fly through the air successfully is     
found in         a very remote past1 and
 that ,daedalus discarded         his   
invention because of the tragedy related
         below4 ,only a few years since1
 most people         looked upon one who
 tried to work out         practically  
the problem of flying as somewhat       
short mentally4 ,hence the use of such  
efforts         for comic effect as in  
,darius ,green and ,his         ,flying 
,machine 7,no4 #cge74   ,,icarus ,,and  
,,daedalus  ,,josephine ,,preston       
,,peabody  ,among all those mortals who 
grew so wise that they learned the      
secrets of the gods1 none was more      
cunning than ,daedalus4  ,he once built1
 for ,king ,minos of ,crete1 a wonderful
 ,labyrinth of winding ways so cunningly
 tangled up and twisted around that1    
once inside1 you could never find your  
way out again without a magic clue4 ,but

 the king's favor veered with the wind1 
and one day he had his master architect 
imprisoned in a tower4 ,daedalus managed
 to escape from his cell2 but it seemed 
impossible to leave the island1 since   
every ship that came or went was well   
guarded by order of the king4  ,at      
length1 watching the sea gulls in the   
air1--the only creatures that were sure 
of liberty1--he thought of a plan for   
himself and his young son ,icarus1 who  
was captive with him4  ,little by       
little1 he gathered a store of feathers 
great and small4 ,he fastened these     
together with thread1 moulded them in   
with wax1 and so fashioned two great    
wings like those of a bird4 ,when they  
were done1 ,daedalus fitted them to his 
own shoulders1 and after one or two     
efforts1 he found that by waving his    
arms he could winnow the air and cleave 
it1 as a swimmer does the sea4 ,he held 
himself aloft1 wavered this way and that
 with the wind1 and at last1 like a     
great fledgling1 he learned to fly4     

,without delay1 he fell to work on a    
pair of wings for the boy ,icarus1 and  
taught him carefully how to use them1   
bidding him beware of rash adventures   
among the stars4 ,remember1 said the    
father1 never to fly very low or very   
high1 for the fogs about the earth would
 weigh you down1 but the blaze of the   
sun will surely melt your feathers apart
 if you go too near4  ,for ,icarus1     
these cautions went in at one ear and   
out by the other4 ,who could remember to
 be careful when he was to fly for the  
first time8 ,are birds careful8 ,not    
they6 ,and not an idea remained in the  
boy's head but the one joy of escape4   
,the day came1 and the fair wind that   
was to set them free4 ,the father bird  
put on his wings1 and1 while the light  
urged them to be gone1 he waited to see 
that all was well with ,icarus1 for the 
two could not fly hand in hand4 ,up they
 rose1 the boy after his father4 ,the   
hateful ground of ,crete sank beneath   
them2 and the country folk1 who caught a

 glimpse of them when they were high    
above the tree-tops1 took it for a      
vision of the gods1--,apollo1 perhaps1  
with ,cupid after him4  ,at first there 
was a terror in the joy4 ,the wide      
vacancy of the air dazed them1--a glance
 downward made their brains reel4 ,but  
when a great wind filled their wings1   
and ,icarus felt himself sustained1 like
 a halcyon-bird in the hollow of a wave1
 like a child uplifted by his mother1 he
 forgot everything in the world but joy4
 ,he forgot ,crete and the other islands
 that he had passed over3 he saw but    
vaguely that winged thing in the        
distance before him that was his father 
,daedalus4 ,he longed for one draught of
 flight to quench the thirst of his     
captivity3 he stretched out his arms to 
the sky and made towards the highest    
heavens4  ,alas for him6 ,warmer and    
warmer grew the air4 ,those arms1 that  
had seemed to uphold him1 relaxed4 ,his 
wings wavered1 drooped4 ,he fluttered   
his young hands vainly1--he was         

falling1--and in that terror he         
remembered4 ,the heat of the sun had    
melted the wax from his wings2 the      
feathers were falling1 one by one1 like 
snowflakes2 and there was none to help4 
,he fell like a leaf tossed down the    
wind1 down1 down1 with one cry that     
overtook ,daedalus far away4 ,when he   
returned1 and sought high and low for   
the poor boy1 he saw nothing but the    
bird-like feathers afloat on the water1 
and he knew that ,icarus was drowned4   
,the nearest island he named ,icaria1 in
 memory of the child2 but he1 in heavy  
grief1 went to the temple of ,apollo in 
,sicily1 and there hung up his wings as 
an offering4 ,never again did he attempt
 to fly4    #bfa          ,this story of
 how ,apollo1 god of music and          
poetry1 was sent to earth for a space to
 serve         a mortal is also from    
,old ,greek ,folk ,stories1         by  
arrangement with the publishers4        
7,houghton         ,mifflin ,co41       
,boston47 ,james ,russell ,lowell       

wrote a very fine poetic treatment of   
this same         story in ,the         
,shepherd of ,king ,admetus 7,no4       
#cgc74   ,,admetus ,,and ,,the          
,,shepherd  ,,josephine ,,preston       
,,peabody  ,apollo did not live always  
free of care1 though he was the most    
glorious of the gods4 ,one day1 in anger
 with the ,cyclopes who work at the     
forges of ,vulcan1 he sent his arrows   
after them1 to the wrath of all the     
gods1 but especially of ,zeus4 7,for the
 ,cyclopes always make his thunderbolts1
 and make them well47 ,even the divine  
archer could not go unpunished1 and as a
 penalty he was sent to serve some      
mortal for a year4 ,some say one year   
and some say nine1 but in those days    
time passed quickly2 and as for the     
gods1 they took no heed of it4  ,now    
there was a certain king in ,thessaly1  
,admetus by name1 and there came to him 
one day a stranger1 who asked leave to  
serve about the palace4 ,none knew his  
name1 but he was very comely1 and       

moreover1 when they questioned him he   
said that he had come from a position of
 high trust4 ,so without further delay  
they made him chief shepherd of the     
royal flocks4  ,every day thereafter1 he
 drove his sheep to the banks of the    
river ,amphrysus1 and there he sat to   
watch them browse4 ,the country folk    
that passed drew near to wonder at him1 
without daring to ask questions4 ,he    
seemed to have a knowledge of           
leech-craft1 and knew how to cure the   
ills of any wayfarer with any weed that 
grew near by2 and he would pipe for     
hours in the sun4 ,a simple-spoken man  
he was1 yet he seemed to know much more 
than he would say1 and he smiled with a 
kindly mirth when the people wished him 
sunny weather4  ,indeed1 as days went   
by1 it seemed as if summer had come to  
stay1 and1 like the shepherd1 found the 
place friendly4 ,nowhere else were the  
flocks so white and fair to see1 like   
clouds loitering along a bright sky2 and
 sometimes1 when he chose1 their keeper 

sang to them4 ,then the grasshoppers    
drew near and the swans sailed close to 
the river banks1 and the countrymen     
gathered about to hear wonderful tales  
of the slaying of the monster ,python1  
and of a king with ass's ears1 and of a 
lovely maiden1 ,daphne1 who grew into a 
laurel-tree4 ,in time the rumor of these
 things drew the king himself to listen2
 and ,admetus1 who had been to see the  
world in the ship ,argo1 knew at once   
that this was no earthly shepherd1 but a
 god4 ,from that day1 like a true king1 
he treated his guest with reverence and 
friendliness1 asking no questions2 and  
the god was well pleased4  ,now it came 
to pass that ,admetus fell in love with 
a beautiful maiden1 ,alcestis1 and1     
because of the strange condition that   
her father ,pelias had laid upon all    
suitors1 he was heavy-hearted4 ,only    
that man who should come to woo her in a
 chariot drawn by a wild boar and a lion
 might ever marry ,alcestis2 and this   
task was enough to puzzle even a king4  

,as for the shepherd1 when he heard of  
it he rose1 one fine morning1 and left  
the sheep and went his way1--no one knew
 whither4 ,if the sun had gone out1 the 
people could not have been more         
dismayed4 ,the king himself went1 late  
in the day1 to walk by the river        
,amphrysus1 and wonder if his gracious  
keeper of the flocks had deserted him in
 a time of need4 ,but at that very      
moment1 whom should he see returning    
from the woods but the shepherd1        
glorious as sunset1 and leading side by 
side a lion and a boar1 as gentle as two
 sheep6 ,the very next morning1 with joy
 and gratitude1 ,admetus set out in his 
chariot for the kingdom of ,pelias1 and 
there he wooed and won ,alcestis1 the   
most loving wife that was ever heard of4
  ,it was well for ,admetus that he came
 home with such a comrade1 for the year 
was at an end1 and he was to lose his   
shepherd4 ,the strange man came to take 
leave of the king and queen whom he had 
befriended4  ,blessed be your flocks1   

,admetus1 he said1 smiling4 ,they shall 
prosper even though ,i leave them4 ,and1
 because you can discern the gods that  
come to you in the guise of wayfarers1  
happiness shall never go far from your  
home1 but ever return to be your guest4 
,no man may live on earth forever1 but  
this one gift have ,i obtained for you4 
,when your last hour draws near1 if any 
one shall be willing to meet it in your 
stead1 he shall die1 and you shall live 
on1 more than the mortal length of days4
 ,such kings deserve long life4  ,so    
ended the happy year when ,apollo tended
 sheep4    #bfb          ,this version  
of the ,midas story is taken from       
,bulfinch's ,age of ,fable1 which is    
still one         of the most valuable  
and interesting handbooks         in its
 field4 ,one who wishes simply good     
versions of the old myths without any of
 the         apparatus of scholarship   
will find ,bulfinch         excellent4  
,it serves well for younger or          
general readers who would be worried by 

references or interpretations4          
,hawthorne's         version of this    
favorite myth may be found in           
his ,wonder-,book as ,the ,golden       
,touch4   ,,midas  ,bacchus1 on a       
certain occasion1 found his old         
schoolmaster and foster-father1         
,silenus1 missing4 ,the old man had been
 drinking1 and in that state had        
wandered away1 and was found by some    
peasants1 who carried him to their king1
 ,midas4 ,midas recognized him and      
treated him hospitably1 entertaining him
 for ten days and nights with an        
unceasing round of jollity4 ,on the     
eleventh day he brought ,silenus back1  
and restored him in safety to his pupil4
 ,whereupon ,bacchus offered ,midas his 
choice of whatever reward he might wish4
 ,he asked that whatever he might touch 
should be changed into gold4 ,bacchus   
consented1 though sorry that he had not 
made a better choice4  ,midas went his  
way1 rejoicing in his newly acquired    
power1 which he hastened to put to the  

test4 ,he could scarce believe his eyes 
when he found that a twig of an oak1    
which he plucked from the branch1 became
 gold in his hand4 ,he took up a        
stone--it changed to gold4 ,he touched a
 sod--it did the same4 ,he took an apple
 from the tree--you would have thought  
he had robbed the garden of the         
,hesperides4 ,his joy knew no bounds1   
and as soon as he got home1 he ordered  
the servants to set a splendid repast on
 the table4 ,then he found to his dismay
 that whether he touched bread1 it      
hardened in his hand2 or put a morsel to
 his lips1 it defied his teeth4 ,he took
 a glass of wine1 but it flowed down his
 throat like melted gold4  ,in          
consternation at the unprecedented      
affliction1 he strove to divest himself 
of his power2 he hated the gift he had  
lately coveted4 ,but all in vain2       
starvation seemed to await him4 ,he     
raised his arms1 all shining with gold1 
in prayer to ,bacchus1 begging to be    
delivered from his glittering           

destruction4 ,bacchus1 merciful deity1  
heard and consented4 ,go1 said he1 to   
the ,river ,pactolus1 trace the stream  
to its fountain-head1 there plunge in   
your head and body and wash away your   
fault and its punishment4 ,he did so1   
and scarce had he touched the waters    
before the gold-creating power passed   
into them1 and the river sands became   
changed into gold1 as they remain to    
this day4  ,thenceforth ,midas1 hating  
wealth and splendor1 dwelt in the       
country and became a worshipper of ,pan1
 the god of the fields4 ,on a certain   
occasion ,pan had the temerity to       
compare his music with that of ,apollo1 
and to challenge the god of the lyre to 
a trial of skill4 ,the challenge was    
accepted2 and ,tmolus1 the mountain-god1
 was chosen umpire4 ,tmolus took his    
seat and cleared away the trees from his
 ears to listen4 ,at a given signal ,pan
 blew on his pipes1 and with his rustic 
melody gave great satisfaction to       
himself and his faithful follower       

,midas1 who happened to be present4     
,then ,tmolus turned his head toward the
 sun-god1 and all his trees turned with 
him4 ,apollo rose1 his brow wreathed    
with ,parnassian laurel1 while his robe 
of ,tyrian purple swept the ground4 ,in 
his left hand he held the lyre1 and with
 his right hand struck the strings4     
,ravished with the harmony1 ,tmolus at  
once awarded the victory to the god of  
the lyre1 and all but ,midas acquiesced 
in the judgment4 ,he dissented1 and     
questioned the justice of the award4    
,apollo would not suffer such a depraved
 pair of ears any longer to wear the    
human form1 but caused them to increase 
in length1 grow hairy within and        
without1 and to become movable on their 
roots2 in short1 to be on the perfect   
pattern of those of an ass4  ,mortified 
enough was ,king ,midas at this mishap2 
but he consoled himself with the thought
 that it was possible to hide his       
misfortune1 which he attempted to do by 
means of an ample turban or headdress4  

,but his hairdresser of course knew the 
secret4 ,he was charged not to mention  
it1 and threatened with dire punishment 
if he presumed to disobey4 ,but he found
 it too much for his discretion to keep 
such a secret2 so he went out into the  
meadow1 dug a hole in the ground1 and   
stooping down1 whispered the story1 and 
covered it up4 ,before long a thick bed 
of reeds sprang up in the meadow1 and as
 soon as it had gained its growth1 began
 whispering the story1 and has continued
 to do so1 from that day to this1 with  
every breeze which passes over the      
place4    #bfc          ,the story of   
,phaethon is taken by permission        
from ,gayley's ,classic ,myths in       
,english         ,literature and ,art4  
7,copyright4 ,ginn  ,co41               
,boston47 ,gayley is by all odds the one
 handbook         for the whole field of
 mythology that teachers         should 
always have access to4 ,based upon the  
older ,bulfinch1 it brings the whole    
subject up         to date and reflects 

all the results of later                
scholarship on the matters of origins   
and         interpretations4 ,its       
bibliographies and         extended     
commentaries make it invaluable4 ,the   
story of ,phaethon is usually thought of
 as a         warning against           
presumption1 conceit1 whim1             
self-will4 ,it was probably invented in 
the         first place to account for  
the extremely hot         weather of the
 summer months4   ,,phaethon  ,,charles 
,,mills ,,gayley  ,phaethon was the son 
of ,apollo and the nymph ,clymene4 ,one 
day ,epaphus1 the son of ,jupiter and   
,io1 scoffed at the idea of ,phaethon's 
being the son of a god4 ,phaethon       
complained of the insult to his mother  
,clymene4 ,she sent him to ,phoebus to  
ask for himself whether he had not been 
truly informed concerning his parentage4
 ,gladly ,phaethon traveled toward the  
regions of sunrise and gained at last   
the palace of the sun4 ,he approached   
his father's presence1 but stopped at a 

distance1 for the light was more than he
 could bear4  ,phoebus ,apollo1 arrayed 
in purple1 sat on a throne that         
glittered with diamonds4 ,beside him    
stood the ,day1 the ,month1 the ,year1  
the ,hours1 and the ,seasons4           
,surrounded by these attendants1 the    
,sun beheld the youth dazzled with the  
novelty and splendor of the scene1 and  
inquired the purpose of his errand4 ,the
 youth replied1 ,oh1 light of the       
boundless world1 ,phoebus1 my father--if
 thou dost yield me that name--give me  
some proof1 ,i beseech thee1 by which ,i
 may be known as thine6  ,he ceased4    
,his father1 laying aside the beams that
 shone around his head1 bade him        
approach1 embraced him1 owned him for   
his son1 and swore by the river ,styx   
that whatever proof he might ask should 
be granted4 ,phaethon immediately asked 
to be permitted for one day to drive the
 chariot of the sun4 ,the father        
repented of his promise and tried to    
dissuade the boy by telling him the     

perils of the undertaking4 ,none but    
myself1 he said1 may drive the flaming  
car of day4 ,not even ,jupiter1 whose   
terrible right arm hurls the            
thunderbolts4 ,the first part of the way
 is steep and such as the horses when   
fresh in the morning can hardly climb2  
the middle is high up in the heavens1   
whence ,i myself can scarcely1 without  
alarm1 look down and behold the earth   
and sea stretched beneath me4 ,the last 
part of the road descends rapidly and   
requires most careful driving4 ,tethys1 
who is waiting to receive me1 often     
trembles for me lest ,i should fall     
headlong4 ,add to this that the heaven  
is all the time turning round and       
carrying the stars with it4 ,couldst    
thou keep thy course while the sphere   
revolved beneath thee8 ,the road1 also1 
is through the midst of frightful       
monsters4 ,thou must pass by the horns  
of the ,bull1 in front of the ,archer1  
and near the ,lion's jaws1 and where the
 ,scorpion stretches its arms in one    

direction and the ,crab in another4 ,nor
 wilt thou find it easy to guide those  
horses1 with their breasts full of fire 
that they breathe forth from their      
mouths and nostrils4 ,beware1 my son1   
lest ,i be the donor of a fatal gift2   
recall the request while yet thou canst4
 ,he ended2 but the youth rejected      
admonition and held to his demand4 ,so1 
having resisted as long as he might1    
,phoebus at last led the way to where   
stood the lofty chariot4  ,it was of    
gold1 the gift of ,vulcan1--the axle of 
gold1 the pole and wheels of gold1 the  
spokes of silver4 ,along the seat were  
rows of chrysolites and diamonds1       
reflecting the brightness of the sun4   
,while the daring youth gazed in        
admiration1 the early ,dawn threw open  
the purple doors of the east and showed 
the pathway strewn with roses4 ,the     
stars withdrew1 marshaled by the        
,daystar1 which last of all retired     
also4 ,the father1 when he saw the earth
 beginning to glow and the ,moon        

preparing to retire1 ordered the ,hours 
to harness up the horses4 ,they led     
forth from the lofty stalls the steeds  
full fed with ambrosia1 and attached the
 reins4 ,then the father1 smearing the  
face of his son with a powerful unguent1
 made him capable of enduring the       
brightness of the flame4 ,he set the    
rays on the lad's head1 and1 with a     
foreboding sigh1 told him to spare the  
whip and hold tight the reins2 not to   
take the straight road between the five 
circles1 but to turn off to the left2 to
 keep within the limit of the middle    
zone and avoid the northern and the     
southern alike2 finally1 to keep in the 
well-worn ruts and to drive neither too 
high nor too low1 for the middle course 
was safest and best4  ,forthwith the    
agile youth sprang into the chariot1    
stood erect1 and grasped the reins with 
delight1 pouring out thanks to his      
reluctant parent4 ,but the steeds soon  
perceived that the load they drew was   
lighter than usual2 and as a ship       

without its accustomed weight1 was      
dashed about as if empty4 ,the horses   
rushed headlong and left the traveled   
road4 ,then1 for the first time1 the    
,great and ,little ,bears were scorched 
with heat1 and would fain1 if it were   
possible1 have plunged into the water2  
and the ,serpent which lies coiled round
 the north pole1 torpid and harmless1   
grew warm1 and with warmth felt its rage
 revive4 ,booetes1 they say1 fled away1 
though encumbered with his plow and     
unused to rapid motion4  ,when hapless  
,phaethon looked down upon the earth1   
now spreading in vast extent beneath    
him1 he grew pale1 and his knees shook  
with terror4 ,he lost his self-command  
and knew not whether to draw tight the  
reins or throw them loose2 he forgot the
 names of the horses4 ,but when he      
beheld the monstrous forms scattered    
over the surface of heaven1--the        
,scorpion extending two great arms1 his 
tail1 and his crooked claws over the    
space of two signs of the zodiac1--when 

the boy beheld him1 reeking with poison 
and menacing with fangs1 his courage    
failed1 and the reins fell from his     
hands4 ,the horses1 unrestrained1 went  
off into unknown regions of the sky in  
among the stars1 hurling the chariot    
over pathless places1 now up in high    
heaven1 now down almost to the earth4   
,the moon saw with astonishment her     
brother's chariot running beneath her   
own4 ,the clouds began to smoke4 ,the   
forest-clad mountains burned1--,athos   
and ,taurus and ,tmolus and ,oete2 ,ida1
 once celebrated for fountains2 the     
,muses' mountain ,helicon1 and ,haemus2 
,aetna1 with fires within and without1  
and ,parnassus1 with his two peaks1 and 
,rhodope1 forced at last to part with   
his snowy crown4 ,her cold climate was  
no protection to ,scythia2 ,caucasus    
burned1 and ,ossa and ,pindus1 and1     
greater than both1 ,olympus1--the ,alps 
high in air1 and the ,apennines crowned 
with clouds4  ,phaethon beheld the world
 on fire and felt the heat intolerable4 

,then1 too1 it is said1 the people of   
,aethiopia became black because the     
blood was called by the heat so suddenly
 to the surface2 and the ,libyan desert 
was dried up to the condition in which  
it remains to this day4 ,the ,nymphs of 
the fountains1 with disheveled hair1    
mourned their waters1 nor were the      
rivers safe beneath their banks2 ,tanais
 smoked1 and ,caicus1 ,xanthus1 and     
,maeander2 ,babylonian ,euphrates and   
,ganges1 ,tagus1 with golden sands1 and 
,cayster1 where the swans resort4 ,nile 
fled away and hid his head in the       
desert1 and there it still remains      
concealed4 ,where he used to discharge  
his waters through seven mouths into the
 sea1 seven dry channels alone remained4
 ,the earth cracked open and through the
 chinks light broke into ,tartarus and  
frightened the king of shadows and his  
queen4 ,the sea shrank up4 ,even ,nereus
 and his wife ,doris with the ,nereids1 
their daughters1 sought the deepest     
caves for refuge4 ,thrice ,neptune      

essayed to raise his head above the     
surface and thrice was driven back by   
the heat4 ,earth1 surrounded as she was 
by waters1 yet with head and shoulders  
bare1 screening her face with her hand1 
looked up to heaven1 and with husky     
voice prayed ,jupiter1 if it were his   
will that she should perish by fire1 to 
end her agony at once by his            
thunderbolts1 or else to consider his   
own ,heaven1 how both the poles were    
smoking that sustained his palace1 and  
that all must fall if they were         
destroyed4  ,earth1 overcome with heat  
and thirst1 could say no more4 ,then    
,jupiter1 calling the gods to witness   
that all was lost unless some speedy    
remedy were applied1 thundered1         
brandished a lightning bolt in his right
 hand1 launched it against the          
charioteer1 and struck him at the same  
moment from his seat and from existence4
 ,phaethon1 with his hair on fire1 fell 
headlong1 like a shooting star which    
marks the heavens with its brightness as

 it falls1 and ,eridanus1 the great     
river1 received him and cooled his      
burning frame4 ,his sisters1 the        
,heliades1 as they lamented his fate1   
were turned into poplar trees on the    
banks of the river2 and their tears1    
which continued to flow1 became amber as
 they dropped into the stream4 ,the     
,italian ,naiads reared a tomb for him  
and inscribed these words upon the      
stone3          ,driver of ,phoebus'    
chariot1 ,phaethon1         ,struck by  
,jove's thunder1 rests beneath this     
stone4         ,he could not rule his   
father's car of fire1         ,yet was  
it much so nobly to aspire4         99  
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,norse myths originated among peoples   
who lived in the country which is now   
,norway1 ,sweden1 ,denmark1 and         
,iceland4 ,in these lands of the ,north1
 winter is long and dark1 and the       
intense cold is not easily endured2 but 
summer brings sunshine1 warmth1 and     
happiness4 ,it is not strange1          

therefore1 that the evil spirits of     
,norse mythology should be represented  
as huge frost giants and mountain       
giants4 ,these giants1 or ,jotuns1 were 
first formed from the mist that came    
from fields of ice4 ,they lived in a    
dreary country called ,joetunheim1 and  
were enemies of the gods1 who lived in  
the bright1 beautiful city of ,asgard4  
,to live the life of the old ,norse folk
 required strength and courage1 for the 
little boats in which they went to fish 
were too small for storm-tossed ,arctic 
seas1 and the weapons with which they   
hunted in the cold1 lonely forests were 
primitive4 ,it is but natural1          
therefore1 that they should have        
idealized strength and courage and that 
they should have represented the gods of
 ,asgard as being large1 strong1 and    
courageous4 ,although ,thor1 the eldest 
son of ,odin1 was small in comparison   
with the giants1 we are told in one of  
the myths that he was a mile in height2 
also he had great strength and a        

wonderful hammer1 called ,mjolmer1 with 
which he always defeated the giants and 
kept them from ,asgard4 ,thunder was    
caused by the stroke of ,thor's hammer2 
hence ,thor was called the ,thunderer4  
,the spiritual ideals in ,norse         
mythology are more important than the   
physical ideals4 ,the long1 cold winter 
nights kept the ,norse folk at home2    
hence they had a love for home and      
family relations and a respect for women
 that may not be found revealed in the  
mythology of ,greece4 ,wisdom and       
judgment1 too1 were more essential than 
craft and fraud in encountering the     
hardships of their life2 therefore they 
represented ,odin1 the supreme god of   
,asgard1 as being the god of wisdom4    
,the gods of ,greek mythology often used
 craft and fraud to accomplish their    
purposes1 but only ,loke among the      
inhabitants of ,asgard relied upon      
deception4 ,loke was descended from the 
giants1 but was also related to the     
gods2 so he was permitted to live in    

,asgard4 ,it is significant of the      
spirit of the ,norse folk that the gods 
did not trust ,loke and came to regard  
him as their enemy2 and it was he who   
finally brought misfortune to the gods4 
#bfd          ,this story of ,thor's    
visit to the land of the         giants 
is taken from ,bulfinch4 ,it deals with 
one of the favorite sections of ,norse  
mythology1 satisfying1 as it does1 the  
listeners' demand for courageous        
struggle         against great and      
mysterious forces4 ,the use of          
illusion by the giant forces of evil as 
a         method of defeating the       
open-minded forces of         truth is  
strikingly exemplified in the various   
contests staged at ,joetunheim4         
,,thor',s ,,visit ,,to                  
,j,oe,t,u,n,h,e,i,m  ,one day the god   
,thor1 with his servant ,thialfi1 and   
accompanied by ,loki1 set out on a      
journey to the giants' country4 ,thialfi
 was of all men the swiftest of foot4   
,he bore ,thor's wallet1 containing     

their provisions4 ,when night came on   
they found themselves in an immense     
forest1 and searched on all sides for a 
place where they might pass the night1  
and at last came to a very large hall1  
with an entrance that took the whole    
breadth of one end of the building4     
,here they lay down to sleep1 but       
towards midnight were alarmed by an     
earthquake which shook the whole        
edifice4 ,thor1 rising up1 called on his
 companions to seek with him a place of 
safety4 ,on the right they found an     
adjoining chamber1 into which the others
 entered1 but ,thor remained at the     
doorway with his mallet in his hand1    
prepared to defend himself1 whatever    
might happen4 ,a terrible groaning was  
heard during the night1 and at dawn of  
day ,thor went out and found lying near 
him a huge giant1 who slept and snored  
in the way that had alarmed them so4 ,it
 is said that for once ,thor was afraid 
to use his mallet1 and as the giant soon
 waked up1 ,thor contented himself with 

simply asking his name4  ,my name is    
,skrymir1 said the giant1 but ,i need   
not ask thy name1 for ,i know that thou 
art the god ,thor4 ,but what has become 
of my glove8 ,thor then perceived that  
what they had taken overnight for a hall
 was the giant's glove1 and the chamber 
where his two companions had sought     
refuge was the thumb4 ,skrymir then     
proposed that they should travel in     
company1 and ,thor consenting1 they sat 
down to eat their breakfast1 and when   
they had done1 ,skrymir packed all the  
provisions into one wallet1 threw it    
over his shoulder1 and strode on before 
them1 taking such tremendous strides    
that they were hard put to it to keep up
 with him4 ,so they traveled the whole  
day1 and at dusk ,skrymir chose a place 
for them to pass the night in under a   
large oak tree4 ,skrymir then told them 
he would lie down to sleep4 ,but take ye
 the wallet1 he added1 and prepare your 
supper4  ,skrymir soon fell asleep and  
began to snore strongly2 but when ,thor 

tried to open the wallet1 he found the  
giant had tied it up so tight he could  
not untie a single knot4 ,at last ,thor 
became wroth1 and grasping his mallet   
with both hands he struck a furious blow
 on the giant's head4 ,skrymir1         
awakening1 merely asked whether a leaf  
had not fallen on his head1 and whether 
they had supped and were ready to go to 
sleep4 ,thor answered that they were    
just going to sleep1 and so saying went 
and laid himself down under another     
tree4 ,but sleep came not that night to 
,thor1 and when ,skrymir snored again so
 loud that the forest reechoed with the 
noise1 he arose1 and grasping his mallet
 launched it with such force at the     
giant's skull that it made a deep dint  
in it4 ,skrymir1 awakening1 cried out1  
,what's the matter8 ,are there any birds
 perched on this tree8 ,i felt some moss
 from the branches fall on my head4 ,how
 fares it with thee ,thor8 ,but ,thor   
went away hastily1 saying that he had   
just then awoke1 and that as it was only

 midnight1 there was still time for     
sleep4 ,he1 however1 resolved that if he
 had an opportunity of striking a third 
blow1 it should settle all matters      
between them4  ,a little before daybreak
 he perceived that ,skrymir was again   
fast asleep1 and again grasping his     
mallet1 he dashed it with such violence 
that it forced its way into the giant's 
skull up to the handle4 ,but ,skrymir   
sat up1 and stroking his cheek said1 ,an
 acorn fell on my head4 ,what6 ,art thou
 awake1 ,thor8 ,methinks it is time for 
us to get up and dress ourselves2 but   
you have not now a long way before you  
to the city called ,utgard4 ,i have     
heard you whispering to one another that
 ,i am not a man of small dimensions2   
but if you come to ,utgard you will see 
there many men much taller than ,i4     
,wherefore1 ,i advise you1 when you come
 there1 not to make too much of         
yourselves1 for the followers of        
,utgard-,loki will not brook the        
boasting of such little fellows as you  

are4 ,you must take the road that leads 
eastward1 mine lies northward1 so we    
must part here4  ,hereupon he threw his 
wallet over his shoulders and turned    
away from them into the forest1 and     
,thor had no wish to stop him or to ask 
for any more of his company4  ,thor and 
his companions proceeded on their way1  
and towards noon descried a city        
standing in the middle of a plain4 ,it  
was so lofty that they were obliged to  
bend their necks quite back on their    
shoulders in order to see to the top of 
it4 ,on arriving they entered the city1 
and seeing a large palace before them   
with the door wide open1 they went in1  
and found a number of men of prodigious 
stature1 sitting on benches in the hall4
 ,going further1 they came before the   
king1 ,utgard-,loki1 whom they saluted  
with great respect4 ,the king1 regarding
 them with a scornful smile1 said1 ,if  
,i do not mistake me1 that stripling    
yonder must be the god ,thor4 ,then     
addressing himself to ,thor1 he said1   

,perhaps thou mayst be more than thou   
appearest to be4 ,what are the feats    
that thou and thy fellows deem          
yourselves skilled in1 for no one is    
permitted to remain here who does not1  
in some feat or other1 excel all other  
men8  ,the feat that ,i know1 said      
,loki1 is to eat quicker than any one   
else1 and in this ,i am ready to give a 
proof against any one here who may      
choose to compete with me4  ,that will  
indeed be a feat1 said ,utgard-,loki1 if
 thou performest what thou promisest1   
and it shall be tried forthwith4  ,he   
then ordered one of his men who was     
sitting at the farther end of the bench1
 and whose name was ,logi1 to come      
forward and try his skill with ,loki4 ,a
 trough filled with meat having been set
 on the hall floor1 ,loki placed himself
 at one end1 and ,logi at the other1 and
 each of them began to eat as fast as he
 could1 until they met in the middle of 
the trough4 ,but it was found that ,loki
 had only eaten the flesh1 while his    

adversary had devoured both flesh and   
bone1 and the trough to boot4 ,all the  
company therefore adjudged that ,loki   
was vanquished4  ,utgard-,loki then     
asked what feat the young man who       
accompanied ,thor could perform4        
,thialfi answered that he would run a   
race with any one who might be matched  
against him4 ,the king observed that    
skill in running was something to boast 
of1 but if the youth would win the match
 he must display great agility4 ,he then
 arose and went with all who were       
present to a plain where there was good 
ground for running on1 and calling a    
young man named ,hugi1 bade him run a   
match with ,thialfi4 ,in the first      
course ,hugi so much outstripped his    
competitor that he turned back and met  
him not far from the starting place4    
,then they ran a second and a third     
time1 but ,thialfi met with no better   
success4  ,utgard-,loki then asked ,thor
 in what feats he would choose to give  
proofs of that prowess for which he was 

so famous4 ,thor answered that he would 
try a drinking-match with any one4      
,utgard-,loki bade his cup-bearer bring 
the large horn which his followers were 
obliged to empty when they had          
trespassed in any way against the law of
 the feast4 ,the cup-bearer having      
presented it to ,thor1 ,utgard-,loki    
said1 ,whoever is a good drinker will   
empty that horn at a single draught1    
though most men make two of it1 but the 
most puny drinker can do it in three4   
,thor looked at the horn1 which seemed  
of no extraordinary size though somewhat
 long2 however1 as he was very thirsty1 
he set it to his lips1 and without      
drawing breath1 pulled as long and as   
deeply as he could1 that he might not be
 obliged to make a second draught of it2
 but when he set the horn down and      
looked in1 he could scarcely perceive   
that the liquor was diminished4  ,after 
taking breath1 ,thor went to it again   
with all his might1 but when he took the
 horn from his mouth1 it seemed to him  

that he had drunk rather less than      
before1 although the horn could now be  
carried without spilling4  ,how now1    
,thor8 said ,utgard-,loki2 thou must not
 spare thyself4 ,if thou meanest to     
drain the horn at the third draught thou
 must pull deeply2 and ,i must needs say
 that thou wilt not be called so mighty 
a man here as thou art at home if thou  
showest no greater prowess in other     
feats than methinks will be shown in    
this4  ,thor1 full of wrath1 again set  
the horn to his lips and did his best to
 empty it2 but on looking in found the  
liquor was only a little lower1 so he   
resolved to make no further attempt1 but
 gave back the horn to the cup-bearer4  
,i now see plainly1 said ,utgard-,loki1 
that thou art not quite so stout as we  
thought thee2 but wilt thou try any     
other feat1 though methinks thou art not
 likely to bear any prize away with thee
 hence8  ,what new trial hast thou to   
propose8 said ,thor4  ,we have a very   
trifling game here1 answered            

,utgard-,loki1 in which we exercise none
 but children4 ,it consists in merely   
lifting my cat from the ground2 nor     
should ,i have dared to mention such a  
feat to the great ,thor if ,i had not   
already observed that thou art by no    
means what we took thee for4  ,as he    
finished speaking1 a large gray cat     
sprang on the hall floor4 ,thor put his 
hand under the cat's belly and did his  
utmost to raise him from the floor1 but 
the cat1 bending his back1 had1         
notwithstanding all ,thor's efforts1    
only one of his feet lifted up1 seeing  
which ,thor made no further attempt4    
,this trial has turned out1 said        
,utgard-,loki1 just as ,i imagined it   
would4 ,the cat is large1 but ,thor is  
little in comparison to our men4        
,little as ye call me1 answered ,thor1  
let me see who among you will come      
hither now ,i am in wrath and wrestle   
with me4  ,i see no one here1 said      
,utgard-,loki1 looking at the men       
sitting on the benches1 who would not   

think it beneath him to wrestle with    
thee2 let somebody1 however1 call hither
 that old crone1 my nurse ,elli1 and let
 ,thor wrestle with her if he will4 ,she
 has thrown to the ground many a man not
 less strong than this ,thor is4  ,a    
toothless old woman then entered the    
hall1 and was told by ,utgard-,loki to  
take hold of ,thor4 ,the tale is shortly
 told4 ,the more ,thor tightened his    
hold on the crone the firmer she stood4 
,at length after a very violent struggle
 ,thor began to lose his footing1 and   
was finally brought down upon one knee4 
,utgard-,loki then told them to desist1 
adding that ,thor had now no occasion to
 ask any one else in the hall to wrestle
 with him1 and it was also getting late2
 so he showed ,thor and his companions  
to their seats1 and they passed the     
night there in good cheer4  ,the next   
morning1 at break of day1 ,thor and his 
companions dressed themselves and       
prepared for their departure4           
,utgard-,loki ordered a table to be set 

for them1 on which there was no lack of 
victuals or drink4 ,after the repast    
,utgard-,loki led them to the gate of   
the city1 and on parting asked ,thor how
 he thought his journey had turned out1 
and whether he had met with any men     
stronger than himself4 ,thor told him   
that he could not deny but that he had  
brought great shame on himself4 ,and    
what grieves me most1 he added1 is that 
ye will call me a person of little      
worth4  ,nay1 said ,utgard-,loki1 it    
behooves me to tell thee the truth1 now 
thou art out of the city1 which so long 
as ,i live and have my way thou shalt   
never enter again4 ,and1 by my troth1   
had ,i known beforehand that thou hadst 
so much strength in thee1 and wouldst   
have brought me so near to a great      
mishap1 ,i would not have suffered thee 
to enter this time4 ,know then that ,i  
have all along deceived thee by my      
illusions2 first in the forest1 where ,i
 tied up the wallet with iron wire so   
that thou couldst not untie it4 ,after  

this thou gavest me three blows with thy
 mallet2 the first1 though the least1   
would have ended my days had it fallen  
on me1 but ,i slipped aside and thy     
blows fell on the mountain1 where thou  
wilt find three glens1 one of them      
remarkably deep4 ,these are the dints   
made by thy mallet4 ,i have made use of 
similar illusions in the contests you   
have had with my followers4 ,in the     
first1 ,loki1 like hunger itself1       
devoured all that was set before him1   
but ,logi was in reality nothing else   
than ,fire1 and therefore consumed not  
only the meat1 but the trough which held
 it4 ,hugi1 with whom ,thialfi contended
 in running1 was ,thought1 and it was   
impossible for ,thialfi to keep pace    
with that4 ,when thou in thy turn didst 
attempt to empty the horn1 thou didst   
perform1 by my troth1 a deed so         
marvelous that had ,i not seen it myself
 ,i should never have believed it4 ,for 
one end of that horn reached the sea1   
which thou wast not aware of1 but when  

thou comest to the shore thou wilt      
perceive how much the sea has sunk by   
thy draughts4 ,thou didst perform a feat
 no less wonderful by lifting up the    
cat1 and to tell thee the truth1 when we
 saw that one of his paws was off the   
floor1 we were all of us                
terror-stricken1 for what thou tookest  
for a cat was in reality the ,midgard   
serpent that encompasseth the earth1 and
 he was so stretched by thee that he was
 barely long enough to enclose it       
between his head and tail4 ,thy         
wrestling with ,elli was also a most    
astonishing feat1 for there was never   
yet a man1 nor ever will be1 whom ,old  
,age1 for such in fact was ,elli1 will  
not sooner or later lay low4 ,but now1  
as we are going to part1 let me tell    
thee that it will be better for both of 
us if thou never come near me again1 for
 shouldst thou do so1 ,i shall again    
defend myself by other illusions1 so    
that thou wilt only lose thy labor and  
get no fame from the contest with me4   

,on hearing these words ,thor in a rage 
laid hold of his mallet and would have  
launched it at him1 but ,utgard-,loki   
had disappeared1 and when ,thor would   
have returned to the city to destroy it1
 he found nothing around him but a      
verdant plain4    #bfe          ,one of 
the very best sources for the stories of
         ,norse mythology is the little 
book called         ,norse ,stories1 by 
,hamilton ,wright ,mabie                
7#ahdf-aiaf74 7,edited by ,katherine    
,lee ,bates1         and published by   
,rand ,mc,nally  ,co41 ,chicago4        
,copyright1 and used here by            
permission47 ,it         reads well as a
 connected story and the                
versions follow closely the originals as
 found         in the ancient ,eddas4   
,in his introduction ,mr4         ,mabie
 comments upon those who made these     
stories1 in language that suggests      
something of         the value of the   
stories to us3 ,they thought         of 
life as a tremendous fight1 and they    

wanted         to acquit themselves like
 men2 enduring         hardship without 
repining1 doing hard work               
honestly and with a whole heart1 and    
dying with         their faces toward   
their foes4 ,their heaven was         a 
place for heroes1 and their gods were   
men of         heroic size and spirit4  
,of the subject of the         following
 myth it has been said1 ,odin had no    
less than two hundred names1 as1 ,father
 of the         ,ages1 ,father of       
,hosts1 ,father of ,victory1 the        
,high ,one1 the ,swift ,one1 the        
,wanderer1         ,long-,beard1        
,burning-,eye1 ,slouchy-,hat4 ,odin is a
         one-eyed god1 because the sky  
has but one sun4         ,his raiment is
 sometimes blue and sometimes           
gray1 as the weather is fair or cloudy4 
,,odin',s ,,search ,,for ,,wisdom       
,,hamilton ,,wright ,,mabie  ,the       
wonderful ash-tree1 ,ygdrasil1 made a   
far-spreading shade against the fierce  
heat of the sun in summer1 and a        

stronghold against the piercing winds of
 winter4 ,no man could remember when it 
had been young4 ,little children played 
under its branches1 grew to be strong   
men and women1 lived to be old and weary
 and feeble1 and died2 and yet the      
ash-tree gave no signs of decay4        
,forever preserving its freshness and   
beauty1 it was to live as long as there 
were men to look upon it1 animals to    
feed under it1 birds to flutter among   
its branches4  ,this mighty ash-tree    
touched and bound all the worlds        
together in its wonderful circle of     
life4 ,one root it sent deep down into  
the sightless depths of ,hel1 where the 
dead lived2 another it fastened firmly  
in ,joetunheim1 the dreary home of the  
giants2 and with the third it grasped   
,midgard1 the dwelling place of men4    
,serpents and all kinds of worms gnawed 
continually at its roots1 but were never
 able to destroy them4 ,its branches    
spread out over the whole earth1 and the
 topmost boughs swayed in the clear air 

of ,asgard itself1 rustling against the 
,valhal1 the home of the heroes who had 
done great deeds or died manfully in    
battle4 ,at the foot of the tree sat the
 three ,norns1 wonderful spinners of    
fate1 who weave the thread of every     
man's life1 making it what they will2   
and a strange weaving it often was1 cut 
off when the pattern was just beginning 
to show itself4 ,and every day these    
,norns sprinkled the tree with the water
 of life from the ,urdar fountain1 and  
so kept it forever green4 ,in the       
topmost branches sat an eagle singing a 
strange song about the birth of the     
world1 its decay and death4 ,under its  
branches browsed all manner of animals2 
among its leaves every kind of bird made
 its nest2 by day the rainbow hung under
 it2 at night the pale northern light   
flashed over it1 and as the winds swept 
through its rustling branches1 the      
multitudinous murmur of the leaves told 
strange stories of the past and of the  
future4  ,the giants were older than the

 gods1 and knew so much more of the past
 that the gods had to go to them for    
wisdom4 ,after a time1 however1 the gods
 became wiser than the giants1 or they  
would have ceased to be gods1 and been  
destroyed by the giants1 instead of     
destroying them4 ,when the world was    
still young1 and there were still many  
things which even the gods had to learn1
 ,odin was so anxious to become wise    
that he went to a deep well whose waters
 touched the roots of ,ygdrasil itself4 
,the keeper of the well was a very old  
and very wise giant1 named ,mimer1 or   
,memory1 and he gave no draughts out of 
the well until he was well paid2 for the
 well contained the water of wisdom1 and
 whoever drank of it became straightway 
wonderfully wise4  ,give me a draught of
 this clear water1 ,o ,mimer1 said      
,odin1 when he had reached the well1 and
 was looking down into its clear1       
fathomless depths4  ,mimer1 the keeper1 
was so old that he could remember       
everything that had ever happened4 ,his 

eyes were clear and calm as the stars1  
his face was noble and restful1 and his 
long white beard flowed down to his     
waist4  ,this water is only to be had at
 a great price1 he said in a wonderfully
 sweet1 majestic tone4 ,i cannot give to
 all who ask1 but only to those who are 
able and willing to give greatly in     
return1 he continued4  ,if ,odin had    
been less of a god he would have thought
 longer and bargained sharper1 but he   
was so godlike that he cared more to be 
wise and great than for anything else4  
,i will give you whatever you ask1 he   
answered4  ,mimer thought a moment4 ,you
 must leave an eye1 he said at last4    
,then he drew up a great draught of the 
sparkling water1 and ,odin quenched his 
divine thirst and went away rejoicing1  
although he had left an eye behind4     
,even the gods could not be wise without
 struggle and toil and sacrifice4  ,so  
,odin became the wisest in all the      
worlds1 and there was no god or giant   
that could contend with him4 ,there was 

one giant1 however1 who was called      
all-wise in ,joetunheim1 with whom many 
had contended in knowledge1 with curious
 and difficult questions1 and had always
 been silenced and killed1 for then1 as 
now1 a man's life often depended on his 
wisdom4 ,of this giant1 ,vafthrudner1   
and his wisdom many wonderful stories   
were told1 and even among the gods his  
fame was great4 ,one day as ,odin sat   
thinking of many strange things in the  
worlds1 and many mysterious things in   
the future1 he thought of ,vafthrudner4 
,i will go to ,joetunheim and measure   
wisdom with ,vafthrudner1 the wisest of 
the giants1 said he to ,frigg1 his wife1
 who was sitting by4  ,then ,frigg      
remembered those who had gone to contend
 with the all-wise giant and had never  
come back1 and a fear came over her that
 the same fate might befall ,odin4  ,you
 are wisest in all the worlds1          
,all-,father1 she said2 why should you  
seek a treacherous giant who knows not  
half so much as you8  ,but ,odin1 who   

feared nothing1 could not be persuaded  
to stay1 and ,frigg sadly said good-by  
as he passed out of ,asgard on his      
journey to ,joetunheim4 ,his blue mantle
 set with stars and his golden helmet he
 left behind him1 and as he journeyed   
swiftly those who met him saw nothing   
godlike in him2 nor did ,vafthrudner    
when at last he stood at the giant's    
door4  ,i am a simple traveler1         
,gangraad by name1 he said1 as          
,vafthrudner came gruffly toward him4 ,i
 ask your hospitality and a chance to   
strive with you in wisdom4 ,the giant   
laughed scornfully at the thought of a  
man coming to contend with him for      
mastery in knowledge4  ,you shall have  
all you want of both1 he growled1 and if
 you cannot answer my questions you     
shall never go hence alive4  ,he did not
 even ask ,odin to sit down1 but let him
 stand in the hall1 despising him too   
much to show him any courtesy4 ,after a 
time he began to ask questions4  ,tell  
me1 if you can1 ,o wise ,gangraad1 the  

name of the river which divides ,asgard 
from ,joetunheim4  ,the river ,ifing1   
which never freezes over1 answered ,odin
 quickly1 as if it were the easiest     
question in the world2 and indeed it was
 to him1 although no man could have     
answered it4 ,vafthrudner looked up in  
great surprise when he heard the reply4 
,good1 he said1 you have answered       
rightly4 ,tell me1 now1 the names of the
 horses that carry day and night across 
the sky4  ,before the words were fairly 
spoken ,odin replied1 ,skinfaxe and     
,hrimfaxe4 ,the giant could not conceal 
his surprise that a man should know     
these things4  ,once more1 he said      
quickly1 as if he were risking          
everything on one question2 tell me the 
name of the plain where the ,last       
,battle will be fought4  ,this was a    
terrible question1 for the ,last ,battle
 was still far off in the future1 and   
only the gods and the greatest of the   
giants knew where and when it would     
come4 ,odin bowed his head when he heard

 the words1 for to be ready for that    
battle was the divine work of his life1 
and then said1 slowly and solemnly1 ,on 
the plain of ,vigrid1 which is one      
hundred miles on each side4             
,vafthrudner rose trembling from his    
seat4 ,he knew now that ,gangraad was   
some great one in disguise1 and that his
 own life hung on the answers he himself
 would soon be forced to make4  ,sit    
here beside me1 he said1 for whoever you
 are1 worthier antagonist has never     
entered these walls4  ,then they sat    
down together in the rude stone hall1   
the mightiest of the gods and the wisest
 of the giants1 and the great contest in
 wisdom1 with a life hanging in either  
scale1 went on between them4 ,wonderful 
secrets of the time when no man was and 
the time when no man will be1 those     
silent walls listened to as ,vafthrudner
 asked ,odin one deep question after    
another1 the answer coming swiftly and  
surely4  ,after a time the giant could  
ask no more1 for he had exhausted his   

wisdom4  ,it is my turn now1 said ,odin1
 and one after another he drew out from 
,vafthrudner the events of the past and 
then the wonderful things of the race of
 giants1 and finally he began to        
question him of that dim1 mysterious    
future whose secrets only the gods know2
 and as he touched these wonderful      
things ,odin's eyes began to flash1 and 
his form to grow larger and nobler until
 he seemed no longer the humble         
,gangraad1 but the mighty god he was1   
and ,vafthrudner trembled as he felt the
 coming doom nearing him with every     
question4  ,so hours went by1 until at  
last ,odin paused in his swift          
questioning1 stooped down1 and asked the
 giant1 ,what did ,odin whisper in the  
ear of ,balder as he ascended the       
funeral pile8  ,only ,odin himself could
 answer this question1 and ,vafthrudner 
replied humbly and with awe1 ,who but   
thyself1 ,all-,father1 knoweth the words
 thou didst say to thy son in the days  
of old8 ,i have brought my doom upon    

myself1 for in my ignorance ,i have     
contended with wisdom itself4 ,thou art 
ever the wisest of all4  ,so ,odin      
conquered1 and ,wisdom was victorious1  
as she always has been even when she has
 contended with giants4    #bff         
,the story of the splendid courage of   
,tyr at the         time of the chaining
 up of the terrible ,fenris         wolf
 has always been one of the favorite    
,norse         tales4 ,the three        
repulsive giant monsters in         whom
 the forces of evil are embodied are    
well         imagined to suggest to us  
powers that may         finally be      
stronger than the gods themselves4      
,the failures to find a chain strong    
enough1 and         the final success   
with the magic bond made in             
,dwarfland1 form a series of powerfully 
dramatic         steps in the story4    
,the elements of which the              
slender rope is made never fail to      
fascinate         hearers1 young or old1
 with a sense of the most               

profound mystery4 ,why the dwarfs should
 be         able to make a chain strong 
enough to bind him1         which the   
gods had failed to do1 is a puzzle4     
,may it mean that subtlety can compass  
ends         which force has to         
relinquish1 or possibly a         better
 thing than subtlety1 gentleness8 ,and  
the final need of a hero willing to take
         extreme risks for some good    
greater than         himself is amply   
and admirably satisfied in the          
brave ,tyr4 ,the version of the story   
used here         is from ,miss ,e4 ,m4 
,wilmot-,buxton's ,stories of           
,norse ,heroes4   ,,how ,,the ,,fenris  
,,wolf ,,was ,,chained  ,e4 ,m4         
,,wilmot-,,buxton  ,fair as were the    
meads of ,asgard1 we have seen that the 
,asa folk were fond of wandering far    
afield in other regions4 ,most restless 
of all was ,red ,loki1 that cunning     
fellow who was always bringing trouble  
upon himself or upon his kindred4 ,and  
because he loved evil1 he would often   

betake himself to the gloomy halls of   
,giantland and mingle with the wicked   
folk of that region4  ,now one day he   
met a hideous giantess named            
,angur-,boda4 ,this creature had a heart
 of ice1 and because he loved ugliness  
and evil she had a great attraction for 
him1 and in the end he married her1 and 
they lived together in a horrible cave  
in ,giantland4  ,three children were    
born to ,loki and ,angur-,boda in this  
dread abode1 and they were even more    
terrible in appearance than their       
mother4 ,the first was an immense wolf  
called ,fenris1 with a huge mouth filled
 with long white teeth1 which he was    
constantly gnashing together4 ,the      
second was a wicked-looking serpent with
 a fiery-red tongue lolling from its    
mouth4 ,the third was a hideous         
giantess1 partly blue and partly flesh  
color1 whose name was ,hela4  ,no sooner
 were these three terrible children born
 than all the wise men of the earth     
began to foretell the misery they would 

bring upon the ,asa folk4  ,in vain did 
,loki try to keep them hidden within the
 cave wherein their mother dwelt4 ,they 
soon grew so immense in size that no    
dwelling would contain them1 and all the
 world began to talk of their frightful 
appearance4  ,it was not long1 of       
course1 before ,all-,father ,odin1 from 
his high seat in ,asgard1 heard of the  
children of ,loki4 ,so he sent for some 
of the ,asas1 and said3 ,much evil will 
come upon us1 ,o my children1 from this 
giant brood1 if we defend not ourselves 
against them4 ,for their mother will    
teach them wickedness1 and still more   
quickly will they learn the cunning     
wiles of their father4 ,fetch me them   
here1 therefore1 that ,i may deal with  
them forthwith4  ,so1 after somewhat of 
a struggle1 the ,asas captured the three
 giant-children and brought them before 
,odin's judgment seat4  ,then ,odin     
looked first at ,hela1 and when he saw  
her gloomy eyes1 full of misery and     
despair1 he was sorry1 and dealt kindly 

with her1 saying3 ,thou art the bringer 
of ,pain to man1 and ,asgard is no place
 for such as thou4 ,but ,i will make    
thee ruler of the ,mist ,home1 and there
 shalt thou rule over that unlighted    
world1 the ,region of the ,dead4        
,forthwith he sent her away over rough  
roads to the cold1 dark region of the   
,north called the ,mist ,home4 ,and     
there did ,hela rule over a grim crew1  
for all those who had done wickedness in
 the world above were imprisoned by her 
in those gloomy regions4 ,to her came   
also all those who had died1 not on the 
battlefield1 but of old age or disease4 
,and though these were treated kindly   
enough1 theirs was a joyless life in    
comparison with that of the dead        
warriors who were feasting and fighting 
in the halls of ,valhalla1 under the    
kindly rule of ,all-,father ,odin4      
,having thus disposed of ,hela1 ,odin   
next turned his attention to the        
serpent4 ,and when he saw his evil      
tongue and cunning1 wicked eyes1 he     

said3 ,thou art he who bringest ,sin    
into the world of men2 therefore the    
ocean shall be thy home forever4  ,then 
he threw that horrid serpent into the   
deep sea which surrounds all lands1 and 
there the creature grew so fast that    
when he stretched himself one day he    
encircled all the earth1 and held his   
own tail fast in his mouth4 ,and        
sometimes he grew angry to think that   
he1 the son of a god1 had thus been cast
 out2 and at those times he would writhe
 with his huge body and lash his tail   
till the sea spouted up to the sky4 ,and
 when that happened the men of the      
,north said that a great tempest was    
raging4 ,but it was only the serpent-son
 of ,loki writhing in his wrath4  ,then 
,odin turned to the third child4 ,and   
behold6 the ,fenris ,wolf was so        
appalling to look upon that ,odin feared
 to cast him forth1 and he decided to   
endeavor to tame him by kindness so that
 he should not wish them ill4  ,but when
 he bade them carry food to the ,fenris 

,wolf1 not one of the ,asas would do so1
 for they feared a snap from his great  
jaws4 ,only the brave ,tyr had courage  
enough to feed him1 and the wolf ate so 
much and so fast that the business took 
him all his time4 ,meantime1 too1 the   
,fenris grew so rapidly1 and became so  
fierce1 that the gods were compelled to 
take counsel and consider how they      
should get rid of him4 ,they remembered 
that it would make their peaceful halls 
unholy if they were to slay him1 and so 
they resolved instead to bind him fast1 
that he should be unable to do them     
harm4  ,so those of the ,asa folk who   
were clever smiths set to work and made 
a very strong1 thick chain2 and when it 
was finished they carried it out to the 
yard where the wolf dwelt1 and said to  
him1 as though in jest3 ,here is a fine 
proof of thy boasted strength1 ,o       
,fenris4 ,let us bind this about thee1  
that we may see if thou canst break it  
asunder4  ,then the wolf gave a great   
grin with his wide jaws1 and came and   

stood still that they might bind the    
chain about him2 for he knew what he    
could do4 ,and it came to pass that     
directly they had fastened the chain1   
and had slipped aside from him1 the     
great beast gave himself a shake1 and   
the chain fell about him in little bits4
 ,at this the ,asas were much annoyed1  
but they tried not to show it1 and      
praised him for his strength4  ,then    
they set to work again upon a chain much
 stronger than the last1 and brought it 
to the ,fenris ,wolf1 saying3 ,great    
will be thy renown1 ,o ,fenris1 if thou 
canst break this chain as thou didst the
 last4  ,but the wolf looked at them    
askance1 for the chain they brought was 
very much thicker than the one he had   
already broken4 ,he reflected1 however1 
that since that time he himself had     
grown stronger and bigger1 and moreover1
 that one must risk something in order  
to win renown4  ,so he let them put the 
chain upon him1 and when the ,asas said 
that all was ready1 he gave a good shake

 and stretched himself a few times1 and 
again the fetters lay in fragments on   
the ground4  ,then the gods began to    
fear that they would never hold the wolf
 in bonds2 and it was ,all-,father ,odin
 who persuaded them to make one more    
attempt4 ,so they sent a messenger to   
,dwarfland bidding him ask the ,little  
,men to make a chain which nothing could
 possibly destroy4  ,setting at once to 
work1 the clever little smiths soon     
fashioned a slender silken rope1 and    
gave it to the messenger1 saying that no
 strength could break it1 and that the  
more it was strained the stronger it    
would become4  ,it was made of the most 
mysterious things--the sound of a cat's 
footsteps1 the roots of a mountain1 the 
sinews of a bear1 the breath of fishes1 
and other such strange materials1 which 
only the dwarfs knew how to use4 ,with  
this chain the messenger hastened back  
over the ,rainbow ,bridge to ,asgard4   
,by this time the ,fenris ,wolf had     
grown too big for his yard1 so he lived 

on a rocky island in the middle of the  
lake that lies in the midst of ,asgard4 
,and here the ,asas now betook          
themselves with their chain1 and began  
to play their part with wily words4     
,see1 they cried1 ,o ,fenris6 ,here is a
 cord so soft and thin that none would  
think of it binding such strength as    
thine4 ,and they laughed great laughs1  
and handed it to one another1 and tried 
its strength by pulling at it with all  
their might1 but it did not break4      
,then they came nearer and used more    
wiles1 saying3 ,we cannot break the     
cord1 though 'tis stronger than it      
looks1 but thou1 ,o mighty one1 will be 
able to snap it in a moment4  ,but the  
wolf tossed his head in scorn1 and said3
 ,small renown would there be to me1 ,o 
,asa folk1 if ,i were to break yon      
slender string4 ,save1 therefore1 your  
breath1 and leave me now alone4  ,aha6  
cried the ,asas1 thou fearest the might 
of the silken cord1 thou false one1 and 
that is why thou wilt not let us bind   

thee6  ,not ,i1 said the ,fenris ,wolf1 
growing rather suspicious1 but if it is 
made with craft and guile it shall never
 come near my feet4  ,but1 said the     
,asas1 thou wilt surely be able to break
 this silken cord with ease1 since thou 
hast already broken the great iron      
fetters4  ,to this the wolf made no     
answer1 pretending not to hear4  ,come6 
said the ,asas again1 why shouldst thou 
fear8 ,for even if thou couldst not     
break the cord we would immediately let 
thee free again4 ,to refuse is a        
coward's piece of work4  ,then the wolf 
gnashed his teeth at them in anger1 and 
said3 ,well ,i know you ,asas6 ,for if  
you bind me so fast that ,i cannot get  
loose you will skulk away1 and it will  
be long before ,i get any help from you2
 and therefore am ,i loth to let this   
band be laid upon me4  ,but still the   
,asas continued to persuade him and to  
twit him with cowardice until at length 
the ,fenris ,wolf said1 with a sullen   
growl3 ,have it your own way then4 ,but1

 as a pledge that this is done without  
deceit1 let one of you lay his hand in  
my mouth while you are binding me1 and  
afterwards while ,i try to break the    
bonds4  ,then the ,asa folk looked at   
one another in dismay1 for they knew    
very well what this would mean4 ,and    
while they consulted together the wolf  
stood gnashing his teeth at them with a 
horrid grin4  ,at length ,tyr the ,brave
 hesitated no longer4 ,boldly he stalked
 up to the wolf and thrust his arm into 
his enormous mouth1 bidding the ,asas   
bind fast the beast4 ,scarce had they   
done so when the wolf began to strain   
and pull1 but the more he did so the    
tighter and stiffer the rope became4    
,the gods shouted and laughed with glee 
when they saw how all his efforts were  
in vain4 ,but ,tyr did not join in their
 mirth1 for the wolf in his rage snapped
 his great teeth together and bit off   
his hand at the wrist4  ,now when the   
,asas discovered that the animal was    
fast bound1 they took the chain which   

was fixed to the rope and drew it       
through a huge rock1 and fastened this  
rock deep down in the earth1 so that it 
could never be moved4 ,and this they    
fastened to another great rock which was
 driven still deeper into the ground4   
,when the ,fenris ,wolf found that he   
had been thus secured he opened his     
mouth terribly wide1 and twisted himself
 right and left1 and tried his best to  
bite the ,asa folk4 ,he uttered1        
moreover1 such terrible howls that at   
length the gods could bear it no longer4
 ,so they took a sword and thrust it    
into his mouth1 so that the hilt rested 
on his lower1 and the point against his 
upper1 jaw4 ,and there he was doomed to 
remain until the end of ,all ,things    
shall come1 when he          ,freed from
 the ,chain          ,shall range the   
,earth4    #bfg          ,the story of  
,frey in the ,norse mythology           
corresponds to that of ,persephone      
7,proserpine7         in classic        
mythology4 7,see ,no4 #bee47 ,frey is   

the god of the earth's fruitfulness1    
presiding         over rain1 sunshine1  
and all the fruits of the         earth1
 and dispensing wealth among men4       
,skirnir is the sun-warmed air1 and     
,gerda is the         seed4 ,the version
 of the story used below is         from
 ,the ,heroes of ,asgard by ,annie and  
,eliza         ,keary4 ,this book was   
first published in #ahed1         and   
while a little old-fashioned in style is
         still one of the most pleasing 
attempts to tell         the ,norse     
myths for young people4   ,,frey  ,a4   
,,and ,e4 ,,keary   ,,part ,i  ,,on     
,,tiptoe ,,in ,,air ,,throne  ,wherever 
,frey came there was summer and         
sunshine4 ,flowers sprang up under his  
footsteps1 and bright-winged insects1   
like flying flowers1 hovered round his  
head4 ,his warm breath ripened the fruit
 on the trees1 and gave a bright yellow 
color to the corn1 and purple bloom to  
the grapes1 as he passed through fields 
and vineyards4  ,when he rode along in  

his car1 drawn by the stately boar1     
,golden ,bristles1 soft winds blew      
before him1 filling the air with        
fragrance and spreading abroad the news1
 ,van ,frey is coming6 and every        
half-closed flower burst into perfect   
beauty1 and forest1 and field1 and hill 
flushed their richest colors to greet   
his presence4  ,under ,frey's care and  
instruction the pretty little light     
elves forgot their idle ways and learned
 all the pleasant tasks he had promised 
to teach them4 ,it was the prettiest    
possible sight to see them in the       
evening filling their tiny buckets1 and 
running about among the woods and       
meadows to hang the dew-drops deftly on 
the slender tips of the grass-blades1 or
 to drop them into the half-closed cups 
of the sleepy flowers4 ,when this last  
of their day's tasks was over they used 
to cluster round their summer-king1 like
 bees about the queen1 while he told    
them stories about the wars between the 
,aesir and the giants1 or of the old    

time when he lived alone with his father
 ,nioerd1 in ,noatun1 and listened to   
the waves singing songs of far distant  
lands4 ,so pleasantly did they spend    
their time in ,alfheim4  ,but in the    
midst of all this work and play ,frey   
had a wish in his mind1 of which he     
could not help often talking to his     
clear-minded messenger and friend       
,skirnir4 ,i have seen many things1 he  
used to say1 and traveled through many  
lands2 but to see all the world at once1
 as ,asa ,odin does from ,air ,throne1  
that must be a splendid sight4  ,only   
,father ,odin may sit on ,air ,throne1  
,skirnir would say2 and it seemed to    
,frey that this answer was not so much  
to the purpose as his friend's sayings  
generally were4  ,at length1 one very   
clear summer evening1 when ,odin was    
feasting with the other ,aesir in       
,valhalla1 ,frey could restrain his     
curiosity no longer4 ,he left ,alfheim1 
where all the little elves were fast    
asleep1 and1 without asking any one's   

advice1 climbed into ,air ,throne1 and  
stood on tiptoe in ,odin's very seat4   
,it was a clear evening1 and ,i had1    
perhaps1 better not even try to tell you
 what ,frey saw4  ,he looked first all  
round him over ,manheim1 where the rosy 
light of the set sun still lingered1 and
 where men1 and birds1 and flowers were 
gathering themselves up for their       
night's repose2 then he glanced towards 
the heavenly hills where ,bifroest      
rested1 and then towards the shadowy    
land which deepened down into ,niflheim4
 ,at length he turned his eyes northward
 to the misty land of ,joetunheim4      
,there the shades of evening had already
 fallen2 but from his high place ,frey  
could still see distinct shapes moving  
about through the gloom4 ,strange and   
monstrous shapes they were1 and ,frey   
stood a little higher1 on tiptoe1 that  
he might look further after them4 ,in   
this position he could just descry a    
tall house standing on a hill in the    
very middle of ,joetunheim4 ,while he   

looked at it a maiden came and lifted up
 her arms to undo the latch of the door4
 ,it was dusk in ,joetunheim2 but when  
this maiden lifted up her white arms1   
such a dazzling reflection came from    
them1 that ,joetunheim1 and the sky1 and
 all the sea were flooded with clear    
light4 ,for a moment everything could be
 distinctly seen2 but ,frey saw nothing 
but the face of the maiden with the     
uplifted arms2 and when she had entered 
the house and shut the door after her1  
and darkness fell again on earth1 and   
sky1 and sea1--darkness fell1 too1 upon 
,frey's heart4   ,,part ,,ii  ,,the     
,,gift  ,the next morning1 when the     
little elves awoke up with the dawn1 and
 came thronging round their king to     
receive his commands1 they were         
surprised to see that he had changed    
since they last saw him4  ,he has grown 
up in the night1 they whispered one to  
another sorrowfully4 ,and in truth he   
was no longer so fit a teacher and      
playfellow for the merry little people  

as he had been a few hours before4  ,it 
was to no purpose that the sweet winds  
blew1 and the flowers opened1 when ,frey
 came forth from his chamber4 ,a bright 
white light still danced before him1 and
 nothing now seemed to him worth looking
 at4 ,that evening when the sun had set1
 and work was over1 there were no       
stories for the light elves4  ,be still1
 ,frey said1 when they pressed round4   
,if you will be still and listen1 there 
are stories enough to be heard better   
than mine4  ,i do not know whether the  
elves heard anything2 but to ,frey it   
seemed that flowers1 and birds1 and     
winds1 and the whispering rivers1 united
 that day in singing one song1 which he 
never wearied of hearing4 ,we are fair1 
they said2 but there is nothing in the  
whole world so fair as ,gerda1 the      
giant-maiden whom you saw last night in 
,joetunheim4  ,frey has dew-drops in his
 eyes1 the little elves said to each    
other in whispers as they sat round     
looking up at him1 and they felt very   

much surprised2 for only to men and the 
,aesir is it permitted to be sorrowful  
and weep4 ,soon1 however1 wiser people  
noticed the change that had come over   
the summer-king1 and his good-natured   
father1 ,nioerd1 sent ,skirnir one day  
into ,alfheim to inquire into the cause 
of ,frey's sorrow4  ,he found him       
walking alone in a shady place1 and     
,frey was glad enough to tell his       
trouble to his wise friend4  ,when he   
had related the whole story1 he said1   
,and now you will see that there is no  
use in asking me to be merry as ,i used 
to be2 for how can ,i ever be happy in  
,alfheim1 and enjoy the summer and      
sunshine1 while my dear ,gerda1 whom ,i 
love1 is living in a dark1 cold land1   
among cruel giants8  ,if she be really  
as beautiful and beloved as you say1    
answered ,skirnir1 she must be sadly out
 of place in ,joetunheim4 ,why do not   
you ask her to be your wife1 and live   
with you in ,alfheim8  ,that would ,i   
only too gladly do1 answered ,frey2 but 

if ,i were to leave ,alfheim only for a 
few hours1 the cruel giant ,ryme1--the  
,frost ,giant--would rush in to take my 
place2 all the labors of the year would 
be undone in a night1 and the poor1     
toiling men1 who are watching for the   
harvest1 would wake some morning to find
 their corn fields and orchards buried  
in snow4  ,well1 said ,skirnir1         
thoughtfully1 ,i am neither so strong   
nor so beautiful as you1 ,frey2 but1 if 
you will give me the sword that hangs by
 your side1 ,i will undertake the       
journey to ,joetunheim2 and ,i will     
speak in such a way of you1 and of      
,alfheim1 to the lovely ,gerda1 that she
 will gladly leave her land and the     
house of her giant-father to come to    
you4  ,now1 ,frey's sword was a gift1   
and he knew well enough that he ought   
not to part with it1 or trust it in any 
hands but his own2 and yet how could he 
expect ,skirnir to risk all the dangers 
of ,joetunheim for any less recompense  
than an enchanted sword8 ,and what other

 hope had he of ever seeing his dear    
,gerda again8  ,he did not allow himself
 a moment to think of the choice he was 
making4 ,he unbuckled his sword from his
 side and put it into ,skirnir's hands2 
and then he turned rather pettishly     
away1 and threw himself down on a mossy 
bank under a tree4  ,you will be many   
days in traveling to ,joetunheim1 he    
said1 and all that time ,i shall be     
miserable4  ,skirnir was too sensible to
 think this speech worth answering4 ,he 
took a hasty farewell of ,frey1 and     
prepared to set off on his journey2 but1
 before he left the hill1 he chanced to 
see the reflection of ,frey's face in a 
little pool of water that lay near4 ,in 
spite of its sorrowful expression1 it   
was as beautiful as the woods are in    
full summer1 and a clever thought came  
into ,skirnir's mind4 ,he stooped down1 
without ,frey's seeing him1 and1 with   
cunning touch1 stole the picture out of 
the water2 then he fastened it up       
carefully in his silver drinking-horn1  

and1 hiding it in his mantle1 he mounted
 his horse and rode towards ,joetunheim1
 secure of succeeding in his mission1   
since he carried a matchless sword to   
conquer the giant1 and a matchless      
picture to win the maiden4   ,,part     
,,iii  ,,fairest ,,gerda  ,the house of 
,gymir1 ,gerda's father1 stood in the   
middle of ,joetunheim1 so it will not be
 difficult for you to imagine what a    
toilsome and wondrous journey ,skirnir  
had4 ,he was a brave hero1 and he rode a
 brave horse2 but1 when they came to the
 barrier of murky flame that surrounds  
,joetunheim1 a shudder came over both4  
,dark it is without1 said ,skirnir to   
his horse1 and you and ,i must leap     
through flame1 and go over hoar         
mountains among ,giant ,folk4 ,the      
giants will take us both1 or we shall   
return victorious together4 ,then he    
patted his horse's neck1 and touched him
 with his armed heel1 and with one bound
 he cleared the barrier1 and his hoofs  
rang on the frozen land4  ,their first  

day's journey was through the land of   
the ,frost ,giants1 whose prickly touch 
kills1 and whose breath is sharper than 
swords4 ,then they passed through the   
dwellings of the horse-headed and       
vulture-headed giants--monsters terrible
 to see4 ,skirnir hid his face1 and the 
horse flew along swifter than the wind4 
,on the evening of the third day they   
reached ,gymir's house4 ,skirnir rode   
round it nine times2 but though there   
were twenty doors1 he could find no     
entrance2 for fierce three-headed dogs  
guarded every doorway4  ,at length he   
saw a herdsman pass near1 and he rode up
 and asked him how it was possible for a
 stranger to enter ,gymir's house1 or   
get a sight of his fair daughter ,gerda4
  ,are you doomed to death1 or are you  
already a dead man1 answered the        
herdsman1 that you talk of seeing       
,gymir's fair daughter1 or entering a   
house from which no one ever returns8   
,my death is fixed for one day1 said    
,skirnir1 in answer1 and his voice1 the 

voice of an ,asa1 sounded loud and clear
 through the misty air of ,joetunheim4  
,it reached the ears of the fair ,gerda 
as she sat in her chamber with her      
maidens4  ,what is that noise of noises1
 she said1 that ,i hear8 ,the earth     
shakes with it1 and all ,gymir's halls  
tremble4  ,then one of the maidens got  
up1 and peeped out of the window4 ,i see
 a man1 she said2 he has dismounted from
 his horse1 and he is fearlessly letting
 it graze before the door4  ,go out and 
bring him in stealthily1 then1 said     
,gerda2 ,i must again hear him speak2   
for his voice is sweeter than the       
ringing of bells4  ,so the maiden rose1 
and opened the house-door softly1 lest  
the grim giant1 ,gymir1 who was drinking
 mead in the banquet-hall with seven    
other giants1 should hear and come      
forth4  ,skirnir heard the door open1   
and understanding the maiden's sign1 he 
entered with stealthy steps1 and        
followed her to ,gerda's chamber4 ,as   
soon as he entered the doorway the light

 from her face shone upon him1 and he no
 longer wondered that ,frey had given up
 his sword4  ,are you the son of an     
,asa1 or an ,alf1 or of a wise ,van8    
asked ,gerda2 and why have you come     
through flame and snow to visit our     
halls8  ,then ,skirnir came forward and 
knelt at ,gerda's feet1 and gave his    
message1 and spoke as he had promised to
 speak of ,van ,frey and of ,alfheim4   
,gerda listened2 and it was pleasant    
enough to talk to her1 looking into her 
bright face2 but she did not seem to    
understand much of what he said4  ,he   
promised to give her eleven golden      
apples from ,iduna's grove if she would 
go with him1 and that she should have   
the magic ring ,draupnir from which     
every day a still fairer jewel fell4    
,but he found there was no use in       
talking of beautiful things to one who  
had never in all her life seen anything 
beautiful4 ,gerda smiled at him as a    
child smiles at a fairy tale4  ,at      
length he grew angry4 ,if you are so    

childish1 maiden1 he said1 that you can 
believe only what you have seen1 and    
have no thought of ,aesirland or the    
,aesir1 then sorrow and utter darkness  
shall fall upon you2 you shall live     
alone on the ,eagle ,mount turned       
towards ,hel4 ,terrors shall beset you2 
weeping shall be your lot4 ,men and     
,aesir will hate you1 and you shall be  
doomed to live for ever with the ,frost 
,giant1 ,ryme1 in whose cold arms you   
will wither away like a thistle on a    
house-top4  ,gently1 said ,gerda1       
turning away her bright head1 and       
sighing4 ,how am ,i to blame8 ,you make 
such a talk of your ,aesir and your     
,aesir2 but how can ,i know about it1   
when all my life long ,i have lived with
 giants8  ,at these words1 ,skirnir rose
 as if he would have departed1 but      
,gerda called him back4 ,you must drink 
a cup of mead1 she said1 in return for  
your sweet-sounding words4  ,skirnir    
heard this gladly1 for now he knew what 
he would do4 ,he took the cup from her  

hand1 drank off the mead1 and1 before he
 returned it1 he contrived cleverly to  
pour in the water from his              
drinking-horn1 on which ,frey's image   
was painted2 then he put the cup into   
,gerda's hand1 and bade her look4  ,she 
smiled as she looked2 and the longer she
 looked1 the sweeter grew her smile2 for
 she looked for the first time on a face
 that loved her1 and many things became 
clear to her that she had never         
understood before4 ,skirnir's words were
 no longer like fairy tales4 ,she could 
now believe in ,aesirland1 and in all   
beautiful things4  ,go back to your     
master1 she said1 at last1 and tell him 
that in nine days ,i will meet him in   
the warm wood ,barri4  ,after hearing   
these joyful words1 ,skirnir made haste 
to take leave1 for every moment that he 
lingered in the giant's house he was in 
danger4 ,one of ,gerda's maidens        
conducted him to the door1 and he       
mounted his horse again1 and rode from  
,joetunheim with a glad heart4   ,,part 

,,iv  ,,the ,,wood ,,barri  ,when       
,skirnir got back to ,alfheim1 and told 
,gerda's answer to ,frey1 he was        
disappointed to find that his master did
 not immediately look as bright and     
happy as he expected4  ,nine days6 he   
said2 but how can ,i wait nine days8    
,one day is long1 and three days are    
very long1 but 'nine days' might as well
 be a whole year4  ,i have heard        
children say such things when one tells 
them to wait for a new toy4  ,skirnir   
and old ,nioerd only laughed at it2 but 
,freyja and all the ladies of ,asgard   
made a journey to ,alfheim1 when they   
heard the story1 to comfort ,frey1 and  
hear all the news about the wedding4    
,dear ,frey1 they said1 it will never do
 to lie still here1 sighing under a     
tree4 ,you are quite mistaken about the 
time being long2 it is hardly long      
enough to prepare the marriage presents1
 and talk over the wedding4 ,you have no
 idea how busy we are going to be2      
everything in ,alfheim will have to be  

altered a little4  ,at these words ,frey
 really did lift up his head1 and wake  
up from his musings4 ,he looked1 in     
truth1 a little frightened at the       
thought2 but1 when all the ,asgard      
ladies were ready to work for his       
wedding1 how could he make any          
objection8 ,he was not allowed to have  
much share in the business himself2 but 
he had little time1 during the nine     
days1 to indulge in private thought1 for
 never before was there such a commotion
 in ,alfheim4 ,the ladies found so many 
things that wanted overlooking1 and the 
little light elves were not of the      
slightest use to any one4 ,they forgot  
all their usual tasks1 and went running 
about through groves and fields1 and by 
the sedgy banks of rivers1 peering into 
earth-holes1 and creeping down into     
flower-cups and empty snail-shells1     
every one hoping to find a gift for     
,gerda4  ,some stole the light from     
glowworms' tails1 and wove it into a    
necklace1 and others pulled the ruby    

spots from cowslip leaves1 to set with  
jewels the acorn cups that ,gerda was to
 drink from2 while the swiftest runners 
chased the butterflies1 and pulled      
feathers from their wings to make fans  
and bonnet-plumes4  ,all the work was   
scarcely finished when the ninth day    
came1 and ,frey set out from ,alfheim   
with all his elves1 to the warm wood    
,barri4  ,the ,aesir joined him on the  
way1 and they made1 together1 something 
like a wedding procession4 ,first came  
,frey in his chariot1 drawn by ,golden  
,bristles1 and carrying in his hand the 
wedding ring1 which was none other than 
,draupnir1 the magic ring of which so   
many stories are told4  ,odin and       
,frigga followed with their wedding     
gift1 the ,ship ,skidbladnir1 in which  
all the ,aesir could sit and sail1      
though it could afterwards be folded up 
so small that you might carry it in your
 hand4  ,then came ,iduna1 with eleven  
golden apples in a basket on her fair   
head1 and then two and two all the      

heroes and ladies with their gifts4     
,all round them flocked the elves1      
toiling under the weight of their       
offerings4 ,it took twenty little people
 to carry one gift1 and yet there was   
not one so large as a baby's finger4    
,laughing1 and singing1 and dancing1    
they entered the warm wood1 and every   
summer flower sent a sweet breath after 
them4 ,everything on earth smiled on the
 wedding-day of ,frey and ,gerda1       
only--when it was all over1 and every   
one had gone home1 and the moon shone   
cold into the wood--it seemed as if the 
,vanir spoke to one another4  ,odin1    
said one voice1 gave his eye for wisdom1
 and we have seen that it was well done4
  ,frey1 answered the other1 has given  
his sword for happiness4 ,it may be well
 to be unarmed while the sun shines and 
bright days last2 but when ,ragnaroek   
has come1 and the sons of ,muspell ride 
down to the last fight1 will not ,frey  
regret his sword8    #bfh               
,balder represented sunlight4 ,he was a 

son of         ,odin4 ,if we try to     
imagine how welcome the         sunlight
 of spring must have been to the ,norse 
folk after the long ,arctic night of    
winter1 we         may understand why   
everything in the world1         except 
the evil ,loke1 was willing to weep in  
order to bring ,balder back from        
,helheim4 ,some         knowledge of the
 geography of ,norse mythology          
will aid the reader in understanding the
 myth         of ,balder4 ,far below    
,asgard1 the home of the         gods1  
was ,niflheim1 the region of cold and   
darkness4 ,here in a deep cavern was    
,helheim1         the city of the dead1 
over which ,hel ruled4         ,midway  
between ,asgard and ,niflheim was       
,midgard1         the earth4 ,the whole 
universe was supported by               
,ygdrasil1 a wonderful ash-tree1 one    
root of         which extended into     
,midgard1 one into         ,joetunheim1 
and one into ,niflheim4          ,balder
 is another figure of that radiant type 

to which belong all bright and genial   
heroes1         righters of wrong1      
blazing to consume evil1         gentle 
and strong to uplift weakness3 ,apollo1 
,hercules1 ,perseus1 ,achilles1 ,sigard1
 ,st4         ,george1 and many another4
 ,balder has been a         favorite    
subject for poetic treatment1 perhaps   
to best effect in ,matthew ,arnold's    
dignified         ,balder ,dead4   ,,the
 ,,death ,,of ,,balder  ,,hamilton      
,,wright ,,mabie  ,there was one shadow 
which always fell over ,asgard4         
,sometimes in the long years the gods   
almost forgot it1 it lay so far off1    
like a dim cloud in a clear sky2 but    
,odin saw it deepen and widen as he     
looked out into the universe1 and he    
knew that the last great battle would   
surely come1 when the gods themselves   
would be destroyed and a long twilight  
would rest on all the worlds2 and now   
the day was close at hand4 ,misfortunes 
never come singly to men1 and they did  
not to the gods4 ,idun1 the beautiful   

goddess of youth1 whose apples were the 
joy of all ,asgard1 made a resting place
 for herself among the massive branches 
of ,ygdrasil1 and there every evening   
came ,brage1 and sang so sweetly that   
the birds stopped to listen1 and even   
the ,norns1 those implacable sisters at 
the foot of the tree1 were softened by  
the melody4 ,but poetry cannot change   
the purposes of fate1 and one evening no
 song was heard of ,brage or birds1 the 
leaves of the world-tree hung withered  
and lifeless on the branches1 and the   
fountain from which they had daily been 
sprinkled was dry at last4 ,idun had    
fallen into the dark valley of death1   
and when ,brage1 ,heimdal1 and ,loke    
went to question her about the future   
she could answer them only with tears4  
,brage would not leave his beautiful    
wife alone amid the dim shades that     
crowded the dreary valley1 and so youth 
and genius vanished out of ,asgard      
forever4  ,balder was the most god-like 
of all the gods1 because he was the     

purest and the best4 ,wherever he went  
his coming was like the coming of       
sunshine1 and all the beauty of summer  
was but the shining of his face4 ,when  
men's hearts were white like the light1 
and their lives clear as the day1 it was
 because ,balder was looking down upon  
them with those soft1 clear eyes that   
were open windows to the soul of ,god4  
,he had always lived in such a glow of  
brightness that no darkness had ever    
touched him2 but one morning1 after     
,idun and ,brage had gone1 ,balder's    
face was sad and troubled4 ,he walked   
slowly from room to room in his palace  
,breidablik1 stainless as the sky when  
,april showers have swept across it     
because no impure thing had ever crossed
 the threshold1 and his eyes were heavy 
with sorrow4 ,in the night terrible     
dreams had broken his sleep1 and made it
 a long torture4 ,the air seemed to be  
full of awful changes for him1 and for  
all the gods4 ,he knew in his soul that 
the shadow of the last great day was    

sweeping on2 as he looked out and saw   
the worlds lying in light and beauty1   
the fields yellow with waving grain1 the
 deep fiords flashing back the sunbeams 
from their clear depths1 the verdure    
clothing the loftiest mountains1 and    
knew that over all this darkness and    
desolation would come1 with silence of  
reapers and birds1 with fading of leaf  
and flower1 a great sorrow fell on his  
heart4  ,balder could bear the burden no
 longer4 ,he went out1 called all the   
gods together1 and told them the        
terrible dreams of the night4 ,every    
face was heavy with care4 ,the death of 
,balder would be like the going out of  
the sun1 and after a long1 sad council  
the gods resolved to protect him from   
harm by pledging all things to stand    
between him and any hurt4 ,so ,frigg1   
his mother1 went forth and made         
everything promise1 on a solemn oath1   
not to injure her son4 ,fire1 iron1 all 
kinds of metal1 every sort of stone1    
trees1 earth1 diseases1 birds1 beasts1  

snakes1 as the anxious mother went to   
them1 solemnly pledged themselves that  
no harm should come near ,balder4       
,everything promised1 and ,frigg thought
 she had driven away the cloud2 but fate
 was stronger than her love1 and one    
little shrub had not sworn4  ,odin was  
not satisfied even with these           
precautions1 for whichever way he looked
 the shadow of a great sorrow spread    
over the worlds4 ,he began to feel as if
 he were no longer the greatest of the  
gods1 and he could almost hear the rough
 shouts of the frost-giants crowding the
 rainbow bridge on their way into       
,asgard4 ,when trouble comes to men it  
is hard to bear1 but to a god who had so
 many worlds to guide and rule it was a 
new and terrible thing4 ,odin thought   
and thought until he was weary1 but no  
gleam of light could he find anywhere2  
it was thick darkness everywhere4  ,at  
last he could bear the suspense no      
longer1 and saddling his horse he rode  
sadly out of ,asgard to ,niflheim1 the  

home of ,hel1 whose face was as the face
 of death itself4 ,as he drew near the  
gates1 a monstrous dog came out and     
barked furiously1 but ,odin rode a      
little eastward of the shadowy gates to 
the grave of a wonderful prophetess4 ,it
 was a cold1 gloomy place1 and the soul 
of the great god was pierced with a     
feeling of hopeless sorrow as he        
dismounted from ,sleipner1 and bending  
over the grave began to chant weird     
songs1 and weave magical charms over it4
 ,when he had spoken those wonderful    
words which could waken the dead from   
their sleep1 there was an awful silence 
for a moment1 and then a faint          
ghost-like voice came from the grave4   
,who art thou8 it said4 ,who breaketh   
the silence of death1 and calleth the   
sleeper out of her long slumbers8 ,ages 
ago ,i was laid at rest here1 snow and  
rain have fallen upon me through myriad 
years2 why dost thou disturb me8  ,i am 
,vegtam1 answered ,odin1 and ,i come to 
ask why the couches of ,hel are hung    

with gold and the benches strewn with   
shining rings8  ,it is done for ,balder1
 answered the awful voice2 ask me no    
more4  ,odin's heart sank when he heard 
these words2 but he was determined to   
know the worst4  ,i will ask thee until 
,i know all4 ,who shall strike the fatal
 blow8  ,if ,i must1 ,i must1 moaned the
 prophetess4 ,hoder shall smite his     
brother ,balder and send him down to the
 dark home of ,hel4 ,the mead is already
 brewed for ,balder1 and the despair    
draweth near4  ,then ,odin1 looking into
 the future across the open grave1 saw  
all the days to come4  ,who is this1 he 
said1 seeing that which no mortal could 
have seen1--who is this that will not   
weep for ,balder8  ,then the prophetess 
knew that it was none other than the    
greatest of the gods who had called her 
up4  ,thou are not ,vegtam1 she         
exclaimed1 thou art ,odin himself1 the  
king of men4  ,and thou1 answered ,odin 
angrily1 art no prophetess1 but the     
mother of three giants4  ,ride home1    

then1 and exult in what thou hast       
discovered1 said the dead woman4 ,never 
shall my slumbers be broken again until 
,loke shall burst his chains and the    
great battle come4  ,and ,odin rode     
sadly homeward knowing that already     
,niflheim was making itself beautiful   
against the coming of ,balder4  ,the    
other gods meanwhile had become merry   
again2 for had not everything promised  
to protect their beloved ,balder8 ,they 
even made sport of that which troubled  
them1 for when they found that nothing  
could hurt ,balder1 and that all things 
glanced aside from his shining form1    
they persuaded him to stand as a target 
for their weapons2 hurling darts1       
spears1 swords1 and battle-axes at him1 
all of which went singing through the   
air and fell harmless at his feet4 ,but 
,loke1 when he saw these sports1 was    
jealous of ,balder1 and went about      
thinking how he could destroy him4  ,it 
happened that as ,frigg sat spinning in 
her house ,fensal1 the soft wind blowing

 in at the windows and bringing the     
merry shouts of the gods at play1 an old
 woman entered and approached her4  ,do 
you know1 asked the newcomer1 what they 
are doing in ,asgard8 ,they are throwing
 all manner of dangerous weapons at     
,balder4 ,he stands there like the sun  
for brightness1 and against his glory1  
spears and battle-axes fall powerless to
 the ground4 ,nothing can harm him4     
,no1 answered ,frigg1 joyfully2 nothing 
can bring him any hurt1 for ,i have made
 everything in heaven and earth swear to
 protect him4  ,what6 said the old      
woman1 has everything sworn to guard    
,balder8  ,yes1 said ,frigg1 everything 
has sworn except one little shrub which 
is called ,mistletoe1 and grows on the  
eastern side of ,valhal4 ,i did not take
 an oath from that because ,i thought it
 too young and weak4  ,when the old     
woman heard this a strange light came   
into her eyes2 she walked off much      
faster than she had come in1 and no     
sooner had she passed beyond ,frigg's   

sight than this same feeble old woman   
grew suddenly erect1 shook off her      
woman's garments1 and there stood ,loke 
himself4 ,in a moment he had reached the
 slope east of ,valhal1 had plucked a   
twig of the unsworn ,mistletoe1 and was 
back in the circle of the gods1 who were
 still at their favorite pastime with   
,balder4 ,hoder was standing silent and 
alone outside the noisy throng1 for he  
was blind4 ,loke touched him4  ,why do  
you not throw something at ,balder8     
,because ,i cannot see where ,balder    
stands1 and have nothing to throw if ,i 
could1 replied ,hoder4  ,if that is all1
 said ,loke1 come with me4 ,i will give 
you something to throw1 and direct your 
aim4  ,hoder1 thinking no evil1 went    
with ,loke and did as he was told4  ,the
 little sprig of ,mistletoe shot through
 the air1 pierced the heart of ,balder1 
and in a moment the beautiful god lay   
dead upon the field4 ,a shadow rose out 
of the deep beyond the worlds and spread
 itself over heaven and earth1 for the  

light of the universe had gone out4     
,the gods could not speak for horror4   
,they stood like statues for a moment1  
and then a hopeless wail burst from     
their lips4 ,tears fell like rain from  
eyes that had never wept before1 for    
,balder1 the joy of ,asgard1 had gone to
 ,niflheim and left them desolate4 ,but 
,odin was saddest of all1 because he    
knew the future1 and he knew that peace 
and light had fled from ,asgard forever1
 and that the last day and the long     
night were hurrying on4  ,frigg could   
not give up her beautiful son1 and when 
her grief had spent itself a little1 she
 asked who would go to ,hel and offer   
her a rich ransom if she would permit   
,balder to return to ,asgard4  ,i will  
go1 said ,hermod2 swift at the word of  
,odin1 ,sleipner was led forth1 and in  
an instant ,hermod was galloping        
furiously away4  ,then the gods began   
with sorrowful hearts to make ready for 
,balder's funeral4 ,when the once       
beautiful form had been arrayed in      

grave-clothes they carried it reverently
 down to the deep sea1 which lay1 calm  
as a summer afternoon1 waiting for its  
precious burden4 ,close to the water's  
edge lay ,balder's ,ringhorn1 the       
greatest of all the ships that sailed   
the seas1 but when the gods tried to    
launch it they could not move it an     
inch4 ,the great vessel creaked and     
groaned1 but no one could push it down  
to the water4 ,odin walked about it with
 a sad face1 and the gentle ripple of   
the little waves chasing each other over
 the rocks seemed a mocking laugh to    
him4  ,send to ,joetunheim for          
,hyrroken1 he said at last2 and a       
messenger was soon flying for that      
mighty giantess4  ,in a little time1    
,hyrroken came riding swiftly on a wolf 
so large and fierce that he made the    
gods think of ,fenris4 ,when the        
giantess had alighted1 ,odin ordered    
four ,berserkers of mighty strength to  
hold the wolf1 but he struggled so      
angrily that they had to throw him on   

the ground before they could control    
him4 ,then ,hyrroken went to the prow of
 the ship and with one mighty effort    
sent it far into the sea1 the rollers   
underneath bursting into flame1 and the 
whole earth trembling with the shock4   
,thor was so angry at the uproar that he
 would have killed the giantess on the  
spot if he had not been held back by the
 other gods4 ,the great ship floated on 
the sea as she had often done before1   
when ,balder1 full of life and beauty1  
set all her sails and was borne joyfully
 across the tossing seas4 ,slowly and   
solemnly the dead god was carried on    
board1 and as ,nanna1 his faithful wife1
 saw her husband borne for the last time
 from the earth which he had made dear  
to her and beautiful to all men1 her    
heart broke with sorrow1 and they laid  
her beside ,balder on the funeral pyre4 
,since the world began no one had seen  
such a funeral4 ,no bell tolled1 no long
 procession of mourners moved across the
 hills1 but all the worlds lay under a  

deep shadow1 and from every quarter came
 those who had loved or feared ,balder4 
,there at the very water's edge stood   
,odin himself1 the ravens flying about  
his head1 and on his majestic face a    
gloom that no sun would ever lighten    
again2 and there was ,frigg1 the        
desolate mother1 whose son had already  
gone so far that he would never come    
back to her2 there was ,frey standing   
sad and stern in his chariot2 there was 
,freyja1 the goddess of love1 from whose
 eyes fell a shining rain of tears2     
there1 too1 was ,heimdal on his horse   
,goldtop2 and around all these glorious 
ones from ,asgard crowded the children  
of ,joetunheim1 grim mountain-giants    
seamed with scars from ,thor's hammer1  
and frost-giants who saw in the death of
 ,balder the coming of that long winter 
in which they should reign through all  
the worlds4  ,a deep hush fell on all   
created things1 and every eye was fixed 
on the great ship riding near the shore1
 and on the funeral pyre rising from the

 deck crowned with the forms of ,balder 
and ,nanna4 ,suddenly a gleam of light  
flashed over the water2 the pile had    
been kindled1 and the flames1 creeping  
slowly at first1 climbed faster and     
faster until they met over the dead and 
rose skyward4 ,a lurid light filled the 
heavens and shone on the sea1 and in the
 brightness of it the gods looked pale  
and sad1 and the circle of giants grew  
darker and more portentous4 ,thor struck
 the fast burning pyre with his         
consecrating hammer1 and ,odin cast into
 it the wonderful ring ,draupner4       
,higher and higher leaped the flames1   
more and more desolate grew the scene2  
at last they began to sink1 the funeral 
pyre was consumed4 ,balder had vanished 
forever1 the summer was ended1 and      
winter waited at the doors4  ,meanwhile 
,hermod was riding hard and fast on his 
gloomy errand4 ,nine days and nights he 
rode through valleys so deep and dark   
that he could not see his horse4        
,stillness and blackness and solitude   

were his only companions until he came  
to the golden bridge which crosses the  
river ,gjol4 ,the good horse ,sleipner1 
who had carried ,odin on so many strange
 journeys1 had never traveled such a    
road before1 and his hoofs rang drearily
 as he stopped short at the bridge1 for 
in front of him stood its porter1 the   
gigantic ,modgud4  ,who are you8 she    
asked1 fixing her piercing eyes on      
,hermod4 ,what is your name and         
parentage8 ,yesterday five bands of dead
 men rode across the bridge1 and beneath
 them all it did not shake as under your
 single tread4 ,there is no color of    
death in your face4 ,why ride you       
hither1 the living among the dead8  ,i  
come1 said ,hermod1 to seek for ,balder4
 ,have you seen him pass this way8  ,he 
has already crossed the bridge and taken
 his journey northward to ,hel4  ,then  
,hermod rode slowly across the bridge   
that spans the abyss between life and   
death1 and found his way at last to the 
barred gates of ,hel's dreadful home4   

,there he sprang to the ground1         
tightened the girths1 remounted1 drove  
the spurs deep into the horse1 and      
,sleipner1 with a mighty leap1 cleared  
the wall4 ,hermod rode straight to the  
gloomy palace1 dismounted1 entered1 and 
in a moment was face to face with the   
terrible queen of the kingdom of the    
dead4 ,beside her1 on a beautiful       
throne1 sat ,balder1 pale and wan1      
crowned with a withered wreath of       
flowers1 and close at hand was ,nanna1  
pallid as her husband1 for whom she had 
died4 ,and all night long1 while ghostly
 forms wandered restless and sleepless  
through ,helheim1 ,hermod talked with   
,balder and ,nanna4 ,there is no record 
of what they said1 but the talk was sad 
enough1 doubtless1 and ran like a still 
stream among the happy days in ,asgard  
when ,balder's smile was morning over   
the earth and the sight of his face the 
summer of the world4  ,when the morning 
came1 faint and dim1 through the dusky  
palace1 ,hermod sought ,hel1 who        

received him as cold and stern as fate4 
,your kingdom is full1 ,o ,hel6 he said1
 and without ,balder1 ,asgard is empty4 
,send him back to us once more1 for     
there is sadness in every heart and     
tears are in every eye4 ,through heaven 
and earth all things weep for him4  ,if 
that is true1 was the slow1 icy answer1 
if every created thing weeps for        
,balder1 he shall return to ,asgard2 but
 if one eye is dry he remains henceforth
 in ,helheim4  ,then ,hermod rode       
swiftly away1 and the decree of ,hel was
 soon told in ,asgard4 ,through all the 
worlds the gods sent messengers to say  
that all who loved ,balder should weep  
for his return1 and everywhere tears    
fell like rain4 ,there was weeping in   
,asgard1 and in all the earth there was 
nothing that did not weep4 ,men and     
women and little children1 missing the  
light that had once fallen into their   
hearts and homes1 sobbed with bitter    
grief2 the birds of the air1 who had    
sung carols of joy at the gates of the  

morning since time began1 were full of  
sorrow2 the beasts of the fields        
crouched and moaned in their desolation2
 the great trees1 that had put on their 
robes of green at ,balder's command1    
sighed as the wind wailed through them2 
and the sweet flowers1 that waited for  
,balder's footstep and sprang up in all 
the fields to greet him1 hung their     
frail blossoms and wept bitterly for the
 love and the warmth and the light that 
had gone out4 ,throughout the whole     
earth there was nothing but weeping1 and
 the sound of it was like the wailing of
 those storms in autumn that weep for   
the dead summer as its withered leaves  
drop one by one from the trees4  ,the   
messengers of the gods went gladly back 
to ,asgard1 for everything had wept for 
,balder2 but as they journeyed they came
 upon a giantess1 called ,thok1 and her 
eyes were dry4  ,weep for ,balder1 they 
said4  ,with dry eyes only will ,i weep 
for ,balder1 she answered4 ,dead or     
alive1 he never gave me gladness4 ,let  

him stay in ,helheim4  ,when she had    
spoken these words a terrible laugh     
broke from her lips1 and the messengers 
looked at each other with pallid faces1 
for they knew it was the voice of ,loke4
  ,balder never came back to ,asgard1   
and the shadows deepened over all       
things1 for the night of death was fast 
coming on4     ,,section ,,vii  ,,poetry
     ,,bibliography   ,i4 ,,some        
,,important ,,general ,,collections     
,bryant1 ,william ,cullen1 ,library of  
,poetry and ,song4    ,child1 ,francis  
,j41 ,english and ,scottish ,popular    
,ballads4 ,ed4       by ,sargent and    
,kittredge4    ,quiller-,couch1 ,sir    
,arthur1 ,oxford ,book of ,english      
,verse4    ,stedman1 ,edmund ,clarence1 
,an ,american ,anthology4 ,a ,victorian 
,anthology4    ,stevenson1 ,burton ,e41 
,the ,home ,book of ,verse4             
,the finest single-volume general       
collection yet         made4 ,it runs to
 nearly #d1jjj pages1 but is            
printed on thin paper so that the volume

 is not         unwieldy4    ,stevenson1
 ,burton ,e41 ,poems of ,american       
,history4   ,,ii4 ,,collections ,,for   
,,children    ,chisholm1 ,l41 ,the      
,golden ,staircase4    ,grahame1        
,kenneth1 ,the ,cambridge ,book of      
,poetry for ,children4    ,henley1      
,william ,ernest1 ,lyra ,heroica4       
,ingpen1 ,roger1 ,one ,thousand ,poems  
for ,children4    ,lang1 ,andrew1 ,the  
,blue ,poetry ,book4    ,lucas1 ,edward 
,verrall1 ,a ,book of ,verses for       
,children4 ,another       ,book of      
,verses for ,children4    ,olcott1      
,frances ,j41 ,story ,telling ,ballads4 
,story ,telling ,poems       for        
,children4    ,palgrave1 ,francis ,t41  
,the ,children's ,treasury of ,poetry   
and ,song4    ,repplier1 ,agnes1 ,a     
,book of ,famous ,verse4    ,smith1 ,j4 
,c41 ,a ,book of ,verse for ,boys and   
,girls4    ,stevenson1 ,burton ,e41 ,the
 ,home ,book of ,verse for ,young       
,folks4    ,thacher1 ,lucy ,w41 ,the    
,listening ,child4    ,whittier1 ,john  

,greenleaf1 ,child ,life in ,poetry4    
,wiggin1 ,k4 ,d41 and ,smith1 ,n4 ,a41  
,the ,posy ,ring4 ,golden ,numbers4     
,,iii4 ,,individual ,,authors    ,blake1
 ,william1 ,songs of ,innocence4        
,cary1 ,alice and ,phoebe1 ,poems for   
,children4 ,in ,complete       ,works4  
,dodge1 ,mary ,mapes1 ,rhymes and       
,jingles4    ,field1 ,eugene1 ,songs of 
,childhood4    ,greenaway1 ,kate1       
,marigold ,garden4 ,under the ,window4  
,lamb1 ,charles and ,mary1 ,poetry for  
,children4    ,lear1 ,edward1 ,nonsense 
,songs4    ,longfellow1 ,henry          
,wadsworth1 ,complete ,poetical ,works4 
,richards1 ,laura ,e41 ,in ,my ,nursery4
    ,riley1 ,james ,whitcomb1 ,rhymes of
 ,childhood4    ,sherman1 ,frank        
,dempster1 ,little-,folk ,lyrics4       
,stevenson1 ,robert ,louis1 ,a ,child's 
,garden of ,verses4    ,rands1 ,william 
,brighty1 ,lilliput ,lyrics4            
,rossetti1 ,christina ,g41 ,sing-,song4 
,goblin ,market4    ,seegmiller1        
,wilhelmina1 ,little ,rhymes for ,little

 ,readers4    ,tabb1 ,john ,b41 ,poems4 
,taylor1 ,ann and ,jane1 ,original      
,poems and ,others4 ,ed4 by       ,e4   
,v4 ,lucas4    ,watts1 ,isaac1 ,divine  
and ,moral ,songs4    ,wells1 ,carolyn1 
,the ,jingle ,book4     ,,section ,,vii4
 ,,poetry  ,,introductory   ,many       
teachers have more difficulty in        
interesting their pupils in poetry than 
in any other form of literature4 ,this  
difficulty may be due to any one of a   
number of causes4 ,it may be due to a   
lack of poetic appreciation on the part 
of the teacher1 leading to poor judgment
 in selecting and presenting poetry4 ,it
 may be due to the feeling that there is
 something occult and mysterious about  
poetry that puts it outside the range of
 common interests1 or to the idea that  
the technique of verse must in some way 
be emphasized4 ,the first step in using 
poetry successfully with children is to 
brush away all these and other          
extraneous matters and to realize that  
poetry is in essence a simple and       

natural mode of expression1 and that all
 attempts to explain how poetry does its
 work may be left for later stages of   
study4 ,it is not necessary even for the
 teacher to be able to recognize and    
name all the varieties of rhythm to be  
able to present poetry enthusiastically 
and understandingly4 ,least of all is it
 necessary to have a prescribed list of 
the hundred best poems4 ,some of the    
best poems for children would not belong
 in any such list4  ,the selections in  
this section cover a wide variety4 ,they
 are not all equally great1 but no      
teacher can fail to find here something 
suitable and interesting for any grade4 
,the few suggestions which it is        
possible to make in this brief          
introduction may best1 perhaps1 and     
without any intention of being          
exhaustive1 be thrown into the form of  
dogmatic statements3          #a4 ,if in
 doubt about what to use beyond the     
material in the following pages1 depend 
upon         some of the fine           

collections mentioned in the            
bibliography4 ,every teacher should have
 access         to ,stevenson's ,home   
,book of ,verse for ,young              
,folks1 which contains many poems from  
recent         writers as well as the   
older favorites4 ,if         possible1  
have the advantage of the fine taste    
and judgment of the collections made by 
,andrew         ,lang1 ,miss ,repplier1 
,e4 ,v4 ,lucas1 and as many         of  
the others as are available4            
#b4 ,remember that in poetry1 more than 
elsewhere1 one can present only what one
 is         really interested in and1 as
 a consequence1         enthusiastic    
about4 ,even poems about whose          
fitness all judges agree should be      
omitted         rather than run the risk
 of deadening them for         children 
by a dead and formal handling4          
#c4 ,mainly1 poetry should be presented 
orally4         ,the appeal is first to 
the ear just as in         music4 ,the  
teacher should read or1 better1         

recite the poem in order to get the best
         results4 ,there should be no   
effort at         elocution in its worst
 sense1 but a simple1         sincere   
rendering of the language of the poem4  
,the more informal the process is1 the  
better4         ,there should be much   
repetition of favorite         poems1 so
 that the rich details and pictures     
may sink into the mind4          #d4    
,there should be great variety in choice
 that         richness and breadth of   
impression may thus be         gained4  
,it is a mistake to confine the work in 
poetry entirely to lyrics or entirely to
         ballads4 ,wordsworth's         
,daffodils and ,gilbert's         ,yarn 
of the ,nancy ,bell are far apart1 but  
there is a place for each4 ,teachers    
should         always be on the lookout 
for poetry old or new1         in the   
magazines or elsewhere1 which they can  
bring into the schoolroom4 ,such finds  
are         often fresh with some timely
 suggestion and may         prove just  

what is needed to start some            
hesitating pupil to reading poetry4     
#e4 ,the earliest poetry should be that 
in which         the music is very      
prominent and the idea absent         or
 not prominent4 ,the perfection of the  
,mother         ,goose jingles for      
little folks is in their                
fulfillment of this principle4 ,use and 
encourage strongly emphasized rhythm in 
reading         poetry1 especially in   
the early work4 ,gradually         the  
meaning in poetry takes on more         
prominence         as the work proceeds4
          #f4 ,children should be       
encouraged to commit much         poetry
 to memory4 ,they do this very easily   
after hearing it repeated a time or two4
 ,such         memorizing should not be 
done usually as a         task4         
,children are1 however1 very obliging   
about liking what a teacher is          
enthusiastic         about1 and what    
they like they can hold in mind         
with surprising ease4 ,the game of      

giving         quotations that no one   
else in the class has         given is  
always a delight4 ,don't be misled by   
the fun poked at the memory gem method  
of         studying poetry4 ,the error  
is not in memorizing         complete   
poems and fine poetic passages1 but in  
doing this in a mechanical fashion4     
#g4 ,it is a mistake to use too much    
poetry at         one time4 ,children1  
as well as grown people1         tire of
 it more quickly than they do of prose4 
,the mind seems soon to reach the       
saturation         point where it is    
unable to take in any more4             
,frequent returns to a poem rather than 
long         periods of study give the  
best results4          #h4 ,encourage   
children to read poetry aloud4 ,by      
example and suggestion help them keep   
their         minds on the ideas1 the   
pictures1 the         characters4 ,only 
by doing this can they really           
read so as to interpret a poem4 ,no one 
can read         with a lazy mind1 or   

merely by imitation4         ,encourage 
them to croon or recite the lines       
when alone4          #i4 ,it is not     
necessary that children should          
understand everything in a poem4 ,if it 
is worth         while they will get    
enough of its meaning to         justify
 its use and they will gradually see    
more and more in it as time passes4 ,in 
fact it         is this constantly      
growing content of a poem         that  
makes its possession in memory such a   
treasure4 ,neither should the presence  
of         difficult words be allowed to
 rule out a poem         that possesses 
some large element of accessible        
value4 ,many words are understood by the
 ear         that are not recognized by 
sight4   ,,suggestions ,,for ,,reading  
,books such as ,woodberry's ,heart of   
,man and         ,appreciation of       
,literature are of especial             
value for getting the right attitude    
toward         poetry4 ,the most        
illuminating practical help             

would come from consulting the published
         lectures of ,lafcadio ,hearn1  
explaining poetry         to ,japanese  
students4 ,his problem was not          
unlike that faced by the teacher of     
poetry in         the grades4 ,these    
lectures have been edited by            
,john ,erskine as ,interpretations of   
,literature         7#b vols471         
,appreciations of ,poetry1 and ,life    
and ,literature4 ,the whole philosophy  
of poetry         is treated compactly  
in ,professor ,gayley's ,the            
,principles of ,poetry1 which forms the 
introduction to ,gayley and ,young's    
,principles         and ,progress of    
,english ,poetry4    #bfi          ,mrs4
 ,follen 7#aghg-ahfj7 was a rather      
voluminous         writer and adapter of
 juvenile material4 ,her         verses 
are old-fashioned1 simple1 and          
child-like1 and have pleased several    
generations of children4 ,while they    
have no         such air of distinction 
as belongs to         ,stevenson's poems

 for children1 they are full         of 
the fancies that children enjoy1 and    
deserve         their continued         
popularity4   ,,the ,,three ,,little    
,,kittens  ,,eliza ,,lee ,,follen       
,three little kittens lost their        
mittens2           ,and they began to   
cry1             ,oh1 mother dear1      
,we very much fear           ,that we   
have lost our mittens4             ,lost
 your mittens6             ,you naughty 
kittens6           ,then you shall have 
no pie6                 ,mee-ow1 mee-ow1
 mee-ow4           ,no1 you shall have  
no pie4          ,the three little      
kittens found their mittens2            
,and they began to cry1             ,oh1
 mother dear1             ,see here1 see
 here6           ,see1 we have found our
 mittens6             ,put on your      
mittens1             ,you silly kittens1
           ,and you may have some pie4  
,purr-r1 purr-r1 purr-r1           ,oh1 
let us have the pie6                    
,purr-r1 purr-r1 purr-r4          ,the  

three little kittens put on their       
mittens1           ,and soon ate up the 
pie2             ,oh1 mother dear1      
,we greatly fear           ,that we have
 soiled our mittens6             ,soiled
 your mittens6             ,you naughty 
kittens6           ,then they began to  
sigh1                 ,mee-ow1 mee-ow1  
mee-ow4           ,then they began to   
sigh1                 ,mee-ow1 mee-ow1  
mee-ow4          ,the three little      
kittens washed their mittens1           
,and hung them out to dry2              
,oh1 mother dear1             ,do not   
you hear           ,that we have washed 
our mittens8             ,washed your   
mittens6             ,oh1 you're good   
kittens6           ,but ,i smell a rat  
close by2                 ,hush1 hush6  
,mee-ow1 mee-ow4           ,we smell a  
rat close by1                 ,mee-ow1  
mee-ow1 mee-ow4    #bgj   ,,the ,,moon  
,,eliza ,,lee ,,follen          ,o look 
at the moon6           ,she is shining  
up there2         ,o mother1 she looks  

,like a lamp in the air4          ,last 
week she was smaller1           ,and    
shaped like a bow2         ,but now     
she's grown bigger1           ,and round
 as an ,o4          ,pretty moon1 pretty
 moon1           ,how you shine on the  
door1         ,and make it all bright   
,on my nursery floor6          ,you     
shine on my playthings1           ,and  
show me their place1         ,and ,i    
love to look up           ,at your      
pretty bright face4          ,and there 
is a star           ,close by you1 and  
maybe         ,that small twinkling star
           ,is your little baby4    #bga
   ,,runaway ,,brook  ,,eliza ,,lee     
,,follen          ,stop1 stop1 pretty   
water6           ,said ,mary one day1   
,to a frolicsome brook           ,that  
was running away4          ,you run on  
so fast6           ,i wish you would    
stay2         ,my boat and my flowers   
,you will carry away4          ,but ,i  
will run after3           ,mother says  
that ,i may2         ,for ,i would know 

where           ,you are running away4  
,so ,mary ran on2           ,but ,i have
 heard say1         ,that she never     
could find           ,where the brook   
ran away4    #bgb   ,,ding ,,dong6      
,,ding ,,dong6  ,,eliza ,,lee ,,follen  
,ding dong6 ding dong6           ,i'll  
sing you a song2         ',tis about a  
little bird2           ,he sat upon a   
tree1           ,and he sang to me1     
,and ,i never spoke a word4             
,ding dong6 ding dong6           ,i'll  
sing you a song2         ',tis about a  
little mouse2           ,he looked very 
cunning1           ,as ,i saw him       
running         ,about my father's      
house4            ,ding dong6 ding dong6
           ,i'll sing you a song        
,about my little kitty2           ,she's
 speckled all over1           ,and ,i   
know you'll love her1         ,for she  
is very pretty4    #bgc          ,mrs4  
,prentiss 7#ahah-ahgh7 was the author of
         ,the ,susy ,books1 published   
from #ahec to #ahef1         forerunners

 of many series of such juvenile        
publications4 ,the following poem has   
retained         its hold on the        
affections of children4   ,,the ,,little
 ,,kitty  ,,elizabeth ,,prentiss        
,once there was a little kitty          
,whiter than snow2         ,in a barn   
she used to frolic1           ,long time
 ago4          ,in the barn a little    
mousie           ,ran to and fro2       
,for she heard the kitty coming1        
,long time ago4          ,two eyes had  
little kitty           ,black as a sloe2
         ,and they spied the little     
mousie1           ,long time ago4       
,four paws had little kitty1            
,paws soft as dough2         ,and they  
caught the little mousie1               
,long time ago4          ,nine teeth had
 little kitty1           ,all in a row2 
,and they bit the little mousie1        
,long time ago4          ,when the teeth
 bit little mousie1           ,little   
mouse cried1 ,oh6         ,but she got  
away from kitty1           ,long time   

ago4    #bgd          ,mrs4 ,hale       
7#aghh-ahgi71 left a widow with five    
children to support1 devoted herself to 
a         literary career4 ,she wrote   
fiction1 edited the         ,ladies'    
,magazine of ,boston1 afterward the     
,ladies' ,book of ,philadelphia1        
compiled a book         of poetical     
quotations1 and biographies of          
celebrated women4 ,most of her work was 
ephemeral in character1 and she lives   
for us in         the one poem that     
follows4 ,it is usually         printed 
without the last stanza which is here   
restored4 ,younger children1 as a rule1 
do not         object to such           
moralizing4   ,,mary ,,had ,a ,,little  
,,lamb  ,,sara ,j4 ,,hale          ,mary
 had a little lamb1           ,its      
fleece was white as snow1         ,and  
everywhere that ,mary went1             
,the lamb was sure to go4          ,he  
followed her to school one day1         
,that was against the rule2         ,it 
made the children laugh and play1       

,to see a lamb at school4          ,and 
so the ,teacher turned him out1         
,but still he lingered near1            
,and waited patiently about1            
,till ,mary did appear3          ,and   
then he ran to her1 and laid            
,his head upon her arm1         ,as if  
he said1 ,i'm not afraid1               
,you'll save me from all harm4          
,what makes the lamb love ,mary so8     
,the eager children cry--         ,oh1  
,mary loves the lamb1 you know1         
,the ,teacher did reply4          ,and  
you each gentle animal           ,in    
confidence may bind1         ,and make  
them follow at your will1           ,if 
you are only kind4    #bge              
,theodore ,tilton 7#ahce-aijg7 was a    
very         brilliant ,new ,york       
orator1 poet1 and         journalist4   
,his poetry1 published in a complete    
volume in #ahig1 contains some really   
distinguished verse4 ,he is largely     
known to the         new generation1    
however1 by some stanzas from           

the following poem1 which are usually   
found in         readers and poetic     
compilations for children4         ,the 
entire poem is given here4 ,does our    
,swat         the fly campaign of recent
 years negate the         kindly        
attitude emphasized in the poem8        
,,baby ,,bye  ,,theodore ,,tilton       
,baby bye1         ,here's a fly2       
,let us watch him1 you and ,i4          
,how he crawls             ,up the      
walls1             ,yet he never falls6 
,i believe with six such legs           
,you and ,i could walk on eggs4         
,there he goes             ,on his toes1
             ,tickling baby's nose4     
,spots of red         ,dot his head2    
,rainbows on his back are spread2       
,that small speck             ,is his   
neck2             ,see him nod and beck4
         ,i can show you1 if you choose1
         ,where to look to find his     
shoes1--             ,three small pairs1
             ,made of hairs2            
,these he always wears4          ,black 

and brown         ,is his gown2         
,he can wear it upside down2            
,it is laced             ,round his     
waist2             ,i admire his taste4 
,yet though tight his clothes are made  
,he will lose them1 ,i'm afraid1        
,if to-night             ,he gets sight 
,of the candle-light4          ,in the  
sun         ,webs are spun2             
,what if he gets into one8              
,when it rains             ,he complains
             ,on the window-panes4      
,tongue to talk have you and ,i2        
,god has given the little fly           
,no such things1             ,so he     
sings             ,with his buzzing     
wings4          ,he can eat             
,bread and meat2         ,there's his   
mouth between his feet4             ,on 
his back             ,is a pack         
,like a pedler's sack4         ,does the
 baby understand8         ,then the fly 
shall kiss her hand2             ,put a 
crumb             ,on her thumb1        
,maybe he will come4          ,catch    

him8 ,no1         ,let him go1          
,never hurt an insect so2               
,but no doubt             ,he flies out 
,just to gad about4         ,now you see
 his wings of silk         ,drabbled in 
the baby's milk2             ,fie1 oh   
fie1             ,foolish fly6          
,how will he get dry8          ,all wet 
flies         ,twist their thighs1      
,thus they wipe their head and eyes2    
,cats1 you know1             ,wash just 
so1             ,then their whiskers    
grow4         ,flies have hair too short
 to comb1         ,so they fly          
bareheaded home2             ,but the   
gnat             ,wears a hat1          
,do you believe that8          ,flies   
can see         ,more than we4          
,so how bright their eyes must be6      
,little fly1             ,ope your eye2 
,spiders are near by4         ,for a    
secret ,i can tell1--         ,spiders  
never use flies well4             ,then 
away6             ,do not stay4         
,little fly1 good-day6    #bgf          

,prominent among ,american writers who  
have         contributed to the         
happiness of children is         ,lucy  
,larcom 7#ahbf-ahic74 ,one of a numerous
         family1 she worked as a child  
in the ,lowell         mills1 later     
taught school in ,illinois1 was one     
of the editors of ,our ,young ,folks1   
and wrote         a most fascinating    
autobiography called ,a ,new            
,england ,girlhood4 ,several of her     
poems are         still used in schools4
 ,the one that follows is1              
perhaps1 the most popular of these4 ,it 
is         semi-dramatic1 and the three 
voices of the poem         can be easily
 discovered4 ,miss ,larcom's finest     
poem is the one entitled ,hannah        
,binding         ,shoes4   ,,the ,,brown
 ,,thrush  ,,lucy ,,larcom              
,there's a merry brown thrush sitting up
 in the tree1         ,he's singing to  
me6 ,he's singing to me6         ,and   
what does he say1 little girl1 little   
boy8         ,oh1 the world's running   

over with joy6          ,don't you hear8
 ,don't you see8          ,hush6 ,look6 
,in my tree         ,i'm as happy as    
happy can be6          ,and the brown   
thrush keeps singing1 ,a nest do you    
see1         ,and five eggs hid by me in
 the juniper tree8         ,don't       
meddle6 ,don't touch6 little girl1      
little boy1         ,or the world will  
lose some of its joy6           ,now    
,i'm glad6 ,now ,i'm free6              
,and ,i always shall be1         ,if you
 never bring sorrow to me4          ,so 
the merry brown thrush sings away in the
 tree1         ,to you and to me1 to you
 and to me4         ,and he sings all   
the day1 little girl1 little boy1       
,oh1 the world's running over with joy6 
,but long it won't be1           ,don't 
you know8 don't you see8         ,unless
 we are as good as can be4    #bgg      
,mrs4 ,child 7#ahjb-ahhj7 was the editor
 of the         first monthly for       
children in the ,united         ,states1
 the ,juvenile ,miscellany4 ,she wrote  

and compiled several works for children1
 and         her optimistic outlook has 
led someone to speak         of her as  
the ,apostle of ,cheer4 ,she wrote a    
novel1 ,hobomak 7#ahba71 which is still 
spoken         of with respect1 and she 
was a prominent figure         in the   
anti-slavery agitation4 ,the two poems  
following have held their own with      
children for         reasons easily     
recognized4   ,,thanksgiving ,,day      
,,lydia ,,maria ,,child          ,over  
the river and through the wood1         
,to grandfather's house we go2          
,the horse knows the way             ,to
 carry the sleigh           ,through the
 white and drifted snow4          ,over 
the river and through the wood--        
,oh1 how the wind does blow6            
,it stings the toes             ,and    
bites the nose1           ,as over the  
ground we go4          ,over the river  
and through the wood1           ,to have
 a first-rate play4             ,hear   
the bells ring1                         

,ting-a-ling-ding6           ,hurrah for
 ,thanksgiving ,day6          ,over the 
river and through the wood1             
,trot fast1 my dapple-gray6             
,spring over the ground1                
,like a hunting-hound6           ,for   
this is ,thanksgiving ,day4             
,over the river and through the wood1   
,and straight through the barnyard gate4
             ,we seem to go             
,extremely slow1           ,it is so    
hard to wait6          ,over the river  
and through the wood--           ,now   
grandmother's cap ,i spy6               
,hurrah for the fun6             ,is the
 pudding done8           ,hurrah for    
pumpkin-pie6    #bgh   ,,who ,,stole    
,,the ,,bird',s ,,nest8  ,,lydia ,,maria
 ,,child          ,to-whit6 to-whit6    
to-whee6         ,will you listen to me8
         ,who stole four eggs ,i laid1  
,and the nice nest ,i made8             
,not ,i1 said the cow1 ,moo-oo6         
,such a thing ,i'd never do4         ,i 
gave you a wisp of hay1         ,but    

didn't take your nest away4         ,not
 ,i1 said the cow1 ,moo-oo6             
,such a thing ,i'd never do4            
,to-whit6 to-whit6 to-whee6             
,will you listen to me8         ,who    
stole four eggs ,i laid1         ,and   
the nice nest ,i made8                  
,bob-o'-link6 ,bob-o'-link6         ,now
 what do you think8         ,who stole a
 nest away         ,from the plum-tree1 
to-day8          ,not ,i1 said the dog1 
,bow-wow6         ,i wouldn't be so     
mean1 anyhow6         ,i gave the hairs 
the nest to make1         ,but the nest 
,i did not take4         ,not ,i1 said  
the dog1 ,bow-wow6         ,i'm not so  
mean1 anyhow4          ,to-whit6        
to-whit6 to-whee6         ,will you     
listen to me8         ,who stole four   
eggs ,i laid1         ,and the nice nest
 ,i made8          ,bob-o'-link6        
,bob-o'-link6         ,now what do you  
think8         ,who stole a nest away   
,from the plum-tree1 to-day8            
,coo-coo6 ,coo-coo6 ,coo-coo6           

,let me speak a word1 too6         ,who 
stole that pretty nest         ,from    
little yellow-breast8          ,not ,i1 
said the sheep2 oh1 no6         ,i      
wouldn't treat a poor bird so4          
,i gave wool the nest to line1          
,but the nest was none of mine4         
,baa6 ,baa6 said the sheep2 oh1 no1     
,i wouldn't treat a poor bird so4       
,to-whit6 to-whit6 to-whee6             
,will you listen to me8         ,who    
stole four eggs ,i laid1         ,and   
the nice nest ,i made8                  
,bob-o'-link6 ,bob-o'-link6         ,now
 what do you think8         ,who stole a
 nest away         ,from the plum-tree1 
to-day8          ,coo-coo6 ,coo-coo6    
,coo-coo6         ,let me speak a word1 
too6         ,who stole that pretty nest
         ,from little yellow-breast8    
,caw6 ,caw6 cried the crow2         ,i  
should like to know         ,what thief 
took away         ,a bird's nest to-day8
          ,cluck6 ,cluck6 said the hen2 
,don't ask me again1         ,why1 ,i   

haven't a chick         ,would do such a
 trick4         ,we all gave her a      
feather1         ,and she wove them     
together4         ,i'd scorn to intrude 
,on her and her brood4         ,cluck6  
,cluck6 said the hen1         ,don't ask
 me again4          ,chirr-a-whirr6     
,chirr-a-whirr6         ,all the birds  
make a stir6         ,let us find out   
his name1         ,and all cry ',for    
shame6'          ,i would not rob a     
bird1         ,said little ,mary ,green2
         ,i think ,i never heard        
,of anything so mean4          ,it is   
very cruel1 too1         ,said little   
,alice ,neal2         ,i wonder if he   
knew         ,how sad the bird would    
feel8          ,a little boy hung down  
his head1         ,and went and hid     
behind the bed1         ,for he stole   
that pretty nest         ,from poor     
little yellow-breast2         ,and he   
felt so full of shame1         ,he      
didn't like to tell his name4    #bgi   
,susan ,coolidge was the pseudonym used 

by ,sarah ,c4 ,woolsey 7#ahde-aije74    
,she         wrote numerous tales and   
verses for young         people1 and her
 series of ,katy ,books was             
widely known and enjoyed4 ,the poem     
that follows is a very familiar one1 and
 its         treatment of its theme may 
be compared         with that in ,henry 
,ward ,beecher's little         prose   
apologue 7,no4 #bdi74   ,,how ,,the     
,,leaves ,,came ,,down  ,,susan         
,,coolidge          ,i'll tell you how  
the leaves came down3           ,the    
great ,tree to his children said1       
,you're getting sleepy1 ,yellow and     
,brown1           ,yes1 very sleepy1    
little ,red2           ,it is quite time
 to go to bed4          ,ah6 begged each
 silly1 pouting leaf1           ,let us 
a little longer stay2         ,dear     
,father ,tree1 behold our grief6        
',tis such a very pleasant day1         
,we do not want to go away4             
,so1 just for one more merry day        
,to the great ,tree the leaflets clung1 

,frolicked and danced and had their way 
,upon the autumn breezes swung1         
,whispering all their sports among1     
,perhaps the great ,tree will forget    
,and let us stay until the spring1      
,if we all beg and coax and fret4       
,but the great ,tree did no such thing2 
,he smiled to hear their whispering4    
,come1 children all1 to bed1 he cried2  
,and ere the leaves could urge their    
prayer1         ,he shook his head1 and 
far and wide1           ,fluttering and 
rustling everywhere1           ,down    
sped the leaflets through the air4      
,i saw them2 on the ground they lay1    
,golden and red1 a huddled swarm1       
,waiting till one from far away1        
,white bedclothes heaped up on her arm1 
,should come to wrap them safe and warm4
          ,the great bare ,tree looked  
down and smiled4           ,good-night1 
dear little leaves1 he said2            
,and from below each sleepy child       
,replied1 ,good-night1 and murmured1    
,it is so nice to go to bed4            

,the poems for young readers produced by
 the         sisters ,alice ,cary       
7#ahbj-ahga7 and ,phoebe ,cary          
7#ahbd-ahga7 constitute the most        
successful body         of juvenile     
verse yet produced in this country4     
,one of ,alice ,cary's poems1 ,an ,order
 for a         ,picture1 is of a very   
distinguished quality1         but as   
its appeal is largely to mature readers1
         two of ,phoebe ,cary's poems of
 simpler quality         are chosen for 
use here4 ,the first of these           
marks1 by means of three illustrations  
within         the range of children's  
observation1 a very         common      
defect of child nature and is1 by the   
force of these illustrations1 a good    
lesson in         practical ethics4 ,the
 appeal of the second is         to that
 inherent ideal of disinterested heroism
         which is so strong in children4
 ,the setting of         the story      
amidst the ever-present threat of the   
sea affords a good chance for the       

teacher to do         effective work in 
emphasizing the geographical            
background4 ,this should be done1       
however1 not         as geography       
merely1 but with the attention on       
the human elements involved4    #bhj    
,,they ,,didn',t ,,think  ,,phoebe      
,,cary          ,once a trap was baited 
,with a piece of cheese2         ,which 
tickled so a little mouse           ,it 
almost made him sneeze2         ,an old 
rat said1 ,there's danger1           ,be
 careful where you go6                  
,nonsense6 said the other1           ,i 
don't think you know6         ,so he    
walked in boldly--           ,nobody in 
sight2         ,first he took a nibble1 
,then he took a bite2         ,close the
 trap together           ,snapped as    
quick as wink1         ,catching mousey 
fast there1           ',cause he didn't 
think4          ,once a little turkey1  
,fond of her own way1         ,wouldn't 
ask the old ones           ,where to go 
or stay2         ,she said1 ,i'm not a  

baby1           ,here ,i am half-grown2 
,surely1 ,i am big enough           ,to 
run about alone6         ,off she went1 
but somebody           ,hiding saw her  
pass2         ,soon like snow her       
feathers           ,covered all the     
grass4         ,so she made a supper    
,for a sly young mink1         ',cause  
she was so headstrong           ,that   
she wouldn't think4          ,once there
 was a robin           ,lived outside   
the door1         ,who wanted to go     
inside           ,and hop upon the      
floor4         ,ho1 no1 said the mother1
           ,you must stay with me2      
,little birds are safest                
,sitting in a tree4         ,i don't    
care1 said ,robin1           ,and gave  
his tail a fling1         ,i don't think
 the old folks           ,know quite    
everything4         ,down he flew1 and  
,kitty seized him4           ,before    
he'd time to blink4         ,oh1 he     
cried1 ,i'm sorry1           ,but ,i    
didn't think4          ,now my little   

children1           ,you who read this  
song1         ,don't you see what       
trouble           ,comes of thinking    
wrong8         ,and can't you take a    
warning           ,from their dreadful  
fate         ,who began their thinking  
,when it was too late8         ,don't   
think there's always safety             
,where no danger shows1         ,don't  
suppose you know more           ,than   
anybody knows2         ,but when you're 
warned of ruin1           ,pause upon   
the brink1         ,and don't go under  
headlong1           ',cause you didn't  
think4    #bha   ,,the ,,leak ,,in ,,the
 ,,dike  ,a ,story of ,holland  ,,phoebe
 ,,cary          ,the good dame looked  
from her cottage           ,at the close
 of the pleasant day1         ,and      
cheerily called to her little son       
,outside the door at play3              
,come1 ,peter1 come6 ,i want you to go1 
,while there is light to see1           
,to the hut of the blind old man who    
lives           ,across the dike1 for   

me2         ,and take these cakes ,i    
made for him--           ,they are hot  
and smoking yet2         ,you have time 
enough to go and come           ,before 
the sun is set4          ,then the      
good-wife turned to her labor1          
,humming a simple song1         ,and    
thought of her husband1 working hard    
,at the sluices all day long2           
,and set the turf a-blazing1            
,and brought the coarse black bread2    
,that he might find a fire at night1    
,and find the table spread4             
,and ,peter left the brother1           
,with whom all day he had played1       
,and the sister who had watched their   
sports           ,in the willow's tender
 shade2         ,and told them they'd   
see him back before           ,they saw 
a star in sight1         ,though he     
wouldn't be afraid to go           ,in  
the very darkest night6          ,for he
 was a brave1 bright fellow1            
,with eye and conscience clear2         
,he could do whatever a boy might do1   

,and he had not learned to fear4        
,why1 he wouldn't have robbed a bird's  
nest1           ,nor brought a stork to 
harm1         ,though never a law in    
,holland           ,had stood to stay   
his arm6          ,and now1 with his    
face all glowing1           ,and eyes as
 bright as the day         ,with the    
thoughts of his pleasant errand1        
,he trudged along the way2         ,and 
soon his joyous prattle           ,made 
glad a lonesome place--         ,alas6  
if only the blind old man               
,could have seen that happy face6       
,yet he somehow caught the brightness   
,which his voice and presence lent2     
,and he felt the sunshine come and go   
,as ,peter came and went4          ,and 
now1 as the day was sinking1            
,and the winds began to rise1           
,the mother looked from her door again1 
,shading her anxious eyes2         ,and 
saw the shadows deepen           ,and   
birds to their homes come back1         
,but never a sign of ,peter             

,along the level track4         ,but she
 said3 ,he will come at morning1        
,so ,i need not fret or grieve--        
,though it isn't like my boy at all     
,to stay without my leave4          ,but
 where was the child delaying8          
,on the homeward way was he1            
,and across the dike while the sun was  
up           ,an hour above the sea4    
,he was stopping now to gather flowers1 
,now listening to the sound1         ,as
 the angry waters dashed themselves     
,against their narrow bound4            
,ah6 well for us1 said ,peter1          
,that the gates are good and strong1    
,and my father tends them carefully1    
,or they would not hold you long6       
,you're a wicked sea1 said ,peter2      
,i know why you fret and chafe2         
,you would like to spoil our lands and  
homes2           ,but our sluices keep  
you safe6          ,but hark6 ,through  
the noise of waters           ,comes a  
low1 clear1 trickling sound2            
,and the child's face pales with terror1

           ,and his blossoms drop to the
 ground4         ,he is up the bank in a
 moment1           ,and stealing through
 the sand1         ,he sees a stream not
 yet so large           ,as his slender1
 childish hand4          ',tis a leak in
 the dike6 ,he is but a boy1            
,unused to fearful scenes2         ,but1
 young as he is1 he has learned to know 
,the dreadful thing that means4         
,a leak in the dike6 ,the stoutest heart
           ,grows faint that cry to     
hear1         ,and the bravest man in   
all the land           ,turns white with
 mortal fear4         ,for he knows the 
smallest leak may grow           ,to a  
flood in a single night2         ,and he
 knows the strength of the cruel sea    
,when loosed in its angry might4        
,and the boy6 ,he has seen the danger1  
,and1 shouting a wild alarm1         ,he
 forces back the weight of the sea      
,with the strength of his single arm6   
,he listens for the joyful sound        
,of a footstep passing nigh2            

,and lays his ear to the ground1 to     
catch           ,the answer to his cry4 
,and he hears the rough winds blowing1  
,and the waters rise and fall1          
,but never an answer comes to him1      
,save the echo of his call4         ,he 
sees no hope1 no succor1           ,his 
feeble voice is lost2         ,yet what 
shall he do but watch and wait1         
,though he perish at his post6          
,so1 faintly calling and crying         
,till the sun is under the sea2         
,crying and moaning till the stars      
,come out for company2         ,he      
thinks of his brother and sister1       
,asleep in their safe warm bed2         
,he thinks of his father and mother1    
,of himself as dying--and dead2         
,and of how1 when the night is over1    
,they must come and find him at last3   
,but he never thinks he can leave the   
place           ,where duty holds him   
fast4          ,the good dame in the    
cottage           ,is up and astir with 
the light1         ,for the thought of  

her little ,peter           ,has been   
with her all night4         ,and now she
 watches the pathway1           ,as     
yester eve she had done2         ,but   
what does she see so strange and black  
,against the rising sun8         ,her   
neighbors are bearing between them      
,something straight to her door2        
,her child is coming home1 but not      
,as he ever came before6          ,he is
 dead6 she cries2 my darling6           
,and the startled father hears1         
,and comes and looks the way she looks1 
,and fears the thing she fears3         
,till a glad shout from the bearers     
,thrills the stricken man and wife--    
,give thanks1 for your son has saved our
 land1           ,and ,god has saved his
 life6         ,so1 there in the morning
 sunshine           ,they knelt about   
the boy2         ,and every head was    
bared and bent           ,in tearful1   
reverent joy4          ',tis many a year
 since then2 but still1           ,when 
the sea roars like a flood1             

,their boys are taught what a boy can do
           ,who is brave and true and   
good4         ,for every man in that    
country           ,takes his son by the 
hand1         ,and tells him of little  
,peter1           ,whose courage saved  
the land4          ,they have many a    
valiant hero1           ,remembered     
through the years3         ,but never   
one whose name so oft           ,is     
named with loving tears4         ,and   
his deed shall be sung by the cradle1   
,and told to the child on the knee1     
,so long as the dikes of ,holland       
,divide the land from the sea6          
,the world's greatest writer of verse   
for         children1 ,robert ,louis    
,stevenson1 was born in                 
,edinburgh1 ,scotland1 in #ahej4 ,after 
he was         twenty-five years old he 
spent much of the rest         of his   
short life traveling in search of       
health4 ,from #ahhi to the time of his  
death in         #ahid he resided in    
,samoa4 ,the verses given here          

7,nos4 #bhb-bie7 are taken from his     
famous book1         ,a ,child's ,garden
 of ,verses1 which1 says                
,professor ,saintsbury1 is1 perhaps1 the
 most         perfectly natural book of 
the kind4 ,it was         supplemented  
later by other poems for children2      
and some of his work outside this1      
culminating         in the widely known 
epitaph            ,home is the sailor1 
home from sea1           ,and the hunter
 home from the hill1          has the   
rarely combined merits of simplicity1   
sincerity1 music1 and strength4 ,one of 
the         best of ,stevenson's poems  
for children outside         the        
,child's ,garden of ,verses is the      
powerfully dramatic story called        
,heather ,ale4         ,in attempting to
 solve the secret of                    
,stevenson's supremacy1 ,edmund ,gosse  
calls         attention to the curiously
 candid and         confidential        
attitude of mind in these poems1        
to the extraordinary clearness and      

precision         with which the        
immature fancies of eager               
childhood are reproduced1 and           
particularly1 to         the fact that  
they give us a transcript of            
that child-mind which we have all       
possessed and         enjoyed1 but of   
which no one1 except ,mr4               
,stevenson1 seems to have carried away a
         photograph4 ,it is this ability
 to hand on a         photographic      
transcript of the child's way of        
seeing things that1 according to ,mr4   
,gosse1         puts ,stevenson in a    
class which contains only         two   
other members1 ,hans ,christian         
,andersen in         nursery stories1   
and ,juliana ,horatia ,ewing in         
the more realistic prose tale4 ,children
 find         expressed in these poems  
their own active         fancies4 ,it   
has been objected to them that the      
child pictured there is a lonely child1 
but         every child1 like every     
mature person1 has an         inner     

world of dreams and experiences in which
         he delights now and then to    
dwell4 ,the presence         of the     
qualities mentioned put at least two of 
,stevenson's prose romances among the   
most         splendid adventure stories 
for young people1         ,treasure     
,island and ,kidnapped4 ,perhaps no     
book is more popular among pupils of the
         seventh and eighth grades than 
the former4 ,it         has been called 
a sublimated dime novel1 that           
is1 it has all the decidedly attractive 
features of the dime novel plus the fine
 art         of story-telling which is  
always lacking in         that          
sensational type of story4    #bhb      
,,whole ,,duty ,,of ,,children  ,,robert
 ,,louis ,,stevenson          ,a child  
should always say what's true1          
,and speak when he is spoken to1        
,and behave mannerly at table2          
,at least as far as he is able4    #bhc 
,,the ,,cow  ,,robert ,,louis           
,,stevenson          ,the friendly cow  

all red and white1           ,i love    
with all my heart3         ,she gives me
 cream with all her might1           ,to
 eat with apple-tart4          ,she     
wanders lowing here and there1          
,and yet she cannot stray1         ,all 
in the pleasant open air1           ,the
 pleasant light of day2          ,and   
blown by all the winds that pass        
,and wet with all the showers1          
,she walks among the meadow grass       
,and eats the meadow flowers4    #bhd   
,,time ,,to ,,rise  ,,robert ,,louis    
,,stevenson          ,a birdie with a   
yellow bill         ,hopped upon the    
window-sill1         ,cocked his shining
 eye and said3         ,ain't you       
'shamed1 you sleepy-head8    #bhe       
,,rain  ,,robert ,,louis ,,stevenson    
,the rain is raining all around1        
,it falls on field and tree1         ,it
 rains on the umbrellas here1           
,and on the ships at sea4    #bhf   ,a  
,,good ,,play  ,,robert ,,louis         
,,stevenson          ,we built a ship   

upon the stairs         ,all made of the
 back-bedroom chairs1         ,and      
filled it full of sofa pillows          
,to go a-sailing on the billows4        
,we took a saw and several nails1       
,and water in the nursery pails2        
,and ,tom said1 ,let us also take       
,an apple and a slice of cake2--        
,which was enough for ,tom and me       
,to go a-sailing on1 till tea4          
,we sailed along for days and days1     
,and had the very best of plays2        
,but ,tom fell out and hurt his knee1   
,so there was no one left but me4       
#bhg   ,,the ,,lamplighter  ,,robert    
,,louis ,,stevenson          ,my tea is 
nearly ready and the sun has left the   
sky2         ,it's time to take the     
window to see ,leerie going by2         
,for every night at tea-time and before 
you take your seat1         ,with       
lantern and with ladder he comes posting
 up the street4          ,now ,tom would
 be a driver and ,maria go to sea1      
,and my papa's a banker and as rich as  

he can be2         ,but ,i1 when ,i am  
stronger and can choose what ,i'm to do1
         ,o ,leerie1 ,i'll go round at  
night and light the lamps with you6     
,for we are very lucky1 with a lamp     
before the door1         ,and ,leerie   
stops to light it as he lights so many  
more2         ,and ,o6 before you hurry 
by with ladder and with light1          
,o ,leerie1 see a little child and nod  
to him to-night6    #bhh   ,,the ,,land 
,,of ,,nod  ,,robert ,,louis ,,stevenson
          ,from breakfast on through all
 the day         ,at home among my      
friends ,i stay1         ,but every     
night ,i go abroad         ,afar into   
the land of ,nod4          ,all by      
myself ,i have to go1         ,with none
 to tell me what to do--         ,all   
alone beside the streams         ,and up
 the mountain sides of dreams4          
,the strangest things are there for me1 
,both things to eat and things to see1  
,and many frightening sights abroad1    
,till morning in the land of ,nod4      

,try as ,i like to find the way1        
,i never can get back by day1           
,nor can remember plain and clear       
,the curious music that ,i hear4    #bhi
   ,,the ,,land ,,of ,,story-,,books    
,,robert ,,louis ,,stevenson            
,at evening when the lamp is lit1       
,around the fire my parents sit2        
,they sit at home and talk and sing1    
,and do not play at anything4           
,now1 with my little gun1 ,i crawl      
,all in the dark along the wall1        
,and follow round the forest track      
,away behind the sofa back4             
,there1 in the night1 where none can    
spy1         ,all in my hunter's camp ,i
 lie1         ,and play at books that ,i
 have read         ,till it is time to  
go to bed4          ,these are the      
hills1 these are the woods1             
,these are my starry solitudes2         
,and there the river by whose brink     
,the roaring lion comes to drink4       
,i see the others far away         ,as  
if in firelit camp they lay1            

,and ,i1 like to an ,indian scout1      
,around their party prowled about4      
,so when my nurse comes in for me1      
,home ,i return across the sea1         
,and go to bed with backward looks      
,at my dear ,land of ,story-books4      
#bij   ,,my ,,bed ,,is ,a ,,boat        
,,robert ,,louis ,,stevenson            
,my bed is like a little boat2          
,nurse helps me in when ,i embark3      
,she girds me in my sailor's coat       
,and starts me in the dark4          ,at
 night1 ,i go on board and say          
,good-night to all my friends on shore2 
,i shut my eyes and sail away           
,and see and hear no more4          ,and
 sometimes things to bed ,i take1       
,as prudent sailors have to do2         
,perhaps a slice of wedding-cake1       
,perhaps a toy or two4          ,all    
night across the dark we steer2         
,but when the day returns at last1      
,safe in my room1 beside the pier1      
,i find my vessel fast4    #bia   ,,my  
,,shadow  ,,robert ,,louis ,,stevenson  

,i have a little shadow that goes in and
 out with me1         ,and what can be  
the use of him is more than ,i can see4 
,he is very1 very like me from the heels
 up to the head2         ,and ,i see him
 jump before me1 when ,i jump into my   
bed4          ,the funniest thing about 
him is the way he likes to grow--       
,not at all like proper children1 which 
is always very slow2         ,for he    
sometimes shoots up taller like an      
india-rubber ball1         ,and he      
sometimes gets so little that there's   
none of him at all4          ,he hasn't 
got a notion of how children ought to   
play1         ,and can only make a fool 
of me in every sort of way4         ,he 
stays so close beside me1 he's a coward 
you can see2         ,i'd think shame to
 stick to nursie as that shadow sticks  
to me6          ,one morning1 very      
early1 before the sun was up1         ,i
 rose and found the shining dew on every
 buttercup2         ,but my lazy little 
shadow1 like an arrant sleepy-head1     

,had stayed at home behind me and was   
fast asleep in bed4    #bib   ,,the     
,,swing  ,,robert ,,louis ,,stevenson   
,how do you like to go up in a swing1   
,up in the air so blue8         ,oh1 ,i 
do think it the pleasantest thing       
,ever a child can do6          ,up in   
the air and over the wall1              
,till ,i can see so wide1               
,rivers and trees and cattle and all    
,over the countryside--          ,till  
,i look down on the garden green1       
,down on the roof so brown--         ,up
 in the air ,i go flying again1         
,up in the air and down6    #bic        
,,where ,,go ,,the ,,boats8  ,,robert   
,,louis ,,stevenson          ,dark brown
 is the river1           ,golden is the 
sand4         ,it flows along forever   
,with trees on either hand4             
,green leaves a-floating1               
,castles of the foam1         ,boats of 
mine a-boating--           ,where will  
all come home8          ,on goes the    
river           ,and out past the mill1 

,away down the valley1           ,away  
down the hill4          ,away down the  
river1           ,a hundred miles or    
more1         ,other little children    
,shall bring my boats ashore4    #bid   
,,the ,,wind  ,,robert ,,louis          
,,stevenson          ,i saw you toss the
 kites on high         ,and blow the    
birds about the sky2         ,and all   
around ,i heard you pass1         ,like 
ladies' skirts across the grass--       
,o wind1 a-blowing all day long1        
,o wind1 that sings so loud a song6     
,i saw the different things you did1    
,but always you yourself you hid4       
,i felt you push1 ,i heard you call1    
,i could not see yourself at all--      
,o wind1 a-blowing all day long1        
,o wind1 that sings so loud a song6     
,o you that are so strong and cold1     
,o blower1 are you young or old8        
,are you a beast of field and tree1     
,or just a stronger child than me8      
,o wind1 a-blowing all day long1        
,o wind1 that sings so loud a song6     

#bie   ,,windy ,,nights  ,,robert       
,,louis ,,stevenson          ,whenever  
the moon and stars are set1             
,whenever the wind is high1         ,all
 night long in the dark and wet         
,a man goes riding by4         ,late in 
the night when the fires are out1       
,why does he gallop and gallop about8   
,whenever the trees are crying aloud1   
,and ships are tossed at sea1           
,by1 on the highway1 low and loud1      
,by at the gallop goes he4         ,by  
at the gallop he goes1 and then         
,by he comes back at the gallop again4  
,the four poems that follow are from    
,little-,folk ,lyrics1 by ,frank        
,dempster ,sherman         7#ahfj--71   
and are used here by permission of      
and special arrangement with the        
publishers1         ,houghton ,mifflin  
,co41 ,boston4 ,many of ,sherman's      
poems have been found pleasing to       
children1         particularly those    
dealing with nature themes         and  
with outdoor activities4    #bif        

,,spinning ,,top  ,,frank ,,dempster    
,,sherman          ,when ,i spin round  
without a stop         ,and keep my     
balance like the top1         ,i find   
that soon the floor will swim           
,before my eyes2 and then1 like him1    
,i lie all dizzy on the floor           
,until ,i feel like spinning more4      
#big   ,,flying ,,kite  ,,frank         
,,dempster ,,sherman          ,i often  
sit and wish that ,i         ,could be a
 kite up in the sky1         ,and ride  
upon the breeze1 and go                 
,whatever way it chanced to blow4       
,then ,i could look beyond the town1    
,and see the river winding down1        
,and follow all the ships that sail     
,like me before the merry gale1         
,until at last with them ,i came        
,to some place with a foreign name4     
#bih   ,,king ,,bell  ,,frank ,,dempster
 ,,sherman          ,long ago there     
lived a ,king           ,a mighty man   
and bold1         ,who had two sons1    
named ,dong and ,ding1           ,of    

whom this tale is told4          ,prince
 ,ding was clear of voice1 and tall1    
,a ,prince in every line2               
,prince ,dong1 his voice was very small1
           ,and he but four feet nine4  
,now both these sons were very dear     
,to ,bell1 the mighty ,king4            
,they always hastened to appear         
,when he for them would ring4           
,ding never failed the first to be1     
,but ,dong1 he followed well1           
,and at the second summons he           
,responded to ,king ,bell4              
,this promptness of each royal ,prince  
,is all of them we know1         ,except
 that all their kindred since           
,have done exactly so4          ,and if 
you chance to know a ,king              
,like this one of the dong1             
,just listen once--and there is ,ding2  
,again--and there is ,dong4    #bii     
,,daisies  ,,frank ,,dempster ,,sherman 
,at evening when ,i go to bed         ,i
 see the stars shine overhead2          
,they are the little daisies white      

,that dot the meadows of the ,night4    
,and often while ,i'm dreaming so1      
,across the sky the ,moon will go2      
,it is a lady1 sweet and fair1          
,who comes to gather daisies there4     
,for1 when at morning ,i arise1         
,there's not a star left in the skies2  
,she's picked them all and dropped them 
down         ,into the meadows of the   
town4          ,the three poems by      
,eugene ,field 7,nos4 #cjj-cjb7         
are used by special permission of the   
publishers1 ,charles ,scribner's ,sons1 
,new ,york         ,city4 ,field was    
born at ,st4 ,louis in #ahej1 and       
died at ,chicago in #ahie4 ,the quaint  
fantastical         conceptions in these
 poems have made them         supreme   
favorites with children4 ,no4 #cjj      
belongs to the list of the world's great
         lullabies4    #cjj   ,,wynken1 
,,blynken1 ,,and ,,nod  ,,eugene ,,field
          ,wynken1 ,blynken1 and ,nod   
one night           ,sailed off in a    
wooden shoe1--         ,sailed on a     

river of crystal light           ,into a
 sea of dew4         ,where are you     
going1 and what do you wish8            
,the old moon asked the three4          
,we have come to fish for the herring   
fish           ,that live in this       
beautiful sea2           ,nets of silver
 and gold have we6               ,said  
,wynken1               ,blynken1        
,and ,nod4          ,the old moon       
laughed and sang a song1           ,as  
they rocked in the wooden shoe2         
,and the wind that sped them all night  
long           ,ruffled the waves of    
dew4         ,the little stars were the 
herring fish           ,that lived in   
that beautiful sea--         ,now cast  
your nets wherever you wish1            
,never afeard are we6           ,so     
cried the stars to the fishermen three1 
,wynken1               ,blynken1        
,and ,nod4          ,all night long     
their nets they threw           ,to the 
stars in the twinkling foam1--          
,then down from the skies came the      

wooden shoe1           ,bringing the    
fishermen home3         ',twas all so   
pretty a sail1 it seemed           ,as  
if it could not be2         ,and some   
folk thought 'twas a dream they'd       
dreamed           ,of sailing that      
beautiful sea2           ,but ,i shall  
name you the fishermen three3           
,wynken1               ,blynken1        
,and ,nod4          ,wynken and ,blynken
 are two little eyes1           ,and    
,nod is a little head1         ,and the 
wooden shoe that sailed the skies       
,is a wee one's trundle-bed2         ,so
 shut your eyes while ,mother sings     
,of wonderful sights that be1           
,and you shall see the beautiful things 
,as you rock in the misty sea           
,where the old shoe rocked the fishermen
 three3--                ,wynken1       
,blynken1                ,and ,nod4     
#cja   ,,the ,,sugar-,,plum ,,tree      
,,eugene ,,field          ,have you ever
 heard of the ,sugar-,plum ,tree8       
',tis a marvel of great renown6         

,it blooms on the shore of the ,lollypop
 sea           ,in the garden of        
,shut-,eye ,town2         ,the fruit    
that it bears is so wondrously sweet    
7,as those who have tasted it say7      
,that good little children have only to 
eat           ,of that fruit to be happy
 next day4          ,when you've got to 
the tree1 you would have a hard time    
,to capture the fruit which ,i sing2    
,the tree is so tall that no person     
could climb           ,to the boughs    
where the sugar-plums swing6            
,but up in that tree sits a chocolate   
cat1           ,and a gingerbread dog   
prowls below--         ,and this is the 
way you contrive to get at              
,those sugar-plums tempting you so3     
,you say but the word to that           
gingerbread dog           ,and he barks 
with such terrible zest         ,that   
the chocolate cat is at once all agog1  
,as her swelling proportions attest4    
,and the chocolate cat goes cavorting   
around           ,from this leafy limb  

unto that1         ,and the sugar-plums 
tumble1 of course1 to the ground--      
,hurrah for that chocolate cat6         
,there are marshmallows1 gumdrops1 and  
peppermint canes           ,with        
stripings of scarlet or gold1           
,and you carry away of the treasure that
 rains1           ,as much as your apron
 can hold6         ,so come1 little     
child1 cuddle closer to me           ,in
 your dainty white nightcap and gown1   
,and ,i'll rock you away to that        
,sugar-,plum ,tree           ,in the    
garden of ,shut-,eye ,town4    #cjb     
,,the ,,duel  ,,eugene ,,field          
,the gingham dog and the calico cat     
,side by side on the table sat2         
',twas half past twelve1 and 7what do   
you think67         ,nor one nor t'other
 had slept a wink6           ,the old   
,dutch clock and the ,chinese plate     
,appeared to know as sure as fate       
,there was going to be a terrible spat4 
7,i wasn't there2 ,i simply state       
,what was told to me by the ,chinese    

plate67          ,the gingham dog went  
,bow-wow-wow6         ,and the calico   
cat replied ,mee-ow6         ,the air   
was littered1 an hour or so1            
,with bits of gingham and calico1       
,while the old ,dutch clock in the      
chimney place           ,up with its    
hands before its face1         ,for it  
always dreaded a family row6            
7,now mind3 ,i'm only telling you       
,what the old ,dutch clock declares is  
true67          ,the ,chinese plate     
looked very blue1         ,and wailed1  
,oh1 dear6 what shall we do6            
,but the gingham dog and the calico cat 
,wallowed this way and tumbled that1    
,employing every tooth and claw         
,in the awfullest way you ever saw--    
,and1 oh6 how the gingham and calico    
flew6           7,don't fancy ,i        
exaggerate--           ,i got my news   
from the ,chinese plate67          ,next
 morning1 where the two had sat         
,they found no trace of dog or cat3     
,and some folks think unto this day     

,that burglars stole that pair away6    
,but the truth about the cat and pup    
,is this3 they ate each other up6       
,now what do you really think of that6  
7,the old ,dutch clock it told me so1   
,and that is how ,i came to know47      
#cjc          ,james ,whitcomb ,riley   
was born in ,greenfield1                
,indiana1 in #ahdi1 and died at         
,indianapolis in         #aiaf4 ,his    
success was largely due to his          
ability to present homely phases of life
 in the         ,hoosier dialect4 ,the  
,raggedy ,man is a good                 
illustration of this skill4 ,in his     
prime ,mr4         ,riley was an        
excellent oral interpreter of his       
own work1 and his personifications of   
the         ,hoosier types in his poems 
in recitals all over         the country
 had much to do with giving him an      
understanding body of readers4 ,he had  
much of         the power in which      
,stevenson was so         supreme--that 
power of remembering accurately         

and giving full expression to the points
 of         view of childhood4 ,the     
perennial fascination of         the    
circus as in ,the ,circus ,day ,parade  
illustrates this particularly well4 ,the
         ,treasures of the ,wise ,man   
represents another         class of ,mr4
 ,riley's poems in which he             
moralizes in a fashion that makes people
         willing to be preached at4 ,it 
may be said very         truly that most
 of his poems have their chief          
attraction in enabling older readers to 
recall         the almost vanished      
thrilling delights of         youth1 but
 poems that do that are generally       
found to interest children also4   ,,the
 ,,treasures ,,of ,,the ,,wise ,,man#a  
,,james ,,whitcomb ,,riley        ,o the
 night was dark and the night was late1 
,and the robbers came to rob him2       
,and they picked the locks of his palace
 gate1       ,the robbers that came to  
rob him--       ,they picked the locks  
of his palace gate1       ,seized his   

jewels and gems of state1       ,his    
coffers of gold and his priceless       
plate--       ,the robbers that came to 
rob him4        ,but loud laughed he in 
the morning red6--       ,for of what   
had the robbers robbed him8--       ,ho6
 hidden safe1 as he slept in bed1       
,when the robbers came to rob him1--    
,they robbed him not of a golden shred  
,of the childish dreams in his wise old 
head--       ,and they're welcome to all
 things else1 he said1       ,when the  
robbers came to rob him4    #cjd   ,,the
 ,,circus-,,day ,,parade#a  ,,james     
,,whitcomb ,,riley          ,oh1 the    
,circus-,day parade6 ,how the bugles    
played and played6         ,and how the 
glossy horses tossed their flossy manes1
 and neighed1         ,as the rattle and
 the rhyme of the tenor-drummer's time  
,filled all the hungry hearts of us with
 melody sublime6          ,how the grand
 band-wagon shone with a splendor all   
its own1         ,and glittered with a  
glory that our dreams had never known6  

,and how the boys behind1 high and low  
of every kind1         ,marched in      
unconscious capture1 with a rapture     
undefined6          ,how the horsemen1  
two and two1 with their plumes of white 
and blue1         ,and crimson1 gold and
 purple1 nodding by at me and you1      
,waved the banners that they bore1 as   
the ,knights in days of yore1           
,till our glad eyes gleamed and         
glistened like the spangles that        
they wore6          ,how the            
graceless-graceful stride of the        
elephant was eyed1         ,and the     
capers of the little horse that cantered
 at his side6         ,how the shambling
 camels1 tame to the plaudits of their  
fame1         ,with listless eyes came  
silent1 masticating as they came4       
,how the cages jolted past1 with each   
wagon battened fast1         ,and the   
mystery within it only hinted of at last
         ,from the little grated square 
in the rear1 and nosing there           
,the snout of some strange animal that  

sniffed the outer air6          ,and1   
last of all1 ,the ,clown1 making mirth  
for all the town1         ,with his lips
 curved ever upward and his eyebrows    
ever down1         ,and his chief       
attention paid to the little mule that  
played         ,a tattoo on the         
dashboard with his heels1 in the parade4
          ,oh6 the ,circus-,day parade6 
,how the bugles played and played6      
,and how the glossy horses tossed their 
flossy manes and neighed1         ,as   
the rattle and the rhyme of the         
tenor-drummer's time         ,filled all
 the hungry hearts of us with melody    
sublime6  ,,footnote3  #a ,from the     
,biographical ,edition of the ,complete 
,works of ,james ,whitcomb ,riley4      
,copyright #aiac4 ,used by special      
permission of the publishers1 ,the      
,bobbs-,merrill ,co4    #cje   ,,the    
,,raggedy ,,man#b  ,,james ,,whitcomb   
,,riley          ,o ,the ,raggedy ,man6 
,he works fer ,pa2         ,an' he's the
 goodest man ever you saw6         ,he  

comes to our house every day1           
,an' waters the horses1 an' feeds 'em   
hay2         ,an' he opens the shed--an'
 we all ist laugh         ,when he      
drives out our little old wobblely calf2
         ,an' nen--ef our hired girl    
says he can--         ,he milks the cow 
fer ',lizabuth ,ann4--           ,aint  
he a' awful good ,raggedy ,man8         
,raggedy6 ,raggedy6 ,raggedy ,man6      
,w'y1 ,the ,raggedy ,man--he's ist so   
good         ,he splits the kindlin' an'
 chops the wood2         ,an' nen he    
spades in our garden1 too1         ,an' 
does most things 'at boys can't do6--   
,he clumbed clean up in our big tree    
,an' shooked a' apple down fer me--     
,an' nother'n'1 too1 fer ',lizabuth     
,ann--         ,an' nother'n'1 too1 fer 
,the ,raggedy ,man--           ,aint he 
a' awful kind ,raggedy ,man8            
,raggedy6 ,raggedy6 ,raggedy ,man6      
,an' ,the ,raggedy ,man1 he knows most  
rhymes         ,an' tells 'em1 ef ,i be 
good1 sometimes3         ,knows 'bout   

,giunts1 an' ,griffuns1 an' ,elves1     
,an' the ,squidgicum-,squees 'at        
swallers therselves6         ,an'1 wite 
by the pump in our pasture-lot1         
,he showed me the hole 'at the ,wunks is
 got1         ',at lives 'way deep in   
the ground1 an' can         ,turn into  
me1 er ',lizabuth ,ann6           ,aint 
he a funny old ,raggedy ,man8           
,raggedy6 ,raggedy6 ,raggedy ,man6      
,the ,raggedy ,man--one time when he    
,wuz makin' a little bow-'n'-orry fer   
me1         ,says ,when you're big like 
your ,pa is1         ,air you go' to    
keep a fine store like his--            
,an' be a rich merchunt--an' wear fine  
clothes8--         ,er what air you go' 
to be1 goodness knows6         ,an' nen 
he laughed at ',lizabuth ,ann1          
,an' ,i says ',m go' to be a ,raggedy   
,man6           ,i'm ist go' to be a    
nice ,raggedy ,man6                     
,raggedy6 ,raggedy6 ,raggedy ,man6      
,,footnote3  #b ,from the ,biographical 
,edition of the ,complete ,works of     

,james ,whitcomb ,riley4 ,copyright     
#aiac4 ,used by special permission of   
the publishers1 ,the ,bobbs-,merrill    
,co4    #cjf          ,james ,hogg      
7#aggj-ahce7 was a poet of ,scotland    
and a contemporary of ,sir ,walter      
,scott4 ,he was         known as the    
,ettrick ,shepherd1 from the place      
of his birth and from the fact that as a
 boy he         tended the sheep4 ,he   
had little schooling and         was a  
thoroughly self-made man4 ,the strongly 
marked and energetic swing of the       
rhythm1         fitting in so well with 
the vigorous         out-of-door        
experiences suggested1 has made ,a      
,boy's ,song a great favorite4 ,other   
poems of         his that are still read
 are ,the ,skylark and         the verse
 fairy tale called ,kilmeny4   ,a       
,,boy',s ,,song  ,,james ,,hogg         
,where the pools are bright and deep1   
,where the gray trout lies asleep1      
,up the river and o'er the lea1         
,that's the way for ,billy and me4      

,where the blackbird sings the latest1  
,where the hawthorn blooms the sweetest1
         ,where the nestlings chirp and 
flee1         ,that's the way for ,billy
 and me4          ,where the mowers mow 
the cleanest1         ,where the hay    
lies thick and greenest1         ,there 
to track the homeward bee1              
,that's the way for ,billy and me4      
,where the hazel bank is steepest1      
,where the shadow falls the deepest1    
,where the clustering nuts fall free1   
,that's the way for ,billy and me4      
,why the boys should drive away         
,little sweet maidens from the play1    
,or love to banter and fight so well1   
,that's the thing ,i never could tell4  
,but this ,i know1 ,i love to play1     
,through the meadow1 among the hay2     
,up the river and o'er the lea1         
,that's the way for ,billy and me4      
#cjg          ,mary ,howitt             
7#agii-ahhh71 an ,english author and    
translator1 was the first to put ,hans  
,christian         ,andersen's tales    

into ,english4 ,she wrote on a          
great variety of subjects1 and much of  
her work         was useful and pleasing
 to a multitude of         readers old  
and young4 ,besides the following       
poem1 she is known well to young readers
 by her         ,the ,fairies of        
,caldon-,low4   ,,the ,,spider ,,and    
,,the ,,fly  ,,mary ,,howitt            
,will you walk into my parlor8          
,said the ,spider to the ,fly2          
',tis the prettiest little parlor       
,that ever you did spy4          ,the   
way into my parlor           ,is up a   
winding stair1         ,and ,i have many
 curious things           ,to show when 
you are there4          ,oh1 no1 no1    
said the little ,fly1           ,to ask 
me is in vain2         ,for who goes up 
your winding stair           ,can ne'er 
come down again4          ,i'm sure you 
must be weary1 dear1           ,with    
soaring up so high2         ,will you   
rest upon my little bed8           ,said
 the ,spider to the ,fly4               

,there are pretty curtains drawn around2
           ,the sheets are fine and     
thin1         ,and if you like to rest  
awhile1           ,i'll snugly tuck you 
in6          ,oh1 no1 no1 said the      
little ,fly1           ,for ,i've often 
heard it said1         ,they never1     
never wake again1           ,who sleep  
upon your bed4          ,said the       
cunning ,spider to the ,fly3            
,dear friend1 what can ,i do         ,to
 prove the warm affection               
,i've always felt for you8          ,i  
have within my pantry           ,good   
store of all that's nice3         ,i'm  
sure you're very welcome--              
,will you please to take a slice8       
,oh1 no1 no1 said the little ,fly1      
,kind sir1 that cannot be2         ,i've
 heard what's in your pantry1           
,and ,i do not wish to see4             
,sweet creature6 said the ,spider1      
,you're witty and you're wise2          
,how handsome are your gauzy wings      
,how brilliant are your eyes6           

,i have a little looking-glass          
,upon my parlor shelf2         ,if      
you'll step in one moment1 dear1        
,you shall behold yourself4          ,i 
thank you1 gentle sir1 she said1        
,for what you're pleased to say1        
,and1 bidding you good-morning now1     
,i'll call another day4          ,the   
,spider turned him round about4         
,and went into his den1         ,for    
well he knew the silly ,fly             
,would soon come back again3            
,so he wove a subtle web           ,in a
 little corner sly1         ,and set his
 table ready           ,to dine upon the
 ,fly4          ,then came out to his   
door again1           ,and merrily did  
sing3         ,come hither1 hither1     
pretty ,fly1           ,with the pearl  
and silver wing2          ,your robes   
are green and purple--                  
,there's a crest upon your head2        
,your eyes are like the diamond bright1 
,but mine are dull as lead6             
,alas1 alas6 how very soon              

,this silly little ,fly1                
,hearing his wily1 flattering words1    
,came slowly flitting by2          ,with
 buzzing wings she hung aloft1          
,then near and nearer drew1             
,thinking only of her brilliant eyes1   
,and green and purple hue--             
,thinking only of her crested head--    
,poor1 foolish thing6 ,at last1         
,up jumped the cunning ,spider1         
,and fiercely held her fast4            
,he dragged her up his winding stair1   
,into his dismal den1         ,within   
his little parlor--           ,but she  
ne'er came out again4          ,and now1
 dear little children1           ,who   
may this story read1         ,to idle1  
silly1 flattering words1           ,i   
pray you ne'er give heed4          ,unto
 an evil counsellor           ,close    
heart and ear and eye1         ,and take
 a lesson from this tale           ,of  
the ,spider and the ,fly4    #cjh       
,william ,howitt 7#agib-ahgi7 and his   
wife1 author         of the preceding   

poem1 worked together on many           
literary projects4 ,one of ,william     
,howitt's         poems1 ,the ,wind in a
 ,frolic1 has long found a         place
 in collections for children4 ,it       
presents         the wind in a          
sprightly1 mischievous1 and             
boisterous mood4   ,,the ,,wind ,,in ,a 
,,frolic  ,,william ,,howitt            
,the wind one morning sprang up from    
sleep1         ,saying1 ,now for a      
frolic6 now for a leap6         ,now for
 a madcap galloping chase6         ,i'll
 make a commotion in every place6       
,so it swept with a bustle right through
 a great town1         ,cracking the    
signs and scattering down               
,shutters2 and whisking1 with merciless 
squalls1         ,old women's bonnets   
and gingerbread stalls1         ,there  
never was heard a much lustier shout1   
,as the apples and oranges trundled     
about2         ,and the urchins that    
stand with their thievish eyes          
,for ever on watch1 ran off each with a 

prize4          ,then away to the field 
it went1 blustering and humming1        
,and the cattle all wondered whatever   
was coming2         ,it plucked by the  
tails the grave matronly cows1          
,and tossed the colts' manes all over   
their brows2         ,till1 offended at 
such an unusual salute1         ,they   
all turned their backs1 and stood sulky 
and mute4          ,so on it went       
capering and playing its pranks1        
,whistling with reeds on the broad      
river's banks1         ,puffing the     
birds as they sat on the spray1         
,or the traveller grave on the king's   
highway4         ,it was not too nice to
 hustle the bags         ,of the beggar1
 and flutter his dirty rags2            
',twas so bold that it feared not to    
play its joke         ,with the doctor's
 wig or the gentleman's cloak4          
,through the forest it roared1 and cried
 gaily1 ,now1         ,you sturdy old   
oaks1 ,i'll make you bow6         ,and  
it made them bow without more ado1      

,or it cracked their great branches     
through and through4          ,then it  
rushed like a monster on cottage and    
farm1         ,striking their dwellers  
with sudden alarm2         ,and they ran
 out like bees in a midsummer swarm2--  
,there were dames with their kerchiefs  
tied over their caps1         ,to see if
 their poultry were free from mishaps2  
,the turkeys they gobbled1 the geese    
screamed aloud1         ,and the hens   
crept to roost in a terrified crowd2    
,there was rearing of ladders1 and logs 
laying on1         ,where the thatch    
from the roof threatened soon to be     
gone4          ,but the wind had swept  
on1 and had met in a lane         ,with 
a schoolboy1 who panted and struggled in
 vain2         ,for it tossed him and   
twirled him1 then passed1 and he stood  
,with his hat in a pool and his shoes in
 the mud4          ,then away went the  
wind in its holiday glee1         ,and  
now it was far on the billowy sea1      
,and the lordly ships felt its          

staggering blow1         ,and the little
 boats darted to and fro4          ,but 
lo6 it was night1 and it sank to rest   
,on the sea-bird's rock in the gleaming 
,west1         ,laughing to think1 in   
its fearful fun1         ,how little of 
mischief it really had done4            
,ann ,taylor 7#aghb-ahff7 and ,jane     
,taylor         7#aghc-ahbd71 ,english  
writers of verse and prose         for  
children1 have earned a permanent place 
in         the history of juvenile      
literature on account         of the    
real worth of their work and because    
they were among the first authors to    
write         poetry especially for     
children4 ,they published               
jointly three volumes of verse for      
children3         ,original ,poems for  
,infant ,minds1 ,rhymes for         the 
,nursery1 and ,hymns for ,infant ,minds4
         ,many of their poems seem a    
little too didactic1         but they   
were genuine in their ethical           
earnestness and largely succeeded in    

putting         things in terms of the  
child's own         comprehension4 ,the 
four poems given here         represent 
them at their best1 which was good      
enough to win the admiration of ,sir    
,walter         ,scott4    #cji   ,,the 
,,cow  ,,ann ,,taylor           ,thank  
you1 pretty cow1 that made              
,pleasant milk to soak my bread1        
,every day and every night1             
,warm1 and fresh1 and sweet1 and white4 
,do not chew the hemlock rank1          
,growing on the weedy bank2         ,but
 the yellow cowslips eat1         ,that 
will make it very sweet4          ,where
 the purple violet grows1         ,where
 the bubbling water flows1              
,where the grass is fresh and fine1     
,pretty cow1 go there and dine4    #caj 
,,meddlesome ,,matty  ,,ann ,,taylor    
,one ugly trick has often spoiled       
,the sweetest and the best2             
,matilda1 though a pleasant child1      
,one ugly trick possessed1              
,which1 like a cloud before the skies1  

,hid all her better qualities4          
,sometimes she'd lift the tea-pot lid1  
,to peep at what was in it2         ,or 
tilt the kettle1 if you did             
,but turn your back a minute4           
,in vain you told her not to touch1     
,her trick of meddling grew so much4    
,her grandmamma went out one day        
,and by mistake she laid         ,her   
spectacles and snuff-box gay            
,too near the little maid2         ,ah6 
well1 thought she1 ,i'll try them on1   
,as soon as grandmamma is gone4         
,forthwith she placed upon her nose     
,the glasses large and wide2            
,and looking round1 as ,i suppose1      
,the snuff-box too she spied3           
,oh6 what a pretty box is that2         
,i'll open it1 said little ,matt4       
,i know that grandmamma would say1      
',don't meddle with it1 dear1'          
,but then1 she's far enough away1       
,and no one else is near3               
,besides1 what can there be amiss       
,in opening such a box as this8         

,so thumb and finger went to work       
,to move the stubborn lid1         ,and 
presently a mighty jerk           ,the  
mighty mischief did2         ,for all at
 once1 ah6 woeful case1         ,the    
snuff came puffing in her face4         
,poor eyes1 and nose1 and mouth beside  
,a dismal sight presented2         ,in  
vain1 as bitterly she cried1            
,her folly she repented4         ,in    
vain she ran about for ease2            
,she could do nothing else but sneeze4  
,she dashed the spectacles away1        
,to wipe her tingling eyes1         ,and
 as in twenty bits they lay1            
,her grandmamma she spies4              
,heyday6 and what's the matter now8     
,says grandmamma with lifted brow4      
,matilda1 smarting with the pain1       
,and tingling still1 and sore1          
,made many a promise to refrain         
,from meddling evermore4         ,and   
'tis a fact1 as ,i have heard1          
,she ever since has kept her word4      
#caa   ,i ,,like ,,little ,,pussy       

,,jane ,,taylor          ,i like little 
,pussy1           ,her coat is so warm2 
,and if ,i don't hurt her               
,she'll do me no harm4         ,so ,i'll
 not pull her tail1           ,nor drive
 her away1         ,but ,pussy and ,i   
,very gently will play2         ,she    
shall sit by my side1           ,and    
,i'll give her some food2         ,and  
she'll love me because           ,i am  
gentle and good4          ,i'll pat     
little ,pussy1           ,and then she  
will purr1         ,and thus show her   
thanks           ,for my kindness to    
her2         ,i'll not pinch her ears1  
,nor tread on her paw1         ,lest ,i 
should provoke her           ,to use her
 sharp claw2         ,i never will vex  
her1           ,nor make her displeased1
         ,for ,pussy can't bear         
,to be worried or teased4    #cab       
,,the ,,star  ,,jane ,,taylor           
,twinkle1 twinkle1 little star1         
,how ,i wonder what you are4         ,up
 above the world so high1         ,like 

a diamond in the sky4          ,when the
 blazing sun is gone1         ,when he  
nothing shines upon1         ,then you  
show your little light1                 
,twinkle1 twinkle1 all the night4       
,then the traveler in the dark          
,thanks you for your tiny spark2        
,he could not see which way to go1      
,if you did not twinkle so4          ,in
 the dark blue sky you keep1            
,and often through my curtains peep1    
,for you never shut your eye            
,till the sun is in the sky4            
,as your bright and tiny spark          
,lights the traveler in the dark1       
,though ,i know not what you are1       
,twinkle1 twinkle1 little star4         
,although ,christina ,g4 ,rossetti      
7#ahcj-ahid7 is         not known       
primarily as a writer for children1     
her ,sing-,song1 from which the next    
seven         poems are taken1 is a     
juvenile classic4 ,she         ranks    
very high among the women poets of the  
nineteenth century1 her only equal being

 ,mrs4         ,browning4 ,besides the  
brief poems in         ,sing-,song1     
,miss ,rossetti's ,goblin ,market       
and ,uphill please young people of a    
contemplative mood4 ,while there is an  
undercurrent of sadness in much of her  
work1 it         is a natural           
accompaniment of her themes and is      
not unduly emphasized4    #cac          
,,seldom ,,or ,,never  ,,christina ,g4  
,,rossetti          ,seldom can't1      
,seldom don't2         ,never shan't1   
,never won't4    #cad   ,,an ,,emerald  
,,is ,,as ,,green ,,as ,,grass          
,,christina ,g4 ,,rossetti          ,an 
emerald is as green as grass2           
,a ruby1 red as blood2         ,a       
sapphire shines as blue as heaven2      
,a flint lies in the mud4          ,a   
diamond is a brilliant stone            
,to catch the world's desire2           
,an opal holds a fiery spark2           
,but a flint holds fire4    #cae        
,,boats ,,sail ,,on ,,the ,,rivers      
,,christina ,g4 ,,rossetti              

,boats sail on the rivers1              
,and ships sail on the seas2            
,but clouds that sail across the sky    
,are prettier far than these4           
,there are bridges on the rivers1       
,as pretty as you please2         ,but  
the bow that bridges heaven1            
,and overtops the trees1         ,and   
builds a road from earth to sky1        
,is prettier far than these4    #caf  ,a
 ,,diamond ,,or ,a ,,coal8  ,,christina 
,g4 ,,rossetti          ,a diamond or a 
coal8           ,a diamond1 if you      
please2         ,who cares about a      
clumsy coal           ,beneath the      
summer trees8          ,a diamond or a  
coal8           ,a coal1 sir1 if you    
please2         ,one comes to care about
 the coal           ,at times when      
waters freeze4    #cag   ,,the ,,swallow
  ,,christina ,g4 ,,rossetti            
,fly away1 fly away over the sea1       
,sun-loving swallow1 for summer is done2
         ,come again1 come again1 come  
back to me1           ,bringing the     

summer and bringing the sun4    #cah    
,,who ,,has ,,seen ,,the ,,wind8        
,,christina ,g4 ,,rossetti          ,who
 has seen the wind8           ,neither  
,i nor you3         ,but when the leaves
 hang trembling1           ,the wind is 
passing thro'4          ,who has seen   
the wind8           ,neither you nor ,i3
         ,but when the trees bow down   
their heads1           ,the wind is     
passing by4    #cai   ,,milking ,,time  
,,christina ,g4 ,,rossetti              
,when the cows come home the milk is    
coming2         ,honey's made while the 
bees are humming2         ,duck and     
drake on the rushy lake1         ,and   
the deer live safe in the breezy brake2 
,and timid1 funny1 pert little bunny    
,winks his nose1 and sits all sunny4    
#cbj          ,william ,brighty ,rands  
7#ahbc-ahhb71 an ,english         author
 writing under the name of ,matthew     
,browne1 produced in his ,lilliput      
,lyrics a         juvenile masterpiece  
containing much verse         worthy to 

live4 ,the two poems that follow are    
decidedly successful in catching that   
elusive         something called the    
child's point of view4   ,,the          
,,peddler',s ,,caravan  ,,william       
,,brighty ,,rands          ,i wish ,i   
lived in a caravan         ,with a horse
 to drive1 like a peddler-man6          
,where he comes from nobody knows1      
,or where he goes to1 but on he goes6   
,his caravan has windows two1           
,and a chimney of tin1 that the smoke   
comes through2         ,he has a wife1  
with a baby brown1         ,and they go 
riding from town to town4               
,chairs to mend1 and delf to sell6      
,he clashes the basins like a bell2     
,tea-trays1 baskets ranged in order1    
,plates1 with alphabets round the       
border6          ,the roads are brown1  
and the sea is green1         ,but his  
house is like a bathing-machine2        
,the world is round1 and he can ride1   
,rumble and slash1 to the other side6   
,with the peddler-man ,i should like to 

roam1         ,and write a book when ,i 
came home2         ,all the people would
 read my book1         ,just like the   
,travels of ,captain ,cook6    #cba     
,,the ,,wonderful ,,world  ,,william    
,,brighty ,,rands          ,great1 wide1
 beautiful1 wonderful ,world1           
,with the wonderful water round you     
curled1         ,and the wonderful grass
 upon your breast--         ,world1 you 
are beautifully dressed6          ,the  
wonderful air is over me1         ,and  
the wonderful wind is shaking the tree--
         ,it walks on the water1 and    
whirls the mills1         ,and talks to 
itself on the top of the hills4         
,you friendly ,earth1 how far do you go1
         ,with the wheat-fields that nod
 and the rivers that flow1         ,with
 cities and gardens and cliffs and      
isles1         ,and the people upon you 
for thousands of miles8          ,ah6   
you are so great1 and ,i am so small1   
,i hardly can think of you1 ,world1 at  
all2         ,and yet1 when ,i said my  

prayers to-day1         ,my mother      
kissed me1 and said1 quite gay1         
,if the wonderful ,world is great to    
you1         ,and great to father and   
mother1 too1         ,you are more than 
the ,earth1 though you are such a dot6  
,you can love and think1 and the ,earth 
cannot6    #cbb          ,richard       
,monckton ,milnes 7,lord ,houghton1     
#ahji-ahhe71 an ,english poet1 wrote one
 poem         that has held its own in  
children's         collections4 ,its    
quiet mood of industry at one           
with the gentler influences of nature is
         especially appealing4          
,,good-,,night ,,and ,,good-,,morning   
,,richard ,,monckton ,,milnes           
,a fair little girl sat under a tree1   
,sewing as long as her eyes could see2  
,then smoothed her work and folded it   
right         ,and said1 ,dear work1    
good-night1 good-night6          ,such a
 number of rooks came over her head1    
,crying ,caw6 ,caw6 on their way to bed1
         ,she said1 as she watched their

 curious flight1         ,little black  
things1 good-night1 good-night6         
,the horses neighed1 and the oxen lowed1
         ,the sheep's ,bleat6 ,bleat6   
came over the road2         ,all seeming
 to say1 with a quiet delight1          
,good little girl1 good-night1          
good-night6          ,she did not say to
 the sun1 ,good-night6         ,though  
she saw him there like a ball of light2 
,for she knew he had ,god's time to keep
         ,all over the world and never  
could sleep4          ,the tall pink    
foxglove bowed his head2         ,the   
violets curtsied1 and went to bed2      
,and good little ,lucy tied up her hair1
         ,and said1 on her knees1 her   
favorite prayer4          ,and while on 
her pillow she softly lay1         ,she 
knew nothing more till again it was day2
         ,and all things said to the    
beautiful sun1         ,good-morning1   
good-morning6 our work is begun4    #cbc
          ,it is quite impossible for us
 to realize why         the ,english    

reading public should have been so      
excited over the following poem in the  
years         immediately following its 
first appearance in         #ahjf4 ,it  
attracted the attention of royalty1     
was set to music1 had a host of         
imitators1 and         established      
itself as a nursery classic4 ,it was    
written by ,william ,roscoe             
7#agec-ahca71         historian1 banker1
 and poet1 for his son         ,robert1 
and was merely an entertaining skit     
upon an actual banquet4 ,probably the   
fact that         the characters at the 
butterfly's ball were         drawn with
 human faces in the original            
illustrations to represent the prominent
 guests         at the actual banquet   
had much to do with the         initial 
success4 ,the impulse which it received 
a hundred years ago1 coupled with its   
own         undoubted power of fancy1   
has projected it thus         far1 and  
children seem inclined to approve and   
still further insure its already long   

life4   ,,the ,,butterfly',s ,,ball     
,,william ,,roscoe          ,come1 take 
up your hats1 and away let us haste     
,to the ,butterfly's ,ball and the      
,grasshopper's ,feast1         ,the     
,trumpeter1 ,gadfly1 has summon'd the   
crew1         ,and the ,revels are now  
only waiting for you4         ,so said  
little ,robert1 and pacing along1       
,his merry ,companions came forth in a  
throng1         ,and on the smooth      
,grass by the side of a ,wood1          
,beneath a broad oak that for ages had  
stood1         ,saw the ,children of    
,earth and the ,tenants of ,air         
,for an ,evening's ,amusement together  
repair4          ,and there came the    
,beetle1 so blind and so black1         
,who carried the ,emmet1 his friend1 on 
his back1         ,and there was the    
,gnat and the ,dragonfly too1           
,with all their ,relations1 green1      
orange and blue4         ,and there came
 the ,moth1 with his plumage of down1   
,and the ,hornet in jacket of yellow and

 brown2         ,who with him the ,wasp1
 his companion1 did bring1         ,but 
they promised that evening to lay by    
their sting4         ,and the sly little
 ,dormouse crept out of his hole1       
,and brought to the ,feast his blind    
,brother1 the ,mole2         ,and the   
,snail1 with his horns peeping out of   
his shell1         ,came from a great   
distance1 the length of an ell4         
,a ,mushroom1 their ,table1 and on it   
was laid         ,a water-dock leaf1    
which a table-cloth made4         ,the  
,viands were various1 to each of their  
taste1         ,and the ,bee brought her
 honey to crown the ,repast4            
,then close on his haunches1 so solemn  
and wise1         ,the ,frog from a     
corner look'd up to the skies2          
,and the ,squirrel1 well pleased such   
diversion to see1         ,mounted high 
overhead and look'd down from a tree4   
,then out came the ,spider1 with finger 
so fine1         ,to show his dexterity 
on the tight-line1         ,from one    

branch to another his cobwebs he slung1 
,then quick as an arrow he darted along1
         ,but just in the middle--oh6   
shocking to tell1         ,from his     
rope1 in an instant1 poor ,harlequin    
fell4         ,yet he touch'd not the   
ground1 but with talons outspread1      
,hung suspended in air1 at the end of a 
thread4          ,then the ,grasshopper 
came with a jerk and a spring1          
,very long was his ,leg1 though but     
short was his ,wing2         ,he took   
but three leaps1 and was soon out of    
sight1         ,then chirp'd his own    
praises the rest of the night4          
,with step so majestic the ,snail did   
advance1         ,and promised the      
,gazers a ,minuet to dance2         ,but
 they all laughed so loud that he pulled
 in his head1         ,and went in his  
own little chamber to bed4         ,then
 as ,evening gave way to the shadows of 
,night1         ,their ,watchman1 the   
,glowworm1 came out with a light4       
,then ,home let us hasten while yet we  

can see1         ,for no ,watchman is   
waiting for you and for me4         ,so 
said little ,robert1 and pacing along1  
,his merry ,companions return'd in a    
throng4    #cbd   ,,can ,,you8  ,,author
 ,,unknown          ,can you put the    
spider's web back in place              
,that once has been swept away8         
,can you put the apple again on the     
bough           ,which fell at our feet 
to-day8         ,can you put the        
lily-cup back on the stem           ,and
 cause it to live and grow8         ,can
 you mend the butterfly's broken wing   
,that you crush with a hasty blow8      
,can you put the bloom again on the     
grape           ,and the grape again on 
the vine8         ,can you put the      
dewdrops back on the flowers            
,and make them sparkle and shine8       
,can you put the petals back on the     
rose8           ,if you could1 would it 
smell as sweet8         ,can you put the
 flour again in the husk1           ,and
 show me the ripened wheat8         ,can

 you put the kernel again in the nut1   
,or the broken egg in the shell8        
,can you put the honey back in the comb1
           ,and cover with wax each     
cell8         ,can you put the perfume  
back in the vase           ,when once it
 has sped away8         ,can you put the
 corn-silk back on the corn1            
,or down on the catkins1 say8           
,you think my questions are trifling1   
lad1           ,let me ask you another  
one3         ,can a hasty word be ever  
unsaid1           ,or a deed unkind1    
undone8    #cbe          ,in #ahda      
,robert ,browning 7#ahab-ahhi7 published
 a         drama in verse entitled      
,pippa ,passes4 ,pippa         was a    
little girl who worked in the silkmills 
of an ,italian city4 ,when her one      
holiday of the         year came1 she   
arose early and went singing out        
of town to the hills to enjoy the day4  
,various         people who were        
planning to do evil heard her           
songs as she passed and did not do the  

wicked         things they had intended 
to do4 ,the next day         ,pippa     
returned to her usual work and never    
knew         that her songs had changed 
the lives of many         people4 ,the  
following is the first of ,pippa's      
songs4   ,,pippa',s ,,song  ,,robert    
,,browning          ,the year's at the  
spring1         ,and day's at the morn2 
,morning's at seven2         ,the       
hill-side's dew-pearled2         ,the   
lark's on the wing2         ,the snail's
 on the thorn2         ,god's in ,his   
,heaven--         ,all's right with the 
world6    #cbf          ,charles ,mackay
 7#ahad-ahhi7 was an ,english           
journalist1 poet1 and miscellaneous     
writer4 ,he         was especially      
popular as a writer of songs1           
composing both words and music4 ,other  
well-known poems of his are ,the ,miller
 of ,dee         and ,tubal ,cain4      
,little and ,great presents a           
familiar idea through a series of       
illustrations--the idea that great and  

lasting         results may spring from 
unstudied deeds of         helpfulness  
and love4   ,,little ,,and ,,great      
,,charles ,,mackay          ,a traveler 
on a dusty road           ,strewed      
acorns on the lea2         ,and one took
 root and sprouted up1           ,and   
grew into a tree4         ,love sought  
its shade at evening-time1           ,to
 breathe its early vows2         ,and   
,age was pleased1 in heats of noon1     
,to bask beneath its boughs4            
,the dormouse loved its dangling twigs1 
,the birds sweet music bore--           
,it stood a glory in its place1         
,a blessing evermore4          ,a little
 spring had lost its way           ,amid
 the grass and fern2         ,a passing 
stranger scooped a well           ,where
 weary men might turn2         ,he      
walled it in1 and hung with care        
,a ladle at the brink2         ,he      
thought not of the deed he did1         
,but judged that ,toil might drink4     
,he passed again2 and lo6 the well1     

,by summer never dried1         ,had    
cooled ten thousand parched tongues1    
,and saved a life beside4          ,a   
dreamer dropped a random thought2       
',twas old1 and yet 'twas new2          
,a simple fancy of the brain1           
,but strong in being true4         ,it  
shone upon a genial mind1               
,and1 lo6 its light became         ,a   
lamp of life1 a beacon ray1           ,a
 monitory flame4         ,the thought   
was small2 its issue great2           ,a
 watch-fire on the hill1         ,it    
sheds its radiance far adown1           
,and cheers the valley still4           
,a nameless man1 amid the crowd         
,that thronged the daily mart1          
,let fall a word of hope and love1      
,unstudied from the heart1--         ,a 
whisper on the tumult thrown1           
,a transitory breath1--         ,it     
raised a brother from the dust1         
,it saved a soul from death4         ,o 
germ6 ,o fount6 ,o word of love6        
,o thought at random cast6         ,ye  

were but little at the first1           
,but mighty at the last4    #cbg        
,the following poem by ,mrs4 ,hemans    
7#agic-ahce71         an ,english poet1 
is remembered for its historic          
interest4 ,louis ,casabianca1 a         
,frenchman1         served on a war ship
 that helped convey ,french             
troops to ,america1 to aid the colonists
 during         the ,revolution4 ,later1
 when ,napoleon attempted         to    
conquer ,egypt1 he was captain of the   
admiral's flagship during the battle of 
the         ,nile4 ,when the admiral was
 killed1 he took         command of the 
fleet at the moment of defeat4          
,he blew up his ship1 after the crew had
 been         saved1 rather than        
surrender it4 ,his         ten-year-old 
son refused to leave and perished       
with his father4   ,,casabianca         
,,felicia ,,dorothea ,,hemans           
,the boy stood on the burning deck1     
,whence all but him had fled2           
,the flame that lit the battle's wreck  

,shone round him o'er the dead4         
,yet beautiful and bright he stood1     
,as born to rule the storm2         ,a  
creature of heroic blood1           ,a  
proud1 though child-like form4          
,the flames rolled on2 he would not go  
,without his father's word2             
,that father1 faint in death below1     
,his voice no longer heard4          ,he
 called aloud1 ,say1 father1 say1       
,if yet my task be done6         ,he    
knew not that the chieftain lay         
,unconscious of his son4                
,speak1 father6 once again he cried1    
,if ,i may yet be gone6         ,and but
 the booming shots replied1             
,and fast the flames rolled on4         
,upon his brow he felt their breath1    
,and in his waving hair1         ,and   
looked from that lone post of death     
,in still1 yet brave despair4           
,and shouted but once more aloud1       
,my father6 must ,i stay8         ,while
 o'er him1 fast1 through sail and       
shroud1           ,the wreathing fires  

made way4          ,they wrapt the ship 
in splendor wild1           ,they caught
 the flag on high1         ,and streamed
 above the gallant child1               
,like banners in the sky4               
,there came a burst of thunder sound3   
,the boy1--oh6 where was he8            
,ask of the winds1 that far around      
,with fragments strewed the sea1--      
,with mast1 and helm1 and pennon fair1  
,that well had borne their part1--      
,but the noblest thing that perished    
there1           ,was that young1       
faithful heart4          ,the five      
numbers that follow are from the works  
of the great ,english poet and mystic   
,william         ,blake 7#ageg-ahbg74   
,all except the first are         given 
in their entirety4 ,no4 #cbh is made up 
of         three couplets taken from the
 loosely strung         together        
,auguries of ,innocence4 ,nos4 #cbi1    
#ccj1 and #ccb are from ,songs of       
,innocence         7#aghi71 where the   
last was printed as an                  

introduction without any other title4   
,no4 #cca         is from ,songs of     
,experience 7#agid74 ,blake             
labored in obscurity and poverty1 though
 he has         now come to be regarded 
as one of ,england's         most       
important poets4 ,it is not necessary   
that         children should understand 
fully all that ,blake         says1 but 
it is important for teachers to         
realize that most children are natural  
mystics         and that ,blake's       
poetry1 more than any other1         is 
the natural food for them4    #cbh      
,,three ,,things ,,to ,,remember        
,,william ,,blake          ,a ,robin    
,redbreast in a cage1         ,puts all 
heaven in a rage4          ,a skylark   
wounded on the wing         ,doth make a
 cherub cease to sing4          ,he who 
shall hurt the little wren              
,shall never be beloved by men4    #cbi 
,,the ,,lamb  ,,william ,,blake         
,little lamb1 who made thee8            
,dost thou know who made thee1          

,gave thee life1 and bade thee feed     
,by the stream and o'er the mead2       
,gave thee clothing of delight1         
,softest clothing1 woolly1 bright2      
,gave thee such a tender voice1         
,making all the vales rejoice8          
,little lamb1 who made thee8            
,dost thou know who made thee8          
,little lamb1 ,i'll tell thee1          
,little lamb1 ,i'll tell thee4          
,he is called by thy name1         ,for 
,he calls himself a ,lamb3         ,he  
is meek and he is mild1         ,he     
became a little child4         ,i a     
child and thou a lamb1         ,we are  
called by ,his name4           ,little  
lamb1 ,god bless thee1           ,little
 lamb1 ,god bless thee4    #ccj   ,,the 
,,shepherd  ,,william ,,blake           
,how sweet is the shepherd's sweet lot2 
,from the morn to the evening he strays2
         ,he shall follow his sheep all 
the day1         ,and his tongue shall  
be filled with praise4          ,for he 
hears the lambs' innocent call1         

,and he hears the ewes' tender reply2   
,he is watchful while they are in peace1
         ,for they know when their      
shepherd is nigh4    #cca   ,,the       
,,tiger  ,,william ,,blake              
,tiger1 tiger1 burning bright           
,in the forests of the night1           
,what immortal hand or eye              
,could frame thy fearful symmetry8      
,in what distant deeps or skies         
,burnt the fire of thine eyes8          
,on what wings dare he aspire8          
,what the hand dare seize thy fire8     
,and what shoulder and what art         
,could twist the sinews of thy heart8   
,and when thy heart began to beat1      
,what dread hand formed thy dread feet8 
,what the hammer8 what the chain8       
,in what furnace was thy brain8         
,what the anvil8 what dread grasp       
,dare its deadly terrors clasp8         
,when the stars threw down their spears1
         ,and water'd heaven with their 
tears1         ,did ,he smile ,his work 
to see8         ,did ,he who made the   

lamb make thee8          ,tiger1 tiger1 
burning bright         ,in the forests  
of the night1         ,what immortal    
hand or eye         ,dare frame thy     
fearful symmetry8    #ccb   ,,the       
,,piper  ,,william ,,blake              
,piping down the valleys wild1          
,piping songs of pleasant glee1         
,on a cloud ,i saw a child1         ,and
 he laughing said to me3--              
,pipe a song about a lamb3         ,so  
,i piped with merry cheer4              
,piper1 pipe that song again3           
,so ,i piped2 he wept to hear4          
,drop thy pipe1 thy happy pipe1         
,sing thy songs of happy cheer3         
,so ,i sung the same again1             
,while he wept with joy to hear4        
,piper1 sit thee down and write         
,in a book that all may read4           
,so he vanish'd from my sight2          
,and ,i pluck'd a hollow reed1          
,and ,i made a rural pen1         ,and  
,i stain'd the water clear1         ,and
 ,i wrote my happy songs         ,every 

child may joy to hear4    #ccc          
,eliza ,cook 7#ahah-ahhi7 was an        
,english poet who         had quite a   
vogue in her day1 and whose poem        
,try ,again deals with one of those     
incidents         held in affectionate  
remembrance by youth4         ,bruce and
 the spider may be less historically    
true1 but it seems destined to eternal  
life         alongside ,leonidas and his
 ,spartans4 ,older         readers may  
remember ,miss ,cook's ,my ,old ,arm    
,chair1 which is usually given the place
 of         honor as her most popular   
poem4   ,,try ,,again  ,,eliza ,,cook   
,king ,bruce of ,scotland flung himself 
down           ,in a lonely mood to     
think3         ',tis true he was        
monarch1 and wore a crown1              
,but his heart was beginning to sink4   
,for he had been trying to do a great   
deed1           ,to make his people     
glad2         ,he had tried and tried1  
but couldn't succeed2           ,and so 
he became quite sad4          ,he flung 

himself down in low despair1            
,as grieved as man could be2            
,and after a while as he pondered there1
           ,i'll give it all up1 said   
he4          ,now1 just at the moment1 a
 spider dropped1           ,with its    
silken1 filmy clue2         ,and the    
,king1 in the midst of his thinking1    
stopped           ,to see what the      
spider would do4          ',twas a long 
way up to the ceiling dome1             
,and it hung by a rope so fine1         
,that how it would get to its cobweb    
home           ,king ,bruce could not   
divine4          ,it soon began to cling
 and crawl           ,straight up1 with 
strong endeavor2         ,but down it   
came with a slippery sprawl1            
,as near to the ground as ever4         
,up1 up it ran1 not a second to stay1   
,to utter the least complaint1          
,till it fell still lower1 and there it 
lay1           ,a little dizzy and      
faint4          ,its head grew          
steady--again it went1           ,and   

traveled a half yard higher2            
',twas a delicate thread it had to      
tread1           ,and a road where its  
feet would tire4          ,again it fell
 and swung below1           ,but again  
it quickly mounted2         ,till up and
 down1 now fast1 now slow1              
,nine brave attempts were counted4      
,sure1 cried the ,king1 that foolish    
thing           ,will strive no more to 
climb2         ,when it toils so hard to
 reach and cling1           ,and tumbles
 every time4          ,but up the insect
 went once more2           ,ah me6 'tis 
an anxious minute2         ,he's only a 
foot from his cobweb door4              
,oh1 say1 will he lose or win it8       
,steadily1 steadily1 inch by inch1      
,higher and higher he got2         ,and 
a bold little run at the very last pinch
           ,put him into his native cot4
          ,bravo1 bravo6 the ,king cried
 out2           ,all honor to those who 
try2         ,the spider up there1      
defied despair2           ,he conquered1

 and why shouldn't ,i8          ,and    
,bruce of ,scotland braced his mind1    
,and gossips tell the tale1             
,that he tried once more as he tried    
before1           ,and that time did not
 fail4          ,pay goodly heed1 all ye
 who read1           ,and beware of     
saying1 ,i can't2         ',tis a       
cowardly word1 and apt to lead          
,to idleness1 folly1 and want4          
,whenever you find your heart despair   
,of doing some goodly thing1            
,con over this strain1 try bravely      
again1           ,and remember the      
spider and ,king6    #ccd               
,nonsense verse seems to have its       
special place         in the economy of 
life as a sort of balance to         the
 over-serious tendency4 ,one of the two 
great         masters of verse of this  
sort was the ,english         author    
,edward ,lear 7#ahab-ahhh74 ,he was also
 a         famous illustrator of books  
and magazines4         ,among his       
juvenile books1 illustrated by          

himself1 were ,nonsense ,songs and ,more
         ,nonsense ,songs4 ,all his     
verse is now generally         published
 under the first title4 ,good nonsense  
verse precludes explanation1 the mind of
 the         hearer being too busy with 
the delightfully odd                    
combinations to figure on how they      
happened4   ,,the ,,owl ,,and ,,the     
,,pussy-,,cat  ,,edward ,,lear          
,the ,owl and the ,pussy-,cat went to   
sea           ,in a beautiful pea-green 
boat3         ,they took some honey1 and
 plenty of money           ,wrapped up  
in a five-pound note4         ,the ,owl 
looked up to the stars above1           
,and sang to a small guitar1         ,o 
lovely ,pussy1 ,o ,pussy1 my love1      
,what a beautiful ,pussy you are1       
,you are1               ,you are6       
,what a beautiful ,pussy you are6       
,pussy said to the ,owl1 ,you elegant   
fowl1           ,how charmingly sweet   
you sing6         ,oh6 let us be        
married2 too long we have tarried3      

,but what shall we do for a ring8       
,they sailed away1 for a year and a day1
           ,to the land where the       
bong-tree grows2         ,and there in a
 wood a ,piggy-wig stood1               
,with a ring at the end of his nose1    
,his nose1               ,his nose1     
,with a ring at the end of his nose4    
,dear ,pig1 are you willing to sell for 
one shilling           ,your ring8 ,said
 the ,piggy1 ,i will4         ,so they  
took it away1 and were married next day 
,by the ,turkey who lives on the hill4  
,they dined on mince1 and slices of     
quince1           ,which they ate with a
 runcible spoon2         ,and hand in   
hand1 on the edge of the sand1          
,they danced by the light of the moon1  
,the moon1               ,the moon1     
,they danced by the light of the moon4  
#cce   ,,the ,,table ,,and ,,the ,,chair
  ,,edward ,,lear          ,said the    
,table to the ,chair1         ,you can  
hardly be aware         ,how ,i suffer  
from the heat         ,and from         

chilblains on my feet4         ,if we   
took a little walk1         ,we might   
have a little talk2         ,pray let us
 take the air1         ,said the ,table 
to the ,chair4          ,said the ,chair
 unto the ,table1         ,now1 you know
 we are not able3         ,how foolishly
 you talk1         ,when you know we    
cannot walk6         ,said the ,table   
with a sigh1         ,it can do no harm 
to try4         ,i've as many legs as   
you3         ,why can't we walk on two8 
,so they both went slowly down1         
,and walked about the town         ,with
 a cheerful bumpy sound         ,as they
 toddled round and round2         ,and  
everybody cried1         ,as they       
hastened to their side1         ,see6   
the ,table and the ,chair         ,have 
come out to take the air6          ,but 
in going down an alley1         ,to a   
castle in a valley1         ,they       
completely lost their way1         ,and 
wandered all the day2         ,till1 to 
see them safely back1         ,they paid

 a ,ducky-quack1         ,and a ,beetle1
 and a ,mouse1         ,who took them to
 their house4          ,then they       
whispered to each other1         ,o     
delightful little brother1         ,what
 a lovely walk we've taken6         ,let
 us dine on beans and bacon4         ,so
 the ,ducky and the leetle              
,browny-mousy and the ,beetle           
,dined1 and danced upon their heads     
,till they toddled to their beds4       
#ccf   ,,the ,,pobble ,,who ,,has ,,no  
,,toes  ,,edward ,,lear          ,the   
,pobble who has no toes           ,had  
once as many as we2         ,when they  
said1 ,some day you may lose them all2  
,he replied--,fish fiddle-de-dee6       
,and his ,aunt ,jobiska made him drink  
,lavender water tinged with pink1       
,for she said1 ,the world in general    
knows         ,there's nothing so good  
for a ,pobble's toes6          ,the     
,pobble who has no toes           ,swam 
across the ,bristol ,channel2           
,but before he set out he wrapped his   

nose           ,in a piece of scarlet   
flannel4         ,for his ,aunt ,jobiska
 said1 ,no harm         ,can come to his
 toes if his nose is warm2         ,and 
it's perfectly known that a ,pobble's   
toes         ,are safe--provided he     
minds his nose4          ,the ,pobble   
swam fast and well1           ,and when 
boats or ships came near him         ,he
 tinkledy-binkledy-winkled a bell1      
,so that all the world could hear him4  
,and all the ,sailors and ,admirals     
cried1         ,when they saw him       
nearing the farther side1--         ,he 
has gone to fish for his ,aunt          
,jobiska's         ,runcible ,cat with  
crimson whiskers6          ,but before  
he touched the shore1           ,the    
shore of the ,bristol ,channel1         
,a sea-green ,porpoise carried away     
,his wrapper of scarlet flannel4        
,and when he came to observe his feet1  
,formerly garnished with toes so neat1  
,his face at once became forlorn        
,on perceiving that all his toes were   

gone6          ,and nobody ever knew1   
,from that dark day to the present1     
,whoso had taken the ,pobble's toes1    
,in a manner so far from pleasant4      
,whether the shrimps or crawfish gray1  
,or crafty ,mermaids stole them away--  
,nobody knew2 and nobody knows          
,how the ,pobble was robbed of his twice
 five toes6          ,the ,pobble who   
has no toes           ,was placed in a  
friendly ,bark1         ,and they rowed 
him back1 and carried him up            
,to his ,aunt ,jobiska's ,park4         
,and she made him a feast at his earnest
 wish         ,of eggs and buttercups   
fried with fish2--         ,and she     
said1--,it's a fact the whole world     
knows1         ,that ,pobbles are       
happier without their toes4    #ccg     
,the two great classics among modern    
nonsense         books are ,lewis       
,carroll's ,alice in ,wonderland        
and ,through the ,looking ,glass4 ,they 
are in         prose with poems         
interspersed4 ,the ,walrus and          

the ,carpenter1 is from ,through the    
,looking         ,glass1 while ,a       
,strange ,wild ,song1 is from           
,sylvie and ,bruno4 ,this latter book   
never         achieved the success of   
its forerunners1 though         it has  
some delightful passages1 as in the case
         of the poem given4 ,lewis      
,carroll was the         pseudonym of   
,charles ,lutwidge ,dodgson             
7#ahcb-ahih71 an ,english mathematician 
at ,oxford         ,university4   ,,the 
,,walrus ,,and ,,the ,,carpenter        
,,lewis ,,carroll          ,the sun was 
shining on the sea1           ,shining  
with all his might3         ,he did his 
very best to make           ,the billows
 smooth and bright--         ,and this  
was odd1 because it was           ,the  
middle of the night4          ,the moon 
was shining sulkily1           ,because 
she thought the sun         ,had got no 
business to be there           ,after   
the day was done--         ,it's very   
rude of him1 she said1           ,to    

come and spoil the fun6          ,the   
sea was wet as wet could be4            
,the sands were dry as dry4         ,you
 could not see a cloud1 because         
,no cloud was in the sky2         ,no   
birds were flying overhead--            
,there were no birds to fly4            
,the ,walrus and the ,carpenter         
,were walking close at hand2            
,they wept like anything to see         
,such quantities of sand3         ,if   
this were only cleared away1            
,they said1 it would be grand6          
,if seven maids with seven mops         
,swept it for half a year1         ,do  
you suppose1 the ,walrus said1          
,that they could get it clear8          
,i doubt it1 said the ,carpenter1       
,and shed a bitter tear4          ,o    
,oysters1 come and walk with us6        
,the ,walrus did beseech4         ,a    
pleasant walk1 a pleasant talk1         
,along the briny beach3         ,we     
cannot do with more than four1          
,to give a hand to each4          ,the  

eldest ,oyster looked at him1           
,but never a word he said3         ,the 
eldest ,oyster winked his eye1          
,and shook his heavy head--             
,meaning to say he did not choose       
,to leave the oyster-bed4          ,but 
four young ,oysters hurried up1         
,all eager for the treat3         ,their
 coats were brushed1 their faces washed1
           ,their shoes were clean and  
neat--         ,and this was odd1       
because1 you know1           ,they      
hadn't any feet4          ,four other   
,oysters followed them1           ,and  
yet another four2         ,and thick and
 fast they came at last1           ,and 
more1 and more1 and more--         ,all 
hopping through the frothy waves1       
,and scrambling to the shore4           
,the ,walrus and the ,carpenter         
,walked on a mile or so1         ,and   
then they rested on a rock              
,conveniently low3         ,and all the 
little ,oysters stood           ,and    
waited in a row4          ,the time has 

come1 the ,walrus said1           ,to   
talk of many things3         ,of        
shoes--and ships--and sealing wax       
,of cabbages--and kings--         ,and  
why the sea is boiling hot--            
,and whether pigs have wings4           
,but wait a bit1 the ,oysters cried1    
,before we have our chat2         ,for  
some of us are out of breath1           
,and all of us are fat6         ,no     
hurry6 said the ,carpenter4             
,they thanked him much for that4        
,a loaf of bread1 the ,walrus said1     
,is what we chiefly need3               
,pepper and vinegar besides             
,are very good indeed--         ,now if 
you're ready1 ,oysters dear1            
,we can begin to feed4          ,but not
 on us6 the ,oysters cried1             
,turning a little blue4         ,after  
such kindness1 that would be            
,a dismal thing to do6         ,the     
night is fine1 the ,walrus said4        
,do you admire the view8          ,it   
was so kind of you to come6             

,and you are very nice6         ,the    
,carpenter said nothing but             
,cut me another slice3         ,i wish  
you were not quite so deaf--            
,i've had to ask you twice6          ,it
 seems a shame1 the ,walrus said1       
,to play them such a trick1             
,after we've brought them out so far1   
,and made them trot so quick6           
,the ,carpenter said nothing but        
,the butter's spread too thick6         
,i weep for you1 the ,walrus said3      
,i deeply sympathize4         ,with sobs
 and tears he sorted out                
,those of the largest size1             
,holding his pocket handkerchief        
,before his streaming eyes4          ,o 
,oysters1 cried the ,carpenter1         
,you've had a pleasant run6             
,shall we be trotting home again8       
,but answer came there none--           
,and this was scarcely odd1 because     
,they'd eaten every one4    #cch   ,a   
,,strange ,,wild ,,song  ,,lewis        
,,carroll          ,he thought he saw a 

,buffalo           ,upon the            
chimney-piece3         ,he looked again1
 and found it was           ,his        
,sister's ,husband's ,niece4            
,unless you leave this house1 he said1  
,i'll send for the ,police4          ,he
 thought he saw a ,rattlesnake          
,that questioned him in ,greek3         
,he looked again1 and found it was      
,the ,middle of ,next ,week4            
,the one thing ,i regret1 he said1      
,is that it cannot speak6          ,he  
thought he saw a ,banker's ,clerk       
,descending from the 'bus3         ,he  
looked again1 and found it was          
,a ,hippopotamus4         ,if this      
should stay to dine1 he said1           
,there won't be much for us6            
,he thought he saw a ,kangaroo          
,that worked a coffee-mill2         ,he 
looked again1 and found it was          
,a ,vegetable-,pill4         ,were ,i to
 swallow this1 he said1           ,i    
should be very ill4          ,he thought
 he saw a ,coach and ,four              

,that stood beside his bed3         ,he 
looked again1 and found it was          
,a ,bear without a ,head4         ,poor 
thing1 he said1 poor silly thing6       
,it's waiting to be fed6          ,he   
thought he saw an ,albatross            
,that fluttered round the ,lamp3        
,he looked again1 and found it was      
,a ,penny ,postage-,stamp4              
,you'd best be getting home1 he said3   
,the nights are very damp6          ,he 
thought he saw a ,garden ,door          
,that opened with a key3         ,he    
looked again1 and found it was          
,a ,double-,rule-of-,three3         ,and
 all its mystery1 he said1           ,is
 clear as day to me6          ,he       
thought he saw an ,argument             
,that proved he was the ,pope3          
,he looked again1 and found it was      
,a ,bar of ,mottled ,soap4         ,a   
fact so dread1 he faintly said1         
,extinguishes all hope6    #cci         
,isaac ,watts 7#afgd-agdh7 was an       
,english minister         and the writer

 of many hymns still included in        
our hymn books4 ,he had a notion that   
verse         might be used as a means  
of religious and         ethical        
instruction for children1 and wrote     
some poems as illustrations of his      
theory so         that they might       
suggest to better poets how to          
carry out the idea4 ,but ,watts did this
 work so         well that two or three 
of his poems and several         of his 
stanzas have become common possessions4 
,they are dominated1 of course1 by the  
heavy         didactic moralizing1 but  
are all so genuine and         true that
 young readers feel their force and     
enjoy them4   ,,against ,,idleness ,,and
 ,,mischief  ,,isaac ,,watts            
,how doth the little busy bee           
,improve each shining hour1         ,and
 gather honey all the day               
,from every opening flower6             
,how skilfully she builds her cell1     
,how neat she spreads the wax6          
,and labors hard to store it well       

,with the sweet food she makes4         
,in works of labor or of skill1         
,i would be busy too2         ,for      
,satan finds some mischief still        
,for idle hands to do4          ,in     
books1 or work1 or healthful play1      
,let my first years be past1            
,that ,i may give for every day         
,some good account at last4    #cdj     
,,famous ,,passages ,,from ,,doctor     
,,watts          ,o 'tis a lovely thing 
for youth         ,to walk betimes in   
wisdom's way2         ,to fear a lie1 to
 speak the truth1         ,that we may  
trust to all they say4          ,but    
liars we can never trust1               
,though they should speak the thing     
that's true2         ,and he that does  
one fault at first1         ,and lies to
 hide it1 makes it two4                 
7,from ,against ,lying7                 
,whatever brawls disturb the street1    
,there should be peace at home2         
,where sisters dwell and brothers meet1 
,quarrels should never come4            

,birds in their little nests agree3     
,and 'tis a shameful sight1             
,when children of one family            
,fall out1 and chide1 and fight4        
7,from ,love between ,brothers and      
,sisters7           ,how proud we are6  
how fond to show         ,our clothes1  
and call them rich and new6             
,when the poor sheep and silk-worm wore 
,that very clothing long before4        
,the tulip and the butterfly            
,appear in gayer coats than ,i2         
,let me be dressed fine as ,i will1     
,flies1 worms1 and flowers exceed me    
still4          ,then will ,i set my    
heart to find         ,inward adornings 
of the mind2         ,knowledge and     
virtue1 truth and grace1         ,these 
are the robes of richest dress4         
7,from ,against ,pride in ,clothes7     
,let dogs delight to bark and bite1     
,for ,god hath made them so2            
,let bears and lions growl and fight1   
,for 'tis their nature to4              
,but1 children1 you should never let    

,such angry passions rise2         ,your
 little hands were never made           
,to tear each other's eyes4             
7,from ,against ,quarreling and         
,fighting7             ,most of the work
 of ,henry ,wadsworth ,longfellow       
7#ahjg-ahhb7 is within the range of     
children's         interests and        
comprehension4 ,three poems are         
given here1 ,the ,skeleton in ,armor1 as
         representative of ,longfellow's
 large group of         narrative poems1
 ,the ,day ,is ,done1 as an             
expression of the value of poetry in    
everyday         life1 and ,the ,psalm  
of ,life1 as the finest         and most
 popular example of his hortatory       
poems4    #cda          ,the ,skeleton  
in ,armor is one of ,longfellow's       
first and best ,american art ballads4   
,in         ,newport1 ,rhode ,island1 is
 an old stone tower         known as the
 ,round ,tower1 which some people       
think was built by the ,northmen1 though
 it         probably was not4 ,in #ahcf 

workmen unearthed a         strange     
skeleton at ,fall ,river1               
,massachusetts4         ,it was wrapped 
in bark and coarse cloth4 ,on the       
breast was a plate of brass1 and around 
the         waist was a belt of brass   
tubes4 ,apparently it         was not   
the skeleton of an ,indian1 and people  
supposed it might have been that of one 
of the         old ,norsemen4           
,longfellow used these two              
historic facts as a basis for the plot  
of his         poem1 which he wrote in  
#ahdj4   ,,the ,,skeleton ,,in ,,armor  
,,henry ,,wadsworth ,,longfellow        
,speak6 speak6 thou fearful guest6      
,who1 with thy hollow breast            
,still in rude armor drest1             
,comest to daunt me6         ,wrapt not 
in ,eastern balms1         ,but with thy
 fleshless palms         ,stretched1 as 
if asking alms1             ,why dost   
thou haunt me8          ,then1 from     
those cavernous eyes         ,pale      
flashes seemed to rise1         ,as when

 the ,northern skies             ,gleam 
in ,december2         ,and1 like the    
water's flow         ,under ,december's 
snow1         ,came a dull voice of woe 
,from the heart's chamber4          ,i  
was a ,viking old6         ,my deeds1   
though manifold1         ,no ,skald in  
song has told1             ,no ,saga    
taught thee6         ,take heed1 that in
 thy verse         ,thou dost the tale  
rehearse1         ,else dread a dead    
man's curse6             ,for this ,i   
sought thee4          ,far in the       
,northern ,land1         ,by the wild   
,baltic's strand1         ,i1 with my   
childish hand1             ,tamed the   
ger-falcon2         ,and1 with my skates
 fast-bound4         ,skimmed the       
half-frozen ,sound1         ,that the   
poor whimpering hound                   
,trembled to walk on4          ,oft to  
his frozen lair         ,tracked ,i the 
grisly bear1         ,while from my path
 the hare             ,fled like a      
shadow2         ,oft through the forest 

dark         ,followed the were-wolf's  
bark1         ,until the soaring lark   
,sang from the meadow4          ,but    
when ,i older grew1         ,joining a  
corsair's crew1         ,o'er the dark  
sea ,i flew             ,with the       
marauders4         ,wild was the life we
 led2         ,many the souls that sped1
         ,many the hearts that bled1    
,by our stern orders4          ,many a  
wassail-bout         ,wore the long     
,winter out2         ,often our midnight
 shout             ,set the cocks       
crowing1         ,as we the ,berserk's  
tale         ,measured in cups of ale1  
,draining the oaken pail1               
,filled to o'erflowing4          ,once1 
as ,i told in glee         ,tales of the
 stormy sea1         ,soft eyes did gaze
 on me1             ,burning1 yet       
tender2         ,and as the white stars 
shine         ,on the dark ,norway pine1
         ,on that dark heart of mine    
,fell their soft splendor4          ,i  
wooed the blue-eyed maid1               

,yielding1 yet half afraid1         ,and
 in the forest's shade             ,our 
vows were plighted4         ,under its  
loosened vest         ,fluttered her    
little breast1         ,like birds      
within their nest             ,by the   
hawk frighted4          ,bright in her  
father's hall         ,shields gleamed  
upon the wall1         ,loud sang the   
minstrels all1             ,chanting his
 glory3         ,when of old ,hildebrand
         ,i asked his daughter's hand1  
,mute did the minstrel stand            
,to hear my story4          ,while the  
brown ale he quaffed1         ,loud then
 the champion laughed1         ,and as  
the wind-gusts waft             ,the    
sea-foam brightly1         ,so the loud 
laugh of scorn1         ,out of those   
lips unshorn1         ,from the deep    
drinking-horn             ,blew the foam
 lightly4          ,she was a ,prince's 
child1         ,i but a ,viking wild1   
,and though she blushed and smiled1     
,i was discarded6         ,should not   

the dove so white         ,follow the   
sea-new's flight1         ,why did they 
leave that night             ,her nest  
unguarded8          ,scarce had ,i put  
to sea1         ,bearing the maid with  
me1--         ,fairest of all was she   
,among the ,norsemen6--         ,when on
 the white-sea strand1         ,waving  
his armed hand1         ,saw we old     
,hildebrand1             ,with twenty   
horsemen4          ,then launched they  
to the blast1         ,bent like a reed 
each mast1         ,yet we were gaining 
fast1             ,when the wind failed 
us2         ,and with a sudden flaw     
,came round the gusty ,skaw1         ,so
 that our foe we saw             ,laugh 
as he hailed us4          ,and as to    
catch the gale         ,round veered the
 flapping sail1         ',death6' was   
the helmsman's hail1             ,death 
without quarter6         ,mid-ships with
 iron-keel         ,struck we her ribs  
of steel2         ,down her black hulk  
did reel             ,through the black 

water4          ,as with his wings      
aslant1         ,sails the fierce       
cormorant1         ,seeking some rocky  
haunt1             ,with his prey laden2
         ,so toward the open main1      
,beating the sea again1         ,through
 the wild hurricane1             ,bore  
,i the maiden4          ,three weeks we 
westward bore1         ,and when the    
storm was o'er1         ,cloud-like we  
saw the shore             ,stretching to
 leeward2         ,there for my lady's  
bower         ,built ,i the lofty tower1
         ,which1 to this very hour1     
,stands looking seaward4          ,there
 lived we many years2         ,time     
dried the maiden's tears2         ,she  
had forgot her fears1             ,she  
was a mother2         ,death closed her 
mild blue eyes1         ,under that     
tower she lies2         ,ne'er shall the
 sun arise             ,on such another6
          ,still grew my bosom then1    
,still as a stagnant fen6               
,hateful to me were men1                

,the sunlight hateful6         ,in the  
vast forest here1         ,clad in my   
warlike gear1         ,fell ,i upon my  
spear1             ,oh1 death was       
grateful6          ,thus1 seamed with   
many scars1         ,bursting these     
prison bars1         ,up to its native  
stars             ,my soul ascended6    
,there from the flowing bowl            
,deep drinks the warrior's soul1        
,skoal6 to the ,northland6 ,skoal6      
--,thus the tale ended4    #cdb   ,,the 
,,day ,,is ,,done  ,,henry ,,wadsworth  
,,longfellow          ,the day is done1 
and the darkness         ,falls from the
 wings of ,night4         ,as a feather 
is wafted downward           ,from an   
eagle in its flight4          ,i see the
 lights of the village           ,gleam 
through the rain and the mist1          
,and a feeling of sadness comes o'er me 
,that my soul cannot resist3          ,a
 feeling of sadness and longing1        
,that is not akin to pain1         ,and 
resembles sorrow only           ,as the 

mist resembles the rain4          ,come1
 read to me some poem1           ,some  
simple and heartfelt lay1         ,that 
shall soothe this restless feeling1     
,and banish the thoughts of day4        
,not from the grand old masters1        
,not from the bards sublime1            
,whose distant footsteps echo           
,through the corridors of ,time4        
,for1 like strains of martial music1    
,their mighty thoughts suggest          
,life's endless toil and endeavor2      
,and to-night ,i long for rest4         
,read from some humbler poet1           
,whose songs gushed from his heart1     
,as showers from the clouds of summer1  
,or tears from the eyelids start2       
,who1 through long days of labor1       
,and nights devoid of ease1             
,still heard in his soul the music      
,of wonderful melodies4          ,such  
songs have power to quiet           ,the
 restless pulse of care1         ,and   
come like the benediction               
,that follows after prayer4             

,then read from the treasured volume    
,the poem of thy choice1         ,and   
lend to the rhyme of the poet           
,the beauty of thy voice4          ,and 
the night shall be filled with music1   
,and the cares that infest the day1     
,shall fold their tents1 like the       
,arabs1           ,and as silently steal
 away4    #cdc   ,a ,,psalm ,,of ,,life 
,,henry ,,wadsworth ,,longfellow        
,tell me not1 in mournful numbers1      
,life is but an empty dream6--          
,for the soul is dead that slumbers1    
,and things are not what they seem4     
,life is real6 ,life is earnest6        
,and the grave is not its goal2         
,dust thou art1 to dust returnest1      
,was not spoken of the soul4            
,not enjoyment1 and not sorrow1         
,is our destined end or way2            
,but to act1 that each tomorrow         
,find us farther than today4            
,art is long1 and ,time is fleeting1    
,and our hearts1 though stout and brave1
         ,still1 like muffled drums1 are

 beating           ,funeral marches to  
the grave4          ,in the world's     
broad field of battle1           ,in the
 bivouac of ,life1         ,be not like 
dumb1 driven cattle6           ,be a    
hero in the strife4          ,trust no  
,future1 howe'er pleasant6              
,let the dead ,past bury its dead6      
,act1--act in the living ,present6      
,heart within1 and ,god o'erhead6       
,lives of great men all remind us       
,we can make our lives sublime1         
,and1 departing1 leave behind us        
,footprints on the sands of time2       
,footprints1 that perhaps another1      
,sailing o'er life's solemn main1       
,a forlorn and shipwrecked brother1     
,seeing1 shall take heart again4        
,let us1 then1 be up and doing1         
,with a heart for any fate2             
,still achieving1 still pursuing1       
,learn to labor and to wait4    #cdd    
,historians usually mention ,charles    
,kingsley         7#ahai-ahge7 only as  
an ,english novelist1 but it            

seems probable that eventually he will  
be         remembered chiefly for his   
work in juvenile         literature4    
,his ,water ,babies is popular with     
children of the fourth and fifth grade1 
while         his book of ,greek myths  
entitled ,the ,heroes         is a      
classic for older children4 ,the next   
two         poems are popular with both 
adults and         children4 ,kingsley  
was a minister and his         church   
was located in ,devon so that the       
tragedies of the sea among the fisher   
folk were         often brought to his  
attention4 ,both these         poems    
deal with such tragedies4   ,,the       
,,three ,,fishers  ,,charles ,,kingsley 
,three fishers went sailing out into the
 west1--           ,out into the west as
 the sun went down2         ,each       
thought of the woman who loved him the  
best1           ,and the children stood 
watching them out of the town2          
,for men must work1 and women must weep2
         ,and there's little to earn1   

and many to keep1           ,though the 
harbor bar be moaning4          ,three  
wives sat up in the light-house tower1  
,and trimmed the lamps as the sun went  
down2         ,and they looked at the   
squall1 and they looked at the shower1  
,and the rack it came rolling up1 ragged
 and brown2         ,but men must work1 
and women must weep1         ,though    
storms be sudden1 and waters deep1      
,and the harbor bar be moaning4         
,three corpses lay out on the shining   
sands           ,in the morning gleam as
 the tide went down1         ,and the   
women are watching and wringing their   
hands1           ,for those who will    
never come back to the town2            
,for men must work1 and women must      
weep1--         ,and the sooner it's    
over1 the sooner to sleep1--            
,and good-by to the bar and its moaning4
    #cde   ,,the ,,sands ,,of ,,dee     
,,charles ,,kingsley          ,o ,mary1 
go and call the cattle home1            
,and call the cattle home1              

,and call the cattle home               
,across the sands of ,dee6         ,the 
western wind was wild and dank with     
foam1          ,and all alone went she4 
,the western tide crept up along the    
sand1            ,and o'er and o'er the 
sand1            ,and round and round   
the sand1          ,as far as eye could 
see4         ,the rolling mist came down
 and hid the land3          ,and never  
home came she4          ,oh6 is it weed1
 or fish1 or floating hair--            
,a tress of golden hair1            ,a  
drowned maiden's hair          ,above   
the nets at sea8         ,was never     
salmon yet that shone so fair           
,among the stakes on ,dee4              
,they rowed her in across the sailing   
foam1            ,the cruel crawling    
foam1            ,the cruel hungry foam1
          ,to her grave beside the sea3 
,but still the boatmen hear her call the
 cattle home          ,across the sands 
of ,dee6           ,the next two poems1 
by ,alfred ,tennyson                    

7#ahji-ahib71 are very well-known songs4
 ,what         ,does ,little ,birdie    
,say is the mother's song in            
,sea ,dreams4 ,sweet and ,low is one of 
the         best of the lyrics in ,the  
,princess1 and a         favorite among 
the greatest lullabies4    #cdf   ,,what
 ,,does ,,little ,,birdie ,,say8        
,,alfred ,,tennyson          ,what does 
little birdie say1         ,in her nest 
at peep of day8         ,let me fly1    
says little birdie1           ,mother1  
let me fly away4         ,birdie1 rest a
 little longer1         ,till the little
 wings are stronger4         ,so she    
rests a little longer1           ,then  
she flies away4          ,what does     
little baby say1         ,in her bed at 
peep of day8         ,baby says1 like   
little birdie1           ,let me rise   
and fly away4         ,baby1 sleep a    
little longer1         ,till the little 
limbs are stronger4         ,if she     
sleeps a little longer1           ,baby 
too shall fly away4    #cdg   ,,sweet   

,,and ,,low  ,,alfred ,,tennyson        
,sweet and low1 sweet and low1          
,wind of the western sea1         ,low1 
low1 breathe and blow1           ,wind  
of the western sea6         ,over the   
rolling waters go1         ,come from   
the dying moon1 and blow1               
,blow him again to me2         ,while my
 little one1 while my pretty one1       
sleeps4          ,sleep and rest1 sleep 
and rest1           ,father will come to
 thee soon2         ,rest1 rest on      
mother's breast1           ,father will 
come to thee soon2         ,father will 
come to his babe in the nest1           
,silver sails all out of the west       
,under the silver moon3         ,sleep1 
my little one1 sleep1 my pretty one1    
sleep4    #cdh          ,this poem is a 
great poet's expression of what         
a poet's ideal of his mission should be4
 ,it is         summed up in the last   
two lines4 ,an interesting              
comparison could be made of the purpose 
of         poetry as reflected here with

 that suggested by         ,longfellow  
in ,no4 #cdb4   ,,the ,,poet',s ,,song  
,,alfred ,,tennyson          ,the rain  
had fallen1 the ,poet arose1            
,he pass'd by the town and out of the   
street1         ,a light wind blew from 
the gates of the sun1           ,and    
waves of shadow went over the wheat1    
,and he sat him down in a lonely place1 
,and chanted a melody loud and sweet1   
,that made the wild-swan pause in her   
cloud1           ,and the lark drop down
 at his feet4          ,the swallow     
stopt as he hunted the bee1             
,the snake slipt under a spray1         
,the wild hawk stood with the down on   
his beak1           ,and stared1 with   
his foot on the prey1         ,and the  
nightingale thought1 ,i have sung many  
songs1           ,but never a one so    
gay1         ,for he sings of what the  
world will be           ,when the years 
have died away4    #cdi          ,those 
who live near the sea know that outside 
a         harbor a bar is formed of     

earth washed down         from the land4
 ,at low tide this may be so near       
the surface as to be dangerous to ships 
passing         in and out1 and the     
waves may beat against it         with a
 moaning sound4 ,in his eighty-first    
year         ,tennyson wrote ,crossing  
the ,bar to express         his thought 
about death4 ,he represents the soul    
as having come from the boundless deep  
of         eternity into this           
world-harbor of ,time and               
,place1 and he represents death as the  
departure         from the harbor4 ,he  
would have no lingering         illness 
to bar the departure4 ,he would have the
         end of life's day to be        
peaceful and without         sadness of 
farewell1 for he trusts that his        
journey into the sea of eternity will be
 guided         by my ,pilot4 ,this poem
 may be somewhat beyond         the     
comprehension of eighth-grade pupils1   
but         they can perceive the beauty
 of the imagery and         music1 and  

later in life it will be a source of    
hope and comfort4   ,,crossing ,,the    
,,bar  ,,alfred ,,tennyson              
,sunset and evening star1           ,and
 one clear call for me6         ,and may
 there be no moaning of the bar         
,when ,i put out to sea1          ,but  
such a tide as moving seems asleep1     
,too full for sound and foam1           
,when that which drew from out the      
boundless deep           ,turns again   
home4          ,twilight and evening    
bell1           ,and after that the     
dark6         ,and may there be no      
sadness of farewell1           ,when ,i 
embark2          ,for though from out   
our bourne of ,time and ,place          
,the flood may bear me far1         ,i  
hope to see my ,pilot face to face      
,when ,i have crossed the bar4    #cej  
,leigh ,hunt 7#aghd-ahei7 was an        
,english essayist1         journalist1  
and poet4 ,his one universally known    
poem is ,abou ,ben ,adhem4 ,the secret  
of its         appeal is no doubt the   

emphasis placed on the         idea that
 a person's attitude toward his         
fellows is more important than mere     
professions4 ,the line ,write me as one 
that         loves his fellow men is on 
,hunt's tomb in         ,kensal ,green  
,cemetery1 ,london4   ,,abou ,,ben      
,,adhem  ,,leigh ,,hunt          ,abou  
,ben ,adhem 7may his tribe increase67   
,awoke one night from a deep dream of   
peace1         ,and saw1 within the     
moonlight in his room1         ,making  
it rich1 and like a lily in bloom1      
,an angel writing in a book of gold3    
,exceeding peace had made ,ben ,adhem   
bold1         ,and to the presence in   
the room he said1         ,what writest 
thou8--the vision rais'd its head1      
,and with a look made all of sweet      
accord1         ,answer'd1 ,the names of
 those that love the ,lord4         ,and
 is mine one8 said ,abou4 ,nay1 not so1 
,replied the angel4 ,abou spoke more    
low1         ,but cheerly still2 and    
said1 ,i pray thee1 then1         ,write

 me as one that loves his fellow men4   
,the angel wrote1 and vanished4 ,the    
next night         ,it came again with a
 great wakening light1         ,and     
show'd the names whom love of ,god had  
blest1         ,and lo6 ,ben ,adhem's   
name led all the rest4    #cea          
,cincinnatus ,heine ,miller1 generally  
known as         ,joaquin ,miller       
7#ahda-aiab71 revealed in his           
verse much of the restless energy of    
,western         ,america1 where most of
 his life was passed4         ,columbus 
is probably his best known poem4        
,for ,those ,who ,fail suggests the     
important         truth that he who wins
 popular applause is not         usually
 the one who most deserves to be        
honored4   ,,for ,,those ,,who ,,fail   
,,joaquin ,,miller          ,all honor  
to him who shall win the prize1         
,the world has cried for a thousand     
years2         ,but to him who tries and
 who fails and dies1           ,i give  
great honor and glory and tears4        

,o great is the hero who wins a name1   
,but greater many and many a time1      
,some pale-faced fellow who dies in     
shame1           ,and lets ,god finish  
the thought sublime4          ,and great
 is the man with a sword undrawn1       
,and good is the man who refrains from  
wine2         ,but the man who fails and
 yet fights on1           ',lo6 he is   
the twin-born brother of mine6    #ceb  
,numerous poems have been written about 
the         futility of searching on    
earth for a place of         perfect    
happiness4 ,the next poem1 by ,edgar    
,allan ,poe 7#ahji-ahdi71 seems to deal 
with this         subject4 ,some lines  
from ,longfellow are good to            
suggest its special message3            
,no endeavor is in vain1         ,its   
reward is in the doing1         ,and the
 rapture of pursuing           ,is the  
prize the vanquished gain4   ,,eldorado 
,,edgar ,,allan ,,poe                   
,gaily bedight1             ,a gallant  
knight1         ,in sunshine and in     

shadow             ,had journeyed long1 
,singing a song1         ,in search of  
,eldorado4              ,but he grew    
old--             ,this knight so bold--
         ,and o'er his heart a shadow   
,fell as he found             ,no spot  
of ground         ,that looked like     
,eldorado4              ,and1 as his    
strength             ,failed him at     
length1         ,he met a pilgrim       
shadow--             ,shadow1 said he1  
,where can it be--         ,this land of
 ,eldorado8              ,over the      
mountains             ,of the ,moon1    
,down the ,valley of the ,shadow        
,ride1 boldly ride1             ,the    
,shade replied1         ,if you seek for
 ,eldorado6    #cec          ,lord      
,byron 7#aghh-ahbd7 was the most popular
         of ,english poets in his day4  
,his fame         has since declined1   
although his fiery1         impetuous   
nature1 expressing itself in            
rapid verse of great rhetorical and     
satiric         power1 still reaches    

kindred spirits4 ,his         ,prisoner 
of ,chillon is often studied in         
the upper grades4 ,it is full of the    
passion         for freedom which was   
the dominating         idea in ,byron's 
work as it was in his life4         ,he 
gave his life for this idea1 striving to
         help the ,greeks gain their    
independence4         ,the poem which   
follows is from an early         work   
called ,hebrew ,melodies4 ,we learn     
from ,,ii ,chronicles #cb3ba that       
,sennacherib1         ,king of ,assyria1
 having invaded         ,judah1         
,hezekiah cried unto heaven1 ,and       
the ,lord sent an angel1 which cut off  
the         mighty men of valor1 and the
 leaders and         captains in the    
camp of the ,king of ,assyria4          
,so he returned with shame of face to   
his         own land4 ,byron's title    
seems to indicate         that          
,sennacherib was himself destroyed4     
,the fine swinging measure of the lines1
 and         the vivid picture of the   

destroyed hosts in         contrast to  
the brilliant glory of their            
triumphant invasion1 are two of the     
chief         elements in its appeal4   
,,the ,,destruction ,,of                
,,sennacherib          ,,lord ,,byron   
,the ,assyrian came down like a wolf on 
the fold1         ,and his cohorts were 
gleaming in purple and gold2            
,and the sheen of their spears was like 
stars on the sea1         ,when the blue
 wave rolls nightly on deep ,galilee4   
,like the leaves of the forest when     
summer is green1         ,that host with
 their banners at sunset were seen3     
,like the leaves of the forest when     
autumn hath blown1         ,the host on 
the morrow lay wither'd and strown4     
,for the ,angel of ,death spread his    
wings on the blast1         ,and        
breathed in the face of the foe as he   
passed2         ,and the eyes of the    
sleepers waxed deadly and chill1        
,and their hearts but once heaved1 and  
for ever grew still6          ,and there

 lay the steed with his nostril all     
wide1         ,but through it there     
rolled not the breath of his pride3     
,and the foam of his gasping lay white  
on the turf1         ,and cold as the   
spray of the rock-beating surf4         
,and there lay the rider distorted and  
pale1         ,with the dew on his brow 
and the rust on his mail2         ,and  
the tents were all silent1 the banners  
alone1         ,the lances unlifted1 the
 trumpet unblown4          ,and the     
widows of ,ashur are loud in their wail1
         ,and the idols are broke in the
 temple of ,baal2         ,and the might
 of the ,gentile1 unsmote by the sword1 
,hath melted like snow in the glance of 
the ,lord4    #ced          ,the next   
two poems may represent the youth and   
the maturity of ,america's first great  
nature         poet1 ,william ,cullen   
,bryant 7#agid-ahgh71         although  
neither is in the style that            
characterizes his nature verse4 ,he     
wrote ,to a         ,waterfowl in #ahae4

 ,when he had completed his             
study of law1 he set out on foot to find
 a         village where he might begin 
work as a lawyer4         ,he was poor  
and without friends4 ,at the end of     
a day's journey1 when he began to feel  
discouraged1 he saw a wild duck flying  
alone         high in the sky4 ,then the
 thought came to him         that he    
would be guided aright1 just as the     
bird was1 and he wrote ,to a ,waterfowl1
 the         most artistic of all his   
poems4 ,the poem is         suitable for
 the seventh or eighth grade4   ,,to ,a 
,,waterfowl  ,,william ,,cullen ,,bryant
            ,whither1 midst falling dew1
         ,while glow the heavens with   
the last steps of day1         ,far1    
through their rosy depths1 dost thou    
pursue           ,thy solitary way8     
,vainly the fowler's eye         ,might 
mark thy distant flight to do thee      
wrong1         ,as1 darkly painted on   
the crimson sky1           ,thy figure  
floats along4            ,seek'st thou  

the plashy brink         ,of weedy lake1
 or marge of river wide1         ,or    
where the rocking billows rise and sink 
,on the chafed ocean-side8              
,there is a ,power whose care           
,teaches thy way along that pathless    
coast--         ,the desert and         
illimitable air--           ,lone       
wandering1 but not lost4            ,all
 day thy wings have fanned         ,at  
that far height1 the cold1 thin         
atmosphere1         ,yet stoop not1     
weary1 to the welcome land              
,though the dark night is near4         
,and soon that toil shall end2          
,soon shalt thou find a summer home1 and
 rest1         ,and scream among thy    
fellows2 reeds shall bend1              
,soon1 o'er thy sheltered nest4         
,thou'rt gone1 the abyss of heaven      
,hath swallowed up thy form2 yet1 on my 
heart         ,deeply hath sunk the     
lesson thou hast given1           ,and  
shall not soon depart4            ,he   
who1 from zone to zone1         ,guides 

through the boundless sky thy certain   
flight1         ,in the long way that ,i
 must tread alone1           ,will lead 
my steps aright4    #cee                
,bryant wrote this poem in #ahdi after  
he had         been planting fruit trees
 on his country place         on ,long  
,island4   ,,the ,,planting ,,of ,,the  
,,apple-,,tree  ,,william ,,cullen      
,,bryant            ,come1 let us plant 
the apple-tree4         ,cleave the     
tough greensward with the spade3        
,wide let its hollow bed be made2       
,there gently lay the roots1 and there  
,sift the dark mould with kindly care1  
,and press it o'er them tenderly1       
,as1 round the sleeping infant's feet1  
,we softly fold the cradle-sheet2       
,so plant we the apple-tree4            
,what plant we in this apple-tree8      
,buds1 which the breath of summer days  
,shall lengthen into leafy sprays2      
,boughs where the thrush1 with crimson  
breast1         ,shall haunt1 and sing1 
and hide her nest2           ,we plant1 

upon the sunny lea1         ,a shadow   
for the noontide hour1         ,a       
shelter from the summer shower1         
,when we plant the apple-tree4          
,what plant we in this apple-tree8      
,sweets for a hundred flowery springs   
,to load the ,may-wind's restless wings1
         ,when1 from the orchard row1 he
 pours         ,its fragrance through   
our open doors2           ,a world of   
blossoms for the bee1         ,flowers  
for the sick girl's silent room1        
,for the glad infant sprigs of bloom1   
,we plant with the apple-tree4          
,what plant we in this apple-tree8      
,fruits that shall swell in sunny ,june1
         ,and redden in the ,august     
noon1         ,and drop1 when gentle    
airs come by1         ,that fan the blue
 ,september sky1           ,while       
children come1 with cries of glee1      
,and seek them where the fragrant grass 
,betrays their bed to those who pass1   
,at the foot of the apple-tree4         
,and when1 above this apple-tree1       

,the winter stars are quivering bright1 
,and winds go howling through the night1
         ,girls1 whose young eyes       
o'erflow with mirth1         ,shall peel
 its fruit by cottage-hearth1           
,and guests in prouder homes shall see1 
,heaped with the grape of ,cintra's vine
         ,and golden orange of the line1
           ,the fruit of the apple-tree4
            ,the fruitage of this       
apple-tree         ,winds and our flag  
of stripe and star         ,shall bear  
to coasts that lie afar1         ,where 
men shall wonder at the view1           
,and ask in what fair groves they grew2 
,and sojourners beyond the sea          
,shall think of childhood's careless    
day1         ,and long1 long hours of   
summer play1           ,in the shade of 
the apple-tree4            ,each year   
shall give this apple-tree         ,a   
broader flush of roseate bloom1         
,a deeper maze of verdurous gloom1      
,and loosen1 when the frost-clouds      
lower1         ,the crisp brown leaves  

in thicker shower4           ,the years 
shall come and pass1 but we             
,shall hear no longer1 where we lie1    
,the summer's songs1 the autumn's sigh1 
,in the boughs of the apple-tree4       
,and time shall waste this apple-tree4  
,oh1 when its aged branches throw       
,thin shadows on the ground below1      
,shall fraud and force and iron will    
,oppress the weak and helpless still8   
,what shall the tasks of mercy be1      
,amid the toils1 the strifes1 the tears 
,of those who live when length of years 
,is wasting this apple-tree8            
,who planted this old apple-tree8       
,the children of that distant day       
,thus to some aged man shall say2       
,and1 gazing on its mossy stem1         
,the gray-haired man shall answer them3 
,a poet of the land was he1             
,born in the rude but good old times2   
',t is said he made some quaint old     
rhymes1           ,on planting the      
apple-tree4    #cef          ,the next  
poem1 by the ,english poet ,thomas      

,edward ,brown 7#ahcj-ahig71 deserves to
 be         classed with the most       
beautiful and artistic         verse in 
our language4 ,students will notice the 
allusion to the biblical tradition that 
,god         walked in the ,garden of   
,eden in the cool of the                
evening4   ,,my ,,garden  ,,thomas      
,,edward ,,brown          ,a garden is a
 lovesome thing1 ,god wot6         ,rose
 plot1         ,fringed pool1           
,ferned grot--         ,the veriest     
school         ,of peace2 and yet the   
fool         ,contends that ,god is     
not--         ,not ,god6 in gardens6    
when the eve is cool8         ,nay1 but 
,i have a sign2         ',t is very sure
 ,god walks in mine4    #ceg            
,william ,wordsworth 7#aggj-ahej7 ranks 
very high         among ,english poets4 
,he endeavored to bring         poetry  
close to actual life and to get rid of  
the stilted language of conventional    
verse4 ,the         struggle was long   
and difficult1 but ,wordsworth          

lived long enough to know that the world
 had         realized his greatness4    
,many of his poems are         suitable 
for use with children4 ,their           
simplicity1 their directness1 and their 
utter         sincerity made many of    
them1 while not written                 
especially for the young1 seem as if    
directly         addressed to the       
childlike mind4 ,we are         ,seven1 
,lucy ,gray1 and ,michael belong to     
this number1 as do the two masterpieces 
among         short poems which are     
quoted here4 ,how many         people1  
exclaims ,dr4 ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes1 
have been waked to a quicker            
consciousness of         life by        
,wordsworth's simple lines about the    
daffodils1 and what he says of the      
thoughts         suggested to him by    
'the meanest flower that         blows'6
 ,in both poems the imagery is of the   
utmost importance4 ,through it the      
reader is         able to put himself   
with the poet and see         things as 

the poet saw them4 ,in ,the ,daffodils  
the flowers1 jocund in the breeze1 drive
 away         the melancholy mood with  
which the poet had         approached   
them and enable him to carry away a     
picture in his memory that can be drawn 
upon         for help on future         
occasions of gloom4 ,in ,the            
,solitary ,reaper the weird and haunting
 notes         of the song coming to his
 ear in an unknown         tongue       
suggest possible ideas back of the      
strong feeling which he recognizes in   
the         singer4 ,here also1 the     
poet's memory carries         something 
away1          ,the music in my heart ,i
 bore1         ,long after it was heard 
no more4          ,one of the purposes  
in teaching poetry should         be to 
store the mind1 not with words only1 but
         with impressions that may later
 be recalled to         beautify and    
strengthen life4   ,,daffodils          
,,william ,,wordsworth          ,i      
wander'd lonely as a cloud              

,that floats on high o'er vales and     
hills1         ,when all at once ,i saw 
a crowd1           ,a host1 of golden   
daffodils2         ,beside the lake1    
beneath the trees1         ,fluttering  
and dancing in the breeze4              
,continuous as the stars that shine     
,and twinkle on the ,milky ,way1        
,they stretch'd in never-ending line    
,along the margin of a bay3         ,ten
 thousand saw ,i at a glance1           
,tossing their heads in sprightly dance4
          ,the waves beside them danced1
 but they           ,outdid the         
sparkling waves in glee3         ,a poet
 could not but be gay1           ,in    
such a jocund company3         ,i       
gazed--and gazed--but little thought    
,what wealth the show to me had brought3
          ,for oft1 when on my couch ,i 
lie           ,in vacant or in pensive  
mood1         ,they flash upon that     
inward eye           ,which is the bliss
 of solitude2         ,and then my heart
 with pleasure fills1         ,and      

dances with the daffodils4    #ceh      
,,the ,,solitary ,,reaper  ,,william    
,,wordsworth          ,behold her1      
single in the field1           ,yon     
solitary highland lass6         ,reaping
 and singing by herself2           ,stop
 here1 or gently pass6         ,alone   
she cuts and binds the grain1           
,and sings a melancholy strain2         
,oh1 listen6 for the vale profound      
,is overflowing with the sound4         
,no nightingale did ever chant          
,more welcome notes to weary bands      
,of travelers in some shady haunt1      
,among ,arabian sands3         ,a voice 
so thrilling ne'er was heard         ,in
 spring-time from the cuckoo-bird1      
,breaking the silence of the seas       
,among the farthest ,hebrides4          
,will no one tell me what she sings8    
,perhaps the plaintive numbers flow     
,for old1 unhappy1 far-off things1      
,and battles long ago6         ,or is it
 some more humble lay1         ,familiar
 matter of to-day8         ,some natural

 sorrow1 loss1 or pain1         ,that   
has been1 and may be again8             
,whate'er the theme1 the maiden sang    
,as if her song could have no ending3   
,i saw her singing at her work1         
,and o'er the sickle bending2--         
,i listen'd1 motionless and still2      
,and1 as ,i mounted up the hill1        
,the music in my heart ,i bore1         
,long after it was heard no more4       
#cei          ,lady ,norton 7#ahjh-ahgg7
 does not belong among         the great
 poets1 but she wrote several poems     
that were immense favorites with a      
generation         now passing away4    
,among them are ,bingen on the          
,rhine1 ,the ,king of ,denmark's ,ride  
and the         one given below4 ,it    
will no doubt show that her         work
 still has power to stir readers of the 
present day1 although we are likely to  
think of         her poems as being too 
emotional or         sentimental4 ,she  
wrote the words of the very             
popular song ,juanita4   ,,the ,,arab   

,,to ,,his ,,favorite ,,steed           
,,caroline ,e4 ,,norton     ,my         
beautiful6 my beautiful6 that standest  
meekly by1    ,with thy proudly arched  
and glossy neck1 and dark and fiery eye1
    ,fret not to roam the desert now1   
with all thy winged speed2    ,i may not
 mount on thee again1--thou'rt sold1 my 
,arab steed6    ,fret not with that     
impatient hoof1--snuff not the breezy   
wind1--    ,the farther that thou fliest
 now1 so far am ,i behind2    ,the      
stranger hath thy bridle-rein1--thy     
master hath his gold1--    ,fleet-limbed
 and beautiful1 farewell2 thou'rt sold1 
my steed1 thou'rt         sold4         
,farewell6 those free untired limbs full
 many a mile must roam1    ,to reach the
 chill and wintry sky which clouds the  
stranger's home2    ,some other hand1   
less fond1 must now thy corn and bed    
prepare1    ,thy silky mane1 ,i braided 
once1 must be another's care6    ,the   
morning sun shall dawn again1 but never 
more with thee    ,shall ,i gallop      

through the desert paths1 where we were 
wont to be2    ,evening shall darken on 
the earth1 and o'er the sandy plain     
,some other steed1 with slower step1    
shall bear me home again4     ,yes1 thou
 must go6 the wild1 free breeze1 the    
brilliant sun and sky1    ,thy master's 
house1--from all of these my exiled one 
must fly2    ,thy proud dark eye will   
grow less proud1 thy step become less   
fleet1    ,and vainly shalt thou arch   
thy neck1 thy master's hand to meet4    
,only in sleep shall ,i behold that dark
 eye1 glancing bright2--    ,only in    
sleep shall hear again that step so firm
 and light2    ,and when ,i raise my    
dreaming arm to check or cheer thy      
speed1    ,then must ,i1 starting1 wake 
to feel1--thou'rt sold1 my ,arab steed4 
,ah6 rudely then1 unseen by me1 some    
cruel hand may chide1    ,till          
foam-wreaths lie1 like crested waves1   
along thy panting side3    ,and the rich
 blood that's in thee swells1 in thy    
indignant pain1    ,till careless eyes1 

which rest on thee1 may count each      
starting vein4    ,will they ill-use    
thee8 ,if ,i thought--but no1 it cannot 
be1--    ,thou art so swift1 yet easy   
curbed2 so gentle1 yet so free3    ,and 
yet1 if haply1 when thou'rt gone1 my    
lonely heart should yearn1    ,can the  
hand which casts thee from it now       
command thee to return8     ,return6    
alas6 my ,arab steed6 what shall thy    
master do1    ,when thou1 who wast his  
all of joy1 hast vanished from his view8
    ,when the dim distance cheats mine  
eye1 and through the gathering tears    
,thy bright form1 for a moment1 like the
 false mirage appears2    ,slow and     
unmounted shall ,i roam1 with weary step
 alone1    ,where1 with fleet step and  
joyous bound1 thou oft hast borne me on2
    ,and sitting down by that green     
well1 ,i'll pause and sadly think1      
,it was here he bowed his glossy neck   
when last ,i saw him drink6     ,when   
last ,i saw thee drink6--,away6 the     
fevered dream is o'er1--    ,i could not

 live a day1 and know that we should    
meet no more6    ,they tempted me1 my   
beautiful6 for hunger's power is        
strong1--    ,they tempted me1 my       
beautiful6 but ,i have loved too long4  
,who said that ,i had given thee up8 who
 said that thou wast sold8    ',t is    
false6--'t is false1 my ,arab steed6 ,i 
fling them back their gold6    ,thus1   
thus1 ,i leap upon thy back1 and scour  
the distant plains2    ,away6 who       
overtakes us now shall claim thee for   
his pains6    #cfj          ,robert     
,southey 7#aggd-ahdc7 was poet laureate 
of         ,england1 and a most prolific
 writer of poetry         and           
miscellaneous prose4 ,his great         
prominence         in his own day has   
been succeeded by an         obscurity  
so complete that only a few items of    
his work are now remembered4 ,among     
these are         ,the ,battle of       
,blenheim1 a very brief and             
effective satire against war1 ,the ,well
 of ,st4         ,keyne1 a humorous poem

 based on an old         superstition1  
and ,the ,inchcape ,rock1 a             
stirring narrative of how evil deeds    
return         upon the evil doer4 7,see
 also ,no4 #aec47   ,,the ,,inchcape    
,,rock  ,,robert ,,southey          ,no 
stir in the air1 no stir in the sea1    
,the ship was as still as she could be2 
,her sails from ,heaven received no     
motion1         ,her keel was steady in 
the ocean4          ,without either sign
 or sound of their shock1         ,the  
waves flowed over the ,inchcape ,rock2  
,so little they rose1 so little they    
fell1         ,they did not move the    
,inchcape ,bell4          ,the holy     
,abbot of ,aberbrothok         ,had     
placed that bell on the ,inchcape ,rock2
         ,on a buoy in the storm it     
floated and swung1         ,and over the
 waves its warning rung4          ,when 
the rock was hid by the surges' swell1  
,the mariners heard the warning bell2   
,and then they knew the perilous ,rock1 
,and blessed the ,abbot of ,aberbrothok4

          ,the ,sun in heaven was       
shining gay1         ,all things were   
joyful on that day2         ,the        
sea-birds screamed as they wheeled      
around1         ,and there was joyance  
in their sound4          ,the buoy of   
the ,inchcape ,rock was seen1         ,a
 darker speck on the ocean green2       
,sir ,ralph1 the ,rover1 walked his     
deck1         ,and he fixed his eye on  
the darker speck4          ,he felt the 
cheering power of spring1         ,it   
made him whistle1 it made him sing2     
,his heart was mirthful to excess2      
,but the ,rover's mirth was wickedness4 
,his eye was on the ,inchcape float2    
,quoth he1 ,my men1 put out the boat2   
,and row me to the ,inchcape ,rock1     
,and ,i'll plague the ,abbot of         
,aberbrothok4          ,the boat is     
lowered1 the boatmen row1         ,and  
to the ,inchcape ,rock they go2         
,sir ,ralph bent over from the boat1    
,and cut the ,bell from the ,inchcape   
float4          ,down sank the ,bell    

with a gurgling sound2         ,the     
bubbles rose1 and burst around4         
,quoth ,sir ,ralph1 ,the next who comes 
to the ,rock         ,will not bless the
 ,abbot of ,aberbrothok4          ,sir  
,ralph1 the ,rover1 sailed away1        
,he scoured the seas for many a day2    
,and now1 grown rich with plundered     
store1         ,he steers his course for
 ,scotland's shore4          ,so thick a
 haze o'erspreads the sky         ,they 
cannot see the ,sun on high2            
,the wind hath blown a gale all day2    
,at evening it hath died away4          
,on the deck the ,rover takes his stand2
         ,so dark it is they see no     
land4         ,quoth ,sir ,ralph1 ,it   
will be lighter soon1         ,for there
 is the dawn of the rising ,moon4       
,canst hear1 said one1 the breakers     
roar8         ,for yonder1 methinks1    
should be the shore4         ,now where 
we are ,i cannot tell1         ,but ,i  
wish we could hear the ,inchcape ,bell4 
,they hear no sound2 the swell is       

strong2         ,though the wind hath   
fallen1 they drift along1         ,till 
the vessel strikes with a shivering     
shock1--         ,o ,christ6 it is the  
,inchcape ,rock4          ,sir ,ralph1  
the ,rover1 tore his hair2         ,he  
cursed himself in his despair4          
,the waves rush in on every side2       
,the ship is sinking beneath the tide4  
,but even in his dying fear1            
,one dreadful sound he seemed to hear1--
         ,a sound as if1 with the       
,inchcape ,bell1         ,the ,devil    
below was ringing his knell4            
,the ,shakespeare passages which follow 
are from         the fairy play ,a      
,midsummer ,night's ,dream4 ,a          
teacher well acquainted with that play  
would         find it possible to       
delight children with it4         ,the  
fairy and rustic scenes could be given  
almost in their entirety1 the other     
scenes         could be summarized4     
#cfa   ,,over ,,hill1 ,,over ,,dale     
,,william ,,shakespeare          ,over  

hill1 over dale1           ,thorough    
bush1 thorough brier1         ,over     
park1 over pale1           ,thorough    
flood1 thorough fire1         ,i do     
wander everywhere1         ,swifter than
 the moon's sphere2         ,and ,i     
serve the fairy queen1         ,to dew  
her orbs upon the green4         ,the   
cowslips tall her pensioners be3        
,in their gold coats spots you see2     
,those be rubies1 fairy favours1        
,in those freckles live their savours3  
,i must go seek some dewdrops here1     
,and hang a pearl in every cowslip's    
ear4    #cfb   ,a ,,fairy ,,scene ,,in  
,a ,,wood  ,,william ,,shakespeare      
,,fairy ,,queen ,,titania 7calls to her 
,,fairies following her7                
,come1 now a roundel and a fairy song2  
,then1 for the third part of a minute1  
hence2         ,some to kill cankers in 
the musk-rose buds1         ,some war   
with rere-mice for their leathern wings1
         ,to make my small elves coats1 
and some keep back         ,the         

clamorous owl that nightly hoots and    
wonders         ,at our quaint spirits4 
,sing me now asleep2         ,then to   
your offices and let me rest4  ,she lies
 down to sleep1 and the ,,fairies sing  
as follows3          ,you spotted snakes
 with double tongue1           ,thorny  
hedgehogs1 be not seen2         ,newts  
and blind-worms1 do no wrong1           
,come not near our fairy queen4         
,philomel1 with melody             ,sing
 in our sweet lullaby2         ,lulla1  
lulla1 lullaby1 lulla1 lulla1 lullaby3  
,never harm1             ,nor spell nor 
charm1           ,come our lovely lady  
nigh3           ,so good-night1 with    
lullaby4          ,weaving spiders1 come
 not here2           ,hence1 you        
long-legged spinners1 hence4            
,beetles black1 approach not near2      
,worm nor snail1 do no offence4         
,philomel1 with melody             ,sing
 in our sweet lullaby2         ,lulla1  
lulla1 lullaby1 lulla1 lulla1 lullaby3  
,never harm1             ,nor spell nor 

charm1           ,come our lovely lady  
nigh2           ,so1 good-night1 with   
lullaby4  ,a ,,fairy          ,hence1   
away6 now all is well3         ,one     
aloof stand sentinel4    #cfc           
,ralph ,waldo ,emerson 7#ahjc-ahhb7 is  
,america's         greatest spiritual   
teacher4 ,his essays1 such as           
,self-,reliance and ,the ,american      
,scholar1 are         his chief claim to
 fame4 ,the two brief poems             
given here are well known4 ,fable should
 be         studied along with ,no4     
#bcf1 since they         emphasize the  
same lesson that size is after          
all a purely relative matter4 ,concord  
,hymn is         a splendidly dignified 
expression of the debt         of       
gratitude we owe to the memory of those 
who         made our country possible4  
,of course no reader         will fail  
to notice the famous last two lines     
of the first stanza4   ,,fable  ,,ralph 
,,waldo ,,emerson          ,the mountain
 and the squirrel         ,had a        

quarrel1         ,and the former called 
the latter ,little ,prig2         ,bun  
replied1         ,you are doubtless very
 big2         ,but all sorts of things  
and weather         ,must be taken in   
together         ,to make up a year     
,and a sphere4         ,and ,i think it 
no disgrace         ,to occupy my place4
         ,if ,i'm not so large as you1  
,you are not so small as ,i1            
,and not half so spry4         ,i'll not
 deny you make         ,a very pretty   
squirrel track2         ,talents differ2
 all is well and wisely put2         ,if
 ,i cannot carry forests on my back1    
,neither can you crack a nut6    #cfd   
,,concord ,,hymn  ,,ralph ,,waldo       
,,emerson          ,by the rude bridge  
that arched the flood1           ,their 
flag to ,april's breeze unfurled1       
,here once the embattled farmers stood1 
,and fired the shot heard round the     
world4          ,the foe long since in  
silence slept2           ,alike the     
conqueror silent sleeps2         ,and   

,time the ruined bridge has swept       
,down the dark stream which seaward     
creeps4          ,on this green bank1 by
 this soft stream1           ,we set    
to-day a votive stone2         ,that    
memory may their deed redeem1           
,when1 like our sires1 our sons are     
gone4          ,spirit1 that made those 
heroes dare           ,to die1 and leave
 their children free1         ,bid ,time
 and ,nature gently spare           ,the
 shaft we raise to them and thee4       
#cfe          ,almost any of the works  
of ,sir ,walter ,scott                  
7#agga-ahcb71 whether in prose or verse1
 is         within the range of children
 in the grades4         ,especially the 
fine ballads1 such as         ,lochinvar
 and ,allen-a-,dale1 are sure to        
interest them4 ,children should be      
encouraged to         read one of the   
long story-poems1 ,the ,lady of         
the ,lake or ,the ,lay of the ,last     
,minstrel4         ,the famous          
expression of patriotism quoted         

below is from the latter poem4          
,,breathes ,,there ,,the ,,man  ,,sir   
,,walter ,,scott          ,breathes     
there the man1 with soul so dead1       
,who never to himself hath said1        
,this is my own1 my native land6        
,whose heart hath ne'er within him      
burned1         ,as home his footsteps  
he hath turned           ,from wandering
 on a foreign strand6         ,if such  
there be1 go1 mark him well2            
,for him no minstrel raptures swell2    
,high though his titles1 proud his name1
         ,boundless his wealth as wish  
can claim2         ,despite those       
titles1 power1 and pelf1         ,the   
wretch1 concentered all in self1        
,living1 shall forfeit fair renown1     
,and doubly dying1 shall go down        
,to the vile dust1 from whence he       
sprung1         ,unwept1 unhonored1 and 
unsung4    #cff          ,when ,oliver  
,wendell ,holmes 7#ahji-ahid7 was       
twenty-one years old1 he read that the  
,navy         ,department had decided to

 destroy the old1         unseaworthy   
frigate ,constitution1 which had        
become famous in the ,war of #ahab4 ,in 
one         evening he wrote the poem   
,old ,ironsides4 ,this         not only 
made ,holmes immediately famous as a    
poet1 but so aroused the ,american      
people that         the ,navy           
,department changed its plans and       
rebuilt the ship4   ,,old ,,ironsides   
,,oliver ,,wendell ,,holmes             
,ay1 tear her tattered ensign down6     
,long has it waved on high1         ,and
 many an eye has danced to see          
,that banner in the sky2                
,beneath it rung the battle shout1      
,and burst the cannon's roar3--         
,the meteor of the ocean air            
,shall sweep the clouds no more4        
,her deck1 once red with heroes' blood1 
,where knelt the vanquished foe1        
,when winds were hurrying o'er the      
flood1           ,and waves were white  
below1         ,no more shall feel the  
victor's tread1           ,or know the  

conquered knee2--         ,the harpies  
of the shore shall pluck           ,the 
eagle of the sea6          ,oh1 better  
that her shattered hulk                 
,should sink beneath the wave2          
,her thunders shook the mighty deep1    
,and there should be her grave2         
,nail to the mast her holy flag1        
,set every threadbare sail1         ,and
 give her to the god of storms1         
,the lightning and the gale6    #cfg    
,william ,collins 7#agba-agei71 ,english
 poet1         wrote only a few poems1  
but among them is this         short    
dirge which keeps his name alive in     
popular memory4 ,it was probably in     
honor of his         countrymen who fell
 at ,fontenoy in #agde1 the         year
 before its composition4 ,its austere   
brevity1 its well-known                 
personifications1 its         freedom   
from fulsome expressions1 place it very 
high among patriotic utterances4   ,,how
 ,,sleep ,,the ,,brave  ,,william       
,,collins          ,how sleep the brave1

 who sink to rest           ,by all     
their country's wishes blest6           
,when ,spring1 with dewy fingers cold1  
,returns to deck their hallowed mould1  
,she there shall dress a sweeter sod    
,than ,fancy's feet have ever trod4     
,by fairy hands their knell is rung2    
,by forms unseen their dirge is sung2   
,there ,honor comes1 a pilgrim gray1    
,to bless the turf that wraps their     
clay2         ,and ,freedom shall awhile
 repair1           ,to dwell a weeping  
hermit there6    #cfh          ,the     
anonymous ballad dealing with the       
familiar         story of ,nathan ,hale1
 of ,revolutionary times1         is the
 nearest approach to the old folk ballad
         in our history4 ,its           
repetitions help it in         catching 
something of the breathless suspense    
accompanying his daring effort1         
betrayal1 and         execution4 ,the   
pathos of the closing incidents         
of ,hale's career has attracted the     
tributes of         poets and           

dramatists4 ,francis ,miles ,finch1     
author of ,the ,blue and the ,gray1     
wrote a         well-known poetic       
account of ,hale1 while ,clyde          
,fitch's drama of ,nathan ,hale had a   
great         popular success4   ,,the  
,,ballad ,,of ,,nathan ,,hale           
,the breezes went steadily through the  
tall pines1           ,a-saying ,oh6    
hu-ush6 a-saying ,oh6 hu-ush6           
,as stilly stole by a bold legion of    
horse1           ,for ,hale in the bush2
 for ,hale in the bush4          ,keep  
still6 said the thrush as she nestled   
her young1           ,in a nest by the  
road2 in a nest by the road4            
,for the tyrants are near1 and with them
 appear           ,what bodes us no     
good2 what bodes us no good4            
,the brave captain heard it1 and thought
 of his home           ,in a cot by the 
brook2 in a cot by the brook2           
,with mother and sister and memories    
dear1           ,he so gayly forsook2 he
 so gayly forsook4          ,cooling    

shades of the night were coming apace1  
,the tattoo had beat2 the tattoo had    
beat4         ,the noble one sprang from
 his dark lurking-place1           ,to  
make his retreat2 to make his retreat4  
,he warily trod on the dry rustling     
leaves1           ,as he passed through 
the wood2 as he passed through the wood2
         ,and silently gained his rude  
launch on the shore1           ,as she  
played with the flood2 as she played    
with the flood4          ,the guards of 
the camp1 on that dark1 dreary night1   
,had a murderous will2 had a murderous  
will4         ,they took him and bore   
him afar from the shore1           ,to a
 hut on the hill2 to a hut on the hill4 
,no mother was there1 nor a friend who  
could cheer1           ,in that little  
stone cell2 in that little stone cell4  
,but he trusted in love1 from his       
,father above4           ,in his heart1 
all was well2 in his heart1 all was     
well4          ,an ominous owl1 with his
 solemn bass voice1           ,sat      

moaning hard by2 sat moaning hard by2   
,the tyrant's proud minions most gladly 
rejoice1           ,for he must soon    
die2 for he must soon die4          ,the
 brave fellow told them1 no thing he    
restrained1--           ,the cruel      
general6 the cruel general6--           
,his errand from camp1 of the ends to be
 gained1           ,and said that was   
all2 and said that was all4             
,they took him and bound him and bore   
him away1           ,down the hill's    
grassy side2 down the hill's grassy     
side4         ',twas there the base     
hirelings1 in royal array1              
,his cause did deride2 his cause did    
deride4          ,five minutes were     
given1 short moments1 no more1          
,for him to repent2 for him to repent4  
,he prayed for his mother1 he asked not 
another1           ,to ,heaven he went2 
to ,heaven he went4          ,the faith 
of a martyr the tragedy showed1         
,as he trod the last stage2 as he trod  
the last stage4         ,and ,britons   

will shudder at gallant ,hale's blood1  
,as his words do presage2 as his words  
do presage3          ,thou pale ,king of
 terrors1 thou life's gloomy foe1       
,go frighten the slave2 go frighten the 
slave2         ,tell tyrants1 to you    
their allegiance they owe4           ,no
 fears for the brave2 no fears for the  
brave4    #cfi          ,that men of    
great courage are certain to            
recognize and pay tribute to courage in 
others1         even if those others are
 their enemies1 is the         theme of 
,the ,red ,thread of ,honor4 ,sir       
,francis         ,hastings ,doyle       
7#ahaj-ahhh7 wrote two other            
stirring poems of action1 ,the ,loss of 
the         ,birkenhead and ,the        
,private of the ,buffs4   ,,the ,,red   
,,thread ,,of ,,honor  ,,francis        
,,hastings ,,doyle          ,eleven men 
of ,england           ,a breastwork     
charged in vain2         ,eleven men of 
,england           ,lie stripp'd1 and   
gash'd1 and slain4         ,slain2 but  

of foes that guarded           ,their   
rock-built fortress well1         ,some 
twenty had been mastered1               
,when the last soldier fell4            
,the robber-chief mused deeply1         
,above those daring dead2         ,bring
 here1 at length he shouted1            
,bring quick1 the battle thread4        
,let ,eblis blast forever               
,their souls1 if ,allah will3           
,but we must keep unbroken              
,the old rules of the ,hill4            
,before the ,ghiznee tiger              
,leapt forth to burn and slay2          
,before the holy ,prophet               
,taught our grim tribes to pray2        
,before ,secunder's lances              
,pierced through each ,indian glen2     
,the mountain laws of honor             
,were framed for fearless men4          
,still1 when a chief dies bravely1      
,we bind with green one wrist--         
,green for the brave1 for heroes        
,one crimson thread we twist4           
,say ye1 oh gallant ,hillmen1           

,for these1 whose life has fled1        
,which is the fitting color1            
,the green one1 or the red8             
,our brethren1 laid in honor'd graves1  
may wear           ,their green reward1 
each noble savage said2         ,to     
these1 whom hawks and hungry wolves     
shall tear1           ,who dares deny   
the red8          ,thus conquering hate1
 and steadfast to the right1            
,fresh from the heart that haughty      
verdict came2         ,beneath a waning 
moon1 each spectral height              
,rolled back its loud acclaim4          
,once more the chief gazed keenly       
,down on those daring dead2             
,from his good sword their heart's blood
           ,crept to that crimson       
thread4         ,once more he cried1    
,the judgment1           ,good friends1 
is wise and true1         ,but though   
the red be given1           ,have we not
 more to do8          ,these were not   
stirred by anger1           ,nor yet by 
lust made bold2         ,renown they    

thought above them1           ,nor did  
they look for gold4         ,to them    
their leader's signal           ,was as 
the voice of ,god3         ,unmoved1 and
 uncomplaining1           ,the path it  
showed they trod4          ,as1 without 
sound or struggle1           ,the stars 
unhurrying march1         ,where        
,allah's finger guides them1            
,through yonder purple arch1            
,these ,franks1 sublimely silent1       
,without a quickened breath1            
,went1 in the strength of duty1         
,straight to their goal of death4       
,if ,i were now to ask you1             
,to name our bravest man1         ,ye   
all at once would answer1               
,they call'd him ,mehrab ,khan4         
,he sleeps among his fathers1           
,dear to our native land1         ,with 
the bright mark he bled for             
,firm round his faithful hand4          
,the songs they sing of ,roostum        
,fill all the past with light2          
,if truth be in their music1            

,he was a noble knight4         ,but    
were those heroes living1           ,and
 strong for battle still1         ,would
 ,mehrab ,khan or ,roostum              
,have climbed1 like these1 the ,hill8   
,and they replied1 ,though ,mehrab ,khan
 was brave1           ,as chief1 he     
chose himself what risks to run2        
,prince ,roostum lied1 his forfeit life 
to save1           ,which these had     
never done4          ,enough6 he shouted
 fiercely2           ,doomed though they
 be to hell1         ,bind fast the     
crimson trophy           ,round ,,both  
wrists--bind it well4         ,who knows
 but that great ,allah           ,may   
grudge such matchless men1         ,with
 none so decked in heaven1           ,to
 the fiend's flaming den8          ,then
 all those gallant robbers              
,shouted a stern ,amen6         ,they   
raised the slaughter'd sergeant1        
,they raised his mangled ten4           
,and when we found their bodies         
,left bleaching in the wind1            

,around ,,both wrists in glory          
,that crimson thread was twined4    #cgj
          ,in the year #ahig a great    
diamond jubilee was         held in     
,england in honor of the completion of  
sixty years of rule by ,queen ,victoria4
 ,many         poems were written for   
the occasion1 most of         which     
praised the greatness of ,britain1 the  
extent of her dominion1 the strength of 
her         army and navy1 and the      
abundance of her wealth4         ,the   
,recessional was written for the        
occasion         by ,rudyard ,kipling   
7#ahfe--74 ,it is in the form         of
 a prayer1 but its purpose was to tell  
the         ,british that they were     
forgetting the ,god of         our      
fathers and putting their trust in      
wealth         and navies and the       
reeking tube and iron         shard of  
the cannon4 ,the poem rang through      
,england like a bugle call and stirred  
the         ,british people more deeply 
than any other poem         of recent   

times4   ,,recessional  ,,rudyard       
,,kipling          ,god of our fathers1 
known of old--           ,lord of our   
far flung battle-line--         ,beneath
 whose awful hand we hold               
,dominion over palm and pine--          
,lord ,god of ,hosts1 be with us yet1   
,lest we forget--lest we forget6        
,the tumult and the shouting dies--     
,the captains and the kings depart--    
,still stands ,thine ancient ,sacrifice1
           ,a humble and a contrite     
heart4         ,lord ,god of ,hosts1 be 
with us yet1         ,lest we           
forget--lest we forget6                 
,far-called our navies sink away--      
,on dune and headland sinks the fire    
,lo1 all our pomp of yesterday          
,is one with ,nineveh and ,tyre6        
,judge of the ,nations1 spare us yet1   
,lest we forget--lest we forget6        
,if1 drunk with sight of power1 we loose
           ,wild tongues that have not  
,thee in awe--         ,such boasting as
 the ,gentiles use           ,or lesser 

breeds without the law--         ,lord  
,god of ,hosts1 be with us yet1         
,lest we forget--lest we forget6        
,for heathen heart that puts her trust  
,in reeking tube and iron shard--       
,all valiant dust that builds on dust1  
,and guarding calls not ,thee to guard--
         ,for frantic boast and foolish 
word1         ,thy ,mercy on ,thy       
,people1 ,lord6    #cga                 
,william ,ernest ,henley 7#ahdi-aijc7   
was an         ,english critic and      
journalist of great force         and a 
poet whose verse is full of manliness   
and         tenderness4 ,his life was a 
constant and         courageous struggle
 against disease4 ,the spirit         in
 which he faced conditions that would   
have         conquered a weaker man     
breathes through the         famous poem
 quoted below4 ,such a spirit is not    
confined to any particular stage of     
maturity as         represented by      
years1 and many young people            
will find themselves buoyed up in the   

face of         difficulties by coming  
into touch with the         unconquered 
and unconquerable voice in this         
poem4 ,the last two lines in particular 
are         often quoted4   ,,invictus  
,,william ,e4 ,,henley          ,out of 
the night that covers me1               
,black as the pit from pole to pole1    
,i thank whatever gods may be           
,for my unconquerable soul4          ,in
 the fell clutch of circumstance        
,i have not winced nor cried aloud3     
,under the bludgeonings of chance       
,my head is bloody1 but unbowed4        
,beyond this place of wrath and tears   
,looms but the horror of the shade1     
,and yet the menace of the years        
,finds and shall find me unafraid4      
,it matters not how strait the gate1    
,how charged with punishments the       
scroll1         ,i am the master of my  
fate2           ,i am the captain of my 
soul4    #cgb          ,james ,russell  
,lowell 7#ahai-ahia7 is a poet of       
such high idealisms that many of his    

poems seem         to form the natural  
heritage of youth4 ,among         such  
are ,the ,vision of ,sir ,launfal1 ,the 
,present ,crisis1 ,the ,fatherland1 and 
,aladdin4 ,the ,falcon is not so well   
known as         any of these1 but its  
fine image for the seeker         after 
truth should appeal to most children of 
upper grades4 ,the ,shepherd of ,king   
,admetus is         a very attractive   
poetizing of an old myth 7see           
,no4 #bfa7 and lets us see something of 
how the         public looks upon its   
poets and other artistic         folk4  
,,the ,,falcon  ,,james ,,russell       
,,lowell          ,i know a falcon swift
 and peerless           ,as e'er was    
cradled in the pine2         ,no bird   
had ever eye so fearless1           ,or 
wing so strong as this of mine4         
,the winds not better love to pilot     
,a cloud with molten gold o'errun1      
,than him1 a little burning islet1      
,a star above the coming sun4           
,for with a lark's heart he doth tower1 

,by a glorious upward instinct drawn2   
,no bee nestles deeper in the flower    
,than he in the bursting rose of dawn4  
,no harmless dove1 no bird that singeth1
           ,shudders to see him         
overhead2         ,the rush of his      
fierce swooping bringeth           ,to  
innocent hearts no thrill of dread4     
,let fraud and wrong and baseness       
shiver1           ,for still between    
them and the sky         ,the falcon    
,truth hangs poised forever             
,and marks them with his vengeful eye4  
#cgc   ,,the ,,shepherd ,,of ,,king     
,,admetus  ,,james ,,russell ,,lowell   
,there came a youth upon the earth1     
,some thousand years ago1         ,whose
 slender hands were nothing worth1      
,whether to plough1 or reap1 or sow4    
,upon an empty tortoise-shell           
,he stretched some chords1 and drew     
,music that made men's bosoms swell     
,fearless1 or brimmed their eyes with   
dew4          ,then ,king ,admetus1 one 
who had           ,pure taste by right  

divine1         ,decreed his singing not
 too bad         ,to hear between the   
cups of wine3          ,and so1 well    
pleased with being soothed              
,into a sweet half-sleep1         ,three
 times his kingly beard he smoothed1    
,and made him viceroy o'er his sheep4   
,his words were simple words enough1    
,and yet he used them so1         ,that 
what in other mouths was rough          
,in his seemed musical and low4         
,men called him but a shiftless youth1  
,in whom no good they saw2         ,and 
yet1 unwittingly1 in truth1             
,they made his careless words their law4
          ,they knew not how he learned 
at all1           ,for idly1 hour by    
hour1         ,he sat and watched the   
dead leaves fall1         ,or mused upon
 a common flower4          ,it seemed   
the loveliness of things           ,did 
teach him all their use1         ,for1  
in mere weeds1 and stones1 and springs1 
,he found a healing power profuse4      
,men granted that his speech was wise1  

,but1 when a glance they caught         
,of his slim grace and woman's eyes1    
,they laughed1 and called him           
good-for-naught4          ,yet after he 
was dead and gone1           ,and e'en  
his memory dim1         ,earth seemed   
more sweet to live upon1         ,more  
full of love1 because of him4           
,and day by day more holy grew          
,each spot where he had trod1           
,till after-poets only knew             
,their first-born brother as a god4     
#cgd          ,sir ,william ,s4 ,gilbert
 7#ahcg-aiaa71 an ,english              
dramatist1 is known to us as the        
librettist of         the popular       
,gilbert and ,sullivan operas1 ,the     
,mikado1 ,pinafore1 etc4 ,in his earlier
 days         he wrote a book of        
humorous poetry called ,the         ,bab
 ,ballads4 ,many of these still please  
readers who like a little nonsense now  
and then         of a supremely         
ridiculous type4 ,the ,yarn of          
the ,nancy ,bell is a splendid take-off 

on         travelers' tales1 and is not 
likely to         deceive anyone4       
,however1 ,gilbert said that when       
he sent the poem to ,punch1 the editor  
made         objection to its extremely 
cannibalistic         nature6   ,,the   
,,yarn ,,of ,,the ,,nancy ,,bell        
,,william ,s4 ,,gilbert          ',twas 
on the shores that round our coast      
,from ,deal to ,ramsgate span1          
,that ,i found alone on a piece of stone
           ,an elderly naval man4       
,his hair was weedy1 his beard was long1
           ,and weedy and long was he1  
,and ,i heard this wight on the shore   
recite1           ,in a singular minor  
key3          ,oh1 ,i am a cook and a   
captain bold1           ,and the mate of
 the ,nancy brig1         ,and a bo'sun 
tight1 and a midshipmite1           ,and
 the crew of the captain's gig4         
,and he shook his fists and he tore his 
hair1           ,till ,i really felt    
afraid1         ,for ,i couldn't help   
thinking the man had been drinking1     

,and so ,i simply said3          ,oh1   
elderly man1 it's little ,i know        
,of the duties of men of the sea1       
,and ,i'll eat my hand if ,i understand 
,however you can be          ,at once a 
cook1 and a captain bold1           ,and
 the mate of the ,nancy brig1           
,and a bo'sun tight1 and a midshipmite1 
,and the crew of the captain's gig4     
,then he gave a hitch to his trousers1  
which           ,is a trick all seamen  
larn1         ,and having got rid of a  
thumping quid1           ,he spun this  
painful yarn3          ',twas in the    
good ship ,nancy ,bell           ,that  
we sailed to the ,indian ,sea1          
,and there on a reef we come to grief1  
,which has often occurred to me4        
,and pretty nigh all the crew was       
drowned           7,there was           
seventy-seven o' soul71         ,and    
only ten of the ,nancy's men            
,said ',here6' to the muster-roll4      
,there was me and the cook and the      
captain bold1           ,and the mate of

 the ,nancy brig1         ,and the      
bo'sun tight1 and a midshipmite1        
,and the crew of the captain's gig4     
,for a month we'd neither wittles nor   
drink1           ,till a-hungry we did  
feel1         ,so we drawed a lot1 and  
accordin' shot           ,the captain   
for our meal4          ,the next lot    
fell to the ,nancy's mate1              
,and a delicate dish he made2           
,then our appetite with the midshipmite 
,we seven survivors stayed4             
,and then we murdered the bo'sun tight1 
,and he much resembled pig2             
,then we wittled free1 did the cook and 
me1           ,on the crew of the       
captain's gig4          ,then only the  
cook and me was left1           ,and the
 delicate question1 ',which         ,of 
us two goes to the kettle8' arose1      
,and we argued it out as sich4          
,for ,i loved that cook as a brother1 ,i
 did1           ,and the cook he        
worshipped me2         ,but we'd both be
 blowed if we'd either be stowed        

,in the other chap's hold1 you see4     
',i'll be eat if you dines off me1' says
 ,tom2           ',yes1 that1' says ,i1 
'you'll be1'--         ',i'm boiled if  
,i die1 my friend1' quoth ,i2           
,and ',exactly so1' quoth he4           
,says he1 ',dear ,james1 to murder me   
,were a foolish thing to do2            
,for don't you see that you can't cook  
me1           ,while ,i can--and        
will--cook you6'          ,so he boils  
the water1 and takes the salt           
,and the pepper in portions true        
7,which he never forgot71 and some      
chopped shalot1           ,and some sage
 and parsley1 too4          ',come      
here1' says he1 with a proper pride1    
,which his smiling features tell1       
'',t will soothing be if ,i let you see 
,how extremely nice you'll smell4'      
,and he stirred it round and round and  
round           ,and he sniffed at the  
foaming froth2         ,when ,i ups with
 his heels and smothers his squeals     
,in the scum of the boiling broth4      

,and ,i eat that cook in a week or less1
           ,and--as ,i eating be        
,the last of his chops1 why1 ,i almost  
drops1           ,for a wessel in sight 
,i see6                 99       99     
99       99       99          ',and ,i  
never larf1 and never smile1            
,and ,i never lark nor play1            
,but sit and croak1 and a single joke   
,i have--which is to say3          ',oh1
 ,i am a cook and a captain bold1       
,and the mate of the ,nancy brig1       
,and a bo'sun tight1 and a midshipmite1 
,and the crew of the captain's gig6'    
#cge          ,john ,t4 ,trowbridge     
7#ahbg-aiaf7 is one of the              
important figures in modern literature  
for         young folks4 ,he wrote a    
popular series of books         for them
 beginning with ,cudjo's ,cave1 and     
many poems1 the most famous of which are
 ,the         ,vagabonds and the one    
given below4         ,trowbridge's      
autobiography will interest             
children with its story of a literary   

life         devoted to the problems of 
their entertainment4         ,darius    
,green and ,his ,flying ,machine first  
appeared in ,our ,young ,folks in #ahfg4
 ,it is to         be read for its      
fun--fun of dialect1 fun of             
character1 and fun of incident4 ,if it  
has any         lesson1 it must be that 
dreamers may come to         grief      
unless they have some plain practical   
common sense to balance their           
enthusiasm6   ,,darius ,,green ,,and    
,,his ,,flying ,,machine  ,,john        
,,townsend ,,trowbridge          ,if    
ever there lived a ,yankee lad1         
,wise or otherwise1 good or bad1        
,who1 seeing the birds fly1 didn't jump 
,with flapping arms from stake or stump1
         ,or1 spreading the tail of his 
coat for a sail1         ,take a soaring
 leap from post or rail1         ,and   
wonder why he couldn't fly1         ,and
 flap and flutter and wish and try1--   
,if ever you knew a country dunce       
,who didn't try that as often as once1  

,all ,i can say is1 that's a sign       
,he never would do for a hero of mine4  
,an aspiring genius was ,d4 ,green2     
,the son of a farmer1--age fourteen2    
,his body was long and lank and lean1-- 
,just right for flying1 as will be seen2
         ,he had two eyes as bright as a
 bean1         ,and a freckled nose that
 grew between1         ,a little        
awry2--for ,i must mention         ,that
 he had riveted his attention           
,upon his wonderful invention1          
,twisting his tongue as he twisted the  
strings1         ,and working his face  
as he worked the wings1         ,and    
with every turn of gimlet and screw     
,turning and screwing his mouth round   
too1         ,till his nose seemed bent 
to catch the scent1         ,around some
 corner1 of new-baked pies1         ,and
 his wrinkled cheek and his squinting   
eyes         ,grew puckered into a queer
 grimace1         ,that made him look   
very droll in the face1           ,and  
also very wise4         ,and wise he    

must have been1 to do more         ,than
 ever a genius did before1              
,excepting ,daedalus of yore            
,and his son ,icarus1 who wore          
,upon their backs those wings of wax    
,he had read of in the old almanacs4    
,darius was clearly of the opinion1     
,that the air was also man's dominion1  
,and that with paddle or fin or pinion1 
,we soon or late should navigate        
,the azure as now we sail the sea4      
,the thing looks simple enough to me2   
,and1 if you doubt it1         ,hear how
 ,darius reasoned about it3         ,the
 birds can fly1 an' why can't ,i8       
,must we give in1 says he with a grin1  
',t the bluebird an' phoebe are         
smarter'n we be8         ,jest fold our 
hands1 an' see the swaller         ,an' 
blackbird an' catbird beat us holler8   
,does the leetle chatterin'1 sassy wren1
         ,no bigger'n my thumb1 know    
more than men8         ,jest show me    
that6 er prove 't bat         ,hez got  
more brains than's in my hat1           

,an' ,i'll back down1 an' not till then6
         ,he argued further3 ,ner ,i    
can't see         ,what's the use o'    
wings to a bumble-bee1         ,fer to  
git a livin' with1 more'n to me2--      
,ain't my business importanter'n his'n  
is8         ,that ,icarus was a silly   
cuss1--         ,him an' his daddy      
,daedalus2         ,they might 'a'      
knowed wings made o' wax                
,wouldn't stan' sun-heat an' hard       
whacks3         ,i'll make mine o'      
luther1 er suthin' er other4            
,and he said to himself1 as he tinkered 
and planned3         ,but ,i ain't goin'
 to show my hand         ,to nummies    
that never can understand         ,the  
fust idee that's big an' grand4         
,they'd 'a' laft an' made fun           
,o' ,creation itself afore it was done6 
,so he kept his secret from all the     
rest1         ,safely buttoned within   
his vest2         ,and in the loft above
 the shed         ,himself he locks1    
with thimble and thread         ,and wax

 and hammer and buckles and screws1     
,and all such things as geniuses use2-- 
,two bats for patterns1 curious fellows6
         ,a charcoal-pot and a pair of  
bellows2         ,an old hoop-skirt or  
two1 as well as         ,some wire1 and 
several old umbrellas2         ,a       
carriage-cover1 for tail and wings2     
,a piece of harness2 and straps and     
strings2         ,and a big strong box1 
in which he locks         ,these and a  
hundred other things4          ,his     
grinning brothers1 ,reuben and ,burke   
,and ,nathan and ,jotham and ,solomon1  
lurk         ,around the corner to see  
him work1--         ,sitting            
cross-legged1 like a ,turk1             
,drawing the waxed-end through with a   
jerk1         ,and boring the holes with
 a comical quirk         ,of his wise   
old head1 and a knowing smirk4          
,but vainly they mounted each other's   
backs1         ,and poked through       
knot-holes and pried through cracks2    
,with wood from the pile and straw from 

the stacks         ,he plugged the      
knot-holes and calked the cracks2       
,and a bucket of water1 which one would 
think         ,he had brought up into   
the loft to drink         ,when he      
chanced to be dry1         ,stood always
 nigh1 for ,darius was sly6             
,and1 whenever at work he happened to   
spy1         ,at chink or crevice a     
blinking eye1         ,he let a dipper  
of water fly3         ,take that6 an'1  
ef ever ye git a peep1         ,guess   
ye'll ketch a weasel asleep6            
,and he sings as he locks his big strong
 box2         ,the weasel's head is     
small an' trim1         ,an' he is      
leetle an' long an' slim1         ,an'  
quick of motion an' nimble of limb1     
,an'1 ef yeou'll be advised by me1      
,keep wide awake when ye're ketching    
him6                 ,so day after day  
,he stitched and tinkered and hammered  
away1                ,till at last 'twas
 done1--         ,the greatest invention
 under the sun4         ,an' now1 says  

,darius1 hooray fer some fun6           
',twas the ,fourth of ,july1 and the    
weather was dry1         ,and not a     
cloud was on all the sky1         ,save 
a few light fleeces1 which here and     
there1               ,half mist1 half   
air1         ,like foam on the ocean    
went floating by1         ,just as      
lovely a morning as ever was seen       
,for a nice little trip in a            
flying-machine4          ,thought       
cunning ,darius1 ,now ,i shan't go      
,along 'ith the fellers to see the show3
         ,i'll say ,i've got sich a     
terrible cough6         ,an' then1 when 
the folks have all gone off1            
,i'll hev full swing fer to try the     
thing1         ,an' practyse a little on
 the wing4          ,ain't goin' to see 
the celebration8         ,says brother  
,nate4 ,no2 botheration6         ,i've  
got sich a cold--a toothache--,i--      
,my gracious6 feel's though ,i should   
fly6          ,said ,jotham1 ,sho6 guess
 ye better go4               ,but       

,darius said1 ,no6         ,shouldn't   
wonder 'f yeou might see me1 though1    
',long 'bout noon1 ef ,i git red        
,o' this jumpin'1 thumpin' pain in my   
head4         ,for all the while to     
himself he said1--               ,i tell
 ye what6         ,i'll fly a few times 
around the lot1         ,to see how 't  
seems2 then soon's ,i've got            
,the hang o' the thing1 ez likely's not1
         ,i'll astonish the nation1 an' 
all creation1         ,by flying over   
the celebration6         ,over their    
heads ,i'll sail like an eagle2         
,i'll balance myself on my wings like a 
sea-gull2         ,i'll dance on the    
chimbleys2 ,i'll stan' on the steeple2  
,i'll flop up to winders an' scare the  
people6         ,i'll light on the      
libbe'ty-pole1 an' crow2         ,an'   
,i'll say to the gawpin' fools below1   
',what world's this here that ,i've come
 near8'         ,fer ,i'll make 'em     
b'lieve ,i'm a chap f'm the moon2       
,an' ,i'll try a race 'ith their ol'    

balloon6                ,he crept from  
his bed2         ,and1 seeing the others
 were gone1 he said1         ,i'm       
a-gittin' over the cold 'n my head4     
,and away he sped1         ,to open the 
wonderful box in the shed4          ,his
 brothers had walked but a little way1  
,when ,jotham to ,nathan chanced to say1
         ,what on airth is he up to1    
hey8         ,don'o'1--the's suthin' er 
other to pay1         ,er he wouldn't   
'a' stayed to hum to-day4         ,says 
,burke1 ,his toothache's all'n his eye6 
,he never'd miss a ,fo'th-o'-,july1     
,ef he hadn't got some machine to try4  
,then ,sol1 the little one1 spoke3 ,by  
darn6         ,le's hurry back1 an'     
hide'n the barn1         ,an' pay him   
fer tellin' us that yarn6               
,agreed6 ,through the orchard they creep
 back1         ,along by the fences1    
behind the stack1         ,and one by   
one1 through a hole in the wall1        
,in under the dusty barn they crawl1    
,dressed in their ,sunday garments all2 

,and a very astonishing sight was that1 
,when each in his cobwebbed coat and hat
         ,came up through the floor like
 an ancient rat4         ,and there they
 hid2 and ,reuben slid         ,the     
fastenings back1 and the door undid4    
,keep dark1 said he1         ,while ,i  
squint an' see what the' is to see4     
,as knights of old put on their mail1-- 
,from head to foot in an iron suit1     
,iron jacket and iron boot1             
,iron breeches1 and on the head         
,no hat1 but an iron pot instead1       
,and under the chin the bail1--         
7,i believe they call the thing a       
helm1--7         ,and1 thus accoutred1  
they took the field1         ,sallying  
forth to overwhelm         ,the dragons 
and pagans that plagued the realm2      
,so this modern knight prepared for     
flight1         ,put on his wings and   
strapped them tight--         ,jointed  
and jaunty1 strong and light1--         
,buckled them fast to shoulder and      
hip1--         ,ten feet they measured  

from tip to tip6         ,and a helm he 
had1 but that he wore1         ,not on  
his head1 like those of yore1           
,but more like the helm of a ship4      
,hush6 ,reuben said1 he's up in the     
shed6         ,he's opened the          
winder1--,i see his head6         ,he   
stretches it out1 an' pokes it about    
,lookin' to see 'f the coast is clear1  
,an' nobody near2--         ,guess he   
don'o' who's hid in here6         ,he's 
riggin' a spring-board over the sill6   
,stop laffin'1 ,solomon6 ,burke1 keep   
still6         ,he's climbin' out       
now--,of all the things6         ,what's
 he got on8 ,i vum1 it's wings6         
,an' that t'other thing8 ,i vum1 it's a 
tail6         ,and there he sets like a 
hawk on a rail6         ,steppin'       
careful1 he travels the length          
,of his spring-board1 and teeters to try
 its strength1         ,now he stretches
 his wings1 like a monstrous bat2       
,peeks over his shoulder1 this way an'  
that1         ,fer to see 'f the's      

anyone passin' by2         ,but the's   
o'ny a ca'f an' a goslin' nigh4         
,they turn up at him a wonderin' eye1   
,to see--,the dragon6 he's goin' to fly6
         ,away he goes6 ,jimminy6 what a
 jump6         ,flop--flop--an' plump to
 the ground with a thump6               
,flutt'rin' an' flound'rin'1 all'n a    
lump6          ,as a demon is hurled by 
an angel's spear1         ,heels over   
head1 to his proper sphere1--           
,heels over head1 and head over heels1  
,dizzily down the abyss he wheels1--    
,so fell ,darius4 ,upon his crown1      
,in the midst of the barnyard1 he came  
down1         ,in a wonderful whirl of  
tangled strings1         ,broken braces 
and broken springs1         ,broken tail
 and broken wings1         ,shooting    
stars1 and various things1--            
,barnyard litter of straw and chaff1    
,and much that wasn't so sweet by half4 
,away with a bellow flew the calf1      
,and what was that8 ,did the gosling    
laugh8         ',tis a merry roar from  

the old barn-door1         ,and he hears
 the voice of ,jotham crying2           
,say1 ,d'rius6 how de yeou like flyin'8 
,slowly1 ruefully1 where he lay1        
,darius just turned and looked that way1
         ,as he stanched his sorrowful  
nose with his cuff1         ,wal1 ,i    
like flyin' well enough1         ,he    
said1 but the' ain't sich a thunderin'  
sight         ,o' fun in't when ye come 
to light4          ,i just have room for
 the ,,moral here3         ,and this is 
the moral1--,stick to your sphere2      
,or1 if you insist1 as you have the     
right1         ,on spreading your wings 
for a loftier flight1         ,the moral
 is1--,take care how you light4    #cgf 
,the poem of ,beth ,gelert 7,grave of   
,gelert7 is         really a verse      
version of an old folk story            
that has localized itself in many places
 over         the world4 ,in ,wales they
 can show you where         ,gelert is  
buried1 which illustrates how such a    
favorite story takes hold of the popular

 mind4         ,the poem by ,william    
,robert ,spencer 7#agfi-ahcd7           
has so much of the spirit of the old    
ballads         which it imitates that  
it was believed at first         to be a
 genuine example of one4   ,,beth       
,,gelert  ,,william ,,robert ,,spencer  
,the spearmen heard the bugle sound1    
,and cheerly smiled the morn2           
,and many a brach1 and many a hound1    
,obeyed ,llewellyn's horn4          ,and
 still he blew a louder blast1          
,and gave a lustier cheer1              
,come1 ,gelert1 come1 wert never last   
,llewellyn's horn to hear4          ,oh1
 where does faithful ,gelert roam4      
,the flow'r of all his race1         ,so
 true1 so brave1--a lamb at home1       
,a lion in the chase8          ',twas   
only at ,llewellyn's board              
,the faithful ,gelert fed2         ,he  
watched1 he served1 he cheered his lord1
           ,and sentineled his bed4     
,in sooth he was a peerless hound1      
,the gift of royal ,john2         ,but  

now no ,gelert could be found1          
,and all the chase rode on4             
,and now1 as o'er the rocks and dells   
,the gallant chidings rise1         ,all
 ,snowdon's craggy chaos yells          
,the many-mingled cries6          ,that 
day ,llewellyn little loved             
,the chase of hart and hare2            
,and scant and small the booty proved1  
,for ,gelert was not there4             
,unpleased ,llewellyn homeward hied1    
,when1 near the portal seat1            
,his truant ,gelert he espied1          
,bounding his lord to greet4            
,but1 when he gained his castle door1   
,aghast the chieftain stood2            
,the hound all o'er was smeared with    
gore2           ,his lips1 his fangs1   
ran blood4          ,llewellyn gazed    
with fierce surprise2           ,unused 
such looks to meet1         ,his        
favorite checked his joyful guise1      
,and crouched1 and licked his feet4     
,onward1 in haste1 ,llewellyn passed1   
,and on went ,gelert too2         ,and  

still1 where'er his eyes he cast1       
,fresh blood-gouts shocked his view4    
,o'erturned his infant's bed he found1  
,the blood-stained covert rent2         
,and all around the walls and ground    
,with recent blood besprent4            
,he called his child1--no voice         
replied--           ,he searched with   
terror wild2         ,blood1 blood he   
found on every side1           ,but     
nowhere found his child4                
,hell-hound6 my child's by thee         
devoured1           ,the frantic father 
cried2         ,and to the hilt his     
vengeful sword           ,he plunged in 
,gelert's side4          ,his suppliant 
looks1 as prone he fell1           ,no  
pity could impart2         ,but still   
his ,gelert's dying yell                
,passed heavy o'er his heart4           
,aroused by ,gelert's dying yell1       
,some slumberer wakened nigh3           
,what words the parent's joy could tell1
           ,to hear his infant's cry6   
,concealed beneath a tumbled heap       

,his hurried search had missed1         
,all glowing from his rosy sleep1       
,his cherub boy he kissed4          ,nor
 scathe had he1 nor harm1 nor dread1    
,but1 the same couch beneath1           
,lay a gaunt wolf1 all torn and dead1   
,tremendous still in death4             
,ah6 what was then ,llewellyn's pain6   
,for now the truth was clear2           
,his gallant hound the wolf had slain   
,to save ,llewellyn's heir3             
,vain1 vain was all ,llewellyn's woe2   
,best of thy kind1 adieu6         ,the  
frantic blow which laid thee low        
,this heart shall ever rue4             
,and now a gallant tomb they raise1     
,with costly sculpture decked2          
,and marbles storied with his praise    
,poor ,gelert's bones protect4          
,there1 never could the spearman pass1  
,or forester1 unmoved2         ,there1  
oft the tear-besprinkled grass          
,llewellyn's sorrow proved4             
,and there he hung his horn and spear1  
,and there1 as evening fell1         ,in

 fancy's ear he oft would hear          
,poor ,gelert's dying yell4             
,and1 till great ,snowdon's rocks grow  
old1           ,and cease the storm to  
brave1         ,the consecrated spot    
shall hold           ,the name of       
,gelert's ,grave4    #cgg          ,this
 old ballad is one of the best of the   
humorous type4 ,many old stories turn   
upon some         such riddling series  
of questions1 generally         three in
 number1 to which unexpected answers    
come from an unexpected quarter4 ,of    
course the         questions are        
intended to be unanswerable4 ,as a      
matter of fact they are1 but a clever   
person         may discover a riddling  
answer to a riddling         question4  
,king ,john bows1 not to a master in    
knowledge1 but to a master in           
cleverness4   ,,king ,,john ,,and ,,the 
,,abbot ,,of ,,canterbury          ,an  
ancient story ,i'll tell you anon       
,of a notable prince1 that was called   
,king ,john2         ,and he ruled      

,england with maine and with might1     
,for he did great wrong and maintein'd  
little right4          ,and ,i'll tell  
you a story1 a story so merrye1         
,concerning the ,abbot of ,canterburye2 
,how for his house-keeping and high     
renowne1         ,they rode poste for   
him to fair ,london towne4          ,an 
hundred men1 the king did heare say1    
,the abbot kept in his house every day2 
,and fifty golde chaynes1 without any   
doubt1         ,in velvet coates waited 
the abbot about4          ,how now1     
father abbot1 ,i heare it of thee1      
,thou keepest a farre better house than 
mee1         ,and for thy house-keeping 
and high renowne1         ,i fear thou  
work'st treason against my crown4       
,my liege1 quo' the abbot1 ,i would it  
were knowne1         ,i never spend     
nothing but what is my owne2            
,and ,i trust your grace will do me no  
deere         ,for spending of my owne  
true-gotten geere4          ,yes1 yes1  
father abbot1 thy fault it is highe1    

,and now for the same thou needest must 
dye2         ,for except thou canst     
answer me questions three1         ,thy 
head shall be smitten from thy bodie4   
,and first1 quo' the king1 when ,i'm in 
this stead1         ,with my crown of   
golde so faire on my head1              
,among all my liege-men so noble of     
birthe1         ,thou must tell me to   
one penny what ,i am worthe4            
,secondlye tell me1 without any doubt1  
,how soone ,i may ride the whole worlde 
about4         ,and at the third        
question thou must not shrinke1         
,but tell me here truly what ,i do      
thinke4          ,o1 these are hard     
questions for my shallow witt1          
,nor ,i cannot answer your grace as yet2
         ,but if you will give me but   
three weekes space1         ,i'll do my 
endeavour to answer your grace4         
,now three weekes space to thee will ,i 
give1         ,and that is the longest  
thou hast to live2         ,for if thou 
dost not answer my questions three1     

,thy lands and thy living are forfeit to
 mee4          ,away rode the abbot all 
sad at that word1         ,and he rode  
to ,cambridge1 and ,oxenford2           
,but never a doctor there was so wise1  
,that could with his learning an answer 
devise4          ,then home rode the    
abbot of comfort so cold1         ,and  
he mett his shephard a-going to fold3   
,how now1 my lord abbot1 you are welcome
 home2         ,what newes do you bring 
us from good ,king ,john8          ,sad 
newes1 sad newes1 shephard1 ,i must     
give2         ,that ,i have but three   
days more to live3         ,for if ,i do
 not answer him questions three1        
,my head will be smitten from my bodie4 
,the first is to tell him there in that 
stead1         ,with his crowne of golde
 so faire on his head1         ,among   
all his liege-men so noble of birthe1   
,to within one penny of what he is      
worthe4          ,the seconde1 to tell  
him without any doubt1         ,how     
soone he may ride this whole worlde     

about3         ,and at the third        
question ,i must not shrinke1           
,but tell him there truly what he does  
thinke4          ,now cheare up1 sire   
abbot1 did you never hear yet           
,that a fool he may learn a wise man    
witt8         ,lend me horse1 and       
serving-men1 and your apparel1          
,and ,i'll ride to ,london to answere   
your quarrel4          ,nay1 frowne not1
 if it hath bin told unto mee1          
,i am like your lordship1 as ever may   
bee2         ,and if you will but lend  
me your gowne1         ,there is none   
shall knowe us at fair ,london towne4   
,now horses and serving-men thou shalt  
have1         ,with sumptuous array most
 gallant and brave2         ,with       
crozier1 and miter1 and rochet1 and     
cope1         ,fit to appeare 'fore our 
fader the pope4          ,now welcome1  
sire abbot1 the king he did say1        
',tis well thou'rt come back to keepe   
thy day3         ,for and if thou canst 
answer my questions three1         ,thy 

life and thy living both saved shall    
bee4          ,and1 first1 when thou    
see'st me here in this stead1           
,with my crown of golde so fair on my   
head1         ,among all my liege-men so
 noble of birthe1         ,tell me to   
one penny what ,i am worthe4            
,for thirty pence our ,saviour was sold 
,among the false ,jewes1 as ,i have bin 
told3         ,and twenty-nine is the   
worth of thee1         ,for ,i thinke1  
thou art one penny worser than ,hee4    
,the king he laugh'd1 and swore by ,st4 
,bittel1         ,i did not think ,i had
 been worth so littel6         --,now   
secondly1 tell me1 without any doubt1   
,how soone ,i may ride this whole world 
about4          ,you must rise with the 
sun1 and ride with the same1            
,until the next morning he riseth       
againe2         ,and then your grace    
need not make any doubt1         ,but in
 twenty-four hours you'll ride it about4
          ,the king he laugh'd1 and     
swore by ,st4 ,jone1         ,i did not 

think it could be done so soone6        
--,now from the third question you must 
not shrinke1         ,but tell me here  
truly what ,i do thinke4          ,yes1 
that shall ,i do and make your grace    
merry3         ,you thinke ,i'm the     
,abbot of ,canterburye2         ,but    
,i'm his poor shephard1 as plain you may
 see1         ,that am come to beg      
pardon for him and for mee4             
,the king he laughed1 and swore by the  
masse1         ,i'll make thee lord     
abbot this day in his place6            
,now nay1 my liege1 be not in such      
speede1         ,for alacke ,i can      
neither write1 ne reade4          ,four 
nobles a weeke1 then1 ,i will give thee1
         ,for this merry jest thou hast 
showne unto me2         ,and tell the   
old abbot1 when thou comest home1       
,thou hast brought him a pardon from    
good ,king ,john4     ,,section ,,viii  
,,realistic ,,stories     ,,bibliography
   ,,arranged ,,chronologically ,,as ,a 
,,basis ,,for ,,tracing ,,the           

,,development ,,of ,,the ,,realistic    
,,story ,,for ,,young ,,people          
,most of the authors in the following   
list wrote         other books of a     
realistic nature1 in some         cases 
greater books than the one mentioned4   
,the         book named is usually the  
first important one         in this     
field by its author and has1 therefore1 
unusual historical value4    #agfe4     
,goldsmith1 ,oliver1 ,the ,history of   
,little ,goody ,two-,shoes4             
#aghc-aghi4 ,day1 ,thomas1 ,the ,history
 of ,sandford and ,merton4   #agib-agif4
 ,aikin1 ,dr4 ,john1 and ,barbauld1     
,mrs4 ,l4 ,e41 ,evenings             at 
,home4   8-#agie4 ,more1 ,hannah1 ,the  
,shepherd of ,salisbury ,plain4         
#agif-ahjj4 ,edgeworth1 ,maria1 ,the    
,parent's ,assistant1 or ,stories       
for ,children4   #ahjh4 ,lamb1 ,mary and
 ,charles1 ,mrs4 ,leicester's ,school4  
#ahah4 ,sherwood1 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,m41 ,the   
,history of the ,fairchild ,family4     
#ahdj4 ,dana1 ,richard ,henry1 ,two     

,years ,before the ,mast4   #ahda4      
,martineau1 ,harriet1 ,the ,crofton     
,boys4   #ahef4 ,yonge1 ,charlotte ,m41 
,the ,daisy ,chain4   #aheg4 ,hughes1   
,thomas1 ,tom ,brown's ,school ,days4   
#ahfc4 ,whitney1 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,d4 ,t41     
,faith ,gartney's ,girlhood4   #ahfd4   
,trowbridge1 ,j4 ,t41 ,cudjo's ,cave4   
#ahfe4 ,dodge1 ,mary ,mapes1 ,hans      
,brinker1 or the ,silver ,skates4       
#ahfg4 ,kaler1 ,james ,otis1 ,toby      
,tyler1 or ,ten ,weeks with a           
,circus4   #ahfh4 ,alcott1 ,louisa ,may1
 ,little ,women4   #ahfh4 ,hale1 ,edward
 ,everett1 ,the ,man without a ,country4
   #ahga4 ,eggleston1 ,edward1 ,the     
,hoosier ,schoolmaster4   #ahgf4 ,twain1
 ,mark1 ,adventures of ,tom ,sawyer4    
#ahgh4 ,jackson1 ,helen ,hunt1 ,nelly's 
,silver ,mine4   #ahgi4 ,ewing1 ,juliana
 ,horatia1 ,jackanapes4   #ahhb4 ,hale1 
,lucretia ,p41 ,peterkin ,papers4       
#ahhc4 ,stevenson1 ,robert ,louis1      
,treasure ,island4   #ahhg4 ,wiggin1    
,kate ,douglas1 ,the ,birds' ,christmas 

,carol4   #ahij4 ,jewett1 ,sarah ,orne1 
,betty ,leicester4   #ahie4 ,bennett1   
,john1 ,master ,skylark4   #ahig4       
,kipling1 ,rudyard1 ,captains           
,courageous4   #ahii4 ,garland1 ,hamlin1
 ,boy ,life on the ,prairie4   #aijf4   
,stein1 ,evaleen1 ,gabriel and the      
,hour-,book4   #aijh4 ,montgomery1 ,l4  
,m41 ,anne of ,green ,gables4   #aiab4  
,masefield1 ,john1 ,jim ,davis4   #aiag4
 ,crownfield1 ,gertrude1 ,the ,little   
,taylor of the ,winding ,way4   #aibj4  
,latham1 ,harold ,s41 ,jimmy ,quigg1    
,office ,boy4    ,,section ,,viii4      
,,realistic ,,stories  ,,introductory   
,origin4 ,the history of realistic      
stories for children may well begin with
 the interest in juvenile education     
awakened by the great ,french teacher   
and author ,rousseau 7#agab-aggh74 ,he  
taught that formal methods should be    
discarded in juvenile education and that
 children should be taught to know the  
things about them4 ,the new method of   
education is illustrated1 probably      

unintentionally1 in ,the ,renowned      
,history of ,little ,goody ,two-,shoes1 
the first selection in this section4    
,rousseau directly influenced the       
thought of such writers as ,thomas ,day1
 ,maria ,edgeworth1 ,dr4 ,aiken1 and    
,mrs4 ,barbauld4 ,the stories produced  
by these authors in the last quarter of 
the eighteenth century are among the    
first written primarily for the purpose 
of entertaining children4 ,to these     
writers we are indebted for the creation
 of types of children's literature that 
modern authors have developed into the  
fascinating stories of child life1 the  
thrilling stories of adventure1 and the 
interesting accounts of nature that now 
abound in libraries and book stores4    
,the didactic period4 ,when we read     
these first stories written for the     
entertainment of children1 we can hardly
 fail to observe that each one presents 
a lesson1 either moral or practical4    
,the didactic purpose is so prominent   
that the term ,didactic ,period may be  

applied to the period from #agfe 7the   
publication of ,goody ,two-,shoes7 to   
#ahbe1 or even later4 ,the small amount 
of writing for children before this     
period was practically all for the      
purpose of moral or religious           
instruction2 hence it was but natural   
for these first writers of juvenile     
entertainment stories to feel it their  
duty to present moral and practical     
lessons4 ,it would be a mistake1        
however1 to assume that these quaint old
 stories would not be interesting to    
children today1 for they deal with      
fundamental truths1 which are new and   
interesting to children of all ages4    
,in addition to the writers already     
mentioned1 and represented by selections
 in the following pages1 there were     
several others whose books are yet      
accessible and now and then read for    
their historical interest if not for any
 intrinsic literary value they may      
possess4 ,one of these was ,mrs4 ,sarah 
,k4 ,trimmer 7#agda-ahaj71 who1         

associated with the early days of the   
,sunday-school movement1 wrote many     
books full of the overwrought piety     
which was supposed to be necessary for  
children of that earlier time4 ,one of  
her books1 ,the ,history of the ,robins1
 stands out from the mass for its strong
 appeal of simple incident1 and is still
 widely popular with very young readers4
 ,hannah ,more 7#agde-ahcc7 occupied a  
prominent place in the thought of her   
day as a teacher of religious and social
 ideas among the poorer classes4 ,her   
,repository ,tracts1 many of them in the
 form of stories1 were devoted to making
 the poor contented with their lot      
through the consolations of a pious     
life4 ,the ,shepherd of ,salisbury      
,plain was the most famous of these     
story-tracts1 and there are still many  
people living whose childhood was fed   
upon this and like stories4 ,mrs4       
,sherwood's ,history of the ,fairchild  
,family has never been out of print     
since the date of its first publication 

7#ahah71 and in recent years has had two
 or three sumptuous revivals at the     
hands of editors and publishers4 ,the   
almost innumerable books of ,jacob      
,abbott and ,s4 ,g4 ,goodrich 7,peter   
,parley7 in ,america belong to this     
didactic movement4 ,they were1 however1 
more devoted to the process of          
instilling a knowledge of all the       
wonders of this great world round about 
us1 and were considerably less pietistic
 than their ,english neighbors4 ,the    
,rollo ,books 7#bd vols47 are typical of
 this school4  ,the modern period4      
,charles ,lamb apparently was one of the
 first to get the modern thought that   
literature for children should be just  
as artistic1 just as dignified in its   
presentation of truth1 and just as      
worthy of literary recognition1 as      
literature for adults4 ,in the hundred  
years since ,lamb advanced his theory1  
students have gradually come to         
recognize the fact that good literature 
for children is also good literature for

 adults because art is art1 whatever its
 form4 ,in this connection1 ,lamb's     
feeling about the necessity for making  
children's books more vital found       
expression in a famous and much-quoted  
passage in a letter to ,coleridge3      
,goody ,two-,shoes is almost out of     
print4 ,mrs4         ,barbauld's stuff  
has banished all the old                
classics of the nursery2 and the shopman
 at         ,newbery's hardly deigned to
 reach them off an         old exploded 
corner of a shelf1 when ,mary asked     
for them4 ,mrs4 ,b4's and ,mrs4         
,trimmer's nonsense         lay in piles
 about4 ,knowledge insignificant and    
vapid as ,mrs4 ,barbauld's books convey1
 it seems         must come to a child  
in the shape of         knowledge1 and  
his empty noodle must be turned         
with conceit of his own powers when he  
has         learnt that a horse is an   
animal1 and ,billy is         better    
than a horse1 and such like2 instead of 
that beautiful interest in wild tales1  

which         made the child a man1     
while all the while he         suspected
 himself to be no bigger than a child4  
,science has succeeded to poetry no less
 in the         little walks of children
 than with men4 ,is         there no    
possibility of averting this sore       
evil8 ,think what you would have been   
now1 if1         instead of being fed   
with tales and old wives'         fables
 in childhood1 you had been crammed with
         geography and natural history6 
,the danger ,lamb saw was averted4 ,the 
bibliography on a preceding page        
indicates that about the middle of the  
nineteenth century many writers of      
first-rate literary ability began to    
write for young people4 ,among the      
number were ,harriet ,martineau1        
,captain ,marryat1 ,charlotte ,m4       
,yonge1 ,thomas ,hughes1 and others4 ,as
 we pass toward the end of that century 
and the beginning of the twentieth1 the 
great names associated with juvenile    
classics are very noticeable1 and with  

,miss ,alcott1 ,mrs4 ,ewing1 ,mark      
,twain1 ,stevenson1 ,kipling1           
,masefield1 and a kindred host1         
childhood has come into its own4        
,,suggestions ,,for ,,reading           
,for tracing the stages in the          
development of         writing for      
children consult the books named in     
the ,general ,bibliography 7p4 #ag1     
,,ii1         ,historical ,development47
    #cgh          ,among those authors  
of the past whom the         present    
still regards affectionately1 ,oliver   
,goldsmith 7#agbh-aggd7 holds a high    
place4 ,at         least five of his    
works--a novel1 a poem1 a         play1 
a book of essays1 a nursery story--rank 
as classics4 ,he had many faults2 he was
 vain1         improvident almost beyond
 belief1 certainly         dissipated   
throughout a part of his life4 ,but     
with all these faults he had the saving 
grace         of humor1 a kind heart    
that led him to share         even his  
last penny with one in need1 a genius   

for friendships that united him with    
such men         as ,burke and ,johnson 
and ,reynolds4 ,always hard         up1 
he wrote much as a publisher's hack in  
order merely to live4 ,it was in this   
capacity         that he probably wrote 
the famous story that         follows--a
 story that stands at the beginning     
of the long and constantly broadening   
current         of modern literature for
 children4 ,while it has                
generally been attributed to ,goldsmith1
 no         positive evidence of his    
authorship has been         discovered4 
,it was published at a time when he     
was in the employ of ,john ,newbery1 the
 ,london         publisher1 who issued  
many books for children4         ,we    
know that ,goldsmith helped with the    
,mother         ,goose's ,melody and    
other projects of ,newbery1         and 
there are many reasons for supposing    
that         the general attribution of 
,goody ,two-,shoes to         him may be
 correct4 ,charles ,welsh1 who edited   

the best recent edition for schools1    
says it         will always deserve a   
place among the classics         of     
childhood for its literary merit1 the   
purity         and loftiness of its     
tone1 and its sound sense1         while
 the whimsical1 confidential1           
affectionate         style which the    
author employs1 makes it                
attractive even to children who have    
long since         passed the           
spelling-book stage4 ,the version       
that follows has been shortened by the  
omission         of passages that have  
less importance for the         modern  
child than they may have had for that of
         the eighteenth century4 ,the   
story is thus         rendered more     
compact1 and contains nothing to        
draw attention away from the fine       
qualities         mentioned above4 ,the 
quaint phrasing of the         title1 in
 itself one of the proofs of            
,goldsmith's authorship1 furnishes a    
good         comment on the meaning of  

the story3 ,the         history of      
little ,goody ,two-,shoes_/otherwise    
called ,mrs4 ,margery ,two-,shoes_/the  
means by         which she acquired her 
learning and wisdom1 and         in     
consequence thereof her estate2 set     
forth at         large for the benefit  
of those_/          ,who from a state of
 ,rags and ,care1         ,and having   
,shoes but half a ,pair2         ,their 
,fortune and their fame would fix1      
,and gallop in a ,coach and ,six4       
,for the benefit of those who may       
overlook the         point1 it may be   
explained that ,mrs4 was                
formerly used as a term of dignified    
courtesy         applied to both married
 and unmarried women4   ,,the ,,renowned
 ,,history ,,of ,,little ,,goody        
,,two-,,shoes  ,,ascribed ,,to ,,oliver 
,,goldsmith  ,all the world must allow  
that ,two-,shoes was not her real name4 
,no2 her father's name was ,meanwell1   
and he was for many years a considerable
 farmer in the parish where ,margery was

 born2 but by the misfortunes which he  
met with in business1 and the wicked    
persecutions of ,sir ,timothy ,gripe1   
and an overgrown farmer called          
,graspall1 he was effectually ruined4   
,these men turned the farmer1 his wife1 
,little ,margery1 and her brother out of
 doors1 without any of the necessaries  
of life to support them4  ,care and     
discontent shortened the days of ,little
 ,margery's father4 ,he was seized with 
a violent fever1 and died miserably4    
,margery's poor mother survived the loss
 of her husband but a few days1 and died
 of a broken heart1 leaving ,margery and
 her little brother to the wide world4  
,it would have excited your pity and    
done your heart good to have seen how   
fond these two little ones were of each 
other1 and how1 hand in hand1 they      
trotted about4  ,they were both very    
ragged1 and ,tommy had no shoes1 and    
,margery had but one4 ,they had nothing1
 poor things1 to support them but what  
they picked from the hedges or got from 

the poor people1 and they lay every     
night in a barn4 ,their relatives took  
no notice of them2 no1 they were rich1  
and ashamed to own such a poor little   
ragged girl as ,margery and such a dirty
 little curl-pated boy as ,tommy4 ,but  
such wicked folks1 who love nothing but 
money and are proud and despise the     
poor1 never come to any good in the end1
 as we shall see by and by4  ,mr4 ,smith
 was a very worthy clergyman who lived  
in the parish where ,little ,margery and
 ,tommy were born2 and having a relative
 come to see him1 he sent for these     
children4 ,the gentleman ordered ,little
 ,margery a new pair of shoes1 gave ,mr4
 ,smith some money to buy her clothes1  
and said he would take ,tommy and make  
him a little sailor4  ,the parting      
between these two little children was   
very affecting4 ,tommy cried1 and       
,margery cried1 and they kissed each    
other an hundred times4 ,at last ,tommy 
wiped off her tears with the end of his 
jacket1 and bid her cry no more1 for he 

would come to her again when he returned
 from sea4  ,as soon as ,little ,margery
 got up the next morning1 which was very
 early1 she ran all round the village1  
crying for her brother2 and after some  
time returned greatly distressed4       
,however1 at this instant1 the shoemaker
 came in with the new shoes1 for which  
she had been measured by the gentleman's
 order4  ,nothing could have supported  
,little ,margery under the affliction   
she was in for the loss of her brother  
but the pleasure she took in her two    
shoes4 ,she ran out to ,mrs4 ,smith as  
soon as they were put on1 and1 stroking 
down her ragged apron1 cried out1 ,two  
shoes1 mamma1 see1 two shoes6  ,and she 
so behaved to all the people she met1   
and by that means obtained the name of  
,goody ,two-,shoes1 though her playmates
 called her ,old ,goody ,two-,shoes4    
,little ,margery was very happy in being
 with ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,smith1 who were   
very charitable and good to her1 and had
 agreed to breed her up with their      

family4 ,but at last they were obliged  
to send her away1 for the people who had
 ruined her father commanded them to do 
this1 and could at any time have ruined 
them4  ,little ,margery saw how good and
 how wise ,mr4 ,smith was1 and concluded
 that this was owing to his great       
learning2 therefore she wanted1 of all  
things1 to learn to read4 ,for this     
purpose she used to meet the little boys
 and girls as they came from school1    
borrow their books1 and sit down and    
read till they returned4 ,by this means 
she soon got more learning than any of  
her playmates1 and laid the following   
scheme for instructing those who were   
more ignorant than herself4 ,she found  
that only the following letters were    
required to spell all the words in the  
world2 but as some of these letters are 
large and some small1 she with her knife
 cut out of several pieces of wood ten  
sets of each of these3          a b c d 
e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x 
y z  ,and six sets of these3          ,a

 ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n 
,o ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,u ,v ,w ,x ,y ,z     
,and having got an old spelling-book1   
she made her companions set up all the  
words they wanted to spell1 and after   
that she taught them to compose         
sentences4 ,you know what a sentence is1
 my dear4 ,i will be good1 is a         
sentence2 and is made up1 as you see1 of
 several words4  ,every morning she used
 to go round to teach the children1 with
 these rattletraps in a basket4 ,i once 
went her rounds with her4 ,it was about 
seven o'clock in the morning when we set
 out on this important business1 and the
 first house we came to was ,farmer     
,wilson's4 ,here ,margery stopped1 and  
ran up to the door1 tap1 tap1 tap4      
,who's there8  ,only little ,goody      
,two-,shoes1 answered ,margery1 come to 
teach ,billy4  ,oh6 little ,goody1 said 
,mrs4 ,wilson1 with pleasure in her     
face1 ,i am glad to see you4 ,billy     
wants you sadly1 for he has learned all 
his lesson4  ,then out came the little  

boy4 ,how do1 ,doody ,two-,shoes1 said  
he1 not able to speak plain4 ,yet this  
little boy had learned all his letters2 
for she threw down this alphabet mixed  
together thus3          b d f h k m o q 
s u w y z a c e g i l n p r t v x j  and
 he picked them up1 called them by their
 right names1 and put them all in order 
thus3          a b c d e f g h i j k l m
 n o p q r s t u v w x y z4  ,the next  
place we came to was ,farmer ,simpson's4
 ,bow1 bow1 bow1 said the dog at the    
door4  ,sirrah1 said his mistress1 why  
do you bark at ,little ,two-,shoes8     
,come in1 ,madge2 here1 ,sally wants you
 sadly2 she has learned all her lesson4 
,then out came the little one4  ,so1    
,madge6 says she4  ,so1 ,sally6 answered
 the other4 ,have you learned your      
lesson8  ,yes1 that's what ,i have1     
replied the little one in the country   
manner2 and immediately taking the      
letters she set up these syllables3     
ba be bi bo bu1     ca ce ci co cu1     
da de di do du1     fa fe fi fo fu1  and

 gave them their exact sounds as she    
composed them4  ,after this1 ,little    
,two-,shoes taught her to spell words of
 one syllable1 and she soon set up pear1
 plum1 top1 ball1 pin1 puss1 dog1 hog1  
fawn1 buck1 doe1 lamb1 sheep1 ram1 cow1 
bull1 cock1 hen1 and many more4  ,the   
next place we came to was ,gaffer       
,cook's cottage4 ,here a number of poor 
children were met to learn4 ,they all   
came round ,little ,margery at once2    
and1 having pulled out her letters1 she 
asked the little boy next her what he   
had for dinner4 ,he answered1 ,bread4   
7,the poor children in many places live 
very hard47 ,well1 then1 said she1 set  
the first letter4  ,he put up the letter
 ,b1 to which the next added r1 and the 
next e1 the next a1 the next d and it   
stood thus1 ,bread4  ,and what had you1 
,polly ,comb1 for your dinner8          
,apple-pie1 answered the little girl3   
upon which the next in turn set up a    
great ,a1 the two next a p each1 and so 
on until the two words ,apple and pie   

were united and stood thus1 ,apple-pie4 
,the next had ,potatoes1 the next ,beef 
and ,turnips1 which were spelt1 with    
many others1 until the game of spelling 
was finished4 ,she then set them another
 task1 and we went on4  ,the next place 
we came to was ,farmer ,thompson's1     
where there were a great many little    
ones waiting for her4  ,so1 little ,mrs4
 ,goody ,two-,shoes1 said one of them4  
,where have you been so long8  ,i have  
been teaching1 says she1 longer than ,i 
intended1 and am afraid ,i am come too  
soon for you now4  ,no1 but indeed you  
are not1 replied the other1 for ,i have 
got my lesson1 and so has ,sally        
,dawson1 and so has ,harry ,wilson1 and 
so have we all2 and they capered about  
as if they were overjoyed to see her4   
,why1 then1 says she1 you are all very  
good1 and ,god ,almighty will love you2 
so let us begin our lesson4  ,they all  
huddled round her1 and though at the    
other place they were employed about    
words and syllables1 here we had people 

of much greater understanding1 who dealt
 only in sentences4  ,the ,lord have    
mercy upon me1 and grant ,i may always  
be good1 and say my prayers1 and love   
the ,lord my ,god with all my heart1 and
 with all my soul1 and with all my      
strength2 and honor government and all  
good men in authority4  ,little ,margery
 then set them to compose the following3
   ,,lesson ,,for ,,the ,,conduct ,,of  
,,life          ,he that will thrive    
,must rise by five4          ,he that   
hath thriv'n         ,may lie till      
seven4          ,truth may be blamed1   
,but cannot be shamed4          ,tell me
 with whom you go1         ,and ,i'll   
tell what you do4          ,a friend in 
your need         ,is a friend indeed4  
,they ne'er can be wise         ,who    
good counsel despise4  ,as we were      
returning home1 we saw a gentleman1 who 
was very ill1 sitting under a shady tree
 at the corner of his rookery4 ,though  
ill1 he began to joke with ,little      
,margery1 and said laughing1 ,so1 ,goody

 ,two-,shoes6 ,they tell me you are a   
cunning little baggage2 pray1 can you   
tell me what ,i shall do to get well8   
,yes1 said she1 go to bed when your     
rooks do and get up with them in the    
morning2 earn1 as they do1 every day    
what you eat1 and eat and drink no more 
than you earn1 and you will get health  
and keep it4  ,the gentleman1 laughing1 
gave ,margery sixpence1 and told her she
 was a sensible hussy4  ,mrs4 ,williams1
 who kept a college for instructing     
little gentlemen and ladies in the      
science of ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 was at this time 
very old and infirm1 and wanted to      
decline that important trust4 ,this     
being told to ,sir ,william ,dove1 who  
lived in the parish1 he sent for ,mrs4  
,williams1 and desired she would examine
 ,little ,two-,shoes and see whether she
 was qualified for the office4  ,this   
was done1 and ,mrs4 ,williams made the  
following report in her favor2 namely1  
that ,little ,margery was the best      
scholar1 and had the best head and the  

best heart of any one she had examined4 
,all the country had a great opinion of 
,mrs4 ,williams1 and her words gave them
 also a great opinion of ,mrs4 ,margery1
 for so we must now call her4  ,no      
sooner was ,mrs4 ,margery settled in    
this office than she laid every possible
 scheme to promote the welfare and      
happiness of all her neighbors1 and     
especially of the little ones1 in whom  
she took great delight2 and all those   
whose parents could not afford to pay   
for their education1 she taught for     
nothing but the pleasure she had in     
their company2 for you are to observe   
that they were very good1 or were soon  
made so by her good management4  ,the   
school where she taught was that which  
was before kept by ,mrs4 ,williams4 ,the
 room was large1 and as she knew that   
nature intended children should be      
always in action1 she placed her        
different letters1 or alphabets1 all    
round the school1 so that every one was 
obliged to get up to fetch a letter or  

spell a word when it came to his turn2  
which not only kept them in health but  
fixed the letters and points firmly in  
their minds4  ,she had the following    
assistants to help her1 and ,i will tell
 you how she came by them4 ,one day as  
she was going through the next village  
she met with some wicked boys who had   
got a young raven1 which they were going
 to throw at2 she wanted to get the poor
 creature out of their cruel hands1 and 
therefore gave them a penny for him1 and
 brought him home4 ,she called his name 
,ralph1 and a fine bird he was4  ,some  
days after she had met with the raven1  
as she was walking in the fields she saw
 some naughty boys who had taken a      
pigeon and tied a string to its leg1 in 
order to let it fly and draw it back    
again when they pleased2 and by this    
means they tortured the poor animal with
 the hopes of liberty and repeated      
disappointment4 ,this pigeon she also   
bought4 ,he was a very pretty fellow1   
and she called him ,tom4  ,some time    

after this a poor lamb had lost its dam1
 and the farmer being about to kill it1 
she bought it of him and brought it home
 with her to play with the children and 
teach them when to go to bed3 for it was
 a rule with the wise men of that age   
7and a very good one1 let me tell you7  
to  ,rise with the lark and lie down    
with the lamb4  ,this lamb she called   
,will1 and a pretty fellow he was4      
,soon after this a present was made to  
,mrs4 ,margery of a little dog1 ,jumper1
 and a pretty dog he was4 ,jumper1      
,jumper1 ,jumper6 ,he was always in good
 humor and playing and jumping about1   
and therefore he was called ,jumper4    
,the place assigned for ,jumper was that
 of keeping the door1 so that he may be 
called the porter of the college1 for he
 would let nobody go out or any one come
 in without the leave of his mistress4  
,but one day a dreadful accident        
happened in the school4 ,it was on a    
,thursday morning1 ,i very well         
remember1 when the children having      

learned their lessons soon1 she had     
given them leave to play1 and they were 
all running about the school and        
diverting themselves with the birds and 
the lamb4 ,at this time the dog1 all of 
a sudden1 laid hold of his mistress's   
apron and endeavored to pull her out of 
the school4 ,she was at first surprised2
 however1 she followed him to see what  
he intended4  ,no sooner had he led her 
into the garden than he ran back and    
pulled out one of the children in the   
same manner2 upon which she ordered them
 all to leave the school immediately2   
and they had not been out five minutes  
before the top of the house fell in4    
,what a miraculous deliverance was here6
 ,how gracious6 ,how good was ,god      
,almighty1 to save all these children   
from destruction1 and to make use of    
such an instrument as a little sagacious
 animal to accomplish ,his divine will6 
,i should have observed that as soon as 
they were all in the garden1 the dog    
came leaping round them to express his  

joy1 and when the house had fallen1 laid
 himself down quietly by his mistress4  
,some of the neighbors1 who saw the     
school fall and who were in great pain  
for ,margery and the little ones1 soon  
spread the news through the village1 and
 all the parents1 terrified for their   
children1 came crowding in abundance2   
they had1 however1 the satisfaction to  
find them all safe1 and upon their      
knees1 with their mistress1 giving ,god 
thanks for their happy deliverance4     
,you are not to wonder1 my dear reader1 
that this little dog should have more   
sense than you1 or your father1 or your 
grandfather4  ,though ,god ,almighty has
 made man the lord of creation1 and     
endowed him with reason1 yet in many    
respects ,he has been altogether as     
bountiful to other creatures of ,his    
forming4 ,some of the senses of other   
animals are more acute than ours1 as we 
find by daily experience4  ,the downfall
 of the school was a great misfortune to
 ,mrs4 ,margery2 for she not only lost  

all her books1 but was destitute of a   
place to teach in4 ,sir ,william ,dove1 
being informed of this1 ordered the     
house to be built at his own expense1   
and till that could be done1 ,farmer    
,grove was so kind as to let her have   
his large hall to teach in4  ,while at  
,mr4 ,grove's1 which was in the heart of
 the village1 she not only taught the   
children in the daytime1 but the        
farmer's servants1 and all the          
neighbors1 to read and write in the     
evening4 ,this gave not only ,mr4 ,grove
 but all the neighbors a high opinion of
 her good sense and prudent behavior2   
and she was so much esteemed that most  
of the differences in the parish were   
left to her decision4  ,one gentleman in
 particular1 ,i mean ,sir ,charles      
,jones1 had conceived such a high       
opinion of her that he offered her a    
considerable sum to take care of his    
family and the education of his         
daughter1 which1 however1 she refused4  
,but this gentleman1 sending for her    

afterwards when he had a dangerous fit  
of illness1 she went and behaved so     
prudently in the family and so tenderly 
to him and his daughter that he would   
not permit her to leave his house1 but  
soon after made her proposals of        
marriage4 ,she was truly sensible of the
 honor he intended her1 but1 though     
poor1 she would not consent to be made a
 lady until he had effectually provided 
for his daughter4  ,all things being    
settled and the day fixed1 the neighbors
 came in crowds to see the wedding2 for 
they were all glad that one who had been
 such a good little girl1 and was become
 such a virtuous and good woman1 was    
going to be made a lady4 ,but just as   
the clergyman had opened his book1 a    
gentleman richly dressed1 ran into the  
church1 and cried1 ,stop6 stop6  ,this  
greatly alarmed the congregation1       
particularly the intended bride and     
bridegroom1 whom he first accosted and  
desired to speak with them apart4 ,after
 they had been talking some little time1

 the people were greatly surprised to   
see ,sir ,charles stand motionless and  
his bride cry and faint away in the     
stranger's arms4 ,this seeming grief1   
however1 was only a prelude to a flood  
of joy which immediately succeeded2 for 
you must know1 gentle reader1 that this 
gentleman1 so richly dressed and        
bedizened with lace1 was that identical 
little boy whom you before saw in the   
sailor's habit2 in short1 it was little 
,tom ,two-,shoes1 ,mrs4 ,margery's      
brother1 who had just come from beyond  
sea1 where he had made a large fortune4 
,hearing1 as soon as he landed1 of his  
sister's intended wedding1 he had ridden
 in haste to see that a proper          
settlement was made on her2 which he    
thought she was now entitled to1 as he  
himself was both able and willing to    
give her an ample fortune4 ,they soon   
returned to their places and were       
married in tears1 but they were tears of
 joy4    #cgi          ,evenings at     
,home1 one of the important books       

in the history of the development of    
literature         for children1 was    
published in six small         volumes1 
from #agib to #agif4 ,it was a result of
         a newly awakened interest in   
the real world         round about us   
and represented the profound            
reaction against the fantastic visions  
and         sweetmeats of popular       
literature4 ,the main         purpose   
was to give instruction by showing      
things as they really are4 ,the plan of 
the book         is very simple4 ,the   
,fairbornes1 with a large               
progeny of children1 boys and girls1    
kept a         sort of open house for   
friends and relatives4         ,many of 
these visitors1 accustomed to writing1  
would frequently produce a fable1 a     
story1 or a         dialogue1 adapted to
 the age and understanding         of   
the young people4 ,these papers were    
dropped         into a box until the    
children should all be         assembled
 at holidays4 ,then one of the youngest 

was sent to rummage the budget1 which   
meant         to reach into the box and 
take the paper that         he happened 
to touch4 ,it was brought in and        
read and considered2 then the process   
was         repeated4 ,eyes1 and ,no    
,eyes was drawn out on         the      
twentieth evening4 ,evenings at ,home   
was         written by ,dr4 ,john ,aikin
 7#agdg-ahbb7 and his         sister    
,mrs4 ,anna ,letitia ,barbauld          
7#agdc-ahbe74         ,dr4 ,aikin seems 
to have written the larger              
number of the hundred papers composing  
the         book4 ,mrs4 ,barbauld's     
share is placed at         fifteen      
papers by authority of the ,dictionary  
of ,national ,biography4 ,some of the   
children in         these stories may   
perceive more closely than              
normal children do1 but this defect may 
add a         charm if the reader keeps 
in mind that this is         one of the 
earliest nature books for children4     
,stories of this kind require the       

presence of         some omniscient or  
encyclopedic character to         whom  
all the things requiring an answer may  
be         referred4 ,mr4 ,andrews in   
,eyes1 and ,no ,eyes1         ,mr4      
,barlow in ,day's ,sandford and ,merton1
 and         ,mr4 ,gresham in ,miss     
,edgeworth's ,waste ,not1         ,want 
,not are good illustrations of this     
type4   ,,eyes1 ,,and ,,no ,,eyes  ,,or 
,,the ,,art ,,of ,,seeing  ,,dr4 ,,aikin
 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,barbauld  ,well1        
,robert1 whither have you been walking  
this afternoon8 said ,mr4 ,andrews to   
one of his pupils at the close of a     
holiday4  ,r4 ,i have been1 sir1 to     
,broom-heath1 and so round by the       
windmill upon ,camp-mount1 and home     
through the meadows by the river side4  
,mr4 ,a4 ,well1 that's a pleasant round4
  ,r4 ,i thought it very dull1 sir2 ,i  
scarcely met with a single person4 ,i   
had rather by half have gone along the  
turnpike-road4  ,mr4 ,a4 ,why1 if seeing
 men and horses were your object1 you   

would1 indeed1 have been better         
entertained on the high-road4 ,but did  
you see ,william8  ,r4 ,we set out      
together1 but he lagged behind in the   
lane1 so ,i walked on and left him4     
,mr4 ,a4 ,that was a pity4 ,he would    
have been company for you4  ,r4 ,oh1 he 
is so tedious1 always stopping to look  
at this thing and that6 ,i had rather   
walk alone4 ,i dare say he has not got  
home yet4  ,mr4 ,a4 ,here he comes4     
,well1 ,william1 where have you been8   
,w4 ,oh1 sir1 the pleasantest walk6 ,i  
went all over ,broom-heath1 and so up to
 the mill at the top of the hill1 and   
then down among the green meadows1 by   
the side of the river4  ,mr4 ,a4 ,why1  
that is just the round ,robert has been 
taking1 and he complains of its         
dullness1 and prefers the high-road4    
,w4 ,i wonder at that4 ,i am sure ,i    
hardly took a step that did not delight 
me1 and ,i have brought home my         
handkerchief full of curiosities4  ,mr4 
,a4 ,suppose1 then1 you give us some    

account of what amused you so much4 ,i  
fancy it will be as new to ,robert as to
 me4  ,w4 ,i will1 sir4 ,the lane       
leading to the heath1 you know1 is close
 and sandy2 so ,i did not mind it much1 
but made the best of my way4 ,however1  
,i spied a curious thing enough in the  
hedge4 ,it was an old crab-tree1 out of 
which grew a great bunch of something   
green1 quite different from the tree    
itself4 ,here is a branch of it4  ,mr4  
,a4 ,ah6 this is mistletoe1 a plant of  
great fame for the use made of it by the
 ,druids of old in their religious rites
 and incantations4 ,it bears a very     
slimy white berry1 of which birdlime may
 be made1 whence its ,latin name of     
,viscus4 ,it is one of those plants     
which do not grow in the ground by a    
root of their own1 but fix themselves   
upon other plants2 whence they have been
 humorously styled parasitical1 as being
 hangers-on1 or dependents4 ,it was the 
mistletoe of the oak that the ,druids   
particularly honored4  ,w4 ,a little    

further on1 ,i saw a green woodpecker   
fly to a tree1 and run up the trunk like
 a cat4  ,mr4 ,a4 ,that was to seek for 
insects in the bark1 on which they live4
 ,they bore holes with their strong     
bills for that purpose1 and do much     
damage to the trees by it4  ,w4 ,what   
beautiful birds they are6  ,mr4 ,a4     
,yes2 the woodpecker has been called1   
from its color and size1 the ,english   
parrot4  ,w4 ,when ,i got upon the open 
heath1 how charming it was6 ,the air    
seemed so fresh1 and the prospect on    
every side so free and unbounded6 ,then 
it was all covered with gay flowers1    
many of which ,i had never observed     
before4 ,there were1 at least1 three    
kinds of heath 7,i have got them in my  
handkerchief here71 and gorse1 and      
broom1 and bell-flower1 and many others 
of all colors that ,i will beg you      
presently to tell me the names of4  ,mr4
 ,a4 ,that ,i will1 readily4  ,w4 ,i    
saw1 too1 several birds that were new to
 me4 ,there was a pretty greyish one1 of

 the size of a lark1 that was hopping   
about some great stones2 and when he    
flew1 he showed a great deal of white   
about his tail4  ,mr4 ,a4 ,that was a   
wheat-ear4 ,they are reckoned very      
delicious birds to eat1 and frequent the
 open downs in ,sussex1 and some other  
counties1 in great numbers4  ,w4 ,there 
was a flock of lapwings upon a marshy   
part of the heath1 that amused me much4 
,as ,i came near them1 some of them kept
 flying round and round1 just over my   
head1 and crying pewet1 so distinctly1  
one might almost fancy they spoke4 ,i   
thought ,i should have caught one of    
them1 for he flew as though one of his  
wings was broken1 and often tumbled     
close to the ground2 but as ,i came     
near1 he always made a shift to get     
away4  ,mr4 ,a4 ,ha1 ha6 you were finely
 taken in then6 ,this was all an        
artifice of the bird's1 to entice you   
away from its nest2 for they build upon 
the bare ground1 and their nests would  
easily be observed1 did they not draw   

off the attention of intruders by their 
loud cries and counterfeit lameness4    
,w4 ,i wish ,i had known that1 for he   
led me a long chase1 often over-shoes in
 water4 ,however1 it was the cause of my
 falling in with an old man and a boy   
who were cutting and piling up turf for 
fuel1 and ,i had a good deal of talk    
with them about the manner of preparing 
the turf1 and the price it sells at4    
,they gave me1 too1 a creature ,i never 
saw before--a young viper1 which they   
had just killed1 together with its dam4 
,i have seen several common snakes1 but 
this is thicker in proportion1 and of a 
darker color than they are4  ,mr4 ,a4   
,true4 ,vipers frequent those turfy1    
boggy grounds pretty much2 and ,i have  
known several turf-cutters bitten by    
them4  ,w4 ,they are very venomous1 are 
they not8  ,mr4 ,a4 ,enough so to make  
their wounds painful and dangerous1     
though they seldom prove fatal4  ,w4    
,well--,i then took my course up to the 
windmill1 on the mount4 ,i climbed up   

the steps of the mill1 in order to get a
 better view of the country around4     
,what an extensive prospect6 ,i counted 
fifteen church-steeples2 and ,i saw     
several gentlemen's houses peeping out  
from the midst of green woods and       
plantations2 and ,i could trace the     
windings of the river all along the low 
grounds1 till it was lost behind a ridge
 of hills4 ,but ,i'll tell you what ,i  
mean to do1 sir1 if you will give me    
leave4  ,mr4 ,a4 ,what is that8  ,w4 ,i 
will go again1 and take with me the     
county map1 by which ,i shall probably  
be able to make out most of the places4 
,mr4 ,a4 ,you shall have it1 and ,i will
 go with you1 and take my pocket        
spying-glass4  ,w4 ,i shall be very glad
 of that4 ,well--a thought struck me1   
that as the hill is called ,camp-mount1 
there might probably be some remains of 
ditches and mounds1 with which ,i have  
read that camps were surrounded4 ,and ,i
 really believe ,i discovered something 
of that sort running round one side of  

the mound4  ,mr4 ,a4 ,very likely you   
might4 ,i know antiquaries have         
described such remains as existing      
there1 which some suppose to be ,roman1 
others ,danish4 ,we will examine them   
further1 when we go4  ,w4 ,from the     
hill1 ,i went straight down to the      
meadows below1 and walked on the side of
 a brook that runs into the river4 ,it  
was all bordered with reeds and flags1  
and tall flowering plants1 quite        
different from those ,i had seen on the 
heath4 ,as ,i was getting down the bank1
 to reach one of them1 ,i heard         
something plunge into the water near me4
 ,it was a large water-rat1 and ,i saw  
it swim over to the other side1 and go  
into its hole4 ,there were a great many 
large dragonflies all about the stream4 
,i caught one of the finest1 and have   
got him here in a leaf4 ,but how ,i     
longed to catch a bird that ,i saw      
hovering over the water1 and that every 
now and then darted down into it6 ,it   
was all over a mixture of the most      

beautiful green and blue1 with some     
orange-color4 ,it was somewhat less than
 a thrush1 and had a large head and     
bill1 and a short tail4  ,mr4 ,a4 ,i can
 tell you what that bird was--a         
kingfisher1 the celebrated halcyon of   
the ancients1 about which so many tales 
are told4 ,it lives on fish1 which it   
catches in the manner you saw4 ,it      
builds in holes in the banks1 and is a  
shy1 retired bird1 never to be seen far 
from the stream which it inhabits4  ,w4 
,i must try to get another sight of him1
 for ,i never saw a bird that pleased me
 so much4 ,well--,i followed this little
 brook till it entered the river1 and   
then took the path that runs along the  
bank4 ,on the opposite side1 ,i observed
 several little birds running along the 
shore1 and making a piping noise4 ,they 
were brown and white1 and about as big  
as a snipe4  ,mr4 ,a4 ,i suppose they   
were sandpipers1 one of the numerous    
family of birds that get their living by
 wading among the shallows1 and picking 

up worms and insects4  ,w4 ,there were a
 great many swallows1 too1 sporting upon
 the surface of the water1 that         
entertained me with their motions4      
,sometimes they dashed into the stream2 
sometimes they pursued one another so   
quickly that the eye could scarcely     
follow them4 ,in one place1 where a     
high1 steep sand-bank rose directly     
above the river1 ,i observed many of    
them go in and out of holes1 with which 
the bank was bored full4  ,mr4 ,a4      
,those were sand-martins1 the smallest  
of our species of swallows4 ,they are of
 a mouse-color above1 and white beneath4
 ,they make their nests and bring up    
their young in these holes1 which run a 
great depth1 and by their situation are 
secure from all plunderers4  ,w4 ,a     
little further1 ,i saw a man in a boat1 
who was catching eels in an odd way4 ,he
 had a long pole with broad iron prongs 
at the end1 just like ,neptune's        
trident1 only there were five1 instead  
of three4 ,this he pushed straight down 

among the mud1 in the deepest parts of  
the river1 and fetched up the eels      
sticking between the prongs4  ,mr4 ,a4  
,i have seen this method4 ,it is called 
spearing of eels4  ,w4 ,while ,i was    
looking at him1 a heron came flying over
 my head1 with his large1 flagging      
wings4 ,he alighted at the next turn of 
the river1 and ,i crept softly behind   
the bank to watch his motions4 ,he had  
waded into the water as far as his long 
legs would carry him1 and was standing  
with his neck drawn in1 looking intently
 on the stream4 ,presently1 he darted   
his long bill1 as quick as lightning1   
into the water1 and drew out a fish1    
which he swallowed4 ,i saw him catch    
another in the same manner4 ,he then    
took alarm at some noise ,i made1 and   
flew away slowly to a wood at some      
distance1 where he settled4  ,mr4 ,a4   
,probably his nest was there1 for herons
 build upon the loftiest trees they can 
find1 and sometimes in society together1
 like rooks4 ,formerly1 when these birds

 were valued for the amusement of       
hawking1 many gentlemen had their       
heronries1 and a few are still          
remaining4  ,w4 ,i think they are the   
largest wild birds we have4  ,mr4 ,a4   
,they are of great length and spread of 
wing1 but their bodies are comparatively
 small4  ,w4 ,i then turned homeward1   
across the meadows1 where ,i stopped    
awhile to look at a large flock of      
starlings1 which kept flying about at no
 great distance4 ,i could not tell at   
first what to make of them2 for they    
arose all together from the ground as   
thick as a swarm of bees1 and formed    
themselves into a sort of black cloud1  
hovering over the field4 ,after taking a
 short round1 they settled again1 and   
presently arose again in the same       
manner4 ,i dare say there were hundreds 
of them4  ,mr4 ,a4 ,perhaps so2 for in  
the fenny countries their flocks are so 
numerous as to break down whole acres of
 reeds by settling on them4 ,this       
disposition of starlings to fly in close

 swarms was remarked even by ,homer1 who
 compares the foe flying from one of his
 heroes1 to a cloud of stares retiring  
dismayed at the approach of the hawk4   
,w4 ,after ,i had left the meadows1 ,i  
crossed the corn-fields in the way to   
our house1 and passed close by a deep   
marlpit4 ,looking into it1 ,i saw in one
 of the sides a cluster of what ,i took 
to be shells2 and1 upon going down1 ,i  
picked up a clod of marl1 which was     
quite full of them2 but how sea-shells  
could get there1 ,i cannot imagine4     
,mr4 ,a4 ,i do not wonder at your       
surprise1 since many philosophers have  
been much perplexed to account for the  
same appearance4 ,it is not uncommon to 
find great quantities of shells and     
relics of marine animals even in the    
bowels of high mountains1 very remote   
from the sea4 ,they are certainly proofs
 that the earth was once in a very      
different state from what it is at      
present2 but in what manner1 and how    
long ago these changes took place1 can  

only be guessed at4  ,w4 ,i got to the  
high field next our house just as the   
sun was setting1 and ,i stood looking at
 it till it was quite lost4 ,what a     
glorious sight6 ,the clouds were tinged 
purple and crimson and yellow of all    
shades and hues1 and the clear sky      
varied from blue to a fine green at the 
horizon4 ,but how large the sun appears 
just as it sets6 ,i think it seems twice
 as big as when it is overhead4  ,mr4   
,a4 ,it does so2 and you may probably   
have observed the same apparent         
enlargement of the moon at its rising8  
,w4 ,i have2 but1 pray1 what is the     
reason of this8  ,mr4 ,a4 ,it is an     
optical deception1 depending upon       
principles which ,i cannot well explain 
to you till you know more of that branch
 of science4 ,but what a number of new  
ideas this afternoon's walk has afforded
 you6 ,i do not wonder that you found it
 amusing2 it has been very instructive1 
too4 ,did you see nothing of all these  
sights1 ,robert8  ,r4 ,i saw some of    

them1 but ,i did not take particular    
notice of them4  ,mr4 ,a4 ,why not8  ,r4
 ,i don't know4 ,i did not care about   
them1 and ,i made the best of my way    
home4  ,mr4 ,a4 ,that would have been   
right if you had been sent with a       
message2 but as you walked only for     
amusement1 it would have been wiser to  
have sought out as many sources of it as
 possible4 ,but so it is--one man walks 
through the world with his eyes open1   
and another with them shut2 and upon    
this difference depends all the         
superiority of knowledge the one        
acquires above the other4 ,i have known 
sailors who had been in all the quarters
 of the world1 and could tell you       
nothing but the signs of the            
tippling-houses they frequented in      
different ports1 and the price and      
quality of the liquor4 ,on the other    
hand1 a ,franklin could not cross the   
,channel without making some            
observations useful to mankind4 ,while  
many a vacant1 thoughtless youth is     

whirled throughout ,europe without      
gaining a single idea worth crossing a  
street for1 the observing eye and       
inquiring mind find matter of           
improvement and delight in every ramble 
in town or country4 ,do you1 then1      
,william1 continue to make use of your  
eyes2 and you1 ,robert1 learn that eyes 
were given you to use4    #chj          
,thomas ,day's ,history of ,sandford and
 ,merton         was published in three 
volumes1 #aghc-aghi4 ,day         died  
in the latter year at the early age of  
forty-one4 ,he was a benevolent         
eccentric4         ,since he was well to
 do he could devote himself         to  
the attempt to carry out the schemes of 
social reform which he had at heart4    
,influenced         by ,rousseau and the
 doctrines of the ,french               
,revolution1 he believed human nature   
could be         made over by an        
educational scheme4 ,sandford           
and ,merton is an elaborate setting     
forth of         the concrete workings  

of this process4 ,the                   
inculcation of greater sympathy for the 
lower         classes and for animals1  
and a return to the         natural1    
commonplace virtues as opposed to the   
artificial organization of society      
formed the         main burden of the   
book4 ,tommy ,merton1                   
six-year-old spoiled darling of an      
over-indulgent gentleman of great       
fortune1 and         ,harry ,sandford1  
wonderfully perfect son of a            
plain1 honest farmer1 are placed under  
the         tuition of a                
minister-philosopher1 named             
,barlow4 ,this philosopher is evidently 
,mr4 ,day's         fictitious portrayal
 of himself4 ,the story         given   
below is one of a number by means of    
which the encyclopedic ,barlow educates 
,tommy         and ,harry4 ,another     
story from this group1                  
,androcles and the ,lion1 may be found  
in the         fables 7,no4 #bad74      
,sandford and ,merton is         still1 

according to ,sir ,leslie ,stephen1     
among         the best children's books 
in the language1 in         spite of its
 quaint didacticism1 because it         
succeeds in forcibly expressing his     
,day's         high sense of manliness1 
independence1 and         sterling      
qualities of character4   ,,the         
,,good-,,natured ,,little ,,boy         
,,thomas ,,day  ,a little ,boy went out1
 one morning1 to walk to a village about
 five miles from the place where he     
lived1 and carried with him1 in a       
basket1 the provision that was to serve 
him the whole day4 ,as he was walking   
along1 a poor little half-starved dog   
came up to him1 wagging his tail1 and   
seeming to entreat him to take          
compassion on him4 ,the little ,boy at  
first took no notice of him1 but at     
length1 remarking how lean and famished 
the creature seemed to be1 he said1     
,this animal is certainly in very great 
necessity3 if ,i give him part of my    
provision1 ,i shall be obliged to go    

home hungry myself2 however1 as he seems
 to want it more than ,i do1 he shall   
partake with me4 ,saying this1 he gave  
the dog part of what he had in the      
basket1 who ate as if he had not tasted 
victuals for a fortnight4  ,the little  
,boy then went on a little farther1 his 
dog still following him1 and fawning    
upon him with the greatest gratitude and
 affection2 when he saw a poor old horse
 lying upon the ground1 and groaning as 
if he was very ill1 he went up to him1  
and saw that he was almost starved1 and 
so weak that he was unable to rise4 ,i  
am very much afraid1 said the little    
,boy1 if ,i stay to assist this horse1  
that it will be dark before ,i can      
return2 and ,i have heard that there are
 several thieves in the neighborhood2   
however1 ,i will try2 it is doing a good
 action to attempt to relieve him2 and  
,god ,almighty will take care of me4 ,he
 then went and gathered some grass1     
which he brought to the horse's mouth1  
who immediately began to eat with as    

much relish as if his chief disease was 
hunger4 ,he then fetched some water in  
his hat1 which the animal drank up1 and 
seemed immediately to be so much        
refreshed1 that1 after a few trials1 he 
got up1 and began grazing4  ,the little 
,boy then went on a little farther1 and 
saw a man wading about in a pond of     
water1 without being able to get out of 
it1 in spite of all his endeavors4 ,what
 is the matter1 good man1 said the      
little ,boy to him2 can't you find your 
way out of this pond8 ,no1 ,god bless   
you1 my worthy master1 or miss1 said the
 man2 for such ,i take you to be by your
 voice3 ,i have fallen into this pond1  
and know not how to get out again1 as ,i
 am quite blind1 and ,i am almost afraid
 to move for fear of being drowned4     
,well1 said the little ,boy1 though ,i  
shall be wetted to the skin1 if you will
 throw me your stick1 ,i will try to    
help you out of it4 ,the blind man then 
threw the stick to that side on which he
 heard the voice2 the little ,boy caught

 it1 and went into the water1 feeling   
very carefully before him1 lest he      
should unguardedly go beyond his depth2 
at length he reached the blind man1 took
 him very carefully by the hand1 and led
 him out4 ,the blind man then gave him a
 thousand blessings1 and told him he    
could grope out his way home2 and the   
little ,boy ran on as hard as he could1 
to prevent being benighted4  ,but he had
 not proceeded far1 before he saw a poor
 ,sailor who had lost both his legs in  
an engagement by sea1 hopping along upon
 crutches4 ,god bless you1 my little    
master6 said the ,sailor2 ,i have fought
 many a battle with the ,french1 to     
defend poor old ,england3 but now ,i am 
crippled1 as you see1 and have neither  
victuals nor money1 although ,i am      
almost famished4 ,the little ,boy could 
not resist his inclination to relieve   
him2 so he gave him all his remaining   
victuals1 and said1 ,god help you1 poor 
man6 ,this is all ,i have1 otherwise you
 should have more4 ,he then ran along1  

and presently arrived at the town he was
 going to1 did his business1 and        
returned towards his own home with all  
the expedition he was able4  ,but he had
 not gone much more than half way1      
before the night shut in extremely dark1
 without either moon or stars to light  
him4 ,the poor little ,boy used his     
utmost endeavors to find his way1 but   
unfortunately missed it in turning down 
a lane which brought him into a wood1   
where he wandered about a great while   
without being able to find any path to  
lead him out4 ,tired out at last1 and   
hungry1 he felt himself so feeble that  
he could go no farther1 but set himself 
down upon the ground1 crying most       
bitterly4 ,in this situation he remained
 for some time1 till at last the little 
dog1 who had never forsaken him1 came up
 to him1 wagging his tail1 and holding  
something in his mouth4 ,the little ,boy
 took it from him1 and saw it was a     
handkerchief nicely pinned together1    
which somebody had dropped and the dog  

had picked up2 and on opening it1 he    
found several slices of bread and meat1 
which the little ,boy ate with great    
satisfaction1 and1 felt himself         
extremely refreshed with his meal4 ,so1 
said the little ,boy1 ,i see that if ,i 
have given you a breakfast1 you have    
given me a supper2 and a good turn is   
never lost1 done even to a dog4  ,he    
then once more attempted to escape from 
the wood2 but it was to no purpose2 he  
only scratched his legs with briars1 and
 slipped down in the dirt1 without being
 able to find his way out4 ,he was just 
going to give up all farther attempts in
 despair1 when he happened to see a     
horse feeding before him1 and1 going up 
to him1 saw by the light of the moon1   
which just then began to shine a little1
 that it was the very same he had fed in
 the morning4 ,perhaps1 said the little 
,boy1 this creature1 as ,i have been so 
good to him1 will let me get upon his   
back1 and he may bring me out of the    
wood1 as he is accustomed to feed in    

this neighborhood4 ,the little ,boy then
 went up to the horse1 speaking to him  
and stroking him1 and the horse let him 
mount his back without opposition2 and  
then proceeded slowly through the wood1 
grazing as he went1 till he brought him 
to an opening which led to the high     
road4 ,the little ,boy was much rejoiced
 at this1 and said1 ,if ,i had not saved
 this creature's life in the morning1 ,i
 should have been obliged to have staid 
here all night2 ,i see by this that a   
good turn is never lost4  ,but the poor 
little ,boy had yet a greater danger to 
undergo2 for1 as he was going along a   
solitary lane1 two men rushed out upon  
him1 laid hold of him1 and were going to
 strip him of his clothes2 but1 just as 
they were beginning to do it1 the little
 dog bit the leg of one of the men with 
so much violence that he left the little
 ,boy and pursued the dog1 that ran     
howling and barking away4 ,in this      
instant a voice was heard that cried    
out1 ,there the rascals are2 let us     

knock them down6 which frightened the   
remaining man so much that he ran away1 
and his companion followed him4 ,the    
little ,boy then looked up1 and saw that
 it was the ,sailor1 whom he had        
relieved in the morning1 carried upon   
the shoulders of the blind man whom he  
had helped out of the pond4 ,there1 my  
little dear1 said the ,sailor1 ,god be  
thanked6 ,we have come in time to do you
 a service1 in return for what you did  
us in the morning4 ,as ,i lay under a   
hedge ,i heard these villains talk of   
robbing a little ,boy1 who1 from the    
description1 ,i concluded must be you3  
but ,i was so lame that ,i should not   
have been able to come time enough to   
help you1 if ,i had not met this honest 
blind man1 who took me upon his back    
while ,i showed him the way4  ,the      
little ,boy thanked him very sincerely  
for thus defending him2 and they went   
all together to his father's house1     
which was not far off2 where they were  
all kindly entertained with a supper and

 a bed4 ,the little ,boy took care of   
his faithful dog as long as he lived1   
and never forgot the importance and     
necessity of doing good to others1 if we
 wish them to do the same to us4    #cha
          ,it has been no unusual thing 
for critics and         others following
 in their wake to sneer at              
,maria ,edgeworth 7#agfg-ahdi7 and her  
school as         hopelessly            
utilitarian4 ,but to find fault with    
her on that score is to blame her for   
having         achieved the very end she
 set out to reach4 ,sir         ,walter 
,scott1 who certainly knew what good    
story-telling was1 had the highest      
opinion of         her abilities1 and it
 is difficult to see how         any    
reader with a fair amount of catholicity
 in         his nature can fail to be   
impressed with her         power to     
build up a story in skillful dramatic   
fashion1 to portray various types of    
character         in most convincing    
manner1 and to emphasize in             

unforgettable ways the old and basic    
verities         of life4 ,of course    
fashions change in outward              
matters1 and we must not quarrel with a 
taste         that prefers the newest in
 literature any more         than with  
one that prefers the newest in dress4   
,miss ,edgeworth helped her eccentric   
father         present in ,practical    
,education an extended                  
discussion for the layman of the whole  
question         of the ways and means  
of educating people4 ,that         was  
one of the very first modern treatments 
of         that much-discussed subject1 
and its ideas are         not all       
obsolete yet by any means4 ,castle      
,rackrent belongs in the list of classic
         fiction4 ,however1 her chief   
interest for this         collection    
rests in the most important of her      
books for children1 ,the ,parent's      
,assistant or1         ,stories for     
,children 7#agif-ahjj74 ,the            
forbidding primary title was something  

the         publisher was mainly        
responsible for1 and has         been   
relegated to second place in modern     
reprints4 ,in these stories1 according  
to the         preface1 only such       
situations are described as             
children can easily imagine1 and which  
may         consequently interest their 
feelings4 ,such         examples of     
virtue are painted as are not above     
their conceptions of excellence1 and    
their         powers of sympathy and    
emulation4 ,miss         ,edgeworth knew
 children thoroughly4 ,she was          
surrounded by a crowd of brothers and   
sisters         for whom she had to     
invent means of         entertainment as
 well as instruction4 ,they             
really collaborated in the making of the
         stories4 ,as the stories were  
written out on a         slate1 the     
sections were read to eager             
listeners1 and the author had the       
advantage of         their honest       
expressions of approval or              

dissent4 ,waste ,not1 ,want ,not first  
appeared         in the final form given
 to ,the ,parent's         ,assistant1  
the third edition published in six      
volumes in #ahjj4 ,it is perhaps the    
best to         represent ,miss         
,edgeworth's work1 though ,simple       
,susan1 ,lazy ,lawrence1 and others have
 their         admirers4 ,in judging her
 work the student         should keep in
 mind 7#a7 that she wrote at a          
time when1 unlike the present1 the best 
authors         thought it beneath their
 dignity to write for         children1 
7#b7 that the too repressive and        
dogmatic attitude towards children which
 one         now and then feels in her  
stories was due to a         conscious  
effort to offset the undisciplined      
enthusiasms and sentimentalisms of her  
day1 and         7#c7 that she has been 
a living influence in the         lives 
of countless men and women for over a   
century4 ,she was a real pioneer4       
,,waste ,,not1 ,,want ,,not  ,,or  ,,two

 ,,strings ,,to ,,your ,,bow  ,,maria   
,,edgeworth  ,mr4 ,gresham1 a ,bristol  
merchant1 who had by honorable industry 
and economy accumulated a considerable  
fortune1 retired from business to a new 
house which he had built upon the       
,downs1 near ,clifton4 ,mr4 ,gresham1   
however1 did not imagine that a new     
house alone could make him happy3 he did
 not purpose to live in idleness and    
extravagance1 for such a life would have
 been equally incompatible with his     
habits and his principles4 ,he was fond 
of children1 and as he had no sons1 he  
determined to adopt one of his          
relations4 ,he had two nephews1 and he  
invited both of them to his house1 that 
he might have an opportunity of judging 
of their dispositions1 and of the habits
 which they had acquired4  ,hal and     
,benjamin1 ,mr4 ,gresham's nephews1 were
 about ten years old2 they had been     
educated very differently4 ,hal was the 
son of the elder branch of the family2  
his father was a gentleman1 who spent   

rather more than he could afford2 and   
,hal1 from the example of the servants  
in his father's family1 with whom he had
 passed the first years of his          
childhood1 learned to waste more of     
everything than he used4 ,he had been   
told that gentlemen should be above     
being careful and saving2 and he had    
unfortunately imbibed a notion that     
extravagance is the sign of a generous1 
and economy of an avaricious            
disposition4  ,benjamin1 on the         
contrary1 had been taught habits of care
 and foresight3 his father had but a    
very small fortune1 and was anxious that
 his son should early learn that economy
 insures independence1 and sometimes    
puts it in the power of those who are   
not very rich1 to be very generous4     
,the morning after these two boys       
arrived at their uncle's1 they were     
eager to see all the rooms in the house4
 ,mr4 ,gresham accompanied them1 and    
attended to their remarks1 and          
exclamations4  ,oh6 what an excellent   

motto6 exclaimed ,ben1 when he read the 
following words which were written in   
large characters over the chimneypiece1 
in his uncle's spacious kitchen3        
,,waste ,,not1 ,,want ,,not  ,waste not1
 want not6 repeated his cousin ,hal1 in 
rather a contemptuous tone2 ,i think it 
looks stingy to servants2 and no        
gentleman's servants1 cooks especially1 
would like to have such a mean motto    
always staring them in the face4  ,ben1 
who was not so conversant as his cousin 
in the ways of cooks and gentleman's    
servants1 made no reply to these        
observations4  ,mr4 ,gresham was called 
away while his nephews were looking at  
the other rooms in the house4 ,some time
 afterwards1 he heard their voices in   
the hall4  ,boys1 said he1 what are you 
doing there8  ,nothing1 ,sir1 said ,hal2
 you were called away from us1 and we   
did not know which way to go4  ,and have
 you nothing to do8 said ,mr4 ,gresham4 
,no1 ,sir1 nothing1 answered ,hal1 in a 
careless tone1 like one who was well    

content with the state of habitual      
idleness4  ,no1 ,sir1 nothing6 replied  
,ben1 in a voice of lamentation4  ,come1
 said ,mr4 ,gresham1 if you have nothing
 to do1 lads1 will you unpack these two 
parcels for me8  ,the two parcels were  
exactly alike1 both of them well tied up
 with good whipcord4 ,ben took his      
parcel to a table1 and1 after breaking  
off the sealing wax1 began carefully to 
examine the knot1 and then to untie it4 
,hal stood still exactly in the spot    
where the parcel was put into his hands1
 and tried first at one corner1 and then
 at another1 to pull the string off by  
force3 ,i wish these people wouldn't tie
 up their parcels so tight1 as if they  
were never to be undone1 cried he1 as he
 tugged at the cord2 and he pulled the  
knot closer instead of loosening it4    
,ben6 why how did you get yours undone1 
man8 ,what's in your parcel8 ,i wonder  
what is in mine6 ,i wish ,i could get   
this string off--,i must cut it4  ,oh1  
no1 said ,ben1 who now had undone the   

last knot of his parcel1 and who drew   
out the length of string with           
exultation1 don't cut it1 ,hal--look    
what a nice cord this is1 and yours is  
the same2 it's a pity to cut it2 ',waste
 not1 want not6' you know4  ,pooh6 said 
,hal1 what signifies a bit of           
pack-thread8  ,it is whipcord1 said     
,ben4  ,well1 whipcord6 ,what signifies 
a bit of whipcord6 ,you can get a bit of
 whipcord twice as long as that for     
twopence2 and who cares for twopence6   
,not ,i1 for one6 ,so here it goes1     
cried ,hal1 drawing out his knife2 and  
he cut the cord1 precipitately1 in      
sundry places4  ,lads6 ,have you undone 
the parcels for me8 said ,mr4 ,gresham1 
opening the parlor door as he spoke4    
,yes1 ,sir1 cried ,hal2 and he dragged  
off his half-cut1 half-entangled        
string--here's the parcel4  ,and here's 
my parcel1 ,uncle2 and here's the       
string1 said ,ben4  ,you may keep the   
string for your pains1 said ,mr4        
,gresham4  ,thank you1 ,sir1 said ,ben3 

what an excellent whipcord it is6  ,and 
you1 ,hal1 continued ,mr4 ,gresham1 you 
may keep your string too1 if it will be 
of any use to you4  ,it will be of no   
use to me1 thank you1 ,sir1 said ,hal4  
,no1 ,i am afraid not1 if this be it1   
said his uncle taking up the jagged1    
knotted remains of ,hal's cord4  ,a few 
days after this1 ,mr4 ,gresham gave to  
each of his nephews a new top4  ,but    
how's this8 said ,hal2 these tops have  
no strings2 what shall we do for        
strings8  ,i have a string that will do 
very well for mine1 said ,ben2 and he   
pulled out of his pocket the fine long  
smooth string which had tied up the     
parcel4 ,with this he soon set up his   
top1 which spun admirably well4  ,oh1   
how ,i wish that ,i had but a string6   
said ,hal3 what shall ,i do for a       
string8 ,i'll tell you what3 ,i can use 
the string that goes round my hat4  ,but
 then1 said ,ben1 what will you do for a
 hatband8  ,i'll manage to do without   
one1 said ,hal and he took the string   

off his hat for his top4 ,it soon was   
worn through2 and he split his top by   
driving the peg too tightly into it4    
,his cousin ,ben let him set up his the 
next day2 but ,hal was not more         
fortunate or more careful when he       
meddled with other people's things than 
when he managed his own4 ,he had        
scarcely played half an hour before he  
split it1 by driving in the peg too     
violently4  ,ben bore this misfortune   
with good humor4 ,come1 said he1 it     
can't be helped6 ,but give me the       
string1 because that may still be of use
 for something else4  ,it happened some 
time afterwards1 that a lady who had    
been intimately acquainted with ,hal's  
mother at ,bath1 that is to say1 who had
 frequently met her at the card table   
during the winter1 now arrived at       
,clifton4 ,she was informed by his      
mother that ,hal was at ,mr4 ,gresham's3
 and her sons1 who were friends of his1 
came to see him1 and invited him to     
spend the next day with them4  ,hal     

joyfully accepted the invitation4 ,he   
was always glad to go out to dine1      
because it gave him something to do1    
something to think of1 or1 at least1    
something to say4 ,besides this1 he had 
been educated to think it was a fine    
thing to visit fine people2 and ,lady   
,diana ,sweepstakes 7for that was the   
name of his mother's acquaintance7 was a
 very fine lady2 and her two sons       
intended to be very great gentlemen4    
,he was in a prodigious hurry when these
 young gentlemen knocked at his uncle's 
door the next day2 but just as he got to
 the hall door1 little ,patty called to 
him from the top of the stairs1 and told
 him that he had dropped his            
pocket-handkerchief4  ,pick it up1 then1
 and bring it to me1 quick1 can't you1  
child1 cried ,hal1 for ,lady ,di4's sons
 are waiting for me8  ,little ,patty did
 not know anything about ,lady ,di4's   
sons2 but as she was very good-natured1 
and saw that her cousin ,hal was1 for   
some reason or other1 in a desperate    

hurry1 she ran down stairs as fast as   
she possibly could towards the          
landing-place1 where the handkerchief   
lay3--but alas6 ,before she reached the 
handkerchief she fell1 rolling down a   
whole flight of stairs2 and1 when her   
fall was at last stopped by the         
landing-place1 she did not cry1 but she 
writhed as if she was in great pain4    
,where are you hurt1 my love8 said ,mr4 
,gresham1 who came instantly1 on hearing
 the noise of some one falling down     
stairs4  ,where are you hurt1 my dear8  
,here1 ,papa1 said the little girl1     
touching her ankle1 which she had       
decently covered with her gown3 ,i      
believe ,i am hurt here1 but not much1  
added she1 trying to rise2 only it hurts
 me when ,i move4  ,i'll carry you1     
don't move then1 said her father2 and he
 took her up in his arms4  ,my shoe1    
,i've lost one of my shoes1 said she4   
,ben looked for it upon the stairs1 and 
he found it sticking in a loop of       
whipcord1 which was entangled round one 

of the balusters4 ,when this cord was   
drawn forth1 it appeared that it was the
 very same jagged1 entangled piece which
 ,hal had pulled off his parcel4 ,he had
 diverted himself with running up and   
down stairs1 whipping the balusters with
 it1 as he thought he could convert it  
to no better use2 and with his usual    
carelessness1 he at last left it hanging
 just where he happened to throw it1    
when the dinner-bell rang4 ,poor little 
,patty's ankle was terribly sprained1   
and ,hal reproached himself for his     
folly1 and would have reproached himself
 longer1 perhaps1 if ,lady ,di4         
,sweepstakes' sons had not hurried him  
away4  ,in the evening1 ,patty could not
 run about as she used to do2 but she   
sat upon the sofa1 and she said that she
 did not feel the pain of her ankle so  
much whilst ,ben was so good as to play 
at jack-straws with her4  ,that's right1
 ,ben2 never be ashamed of being        
good-natured to those who are younger   
and weaker than yourself1 said his      

uncle1 smiling at seeing him produce his
 whipcord1 to indulge his little cousin 
with a game at her favorite             
cat's-cradle4 ,i shall not think you one
 bit less manly1 because ,i see you     
playing at cat's-cradle with a child six
 years old4  ,hal1 however1 was not     
precisely of his uncle's opinion2 for   
when he returned in the evening and saw 
,ben playing with his little cousin1 he 
could not help smiling contemptuously1  
and asked if he had been playing at     
cat's-cradle all night4 ,in a heedless  
manner he made some inquiries after     
,patty's sprained ankle1 and then he ran
 on to tell all the news he had heard at
 ,lady ,diana ,sweepstakes'--news which 
he thought would make him appear a      
person of vast importance4  ,do you     
know1 ,uncle--,do you know1 ,ben1 said  
he--there's to be the most famous doings
 that ever were heard of1 upon the      
,downs here1 the first day of next      
month1 which will be in a fortnight1    
thank my stars6 ,i wish the fortnight   

were over2 ,i shall think of nothing    
else ,i know1 till that happy day comes4
  ,mr4 ,gresham inquired why the first  
of ,september was to be so much happier 
than any other day in the year4  ,why1  
replied ,hal1 ,lady ,diana ,sweepstakes1
 you know1 is a famous rider1 and       
archer1 and all that--  ,very likely1   
said ,mr4 ,gresham1 soberly--but what   
then8  ,dear ,uncle6 cried ,hal1 but you
 shall hear4 ,there's to be a race upon 
the ,downs the first of ,september1 and1
 after the race1 there's to be an       
archery meeting for the ladies1 and     
,lady ,diana ,sweepstakes is to be one  
of them4 ,and after the ladies have done
 shooting--now1 ,ben1 comes the best    
part of it6 we boys are to have our     
turn1 and ,lady ,di4 is to give a prize 
to the best marksman amongst us1 of a   
very handsome bow and arrow6 ,do you    
know ,i've been practising already1 and 
,i'll show you tomorrow1 as soon as it  
comes home1 the famous bow and arrow    
that ,lady ,diana has given me3 but1    

perhaps1 added he1 with a scornful      
laugh1 you like a cat's-cradle better   
than a bow and arrow4  ,ben made no     
reply to this taunt at the moment2 but  
the next day1 when ,hal's new bow and   
arrow came home1 he convinced him that  
he knew how to use it very well4  ,ben1 
said his uncle1 you seem to be a good   
marksman1 though you have not boasted of
 yourself4 ,i'll give you a bow and     
arrow2 and perhaps1 if you practise1 you
 may make yourself an archer before the 
first of ,september2 and1 in the        
meantime1 you will not wish the         
fortnight to be over1 for you will have 
something to do4  ,oh1 ,sir1 interrupted
 ,hal1 but if you mean that ,ben should 
put in for the prize1 he must have a    
uniform4  ,why must he8 said ,mr4       
,gresham4  ,why1 ,sir1 because everybody
 has--,i mean everybody that's          
anybody2--and ,lady ,diana was talking  
about the uniform all dinner-time1 and  
it's settled all about it except the    
buttons2 the young ,sweepstakes are to  

get theirs made first for patterns2 they
 are to be white1 faced with green2 and 
they'll look very handsome1 ,i'm sure2  
and ,i shall write to ,mamma to-night1  
as ,lady ,diana bid me1 about mine2 and 
,i shall tell her to be sure to answer  
my letter1 without fail1 by return of   
the post2 and then1 if ,mamma makes no  
objection1 which ,i know she won't1     
because she never thinks much about     
expense1 and all that--then ,i shall    
bespeak my uniform1 and get it made by  
the same tailor that makes for ,lady    
,diana and the young ,sweepstakes4      
,mercy upon us6 said ,mr4 ,gresham1 who 
was almost stunned by the rapid         
vociferation with which this long speech
 about a uniform was pronounced4  ,i    
don't pretend to understand these       
things1 added he1 with an air of        
simplicity1 but we will inquire1 ,ben1  
into the necessity of the case1 and if  
it is necessary--or if you think it     
necessary--that you should have a       
uniform1 why--,i'll give you one4  ,you1

 ,uncle6--,will you1 indeed8 exclaimed  
,hal1 with amazement painted in his     
countenance4 ,well1 that's the last     
thing in the world ,i should have       
expected6--,you are not at all the sort 
of person ,i should have thought would  
care about a uniform2 and ,i should have
 supposed you'd have thought it         
extravagant to have a coat on purpose   
only for one day2 and ,i'm sure ,lady   
,diana ,sweepstakes thought as ,i do3   
for when ,i told her that motto over    
your kitchen chimney1 ,,waste ,,not1    
,,want ,,not1 she laughed1 and said that
 ,i had better not talk to you about    
uniforms1 and that my mother was the    
proper person to write to about my      
uniform2 but ,i'll tell ,lady ,diana1   
,uncle1 how good you are1 and how much  
she was mistaken4  ,take care how you do
 that1 said ,mr4 ,gresham2 for1 perhaps1
 the lady was not mistaken4  ,nay1 did  
not you say1 just now1 you would give   
poor ,ben a uniform8  ,i said ,i would1 
if he thought it necessary to have one4 

,oh1 ,i'll answer for it1 he'll think it
 necessary1 said ,hal1 laughing1 because
 it is necessary4  ,allow him1 at least1
 to judge for himself1 said ,mr4        
,gresham4  ,my dear ,uncle1 but ,i      
assure you1 said ,hal1 earnestly1       
there's no judging about the matter1    
because really1 upon my word1 ,lady     
,diana said distinctly that her sons    
were to have uniforms1 white faced with 
green1 and a green and white cockade in 
their hats4  ,may be so1 said ,mr4      
,gresham1 still with the same look of   
calm simplicity2 put on your hats1 boys1
 and come with me4 ,i know a gentleman  
whose sons are to be at this archery    
meeting1 and we will inquire into all   
the particulars from him4 ,then1 after  
we have seen him 7it is not eleven      
o'clock yet71 we shall have time enough 
to walk on to ,bristol and choose the   
cloth for ,ben's uniform1 if it be      
necessary4  ,i cannot tell what to make 
of all he says1 whispered ,hal1 as he   
reached down his hat2 do you think1     

,ben1 he means to give you this uniform1
 or not8  ,i think1 said ,ben1 that he  
means to give me one1 if it be          
necessary2 or1 as he said1 if ,i think  
it is necessary4  ,and that1 to be sure1
 you will2 won't you8 or else you'll be 
a great fool1 ,i know1 after all ,i've  
told you4 ,how can any one in the world 
know so much about the matter as ,i1 who
 have dined with ,lady ,diana           
,sweepstakes but yesterday2 and heard   
all about it1 from beginning to end8    
,and as for this gentleman that we are  
going to1 ,i'm sure1 if he knows        
anything about the matter1 he'll say    
exactly the same as ,i do4  ,we shall   
hear1 said ,ben1 with a degree of       
composure1 which ,hal could by no means 
comprehend1 when a uniform was in       
question4  ,the gentleman upon whom ,mr4
 ,gresham called had three sons1 who    
were all to be at this archery meeting1 
and they unanimously assured him1 in the
 presence of ,hal and ,ben1 that they   
had never thought of buying uniforms for

 this grand occasion2 and that amongst  
the number of their acquaintance1 they  
knew of but three boys whose friends    
intended to be at such an unnecessary   
expense4 ,hal stood amazed--,such are   
the varieties of opinion upon all the   
grand affairs of life1 said ,mr4        
,gresham1 looking at his nephews--what  
amongst one set of people you hear      
asserted to be absolutely necessary1 you
 will hear from another set of people is
 quite unnecessary4 ,all that can be    
done1 my dear boys1 in these difficult  
cases1 is to judge for yourselves1 which
 opinions1 and which people1 are the    
most reasonable4  ,hal1 who had been    
more accustomed to think of what was    
fashionable than of what was reasonable1
 without at all considering the good    
sense of what his uncle said to him1    
replied with childish petulance1        
,indeed1 sir1 ,i don't know what other  
people think2 ,i only know what ,lady   
,diana ,sweepstakes said4  ,the name of 
,lady ,diana ,sweepstakes1 ,hal thought1

 must impress all present with respect3 
he was highly astonished1 when1 as he   
looked round1 he saw a smile of contempt
 upon every one's countenance2 and he   
was yet further bewildered when he heard
 her spoken of as a very silly1         
extravagant1 ridiculous woman1 whose    
opinion no prudent person would ask upon
 any subject1 and whose example was to  
be shunned1 instead of being imitated4  
,ay1 my dear ,hal1 said his uncle1      
smiling at his look of amazement1 these 
are some of the things that young people
 must learn from experience4 ,all the   
world do not agree in opinion about     
characters3 you will hear the same      
person admired in one company1 and      
blamed in another2 so that we must still
 come round to the same point1 ,judge   
for yourself4  ,hal's thoughts were1    
however1 at present1 too full of the    
uniform to allow his judgment to act    
with perfect impartiality4 ,as soon as  
their visit was over1 and all the time  
they walked down the hill from          

,prince's-buildings1 towards ,bristol1  
he continued to repeat nearly the same  
arguments which he had formerly used2   
respecting necessity1 the uniform1 and  
,lady ,diana ,sweepstakes4  ,to all this
 ,mr4 ,gresham made no reply2 and longer
 had the young gentleman expatiated upon
 the subject1 which had so strongly     
seized upon his imagination1 had not his
 senses been forcibly assailed at this  
instant by the delicious odors and      
tempting sight of certain cakes and     
jellies in a pastry-cook's shop4  ,oh1  
,uncle1 said he1 as his uncle was going 
to turn the corner to pursue the road to
 ,bristol1 look at those jellies6       
pointing to a confectioner's shop2 ,i   
must buy some of those good things2 for 
,i have got some half-pence in my       
pocket4  ,your having half-pence in your
 pocket is an excellent reason for      
eating1 said ,mr4 ,gresham1 smiling4    
,but ,i really am hungry1 said ,hal2 you
 know1 ,uncle1 it is a good while since 
breakfast4  ,his uncle1 who was desirous

 to see his nephews act without         
restraint1 that he might judge of their 
characters1 bid them do as they pleased4
  ,come1 then1 ,ben1 if you've any      
half-pence in your pocket4  ,i'm not    
hungry1 said ,ben4  ,i suppose that     
means that you've no half-pence1 said   
,hal1 laughing1 with the look of        
superiority which he had been taught to 
think the rich might assume towards     
those who were convicted either of      
poverty or economy4  ,waste not1 want   
not1 said ,ben to himself4 ,contrary to 
his cousin's surmise1 he happened to    
have two pennyworth of half-pence       
actually in his pocket4  ,at the very   
moment ,hal stepped into the            
pastry-cook's shop1 a poor industrious  
man1 with a wooden leg1 who usually     
sweeps the dirty corner of the walk     
which turns at this spot to the ,wells1 
held his hat to ,ben1 who1 after        
glancing his eye at the petitioner's    
well-worn broom1 instantly produced his 
two-pence4 ,i wish ,i had more          

half-pence for you1 my good man1 said   
he2 but ,i've only two-pence4  ,hal came
 out of ,mr4 ,millar's1 the             
confectioner's shop1 with a hatful of   
cakes in his hand4  ,mr4 ,millar's dog  
was sitting on the flags before the     
door2 and he looked up1 with a wistful1 
begging eye1 at ,hal1 who was eating a  
queen-cake4  ,hal1 who was wasteful even
 in his good nature1 threw a whole      
queen-cake to the dog1 who swallowed it 
for a single mouthful4  ,there go       
two-pence in the form of a queen-cake1  
said ,mr4 ,gresham4  ,hal next offered  
some of his cakes to his uncle and      
cousin2 but they thanked him1 and       
refused to eat any1 because1 they said1 
they were not hungry2 so he ate and ate1
 as he walked along1 till at last he    
stopped1 and said1 ,this bun tastes so  
bad after the queen-cakes1 ,i can't bear
 it6 and he was going to fling it from  
him into the river4  ,oh1 it is a pity  
to waste that good bun2 we may be glad  
of it yet1 said ,ben2 give it to me1    

rather than throw it away4  ,why1 ,i    
thought you said you were not hungry1   
said ,hal4  ,true1 ,i am not hungry now2
 but that is no reason why ,i should    
never be hungry again4  ,well1 there is 
the cake for you2 take it1 for it has   
made me sick2 and ,i don't care what    
becomes of it4  ,ben folded the refuse  
bit of his cousin's bun in a piece of   
paper1 and put it into his pocket4  ,i'm
 beginning to be exceedingly tired1 or  
sick1 or something1 said ,hal1 and as   
there is a stand of coaches somewhere   
hereabouts1 had we not better take a    
coach1 instead of walking all the way to
 ,bristol8  ,for a stout archer1 said   
,mr4 ,gresham1 you are more easily tired
 than one might have expected4 ,however1
 with all my heart2 let us take a coach2
 for ,ben asked me to show him the      
cathedral yesterday1 and ,i believe ,i  
should find it rather too much for me to
 walk so far1 though ,i am not sick with
 eating good things4  ,the cathedral6   
said ,hal1 after he had been seated in  

the coach about a quarter of an hour1   
and had somewhat recovered from his     
sickness4 ,the cathedral6 ,why1 are we  
only going to ,bristol to see the       
cathedral8 ,i thought we came out to see
 about a uniform4  ,there was a dullness
 and melancholy kind of stupidity in    
,hal's countenance1 as he pronounced    
these words1 like one wakening from a   
dream1 which made both his uncle and    
cousin burst out a laughing4  ,why1 said
 ,hal1 who was now piqued1 ,i'm sure you
 did say1 ,uncle1 you would go to ,mr4  
----'s1 to choose the cloth for the     
uniform4  ,very true3 and so ,i will1   
said ,mr4 ,gresham2 but we need not make
 a whole morning's work1 need we1 of    
looking at a piece of cloth8 ,cannot we 
see a uniform and a cathedral both in   
one morning8  ,they went first to the   
cathedral4 ,hal's head was too full of  
the uniform to take any notice of the   
painted window1 which immediately caught
 ,ben's unembarrassed attention4 ,he    
looked at the large stained figures on  

the ,gothic window2 and he observed     
their colored shadows on the floor and  
walls4  ,mr4 ,gresham1 who perceived    
that he was eager on all subjects to    
gain information1 took this opportunity 
of telling him several things about the 
lost art of painting on glass1 ,gothic  
arches1 etc41 which ,hal thought        
extremely tiresome4  ,come6 come6 we    
shall be late1 indeed1 said ,hal2 surely
 you've looked long enough1 ,ben1 at    
this blue and red window4  ,i'm only    
thinking about these colored shadows1   
said ,ben4  ,i can show you1 when we go 
home1 ,ben1 said his uncle1 an          
entertaining paper on such shadows4     
,hark6 cried ,ben1 did you hear that    
noise8  ,they all listened1 and heard a 
bird singing in the cathedral4  ,it's   
our old robin1 sir1 said the lad who had
 opened the cathedral door for them4    
,yes1 said ,mr4 ,gresham1 there he is1  
boys--look--perched upon the organ2 he  
often sits there1 and sings whilst the  
organ is playing4 ,and1 continued the   

lad who showed the cathedral1 he has    
lived here this many winters2 they say  
he is fifteen years old2 and he is so   
tame1 poor fellow1 that if ,i had a bit 
of bread he'd come down and feed in my  
hand4  ,i've a bit of bun here1 cried   
,ben1 joyfully1 producing the remains of
 the bun which ,hal1 but an hour before1
 would have thrown away4 ,pray let us   
see the poor robin eat out of your hand4
  ,the lad crumbled the bun1 and called 
to the robin1 who fluttered and chirped1
 and seemed rejoiced at the sight of the
 bread2 but yet he did not come down    
from his pinnacle on the organ4  ,he is 
afraid of us1 said ,ben2 he is not used 
to eat before strangers1 ,i suppose4    
,ah1 no1 ,sir1 said the young man1 with 
a deep sigh1 that is not the thing3 he  
is used enough to eat afore company2    
time was1 he'd have come down for me1   
before ever so many fine folks1 and have
 ate his crumbs out of my hand1 at my   
first call2 but1 poor fellow1 it's not  
his fault now2 he does not know me now1 

,sir1 since my accident1 because of this
 great black patch4  ,the young man put 
his hand to his right eye1 which was    
covered with a huge black patch4  ,ben  
asked what accident he meant2 and the   
lad told him that1 a few weeks ago1 he  
had lost the sight of his eye by the    
stroke of a stone1 which reached him as 
he was passing under the rocks of       
,clifton1 unluckily1 when the workmen   
were blasting4  ,i don't mind so much   
for myself1 ,sir1 said the lad2 but ,i  
can't work so well now1 as ,i used to do
 before my accident1 for my old mother1 
who has had a stroke of the palsy2 and  
,i've a many little brothers and        
sisters1 not well able yet to get their 
own livelihood1 though they be as       
willing1 as willing can be4  ,where does
 your mother live8 said ,mr4 ,gresham4  
,hard by1 ,sir1 just close to the church
 here3 it was her that always had the   
showing of it to strangers1 till she    
lost the use of her poor limbs4  ,shall 
we1 may we1 go that way8--,this is the  

house3 is it not8 said ,ben1 when they  
went out of the cathedral4  ,they went  
into the house3 it was rather a hovel   
than a house2 but1 poor as it was1 it   
was as neat as misery could make it4    
,the old woman was sitting up in her    
wretched bed1 winding worsted2 four     
meager1 ill-clothed1 pale children were 
all busy1 some of them sticking pins in 
paper for the pin-maker1 and others     
sorting rags for the paper-maker4  ,what
 a horrid place it is6 said ,hal1       
sighing2 ,i did not know there were such
 shocking places in the world4 ,i've    
often seen terrible-looking1 tumble-down
 places1 as we drove through the town in
 ,mamma's carriage2 but then ,i did not 
know who lived in them2 and ,i never saw
 the inside of any of them4 ,it is very 
dreadful1 indeed1 to think that people  
are forced to live in this way4 ,i wish 
,mamma would send me some more          
pocket-money1 that ,i might do something
 for them4 ,i had half-a-crown2 but1    
continued he1 feeling in his pockets1   

,i'm afraid ,i spent the last shilling  
of it this morning1 upon those cakes    
that made me sick4 ,i wish ,i had my    
shilling now1 ,i'd give it to these poor
 people4  ,ben1 though he was all this  
time silent1 was as sorry as his        
talkative cousin1 for all these poor    
people4 ,but there was some difference  
between the sorrow of these two boys4   
,hal1 after he was again seated in the  
hackney-coach1 and had rattled through  
the busy streets of ,bristol for a few  
minutes1 quite forgot the spectacle of  
misery which he had seen2 and the gay   
shops in ,wine-street1 and the idea of  
his green and white uniform1 wholly     
occupied his imagination4  ,now for our 
uniforms6 cried he1 as he jumped eagerly
 out of the coach1 when his uncle       
stopped at the woolen-draper's door4    
,uncle1 said ,ben1 stopping ,mr4        
,gresham before he got out of the       
carriage1 ,i don't think a uniform is at
 all necessary for me4 ,i'm very much   
obliged to you1 but ,i would rather not 

have one4 ,i have a very good coat--and 
,i think it would be waste4  ,well1 let 
me out of the carriage and we will see  
about it1 said ,mr4 ,gresham perhaps the
 sight of the beautiful green and white 
cloth1 and the epaulettes 7have you ever
 considered the epaulettes87 may tempt  
you to change your mind4  ,oh1 no1 said 
,ben1 laughing2 ,i shall not change my  
mind4  ,the green cloth1 and the white  
cloth1 and the epaulettes1 were         
produced1 to ,hal's infinite            
satisfaction4 ,his uncle took up a pen1 
and calculated for a few minutes2 then1 
showing the back of the letter1 upon    
which he was writing1 to his nephews1   
,cast up these sums1 boys1 said he1 and 
tell me whether ,i am right4  ,ben1 do  
you do it1 said ,hal1 a little          
embarrassed2 ,i am not quick at figures4
  ,ben was1 and he went over his uncle's
 calculation very expeditiously4  ,it is
 right1 is it8 said ,mr4 ,gresham4      
,yes1 ,sir1 quite right4  ,then by this 
calculation1 ,i find ,i could for less  

than half the money your uniforms would 
cost1 purchase for each of you boys a   
warm great-coat1 which you will want1 ,i
 have a notion1 this winter upon the    
,downs4  ,oh1 ,sir1 said ,hal1 with an  
alarmed look2 but it is not winter yet2 
it is not cold weather yet4 ,we sha'n't 
want great-coats yet4  ,don't you       
remember how cold we were1 ,hal1 the day
 before yesterday1 in that sharp wind1  
when we were flying our kite upon the   
,downs8--and winter will come1 though it
 is not come yet2 ,i am sure1 ,i should 
like to have a good warm great-coat very
 much1 said ,ben4  ,mr4 ,gresham took   
six guineas out of his purse2 and he    
placed three of them before ,hal1 and   
three before ,ben4  ,young gentlemen1   
said he1 ,i believe your uniforms would 
come to about three guineas apiece4 ,now
 ,i will lay out this money for you just
 as you please3 ,hal1 what say you8     
,why1 ,sir1 said ,hal1 a great-coat is a
 good thing1 to be sure2 and then1 after
 the great-coat1 as you said it would   

only cost half as much as the uniform1  
there would be some money to spare1     
would not there8  ,yes1 my dear1 about  
five-and-twenty shillings4              
,five-and-twenty shillings6 ,i could buy
 and do a great many things1 to be sure1
 with five-and-twenty shillings2 but    
then1 the thing is1 ,i must go without  
the uniform1 if ,i have the great-coat4 
,certainly1 said his uncle4  ,ah6 said  
,hal1 sighing as he looked at the       
epaulettes1 ,uncle1 if you would not be 
displeased if ,i choose the uniform--   
,i shall not be displeased at your      
choosing whatever you like best1 said   
,mr4 ,gresham4  ,well1 then1 thank you1 
,sir1 ,i think ,i had better have the   
uniform1 because if ,i have not the     
uniform now directly it will be of no   
use to me1 as the archery meeting is the
 week after next1 you know2 and as to   
the great-coat1 perhaps1 between this   
time and the very cold weather1 which1  
perhaps1 won't be till ,christmas1 ,papa
 will buy a great-coat for me2 and ,i'll

 ask ,mamma to give me some pocket-money
 to give away1 and she will perhaps4    
,to all this conclusive conditional     
reasoning1 which depended upon perhaps1 
three times repeated1 ,mr4 ,gresham made
 no reply2 but he immediately bought the
 uniform for ,hal1 and desired that it  
should be sent to ,lady ,diana          
,sweepstakes' sons' tailor1 to be made  
up4 ,the measure of ,hal's happiness was
 now complete4  ,and how am ,i to lay   
out the three guineas for you1 ,ben8    
said ,mr4 ,gresham4 ,speak1 what do you 
wish for first8  ,a great-coat1 ,uncle1 
if you please4  ,mr4 ,gresham bought the
 coat2 and after it was paid for1       
five-and-twenty shillings of ,ben's     
three guineas remained4  ,what's next1  
my boy8 said his uncle4  ,arrows1       
,uncle1 if you please3 three arrows4    
,my dear1 ,i promised you a bow and     
arrows4  ,no1 ,uncle1 you only said a   
bow4  ,well1 ,i meant a bow and arrows4 
,i'm glad you are so exact1 however4 ,it
 is better to claim less than more than 

what is promised4 ,the three arrows you 
shall have4 ,but go on3 how shall ,i    
dispose of these five-and-twenty        
shillings for you8  ,in clothes1 if you 
will be so good1 ,uncle1 for that poor  
boy1 who has the great black patch on   
his eye4  ,i always believed1 said ,mr4 
,gresham1 shaking hands with ,ben1 that 
economy and generosity were the best    
friends1 instead of being enemies1 as   
some silly1 extravagant people would    
have us think them4 ,choose the poor    
blind boy's coat1 my dear nephew1 and   
pay for it4 ,there's no occasion for my 
praising you about the matter2 your best
 reward is in your own mind1 child2 and 
you want no other1 or ,i'm mistaken4    
,now jump into the coach1 boys1 and     
let's be off4 ,we shall be late1 ,i'm   
afraid1 continued he1 as the coach drove
 on2 but ,i must let you stop1 ,ben1    
with your goods1 at the poor boy's door4
  ,when they came to the house1 ,mr4    
,gresham opened the coach door1 and ,ben
 jumped out with his parcel under his   

arm4  ,stay1 stay6 you must take me with
 you1 said his pleased uncle2 ,i like to
 see people made happy as well as you   
do4  ,and so do ,i too6 said ,hal2 let  
me come with you4 ,i almost wish my     
uniform was not gone to the tailor's1 so
 ,i do4  ,and when he saw the look of   
delight and gratitude with which the    
poor boy received the clothes which ,ben
 gave him2 and when he heard the mother 
and children thank him1 ,hal sighed1 and
 said1 ,well1 ,i hope ,mamma will give  
me some more pocket-money soon4  ,upon  
his return home1 however1 the sight of  
the famous bow and arrow which ,lady    
,diana ,sweepstakes had sent him1       
recalled to his imagination all the joys
 of his green and white uniform2 and he 
no longer wished that it had not been   
sent to the tailor's4  ,but ,i don't    
understand1 cousin ,hal1 said little    
,patty1 why you call this bow a famous  
bow2 you say famous very often2 and ,i  
don't know exactly what it means--a     
famous uniform--famous doings--,i       

remember you said there are to be famous
 doings the first of ,september upon the
 ,downs--,what does famous mean8  ,oh1  
why famous means--,now don't you know   
what famous means8 ,it means--it is a   
word that people say--,it is the fashion
 to say it4 ,it means--it means famous4 
,patty laughed1 and said1 ,this does not
 explain it to me4  ,no1 said ,hal1 nor 
can it be explained3 if you don't       
understand it1 that's not my fault3     
everybody but little children1 ,i       
suppose1 understands it2 but there's no 
explaining those sorts of words1 if you 
don't take them at once4 ,there's to be 
famous doings upon the ,downs the first 
of ,september2 that is1 grand1 fine4 ,in
 short1 what does it signify talking any
 longer1 ,patty1 about the matter8 ,give
 me my bow2 for ,i must go upon the     
,downs1 and practise4  ,ben accompanied 
him with the bow and the three arrows   
which his uncle had now given to him2   
and every day these two boys went out   
upon the ,downs1 and practised shooting 

with indefatigable perseverance4 ,where 
equal pains are taken1 success is       
usually found to be pretty nearly equal4
 ,our two archers1 by constant practice1
 became expert marksmen2 and before the 
day of trial they were so exactly       
matched in point of dexterity1 that it  
was scarcely possible to decide which   
was superior4  ,the long-expected first 
of ,september at length arrived4  ,what 
sort of a day is it8 was the first      
question that was asked by ,hal and     
,ben1 the moment that they awakened4    
,the sun shone bright2 but there was a  
sharp and high wind4  ,ha6 said ,ben1 ,i
 shall be glad of my good great-coat    
to-day2 for ,i've a notion it will be   
rather cold upon the ,downs1 especially 
when we are standing still1 as we must1 
while all the people are shooting4  ,oh1
 never mind6 ,i don't think ,i shall    
feel it cold at all1 said ,hal1 as he   
dressed himself in his new white and    
green uniform3 and he viewed himself    
with much complacency4  ,good morning to

 you1 ,uncle2 how do you do8 said he1 in
 a voice of exultation1 when he entered 
the breakfast-room4  ,how do you do8    
seemed rather to mean1 ,how do you like 
me in my uniform8  ,and his uncle's     
cool1 ,very well1 ,i thank you1 ,hal1   
disappointed him1 as it seemed only to  
say1 ,your uniform makes no difference  
in my opinion of you4  ,even little     
,patty went on eating her breakfast much
 as usual1 and talked of the pleasure of
 walking with her father to the ,downs1 
and of all the little things which      
interested her2 so that ,hal's          
epaulettes were not the principal object
 in any one's imagination but his own4  
,papa1 said ,patty1 as we go up the hill
 where there is so much red mud1 ,i must
 take care to pick my way nicely2 and ,i
 must hold up my frock1 as you desired  
me2 and perhaps you will be so good1 if 
,i am not troublesome1 to lift me over  
the very bad place where there are no   
stepping-stones4 ,my ankle is entirely  
well1 and ,i'm glad of that1 or else ,i 

should not be able to walk so far as the
 ,downs4 ,how good you were to me1 ,ben1
 when ,i was in pain1 the day ,i        
sprained my ankle6 ,you played at       
jack-straws1 and at cat's-cradle with   
me4 ,oh1 that puts me in mind--,here are
 your gloves1 which ,i asked you that   
night to let me mend4 ,i've been a great
 while about them1 but are not they very
 neatly mended1 ,papa8 ,look at the     
sewing4  ,i am not a very good judge of 
sewing1 my dear little girl1 said ,mr4  
,gresham1 examining the work with a     
close and scrupulous eye2 but in my     
opinion1 here is one stitch that is     
rather too long2 the white teeth are not
 quite even4  ,o ,papa1 ,i'll take out  
that long tooth in a minute1 said ,patty
 laughing2 ,i did not think that you    
would have observed it so soon4  ,i     
would not have you trust to my          
blindness1 said her father1 stroking her
 head fondly3 ,i observe everything4 ,i 
observe1 for instance1 that you are a   
grateful little girl1 and that you are  

glad to be of use to those who have been
 kind to you2 and for this ,i forgive   
you the long stitch4  ,but it's out1    
it's out1 ,papa1 said ,patty2 and the   
next time your gloves want mending1     
,ben1 ,i'll mend them better4  ,they are
 very nice1 ,i think1 said ,ben1 drawing
 them on2 and ,i am much obliged to you4
 ,i was just wishing ,i had a pair of   
gloves to keep my fingers warm to-day1  
for ,i never can shoot well when my     
hands are numbed4 ,look1 ,hal--you know 
how ragged these gloves were2 you said  
they were good for nothing but to throw 
away2 now look1 there's not a hole in   
them1 said he1 spreading his fingers4   
,now1 is it not very extraordinary1 said
 ,hal to himself1 that they should go on
 so long talking about an old pair of   
gloves1 without scarcely saying a word  
about my new uniform8 ,well1 the young  
,sweepstakes and ,lady ,diana will talk 
enough about it2 that's one comfort4    
,is not it time to think of setting out1
 ,sir8 said ,hal to his uncle2 the      

company1 you know1 are to meet at the   
,ostrich at twelve1 and the race to     
begin at one1 and ,lady ,diana's horses1
 ,i know1 were ordered to be at the door
 at ten4  ,mr4 ,stephen1 the butler1    
here interrupted the hurrying young     
gentleman in his calculations4 ,there's 
a poor lad1 ,sir1 below1 with a great   
black patch on his right eye1 who is    
come from ,bristol1 and wants to speak a
 word with the young gentlemen1 if you  
please4 ,i told him they were just going
 out with you1 but he says he won't     
detain them above half a minute4  ,show 
him up1 show him up1 said ,mr4 ,gresham4
  ,but ,i suppose1 said ,hal1 with a    
sigh1 that ,stephen mistook1 when he    
said the young gentlemen2 he only wants 
to see ,ben1 ,i dare say2 ,i'm sure he  
has no reason to want to see me4  ,here 
he comes--,o ,ben1 he is dressed in the 
new coat you gave him1 whispered ,hal1  
who was really a good-natured boy1      
though extravagant4 ,how much better he 
looks than he did in the ragged coat6   

,ah6 he looked at you first1 ,ben2 and  
well he may6  ,the boy bowed without any
 cringing servility1 but with an open1  
decent freedom in his manner1 which     
expressed that he had been obliged1 but 
that he knew his young benefactor was   
not thinking of the obligation4 ,he made
 as little distinction as possible      
between his bows to the two cousins4    
,as ,i was sent with a message1 by the  
clerk of our parish1 to ,redland        
,chapel1 out on the ,downs1 to-day1     
,sir1 said he to ,mr4 ,gresham1 knowing 
your house lay in my way1 my mother1    
,sir1 bid me call1 and make bold to     
offer the young gentlemen two little    
worsted balls that she had worked for   
them1 continued the lad1 pulling out of 
his pocket two worsted balls worked in  
green and orange colored stripes3 they  
are but poor things1 ,sir1 she bid me   
say1 to look at2 but considering she had
 but one hand to work with1 and that her
 left hand1 you'll not despise 'em1 we  
hopes4  ,he held the balls to ,ben and  

,hal4 ,they are both alike1 gentlemen1  
said he2 if you'll be pleased to take   
'em1 they are better than they look1 for
 they bound higher than your head2 ,i   
cut the cork round for the inside       
myself1 which was all ,i could do4      
,they are nice balls1 indeed2 we are    
much obliged to you1 said the boys1 as  
they received them1 and they proved them
 immediately4 ,the balls struck the     
floor with a delightful sound1 and      
rebounded higher than ,mr4 ,gresham's   
head4 ,little ,patty clapped her hands  
joyfully2 but now a thundering double   
rap at the door was heard4  ,the ,master
 ,sweepstakes1 ,sir1 said ,stephen1 are 
come for ,master ,hal2 they say that all
 the young gentlemen who have archery   
uniforms are to walk together in a body1
 ,i think they say1 ,sir2 and they are  
to parade along the ,well-,walk1 they   
desired me to say1 ,sir1 with a drum and
 fife1 and so up the hill1 by ,prince's 
,place1 and all to go upon the ,downs   
together1 to the place of meeting4 ,i am

 not sure ,i'm right1 ,sir1 for both the
 young gentlemen spoke at once1 and the 
wind is very high at the street door1 so
 that ,i could not well make out all    
they said2 but ,i believe this is the   
sense of it4  ,yes1 yes1 said ,hal1     
eagerly1 it's all right2 ,i know that is
 just what was settled the day ,i dined 
at ,lady ,diana's2 and ,lady ,diana and 
a great party of gentlemen are to ride--
  ,well1 that is nothing to the purpose1
 interrupted ,mr4 ,gresham4 ,don't keep 
the ,master ,sweepstakes waiting2       
decide--do you choose to go with them1  
or with us8  ,sir--,uncle--,sir1 you    
know1 since all the uniforms agreed to  
go together--  ,off with you then1 ,mr4 
,uniform1 if you mean to go1 said ,mr4  
,gresham4  ,hal ran downstairs in such a
 hurry that he forgot his bow and       
arrows4 ,ben discovered this when he    
went to fetch his own2 and the lad from 
,bristol1 who had been ordered by ,mr4  
,gresham to eat his breakfast before he 
proceeded to ,redland ,chapel1 heard    

,ben talking about his cousin's bow and 
arrows4  ,i know1 said ,ben1 he will be 
sorry not to have his bow with him1     
because here are the green knots tied to
 it1 to match his cockade2 and he said  
that the boys were all to carry their   
bows as part of the show4  ,if you'll   
give me leave1 sir1 said the poor       
,bristol lad1 ,i shall have plenty of   
time2 and ,i'll run down to the         
,well-,walk after the young gentleman1  
and take him his bow and arrows4  ,will 
you8 ,i shall be much obliged to you1   
said ,ben2 and away went the boy with   
the bow that was ornamented with green  
ribands4  ,the public walk leading to   
the ,wells was full of company4 ,the    
windows of all the houses in ,st4       
,vincent's parade were crowded with     
well-dressed ladies1 who were looking   
out in expectation of the archery       
procession4 ,parties of gentlemen and   
ladies1 and a motley crowd of           
spectators1 were seen moving backwards  
and forwards under the rocks1 on the    

opposite side of the water4 ,a barge1   
with colored streamers flying1 was      
waiting to take up a party1 who were    
going upon the water4 ,the bargemen     
rested upon their oars1 and gazed with  
broad faces of curiosity on the busy    
scene that appeared upon the public     
walk4  ,the archers and archeresses were
 now drawn up on the flags under the    
semi-circular piazza just before ,mrs4  
,yearsley's library4 ,a little band of  
children1 who had been mustered by ,lady
 ,diana ,sweepstakes' spirited          
exertions1 closed the procession4 ,they 
were now all in readiness4 ,the drummer 
only waited for her ladyship's signal2  
and the archers' corps only waited for  
her ladyship's word of command to march4
  ,where are your bow and arrows1 my    
little man8 said her ladyship to ,hal1  
as she reviewed her ,lilliputian        
regiment4 ,you can't march1 man1 without
 your arms6  ,hal had dispatched a      
messenger for his forgotten bow1 but the
 messenger returned not2 he looked from 

side to side in great distress4 ,oh1    
there's my bow coming1 ,i declare6 cried
 he2 look1 ,i see the bow and the       
ribands2 look now1 between the trees1   
,charles ,sweepstakes1 on the ,hot-well 
,walk2 it is coming4  ,but you've kept  
us all waiting a confounded time1 said  
his impatient friend4  ,it is that      
good-natured poor fellow from ,bristol1 
,i protest1 that has brought it to me2  
,i'm sure ,i don't deserve it from him1 
said ,hal to himself1 when he saw the   
lad with the black patch on his eye     
running quite out of breath towards him 
with his bow and arrows4  ,fall back1 my
 good friend1 fall back1 said the       
military lady1 as soon as he had        
delivered the bow to ,hal3 ,i mean stand
 out of the way1 for your great patch   
cuts no figure amongst us4 ,don't follow
 so close1 now1 as if you belonged to   
us1 pray4  ,the poor boy had no ambition
 to partake the triumph2 he fell back as
 soon as he understood the meaning of   
the lady's words4 ,the drum beat1 the   

fife played1 the archers marched1 the   
spectators admired4 ,hal stepped        
proudly1 and felt as if the eyes of the 
whole universe were upon his epaulettes1
 or upon the facings of his uniform2    
whilst all the time he was considered   
only as part of a show4 ,the walk       
appeared much shorter than usual2 and he
 was extremely sorry that ,lady ,diana1 
when they were half way up the hill     
leading to ,prince's ,place1 mounted her
 horse1 because the road was dirty1 and 
all the gentlemen and ladies who        
accompanied her1 followed her example4  
,we can leave the children to walk1 you 
know1 said she to the gentleman who     
helped her to mount her horse4 ,i must  
call to some of them1 though1 and leave 
orders where they are to join4  ,she    
beckoned3 and ,hal1 who was foremost1   
and proud to show his alacrity1 ran on  
to receive her ladyship's orders4 ,now1 
as we have before observed1 it was a    
sharp and windy day2 and though ,lady   
,diana ,sweepstakes was actually        

speaking to him1 and looking at him1 he 
could not prevent his nose from wanting 
to be blown2 he pulled out his          
handkerchief1 and out rolled the new    
ball1 which had been given to him just  
before he left home1 and which1         
according to his usual careless habits1 
he had stuffed into his pocket in a     
hurry4 ,oh1 my new ball6 cried he1 as he
 ran after it4 ,as he stooped to pick it
 up1 he let go his hat1 which he had    
hitherto held on with anxious care2 for 
the hat1 though it had a fine green and 
white cockade1 had no band or string    
round it4 ,the string1 as we may        
recollect1 our wasteful hero had used in
 spinning his top4 ,the hat was too     
large for his head without this band2 a 
sudden gust of wind blew it off--,lady  
,diana's horse started and reared4 ,she 
was a famous horse-woman1 and sat him to
 the admiration of all beholders2 but   
there was a puddle of red clay and water
 in this spot1 and her ladyship's       
uniform-habit was a sufferer by the     

accident4  ,careless brat6 said she4    
,why can't he keep his hat upon his     
head8  ,in the meantime1 the wind blew  
the hat down the hill1 and ,hal ran     
after it1 amidst the laughter of his    
kind friends1 the young ,sweepstakes1   
and the rest of the little regiment4    
,the hat was lodged at length1 upon a   
bank4 ,hal pursued it3 he thought this  
bank was hard4 ,but1 alas6 the moment he
 set his foot upon it1 the foot sank4   
,he tried to draw it back1 his other    
foot slipped1 and he fell prostrate1 in 
his green and white uniform1 into the   
treacherous bed of red mud4 ,his        
companions1 who had halted upon the top 
of the hill1 stood laughing spectators  
of his misfortune4  ,it happened that   
the poor boy with the black patch upon  
his eye1 who had been ordered by ,lady  
,diana to fall back and to keep at a    
distance1 was now coming up the hill2   
and the moment he saw our fallen hero1  
he hastened to his assistance4 ,he      
dragged poor ,hal1 who was a deplorable 

spectacle1 out of the red mud2 the      
obliging mistress of a lodging-house1 as
 soon as she understood that the young  
gentleman was nephew to ,mr4 ,gresham1  
to whom she had formerly let her house1 
received ,hal1 covered as he was with   
dirt4  ,the poor ,bristol lad hastened  
to ,mr4 ,gresham's for clean stockings  
and shoes for ,hal4 ,he was unwilling to
 give up his uniform2 it was rubbed and 
rubbed1 and a spot here and there was   
washed out2 and he kept continually     
repeating1 ,when it's dry it will all   
brush off2 when it's dry it will all    
brush off1 won't it8 ,but soon the fear 
of being too late at the archery meeting
 began to balance the dread of appearing
 in his stained habiliments2 and he now 
as anxiously repeated1 while the woman  
held the wet coat to the fire1 ,oh1 ,i  
shall be too late2 indeed ,i shall be   
too late2 make haste2 it will never dry3
 hold it nearer--nearer to the fire4 ,i 
shall lose my turn to shoot4 ,oh1 give  
me the coat2 ,i don't mind how it is1 if

 ,i can but get it on4  ,holding it     
nearer and nearer to the fire dried it  
quickly1 to be sure1 but it shrank it   
also1 so that it was no easy matter to  
get the coat on again4  ,however1 ,hal1 
who did not see the red splashes1 which1
 in spite of all the operations1 were   
too visible upon his shoulders and upon 
the skirts of his white coat behind1 was
 pretty well satisfied to observe that  
there was not one spot upon the facings4
 ,nobody1 said he1 will take notice of  
my coat behind1 ,i dare say4 ,i think it
 looks as smart almost as ever6 and     
under this persuasion our young archer  
resumed his bow--his bow with green     
ribands now no more6 ,and he pursued his
 way to the ,downs4  ,all his companions
 were far out of sight4 ,i suppose1 said
 he to his friend with the black patch1 
,i suppose my uncle and ,ben had left   
home before you went for the shoes and  
stockings for me8  ,oh1 yes1 ,sir2 the  
butler said they had been gone to the   
,downs a matter of a good half hour or  

more4  ,hal trudged on as fast as he    
possibly could4 ,when he got on the     
,downs1 he saw numbers of carriages1 and
 crowds of people1 all going towards the
 place of meeting1 at the ,ostrich4 ,he 
pressed forwards2 he was at first so    
much afraid of being late1 that he did  
not take notice of the mirth his motley 
appearance excited in all beholders4 ,at
 length he reached the appointed spot4  
,there was a great crowd of people4 ,in 
the midst1 he heard ,lady ,diana's loud 
voice betting upon some one who was just
 going to shoot at the mark4  ,so then1 
the shooting is begun1 is it8 said ,hal4
 ,oh1 let me in2 pray let me into the   
circle6 ,i'm one of the archers--,i am1 
indeed2 don't you see my green and white
 uniform8  ,your red and white uniform1 
you mean1 said the man to whom he       
addressed himself3 and the people1 as   
they opened a passage for him1 could not
 refrain from laughing at the mixture of
 dirt and finery which it exhibited4 ,in
 vain1 when he got into the midst of the

 formidable circle1 he looked to his    
friends1 the young ,sweepstakes1 for    
their countenance and support3 they were
 amongst the most unmerciful of the     
laughers4 ,lady ,diana also seemed more 
to enjoy than to pity his confusion4    
,why could you not keep your hat upon   
your head1 man8 said she1 in her        
masculine tone4 ,you have been almost   
the ruin of my poor uniform-habit2 but  
,i've escaped rather better than you    
have4 ,don't stand there in the middle  
of the circle1 or you'll have an arrow  
in your eye presently1 ,i've a notion4  
,hal looked round in search of better   
friends4 ,oh1 where's my uncle8--where's
 ,ben1 said he4 ,he was in such         
confusion1 that1 amongst the number of  
faces1 he could scarcely distinguish one
 from another2 but he felt somebody at  
this moment pull his elbow1 and1 to his 
great relief1 he heard the friendly     
voice1 and saw the good-natured face1 of
 his cousin ,ben4  ,come back2 come     
behind these people1 said ,ben1 and put 

on my great-coat2 here it is for you4   
,right glad was ,hal to cover his       
disgraced uniform with the rough        
great-coat1 which he had formerly       
despised4 ,he pulled the stained1       
drooping cockade out of his unfortunate 
hat2 and he was now sufficiently        
recovered from his vexation to give an  
intelligible account of his accident to 
his uncle and ,patty1 who anxiously     
inquired what had detained him so long1 
and what had been the matter4 ,in the   
midst of the history of his disaster1 he
 was just proving to ,patty that his    
taking the hat-band to spin his top had 
nothing to do with his misfortune2 and  
he was at the same time endeavoring to  
refute his uncle's opinion1 that the    
waste of the whipcord that tied the     
parcel1 was the original cause of all   
his evils1 when he was summoned to try  
his skill with his famous bow4  ,my     
hands are numbed2 ,i can scarcely feel1 
said he1 rubbing them1 and blowing upon 
the ends of his fingers4  ,come1 come1  

cried young ,sweepstakes1 ,i'm within   
one inch of the mark2 who'll go nearer1 
,i should like to see4 ,shoot away1     
,hal2 but first1 understand our laws3 we
 settled them before you came on the    
green4 ,you are to have three shots1    
with your own bow and your own arrows2  
and nobody's to borrow or lend under    
pretence of other bows being better or  
worse1 or under any pretence4 ,do you   
hear1 ,hal8  ,this young gentleman had  
good reasons for being so strict in     
these laws1 as he had observed that none
 of his companions had such an excellent
 bow as he had provided for himself4    
,some of the boys had forgotten to bring
 more than one arrow with them1 and by  
his cunning regulation1 that each person
 should shoot with his own arrows1 many 
had lost one or two of their shots4     
,you are a lucky fellow2 you have your  
three arrows1 said young ,sweepstakes4  
,come1 we can't wait whilst you rub your
 fingers1 man--shoot away4  ,hal was    
rather surprised at the asperity with   

which his friend spoke4 ,he little knew 
how easily acquaintances1 who call      
themselves friends1 can change1 when    
their interest comes1 in the slightest  
degree1 in competition with their       
friendship4 ,hurried by his impatient   
rival1 and with his hand so much        
benumbed that he could scarcely feel how
 to fix the arrow in the string1 he drew
 the bow4 ,the arrow was within a       
quarter of an inch of ,master           
,sweepstakes' mark1 which was the       
nearest that had yet been hit4 ,hal     
seized his second arrow4 ,if ,i have any
 luck1 said he but just as he pronounced
 the word luck and as he bent his bow1  
the string broke in two1 and the bow    
fell from his hands4  ,there1 it's all  
over with you1 cried ,master            
,sweepstakes1 with a triumphant laugh4  
,here's my bow for him and welcome1 said
 ,ben4  ,no1 no1 ,sir2 that is not fair2
 that's against the regulation4 ,you may
 shoot with your own bow1 if you choose 
it1 or you may not1 just as you think   

proper but you must not lend it1 ,sir4  
,it was now ,ben's turn to make his     
trial4 ,his first arrow was not         
successful4 ,his second was exactly as  
near as ,hal's first4  ,you have but one
 more1 said ,master ,sweepstakes3 now   
for it6  ,ben1 before he ventured his   
last arrow prudently examined the string
 of his bow2 and as he pulled it to try 
its strength1 it cracked4  ,master      
,sweepstakes clapped his hands with loud
 exultations1 and insulting laughter4   
,but his laughter ceased when our       
provident hero calmly drew from his     
pocket an excellent piece of whipcord4  
,the everlasting whipcord1 ,i declare6  
exclaimed ,hal1 when he saw that it was 
the very same that had tied up the      
parcel4  ,yes1 said ,ben1 as he fastened
 it to his bow1 ,i put it into my pocket
 to-day1 on purpose1 because ,i thought 
,i might happen to want it4  ,he drew   
his bow the third and last time4  ,o    
,papa1 cried little ,patty1 as his arrow
 hit the mark1 it's the nearest1 is not 

it the nearest8  ,master ,sweepstakes1  
with anxiety1 examined the hit4 ,there  
could be no doubt4 ,ben was victorious6 
,the bow1 the prize bow1 was now        
delivered to him2 and ,hal1 as he looked
 at the whipcord1 exclaimed1 ,how lucky 
this whipcord has been to you1 ,ben6    
,it is lucky perhaps you mean1 that he  
took care of it1 said ,mr4 ,gresham4    
,ay1 said ,hal1 very true2 he might well
 say1 ',waste not1 want not'2 it is a   
good thing to have two strings to one's 
bow4    #chb          ,only a few of    
those who have written                  
immediately for children have produced  
work         distinguished by the same  
high artistic         qualities found in
 the work of writers for         readers
 of mature minds4 ,of these few one is  
,mrs4 ,juliana ,horatia ,ewing          
7#ahda-ahhe74 ,edmund         ,gosse has
 said that of the numerous ,english     
authors who have written successfully on
 or for         children only two have  
shown a clear         recollection of   

the mind of healthy childhood           
itself4 4 4 4 ,mrs4 ,ewing in prose and 
,mr4         ,stevenson in verse have   
sat down with them         without      
disturbing their fancies1 and have      
looked into the world of 'make-believe' 
with         the children's own eyes4   
,they might lead1 he         thinks1 a  
long romp in the attic when nurse       
was out shopping1 and not a child in the
 house         should know that a       
grown-up person had been         there4 
,this is very high praise indeed and it 
suggests the reason for the immense     
popularity         of ,jackanapes1 ,the 
,story of a ,short ,life1         ,daddy
 ,darwin's ,dovecot1                    
,lob-,lie-by-the-,fire1 ,mrs4           
,overtheway's         ,remembrances1 and
 many another of the stories            
that delighted young readers when they  
first         appeared in the pages of  
,aunt ,judy's         ,magazine4 ,the   
preeminence of ,jackanapes         among
 these many splendid stories may at     

least         partly be accounted for by
 the fact that it         grew out of   
the heat of a great conviction          
about life4 ,early in #ahgi the news    
reached         ,england of the death of
 the ,prince ,imperial of               
,france1 who fell while serving with the
 ,english         forces in ,south      
,africa during the war with the         
,zulus4 ,perhaps the present-day reader 
needs to         be reminded that the   
,prince ,imperial was the         only  
son of the ex-,empress ,eugenie1 who1   
with         her husband ,napoleon ,,iii
 had taken refuge in         ,england   
after the loss of the ,french throne at 
the close of the ,franco-,prussian ,war 
in #ahga4         ,napoleon's death     
shortly after made the young            
prince a central figure in all          
considerations         of the possible  
recouping of the fortunes of         the
 ,napoleonic dynasty4 ,full of the      
spirit of         adventure and courage1
 he had joined the         ,english     

forces to learn something of the        
soldier's profession4 ,unexpectedly     
ambushed1         the prince was killed 
while the young officer         who had 
been assigned to look after him escaped 
unhurt4 ,there immediately ensued a wide
         discussion of the action of    
this young officer         in saving    
himself and1 apparently1 leaving the    
,prince to his fate4 ,now1 ,mrs4 ,ewing 
was a         soldier's wife and        
believed in the standard of             
honor which would naturally be reflected
 in         military circles on such an 
incident4 ,but         hearing the rule 
of each man for himself so         often
 emphasized in other circles1 she was   
moved to write the protest against such 
a view         which forms the central  
motive in ,jackanapes4         ,there is
 no argument1 however1 no undue         
moralizing4 ,with the finest art she    
embodies         that central doctrine  
in a great faith that the         saving
 of a man's life lies in his readiness  

to         lose it4 ,it was ,satan who  
said1 ,skin for skin1         yea1 all  
that a man hath will he give for his    
life4 ,the pathos in the story is       
naturally         inherent in the       
situation and is never                  
emphasized for its own sake4 ,mrs4      
,ewing was         always a thoroughly  
conscientious artist4 ,she              
believed that the laws of artistic      
composition         laid down by ,ruskin
 in his ,elements of         ,drawing   
applied with equal force to             
literature4 ,for example1 says her      
brother in         an article on her    
methods1 in the story of                
',jackanapes' the law of ,principality  
is very         clearly demonstrated4   
,jackanapes is the one         important
 figure4 ,the doting aunt1 the          
weak-kneed but faithful ,tony ,johnson1 
the         irascible general1 the      
punctilious postman1 the         loyal  
boy-trumpeter1 the silent major1 and the
         ever-dear1 faithful1 loving    

,lollo1--all and         each of them   
conspire with one consent to            
reflect forth the glory and beauty of   
the         noble1 generous1 recklessly 
brave1 and gently         tender spirit 
of the hero ',jackanapes4' ,as to       
the laws of repetition and contrast3    
,again and         again is the village 
green introduced to the                 
imagination4 ,it is a picture of eternal
 peace         and quietness1 amid the  
tragedies of our         ever-changing  
life which are enacted around           
it4   ,,jackanapes  ,,juliana ,,horatia 
,,ewing   ,,chapter ,i          ,last   
noon beheld them full of lusty life1    
,last eve in ,beauty's circle proudly   
gay1         ,the midnight brought the  
signal sound of strife1         ,the    
morn the marshaling in arms--the day    
,battle's magnificently stern array6    
,the thunder-clouds close o'er it1 which
 when rent         ,the earth is covered
 thick with other clay1         ,which  
her own clay shall cover1 heaped and    

pent1         ,rider and horse1--friend1
 foe1--in one red burial blent4         
,their praise is hymn'd by loftier harps
 than mine3         ,yet one would ,i   
select from that proud throng4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,to thee1 to thousands1 of whom each    
,and one and all a ghastly gap did make 
,in his own kind and kindred1 whom to   
teach         ,forgetfulness were mercy 
for their sake2         ,the            
,archangel's trump1 not glory's1 must   
awake         ,those whom they thirst   
for4                                    
--,,byron  ,two ,donkeys and the ,geese 
lived on the ,green1 and all other      
residents of any social standing lived  
in houses round it4 ,the houses had no  
names4 ,everybody's address was ,the    
,green1 but the ,postman and the people 
of the place knew where each family     
lived4 ,as to the rest of the world1    
what has one to do with the rest of the 
world when he is safe at home on his own
 ,goose ,green8 ,moreover1 if a stranger

 did come on any lawful business1 he    
might ask his way at the shop4 ,most of 
the inhabitants were long-lived1 early  
deaths 7like that of the little ,miss   
,jessamine7 being exceptional2 and most 
of the old people were proud of their   
age1 especially the sexton1 who would be
 ninety-nine come ,martinmas1 and whose 
father remembered a man who had carried 
arrows1 as a boy1 for the battle of     
,flodden ,field4 ,the ,gray ,goose and  
the big ,miss ,jessamine were the only  
elderly persons who kept their ages     
secret4 ,indeed1 ,miss ,jessamine never 
mentioned any one's age1 or recalled the
 exact year in which anything had       
happened4 ,she said that she had been   
taught that it was bad manners to do so 
in a mixed assembly4 ,the ,gray ,goose  
also avoided dates2 but this was partly 
because her brain1 though intelligent1  
was not mathematical1 and computation   
was beyond her4 ,she never got farther  
than last ,michaelmas1 the ,michaelmas  
before that1 and the ,michaelmas before 

the ,michaelmas before that4 ,after this
 her head1 which was small1 became      
confused1 and she said1 ,ga1 ga6 and    
changed the subject4  ,but she          
remembered the little ,miss ,jessamine1 
the ,miss ,jessamine with the           
conspicuous hair4 ,her aunt1 the big    
,miss ,jessamine1 said it was her only  
fault4 ,the hair was clean1 was         
abundant1 was glossy2 but do what you   
would with it1 it never looked quite    
like other people's4 ,and at church1    
after ,saturday night's wash1 it shone  
like the best brass fender after a      
spring cleaning4 ,in short1 it was      
conspicuous1 which does not become a    
young woman1 especially in church4      
,those were worrying times altogether1  
and the ,green was used for strange     
purposes4 ,a political meeting was held 
on it with the village ,cobbler in the  
chair1 and a speaker who came by        
stage-coach from the town1 where they   
had wrecked the bakers' shops1 and      
discussed the price of bread4 ,he came a

 second time by stage2 but the people   
had heard something about him in the    
meanwhile1 and they did not keep him on 
the ,green4 ,they took him to the pond  
and tried to make him swim1 which he    
could not do1 and the whole affair was  
very disturbing to all quiet and        
peaceable fowls4 ,after which another   
man came1 and preached sermons on the   
,green1 and a great many people went to 
hear him2 for those were trying times1  
and folk ran hither and thither for     
comfort4 ,and then what did they do but 
drill the ploughboys on the ,green1 to  
get them ready to fight the ,french1 and
 teach them the goose-step6 ,however1   
that came to an end at last2 for ,bony  
was sent to ,st4 ,helena1 and the       
ploughboys were sent back to the plough4
  ,everybody lived in fear of ,bony in  
those days1 especially the naughty      
children1 who were kept in order during 
the day by threats of ,bony shall have  
you1 and who had nightmares about him in
 the dark4 ,they thought he was an ,ogre

 in a cocked hat4 ,the ,gray ,goose     
thought he was a ,fox1 and that all the 
men of ,england were going out in red   
coats to hunt him4 ,it was no use to    
argue the point2 for she had a very     
small head1 and when one idea got into  
it there was no room for another4       
,besides1 the ,gray ,goose never saw    
,bony1 nor did the children1 which      
rather spoilt the terror of him1 so that
 the ,black ,captain became more        
effective as a ,bogy with hardened      
offenders4 ,the ,gray ,goose remembered 
his coming to the place perfectly4 ,what
 he came for she did not pretend to     
know4 ,it was all part and parcel of the
 war and bad times4 ,he was called the  
,black ,captain1 partly because of      
himself and partly because of his       
wonderful black mare4 ,strange stories  
were afloat of how far and how fast that
 mare could go when her master's hand   
was on her mane and he whispered in her 
ear4 ,indeed1 some people thought we    
might reckon ourselves very lucky if we 

were not out of the frying-pan into the 
fire1 and had not got a certain         
well-known ,gentleman of the ,road to   
protect us against the ,french4 ,but    
that1 of course1 made him none the less 
useful to the ,johnsons' ,nurse when the
 little ,miss ,johnsons were naughty4   
,you leave off crying this minnit1 ,miss
 ,jane1 or ,i'll give you right away to 
that horrid wicked officer4 ,jemima6    
just look out o' the windy1 if you      
please1 and see if the ,black ,cap'n's  
a-coming with his horse to carry away   
,miss ,jane4  ,and there1 sure enough1  
the ,black ,captain strode by1 with his 
sword clattering as if it did not know  
whose head to cut off first4 ,but he did
 not call for ,miss ,jane that time4 ,he
 went on to the ,green1 where he came so
 suddenly upon the eldest ,master       
,johnson1 sitting in a puddle on        
purpose1 in his new nankeen skeleton    
suit1 that the young gentleman thought  
judgment had overtaken him at last1 and 
abandoned himself to the howlings of    

despair4 ,his howls were redoubled when 
he was clutched from behind and swung   
over the ,black ,captain's shoulder2 but
 in five minutes his tears were         
stanched1 and he was playing with the   
officer's accoutrements4 ,all of which  
the ,gray ,goose saw with her own eyes1 
and heard afterwards that that bad boy  
had been whining to go back to the      
,black ,captain ever since1 which showed
 how hardened he was1 and that nobody   
but ,bonaparte himself could be expected
 to do him any good4  ,but those were   
trying times4 ,it was bad enough when   
the pickle of a large and respectable   
family cried for the ,black ,captain2   
when it came to the little ,miss        
,jessamine crying for him1 one felt that
 the sooner the ,french landed and had  
done with it1 the better4  ,the big     
,miss ,jessamine's objection to him was 
that he was a soldier2 and this         
prejudice was shared by all the ,green4 
,a soldier1 as the speaker from the town
 had observed1 is a bloodthirsty1       

unsettled sort of a rascal1 that the    
peaceable1 home-loving1 bread-winning   
citizen can never conscientiously look  
on as a brother till he has beaten his  
sword into a ploughshare and his spear  
into a pruning-hook4  ,on the other     
hand1 there was some truth in what the  
,postman 7an old soldier7 said in       
reply1--that the sword has to cut a way 
for us out of many a scrape into which  
our bread-winners get us when they drive
 their ploughshares into fallows that   
don't belong to them4 ,indeed1 whilst   
our most peaceful citizens were         
prosperous chiefly by means of cotton1  
of sugar1 and of the rise and fall of   
the money-market 7not to speak of such  
salable matters as opium1 firearms1 and 
black ivory71 disturbances were apt to  
arise in ,india1 ,africa1 and other     
outlandish parts1 where the fathers of  
our domestic race were making fortunes  
for their families4 ,and for that       
matter1 even on the ,green1 we did not  
wish the military to leave us in the    

lurch1 so long as there was any fear    
that the ,french were coming4#c  ,to let
 the ,black ,captain have little ,miss  
,jessamine1 however1 was another matter4
 ,her aunt would not hear of it2 and    
then1 to crown all1 it appeared that the
 ,captain's father did not think the    
young lady good enough for his son4     
,never was any affair more clearly      
brought to a conclusion4  ,but those    
were trying times2 and one moonlight    
night1 when the ,gray ,goose was sound  
asleep upon one leg1 the ,green was     
rudely shaken under her by the thud of a
 horse's feet4 ,ga1 ga6 said she1       
putting down the other leg and running  
away4  ,by the time she returned to her 
place not a thing was to be seen or     
heard4 ,the horse had passed like a     
shot4 ,but next day there was hurrying  
and scurrying and cackling at a very    
early hour1 all about the white house   
with the black beams1 where ,miss       
,jessamine lived4 ,and when the sun was 
so low and the shadows so long on the   

grass that the ,gray ,goose felt ready  
to run away at the sight of her own     
neck1 little ,miss ,jane ,johnson and   
her particular friend ,clarinda sat     
under the big oak tree on the ,green1   
and ,jane pinched ,clarinda's little    
finger till she found that she could    
keep a secret1 and then she told her in 
confidence that she had heard from      
,nurse and ,jemima that ,miss           
,jessamine's niece had been a very      
naughty girl1 and that that horrid      
wicked officer had come for her on his  
black horse and carried her right away4 
,will she never come back8 asked        
,clarinda4  ,oh1 no6 said ,jane1        
decidedly4 ,bony never brings people    
back4  ,not never no more8 sobbed       
,clarinda1 for she was weak-minded1 and 
could not bear to think that ,bony      
never1 never let naughty people go home 
again4  ,next day ,jane had heard more4 
,he has taken her to a ,green4  ,a      
,goose ,green8 asked ,clarinda4  ,no4 ,a
 ,gretna ,green4 ,don't ask so many     

questions1 child1 said ,jane1 who1      
having no more to tell1 gave herself    
airs4  ,jane was wrong on one point4    
,miss ,jessamine's niece did come back1 
and she and her husband were forgiven4  
,the ,gray ,goose remembered it well2 it
 was ,michaelmas-tide1 the ,michaelmas  
before the ,michaelmas before the       
,michaelmas--but1 ga1 ga6 ,what does the
 date matter8 ,it was autumn1           
harvest-time1 and everybody was so busy 
prophesying and praying about the crops1
 that the young couple wandered through 
the lanes1 and got blackberries for     
,miss ,jessamine's celebrated crab and  
blackberry jam1 and made guys of        
themselves with bryony wreaths1 and not 
a soul troubled his head about them1    
except the children and the ,postman4   
,the children dogged the ,black         
,captain's footsteps 7his bubble        
reputation as an ,ogre having burst7    
clamoring for a ride on the black mare4 
,and the ,postman would go somewhat out 
of his postal way to catch the          

,captain's dark eye1 and show that he   
had not forgotten how to salute an      
officer4  ,but they were trying times4  
,one afternoon the black mare was       
stepping gently up and down the grass1  
with her head at her master's shoulder1 
and as many children crowded on to her  
silky back as if she had been an        
elephant in a menagerie2 and the next   
afternoon she carried him away1 sword   
and sabre-tache clattering war music at 
her side1 and the old ,postman waiting  
for them1 rigid with salutation1 at the 
four cross-roads4  ,war and bad times6  
,it was a hard winter2 and the big ,miss
 ,jessamine and the little ,miss        
,jessamine 7but she was ,mrs4           
,black-,captain now7 lived very         
economically1 that they might help their
 poorer neighbors4 ,they neither        
entertained nor went into company2 but  
the young lady always went up the       
village as far as the ,george and       
,dragon1 for air and exercise when the  
,london ,mail#d came in4  ,one day 7it  

was a day in the following ,june7 it    
came in earlier than usual1 and the     
young lady was not there to meet it4    
,but a crowd soon gathered round the    
,george and ,dragon1 gaping to see the  
,mail ,coach dressed with flowers and   
oak-leaves1 and the guard wearing a     
laurel wreath over and above his royal  
livery4 ,the ribbons that decked the    
horses were stained and flecked with the
 warmth and foam of the pace at which   
they had come1 for they had pressed on  
with the news of ,victory4  ,miss       
,jessamine was sitting with her niece   
under the oak tree on the ,green1 when  
the ,postman put a newspaper silently   
into her hand4 ,her niece turned        
quickly1--  ,is there news8  ,don't     
agitate yourself1 my dear1 said her     
aunt4 ,i will read it aloud1 and then we
 can enjoy it together2 a far more      
comfortable method1 my love1 than when  
you go up the village1 and come home out
 of breath1 having snatched half the    
news as you run4  ,i am all attention1  

dear aunt1 said the little lady1        
clasping her hands tightly on her lap4  
,then ,miss ,jessamine read aloud1--she 
was proud of her reading1--and the old  
soldier stood at attention behind her1  
with such a blending of pride and pity  
on his face as it was strange to see3-- 
,downing ,street          ,june #bb1    
#ahae1 #a ,a4 ,m4  ,that's one in the   
morning1 gasped the ,postman2 beg your  
pardon1 mum4  ,but though he apologized1
 he could not refrain from echoing here 
and there a weighty word3 ,glorious     
victory1--,two hundred pieces of        
artillery1--,immense quantity of        
ammunition1--and so forth4          ,the
 loss of the ,british ,army upon this   
occasion has unfortunately been most    
severe4 ,it         had not been        
possible to make out a return of        
the killed and wounded when ,major      
,percy left         headquarters4 ,the  
names of the officers killed         and
 wounded1 as far as they can be         
collected1         are annexed4         

,i have the honor--  ,the list1 aunt6   
,read the list6  ,my love--my           
darling--let us go in and--  ,no4 ,now6 
now6  ,to one thing the supremely       
afflicted are entitled in their         
sorrow1--to be obeyed2 and yet it is the
 last kindness that people commonly will
 do them4 ,but ,miss ,jessamine did4    
,steadying her voice1 as best she might1
 she read on2 and the old soldier stood 
bareheaded to hear that first ,roll of  
the ,dead at ,waterloo1 which began with
 the ,duke of ,brunswick and ended with 
,ensign ,brown4#e ,five-and-thirty      
,british ,captains fell asleep that day 
on the ,bed of ,honor1 and the ,black   
,captain slept among them4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,there   
are killed and wounded by war of whom no
 returns reach ,downing ,street4  ,three
 days later1 the ,captain's wife had    
joined him1 and ,miss ,jessamine was    
kneeling by the cradle of their orphan  
son1 a purple-red morsel of humanity    
with conspicuously golden hair4  ,will  

he live1 ,doctor8  ,live8 ,god bless my 
soul1 ma'am4 ,look at him6 ,the young   
,jackanapes6   ,,chapter ,,ii           
,and he wandered away and away          
,with ,nature1 the dear old ,nurse4     
--,,longfellow  ,the ,gray ,goose       
remembered quite well the year that     
,jackanapes began to walk1 for it was   
the year that the speckled hen for the  
first time in all her motherly life got 
out of patience when she was sitting4   
,she had been rather proud of the       
eggs1--they were unusually large1--but  
she never felt quite comfortable on     
them1 and whether it was because she    
used to get cramp and go off the nest1  
or because the season was bad1 or what1 
she never could tell2 but every egg was 
addled but one1 and the one that did    
hatch gave her more trouble than any    
chick she had ever reared4  ,it was a   
fine1 downy1 bright yellow little thing1
 but it had a monstrous big nose and    
feet1 and such an ungainly walk as she  
knew no other instance of in her        

well-bred and high-stepping family4 ,and
 as to behavior1 it was not that it was 
either quarrelsome or moping1 but simply
 unlike the rest4 ,when the other chicks
 hopped and cheeped on the ,green about 
their mother's feet1 this solitary      
yellow brat went waddling off on its own
 responsibility1 and do or cluck what   
the speckled hen would1 it went to play 
in the pond4  ,it was off one day as    
usual1 and the hen was fussing and      
fuming after it1 when the ,postman1     
going to deliver a letter at ,miss      
,jessamine's door1 was nearly knocked   
over by the good lady herself1 who1     
bursting out of the house with her cap  
just off and her bonnet just not on1    
fell into his arms1 crying1--  ,baby6   
,baby6 ,jackanapes6 ,jackanapes6  ,if   
the ,postman loved anything on earth1 he
 loved the ,captain's yellow-haired     
child2 so1 propping ,miss ,jessamine    
against her own door-post1 he followed  
the direction of her trembling fingers  
and made for the ,green4  ,jackanapes   

had had the start of the ,postman by    
nearly ten minutes4 ,the world--the     
round green world with an oak tree on   
it--was just becoming very interesting  
to him4 ,he had tried1 vigorously but   
ineffectually1 to mount a passing pig   
the last time he was taken out walking2 
but then he was encumbered with a nurse4
 ,now he was his own master1 and might1 
by courage and energy1 become the master
 of that delightful downy1 dumpy1 yellow
 thing that was bobbing along over the  
green grass in front of him4 ,forward6  
,charge6 ,he aimed well1 and grabbed it1
 but only to feel the delicious         
downiness and dumpiness slipping through
 his fingers as he fell upon his face4  
,quawk6 said the yellow thing1 and      
wabbled off sideways4 ,it was this      
oblique movement that enabled           
,jackanapes to come up with it1 for it  
was bound for the ,pond1 and therefore  
obliged to come back into line4 ,he     
failed again from top-heaviness1 and his
 prey escaped sideways as before1 and1  

as before1 lost ground in getting back  
to the direct road to the ,pond4  ,and  
at the ,pond the ,postman found them    
both1--one yellow thing rocking safely  
on the ripples that lie beyond duckweed1
 and the other washing his draggled     
frock with tears because he too had     
tried to sit upon the ,pond and it      
wouldn't hold him4   ,,chapter ,,iii    
,if studious1 copie fair what time hath 
blurred1         ,redeem truth from his 
jawes3 if souldier1         ,chase brave
 employments with a naked sword         
,throughout the world4 ,fool not2 for   
all may have1         ,if they dare try1
 a glorious life1 or grave4         99  
99       99       99       99           
,in brief1 acquit thee bravely2 play the
 man4         ,look not on pleasures as 
they come1 but go4         ,defer not   
the least vertue3 life's poore span     
,make not an ell1 by trifling in thy    
woe4         ,if thou do ill1 the joy   
fades1 not the pains4         ,if well3 
the pain doth fade1 the joy remains4    

--,,george ,,herbert  ,young ,mrs4      
,johnson1 who was a mother of many1     
hardly knew which to pity more1--,miss  
,jessamine for having her little ways   
and her antimacassars rumpled by a young
 ,jackanapes1 or the boy himself for    
being brought up by an old maid4  ,oddly
 enough1 she would probably have pitied 
neither1 had ,jackanapes been a girl4   
7,one is so apt to think that what works
 smoothest1 works to the highest ends1  
having no patience for the results of   
friction47 ,that father in ,god who bade
 the young men to be pure and the       
maidens brave1 greatly disturbed a      
member of his congregation1 who thought 
that the great preacher had made a slip 
of the tongue4  ,that the girls should  
have purity1 and the boys courage1 is   
what you would say1 good father8        
,nature has done that1 was the reply2 ,i
 meant what ,i said4  ,in good sooth1 a 
young maid is all the better for        
learning some robuster virtues than     
maidenliness and not to move the        

antimacassars2 and the robuster virtues 
require some fresh air and freedom4 ,as1
 on the other hand1 ,jackanapes 7who had
 a boy's full share of the little beast 
and the young monkey in his natural     
composition7 was none the worse1 at his 
tender years1 for learning some         
maidenliness1--so far as maidenliness   
means decency1 pity1 unselfishness1 and 
pretty behavior4  ,and it is due to him 
to say that he was an obedient boy1 and 
a boy whose word could be depended on1  
long before his grandfather the ,general
 came to live at the ,green4  ,he was   
obedient2 that is1 he did what his      
great-aunt told him4 ,but--oh1 dear6 oh1
 dear6--the pranks he played1 which it  
had never entered into her head to      
forbid6  ,it was when he had just been  
put into skeletons 7frocks never suited 
him7 that he became very friendly with  
,master ,tony ,johnson1 a younger       
brother of the young gentleman who sat  
in the puddle on purpose4 ,tony was not 
enterprising1 and ,jackanapes led him by

 the nose4 ,one summer's evening they   
were out late1 and ,miss ,jessamine was 
becoming anxious1 when ,jackanapes      
presented himself with a ghastly face   
all besmirched with tears4 ,he was      
unusually subdued4  ,i'm afraid1 he     
sobbed1--if you please1 ,i'm very much  
afraid that ,tony ,johnson's dying in   
the churchyard4  ,miss ,jessamine was   
just beginning to be distracted1 when   
she smelt ,jackanapes4  ,you naughty1   
naughty boys6 ,do you mean to tell me   
that you've been smoking8  ,not pipes1  
urged ,jackanapes2 upon my honor1 aunty1
 not pipes4 ,only cigars like ,mr4      
,johnson's6 and only made of brown paper
 with a very1 very little tobacco from  
the shop inside them4  ,whereupon ,miss 
,jessamine sent a servant to the        
churchyard1 who found ,tony ,johnson    
lying on a tombstone1 very sick1 and    
having ceased to entertain any hopes of 
his own recovery4  ,if it could be      
possible that any unpleasantness could  
arise between two such amiable neighbors

 as ,miss ,jessamine and ,mrs4 ,johnson1
 and if the still more incredible       
paradox can be that ladies may differ   
over a point on which they are agreed1  
that point was the admitted fact that   
,tony ,johnson was delicate2 and the    
difference lay chiefly in this3 ,mrs4   
,johnson said that ,tony was            
delicate1--meaning that he was more     
finely strung1 more sensitive1 a        
properer subject for pampering and      
petting1 than ,jackanapes1 and that1    
consequently1 ,jackanapes was to blame  
for leading ,tony into scrapes which    
resulted in his being chilled1          
frightened1 or 7most frequently7 sick4  
,but when ,miss ,jessamine said that    
,tony ,johnson was delicate1 she meant  
that he was more puling1 less manly1 and
 less healthily brought up than         
,jackanapes1 who1 when they got into    
mischief together1 was certainly not to 
blame because his friend could not get  
wet1 sit a kicking donkey1 ride in the  
giddy-go-round1 bear the noise of a     

cracker1 or smoke brown paper with      
impunity1 as he could4  ,not that there 
was ever the slightest quarrel between  
the ladies4 ,it never even came near it1
 except the day after ,tony had been so 
very sick with riding ,bucephalus on the
 giddy-go-round4 ,mrs4 ,johnson had     
explained to ,miss ,jessamine that the  
reason ,tony was so easily upset was the
 unusual sensitiveness 7as a doctor had 
explained it to her7 of the nervous     
centers in her family--,fiddlestick6 ,so
 ,mrs4 ,johnson understood ,miss        
,jessamine to say2 but it appeared that 
she only said ,treaclestick6 which is   
quite another thing1 and of which ,tony 
was undoubtedly fond4  ,it was at the   
,fair that ,tony was made ill by riding 
on ,bucephalus4 ,once a year the ,goose 
,green became the scene of a carnival4  
,first of all1 carts and caravans were  
rumbling up all along1 day and night4   
,jackanapes could hear them as he lay in
 bed1 and could hardly sleep for        
speculating what booths and whirligigs  

he should find fairly established when  
he and his dog ,spitfire went out after 
breakfast4 ,as a matter of fact1 he     
seldom had to wait so long for news of  
the ,fair4 ,the ,postman knew the window
 out of which ,jackanapes's yellow head 
would come1 and was ready with his      
report4  ,royal ,theayter1 ,master      
,jackanapes1 in the old place1 but be   
careful o' them seats1 sir2 they're     
rickettier than ever4 ,two sweets and a 
ginger beer under the ,oak tree1 and the
 ,flying ,boats is just a-coming along  
the road4  ,no doubt it was partly      
because he had already suffered severely
 in the ,flying ,boats that ,tony       
collapsed so quickly in the             
giddy-go-round4 ,he only mounted        
,bucephalus 7who was spotted1 and had no
 tail7 because ,jackanapes urged him1   
and held out the ingenious hope that the
 round-and-round feeling would very     
likely cure the up-and-down sensation4  
,it did not1 however1 and ,tony tumbled 
off during the first revolution4        

,jackanapes was not absolutely free from
 qualms2 but having once mounted the    
,black ,prince1 he stuck to him as a    
horseman should4 ,during the first round
 he waved his hat1 and observed with    
some concern that the ,black ,prince had
 lost an ear since last ,fair2 at the   
second1 he looked a little pale1 but sat
 upright1 though somewhat unnecessarily 
rigid2 at the third round he shut his   
eyes4 ,during the fourth his hat fell   
off1 and he clasped his horse's neck4   
,by the fifth he had laid his yellow    
head against the ,black ,prince's mane1 
and so clung anyhow till the            
hobby-horses stopped1 when the          
proprietor assisted him to alight1 and  
he sat down rather suddenly and said he 
had enjoyed it very much4  ,the ,gray   
,goose always ran away at the first     
approach of the caravans1 and never came
 back to the ,green till there was      
nothing left of the ,fair but footmarks 
and oyster-shells4 ,running away was her
 pet principle2 the only system1 she    

maintained1 by which you can live long  
and easily and lose nothing4 ,if you run
 away when you see danger1 you can come 
back when all is safe4 ,run quickly1    
return slowly1 hold your head high1 and 
gabble as loud as you can1 and you'll   
preserve the respect of the ,goose      
,green to a peaceful old age4 ,why      
should you struggle and get hurt1 if you
 can lower your head and swerve1 and not
 lose a feather86 ,why in the world     
should any one spoil the pleasure of    
life1 or risk his skin1 if he can help  
it8          ',what's the use8'         
,said the ,goose4  ,before answering    
which one might have to consider what   
world1 which life1 and whether his skin 
were a goose-skin2 but the ,gray        
,goose's head would never have held all 
that4  ,grass soon grows over           
footprints1 and the village children    
took the oyster-shells to trim their    
gardens with2 but the year after ,tony  
rode ,bucephalus there lingered another 
relic of ,fair-time in which ,jackanapes

 was deeply interested4 ,the ,green     
proper was originally only part of a    
straggling common1 which in its turn    
merged into some wilder waste land where
 gypsies sometimes squatted if the      
authorities would allow them1 especially
 after the annual ,fair4 ,and it was    
after the ,fair that ,jackanapes1 out   
rambling by himself1 was knocked over by
 the ,gypsy's son riding the ,gypsy's   
red-haired pony at breakneck pace across
 the common4  ,jackanapes got up and    
shook himself1 none the worse except for
 being heels over head in love with the 
red-haired pony4 ,what a rate he went   
at6 ,how he spurned the ground with his 
nimble feet6 ,how his red coat shone in 
the sunshine6 ,and what bright eyes     
peeped out of his dark forelock as it   
was blown by the wind6  ,the ,gypsy boy 
had had a fright1 and he was willing    
enough to reward ,jackanapes for not    
having been hurt1 by consenting to let  
him have a ride4  ,do you mean to kill  
the little fine gentleman1 and swing us 

all on the gibbet1 you rascal8 screamed 
the ,gypsy mother1 who came up just as  
,jackanapes and the pony set off4  ,he  
would get on1 replied her son4 ,it'll   
not kill him4 ,he'll fall on his yellow 
head1 and it's as tough as a cocoanut4  
,but ,jackanapes did not fall4 ,he stuck
 to the red-haired pony as he had stuck 
to the hobby-horse2 but1 oh1 how        
different the delight of this wild      
gallop with flesh and blood6 ,just as   
his legs were beginning to feel as if he
 did not feel them1 the ,gypsy boy      
cried1 ,lollo6 ,round went the pony so  
unceremoniously that with as little     
ceremony ,jackanapes clung to his neck2 
and he did not properly recover himself 
before ,lollo stopped with a jerk at the
 place where they had started4  ,is his 
name ,lollo8 asked ,jackanapes1 his hand
 lingering in the wiry mane4  ,yes4     
,what does ,lollo mean8  ,red4  ,is     
,lollo your pony8  ,no4 ,my father's4   
,and the ,gypsy boy led ,lollo away4    
,at the first opportunity ,jackanapes   

stole away again to the common4 ,this   
time he saw the ,gypsy father1 smoking a
 dirty pipe4  ,lollo is your pony1 isn't
 he8 said ,jackanapes4  ,yes4  ,he's a  
very nice one4  ,he's a racer4  ,you    
don't want to sell him1 do you8         
,fifteen pounds1 said the ,gypsy father2
 and ,jackanapes sighed and went home   
again4 ,that very afternoon he and ,tony
 rode the two donkeys2 and ,tony managed
 to get thrown1 and even ,jackanapes's  
donkey kicked4 ,but it was jolting1     
clumsy work after the elastic swiftness 
and the dainty mischief of the          
red-haired pony4  ,a few days later1    
,miss ,jessamine spoke very seriously to
 ,jackanapes4 ,she was a good deal      
agitated as she told him that his       
grandfather the ,general was coming to  
the ,green1 and that he must be on his  
very best behavior during the visit4 ,if
 it had been feasible to leave off      
calling him ,jackanapes and to get used 
to his baptismal name of ,theodore      
before the day after to-morrow 7when the

 ,general was due71 it would have been  
satisfactory4 ,but ,miss ,jessamine     
feared it would be impossible in        
practice1 and she had scruples about it 
on principle4 ,it would not seem quite  
truthful1 although she had always most  
fully intended that he should be called 
,theodore when he had outgrown the      
ridiculous appropriateness of his       
nickname4 ,the fact was that he had not 
outgrown it1 but he must take care to   
remember who was meant when his         
grandfather said ,theodore4  ,indeed1   
for that matter1 he must take care all  
along4  ,you are apt to be giddy1       
,jackanapes1 said ,miss ,jessamine4     
,yes1 aunt1 said ,jackanapes1 thinking  
of the hobby-horses4  ,you are a good   
boy1 ,jackanapes4 ,thank ,god1 ,i can   
tell your grandfather that4 ,an obedient
 boy1 an honorable boy1 and a           
kind-hearted boy4 ,but you are--in      
short1 you are a ,boy1 ,jackanapes4 ,and
 ,i hope1 added ,miss ,jessamine1       
desperate with the results of           

experience1 that the ,general knows that
 ,boys will be ,boys4  ,what mischief   
could be foreseen1 ,jackanapes promised 
to guard against4 ,he was to keep his   
clothes and his hands clean1 to look    
over his catechism1 not to put sticky   
things in his pockets1 to keep that hair
 of his smooth 7,it's the wind that     
blows it1 aunty1 said ,jackanapes--,i'll
 send by the coach for some             
bear's-grease1 said ,miss ,jessamine1   
tying a knot in her                     
pocket-handkerchief71 not to burst in at
 the parlor door1 not to talk at the top
 of his voice1 not to crumple his       
,sunday frill1 and to sit quite quiet   
during the sermon1 to be sure to say sir
 to the ,general1 to be careful about   
rubbing his shoes on the door-mat1 and  
to bring his lesson-books to his aunt at
 once that she might iron down the      
dogs'-ears4 ,the ,general arrived2 and  
for the first day all went well1 except 
that ,jackanapes's hair was as wild as  
usual1 for the hair-dresser had no      

bear's-grease left4 ,he began to feel   
more at ease with his grandfather1 and  
disposed to talk confidentially with    
him1 as he did with the ,postman4 ,all  
that the ,general felt1 it would take   
too long to tell2 but the result was the
 same4 ,he was disposed to talk         
confidentially with ,jackanapes4        
,mons'ous pretty place this1 he said1   
looking out of the lattice on to the    
,green1 where the grass was vivid with  
sunset and the shadows were long and    
peaceful4  ,you should see it in        
,fair-week1 sir1 said ,jackanapes1      
shaking his yellow mop1 and leaning back
 in his one of the two ,chippendale     
arm-chairs in which they sat4  ,a fine  
time that1 eh8 said the ,general1 with a
 twinkle in his left eye 7the other was 
glass74  ,jackanapes shook his hair once
 more4 ,i enjoyed this last one the best
 of all1 he said4 ,i'd so much money4   
,by ,george1 it's not a common complaint
 in these bad times4 ,how much had ye8  
,i'd two shillings4 ,a new shilling     

aunty gave me1 and elevenpence ,i had   
saved up1 and a penny from the          
,postman1--sir6 added ,jackanapes with a
 jerk1 having forgotten it4  ,and how   
did ye spend it1--sir8 inquired the     
,general4  ,jackanapes spread his ten   
fingers on the arms of his chair1 and   
shut his eyes that he might count the   
more conscientiously4  ,watch-stand for 
aunty1 threepence4 ,trumpet for myself1 
twopence2 that's fivepence4 ,gingernuts 
for ,tony1 twopence1 and a mug with a   
,grenadier on for the ,postman1         
fourpence2 that's elevenpence4          
,shooting-gallery a penny2 that's a     
shilling4 ,giddy-go-round1 a penny2     
that's one and a penny4 ,treating ,tony1
 one and twopence4 ,flying ,boats 7,tony
 paid for himself71 a penny1 one and    
threepence4 ,shooting-gallery again1 one
 and fourpence2 ,fat ,woman a penny1 one
 and fivepence4 ,giddy-go-round again1  
one and sixpence4 ,shooting-gallery1 one
 and sevenpence4 ,treating ,tony1 and   
then he wouldn't shoot1 so ,i did1 one  

and eightpence4 ,living ,skeleton1 a    
penny--no1 ,tony treated me1 the ,living
 ,skeleton doesn't count4 ,skittles1 a  
penny1 one and ninepence4 ,mermaid 7but 
when we got inside she was dead71 a     
penny1 one and tenpence4 ,theater1 a    
penny 7,priscilla ,partington1 or the   
,green ,lane ,murder4 ,a beautiful young
 lady1 sir1 with pink cheeks and a real 
pistol72 that's one and elevenpence4    
,ginger beer1 a penny 7,i was so        
thirsty671 two shillings4 ,and then the 
,shooting-gallery man gave me a turn for
 nothing1 because1 he said1 ,i was a    
real gentleman1 and spent my money like 
a man4  ,so you do1 sir1 so you do6     
cried the ,general4 ,egad1 sir1 you     
spent it like a prince4 ,and now ,i     
suppose you've not got a penny in your  
pocket8  ,yes1 ,i have1 said            
,jackanapes4 ,two pennies4 ,they are    
saving up4 ,and ,jackanapes jingled them
 with his hand4  ,you don't want money  
except at ,fair-times1 ,i suppose8 said 
the ,general4  ,jackanapes shook his    

mop4  ,if ,i could have as much as ,i   
want1 ,i should know what to buy1 said  
he4  ,and how much do you want1 if you  
could get it8  ,wait a minute1 sir1 till
 ,i think what twopence from fifteen    
pounds leaves4 ,two from nothing you    
can't1 but borrow twelve4 ,two from     
twelve1 ten1 and carry one4 ,please     
remember ten1 sir1 when ,i ask you4 ,one
 from nothing you can't1 borrow twenty4 
,one from twenty1 nineteen1 and carry   
one4 ,one from fifteen1 fourteen4       
,fourteen pounds nineteen and--what did 
,i tell you to remember8  ,ten1 said the
 ,general4  ,fourteen pounds nineteen   
shillings and tenpence1 then1 is what ,i
 want1 said ,jackanapes4  ,god bless my 
soul6 what for8  ,to buy ,lollo with4   
,lollo means red1 sir4 ,the ,gypsy's    
red-haired pony1 sir4 ,oh1 he is        
beautiful6 ,you should see his coat in  
the sunshine6 ,you should see his mane6 
,you should see his tail6 ,such little  
feet1 sir1 and they go like lightning6  
,such a dear face1 too1 and eyes like a 

mouse6 ,but he's a racer1 and the ,gypsy
 wants fifteen pounds for him4  ,if he's
 a racer you couldn't ride him4 ,could  
you8  ,no--o1 sir1 but ,i can stick to  
him4 ,i did the other day4  ,the dooce  
you did6 ,well1 ,i'm fond of riding     
myself2 and if the beast is as good as  
you say1 he might suit me4  ,you're too 
tall for ,lollo1 ,i think1 said         
,jackanapes1 measuring his grandfather  
with his eye4  ,i can double up my legs1
 ,i suppose4 ,we'll have a look at him  
to-morrow4  ,don't you weigh a good     
deal8 asked ,jackanapes4  ,chiefly      
waistcoats1 said the ,general1 slapping 
the breast of his military frock-coat4  
,we'll have the little racer on the     
,green the first thing in the morning4  
,glad you mentioned it1 grandson2 glad  
you mentioned it4  ,the ,general was as 
good as his word4 ,next morning the     
,gypsy and ,lollo1 ,miss ,jessamine1    
,jackanapes and his grandfather and his 
dog ,spitfire1 were all gathered at one 
end of the ,green in a group1 which so  

aroused the innocent curiosity of ,mrs4 
,johnson1 as she saw it from one of her 
upper windows1 that she and the children
 took their early promenade rather      
earlier than usual4 ,the ,general talked
 to the ,gypsy1 and ,jackanapes fondled 
,lollo's mane1 and did not know whether 
he should be more glad or miserable if  
his grandfather bought him4             
,jackanapes6  ,yes1 sir6  ,i've bought  
,lollo1 but ,i believe you were right4  
,he hardly stands high enough for me4   
,if you can ride him to the other end of
 the ,green1 ,i'll give him to you4     
,how ,jackanapes tumbled on to ,lollo's 
back he never knew4 ,he had just        
gathered up the reins when the ,gypsy   
father took him by the arm4  ,if you    
want to make ,lollo go fast1 my little  
gentleman--  ,i can make him go6 said   
,jackanapes2 and drawing from his pocket
 the trumpet he had bought in the ,fair1
 he blew a blast both loud and shrill4  
,away went ,lollo1 and away went        
,jackanapes's hat4 ,his golden hair flew

 out1 an aureole from which his cheeks  
shone red and distended with trumpeting4
 ,away went ,spitfire1 mad with the     
rapture of the race and the wind in his 
silky ears4 ,away went the geese1 the   
cocks1 the hens1 and the whole family of
 ,johnson4 ,lucy clung to her mamma1    
,jane saved ,emily by the gathers of her
 gown1 and ,tony saved himself by a     
somersault4  ,the ,gray ,goose was just 
returning when ,jackanapes and ,lollo   
rode back1 ,spitfire panting behind4    
,good1 my little gentleman1 good6 said  
the ,gypsy4 ,you were born to the       
saddle4 ,you've the flat thigh1 the     
strong knee1 the wiry back1 and the     
light caressing hand2 all you want is to
 learn the whisper4 ,come here6  ,what  
was that dirty fellow talking about1    
grandson8 asked the ,general4  ,i can't 
tell you1 sir4 ,it's a secret4  ,they   
were sitting in the window again1 in the
 two ,chippendale arm-chairs1 the       
,general devouring every line of his    
grandson's face1 with strange spasms    

crossing his own4  ,you must love your  
aunt very much1 ,jackanapes8  ,i do1    
sir1 said ,jackanapes1 warmly4  ,and    
whom do you love next best to your aunt8
  ,the ties of blood were pressing very 
strongly on the ,general himself1 and   
perhaps he thought of ,lollo4 ,but love 
is not bought in a day1 even with       
fourteen pounds nineteen shillings and  
tenpence4 ,jackanapes answered quite    
readily1 ,the ,postman4  ,why the       
,postman8  ,he knew my father1 said     
,jackanapes1 and he tells me about him  
and about his black mare4 ,my father was
 a soldier1 a brave soldier4 ,he died at
 ,waterloo4 ,when ,i grow up ,i want to 
be a soldier too4  ,so you shall1 my    
boy2 so you shall4  ,thank you1         
grandfather4 ,aunty doesn't want me to  
be a soldier1 for fear of being killed4 
,bless my life6 ,would she have you get 
into a feather-bed and stay there8 ,why1
 you might be killed by a thunderbolt if
 you were a butter-merchant6  ,so ,i    
might4 ,i shall tell her so4 ,what a    

funny fellow you are1 sir6 ,i say1 do   
you think my father knew the ,gypsy's   
secret8 ,the ,postman says he used to   
whisper to his black mare4  ,your father
 was taught to ride1 as a child1 by one 
of those horsemen of the ,east who swoop
 and dart and wheel about a plain like  
swallows in autumn4 ,grandson6 love me a
 little too4 ,i can tell you more about 
your father than the ,postman can4  ,i  
do love you1 said ,jackanapes4 ,before  
you came ,i was frightened4 ,i'd no     
notion you were so nice4  ,love me      
always1 boy1 whatever ,i do or leave    
undone4 ,and--,god help me6--whatever   
you do or leave undone1 ,i'll love you4 
,there shall never be a cloud between us
 for a day2 no1 sir1 not for an hour4   
,we're imperfect enough1 all of us--we  
needn't be so bitter2 and life is       
uncertain enough at its safest--we      
needn't waste its opportunities4 ,god   
bless my soul6 ,here sit ,i1 after a    
dozen battles and some of the worst     
climates in the world1 and by yonder    

lych gate lies your mother1 who didn't  
move five miles1 ,i suppose1 from your  
aunt's apron-strings1--dead in her      
teens2 my golden-haired daughter1 whom  
,i never saw6  ,jackanapes was terribly 
troubled4  ,don't cry1 grandfather1 he  
pleaded1 his own blue eyes round with   
tears4 ,i will love you very much1 and  
,i will try to be very good4 ,but ,i    
should like to be a soldier4  ,you      
shall1 my boy2 you shall4 ,you've more  
claims for a commission than you know   
of4 ,cavalry1 ,i suppose2 eh1 ye young  
,jackanapes8 ,well1 well2 if you live to
 be an honor to your country1 this old  
heart shall grow young again with pride 
for you2 and if you die in the service  
of your country--egad1 sir1 it can but  
break for ye6  ,and beating the region  
which he said was all waistcoats1 as if 
they stifled him1 the old man got up and
 strode out on to the ,green4           
,,chapter ,,iv  ,greater love hath no   
man than this1 that a man lay down his  
life for his friends4--,john #ae3ac4    

,twenty and odd years later the ,gray   
,goose was still alive1 and in full     
possession of her faculties1 such as    
they were4 ,she lived slowly and        
carefully1 and she lived long4 ,so did  
,miss ,jessamine2 but the ,general was  
dead4  ,he had lived on the ,green for  
many years1 during which he and the     
,postman saluted each other with a      
punctiliousness that it almost drilled  
one to witness4 ,he would have          
completely spoiled ,jackanapes if ,miss 
,jessamine's conscience would have let  
him2 otherwise he somewhat dragooned his
 neighbors1 and was as positive about   
parish matters as a rate-payer about the
 army4 ,a stormy-tempered1              
tender-hearted soldier1 irritable with  
the suffering of wounds of which he     
never spoke1 whom all the village       
followed to his grave with tears4  ,the 
,general's death was a great shock to   
,miss ,jessamine1 and her nephew stayed 
with her for some little time after the 
funeral4 ,then he was obliged to join   

his regiment1 which was ordered abroad4 
,one effect of the conquest which the   
,general had gained over the affections 
of the village was a considerable       
abatement of the popular prejudice      
against the military4 ,indeed1 the      
village was now somewhat importantly    
represented in the army4 ,there was the 
,general himself1 and the ,postman1 and 
the ,black ,captain's tablet in the     
church1 and ,jackanapes1 and ,tony      
,johnson1 and a ,trumpeter4  ,tony      
,johnson had no more natural taste for  
fighting than for riding1 but he was as 
devoted as ever to ,jackanapes4 ,and    
that was how it came about that ,mr4    
,johnson bought him a commission in the 
same cavalry regiment that the          
,general's grandson 7whose commission   
had been given him by the ,iron ,duke7  
was in2 and that he was quite content to
 be the butt of the mess where          
,jackanapes was the hero2 and that when 
,jackanapes wrote home to ,miss         
,jessamine1 ,tony wrote with the same   

purpose to his mother1--namely1 to      
demand her congratulations that they    
were on active service at last1 and were
 ordered to the front4 ,and he added a  
postscript1 to the effect that she could
 have no idea how popular ,jackanapes   
was1 nor how splendidly he rode the     
wonderful red charger which he had named
 after his old friend ,lollo4         99
       99       99       99       99    
,sound ,retire6  ,a ,boy ,trumpeter1    
grave with the weight of                
responsibilities and accoutrements      
beyond his years1 and stained so that   
his own mother would not have known him1
 with the sweat and dust of battle1 did 
as he was bid2 and then1 pushing his    
trumpet pettishly aside1 adjusted his   
weary legs for the hundredth time to the
 horse which was a world too big for    
him1 and muttering1 ',tain't a pretty   
tune1 tried to see something of this his
 first engagement before it came to an  
end4  ,being literally in the thick of  
it1 he could hardly have seen less or   

known less of what happened in that     
particular skirmish if he had been at   
home in ,england4 ,for many good        
reasons1--including dust and smoke1 and 
that what attention he dared distract   
from his commanding officer was pretty  
well absorbed by keeping his            
hard-mouthed troop-horse in hand1 under 
pain of execration by his neighbors in  
the melee4 ,by and by1 when the         
newspapers came out1 if he could get a  
look at one before it was thumbed to    
bits1 he would learn that the enemy had 
appeared from ambush in overwhelming    
numbers1 and that orders had been given 
to fall back1 which was done slowly and 
in good order1 the men fighting as they 
retired4  ,born and bred on the ,goose  
,green1 the youngest of ,mr4 ,johnson's 
gardener's numerous offspring1 the boy  
had given his family no peace till they 
let him go for a soldier with ,master   
,tony and ,master ,jackanapes4 ,they    
consented at last1 with more tears than 
they shed when an elder son was sent to 

jail for poaching2 and the boy was      
perfectly happy in his life1 and full of
 esprit de corps4 ,it was this which had
 been wounded by having to sound retreat
 for the young gentlemen's regiment1 the
 first time he served with it before the
 enemy2 and he was also harassed by     
having completely lost sight of ,master 
,tony4 ,there had been some hard        
fighting before the backward movement   
began1 and he had caught sight of him   
once1 but not since4 ,on the other hand1
 all the pulses of his village pride had
 been stirred by one or two visions of  
,master ,jackanapes whirling about on   
his wonderful horse4 ,he had been easy  
to distinguish1 since an eccentric blow 
had bared his head without hurting it2  
for his close golden mop of hair gleamed
 in the hot sunshine as brightly as the 
steel of the sword flashing round it4   
,of the missiles that fell pretty       
thickly1 the ,boy ,trumpeter did not    
take much notice4 ,first1 one can't     
attend to everything1 and his hands were

 full2 secondly1 one gets used to       
anything2 thirdly1 experience soon      
teaches one1 in spite of proverbs1 how  
very few bullets find their billet4 ,far
 more unnerving is the mere suspicion of
 fear or even of anxiety in the human   
mass around you4 ,the ,boy was beginning
 to wonder if there were any dark reason
 for the increasing pressure1 and       
whether they would be allowed to move   
back more quickly1 when the smoke in    
front lifted for a moment1 and he could 
see the plain1 and the enemy's line some
 two hundred yards away4 ,and across the
 the plain between them1 he saw ,master 
,jackanapes galloping alone at the top  
of ,lollo's speed1 their faces to the   
enemy1 his golden head at ,lollo's ear4 
,but at this moment noise and smoke     
seemed to burst out on every side2 the  
officer shouted to him to sound ,retire6
 and between trumpeting and bumping     
about on his horse1 he saw and heard no 
more of the incidents of his first      
battle4  ,tony ,johnson was always      

unlucky with horses1 from the days of   
the giddy-go-round onwards4 ,on this    
day--of all days in the year--his own   
horse was on the sick list1 and he had  
to ride an inferior1 ill-conditioned    
beast1 and fell off that1 at the very   
moment when it was matter of life or    
death to be able to ride away4 ,the     
horse fell on him1 but struggled up     
again1 and ,tony managed to keep hold of
 it4 ,it was in trying to remount that  
he discovered1 by helplessness and      
anguish1 that one of his legs was       
crushed and broken1 and that no feat of 
which he was master would get him into  
the saddle4 ,not able even to stand     
alone1 awkwardly1 agonizingly1 unable to
 mount his restive horse1 his life was  
yet so strong within him6 ,and on one   
side of him rolled the dust and         
smoke-cloud of his advancing foes1 and  
on the other1 that which covered his    
retreating friends4  ,he turned one     
piteous gaze after them1 with a bitter  
twinge1 not of reproach1 but of         

loneliness2 and then1 dragging himself  
up by the side of his horse1 he turned  
the other way and drew out his pistol1  
and waited for the end4 ,whether he     
waited seconds or minutes he never knew1
 before some one gripped him by the arm4
  ,jackanapes6 ,god bless you6 ,it's my 
left leg4 ,if you could get me on--  ,it
 was like ,tony's luck that his pistol  
went off at his horse's tail1 and made  
it plunge2 but ,jackanapes threw him    
across the saddle4  ,hold on anyhow1 and
 stick your spur in4 ,i'll lead him4    
,keep your head down2 they're firing    
high4  ,and ,jackanapes laid his head   
down--to ,lollo's ear4  ,it was when    
they were fairly off1 that a sudden     
upspringing of the enemy in all         
directions had made it necessary to     
change the gradual retirement of our    
force into as rapid a retreat as        
possible4 ,and when ,jackanapes became  
aware of this1 and felt the lagging and 
swerving of ,tony's horse1 he began to  
wish he had thrown his friend across his

 own saddle and left their lives to     
,lollo4  ,when ,tony became aware of it1
 several things came into his head3 #a4 
,that the dangers of their ride for life
 were now more than doubled2 #b4 ,that  
if ,jackanapes and ,lollo were not      
burdened with him they would undoubtedly
 escape2 #c4 ,that ,jackanapes's life   
was infinitely valuable1 and            
his--,tony's--was not2 #d4 ,that this1  
if he could seize it1 was the supremest 
of all the moments in which he had tried
 to assume the virtues which ,jackanapes
 had by nature2 and that if he could be 
courageous and unselfish now--  ,he     
caught at his own reins and spoke very  
loud1--  ,jackanapes6 ,it won't do4 ,you
 and ,lollo must go on4 ,tell the       
fellows ,i gave you back to them with   
all my heart4 ,jackanapes1 if you love  
me1 leave me6  ,there was a daffodil    
light over the evening sky in front of  
them1 and it shone strangely on         
,jackanapes's hair and face4 ,he turned 
with an odd look in his eyes that a     

vainer man than ,tony ,johnson might    
have taken for brotherly pride4 ,then he
 shook his mop1 and laughed at him1     
,leave you8 ,to save my skin8 ,no1      
,tony1 not to save my soul6   ,,chapter 
,v          ,,mr4 ,,valiant summoned4   
,his ,will4 ,his last         ,words4   
,then said he1 ,i am going to my        
,father's4 4 4 4 ,my         ,sword ,i  
give to him that shall succeed me in my 
,pilgrimage1 and my ,courage and ,skill 
to him         that can get it4 4 4 4   
,and as he went down         deeper1 he 
said1 ,grave1 where is thy ,victory8    
,so he passed over1 and all the         
,trumpets sounded         for him on the
 other side4                            
,,bunyan1 ,pilgrim's ,progress   ,coming
 out of a hospital tent1 at             
headquarters1 the surgeon cannoned      
against1 and rebounded from1 another    
officer1--a sallow man1 not young1 with 
a face worn more by ungentle experiences
 than by age1 with weary eyes that kept 
their own counsel1 iron-gray hair1 and a

 moustache that was as if a raven had   
laid its wing across his lips and sealed
 them4  ,well8  ,beg pardon1 ,major4    
,didn't see you4 ,oh1 compound fracture 
and bruises4 ,but it's all right2 he'll 
pull through4  ,thank ,god4  ,it was    
probably an involuntary expression2 for 
prayer and praise were not much in the  
,major's line1 as a jerk of the         
surgeon's head would have betrayed to an
 observer4 ,he was a bright little man1 
with his feelings showing all over him1 
but with gallantry and contempt of death
 enough for both sides of his           
profession2 who took a cool head1 a     
white handkerchief1 and a case of       
instruments1 where other men went hot   
blooded with weapons1 and who was the   
biggest gossip1 male or female1 of the  
regiment4 ,not even the major's         
taciturnity daunted him4  ,didn't think 
he'd as much pluck about him as he has4 
,he'll do all right if he doesn't fret  
himself into a fever about poor         
,jackanapes4  ,whom are you talking     

about8 asked the ,major1 hoarsely4      
,young ,johnson4 ,he--  ,what about     
,jackanapes8  ,don't you know8 ,sad     
business4 ,rode back for ,johnson1 and  
brought him in2 but1 monstrous ill-luck1
 hit as they rode4 ,left lung--  ,will  
he recover8  ,no4 ,sad business4 ,what a
 frame--what limbs--what health--and    
what good looks6 ,finest young fellow-- 
,where is he8  ,in his own tent1 said   
the surgeon1 sadly4  ,the ,major wheeled
 and left him4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,can ,i do        
anything else for you8  ,nothing1 thank 
you4 ,except--,major6 ,i wish ,i could  
get you to appreciate ,johnson4  ,this  
is not an easy moment1 ,jackanapes4     
,let me tell you1 sir--he never         
will--that if he could have driven me   
from him1 he would be lying yonder at   
this moment1 and ,i should be safe and  
sound4  ,the ,major laid his hand over  
his mouth1 as if to keep back a wish he 
would have been ashamed to utter4  ,i've
 known old ,tony from a child4 ,he's a  

fool on impulse1 a good man and a       
gentleman in principle4 ,and he acts on 
principle1 which it's not every--,some  
water1 please6 ,thank you1 sir4 ,it's   
very hot1 and yet one's feet get        
uncommonly cold4 ,oh1 thank you1 thank  
you4 ,he's no fire-eater1 but he has a  
trained conscience and a tender heart1  
and he'll do his duty when a braver and 
more selfish man might fail you4 ,but he
 wants encouragement2 and when ,i'm     
gone--  ,he shall have encouragement4   
,you have my word for it4 ,can ,i do    
nothing else8  ,yes1 ,major4 ,a favor4  
,thank you1 ,jackanapes4  ,be ,lollo's  
master1 and love him as well as you can4
 ,he's used to it4  ,wouldn't you rather
 ,johnson had him8  ,the blue eyes      
twinkled in spite of mortal pain4  ,tony
 rides on principle1 ,major4 ,his legs  
are bolsters1 and will be to the end of 
the chapter4 ,i couldn't insult dear    
,lollo2 but if you don't care--  ,while 
,i live--which will be longer than ,i   
desire or deserve--,lollo shall want    

nothing but--you4 ,i have too little    
tenderness for--,my dear boy1 you're    
faint4 ,can you spare me for a moment8  
,no1 stay--,major6  ,what8 ,what8  ,my  
head drifts so--if you wouldn't mind4   
,yes6 ,yes6  ,say a prayer by me4 ,out  
loud1 please2 ,i am getting deaf4  ,my  
dearest ,jackanapes--my dear boy--  ,one
 of the ,church ,prayers--,parade       
,service1 you know4  ,i see4 ,but the   
fact is--,god forgive me1               
,jackanapes6--,i'm a very different sort
 of fellow to some of you youngsters4   
,look here1 let me fetch--  ,but        
,jackanapes's hand was in his1 and it   
would not let go4  ,there was a brief   
and bitter silence4  ',pon my soul ,i   
can only remember the little one at the 
end4  ,please1 whispered ,jackanapes4   
,pressed by the conviction that what    
little he could do it was his duty to   
do1 the ,major1 kneeling1 bared his     
head1 and spoke loudly1 clearly1 and    
very reverently1--  ,the grace of our   
,lord ,jesus ,christ--  ,jackanapes     

moved his left hand to his right one1   
which still held the ,major's4  ,the    
love of ,god--  ,and with               
that--,jackanapes died4   ,,chapter ,,vi
          ,und so ist der blaue ,himmel 
groesser als jedes         ,gewoelk     
darin1 und dauerhafter dazu4            
--,,jean ,,paul ,,richter  ,jackanapes's
 death was sad news for the ,goose      
,green1 a sorrow just qualified by      
honorable pride in his gallantry and    
devotion4 ,only the ,cobbler dissented2 
but that was his way4 ,he said he saw   
nothing in it but foolhardiness and     
vainglory4 ,they might both have been   
killed1 as easy as not2 and then where  
would ye have been8 ,a man's life was a 
man's life1 and one life was as good as 
another4 ,no one would catch him        
throwing his away4 ,and1 for that       
matter1 ,mrs4 ,johnson could spare a    
child a great deal better than ,miss    
,jessamine4  ,but the parson preached   
,jackanapes's funeral sermon on the     
text1 ,whosoever will save his life     

shall lose it1 and whosoever will lose  
his life for my sake shall find it2 and 
all the village went and wept to hear   
him4  ,nor did ,miss ,jessamine see her 
loss from the ,cobbler's point of view4 
,on the contrary1 ,mrs4 ,johnson said   
she never to her dying day should forget
 how1 when she went to condole with her1
 the old lady came forward1 with        
gentlewomanly self-control1 and kissed  
her1 and thanked ,god that her dear     
nephew's effort had been blessed with   
success1 and that this sad war had made 
no gap in her friend's large and happy  
home-circle4  ,but she's a noble1       
unselfish woman1 sobbed ,mrs4 ,johnson1 
and she taught ,jackanapes to be the    
same2 and that's how it is that my ,tony
 has been spared to me4 ,and it must be 
sheer goodness in ,miss ,jessamine1 for 
what can she know of a mother's         
feelings8 ,and ,i'm sure most people    
seem to think that if you've a large    
family you don't know one from another  
any more than they do1 and that a lot of

 children are like a lot of store       
apples1--if one's taken it won't be     
missed4  ,lollo--the first ,lollo1 the  
,gypsy's ,lollo--very aged1 draws ,miss 
,jessamine's bath-chair slowly up and   
down the ,goose ,green in the sunshine4 
,the ,ex-postman walks beside him1 which
 ,lollo tolerates to the level of his   
shoulder4 ,if the ,postman advances any 
nearer to his head1 ,lollo quickens his 
pace2 and were the ,postman to persist  
in the injudicious attempt1 there is1 as
 ,miss ,jessamine says1 no knowing what 
might happen4  ,in the opinion of the   
,goose ,green1 ,miss ,jessamine has     
borne her troubles wonderfully4 ,indeed1
 to-day1 some of the less delicate and  
less intimate of those who see          
everything from the upper windows say   
7well1 behind her back7 that the old    
lady seems quite lively with her        
military beaux again4  ,the meaning of  
this is1 that ,captain ,johnson is      
leaning over one side of her chair1     
while by the other bends a brother      

officer who is staying with him1 and who
 has manifested an extraordinary        
interest in ,lollo4 ,he bends lower and 
lower1 and ,miss ,jessamine calls to the
 ,postman to request ,lollo to be kind  
enough to stop1 while she is fumbling   
for something which always hangs by her 
side1 and has got entangled with her    
spectacles4  ,it is a twopenny trumpet1 
bought years ago in the village fair2   
and over it she and ,captain ,johnson   
tell1 as best they can1 between them1   
the story of ,jackanapes's ride across  
the ,goose ,green2 and how he won       
,lollo--the ,gypsy's ,lollo--the racer  
,lollo--dear ,lollo--faithful           
,lollo--,lollo the never                
vanquished--,lollo the tender servant of
 his old mistress4 ,and ,lollo's ears   
twitch at every mention of his name4    
,their hearer does not speak1 but he    
never moves his eyes from the trumpet2  
and when the tale is told1 he lifts     
,miss ,jessamine's hand and presses his 
heavy black moustache in silence to her 

trembling fingers4  ,the sun1 setting   
gently to his rest1 embroiders the      
somber foliage of the oak tree with     
threads of gold4 ,the ,gray ,goose is   
sensible of an atmosphere of repose1 and
 puts up one leg for the night4 ,the    
grass glows with a more vivid green1    
and1 in answer to a ringing call from   
,tony1 his sisters fluttering over the  
daisies in pale-hued muslins1 come out  
of their ever-open door1 like pretty    
pigeons from a dovecote4  ,and if the   
good gossips' eyes do not deceive them1 
all the ,miss ,johnsons and both the    
officers go wandering off into the      
lanes1 where bryony wreaths still twine 
about the brambles4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,a sorrowful      
story1 and ending badly8  ,nay1         
,jackanapes1 for the ,end is not yet4   
,a life wasted that might have been     
useful8  ,men who have died for men1 in 
all ages1 forgive the thought6  ,there  
is a heritage of heroic example and     
noble obligation1 not reckoned in the   

,wealth of ,nations1 but essential to a 
nation's life2 the contempt of which1 in
 any people1 may1 not slowly1 mean even 
its commercial fall4  ,very sweet are   
the uses of prosperity1 the harvests of 
peace and progress1 the fostering       
sunshine of health and happiness1 and   
length of days in the land4  ,but there 
be things--oh1 sons of what has deserved
 the name of ,great ,britain1 forget it 
not6--the good of which and the use of  
which are beyond all calculation of     
worldly goods and earthly uses3 things  
such as ,love1 and ,honor1 and the ,soul
 of ,man1 which cannot be bought with a 
price1 and which do not die with death4 
,and they who would fain live happily   
ever after should not leave these things
 out of the lessons of their lives4     
,,footnotes3  #c ,the political men     
declare war1 and generally for          
commercial interests2 but when the      
nation is thus embroiled with its       
neighbors1 the soldier 4 4 4 draws the  
sword at the command of his country4 4 4

 4 ,one word as to thy comparison of    
military and commercial persons4 ,what  
manner of men be they who have supplied 
the ,caffres with the firearms and      
ammunition to maintain their savage and 
deplorable wars8 ,assuredly they are not
 military4 4 4 4 ,cease then1 if thou   
wouldst be counted among the just1 to   
vilify soldiers 7,w4 ,napier1           
,lieutenant-,general1 ,november1 #ahea74
 ,author's ,note4  #d ,the ,mail ,coach 
it was that distributed over the face of
 the land1 like the opening of          
apocalyptic vials1 the heart-shaking    
news of ,trafalgar1 of ,salamanca1 of   
,vittoria1 of ,waterloo4 4 4 4 ,the     
grandest chapter of our experience1     
within the whole ,mail-,coach service1  
was on those occasions when we went down
 from ,london with the news of ,victory4
 ,five years of life it was worth paying
 down for the privilege of an outside   
place4--7,de ,quincey47 ,author's ,note4
  #e ,brunswick's fated chieftain fell  
at ,quatre ,bras the day before         

,waterloo2 but this first 7very         
imperfect7 list1 as it appeared in the  
newspapers of the day1 did begin with   
his name and end with that of an ,ensign
 ,brown4 ,author's ,note4    #chc       
,the story that follows was first       
published in         ,harper's ,round   
,table1 ,june #be1 #ahie1 as the        
winner of first place in a short story  
contest         conducted by that       
periodical4 ,the author at         that 
time was seventeen years of age4 ,it    
seems         quite fitting that a      
writer beginning his         career in  
such fashion should finally write the   
most scholarly historical and critical  
account         of the development of   
the short story1 ,the         ,short    
,story in ,english 7#aiji74 ,mr4 ,canby 
was         for several years assistant 
professor of         ,english in the    
,sheffield ,scientific ,school1         
,yale ,university1 and is now the editor
 of ,the         ,literary ,review1 the 
literary section of the         ,new    

,york ,evening ,post4 7,betty's ,ride is
         used here by special           
arrangement with the         author47   
,,betty',s ,,ride3 ,a ,,tale ,,of ,,the 
,,revolution  ,,henry ,s4 ,,canby  ,the 
sun was just rising and showering his   
first rays on the gambrel-roof and solid
 stone walls of a house surrounded by a 
magnificent grove of walnuts1 and       
overlooking one of the beautiful valleys
 so common in southeastern              
,pennsylvania4 ,close by the house1 and 
shaded by the same great trees1 stood a 
low building of the most severe type1   
whose time-stained bricks and timbers   
green with moss told its age without the
 aid of the half-obliterated inscription
 over the door1 which read1 ,built ,a4  
,d4 #agbj4 ,one familiar with the       
country would have pronounced it without
 hesitation a ,quaker meeting-house1    
dating back almost to the time of       
,william ,penn4  ,when ,ezra ,dale had  
become the leader of the little band of 
,quakers which gathered here every      

,first ,day1 he had built the house     
under the walnut-trees1 and had taken   
his wife ,ann and his little daughter   
,betty to live there4 ,that was in      
#aggj1 seven years earlier1 and before  
war had wrought sorrow and desolation   
throughout the country4  ,the sun rose  
higher1 and just as his beams touched   
the broad stone step in front of the    
house the door opened1 and ,ann ,dale1 a
 sweet-faced woman in the plain ,quaker 
garb1 came out1 followed by ,betty1 a   
little blue-eyed ,quakeress of twelve   
years1 with a gleam of spirit in her    
face which ill became her plain dress4  
,betty1 said her mother1 as they walked 
out towards the great horse-block by the
 road-side1 thee must keep house to-day4
 ,friend ,robert has just sent thy      
father word that the redcoats have not  
crossed the ,brandywine since ,third    
,day last1 and thy father and ,i will   
ride to ,chester to-day1 that there may 
be other than corn-cakes and bacon for  
the friends who come to us after monthly

 meeting4 ,mind thee keeps near the     
house and finishes thy sampler4  ,yes1  
mother1 said ,betty2 but will thee not  
come home early8 ,i shall miss thee     
sadly4  ,just then ,ezra appeared1      
wearing his collarless ,quaker coat1 and
 leading a horse saddled with a great   
pillion1 into which ,ann laboriously    
climbed after her husband1 and with a   
final warning and farewell to ,betty1   
clasped him tightly around the waist    
lest she should be jolted off as they   
jogged down the rough and winding lane  
into the broad ,chester highway4        
,friend ,ann had many reasons for       
fearing to leave ,betty alone for a     
whole day1 and she looked back anxiously
 at her waving farewell with her little 
bonnet4  ,it was a troublous time4  ,the
 ,revolution was at its height1 and the 
,british1 who had a short time before   
disembarked their army near ,elkton1    
,maryland1 were now encamped near ,white
 ,clay ,creek1 while ,washington        
occupied the country bordering on the   

,brandywine4 ,his force1 however1 was   
small compared to the extent of the     
country to be guarded1 and bands of the 
,british sometimes crossed the          
,brandywine and foraged in the fertile  
counties of ,delaware and ,chester4 ,as 
,betty's father1 although a ,quaker and 
a non-combatant1 was known to be a      
patriot1 he had to suffer the fortunes  
of war with his neighbors4  ,thus it was
 with many forebodings that ,betty's    
mother watched the slight figure under  
the spreading branches of a great       
chestnut1 which seemed to rustle its    
innumerable leaves as if to promise     
protection to the little maid4 ,however1
 the sun shone brightly1 the swallows   
chirped as they circled overhead1 and   
nothing seemed farther off than battle  
and bloodshed4  ,betty skipped merrily  
into the house1 and snatching up some   
broken corn-cake left from the morning  
meal1 ran lightly out to the paddock    
where ,daisy was kept1 her own horse1   
which she had helped to raise from a    

colt4  ,come thee here1 ,daisy1 she     
said1 as she seated herself on the top  
rail of the mossy snake fence4 ,come    
thee here1 and thee shall have some of  
thy mistress's corn-cake4 ,ah6 ,i       
thought thee would like it4 ,now go and 
eat all thee can of this good grass1 for
 if the wicked redcoats come again1 thee
 will not have another chance1 ,i can   
tell thee4  ,daisy whinnied and trotted 
off1 while ,betty1 feeding the few      
chickens 7sadly reduced in numbers by   
numerous raids71 returned to the house1 
and getting her sampler1 sat down under 
a walnut-tree to sew on the stint which 
her mother had given her4  ,all was     
quiet save the chattering of the        
squirrels overhead and the drowsy hum of
 the bees1 when from around the curve in
 the road she heard a shot2 then another
 nearer1 and then a voice shouting      
commands1 and the thud of hoof-beats    
farther down the valley4 ,she jumped up 
with a startled cry3 ,the redcoats6 ,the
 redcoats6 ,oh1 what shall ,i do6  ,just

 then the foremost of a scattered band  
of soldiers1 their buff and blue        
uniforms and ill-assorted arms showing  
them to be ,americans1 appeared in full 
flight around the curve in the road1 and
 springing over the fence1 dashed across
 the pasture straight for the           
meeting-house4 ,through the broad       
gateway they poured1 and forcing open   
the door of the meeting-house1 rushed   
within and began to barricade the       
windows4  ,their leader paused while his
 men passed in1 and seeing ,betty1 came 
quickly towards her4  ,what do you here1
 child8 he said1 hurriedly4 ,go quickly1
 before the ,british reach us1 and tell 
your father that1 ,quaker or no ,quaker1
 he shall ride to ,washington1 on the   
,brandywine1 and tell him that we1 but  
one hundred men1 are besieged by three  
hundred ,british cavalry in ,chichester 
,meeting-house1 with but little powder  
left4 ,tell him to make all haste to us4
  ,turning1 he hastened into the        
meeting-house1 now converted into a     

fort1 and as the doors closed behind him
 ,betty saw a black muzzle protruding   
from every window4  ,with trembling     
fingers the little maid picked up her   
sampler1 and as the thud of horses'     
hoofs grew louder and louder1 she ran   
fearfully into the house1 locked and    
bolted the massive door1 and then flying
 up the broad stairs1 she seated herself
 in a little window overlooking the     
meeting-house yard4 ,she had gone into  
the house none too soon4 ,up the road1  
with their red coats gleaming and their 
harness jangling1 was sweeping a        
detachment of ,british cavalry1 never   
stopping until they reached the         
meeting-house--and then it was too late4
  ,a sheet of flame shot out from the   
wall before them1 and half a dozen      
troopers fell lifeless to the ground1   
and half a dozen riderless horses       
galloped wildly down the road4 ,the     
leader shouted a sharp command1 and the 
whole troop retreated in confusion4     
,betty drew back shuddering1 and when   

she brought herself to look again the   
troopers had dismounted1 had surrounded 
the meeting-house1 and were pouring     
volley after volley at its doors and    
windows4 ,then for the first time ,betty
 thought of the officer's message1 and  
remembered that the safety of the       
,americans depended upon her alone1 for 
her father was away1 no neighbor within 
reach1 and without powder she knew they 
could not resist long4  ,could she save 
them8 ,all her stern ,quaker blood rose 
at the thought1 and stealing softly to  
the paddock behind the barn1 she saddled
 ,daisy and led her through the bars    
into the wood road1 which opened into   
the highway just around the bend4 ,could
 she but pass the pickets without       
discovery there would be little danger  
of pursuit2 then there would be only the
 long ride of eight miles ahead of her4 
,just before the narrow wood road joined
 the broader highway ,betty mounted     
,daisy by means of a convenient stump1  
and starting off at a gallop1 had just  

turned the corner when a voice shouted  
,halt6 and a shot whistled past her     
head4 ,betty screamed with terror1 and  
bending over1 brought down her          
riding-whip with all her strength upon  
,daisy1 then1 turning for a moment1 saw 
three troopers hurriedly mounting4  ,her
 heart sank within her1 but1 beginning  
to feel the excitement of the chase1 she
 leaned over and patting ,daisy on the  
neck1 encouraged her to do her best4    
,onward they sped4 ,betty1 her curly    
hair streaming in the wind1 the color   
now mounting to1 now retreating from her
 cheeks1 led by five hundred yards4     
,but ,daisy had not been used for weeks1
 and already felt the unusual strain4   
,now they thundered over ,naaman's      
,creek1 now over ,concord1 with the     
nearest pursuer only four hundred yards 
behind2 and now they raced beside the   
clear waters of ,beaver ,brook1 and as  
,betty dashed through its shallow ford1 
the thud of horse's hoofs seemed just   
over her shoulder4  ,betty1 at first    

sure of success1 now knew that unless in
 some way she could throw her pursuers  
off her track she was surely lost4 ,just
 then she saw ahead of her a fork in the
 road1 the lower branch leading to the  
,brandywine1 the upper to the           
,birmingham ,meeting-house4 ,could she  
but get the troopers on the upper road  
while she took the lower1 she would be  
safe2 and1 as if in answer to her wish1 
there flashed across her mind the       
remembrance of the old cross-road which1
 long disused1 and with its entrance    
hidden by drooping boughs1 led from a   
point in the upper road just out of     
sight of the fork down across the lower1
 and through the valley of the          
,brandywine4 ,could she gain this road  
unseen she still might reach            
,washington4  ,urging ,daisy forward1   
she broke just in time through the dense
 growth which hid the entrance1 and sat 
trembling1 hidden behind a dense growth 
of tangled vines1 while she heard the   
troopers thunder by4 ,then1 riding      

through the rustling woods1 she came at 
last into the open1 and saw spread out  
beneath her the beautiful valley of the 
,brandywine1 dotted with the white tents
 of the ,continental army4  ,starting   
off at a gallop1 she dashed around a    
bend in the road into the midst of a    
group of officers riding slowly up from 
the valley4  ,stop1 little maiden1      
before you run us down1 said one1 who   
seemed to be in command4 ,where are you 
going in such hot haste8  ,oh1 sir1 said
 ,betty1 reining in ,daisy1 can thee    
tell me where ,i can find ,general      
,washington8  ,yes1 little ,quakeress1  
said the officer who had first spoken to
 her2 ,i am he4 ,what do you wish8      
,betty1 too exhausted to be surprised1  
poured forth her story in a few broken  
sentences1 and 7hearing as if in a dream
 the hasty commands for the rescue of   
the soldiers in ,chichester             
,meeting-house7 fell forward in her     
saddle1 and1 for the first time in her  
life1 fainted1 worn out by her noble    

ride4  ,a few days later1 when          
recovering from the shock of her long   
and eventful ride1 ,betty1 awaking from 
a deep sleep1 found her mother kneeling 
beside her little bed1 while her father 
talked with ,general ,washington himself
 beside the fireplace2 and it was the   
proudest and happiest moment of her life
 when ,washington1 coming forward and   
taking her by the hand1 said1 ,you are  
the bravest little maid in ,america1 and
 an honor to your country4  ,still the  
peaceful meeting-house and the          
gambrel-roofed home stand unchanged1    
save that their time-beaten timbers and 
crumbling bricks have taken on a more   
sombre tinge1 and under the broad       
walnut-tree another little ,betty sits  
and sews4  ,if you ask it1 she will take
 down the great key from its nail1 and  
swinging back the new doors of the      
meeting-house1 will show you the old    
worm-eaten ones inside1 which1 pierced  
through and through with bullet-holes1  
once served as a rampart against the    

enemy4 ,and she will tell you1 in the   
quaint ,friend's language1 how her      
great-great-grandmother carried1 over a 
hundred years ago1 the news of the      
danger of her countrymen to ,washington1
 on the ,brandywine1 and at the risk of 
her own life saved theirs4    #chd      
,some two decades ago thousands were    
reading         about the highly        
romantic career of ,charles             
,brandon in ,when ,knighthood ,was in   
,flower         7#ahih71 and other      
thousands were applauding         ,julia
 ,marlowe's impersonation of the        
beautiful         and fascinating       
,princess ,mary in the dramatic         
version of that book4 ,the author was   
,charles         ,major 7#ahef-aiac71 an
 ,indiana lawyer turned                 
novelist1 who wrote1 also1 the equally  
romantic         story of ,dorothy      
,vernon of ,haddon ,hall                
7#aijb74 ,between these two pieces of   
delightful         romance1 he wrote a  
series of sketches of         pioneer   

life in ,indiana under the title of ,the
         ,bears of ,blue ,river 7#aija74
 ,it is an account         of boy life  
in the early days1 full of dramatic     
interest1 simply written1 and entirely  
worthy         of the high place which  
it has already taken         among      
stories of its type4 ,the first         
adventure         in that book follows  
by special arrangement         with the 
publishers4 7,copyright4 ,the ,macmillan
         ,company1 ,new ,york47   ,,the 
,,big ,,bear  ,,charles ,,major  ,away  
back in the twenties1 when ,indiana was 
a baby state1 and great forests of tall 
trees and tangled underbrush darkened   
what are now her bright plains and sunny
 hills1 there stood upon the east bank  
of ,big ,blue ,river1 a mile or two     
north of the point where that stream    
crosses the ,michigan road1 a cozy log  
cabin of two rooms--one front and one   
back4  ,the house faced the west1 and   
stretching off toward the river for a   
distance equal to twice the width of an 

ordinary street1 was a blue-grass lawn1 
upon which stood a dozen or more elm and
 sycamore trees1 with a few             
honey-locusts scattered here and there4 
,immediately at the water's edge was a  
steep slope of ten or twelve feet4 ,back
 of the house1 mile upon mile1 stretched
 the deep dark forest1 inhabited by deer
 and bears1 wolves and wildcats1        
squirrels and birds1 without number4    
,in the river the fish were so numerous 
that they seemed to entreat the boys to 
catch them1 and to take them out of     
their crowded quarters4 ,there were bass
 and black suckers1 sunfish and catfish1
 to say nothing of the sweetest of all1 
the big-mouthed redeye4  ,south of the  
house stood a log barn1 with room in it 
for three horses and two cows2 and      
enclosing this barn1 together with a    
piece of ground1 five or six acres in   
extent1 was a palisade fence1 eight or  
ten feet high1 made by driving poles    
into the ground close together4 ,in this
 enclosure the farmer kept his stock1   

consisting of a few sheep and cattle1   
and here also the chickens1 geese1 and  
ducks were driven at nightfall to save  
them from varmints1 as all prowling     
animals were called by the settlers4    
,the man who had built this log hut1 and
 who lived in it and owned the adjoining
 land at the time of which ,i write1    
bore the name of ,balser ,brent4 ,balser
 is probably a corruption of ,baltzer1  
but1 however that may be1 ,balser was   
his name1 and ,balser was the hero of   
the bear stories which ,i am about to   
tell you4  ,mr4 ,brent and his young    
wife had moved to the ,blue ,river      
settlement from ,north ,carolina1 when  
young ,balser was a little boy five or  
six years of age4 ,they had purchased   
the eighty upon which they lived1 from  
the ,united ,states1 at a sale of public
 land held in the town of ,brookville on
 ,whitewater1 and had paid for it what  
was then considered a good round        
sum--one dollar per acre4 ,they had     
received a deed for their eighty from no

 less a person than ,james ,monroe1 then
 ,president of the ,united ,states4     
,this deed1 which is called a patent1   
was written on sheepskin1 signed by the 
,president's own hand1 and is still     
preserved by the descendants of ,mr4    
,brent as one of the title-deeds to the 
land it conveyed4 ,the house1 as ,i have
 told you1 consisted of two large rooms1
 or buildings1 separated by a passageway
 six or eight feet broad which was      
roofed over1 but open at both ends--on  
the north and south4 ,the back room was 
the kitchen1 and the front room was     
parlor1 bedroom1 sitting room and       
library all in one4  ,at the time when  
my story opens ,little ,balser1 as he   
was called to distinguish him from his  
father1 was thirteen or fourteen years  
of age1 and was the happy possessor of a
 younger brother1 ,jim1 aged nine1 and a
 little sister one year old1 of whom he 
was very proud indeed4  ,on the south   
side of the front room was a large      
fireplace4 ,the chimney was built of    

sticks1 thickly covered with clay4 ,the 
fireplace was almost as large as a small
 room in one of our cramped modern      
houses1 and was broad and deep enough to
 take in backlogs which were so large   
and heavy that they could not be lifted1
 but were drawn in at the door and      
rolled over the floor to the fireplace4 
,the prudent father usually kept two    
extra backlogs1 one on each side of the 
fireplace1 ready to be rolled in as the 
blaze died down2 and on these logs the  
children would sit at night1 with a     
rough slate made from a flat stone1 and 
do their ciphering1 as the study of     
arithmetic was then called4 ,the fire   
usually furnished all the light they    
had1 for candles and dips1 being        
expensive luxuries1 were used only when 
company was present4  ,the fire1        
however1 gave sufficient light1 and its 
blaze upon a cold night extended halfway
 up the chimney1 sending a ruddy1 cozy  
glow to every nook and corner of the    
room4  ,the back room was the storehouse

 and kitchen2 and from the beams and    
along the walls hung rich hams and juicy
 sidemeat1 jerked venison1 dried apples1
 onions1 and other provisions for the   
winter4 ,there was a glorious fireplace 
in this room also1 and a crane upon     
which to hang pots and cooking utensils4
  ,the floor of the front room was made 
of logs split in halves with the flat1  
hewn side up2 but the floor of the      
kitchen was of clay1 packed hard and    
smooth4  ,the settlers had no stoves1   
but did their cooking in round pots     
called ,dutch ovens4 ,they roasted their
 meats on a spit or steel bar like the  
ramrod of a gun4 ,the spit was kept     
turning before the fire1 presenting     
first one side of the meat and then the 
other1 until it was thoroughly cooked4  
,turning the spit was the children's    
work4  ,south of the palisade enclosing 
the barn was the clearing--a tract of   
twenty or thirty acres of land1 from    
which ,mr4 ,brent had cut and burned the
 trees4 ,on this clearing the stumps    

stood thick as the hair on an angry     
dog's back2 but the hard-working farmer 
ploughed between and around them1 and   
each year raised upon the fertile soil  
enough wheat and corn to supply the     
wants of his family and his stock1 and  
still had a little grain left to take to
 ,brookville1 sixty miles away1 where he
 had bought his land1 there to exchange 
for such necessities of life as could   
not be grown upon the farm or found in  
the forests4  ,the daily food of the    
family all came from the farm1 the      
forest1 or the creek4 ,their sugar was  
obtained from the sap of the            
sugar-trees2 their meat was supplied in 
the greatest abundance by a few hogs1   
and by the inexhaustible game of which  
the forests were full4 ,in the woods    
were found deer just for the shooting2  
and squirrels1 rabbits1 wild turkeys1   
pheasants1 and quails1 so numerous that 
a few hours' hunting would supply the   
table for days4 ,the fish in the river1 
as ,i told you1 fairly longed to be     

caught4  ,one day ,mrs4 ,brent took down
 the dinner horn and blew upon it two   
strong blasts4 ,this was a signal that  
,little ,balser1 who was helping his    
father down in the clearing1 should come
 to the house4 ,balser was glad enough  
to drop his hoe and to run home4 ,when  
he reached the house his mother said3   
,balser1 go up to the drift and catch a 
mess of fish for dinner4 ,your father is
 tired of deer meat three times a day1  
and ,i know he would like a nice dish of
 fried redeyes at noon4  ,all right1    
mother1 said ,balser4 ,and he           
immediately took down his fishing-pole  
and line1 and got the spade to dig bait4
 ,when he had collected a small gourdful
 of angle-worms1 his mother called to   
him3  ,you had better take a gun4 ,you  
may meet a bear2 your father loaded the 
gun this morning1 and you must be       
careful in handling it4  ,balser took   
the gun1 which was a heavy rifle        
considerably longer than himself1 and   
started up the river toward the drift1  

about a quarter of a mile away4  ,there 
had been rain during the night and the  
ground near the drift was soft4  ,here1 
,little ,balser noticed fresh bear      
tracks1 and his breath began to come    
quickly4 ,you may be sure he peered     
closely into every dark thicket1 and    
looked behind all the large trees and   
logs1 and had his eyes wide open lest   
perchance ,mr4 ,bear should step out and
 surprise him with an affectionate hug1 
and thereby put an end to ,little       
,balser forever4  ,so he walked on      
cautiously1 and1 if the truth must be   
told1 somewhat tremblingly1 until he    
reached the drift4  ,balser was but a   
little fellow1 yet the stern necessities
 of a settler's life had compelled his  
father to teach him the use of a gun2   
and although ,balser had never killed a 
bear1 he had shot several deer1 and upon
 one occasion had killed a wildcat1     
almost as big as a cow1 he said4  ,i    
have no doubt the wildcat seemed almost 
as big as a cow to ,balser when he      

killed it1 for it must have frightened  
him greatly1 as wildcats were sometimes 
dangerous animals for children to       
encounter4 ,although ,balser had never  
met a bear face to face and alone1 yet  
he felt1 and many a time had said1 that 
there wasn't a bear in the world big    
enough to frighten him1 if he but had   
his gun4  ,he had often imagined and    
minutely detailed to his parents and    
little brother just what he would do if 
he should meet a bear4 ,he would wait   
calmly and quietly until his bearship   
should come within a few yards of him1  
and then he would slowly lift his gun4  
,bang6 and ,mr4 ,bear would be dead with
 a bullet in his heart4  ,but when he   
saw the fresh bear tracks1 and began to 
realize that he would probably have an  
opportunity to put his theories about   
bear killing into practice1 he began to 
wonder if1 after all1 he would become   
frightened and miss his aim4 ,then he   
thought of how the bear1 in that case1  
would be calm and deliberate1 and would 

put his theories into practice by       
walking very politely up to him1 and    
making a very satisfactory dinner of a  
certain boy whom he could name4 ,but as 
he walked on and no bear appeared1 his  
courage grew stronger as the prospect of
 meeting the enemy grew less1 and he    
again began saying to himself that no   
bear could frighten him1 because he had 
his gun and he could and would kill it4 
,so ,balser reached the drift2 and      
having looked carefully about him1      
leaned his gun against a tree1 unwound  
his fishing-line from the pole1 and     
walked out to the end of a log which    
extended into the river some twenty or  
thirty feet4  ,here he threw in his     
line1 and soon was so busily engaged    
drawing out sunfish and redeyes1 and now
 and then a bass1 which was hungry      
enough to bite at a worm1 that all      
thought of the bear went out of his     
mind4  ,after he had caught enough fish 
for a sumptuous dinner he bethought him 
of going home1 and as he turned toward  

the shore1 imagine1 if you can1 his     
consternation when he saw upon the bank1
 quietly watching him1 a huge black     
bear4  ,if the wildcat had seemed as    
large as a cow to ,balser1 of what size 
do you suppose that bear appeared8 ,a   
cow6 ,an elephant1 surely1 was small    
compared with the huge black fellow     
standing upon the bank4  ,it is true    
,balser had never seen an elephant1 but 
his father had1 and so had his friend   
,tom ,fox1 who lived down the river2 and
 they all agreed that an elephant was   
purt nigh as big as all outdoors4  ,the 
bear had a peculiar1 determined         
expression about him that seemed to say3
  ,that boy can't get away2 he's out on 
the log where the water is deep1 and if 
he jumps into the river ,i can easily   
jump in after him and catch him before  
he can swim a dozen strokes4 ,he'll have
 to come off the log in a short time1   
and then ,i'll proceed to devour him4   
,about the same train of thought had    
also been rapidly passing through       

,balser's mind4 ,his gun was on the bank
 where he had left it1 and in order to  
reach it he would have to pass the bear4
 ,he dared not jump into the water1 for 
any attempt to escape on his part would 
bring the bear upon him instantly4 ,he  
was very much frightened1 but1 after    
all1 was a cool-headed little fellow for
 his age2 so he concluded that he would 
not press matters1 as the bear did not  
seem inclined to do so1 but so long as  
the bear remained watching him on the   
bank would stay upon the log where he   
was1 and allow the enemy to eye him to  
his heart's content4  ,there they stood1
 the boy and the bear1 each eyeing the  
other as though they were the best of   
friends1 and would like to eat each     
other1 which1 in fact1 was literally    
true4  ,time sped very slowly for one of
 them1 you may be sure2 and it seemed to
 ,balser that he had been standing      
almost an age in the middle of ,blue    
,river on that wretched shaking log1    
when he heard his mother's dinner horn1 

reminding him that it was time to go    
home4  ,balser quite agreed with his    
mother and gladly would he have gone1 ,i
 need not tell you2 but there stood the 
bear1 patient1 determined1 and fierce2  
and ,little ,balser soon was convinced  
in his mind that his time had come to   
die4  ,he hoped that when his father    
should go home to dinner and find him   
still absent1 he would come up the river
 in search of him1 and frighten away the
 bear4 ,hardly had this hope sprung up  
in his mind1 when it seemed that the    
same thought had also occurred to the   
bear1 for he began to move down toward  
the shore end of the log upon which     
,balser was standing4  ,slowly came the 
bear until he reached the end of the    
log1 which for a moment he examined     
suspiciously1 and then1 to ,balser's    
great alarm1 cautiously stepped out upon
 it and began to walk toward him4       
,balser thought of the folks at home1   
and1 above all1 of his baby sister2 and 
when he felt that he should never see   

them again1 and that they would in all  
probability never know of his fate1 he  
began to grow heavy-hearted and was     
almost paralyzed with fear4  ,on came   
the bear1 putting one great paw in front
 of the other1 and watching ,balser     
intently with his little black eyes4    
,his tongue hung out1 and his great red 
mouth was open to its widest1 showing   
the sharp1 long1 glittering teeth that  
would soon be feasting on a first-class 
boy dinner4  ,when the bear got within a
 few feet of ,balser--so close he could 
almost feel the animal's hot breath as  
it slowly approached--the boy grew      
desperate with fear1 and struck at the  
bear with the only weapon he had--his   
string of fish4  ,now1 bears love fish  
and blackberries above all other food2  
so when ,balser's string of fish struck 
the bear in the mouth1 he grabbed at    
them1 and in doing so lost his foothold 
on the slippery log and fell into the   
water with a great splash and plunge4   
,this was ,balser's chance for life1 so 

he flung the fish to the bear1 and ran  
for the bank with a speed worthy of the 
cause4  ,when he reached the bank his   
self-confidence returned1 and he        
remembered all the things he had said he
 would do if he should meet a bear4     
,the bear had caught the fish1 and again
 had climbed upon the log1 where he was 
deliberately devouring them4  ,this was 
,little ,balser's chance for death--to  
the bear4 ,quickly snatching up the gun1
 he rested it in the fork of a small    
tree near by1 took deliberate aim at the
 bear1 which was not five yards away1   
and shot him through the heart4 ,the    
bear dropped into the water dead1 and   
floated downstream a little way1 where  
he lodged at a ripple a short distance  
below4  ,balser1 after he had killed the
 bear1 became more frightened than he   
had been at any time during the         
adventure1 and ran home screaming4 ,that
 afternoon his father went to the scene 
of battle and took the bear out of the  
water4 ,it was very fat and large1 and  

weighed1 so ,mr4 ,brent said1 over six  
hundred pounds4  ,balser was firmly of  
the opinion that he himself was also    
very fat and large1 and weighed at least
 as much as the bear4 ,he was certainly 
entitled to feel big2 for he had got    
himself out of an ugly scrape in a      
brave1 manly1 and cool-headed manner1   
and had achieved a victory of which a   
man might have been proud4  ,the news of
 ,balser's adventure soon spread among  
the neighbors and he became quite a     
hero2 for the bear he had killed was one
 of the largest that had ever been seen 
in that neighborhood1 and1 besides the  
gallons of rich bear oil it yielded1    
there were three or four hundred pounds 
of bear meat2 and no other food is more 
strengthening for winter diet4  ,there  
was also the soft1 furry skin1 which    
,balser's mother tanned1 and with it    
made a coverlid for ,balser's bed1 under
 which he and his little brother lay    
many a cold night1 cozy and snug as a   
bug in a rug4    #che          ,the     

selection that follows may serve as an  
example of an effective ,christmas story
 in the         latest fashion4 ,it was 
not written especially         for young
 people1 but neither were many of the   
books that now stand on the shelf that  
holds         their favorites4 ,it is   
not only one of the         great short 
stories1 but one of the shortest of     
great-stories4 ,it is quite worthy of   
use in         company with ,dickens'   
,christmas ,carol1 ,henry         van   
,dyke's ,the ,other ,wise ,man1 and     
,thomas         ,nelson ,page's ,santa  
,claus's ,partner1 at the               
,christmas season1 and it has the       
advantages of         extreme brevity1 a
 fresh breeziness of style1             
surprise in the plot1 and romantic      
interest4         ,the magi brought     
various gifts to the ,child in          
the manger--gold1 frankincense1         
myrrh--but only         one gift1 that  
of love4 ,o4 ,henry does not often      
moralize1 but no reader ever finds fault

 with         his concluding paragraph4 
,the author's real         name was     
,william ,sidney ,porter4 ,he was born  
in         ,greensboro1 ,n4 ,c41 in     
#ahfb1 and died in ,new         ,york   
,city1 in #aiaj1 the most widely read of
         short-story writers4 ,the ,gift
 of the ,magi is         taken from the 
volume called ,the ,four ,million       
by special arrangement with the         
publishers4         7,copyright1        
,doubleday1 ,page  ,co4 ,new ,york47    
,,the ,,gift ,,of ,,the ,,magi  ,o4     
,,henry  ,one dollar and eighty-seven   
cents4 ,that was all4 ,and sixty cents  
of it was in pennies4 ,pennies saved one
 and two at a time by bulldozing the    
grocer and the vegetable man and the    
butcher until one's cheeks burned with  
the silent imputation of parsimony that 
such close dealing implied4 ,three times
 ,della counted it4 ,one dollar and     
eighty-seven cents4 ,and the next day   
would be ,christmas4  ,there was clearly
 nothing to do but flop down on the     

shabby little couch and howl4 ,so ,della
 did it4 ,which instigates the moral    
reflection that life is made up of sobs1
 sniffles1 and smiles1 with sniffles    
predominating4  ,while the mistress of  
the home is gradually subsiding from the
 first stage to the second1 take a look 
at the home4 ,a furnished flat at #h4jj 
per week4 ,it did not exactly beggar    
description1 but it certainly had that  
word on the lookout for the mendicancy  
squad4  ,in the vestibule below was a   
letter-box into which no letter would   
go1 and an electric button from which no
 mortal finger could coax a ring4 ,also 
appertaining thereunto was a card       
bearing the name ,mr4 ,james ,dillingham
 ,young4  ,the ,dillingham had been     
flung to the breeze during a former     
period of prosperity when its possessor 
was being paid #cj per week4 ,now1 when 
the income was shrunk to #bj1 the       
letters of ,dillingham looked blurred1  
as though they were thinking seriously  
of contracting to a modest and          

unassuming ,d4 ,but whenever ,mr4 ,james
 ,dillingham ,young came home and       
reached his flat above he was called    
,jim and greatly hugged by ,mrs4 ,james 
,dillingham ,young1 already introduced  
to you as ,della4 ,which is all very    
good4  ,della finished her cry and      
attended to her cheeks with the powder  
rag4 ,she stood by the window and looked
 out dully at a grey cat walking a grey 
fence in a grey backyard4 ,tomorrow     
would be ,christmas ,day1 and she had   
only #a4hg with which to buy ,jim a     
present4 ,she had been saving every     
penny she could for months1 with this   
result4 ,twenty dollars a week doesn't  
go far4 ,expenses had been greater than 
she had calculated4 ,they always are4   
,only #a4hg to buy a present for ,jim4  
,her ,jim4 ,many a happy hour she had   
spent planning for something nice for   
him4 ,something fine and rare and       
sterling--something just a little bit   
near to being worthy of the honor of    
being owned by ,jim4  ,there was a      

pier-glass between the windows of the   
room4 ,perhaps you have seen a          
pier-glass in an #h4jj flat4 ,a very    
thin and very agile person may1 by      
observing his reflection in a rapid     
sequence of longitudinal strips1 obtain 
a fairly accurate conception of his     
looks4 ,della1 being slender1 had       
mastered the art4  ,suddenly she whirled
 from the window and stood before the   
glass4 ,her eyes were shining           
brilliantly1 but her face had lost its  
color within twenty seconds4 ,rapidly   
she pulled down her hair and let it fall
 to its full length4  ,now1 there were  
two possessions of the ,james           
,dillingham ,youngs in which they both  
took a mighty pride4 ,one was ,jim's    
gold watch that had been his father's   
and his grandfather's4 ,the other was   
,della's hair4 ,had the ,queen of ,sheba
 lived in the flat across the airshaft1 
,della would have let her hair hang out 
the window some day to dry just to      
depreciate ,her ,majesty's jewels and   

gifts4 ,had ,king ,solomon been the     
janitor1 with all his treasures piled up
 in the basement1 ,jim would have pulled
 out his watch every time he passed1    
just to see him pluck at his beard from 
envy4  ,so now ,della's beautiful hair  
fell about her1 rippling and shining    
like a cascade of brown waters4 ,it     
reached below her knee and made itself  
almost a garment for her4 ,and then she 
did it up again nervously and quickly4  
,once she faltered for a minute and     
stood still while a tear or two splashed
 on the worn red carpet4  ,on went her  
old brown jacket2 on went her old brown 
hat4 ,with a whirl of skirts and with   
the brilliant sparkle still in her eyes1
 she fluttered out the door and down the
 stairs to the street4  ,where she      
stopped the sign read3 ,mme4 ,sofronie4 
,hair ,goods of ,all ,kinds4 ,one flight
 up ,della ran1 and collected herself1  
panting4 ,madame1 large1 too white1     
chilly1 hardly looked the ,sofronie4    
,will you buy my hair8 asked ,della4  ,i

 buy hair1 said ,madame4 ,take yer hat  
off and let's have a sight at the looks 
of it4  ,down rippled the brown cascade4
  ,twenty dollars1 said ,madame1 lifting
 the mass with a practised hand4  ,give 
it to me quick1 said ,della4  ,oh1 and  
the next two hours tripped by on rosy   
wings4 ,forget the hashed metaphor4 ,she
 was ransacking the stores for ,jim's   
present4  ,she found it at last4 ,it    
surely had been made for ,jim and no one
 else4 ,there was no other like it in   
any of the stores1 and she had turned   
all of them inside out4 ,it was a       
platinum fob chain simple and chaste in 
design1 properly proclaiming its value  
by substance alone and not by           
meretricious ornamentation--as all good 
things should do4 ,it was even worthy of
 ,the ,watch4 ,as soon as she saw it she
 knew that it must be ,jim's4 ,it was   
like him4 ,quietness and value--the     
description applied to both4 ,twenty-one
 dollars they took from her for it1 and 
she hurried home with the #hg cents4    

,with that chain on his watch ,jim might
 be properly anxious about the time in  
any company4 ,grand as the watch was1 he
 sometimes looked at it on the sly on   
account of the old leather strap that he
 used in place of a chain4  ,when ,della
 reached home her intoxication gave way 
a little to prudence and reason4 ,she   
got out her curling irons and lighted   
the gas and went to work repairing the  
ravages made by generosity added to     
love4 ,which is always a tremendous     
task1 dear friends--a mammoth task4     
,within forty minutes her head was      
covered with tiny1 close-lying curls    
that made her look wonderfully like a   
truant schoolboy4 ,she looked at her    
reflection in the mirror long1          
carefully1 and critically4  ,if ,jim    
doesn't kill me1 she said to herself1   
before he takes a second look at me1    
he'll say ,i look like a ,coney ,island 
chorus girl4 ,but what could ,i do--oh6 
what could ,i do with a dollar and      
eighty-seven cents8  ,at #g o'clock the 

coffee was made and the frying pan was  
on the back of the stove hot and ready  
to cook the chops4  ,jim was never late4
 ,della doubled the fob chain in her    
hand and sat on the corner of the table 
near the door that he always entered4   
,then she heard his step on the stair   
away down on the first flight1 and she  
turned white for just a moment4 ,she had
 a habit of saying little silent prayers
 about the simplest everyday things1 and
 now she whispered2 ,please ,god1 make  
him think ,i am still pretty4  ,the door
 opened and ,jim stepped in and closed  
it4 ,he looked thin and very serious4   
,poor fellow1 he was only               
twenty-two--and to be burdened with a   
family6 ,he needed a new overcoat and he
 was without gloves4  ,jim stopped      
inside the door1 as immovable as a      
setter at the scent of quail4 ,his eyes 
were fixed upon ,della1 and there was an
 expression in them that she could not  
read1 and it terrified her4 ,it was not 
anger1 nor surprise1 nor disapproval1   

nor horror1 nor any of the sentiments   
that she had been prepared for4 ,he     
simply stared at her fixedly with that  
peculiar expression on his face4  ,della
 wriggled off the table and went for    
him4  ,jim1 darling1 she cried1 don't   
look at me that way4 ,i had my hair cut 
off and sold it because ,i couldn't have
 lived through ,christmas without giving
 you a present4 ,it'll grow out         
again--you won't mind1 will you8 ,i just
 had to do it4 ,my hair grows awfully   
fast4 ,say ',merry ,christmas6' ,jim1   
and let's be happy4 ,you don't know what
 a nice--what a beautiful1 nice gift    
,i've got for you4  ,you've cut off your
 hair8 asked ,jim1 laboriously1 as if he
 had not arrived at that patent fact yet
 even after the hardest mental labor4   
,cut it off and sold it1 said ,della4   
,don't you like me just as well1 anyhow8
 ,i'm me without my hair1 ain't ,i8     
,jim looked about the room curiously4   
,you say your hair is gone8 he said1    
with an air almost of idiocy4  ,you     

needn't look for it1 said ,della4 ,it's 
sold1 ,i tell you--sold and gone1 too4  
,it's ,christmas ,eve1 boy4 ,be good to 
me1 for it went for you4 ,maybe the     
hairs of my head were numbered1 she went
 on with a sudden serious sweetness1 but
 nobody could ever count my love for    
you4 ,shall ,i put the chops on1 ,jim8  
,out of his trance ,jim seemed quickly  
to wake4 ,he enfolded his ,della4 ,for  
ten seconds let us regard with discreet 
scrutiny some inconsequential object in 
the other direction4 ,eight dollars a   
week or a million a year--what is the   
difference8 ,a mathematician or a wit   
would give you the wrong answer4 ,the   
magi brought valuable gifts1 but that   
was not among them4 ,this dark assertion
 will be illuminated later on4  ,jim    
drew a package from his overcoat pocket 
and threw it upon the table4  ,don't    
make any mistake1 ,dell1 he said1 about 
me4 ,i don't think there's anything in  
the way of a haircut or a shave or a    
shampoo that could make me like my girl 

any less4 ,but if you'll unwrap that    
package you may see why you had me going
 a while at first4  ,white fingers and  
nimble tore at the string and paper4    
,and then an ecstatic scream of joy2 and
 then1 alas6 a quick feminine change to 
hysterical tears and wails1             
necessitating the immediate employment  
of all the comforting powers of the lord
 of the flat4  ,for there lay ,the      
,combs--the set of combs1 side and back1
 that ,della had worshipped for long in 
a ,broadway window4 ,beautiful combs1   
pure tortoise shell1 with jewelled      
rims--just the shade to wear in the     
beautiful vanished hair4 ,they were     
expensive combs1 she knew1 and her heart
 had simply craved and yearned over them
 without the least hope of possession4  
,and now1 they were hers1 but the       
tresses that should have adorned the    
coveted adornments were gone4  ,but she 
hugged them to her bosom1 and at length 
she was able to look up with dim eyes   
and a smile and say3 ,my hair grows so  

fast1 ,jim6  ,and then ,della leaped up 
like a little singed cat and cried1 ,oh1
 oh6  ,jim had not yet seen his         
beautiful present4 ,she held it out to  
him eagerly upon her open palm4 ,the    
dull precious metal seemed to flash with
 a reflection of her bright and ardent  
spirit4  ,isn't it a dandy1 ,jim8 ,i    
hunted all over town to find it4 ,you'll
 have to look at the time a hundred     
times a day now4 ,give me your watch4 ,i
 want to see how it looks on it4        
,instead of obeying1 ,jim tumbled down  
on the couch and put his hands under the
 back of his head and smiled4  ,dell1   
said he1 let's put our ,christmas       
presents away and keep 'em a while4     
,they're too nice to use just at        
present4 ,i sold the watch to get the   
money to buy your combs4 ,and now       
suppose you put the chops on4  ,the     
magi1 as you know1 were wise            
men--wonderfully wise men--who brought  
gifts to the ,babe in the manger4 ,they 
invented the art of giving ,christmas   

presents4 ,being wise1 their gifts were 
no doubt wise ones1 possibly bearing the
 privilege of exchange in case of       
duplication4 ,and here ,i have lamely   
related to you the uneventful chronicle 
of two foolish children in a flat who   
most unwisely sacrificed for each other 
the greatest treasures of their house4  
,but in a last word to the wise of these
 days let it be said that of all who    
give gifts these two were the wisest4   
,of all who give and receive gifts1 such
 as they are wisest4 ,everywhere they   
are wisest4 ,they are the magi4         
,,section ,,ix  ,,nature ,,literature   
,,bibliography    ,andrews1 ,jane1 ,the 
,stories ,mother ,nature ,told ,her     
,children4    ,atkinson1 ,eleanor ,s41  
,greyfriars ,bobby4    ,bertelli1       
,luigi1 ,the ,prince and ,his ,ants4    
,brown1 ,dr4 ,john1 ,rab and ,his       
,friends4    ,bullen1 ,frank1 ,the      
,cruise of the ,cachelot4    ,burgess1  
,thornton ,w41 ,old ,mother ,west ,wind 
,stories4    ,burroughs1 ,john1         

,squirrels and ,other ,fur ,bearers4    
,wake ,robin4    ,chapman1 ,william ,g41
 ,green-,timber ,trails3 ,wild ,animal  
,stories       of the ,upper ,fur       
,country4    ,ford1 ,sewell1 ,horses    
,nine4    ,hawkes1 ,clarence1           
,shaggycoat4    ,hudson1 ,w4 ,h41 ,a    
,little ,boy ,lost4    ,jordan1 ,david  
,starr1 ,science ,sketches4    ,kellogg1
 ,vernon ,l41 ,insect ,stories4 ,nuova1 
the ,new ,bee4    ,kingsley1 ,charles1  
,madame ,how and ,lady ,why4            
,kipling1 ,rudyard1 ,just-,so ,stories4 
,the ,jungle ,book 7,two       ,series74
    ,london1 ,jack1 ,the ,call of the   
,wild4    ,long1 ,william ,j41          
,wood-,folk ,comedies4 ,a ,little       
,brother to       the ,bear4    ,miller1
 ,joaquin1 ,true ,bear ,stories4        
,miller1 ,olive ,thorne1 ,the           
,children's ,book of ,birds4    ,mills1 
,enos ,a41 ,scotch4 ,the ,thousand ,year
 ,old ,pine4    ,muir1 ,john1 ,stickeen4
 ,our ,national ,parks4    ,ollivant1   
,alfred1 ,bob1 ,son of ,battle4         

,ouida 7,louisa de la ,ramee71          
,moufflou4 ,the ,dog of ,flanders4      
,paine1 ,albert ,bigelow1 ,hollow-,tree 
,nights and ,days4 ,arkansaw            
,bear4    ,potter1 ,beatrix1 ,peter     
,rabbit4 ,benjamin ,bunny4    ,roberts1 
,charles ,g4 ,d41 ,kings in ,exile4     
,children of the ,wild4    ,saunders1   
,marshall1 ,beautiful ,joe4    ,segur1  
,sophie1 ,comtesse de1 ,the ,story of a 
,donkey4    ,seton1 ,ernest ,thompson1  
,wild ,animals at ,home4 ,the ,biography
 of       a ,grizzly4    ,sewell1 ,anna1
 ,black ,beauty4    ,sharp1 ,dallas     
,lore1 ,beyond the ,pasture ,bars4 ,a   
,watcher in the       ,woods4           
,terhune1 ,albert ,payson1 ,lad3 ,a     
,dog4    ,thoreau1 ,henry ,david1 ,a    
,week on the ,concord and ,merrimac     
,rivers4    ,walton1 ,izaak1 ,the       
,compleat ,angler4    ,white1 ,gilbert1 
,the ,natural ,history of ,selborne4    
,the three books that stand at the end  
of this         brief list are probably 
not ones that any         teacher would 

recommend indiscriminately to           
pupils of the grades4 ,they are the     
greatest of         the classic books in
 nature literature and1 in         a    
way1 constitute the goal of nature      
lovers4     ,,section ,,ix4 ,,nature    
,,literature  ,,introductory   ,what it 
is4 ,in recent years teachers have heard
 much talk about nature study in the    
grades4 ,the demand for this study has  
led publishers to print many so-called  
nature books that have neither          
scientific fact nor literary worth to   
justify their existence4 ,confusion may 
be avoided and time may be saved if     
teachers will remember that nature      
literature1 as here defined1 is a form  
of literature1 and that its purpose     
therefore is primarily to present truth 
7not necessarily facts7 in an           
entertaining way4  ,the selections in   
this section are not intended to furnish
 material for a scientific study of     
nature4 ,they are nature literature4    
,some of them present scientific facts  

that add to the literary worth by making
 the stories more entertaining1 but the 
selections are given because they       
illustrate various types of nature      
literature and the work of famous       
writers of nature literature1 not       
because they present scientific facts4  
,some types of nature literature4 ,one  
of the oldest forms of nature literature
 is the beast tale in which animals are 
represented as talking and acting like  
human beings4 ,stories of this type     
entertain while they reveal the general 
nature of various kinds of animals4     
,fables should not be called nature     
literature1 because their chief purpose 
is to criticize the follies of human    
beings4 ,some of the ,negro folk tales  
that ,joel ,chandler ,harris collected  
are nature literature of this type4     
,beast tales1 however1 are not all old4 
,stories by such modern authors as      
,thornton ,w4 ,burgess and ,albert      
,bigelow ,paine1 who are represented in 
this section1 may be called beast tales4

 ,they are popular in the primary       
grades4  ,another type of nature        
literature1 quite different from that   
just discussed1 has been produced during
 the last century by students of nature 
who endeavor to hold strictly to facts  
in their writing4 ,this may be called   
realistic nature literature4 ,henry     
,thoreau1 ,john ,burroughs1 ,olive      
,thorne ,miller1 and ,dallas ,lore      
,sharp may be mentioned as writers of   
this kind of literature4 ,as we read    
their books1 we usually feel that they  
are endeavoring to relate incidents as  
they actually occurred4 ,also we        
recognize that they are great students  
of nature1 for they perceive details    
that we might not notice and they draw  
or suggest conclusions that we may      
accept as true1 although we might never 
think of drawing the conclusions4       
,nature literature of this kind may be  
no less entertaining than fairy tales1  
for it may1 in a pleasing way1 reveal   
wonders in nature4 ,the selections by   

,dallas ,lore ,sharp and ,olive ,thorne 
,miller in this section are of this     
kind4 ,most of the writings of ,henry   
,thoreau and ,john ,burroughs are in a  
style too difficult for pupils in the   
grades4  ,a third type may be called    
nature romance4 ,its purpose is both to 
entertain and to awaken sympathy and    
love for animals4 ,stories of this kind1
 like other romances1 idealize the      
characters and may have a strong appeal 
to the emotions4 ,of the stories in this
 section1 we may classify as nature     
romance ,beatrix ,potter's ,peter       
,rabbit1 ,sewell ,ford's ,pasha1 the    
,son of ,selim1 ,ouida's ,moufflou1 and 
,rudyard ,kipling's ,moti               
,guj--,mutineer4  ,a fourth kind of     
nature literature1 sometimes called     
nature fiction1 has been developed      
within the last quarter of a century and
 is already recognized as excellent4    
,the plot is created by the author1     
although it may be based on fact1 and   
usually is simple and rambling4 ,one    

purpose of these stories is to show     
truly how animals live and act1 just as 
one purpose of a novel or typical short 
story is to show truly how people live  
and act4 ,if the author is a skillful   
story-teller and a good student of      
nature1 the story may make the reader   
feel that he has become acquainted with 
a particular kind of animal and even    
with an individual animal4 ,for example1
 the story ,last ,bull1 by ,charles ,g4 
,d4 ,roberts1 has an effect on the      
reader not entirely unlike that of one  
of ,cooper's ,leatherstocking ,tales4   
,prominent among the authors of this    
very interesting and instructive form of
 literature may be mentioned ,charles   
,g4 ,d4 ,roberts1 ,ernest ,thompson     
,seton1 ,william ,j4 ,long1 and ,dallas 
,lore ,sharp4  ,its place in the grades4
 ,nature literature seems to have a     
place of increasing importance in       
schools1 especially in grades above the 
third4 ,many excellent books of what we 
have called the fiction type and the    

realistic type have a charming spirit of
 outdoor life and adventure that makes  
them pleasing substitutes for the       
objectionable dime novel4 ,one should   
not assume that these nature stories    
would be of less interest and value to  
the country child than to the city      
child4 ,too often country children have 
not been taught to think of animals as  
little brothers of the field and the    
air4 ,these nature stories1 without any 
spirit of preaching or moralizing1 show 
children how to enjoy nature1 whether it
 be in the country or the city4 ,they   
teach the child to form habits of       
observation that encourage healthful    
recreation4 ,a boy who has understood   
the spirit of ,roberts1 ,seton1 and     
,sharp is not likely to find the village
 poolroom attractive4 ,nature           
literature1 however1 need not be taught 
merely for moral and practical purposes1
 for it has come to be literature of    
artistic worth1 and as such it has      
earned a place among other kinds of     

literature for children4   ,,suggestions
 ,,for ,,reading          ,a good       
summary article is ,the ,rise of the    
,nature ,writers1 by ,f4 ,w4 ,halsey1 in
 ,review of         ,reviews1 ,vol4     
,,xxvi1 p4 #efg 7,november1 #aijb74     
,the most valuable critical article is  
,the         ,literary ,treatment of    
,nature in ,john         ,burroughs1    
,ways of ,nature 7also in ,atlantic     
,monthly1 ,vol4 ,,xciv1 p4 #ch ,july1   
#aijd74 ,in         the violent         
controversy about nature-faking         
which raged some years ago1 two articles
 will         give clearly the positions
 of the contending         parties3     
first1 the attack by ,john ,burroughs in
         ,real and ,sham ,natural       
,history1 ,atlantic         ,monthly1   
,vol4 ,,xci1 p4 #bih 7,march1 #aijc71   
and1         second1 the reply to       
,burroughs by ,william ,j4         ,long
 in ,the ,school of ,nature ,study and  
,its         ,critics1 ,north ,american 
,review1 ,vol4 ,,clxxvi1         p4 #fhh

 7,may1 #aijc74    #chf          ,one of
 the most popular series for very young 
children is that known as the ,peter    
,rabbit         ,books after the        
favorite hero of the early              
tales4 ,the author is ,beatrix ,potter1 
an         ,englishwoman4 ,in plan these
 little books         resemble the      
toy-books of the eighteenth             
century in having a bit of text on the  
left-hand page face a picture on the    
right4 ,the         entire text of ,the 
,tale of ,peter ,rabbit is              
given1 but of course text and pictures  
are so         completely one that much 
is lost by separating         them4     
,children should meet ,peter ,rabbit    
before         their school days begin4 
,,the ,,tale ,,of ,,peter ,,rabbit      
,,beatrix ,,potter  ,once upon a time   
there were four little ,rabbits1 and    
their names were ,flopsy1 ,mopsy1       
,cotton-tail1 and ,peter4  ,they lived  
with their mother in a sand bank1       
underneath the root of a very big fir   

tree4  ,now1 my dears1 said old ,mrs4   
,rabbit one morning1 you may go into the
 fields or down the lane1 but don't go  
into ,mr4 ,mc,gregor's garden4 ,your    
father had an accident there2 he was put
 in a pie by ,mrs4 ,mc,gregor4 ,now run 
along1 and don't get into mischief4 ,i  
am going out4  ,then old ,mrs4 ,rabbit  
took a basket and her umbrella1 and went
 through the wood to the baker's4 ,she  
bought a loaf of brown bread and five   
currant buns4  ,flopsy1 ,mopsy1 and     
,cotton-tail1 who were good little      
bunnies1 went down the lane to gather   
blackberries2 but ,peter1 who was very  
naughty1 ran straight to ,mr4           
,mc,gregor's garden1 and squeezed under 
the gate4  ,first he ate some lettuces  
and some ,french beans2 and then he ate 
some radishes2 and then1 feeling rather 
sick1 he went to look for some parsley4 
,but round the end of a cucumber frame1 
whom should he meet but ,mr4 ,mc,gregor6
  ,mr4 ,mc,gregor was on his hands and  
knees planting out young cabbages1 but  

he jumped up and ran after ,peter1      
waving a rake and calling out1 ,stop    
thief6  ,peter was most dreadfully      
frightened2 he rushed all over the      
garden1 for he had forgotten the way    
back to the gate4  ,he lost one of his  
shoes amongst the cabbages1 and the     
other shoe amongst the potatoes4  ,after
 losing them1 he ran on four legs and   
went faster1 so that ,i think he might  
have got away altogether if he had not  
unfortunately run into a gooseberry net1
 and got caught by the large buttons on 
his jacket4 ,it was a blue jacket with  
brass buttons1 quite new4  ,peter gave  
himself up for lost1 and shed big tears2
 but his sobs were overheard by some    
friendly sparrows1 who flew to him in   
great excitement1 and implored him to   
exert himself4  ,mr4 ,mc,gregor came up 
with a sieve1 which he intended to pop  
upon the top of ,peter2 but ,peter      
wriggled out just in time1 leaving his  
jacket behind him1 and rushed into the  
tool-shed1 and jumped into a can4 ,it   

would have been a beautiful thing to    
hide in1 if it had not had so much water
 in it4  ,mr4 ,mc,gregor was quite sure 
that ,peter was somewhere in the        
tool-shed1 perhaps hidden underneath a  
flower-pot4 ,he began to turn them over 
carefully1 looking under each4          
,presently ,peter sneezed--,kerty-schoo6
 ,mr4 ,mc,gregor was after him in no    
time1 and tried to put his foot upon    
,peter1 who jumped out of a window1     
upsetting three plants4 ,the window was 
too small for ,mr4 ,mc,gregor1 and he   
was tired of running after ,peter4 ,he  
went back to his work4  ,peter sat down 
to rest2 he was out of breath and       
trembling with fright1 and he had not   
the least idea which way to go4 ,also he
 was very damp with sitting in that can4
  ,after a time he began to wander      
about1 going lippity--lippity--not very 
fast1 and looking all around4  ,he found
 a door in a wall2 but it was locked1   
and there was no room for a fat little  
rabbit to squeeze underneath4  ,an old  

mouse was running in and out over the   
stone doorstep1 carrying peas and beans 
to her family in the wood4 ,peter asked 
her the way to the gate1 but she had    
such a large pea in her mouth that she  
could not answer4 ,she only shook her   
head at him4 ,peter began to cry4  ,then
 he tried to find his way straight      
across the garden1 but he became more   
and more puzzled4 ,presently1 he came to
 a pond where ,mr4 ,mc,gregor filled his
 water-cans4 ,a white cat was staring at
 some goldfish2 she sat very1 very      
still1 but now and then the tip of her  
tail twitched as if it were alive4      
,peter thought it best to go away       
without speaking to her2 he had heard   
about cats from his cousin1 little      
,benjamin ,bunny4  ,he went back towards
 the tool-shed1 but suddenly1 quite     
close to him1 he heard the noise of a   
hoe1--scr-r-ritch scratch1 scratch1     
scritch4 ,peter scuttered underneath the
 bushes4 ,but presently1 as nothing     
happened1 he came out1 and climbed upon 

a wheelbarrow and peeped over4 ,the     
first thing he saw was ,mr4 ,mc,gregor  
hoeing onions4 ,his back was turned     
towards ,peter1 and beyond him was the  
gate6  ,peter got down very quietly off 
the wheelbarrow1 and started running as 
fast as he could go1 along a straight   
walk behind some black currant-bushes4  
,mr4 ,mc,gregor caught sight of him at  
the corner1 but ,peter did not care4 ,he
 slipped underneath the gate1 and was   
safe at last in the wood outside the    
garden4  ,mr4 ,mc,gregor hung up the    
little jacket and the shoes for a       
scare-crow to frighten the blackbirds4  
,peter never stopped running or looked  
behind him till he got home to the big  
fir-tree4  ,he was so tired that he     
flopped down upon the nice soft sand on 
the floor of the rabbit-hole1 and shut  
his eyes4 ,his mother was busy cooking2 
she wondered what he had done with his  
clothes4 ,it was the second little      
jacket and a pair of shoes that ,peter  
had lost in a fortnight6  ,i am sorry to

 say that ,peter was not very well      
during the evening4  ,his mother put him
 to bed1 and made some camomile tea2 and
 she gave a doze of it to ,peter6  ,one 
table-spoonful to be taken at bed-time4 
,but ,flopsy1 ,mopsy1 and ,cotton-tail  
had bread and milk and blackberries for 
supper4    #chg          ,the next      
selection illustrates well the kind of  
stories in the ,bedtime ,story series of
 twenty         volumes by ,thornton    
,waldo ,burgess 7#ahgd--74 ,the         
books of this series are entitled       
,adventures         of ,johnny ,chuck1  
,adventures of ,buster ,bear1           
,adventures of ,ol' ,mistah ,buzzard1   
etc4 ,these         books and the ,old  
,mother ,west ,wind series of           
eight volumes by the same author are    
enjoyed by         children in the      
second and third grades4 ,mr4           
,burgess is an ,american author who has 
been         editor of several ,american
 magazines4 7,the         following     
selection is from ,old ,mother ,west    

,wind1 by permission of the publishers1 
,little1         ,brown  ,co41 ,boston47
   ,,johnny ,,chuck ,,finds ,,the ,,best
 ,,thing ,,in ,,the ,,world  ,,thornton 
,w4 ,,burgess  ,old ,mother ,west ,wind 
had stopped to talk with the ,slender   
,fir ,tree4  ,i've just come across the 
,green ,meadows1 said ,old ,mother ,west
 ,wind1 and there ,i saw the ,best      
,thing in the ,world4  ,striped         
,chipmunk was sitting under the ,slender
 ,fir ,tree and he couldn't help hearing
 what ,old ,mother ,west ,wind said4    
,the ,best ,thing in the ,world--now    
what can that be8 thought ,striped      
,chipmunk4 ,why1 it must be heaps and   
heaps of nuts and acorns6 ,i'll go and  
find it4  ,so ,striped ,chipmunk started
 down the ,lone ,little ,path through   
the wood as fast as he could run4       
,pretty soon he met ,peter ,rabbit4     
,where are you going in such a hurry1   
,striped ,chipmunk8 asked ,peter        
,rabbit4  ,down in the ,green ,meadows  
to find the ,best ,thing in the ,world1 

replied ,striped ,chipmunk1 and ran     
faster4  ,the ,best ,thing in the       
,world1 said ,peter ,rabbit1 why1 that  
must be a great pile of carrots and     
cabbage6 ,i think ,i'll go and find it4 
,so ,peter ,rabbit started down the     
,lone ,little ,path through the wood as 
fast as he could go after ,striped      
,chipmunk4  ,as they passed the great   
hollow tree ,bobby ,coon put his head   
out4 ,where are you going in such a     
hurry8 asked ,bobby ,coon4  ,down in the
 ,green ,meadows to find the ,best      
,thing in the ,world6 shouted ,striped  
,chipmunk and ,peter ,rabbit1 and both  
began to run faster4  ,the ,best ,thing 
in the ,world1 said ,bobby ,coon to     
himself1 why1 that must be a whole field
 of sweet milky corn6 ,i think ,i'll go 
and find it4  ,so ,bobby ,coon climbed  
down out of the great hollow tree and   
started down the ,lone ,little ,path    
through the wood as fast as he could go 
after ,striped ,chipmunk and ,peter     
,rabbit1 for there is nothing that      

,bobby ,coon likes to eat so well as    
sweet milky corn4  ,at the edge of the  
wood they met ,jimmy ,skunk4  ,where are
 you going in such a hurry8 asked ,jimmy
 ,skunk4  ,down in the ,green ,meadows  
to find the ,best ,thing in the ,world6 
shouted ,striped ,chipmunk and ,peter   
,rabbit and ,bobby ,coon4 ,then they all
 tried to run faster4  ,the ,best ,thing
 in the ,world1 said ,jimmy ,skunk4     
,why1 that must be packs and packs of   
beetles6 ,and for once in his life      
,jimmy ,skunk began to hurry down the   
,lone ,little ,path after ,striped      
,chipmunk and ,peter ,rabbit and ,bobby 
,coon4  ,they were all running so fast  
that they didn't see ,reddy ,fox until  
he jumped out of the long grass and     
asked3  ,where are you going in such a  
hurry8  ,to find the ,best ,thing in the
 ,world6 shouted ,striped ,chipmunk and 
,peter ,rabbit and ,bobby ,coon and     
,jimmy ,skunk1 and each did his best to 
run faster4  ,the ,best ,thing in the   
,world1 said ,reddy ,fox to himself4    

,why1 that must be a whole pen full of  
tender young chickens1 and ,i must have 
them4  ,so away went ,reddy ,fox as fast
 as he could run down the ,lone ,little 
,path after ,striped ,chipmunk1 ,peter  
,rabbit1 ,bobby ,coon and ,jimmy ,skunk4
  ,by and by they all came to the house 
of ,johnny ,chuck4  ,where are you going
 in such a hurry8 asked ,johnny ,chuck4 
,to find the ,best ,thing in the ,world1
 shouted ,striped ,chipmunk and ,peter  
,rabbit and ,bobby ,coon and ,jimmy     
,skunk and ,reddy ,fox4  ,the ,best     
,thing in the ,world1 said ,johnny      
,chuck4 ,why ,i don't know of anything  
better than my own little home and the  
warm sunshine and the beautiful blue    
sky4  ,so ,johnny ,chuck stayed at home 
and played all day among the flowers    
with the ,merry ,little ,breezes of ,old
 ,mother ,west ,wind and was as happy as
 could be4  ,but all day long ,striped  
,chipmunk and ,peter ,rabbit and ,bobby 
,coon and ,jimmy ,skunk and ,reddy ,fox 
ran this way and ran that way over the  

,green ,meadows trying to find the ,best
 ,thing in the ,world4 ,the sun was     
very1 very warm and they ran so far and 
they ran so fast that they were very1   
very hot and tired1 and still they      
hadn't found the ,best ,thing in the    
,world4  ,when the long day was over    
they started up the ,lone ,little ,path 
past ,johnny ,chuck's house to their own
 homes4 ,they didn't hurry now for they 
were so very1 very tired6 ,and they were
 cross--oh so cross6 ,striped ,chipmunk 
hadn't found a single nut4 ,peter       
,rabbit hadn't found so much as the leaf
 of a cabbage4 ,bobby ,coon hadn't found
 the tiniest bit of sweet milky corn4   
,jimmy ,skunk hadn't seen a single      
beetle4 ,reddy ,fox hadn't heard so much
 as the peep of a chicken4 ,and all were
 as hungry as hungry could be4  ,half   
way up the ,lone ,little ,path they met 
,old ,mother ,west ,wind going to her   
home behind the hill4 ,did you find the 
,best ,thing in the ,world8 asked ,old  
,mother ,west ,wind4  ,no6 shouted      

,striped ,chipmunk and ,peter ,rabbit   
and ,bobby ,coon and ,jimmy ,skunk and  
,reddy ,fox all together4  ,johnny      
,chuck has it1 said ,old ,mother ,west  
,wind4 ,it is being happy with the      
things you have and not wanting things  
which some one else has4 ,and it is     
called ,con-tent-ment4    #chh          
,albert ,bigelow ,paine 7#ahfa--71 an   
,american         author at one time    
connected with the editorial            
department of ,st4 ,nicholas ,magazine1 
has for         more than twenty years  
been known as the         biographer of 
,mark ,twain4 ,he is a popular          
writer of stories for children4 ,pupils 
in the         fifth grade like his     
story ,the ,arkansaw ,bear4             
,some of his books suitable for the     
third and         fourth grades are     
,hollow-,tree ,nights and         ,days1
 ,the ,hollow ,tree1 and ,the ,deep     
,woods4         7,mr4 ',possum's ,sick  
,spell is from ,hollow-,tree            
,nights and ,days1 and is used by       

permission of         the publishers1   
,harper  ,brothers1 ,new ,york47   ,,mr4
 ',,possum',s ,,sick ,,spell  ,,albert  
,,bigelow ,,paine  ,once upon a time1   
said the ,story ,teller1 something very 
sad nearly happened in the ,hollow      
,tree4 ,it was ,mr4 ',possum's turn1 one
 night1 to go out and borrow a chicken  
from ,mr4 ,man's roost1 and coming home 
he fell into an old well and lost his   
chicken4 ,he nearly lost himself1 too1  
for the water was icy cold and ,mr4     
',possum thought he would freeze to     
death before he could climb out1 because
 the rocks were slippery and he fell    
back several times4  ,as it was1 he got 
home almost dead1 and next morning was  
sicker than he had ever been before in  
his life4 ,he had pains in his chest and
 other places1 and was all stuffed up in
 his throat and very scared4 ,the ',coon
 and the ,crow who lived in the ,hollow 
,tree with him were scared1 too4 ,they  
put him to bed in the big room          
down-stairs1 and said they thought they 

ought to send for somebody1 and ,mr4    
,crow said that ,mr4 ,owl was a good    
hand with sick folks1 because he looked 
so wise and didn't say much1 which      
always made the patient think he knew   
something4  ,so ,mr4 ,crow hurried over 
and brought ,mr4 ,owl1 who put on his   
glasses and looked at ,mr4 ',possum's   
tongue1 and felt of his pulse1 and      
listened to his breathing1 and said that
 the cold water seemed to have struck in
 and that the only thing to do was for  
,mr4 ',possum to stay in bed and drink  
hot herb tea and not eat anything1 which
 was a very bad prescription for ,mr4   
',possum1 because he hated herb tea and 
was very partial to eating4 ,he groaned 
when he heard it and said he didn't     
suppose he'd ever live to enjoy himself 
again1 and that he might just as well   
have stayed in the well with the        
chicken1 which was a great loss and     
doing no good to anybody4 ,then ,mr4    
,owl went away1 and told the ,crow      
outside that ,mr4 ',possum was a very   

sick man1 and that at his time of life  
and in his state of flesh his trouble   
might go hard with him4  ,so ,mr4 ,crow 
went back into the kitchen and made up a
 lot of herb tea and kept it hot on the 
stove1 and ,mr4 ',coon sat by ,mr4      
',possum's bed and made him drink it    
almost constantly1 which ,mr4 ',possum  
said might cure him if he didn't die of 
it before the curing commenced4  ,he    
said if he just had that chicken1 made  
up with a good platter of dumplings1 he 
believed it would do him more good than 
anything1 and he begged the ',coon to go
 and fish it out1 or to catch another   
one1 and try it on him1 and then if he  
did die he would at least have fewer    
regrets4  ,but the ,crow and the ',coon 
said they must do as ,mr4 ,owl ordered1 
unless ,mr4 ',possum wanted to change   
doctors1 which was not a good plan until
 the case became hopeless1 and that     
would probably not be before some time  
in the night4 ,mr4 ',coon said1 though1 
there was no reason why that nice       

chicken should be wasted1 and as it     
would still be fresh1 he would rig up a 
hook and line and see if he couldn't    
save it4 ,so he got out his fishing     
things and made a grab hook and left    
,mr4 ,crow to sit by ,mr4 ',possum until
 he came back4 ,he could follow ,mr4    
',possum's track to the place1 and in a 
little while he had the fine1 fat       
chicken1 and came home with it and      
showed it to the patient1 who had a     
sinking spell when he looked at it1 and 
turned his face to the wall and said he 
seemed to have lived in vain4  ,mr4     
,crow1 who always did the cooking1 said 
he'd better put the chicken on right    
away1 under the circumstances1 and then 
he remembered a bottle of medicine he   
had once seen sitting on ,mr4 ,man's    
window-sill outside1 and he said while  
the chicken was cooking he'd just step  
over and get it1 as it might do the     
patient good1 and it didn't seem as if  
anything now could do him any harm4  ,so
 the ,crow dressed the nice chicken and 

put it in the pot with the dumplings1   
and while ,mr4 ',coon dosed ,mr4        
',possum with the hot herb tea ,mr4     
,crow slipped over to ,mr4 ,man's house 
and watched a good chance when the folks
 were at dinner1 and got the bottle and 
came back with it and found ,mr4        
',possum taking a nap and the ',coon    
setting the table2 for the dinner was   
about done and there was a delicious    
smell of dumplings and chicken1 which   
made ,mr4 ',possum begin talking in his 
sleep about starving to death in the    
midst of plenty4 ,then he woke up and   
seemed to suffer a good deal1 and the   
,crow gave him a dose of ,mr4 ,man's    
medicine1 and said that if ,mr4 ',possum
 was still with them next morning they'd
 send for another doctor4  ,mr4 ',possum
 took the medicine and choked on it1 and
 when he could speak said he wouldn't be
 with them4 ,he could tell by his       
feelings1 he said1 that he would never  
get through this day of torture1 and he 
wanted to say some last words4 ,then he 

said that he wanted the ',coon to have  
his ,sunday suit1 which was getting a   
little tight for him and would just     
about fit ,mr4 ',coon1 and that he      
wanted the ,crow to have his pipe and   
toilet articles1 to remember him by4 ,he
 said he had tried to do well by them   
since they had all lived together in the
 ,hollow ,tree1 and he supposed it would
 be hard for them to get along without  
him1 but that they would have to do the 
best they could4 ,then he guessed he'd  
try to sleep a little1 and closed his   
eyes4 ,mr4 ',coon looked at ,mr4 ,crow  
and shook his head1 and they didn't feel
 like sitting down to dinner right away1
 and pretty soon when they thought ,mr4 
',possum was asleep they slipped softly 
up to his room to see how sad it would  
seem without him4  ,well1 they had only 
been gone a minute when ,mr4 ',possum   
woke up1 for the smell of that chicken  
and dumpling coming in from ,mr4 ,crow's
 kitchen was too much for him4 ,when he 
opened his eyes and found that ,mr4     

',coon and ,mr4 ,crow were not there1   
and that he felt a little               
better--perhaps because of ,mr4 ,man's  
medicine--he thought he might as well   
step out and take one last look at      
chicken and dumpling1 anyway4  ,it was  
quite warm1 but1 being all in a sweat1  
he put the bed-sheet around him to      
protect him from the draughts and went  
out to the stove and looked into the    
pot1 and when he saw how good it looked 
he thought he might as well taste of it 
to see if it was done4 ,so he did1 and  
it tasted so good and seemed so done    
that he got out a little piece of       
dumpling on a fork1 and blew on it to   
cool it1 and ate it1 and then another   
piece and then the whole dumpling1 which
 he sopped around in the gravy after    
each bite4 ,then when the dumpling was  
gone he fished up a chicken leg and ate 
that and then a wing1 and then the      
gizzard and felt better all the time1   
and pretty soon poured out a cup of     
coffee and drank that1 all before he    

remembered that he was sick abed and not
 expected to recover4 ,then he happened 
to think and started back to bed1 but on
 the way there he heard ,mr4 ',coon and 
,mr4 ,crow talking softly in his room   
and he forgot again that he was so sick 
and went up to see about it4  ,mr4      
',coon and ,mr4 ,crow had been quite    
busy up in ,mr4 ',possum's room4 ,they  
had looked at all the things1 and ,mr4  
,crow remarked that there seemed to be a
 good many which ,mr4 ',possum had not  
mentioned1 and which they could divide  
afterward4 ,then he picked up ,mr4      
',possum's pipe and tried it to see if  
it would draw well1 as he had noticed1  
he said1 that ,mr4 ',possum sometimes   
had trouble with it1 and the ',coon went
 over to the closet and looked at ,mr4  
',possum's ,sunday suit1 and pretty soon
 got it out and tried on the coat1 which
 wouldn't need a thing done to it to    
make it fit exactly4 ,he said he hoped  
,mr4 ',possum was resting well1 after   
the medicine1 which he supposed was     

something to make him sleep1 as he had  
seemed drowsy so soon after taking it4  
,he said it would be sad1 of course1    
though it might seem almost a blessing1 
if ,mr4 ',possum should pass away in his
 sleep1 without knowing it1 and he hoped
 ,mr4 ',possum would rest in peace and  
not come back to distress people1 as one
 of ,mr4 ',coon's own ancestors had     
done1 a good while ago4 ,mr4 ',coon said
 his mother used to tell them about it  
when she wanted to keep them at home    
nights1 though he didn't really believe 
in such things much1 any more1 and he   
didn't think ,mr4 ',possum would be apt 
to do it1 anyway1 because he was always 
quite a hand to rest well4 ,of course1  
any one was likely to think of such     
things1 he said1 and get a little       
nervous1 especially at a time like      
this--and just then ,mr4 ',coon looked  
toward the door that led down to the big
 room1 and ,mr4 ,crow he looked toward  
that door1 too1 and ,mr4 ',coon gave a  
great jump1 and said3  ,oh1 my goodness6

 and fell back over ,mr4 ',possum's     
trunk4  ,and ,mr4 ,crow he gave a great 
jump1 too1 and said3  ,oh1 my gracious6 
and fell back over ,mr4 ',possum's      
chair4  ,for there in the door stood a  
figure shrouded all in white1 all except
 the head1 which was ,mr4 ',possum's1   
though very solemn1 its eyes looking    
straight at ,mr4 ',coon1 who still had  
on ,mr4 ',possum's coat1 though he was  
doing his best to get it off1 and at    
,mr4 ,crow1 who still had ,mr4          
',possum's pipe1 though he was trying   
every way to hide it1 and both of them  
were scrabbling around on the floor and 
saying1 ,oh1 ,mr4 ',possum1 go          
away--please go away1 ,mr4 ',possum--we 
always loved you1 ,mr4 ',possum--we can 
prove it4  ,but ,mr4 ',possum looked    
straight at ,mr4 ',coon1 and said in a  
deep voice3  ,what were you doing with  
my ,sunday coat on8  ,and ,mr4 ',coon   
tried to say something1 but only made a 
few weak noises4  ,and ,mr4 ',possum    
looked at ,mr4 ,crow and said3  ,what   

were you doing with my pipe8  ,and a    
little sweat broke out on ,mr4 ,crow's  
bill1 and he opened his mouth as if he  
were going to say something1 but        
couldn't make a sound4  ,then ,mr4      
',possum said1 in a slow voice1 so deep 
that it seemed to come from down in the 
ground3  ,give me my things6  ,and ,mr4 
',coon and ,mr4 ,crow said1 very shaky3 
,oh y-yes1 ,mr4 ',possum1 w-we meant to1
 a-all the t-time4  ,and they tried to  
get up1 but were so scared and weak they
 couldn't1 and all at once ,mr4 ',possum
 gave a great big laugh and threw off   
his sheet and sat down on a stool1 and  
rocked and laughed1 and ,mr4 ',coon and 
,mr4 ,crow realized then that it was    
,mr4 ',possum himself1 and not just his 
appearance1 as they had thought4 ,then  
they sat up1 and pretty soon began to   
laugh1 too1 though not very gaily at    
first1 but feeling more cheerful every  
minute1 because ,mr4 ',possum himself   
seemed to enjoy it so much4  ,then ,mr4 
',possum told them about everything1 and

 how ,mr4 ,man's medicine must have made
 him well1 for all his pains and sorrows
 had left him1 and he invited them down 
to help finish up the chicken which had 
cost him so much suffering4  ,so then   
they all went down to the big room and  
the ,crow brought in the big platter of 
dumplings1 and a pan of biscuits and    
some molasses1 and a pot of coffee1 and 
they all sat down and celebrated ,mr4   
',possum's recovery4 ,and when they were
 through1 and everything was put away1  
they smoked1 and ,mr4 ',possum said he  
was glad he was there to use his        
property a little more1 and that        
probably his coat would fit him again   
now1 as his sickness had caused him to  
lose flesh4 ,he said that ,mr4 ,man's   
medicine was certainly wonderful1 but   
just then ,mr4 ,rabbit dropped in1 and  
when they told him about it1 he said of 
course the medicine might have had some 
effect1 but that the dumplings and      
chicken caused the real cure4 ,he said  
there was an old adage to prove         

that--one that his thirty-fifth         
great-grandfather had made for just such
 a case of this kind4 ,this1 ,mr4       
,rabbit said1 was the adage3            
,if you want to live forever            
,stuff a cold and starve a fever4  ,mr4 
',possum's trouble had come from        
catching cold1 he said1 so the dumplings
 were probably just what he needed4     
,then ,mr4 ,owl dropped in to see how   
his patient was1 and when he saw him    
sitting up1 and smoking1 and well1 he   
said it was wonderful how his treatment 
had worked1 and the ,hollow ,tree people
 didn't tell him any different1 for they
 didn't like to hurt ,mr4 ,owl's        
feelings4    #chi          ,prominent   
among writers of the new realistic      
nature literature is ,dallas ,lore      
,sharp         7#ahgj--71 professor of  
,english in ,boston         ,university4
 ,mr4 ,sharp's stories and descriptive  
sketches of nature reveal charming      
details in         out-of-door life that
 the ordinary observer                  

overlooks1 and they encourage the reader
 to         seek entertainment in fields
 and woods4 ,most of         his nature 
writings are suitable for pupils in     
grades from the fifth to the eighth4    
,some of         his books are ,beyond  
the ,pasture ,bars1 ,a         ,watcher 
in the ,woods1 ,roof and ,meadow1 and   
,where ,rolls the ,oregon4 7,wild ,life 
in the         ,farm ,yard1 from ,beyond
 the ,pasture ,bars1 is         used by 
permission of ,the ,century ,co41 ,new  
,york         ,city47   ,,wild ,,life   
,,in ,,the ,,farm-,,yard  ,,dallas      
,,lore ,,sharp  ,i want you to visit a  
farm where there are turkeys and geese  
and guineas4 ,if you live in ,new ,york 
,city or in ,chicago you may not be able
 to do so for some time4 ,then take a   
trip to the market or to the zooelogical
 gardens4 ,but most of you live close   
enough to the country1 so that you could
 easily find a farmer who would invite  
you out to see his prize gobbler and his
 great hissing gander4  ,however1 ,i    

shall not wait to send you for ,i am    
going to take you--now--out to an old   
farm that ,i loved as a boy where there 
are turkeys and geese and guineas and   
pigs and pigeons1 cows and horses and   
mules1 cats and dogs1 chickens and bees 
and sheep1 and a hornets' nest and a    
nest of flying squirrels in the same old
 grindstone apple-tree1 and a pair of   
barn owls in the old wagon house1       
and--,i don't know what else2 for there 
was everything on the old farm when ,i  
was a boy1 and ,i suppose we shall find 
everything there yet4  ,i want you to   
see the turkeys4 ,i want you to follow  
an old hen turkey to her stolen nest4 ,i
 want you to watch the old gobbler      
turkey take his family to bed--to roost1
 ,i mean4 ,for unless you are a boy1 and
 are living in the wild portions of     
,georgia and the southeastern states1   
you may never see a wild turkey4 ,for   
that reason ,i want you to watch this   
tame turkey1 because he is almost as    
wild as a wild turkey in everything     

except his fear of you4 ,he has been    
tamed1 we know1 since the year #aebf1   
yet not one of his wild habits has been 
changed4  ,so it is with the house cat4 
,we have tamed the house cat1 but we    
have not changed the wild1              
night-prowling hunter in him4 ,you have 
to smooth a cat the right way1 or the   
wild cat in him will scratch and bite   
you4 ,have you never seen his tail      
twitch1 his eyes blaze1 his claws work  
as he has crouched watching at a rat's  
hole1 or crawled stealthily upon a bird 
in the meadow grass8  ,so1 if you will  
watch1 you shall see a real wild turkey 
in the tamest old gobbler on the farm4  
,watch him go to roost4 ,watch him get  
ready to go to roost1 ,i should say1 for
 a turkey seems to begin to think of    
roosting about noon-time1 especially in 
the winter2 and it takes him from about 
noon till night to make up his mind that
 he really must go to roost4  ,he comes 
along under the apple-tree of a         
,december afternoon and looks up at the 

leafless limbs where he has been        
roosting since summer4 ,he stretches his
 long neck1 lays his little brainless   
head over on one side1 then over on the 
other4 ,he takes a good long look at the
 limb4 ,then bobs his                   
head--one-two-three-four-five-six-seven-
eight-nine-ten times1 or perhaps        
twenty-two or -three times1 and takes a 
still longer look at the limb1 saying to
 himself--quint1 quint1 quint1 quint6   
which means3 ,i think ,i'll go to roost6
 ,i think ,i'll go to roost6 ,i think   
,i'll go to roost6 ,i think ,i'll go to 
roost6 ,i think ,i'll go to roost6 ,i   
think ,i'll go to roost6 ,he thinks he  
will1 but he hasn't made up his mind    
quite4  ,then he stretches his long neck
 again1 lays his little witless head on 
the side again1 bobs and bobs1 looks and
 looks and looks1 says quint1 quint1    
quint1 quint--,i think ,i'll go to      
roost1 but is just as undecided as ever4
  ,he does the performance over and over
 again and would never go to roost if   

the darkness did not come and compel    
him4 ,he would stand under that tree    
stretching1 turning1 looking1 bobbing1  
squinting1 thinking1 until he thought   
his head off1 saying all the while--    
,one for the money2 two for the show2   
,three to get ready2 and four to--get   
ready to go6  ,but after a while1 along 
toward dusk 7and awfully                
suddenly67--flop6 gobble6 splutter6     
whoop6--and there he is1 up on the limb1
 safe6 ,really safe6 ,but it was an     
exceedingly close call4  ,and this is   
the very way the wild turkey acts4 ,the 
naturalists who had a chance to study   
the great flocks of wild turkeys years  
ago describe these same absurd actions4 
,this lack of snap and decision is not  
something the tame turkey has learned in
 the farm-yard4 ,the fact is he does not
 seem to have learned anything during   
his #cej years in the barn-yard1 nor    
does he seem to have forgotten anything 
that he knew as a wild turkey in the    
woods1 except his fear of man4  ,late in

 ,october the wild turkeys of a given   
neighborhood would get together in      
flocks of from ten to a hundred and     
travel on foot through the rich bottom  
lands in search of food4 ,in these      
journeys the males would go ahead1 apart
 from the females1 and lead the way4    
,the hens1 each conducting her family in
 a more or less separate group1 came    
straggling leisurely along in the rear4 
,as they advanced1 they would meet other
 flocks1 thus swelling their numbers4   
,after a time they were sure to come to 
a river--a dreadful thing1 for1 like the
 river of the old song1 it was a river  
to cross4 ,up and down the banks would  
stalk the gobblers1 stretching their    
necks out over the water and making     
believe to start1 as they do when going 
to roost in the apple-trees4  ,all day  
long1 all the next day1 all the third   
day1 if the river was wide1 they would  
strut and cluck along the shore1 making 
up their minds4  ,the ridiculous        
creatures have wings2 they can fly2 but 

they are afraid6 ,after all these days1 
however1 the whole flock has mounted the
 tallest trees along the bank4 ,one of  
the gobblers has come forward as leader 
in the emergency4 ,suddenly1 from his   
perch1 he utters a single cluck--the    
signal for the start1--and every turkey 
sails into the air4 ,there is a great   
flapping--and the terrible river is     
crossed4  ,a few weak members fall on   
the way over1 but not to drown4 ,drawing
 their wings close in against their     
sides1 and spreading their round        
fan-like tails to the breeze1 they      
strike out as if born to swim1 and come 
quickly to land4  ,the tame turkey-hen  
is notorious for stealing her nest4 ,the
 wild hen steals hers--not to plague her
 owner1 of course1 as is the common     
belief about the domestic turkey1 but to
 get away from the gobbler1 who1 in     
order to prolong the honeymoon1 will    
break the eggs as fast as they are laid4
 ,he has just enough brains to be       
sentimental1 jealous1 and boundlessly   

fond of himself4 ,his wives1 too1 are   
foolish enough to worship him1          
until--there is an egg in the nest4     
,that event makes them wise4 ,they      
understand this strutting coxcomb1 and  
quietly turning their backs on him1     
leave him to parade alone4  ,there are  
crows1 also1 and buzzards from whom the 
wild turkey hen must hide the eggs4 ,nor
 dare she forget her own danger while   
sitting1 for there are foxes1 owls1 and 
prowling lynxes ready enough to pounce  
upon her4 ,on the farm there are still  
many of these enemies besides the worst 
of them all1 the farmer himself4  ,for a
 nest the wild hen1 like the tame turkey
 of the pasture1 scratches a slight     
depression in the ground1 usually under 
a thick bush1 sometimes in a hollow log1
 and there lays from twelve to twenty   
eggs1 which are somewhat smaller and    
more elongated than the tame turkey's1  
but of the same color3 dull cream1      
sprinkled with reddish dots4  ,i have   
often hunted for stolen turkey nests1   

and hunted in vain1 because the cautious
 mother had covered her eggs when       
leaving them4 ,this is one of the wild  
habits that has persisted4 ,the wild    
hen1 as the hatching approaches1 will   
not trust even this precaution1 however1
 but remains without food and drink upon
 the nest until the chicks can be led   
off4 ,she can scarcely be driven from   
the nest1 often allowing herself to be  
captured first4  ,mother-love burns     
fierce in her4 ,such helpless things are
 her chicks6 ,she hears them peeping in 
the shell and breaks it to help them    
out4 ,she preens and dries them and     
keeps them close under her for days4    
,not for a week after they are hatched  
does she allow them out in a rain4 ,if1 
after that1 they get a cold wetting1 the
 wild mother1 it is said1 will feed the 
buds of the spice-bush to her brood1 as 
our grandmothers used to administer mint
 tea to us4  ,the tame hen does seem to 
have lost something of this wild-mother 
skill1 doubtless because for many       

generations she has been entirely freed 
of the larger part of the               
responsibility4  ,i never knew a tame   
mother turkey to doctor her infants for 
vermin4 ,but the wild hen will4 ,the    
woods are full of ticks and detestable  
vermin as deadly as cold rains4 ,when   
her brood begins to lag and pine1 the   
wild mother knows1 and leading them to  
some old ant-hill1 she gives them a     
sousing dust-bath4 ,the vermin hate the 
odor of the ant-scented dust1 and after 
a series of these baths disappear4      
,this is wise2 and if this report be    
true1 then the wild turkey is as wise   
and far-seeing a mother as the woods    
contain4 ,one observer even tells of    
three hens that stole off together and  
fixed up a nest between themselves4     
,each put in her eggs--forty-two in     
all--and each took turns guarding1 so   
that the nest was never left alone4     
,what special enemy caused this unique  
partnership the naturalist does not say4
 ,the three mothers built together1     

brooded together1 and together guarded  
the nest4 ,but how did those three      
mothers divide the babies8  ,i said ,i  
wanted you to visit a farm where there  
are turkeys4 ,and you will have to if   
you would see the turkey at home4 ,for1 
though ,i have traveled through the     
,south1 and been in the swamps and river
 bottoms there all along the ,savannah1 
with wild turkeys around me1 ,i have    
never seen a live one4  ,i was in a     
small steamboat on the ,savannah ,river 
one night4 ,we were tied up till morning
 along the river bank under the trees of
 the deep swamp4 ,twilight and the swamp
 silence had settled about us4 ,the moon
 came up4 ,a banjo had been twanging1   
but the breakdown was done1 the         
shuffling feet quiet4 ,the little       
cottonboat had become a part of the     
moonlit silence and the river swamp4    
,two or three roustabouts were lounging 
upon some rosin-barrels near by1 under  
the spell of the round autumnal moon4   
,there was frost in the air1 and        

fragrant odors1 but not a sound1 not a  
cry or call of beast or bird1 until1    
suddenly1 breaking through the silence  
with a jarring eery echo1 was heard the 
hoot of the great horned owl4  ,one of  
the roustabouts dropped quickly to the  
deck and held up his hand for silence4  
,we all listened4 ,and again came the   
uncanny ,whoo-hoo-hoo-whoo-you-oh-oh6   
,dat ol' ,king ,owl1 whispered the      
darky4 ,him's lookin' fer turkey4 ,ol'  
gobbler done gone hid1 ,i reckon4       
,listen6 ,ol' ,king ,owl gwine make ol' 
gobbler talk back4  ,we listened1 but   
there was no frightened gobble from the 
tree-tops4 ,there were wild turkeys all 
around me in the swamp2 but1 though ,i  
sat up until the big southern moon rode 
high overhead1 ,i heard no answer1 no   
challenge to the echoing hoot of the    
great owl4 ,the next day a colored boy  
brought aboard the boat a wild turkey   
which he had shot in the swamp2 but ,i  
am still waiting to see and hear the    
great bronze bird alive in its native   

haunts4    #cij          ,vernon ,l4    
,kellogg 7#ahfg--7 is a professor in    
,leland ,stanford ,junior ,university   
whose         writings have been chiefly
 scientific4 ,his         ,insect       
,stories1 from which the next selection 
is taken1 is an interesting and         
instructive         group of stories    
suitable for pupils in the              
third1 fourth1 or fifth grade4 ,a later 
book is         called ,nuova1 the ,new 
,bee4 7,the ,vendetta is         used by
 permission of the publishers1 ,henry   
,holt  ,co41 ,new ,york ,city47   ,,the 
,,vendetta  ,,vernon ,l4 ,,kellogg      
,this is the story of a fight4 ,in the  
first story of this book1 ,i said that  
,mary and ,i had seen a remarkable fight
 one evening at sundown on the slopes of
 the bare brown foothills west of the   
campus4 ,it was not a battle of         
armies--we have seen that1 too1 in the  
little world we watch1--but a combat of 
gladiators1 a struggle between two      
champions born and bred for fighting1   

and particularly for fighting each      
other4 ,one champion was ,eurypelma1 the
 great1 black1 hairy1 eight-legged1     
strong-fanged tarantula of ,california1 
and the other was ,pepsis1 a mighty wasp
 in dull-blue mail1 with rusty-red wings
 and a poisonous javelin of a sting that
 might well frighten either you or me4  
,do you have any wasp in your           
neighborhood of the ferocity and        
strength and size of ,pepsis8 ,if not1  
you can hardly realize what a terrible  
creature she is4 ,with her strong       
hard-cased body an inch and a half long1
 borne on powerful wings that expand    
fully three inches1 and her long and    
strong needle-pointed sting that darts  
in and out like a flash and is always   
full of virulent poison1 ,pepsis is     
certainly queen of all the wasp amazons4
 ,but if that is so1 no less is         
,eurypelma greatest1 most dreadful1 and 
fiercest1 and hence king1 of all the    
spiders in this country4 ,in ,south     
,america and perhaps elsewhere in the   

tropics1 live the fierce bird-spiders   
with thick legs extending three inches  
or more on each side of their ugly hairy
 bodies4 ,eurypelma1 the ,california    
tarantula1 is not quite so large as     
that1 nor does he stalk1 pounce on and  
kill little birds as his ,south         
,american cousin is said to do1 but he  
is nevertheless a tremendous and        
fear-inspiring creature among the small 
beasties of field and meadow4  ,but not 
all ,eurypelmas are so ferocious2 or at 
least are not ferocious all the time4   
,there are individual differences among 
them4 ,perhaps it is a matter of age or 
health4 ,anyway1 ,i had a pet tarantula 
which ,i kept in an open jar in my room 
for several weeks1 and ,i could handle  
him with impunity4 ,he would sit gently 
on my hand1 or walk deliberately up my  
arm1 with his eight1 fixed1 shining1    
little reddish eyes staring hard at me1 
and his long seven-jointed hairy legs   
swinging gently and rhythmically along1 
without a sign of hesitation or         

excitement4 ,his hair was almost gray   
and perhaps this hoariness and general  
sedateness betokened a ripe old age4    
,but his great fangs were unblunted1 his
 supply of poison undiminished1 and his 
skill in striking and killing his prey  
still perfect1 as often proved at his   
feeding times4 ,he is quite the largest 
,eurypelma ,i have ever seen4 ,he       
measures--for ,i still have his body1   
carefully stuffed1 and fastened on a    
block with legs all spread out--five    
inches from tip to tip of opposite legs4
  ,at the same time that ,i had this    
hoary old tarantula1 ,i had another     
smaller1 coal-black fellow who went into
 a perfect ecstasy of anger and ferocity
 every time any one came near him4 ,he  
would stand on his hind legs and paw    
wildly with fore legs and palpi1 and    
lunge forward fiercely at my inquisitive
 pencil4 ,i found him originally in the 
middle of an entry into a classroom1    
holding at bay an entire excited class  
of art students armed with mahl-sticks  

and paint-brushes4 ,the students were   
mostly women1 and ,i was hailed as      
deliverer and greatest dompteur of      
beasts when ,i scooped ,eurypelma up in 
a bottle and walked off with him4  ,but 
this is not telling of the sundown fight
 that ,mary and ,i saw together4 ,we had
 been over to the sand-cut by the golf  
links1 after mining-bees1 and were      
coming home with a fine lot of their    
holes and some of the bees themselves1  
when ,mary suddenly called to me to see 
the nice tarantula4  ,perhaps nice isn't
 the best word for him1 but he certainly
 was an unusually imposing and          
fluffy-haired and fierce-looking brute  
of a tarantula4 ,he had rather an owly  
way about him1 as if he had come out    
from his hole too early and was dazed   
and half-blinded by the light4          
,tarantulas are night prowlers2 they do 
all their hunting after dark1 dig their 
holes and1 indeed1 carry on all the     
various businesses of their life in the 
night-time4 ,the occasional one found   

walking about in daytime has made a     
mistake1 someway1 and he blunders around
 quite like an owl in the sunshine4     
,all of a sudden1 while ,mary and ,i    
were smiling at this too early bird of a
 tarantula1 he went up on his hind legs 
in fighting attitude1 and at the same   
instant down darted a great tarantula   
hawk1 that is1 a ,pepsis wasp4 ,her     
armored body glinted cool and metallic  
in the red sunset light1 and her great  
wings had a suggestive shining of dull  
fire about them4 ,she checked her swoop 
just before reaching ,eurypelma1 and    
made a quick dart over him1 and then a  
quick turn back1 intending to catch the 
tarantula in the rear4 ,but lethargic   
and owly as ,eurypelma had been a moment
 before1 he was now all alertness and   
agility4 ,he had to be4 ,he was         
defending his life4 ,one full fair stab 
of the poisoned javelin1 sheathed but   
ready at the tip of the flexible1       
blue-black body hovering over him1 and  
it would be over with ,eurypelma4 ,and  

he knew it4 ,or perhaps he didn't4 ,but 
he acted as if he did4 ,he was going to 
do his best not to be stabbed2 that was 
sure4 ,and ,pepsis was going to do her  
best to stab2 that also was quickly     
certain4  ,at the same time ,pepsis     
knew--or anyway acted as if she         
did--that to be struck by one or both of
 those terrible vertical1 poison-filled 
fangs was sure death4 ,it would be like 
a blow from a battle-axe1 with the added
 horror of mortal poison poured into the
 wound4  ,so ,eurypelma about-faced like
 a flash1 and ,pepsis was foiled in her 
strategy4 ,she flew up and a yard away1 
then returned to the attack4 ,she flew  
about in swift circles over his head1   
preparatory to darting in again4 ,but   
,eurypelma was ready4 ,as she swooped   
viciously down1 he lunged up and forward
 with a half-leap1 half-forward fall1   
and came within an ace of striking the  
trailing blue-black abdomen with his    
reaching fangs4 ,indeed it seemed to    
,mary and me as if they really grazed   

the metallic body4 ,but evidently they  
had not pierced the smooth armor4 ,nor  
had ,pepsis in that breathless moment of
 close quarters been able to plant her  
lance4 ,she whirled1 up high this time  
but immediately back1 although a little 
more wary evidently1 for she checked her
 downward plunge three or four inches   
from the dancing champion on the ground4
 ,and so for wild minute after minute it
 went on2 ,eurypelma always up and      
tip-toeing on those strong hind legs1   
with open1 armed mouth always toward the
 point of attack1 and ,pepsis ever      
darting down1 up1 over1 across1 and in  
and out in dizzy dashes1 but never quite
 closing4  ,were ,mary and ,i excited8  
,not a word could we utter2 only now and
 then a swift intake of breath2 a       
stifled ,o or ,ah or ,see4 ,and then of 
a sudden came the end4 ,pepsis saw her  
chance4 ,a lightning swoop carried her  
right on to the hairy champion4 ,the    
quivering lance shot home4 ,the poison  
coursed into the great soft body4 ,but  

at the same moment the terrible fangs   
struck fair on the blue armor and       
crashed through it4 ,two awful wounds1  
and the wings of dull fire beat         
violently only to strike up a little    
cloud of dust and whirl the mangled body
 around and around4 ,fortunately ,death 
was merciful1 and the brave amazon made 
a quick end4  ,but what of ,eurypelma1  
the killer8 ,was it well with him8 ,the 
sting-made wound itself was of little   
moment2 it closed as soon as the lancet 
withdrew4 ,but not before the delicate  
poison sac at its base inside the       
wasp-body had contracted and squirted   
down the slender hollow of the sting a  
drop of liquid fire4 ,and so it was not 
well with ,eurypelma in his insides4    
,victor he seemed to be1 but if he could
 think1 he must have had grave doubts   
about the joys of victory4  ,for a      
curious drowsiness was coming over him4 
,perhaps1 disquieting thought1 it was   
the approaching stupor of the poison's  
working4 ,his strong long legs became   

limp1 they would not work regularly1    
they could not hold his heavy hairy body
 up from the ground4 ,he would get into 
his hole and rest4 ,but it was too late4
 ,and after a few uneven steps1 victor  
,eurypelma settled heavily down beside  
his amazon victim1 inert and forevermore
 beyond fighting4 ,he was paralyzed4    
,and so ,mary and ,i brought him home in
 our collecting box1 together with the  
torn body of ,pepsis with her wings of  
slow fire dulled by the dust of her last
 struggles4 ,and though it is a whole   
month now since ,eurypelma received his 
stab from the poisoned javelin of       
,pepsis1 he has not recovered2 nor will 
he ever4 ,when you touch him1 he draws  
up slowly one leg after another1 or     
moves a palpus feebly4 ,but it is living
 death2 a hopeless paralytic is the     
king4  ,dear reader1 you are of course  
as bright as ,mary1 and so you have     
noticed1 as she did right away1 the     
close parallel between what happened to 
,eurypelma and what happened to the     

measuring-worms brought by ,ammophila to
 her nest burrow as described in the    
first story in this book4 ,and so1 like 
,mary1 you realize that the vendetta or 
life feud between the tarantula family  
and the family of ,pepsis1 the tarantula
 hawk1 is based on reasons of domestic  
economy rather than on those of         
sentiment1 which determine vendettas in 
,corsica and feuds in ,kentucky4  ,to be
 quite plain1 ,pepsis fights ,eurypelma 
to get his huge1 juicy body for food for
 her young2 and ,eurypelma fights       
,pepsis to keep from becoming paralyzed 
provender4 ,if ,pepsis had escaped      
unhurt in the combat at which ,mary and 
,i assisted1 as the ,french say1 as     
enthralled spectators1 we should have   
seen her drag by mighty effort the limp1
 paralyzed1 spider giant to her nest    
hole not far distant--a great hole      
twelve inches deep and with a side      
chamber at the bottom4 ,there she would 
have thrust him down the throat of the  
burrow1 and then crawled in and laid an 

egg on the helpless beast1 from which in
 time would have hatched the carnivorous
 wasp grub4 ,pepsis has many close      
allies among the wasps1 all black or    
steely blue with smoky or dull-bronze   
wings1 and they all use spiders1 stung  
and paralyzed1 to store their nest holes
 with4  ,do the little black and blue   
wasps hunt the little spiders and the   
larger ones the big spiders8 asked      
,mary4  ,exactly1 ,i respond1 and the   
giant wasp of them all1 ,pepsis1 the    
queen of the wasp amazons1 hunts only   
the biggest spider of them all1         
,eurypelma1 the tarantula king1 and we  
have seen her do it4  ,well1 says ,mary1
 even if she wants him for her children 
to eat1 it's a real vendetta1 isn't it8 
,indeed it is1 ,i answer1 it's more     
real1 and fiercer1 and more relentless1 
and more persistent than any human      
vendetta that ever was4 ,for every      
,pepsis mother in the world is always   
hunting for ,eurypelmas to fight4 ,and  
not all ,corsicans have a vendetta on   

hand1 nor all ,kentuckians a feud4      
#cia          ,sewell ,ford 7#ahfh-7 is 
noted for his fine         stories about
 horses1 especially those in            
,horses ,nine1 from which the following 
story         of ,pasha is taken4 7,by  
permission of the         publishers1   
,charles ,scribner's ,sons1 ,new ,york47
         ,pasha plays a most important  
part in a human         romance with war
 as a background1 and the               
combination is very effective4 ,mr4     
,ford's         ,torchy stories are also
 very popular with         young people4
   ,,pasha1 ,,the ,,son ,,of ,,selim    
,,sewell ,,ford  ,long1 far too long1   
has the story of ,pasha1 son of ,selim1 
remained untold4  ,the great ,selim1 you
 know1 was brought from far across the  
seas1 where he had been sold for a heavy
 purse by a venerable sheik1 who tore   
his beard during the bargain and swore  
by ,allah that without ,selim there     
would be for him no joy in life4 ,also  
he had wept quite convincingly on       

,selim's neck--but he finished by taking
 the heavy purse4 ,that was how ,selim1 
the great ,selim1 came to end his days  
in ,fayette ,county1 ,kentucky4 ,of his 
many sons1 ,pasha was one4  ,in almost  
idyllic manner were spent the years of  
,pasha's coltdom4 ,they were years of   
pasture roaming and blue grass cropping4
 ,when the time was ripe1 began the     
hunting lessons4 ,pasha came to know the
 feel of the saddle and the voice of the
 hounds4 ,he was taught the long1 easy  
lope4 ,he learned how to gather himself 
for a sail through the air over a hurdle
 or a water-jump4 ,then when he could   
take five bars clean1 when he could     
clear an eight-foot ditch1 when his wind
 was so sound that he could lead the    
chase from dawn until high noon1 he was 
sent to the stables of a ,virginia      
tobacco-planter who had need of a new   
hunter and who could afford ,arab blood4
  ,in the stalls at ,gray ,oaks stables 
were many good hunters1 but none better 
than ,pasha4 ,cream-white he was1 from  

the tip of his splendid1 yard-long tail 
to his pink-lipped muzzle4 ,his coat was
 as silk plush1 his neck as supple as a 
swan's1 and out of his big1 bright eyes 
there looked such intelligence that one 
half expected him to speak4 ,his lines  
were all long1 graceful curves1 and when
 he danced daintily on his slender legs 
one could see the muscles flex under the
 delicate skin4  ,miss ,lou claimed     
,pasha for her very own at first sight4 
,as no one at ,gray ,oaks denied ,miss  
,lou anything at all1 to her he belonged
 from that instant4 ,of ,miss ,lou1     
,pasha approved thoroughly4 ,she knew   
that bridle-reins were for gentle       
guidance1 not for sawing or jerking1 and
 that a riding-crop was of no use       
whatever save to unlatch a gate or to   
cut at an unruly hound4 ,she knew how to
 rise on the stirrup when ,pasha lifted 
himself in his stride1 and how to settle
 close to the pig-skin when his hoofs   
hit the ground4 ,in other words1 she had
 a good seat1 which means as much to the

 horse as it does to the rider4         
,besides all this1 it was ,miss ,lou who
 insisted that ,pasha should have the   
best of grooming1 and she never forgot  
to bring the dainties which ,pasha      
loved1 an apple or a carrot or a        
sugarplum4 ,it is something1 too1 to    
have your nose patted by a soft gloved  
hand and to have such a person as ,miss 
,lou put her arm around your neck and   
whisper in your ear4 ,from no other than
 ,miss ,lou would ,pasha permit such    
intimacy4  ,no paragon1 however1 was    
,pasha4 ,he had a temper1 and his whims 
were as many as those of a school-girl4 
,he was particular as to who put on his 
bridle4 ,he had notions concerning the  
manner in which a currycomb should be   
used4 ,a red ribbon or a bandanna       
handkerchief put him in a rage1 while   
green1 the holy color of the            
,mohammedan1 soothed his nerves4 ,a     
lively pair of heels he had1 and he knew
 how to use his teeth4 ,the black       
stable-boys found that out1 and so did  

the stern-faced man who was known as    
,mars ,clayton4 ,this ,mars ,clayton had
 ridden ,pasha once1 had ridden him as  
he rode his big1 ugly1 hard-bitted roan 
hunter1 and ,pasha had not enjoyed the  
ride4 ,still1 ,miss ,lou and ,pasha     
often rode out with ,mars ,clayton and  
the parrot-nosed roan4 ,that is1 they   
did until the coming of ,mr4 ,dave4  ,in
 ,mr4 ,dave1 ,pasha found a new friend4 
,from a far ,northern ,state was ,mr4   
,dave4 ,he had come in a ship to buy    
tobacco1 but after he had bought his    
cargo he still stayed at ,gray ,oaks1 to
 complete ,pasha's education1 so he     
said4  ,many ways had ,mr4 ,dave which  
,pasha liked4 ,he had a gentle manner of
 talking to you1 of smoothing your      
flanks and rubbing your ears1 which     
gained your confidence and made you sure
 that he understood4 ,he was firm and   
sure in giving command1 yet so patient  
in teaching one tricks1 that it was a   
pleasure to learn4  ,so1 almost before  
,pasha knew it1 he could stand on his   

hind legs1 could step around in a circle
 in time to a tune which ,mr4 ,dave     
whistled1 and could do other things     
which few horses ever learn to do4 ,his 
chief accomplishment1 however1 was to   
kneel on his forelegs in the attitude of
 prayer4 ,a long time it took ,pasha to 
learn this1 but ,mr4 ,dave told him over
 and over again1 by word and sign1 until
 at last the son of the great ,selim    
could strike a pose such as would have  
done credit to a ,mecca pilgrim4  ,it's 
simply wonderful6 declared ,miss ,lou4  
,but it was nothing of the sort4 ,mr4   
,dave had been teaching tricks to horses
 ever since he was a small boy1 and     
never had he found such an apt pupil as 
,pasha4  ,many a glorious gallop did    
,pasha and ,miss ,lou have while ,mr4   
,dave stayed at ,gray ,oaks1 ,dave      
riding the big bay gelding that ,miss   
,lou1 with all her daring1 had never    
ventured to mount4 ,it was not all      
galloping though1 for ,pasha and the big
 bay often walked for miles through the 

wood lanes1 side by side and very close 
together1 while ,miss ,lou and ,mr4     
,dave talked1 talked1 talked4 ,how they 
could ever find so much to say to each  
other ,pasha wondered4  ,but at last    
,mr4 ,dave went away1 and with his going
 ended good times for ,pasha1 at least  
for many months4 ,there followed strange
 doings4 ,there was much excitement     
among the stable-boys1 much riding      
about1 day and night1 by the men of     
,gray ,oaks1 and no hunting at all4 ,one
 day the stables were cleared of all    
horses save ,pasha4  ,some time1 if he  
is needed badly1 you may have ,pasha1   
but not now4 ,miss ,lou had said4 ,and  
then she had hidden her face in his     
cream-white mane and sobbed4 ,just what 
the trouble was ,pasha did not          
understand1 but he was certain ,mars    
,clayton was at the bottom of it4  ,no  
longer did ,miss ,lou ride about the    
country4 ,occasionally she galloped up  
and down the highway1 to the            
,pointdexters and back1 just to let     

,pasha stretch his legs4 ,queer sights  
,pasha saw on these trips4 ,sometimes he
 would pass many men on horses riding   
close together in a pack1 as the hounds 
run when they have the scent4 ,they wore
 strange clothing1 did these men1 and   
they carried1 instead of riding-crops1  
big shiny knives that swung at their    
sides4 ,the sight of them set ,pasha's  
nerves tingling4 ,he would sniff        
curiously after them and then prick     
forward his ears and dance nervously4   
,of course ,pasha knew that something   
unusual was going on1 but what it was he
 could not guess4 ,there came a time1   
however1 when he found out all about it4
 ,months had passed when1 late one      
night1 a hard-breathing1 foam-splotched1
 mud-covered horse was ridden into the  
yard and taken into the almost deserted 
stable4 ,pasha heard the harsh voice of 
,mars ,clayton swearing at the          
stable-boy4 ,pasha heard his own name   
spoken1 and guessed that it was he who  
was wanted4 ,next came ,miss ,lou to the

 stable4  ,i'm very sorry1 he heard     
,mars ,clayton say1 but ,i've got to get
 out of this4 ,the ,yanks are not more  
than five miles behind4  ,but you'll    
take good care of him1 won't you8 he    
heard ,miss ,lou ask eagerly4  ,oh1 yes2
 of course1 replied ,mars ,clayton1     
carelessly4  ,a heavy saddle was thrown 
on ,pasha's back1 the girths pulled     
cruelly tight1 and in a moment ,mars    
,clayton was on his back4 ,they were    
barely clear of ,gray ,oaks driveway    
before ,pasha felt something he had     
never known before4 ,it was as if       
someone had jabbed a lot of little      
knives into his ribs4 ,roused by pain   
and fright1 ,pasha reared in a wild     
attempt to unseat this hateful rider4   
,but ,mars ,clayton's knees seemed glued
 to ,pasha's shoulders4 ,next ,pasha    
tried to shake him off by sudden leaps1 
sidebolts1 and stiff-legged jumps4      
,these manoeuvres brought vicious jerks 
on the wicked chain-bit that was cutting
 ,pasha's tender mouth sorrily and more 

jabs from the little knives4 ,in this   
way did ,pasha fight until his sides ran
 with blood and his breast was plastered
 thick with reddened foam4  ,in the     
meantime he had covered miles of road1  
and at last1 along in the cold gray of  
the morning1 he was ridden into a field 
where were many tents and horses4 ,pasha
 was unsaddled and picketed to a stake4 
,this latter indignity he was too much  
exhausted to resent4 ,all he could do   
was to stand1 shivering with cold1      
trembling from nervous excitement1 and  
wait for what was to happen next4  ,it  
seemed ages before anything did happen4 
,the beginning was a tripping           
bugle-blast4 ,this was answered by the  
voice of other bugles blown here and    
there about the field4 ,in a moment men 
began to tumble out of the white tents4 
,they came by twos and threes and       
dozens1 until the field was full of     
them4 ,fires were built on the ground1  
and soon ,pasha could scent coffee      
boiling and bacon frying4 ,black boys   

began moving about among the horses with
 hay and oats and water4 ,one of them   
rubbed ,pasha hurriedly with a wisp of  
straw4 ,it was little like the currying 
and rubbing with brush and comb and     
flannel to which he was accustomed and  
which he needed just then1 oh1 how      
sadly4 ,his strained muscles had        
stiffened so much that every movement   
gave him pain4 ,so matted was his coat  
with sweat and foam and mud that it     
seemed as if half the pores of his skin 
were choked4  ,he had cooled his parched
 throat with a long draught of somewhat 
muddy water1 but he had eaten only half 
of the armful of hay when again the     
bugles sounded and ,mars ,clayton       
appeared4 ,tightening the girths1 until 
they almost cut into ,pasha's tender    
skin1 he jumped into the saddle and rode
 off to where a lot of big black horses 
were being reined into line4 ,in front  
of this line ,pasha was wheeled4 ,he    
heard the bugles sound once more1 heard 
his rider shout something to the men    

behind1 felt the wicked little knives in
 his sides1 and then1 in spite of aching
 legs1 was forced into a sharp gallop4  
,although he knew it not1 ,pasha had    
joined the ,black ,horse ,cavalry4  ,the
 months that followed were to ,pasha one
 long1 ugly dream4 ,not that he minded  
the hard riding by day and night4 ,in   
time he became used to all that4 ,he    
could even endure the irregular feeding1
 the sleeping in the open during all    
kinds of weather1 and the lack of proper
 grooming4 ,but the vicious jerks on the
 torture-provoking cavalry bit1 the flat
 sabre blows on the flank which he not  
infrequently got from his ill-tempered  
master1 and1 above all1 the cruel digs  
of the spur-wheels--these things he     
could not understand4 ,such treatment he
 was sure he did not merit4 ,mars       
,clayton he came to hate more and more4 
,some day1 ,pasha told himself1 he would
 take vengeance with teeth and heels1   
even if he died for it4  ,in the        
meantime he had learned the cavalry     

drill4 ,he came to know the meaning of  
each varying bugle-call1 from reveille1 
when one began to paw and stamp for     
breakfast1 to mournful taps1 when lights
 went out1 and the tents became dark and
 silent4 ,also1 one learned to slow from
 a gallop into a walk2 when to wheel to 
the right or to the left1 and when to   
start on the jump as the first notes of 
a charge were sounded4 ,it was better to
 learn the bugle-calls1 he found1 than  
to wait for a jerk on the bits or a prod
 from the spurs4  ,no more was he       
terror-stricken1 as he had been on his  
first day in the cavalry1 at hearing    
behind him the thunder of many hoofs4   
,having once become used to the noise1  
he was even thrilled by the swinging    
metre of it4 ,a kind of wild harmony was
 in it1 something which made one forget 
everything else4 ,at such times ,pasha  
longed to break into his long1          
wind-splitting lope1 but he learned that
 he must leave the others no more than a
 pace or two behind1 although he could  

have easily outdistanced them all4      
,also1 ,pasha learned to stand under    
fire4 ,no more did he dance at the crack
 of carbines or the zipp-zipp of        
bullets4 ,he could even hold his ground 
when shells went screaming over him1    
although this was hardest of all to     
bear4 ,one could not see them1 but their
 sound1 like that of great birds in     
flight1 was something to try one's      
nerves4 ,pasha strained his ears to     
catch the note of each shell that came  
whizzing overhead1 and1 as it passed1   
looked inquiringly over his shoulder as 
if to ask1 ,now what on earth was that8 
,but all this experience could not      
prepare him for the happenings of that  
never-to-be-forgotten day in ,june4     
,there had been a period full of hard   
riding and ending with a long halt4 ,for
 several days hay and oats were brought 
with some regularity4 ,pasha was even   
provided with an apology for a stall4   
,it was made by leaning two rails       
against a fence4 ,some hay was thrown   

between the rails4 ,this was a sorry    
substitute for the roomy box-stall1     
filled with clean straw1 which ,pasha   
always had at ,gray ,oaks1 but it was as
 good as any provided for the ,black    
,horse ,cavalry4  ,and how many1 many   
horses there were6 ,as far as ,pasha    
could see in either direction the line  
extended4 ,never before had he seen so  
many horses at one time4 ,and men6 ,the 
fields and woods were full of them2 some
 in brown butternut1 some in homespun   
gray1 and many in clothes having no     
uniformity of color at all4 ,mars       
,clayton was dressed better than most1  
for on his butternut coat were shiny    
shoulder-straps1 and it was closed with 
shiny buttons4 ,pasha took little pride 
in this4 ,he knew his master for a cruel
 and heartless rider1 and for nothing   
more4  ,one day there was a great       
parade1 when ,pasha was carefully       
groomed for the first time in months4   
,there were bands playing and flags     
flying4 ,pasha1 forgetful of his        

ill-treatment and prancing proudly at   
the head of a squadron of coal-black    
horses1 passed in review before a big1  
bearded man wearing a slouch hat        
fantastically decorated with long plumes
 and sitting a great black horse in the 
midst of a little knot of officers4     
,early the next morning ,pasha was      
awakened by the distant growl of heavy  
guns4 ,by daylight he was on the move1  
thousands of other horses with him4     
,nearer and nearer they rode to the     
place where the guns were growling4     
,sometimes they were on roads1 sometimes
 they crossed fields1 and again they    
plunged into the woods where the low    
branches struck one's eyes and scratched
 one's flanks4 ,at last they broke clear
 of the trees to come suddenly upon such
 a scene as ,pasha had never before     
witnessed4  ,far across the open field  
he could see troop on troop of horses   
coming toward him4 ,they seemed to be   
pouring over the crest of a low hill1 as
 if driven onward by some unseen force  

behind4 ,instantly ,pasha heard1 rising 
from the throats of thousands of riders1
 on either side and behind him1 that    
fierce1 wild yell which he had come to  
know meant the approach of trouble4     
,high and shrill and menacing it rang as
 it was taken up and repeated by those  
in the rear4 ,next the bugles began to  
sound1 and in quick obedience the horses
 formed in line just on the edge of the 
woods1 a line which stretched on either 
flank until one could hardly see where  
it ended4  ,from the distant line came  
no answering cry1 but ,pasha could hear 
the bugles blowing and he could see the 
fronts massing4 ,then came the order to 
charge at a gallop4 ,this set ,pasha to 
tugging eagerly at the bit1 but for what
 reason he did not know4 ,he knew only  
that he was part of a great and solid   
line of men and horses sweeping         
furiously across a field toward that    
other line which he had seen pouring    
over the hill crest4  ,he could scarcely
 see at all now4 ,the thousands of hoofs

 had raised a cloud of dust that not    
only enveloped the onrushing line1 but  
rolled before it4 ,nor could ,pasha hear
 anything save the thunderous thud of   
many feet4 ,even the shrieking of the   
shells was drowned4 ,but for the        
restraining bit ,pasha would have leaped
 forward and cleared the line4 ,never   
had he been so stirred4 ,the inherited  
memory of countless desert raids1 made  
by his ,arab ancestors1 was doing its   
work4 ,for what seemed a long time this 
continued1 and then1 in the midst of the
 blind and frenzied race1 there loomed  
out of the thick air1 as if it had      
appeared by magic1 the opposing line4   
,pasha caught a glimpse of something    
which seemed like a heaving wall of     
tossing heads and of foam-whitened necks
 and shoulders4 ,here and there gleamed 
red1 distended nostrils and straining   
eyes4 ,bending above was another wall1 a
 wall of dusty blue coats1 of grim      
faces1 and of dust-powdered hats4       
,bristling above all was a threatening  

crest of waving blades4  ,what would    
happen when the lines met8 ,almost      
before the query was thought there came 
the answer4 ,with an earth-jarring crash
 they came together4 ,the lines wavered 
back from the shock of impact and then  
the whole struggle appeared to ,pasha to
 centre about him4 ,of course this was  
not so4 ,but it was a fact that the most
 conspicuous figure in either line had  
been that of the cream-white charger in 
the very centre of the ,black ,horse    
regiment4  ,for one confused moment     
,pasha heard about his ears the whistle 
and clash of sabres1 the spiteful       
crackle of small arms1 the snorting of  
horses1 and the cries of men4 ,for an   
instant he was wedged tightly in the    
frenzied mass1 and then1 by one         
desperate leap1 such as he had learned  
on the hunting field1 he shook himself  
clear4  ,not until some minutes later   
did ,pasha notice that the stirrups were
 dangling empty and that the bridle-rein
 hung loose on his neck4 ,then he knew  

that at last he was free from ,mars     
,clayton4 ,at the same time he felt     
himself seized by an overpowering dread4
 ,while conscious of a guiding hand on  
the reins ,pasha had abandoned himself  
to the fierce joy of the charge4 ,but   
now1 finding himself riderless in the   
midst of a horrid din1 he knew not what 
to do1 nor which way to turn4 ,his only 
impulse was to escape4 ,but where8      
,lifting high his fine head and snorting
 with terror he rushed about1 first this
 way and then that1 frantically seeking 
a way out of this fog-filled field of   
dreadful pandemonium4 ,now he swerved in
 his course to avoid a charging squad1  
now he was turned aside by prone objects
 at sight of which he snorted fearfully4
 ,although the blades still rang and the
 carbines still spoke1 there were no    
more to be seen either lines or order4  
,here and there in the dust-clouds      
scurried horses1 some with riders and   
some without1 by twos1 by fours1 or in  
squads of twenty or more4 ,the sound of 

shooting and slashing and shouting      
filled the air4  ,to ,pasha it seemed an
 eternity that he had been tearing about
 the field when he shied at the figure  
of a man sitting on the ground4 ,pasha  
was about to wheel and dash away when   
the man called to him4 ,surely the tones
 were familiar4 ,with wide-open1        
sniffing nostrils and trembling knees1  
,pasha1 stopped and looked hard at the  
man on the ground4  ,pasha6 ,pasha6 the 
man called weakly4 ,the voice sounded   
like that of ,mr4 ,dave4  ,come1 boy6   
,come1 boy6 said the man in a coaxing   
tone1 which recalled to ,pasha the      
lessons he had learned at ,gray ,oaks   
years before4 ,still ,pasha sniffed and 
hesitated4  ,come here1 ,pasha1 old     
fellow4 ,for ,god's sake1 come here6    
,there was no resisting this appeal4    
,step by step ,pasha went nearer4 ,he   
continued to tremble1 for this man on   
the ground1 although his voice was that 
of ,mr4 ,dave1 looked much different    
from the one who had taught him tricks4 

,besides1 there was about him the scent 
of fresh blood4 ,pasha could see the    
stain of it on his blue trousers4       
,come1 boy4 ,come1 ,pasha1 insisted the 
man on the ground1 holding out an       
encouraging hand4 ,slowly ,pasha obeyed 
until he could sniff the man's fingers4 
,another step and the man was smoothing 
his nose1 still speaking gently and     
coaxingly in a faint voice4 ,in the end 
,pasha was assured that the man was     
really the ,mr4 ,dave of old1 and glad  
enough ,pasha was to know it4  ,now1    
,pasha1 said ,mr4 ,dave1 we'll see if   
you've forgotten your tricks1 and may   
the good ,lord grant you haven't4 ,down1
 sir6 ,kneel1 ,pasha1 kneel6  ,it had   
been a long time since ,pasha had been  
asked to do this1 a very long time2 but 
here was ,mr4 ,dave asking him1 in just 
the same tone as of old1 and in just the
 same way4 ,so ,pasha1 forgetting his   
terror under the soothing spell of ,mr4 
,dave's voice1 forgetting the fearful   
sights and sounds about him1 remembering

 only that here was the ,mr4 ,dave whom 
he loved1 asking him to do his old      
trick--well1 ,pasha knelt4  ,easy now1  
boy2 steady6 ,pasha heard him say4 ,mr4 
,dave was dragging himself along the    
ground to ,pasha's side4 ,steady now1   
,pasha2 steady1 boy6 ,he felt ,mr4      
,dave's hand on the pommel4 ,so-o-o1    
boy2 so-o-o-o6 ,slowly1 oh1 so slowly1  
he felt ,mr4 ,dave crawling into the    
saddle1 and although ,pasha's knees     
ached from the unfamiliar strain1 he    
stirred not a muscle until he got the   
command1 ,up1 ,pasha1 up6  ,then1 with a
 trusted hand on the bridle-rein1 ,pasha
 joyfully bounded away through the fog1 
until the battle-field was left behind4 
,of the long ride that ensued only      
,pasha knows1 for ,mr4 ,dave kept his   
seat in the saddle more by force of     
muscular habit than anything else4 ,a   
man who has learned to sleep on         
horseback does not easily fall off1 even
 though he has not the full command of  
his senses4 ,only for the first hour or 

so did ,pasha's rider do much toward    
guiding their course4 ,in               
hunting-horses1 however1 the sense of   
direction is strong4 ,pasha had         
it--especially for one point of the     
compass4 ,this point was south4 ,so1    
unknowing of the possible peril into    
which he might be taking his rider1     
south he went4 ,how ,pasha ever did it1 
as ,i have said1 only ,pasha knows2 but 
in the end he struck the ,richmond      
,pike4  ,it was a pleading whinny which 
aroused ,miss ,lou at early daybreak4   
,under her window she saw ,pasha1 and on
 his back a limp figure in a blue1      
dust-covered1 dark-stained uniform4 ,and
 that was how ,pasha's cavalry career   
came to an end4 ,that one fierce charge 
was his last4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,in the           
,washington home of a certain ,maine    
,congressman you may see1 hung in a     
place of honor and lavishly framed1 the 
picture of a horse4 ,it is very         
creditably done in oils1 is this        

picture4 ,it is of a cream-white horse1 
with an arched neck1 clean1 slim legs1  
and a splendid flowing tail4  ,should   
you have any favors of state to ask of  
this ,maine ,congressman it would be the
 wise thing1 before stating your        
request1 to say something nice about the
 horse in the picture4 ,then the        
,congressman will probably say1 looking 
fondly at the picture3 ,i must tell     
,lou--er--my wife1 you know1 what you   
have said4 ,yes1 that was ,pasha4 ,he   
saved my neck at ,brandy ,station4 ,he  
was one-half ,arab1 ,pasha was1 and the 
other half1 sir1 was human4    #cib     
,louisa de la ,ramee 7#ahci-aijh71 an   
,english         novelist1 is generally 
known by her pseudonym         ,ouida1  
which was the result of a child's       
attempt to pronounce her first name4    
,her novels         had strong popular  
qualities3 intensely         dramatic1  
with sentiment rather high-pitched      
and always verging on the sensational4  
,the         intense human interest is  

constantly present in         her work  
and accounts for her great vogue4 ,two  
of her stories1 ,the ,dog of ,flanders  
and         ,moufflou1 have gained a    
permanent place in         juvenile     
literature4 ,they are popular among     
sixth1 seventh1 and eighth grade pupils4
   ,,moufflou  ,,ouida  ,moufflou's     
masters were some boys and girls4 ,they 
were very poor1 but they were very      
merry4 ,they lived in an old1 dark1     
tumble-down place1 and their father had 
been dead five years2 their mother's    
care was all they knew2 and ,tasso was  
the eldest of them all1 a lad of nearly 
twenty1 and he was so kind1 so good1 so 
laborious1 so cheerful1 so gentle1 that 
the children all younger than he adored 
him4 ,tasso was a gardener4 ,tasso1     
however1 though the eldest and mainly   
the bread-winner1 was not so much       
,moufflou's master as was little        
,romolo1 who was only ten1 and a        
cripple4 ,romolo1 called generally      
,lolo1 had taught ,moufflou all he knew2

 and that all was a very great deal1 for
 nothing cleverer than was ,moufflou had
 ever walked upon four legs4  ,why      
,moufflou8  ,well1 when the poodle had  
been given to them by a soldier who was 
going back to his home in ,piedmont1 he 
had been a white woolly creature a year 
old1 and the children's mother1 who was 
a ,corsican by birth1 had said that he  
was just like a moufflon1 as they call  
sheep in ,corsica4 ,white and woolly    
this dog remained1 and he became the    
handsomest and biggest poodle in all the
 city1 and the corruption of ,moufflou  
from ,moufflon remained the name by     
which he was known2 it was silly1       
perhaps1 but it suited him and the      
children1 and ,moufflou he was4  ,they  
lived in an old quarter of ,florence1 in
 that picturesque zigzag which goes     
round the grand church of ,or ,san      
,michele1 and which is almost more      
,venetian than ,tuscan in its mingling  
of color1 charm1 stateliness1 popular   
confusion1 and architectural majesty4   

,the tall old houses are weather-beaten 
into the most delicious hues2 the       
pavement is enchantingly encumbered with
 peddlers and stalls and all kinds of   
trades going on in the open air1 in that
 bright1 merry1 beautiful ,italian      
custom which1 alas1 alas6 is being      
driven away by new-fangled laws which   
deem it better for the people to be     
stuffed up in close1 stewing rooms      
without air1 and would fain do away with
 all the good-tempered politics and the 
sensible philosophies and the wholesome 
chatter which the open-street trades and
 street gossipry encourage1 for it is   
good for the populace to sfogare and in 
no other way can it do so one-half so   
innocently4 ,drive it back into musty   
shops1 and it is driven at once to      
mutter sedition4 4 4 4 ,but you want to 
hear about ,moufflou4  ,well1 ,moufflou 
lived here in that high house with the  
sign of the lamb in wrought iron1 which 
shows it was once a warehouse of the old
 guild of the ,arte della ,lana4 ,they  

are all old houses here1 drawn round    
about that grand church which ,i called 
once1 and will call again1 like a mighty
 casket of oxidized silver4 ,a mighty   
casket indeed1 holding the ,holy ,spirit
 within it2 and with the vermilion and  
the blue and the orange glowing in its  
niches and its lunettes like enamels1   
and its statues of the apostles strong  
and noble1 like the times in which they 
were created1--,st4 ,peter with his     
keys1 and ,st4 ,mark with his open book1
 and ,st4 ,george leaning on his sword1 
and others also1 solemn and austere as  
they1 austere though benign1 for do they
 not guard the ,white ,tabernacle of    
,oreagna within8  ,the church stands    
firm as a rock1 square as a fortress of 
stone1 and the winds and the waters of  
the skies may beat about it as they     
will1 they have no power to disturb its 
sublime repose4 ,sometimes ,i think of  
all the noble things in all our ,italy  
,or ,san ,michele is the noblest1       
standing there in its stern             

magnificence1 amidst people's hurrying  
feet and noisy laughter1 a memory of    
,god4  ,the little masters of ,moufflou 
lived right in its shadow1 where the    
bridge of stone spans the space between 
the houses and the church high in       
mid-air2 and little ,lolo loved the     
church with a great love4 ,he loved it  
in the morning-time1 when the sunbeams  
turned it into dusky gold and jasper2 he
 loved it in the evening-time1 when the 
lights of its altars glimmered in the   
dark1 and the scent of its incense came 
out into the street2 he loved it in the 
great feasts1 when the huge clusters of 
lilies were borne inside it2 he loved it
 in the solemn nights of winter2 the    
flickering gleam of the dull lamps shone
 on the robes of an apostle1 or the     
sculpture of a shield1 or the glow of a 
casement-moulding in majolica4 ,he loved
 it always1 and1 without knowing why1 he
 called it la mia chiesa4  ,lolo1 being 
lame and of delicate health1 was not    
enabled to go to school or to work1     

though he wove the straw covering of    
wine-flasks and plaited the cane matting
 with busy fingers4 ,but for the most   
part he did as he liked1 and spent most 
of his time sitting on the parapet of   
,or ,san ,michele1 watching the venders 
of earthenware at their trucks1 or      
trotting with his crutch 7and he could  
trot a good many miles when he chose7   
out with ,moufflou down a bit of the    
,stocking-makers' ,street1 along under  
the arcades of the ,uffizi1 and so over 
the ,jewellers' ,bridge1 and out of     
byways that he knew into the fields on  
the hill-side upon the other bank of    
,arno4 ,moufflou and he would spend half
 the day--all the day--out there in     
daffodil-time2 and ,lolo would come home
 with great bundles and sheaves of      
golden flowers1 and he and ,moufflou    
were happy4  ,his mother never liked to 
say a harsh word to ,lolo1 for he was   
lame through her fault2 she had let him 
fall in his babyhood1 and the mischief  
had been done to his hip never again to 

be undone4 ,so she never raised her     
voice to him1 though she did often to   
the others1--to curly-pated ,cecco1 and 
pretty black-eyed ,dina1 and saucy      
,bice1 and sturdy ,beppo1 and even to   
the good1 manly1 hard-working ,tasso4   
,tasso was the mainstay of the whole1   
though he was but a gardener's lad1     
working in the green ,cascine at small  
wages4 ,but all he earned he brought    
home to his mother2 and he alone kept in
 order the lazy1 high-tempered ,sandro1 
and he alone kept in check ,bice's love 
of finery1 and he alone could with      
shrewdness and care make both ends meet 
and put minestra always in the pot and  
bread always in the cupboard4  ,when his
 mother thought1 as she thought indeed  
almost ceaselessly1 that with a few     
months he would be of the age to draw   
his number1 and might draw a high one   
and be taken from her for three years1  
the poor soul believed her very heart   
would burst and break2 and many a day at
 twilight she would start out           

unperceived and creep into the great    
church and pour her soul forth in       
supplication before the ,white          
,tabernacle4  ,yet1 pray as she would1  
no miracle could happen to make ,tasso  
free of military service3 if he drew a  
fatal number1 go he must1 even though he
 take all the lives of them to their    
ruin with him4  ,one morning ,lolo sat  
as usual on the parapet of the church1  
,moufflou beside him4 ,it was a         
brilliant morning in ,september4 ,the   
men at the hand-barrows and at the stall
 were selling the crockery1 the silk    
handkerchiefs1 and the straw hats which 
form the staple of the commerce that    
goes on round about ,or ,san            
,michele1--very blithe1 good-natured1   
gay commerce1 for the most part1 not got
 through1 however1 of course1 without   
bawling and screaming1 and shouting and 
gesticulating1 as if the sale of a penny
 pipkin or a twopenny pie-pan were the  
occasion for the exchange of many       
thousands of pounds sterling and cause  

for the whole world's commotion4 ,it was
 about eleven o'clock2 the poor         
petitioners were going in for alms to   
the house of the fraternity of ,san     
,giovanni ,battista2 the barber at the  
corner was shaving a big man with a     
cloth tucked about his chin1 and his    
chair set well out on the pavement2 the 
sellers of the pipkins and pie-pans were
 screaming till they were hoarse1 ,un   
soldo l'uno1 due soldi tre6 big bronze  
bells were booming till they seemed to  
clang right up to the deep-blue sky2    
some brethren of the ,misericordia went 
by bearing a black bier2 a large sheaf  
of glowing flowers--dahlias1 zinnias1   
asters1 and daturas--was borne through  
the huge arched door of the church near 
,st4 ,mark and his open book4 ,lolo     
looked on at it all1 and so did         
,moufflou1 and a stranger looked at them
 as he left the church4  ,you have a    
handsome poodle there1 my little man1 he
 said to ,lolo1 in a foreigner's too    
distinct and careful ,italian4          

,moufflou is beautiful1 said ,lolo1 with
 pride4 ,you should see him when he is  
just washed2 but we can only wash him on
 ,sundays1 because then ,tasso is at    
home4  ,how old is your dog8  ,three    
years old4  ,does he do any tricks8     
,does he6 said ,lolo1 with a very       
derisive laugh3 why1 ,moufflou can do   
anything6 ,he can walk on two legs ever 
so long2 make ready1 present1 and fire2 
die2 waltz2 beg1 of course2 shut a door2
 make a wheelbarrow of himself2 there is
 nothing he will not do4 ,would you like
 to see him do something8  ,very much1  
said the foreigner4  ,to ,moufflou and  
to ,lolo the street was the same thing  
as home2 this cheery piazzetta by the   
church1 so utterly empty sometimes1 and 
sometimes so noisy and crowded1 was but 
the wider threshold of their home to    
both the poodle and the child4  ,so     
there1 under the lofty and stately walls
 of the old church1 ,lolo put ,moufflou 
through his exercises4 ,they were second
 nature to ,moufflou1 as to most        

poodles4 ,he had inherited his address  
at them from clever parents1 and1 as he 
had never been frightened or coerced1   
all his lessons and acquirements were   
but play to him4 ,he acquitted himself  
admirably1 and the crockery-venders came
 and looked on1 and a sacristan came out
 of the church and smiled1 and the      
barber left his customer's chin all in a
 lather while he laughed1 for the good  
folk of the quarter were all proud of   
,moufflou and never tired of him1 and   
the pleasant1 easy-going1 good-humored  
disposition of the ,tuscan populace is  
so far removed from the stupid buckram  
and whale-bone in which the new-fangled 
democracy wants to imprison it4  ,the   
stranger also was much diverted by      
,moufflou's talents1 and said1 half     
aloud1 ,how this clever dog would amuse 
poor ,victor6 ,would you bring your     
poodle to please a sick child ,i have at
 home6 he said1 quite aloud1 to ,lolo1  
who smiled and answered that he would4  
,where was the sick child8  ,at the     

,gran ,bretagna2 not far off1 said the  
gentleman4 ,come this afternoon1 and ask
 for me by this name4  ,he dropped his  
card and a couple of francs into ,lolo's
 hand1 and went his way4 ,lolo1 with    
,moufflou scampering after him1 dashed  
into his own house1 and stumped up the  
stairs1 his crutch making a terrible    
noise on the stone4  ,mother1 mother6   
see what ,i have got because ,moufflou  
did his tricks1 he shouted4 ,and now you
 can buy those shoes you want so much1  
and the coffee that you miss so of a    
morning1 and the new linen for ,tasso1  
and the shirts for ,sandro4  ,for to the
 mind of ,lolo two francs was as two    
millions1--source unfathomable of riches
 inexhaustible6  ,with the afternoon he 
and ,moufflou trotted down the arcades  
of the ,uffizi and down the ,lung' ,arno
 to the hotel of the stranger1 and1     
showing the stranger's card1 which ,lolo
 could not read1 they were shown at once
 into a great chamber1 all gilding and  
fresco and velvet furniture4  ,but      

,lolo1 being a little ,florentine1 was  
never troubled by externals1 or daunted 
by mere sofas and chairs3 he stood and  
looked around him with perfect          
composure2 and ,moufflou1 whose         
attitude1 when he was not romping1 was  
always one of magisterial gravity1 sat  
on his haunches and did the same4  ,soon
 the foreigner he had seen in the       
forenoon entered and spoke to him1 and  
led him into another chamber1 where     
stretched on a couch was a little       
wan-faced boy about seven years old2 a  
pretty boy1 but so pallid1 so wasted1 so
 helpless4 ,this poor little boy was    
heir to a great name and a great        
fortune1 but all the science in the     
world could not make him strong enough  
to run about among the daisies1 or able 
to draw a single breath without pain4 ,a
 feeble smile lit up his face as he saw 
,moufflou and ,lolo2 then a shadow      
chased it away4  ,little boy is lame    
like me1 he said1 in a tongue ,lolo did 
not understand4  ,yes1 but he is a      

strong little boy1 and can move about1  
as perhaps the suns of his country will 
make you do1 said the gentleman1 who was
 the poor little boy's father4 ,he has  
brought you his poodle to amuse you4    
,what a handsome dog6 is it not8  ,oh1  
buffins6 said the poor little fellow1   
stretching out his wasted hands to      
,moufflou1 who submitted his leonine    
crest to the caress4  ,then ,lolo went  
through the performance1 and ,moufflou  
acquitted himself ably as ever2 and the 
little invalid laughed and shouted with 
his tiny thin voice1 and enjoyed it all 
immensely1 and rained cakes and biscuits
 on both the poodle and its master4     
,lolo crumped the pastries with willing 
white teeth1 and ,moufflou did no less4 
,then they got up to go1 and the sick   
child on the couch burst into fretful   
lamentations and outcries4  ,i want the 
dog6 ,i will have the dog6 was all he   
kept repeating4  ,but ,lolo did not know
 what he said1 and was only sorry to see
 him so unhappy4  ,you shall have the   

dog to-morrow1 said the gentleman1 to   
pacify his little son2 and he hurried   
,lolo and ,moufflou out of the room1 and
 consigned them to a servant1 having    
given ,lolo five francs this time4      
,why1 ,moufflou1 said ,lolo1 with a     
chuckle of delight1 if we could find a  
foreigner every day1 we could eat meat  
at supper1 ,moufflou1 and go to the     
theatre every evening8  ,and he and his 
crutch clattered home with great        
eagerness and excitement1 and ,moufflou 
trotted on his four frilled feet1 the   
blue bow with which ,bice had tied up   
his curls on the top of his head1       
fluttering in the wind4 ,but1 alas6 even
 his five francs could bring no comfort 
at home4 ,he found his whole family     
wailing and mourning in utterly         
inconsolable distress4  ,tasso had drawn
 his number that morning1 and the number
 was seven1 and he must go and be a     
conscript for three years4  ,the poor   
young man stood in the midst of his     
weeping brothers and sisters1 with his  

mother leaning against his shoulder1 and
 down his own brown cheeks the tears    
were falling4 ,he must go1 and lose his 
place in the public gardens1 and leave  
his people to starve as they might1 and 
be put in a tomfool's jacket1 and       
drafted off among cursing and swearing  
and strange faces1 friendless1 homeless1
 miserable6 ,and the mother1--what would
 become of the mother8  ,tasso was the  
best of lads and the mildest4 ,he was   
quite happy sweeping up the leaves in   
the long alleys of the ,cascine1 or     
mowing the green lawns under the ilex   
avenues1 and coming home at supper-time1
 among the merry little people and the  
good woman that he loved4 ,he was quite 
contented2 he wanted nothing1 only to be
 let alone2 and they would not let him  
alone4 ,they would haul him away to put 
a heavy musket in his hand and a heavy  
knapsack on his back1 and drill him1 and
 curse him1 and make him into a human   
target1 a live popinjay4  ,no one had   
any heed for ,lolo and his five francs1 

and ,moufflou1 understanding that some  
great sorrow had fallen on his friends1 
sat down and lifted up his voice and    
howled4  ,tasso must go away6--that was 
all they understood4 ,for three long    
years they must go without the sight of 
his face1 the aid of his strength1 the  
pleasure of his smile3 ,tasso must go6  
,when ,lolo understood the calamity that
 had befallen them1 he gathered         
,moufflou up against his breast1 and sat
 down too on the floor beside him and   
cried as if he would never stop crying4 
,there was no help for it2 it was one of
 those misfortunes which are1 as we say 
in ,italian1 like a tile tumbled on the 
head4 ,the tile drops from a height1 and
 the poor head bows under the unseen    
blow4 ,that is all4  ,what is the use of
 that8 said the mother1 passionately1   
when ,lolo showed her his five francs4  
,it will not buy ,tasso's discharge4    
,lolo felt that his mother was cruel and
 unjust1 and crept to bed with          
,moufflou4 ,moufflou always slept on    

,lolo's feet4  ,the next morning ,lolo  
got up before sunrise1 and he and       
,moufflou accompanied ,tasso to his work
 in the ,cascine4  ,lolo loved his      
brother1 and clung to every moment      
whilst they could still be together4    
,can nothing keep you1 ,tasso8 he said1 
despairingly1 as they went down the     
leafy aisles1 whilst the ,arno water was
 growing golden as the sun rose4  ,tasso
 sighed4  ,nothing1 dear4 ,unless ,gesu 
would send me a thousand francs to buy a
 substitute4  ,and he knew he might as  
well have said1 ,if one could coin gold 
ducats out of the sunbeams on ,arno     
water4  ,lolo was very sorrowful as he  
lay on the grass in the meadow where    
,tasso was at work1 and the poodle lay  
stretched beside him4  ,when ,lolo went 
home to dinner 7,tasso took his wrapped 
in a handkerchief7 he found his mother  
very agitated and excited4 ,she was     
laughing one moment1 crying the next4   
,she was passionate and peevish1 tender 
and jocose by turns2 there was something

 forced and feverish about her which the
 children felt but did not comprehend4  
,she was a woman of not very much       
intelligence1 and she had a secret1 and 
she carried it ill1 and knew not what to
 do with it2 but they could not tell    
that4 ,they only felt a vague sense of  
disturbance and timidity at her unwonted
 manner4  ,the meal over 7it was only   
bean-soup1 and that is soon eaten71 the 
mother said sharply to ,lolo1 ,your aunt
 ,anita wants you this afternoon4 ,she  
has to go out1 and you are needed to    
stay with the children3 be off with you4
  ,lolo was an obedient child2 he took  
his hat and jumped up as quickly as his 
halting hip would let him4 ,he called   
,moufflou1 who was asleep4  ,leave the  
dog1 said his mother1 sharply4 ',nita   
will not have him messing and carrying  
mud about her nice clean rooms4 ,she    
told me so4 ,leave him4 ,i say4  ,leave 
,moufflou6 echoed ,lolo1 for never in   
all ,moufflou's life had ,lolo parted   
from him4 ,leave ,moufflou6 ,he stared  

open-eyed and open-mouthed at his       
mother4 ,what could have come to her8   
,leave him1 ,i say1 she repeated1 more  
sharply than ever4 ,must ,i speak twice 
to my own children8 ,be off with you1   
and leave the dog1 ,i say4  ,and she    
clutched ,moufflou by his long silky    
mane and dragged him backwards1 whilst  
with the other hand she thrust out of   
the door ,lolo and ,bice4  ,lolo began  
to hammer with his crutch at the door   
thus closed on him2 but ,bice coaxed and
 entreated him4  ,poor mother has been  
so worried about ,tasso1 she pleaded4   
,and what harm can come to ,moufflou8   
,and ,i do think he was tired1 ,lolo2   
the ,cascine is a long way2 and it is   
quite true that ,aunt ',nita never liked
 him4  ,so by one means and another she 
coaxed her brother away2 and they went  
almost in silence to where their ,aunt  
,anita dwelt1 which was across the      
river1 near the dark-red bell-shaped    
dome of ,santa ,spirito4  ,it was true  
that her aunt had wanted them to mind   

her room and her babies whilst she was  
away carrying home some lace to a villa 
outside the ,roman gate1 for she was a  
lace-washer and clear-starcher by trade4
 ,there they had to stay in the little  
dark room with the two babies1 with     
nothing to amuse the time except the    
clang of the bells of the church of the 
,holy ,spirit1 and the voices of the    
lemonade-sellers shouting in the street 
below4 ,aunt ,anita did not get back    
till it was more than dusk1 and the two 
children trotted homeward hand in hand1 
,lolo's leg dragging itself painfully   
along1 for without ,moufflou's white    
figure dancing on before him he felt    
very tired indeed4 ,it was pitch dark   
when they got to ,or ,san ,michele1 and 
the lamps burned dully4  ,lolo stumped  
up the stairs wearily1 with a vague1    
dull fear at his small heart4           
,moufflou1 ,moufflou6 he called4 ,where 
was ,moufflou8 ,always at the first     
sound of his crutch the poodle came     
flying towards him4 ,moufflou1          

,moufflou6 he called all the way up the 
long1 dark twisting stone stair4 ,he    
pushed open the door1 and he called     
again1 ,moufflou1 ,moufflou6  ,but no   
dog answered to his call4  ,mother1     
where is ,moufflou8 he asked1 staring   
with blinking1 dazzled eyes into the    
oil-lit room where his mother sat       
knitting4 ,tasso was not then home from 
work4 ,his mother went on with her      
knitting2 there was an uneasy look on   
her face4  ,mother1 what have you done  
with ,moufflou1 my ,moufflou8 said      
,lolo1 with a look that was almost stern
 on his ten-year-old face4  ,then his   
mother1 without looking up and moving   
her knitting-needles very rapidly1      
said1--  ,moufflou is sold6  ,and little
 ,dina1 who was a quick1 pert child1    
cried1 with a shrill voice1--  ,mother  
has sold him for a thousand francs to   
the foreign gentleman4  ,sold him6      
,lolo grew white and grew cold as ice2  
he stammered1 threw up his hands over   
his head1 gasped a little for breath1   

then fell down in a dead swoon1 his poor
 useless limb doubled under him4  ,when 
,tasso came home that sad night and     
found his little brother shivering1     
moaning1 and half delirious1 and when he
 heard what had been done1 he was sorely
 grieved4  ,oh1 mother1 how could you do
 it8 he cried4 ,poor1 poor ,moufflou6   
and ,lolo loves him so6  ,i have got the
 money1 said his mother1 feverishly1 and
 you will not need to go for a soldier3 
we can buy your substitute4 ,what is a  
poodle1 that you mourn about it8 ,we can
 get another poodle for ,lolo4  ,another
 will not be ,moufflou1 said ,tasso1 and
 yet was seized with such a frantic     
happiness himself at the knowledge that 
he would not need go to the army1 that  
he too felt as if he were drunk on new  
wine1 and had not the heart to rebuke   
his mother4  ,a thousand francs6 he     
muttered2 a thousand francs6 ,dio mio6  
,who could ever have fancied anybody    
would have given such a price for a     
common white poodle8 ,one would think   

the gentleman had bought the church and 
the tabernacle6  ,fools and their money 
are soon parted1 said his mother1 with  
cross contempt4  ,it was true3 she had  
sold ,moufflou4  ,the ,english gentleman
 had called on her while ,lolo and the  
dog had been in the ,cascine1 and had   
said that he was desirous of buying the 
poodle1 which had so diverted his sick  
child that the little invalid would not 
be comforted unless he possessed it4    
,now1 at any other time the good woman  
would have sturdily refused any idea of 
selling ,moufflou2 but that morning the 
thousand francs which would buy ,tasso's
 substitute were forever in her mind and
 before her eyes4 ,when she heard the   
foreigner her heart gave a great leap1  
and her head swam giddily1 and she      
thought1 in a spasm of longing--if she  
could get those thousand francs6 ,but   
though she was so dizzy and so upset she
 retained her grip on her native        
,florentine shrewdness4 ,she said       
nothing of her need of the money2 not a 

syllable of her sore distress4 ,on the  
contrary1 she was coy and wary1 affected
 great reluctance to part with her pet1 
invented a great offer made for him by a
 director of a circus1 and finally let  
fall a hint that less than a thousand   
francs she could never take for poor    
,moufflou4  ,the gentleman assented with
 so much willingness to the price that  
she instantly regretted not having asked
 double4 ,he told her that if she would 
take the poodle that afternoon to his   
hotel the money should be paid to her2  
so she despatched her children after    
their noonday meal in various           
directions1 and herself took ,moufflou  
to his doom4 ,she could not believe her 
senses when ten hundred-franc notes were
 put into her hand4 ,she scrawled her   
signature1 ,rosina ,calabucci1 to a     
formal receipt1 and went away1 leaving  
,moufflou in his new owner's rooms1 and 
hearing his howls and moans pursue her  
all the way down the staircase and out  
into the air4  ,she was not easy at what

 she had done4  ,it seemed1 she said to 
herself1 like selling a ,christian4     
,but then to keep her eldest son at     
home1--what a joy that was6 ,on the     
whole1 she cried so and laughed so as   
she went down the ,lung' ,arno that once
 or twice people looked at her1 thinking
 her out of her senses1 and a guard     
spoke to her angrily4  ,meanwhile1 ,lolo
 was sick and delirious with grief4     
,twenty times he got out of his bed and 
screamed to be allowed to go with       
,moufflou1 and twenty times his mother  
and his brothers put him back again and 
held him down and tried in vain to quiet
 him4  ,the child was beside himself    
with misery4 ,moufflou6 ,moufflou6 he   
sobbed at every moment2 and by night he 
was in a raging fever1 and when his     
mother1 frightened1 ran in and called in
 the doctor of the quarter1 that worthy 
shook his head and said something as to 
a shock of the nervous system1 and      
muttered a long word1--meningitis4      
,lolo took a hatred to the sight of     

,tasso1 and thrust him away1 and his    
mother too4  ,it is for you ,moufflou is
 sold1 he said1 with his little teeth   
and hands tight clinched4  ,after a day 
or two ,tasso felt as if he could not   
bear his life1 and went down to the     
hotel to see if the foreign gentleman   
would allow him to have ,moufflou back  
for half an hour to quiet his little    
brother by a sight of him4 ,but at the  
hotel he was told that the ,milord      
,inglese who had bought the dog of      
,rosina ,calabucci had gone that same   
night of the purchase to ,rome1 to      
,naples1 to ,palermo1 chi sa8  ,and     
,moufflou with him8 asked ,tasso4  ,the 
barbone he had bought went with him1    
said the porter of the hotel4 ,such a   
beast6 ,howling1 shrieking1 raging all  
the day1 and all the paint scratched off
 the salon door4  ,poor ,moufflou6      
,tasso's heart was heavy as he heard of 
that sad helpless misery of their       
bartered favorite and friend4  ,what    
matter8 said his mother1 fiercely1 when 

he told her4 ,a dog is a dog4 ,they will
 feed him better than we could4 ,in a   
week he will have forgotten--che6  ,but 
,tasso feared that ,moufflou would not  
forget4 ,lolo certainly would not4 ,the 
doctor came to the bedside twice a day1 
and ice and water were kept on the      
aching hot little head that had got the 
malady with the long name1 and for the  
chief part of the time ,lolo lay quiet1 
dull1 and stupid1 breathing heavily1 and
 then at intervals cried and sobbed and 
shrieked hysterically for ,moufflou4    
,can you not get what he calls for to   
quiet him with a sight of it8 said the  
doctor4 ,but that was not possible1 and 
poor ,rosina covered her head with her  
apron and felt a guilty creature4       
,still1 you will not go to the army1 she
 said to ,tasso4 ,clinging to that      
immense joy for her consolation4 ,only  
think6 we can pay ,guido ,squarcione to 
go for you4 ,he always said he would go 
if anybody would pay him4 ,oh1 my       
,tasso1 surely to keep you is worth a   

dog's life6  ,and ,lolo's8 said ,tasso1 
gloomily4 ,nay1 mother1 it works ill to 
meddle too much with fate4 ,i drew my   
number2 ,i was bound to go4 ,heaven     
would have made it up to you somehow4   
,heaven sent me the foreigner2 the      
,madonna's own self sent him to ease a  
mother's pain1 said ,rosina1 rapidly and
 angrily4 ,there are the thousand francs
 safe to hand in the cassone1 and what1 
pray1 is it we miss8 ,only a dog like a 
sheep1 that brought gallons of mud in   
with him every time it rained1 and ate  
as much as any one of you4  ,but ,lolo8 
said ,tasso1 under his breath4  ,his    
mother was so irritated and so tormented
 by her own conscience that she upset   
all the cabbage broth into the burning  
charcoal4  ,lolo was always a little    
fool1 thinking of nothing but the church
 and the dog and nasty field-flowers1   
she said1 angrily4 ,i humored him ever  
too much because of the hurt to his hip1
 and so--and so--  ,then the poor soul  
made matters worse by dropping her tears

 into the saucepan1 and fanning the     
charcoal so furiously that the flame    
caught her fan of cane-leaves1 and would
 have burned her arm had not ,tasso been
 there4  ,you are my prop and safety    
always4 ,who would not have done what ,i
 did8 ,not ,santa ,felicita herself1 she
 said1 with a great sob4  ,but all this 
did not cure poor ,lolo4  ,the days and 
the weeks of the golden autumn weather  
passed away1 and he was always in       
danger1 and the small close room where  
he slept with ,sandro and ,beppo and    
,tasso was not one to cure such an      
illness as had now beset him4 ,tasso    
went to his work with a sick heart in   
the ,cascine1 where the colchicum was   
all lilac among the meadow grass1 and   
the ashes and elms were taking their    
first flush of the coming autumnal      
change4 ,he did not think ,lolo would   
ever get well1 and the good lad felt as 
if he had been the murderer of his      
little brother4  ,true1 he had had no   
hand or voice in the sale of ,moufflou1 

but ,moufflou had been sold for his     
sake4 ,it made him feel half guilty1    
very unhappy1 quite unworthy of all the 
sacrifice that had been made for him4   
,nobody should meddle with fate1 thought
 ,tasso1 who knew his grandfather had   
died in ,san ,bonifazio because he had  
driven himself mad over the dream-book  
trying to get lucky numbers for the     
lottery and become a rich man at a      
stroke4  ,it was rapture1 indeed1 to    
know that he was free of the army for a 
time at least1 that he might go on      
undisturbed at his healthful labor1 and 
get a rise in wages as time went on1 and
 dwell in peace with his family1 and    
perhaps--perhaps in time earn enough to 
marry pretty flaxen-haired ,biondina1   
the daughter of the barber in the       
piazzetta4 ,it was rapture indeed2 but  
then poor ,moufflou6--and poor1 poor    
,lolo6 ,tasso felt as if he had bought  
his own exemption by seeing his little  
brother and the good dog torn in pieces 
and buried alive for his service4  ,and 

where was poor ,moufflou8  ,gone far    
away somewhere south in the hurrying1   
screeching1 vomiting1 braying train it  
made ,tasso giddy only to look at as it 
rushed by the green meadows beyond the  
,cascine on its way to the sea4  ,if he 
could see the dog he cries so for1 it   
might save him1 said the doctor1 who    
stood with grave face watching ,lolo4   
,but that was beyond any one's power4   
,no one could tell where ,moufflou was4 
,he might be carried away to ,england1  
to ,france1 to ,russia1 to              
,america1--who could say8 ,they did not 
know where his purchaser had gone4      
,moufflou even might be dead4  ,the poor
 mother1 when the doctor said that1 went
 and looked at the ten hundred-franc    
notes that were once like angels' faces 
to her1 and said to them1--  ,oh1 you   
children of ,satan1 why did you tempt   
me8 ,i sold the poor1 innocent1 trustful
 beast to get you1 and now my child is  
dying6  ,her eldest son would stay at   
home1 indeed2 but if this little lame   

one died6 ,rosina ,calabucci would have 
given up the notes and consented never  
to own five francs in her life if only  
she could have gone back over the time  
and kept ,moufflou1 and seen his little 
master running out with him into the    
sunshine4  ,more than a month went by1  
and ,lolo lay in the same state1 his    
yellow hair shorn1 his eyes dilated and 
yet stupid1 life kept in him by a       
spoonful of milk1 a lump of ice1 a drink
 of lemon-water2 always muttering1 when 
he spoke at all1 ,moufflou1 ,moufflou1  
dov' e ,moufflou8 and lying for days    
together in somnolence and              
unconsciousness1 with the fire eating at
 his brain and the weight lying on it   
like a stone4  ,the neighbors were kind1
 and brought fruit and the like1 and sat
 up with him1 and chattered so all at   
once in one continuous brawl that they  
were enough in themselves to kill him1  
for such is ever the ,italian fashion of
 sympathy in all illness4  ,but ,lolo   
did not get well1 did not even seem to  

see the light at all1 or to distinguish 
any sounds around him2 and the doctor in
 plain words told ,rosina ,calabucci    
that her little boy must die4 ,die1 and 
the church so near6 ,she could not      
believe it4 ,could ,st4 ,mark1 and ,st4 
,george1 and the rest that he had loved 
so do nothing for him8 ,no1 said the    
doctor1 they could do nothing2 the dog  
might do something1 since the brain had 
so fastened on that one idea2 but then  
they had sold the dog4  ,yes2 ,i sold   
him6 said the poor mother1 breaking into
 floods of remorseful tears4  ,so at    
last the end drew so nigh that one      
twilight time the priest came out of the
 great arched door that is next it4     
,mark1 with the ,host uplifted1 and a   
little acolyte ringing the bell before  
it1 and passed across the piazzetta1 and
 went up the dark staircase of ,rosina's
 dwelling1 and passed through the       
weeping1 terrified children1 and went to
 the bedside of ,lolo4  ,lolo was       
unconscious1 but the holy man touched   

his little body and limbs with the      
sacred oil1 and prayed over him1 and    
then stood sorrowful with bowed head4   
,lolo had had his first communion in the
 summer1 and in his preparation for it  
had shown an intelligence and devoutness
 that had won the priest's gentle heart4
  ,standing there1 the holy man         
commended the innocent soul to ,god4 ,it
 was the last service to be rendered to 
him save that very last of all when the 
funeral office should be read above his 
little grave among the millions of      
nameless dead at the sepulchres of the  
poor at ,trebbiano4  ,all was still as  
the priest's voice ceased2 only the sobs
 of the mother and of the children broke
 the stillness as they kneeled2 the hand
 of ,biondina had stolen into ,tasso's4 
,suddenly1 there was a loud scuffling   
noise2 hurrying feet came patter1       
patter1 patter up the stairs1 a ball of 
mud and dust flew over the heads of the 
kneeling figures1 fleet as the wind     
,moufflou dashed through the room and   

leaped upon the bed4  ,lolo opened his  
heavy eyes1 and a sudden light of       
consciousness gleamed in them like a    
sunbeam4 ,moufflou6 he murmured1 in his 
little thin faint voice4 ,the dog       
pressed close to his breast and kissed  
his wasted face4  ,moufflou was come    
home6  ,and ,lolo came home too1 for    
death let go its hold upon him4 ,little 
by little1 very faintly and flickeringly
 and very uncertainly at the first1 life
 returned to the poor little body1 and  
reason to the tormented1 heated little  
brain4 ,moufflou was his physician2     
,moufflou1 who1 himself a skeleton under
 his matted curls1 would not stir from  
his side and looked at him all day long 
with two beaming brown eyes full of     
unutterable love4  ,lolo was happy2 he  
asked no questions1--was too weak1      
indeed1 even to wonder4 ,he had         
,moufflou2 that was enough4  ,alas6     
though they dared not say so in his     
hearing1 it was not enough for his      
elders4 ,his mother and ,tasso knew that

 the poodle had been sold and paid for2 
that they could lay no claim to keep    
him2 and that almost certainly his      
purchaser would seek him out and assert 
his indisputable right to him4 ,and then
 how would ,lolo ever bear that second  
parting8--,lolo1 so weak that he weighed
 no more than if he had been a little   
bird4  ,moufflou had1 no doubt1 traveled
 a long distance and suffered much4 ,he 
was but skin and bone2 he bore the marks
 of blows and kicks2 his once silken    
hair was all discolored and matted2 he  
had1 no doubt1 traveled far4 ,but then  
his purchaser would be sure to ask for  
him1 soon or late1 at his old home2 and 
then8 ,well1 then if they did not give  
him up themselves1 the law would make   
them4  ,rosina ,calabucci and ,tasso1   
though they dared say nothing before any
 of the children1 felt their hearts in  
their mouths at every step on the stair1
 and the first interrogation of ,tasso  
every evening when he came from his work
 was1 ,has any one come for ,moufflou8  

,for ten days no one came1 and their    
first terrors lulled a little4  ,on the 
eleventh morning1 a feast-day1 on which 
,tasso was not going to his labors in   
the ,cascine1 there came a person1 with 
a foreign look1 who said the words they 
so much dreaded to hear3 ,has the poodle
 that you sold to an ,english gentleman 
come back to you8  ,yes3 his ,english   
master claimed him6  ,the servant said  
that they had missed the dog in ,rome a 
few days after buying him and taking him
 there2 that he had been searched for in
 vain1 and that his master had thought  
it possible the animal might have found 
his way back to his old home3 there had 
been stories of such wonderful sagacity 
in dogs3 anyhow1 he had sent for him on 
the chance2 he was himself back on the  
,lung' ,arno4 ,the servant pulled from  
his pocket a chain1 and said his orders 
were to take the poodle away at once3   
the little sick gentleman had fretted   
very much about his loss4  ,tasso heard 
in a very agony of despair4 ,to take    

,moufflou away now would be to kill     
,lolo1--,lolo so feeble still1 so unable
 to understand1 so passionately alive to
 every sight and sound of ,moufflou1    
lying for hours together motionless with
 his hand buried in the poodle's curls1 
saying nothing1 only smiling now and    
then1 and murmuring a word or two in    
,moufflou's ear4  ,the dog did come     
home1 said ,tasso1 at length1 in a low  
voice2 angels must have shown him the   
road1 poor beast6 ,from ,rome6 ,only to 
think of it1 from ,rome6 ,and he a dumb 
thing6 ,i tell you he is here1 honestly3
 so will you not trust me just so far as
 this8 ,will you let me go with you and 
speak to the ,english lord before you   
take the dog away8 ,i have a little     
brother sorely ill--  ,he could not     
speak more1 for tears that choked his   
voice4  ,at last the messenger agreed so
 far as this3 ,tasso might go first and 
see the master1 but he would stay here  
and have a care they did not spirit the 
dog away1--for a thousand francs were   

paid for him1 added the man1 and a dog  
that can come all the way from ,rome by 
itself must be an uncanny creature4     
,tasso thanked him1 went up-stairs1 was 
thankful that his mother was at mass and
 could not dispute with him1 took the   
ten hundred-franc notes from the old oak
 cassone1 and with them in his          
breast-pocket walked out into the air4  
,he was but a poor working lad1 but he  
had made up his mind to do an heroic    
act4 ,he went straightway to the hotel  
where the ,english milord was1 and when 
he had got there remembered that still  
he did not know the name of ,moufflou's 
owner2 but the people of the hotel knew 
him as ,rosina ,calabucci's son1 and    
guessed what he wanted1 and said the    
gentleman who had lost the poodle was   
within1 up-stairs1 and they would tell  
him4  ,tasso waited some half-hour with 
his heart beating sorely against the    
packet of hundred-franc notes4 ,at last 
he was beckoned up-stairs1 and there he 
saw a foreigner with a mild fair face1  

and a very lovely lady1 and a delicate  
child who was lying on a couch4         
,moufflou6 ,where is ,moufflou8 cried   
the little child1 impatiently1 as he saw
 the youth enter4  ,tasso took his hat  
off1 and stood in the door-way an       
embrowned1 healthy1 not ungraceful      
figure1 in his working-clothes of rough 
blue stuff4  ,if you please1 most       
illustrious1 he stammered1 poor         
,moufflou has come home4  ,the child    
gave a cry of delight2 the gentleman and
 lady one of wonder4 ,come home6 ,all   
the way from ,rome6  ,yes1 he has1 most 
illustrious1 said ,tasso1 gaining       
courage and eloquence2 and now ,i want  
to beg something of you4 ,we are poor1  
and ,i drew a bad number1 and it was for
 that my mother sold ,moufflou4 ,for    
myself1 ,i did not know anything of it2 
but she thought she would buy my        
substitute1 and of course she could2 but
 ,moufflou is come home1 and my little  
brother ,lolo1 the little boy your most 
illustrious first saw playing with the  

poodle1 fell ill of the grief of losing 
,moufflou1 and for a month has lain     
saying nothing sensible1 but only       
calling for the dog1 and my old         
grandfather died of worrying himself mad
 over the lottery numbers1 and ,lolo was
 so near dying that the ,blessed ,host  
had been brought1 and the holy oil had  
been put on him1 when all at once there 
rushes in ,moufflou1 skin and bone1 and 
covered with mud1 and at the sight of   
him ,lolo comes back to his senses1 and 
that is now ten days ago1 and though    
,lolo is still as weak as a new-born    
thing1 he is always sensible1 and takes 
what we give him to eat1 and lies always
 looking at ,moufflou1 and smiling1 and 
saying1 ',moufflou6 ,moufflou6' and1    
most illustrious1 ,i know well you have 
bought the dog1 and the law is with you1
 and by the law you claim it1 but ,i    
thought perhaps1 as ,lolo loves him so1 
you would let us keep the dog1 and would
 take back the thousand francs1 and     
myself ,i will go and be a soldier1 and 

heaven will take care of them all       
somehow4  ,then ,tasso1 having said all 
this in one breathless1 monotonous      
recitative1 took the thousand francs out
 of his breast-pocket and held them out 
timidly towards the foreign gentleman1  
who motioned them aside and stood       
silent4  ,did you understand1 ,victor8  
he said1 at last1 to his little son4    
,the child hid his face in his cushions4
  ,yes1 ,i did understand something3 let
 ,lolo keep him2 ,moufflou was not happy
 with me4  ,but he burst out crying as  
he said it4  ,moufflou had run away from
 him4  ,moufflou had never loved him1   
for all his sweet cakes and fond        
caresses and platefuls of delicate      
savory meats4 ,moufflou had run away and
 found his own road over two hundred    
miles and more to go back to some little
 hungry children1 who never had enough  
to eat themselves and so1 certainly1    
could never give enough to eat to the   
dog4 ,poor little boy6 ,he was so rich  
and so pampered and so powerful1 and yet

 he could never make ,moufflou love him6
  ,tasso1 who understood nothing that   
was said1 laid the ten hundred-franc    
notes down on a table near him4  ,if you
 would take them1 most illustrious1 and 
give me back what my mother wrote when  
she sold ,moufflou1 he said1 timidly1 ,i
 would pray for you night and day1 and  
,lolo would too2 and as for the dog1 we 
will get a puppy and train him for your 
little signorino2 they can all do       
tricks1 more or less1 it comes by       
nature2 and as for me1 ,i will go to the
 army willingly2 it is not right to     
interfere with fate2 my old grandfather 
died mad because he would try to be a   
rich man1 by dreaming about it and      
pulling destiny by the ears1 as if she  
were a kicking mule2 only1 ,i do pray of
 you1 do not take away ,moufflou4 ,and  
to think he trotted all those miles and 
miles1 and you carried him by train too1
 and he never could have seen the road1 
and he had no power of speech to ask--  
,tasso broke down again in his          

eloquence1 and drew the back of his hand
 across his wet eyelashes4  ,the        
,english gentleman was not altogether   
unmoved4  ,poor faithful dog6 he said1  
with a sigh4 ,i am afraid we were very  
cruel to him1 meaning to be kind4 ,no2  
we will not claim him1 and ,i do not    
think you should go for a soldier2 you  
seem so good a lad1 and your mother must
 need you4 ,keep the money1 my boy1 and 
in payment you shall train up the puppy 
you talk of1 and bring him to my little 
boy4 ,i will come and see your mother   
and ,lolo to-morrow4 ,all the way from  
,rome6 ,what wonderful sagacity6 what   
matchless fidelity6  ,you can imagine1  
without any telling of mine1 the joy    
that reigned in ,moufflou's home when   
,tasso returned thither with the money  
and the good tidings both4 ,his         
substitute was bought without a day's   
delay1 and ,lolo rapidly recovered4 ,as 
for ,moufflou1 he could never tell them 
his troubles1 his wanderings1 his       
difficulties1 his perils2 he could never

 tell them by what miraculous knowledge 
he had found his way across ,italy1 from
 the gates of ,rome to the gates of     
,florence4 ,but he soon grew plump      
again1 and merry1 and his love for ,lolo
 was yet greater than before4  ,by the  
winter all the family went to live on an
 estate near ,spezia that the ,english  
gentleman had purchased1 and there      
,moufflou was happier than ever4 ,the   
little ,english boy is gaining strength 
in the soft air1 and he and ,lolo are   
great friends1 and play with ,moufflou  
and the poodle puppy half the day upon  
the sunny terraces and under the green  
orange boughs4 ,tasso is one of the     
gardeners there2 he will have to serve  
as a soldier probably in some category  
or another1 but he is safe for the time1
 and is happy4 ,lolo1 whose lameness    
will always exempt him from military    
service1 when he grows to be a man means
 to be a florist1 and a great one4 ,he  
has learned to read1 as the first step  
on the road of his ambition4  ,but oh1  

,moufflou1 how did you find your way    
home8 he asks the dog a hundred times a 
week4  ,how indeed6  ,no one ever knew  
how ,moufflou had made that long journey
 on foot1 so many weary miles2 but      
beyond a doubt he had done it alone and 
unaided1 for if any one had helped him  
they would have come home with him to   
claim the reward4    #cic               
,olive ,thorne ,miller 7#ahca-aiah7 is  
remembered         in the history of    
,american juvenile literature         as
 a writer on birds4 ,her purpose was to 
show         truly the characteristics  
and habits of the         little        
brothers of the air4 ,the following     
selection illustrates the style of much 
of her         work4 ,some of her books 
that may appropriately         be used  
as literature in the third1 fourth1 or  
fifth grade are ,the ,children's ,book  
of ,birds1         ,little ,brothers of 
the ,air1 ,little ,folks in             
,feathers and ,fur1 and ,four ,handed   
,folk4 7,the         selection that     

follows is from the first-named         
book1 and is used by permission of and  
by         special arrangement with the 
publishers1 ,the         ,houghton      
,mifflin ,co41 ,boston47   ,,bird       
,,habits  ,,olive ,,thorne ,,miller     
,i4 ,,where ,,he ,,sleeps  ,most birds  
sleep on their feet4  ,you know how a   
canary goes to sleep1 all puffed out    
like a ball1 with his head buried in the
 feathers of his shoulder4 ,he may stick
 his bill over behind the top of the    
wing1 but he never puts his head under  
his wing1 as you have heard4  ,sometimes
 he stands straight up on one leg1 with 
the other drawn up out of sight in his  
feathers1 but more often he sits down on
 the perch1 still resting on his feet4  
,most wild birds of the perching kind   
sleep in the same way4  ,it is only     
lately that we have begun to find out   
where birds sleep1 because it is dark   
when they go to bed1 and they get up    
before it is light enough for us to see 
them4  ,the only way to catch them in   

bed is to go out in the evening1 and    
start them up after they have gone to   
sleep4 ,and this is not very kind to the
 poor little birds4 ,some men who are   
trying to learn about the habits of     
birds have tried this way1 and so have  
found out some of their sleeping-places4
  ,one thing they have learned is that  
the nest is not often used for a bed1   
except for the mother while she is      
sitting and keeping her little ones     
warm4  ,robins and orioles1 and others1 
creep into the thick branches of an     
evergreen tree1 close up to the trunk4  
,some crawl under the edge of a         
haystack1 others into thick vines or    
thorny bushes4 ,all these are meant for 
hiding-places1 so that beasts that prowl
 about at night1 and like to eat birds1 
will not find them4  ,tree sparrows like
 to sleep in holes in the ground like   
little caves4 ,the men who found these  
cosy little bedrooms think they are     
places dug out by field mice1 and other 
small animals1 for their own use4 ,and  

when they are left1 the birds are glad  
to take them4  ,when the weather is     
cold1 some birds sleep under the snow4  
,you may think that would not be very   
warm1 and it is not so warm as a bed in 
the house with plenty of blankets4 ,but 
it is much warmer than a perch in a     
tree1 with nothing but leaves to keep   
off the wind4  ,while the snow is       
falling1 some birds find it as good as  
blankets for their use4 ,grouse1 who    
live on the ground1 dive into a         
snow-bank and snuggle down quietly1     
while the snow falls and covers them all
 over and keeps the cold wind off4 ,air 
comes through the snow1 so they do not  
smother4  ,some birds creep into a pile 
of brush that is covered with snow1 and 
find under the twigs little places like 
tents1 where the snow has been kept out 
by the twigs1 and they sleep there1 away
 from the wind and storm outside4       
,water birds find the best              
sleeping-places on the water1 where they
 float all night like tiny boats4 ,some 

of them leave one foot hanging down and 
paddling a little1 while they sleep1 to 
keep from being washed to the shore4    
,bob-white and his family sleep in a    
close circle on the ground1 all with    
their heads turned outward1 so that they
 can see or hear an enemy1 whichever way
 he comes4  ,hawks and eagles are said  
to sleep standing1 never sitting on the 
feet like a canary4 ,some ducks and     
geese do even more3 they sleep standing 
on one foot4 ,woodpeckers and chimney   
swifts hang themselves up by their      
claws1 using their stiff tail for a     
brace1 as if it were a third leg4  ,some
 birds1 like the crows1 sleep in great  
flocks4 ,they agree upon a piece of     
woods1 and all the crows for miles      
around come there every night4          
,sometimes thousands of them sleep in   
this one bedroom1 called a crow roost4  
,robins do the same1 after the young are
 big enough to fly so far4  ,audubon1   
who has told us so much about birds1    
once found a hollow tree which was the  

sleeping-room of chimney swifts4 ,the   
noise they made going out in the morning
 was like the roar of a great           
mill-wheel4  ,he wanted to see the birds
 asleep4 ,so in the daytime1 when they  
were away1 he had a piece cut out at the
 foot of the tree1 big enough to let him
 in1 and then put back1 so the birds    
would not notice anything unusual4  ,at 
night1 after the swifts were abed1 he   
took a dark lantern and went in4 ,he    
turned the light upon them little by    
little1 so as not to startle them4 ,then
 he saw the whole inside of the tree    
full of birds4 ,they were hanging by    
their claws1 side by side1 as thick as  
they could hang4 ,he thought there were 
as many as twelve thousand in that one  
bedroom4   ,,ii4 ,,his ,,travels  ,most 
of our birds take two long journeys     
every year1 one in the fall to the      
south1 and the other in the spring back 
to the north4 ,these journeys are called
 migrations4  ,the birds do not go all  
at once1 but in many cases those of a   

kind who live near each other collect in
 a flock and travel together4 ,each     
species or kind has its own time to go4 
,it might be thought that it is because 
of the cold that so many birds move to a
 warmer climate4 ,but it is not so2 they
 are very well dressed to endure cold4  
,their feather suits are so warm that   
some of our smallest and weakest birds  
are able to stay with us1 like the      
chickadee and the golden-crowned        
kinglet4 ,it is simply because they     
cannot get food in winter1 that they    
have to go4  ,the fall travel begins    
soon after the first of ,july4 ,the     
bobolink is one of the first to leave   
us1 though he does not start at once on 
his long journey4 ,by that time his     
little folk are full grown1 and can take
 care of themselves1 and he is getting  
on his winter suit1 or moulting4  ,then 
some morning all the bobolinks in the   
country are turned out of their homes in
 the meadows1 by men and horses and     
mowing machines1 for at that time the   

long grass is ready to cut4  ,then he   
begins to think about the wild rice that
 is getting just right to eat4 ,besides1
 he likes to take his long journey to   
,south ,america in an easy way1 stopping
 here and there as he goes4 ,so some    
morning we miss his cheerful call1 and  
if we go to the meadow we shall not be  
able to see a single bobolink4  ,there1 
too1 are the swallows1 who eat only     
small flying insects4 ,as the weather   
grows cooler1 these tiny flies are no   
longer to be found4 ,so the swallows    
begin to flock1 as it is called4 ,for a 
few days they will be seen on fences and
 telegraph wires1 chattering and making 
a great noise1 and then some morning    
they will all be gone4  ,they spend some
 time in marshes and lonely places      
before they at last set out for the     
south4  ,as the days grow shorter and   
cooler1 the warblers go4 ,these are the 
bright-colored little fellows1 who live 
mostly in the tops of trees4 ,then the  
orioles and the thrushes and the cuckoos

 leave us1 and most birds who live on   
insects4  ,by the time that ,november   
comes in1 few of them will be left4     
,birds who can live on seeds and winter 
berries1 such as cedar-berries and      
partridge-berries1 and others1 often    
stay with us1--bluebirds1 finches1 and  
sometimes robins4  ,many birds take     
their journey by night4 ,think of it6   
,tiny creatures1 that all summer go to  
bed at dark1 start off some night1 when 
it seems as if they ought to be asleep1 
and fly all night in the dark4  ,when it
 grows light1 they stop in some place   
where they can feed and rest4 ,and the  
next night1 or two or three nights      
later1 they go on again4 ,so they do    
until they reach their winter home1     
hundreds or thousands of miles away4    
,these night flyers are the timid birds1
 and those who live in the woods and do 
not like to be seen1--thrushes1 wrens1  
vireos1 and others4 ,birds with strong  
wings1 who are used to flying hours     
every day1 and bolder birds1 who do not 

mind being seen1 take their journey by  
daylight4  ,most of them stop now and   
then1 a day or two at a time1 to feed   
and rest4 ,they fly very high1 and      
faster than our railroad trains can go4 
,in the spring the birds take their     
second long journey1 back to their last 
year's home4  ,how they knew their way  
on these journeys1 men have been for    
many years trying to find out4 ,they    
have found that birds travel on regular 
roads1 or routes1 that follow the rivers
 and the shore of the ocean4 ,they can  
see much better than we can1 and even in
 the night they can see water4  ,one    
such road1 or highway1 is over the      
harbor of ,new ,york4 ,when the statue  
of ,liberty was set up on an island in  
the harbor a few years ago1 it was put  
in the birds' path4  ,usually they fly  
too high to mind it2 but when there is a
 rain or fog they come much lower1 and1 
sad to say1 many of them fly against it 
and are killed4  ,we often see strange  
birds in our city streets and parks1    

while they are passing through on their 
migration1 for they sometimes spend     
several days with us4    #cid           
,ernest ,thompson ,seton 7#ahfj--7 was  
born in         ,england1 but has lived 
most of his life in         ,america4   
,he began his career as an artist4 ,he  
made more than #a1jjj drawings of birds 
and         animals for the ,century    
,dictionary4 ,later he         began to 
write about animals and has achieved    
unusual success in that field4 ,his     
,wild         ,animals at ,home1 ,wild  
,animal ,ways1 ,the         ,biography  
of a ,grizzly1 and ,wild ,animals ,i    
,have ,known are all greatly enjoyed by 
young         people4 7,the ,poacher and
 the ,silver ,fox is         taken from 
the first-mentioned book1 by            
permission of the publishers1           
,doubleday1 ,page          ,co41 ,garden
 ,city1 ,new ,york47   ,,the ,,poacher  
,,and ,,the ,,silver ,,fox  ,,ernest    
,,thompson ,,seton  ,how is it that all 
mankind has a sneaking sympathy with a  

poacher8 ,a burglar or a pickpocket has 
our unmitigated contempt2 he clearly is 
a criminal2 but you will notice that the
 poacher in the story is generally a    
reckless daredevil with a large and     
compensatory amount of good-fellow in   
his make-up--yes1 ,i almost said1 of    
good citizenship4 ,i suppose1 because in
 addition to the breezy1 romantic       
character of his calling1 seasoned with 
physical danger as well as moral risk1  
there is away down in human nature a    
strong feeling that1 in spite of        
man-made laws1 the ancient ruling holds 
that wild game belongs to no man till   
some one makes it his property by       
capture4 ,it may be wrong1 it may be    
right1 but ,i have heard this doctrine  
voiced by red men and white1 as         
primitive law1 once or twice2 and have  
seen it lived up to a thousand times4   
,well1 ,josh ,cree was a poacher4 ,this 
does not mean that every night in every 
month he went forth with nefarious      
tricks and tools1 to steal the flesh and

 fur that legally were not his4 ,far    
from it4 ,josh never poached but once4  
,but that's enough2 he had crossed the  
line1 and this is how it came about3    
,as you roll up the ,yellowstone from   
,livingston to ,gardiner you may note a 
little ranch-house on the west of the   
track with its log stables1 its corral1 
its irrigation ditch1 and its alfalfa   
patch of morbid green4 ,it is a small   
affair1 for it was founded by the       
handiwork of one honest man1 who with   
his wife and small boy left             
,pennsylvania1 braved every danger of   
the plains1 and secured this claim in   
the late '#hj's4 ,old man ,cree--he was 
only forty1 but every married man is    
,old ,man in the ,west--was ready to    
work at any honest calling from logging 
or sluicing to grading and muling4 ,he  
was strong and steady1 his wife was     
steady and strong4 ,they saved their    
money1 and little by little they got the
 small ranch-house built and equipped2  
little by little they added to their    

stock on the range with the cattle of a 
neighbour1 until there came the happy   
day when they went to live on their own 
ranch--father1 mother1 and              
fourteen-year-old ,josh1 with every     
prospect of making it pay4 ,the         
spreading of that white tablecloth for  
the first time was a real religious     
ceremony1 and the hard workers gave     
thanks to the ,all-father for ,his      
blessing on their every effort4  ,one   
year afterward a new event brought joy3 
there entered happily into their happy  
house a little girl1 and all the prairie
 smiled about them4 ,surely their boat  
was well beyond the breakers4  ,but     
right in the sunshine of their joy the  
trouble cloud arose to block the sky4   
,old man ,cree was missing one day4 ,his
 son rode long and far on the range for 
two hard days before he sighted a       
grazing pony1 and down a rocky hollow   
near1 found his father1 battered and    
weak1 near death1 with a broken leg and 
a gash in his head4  ,he could only gasp

 ,water as ,josh hurried up1 and the boy
 rushed off to fill his hat at the      
nearest stream4  ,they had no talk1 for 
the father swooned after drinking1 and  
,josh had to face the situation2 but he 
was ,western trained4 ,he stripped      
himself of all spare clothing1 and his  
father's horse of its saddle blanket2   
then1 straightening out the sick man1 he
 wrapped him in the clothes and blanket1
 and rode like mad for the nearest      
ranch-house4 ,the neighbour1 a young    
man1 came at once1 with a pot to make   
tea1 an axe1 and a rope4 ,they found the
 older ,cree conscious but despairing4  
,a fire was made1 and hot tea revived   
him4 ,then ,josh cut two long poles from
 the nearest timber and made a          
stretcher1 or travois1 ,indian fashion1 
the upper ends fast to the saddle of a  
horse1 while the other ends trailed on  
the ground4 ,thus by a long1 slow       
journey the wounded man got back4 ,all  
he had prayed for was to get home4      
,every invalid is sure that if only he  

can get home all will soon be well4     
,mother was not yet strong1 the baby    
needed much care1 but ,josh was a good  
boy1 and the loving best of all was done
 for the sick one4 ,his leg1 set by the 
army surgeon of ,fort ,yellowstone1 was 
knit again after a month1 but had no    
power4 ,he had no force2 the shock of   
those two dire days was on him4 ,the    
second month went by1 and still he lay  
in bed4 ,poor ,josh was the man of the  
place now1 and between duties1 indoors  
and out1 he was worn body and soul4     
,then it was clear they must have help4 
,so ,jack ,s---- was engaged at the     
regular wages of #dj a month for outside
 work1 and a year of struggle went by1  
only to see ,john ,cree in his grave1   
his cattle nearly all gone1 his widow   
and boy living in a house on which was  
still #ejj of the original mortgage4    
,josh was a brave boy and growing       
strong1 but unboyishly grave with the   
weight of care4 ,he sold off the few    
cattle that were left1 and set about    

keeping the roof over his mother and    
baby sister by working a truck farm for 
the market supplied by the summer hotels
 of the ,park1 and managed to come out  
even4 ,he would in time have done well1 
but he could not get far enough ahead to
 meet that #aj per cent mortgage already
 overdue4  ,the banker was not a hard   
man1 but he was in the business for the 
business4 ,he extended the time1 and    
waited for interest again and again1 but
 it only made the principal larger1 and 
it seemed that the last ditch was       
reached1 that it would be best to let   
the money-man foreclose1 though that    
must mean a wipe-out and would leave the
 fatherless family homeless4  ,winter   
was coming on1 work was scarce1 and     
,josh went to ,gardiner to see what he  
could get in the way of house or wage4  
,he learned of a chance to 'substitute' 
for the ,park mail-carrier1 who had     
sprained his foot4 ,it was an easy drive
 to ,fort ,yellowstone1 and there he    
readily agreed1 when they asked him1 to 

take the letters and packages and go on 
farther to the ,canyon ,hotel4 ,thus it 
was that on the #bjth day of ,november  
#ahi-1 ,josh ,cree1 sixteen years old1  
tall and ruddy1 rode through the snow to
 the kitchen door of the ,canyon ,hotel 
and was welcomed as though he were old  
,santa ,claus himself4  ,two ,magpies on
 a tree were among the onlookers4 ,the  
,park ,bears were denned up1 but there  
were other fur-bearers about4 ,high on  
the wood-pile sat a ,yellow ,red ,fox in
 a magnificent coat4 ,another was in    
front of the house1 and the keeper said 
that as many as a dozen came some days4 
,and sometimes1 he said1 there also came
 a wonderful ,silver ,fox1 a size bigger
 than the rest1 black as coal1 with eyes
 like yellow diamonds1 and a silver     
frosting like little stars on his       
midnight fur4  ,my6 but he's a beauty4  
,that skin would buy the best team of   
mules on the ,yellowstone4 ,that was    
interesting and furnished talk for a    
while4 ,in the morning when they were   

rising for their candlelight breakfast1 
the hotel man glancing from the window  
exclaimed1 ,here he is now6 and ,josh   
peered forth to see in the light of     
sunrise something he had often heard of1
 but never before seen1 a coal-black    
,fox1 a giant among his kind4 ,how slick
 and elegant his glossy fur1 how slim   
his legs1 and what a monstrous bushy    
tail2 and the other ,foxes moved aside  
as the patrician rushed in impatient    
haste to seize the food thrown out by   
the cook4  ,ain't he a beauty8 said the 
hotel man4 ,i'll bet that pelt would    
fetch five hundred4  ,oh1 why did he say
 five hundred1 the exact sum1 for then  
it was that the tempter entered into    
,josh ,cree's heart4 ,five hundred      
dollars6 just the amount of the         
mortgage4 ,who owns wild beasts8 ,the   
man that kills them1 said the tempter1  
and the thought was a live one in his   
breast as ,josh rode back to ,fort      
,yellowstone4  ,at ,gardiner he received
 his pay1 #f4jj1 for three days' work   

and1 turning it into groceries1 set out 
for the poor home that soon would be    
lost to him1 and as he rode he did some 
hard and gloomy thinking4 ,on his wrist 
there hung a wonderful ,indian quirt of 
plaited rawhide and horsehair with beads
 on the shaft1 and a band of ,elk teeth 
on the butt4 ,it was a pet of his1 and  
good medicine1 for a flat piece of      
elkhorn let in the middle was perforated
 with a hole1 through which the distant 
landscape was seen much clearer--a      
well-known law1 an ancient trick1 but it
 made the quirt prized as a thing of    
rare virtue1 and ,josh had refused good 
offers for it4 ,then a figure afoot was 
seen1 and coming nearer1 it turned out  
to be a friend1 ,jack ,day1 out         
a-gunning with a 4#bb rifle4 ,but game  
was scarce and ,jack was returning to   
,gardiner empty-handed and disgusted4   
,they stopped for a moment's greeting   
when ,day said3 ,huntin's played out    
now4 ,how'll you swap that quirt for my 
rifle8 ,a month before ,josh would have 

scorned the offer4 ,a ten-dollar quirt  
for a five-dollar rifle1 but now he said
 briefly3 ,for rifle with cover1 tools  
and ammunition complete1 ,i'll go ye4   
,so the deal was made and in an hour    
,josh was home4 ,he stabled ,grizzle1   
the last of their saddle stock1 and     
entered4  ,love and sorrow dwelt in the 
widow's home1 but the return of ,josh   
brought its measure of joy4 ,mother     
prepared the regular meal of tea1       
potatoes1 and salt pork2 there was a    
time when they had soared as high as    
canned goods1 but those prosperous days 
were gone4 ,josh was dandling baby      
sister on his lap as he told of his     
trip1 and he learned of two things of   
interest3 ,first1 the bank must have its
 money by ,february2 second1 the stable 
at ,gardiner wanted a driver for the    
,cook ,city stage4 ,then the little     
events moved quickly4 ,his half-formed  
plan of getting back to the ,canyon was 
now frustrated by the new opening1 and1 
besides this1 hope had been dampened by 

the casual word of one who reported that
 that ,silver ,fox had not been seen    
since at the ,canyon4  ,then began long 
days of dreary driving through the snow1
 with a noon halt at ,yancey's and then 
three days later the return1 in the     
cold1 the biting cold4 ,it was freezing 
work1 but coldest of all was the chill  
thought at his heart that ,february #ast
 would see him homeless4  ,small bands  
of ,mountain ,sheep he saw at times on  
the slope of ,evarts1 and a few         
,blacktail1 and later1 when the winter  
deepened1 huge bull ,elk were seen along
 the trail4 ,sometimes they moved not   
more than a few paces to let him pass4  
,these were everyday things to him1 but 
in the second week of his winter work he
 got a sudden thrill4 ,he was coming    
down the long hill back of ,yancey's    
when what should he see there1 sitting  
on its tail1 shiny black with yellow    
eyes like a huge black cat unusually    
long and sharp in the nose1 but a       
wonderful ,silver ,fox6 ,possibly the   

same as the one he saw at the ,canyon1  
for that one he knew had disappeared and
 there were not likely to be two in the 
,park4 ,yes1 it might be the same1 and  
,josh's bosom surged with mingled       
feelings4 ,why did he not carry that    
little gun8 ,why did he not realize8    
were the thoughts that came--#ejj6 ,a   
noble chance6 broad daylight only       
twenty-five yards6 and gone6  ,the ,fox 
was still there when ,josh drove on4 ,on
 the next trip he brought the little    
rifle4 ,he had sawed off the stock so he
 could hide it easily in his overcoat if
 need be4 ,no man knew that he carried  
arms1 but the ,foxes seemed to know4    
,the ,red ones kept afar and the ,black 
one came no more4 ,day after day he     
drove and hoped but the ,black ,fox has 
cunning measured to his value4 ,he came 
not1 or if he came1 was wisely hidden1  
and so the month went by1 till late in  
the cold ,moon of ,snow he heard old    
,yancey say1 ,there's a ,silver ,fox bin
 a-hanging around the stable this last  

week4 ,leastwise ,dave says he seen him4
 ,there were soldiers sitting around    
that stove1 game guardians of the ,park1
 and still more dangerous1 a scout1 the 
soldiers' guide1 a mountaineer4 ,josh   
turned not an inch1 he made no sound in 
response1 but his heart gave a jump4    
,half an hour later he went out to bed  
his horses for the night1 and peering   
around the stable he saw a couple of    
shadowy forms that silently shifted     
until swallowed by the gloom4  ,then the
 soldiers came to bed their horses1 and 
,josh went back to the stove4 ,his big  
driving coat hung with the little       
sawed-off rifle in the long pocket4 ,he 
waited till the soldiers one by one went
 up the ladder to the general bunk-room4
 ,he rose again1 got the lantern1       
lighted it1 carried it out behind the   
lonely stable4 ,the horses were grinding
 their hay1 the stars were faintly      
lighting the snow4 ,there was no one    
about as he hung the lantern under the  
eaves outside so that it could be seen  

from the open valley1 but not from the  
house4  ,a faint ,yap-yah of a ,fox was 
heard on the piney hillside1 as he lay  
down on the hay in the loft1 but there  
were no signs of life on the snow4 ,he  
had come to wait all night if need be1  
and waited4 ,the lantern might allure1  
it might scare1 but it was needed in    
this gloom1 and it tinged the snow with 
faint yellow light below him4 ,an hour  
went by1 then a big-tailed form came    
near and made a little bark at the      
lantern4 ,it looked very dark1 but it   
had a paler patch on the throat4 ,this  
waiting was freezing work2 ,josh's teeth
 were chattering in spite of his        
overcoat4 ,another gray form came1 then 
a much larger black one shaped itself on
 the white4 ,it dashed at the first1    
which fled1 and the second one followed 
but a little and then sat down on the   
snow1 gazing at that bright light4 ,when
 you are sure1 you are so sure--,josh   
knew him now1 he was facing the ,silver 
,fox4 ,but the light was dim4 ,josh's   

hand trembled as he bared it to lay the 
back on his lips and suck so as to make 
a mousey squeak4 ,the effect on the ,fox
 was instant4 ,he glided forward intent 
as a hunting cat4 ,again he stood in1   
oh6 such a wonderful pose1 still as a   
statue1 frozen like a hiding ,partridge1
 unbudging as a lone kid ,antelope in   
,may4 ,and ,josh raised--yes1 he had    
come for that--he raised that fatal gun4
 ,the lantern blazed in the ,fox's face 
at twenty yards2 the light was flung    
back doubled by its shining eyes2 it    
looked perfectly clear4 ,josh lined the 
gun1 but1 strange to tell1 the sights so
 plain were lost at once1 and the gun   
was shaking like a sorghum stalk while  
the ,gopher gnaws its root4 ,he laid the
 weapon down with a groan1 cursed his   
own poor trembling hand1 and in an      
instant the wonder ,fox was gone4  ,poor
 ,josh6 ,he wasn't bad-tongued1 but now 
he used all the evil words he had ever  
heard1 and he was ,western bred4 ,then  
he reacted on himself4 ,the ,fox might  

come back6 ,suddenly he remembered      
something4 ,he got out a common sulphur 
match4 ,he wet it on his lips and rubbed
 it on the muzzle sight3 ,then on each  
side of the notch on the breech sight4  
,he lined it for a tree4 ,yes6 surely6  
,what had been a blur of blackness had  
now a visible form4  ,a faint bark on a 
far hillside might mean a coming or a   
going ,fox4 ,josh waited five minutes1  
then again he squeaked on his bare hand4
 ,the effect was a surprise when from   
the shelter of the stable wall ten feet 
below there leaped the great dark ,fox4 
,at fifteen feet it paused4 ,those      
yellow orbs were fiery in the light and 
the rifle sights with the specks of fire
 were lined4 ,there was a sharp report  
and the black-robed fur was still and   
limp in the snow4  ,who can tell the    
crack of a small rifle among the louder 
cracks of green logs splitting with the 
fierce frost of a ,yellowstone winter's 
night8 ,why should travel-worn travelers
 wake at each slight1 usual sound8 ,who 

knows8 ,who cares8  ,and afar in        
,livingston what did the fur dealer     
care8 ,it was a great prize4 ,or the    
banker8 he got his five hundred1 and    
mother found it easy to accept the      
,indians' creed3 ,who owns wild beasts8 
,the man who kills them4  ,i did not    
know how it would come1 she said2 ,i    
only knew it would come1 for ,i prayed  
and believed4  ,we know that it came    
when it meant the most4 ,the house was  
saved4 ,it was the turn in their        
fortune's tide1 and the crucial moment  
of the change was when those three      
bright sulphur spots were lined with the
 living lamps in the head of the ,silver
 ,fox4 ,yes6 ,josh was a poacher4 ,just 
once4    #cie          ,david ,starr    
,jordan 7#ahea--7 was for many years    
president1 now president emeritus1 of   
,leland         ,stanford ,junior       
,university1 and is known               
internationally for his books on science
 and on         the prevention of war2  
he also is author of         several    

books for children4 ,the story that     
follows is taken from his ,science      
,sketches1         by permission of the 
publishers1 ,a4 ,c4 ,mc,clurg           
,co41 ,chicago4 ,it may stand as a      
perfect         illustration of the     
modern informational story         based
 on recognized scientific facts4 ,the   
,story of a ,stone1 from the same book1 
is         equally good4 ,these stories 
may be taught in         the seventh or 
eighth grade4   ,,the ,,story ,,of ,a   
,,salmon  ,,david ,,starr ,,jordan  ,in 
the realm of the ,northwest ,wind1 on   
the boundary-line between the dark      
fir-forests and the sunny plains1 there 
stands a mountain1--a great white cone  
two miles and a half in perpendicular   
height4 ,on its lower mile the dense    
fir-woods cover it with never-changing  
green2 on its next half-mile a lighter  
green of grass and bushes gives place in
 winter to white2 and on its uppermost  
mile the snows of the great ice age     
still linger in unspotted purity4 ,the  

people of ,washington ,territory say    
that their mountain is the great        
,king-pin of the ,universe1 which shows 
that even in its own country ,mount     
,tacoma is not without honor4  ,flowing 
down from the southwest slope of ,mount 
,tacoma is a cold1 clear river1 fed by  
the melting snows of the mountain4      
,madly it hastens down over white       
cascades and beds of shining sands1     
through birch-woods and belts of dark   
firs1 to mingle its waters at last with 
those of the great ,columbia4 ,this     
river is the ,cowlitz2 and on its       
bottom1 not many years ago1 there lay   
half buried in the sand a number of     
little orange-colored globules1 each    
about as large as a pea4 ,these were not
 much in themselves1 but great in their 
possibilities4 ,in the waters above them
 little suckers and chubs and prickly   
sculpins strained their mouths to draw  
these globules from the sand1 and       
vicious-looking crawfishes picked them  
up with their blundering hands and      

examined them with their telescopic     
eyes4 ,but one1 at least1 of the        
globules escaped their curiosity1 else  
this story would not be worth telling4  
,the sun shone down on it through the   
clear water1 and the ripples of the     
,cowlitz said over it their             
incantations1 and in it at last awoke a 
living being4 ,it was a fish1--a curious
 little fellow1 not half an inch long1  
with great1 staring eyes1 which made    
almost half his length1 and with a body 
so transparent that he could not cast a 
shadow4 ,he was a little salmon1 a very 
little salmon2 but the water was good1  
and there were flies and worms and      
little living creatures in abundance for
 him to eat1 and he soon became a larger
 salmon4 ,then there were many more     
little salmon with him1 some larger and 
some smaller1 and they all had a merry  
time4 ,those who had been born soonest  
and had grown largest used to chase the 
others around and bite off their tails1 
or1 still better1 take them by the heads

 and swallow them whole2 for1 said they1
 ,even young salmon are good eating4    
,heads ,i win1 tails you lose1 was their
 motto4 ,thus1 what was once two small  
salmon became united into a single      
larger one1 and the process of addition1
 division1 and silence still went on4   
,by-and-by1 when all the salmon were too
 large to be swallowed1 they began to   
grow restless4 ,they saw that the water 
rushing by seemed to be in a great hurry
 to get somewhere1 and it was somehow   
suggested that its hurry was caused by  
something good to eat at the other end  
of its course4 ,then they all started   
down the stream1 salmon-fashion1--which 
fashion is to get into the current1 head
 up-stream2 and thus to drift backward  
as the river sweeps along4  ,down the   
,cowlitz ,river the salmon went for a   
day and a night1 finding much to        
interest them which we need not know4   
,at last they began to grow hungry2 and 
coming near the shore1 they saw an      
angle-worm of rare size and beauty      

floating in an eddy of the stream4      
,quick as thought one of them opened his
 mouth1 which was well filled with teeth
 of different sizes1 and put it around  
the angle-worm4 ,quicker still he felt a
 sharp pain in his gills1 followed by a 
smothering sensation1 and in an instant 
his comrades saw him rise straight into 
the air4 ,this was nothing new to them2 
for they often leaped out of the water  
in their games of hide-and-seek1 but    
only to come down again with a loud     
splash not far from where they went out4
 ,but this one never came back1 and the 
others went on their course wondering4  
,at last they came to where the ,cowlitz
 and the ,columbia join1 and they were  
almost lost for a time2 for they could  
find no shores1 and the bottom and the  
top of the water were so far apart4     
,here they saw other and far larger     
salmon in the deepest part of the       
current1 turning neither to the right   
nor to the left1 but swimming right on  
up-stream1 just as rapidly as they      

could4 ,and these great salmon would not
 stop for them1 and would not lie and   
float with the current4 ,they had no    
time to talk1 even in the simple sign   
language by which fishes express their  
ideas1 and no time to eat4 ,they had    
important work before them1 and the time
 was short4 ,so they went on up the     
river1 keeping their great purposes to  
themselves2 and our little salmon and   
his friends from the ,cowlitz drifted   
down the stream4  ,by-and-by the water  
began to change4 ,it grew denser1 and no
 longer flowed rapidly along2 and twice 
a day it used to turn about and flow the
 other way4 ,then the shores            
disappeared1 and the water began to have
 a different and peculiar flavor1--a    
flavor which seemed to the salmon much  
richer and more inspiring than the      
glacier-water of their native ,cowlitz4 
,there were many curious things to      
see1--crabs with hard shells and savage 
faces1 but so good when crushed and     
swallowed6 ,then there were luscious    

squid swimming about2 and1 to a salmon1 
squid are like ripe peaches and cream4  
,there were great companies of delicate 
sardines and herring1 green and silvery1
 and it was such fun to chase and       
capture them6 ,those who eat sardines   
packed in oil by greasy fingers1 and    
herrings dried in the smoke1 can have   
little idea how satisfying it is to have
 a meal of them1 plump and sleek and    
silvery1 fresh from the sea4  ,thus the 
salmon chased the herrings about1 and   
had a merry time4 ,then they were chased
 about in turn by great                 
sea-lions1--swimming monsters with huge 
half-human faces1 long thin whiskers1   
and blundering ways4 ,the sea-lions     
liked to bite out the throat of a       
salmon1 with its precious stomach full  
of luscious sardines1 and then to leave 
the rest of the fish to shift for       
itself4 ,and the seals and the herrings 
scattered the salmon about1 till at last
 the hero of our story found himself    
quite alone1 with none of his own kind  

near him4 ,but that did not trouble him 
much1 and he went on his own way1       
getting his dinner when he was hungry1  
which was all the time1 and then eating 
a little between meals for his stomach's
 sake4  ,so it went on for three long   
years2 and at the end of this time our  
little fish had grown to be a great1    
fine salmon of twenty-two pounds'       
weight1 shining like a new tin pan1 and 
with rows of the loveliest round black  
spots on his head and back and tail4    
,one day1 as he was swimming about1 idly
 chasing a big sculpin with head so     
thorny that he never was swallowed by   
anybody1 all of a sudden the salmon     
noticed a change in the water around    
him4  ,spring had come again1 and       
south-lying snow-drifts on the ,cascade 
,mountains once more felt that the earth
 was wheeling sunwards4 ,the cold snow  
waters ran down from the mountains and  
into the ,columbia ,river1 and made a   
freshet on the river4 ,the high water   
went far out into the sea1 and out in   

the sea our salmon felt it on his gills4
 ,he remembered how the cold water used 
to feel in the ,cowlitz when he was a   
little fish4 ,in a blundering1 fishy    
fashion he thought about it2 he wondered
 whether the little eddy looked as it   
used to look1 and whether caddis-worms  
and young mosquitoes were really as     
sweet and tender as he used to think    
they were4 ,then he thought some other  
things2 but as the salmon's mind is     
located in the optic lobes of his brain1
 and ours is in a different place1 we   
cannot be quite certain what his        
thoughts really were4  ,what our salmon 
did1 we know4 ,he did what every grown  
salmon in the ocean does when he feels  
the glacier-water once more upon his    
gills4 ,he became a changed being4 ,he  
spurned the blandishment of soft-shelled
 crabs4 ,the pleasures of the table and 
of the chase1 heretofore his only       
delights1 lost their charms for him4 ,he
 turned his course straight toward the  
direction whence the cold water came1   

and for the rest of his life never      
tasted a mouthful of food4 ,he moved on 
toward the river-mouth1 at first        
playfully1 as though he were not really 
certain whether he meant anything after 
all4 ,afterward1 when he struck the full
 current of the ,columbia1 he plunged   
straight forward with an unflinching    
determination that had in it something  
of the heroic4 ,when he had passed the  
rough water at the bar1 he was not      
alone4 ,his old neighbors of the        
,cowlitz1 and many more from the        
,clackamas and the ,spokane and ,des    
,chutes and ,kootenay1--a great army of 
salmon1--were with him4 ,in front were  
thousands pressing on1 and behind them  
were thousands more1 all moved by a     
common impulse which urged them up the  
,columbia4  ,they were all swimming     
bravely along where the current was     
deepest1 when suddenly the foremost felt
 something tickling like a cobweb about 
their noses and under their chins4 ,they
 changed their course a little to brush 

it off1 and it touched their fins as    
well4 ,then they tried to slip down with
 the current1 and thus leave it behind4 
,but1 no6 the thing1 whatever it was1   
although its touch was soft1 refused to 
let go1 and held them like a fetter4    
,the more they struggled1 the tighter   
became its grasp1 and the whole foremost
 rank of the salmon felt it together2   
for it was a great gill-net1 a quarter  
of a mile long1 stretched squarely      
across the mouth of the river4          
,by-and-by men came in boats1 and hauled
 up the gill-net and the helpless salmon
 that had become entangled in it4 ,they 
threw the fishes into a pile in the     
bottom of the boat1 and the others saw  
them no more4 ,we that live outside the 
water know better what befalls them1 and
 we can tell the story which the salmon 
could not4  ,all along the banks of the 
,columbia ,river1 from its mouth to     
nearly thirty miles away1 there is a    
succession of large buildings1 looking  
like great barns or warehouses1 built on

 piles in the river1 high enough to be  
out of the reach of floods4 ,there are  
thirty of these buildings1 and they are 
called canneries4 ,each cannery has     
about forty boats1 and with each boat   
are two men and a long gill-net4 ,these 
nets fill the whole river as with a nest
 of cobwebs from ,april to ,july1 and to
 each cannery nearly a thousand great   
salmon are brought every day4 ,these    
salmon are thrown in a pile on the      
floor2 and ,wing ,hop1 the big          
,chinaman1 takes them one after another 
on the table1 and with a great knife    
dexterously cuts off the head1 the tail1
 and the fins2 then with a sudden thrust
 he removes the intestines and the eggs4
 ,the body goes into a tank of water2   
and the head is dropped into a box on a 
flat-boat1 and goes down the river to be
 made into salmon oil4 ,next1 the body  
is brought to another table2 and ,quong 
,sang1 with a machine like a            
feed-cutter1 cuts it into pieces each   
just as long as a one-pound can4 ,then  

,ah ,sam1 with a butcher-knife1 cuts    
these pieces into strips just as wide as
 the can4 ,next ,wan ,lee1 the ,china   
boy1 brings down a hundred cans from the
 loft where the tinners are making them1
 and into each puts a spoonful of salt4 
,it takes just six salmon to fill a     
hundred cans4 ,then twenty ,chinamen put
 the pieces of meat into the cans1      
fitting in little strips to make them   
exactly full4 ,ten more solder up the   
cans1 and ten more put the cans into    
boiling water till the meat is          
thoroughly cooked1 and five more punch a
 little hole in the head of each can to 
let out the air4 ,then they solder them 
up again1 and little girls paste on them
 bright-colored labels showing merry    
little cupids riding the happy salmon up
 to the cannery door1 with ,mount       
,tacoma and ,cape ,disappointment in the
 background2 and a legend underneath    
says that this is ,booth's1 or          
,badollet's ,best1 or ,hume's1 or       
,clark's1 or ,kinney's ,superfine ,salt 

,water ,salmon4 ,then the cans are      
placed in cases1 forty-eight in a case1 
and five hundred thousand cases are put 
up every year4 ,great ships come to     
,astoria1 and are loaded with them2 and 
they carry them away to ,london and ,san
 ,francisco and ,liverpool and ,new     
,york and ,sidney and ,valparaiso2 and  
the man at the corner grocery sells them
 at twenty cents a can4  ,all this time 
our salmon is going up the river1       
eluding one net as by a miracle1 and    
soon having need of more miracles to    
escape the rest2 passing by ,astoria on 
a fortunate day1--which was ,sunday1 the
 day on which no man may fish if he     
expects to sell what he catches1--till  
finally he came to where nets were few1 
and1 at last1 to where they ceased      
altogether4 ,but there he found that    
scarcely any of his many companies were 
with him2 for the nets cease when there 
are no more salmon to be caught in them4
 ,so he went on1 day and night1 where   
the water was deepest1 stopping not to  

feed or loiter on the way1 till at last 
he came to a wild gorge1 where the great
 river became an angry torrent1 rushing 
wildly over a huge staircase of rocks4  
,but our hero did not falter2 and       
summoning all his forces1 he plunged    
into the ,cascades4 ,the current caught 
him and dashed him against the rocks4 ,a
 whole row of silvery scales came off   
and glistened in the water like sparks  
of fire1 and a place on his side became 
black-and-red1 which1 for a salmon1 is  
the same as being black-and-blue for    
other people4 ,his comrades tried to go 
up with him2 and one lost his eye1 one  
his tail1 and one had his lower jaw     
pushed back into his head like the joint
 of a telescope4 ,again he tried to     
surmount the ,cascades2 and at last he  
succeeded1 and an ,indian on the rocks  
above was waiting to receive him4 ,but  
the ,indian with his spear was less     
skillful than he was wont to be1 and our
 hero escaped1 losing only a part of one
 of his fins2 and with him came one     

other1 and henceforth these two pursued 
their journey together4  ,now a gradual 
change took place in the looks of our   
salmon4 ,in the sea he was plump and    
round and silvery1 with delicate teeth  
in a symmetrical mouth4 ,now his silvery
 color disappeared1 his skin grew slimy1
 and the scales sank into it2 his back  
grew black1 and his sides turned        
red1--not a healthy red1 but a sort of  
hectic flush4 ,he grew poor1 and his    
back1 formerly as straight as need be1  
now developed an unpleasant hump at the 
shoulders4 ,his eyes--like those of all 
enthusiasts who forsake eating and      
sleeping for some loftier aim--became   
dark and sunken4 ,his symmetrical jaws  
grew longer and longer1 and meeting each
 other1 as the nose of an old man meets 
his chin1 each had to turn aside to let 
the other pass4 ,his beautiful teeth    
grew longer and longer1 and projected   
from his mouth1 giving him a savage and 
wolfish appearance1 quite at variance   
with his real disposition4 ,for all the 

desires and ambitions of his nature had 
become centered into one4 ,we may not   
know what this one was1 but we know that
 it was a strong one2 for it had led him
 on and on1--past the nets and horrors  
of ,astoria2 past the dangerous         
,cascades2 past the spears of ,indians2 
through the terrible flume of the       
,dalles1 where the mighty river is      
compressed between huge rocks into a    
channel narrower than a village street2 
on past the meadows of ,umatilla and the
 wheat-fields of ,walla ,walla2 on to   
where the great ,snake ,river and the   
,columbia join2 on up the ,snake ,river 
and its eastern branch1 till at last he 
reached the foot of the ,bitter ,root   
mountains in the ,territory of ,idaho1  
nearly a thousand miles from the ocean  
which he had left in ,april4 ,with him  
still was the other salmon which had    
come with him through the ,cascades1    
handsomer and smaller than he1 and1 like
 him1 growing poor and ragged and tired4
  ,at last1 one ,october afternoon1 our 

finny travelers came together to a      
little clear brook1 with a bottom of    
fine gravel1 over which the water was   
but a few inches deep4 ,our fish        
painfully worked his way to it2 for his 
tail was all frayed out1 his muscles    
were sore1 and his skin covered with    
unsightly blotches4 ,but his sunken eyes
 saw a ripple in the stream1 and under  
it a bed of little pebbles and sand4 ,so
 there in the sand he scooped out with  
his tail a smooth round place1 and his  
companion came and filled it with       
orange-colored eggs4 ,then our salmon   
came back again2 and softly covering the
 eggs1 the work of their lives was done1
 and1 in the old salmon fashion1 they   
drifted tail foremost down the stream4  
,they drifted on together for a night   
and a day1 but they never came to the   
sea4 ,for the salmon has but one life to
 live1 and it ascends the river but     
once4 ,the rest lies with its children4 
,and when the ,april sunshine fell on   
the globules in the gravel1 these were  

wakened into life4 ,with the early      
autumn rains1 the little fishes were    
large enough to begin their wanderings4 
,they dropped down the current in the   
old salmon fashion4 ,and thus they came 
into the great river and drifted away to
 the sea4    #cif          ,probably no 
short-story writer now living is        
better known than ,rudyard ,kipling1 an 
,english         author born in ,bombay1
 ,india1 in #ahfe4 ,among         his   
many stories are some that may be       
classed         as juvenile romantic    
nature literature4         ,just-,so    
,stories is a collection of humorous    
stories of this type1 excellent for the 
fifth         and sixth grades4 ,the    
,jungle ,book and ,the         ,second  
,jungle ,book1 of a more serious nature1
         may be used in the seventh and 
eighth grades4         ,the story that  
follows1 taken from one of his          
earlier volumes1 illustrates well ,mr4  
,kipling's         style of writing4 ,it
 is suitable for the         seventh or 

eighth grade4   ,,moti ,,guj--,,mutineer
  ,,rudyard ,,kipling  ,once upon a time
 there was a coffee-planter in ,india   
who wished to clear some forest land for
 coffee-planting4 ,when he had cut down 
all the trees and burned the underwood1 
the stumps still remained4 ,dynamite is 
expensive and slow fire slow4 ,the happy
 medium for stump-clearing is the lord  
of all beasts1 who is the elephant4 ,he 
will either push the stump out of the   
ground with his tusks1 if he has any1 or
 drag it out with ropes4 ,the planter1  
therefore1 hired elephants by ones and  
twos and threes1 and fell to work4 ,the 
very best of all the elephants belonged 
to the very worst of all the drivers or 
mahouts2 and this superior beast's name 
was ,moti ,guj4 ,he was the absolute    
property of his mahout1 which would     
never have been the case under native   
rule3 for ,moti ,guj was a creature to  
be desired by kings1 and his name1 being
 translated1 meant the ,pearl ,elephant4
 ,because the ,british government was in

 the land1 ,deesa1 the mahout1 enjoyed  
his property undisturbed4 ,he was       
dissipated4 ,when he had made much money
 through the strength of his elephant1  
he would get extremely drunk and give   
,moti ,guj a beating with a tent-peg    
over the tender nails of the forefeet4  
,moti ,guj never trampled the life out  
of ,deesa on these occasions1 for he    
knew that after the beating was over1   
,deesa would embrace his trunk and weep 
and call him his love and his life and  
the liver of his soul1 and give him some
 liquor4 ,moti ,guj was very fond of    
liquor--arrack for choice1 though he    
would drink palm-tree toddy if nothing  
better offered4 ,then ,deesa would go to
 sleep between ,moti ,guj's forefeet1   
and as ,deesa generally chose the middle
 of the public road1 and as ,moti ,guj  
mounted guard over him1 and would not   
permit horse1 foot1 or cart to pass by1 
traffic was congested till ,deesa saw   
fit to wake up4  ,there was no sleeping 
in the daytime on the planter's         

clearing3 the wages were too high to    
risk4 ,deesa sat on ,moti ,guj's neck   
and gave him orders1 while ,moti ,guj   
rooted up the stumps--for he owned a    
magnificent pair of tusks2 or pulled at 
the end of a rope--for he had a         
magnificent pair of shoulders--while    
,deesa kicked him behind the ears and   
said he was the king of elephants4 ,at  
evening time ,moti ,guj would wash down 
his three hundred pounds' weight of     
green food with a quart of arrack1 and  
,deesa would take a share1 and sing     
songs between ,moti ,guj's legs till it 
was time to go to bed4 ,once a week     
,deesa led ,moti ,guj down to the river1
 and ,moti ,guj lay on his side         
luxuriously in the shallows1 while      
,deesa went over him with a coir-swab   
and a brick4 ,moti ,guj never mistook   
the pounding blow of the latter for the 
smack of the former that warned him to  
get up and turn over on the other side4 
,then ,deesa would look at his feet and 
examine his eyes1 and turn up the       

fringes of his mighty ears in case of   
sores or budding ophthalmia4 ,after     
inspection the two would come up with a 
song from the sea1 ,moti ,guj1 all black
 and shining1 waving a torn tree branch 
twelve feet long in his trunk1 and      
,deesa knotting up his own long wet     
hair4  ,it was a peaceful1 well-paid    
life till ,deesa felt the return of the 
desire to drink deep4 ,he wished for an 
orgy4 ,the little draughts that led     
nowhere were taking the manhood out of  
him4  ,he went to the planter1 and ,my  
mother's dead1 he said1 weeping4  ,she  
died on the last plantation two months  
ago1 and she died once before that when 
you were working for me last year1 said 
the planter1 who knew something of the  
ways of nativedom4  ,then it's my aunt1 
and she was just the same as a mother to
 me1 said ,deesa1 weeping more than     
ever4 ,she has left eighteen small      
children entirely without bread1 and it 
is ,i who must fill their little        
stomachs1 said ,deesa1 beating his head 

on the floor4  ,who brought you the     
news8 said the planter4  ,the post1 said
 ,deesa4  ,there hasn't been a post here
 for the past week4 ,get back to your   
lines6  ,a devastating sickness has     
fallen on my village1 and all my wives  
are dying1 yelled ,deesa1 really in     
tears this time4  ,call ,chihun1 who    
comes from ,deesa's village1 said the   
planter4 ,chihun1 has this man got a    
wife8  ,he8 said ,chihun4 ,no4 ,not a   
woman of our village would look at him4 
,they'd sooner marry the elephant4      
,chihun snorted4 ,deesa wept and        
bellowed4  ,you will get into a         
difficulty in a minute1 said the        
planter4 ,go back to your work6  ,now ,i
 will speak ,heaven's truth1 gulped     
,deesa1 with an inspiration4 ,i haven't 
been drunk for two months4 ,i desire to 
depart in order to get properly drunk   
afar off and distant from this heavenly 
plantation4 ,thus ,i shall cause no     
trouble4  ,a flickering smile crossed   
the planter's face4 ,deesa1 said he1    

you've spoken the truth1 and ,i'd give  
you leave on the spot if anything could 
be done with ,moti ,guj while you're    
away4 ,you know that he will only obey  
your orders4  ,may the light of the     
heavens live forty thousand years4 ,i   
shall be absent but ten little days4    
,after that1 upon my faith and honor and
 soul1 ,i return4 ,as to the            
inconsiderable interval1 have ,i the    
gracious permission of the heaven-born  
to call up ,moti ,guj8  ,permission was 
granted1 and in answer to ,deesa's      
shrill yell1 the mighty tusker swung out
 of the shade of a clump of trees where 
he had been squirting dust over himself 
till his master should return4  ,light  
of my heart1 protector of the drunken1  
mountain of might1 give ear6 said       
,deesa1 standing in front of him4  ,moti
 ,guj gave ear1 and saluted with his    
trunk4 ,i am going away6 said ,deesa4   
,moti ,guj's eyes twinkled4 ,he liked   
jaunts as well as his master4 ,one could
 snatch all manner of nice things from  

the road-side then4  ,but you1 you fussy
 old pig1 must stay behind and work4    
,the twinkle died out as ,moti ,guj     
tried to look delighted4 ,he hated      
stump-hauling on the plantation4 ,it    
hurt his teeth4  ,i shall be gone for   
ten days1 oh delectable one6 ,hold up   
your near forefoot and ,i'll impress the
 fact upon it1 warty toad of a dried    
mud-puddle4 ,deesa took a tent-peg and  
banged ,moti ,guj ten times on the      
nails4 ,moti ,guj grunted and shuffled  
from foot to foot4  ,ten days1 said     
,deesa1 you will work and haul and root 
the trees as ,chihun here shall order   
you4 ,take up ,chihun and set him on    
your neck6 ,moti ,guj curled the tip of 
his trunk1 ,chihun put his foot there1  
and was swung on to the neck4 ,deesa    
handed ,chihun the heavy ankus--the iron
 elephant goad4  ,chihun thumped ,moti  
,guj's bald head as a paver thumps a    
curbstone4  ,moti ,guj trumpeted4  ,be  
still1 hog of the backwoods6 ,chihun's  
your mahout for ten days4 ,and now bid  

me good-by1 beast after mine own heart4 
,oh1 my lord1 my king6 ,jewel of all    
created elephants1 lily of the herd1    
preserve your honored health2 be        
virtuous4 ,adieu6  ,moti ,guj lapped his
 trunk round ,deesa and swung him into  
the air twice4 ,that was his way of     
bidding him good-by4  ,he'll work now1  
said ,deesa to the planter4 ,have ,i    
leave to go8  ,the planter nodded1 and  
,deesa dived into the woods4 ,moti ,guj 
went back to haul stumps4  ,chihun was  
very kind to him1 but he felt unhappy   
and forlorn for all that4 ,chihun gave  
him a ball of spices1 and tickled him   
under the chin1 and ,chihun's little    
baby cooed to him after work was over1  
and ,chihun's wife called him a darling2
 but ,moti ,guj was a bachelor by       
instinct1 as ,deesa was4 ,he did not    
understand the domestic emotions4 ,he   
wanted the light of his universe back   
again--the drink and the drunken        
slumber1 the savage beatings and the    
savage caresses4  ,none the less he     

worked well1 and the planter wondered4  
,deesa had wandered along the roads till
 he met a marriage procession of his own
 caste1 and1 drinking1 dancing1 and     
tippling1 had drifted with it past all  
knowledge of the lapse of time4  ,the   
morning of the eleventh day dawned1 and 
there returned no ,deesa4 ,moti ,guj was
 loosed from his ropes for the daily    
stint4 ,he swung clear1 looked round1   
shrugged his shoulders1 and began to    
walk away1 as one having business       
elsewhere4  ,hi6 ho6 ,come back you6    
shouted ,chihun4 ,come back and put me  
on your neck1 misborn mountain6 ,return1
 splendor of the hill-sides6 ,adornment 
of all ,india1 heave to1 or ,i'll bang  
every toe off your fat forefoot6  ,moti 
,guj gurgled gently1 but did not obey4  
,chihun ran after him with a rope and   
caught him up4 ,moti ,guj put his ears  
forward1 and ,chihun knew what that     
meant1 though he tried to carry it off  
with high words4  ,none of your nonsense
 with me1 said he4 ,to your pickets1    

devil-son6  ,hrrump6 said ,moti ,guj1   
and that was all--that and the forebent 
ears4  ,moti ,guj put his hands in his  
pockets1 chewed a branch for a          
toothpick1 and strolled about the       
clearing1 making fun of the other       
elephants who had just set to work4     
,chihun reported the state of affairs to
 the planter1 who came out with a       
dog-whip and cracked it furiously4 ,moti
 ,guj paid the white man the compliment 
of charging him nearly a quarter of a   
mile across the clearing and ,hrrumphing
 him into his veranda4 ,then he stood   
outside the house1 chuckling to himself 
and shaking all over with the fun of it 
as an elephant will4  ,we'll thrash him1
 said the planter4 ,he shall have the   
finest thrashing ever elephant received4
 ,give ,kala ,nag and ,nazim twelve foot
 of chain apiece1 and tell them to lay  
on twenty4  ,kala ,nag--which means     
,black ,snake--and ,nazim were two of   
the biggest elephants in the lines1 and 
one of their duties was to administer   

the graver punishment1 since no man can 
beat an elephant properly4  ,they took  
the whipping-chains and rattled them in 
their trunks as they sidled up to ,moti 
,guj1 meaning to hustle him between     
them4 ,moti ,guj had never1 in all his  
life of thirty-nine years1 been whipped1
 and he did not intend to begin a new   
experience4 ,so he waited1 waving his   
head from right to left1 and measuring  
the precise spot in ,kala ,nag's fat    
side where a blunt tusk could sink      
deepest4 ,kala ,nag had no tusks2 the   
chain was the badge of his authority2   
but for all that1 he swung wide of ,moti
 ,guj at the last minute1 and tried to  
appear as if he had brought the chain   
out for amusement4 ,nazim turned round  
and went home early4 ,he did not feel   
fighting fit that morning and so ,moti  
,guj was left1 standing alone with his  
ears cocked4  ,that decided the planter 
to argue no more1 and ,moti ,guj rolled 
back to his amateur inspection of the   
clearing4 ,an elephant who will not work

 and is not tied up is about as         
manageable as an eighty-one-ton gun     
loose in a heavy seaway4 ,he slapped old
 friends on the back and asked them if  
the stumps were coming away easily2 he  
talked nonsense concerning labor and the
 inalienable rights of elephants to a   
long nooning2 and1 wandering to and fro1
 he thoroughly demoralized the garden   
till sundown1 when he returned to his   
picket for food4  ,if you won't work1   
you shan't eat1 said ,chihun1 angrily4  
,you're a wild elephant1 and no educated
 animal at all4 ,go back to your jungle4
  ,chihun's little brown baby was       
rolling on the floor of the hut1 and    
stretching out its fat arms to the huge 
shadow in the doorway4 ,moti ,guj knew  
well that it was the dearest thing on   
earth to ,chihun4 ,he swung out his     
trunk with a fascinating crook at the   
end1 and the brown baby threw itself1   
shouting upon it4 ,moti ,guj made fast  
and pulled up till the brown baby was   
crowing in the air twelve feet above his

 father's head4  ,great ,lord6 said     
,chihun4 ,flour cakes of the best1      
twelve in number1 two feet across and   
soaked in rum1 shall be yours on the    
instant1 and two hundred pounds weight  
of fresh-cut young sugar-cane therewith4
 ,deign only to put down safely that    
insignificant brat who is my heart and  
my life to me6  ,moti ,guj tucked the   
brown baby comfortably between his      
forefeet1 that could have knocked into  
toothpicks all ,chihun's hut1 and waited
 for his food4 ,he ate it1 and the brown
 baby crawled away4 ,moti ,guj dozed and
 thought of ,deesa4 ,one of many        
mysteries connected with the elephant is
 that his huge body needs less sleep    
than anything else that lives4 ,four or 
five hours in the night suffice--two    
just before midnight1 lying down on one 
side2 two just after one o'clock1 lying 
down on the other4 ,the rest of the     
silent hours are filled with eating and 
fidgeting1 and long grumbling           
soliloquies4  ,at midnight1 therefore1  

,moti ,guj strode out of his pickets1   
for a thought had come to him that      
,deesa might be lying drunk somewhere in
 the dark forest with none to look after
 him4 ,so all that night he chased      
through the undergrowth1 blowing and    
trumpeting and shaking his ears4 ,he    
went down to the river and blared across
 the shallows where ,deesa used to wash 
him1 but there was no answer4 ,he could 
not find ,deesa1 but he disturbed all   
the other elephants in the lines1 and   
nearly frightened to death some gypsies 
in the woods4  ,at dawn ,deesa returned 
to the plantation4 ,he had been very    
drunk indeed1 and he expected to get    
into trouble for outstaying his leave4  
,he drew a long breath when he saw that 
the bungalow and the plantation were    
still uninjured1 for he knew something  
of ,moti ,guj's temper1 and reported    
himself with many lies and salaams4     
,moti ,guj had gone to his pickets for  
breakfast4 ,the night exercises had made
 him hungry4  ,call up your beast1 said 

the planter2 and ,deesa shouted in the  
mysterious elephant language that some  
mahouts believe came from ,china at the 
birth of the world1 when elephants and  
not men were masters4 ,moti ,guj heard  
and came4 ,elephants do not gallop4     
,they move from places at varying rates 
of speed4 ,if an elephant wished to     
catch an express train he could not     
gallop1 but he could catch the train4   
,so ,moti ,guj was at the planter's door
 almost before ,chihun noticed that he  
had left his pickets4 ,he fell into     
,deesa's arms1 trumpeting with joy1 and 
the man and beast wept and slobbered    
over each other1 and handled each other 
from head to heel to see that no harm   
had befallen4  ,now we will get to work1
 said ,deesa4 ,lift me up1 my son and my
 joy6  ,moti ,guj swung him up1 and the 
two went to the coffee-clearing to look 
for difficult stumps4  ,the planter was 
too astonished to be very angry4    #cig
          ,among the writers of nature  
fiction1 probably         no one        

deserves higher rank than ,charles ,g4  
,d4         ,roberts 7#ahfj--71 a       
,canadian4 ,mr4 ,roberts does           
not tell of his own adventures4 ,his    
stories are         truly nature fiction
 because the characters are             
animals and the purpose is to reveal the
 nature         of these characters by  
showing how they would         act when 
placed in various imaginary             
situations4 ,kings in ,exile1 from which
 the         following selection is     
taken1 is a book of         splendid    
stories of large animals4 ,other        
excellent books by ,mr4 ,roberts1       
suitable for         the seventh and    
eighth grades1 are ,hoof and            
,claw1 ,children of the ,wild1 ,secret  
,trails1         and ,watchers of the   
,trails1 7,last ,bull is         used by
 permission of the publishers1 ,the     
,macmillan ,co41 ,new ,york47   ,,last  
,,bull  ,,charles ,g4 ,d4 ,,roberts     
,that was what two grim old sachems of  
the ,dacotahs had dubbed him2 and though

 his official title1 on the lists of the
 ,zoological ,park1 was ,kaiser1 the new
 and more significant name had promptly 
supplanted it4 ,the ,park               
authorities--people of imagination and  
of sentiment1 as must all be who would  
deal successfully with wild animals--had
 felt at once that the name aptly       
embodied the tragedies and the romantic 
memories of his all-but-vanished race4  
,they had felt1 too1 that the two old   
braves who had been brought ,east to    
adorn a city pageant1 and who had stood 
gazing stoically for hours at the great 
bull buffalo through the barrier of the 
steel-wire fence1 were fitted1 before   
all others1 to give him a name4 ,between
 him and them there was surely a tragic 
bond1 as they stood there islanded among
 the swelling tides of civilization     
which had already engulfed their        
kindreds4 ,last ,bull they had called   
him1 as he answered their gaze with     
little1 sullen1 melancholy eyes from    
under his ponderous and shaggy front4   

,last ,bull--and the passing of his race
 was in the name4  ,here1 in his fenced1
 protected range1 with a space of grassy
 meadow1 half a dozen clumps of         
sheltering trees1 two hundred yards of  
the run of a clear1 unfailing brook1 and
 a warm shed for refuge against the     
winter storms1 the giant buffalo ruled  
his little herd of three tawny cows1 two
 yearlings1 and one blundering1 butting 
calf of the season4 ,he was a           
magnificent specimen of his             
race--surpassing1 it was said1 the      
finest bull in the ,yellowstone         
preserves or in the guarded ,canadian   
herd of the ,north4 ,little short of    
twelve feet in length1 a good five foot 
ten in height at the tip of his humped  
and huge fore-shoulders1 he seemed to   
justify the most extravagant tales of   
pioneer and huntsman4 ,his hind-quarters
 were trim and fine-lined1 built        
apparently for speed1 smooth-haired1 and
 of a grayish lion-color4 ,but his      
fore-shoulders1 mounting to an enormous 

hump1 were of an elephantine            
massiveness1 and clothed in a dense1    
curling1 golden-brown growth of matted  
hair4 ,his mighty head was carried low1 
almost to the level of his knees1 on a  
neck of colossal strength1 which was    
draped1 together with the forelegs down 
to the knees1 in a flowing brown mane   
tipped with black4 ,his head1 too1 to   
the very muzzle1 wore the same luxuriant
 and sombre drapery1 out of which curved
 viciously the keen-tipped crescent of  
his horns4 ,dark1 huge1 and ominous1 he 
looked curiously out of place in the    
secure and familiar tranquillity of his 
green pasture4  ,for a distance of      
perhaps fifty yards1 at the back of the 
pasture1 the range of the buffalo herd  
adjoined that of the moose1 divided from
 it by that same fence of heavy         
steel-wire mesh1 supported by iron      
posts1 which surrounded the whole range4
 ,one sunny and tingling day in late    
,october--such a day as makes the blood 
race full red through all healthy       

veins--a magnificent stranger was       
brought to the ,park1 and turned into   
the moose-range4  ,the newcomer was a   
,new ,brunswick bull moose1 captured on 
the ,tobique during the previous spring 
when the snow was deep and soft1 and    
purchased for the ,park by one of the   
big ,eastern lumber-merchants4 ,the     
moose-herd had consisted1 hitherto1 of  
four lonely cows1 and the splendid bull 
was a prize which the ,park had long    
been coveting4 ,he took lordly          
possession1 forthwith1 of the submissive
 little herd1 and led them off at once  
from the curious crowds about the gate  
to explore the wild-looking thickets at 
the back of the pasture4 ,but no sooner 
had he fairly entered these thickets    
than he found his further progress      
barred by the steel-meshed fence4 ,this 
was a bitter disappointment1 for he had 
expected to go striding through miles of
 alder swamp and dark spruce woods1     
fleeing the hated world of men and      
bondage1 before setting himself to get  

acquainted with his new followers4 ,his 
high-strung temper was badly jarred4 ,he
 drew off1 shaking his vast antlers1 and
 went shambling with spacious stride    
down along the barrier towards the      
brook4 ,the four cows1 in single file1  
hurried after him anxiously1 afraid he  
might be snatched away from them4  ,last
 ,bull1 standing solitary and morose on 
a little knoll in his pasture1 caught   
sight of the strange1 dark figure of the
 running moose4 ,a spark leapt into his 
heavy eyes4 ,he wheeled1 pawed the sod1 
put his muzzle to the ground1 and       
bellowed a sonorous challenge4 ,the     
moose stopped short and stared about    
him1 the stiff hair lifting angrily     
along the ridge of his massive neck4    
,last ,bull lowered his head and tore up
 the sod with his horns4  ,this vehement
 action caught the eyes of the moose4   
,at first he stared in amazement1 for he
 had never seen any creature that looked
 like ,last ,bull4 ,the two were only   
about fifty or sixty yards apart1 across

 the little valley of the bushy swamp4  
,as he stared1 his irritation speedily  
overcame his amazement4 ,the            
curious-looking creature over there on  
the knoll was defying him1 was          
challenging him4 ,at this time of year  
his blood was hot and quick for any     
challenge4 ,he gave vent to a short1    
harsh1 explosive cry1 more like a       
grumbling bleat than a bellow1 and as   
unlike the buffalo's challenge as could 
well be imagined4 ,then he fell to      
thrashing the nearest bushes violently  
with his antlers4 ,this1 for some reason
 unknown to the mere human chronicler1  
seemed to be taken by ,last ,bull as a  
crowning insolence4 ,his long1 tasselled
 tail went stiffly up into the air1 and 
he charged wrathfully down the knoll4   
,the moose1 with his heavy-muzzled head 
stuck straight out scornfully before    
him1 and his antlers laid flat along his
 back1 strode down to the encounter with
 a certain deadly deliberation4 ,he was 
going to fight4 ,there was no doubt     

whatever on that score4 ,but he had not 
quite made up his wary mind as to how he
 would deal with this unknown and novel 
adversary4  ,they looked not so         
unequally matched1 these two1 the       
monarch of the ,western plains1 and the 
monarch of the ,northeastern forests4   
,both had something of the monstrous1   
the uncouth1 about them1 as if they     
belonged not to this modern day1 but to 
some prehistoric epoch when ,earth      
moulded her children on more lavish and 
less graceful lines4 ,the moose was like
 the buffalo in having his hind-quarters
 relatively slight and low1 and his back
 sloping upwards to a hump over the     
immensely developed fore-shoulders4 ,but
 he had much less length of body1 and   
much less bulk1 though perhaps eight or 
ten inches more of height at the tip of 
the shoulder4 ,his hair was short1 and  
darker than that of his shaggy rival1   
being almost black except on legs and   
belly4 ,instead of carrying his head    
low1 like the buffalo1 for feeding on   

the level prairies1 he bore it high1    
being in the main a tree-feeder4 ,but   
the greatest difference between the two 
champions was in their heads and horns4 
,the antlers of the moose formed a huge1
 fantastic1 flatly palmated or leaflike 
structure1 separating into sharp prongs 
along the edges1 and spreading more than
 four feet from tip to tip4 ,to compare 
them with the short1 polished crescent  
of the horns of ,last ,bull was like    
comparing a two-handed broadsword to a  
bowie-knife4 ,and his head1 instead of  
being short1 broad1 ponderous1 and      
shaggy1 like ,last ,bull's1 was long1   
close-haired1 and massively horse-faced1
 with a projecting upper lip heavy and  
grim4  ,had there been no impregnable   
steel barrier between them1 it is hard  
to say which would have triumphed in the
 end1 the ponderous weight and fury of  
,last ,bull1 or the ripping prongs and  
swift wrath of the moose4 ,the buffalo  
charged down the knoll at a thundering  
gallop2 but just before reaching the    

fence he checked himself violently4     
,more than once or twice before had     
those elastic but impenetrable meshes   
given him his lesson1 hurling him back  
with humiliating harshness when he      
dashed his bulk against them4 ,he had   
too lively a memory of past             
discomfitures to risk a fresh one now in
 the face of this insolent foe4 ,his    
matted front came against the wire with 
a force so cunningly moderated that he  
was not thrown back by the recoil4 ,and 
the keen points of his horns went       
through the meshes with a vehemence     
which might indeed have done its work   
effectively had they come in contact    
with the adversary4 ,as it was1 however1
 they but prodded empty air4  ,the      
moose1 meanwhile1 had been in doubt     
whether to attack with his antlers1 as  
was his manner when encountering foes of
 his own kind1 or with his knife-edged  
fore-hoofs1 which were the weapons he   
used against bears1 wolves1 or other    
alien adversaries4 ,finally he seemed to

 make up his mind that ,last ,bull1     
having horns and a most redoubtable     
stature1 must be some kind of moose4 ,in
 that case1 of course1 it became a      
question of antlers4 ,moreover1 in his  
meetings with rival bulls it had never  
been his wont to depend upon a blind1   
irresistible charge1--thereby leaving it
 open to an alert opponent to slip aside
 and rip him along the flank1--but      
rather to fence warily for an advantage 
in the locking of antlers1 and then bear
 down his foe by the fury and speed of  
his pushing4 ,it so happened1 therefore1
 that he1 too1 came not too violently   
against the barrier4 ,loudly his vast   
spread of antlers clashed upon the steel
 meshes2 and one short prong1 jutting   
low over his brow1 pierced through and  
furrowed deeply the matted forehead of  
the buffalo4  ,as the blood streamed    
down over his nostrils1 obscuring one   
eye1 ,last ,bull quite lost his head    
with rage4 ,drawing off1 he hurled      
himself blindly upon the barrier--only  

to be hurled back again with a vigor    
that brought him to his knees4 ,but at  
the same time the moose1 on the other   
side of the fence1 got a huge surprise4 
,having his antlers against the barrier 
when ,last ,bull charged1 he was forced 
back irresistibly upon his haunches with
 a rudeness quite unlike anything that  
he had ever before experienced4 ,his    
massive neck felt as if a pine tree had 
fallen upon it1 and he came back to the 
charge quite beside himself with        
bewilderment and rage4  ,by this time1  
however1 the keepers and ,park          
attendants were arriving on the scene1  
armed with pitchforks and other         
unpleasant executors of authority4      
,snorting1 and bellowing1 and grunting1 
the monstrous duellists were forced     
apart2 and ,last ,bull1 who had been    
taught something of man's dominance1 was
 driven off to his stable and           
imprisoned4 ,he was not let out again   
for two whole days4 ,and by that time   
another fence1 parallel with the first  

and some five or six feet distant from  
it1 had been run up between his range   
and that of the moose4 ,over this       
impassable zone of neutrality1 for a few
 days1 the two rivals flung insult and  
futile defiance1 till suddenly1 becoming
 tired of it all1 they seemed to agree  
to ignore each other's existence4       
,after this1 ,last ,bull's sullenness of
 temper appeared to grow upon him4 ,he  
was fond of drawing apart from the      
little herd1 and taking up his solitary 
post on the knoll1 where he would stand 
for an hour at a time motionless except 
for the switching of his long tail1 and 
staring steadily westward as if he knew 
where the great past of his race had    
lain4 ,in that direction a dense grove  
of chestnuts1 maples1 and oaks bounded  
the range1 cutting off the view of the  
city roofs1 the roar of the city        
traffic4 ,beyond the city were mountains
 and wide waters which he could not see2
 but beyond the waters and the mountains
 stretched the green1 illimitable       

plains--which perhaps 7who knows87 in   
some faint vision inherited from the    
ancestors whose myriads had possessed   
them1 his sombre eyes1 in some strange  
way1 could see4 ,among the keepers and  
attendants generally it was said1 with  
anxious regret1 that perhaps ,last ,bull
 was going bad4 ,but the headkeeper1    
,payne1 himself a son of the plains1    
repudiated the idea4 ,he declared       
sympathetically that the great bull was 
merely homesick1 pining for the         
wind-swept levels of the open country   
7,god's country1 ,payne called it67     
which his imprisoned hoofs had never    
trodden4  ,be this as it may1 the fact  
could not be gainsaid that ,last ,bull  
was growing more and more morose4 ,the  
spectators1 strolling along the wide    
walk which skirted the front of his     
range1 seemed to irritate him1 and      
sometimes1 when a group had gathered to 
admire him1 he would turn his low-hung  
head and answer their staring eyes with 
a kind of heavy fury1 as if he burned to

 break forth upon them and seek         
vengeance for incalculable wrongs4 ,this
 smouldering indignation against        
humanity extended equally1 if not more  
violently1 to all creatures who appeared
 to him as servants or allies of        
humanity4 ,the dogs whom he sometimes   
saw passing1 held in leash by their     
masters or mistresses1 made him paw the 
earth scornfully if he happened to be   
near the fence4 ,the patient horses who 
pulled the road-roller or the noisy     
lawn-mower made his eyes redden         
savagely4 ,and he hated with peculiar   
zest the roguish little trick elephant1 
,bong1 who would sometimes1 his         
inquisitive trunk swinging from side to 
side1 go lurching lazily by with a load 
of squealing children on his back4      
,bong1 who was a favored character1     
amiable and trustworthy1 was allowed the
 freedom of the ,park in the early      
morning1 before visitors began to arrive
 who might be alarmed at seeing an      
elephant at large4 ,he was addicted to  

minding his own business1 and never paid
 the slightest attention to any         
occupants of cage or enclosure4 ,he was 
quite unaware of the hostility which he 
had aroused in the perverse and brooding
 heart of ,last ,bull4  ,one crisp      
morning in late ,november1 when all the 
grass in the ,park had been blackened by
 frost1 and the pools were edged with   
silver rims of ice1 and mists were white
 and saffron about the scarce-risen sun1
 and that autumn thrill was in the air  
which gives one such an appetite1 ,bong 
chanced to be strolling past the front  
of ,last ,bull's range4 ,he did not see 
,last ,bull1 who was nothing to him4    
,but1 being just as hungry as he ought  
to be on so stimulating a morning1 he   
did see1 and note with interest1 some   
bundles of fresh hay on the other side  
of the fence4  ,now1 ,bong was no thief4
 ,but hay had always seemed to him a    
free largess1 like grass and water1 and 
this looked like very good hay4 ,so     
clear a conscience had he on the subject

 that he never thought of glancing      
around to see if any of the attendants  
were looking4 ,innocently he lurched up 
to the fence1 reached his lithe trunk   
through1 gathered a neat wisp of the    
hay1 and stuffed it happily into his    
curious1 narrow1 pointed mouth4 ,yes1 he
 had not been mistaken4 ,it was good    
hay4 ,with great satisfaction he reached
 in for another mouthful4  ,last ,bull1 
as it happened1 was standing close by1  
but a little to one side4 ,he had been  
ignoring1 so far1 his morning ration4   
,he was not hungry4 ,and1 moreover1 he  
rather disapproved of the hay because it
 had the hostile man-smell strong upon  
it4 ,nevertheless1 he recognized it very
 clearly as his property1 to be eaten   
when he should feel inclined to eat it4 
,his wrath1 then1 was only equalled by  
his amazement when he saw the little    
elephant's presumptuous gray trunk reach
 in and coolly help itself4 ,for a      
moment he forgot to do anything whatever
 about it4 ,but when1 a few seconds     

later1 that long1 curling trunk of      
,bong's insinuated itself again and     
appropriated another bundle of the now  
precious hay1 the outraged owner        
bestirred himself4 ,with a curt roar1   
that was more of a cough or a grunt than
 a bellow1 he lunged forward and strove 
to pin the intruding trunk to the       
ground4  ,with startled alacrity ,bong  
withdrew his trunk1 but just in time to 
save it from being mangled4 ,for an     
instant he stood with the member held   
high in air1 bewildered by what seemed  
to him such a gratuitous attack4 ,then  
his twinkling little eyes began to      
blaze1 and he trumpeted shrilly with    
anger4 ,the next moment1 reaching over  
the fence1 he brought down the trunk on 
,last ,bull's hump with such a terrible 
flail-like blow that the great buffalo  
stumbled forward upon his knees4  ,he   
was up again in an instant and hurling  
himself madly against the inexorable    
steel which separated him from his foe4 
,bong hesitated for a second1 then1     

reaching over the fence once more1      
clutched ,last ,bull maliciously around 
the base of his horns and tried to twist
 his neck4 ,this enterprise1 however1   
was too much even for the elephant's    
titanic powers1 for ,last ,bull's       
greatest strength lay in the muscles of 
his ponderous and corded neck4 ,raving  
and bellowing1 he plunged this way and  
that1 striving in vain to wrench himself
 free from that incomprehensible1       
snake-like thing which had fastened upon
 him4 ,bong1 trumpeting savagely1 braced
 himself with widespread pillars of     
legs1 and between them it seemed that   
the steel fence must go down under such 
cataclysmic shocks as it was suffering4 
,but the noisy violence of the battle   
presently brought its own ending4 ,an   
amused but angry squad of attendants    
came up and stopped it1 and ,bong1 who  
seemed plainly the aggressor1 was       
hustled off to his stall in deep        
disgrace4  ,last ,bull was humiliated4  
,in this encounter things had happened  

which he could in no way comprehend2 and
 though1 beyond an aching in neck and   
shoulders1 he felt none the worse       
physically1 he had nevertheless a sense 
of having been worsted1 of having been  
treated with ignominy1 in spite of the  
fact that it was his foe1 and not he1   
who had retired from the field4 ,for    
several days he wore a subdued air and  
kept about meekly with his docile cows4 
,then his old1 bitter moodiness         
reasserted itself1 and he resumed his   
solitary broodings on the crest of the  
knoll4  ,when the winter storms came on1
 it had been ,last ,bull's custom to let
 himself be housed luxuriously at       
nightfall1 with the rest of the herd1 in
 the warm and ample buffalo-shed4 ,but  
this winter he made such difficulty     
about going in that at last ,payne      
decreed that he should have his own way 
and stay out4 ,it will do him no harm1  
and may cool his peppery blood some6 had
 been the keeper's decision4 ,so the    
door was left open1 and ,last ,bull     

entered or refrained1 according to his  
whim4 ,it was noticed1 however1--and    
this struck a chord of answering        
sympathy in the plainsman's imaginative 
temperament1--that1 though on ordinary  
nights he might come in and stay with   
the herd under shelter1 on nights of    
driving storm1 if the tempest blew from 
the west or northwest1 ,last ,bull was  
sure to be out on the naked knoll to    
face it4 ,when the fine sleet or        
stinging rain drove past him1 filling   
his nostrils with their cold1 drenching 
his matted mane1 and lashing his        
narrowed eyes1 what visions swept       
through his troubled1 half-comprehending
 brain1 no one may know4 ,but ,payne1   
with understanding born of sympathy and 
a common native soil1 catching sight of 
his dark bulk under the dark of the low 
sky1 was wont to declare that he knew4  
,he would say that ,last ,bull's eyes   
discerned1 black under the hurricane1   
but lit strangely with the flash of keen
 horns and rolling eyes and frothed     

nostrils1 the endless and innumerable   
droves of the buffalo1 with the plains  
wolf skulking on their flanks1 passing1 
passing1 southward into the final dark4 
,in the roar of the wind1 declared      
,payne1 ,last ,bull1 out there in the   
night1 listened to the trampling of all 
those vanished droves4 ,and though the  
other keepers insisted to each other1   
quite privately1 that their chief talked
 a lot of nonsense about that there     
mean-tempered old buffalo1 they         
nevertheless came gradually to look upon
 ,last ,bull with a kind of awe1 and to 
regard his surly whims as privileged4   
,it chanced that winter that men were   
driving a railway tunnel beneath a      
corner of the ,park4 ,the tunnel ran for
 a short distance under the front of    
,last ,bull's range1 and passed close by
 the picturesque cottage occupied by    
,payne and two of his assistants4 ,at   
this point the level of the ,park was   
low1 and the shell of earth was thin    
above the tunnel roof4  ,there came a   

,sunday afternoon1 after days of rain   
and penetrating ,january thaw1 when sun 
and air combined to cheat the earth with
 an illusion of spring4 ,the buds and   
the mould breathed of ,april1 and gay   
crowds flocked to the ,park1 to make the
 most of winter's temporary repulse4    
,just when things were at their gayest1 
with children's voices clamoring        
everywhere like starlings1 and ,bong1   
the little elephant1 swinging           
good-naturedly up the broad white track 
with all the load he had room for on his
 back1 there came an ominous jar and    
rumble1 like the first of an earthquake1
 which ran along the front of ,last     
,bull's range4  ,with sure instinct1    
,bong turned tail and fled with his     
young charges away across the grassland4
 ,the crowds1 hardly knowing what they  
fled from1 with screams and cries and   
blanched faces1 followed the elephant's 
example4 ,a moment later and1 with a    
muffled crash1 all along the front of   
the range1 the earth sank into the      

tunnel1 carrying with it half a dozen   
panels of ,last ,bull's hated fence4    
,almost in a moment the panic of the    
crowd subsided4 ,every one realized just
 what had happened4 ,moreover1 thanks to
 ,bong's timely alarm1 every one had got
 out of the way in good season4 ,all    
fear of earthquake being removed1 the   
crowd flocked back eagerly to stare down
 into the wrecked tunnel1 which formed  
now a sort of gaping1 chaotic ditch1    
with sides at some points precipitous   
and at others brokenly sloping4 ,the    
throng was noisy with excited interest  
and with relief at having escaped so    
cleanly4 ,the break had run just beneath
 one corner of the keepers' cottage1    
tearing away a portion of the foundation
 and wrenching the structure slightly   
aside without overthrowing it4 ,payne1  
who had been in the midst of his ,sunday
 toilet1 came out upon his twisted      
porch1 half undressed and with a        
shaving-brush covered with lather in his
 hand4 ,he gave one look at the damage  

which had been wrought1 then plunged    
indoors again to throw his clothes on1  
at the same time sounding the hurry call
 for the attendants in other quarters of
 the ,park4  ,last ,bull1 who had been  
standing on his knoll1 with his back to 
the throngs1 had wheeled in astonishment
 at the heavy sound of the cave-in4 ,for
 a few minutes he had stared sullenly1  
not grasping the situation4 ,then very  
slowly it dawned on him that his prison 
walls had fallen4 ,yes1 surely1 there at
 last lay his way to freedom1 his path  
to the great open spaces for which he   
dumbly and vaguely hungered4 ,with      
stately deliberation he marched down    
from his knoll to investigate4  ,but    
presently another idea came into his    
slow mind4 ,he saw the clamorous crowds 
flocking back and ranging themselves    
along the edge of the chasm4 ,these were
 his enemies4 ,they were coming to balk 
him4 ,a terrible madness surged through 
all his veins4 ,he bellowed savage      
warning and came thundering down the    

field1 nose to earth1 dark1 mountainous1
 irresistible4  ,the crowd yelled and   
shrank back4 ,he can't get across6      
shouted some4 ,but others cried3 ,he    
can6 ,he's coming6 ,save yourselves6    
,and with shrieks they scattered wildly 
across the open1 making for the kiosks1 
the pavilions1 the trees1 anything that 
seemed to promise hiding or shelter from
 that on-rushing doom4  ,at the edge of 
the chasm--at this point forming not an 
actual drop1 but a broken slide--,last  
,bull hardly paused4 ,he plunged down1  
rolled over in the debris1 struggled to 
his feet again instantly1 and went      
ploughing and snorting up the opposite  
steep4 ,as his colossal front1 matted   
with mud1 loomed up over the brink1 his 
little eyes rolling and flaming1 and the
 froth flying from his red nostrils1 he 
formed a very nightmare of horror to    
those fugitives who dared to look behind
 them4  ,surmounting the brink1 he      
paused4 ,there were so many enemies1 he 
knew not which to pursue first4 ,but    

straight ahead1 in the very middle of   
the open1 and far from any shelter1 he  
saw a huddled group of children and     
nurses fleeing impotently and aimlessly4
 ,shrill cries came from the cluster1   
which danced with colors1 scarlet and   
yellow and blue and vivid pink4 ,to the 
mad buffalo1 these were the most        
conspicuous and the loudest of his foes1
 and therefore the most dangerous4 ,with
 a bellow he flung his tail straight in 
the air1 and charged after them4  ,an   
appalling hush fell1 for a few          
heartbeats1 all over the field4 ,then   
from different quarters appeared        
uniformed attendants1 racing and        
shouting frantically to divert the      
bull's attention4 ,from fleeing groups  
black-coated men leapt forth1 armed only
 with their walking-sticks1 and rushed  
desperately to defend the flock of      
children1 who now1 in the extremity of  
their terror1 were tumbling as they ran4
 ,some of the nurses were fleeing far in
 front1 while others1 the faithful ones1

 with eyes starting from their heads1   
grabbed up their little charges and     
struggled on under the burden4  ,already
 ,last ,bull was halfway across the     
space which divided him from his foes4  
,the ground shook under his ponderous   
gallop4 ,at this moment ,payne          
reappeared on the broken porch4  ,one   
glance showed him that no one was near  
enough to intervene4 ,with a face stern 
and sorrowful he lifted the deadly 4#dje
 ,winchester which he had brought out   
with him4 ,the spot he covered was just 
behind ,last ,bull's mighty shoulder4   
,the smokeless powder spoke with a      
small1 venomous report1 unlike the black
 powder's noisy reverberation4 ,last    
,bull stumbled4 ,but recovering himself 
instantly1 he rushed on4 ,he was hurt1  
and he felt it was those fleeing foes   
who had done it4 ,a shade of perplexity 
darkened ,payne's face4 ,he fired again4
 ,this time his aim was true4 ,the heavy
 expanding bullet tore straight through 
bone and muscle and heart1 and ,last    

,bull lurched forward upon his head1    
ploughing up the turf for yards4 ,as his
 mad eyes softened and filmed1 he saw   
once more1 perhaps1--or so the          
heavy-hearted keeper who had slain him  
would have us believe1--the shadowy     
plains unrolling under the wild sky1 and
 the hosts of his vanished kindred      
drifting past into the dark4            
,,section ,x  ,,romance ,,cycles ,,and  
,,legend     ,,bibliography    ,baldwin1
 ,james1 ,the ,story of ,roland4 ,the   
,story of ,siegfried4    ,baring-,gould1
 ,sabine1 ,curious ,myths of the ,middle
 ,ages4    ,becquer1 ,g4 ,a41 ,romantic 
,legends of ,spain4    ,canton1 ,w4 ,v41
 ,child's ,book of ,saints4             
,cervantes-,saavedra1 ,miguel de1 ,don  
,quixote4 ,in translation1 or       as  
retold by ,havell or ,parry4    ,church1
 ,alfred ,j41 ,stories from the ,iliad4 
,stories from the       ,odyssey4       
,heroes of ,chivalry and ,romance4      
,stories of ,charlemagne       and the  
,twelve ,peers of ,france4    ,colum1   

,padraic1 ,the ,adventures of ,odysseus 
and the ,tale of ,troy4    ,crommelin1  
,emeline ,g41 ,famous ,legends4         
,darton1 ,f4 ,j4 ,h41 ,wonder ,book of  
,old ,romance4    ,farrington1 ,margaret
 ,v41 ,tales of ,king ,arthur4          
,finnemore1 ,john1 ,the ,story of ,robin
 ,hood and ,his ,merry ,men4            
,guerber1 ,h4 ,a41 ,legends of the      
,middle ,ages4    ,guest1 ,lady         
,charlotte1 ,the ,mabinogion4           
,herbertson1 ,agnes ,g41 ,heroic        
,legends4    ,homer1 ,iliad4 ,prose     
translation by ,lang1 ,leaf1 and ,myers2
       poetic by ,bryant4    ,homer1    
,odyssey4 ,prose translation by ,george 
,h4 ,palmer2 poetic       by ,bryant4   
,hull1 ,eleanor1 ,the ,boys' ,cuchulain3
 ,heroic ,legends of ,ireland4    ,lamb1
 ,charles1 ,the ,adventures of ,ulysses4
    ,lane1 ,e4 ,w41 ,arabian ,nights'   
,entertainments4    ,lang1 ,andrew1 ,a  
,book of ,romance4    ,lanier1 ,sidney1 
,the ,boy's ,king ,arthur4 ,the ,boy's  
,mabinogion4    ,mac,leod1 ,mary1 ,king 

,arthur and ,his ,noble ,knights4       
,marshall1 ,h4 ,e41 ,the ,story of      
,william ,tell4 ,the ,story of          
,roland4    ,marvin1 ,frank ,s4 7and    
others71 ,adventures of ,odysseus4      
,morris1 ,william1 ,sigurd1 the         
,volsung4    ,newbolt1 ,henry1 ,stories 
from ,froissart4    ,pyle1 ,howard1     
,stories of ,king ,arthur and ,his      
,knights4 ,some       ,merry ,adventures
 of ,robin ,hood4    ,plummer1 ,mary    
,w41 ,stories from the ,chronicle of the
 ,cid4    ,ragozin1 ,z4 ,a41 ,frithjof  
and ,roland4 ,siegfried and ,beowulf4   
,rolleston1 ,t4 ,w41 ,high ,deeds of    
,finn4    ,scudder1 ,horace ,e41 ,the   
,book of ,legends4    ,tappan1 ,eva     
,march1 ,robin ,hood3 ,his ,book4       
,tennyson1 ,alfred1 ,the ,idylls of the 
,king4    ,warren1 ,maude ,radford1     
,king ,arthur and ,his ,knights4 ,robin 
,hood       and ,his ,merry ,men4       
,wilson1 ,c4 ,d41 ,story of the ,cid for
 ,young ,people4     ,,section ,x4      
,,romance ,,cycles ,,and ,,legend       

,,introductory   ,the material included4
 ,the heading adopted for this section  
is used somewhat loosely to include     
those many and varied collections of    
stories which have with the passage of  
time been gradually brought together    
into so-called cycles1 unified around   
some central figure1 or by means of some
 kind of framework4 ,it would thus bring
 into its scope the series of stories   
which make up the ,greek ,odyssey1 the  
,anglo-,saxon ,beowulf1 the ,finnish    
,kalevala1 and other national epics4 ,it
 would include the stories centering    
around ,king ,arthur1 ,siegfried1       
,roland1 the ,cid1 ,alexander1          
,charlemagne1 ,robin ,hood1 and ,reynard
 the ,fox4 ,besides all these cycles and
 others like them1 there is a great body
 of separate legends of persons and     
places1 exemplified by ,the ,proud      
,king1 that seem almost to constitute a 
work by themselves4 ,the extended body  
of eastern stories known as ,the        
,arabian ,nights are also placed here1  

as is ,cervantes' ,don ,quixote4 ,the   
last inclusion may seem to violate even 
the wide range of the heading1 as ,don  
,quixote is distinctly one of the       
world's great modern masterpieces1 and  
is by a known author4 ,but that book is 
after all a cycle of adventures with a  
central figure not unlike the romance   
cycles1 and1 since it is popularly      
supposed to have had its origin in the  
purpose of humorously satirizing the    
romances of chivalry1 it may be allowed 
to stand in connection with them4  ,the 
place for such stories4 ,the developing 
child soon passes out of the period     
where the old fairy stories and their   
modern analogues satisfy his needs4 ,he 
comes into a period of hero-worship     
where he demands not only courage and   
prowess of magnificent proportions1 but 
also a sinking of self in as equally    
magnificent and disinterested service of
 great causes4 ,to the child's mind     
there is nothing fantastical about the  
chivalric ideas of courtesy1 and        

friendship1 and all high personal       
ideals4 ,it is the natural food of his  
mind4 ,he will allow nothing mean or    
unclean4 ,it seems1 roughly speaking1   
that the time of greatest appeal for    
such stories is about the fourth1 fifth1
 and sixth grades4 ,by the end of that  
period he is already well along toward  
an interest in the real men and women of
 history1 toward a more realistic and   
practical conception of the problems of 
human life4  ,the problems of choice and
 adaptation4 ,the wealth of material    
available is so great as to be          
bewildering4 ,as yet there is no common 
agreement as to just which stories are  
best for our purpose1 nor is there any  
as to where particular stories should be
 used4 ,the adapters and story-tellers  
differ much in their views on these     
questions4 ,young teachers1 it is clear1
 cannot be expected to know this vast   
field in any detail4 ,the saving fact is
 that teachers can hardly make a mistake
 by using any story that has awakened   

their own interest and enthusiasm1 and  
which1 for that reason1 they will be    
able to present in a simple and striking
 form4 ,having in mind1 then1 the       
beginning teacher1 we make the following
 specific suggestions3          #a4     
,beowulf4 ,the inexperienced teacher    
will         find a splendid version1   
,the ,story of         ,beowulf1        
ready-made in ,wyche's ,some ,great     
,stories and ,how to ,tell ,them4 ,to   
work from the         complete epic1 use
 any of the translations by             
,child1 ,tinker1 ,gummere1 or ,hall4    
,perhaps it is         not too much to  
assert 4 4 4 that in its lofty          
spirit1 its vigor1 and its sincerity1 4 
4 4 it         reflects traits which are
 distinctive of                         
,english-speaking people throughout the 
world4          #b4 ,king ,arthur4 ,the 
final source must be ,sir               
,thomas ,malory's ,le ,morte ,d',arthur1
         represented in the following   
pages by ,nos4 #dja1         #djb1 and  

#djc4 ,some passages from ,malory should
         be read to the class4 ,for     
suggestions as to         method in     
handling the stories1 see ,wyche as     
above1 where there is a fine brief      
version4 ,in         ,king ,arthur and  
,his ,knights1 by ,mrs4 ,warren         
7,maude ,radford71 may be found a good  
working         version of the whole    
cycle4 4 4 4 ,in delicacy of            
feeling1 in reverence for women1 in     
courtesy to         friend and foe1 the 
,arthurian story         foreshadowed   
much that is gentlest and best in       
modern civilization4          #c4 ,robin
 ,hood4 ,go at once to one of the       
simple prose versions of the story4     
,satisfactory ones are those by ,miss   
,tappan1 by         ,mrs4 ,warren1 or by
 ,howard ,pyle 7the shorter             
version74 ,as time and opportunity offer
 read         the simple old ballads    
which are the source of         the     
story of merry ,sherwood4 ,if ever verse
         lashed abuse with a smile1 it  

is this4 ,the sun         shines        
brightly overhead2 it is a good world to
         be alive in1 its wrongs are    
being righted1 and         its very     
misfortunes are ultimately to bring     
happier times4          #d4 ,a few      
stories about ,roland1 ,siegfried1 the  
,cid1 ,charlemagne1 and others may be   
used by         teachers who have had   
opportunity to get         acquainted   
with those great figures1 or who        
have access to some of the authorities  
listed         in the bibliography4     
,this material is more         difficult
 to handle satisfactorily than that     
already discussed1 and may well be      
sparingly         used1 if not omitted  
altogether4 ,for a general              
collection of legends1 the ideal as to  
choice         and method of            
presentation is ,scudder's ,the         
,book of ,legends 7,no4 #dab74 ,from    
,the ,arabian         ,nights use ,ali  
,baba and the ,forty ,thieves           
7,no4 #cih71 ,aladdin and the ,wonderful

 ,lamp1         and ,the ,stories of    
,sindbad the ,sailor4 ,almost           
any of the accessible versions will be  
satisfactory4 ,for ,reynard the ,fox1   
the one         adaptation that presents
 the story in a fairly         good form
 for children is that made by ,sir      
,henry ,cole1 available as edited by    
,joseph         ,jacobs 7,nos4 #cii and 
#djj74 ,perhaps as much of         ,don 
,quixote is given in this text 7,nos4   
#dje-daa7 as teachers can use4 ,a full  
translation is a satisfactory source for
 this         story1 although the       
shortened forms by ,havell         or   
,parry are admirable4   ,,suggestions   
,,for ,,reading          ,most of the   
books on story-telling have             
discussions of the best ways of dealing 
with         the romance material4      
,especially valuable in         this    
connection are ,wyche1 ,great ,stories  
and         ,how to ,tell ,them1 and    
,lyman1 ,story ,telling4         ,for   
scholarly and yet not too difficult     

books         giving a perspective of   
the entire field see ,w4         ,w4    
,lawrence1 ,medieval ,story and the     
,beginnings         of the ,social      
,ideals of ,english-speaking            
,people1 or ,w4 ,p4 ,ker1 ,epic and     
,romance4         ,consult              
,mac,clintock1 ,hero-,tales and         
,romances1         ,literature in the   
,elementary ,school1 chap4         viii4
    #cih          ,the ,arabian ,nights'
 ,entertainment or         ,thousand and
 ,one ,nights is a collection of        
about four hundred old oriental stories1
         chiefly from ,persia1 ,india1  
and ,arabia4 ,they         were brought 
together probably in the                
thirteenth century and told orally as   
stories         told to entertain ,king 
,shahriyar2 but scholars         think  
the collection was not written until    
some         time between the years     
#acej and #aeej4 ,some of         the   
stories probably were told as early as  
the         ninth century4 ,the stories 

are of various         kinds--fables1   
anecdotes1 legends1 hero                
stories1 wonder stories1 and romances4  
,the         ,story of ,alnaschar 7,no4 
#bce in this book7 is         one of the
 fables4 ,the collection became known   
to ,european readers in #agjd1 when it  
was         translated from the ,arabic 
by a ,french scholar         named      
,galland4 ,since that time the fables   
have         been translated            
extensively4 ,the translation           
into ,english by ,lane is the most      
valuable one         for a teacher who  
wishes to have all of the         book  
that is fit for public use4 ,like many  
of         the world's great            
compilations of this sort1 it         is
 made up of a mixture of good and bad4  
,the         oriental play of           
imagination in these stories         and
 the background of old ,eastern scenery 
and         customs have made them a    
source of         entertainment and     
instruction for all civilized           

nations4 ,the story that follows has    
always been         one of the favorites
 among oriental wonder         stories1 
and is given in a familiar traditional  
version4   ,,ali ,,baba1 ,,and ,,the    
,,forty ,,thieves  ,in a town in ,persia
 there lived two brothers1 the sons of a
 poor man2 the one was named ,cassim1   
and the other ,ali ,baba4 ,cassim1 the  
elder1 married a wife with a            
considerable fortune1 and lived at his  
ease in a handsome house1 with plenty of
 servants2 but the wife of ,ali ,baba   
was as poor as himself2 they dwelt in a 
mean cottage in the suburbs of the city1
 and he maintained his family by cutting
 wood in a neighboring forest4  ,one day
 when ,ali ,baba was in the forest and  
preparing to load his three asses with  
the wood he had cut1 he saw a troop of  
horsemen coming towards him4 ,he had    
often heard of robbers who infested that
 forest1 and1 in a great fright1 he     
hastily climbed a large thick tree1     
which stood near the foot of a rock1 and

 hid himself among the branches4  ,the  
horsemen soon galloped up to the rock1  
where they all dismounted4 ,ali ,baba   
counted forty of them1 and he could not 
doubt but they were thieves1 by their   
ill-looking countenances4 ,they each    
took a loaded portmanteau from his      
horse2 and he who seemed to be their    
captain1 turning to the rock1 said1     
,open ,sesame1 and immediately a door   
opened in the rock1 and all the robbers 
passed in1 when the door shut itself4   
,in a short time the door opened again1 
and the forty robbers came out1 followed
 by their captain1 who said1 ,shut      
,sesame4 ,the door instantly closed2 and
 the troop1 mounting their horses1 were 
presently out of sight4  ,ali ,baba     
remained in the tree a long time1 and   
seeing that the robbers did not return1 
he ventured down1 and1 approaching close
 to the rock1 said1 ,open ,sesame4      
,immediately the door flew open1 and    
,ali ,baba beheld a spacious cavern1    
very light1 and filled with all sorts of

 possessions1--merchandise1 rich stuffs1
 and heaps of gold and silver coin1     
which these robbers had taken from      
merchants and travelers4  ,ali ,baba    
then went in search of his asses1 and   
having brought them to the rock1 took as
 many bags of gold coin as they could   
carry1 and put them on their backs1     
covering them with some loose fagots of 
wood4 ,afterwards 7not forgetting to say
 ,shut ,sesame7 he drove the asses back 
to the city2 and having unloaded them in
 the stable belonging to his cottage1   
carried the bags into the house and     
spread the gold coin out upon the floor 
before his wife4  ,his wife1 delighted  
with so much money1 wanted to count it2 
but finding it would take up too much   
time1 she was resolved to measure it1   
and running to the house of ,ali ,baba's
 brother1 she entreated them to lend her
 a small measure4 ,cassim's wife was    
very proud and envious4 ,i wonder1 she  
said to herself1 what sort of grain such
 poor people can have to measure2 but ,i

 am determined ,i will find out what    
they are doing4 ,so before she gave the 
measure1 she artfully rubbed the bottom 
with some suet4  ,away ran ,ali ,baba's 
wife1 measured her money1 and helped her
 husband to bury it in the yard4 ,then  
she carried back the measure to her     
brother-in-law's house1 without         
perceiving that a piece of gold was left
 sticking to the bottom of it4 ,fine    
doings1 indeed6 cried ,cassim's wife to 
her husband1 after examining the        
measure4 ,your brother there1 who       
pretends to be so poor1 is richer than  
you are1 for he does not count his      
money1 but measures it4  ,cassim1       
hearing these words and seeing the piece
 of gold1 grew as envious as his wife2  
and hastening to his brother1 threatened
 to inform the ,cadi of his wealth if he
 did not confess to him how he came by  
it4 ,ali ,baba without hesitation told  
him the history of the robbers and the  
secret of the cave1 and offered him half
 his treasure2 but the envious ,cassim  

disdained so poor a sum1 resolving to   
have fifty times more than that out of  
the robbers' cave4 ,accordingly he rose 
early the next morning and set out with 
ten mules loaded with great chests4 ,he 
found the rock easily enough by ,ali    
,baba's description2 and having said    
,open ,sesame1 he gained admission into 
the cave1 where he found more treasure  
than he had expected to behold even from
 his brother's account of it4  ,he      
immediately began to gather bags of gold
 and pieces of rich brocade1 all which  
he piled close to the door2 but when he 
had got together as much as his ten     
mules could possibly carry1 or even     
more1 and wanted to get out to load     
them1 the thoughts of his wonderful     
riches had made him entirely forget the 
word which caused the door to open4 ,in 
vain he tried ,bame1 ,fame1 ,lame1      
,tetame1 and a thousand others4 ,the    
door remained as immovable as the rock  
itself1 notwithstanding ,cassim kicked  
and screamed till he was ready to drop  

with fatigue and vexation4  ,presently  
he heard the sound of horses' feet1     
which he rightly concluded to be the    
robbers1 and he trembled lest he should 
now fall a victim to his thirst for     
riches4 ,he resolved1 however1 to make  
an effort to escape2 and when he heard  
the ,sesame pronounced1 and saw the door
 open1 he sprang out1 but was instantly 
put to death by the swords of the       
robbers4  ,the thieves now held a       
council1 but not one of them could      
possibly guess by what means ,cassim had
 got into the cave4 ,they saw the heaps 
of treasure he had piled ready to take  
away1 but they did not miss what ,ali   
,baba had secured before4 ,at length    
they agreed to cut ,cassim's body into  
four quarters and hang the pieces within
 the cave1 that it might terrify any one
 from further attempts2 and also        
determined not to return themselves for 
some time to the cave for fear of being 
watched and discovered4  ,when ,cassim's
 wife saw night come on1 and her husband

 not returned1 she became greatly       
terrified2 she watched at her window    
till daybreak and then went to tell ,ali
 ,baba of her fears4 ,cassim had not    
informed him of his design of going to  
the cave2 but ,ali ,baba1 now hearing of
 his journey thither1 went immediately  
in search of him4 ,he drove his asses to
 the forest without delay4 ,he was      
alarmed to see blood near the rock2 and 
on entering the cave1 he found the body 
of his unfortunate brother cut to pieces
 and hung up within the door4 ,it was   
now too late to save him2 but he took   
down the quarters and put them upon one 
of his asses1 covering them with fagots 
of wood2 and1 weeping for the miserable 
end of his brother1 he regained the     
city4 ,the door of his brother's house  
was opened by ,morgiana1 an intelligent1
 faithful female slave1 who1 ,ali ,baba 
knew1 was worthy to be trusted with the 
secret4  ,he therefore delivered the    
body to ,morgiana1 and went himself to  
impart the sad tidings to the wife of   

,cassim4 ,the poor woman was deeply     
afflicted1 and reproached herself with  
her foolish envy and curiosity1 as being
 the cause of her husband's death2 but  
,ali ,baba having convinced her of the  
necessity of being very discreet1 she   
checked her lamentations and resolved to
 leave everything to the management of  
,morgiana4  ,morgiana1 having washed the
 body1 hastened to an apothecary's and  
asked for some particular medicine1     
saying that it was for her master       
,cassim1 who was dangerously ill4 ,she  
took care to spread the report of       
,cassim's illness throughout the        
neighborhood2 and as they saw ,ali ,baba
 and his wife going daily to the house  
of their brother1 in great affliction1  
they were not surprised to hear shortly 
that ,cassim had died of his disorder4  
,the next difficulty was to bury him    
without discovery2 but ,morgiana was    
ready to contrive a plan for that also4 
,she put on her veil and went to a      
distant part of the city very early in  

the morning1 where she found a poor     
cobbler just opening his stall4 ,she put
 a piece of gold into his hand1 and told
 him he should have another1 if he would
 suffer himself to be blindfolded and go
 with her1 carrying his tools with him4 
,mustapha1 the cobbler1 hesitated at    
first1 but the gold tempted him and he  
consented2 when ,morgiana1 carefully    
covering his eyes1 so that he could not 
see a step of the way1 led him to       
,cassim's house2 and taking him into the
 room where the body was lying1 removed 
the bandage from his eyes1 and bade him 
sew the mangled limbs together4         
,mustapha obeyed her order2 and having  
received two pieces of gold1 was led    
blindfold the same way back to his own  
stall4  ,morgiana then covered the body 
with a winding-sheet and sent for the   
undertaker to make preparations for the 
funeral4 ,cassim was buried with all due
 solemnity the same day4 ,ali ,baba now 
removed his few goods1 and all the gold 
coin that he had brought home from the  

cavern1 to the house of his deceased    
brother1 of which he took possession2   
and ,cassim's widow received every kind 
attention from both ,ali ,baba and his  
wife4  ,after an interval of some       
months1 the troop of robbers again      
visited their retreat in the forest1 and
 were completely astonished to find the 
body taken away from the cave1 and      
everything else remaining in its usual  
order4 ,we are discovered1 said the     
captain1 and shall certainly be undone1 
if you do not adopt speedy measures to  
prevent our ruin4 ,which of you1 my     
brave comrades1 will undertake to search
 out the villain who is in possession of
 our secret8  ,one of the boldest of the
 troop advanced1 and offered himself2   
and was accepted on the following       
conditions3 namely1 that if he succeeded
 in his enterprise1 he was to be made   
second in command of the troop2 but that
 if he brought false intelligence1 he   
was immediately to be put to death4 ,the
 bold robber readily agreed to the      

conditions2 and having disguised        
himself1 he proceeded to the city4  ,he 
arrived there about daybreak1 and found 
the cobbler ,mustapha in his stall1     
which was always open before any other  
shop in the town4 ,good morrow1 friend1 
said the robber1 as he passed the stall1
 you rise betimes2 ,i should think old  
as you are1 you could scarcely see to   
work by this light4  ,indeed1 sir1      
replied the cobbler1 old as ,i am1 ,i do
 not want for good eyesight2 as you must
 needs believe1 when ,i tell you ,i     
sewed a dead body together the other    
day1 where ,i had not so good a light as
 ,i have now4  ,a dead body6 exclaimed  
the robber2 you mean1 ,i suppose1 that  
you sewed up the winding-sheet for a    
dead body4  ,i mean no such thing1      
replied ,mustapha2 ,i tell you that ,i  
sewed the four quarters of a man        
together4  ,this was enough to convince 
the robber he had luckily met with the  
very man who could give him the         
information he was in search of4        

,however he did not wish to appear eager
 to learn the particulars1 lest he      
should alarm the cobbler4 ,ha6 ha6 said 
he1 ,i find1 good ,mr4 ,cobbler1 that   
you perceive ,i am a stranger here1 and 
you wish to make me believe that the    
people of your city do impossible       
things4  ,i tell you1 said ,mustapha in 
a loud and angry tone1 ,i sewed a dead  
body together with my own hands4--,then 
,i suppose you can tell me also where   
you performed this wonderful business4  
,upon this1 ,mustapha related every     
particular of his being led blindfold to
 the house1 etc4  ,well1 my friend1 said
 the robber1 it is a fine story1 ,i     
confess1 but not very easy to believe2  
however1 if you will convince me by     
showing me the house you talk of1 ,i    
will give you four pieces of gold to    
make amends for my unbelief4  ,i think1 
said the cobbler1 after considering     
awhile1 that if you were to blindfold   
me1 ,i should remember every turning we 
made2 but with my eyes open ,i am sure  

,i should never find it4 ,accordingly   
the robber covered ,mustapha's eyes with
 his handkerchief2 and the cobbler led  
him through most of the principal       
streets1 and stopping by ,cassim's door1
 said1 ,here it is2 ,i went no further  
than this house4  ,the robber           
immediately marked the door with a piece
 of chalk2 and1 giving ,mustapha his    
four pieces of gold1 dismissed him4     
,shortly after the thief and ,mustapha  
had quitted the door1 ,morgiana1 coming 
home from market1 perceived the little  
mark of white chalk on the door4        
,suspecting something was wrong1 she    
directly marked four doors on one side  
and five on the other of her master's1  
in exactly the same manner1 without     
saying a word to any one4  ,the robber  
meantime rejoined his troop and boasted 
greatly of his success4 ,his captain and
 comrades praised his diligence2 and    
being well armed1 they proceeded to the 
town in different disguises1 and in     
separate parties of three and four      

together4  ,it was agreed among them    
that they were to meet in the           
market-place at the dusk of evening1 and
 that the captain and the robber who had
 discovered the house were to go there  
first1 to find out to whom it belonged4 
,when they arrived in the street1 having
 a lantern with them1 they began to     
examine the doors1 and found to their   
confusion and astonishment that ten     
doors were marked exactly alike4 ,the   
robber1 who was the captain's guide1    
could not say a word in explanation of  
this mystery2 and when the disappointed 
troop got back to the forest1 his       
enraged companions ordered him to be put
 to death4  ,another now offered himself
 upon the same conditions as the former2
 and having bribed ,mustapha1 and       
discovered the house1 he made a mark    
with the dark red chalk upon the door1  
in a part that was not in the least     
conspicuous2 and carefully examined the 
surrounding doors1 to be certain that no
 such marks were upon them4 ,but nothing

 could escape the prying eyes of        
,morgiana2 scarcely had the robber      
departed1 when she discovered the red   
mark2 and getting some red chalk1 she   
marked seven doors on each side1        
precisely in the same place and in the  
same manner4 ,the robber1 valuing       
himself highly upon the precautions he  
had taken1 triumphantly conducted his   
captain to the spot2 but great indeed   
was his confusion and dismay when he    
found it impossible to say which1 among 
fifteen houses marked exactly alike1 was
 the right one4 ,the captain1 furious   
with his disappointment1 returned again 
with the troop to the forest2 and the   
second robber was also condemned to     
death4  ,the captain having lost two of 
his troop1 judged that their hands were 
more active than their heads in such    
services2 and he resolved to employ no  
other of them1 but to go himself upon   
the business4 ,accordingly he repaired  
to the city and addressed himself to the
 cobbler ,mustapha1 who1 for six pieces 

of gold1 readily performed the services 
for him he had done for the other two   
strangers4 ,the captain1 much wiser than
 his men1 did not amuse himself with    
setting a mark upon the door1 but       
attentively considered the house1       
counted the number of windows1 and      
passed by it very often1 to be certain  
that he should know it again4  ,he then 
returned to the forest1 and ordered his 
troop to go into the town1 and buy      
nineteen mules and thirty-eight large   
jars1 one full of oil and the rest      
empty4 ,in two or three days the jars   
were bought1 and all things in          
readiness2 and the captain having put a 
man into each jar1 properly armed1 the  
jars being rubbed on the outside with   
oil1 and the covers having holes bored  
in them for the men to breathe through1 
loaded his mules1 and in the habit of an
 oil-merchant entered the town in the   
dusk of the evening4 ,he proceeded to   
the street where ,ali ,baba dwelt1 and  
found him sitting in the porch of his   

house4 ,sir1 said he to ,ali ,baba1 ,i  
have brought this oil a great way to    
sell1 and am too late for this day's    
market4 ,as ,i am quite a stranger in   
this town1 will you do me the favor to  
let me put my mules into your           
court-yard1 and direct me where ,i may  
lodge to-night8  ,ali ,baba1 who was a  
very good-natured man1 welcomed the     
pretended oil-merchant very kindly1 and 
offered him a bed in his own house2 and 
having ordered the mules to be unloaded 
in the yard1 and properly fed1 he       
invited his guest in to supper4 ,the    
captain1 having seen the jars placed    
ready in the yard1 followed ,ali ,baba  
into the house1 and after supper was    
shown to the chamber where he was to    
sleep4  ,it happened that ,morgiana was 
obliged to sit up later that night than 
usual1 to get ready her master's bathing
 linen for the following morning2 and   
while she was busy about the fire1 her  
lamp went out1 and there was no more oil
 in the house4 ,after considering what  

she could possibly do for a light1 she  
recollected the thirty-eight oil jars in
 the yard and determined to take a      
little oil out of one of them for her   
lamp4 ,she took her oil pot in her hand 
and approached the first jar2 the robber
 within said1 ,is it time1 captain8     
,any other slave1 on hearing a man in an
 oil jar1 would have screamed out2 but  
the prudent ,morgiana instantly         
recollected herself1 and replied softly1
 ,no1 not yet2 lie still till ,i call   
you4 ,she passed on to every jar1       
receiving the same question and making  
the same answer1 till she came to the   
last1 which was really filled with oil4 
,morgiana was now convinced that this   
was a plot of the robbers to murder her 
master1 ,ali ,baba2 so she ran back to  
the kitchen and brought out a large     
kettle1 which she filled with oil1 and  
set it on a great wood fire2 and as soon
 as it boiled she went and poured into  
the jars sufficient of the boiling oil  
to kill every man within them4 ,having  

done this she put out her fire and her  
lamp1 and crept softly to her chamber4  
,the captain of the robbers1 finding    
everything quiet in the house1 and      
perceiving no light anywhere1 arose and 
went down into the yard to assemble his 
men4 ,coming to the first jar1 he felt  
the steam of the boiled oil2 he ran     
hastily to the rest and found every one 
of his troop put to death in the same   
manner4 ,full of rage and despair at    
having failed in his design1 he forced  
the lock of a door that led into the    
garden and made his escape over the     
walls4  ,on the following morning       
,morgiana related to her master1 ,ali   
,baba1 his wonderful deliverance from   
the pretended oil-merchant and his gang 
of robbers4 ,ali ,baba at first could   
scarcely credit her tale2 but when he   
saw the robbers dead in the jars1 he    
could not sufficiently praise her       
courage and sagacity2 and without       
letting any one else into the secret1 he
 and ,morgiana the next night buried the

 thirty-seven thieves in a deep trench  
at the bottom of the garden4 ,the jars  
and mules1 as he had no use for them1   
were sent from time to time to the      
different markets and sold4  ,while ,ali
 ,baba took these measures to prevent   
his and ,cassim's adventures in the     
forest from being known1 the captain    
returned to his cave1 and for some time 
abandoned himself to grief and despair4 
,at length1 however1 he determined to   
adopt a new scheme for the destruction  
of ,ali ,baba4 ,he removed by degrees   
all the valuable merchandise from the   
cave to the city and took a shop exactly
 opposite to ,ali ,baba's house4 ,he    
furnished this shop with everything that
 was rare and costly1 and went by the   
name of the merchant ,cogia ,hassan4    
,many persons made acquaintance with the
 stranger2 among others1 ,ali ,baba's   
son went every day to the shop4 ,the    
pretended ,cogia ,hassan soon appeared  
to be very fond of ,ali ,baba's son1    
offered him many presents1 and often    

detained him at dinner1 on which        
occasions he treated him in the         
handsomest manner4  ,ali ,baba's son    
thought it was necessary to make some   
return to these civilities1 and pressed 
his father to invite ,cogia ,hassan to  
supper4 ,ali ,baba made no objection1   
and the invitation was accordingly      
given4 ,the artful ,cogia ,hassan would 
not too hastily accept this invitation1 
but pretended he was not fond of going  
into company1 and that he had business  
which demanded his presence at home4    
,these excuses only made ,ali ,baba's   
son the more eager to take him to his   
father's house2 and after repeated      
solicitations1 the merchant consented to
 sup at ,ali ,baba's house the next     
evening4  ,a most excellent supper was  
provided1 which ,morgiana cooked in the 
best manner1 and as was her usual       
custom1 she carried in the first dish   
herself4 ,the moment she looked at      
,cogia ,hassan1 she knew it was the     
pretended oil-merchant4 ,the prudent    

,morgiana did not say a word to any one 
of this discovery1 but sent the other   
slaves into the kitchen and waited at   
table herself2 and while ,cogia ,hassan 
was drinking1 she perceived he had a    
dagger hid under his coat4  ,when supper
 was ended1 and the dessert and wine on 
the table1 ,morgiana went away and      
dressed herself in the habit of a       
dancing-girl2 she next called ,abdalla1 
a fellow slave1 to play on his tabor    
while she danced4 ,as soon as she       
appeared at the parlor door1 her master1
 who was very fond of seeing her dance1 
ordered her to come in to entertain his 
guest with some of her best dancing4    
,cogia ,hassan was not very well        
satisfied with this entertainment1 yet  
was compelled1 for fear of discovering  
himself1 to seem pleased with the       
dancing1 while1 in fact1 he wished      
,morgiana a great way off1 and was quite
 alarmed lest he should lose his        
opportunity of murdering ,ali ,baba and 
his son4  ,morgiana danced several      

dances with the utmost grace and        
agility2 and then drawing a poniard from
 her girdle1 she performed many         
surprising things with it1 sometimes    
presenting the point to one and         
sometimes to another1 and then seemed to
 strike it into her own bosom4 ,suddenly
 she paused1 and holding the poniard in 
the right hand1 presented her left to   
her master as if begging some money2    
upon which ,ali ,baba and his son each  
gave her a small piece of money4 ,she   
then turned to the pretended ,cogia     
,hassan1 and while he was putting his   
hand into his purse1 she plunged the    
poniard into his heart4  ,wretch6 cried 
,ali ,baba1 thou hast ruined me and my  
family4  ,no1 sir1 replied ,morgiana1 ,i
 have preserved1 and not ruined you and 
your son4 ,look well at this traitor1   
and you will find him to be the         
pretended oil-merchant who came once    
before to rob and murder you4  ,ali     
,baba pulled off the turban and the     
cloak which the false ,cogia ,hassan    

wore and discovered that he was not only
 the pretended oil-merchant1 but the    
captain of the forty robbers who had    
slain his brother ,cassim2 nor could he 
doubt that his perfidious aim had been  
to destroy him1 and probably his son1   
with the concealed dagger4 ,ali ,baba1  
who felt the new obligation he owed to  
,morgiana for thus saving his life a    
second time1 embraced her and said1 ,my 
dear ,morgiana1 ,i give you your        
liberty2 but my gratitude must not stop 
there3 ,i will also marry you to my son1
 who can esteem and admire you no less  
than does his father4 ,then turning to  
his son1 he added1 ,you1 my son1 will   
not refuse the wife ,i offer2 for1 in   
marrying ,morgiana1 you take to wife the
 preserver and benefactor of yourself   
and family4 ,the son1 far from showing  
any dislike1 readily and joyfully       
accepted his proposed bride1 having long
 entertained an affection for the good  
slave ,morgiana4  ,having rejoiced in   
their deliverance1 they buried the      

captain that night with great privacy1  
in the trench along with his troop of   
robbers2 and a few days afterwards1 ,ali
 ,baba celebrated the marriage of his   
son and ,morgiana with a sumptuous      
entertainment4 ,every one who knew      
,morgiana said she was worthy of her    
good fortune1 and highly commended her  
master's generosity toward her4  ,during
 a twelvemonth ,ali ,baba forbore to go 
near the forest1 but at length his      
curiosity incited him to make another   
journey4  ,when he came to the cave he  
saw no footsteps of either men or       
horses2 and having said1 ,open ,sesame1 
he went in1 and judged by the state of  
things deposited in the cavern that no  
one had been there since the pretended  
,cogia ,hassan had removed the          
merchandise to his shop in the city4    
,ali ,baba took as much gold home as his
 horse could carry4  ,afterwards he     
carried his son to the cave and taught  
him the secret4 ,this secret they handed
 down to their posterity2 and using     

their good fortune with moderation1 they
 lived in honor and splendor1 and served
 with dignity some of the chief offices 
in the city4          ,a quaint and     
interesting cycle of animal             
stories was formed in the ,middle ,ages 
with the         fox1 called ,reynard1  
as the hero or central                  
character4 ,their origin was not        
different from         that of the      
cycles that grew up concerning such     
popular heroes as ,king ,arthur1 ,robin 
,hood1         ,charlemagne1 and        
,siegfried2 but one difference          
at least may be observed--,reynard is   
always         represented as evil1     
though clever and         successful4   
,these stories of ,reynard have         
furnished material for many workers in  
the         field of literature and they
 have generally         served as a     
vehicle for satire4 ,indeed1 there      
was much satire in the original versions
 of the         folk4 ,perhaps the      
greatest of these modern                

recensions is that of the ,german poet  
,goethe4         ,the best version for  
use with children is that         made  
by ,sir ,henry ,cole 7,felix ,summerley7
 and         edited more recently by    
,joseph ,jacobs in his         usual    
masterly fashion4 ,the introduction to  
this edition gives just the facts that  
the         reader needs for            
understanding the significance          
of the ,reynard cycle4    #cii          
,it may be noted that ,king ,lion1 after
 hearing         many complaints about  
,reynard's evil ways1         decides to
 bring him to court for trial4 ,the     
first special constable sent to summon  
,reynard         was ,bruin the ,bear1  
and now we are to learn--   ,,how       
,,bruin ,,the ,,bear ,,sped ,,with      
,,reynard ,,the ,,fox  ,the next morning
 away went ,bruin the bear in quest of  
the fox1 armed against all plots of     
deceit whatsoever4 ,and as he came      
through a dark forest1 in which ,reynard
 had a bypath1 which he used when he was

 hunted1 he saw a high mountain1 over   
which he must pass to go to ,malepardus4
 ,for though ,reynard has many houses1  
yet ,malepardus is his chiefest and most
 ancient castle1 and in it he lay both  
for defense and ease4 ,now at last when 
,bruin was come to ,malepardus1 he found
 the gates close shut1 at which after he
 had knocked1 sitting on his tail1 he   
called aloud1 ,sir ,reynard1 are you at 
home8 ,i am ,bruin your kinsman1 whom   
the ,king hath sent to summon you to the
 court1 to answer many foul accusations 
exhibited against you1 and hath taken a 
great vow1 that if you fail to appear to
 this summons1 your life shall answer   
your contempt1 and your goods and honors
 shall lie confiscate at his highness's 
mercy4 ,therefore1 fair kinsman1 be     
advised of your friend1 and go with me  
to the court to shun the danger that    
else will fall upon you4  ,reynard1     
lying close by the gate1 as his custom  
was for the warm sun's sake1 hearing    
those words1 departed into one of his   

holes1 for ,malepardus is full of many  
intricate and curious rooms1 which      
labyrinth-wise he could pass through1   
when either his danger or the benefit of
 any prey required the same4 ,there he  
meditated awhile with himself how he    
might counterplot and bring the bear to 
disgrace 7who he knew loved him not7 and
 himself to honor2 at last he came      
forth1 and said1 ,dear uncle ,bruin1 you
 are exceeding welcome4 ,pardon my      
slowness in coming1 for at your first   
speech ,i was saying my even song1 and  
devotion must not be neglected4 ,believe
 me1 he hath done you no good service1  
nor do ,i thank him which hath sent you 
this weary and long journey1 in which   
your much sweat and toil far exceeds the
 worth of the labor4 ,certainly had you 
not come1 ,i had to-morrow been at the  
court of my own accord1 yet at this time
 my sorrow is much lessened1 inasmuch as
 your counsel at this present may return
 me double benefit4 ,alas1 cousin1 could
 his ,majesty find no meaner a messenger

 than your noble self to employ in these
 trivial affairs8 ,truly it appears     
strange to me1 especially since1 next   
his royal self1 you are of greatest     
renown both in blood and riches4 ,for my
 part1 ,i would we were both at court1  
for ,i fear our journey will be         
exceeding troublesome4 ,to speak truth1 
since ,i made mine abstinence from      
flesh1 ,i have eaten such strange new   
meats1 that my body is very much        
distempered1 and swelleth as if it would
 break4  ,alas1 dear cousin1 said the   
bear1 what meat is that which maketh you
 so ill8  ,uncle1 answered he1 what will
 it profit you to know8 ,the meat was   
simple and mean4 ,we poor men are no    
lords1 you know1 but eat that for       
necessity which others eat for          
wantonness2 yet not to delay you1 that  
which ,i ate was honeycombs1 great1     
full1 and most pleasant1 which1         
compelled by hunger1 ,i ate too         
unmeasurably and am thereby infinitely  
distempered4  ,ha1 quoth ,bruin1        

honeycombs8 ,do you make such slight    
respect of them1 nephew8 ,why it is meat
 for the greatest emperor in the world4 
,fair nephew1 help me but to some of    
that honey1 and command me whilst ,i    
live2 for one little part thereof ,i    
will be your servant everlastingly4     
,sure1 said the fox1 uncle1 you but jest
 with me4  ,but jest with you8 replied  
,bruin1 beshrew my heart then1 for ,i am
 in that serious earnest1 that for one  
lick thereat you shall make me the      
faithfullest of all your kindred4  ,nay1
 said the fox1 if you be in earnest1    
then know ,i will bring you where so    
much is1 that ten of you shall not be   
able to devour it at a meal1 only for   
your love's sake1 which above all things
 ,i desire1 uncle4  ,not ten of us8 said
 the bear1 it is impossible2 for had ,i 
all the honey betwixt ,hybla and        
,portugal1 yet ,i could in a short space
 eat it all myself4  ,then know1 uncle1 
quoth the fox1 that near at hand here   
dwelleth a husbandman named ,lanfert1   

who is master of so much honey that you 
cannot consume it in seven years1 which 
for your love and friendship's sake ,i  
will put into your safe possession4     
,bruin1 mad upon the honey1 swore1 that 
to have one good meal thereof he would  
not only be his faithful friend1 but    
also stop the mouths of all his         
adversaries4  ,reynard1 smiling at his  
easy belief1 said1 ,if you will have    
seven ton1 uncle1 you shall have it4    
,these words pleased the bear so well1  
and made him so pleasant1 that he could 
not stand for laughing4  ,well1 thought 
the fox1 this is good fortune4 ,sure ,i 
will lead him where he shall laugh more 
measurably2 and then said1 ,uncle1 we   
must delay no time1 and ,i will spare no
 pains for your sake1 which for none of 
my kin ,i would perform4  ,the bear gave
 him many thanks1 and so away they went1
 the fox promising him as much honey as 
he could bear1 but meant as many strokes
 as he could undergo4 ,in the end they  
came to ,lanfert's house1 the sight     

whereof made the bear rejoice4 ,this    
,lanfert was a stout and lusty          
carpenter1 who the other day had brought
 into his yard a great oak1 which1 as   
their manner is1 he began to cleave1 and
 had struck into it two wedges in such  
wise that the cleft stood a great way   
open1 at which the fox rejoiced much1   
for it was answerable to his wish4 ,so  
with a laughing countenance he said to  
the bear1 ,behold now1 dear uncle1 and  
be careful of yourself1 for within this 
tree is so much honey that it is        
unmeasurable4 ,try if you can get into  
it2 yet1 good uncle1 eat moderately1 for
 albeit the combs are sweet and good1   
yet a surfeit is dangerous1 and may be  
troublesome to your body1 which ,i would
 not for a world1 since no harm can come
 to you but must be my dishonor4        
,sorrow not for me1 nephew ,reynard1    
said the bear1 nor think me such a fool 
that ,i cannot temper mine appetite4    
,it is true1 my best uncle1 ,i was too  
bold4 ,i pray you enter in at the end1  

and you shall find your desire4  ,the   
bear with all haste entered the tree1   
with his two feet forward1 and thrust   
his head into the cleft1 quite over the 
ears1 which when the fox perceived1 he  
instantly ran and pulled the wedges out 
of the tree1 so that he locked the bear 
fast therein1 and then neither flattery 
nor anger availed the bear4 ,for the    
nephew had by his deceit brought the    
uncle into so false a prison that it was
 impossible by any art to free himself  
of the same4 ,alas1 what profited now   
his great strength and valor8 ,why1 they
 were both causes of more vexation2 and 
finding himself destitute of all relief1
 he began to howl and bray1 and with    
scratching and tumbling to make such a  
noise that ,lanfert1 amazed1 came       
hastily out of his house1 having in his 
hand a sharp hook1 whilst the bear lay  
wallowing and roaring within the tree4  
,the fox from afar off said to the bear 
in scorn and mocking1 ,is the honey     
good1 uncle1 which you eat8 ,how do you8

 ,eat not too much1 ,i beseech you4     
,pleasant things are apt to surfeit1 and
 you may hinder your journey to the     
court4 ,when ,lanfert cometh 7if your   
belly be full7 he will give you drink to
 digest it1 and wash it down your       
throat4  ,and having thus said1 he went 
towards his castle4 ,but by this time1  
,lanfert1 finding the bear fast taken in
 the tree1 he ran to his neighbors and  
desired them to come into his yard1 for 
there was a bear fast taken there4 ,this
 was noised through all the town1 so    
that there was neither man1 nor woman1  
nor child but ran thither1 some with one
 weapon1 and some with another--as      
goads1 rakes1 broom-staves1 or what they
 could gather up4 ,the priest had the   
handle of the cross1 the clerk the holy 
water sprinkler1 and the priest's wife1 
,dame ,jullock1 with her distaff1 for   
she was then spinning2 nay1 the old     
beldames came that had ne'er a tooth in 
their heads4 ,this army put ,bruin into 
a great fear1 being none but himself to 

withstand them1 and hearing the clamor  
of the noise which came thundering upon 
him1 he wrestled and pulled so extremely
 that he got out his head1 but he left  
behind him all the skin1 and his ears   
also2 insomuch that never creature      
beheld a fouler or more deformed beast4 
,for the blood covering all his face1   
and his hands leaving the claws and skin
 behind them1 nothing remained but      
ugliness4 ,it was an ill market the bear
 came to1 for he lost both motion and   
sight--that is1 feet and eyes4 ,but     
notwithstanding this torment1 ,lanfert1 
the priest1 and the whole parish came   
upon him1 and so becudgeled him about   
his body part1 that it might well be a  
warning to all his misery1 to know that 
ever the weakest shall still go most to 
the wall4 ,this the bear found by       
experience1 for every one exercised the 
height of their fury upon him4 ,even    
,houghlin with the crooked leg1 and     
,ludolf with the long broad nose1 the   
one with a leaden mall1 and the other   

with an iron whip1 all belashed poor sir
 ,bruin2 not so much but sir ,bertolf   
with the long fingers1 ,lanfert and     
,ortam did him more annoyance than all  
the rest1 the one having a sharp ,welsh 
hook1 the other a crooked staff well    
leaded at the end1 which he used to play
 at stab ball withal4 ,there was ,birkin
 and ,armes ,ablequack1 ,bane the priest
 with his staff1 and ,dame ,jullock his 
wife2 all these so belabored the bear1  
that his life was in great danger4 ,the 
poor bear in this massacre sat and      
sighed extremely1 groaning under the    
burden of their strokes1 of which       
,lanfert's were the greatest and        
thundered most dreadfully2 for ,dame    
,podge of ,casport was his mother1 and  
his father was ,marob the steeple-maker1
 a passing stout man when he was alone4 
,bruin received of him many showers of  
stones till ,lanfert's brother1 rushing 
before the rest with a staff1 struck the
 bear in the head such a blow that he   
could neither hear nor see1 so that     

awaking from his astonishment the bear  
leaped into the river adjoining1 through
 a cluster of wives there standing      
together1 of which he threw divers into 
the water1 which was large and deep1    
amongst whom the parson's wife was one2 
which the parson seeing how she floated 
like a sea-mew1 he left striking the    
bear1 and cried to the rest of the      
company1 ,help6 oh1 help6 ,dame ,jullock
 is in the water2 help1 both men and    
women1 for whosoever saves her1 ,i give 
free pardon of all their sins and       
transgressions1 and remit all penance   
imposed whatsoever4 ,this heard1 every  
one left the bear to help ,dame         
,jullock1 which as soon as the bear saw1
 he cut the stream and swam away as fast
 as he could1 but the priest with a     
great noise pursued him1 crying in his  
rage1 ,turn1 villain1 that ,i may be    
revenged of thee2 but the bear swam in  
the strength of the stream and suspected
 not his calling1 for he was proud that 
he was so escaped from them4 ,only he   

bitterly cursed the honey tree and the  
fox1 which had not only betrayed him1   
but had made him lose his hood from his 
face1 and his gloves from his fingers4  
,in this sort he swam some three miles  
down the water1 in which time he grew so
 weary that he went on land to get ease1
 where blood trickled down his face2 he 
groaned1 sighed1 and drew his breath so 
short1 as if his last hour had been     
expiring4  ,now whilst these things were
 in doing1 the fox in his way home stole
 a fat hen1 and threw her into his mail1
 and running through a bypath that no   
man might perceive him1 he came towards 
the river with infinite joy2 for he     
suspected that the bear was certainly   
slain3 therefore he said to himself1 ,my
 fortune is as ,i wished it1 for the    
greatest enemy ,i had in the court is   
now dead1 nor can any man suspect me    
guilty thereof4 ,but as he spake these  
words1 looking towards the river1 he    
espied where ,bruin the bear lay and    
rested1 which struck his heart with     

grief1 and he railed against ,lanfert   
the carpenter1 saying1 ,silly fool that 
thou art1 what madman would have lost   
such good venison1 especially being so  
fat and wholesome1 and for which he took
 no pains1 for he was taken to his hand2
 any man would have been proud of the   
fortune which thou neglectest4 ,thus    
fretting and chiding1 he came to the    
river1 where he found the bear all      
wounded and bloody1 of which ,reynard   
was only guilty2 yet in scorn he said to
 the bear1 ,monsieur1 ,dieu vous garde4 
,o thou foul red villain1 said the bear 
to himself1 what impudence is like to   
this8  ,but the fox went on with his    
speech1 and said1 ,what1 uncle8 ,have   
you forgot anything at ,lanfert's1 or   
have you paid him for the honeycombs you
 stole8 ,if you have not1 it will       
redound much to your disgrace1 which    
before you shall undergo1 ,i will pay   
him for them myself4 ,sure the honey was
 excellent good1 and ,i know much more  
of the same price4 ,good uncle1 tell me 

before ,i go1 into what order do you    
mean to enter1 that you wear this       
new-fashioned hood8 ,will you be a monk1
 an abbot1 or a friar8 ,surely he that  
shaved your crown hath cropped your     
ears2 also your foretop is lost1 and    
your gloves are gone2 fie1 sloven1 go   
not bare-handed2 they say you can sing  
peccavi rarely4  ,these taunts made     
,bruin mad with rage1 but because he    
could not take revenge1 he was content  
to let him talk his pleasure4 ,then     
after a small rest he plunged again into
 the river1 and swam down the stream1   
and landed on the other side1 where he  
began with much grief to meditate how he
 might get to the court1 for he had lost
 his ears1 his talons1 and all the skin 
off his feet1 so that had a thousand    
deaths followed him1 he could not go4   
,yet of necessity he must move1 that in 
the end compelled by extremity1 he set  
his tail on the ground1 and tumbled his 
body over and over2 so by degrees1      
tumbling now half a mile1 and then half 

a mile1 in the end he tumbled to the    
court1 where divers beholding his       
strange manner of approach1 they thought
 some prodigy had come towards them2 but
 in the end the ,king knew him1 and grew
 angry1 saying1 ,it is sir ,bruin1 my   
servant2 what villains have wounded him 
thus1 or where hath he been that he     
brings his death thus along with him8   
,o my dread ,sovereign ,lord the ,king1 
cried out the bear1 ,i complain me      
grievously unto you2 behold how ,i am   
massacred1 which ,i humbly beseech you  
revenge on that false ,reynard1 who1 for
 doing your royal pleasure1 hath brought
 me to this disgrace and slaughter4     
,then said the ,king1 ,how durst he do  
this8 ,now by my crown ,i swear ,i will 
take the revenge which shall make the   
traitors tremble6  ,whereupon the ,king 
sent for all his council1 and consulted 
how and in what sort to persecute       
against the fox1 where it was generally 
concluded that he should be again       
summoned to appear and answer his       

trespasses2 and the party to summon him 
they appointed to be ,tibert the cat1 as
 well for his gravity as wisdom2 all    
which pleased the ,king well4    #djj   
,after many ups and downs in fortune    
,reynard is         finally on good     
terms with the king when                
,isegrim the ,wolf appears with another 
accusation4 ,reynard's denial of the    
charges led         the ,wolf to        
challenge him to mortal combat1 a       
well known medieval way of settling the 
truth         of conflicting evidence4  
,the result appears in         the      
following3   ,,the ,,battle ,,between   
,,the ,,fox ,,and ,,the ,,wolf  ,the fox
 answered not a word1 but bowing himself
 down humbly to the earth1 both before  
the ,king and the ,queen's ,majesties1  
went forth into the field2 and at the   
same time the wolf was also ready1 and  
stood boasting1 and giving out many     
proud and vainglorious speeches4 ,the   
marshals and rulers of the lists were   
the leopard and the loss4 ,these brought

 forth a book1 on which the wolf swore  
and maintained his assertion that the   
fox was a traitor and a murderer1 which 
he would prove on his body1 or else be  
counted a recreant4 ,then ,reynard took 
the book1 and swore he lied as a false  
traitor and a thief1 which he would     
prove on his body1 or be accounted a    
recreant4  ,when these ceremonies were  
done1 the marshals of the field bade    
them do their devoir4 ,and then every   
creature avoided the lists1 save ,dame  
,rukenaw1 who stood by the fox1 and bade
 him remember the words and instructions
 she had given him1 and call to mind    
how1 when he was scarce seven years old1
 he had then wisdom enough to pass the  
darkest night without lantern or        
candle-light1 or the help of the moon1  
when any occasion required him2 and that
 his experience was much greater1 and   
his reputation of wisdom more frequent  
with his companions2 and therefore to   
work so as he might win the day1 which  
would be an eternal monument to him and 

his family for ever4  ,to this the fox  
answered1 ,my best aunt1 assure yourself
 ,i will do my best1 and not forget a   
tittle of your counsel4 ,i doubt not but
 my friends shall reap honor and my foes
 shame by my actions4 ,to this the ape  
said amen1 and so departed4  ,when none 
but the combatants were in the lists1   
the wolf went toward the fox with       
infinite rage and fury1 and thinking to 
take the fox in his forefeet1 the fox   
leaped nimbly from him and the wolf     
pursued him1 so that there began a      
tedious chase between them1 on which    
their friends gazed4 ,the wolf taking   
larger strides than the fox often       
overtook him1 and lifting up his feet to
 strike him1 the fox avoided the blow   
and smote him on the face with his tail1
 so that the wolf was stricken almost   
blind1 and he was forced to rest while  
he cleared his eyes2 which advantage    
when ,reynard saw1 he scratched up the  
dust with his feet1 and threw it in the 
eyes of the wolf4  ,this grieved him    

worse than the former1 so that he durst 
follow him no longer1 for the dust and  
sand sticking in his eyes smarted so    
sore1 that of force he must rub and wash
 it away1 which ,reynard seeing1 with   
all the fury he had he ran upon him1 and
 with his teeth gave him three sore     
wounds on his head1 and scoffing said1  
,have ,i hit you1 ,mr4 ,wolf8 ,i will   
yet hit you better2 you have killed many
 a lamb and many an innocent beast1 and 
would impose the fault upon me1 but you 
shall find the price of your knavery4 ,i
 am marked to punish thy sins1 and ,i   
will give thee thy absolution bravely4  
,it is good for thee that thou use      
patience1 for thy evil life is at my    
mercy4 ,yet1 notwithstanding1 if thou   
wilt kneel down and ask my forgiveness1 
and confess thyself vanquished1 though  
thou be the worst thing living1 yet ,i  
will spare thy life1 for my pity makes  
me loath to kill thee4  ,these words    
made ,isegrim both mad and desperate1 so
 that he knew not how to express his    

fury2 his wounds bled1 his eyes smarted1
 and his whole body was oppressed4 ,so  
that in the height of his fury he lifted
 up his foot and struck the fox so great
 a blow that he felled him to the       
ground4 ,but ,reynard1 being nimble1    
quickly rose up again and encountered   
the wolf1 that between them began a     
dreadful and doubtful combat4  ,the wolf
 was exceeding furious1 and ten times he
 leaped to catch ,reynard fast1 but his 
skin was so slippery and oily he could  
not hold him4 ,nay1 so wondrous nimble  
was he in the fight1 that when the wolf 
thought to have him surest1 he would    
shift himself between his legs and under
 his belly1 and every time gave the wolf
 a bite with his teeth1 or a slap on the
 face with his tail1 that the poor wolf 
found nothing but despair in the        
conflict1 albeit his strength was much  
the greater4  ,thus many wounds and     
bitings passing on either side1 the one 
expressing cunning1 and the other       
strength2 the one fury1 the other       

temperance4 ,in the end the wolf being  
enraged that the battle had continued so
 long1 for had his feet been sound it   
had been much shorter1 he said to       
himself1 ,i will make an end of this    
combat1 for ,i know my very weight is   
able to crush him to pieces2 and ,i lose
 much of my reputation1 to suffer him   
thus long to contend against me4  ,and  
this said1 he struck the fox again so   
sore a blow on the head with his foot1  
that he fell down to the ground1 and ere
 he could recover himself and arise1 he 
caught him in his feet and threw him    
under him1 lying upon him in such wise1 
as if he would have pressed him to      
death4  ,now began the fox to be        
grievously afraid1 and all his friends  
also1 and all ,isegrim's friends began  
to shout for joy2 but the fox defended  
himself as well as he could with his    
claws1 lying along1 and the wolf could  
not hurt him with his claws1 his feet   
were so sore2 only with his teeth he    
snatched at him to bite him1 which1 when

 the fox saw1 he smote the wolf on the  
head with his fore-claws1 so that he    
tore the skin between his brows and his 
ears1 and one of his eyes hung out of   
his head1 which put the wolf to infinite
 torment1 and he howled out extremely4  
,then ,isegrim wiping his face1 the fox 
took advantage thereof1 and with his    
struggling got upon his feet4  ,at which
 the wolf was angry1 and striking after 
him1 caught the fox in his arms1 and    
held him fast2 never was ,reynard in so 
great a strait as then1 for at that time
 great was their contention2 but anger  
now made the wolf forget his smart1 and 
gripping the fox altogether under him1  
as ,reynard was defending himself his   
hand lighted into ,isegrim's mouth1 so  
that he was in danger of losing it4     
,then said the wolf to the fox1 ,now    
either yield thyself as vanquished1 or  
else certainly ,i will kill thee2       
neither thy dust1 thy mocks1 nor any    
subtle invention shall now save thee2   
thou art now left utterly desperate1 and

 my wounds must have their satisfaction4
  ,when the fox heard this he thought it
 was a hard election1 for both brought  
his ruin2 and suddenly concluding1 he   
said1 ,dear uncle1 since fortune        
commands me1 ,i yield to be your        
servant1 and at your commandments will  
travel for you to the ,holy ,land1 or   
any other pilgrimage1 or do any service 
which shall be beneficial to your soul  
or the souls of your forefathers4 ,i    
will do for the ,king or for our holy   
father the ,pope1 ,i will hold of you my
 lands and revenues1 and as ,i1 so shall
 all the rest of my kindred2 so that you
 shall be a lord of many lords1 and none
 shall dare to move against you4        
,besides1 whatsoever ,i get of pullets1 
geese1 partridges1 or clover1 flesh or  
fish1 you1 your wife1 and children shall
 have the first choice1 ere any are     
eaten by me4 ,i will ever stand by your 
side1 and wheresoever you go1 no danger 
shall come near you2 you are strong1 and
 ,i am subtle2 we two joined together1  

what force can prevail against us8      
,again1 we are so near in blood that    
nature forbids there should be any      
enmity between us2 ,i would not have    
fought against you had ,i been sure of  
victory1 but that you first appealed me1
 and then you know of necessity ,i must 
do my uttermost4 ,i have also in this   
battle been courteous to you1 and not   
shown my worst violence1 as ,i would on 
a stranger1 for ,i know it is the duty  
of a nephew to spare his uncle2 and this
 you might well perceive by my running  
from you4 ,i tell you1 it was an action 
much contrary to my nature1 for ,i might
 often have hurt you when ,i refused1   
nor are you worse for me by anything    
more than the blemish of your eye1 for  
which ,i am sorry1 and wished it had not
 happened2 yet thereby know that you    
shall reap rather benefit than loss     
thereby1 for when other beasts in their 
sleep shut two windows1 you shall shut  
but one4  ,as for my wife1 children1 and
 lineage1 they shall fall down at your  

feet before you in any presence2        
therefore1 ,i humbly desire you1 that   
you will suffer poor ,reynard to live4  
,i know you will kill me1 but what will 
that avail you1 when you shall never    
live in safety for fear of revengement  
of my kindred8 ,therefore1 temperance in
 any man's wrath is excellent1 whereas  
rashness is ever the mother of          
repentance4 ,but1 uncle1 ,i know you to 
be valiant1 wise1 and discreet1 and you 
rather seek honor1 peace1 and good fame 
than blood and revenge4  ,isegrim the   
wolf said1 ,infinite dissembler1 how    
fain wouldst thou be freed of my        
servitude8 ,too well ,i understand thee1
 and know that if thou wert safe on thy 
feet thou wouldst forswear this         
submission2 but know all the wealth in  
the world shall not buy out thy ransom1 
for thee and thy friends ,i esteem them 
not1 nor believe anything thou hast     
uttered4 ,too well ,i know thee1 and am 
no bird for thy lime bush2 chaff cannot 
deceive me4 ,oh1 how wouldst thou       

triumph if ,i should believe thee1 and  
say ,i wanted wit to understand thee2   
but thou shalt know ,i can look both on 
this side and beyond thee4 ,thy many    
deceits used upon me have now armed me  
against thee4 ,thou sayest thou hast    
spared me in the battle2 but look upon  
me1 and my wounds will show how falsely 
thou liest2 thou never gavest me a time 
to breathe in1 nor will ,i now give thee
 a minute to repent in4  ,now whilst    
,isegrim was thus talking1 the fox      
bethought himself how he might best get 
free1 and thrusting his other hand down 
he caught the wolf fast by the neck1 and
 he wrung him so extremely hard thereby1
 that he made him shriek and howl out   
with the anguish2 then the fox drew his 
other hand out of his mouth1 for the    
wolf was in such wondrous torment that  
he had much ado to contain himself from 
swooning2 for this torment exceeded     
above the pain of his eye1 and in the   
end he fell over and over in a swoon2   
then presently ,reynard leaped upon him1

 and drew him about the lists and       
dragged him by the legs1 and struck1    
wounded1 and bit him in many places1 so 
that all the whole field might take     
notice thereof4  ,at this1 all          
,isegrim's friends were full of sorrow1 
and with great weeping and lamentation  
went to the ,king and prayed him to be  
pleased to appease the combat and take  
it into his own hands2 which suit the   
,king granted1 and then the leopard and 
the loss1 being marshals1 entered the   
lists and told the fox and the wolf that
 the ,king would speak with them1 and   
that the battle should there end1 for he
 would take it into his own hands and   
determine thereof2 as for themselves    
they had done sufficiently1 neither     
would the ,king lose either of them4    
,and to the fox they said the whole     
field gave him the victory4             
,the greatest and most inspiring cycle  
of         medieval romances is that    
concerned with the         adventures of
 ,king ,arthur and his ,knights of      

the ,round ,table4 ,developing largely  
as separate         stories1 these      
romances were brought together          
into an organic collection by ,sir      
,thomas ,malory         in the third    
quarter of the fifteenth century4       
,this work1 called ,le ,morte           
,d',arthur1 has         remained the    
standard ,arthuriad and is the          
source of most modern versions4 ,it is  
one of         the great monuments of   
,english prose1 and1         while at   
first the strangeness of its style may  
repel1 the wonderful dignity of the     
story and         the sonorous quality  
of the language make a         strong   
appeal to children as well as to older  
readers4 ,teachers should at least be   
acquainted         with a portion of    
,malory1 and the three                  
selections following are taken from his 
text4         ,no4 #djd is added as a   
suggestion as to how this               
material may be worked up to tell to    
children4    #dja          ,according to

 a tradition in ,le ,morte              
,d',arthur1 ,uther ,pendragon1 the      
father of         ,arthur1 was a        
powerful king in ,england4 ,to          
fulfill a promise made to ,merlin1      
,uther         ,pendragon allowed       
,merlin to take ,arthur on the          
day of his birth1 that the child might  
not be         known as the son of the  
king4 ,merlin took the         child to 
,sir ,ector1 and the wife of ,sir ,ector
         reared ,arthur as one of her   
own children4 ,the         following    
story is an account of how ,arthur      
learned of his parentage4   ,,how       
,,arthur ,,became ,,king  ,,sir ,,thomas
 ,,malory  ,after the death of ,uther   
,pendragon1 stood the realm in great    
jeopardy long while1 for every lord that
 was mighty of men made him strong1 and 
many weened to have been king4 ,then    
,merlin went to the ,archbishop of      
,canterbury and counselled him to send  
for all the lords of the realm and all  
the gentlemen of arms1 that they should 

to ,london come by ,christmas4  ,so the 
,archbishop1 by the advice of ,merlin1  
sent for all the lords and gentlemen of 
arms that they should come by ,christmas
 even unto ,london4 ,so in the greatest 
church of ,london1 whether it were      
,paul's or not the ,french book maketh  
no mention1 all the estates were long or
 day in the church for to pray4 ,and    
when matins and the first mass were     
done1 there was seen in the churchyard1 
against the high altar1 a great stone   
four square1 like unto a marble stone1  
and in midst thereof was like an anvil  
of steel a foot on high1 and therein    
stuck a fair sword1 and letters there   
were written in gold about the sword    
that said thus3          ,whoso pulleth 
out this sword of this stone and        
anvil1 is rightwise king born of all    
,england4  ,then the people marveled and
 told it to the ,archbishop4 ,i command1
 said the ,archbishop1 that you keep you
 within your church1 and pray unto ,god 
still2 that no man touch the sword till 

the high mass be all done4  ,so when all
 masses were done1 all the lords went to
 behold the stone and the sword4 ,and   
when they saw the scripture1 some       
assayed2 such as would have been king4  
,but none might stir the sword nor move 
it4 ,he is not here1 said the           
,archbishop1 that shall achieve the     
sword1 but doubt not ,god will make him 
known4 ,but this is my counsel1 said the
 ,archbishop1 that we provide ten       
knights1 men of good fame1 and they to  
keep this sword4  ,so it was ordained1  
and there was made a cry1 that every man
 should essay that would1 for to win the
 sword4 ,and upon ,new ,year's ,day the 
barons let make a jousts and a          
tournament1 that all knights that would 
joust or tourney there might play1 and  
all this was ordained for to keep the   
lords and the commons together1 for the 
,archbishop trusted that ,god would make
 him known that should win the sword4   
,so upon ,new ,year's ,day1 when the    
service was done1 the barons rode unto  

the field1 some to joust and some to    
tourney1 and so it happened that ,sir   
,ector rode unto the jousts1 and with   
him rode ,sir ,kay his son1 and young   
,arthur that was his nourished brother2 
and ,sir ,kay had been made knight at   
,all ,hallowmass afore4  ,so as they    
rode to the joustsward1 ,sir ,kay had   
lost his sword1 for he had left it at   
his father's lodging1 and so he prayed  
young ,arthur for to ride for his sword4
 ,i will well1 said ,arthur1 and rode   
fast after the sword1 and when he came  
home1 the lady and all were out to see  
the jousting4 ,then was ,arthur wroth1  
and said to himself1 ,i will ride to the
 churchyard and take the sword with me  
that sticketh in the stone1 for my      
brother ,sir ,kay shall not be without a
 sword this day4 ,so when he came to the
 churchyard1 ,sir ,arthur alit and tied 
his horse to the stile1 and so he went  
to the tent and found no knights there1 
for they were at jousting2 and so he    
handled the sword by the handles1 and   

lightly and fiercely pulled it out of   
the stone1 and took his horse and rode  
his way until he came to his brother    
,sir ,kay1 and delivered him the sword4 
,as soon as ,sir ,kay saw the sword1 he 
wist well it was the sword of the stone1
 and so he rode to his father1 ,sir     
,ector1 and said1 ,sir1 lo here is the  
sword of the stone1 wherefore ,i must be
 king of this land4  ,when ,sir ,ector  
beheld the sword1 he returned again and 
came to the church1 and there they alit1
 all three1 and went into the church4   
,and anon he made ,sir ,kay to swear    
upon a book how he came to that sword4  
,sir1 said ,sir ,kay1 by my brother     
,arthur1 for he brought it to me4  ,how 
gat ye this sword8 said ,sir ,ector to  
,arthur4  ,sir1 ,i will tell you4 ,when 
,i came home for my brother's sword1 ,i 
found nobody at home to deliver me his  
sword1 and so ,i thought my brother ,sir
 ,kay should not be swordless1 and so ,i
 came hither eagerly and pulled it out  
of the stone without any pain4  ,found  

ye any knights about this sword8 said   
,sir ,ector4  ,nay1 said ,arthur4  ,now1
 said ,sir ,ector to ,arthur1 ,i        
understand ye must be king of this land4
  ,wherefore ,i1 said ,arthur1 and for  
what cause8  ,sir1 said ,ector1 for ,god
 will have it so1 for there should never
 man have drawn out this sword1 but he  
that shall be rightways king of this    
land4 ,now let me see whether ye can put
 the sword there as it was and pull it  
out again4  ,that is no mastery1 said   
,arthur1 and so he put it in the stone2 
therewithal ,sir ,ector essayed to pull 
out the sword and failed4  ,now essay1  
said ,sir ,ector unto ,sir ,kay4 ,and   
anon he pulled at the sword with all his
 might1 but it would not be4  ,now shall
 ye essay1 said ,ector to ,arthur4  ,i  
will well1 said ,arthur1 and pulled it  
out easily4 ,and therewithal ,sir ,ector
 knelt down to the earth1 and ,sir ,kay4
 ,alas1 said ,arthur1 my own dear father
 and brother1 why kneel ye to me8  ,nay1
 nay1 my lord ,arthur1 it is not so4 ,i 

was never your father nor of your blood1
 but ,i wot well ye are of an higher    
blood than ,i weened ye were4 ,and then 
,sir ,ector told him all1 how he had    
taken him for to nourish him1 and by    
whose commandment1 and by ,merlin's     
deliverance4 ,then ,arthur made great   
doole when he understood that ,sir      
,ector was not his father4  ,sir1 said  
,ector unto ,arthur1 will ye be my good 
and gracious lord when ye are king8     
,else were ,i to blame1 said ,arthur1   
for ye are the man in the world that ,i 
am most beholden to1 and my good lady   
and mother your wife1 that as well as   
her own hath fostered me and kept4 ,and 
if ever it be ,god's will that ,i be    
king as ye say1 ,god forbid that ,i     
should fail you4  ,sir1 said ,sir       
,ector1 ,i will ask no more of you but  
that ye will make my son1 your foster   
brother1 ,sir ,kay1 seneschal of all    
your lands4  ,that shall be done1 said  
,arthur1 and more1 by the faith of my   
body1 that never man shall have that    

office but he1 while he and ,i live4    
,therewithal they went unto the         
,archbishop and told him how the sword  
was achieved1 and by whom2 and on the   
,twelfth-day all the barons came        
thither1 and to essay to take the sword1
 who that would essay4 ,but there afore 
them all1 there might none take it out  
but ,arthur2 wherefore there were many  
lords wroth1 and said it was great shame
 unto them all and the realm to be      
over-governed with a boy of no high     
blood born1 and so they fell out at that
 time that it was put off until         
,candlemas1 and then all the barons     
should meet there again2 but always the 
ten knights were ordained to watch the  
sword day and night1 and so they set a  
pavilion over the stone and the sword1  
and five always watched4 ,so at         
,candlemas many more great lords came   
thither for to have won the sword1 but  
there might none prevail4 ,and right as 
,arthur did at ,christmas1 he did at    
,candlemas1 and pulled out the sword    

easily1 whereof the barons were sore    
agrieved and put it off in delay till   
the high feast of ,easter1 yet there    
were some of the great lords had        
indignation that ,arthur should be king1
 and put it off in a delay till the     
feast of ,pentecost4 ,and at the feast  
of ,pentecost all manner of men essayed 
to pull at the sword that would essay1  
but none might prevail but ,arthur1 and 
he pulled it out afore all the lords and
 commons that were there1 wherefore all 
the commons cried at once1 ,we will have
 ,arthur unto our king4 ,we will put him
 no more in delay1 for we all see that  
it is ,god's will that he shall be our  
king1 and who that holdeth against it1  
we will slay him4 ,and therewith they   
all kneeled at once1 both rich and poor1
 and cried ,arthur mercy because they   
had delayed him so long1 and ,arthur    
forgave them1 and took the sword between
 both his hands1 and offered it upon the
 altar where the ,archbishop was1 and so
 was he made knight of the best man that

 was there4 ,and so anon was the        
coronation made4 ,and there was he sworn
 unto his lords and the commons for to  
be a true king and to stand with true   
justice from thenceforth the days of his
 life4    #djb          ,after ,arthur  
was made king1 he spent several         
years in war with his lawless barons    
before he         finally established a 
stable government in         ,england4  
,malory's accounts of these wars are    
interspersed with stories of miraculous 
incidents1 accounts of the adventures of
         knights1 and descriptions of   
feasts1         tournaments1 and jousts4
 ,the following is a         description
 of the jousting between the knights    
of ,king ,arthur and those of two       
,french kings1         ,ban and ,bors1  
who had come to aid ,arthur in his      
wars4   ,a ,,tourney ,,with ,,the       
,,french  ,,sir ,,thomas ,,malory  ,then
 the king let purvey for a great feast1 
and let cry a great jousts4 ,and by ,all
 ,hallowmass the two kings were come    

over the sea with three hundred knights 
well arrayed both for peace and for war4
 ,and ,king ,arthur met with them ten   
miles out of ,london1 and there was     
great joy as could be thought or made4  
,and on ,all ,hallowmass at the great   
feast1 sat in the hall the three kings1 
and ,sir ,kay seneschal served in the   
hall1 and ,sir ,lucas the butler1 and   
,sir ,griflet4 ,these three knights had 
the rule of all the service that served 
the kings4 ,and anon1 as they had washed
 and risen1 all knights that would joust
 made them ready4 ,by when they were    
ready on horseback there were seven     
hundred knights4 ,and ,arthur1 ,ban1 and
 ,bors1 with the ,archbishop of         
,canterbury1 and ,sir ,ector1 ,kay's    
father1 they were in a place covered    
with cloth of gold like an hall1 with   
ladies and gentlewomen1 for to behold   
who did the best1 and thereon to give   
judgment4  ,and ,king ,arthur and the   
two kings let depart the seven hundred  
knights into two parties4 ,and there    

were three hundred knights of the realm 
of ,benwick and of ,gaul turned on the  
other side4 ,then they dressed their    
shields1 and began to couch their spears
 many good knights4 ,so ,griflet was the
 first that met with a knight1 one      
,ladinas1 and they met so eagerly that  
all men had wonder2 and they so fought  
that their shields fell to pieces1 and  
horse and man fell to the earth2 and    
both ,french knight and ,english knight 
lay so long that all men weened they had
 been dead4 ,when ,lucas the butler saw 
,griflet so lie1 he horsed him again    
anon1 and they two did marvelous deeds  
of arms with many bachelors4 ,also ,sir 
,kay came out of an enbushment with five
 knights with him1 and they six smote   
other six down4 ,but ,sir ,kay did that 
day marvelous deeds of arms that there  
was none did so well as he that day4    
,then there come ,ladinas and ,gracian1 
two knights of ,france1 and did passing 
well1 that all men praised them4 ,then  
come there ,sir ,placidas1 a good       

knight1 and met with ,sir ,kay1 and     
smote him down horse and man1 wherefore 
,sir ,griflet was wroth1 and met with   
,sir ,placidas so hard that horse and   
man fell to the earth4 ,but when the    
five knights wist that ,sir ,kay had a  
fall1 they were wroth out of wit1 and   
therewith each of them five bare down a 
knight4 ,when ,king ,arthur and the two 
kings saw them begin to wax wroth on    
both parties1 they leaped on small      
hackneys and let cry that all men should
 depart unto their lodging4 ,and so they
 went home and unarmed them1 and so to  
evensong and supper4 ,and after1 the    
three kings went into a garden and gave 
the prize unto ,sir ,kay1 and to ,lucas 
the butler1 and unto ,sir ,griflet4     
#djc          ,one part of ,le ,morte   
,d',arthur will illustrate              
almost as well as another the nature of 
the         adventure stories that grew 
up in the ,middle         ,ages         
regarding the traditional heroes of     
chivalry4 ,the following selection is   

taken from         the first part of the
 book4   ,,adventures ,,of ,,arthur     
,,sir ,,thomas ,,malory  ,then on a day 
there came in the court a squire on     
horseback1 leading a knight before him  
wounded to the death4 ,he said1 ,there  
is a knight in the forest who hath      
reared up a pavilion by a well1 and hath
 slain my master1 a good knight whose   
name was ,miles2 wherefore ,i beseech   
you that my master may be buried1 and   
that some knight may revenge my master's
 death4  ,then the noise was great of   
that knight's death in the court1 and   
every man said his advice4 ,then came   
,griflet that was but a squire1 and he  
was but young1 of the age of ,king      
,arthur2 so he besought the king for all
 his service that he had done him to    
give him the order of knighthood4  ,thou
 art full young and tender of age1 said 
,arthur1 for to take so high an order on
 thee4  ,sir1 said ,griflet1 ,i beseech 
you make me knight4  ,sir1 said ,merlin1
 it were great pity to lose ,griflet1   

for he will be a passing good man when  
he is of age1 abiding with you the term 
of his life4 ,and if he adventure his   
body with yonder knight at the fountain1
 it is in great peril if ever he come   
again1 for he is one of the best knights
 in the world1 and the strongest man of 
arms4  ,well1 said ,arthur4 ,so at the  
desire of ,griflet the king made him    
knight4 ,now1 said ,arthur unto ,sir    
,griflet1 sith ,i have made you knight  
thou must give me a gift4  ,what ye     
will1 said ,griflet4  ,thou shalt       
promise me by the faith of thy body1    
when thou hast jousted with the knight  
at the fountain1 whether it fall ye to  
be on foot or on horseback1 that right  
so ye shall come again unto me without  
making any more debate4  ,i will promise
 you1 said ,griflet1 as you desire4     
,then took ,griflet his horse in great  
haste1 and dressed his shield and took a
 spear in his hand1 and so he rode at a 
great wallop till he came to the        
fountain1 and thereby he saw a rich     

pavilion1 and thereby under a cloth     
stood a fair horse well saddled and     
bridled1 and on a tree a shield of      
divers colors and a great spear4 ,then  
,griflet smote on the shield with the   
butt of his spear1 that the shield fell 
down to the ground4 ,with that the      
knight came out of the pavilion and     
said1 ,fair knight1 why smote ye down my
 shield8  ,for ,i will joust with you1  
said ,griflet4  ,it is better ye do not1
 said the knight1 for ye are but young1 
and late made knight1 and your might is 
nothing to mine4  ,as for that1 said    
,griflet1 ,i will joust with you4  ,that
 is me loath1 said the knight1 but sith 
,i must needs1 ,i will dress me thereto4
 ,of whence be ye8 said the knight4     
,sir1 ,i am of ,arthur's court4  ,so the
 two knights ran together that          
,griflet's spear all to-shivered2 and   
therewithal he smote ,griflet through   
the shield and the left side1 and brake 
the spear that the truncheon stuck in   
his body1 that horse and knight fell    

down4  ,when the knight saw him lie so  
on the ground1 he alit1 and was passing 
heavy1 for he weened he had slain him1  
and then he unlaced his helm and gat him
 wind1 and so with the truncheon he set 
him on his horse and gat him wind1 and  
so betook him to ,god1 and said he had a
 mighty heart1 and if he might live he  
would prove a passing good knight4 ,and 
so ,sir ,griflet rode to the court1     
where great dole was made for him4 ,but 
through good leeches he was healed and  
saved4  ,right so came into the court   
twelve knights1 who were aged men1 and  
they came from the ,emperor of ,rome1   
and they asked of ,arthur truage for    
this realm1 other-else the emperor would
 destroy him and his land4  ,well1 said 
,king ,arthur1 ye are messengers1       
therefore ye may say what ye will1      
other-else ye should die therefore4 ,but
 this is mine answer3 ,i owe the emperor
 no truage1 nor none will ,i hold him1  
but on a fair field ,i shall give him my
 truage that shall be with a sharp      

spear1 or else with a sharp sword1 and  
that shall not be long4  ,and therewith 
the messengers departed passingly wroth1
 and ,king ,arthur as wroth1 for in evil
 time came they then2 for the king was  
passingly wroth for the hurt of ,sir    
,griflet4 ,and so he commanded a privy  
man of his chamber that or it be day his
 best horse and armor with all that     
longeth unto his person1 be without the 
city or to-morrow day4 ,right so or     
to-morrow day he met with his man and   
his horse1 and so mounted up and dressed
 his shield and took his spear1 and bade
 his chamberlain tarry there till he    
came again4 ,and so ,arthur rode a soft 
pace till it was day1 and then was he   
ware of three churls chasing ,merlin1   
and would have slain him4 ,then the king
 rode unto them and bade them1 ,flee1   
churls6 ,then were they afeard when they
 saw a knight1 and fled4  ,o ,merlin1   
said ,arthur1 here hadst thou been slain
 for all thy crafts had ,i not been4    
,nay1 said ,merlin1 not so1 for ,i could

 save myself an ,i would2 and thou art  
more near thy death than ,i am1 for thou
 goest to the deathward1 an ,god be not 
thy friend4  ,so as they went thus      
talking they came to the fountain and   
the rich pavilion there by it4 ,then    
,king ,arthur was ware where sat a      
knight armed in a chair4 ,sir knight1   
said ,arthur1 for what cause abidest    
thou here1 that there may no knight ride
 this way but he joust with thee8 ,i    
rede thee leave that custom1 said       
,arthur4  ,this custom1 said the knight1
 have ,i used and will use maugre who   
saith nay1 and who is grieved with my   
custom let him amend it that will4  ,i  
will amend it1 said ,arthur4  ,i shall  
defend thee1 said the knight4  ,anon he 
took his horse and dressed his shield   
and took a spear1 and they met so hard  
either on other's shield1 that all      
to-shivered their spears4 ,therewith    
anon ,arthur pulled out his sword4 ,nay1
 not so1 said the knight2 it is fairer  
that we twain run more together with    

sharp spears4  ,i will well1 said       
,arthur1 an ,i had any more spears4  ,i 
have enow1 said the knight1 so there    
came a squire and brought two good      
spears1 and ,arthur chose one and he    
another2 so they spurred their horses   
and came together with all their mights1
 that either brake their spears to their
 hands4 ,then ,arthur set hand on his   
sword4 ,nay1 said the knight1 ye shall  
do better4 ,ye are a passing good       
jouster as ever ,i met withal1 and once 
more for the love of the high order of  
knighthood let us joust once again4  ,i 
assent me1 said ,arthur4  ,anon there   
were brought two great spears1 and every
 knight gat a spear1 and therewith they 
ran together that ,arthur's spear all   
to-shivered4 ,but the other knight hit  
him so hard in midst of the shield that 
horse and man fell to the earth1 and    
therewith ,arthur was eager1 and pulled 
out his sword and said1 ,i will assay   
thee1 sir knight1 on foot1 for ,i have  
lost the honor on horseback4  ,i will be

 on horseback1 said the knight4  ,then  
was ,arthur wroth1 and dressed his      
shield toward him with his sword drawn4 
,when the knight saw that1 he alit1 for 
him thought no worship to have a knight 
at such avail1 he to be on horseback and
 he on foot1 and so he alit and dressed 
his shield unto ,arthur4 ,and there     
began a strong battle with many great   
strokes1 and so hewed with their swords 
that the cantels flew in the fields1 and
 much blood they bled both1 that all the
 place there as they fought was overbled
 with blood1 and thus they fought long  
and rested them1 and then they went to  
battle again1 and so hurtled together   
like two rams that either fell to the   
earth4 ,so at the last they smote       
together that both their swords met even
 together4 ,but the sword of the knight 
smote ,king ,arthur's sword in two      
pieces1 wherefore he was heavy4 ,then   
said the knight unto ,arthur1 ,thou art 
in my daunger whether me list to save   
thee or slay thee1 and but thou yield   

thee as overcome and recreant1 thou     
shalt die4  ,as for death1 said ,king   
,arthur1 welcome be it when it cometh1  
but to yield me unto thee as recreant ,i
 had liefer die than be so shamed4  ,and
 therewithal the king leaped unto       
,pellinore1 and took him by the middle  
and threw him down1 and raised off his  
helm4 ,when the knight felt that1 he was
 adread1 for he was a passing big man of
 might1 and anon he brought ,arthur     
under him1 and raised off his helm and  
would have smitten off his head4        
,therewithal came ,merlin and said1     
,knight1 hold thy hand1 for an thou slay
 that knight thou puttest this realm in 
the greatest damage that ever was realm2
 for this knight is a man of more       
worship that thou wotest of4  ,why1 who 
is he8 said the knight4  ,it is ,king   
,arthur4  ,then would he have slain him 
for dread of his wrath1 and heaved up   
his sword1 and therewith ,merlin cast an
 enchantment to the knight1 that he fell
 to the earth in a great sleep4 ,then   

,merlin took up ,king ,arthur1 and rode 
forth on the knight's horse4  ,alas6    
said ,arthur1 what hast thou done1      
,merlin8 ,hast thou slain this good     
knight by thy crafts8 ,there liveth not 
so worshipful a knight as he was2 ,i had
 liefer than the stint of my land a year
 that he were alive4  ,care ye not1 said
 ,merlin1 for he is wholer than ye2 for 
he is but asleep1 and will awake within 
three hours4 ,i told you1 said ,merlin1 
what a knight he was2 here had ye been  
slain had ,i not been4 ,also there      
liveth not a bigger knight than he is   
one1 and he shall hereafter do you right
 good service2 and his name is          
,pellinore1 and he shall have two sons  
that shall be passing good men2 save one
 they shall have no fellow of prowess   
and of good living1 and their names     
shall be ,percivale of ,wales and       
,lamerake of ,wales4  ,right so the king
 and he departed and went unto an hermit
 that was a good man and a great leech4 
,so the hermit searched all his wounds  

and gave him good salves2 so the king   
was there three days1 and then were his 
wounds well amended that he might ride  
and go1 and so departed4  ,and as they  
rode1 ,arthur said1 ,i have no sword4   
,no force1 said ,merlin1 hereby is a    
sword that shall be yours1 an ,i may4   
,so they rode till they came to a lake1 
the which was a fair water and broad1   
and in the midst of the lake ,arthur was
 ware of an arm clothed in white samite1
 that held a fair sword in that hand4   
,lo6 said ,merlin1 yonder is that sword 
that ,i spake of4  ,with that they saw a
 damosel going upon the lake4 ,what     
damosel is that8 said ,arthur4  ,that is
 the ,lady of the ,lake1 said ,merlin2  
and within that lake is a rock1 and     
therein is as fair a place as any on    
earth1 and richly beseen2 and this      
damosel will come to you anon1 and then 
speak ye fair to her that she will give 
you that sword4  ,anon withal came the  
damosel unto ,arthur and saluted him1   
and he her again4 ,damosel1 said        

,arthur1 what sword is that1 that yonder
 the arm holdeth above the water8 ,i    
would it were mine1 for ,i have no      
sword4  ,sir ,arthur1 king1 said the    
damosel1 that sword is mine1 and if ye  
will give me a gift when ,i ask it you1 
ye shall have it4  ,by my faith1 said   
,arthur1 ,i will give you what gift ye  
will ask4  ,well6 said the damosel4 ,go 
ye into yonder barge1 and row yourself  
to the sword1 and take it and the       
scabbard with you1 and ,i will ask my   
gift when ,i see my time4  ,so ,sir     
,arthur and ,merlin alit and tied their 
horses to two trees1 and so they went   
into the ship1 and when they came to the
 sword that the hand held1 ,sir ,arthur 
took it up by the handles1 and took it  
with him1 and the arm and the hand went 
under the water4 ,and so they came unto 
the land and rode forth1 and then ,sir  
,arthur saw a rich pavilion4  ,what     
signifieth yonder pavilion8  ,it is the 
knight's pavilion1 said ,merlin1 that ye
 fought with last1 ,sir ,pellinore2 but 

he is out2 he is not there4 ,he hath ado
 with a knight of yours that hight      
,egglame1 and they have foughten        
together1 but at the last ,egglame fled1
 and else he had been dead1 and he hath 
chased him even to ,carlion1 and we     
shall meet with him anon in the highway4
  ,that is well said1 said ,arthur1 now 
have ,i a sword2 now will ,i wage battle
 with him1 and be avenged on him4  ,sir1
 you shall not so1 said ,merlin1 for the
 knight is weary of fighting and        
chasing1 so that ye shall have no       
worship to have ado with him2 also he   
will not be lightly matched of one      
knight living1 and therefore it is my   
counsel1 let him pass1 for he shall do  
you good service in short time1 and his 
sons after his days4 ,also ye shall see 
that day in short space1 you shall be   
right glad to give him your sister to   
wed4  ,when ,i see him1 ,i will do as ye
 advise me1 said ,arthur4 ,then ,sir    
,arthur looked on the sword1 and liked  
it passing well4  ,whether liketh you   

the better1 said ,merlin1 the sword or  
the scabbard8  ,me liketh better the    
sword1 said ,arthur4  ,ye are more      
unwise1 said ,merlin1 for the scabbard  
is worth ten of the swords1 for whiles  
ye have the scabbard upon you1 ye shall 
never lose no blood be ye never so sore 
wounded1 therefore keep well the        
scabbard always with you4  ,so they rode
 unto ,carlion1 and by the way they met 
with ,sir ,pellinore2 but ,merlin had   
done such a craft1 that ,pellinore saw  
not ,arthur1 and he passed by without   
any words4  ,i marvel1 said ,arthur1    
that the knight would not speak4  ,sir1 
said ,merlin1 he saw you not1 for an he 
had seen you1 ye had not lightly        
departed4  ,so they came unto ,carlion1 
whereof his knights were passing glad4  
,and when they heard of his adventures1 
they marveled that he would jeopard his 
person so1 alone4 ,but all men of       
worship said it was merry to be under   
such a chieftain1 that would put his    
person in adventure as other poor       

knights did4  ,this meanwhile came a    
messenger from ,king ,rience of ,north  
,wales1 and king he was of all ,ireland1
 and of many isles4 ,and this was his   
message1 greeting well ,king ,arthur in 
this manner wise1 saying that ,king     
,rience had discomfited and overcome    
eleven kings1 and every each of them did
 him homage1 and that was this1 they    
gave him their beards clean flayed off1 
as much as there was2 wherefore the     
messenger came for ,king ,arthur's      
beard4 ,for ,king ,rience had purfled a 
mantle with king's beards1 and there    
lacked one place of the mantle2         
wherefore he sent for his beard1 or else
 he would enter his lands1 and burn and 
slay1 and never leave till he have the  
head and the beard4  ,well1 said        
,arthur1 thou hast said thy message1 the
 which is the most villainous and       
lewdest message that ever man heard sent
 unto a king2 also thou mayest see my   
beard is full young yet to make a purfle
 of it4 ,but tell thou thy king this3 ,i

 owe him none homage1 nor none of mine  
elders1 but or it be long to1 he shall  
do me homage on both his knees1 or else 
he shall lose his head1 by the faith of 
my body1 for this is the most           
shamefulest message that ever ,i heard  
speak of4 ,i have espied thy king met   
never yet with worshipful man1 but tell 
him ,i will have his head without he do 
me homage4 ,then the messenger departed4
  ,now is there any here1 said ,arthur1 
that knoweth ,king ,rience8  ,then      
answered a knight that hight ,naram1    
,sir1 ,i know the king well4 ,he is a   
passing good man of his body1 as few be 
living1 and a passing proud man1 and    
,sir1 doubt ye not he will make war on  
you with a mighty puissance4  ,well1    
said ,arthur1 ,i shall ordain for him in
 short time4    #djd          ,the story
 of ,arthur and ,sir ,accalon is taken  
from ,maude ,radford ,warren's ,king    
,arthur and         ,his ,knights4 7,by 
permission of the publishers1           
,rand ,mc,nally  ,co41 ,chicago47 ,the  

stories in         ,malory are retold in
 a simple and direct style         that 
can be read easily by children in the   
fifth grade4 ,most teachers will        
probably find         themselves obliged
 to use some such book for         any  
of these great cycles which they desire 
to         teach1 owing to the amount of
 time and energy         required for   
working it up from the original         
source4   ,,arthur ,,and ,,sir ,,accalon
  ,,maude ,,radford ,,warren  ,there was
 a woman in ,arthur's ,court named      
,morgan le ,fay1 who had learned a great
 deal about magic4 ,she was a wicked    
woman1 and hated the king because he was
 more powerful than she1 and because he 
was so good4  ,however1 she pretended to
 be a true friend to him1 and the king  
believed in her4 ,one day when they were
 talking together1 she asked him if he  
would not let her take charge of his    
wonderful sword ,excalibur1 and its     
scabbard4 ,she said that she would guard
 them so carefully that they would never

 be stolen4 ,as she was very eager1     
,arthur granted her request4  ,one day  
in time of peace1 ,king ,arthur went out
 hunting with a certain knight named    
,sir ,accalon1 who was the lover of     
,morgan le ,fay4 ,they rode for a long  
time1 and when they were tired1 stopped 
to rest beside a great lake4 ,as they   
looked over its shining waters1 they saw
 a beautiful little ship1 which sailed  
straight towards them1 and ran up to the
 sands at their feet4 ,it was all       
covered with golden silks1 which waved  
in the gentle wind4 ,king ,arthur and   
,sir ,accalon climbed into it and       
examined it thoroughly1 but they found  
no one on board4  ,they rested on two   
couches which were on the deck1 until it
 grew dark4 ,then they were about to    
return home1 when all at once1 a hundred
 torches set on the sides of the ship   
were lighted1 and suddenly there        
appeared twelve beautiful damsels who   
told the two that they were welcome1 and
 that they should be served with a      

banquet4  ,presently the maidens led the
 king and the knight into a room which  
had a table covered with a white cloth  
embroidered in purple4 ,it bore many    
golden dishes1 and each dish had a      
beautiful design carved upon it4 ,some  
dishes had vine-leaves1 others          
ivy-leaves2 some had angels with long   
robes sweeping back in graceful lines2  
and all these dishes held choice food4  
,the king and ,sir ,accalon ate to their
 hearts' content4  ,then the damsels led
 them into two separate chambers4 ,king 
,arthur was tired and so sleepy that he 
gave but one glance at his bedroom4 ,he 
saw that it was hung in red silk        
embroidered with gold dragons and       
griffins4 ,then he threw himself on his 
bed and slept very soundly4  ,when he   
awoke1 he found himself not in the      
pretty bed-chamber1 but in a dark place4
 ,he could see nothing1 but all about   
him he heard the sound of complaining   
and weeping4 ,he was much bewildered1   
but in a moment he cried3  ,what is     

this8 ,where am ,i8  ,then a voice      
answered3  ,you are in prison1 as we    
are4  ,who are you8 asked ,arthur4  ,the
 voice replied3  ,we are twenty knights1
 prisoners1 and some of us have been    
here as long as seven years4 ,we are in 
the dungeons of a wicked lord named ,sir
 ,damas4 ,he has a younger brother1 and 
the two brothers are enemies1 quarreling
 about their inheritance4 ,now the      
younger brother1 ,sir ,ontzlake1 is very
 strong1 but ,sir ,damas is not strong1 
and moreover1 he is a coward4 ,so he    
tries to find a knight who will fight   
for him against ,sir ,ontzlake4  ,but   
,sir ,damas is so much hated that no one
 will fight for him4 ,so he goes about  
the country with a body of rough men1   
and whenever he sees a knight1 he       
captures him4 ,then he asks him to fight
 with ,sir ,ontzlake4 ,so far1 all the  
knights have refused1 and have been     
thrown into prison4 ,we do not have food
 enough1 but we would rather die here   
than fight for ,sir ,damas1 who is so   

wicked4  ,at that moment a damsel       
entered the prison with a torch1 which  
faintly lighted the dismal place1 and   
advanced to the king4  ,sir1 she said1  
will you fight for my lord1 ,sir ,damas8
 ,if you will1 you shall be taken from  
this prison4 ,if you will not1 you shall
 die here4  ,arthur considered for some 
time1 and then said3  ,i would rather   
fight than die in prison4 ,if ,i fight1 
will you deliver also all these         
prisoners8  ,the damsel promised1 and   
,arthur consented to fight4 ,while she  
went to tell ,sir ,damas1 ,arthur said  
to the other prisoners3  ,my friends1 ,i
 do not know ,sir ,damas1 and ,i do not 
know ,sir ,ontzlake4 ,i do not know     
whether they are bad or good4 ,but ,i   
will fight1 and then1 when ,i have      
conquered1 ,i shall judge between them1 
and do justice to both4  ,that is a good
 plan1 said the knights1 but why are you
 so sure that you will conquer8  ,i am  
,arthur1 the ,king1 he replied4  ,at    
that the knights set up a great cry of  

joy1 and the king continued3  ,i shall  
send for my good sword ,excalibur and   
the scabbard1 and with these ,i shall   
surely win4  ,so when ,arthur and the   
knights were let out of prison1 the king
 sent the damsel who had visited them to
 ,morgan le ,fay for his sword and      
scabbard4  ,meantime1 the knight who had
 accompanied ,arthur on the little ship1
 ,sir ,accalon1 also awoke4 ,he found   
himself in the palace of ,morgan le     
,fay1 and he wondered very much where   
,arthur was4 ,he went to the lady1 who  
said to him3  ,my dear lord1 the day has
 come when you can have great power if  
you want it4 ,should you like to be king
 of this land1 instead of ,arthur8  ,now
 ,sir ,accalon was a traitor at heart4  
,he wanted very much to be king1 even if
 the good ,arthur was to be killed2 so  
he said3  ,yes1 truly4  ,then she said3 
,you shall be king1 and ,i shall be your
 queen4 ,all you need to do is to fight 
a great battle1 which you shall win4 ,i 
have been using my magic4 ,it was ,i who

 sent the ship of silk to you and       
,arthur4 ,i had him put into prison1 and
 ,i had you brought here4  ,sir ,accalon
 wondered very much4 ,then she told him 
of the fight ,king ,arthur was to make  
against ,sir ,ontzlake4  ,but ,i have   
caused ,sir ,ontzlake to fall sick1 she 
said1 and he cannot fight4 ,i shall go  
with you to his castle and you can offer
 to fight for him4  ,i to fight with the
 king6 cried ,sir ,accalon4 ,he would   
surely overthrow me4  ,he cannot1 said  
,morgan le ,fay1 because you are to     
fight with his sword4 ,a little while   
ago he sent to me for ,excalibur and the
 scabbard1 but ,i returned him a false  
sword which looks like ,excalibur1 and a
 false scabbard4 ,you shall take the    
true ones1 and then you will surely     
overcome him and rule this land4  ,then 
,sir ,accalon was glad1 and he hastened 
with the lady to the castle of ,sir     
,ontzlake4 ,they found him groaning     
because he was ill and because ,sir     
,damas had sent him a challenge to fight

 with a knight1 and he could not accept 
it4 ,he was much relieved when ,morgan  
le ,fay told him that ,sir ,accalon     
would fight in his place4  ,early in the
 afternoon1 ,king ,arthur and ,sir      
,accalon rode into the field where the  
combat was to be held4 ,arthur did not  
know who ,sir ,accalon was1 nor did any 
one else1 except ,morgan le ,fay4 ,two  
sides of the field were full of people1 
who came to watch1 half of whom were    
friends of ,sir ,damas1 and the other   
half were friends of ,sir ,ontzlake4    
,arthur and ,sir ,accalon rode at each  
other so furiously that at the shock of 
the meeting both fell off their horses4 
,then they began to fight fiercely with 
their swords4 ,the king could make no   
headway with his false steel1 but       
whenever ,sir ,accalon struck at ,arthur
 he drew blood4  ,the king was much     
amazed4 ,he grew weaker and weaker1 but 
still he kept on his feet4 ,those who   
watched him were sorry for him2 they    
thought they had never seen a man fight 

so bravely4 ,at last ,arthur's sword    
broke1 and fell in two pieces on the    
ground4 ,when ,sir ,accalon saw this1 he
 cried3  ,now1 yield to me4  ,i will    
never yield1 said the king1 and if you  
do not get me another sword1 you will be
 shamed before all men1 for it is an    
unknightly thing to fight with a        
defenseless man4  ,i do not care1 said  
,sir ,accalon4 ,if you will not yield1  
defend yourself with your shield as best
 you can4  ,he rushed at the king4      
,arthur was so weak that he could hardly
 stand1 but he guarded himself as well  
as he could with his shield4 ,soon he   
could do no more1 and fell to the       
ground4  ,at this moment the ,lady of   
the ,lake1 who had given ,arthur his    
sword1 came upon the field4 ,she was    
invisible1 but anyone who had listened  
intently could have heard a sound like a
 ripple of water as she walked4 ,she    
caused ,excalibur to fall out of the    
hand of ,sir ,accalon and drop near     
,arthur4  ,when it fell1 ,arthur saw    

that it was his own ,excalibur4 ,he     
grasped its handle and some of his      
strength came back4 ,he struggled to his
 feet1 and rushing up to ,sir ,accalon1 
seized the scabbard of ,excalibur and   
threw it far over the field4  ,now1 he  
said1 send for a second sword and fight 
with me4  ,then ,sir ,accalon was       
afraid4 ,yet he thought that ,arthur was
 so weak that he could still be         
overcome4 ,so he sent for a second      
sword1 and they began to fight again4   
,arthur's strength1 however1 had largely
 returned1 and in a short time he gave  
,sir ,accalon a mortal stroke4  ,sir    
,accalon fell to the ground1 and the    
king1 leaning over him1 cried3  ,tell me
 who you are4  ,then ,sir ,accalon was  
filled with remorse1 and he said3  ,oh1 
my ,king1 ,i have been a traitor to you1
 but now ,i am dying1 and ,i am sorry   
for what ,i have done4 ,i deserve my    
death4  ,he told the king his name1 and 
all about his treachery1 and that of    
,morgan le ,fay4  ,king ,arthur was sad4

  ,it is very hard to be deceived in a  
friend1 he said1 but ,i forgive you     
freely4 ,i will try to cure your wound1 
and sometime ,i shall trust you again4  
,you cannot cure me1 said ,sir ,accalon4
 ,i am dying4 ,let them carry me off the
 field4  ,so he was taken to a          
neighboring abbey1 while the people     
crowded about the king to congratulate  
him1 but ,arthur said3  ,i am sad at    
heart4 ,my victory is no comfort to me1 
for to-day ,i have lost a friend whom ,i
 believed true4  ,then he called the two
 brothers1 ,sir ,damas and ,sir         
,ontzlake1 and judged their cause4 ,he  
decided that their property must be     
divided equally between them1 and that  
they must be friends4 ,they promised    
never to quarrel again4 ,arthur told    
them that they must be kind to other    
knights and to all people4 ,he said that
 if he heard that they were not1 he     
could come and punish them4  ,after     
this1 ,sir ,damas gave back to the      
twenty knights all their money1 and they

 went on their way rejoicing4 ,king     
,arthur mounted his horse and rode over 
to the abbey1 where he sat by the bed of
 ,sir ,accalon till the poor knight     
died4 ,then the king went back alone to 
his ,court at ,camelot4   #dje-daa      
,miguel de ,cervantes1 the greatest     
literary         genius of ,spain1 was  
born in #aedg in a small         town   
near ,madrid1 and he died in #afaf1 the 
year         of the death of            
,shakespeare4 ,he received a fair       
education1 and by reading he gained a   
thorough         knowledge of the       
romantic poetry of ,spain and           
,italy and of the romances of chivalry4 
,at the         age of twenty-one he    
went to ,italy4 ,for several            
years he was a soldier in the ,spanish  
army4         ,when he was twenty-eight 
years old1 he was         captured by   
pirates of ,algiers and was held a      
prisoner for five years4 ,when he       
returned to         ,spain1 he attempted
 to make a living by writing            

dramas and romances1 and later he       
secured an         unimportant          
governmental position as commissary     
and tax-collector in ,seville4 ,in #afjf
 he         published the first part of 
,don ,quixote4 ,this         book       
immediately became very popular1 but it 
did not bring him much money nor did it 
win for         him the recognition of  
literary men4 ,all his         life he  
was poor1 and sometimes apparently he   
was actually in want of food4 ,in #afae1
 one year         before his death1 he  
published the second part         of    
,don ,quixote1 the greatest national    
book of         ,spain4          ,don   
,quixote is a humorous satire upon the  
romances of chivalry1 which at the time 
were so         popular in ,spain as to 
corrupt the national         life by    
their loose morals and false ideals4 ,so
         complete was the success of    
,cervantes that the         whole nation
 began to laugh at the absurdities      
of the romances of chivalry1 and it is  

said         that not one new edition of
 any book of         chivalry appeared  
in ,spain after the         publication 
of ,don ,quixote4          ,although the
 world no longer takes serious          
consideration of the ideals of the      
romances of         chivalry1 ,don      
,quixote will always be                 
remembered as a great book1 for it      
abounds in         good-humored satire  
of human follies that are         found 
in all ages and countries4 ,sancho      
,panza         represents the type of   
person who does not have                
imagination or spiritual ideals4 ,not   
much less         ridiculous1 though    
much more deserving of         sympathy1
 is ,don ,quixote1 who represents the   
type of person who is controlled by     
imagination         and fanciful ideals1
 unbalanced by practical                
judgment4 ,the life of a person of      
either type         must be filled with 
absurdities4          ,the following    
selections are taken from               

,stories of ,don ,quixote retold by ,h4 
,l4         ,havell4   ,,stories ,,from 
,,don ,,quixote   ,i4 ,,dreams ,,and    
,,shadows  ,the scene is laid in a      
village of ,la ,mancha1 a high and arid 
district of ,central ,spain2 and the    
time is towards the close of the        
sixteenth century4 ,on the outskirts of 
the village there stood at the time     
mentioned a house of modest size1       
adjoining a little farm1 the property of
 a retired gentleman whose real name was
 ,quisada or ,quijada1 but who is now   
known to all mankind by the immortal    
title of ,don ,quixote4 ,how he came to 
alter his name we shall see presently4  
,on a hot summer afternoon this worthy  
gentleman was sitting in a small upper  
room1 which served him as a study1      
absorbed in the contents of a huge folio
 volume1 which lay open on the table    
before him4 ,other volumes1 of like     
bulky proportions1 were piled up on     
chairs or strewn on the floor around    
him4 ,the reader was a man some fifty   

years of age1 tall and spare of figure1 
and with high1 stern features of the    
severest ,spanish type4 ,in his eyes1   
when from time to time he paused in his 
reading and gazed absently before him1  
there was a look of wild abstraction1 as
 of one who lives in a world of dreams  
and shadows4 ,one hand1 with bony1      
nervous fingers1 rested on the open     
page2 with the other he grasped his     
sword1 which lay sheathed on his lap4   
,no sound disturbs the sultry stillness 
of the chamber1 save only the droning of
 an imprisoned bee and the rustling of  
paper when the eager student turned a   
leaf4 ,deeper and deeper grew his       
absorption2 his eyes seemed to devour   
the lines1 and he clutched his hair with
 both hands1 as if he would tear it out 
by the roots4 ,at last1 overpowered by a
 frenzied impulse1 he leaped from his   
seat1 and plucking his sword from the   
scabbard1 began cutting and thrusting at
 some invisible object1 shouting in a   
voice of thunder3 ,unhand the maiden1   

foul caitiff6 ,give place1 ,i say1 and  
let the princess go6 ,what1 wilt thou   
face me1 vile robber8 ,have at thee1    
then1 and take the wages of thy         
villainy4 ,as he uttered the last words 
he aimed a tremendous thrust at his     
visionary opponent and narrowly escaped 
transfixing the comely person of a young
 lady who at this very moment entered   
the room1 with signs of haste and alarm4
 ,behind her1 in the dimly-lighted      
passage1 appeared the portly figure of  
an elderly dame1 who was proclaimed1 by 
the bunch of keys which hung at her     
girdle1 to be the gentleman's           
housekeeper4  ,dear uncle1 what ails    
thee8 said the young lady1 gazing with  
pity and wonder at the poor distracted  
man1 who stood arrested in his last     
attitude1 with rolling eyes and hair in 
wild disorder1 while great beads of     
sweat poured down his face4 ,but he1    
whose mind was still soaring in the     
regions of high romance1 at once        
converted his niece into a rescued      

princess1 saved from violence by his    
prowess2 and1 lowering his blade and    
dropping gracefully on one knee1 he     
raised her hand to his lips and said3   
,fear nothing1 gentle lady6 ,there lies 
thine enemy in his gore2 and he pointed 
to a table which had been overset in one
 of his wild rushes1 carrying with it an
 inkstand1 the contents of which were   
now trickling in a black stream across  
the uncarpeted boards4  ,his niece was  
accustomed to the strange fits of her   
eccentric relative1 and1 humoring his   
fancy1 she answered3 ,thou hast done    
well1 and ,i thank thee4 ,but sit down  
now and rest awhile after thy toils2 and
 ,i will bring thee something to drink4 
,with that she led him to a couch and   
left the room1 taking the housekeeper   
with her4 ,in a few moments she         
returned1 bearing a great pitcher of    
cold water4  ',tis a most rare elixir1  
said he1 after taking a deep draught1   
prepared by the great enchanter         
,alquife1 and of a magic potency4 ,then1

 being exhausted by his violent         
exertions of body and mind he stretched 
himself on the couch and soon sank into 
a quiet sleep4   ,,ii4 ,,preparing ,,for
 ,,the ,,quest  ,the extraordinary scene
 which has just been described was only 
one among many which had occurred during
 several months1 down to the time when  
our story begins2 and we must now go    
back a little and give some account of  
our hero's habits and studies1 which    
ended by bringing him to so desperate a 
state4 ,at that time by far the most    
popular form of light literature was the
 ,romances of ,chivalry1--huge          
interminable fictions1 filled with the  
most extravagant visions that ever      
visited the slumbers of a mad poet4     
,merely to unravel the story of one of  
these gigantic romances is a task which 
would tax the strongest brain4 ,they    
dealt with the adventures of            
,knights-,errant1 who wandered about the
 earth redressing grievances and        
succoring the oppressed4 ,those who     

venture into these vast jungles of      
romance are occasionally rewarded by    
passages of great sweetness1 nobility1  
and charm2 but the modern reader soon   
grows weary of enchanted forests1       
haunted by giants1 dragons1 and other   
impossible monsters1 of deserts where   
despairing lovers roam haggard and      
forlorn1 of dwarfs1 goblins1 wizards1   
and all the wild and grotesque creations
 of the mediaeval fancy4  ,but in the   
times of which we are writing the       
passion for ,books of ,chivalry rose to 
such a height that it became a serious  
public evil4 ,in ,spain it reached its  
climax2 and our humble gentleman of ,la 
,mancha is only an extreme example of   
the effect which such studies produced  
on the national mind4 ,being bitten by  
the craze for chivalrous fiction1 he    
gradually forsook all the healthy       
pursuits of a country life and gave     
himself up entirely to reading such     
books as ,amadis of ,gaul1 ,palmerin of 
,england1 and ,belianis of ,greece2 and 

his infatuation reached such a point    
that he sold several acres of good      
arable land to provide himself with     
funds for the purchase of those         
ponderous folios with which we saw him  
surrounded when he was first introduced 
to our notice4 ,from dawn till eve he   
pored over his darling books1 and       
sometimes passed whole nights in the    
same pursuit1 until at last1 having     
crammed his brain with this perilous    
stuff1 he began to imagine that these   
wild inventions were sober reality4     
,from this delusion there was but one   
step to the belief that he himself was a
 principal actor in the adventures of   
which he read2 and when the fit was on  
him1 he would take his sword and engage 
in single combat with the creatures of  
his brain1 stamping his feet and        
alarming the household with his cries4  
,at first his frenzy was intermittent1  
and each attack was followed by a lucid 
interval2 but finally he lost his wits  
altogether and came to the insane       

resolution of turning knight-errant and 
going out into the world as the         
redresser of wrongs and the champion of 
the innocent4 ,his intention once       
formed1 he at once took steps to carry  
it into effect4 ,from a dark corner of  
the house he brought out an old suit of 
armor1 which had been lying neglected   
for generations and was now covered with
 mould and eaten with rust4 ,he cleaned 
the pieces and repaired them as well as 
he could2 and observing that the helmet 
was a simple morion1 wanting a          
protection for the face1 he made a vizor
 of pasteboard to supply the defect4    
,then1 wishing to prove the strength of 
his vizor1 he drew his sword and with   
one stroke destroyed what had cost him  
the labor of a week4 ,he was            
considerably shocked by the ease with   
which he had demolished his handiwork2  
but having made a second vizor and      
strengthened it with bars of iron1 he   
did not choose to try any further       
experiments1 but accepted the helmet1   

thus fortified1 as the finest headpiece 
in the world4  ,then he paid a visit to 
his old horse1 and though the poor beast
 was a mere living skeleton1            
broken-winded and with his feet full of 
sandcracks1 to his master's eyes he     
seemed a nobler steed than ,bucephalus1 
or ,bavieca1 the famous charger of the  
,cid4 ,it was evident that such a noble 
steed1 who was to carry a warrior so    
famous1 must have a name by which all   
the world might know him2 and           
accordingly1 after deliberating for four
 days and passing in review a multitude 
of titles1 he determined to call the    
beast ,rozinante4  ,having settled this 
weighty question1 he next began to      
consider what name he should assume     
himself1 being by no means satisfied    
with that which he had received from his
 father4 ,eight days were passed in     
debating a matter so important to       
himself and to posterity1 and at the end
 of that time he resolved to call       
himself ,don ,quixote4 ,but1 remembering

 that ,amadis1 not contented with his   
simple name1 had taken the additional   
title of ,amadis of ,gaul1 he           
determined1 in imitation of that        
illustrious hero1 his model and teacher 
in all things1 to style himself ,don    
,quixote de ,la ,mancha1 and thereby    
confer immortal honor on the land of his
 birth4  ,nothing now remained but to   
choose a lady to be the mistress of his 
affections and the load-star of his     
life2 for1 as he wisely reflected1 a    
knight-errant without a lady-love was   
like a tree without fruit or a body     
without a soul4 ,if1 he said to himself1
 ,i should encounter some giant1 as     
commonly happens to knights-errant1 and 
cut him in twain or otherwise vanquish  
him and make him my prisoner1 will it   
not be well to have some lady to whom ,i
 may send him as a gift1 so that he may 
enter the presence of my sweet mistress 
and bow the knee before her1 saying in a
 humble and submissive voice3 ',lady1 ,i
 am the giant ,caraculiambro1 vanquished

 in single combat by the knight ,don    
,quixote de ,la ,mancha1 whose praise no
 tongue can tell1 and ,i have been      
commanded by him to present myself to   
your grace1 that you may dispose of me  
as your ,highness pleases4'  ,our good  
knight was highly pleased with his own  
eloquence1 and still more so when he had
 made choice of his lady4 ,in a         
neighboring village there was a young   
girl1 employed on a farm1 with whom he  
had at one time been in love1 though he 
had never brought himself to declare his
 passion4 ,her name was ,aldonza        
,lorenzo1 and her he resolved to        
constitute the queen of his heart1      
having conferred on her the sounding    
title of ,dulcinea del ,toboso1 or ,the 
,sweet ,lady of ,toboso1 the village    
where she was born4   ,,iii4 ,,the      
,,quest ,,begins  ,the world is waiting 
for me1 murmured our enthusiast1 leaping
 from his bed at the first peep of dawn 
and arming himself from head to foot4   
,then treading softly1 so as not to     

alarm the household1 he went to the     
stable1 saddled ,rozinante1 and leading 
him out through a back gate of the yard1
 mounted and rode forth into the plain1 
hugely delighted to find himself fairly 
started on his great enterprise4  ,but  
hardly had he reached the open country  
when the terrible thought occurred to   
him that he had not been dubbed a knight
 and by the laws of chivalry was not    
entitled to engage in combat with any   
one who bore that rank1 and further1    
even if he were already a knight1 he was
 obliged as a novice to wear plain      
armor1 without device of any kind4 ,so  
much was he perturbed by these          
reflections that he was within an ace of
 giving up his whole design1 and would  
have done so but for a happy            
inspiration1 which saved mankind from so
 dire a calamity4 ,many of the heroes of
 his books of chivalry had got          
themselves dubbed knight by the first   
person whom they met1 and remembering   
this1 he resolved to follow their       

example4 ,and as to his armor1 he would 
rub and polish it until it was whiter   
than ermine4  ,his scruples thus        
removed1 he continued his journey1      
leaving his good steed to choose what   
direction he pleased1 as was the fashion
 with knights-errant when they set out  
on their adventures4 ,thus pacing along 
and dreaming of mighty deeds1 he gave   
vent to his feelings in the following   
rhapsody3 ,what a theme for the         
eloquence of some great master of       
style--the feats of high emprise wrought
 by the valiant arm of ,don ,quixote de 
,la ,mancha6 ,happy the pen which shall 
describe them1 happy the age which shall
 read the wondrous tale6 ,and thou1     
brave steed1 shalt have thy part in the 
honor which is done to thy master1 when 
poet and sculptor and painter shall vie 
with one another in raising an eternal  
monument to his fame4  ,then recalling  
his part as an afflicted lover1 he began
 to mourn his hard lot in soft and      
plaintive tones3 ,o lady ,dulcinea1     

queen of this captive heart6 ,why hast  
thou withdrawn from me the light of thy 
countenance and banished thy faithful   
servant from thy presence8 ,shorten1 ,i 
implore thee1 the term of my penance and
 leave me not to wither in solitude and 
despair4  ,lost in these sublime and    
melancholy thoughts he rode slowly on   
from hour to hour1 until the sun became 
so hot that it was enough to melt his   
brains1 if he had possessed any4 ,all   
that day he continued his journey       
without meeting with any adventure1     
which vexed him sorely1 for he was eager
 to encounter some foeman worthy of his 
steel4 ,evening came on1 and both he and
 his horse were ready to drop with      
hunger and fatigue1 when1 looking about 
him in search of some castle--or some   
hovel--where he might find shelter and  
refreshment1 he saw not far from the    
roadside a small inn1 and1 setting spurs
 to ,rozinante1 rode up to the door at a
 hobbling canter just as night was      
falling4  ,the inn was of the poorest   

and meanest description1 frequented by  
muleteers and other rude wayfarers2 but 
to his perverted fancy it seemed a      
turreted castle1 with battlements of    
silver1 drawbridge1 and moat1 and all   
that belonged to a feudal fortress4     
,before the door were standing two      
women1 vagabonds of the lowest class1   
who were traveling in the company of    
certain mule-drivers2 but for him they  
were instantly transformed into a pair  
of high-born maidens taking the air     
before the castle gate4  ,to complete   
his illusion1 just at this moment a     
swineherd1 who was collecting his drove 
from a neighboring stubble field1       
sounded a few notes on his horn4 ,this  
,don ,quixote took for a signal which   
had been given by some dwarf from the   
ramparts1 to inform the inmates of the  
castle of his approach2 and so1 with    
huge satisfaction1 he lifted his        
pasteboard vizor1 and uncovering his    
haggard and dusty features1 thus        
addressed the women who were eyeing him 

with looks of no small alarm1 and       
evidently preparing to retreat3 ,fly    
not1 gracious ladies1 neither wrong me  
by dreaming that ye have aught to fear  
from me1 for the order of chivalry which
 ,i profess suffers not that ,i should  
do harm to any1 least of all to maidens 
of lofty lineage1 such as ,i perceive   
you to be4  ,hearing themselves accosted
 by that extraordinary figure in        
language to which they were so little   
used1 the women could not restrain their
 mirth1 but laughed so long and loud    
that ,don ,quixote began to be vexed and
 said in a tone of grave rebuke1 ,beauty
 and discourtesy are ill-matched        
together1 and unseemly is the laugh     
which folly breeds in a vacant mind4    
,take not my words amiss1 for ,i mean no
 offence1 but am ready to serve you with
 heart and hand4  ,at this dignified    
reproof1 the damsels only laughed louder
 than before1 and there is no saying    
what might have come of it if the       
innkeeper1 who appeared at this moment1 

had not undertaken the office of        
peacemaker1 for which he was well       
fitted1 being a fat1 good-humored       
fellow1 who loved a quiet life4 ,at     
first1 when he saw that fantastic       
warrior on his spectral steed1 he was   
much inclined to join the girls in their
 noisy merriment4 ,but finding some     
ground for alarm in so many engines of  
war1 he contrived to swallow his        
laughter1 and going up to ,don ,quixote1
 said to him civilly enough3 ,if your   
honor is in search of quarters for the  
night1 you will find in this inn all    
that you require excepting a bed1 which 
is not to be had here4  ,finding the    
governor of the fortress--that is to    
say1 the landlord of the inn--so        
obsequious1 ,don ,quixote replied       
cheerfully3 ,sir ,castellan1 you will   
not find me hard to please1 for         
,arms are all my rich array1         ,my
 repose to fight alway4  ,if that be    
your case1 then1 answered the innkeeper1
 humoring his strange guest1 'tis plain 

that          ,your couch is the field1 
your pillow a shield1         ,your     
slumber a vigil from dusk until day3    
and therefore you may dismount in the   
full assurance of finding under my      
humble roof divers good reasons for     
keeping awake for a twelvemonth1 should 
such be your desire4  ,as he said this1 
he went and held the stirrup for ,don   
,quixote1 who was so weak from his long 
fast that it cost him much pain and     
effort to dismount4 ,i commend to thy   
especial care this my good steed1 said  
he1 as soon as he had found his feet3 he
 is the rarest piece of horseflesh that 
ever lived by bread4  ,the innkeeper    
bestowed but one glance on poor         
,rozinante1 and finding little to admire
 in him1 he thrust him hastily into the 
stable and came back to attend to the   
wants of his guest4 ,meanwhile ,don     
,quixote submitted to be disarmed by the
 young women1 who had now made their    
peace4 ,having removed his body armor1  
they tried to relieve him of his helmet1

 which was attached to his neck by green
 ribbons4 ,being unable to loose the    
knots1 they proposed to cut the ribbons1
 but as he would not allow them to do   
this1 he was obliged to keep his helmet 
on all that night1 which made him the   
strangest and most diverting object that
 could be imagined4  ,while the ladies  
were thus employed1 our brave adventurer
 entertained them with a strain of      
high-flown gallantry1 seasoned with     
scraps from the old ballads and romances
 which he had read4 ,not understanding a
 word of what he said1 they simply asked
 him1 when they had finished1 if he     
wanted anything to eat4 ,a slight       
refection would not be ill-timed1       
answered ,don ,quixote1 and learning    
that there was nothing to be had but a  
little trout1 he bade them bring it with
 all speed4 ,many little trouts1 he     
added jestingly1 will serve my turn as  
well as one big one4 ,only let it be    
brought at once1 for ,i begin to be     
conscious of a wondrous void within the 

compass of my sword-belt4  ,the little  
trout proved to be neither more nor less
 than a dish of stockfish1 ,poor ,john1 
or in plain ,english1 salted cod1 and   
that of the rankest4 ,an odor the       
reverse of savory heralded its approach1
 and ,don ,quixote sat down at the      
table1 which had been set1 for coolness1
 before the door1 and applied himself to
 his lenten fare4 ,but being much       
incommoded by his helmet1 he could not  
find the way to his mouth1 and remained 
staring in dismay at the reeking mess   
and the filthy black bread which        
accompanied it1 until one of the        
damsels1 perceiving his distress1 came  
to his relief and fed him with small    
morsels1 which she deftly conveyed to   
their proper destination through the    
opening of his helmet4 ,to give him     
drink was a harder matter1 but this     
problem was solved with great ingenuity 
by the landlord1 who brought a hollow   
cane1 and placing one end in his mouth1 
poured the wine in at the other4  ,and  

so in solemn silence1 broken now and    
then by the stifled laughter of the     
onlookers1 the strange meal proceeded2  
and when it was nearly at an end1 a     
clownish fellow passed by1 blowing on a 
rustic pipe4 ,but for ,don ,quixote1 who
 had transformed the inn into a castle1 
the fat publican into a powerful        
governor1 and the vagabond damsels into 
high-born ladies1 it was an easy matter 
to find in those rude notes a strain of 
rare music1 provided for his delectation
 while he sat at table2 and he concluded
 his repast in a state of high          
satisfaction with his first day's       
adventures4   ,,iv4 ,,the ,,knightly    
,,vigil  ,but one uncomfortable thought 
chilled the heat of his enthusiasm--he  
had not yet been dubbed a knight and was
 therefore still unqualified to engage  
in any chivalrous adventure4            
,accordingly1 as soon as he had finished
 his scanty and sordid meal1 he took the
 landlord aside1 and shutting himself up
 with him in the stable and falling on  

his knees before him1 said3 ,i will     
never rise from this posture1 valiant   
knight1 until thou hast granted me of   
thy courtesy the favor which ,i desire1 
and which shall redound to thine honor  
and to the benefit of the human race4   
,dumbfoundered at the strange attitude  
and still stranger language of his      
guest1 the landlord stared at him1 not  
knowing what to do or say4 ,he begged   
him to rise1 but ,don ,quixote steadily 
refused1 so that at last he was obliged 
to give the promise required4  ,i       
expected no less from your ,high        
,mightiness1 answered ,don ,quixote4    
,and now hear what ,i desire3 to-morrow 
at dawn you shall dub me knight1 and to 
that end ,i will this night keep the    
vigil of arms in the chapel of your     
castle1 so that ,i may be ready to      
receive the order of chivalry in the    
morning and forthwith set out on the    
path of toil and glory which awaits     
those who follow the perilous profession
 of knight-errant4  ,by this time the   

landlord began to perceive that ,don    
,quixote was not right in his wits1 and 
being somewhat of a wag he resolved to  
make matter for mirth by humoring his   
whim2 and so he replied that such       
ambition was most laudable1 and just    
what he would have looked for in a      
gentleman of his gallant presence4 ,he  
had himself1 he said1 been a cavalier of
 fortune in his youth--which in a       
certain sense was true1 for he had been 
a notorious thief and rogue1 known to   
every magistrate in ,spain--and now1 in 
his declining years1 he was living in   
the retirement of his castle1 where his 
chief pleasure was to entertain         
wandering knights2 which1 being         
interpreted1 meant that he was a        
rascally landlord and grew fat by       
cheating the unfortunate travelers who  
stayed at his inn4  ,then he went on to 
say that1 with regard to the vigil of   
arms1 it could be held in the courtyard 
of the castle1 as the chapel had been   
pulled down to make place for a new one4

 ,and to-morrow1 he concluded1 you shall
 be dubbed a knight--a full knight1 and 
a perfect knight1 so that none shall be 
more so in all the world4  ,having      
thanked the landlord for his kindness1  
and promised to obey him1 as his        
adoptive father1 in all things1 ,don    
,quixote at once prepared to perform the
 vigil of arms4 ,collecting his armor1  
he laid the several pieces in a         
horse-trough which stood in the center  
of the inn-yard1 and then1 taking his   
shield on his arm and grasping his      
lance1 he began to pace up and down with
 high-bred dignity before the trough4   
,the landlord had lost no time in       
informing those who were staying at the 
inn of the mad freaks of his guest1 and 
a little crowd was gathered to watch his
 proceedings from a distance1 which they
 were the better able to do as the moon 
was shining with unusual brightness4    
,sometimes they saw him stalking to and 
fro1 with serene composure1 and         
sometimes he would pause in his march   

and stand for a good while leaning on   
his lance and scanning his armor with a 
fixed and earnest gaze4  ,while this was
 going on1 one of the mule-drivers took 
it into his head to water his team1 and 
approaching the horse-trough prepared to
 remove ,don ,quixote's armor1 which was
 in his way4 ,perceiving his intentions1
 ,don ,quixote cried to him in a loud   
voice1 saying3 ,o thou1 whoever thou    
art1 audacious knight who drawest near  
to touch the armor of the bravest       
champion that ever girt on sword1 look  
what thou doest1 and touch it not1 if   
thou wouldst not pay for thy rashness   
with thy life6  ,the valiant defiance   
was thrown away on the muleteer1 whose  
thick head needed other arguments1 and  
taking the armor by the straps1 he flung
 it a good way from him4 ,which when    
,don ,quixote saw1 he raised his eyes to
 heaven1 and fixing his thoughts 7as may
 be supposed7 on his lady ,dulcinea1 he 
exclaimed3 ,shine on me1 light of my    
life1 now1 when the first insult is     

offered to my devoted heart6 ,let not   
thy countenance and favor desert me in  
this1 my first adventure4  ,as he put up
 this pious appeal he let go his shield1
 and lifting his lance in both hands1   
brought it down with such force on the  
muleteer's head that he fell senseless  
to the ground2 and if the blow had been 
followed by another1 he would have      
needed no physician to cure him4 ,having
 done this1 ,don ,quixote collected his 
armor1 and began pacing up and down     
again1 with the same tranquility as     
before4  ,presently another muleteer1   
knowing nothing of what had happened1   
came up to the trough with the same     
intention as the first and was about to 
lay hands on the armor when ,don        
,quixote1 without uttering a word or    
asking favor of any one1 once more      
lifted his lance and dealt the fellow   
two smart strokes1 which made two cross 
gashes on his crown4  ,meanwhile the    
alarm had been raised in the house1 and 
the whole troop of muleteers now came   

running to avenge their comrades4       
,seeing himself threatened by a general 
assault1 ,don ,quixote drew his sword1  
and thrusting his arm into his shield   
cried3 ,queen of ,beauty1 who givest    
power and might to this feeble heart1   
now let thine eyes be turned upon thy   
slave1 who stands on the threshold of so
 great a peril4  ,his words were        
answered by the muleteers with a shower 
of stones1 which he kept off as well as 
he could with his shield4 ,at the noise 
of the fray the innkeeper came puffing  
up1 and called upon the muleteers to    
desist4 ,the man is mad1 said he1 as ,i 
told you before1 and the law cannot     
touch him1 though he should kill you    
all4  ,ha6 art thou there1 base and     
recreant knight8 shouted ,don ,quixote  
in a voice of thunder4 ,is this thy     
hospitality to knights-errant8 ',tis    
well for thee that ,i have not yet      
received the order of knighthood1 or ,i 
would have paid thee home for this      
outrage4 ,as to you1 base and sordid    

pack1 ,i care not for you a straw4 ,come
 one1 come all1 and take the wages of   
your folly and presumption4  ,his tones 
were so threatening1 and his aspect was 
so formidable1 that he struck terror    
into the hearts of his assailants1 who  
drew back and left off throwing stones2 
and1 after some further parley1 he      
allowed them to carry off the wounded1  
and returned with unruffled dignity to  
the vigil of arms4  ,the landlord was   
now thoroughly tired of his guest's wild
 antics1 and1 resolving to make an end  
of the business1 lest worse should come 
of it1 he went up to ,don ,quixote and  
asked pardon for the violence of that   
low-born rabble1 who had acted1 he said1
 without his knowledge1 and had been    
properly chastised for their temerity4  
,he added that the ceremony of          
conferring knighthood might be performed
 in any place1 and that two hours       
sufficed for the vigil of arms1 so that 
,don ,quixote had fulfilled this part of
 his duty twice over1 as he had now been

 watching for double that time4  ,all   
this was firmly believed by ,don        
,quixote1 and he requested that he might
 be made a knight without further delay2
 for if1 he said1 he were attacked      
again1 after receiving the order of     
chivalry1 he was determined not to leave
 a soul alive in the castle1 excepting  
those to whom he might show mercy at the
 governor's desire4  ,the landlord1     
whose anxiety was increased by this     
alarming threat1 went and fetched a book
 in which he kept his accounts1 and came
 back1 attended by a boy who carried a  
stump of candle1 and by the two damsels 
aforesaid4 ,then1 bidding ,don ,quixote 
to kneel before him1 he began to murmur 
words from his book1 in the tone of one 
who was saying his prayers1 and in the  
midst of his reading he raised his hand 
and gave ,don ,quixote a smart blow on  
the neck1 and then taking the sword laid
 it gently on his shoulder1 muttering   
all the time between his teeth with the 
same air of devotion4 ,then he directed 

one of the ladies to gird on his sword1 
which she did with equal liveliness and 
discretion--and she had much need of the
 latter quality to prevent an explosion 
of laughter--2 however1 the specimen    
which the new knight had just given of  
his prowess kept their merriment in     
check4  ,when his spurs had been buckled
 on by the other damsel1 the ceremony   
was completed1 and after some further   
compliments ,don ,quixote saddled       
,rozinante and rode forth1 a new-made   
knight1 ready to astonish the world with
 feats of arms and chivalry4 ,the       
innkeeper1 who was glad to see the last 
of him1 let him go without making any   
charge for what he had consumed4   ,v4  
,,on ,,honor',s ,,field  ,on leaving the
 inn ,don ,quixote turned his horse's   
steps homewards1 being resolved to      
obtain a supply of money1 and1 above    
all1 to provide himself with a squire   
before seeking more distant scenes of   
adventure4 ,presently he came to a      
cross-road1 and after hesitating a      

moment1 he resolved to imitate his      
favorite heroes by leaving the direction
 to his steed1 who immediately took the 
nearest way to his stable4 ,after       
advancing about two leagues1 our knight 
came in view of a great troop of people1
 who1 as it afterwards turned out1 were 
merchants of ,toledo1 on their way to   
,murcia to buy silk4 ,there were six of 
them jogging comfortably along under    
their umbrellas1 with four servants on  
horseback1 and three mule-drivers       
walking and leading their beasts4  ,here
 was a new opportunity1 as ,don ,quixote
 thought1 of displaying his knightly    
valor1 so he settled himself firmly in  
his stirrups1 grasped his lance1 covered
 his breast with his shield1 and stood  
waiting for the arrival of those        
knights-errant1--for such he judged them
 to be2 and when they were come within  
hearing1 he raised his voice and cried  
with an air of proud defiance3 ,halt1   
every mother's son of you1 and confess  
that in all the world there is no damsel

 more beautiful than the empress of ,la 
,mancha1 the peerless ,dulcinea del     
,toboso6  ,hearing the strange words and
 seeing the extravagant figure of him   
who uttered them1 the merchants drew up1
 and one of them1 who was of a waggish  
disposition1 answered for the whole     
company and said3 ,sir ,knight1 we do   
not know the good lady of whom you      
speak2 let us see her1 and if she is of 
such beauty as you describe1 we will    
most gladly make the confession which   
you require4  ,if you were to see her1  
replied ,don ,quixote1 you must needs be
 convinced that what ,i say is true1 and
 that would be a poor triumph for me4   
,no1 on the faith of my word alone1 you 
must believe it1 confess it1 assert it1 
swear to it1 and maintain it6 ,if not1  
,i defy you to battle1 ye sons of       
lawlessness and arrogance6 ,here ,i     
stand ready to receive you1 whether ye  
come singly1 as the rule of knighthood  
demands1 or all together1 as is the     
custom with churls like you4  ,sir      

,knight1 answered the merchant1 ,i      
entreat you in the name of all this     
noble company1 that you constrain us not
 to lay perjury to our souls by swearing
 to a thing which we have neither seen  
nor heard4 ,show us1 at least1 some     
portrait of this lady1 though it be no  
bigger than a grain of wheat1 that our  
scruples may be satisfied4 ,for so      
strongly are we disposed in favor of the
 fair dame1 that even if the picture    
should exhibit her squinting with one   
eye1 and dropping brimstone and         
vermilion from the other1 for all that  
we will vow and profess that she is as  
lovely as you say4  ,there drops not    
from her1 shouted ,don ,quixote1 aflame 
with fury1 there drops not1 ,i say1 that
 which thou namest1 but only sweet      
perfumes and pearly dew4 ,neither is she
 cross-eyed nor hunch-backed1 but       
straight and slender as a peak of       
,guadarrama4 ,but ye shall pay for the  
monstrous blasphemy which ye have spoken
 against the angelic beauty of my lady  

and queen4  ,with these words he leveled
 his lance and hurled himself upon the  
speaker with such vigor and frenzy that 
if ,rozinante had not chanced to stumble
 and fall in mid career1 the rash       
merchant would have paid dear for his   
jest4 ,down went ,rozinante1 and his    
master rolled over and over for some    
distance across the plain4 ,being       
brought up at last by a projecting rock1
 he made frantic efforts to rise1 but   
was kept down by the weight of his armor
 and lay plunging and kicking on his    
back1 but ceased not for a moment to    
hurl threats and defiances at his       
laughing foes4 ,fly not1 ye cowards1 ye 
dastards6 ,wait awhile6 ,tis not by my  
fault1 but by the fault of my horse that
 ,i lie prostrate here4  ,one of the    
mule-drivers1 who was somewhat          
hot-tempered1 was so provoked by the    
haughty language of the poor fallen     
knight1 that he resolved to give him the
 answer on his ribs1 and running up he  
snatched the lance from ,don ,quixote's 

hands1 broke it in pieces1 and taking   
one of them began to beat him with such 
good-will that in spite of the armor he 
bruised him like wheat in a mill-hopper4
 ,and he found the exercise so much to  
his liking that he continued it until he
 had shivered every fragment of the     
broken lance into splinters4            
,nevertheless he could not stop the     
mouth of our valiant knight1 who during 
all that tempest of blows went on       
defying heaven and earth and shouting   
menaces against those bandits1 as he now
 supposed them to be4  ,at length the   
mule-driver grew weary1 and the whole   
party rode off1 leaving the battered    
champion on the ground4 ,when they were 
gone he made another attempt to rise4   
,but if he failed when he was sound and 
whole1 how much less could he do it now 
that he was almost hammered to pieces6  
,notwithstanding1 his heart was light   
and gay1 for in his own fancy he was a  
hero of romance1 lying covered with     
wounds on honor's field4   ,,vi4 ,,the  

,,return ,,home  ,two days had passed   
since ,don ,quixote left his home1 and  
his niece and his housekeeper were      
growing very anxious about him4 ,more   
than once they had heard him declare his
 intention to turn knight-errant1 and   
they began to fear that he had carried  
out his mad design4 ,on the evening of  
the second day1 a few hours after he had
 been so roughly handled by the         
muleteer1 they heard a loud voice       
calling outside the street door3 ,open  
to ,sir ,baldwin and the ,lord ,marquis 
of ,mantua1 who is brought to your gates
 grievously wounded4 ,they made haste to
 unbar the door1 and when it was opened 
they saw a strange sight3 mounted on an 
ass1 whose head was held by a laboring  
man of the village1 sat ,don ,quixote1  
huddled together in a most              
uncavalier-like posture1 his armor all  
battered and his face begrimed with     
dirt4 ,hard by stood ,rozinante1 a      
woeful object1 crooking his knees and   
drooping his head2 and tied in a bundle 

on his back were the splintered         
fragments of ,don ,quixote's lance4     
,when they saw who it was1 they gathered
 round him with eager questions and     
cries of welcome2 but he checked them   
with a gesture and said3 ,control       
yourselves1 all of you6 ,i am grievously
 hurt1 and if it be possible let some   
one go and fetch ,urganda the wise      
woman1 that she may examine and heal my 
wounds4  ,alack-a-day6 cried the        
housekeeper1 lifting up her hands4 ,did 
,i not tell you1 gentlemen1 that ,i knew
 on which foot my master halted8 ,come1 
dear sir1 and we will cure you1 without 
the help of ,urganda or anyone else4    
,and with many maledictions against the 
books of chivalry which had done the    
kind gentleman so ill a turn1 she       
assisted him to dismount1 and amongst   
them they carried him to his room1 took 
off his armor1 and laid him on his bed4 
,then they inquired where he was hurt1  
and ,don ,quixote exclaimed that he was 
bruised from head to foot1 having been  

thrown from his horse in an encounter   
with ten giants1 the most outrageous and
 ferocious in the world4   ,,vii4 ,,the 
,,battle ,,with ,,the ,,windmills  ,for 
two weeks ,don ,quixote remained        
peacefully at home1 and many were the   
pleasant discussions which passed       
between him and his old friends1 the    
priest and barber1 on his favorite      
theme--the pressing need of reviving the
 profession of knight-errantry1 and his 
own peculiar fitness for rendering this 
great service to the world4 ,all this   
time he was secretly negotiating with a 
certain peasant1 a neighbor of his1     
whose name was ,sancho ,panza1 an       
honest1 poor man1 not much better       
furnished with wits than the knight     
himself4 ,this simple fellow lent a     
ready ear to his grand tales of glory   
and conquest1 and at last consented to  
follow him as his squire1 being         
especially tempted by certain mysterious
 hints which ,don ,quixote let fall     
concerning an ,isle1 of which his new   

master promised to make him governor at 
the first opportunity4  ,this matter    
being arranged ,don ,quixote patched up 
his armor1 obtained a new lance1 and    
having provided himself with a sum of   
money1 gave notice to his squire of the 
day on which he proposed to start4      
,sancho1 who was short and fat and      
little used to traveling on foot1 asked 
leave to bring his ass1 remarking that  
it was a very good one4 ,this proposal  
gave the knight pause1 for1 try as he   
would1 he could remember no authority   
for a squire on a long-eared charger2   
but finally he gave the required        
permission1 resolving to furnish him    
with a worthier steed as soon as        
possible1 by taking the horse of the    
first discourteous knight whom he met4  
,when all was ready they set off        
together one night1 without taking leave
 of their families1 and rode steadily   
on1 so that by daybreak they were beyond
 the reach of pursuit4 ,sancho ,panza   
sat his ass like a patriarch1 carrying  

with him his saddle-bags and leather    
bottle2 and all his thoughts were of the
 ,isle which his master had promised    
him4 ,don ,quixote was lost in loftier  
meditations until he was roused from his
 reverie by the voice of his squire1 who
 said3 ,i hope your ,grace has not      
forgotten the ,isle which ,i was to     
have1 for ,i shall know well how to     
govern it1 however big it may be4  ,as  
to that1 replied ,don ,quixote thou     
needest have no fear2 ,i shall only be  
complying with an ancient and honorable 
custom of knights-errant1 and1 indeed1  
,i purpose to improve on their practice1
 for1 instead of waiting1 as they often 
did1 until thou art worn out in my      
service1 ,i shall seek the first        
occasion to bestow on thee this gift2   
and it may be that before a week has    
passed thou wilt be crowned king of that
 ,isle4  ,well1 said ,sancho1 if this   
miracle should come to pass1 my good    
wife ,joan will be a queen and my sons  
young princes4  ,who doubts it8 answered

 ,don ,quixote4  ,i do1 rejoined        
,sancho4 ,my ,joan a queen6 ,nay1 if it 
rained crowns1 ,i don't believe that one
 would ever settle on my dame's head4   
,believe me1 your honor1 she's not worth
 three farthings as a queen2 she might  
manage as a countess1 though that would 
be hard enough4  ,think not so meanly of
 thyself1 ,sancho1 said ,don ,quixote1  
gravely4 ,marquis is the very least     
title which ,i intend for thee1 if thou 
wilt be content with that4  ,that ,i    
will1 and heaven bless your honor1 said 
,sancho heartily4 ,i will take what you 
give and be thankful1 knowing that you  
will not make the burden too heavy for  
my back4  ,chatting thus1 they reached  
the top of rising ground and saw before 
them thirty or forty windmills in the   
plain below2 and as soon as ,don        
,quixote set eyes on them he said to his
 squire3 ,friend ,sancho1 we are in luck
 to-day6 ,see1 there stands a troop of  
monstrous giants1 thirty or more1 and   
with them ,i will forthwith do battle   

and slay them every one4 ,with their    
spoils we will lay the foundation of our
 fortune1 as is the victor's right2     
moreover it is doing heaven good service
 to sweep this generation of vipers from
 off the face of the earth4  ,what      
giants do you mean8 asked ,sancho       
,panza4  ,those whom thou seest yonder1 
answered his master1 with the long arms1
 which in such creatures are sometimes  
two leagues in length4  ,what is your   
honor thinking of8 cried ,sancho4 ,those
 are not giants1 but windmills1 and     
their arms1 as you call them1 are the   
sails1 which1 being driven by the wind1 
set the millstones going4  ',tis plain1 
said ,don ,quixote1 that thou hast still
 much to learn in our school of         
adventures4 ,i tell thee they are       
giants1 and if thou art afraid1 keep out
 of the way and pass the time in prayer 
while ,i am engaged with them in fierce 
and unequal battle4  ,saying this1 he   
set spurs to ,rozinante1 and turning a  
deaf ear to the cries of ,sancho1 who   

kept repeating that the supposed giants 
were nothing but windmills1 he thundered
 across the plain1 shouting at the top  
of his voice3 ,fly not1 ye cowardly     
loons1 for it is only a single knight   
who is coming to attack you6  ,just at  
this moment there came a puff of wind1  
which set the sails in motion2 seeing   
which1 ,don ,quixote cried3 ,ay1 swing  
your arms6 ,if ye had more of them than 
,briareos himself1 ,i would make you pay
 for it4 ,then1 with a heartfelt appeal 
to his lady ,dulcinea1 he charged full  
gallop at the nearest mill1 and pierced 
the descending sail with his lance4 ,the
 weapon was shivered to pieces1 and     
horse and rider1 caught by the sweep of 
the sail1 were sent rolling with great  
violence across the plain4  ,heaven     
preserve us6 cried ,sancho1 who had     
followed as fast as his ass could trot1 
and found his master lying very still by
 the side of his steed4 ,did ,i not warn
 your honor that those things were      
windmills and not giants at all8 ,surely

 none could fail to see it1 unless he   
had such another whirligig in his own   
pate6  ,be silent1 good ,sancho6 replied
 ,don ,quixote1 and know that the things
 of war1 beyond all others1 are subject 
to continual mutation4 ,moreover1 in the
 present case ,i think1 nay1 ,i am sure1
 that an alien power has been at work1  
even that wicked enchanter ,friston2 he 
it is who has changed those giants into 
windmills to rob me of the honor of     
their defeat4 ,but in the end all his   
evil devices shall be baffled by my good
 sword4  ,heaven grant that it may be   
so6 said ,sancho1 assisting him to rise2
 and the knight then remounted          
,rozinante1 whose shoulders were almost 
splayed by his fall1 and turned his face
 towards the ,puerto ,lapice1 a rugged  
mountain pass through which ran the main
 road from ,madrid to ,andalusia2 for   
such a place1 he thought1 could not fail
 to afford rich and varied matter for   
adventures4    #dab          ,one of the
 best of ,mr4 ,scudder's many fine      

compilations for children is his ,book  
of         ,legends from which the      
following story is         taken4 ,it is
 the same story that ,longfellow        
tells in his ,tales of a ,wayside ,inn  
under the         title of ,king ,robert
 of ,sicily4 7,the ,proud         ,king 
is used here by permission of and       
special         arrangement with the    
publishers1 ,the ,houghton              
,mifflin ,co41 ,boston47   ,,the ,,proud
 ,,king  ,,horace ,e4 ,,scudder  ,there 
was once a king who ruled over many     
lands2 he went to war1 and added one    
country after another to his kingdom4   
,at last he came to be emperor1 and that
 is as much as any man can be4 ,one     
night1 after he was crowned emperor1 he 
lay awake and thought about himself4    
,surely1 he said1 no one can be greater 
than ,i am1 on earth or in heaven4  ,the
 proud king fell asleep with these      
thoughts4 ,when he awoke1 the day was   
fair1 and he looked out on the pleasant 
world4  ,come1 he said to the men about 

him2 to-day we will go a-hunting4  ,the 
horses were brought1 the dogs came      
leaping1 the horns sounded1 and the     
proud king with his courtiers rode off  
to the sport4 ,they had hunted all the  
morning1 and were now in a deep wood4   
,in the fields the sun had beat upon    
their heads1 and they were glad of the  
shade of the trees2 but the proud king  
wished for something more4 ,he saw a    
lake not far off1 and he said to his    
men3  ,bide ye here1 while ,i bathe in  
the lake and cool myself4  ,then he rode
 apart till he came to the shore of the 
lake4 ,there he got down from his horse1
 laid aside his clothes1 and plunged    
into the cool water4 ,he swam about1 and
 sometimes dived beneath the surface1   
and so was once more cool and fresh4    
,now while the proud king was swimming  
away from the shore and diving to the   
bottom1 there came one who had the same 
face and form as the king4 ,he drew near
 the shore1 dressed himself in the      
king's clothes1 mounted the king's horse

 and rode away4 ,so when the proud king 
was once more cool and fresh1 and came  
to the place where he had left his      
clothes and his horse1 there were no    
clothes to be seen1 and no horse4  ,the 
proud king looked about1 but saw no man4
 ,he called1 but no one heard him4 ,the 
air was mild1 but the wood was dark1 and
 no sunshine came through to warm him   
after his cool bath4 ,he walked by the  
shore of the lake and cast about in his 
mind what he should do4  ,i have it1 he 
cried at last4 ,not far from here lives 
a knight4 ,it was but a few days ago    
that ,i made him a knight and gave him a
 castle4 ,i will go to him1 and he will 
be glad enough to clothe his king4  ,the
 proud king wove some reeds into a mat  
and bound the mat about him1 and then he
 walked to the castle of the knight4 ,he
 beat loudly at the gate of the castle  
and called for the porter4 ,the porter  
came and stood behind the gate4 ,he did 
not draw the bolt at once1 but asked3-- 
,who is there8  ,open the gate1 said the

 proud king1 and you will see who ,i am4
  ,the porter opened the gate1 and was  
amazed at what he saw4  ,who are you8 he
 asked4  ,wretch6 said the proud king2  
,i am the emperor4 ,go to your master4  
,bid him come to me with clothes4 ,i    
have lost both clothes and horse4  ,a   
pretty emperor6 the porter laughed4 ,the
 great emperor was here not an hour ago4
 ,he came with his court from a hunt4   
,my master was with him and sat at meat 
with him4 ,but stay you here4 ,i will   
call my master4 ,oh1 yes6 ,i will show  
him the emperor1 and the porter wagged  
his beard and laughed1 and went within4 
,he came forth again with the knight and
 pointed at the proud king4  ,there is  
the emperor6 he said4 ,look at him6 look
 at the great emperor6  ,draw near1 said
 the proud king to the knight1 and kneel
 to me4 ,i gave thee this castle4 ,i    
made thee knight4 ,i give thee now a    
greater gift4 ,i give thee the chance to
 clothe thy emperor with clothes of     
thine own4  ,you dog6 cried the knight4 

,you fool6 ,i have just ridden with the 
emperor1 and have come back to my       
castle4 ,here6 he shouted to his        
servants1 beat this fellow and drive him
 away from the gate4  ,the porter looked
 on and laughed4  ,lay on well1 he said 
to the other servants4 ,it is not every 
day that you can flog an emperor4  ,then
 they beat the proud king1 and drove him
 from the gate of the castle4  ,base    
knight6 said the proud king4 ,i gave him
 all he has1 and this is how he repays  
me4 ,i will punish him when ,i sit on my
 throne again4 ,i will go to the duke   
who lives not far away4 ,him ,i have    
known all my days4 ,he will know me4 ,he
 will know his emperor4  ,so he came to 
the gate of the duke's great hall1 and  
knocked three times4 ,at the third knock
 the porter opened the gate1 and saw    
before him a man clad only in a mat of  
reeds1 and stained and bleeding4  ,go1  
,i pray you1 to the duke1 said the proud
 king1 and bid him come to me4 ,say to  
him that the emperor stands at the gate4

 ,he has been robbed of his clothes and 
of his horse4 ,go quickly to your       
master4  ,the porter closed the gate    
between them1 and went within to the    
duke4  ,your ,grace1 said he1 there is a
 madman at the gate4 ,he is unclad and  
wild4 ,he bade me come to you and tell  
you that he was the emperor4  ,here is a
 strange thing indeed1 said the duke2 ,i
 will see it for myself4  ,so he went to
 the gate1 followed by his servants1 and
 when the porter opened it there stood  
the proud king4 ,the proud king knew the
 duke1 but the duke saw only a bruised  
and beaten madman4  ,do you not know me8
 cried the proud king4 ,i am your       
emperor4 ,only this morning you were on 
the hunt with me4 ,i left you that ,i   
might bathe in the lake4 ,while ,i was  
in the water1 some wretch took both my  
clothes and my horse1 and ,i--,i have   
been beaten by a base knight4  ,put him 
in chains1 said the duke to his         
servants4 ,it is not safe to have such a
 man free4 ,give him some straw to lie  

on1 and some bread and water4  ,the duke
 turned away and went back to his hall1 
where his friends sat at table4  ,that  
was a strange thing1 he said4 ,there was
 a madman at the gate4 ,he must have    
been in the wood this morning1 for he   
told me that ,i was on the hunt with the
 emperor1 and so ,i was2 and he told me 
that the emperor went apart to bathe in 
the lake1 and so he did4 ,but he said   
that some one stole the clothes and the 
horse of the emperor1 yet the emperor   
rode back to us cool and fresh1 and     
clothed and on his horse4 ,and he       
said--,and the duke looked around on his
 guests4  ,what did he say8  ,he said   
that he was the emperor4  ,then the     
guests fell to talking and laughing1 and
 soon forgot the strange thing4 ,but the
 proud king lay in a dark prison1 far   
even from the servants of the duke4 ,he 
lay on straw1 and chains bound his feet4
  ,what is this that has come upon me8  
he said4 ,am ,i brought so low8 ,am ,i  
so changed that even the duke does not  

know me8 ,at least there is one who will
 know me1 let me wear what ,i may4      
,then1 by much labor1 he loosed the     
chains that bound him1 and fled in the  
night from the duke's prison4 ,when the 
morning came1 he stood at the door of   
his own palace4 ,he stood there awhile2 
perhaps some one would open the door and
 let him in4 ,but no one came1 and the  
proud king lifted his hand and knocked2 
he knocked at the door of his own       
palace4 ,the porter came at last and    
looked at him4  ,who are you8 he asked1 
and what do you want8  ,do you not know 
me8 cried the proud king4 ,i am your    
master4 ,i am the king4 ,i am the       
emperor4 ,let me pass2 and he would have
 thrust him aside4 ,but the porter was a
 strong man2 he stood in the doorway1   
and would not let the proud king enter4 
,you my master6 you the emperor6 poor   
fool1 look here6 and he held the proud  
king by the arm while he pointed to a   
hall beyond4 ,there sat the emperor on  
his throne1 and by his side was the     

queen4  ,let me go to her6 she will know
 me1 cried the proud king1 and he tried 
to break away from the porter4 ,the     
noise without was heard in the hall4    
,the nobles came out1 and last of all   
came the emperor and the queen4 ,when   
the proud king saw these two1 he could  
not speak4 ,he was choked with rage and 
fear1 and he knew not what4  ,you know  
me6 at last he cried4 ,i am your lord   
and husband4  ,the queen shrank back4   
,friends1 said the man who stood by her1
 what shall be done to this wretch8     
,kill him1 said one4  ,put out his eyes1
 said another4  ,beat him1 said a third4
  ,then they all hustled the proud king 
out of the palace court4 ,each one gave 
him a blow1 and so he was thrust out1   
and the door was shut behind him4  ,the 
proud king fled1 he knew not whither4   
,he wished he were dead4 ,by and by he  
came to the lake where he had bathed4   
,he sat down on the shore4 ,it was like 
a dream1 but he knew he was awake1 for  
he was cold and hungry and faint4 ,then 

he knelt on the ground and beat his     
breast1 and said3  ,i am no emperor4 ,i 
am no king4 ,i am a poor1 sinful man4   
,once ,i thought there was no one       
greater than ,i1 on earth or in heaven4 
,now ,i know that ,i am nothing1 and    
there is no one so poor and so mean4    
,god forgive me for my pride4  ,as he   
said this1 tears stood in his eyes4 ,he 
wiped them away and rose to his feet4   
,close by him he saw the clothes which  
he had once laid aside4 ,near at hand   
was his horse1 eating the soft grass4   
,the king put on his clothes2 he mounted
 his horse and rode to his palace4 ,as  
he drew near1 the door opened and       
servants came forth4 ,one held his      
horse2 another helped him dismount4 ,the
 porter bowed low4  ,i marvel ,i did not
 see thee pass out1 my lord1 he said4   
,the king entered1 and again saw the    
nobles in the great hall4 ,there stood  
the queen also1 and by her side was the 
man who called himself emperor4 ,but the
 queen and the nobles did not look at   

him2 they looked at the king1 and came  
forward to meet him4  ,this man also    
came forward1 but he was clad in shining
 white1 and not in the robes of the     
emperor4 ,the king bowed his head before
 him4  ,i am thy angel1 said the man4   
,thou wert proud1 and made thyself to be
 set on high4 ,therefore thou hast been 
brought low4 ,i have watched over thy   
kingdom4 ,now ,i give it back to thee1  
for thou art once again humble1 and the 
humble only are fit to rule4  ,then the 
angel disappeared4 ,no one else heard   
his voice1 and the nobles thought the   
king had bowed to them4 ,so the king    
once more sat on the throne1 and ruled  
wisely and humbly ever after4    #dac   
,eva ,march ,tappan 7#ahed--7 has       
compiled many         books for         
children1 including the popular         
collection in ten volumes called ,the   
,children's ,hour4 ,among her most      
delightful         books is ,robin      
,hood3 ,his ,book1 from which the       
following story is taken1 7by permission

 of the         publishers1 ,little1    
,brown  ,co41 ,boston74 ,some           
few moralists have been distressed about
 giving         stories of an outlaw to 
children1 but ,robin         ,hood was  
really the champion of the people       
against tyrannous oppression and        
injustice4         ,this is the fact    
that children never miss1 and           
the thing that endears ,robin and his   
followers         in ,lincoln green4    
,there is1 of course1 the               
further interesting fact that these     
stories         take place out in the   
open and have the charm         that    
comes from adventures and wanderings    
through the secrecies of ancient        
,sherwood         ,forest4 ,against this
 outdoor background are                 
displayed the good old virtues of       
courage1         forbearance1           
gentleness1 courtesy1 justice1 and      
championship4   ,,robin ,,and ,,the     
,,merry ,,little ,,old ,,woman  ,,eva   
,,march ,,tappan          ,monday ,i    

wash and ,tuesday ,i iron1              
,wednesday ,i cook and ,i mend2         
,thursday ,i brew and ,friday ,i sweep1 
,and baking day brings the end4  ,so    
sang the merry little old woman as she  
sat at her wheel and spun2 but when she 
came to the last line she really could  
not help pushing back the flax-wheel and
 springing to her feet4 ,then she held  
out her skirt and danced a gay little   
jig as she sang1--          ,hey down1  
down1 an a down6  ,she curtseyed to one 
side of the room and then to another1   
and before she knew it she was          
curtseying to a man who stood in the    
open door4  ,oh1 oh1 oh6 cried the merry
 little old woman4 ,whatever shall ,i   
do8 ,an old woman ought to sit and spin 
and not be dancing like a young girl4   
,oh1 but it's ,master ,robin6 ,glad am  
,i to set eyes on you1 ,master ,robin4  
,come in1 and ,i'll throw my best cloak 
over the little stool for a cushion4    
,don't be long standing on the          
threshold1 ,master ,robin4  ,it'll      

mayhap come to pass that ,i'll wish ,i  
had something to stand on1 said ,robin1 
grimly1 for the proud bishop is in the  
forest1 and he's after me with all his  
men4 ,it's night and day that he's been 
following me1 and now he's caught me    
surely4 ,you've no meal chest1 have you1
 and you've no press1 and you've no     
feather-bed that'll hide me8 ,there's   
but the one wee bit room1 and there's   
not even a mousehole4  ,the little      
woman's heart beat fast4 ,what could she
 do8  ,i mind me well of a ,saturday    
night1 said she1 when ,i'd but little   
firewood and it was bitter cold1 that   
you and your men brought me such fine   
logs as the great folks at the hall     
don't have2 and then you came in        
yourself and gave me a pair of shoon and
 some brand-new hosen1 all soft and fine
 and woolly--,i don't believe the king  
himself has such a pair--oh1 ,master    
,robin1 ,i've thought of something4     
,give me your mantle of green and your  
fine gray tunic1 and do you put on my   

kirtle and jacket and gown1 and tie my  
red and blue kerchief over your         
head--you gave it to me yourself1 you   
did2 it was on ,easter ,day in the      
morning--and do you sit down at the     
wheel and spin4 ,see1 you put your foot 
on the treadle so1 to turn the wheel1   
and you twist the flax with your fingers
 so4 ,don't you get up1 but just turn   
the wheel and grumble and mumble to     
yourself4  ,it was not long before the  
bishop and all his men came riding up to
 the little old woman's house4 ,the     
bishop thrust open the door and         
called3--  ,old woman1 what have you    
done with ,robin ,hood8 but ,robin sat  
grumbling and mumbling at the wheel and 
answered never a word to the proud      
bishop4  ,she's mayhap daft1 said one of
 the bishop's men4 ,we'll soon find him2
 and in a minute he had looked up the   
chimney and behind the dresser and under
 the wooden bedstead4 ,then he turned to
 the corner cupboard4  ,you're daft     
yourself1 said the bishop1 to look in   

that little place for a strong man like 
,robin4 ,and all the time the spinner at
 the wheel sat grumbling and mumbling4  
,it was a queer thread that was wound on
 the spool1 but no one thought of that4 
,it was ,robin that they wanted1 and    
they cared little what kind of thread an
 old woman in a cottage was a-spinning4 
,he's here1 your ,reverence1 called a   
man who had opened the lower door of the
 corner cupboard4  ,bring him out and   
set him on the horse1 ordered the       
bishop1 and see to it that you treat him
 like a wax candle in the church4 ,the  
king's bidden that the thief and outlaw 
be brought to him1 and ,i well know     
he'll hang the rogue on a gallows so    
high that it will show over the whole   
kingdom2 but he has given orders that no
 one shall have the reward if the rascal
 has but a bruise on his finger1 save   
that it came in a fair fight4  ,so the  
merry little old woman in ,robin's tunic
 and ,robin's green cloak was set gently
 on a milk-white steed4 ,the bishop     

himself mounted a dapple-gray1 and down 
the road they went4  ,it was the        
cheeriest party that one can imagine4   
,the bishop went laughing all the way   
for pure delight that he had caught     
,robin ,hood4 ,he told more stories than
 one could make up in an age of         
leap-years1 and they were all about     
where he went and what he did in the    
days before he became bishop4 ,the men  
were so happy at the thought of having  
the great reward the king had offered   
that they laughed at the bishop's       
stories louder than any one had ever    
laughed at them before4 ,and as for the 
merry little old woman1 she had the     
gayest time of all1 though she had to   
keep her face muffled in her hood1 and  
couldn't laugh aloud the least bit1 and 
couldn't jump down from the great white 
horse and dance the gay little jig that 
her feet were fairly aching to try4     
,while the merry little old woman was   
riding off with the bishop and his men1 
,robin sat at the flax-wheel and spun   

and spun till he could no longer hear   
the beat of the horses' hoofs on the    
hard ground4 ,no time had he to take off
 the kirtle and the jacket and the      
kerchief of red and blue1 for no one    
knew when the proud bishop might find   
out that he had the wrong prisoner1 and 
would come galloping back to the cottage
 on the border of the forest4  ,if ,i   
can only get to my good men and true6   
thought ,robin2 and he sprang up from   
the little flax-wheel with the distaff  
in his hand1 and ran out of the open    
door4  ,all the long day had ,robin been
 away from his bowmen1 and as the       
twilight time drew near1 they were more 
and more fearful of what might have     
befallen him4 ,they went to the edge of 
the forest1 and there they sat with     
troubled faces4  ,i've heard that the   
sheriff was seen but two days ago on the
 eastern side of the wood1 said ,much   
the miller's son4  ,and the proud       
bishop's not in his palace1 muttered    
,will ,scarlet4 ,where he's gone ,i know

 not1 but may the saints keep ,master   
,robin from meeting him4 ,he hates us   
men of the greenwood worse than the     
sheriff does1 and he'd hang any one of  
us to the nearest oak4  ,he'd not hang  
,master ,robin1 declared ,much the      
miller's son1 for the bishop likes good 
red gold1 and the king's offered a great
 reward for him alive and unhurt4 ,the  
others laughed1 but in a moment they    
were grave again1 and peered anxiously  
through the trees in one way and then in
 another1 while nearer came the         
twilight4  ,there are folks who say the 
forest is haunted1 said ,little ,john4  
,i never saw anything1 but one night    
when ,i was close to the little black   
pond that lies to the westward1 ,i heard
 a cry that wasn't from bird or beast2  
,i know that4  ,and didn't you see      
anything8 asked ,much the miller's son4 
,no1 answered ,little ,john1 but where  
there's a cry1 there's something to make
 the cry1 and it wasn't bird or beast2  
,i'm as sure of that as ,i am that my   

name is ,little ,john4  ,but it isn't1  
declared ,friar ,tuck4 ,you were        
christened ,john ,little4 ,no one       
smiled1 for they were too much troubled 
about ,robin4  ,when ,i was a youngster1
 said ,william ,scarlet1 ,i had an old  
nurse1 and she told me that a first     
cousin of hers knew a woman whose       
husband was going through the forest by 
night1 and he saw a witch carry a round 
bundle under her arm4 ,it was wrapped up
 in a brown kerchief2 and while he      
looked1 the wind blew the kerchief away1
 and he saw that the round bundle was a 
man's head4 ,the mouth of it opened and 
called1 ',help6 help6' ,he shot an arrow
 through the old witch1 and then he said
 to the head1 ',where do you want to go8
 ,whose head are you8' ,the head        
answered1 ',i'm your head1 and ,i want  
to go on your shoulders4' ,then he put  
up his hand1 and1 sure enough1 his own  
head was gone1 and there it lay on the  
ground beside the dead witch with the   
arrow sticking through her4 ,he took up 

the head and set it on his shoulders4   
,this was the story that he told when he
 came back in the morning1 but no one   
knew whether really to believe it all or
 not4 ,after that night he always       
carried his head a bit on one side1 and 
some said it was because he hadn't set  
it back quite straight3 but there are   
some folks that won't believe anything  
unless they see it themselves1 and they 
said he had had a drink or two more than
 he should and that he took cold in his 
neck from sleeping with his head on the 
wet moss4  ,everybody knows there are   
witches1 said ,will ,scarlet1 and folks 
say that wherever they may be through   
the day1 they run to the forest when the
 sun begins to sink1 and while they're  
running they can't say any magic words  
to hurt a man if he shoots them4        
,what's that8 whispered ,much the       
miller's son softly1 and he fitted an   
arrow to the string4  ,wait2 make a     
cross on it first1 said ,little ,john4  
,something was flitting over the little 

moor4 ,the soft gray mist hid the lower 
part of it1 but the men could see what  
looked like the upper part of a woman's 
body1 scurrying along through the fog in
 some mysterious fashion4 ,its arms were
 tossing wildly about1 and it seemed to 
be beckoning4 ,the head was covered with
 what might have been a kerchief1 but it
 was too dusky to see clearly4  ,don't  
shoot till it's nearer1 whispered       
,william ,scarlet4 ,they say if you hurt
 a witch and don't kill her outright1   
you'll go mad forever after4  ,nearer   
came the witch1 but still ,much the     
miller's son waited with his bow bent   
and the arrow aimed4 ,the witch ran     
under the low bough of a tree1 the      
kerchief was caught on a broken limb1   
and--  ,why1 it's ,master ,robin6       
shouted ,much the miller's son4 ,it's   
,master ,robin himself2 and so it was4  
,no time had he taken to throw off the  
gray kirtle and the black jacket and the
 blue and red kerchief about his head2  
for as soon as ever he could no longer  

hear the tramp of the horses's hoofs1 he
 had run with the distaff still in his  
hand to the shelter of the good         
greenwood and the help of his own       
faithful men and true4  ,meanwhile the  
bishop was still telling stories of what
 he did before he was a bishop1 and the 
men were laughing at them1 and the merry
 little old woman was having the gayest 
time of all1 even though she dared not  
laugh out loud4  ,now that the bishop   
had caught ,robin ,hood he had no fear  
of the greenwood rangers2 and as the    
forest road was much nearer than the    
highway1 down the forest road the happy 
company went4 ,the merry little old     
woman had sometimes sat on a pillion and
 ridden a farm beast from the plough2   
but to be on a great horse like this1   
one that held his head so high and      
stepped so carefully where it was rough1
 and galloped so lightly and easily     
where it was smooth--why1 she had never 
even dreamed of such a magnificent ride4
 ,not a word did she speak1 not even    

when the bishop began to tell her that  
no gallows would be high enough to hang 
such a wicked outlaw4 ,you've stolen    
gold from the knights1 said he1 you've  
stolen from the sheriff of ,nottingham1 
and you've even stolen from me4 ,glad am
 ,i to see ,robin ,hood--but what's     
that8 the bishop cried4 ,who are those  
men1 and who is their leader8 ,and who  
are you8 he demanded of the merry little
 old woman4  ,now the little woman had  
been taught to order herself lowly and  
reverently to all her betters1 so before
 she answered the bishop she slipped    
down from the tall white horse and made 
a deep curtsey to the great man4  ,if   
you please1 sir1 said she1 ,i think it's
 ,robin ,hood and his men4  ,and who are
 you8 he demanded again4  ,oh1 ,i'm     
nobody but a little old woman that lives
 in a cottage alone and spins1 and then 
she sang in a lightsome little chirrup  
of a voice3--          ,monday ,i wash  
and ,tuesday ,i iron1                   
,wednesday ,i cook and ,i mend2         

,thursday ,i brew and ,friday ,i sweep1 
,and baking day brings the end4  ,i fear
 that the bishop did not hear the little
 song1 for the arrows were flying thick 
and fast4 ,the little old woman slipped 
behind a big tree1 and there she danced 
her          ,hey down1 down1 an a down6
  to her heart's content1 while the     
fighting went on4  ,it was not long     
before the great bishop was ,robin's    
prisoner1 and ere he could go free1 he  
had to open his strong leather wallet   
and count out more gold than the moon   
had shone on in the forest for many and 
many a night4 ,he laid down the         
goldpieces one by one1 and at every     
piece he gave a groan that seemed to    
come from the very bottom of his boots4 
,that's for all the world like the cry  
,i heard from the little black pond to  
the westward1 said ,little ,john4 ,it   
wasn't like bird and it wasn't like     
beast1 and now ,i know what it was2 it  
was the soul of a stingy man1 and he had
 to count over and over the money that  

he ought to have given away when he was 
alive4  ,as for the merry little old    
woman1 she was a prisoner too1 and such 
a time as she had6 ,first there was a   
bigger feast than she had ever dreamed  
of before1 and every man of ,robin's    
followers was bound that she should eat 
the bit that he thought was nicest4     
,they made her a little throne of soft  
green moss1 and on it they laid their   
hunting cloaks4 ,they built a shelter of
 fresh boughs over her head1 and then   
they sang songs to her4 ,they set up    
great torches all round about the glade4
 ,they wrestled and they vaulted and    
they climbed4 ,they played every game   
that could be played by torchlight1 and 
it was all to please the kind little    
woman who had saved the life of their   
master4  ,the merry little woman sat and
 clapped her hands at all their feats1  
and she laughed until she cried4 ,then  
she wiped her eyes and sang them her one
 little song4  ,the men shouted and     
cheered1 and cheered and shouted1 and   

the woods echoed so long and so loud    
that one would have thought they1 too1  
were trying to shout4  ,by and by the   
company all set out together to carry   
the little old woman to her cottage4    
,she was put upon their very best and   
safest horse1 and ,robin ,hood would    
have none lead it but himself4 ,after   
the horse came a long line of good      
bowmen and true4 ,one carried a new     
cloak of the finest wool4 ,another bore 
a whole armful of silken kerchiefs to   
make up for the one that ,robin had worn
 away4 ,there were shoon and hosen1 and 
there was cloth of scarlet and of blue1 
and there were soft1 warm blankets for  
her bed4 ,there were so many things that
 when they were all piled up in the     
little cottage1 there was no chance for 
one tenth of the men to get into the    
room4 ,those that were outside pushed up
 to the window and stretched their heads
 in at the door3 and they tried their   
best to pile up the great heap of things
 so she could have room to go to bed    

that night and to cook her breakfast in 
the morning4  ,and to-morrow's sweeping 
day1 cried ,robin4 ',thursday ,i brew   
and ,friday ,i sweep1' and how'll she   
sweep if she has no floor8  ,we'll have 
to make her a floor1 declared ,friar    
,tuck4  ,so we will1 said ,robin4       
,there's a good man not far away who can
 work in wood1 and he shall come in the 
morning and build her another room4     
,oh1 oh6 cried the merry little old     
woman with delight1 ,i never thought ,i 
should have a house with two rooms2 but 
,i'll always care for this room the     
most1 for there's just where ,master    
,robin stood when he came in at the     
door1 and there's where he sat when he  
was spinning the flax4 ,but1 ,master    
,robin1 ,master ,robin1 did any one ever
 see such a thread as you've left on the
 spool6  ,it was so funny that the merry
 little old woman really couldn't help  
jumping up and dancing4          ,hey   
down1 down1 an a down6  ,and then the   
brave men and true all said good-night  

and went back to the forest4    #dad    
,all attempts to prove the historical   
existence         of ,robin ,hood have  
been unsuccessful4 ,his story           
has come down to us in a group of old   
folk         ballads1 about forty in    
number1 dating from         about the   
beginning of the fifteenth century4     
,one of these old ballads is given      
below4 ,they         were sung to a     
recurrent melody1 which was as          
much a part of them as the words of the 
story4         ,other ballads in the    
group that are likely to         be very
 interesting to children are ,robin     
,hood         and ,little ,john1 ,robin 
,hood and ,maid ,marian1         ,robin 
,hood ,rescuing the ,three ,squires1    
,robin         ,hood's ,death and       
,burial4 ,the best source for           
these ballads is ,child's ,english and  
,scottish         ,popular ,ballads 7ed4
 ,sargent and ,kittredge74              
,tennyson dramatized the ,robin ,hood   
story in         ,the ,foresters1 as did

 ,alfred ,noyes in         ,sherwood4   
,reginald ,de ,koven made a very        
successful comic opera out of it1 while 
,thomas         ,love ,peacock's ,maid  
,marian is an interesting               
novelization of the theme4              
,,allen-,a-,,dale          ,come listen 
to me1 you gallants so free1            
,all you that love mirth for to hear1   
,and ,i will tell you of a bold outlaw1 
,that lived in ,nottinghamshire4        
,as ,robin ,hood in the forest stood1   
,all under the greenwood tree1          
,there was he ware of a brave young man1
           ,as fine as fine might be4   
,the youngster was clothed in scarlet   
red1           ,in scarlet fine and gay1
         ,and he did frisk it over the  
plain1           ,and chanted a         
roundelay4          ,as ,robin ,hood    
next morning stood1           ,amongst  
the leaves so gay1         ,there did he
 spy the same young man           ,come 
drooping along the way4          ,the   
scarlet he wore the day before1         

,it was clean cast away2         ,and   
every step he fetched a sigh1           
,alack6 and well-a-day6          ,then  
stepped forth brave ,little ,john4      
,and ,nick1 the miller's son1           
,which made the young man bend his bow1 
,when as he saw them come4              
,stand off6 stand off6 the young man    
said2           ,what is your will with 
me8         ,you must come before our   
master straight1           ,under yon   
greenwood tree4          ,and when he   
came bold ,robin before1                
,robin asked him courteously1         ,o
 hast thou any money to spare           
,for my merry men and me8          ,i   
have no money1 the young man said1      
,but five shillings and a ring2         
,and that ,i have kept this seven long  
years1           ,to have it at my      
wedding4          ,yesterday ,i should  
have married a maid1           ,but she 
is now from me ta'en1         ,and      
chosen to be an old knight's delight1   
,whereby my poor heart is slain4        

,what is thy name8 then said ,robin     
,hood2           ,come tell me without  
any fail4         ,by the faith of my   
body1 then said the young man1          
,my name it is ,allen-a-,dale4          
,what wilt thou give me1 said ,robin    
,hood1           ,in ready gold or fee1 
,to help thee to thy truelove again1    
,and deliver her unto thee8          ,i 
have no money1 then quoth the young man1
           ,no ready gold nor fee1      
,but ,i will swear upon a book          
,thy true servant for to be4            
,how many miles is it to thy truelove8  
,come tell me without any guile3        
,by the faith of my body1 then said the 
young man1           ,it is but five    
little mile4          ,then ,robin he   
hasted over the plain1           ,he did
 neither stint nor lin1         ,until  
he came unto the church           ,where
 ,allen should keep his wedding4        
,what dost thou here8 the bishop he     
said1           ,i prithee now tell to  
me         ,i am a bold harper1 quoth   

,robin ,hood1           ,and the best in
 the north country4          ,o welcome1
 ,o welcome1 the bishop he said4        
,that music best pleaseth me4           
,you shall have no music1 quoth ,robin  
,hood1           ,till the bride and    
bridegroom ,i see4          ,with that  
came in a wealthy knight1               
,which was both grave and old1          
,and after him a finikin lass1          
,did shine like glistering gold4        
,this is no fit match1 quoth bold ,robin
 ,hood1           ,that you do seem to  
make here2         ,for since we are    
come unto the church1           ,the    
bride she shall choose her own dear4    
,then ,robin ,hood put his horn to his  
mouth1           ,and blew blasts two or
 three2         ,when four and twenty   
bowmen bold           ,came leaping over
 the lea4          ,and when they came  
into the churchyard1           ,marching
 all in a row1         ,the first man   
was ,allen-a-,dale1           ,to give  
bold ,robin his bow4          ,this is  

thy truelove1 ,robin he said1           
,young ,allen1 as ,i hear say2          
,and you shall be married at this same  
time1           ,before we depart away4 
,that shall not be1 the bishop he said1 
,for thy word shall not stand2          
,they shall be three times asked in the 
church1           ,as the law is of our 
land4          ,robin ,hood pulled off  
the bishop's coat1           ,and put it
 upon ,little ,john2         ,by the    
faith of my body1 then ,robin said1     
,this cloth doth make thee a man4       
,when ,little ,john went into the choir1
           ,the people began for to     
laugh2         ,he asked them seven     
times in the church1           ,lest    
three times should not be enough4       
,who gives me this maid8 then said      
,little ,john2           ,quoth ,robin1 
,that do ,i1         ,and he that doth  
take her from ,allen-a-,dale            
,full dearly he shall her buy4          
,and thus having ended this merry       
wedding1           ,the bride looked as 

fresh as a queen1         ,and so they  
returned to the merry greenwood1        
,amongst the leaves so green4           
,,section ,,xi  ,,biography ,,and ,,hero
 ,,stories     ,,bibliography           
,abbott1 ,j4 ,s4 ,c41 ,christopher      
,carson4 ,david ,crockett4    ,antin1   
,mary1 ,the ,promised ,land4            
,baldwin1 ,james1 ,four ,great          
,americans4 ,washington1 ,franklin1     
,webster1 ,lincoln4 ,an ,american ,book 
of ,golden ,deeds4    ,bolton1 ,sarah   
,k41 ,lives of ,girls ,who ,became      
,famous4 ,lives of       ,poor ,boys    
,who ,became ,famous4    ,boutet de     
,monvel1 ,louis ,maurice1 ,joan of ,arc4
    ,brooks1 ,elbridge ,s41 ,true ,story
 of ,christopher ,columbus4    ,cody1   
,col4 ,w4 ,f41 ,adventures of ,buffalo  
,bill4    ,franklin1 ,benjamin1         
,autobiography4    ,golding1 ,v41 ,story
 of ,david ,livingston4    ,gould1 ,f4  
,j41 ,the ,children's ,plutarch4 #b     
vols41 one of ,greeks1       the other  
of ,romans4    ,hathaway1 ,esse ,v41    

,napoleon1 the ,little ,corsican4       
,hughes1 ,thomas1 ,alfred the ,great4   
,jefferson1 ,joseph1 ,autobiography4    
,jenks1 ,tudor1 ,captain ,john ,smith4  
,keller1 ,helen1 ,the ,story of ,my     
,life4    ,larcom1 ,lucy1 ,a ,new       
,england ,girlhood4    ,mabie1 ,hamilton
 ,w41 ,heroines ,every ,child ,should   
,know4    ,moores1 ,charles ,w41 ,life  
of ,abraham ,lincoln for ,boys and      
,girls4    ,muir1 ,john1 ,story of ,my  
,boyhood and ,youth4    ,nicolay1       
,helen1 ,boy's ,life of ,abraham        
,lincoln4    ,page1 ,thomas ,nelson1    
,robert ,e4 ,lee3 ,man and ,soldier4    
,paine1 ,albert ,bigelow1 ,boy's ,life  
of ,mark ,twain4    ,quiller-,couch1    
,sir ,arthur1 ,roll ,call of ,honor4    
,bolivar1 ,john       ,brown1 ,abraham  
,lincoln1 ,garibaldi1 ,david            
,livingston1 ,florence                  
,nightingale1 ,pasteur1 ,gordon1 ,father
 ,damien4    ,richards1 ,laura ,e41     
,florence ,nightingale4    ,riis1       
,jacob1 ,making of an ,american4        

,roosevelt1 ,theodore1 and ,lodge1      
,henry ,cabot1 ,hero ,tales from        
,american ,history4    ,scudder1 ,horace
 ,e41 ,george ,washington4    ,shaw1    
,anna ,howard1 ,the ,story of a         
,pioneer4    ,tarbell1 ,ida ,m41 ,life  
of ,abraham ,lincoln4    ,thwaites1     
,reuben ,g41 ,daniel ,boone4            
,washington1 ,booker ,t41 ,up from      
,slavery4    ,white1 ,john ,s41 ,boys'  
and ,girls' ,plutarch4 ,preserves       
parallel       arrangement4    ,yonge1  
,charlotte ,m41 ,a ,book of ,golden     
,deeds4     ,,section ,,xi4 ,,biography 
,,and ,,hero ,,stories  ,,introductory  
,biography and its value4 ,the great    
charm of biography for both young and   
old is in its perfect concreteness4     
,nothing fascinates like the story of a 
real person at grips with realities4    
,nothing inspires like the story of a   
hard-won victory over difficulties4     
,here are instances of men and women1   
our own kindred1 facing great crises in 
the physical or moral realm with the    

calm courage and the clear mind of which
 we have dreamed4 ,here are others who  
have fought the brave fight in          
opposition to the stupidities and       
long-entrenched prejudices of their     
fellows4 ,here are still others who have
 wrested from nature her innermost      
secrets1 who have won for us immunity   
against lurking diseases and dangers1   
who have labored successfully against   
great odds to make life more safe1 more 
comfortable1 or more beautiful4 ,all    
these records of real accomplishment    
appeal to the youthful spirit of        
emulation1 and there can be no stronger 
inspiration in facing the unsolved      
problems of the future4 ,what men have  
done men can still do4  ,the material   
and its presentation4 ,most teachers    
will find the biographical or historical
 story easier to handle than the        
imaginative story1 because there is a   
definite outline of fact from which to  
work4 ,only those life stories with     
which the teacher is in sympathy can be 

handled satisfactorily4 ,for that reason
 no definite list of suitable material  
is worth much1 except as illustrating   
the wide range of choice4 ,keeping these
 limitations in mind1 we may venture a  
few practical hints3          #a4 ,there
 is a large list of heroic figures      
hovering on the border line between     
reality and         legend of whose     
stories children never tire4 ,in        
such a list are the names of ,leonidas1 
who held         the pass at            
,thermopylae1 ,william ,tell and        
,arnold von ,winkelried1 favorite heroes
 of         ,switzerland1 ,robert ,bruce
 of ,scotland1 and that         pair of 
immortally faithful friends1 ,damon and 
,pythias4          #b4 ,with ,marco     
,polo we may visit the wonderlands      
of the ,east1 we may go with ,captain   
,cook         through the islands of the
 southern seas1 with         ,stanley   
through darkest ,africa1 with the brave 
,scott in his tragic dash for the ,south
 ,pole4         ,best of all1 perhaps1  

we may1 with ,columbus1         discover
 another ,america4          #c4 ,how    
,elihu ,burritt became the learned      
blacksmith1 how ,hugh ,miller brought   
himself to         be an authority on   
the old red sandstone1 are              
always inspiring stories to the         
ambitious         student4 ,and in any  
list of achievements by         those   
bound in by untoward circumstance must  
be         placed that of ,booker ,t4   
,washington as told by         himself  
in ,up from ,slavery4          #d4 ,from
 our earlier history we may draw upon   
such lives as those of ,franklin1       
,washington1         and ,patrick       
,henry4 ,there are numberless           
stirring episodes from the careers of   
,francis         ,marion1 ,israel       
,putnam1 ,nathan ,hale1 and others      
that will occur to any reader of our    
history4         ,lincoln's life history
 offers an almost         inexhaustible 
treasure4 ,grant1 grimly silent         
and persevering1 and ,lee1 kindly       

gentleman and         military genius1  
belong in any course that               
stresses our national achievements4     
#e4 ,stories of men who have mastered   
the secrets         of the forces of    
nature never fail of interest4          
,stephenson and the locomotive engine1  
,sir         ,humphry ,davy and the     
safety lamp1 ,whitney and         the   
cotton gin1 ,marconi and the wonders of 
wireless communication1 the ,wright     
brothers and         the airplane1      
,edison and the incandescant light      
and the motion picture1 ,luther ,burbank
 and his         marvelous work with    
plants--these are only a         few to 
place near the head of any list4        
#f4 ,especially interesting for work in 
the         grades are the stories of   
the pioneer and         plainsman days1 
of ,kit ,carson1 ,davy ,crockett1       
,daniel ,boone1 and ,buffalo ,bill4     
#g4 ,we must not neglect stories of     
achievement         by those who have   
been handicapped by great               

physical disability1 such as are found  
in the         careers of ,henry        
,fawcett1 the blind statesman         of
 ,england1 and of our own ,helen        
,keller1 whose         ,story of ,my    
,life has become a classic source       
of material4          #h4 ,the life of  
,joan of ,arc has long been a           
supreme favorite for biographical story4
 ,its         simple directness1 its    
fiery patriotism1 its         pathetic  
and tragic close1 give it all the       
force of some great consciously designed
         masterpiece4 ,the events of    
such a life can be         arranged in a
 series or cycle of stories4 ,of        
very different type1 but of almost      
equally         strong appeal1 is the   
story of the work of         ,florence  
,nightingale1 whose efforts among the   
,british soldiers in the terrible scenes
 of the         ,crimean ,war set in    
motion those humanitarian               
enterprises so splendidly exemplified in
 the         work of the ,red ,cross    

organizations4          #i4 ,finally1 no
 teacher should fail to make use        
of many modern careers that impress upon
         children the devotion of lives 
spent in         bettering the          
conditions under which people           
live4 ,among some of these may be       
mentioned         ,colonel ,george ,e4  
,waring1 the sanitary engineer          
who really cleaned the streets of ,new  
,york2         ,general ,w4 ,c4 ,gorgas1
 who led in the conquest         of the 
great yellow fever plague2 ,dr4 ,wilfred
         ,grenfell1 still spending his  
life for the         natives of bleak   
,labrador2 and the famous               
,french scientist1 ,louis ,pasteur1 who 
found out         for us how to preserve
 milk and how to escape         the     
dread hydrophobia4 ,such careers devoted
 to         ameliorating the evils      
incident to civilization         are of 
great value in stirring into active     
existence the latent spirit of service  
in every         pupil4          #aj4   

,wide-awake teachers will constantly    
find in         the periodicals of the  
day many episodes of         achievement
 by men and women working in various    
fields of helpfulness4 ,such present-day
         accomplishments should be      
emphasized4 ,we live         in the     
present1 and the duties and             
opportunities of the present are to     
furnish the         inspirations and    
indicate the fields of         possible 
achievement for us4   ,,suggestions     
,,for ,,reading          ,for a very    
practical discussion of biographical    
stories see ,lyman1 ,story ,telling1    
chap4 v4         ,the great classic     
sources of inspiration on the           
subject are ,carlyle1 ,heroes and ,hero 
,worship1         and ,emerson1         
,representative ,men4 ,of special       
value is the opening chapter in the     
latter         book1 ,uses of ,great    
,men4    #dae          ,elbridge ,s4    
,brooks 7#ahdf-aijb7 was a well-known   
,american writer of juvenile books on   

history1         government1 and        
biography4 ,his ,true ,story of         
,christopher ,columbus1 from which the  
following         selection was taken1  
is a well-written book         that     
pupils in the fifth and sixth grades    
read         with pleasure4 ,the        
,century ,book for ,young               
,americans is a story of our government4
 ,other         books by the same author
 are ,the ,true ,story of               
,george ,washington1 ,the ,true ,story  
of         ,lafayette1 and ,the ,true   
,story of ,u4 ,s4         ,grant4 7,how 
,columbus ,got ,his ,ships is used      
here by permission of the publishers1   
,lothrop1         ,lee  ,shepard ,co41  
,boston47   ,,how ,,columbus ,,got ,,his
 ,,ships  ,,elbridge ,s4 ,,brooks  ,when
 ,columbus was at school he had studied 
about a certain man named ,pythagoras1  
who had lived in ,greece thousands of   
years before he was born1 and who had   
said that the earth was round like a    
ball or an orange4 ,as ,columbus grew   

older and made maps and studied the sea1
 and read books and listened to what    
other people said1 he began to believe  
that this man named ,pythagoras might be
 right1 and that the earth was round1   
though everybody declared it was flat4  
,if it is round1 he said to himself1    
what is the use of trying to sail around
 ,africa to get to ,cathay8 ,why not    
just sail west from ,italy or ,spain and
 keep going right around the world until
 you strike ,cathay8 ,i believe it could
 be done1 said ,columbus4  ,by this time
 ,columbus was a man4 ,he was thirty    
years old and was a great sailor4 ,he   
had been captain of a number of vessels2
 he had sailed north and south and east2
 he knew all about a ship and all about 
the sea4 ,but1 though he was a good     
sailor1 when he said that he believed   
the earth was round1 everybody laughed  
at him and said that he was crazy4 ,why1
 how can the earth be round8 they cried4
 ,the water would all spill out if it   
were1 and the men who live on the other 

side would all be standing on their     
heads with their feet waving in the air4
 ,and then they laughed all the harder4 
,but ,columbus did not think it was     
anything to laugh at4 ,he believed it so
 strongly and felt so sure that he was  
right1 that he set to work to find some 
king or prince or great lord to let him 
have ships and sailors and money enough 
to try to find a way to ,cathay by      
sailing out into the ,west and across   
the ,atlantic ,ocean4  ,now this        
,atlantic ,ocean1 the western waves of  
which break upon our rocks and beaches1 
was thought in ,columbus's day to be a  
dreadful place4 ,people called it the   
,sea of ,darkness1 because they did not 
know what was on the other side of it1  
or what dangers lay beyond that distant 
blue rim where the sky and water seem to
 meet1 and which we call the horizon4   
,they thought the ocean stretched to the
 end of a flat world1 straight away to a
 sort of jumping-off place1 and that in 
this jumping-off place were giants and  

goblins and dragons and monsters and all
 sorts of terrible things that would    
catch the ships and destroy them and the
 sailors4  ,so when ,columbus said that 
he wanted to sail away toward this      
dreadful jumping-off place1 the people  
said that he was worse than crazy4 ,they
 said he was a wicked man and ought to  
be punished4  ,but they could not       
frighten ,columbus4 ,he kept on trying4 
,he went from place to place trying to  
get the ships and sailors he wanted and 
was bound to have4 ,as you will see     
later1 he tried to get help wherever he 
thought it could be had4 ,he asked the  
people of his own home1 the city of     
,genoa1 where he had lived and played   
when a boy2 he asked the people of the  
beautiful city that is built in the     
sea--,venice2 he tried the king of      
,portugal1 the king of ,england1 the    
king of ,france1 the king and queen of  
,spain4 ,but for a long time nobody     
cared to listen to such a wild and      
foolish and dangerous plan--to go to    

,cathay by the way of the ,sea of       
,darkness and the jumping-off place4    
,you would never get there alive1 they  
said4  ,and so ,columbus waited4 ,and   
his hair grew white while he waited1    
though he was not yet an old man4 ,he   
had thought and worked and hoped so much
 that he began to look like an old man  
when he was forty years old4 ,but still 
he would never say that perhaps he was  
wrong1 after all4 ,he said he knew he   
was right1 and that some day he should  
find the ,indies and sail to ,cathay4   
,i do not wish you to think that        
,columbus was the first man to say that 
the earth was round1 or the first to    
sail to the ,west over the ,atlantic    
,ocean4 ,he was not4 ,other men had said
 that they believed the earth was round2
 other men had sailed out into the      
,atlantic ,ocean4 ,but no sailor who    
believed the earth was round had ever   
tried to prove that it was by crossing  
the ,atlantic4 ,so1 you see1 ,columbus  
was really the first man to say1 ,i     

believe the earth is round and ,i will  
show you that it is by sailing to the   
lands that are on the other side of the 
earth4  ,he even figured out how far it 
was around the world4 ,your geography1  
you know1 tells you now that what is    
called the circumference of the         
earth--that is1 a straight line drawn   
right around it--is nearly twenty-five  
thousand miles4 ,columbus had figured it
 up pretty carefully and he thought it  
was about twenty thousand miles4 ,if ,i 
could start from ,genoa1 he said1 and   
walk straight ahead until ,i got back to
 ,genoa again1 ,i should walk about     
twenty thousand miles4 ,cathay1 he      
thought1 would take up so much land on  
the other side of the world that1 if he 
went west instead of east1 he would only
 need to sail about twenty-five hundred 
or three thousand miles4  ,if you have  
studied your geography carefully you    
will see what a mistake he made4  ,it is
 really about twelve thousand miles from
 ,spain to ,china 7or ,cathay as he     

called it74 ,but ,america is just about 
three thousand miles from ,spain1 and if
 you read all this story you will see   
how ,columbus's mistake really helped   
him to discover ,america4  ,i have told 
you that ,columbus had a longing to do  
something great from the time when1 as a
 little boy1 he had hung around the     
wharves in ,genoa and looked at the     
ships sailing east and west and talked  
with the sailors and wished that he     
could go to sea4 ,perhaps what he had   
learned at school--how some men said    
that the earth was round--and what he   
had learned on the wharves about the    
wonders of ,cathay set him to thinking  
and dreaming that it might be possible  
for a ship to sail around the world     
without falling off4 ,at any rate1 he   
kept on thinking and dreaming and       
longing until1 at last1 he began doing4 
,some of the sailors sent out by ,prince
 ,henry of ,portugal1 of whom ,i have   
told you1 in their trying to sail around
 ,africa discovered two groups of       

islands out in the ,atlantic that they  
called the ,azores1 or ,isles of ,hawks1
 and the ,canaries1 or ,isles of ,dogs4 
,when ,columbus was in ,portugal in     
#adgj he became acquainted with a young 
woman whose name was ,philippa          
,perestrelo4 ,in #adgc he married her4  
,now ,philippa's father1 before his     
death1 had been governor of ,porto      
,santo1 one of the ,azores1 and         
,columbus and his wife went off there to
 live4 ,in the governor's house         
,columbus found a lot of charts and maps
 that told him about parts of the ocean 
that he had never before seen1 and made 
him feel certain that he was right in   
saying that if he sailed away to the    
,west he should find ,cathay4  ,at that 
time there was an old man who lived in  
,florence1 a city of ,italy4 ,his name  
was ,toscanelli4 ,he was a great scholar
 and studied the stars and made maps1   
and was a very wise man4 ,columbus knew 
what a wise old scholar ,toscanelli was1
 for ,florence is not very far from     

,genoa4 ,so while he was living in the  
,azores he wrote to this old scholar    
asking him what he thought about his    
idea that a man could sail around the   
world until he reached the land called  
the ,indies and at last found ,cathay4  
,toscanelli wrote to ,columbus saying   
that he believed his idea was the right 
one1 and he said it would be a grand    
thing to do1 if ,columbus dared to try  
it4 ,perhaps1 he said1 you can find all 
those splendid things that ,i know are  
in ,cathay--the great cities with marble
 bridges1 the houses of marble covered  
with gold1 the jewels and the spices and
 the precious stones1 and all the other 
wonderful and magnificent things4 ,i do 
not wonder you wish to try1 he said1 for
 if you find ,cathay it will be a       
wonderful thing for you and for         
,portugal4  ,that settled it with       
,columbus4 ,if this wise old scholar    
said he was right1 he must be right4 ,so
 he left his home in the ,azores and    
went to ,portugal4 ,this was in #adge1  

and from that time on1 for seventeen    
long years he was trying to get some    
king or prince to help him sail to the  
,west to find ,cathay4  ,but not one of 
the people who could have helped him1 if
 they had really wished to1 believed in 
,columbus4 ,as ,i told you1 they said   
that he was crazy4 ,the king of         
,portugal1 whose name was ,john1 did a  
very unkind thing--,i am sure you would 
call it a mean trick4 ,columbus had gone
 to him with his story and asked for    
ships and sailors4 ,the king and his    
chief men refused to help him2 but ,king
 ,john said to himself1 ,perhaps there  
is something in this worth looking after
 and1 if so1 perhaps ,i can have my own 
people find ,cathay and save the money  
that ,columbus will want to keep for    
himself as his share of what he finds4  
,so one day he copied off the sailing   
directions that ,columbus had left with 
him1 and gave them to one of his own    
captains without letting ,columbus know 
anything about it4 ,the ,portuguese     

captain sailed away to the ,west in the 
direction ,columbus had marked down1 but
 a great storm came up and so frightened
 the sailors that they turned around in 
a hurry4 ,then they hunted up ,columbus 
and began to abuse him for getting them 
into such a scrape4 ,you might as well  
expect to find land in the sky1 they    
said1 as in those terrible waters4  ,and
 when1 in this way1 ,columbus found out 
that ,king ,john had tried to use his   
ideas without letting him know anything 
about it1 he was very angry4 ,his wife  
had died in the midst of this mean trick
 of the ,portuguese king1 and so1 taking
 with him his little five-year-old son1 
,diego1 he left ,portugal secretly and  
went over into ,spain4  ,near the little
 town of ,palos1 in western ,spain1 is a
 green hill looking out toward the      
,atlantic4 ,upon this hill stands an old
 building that1 four hundred years ago1 
was used as a convent or home for       
priests4 ,it was called the ,convent of 
,rabida1 and the priest at the head of  

it was named the ,friar ,juan ,perez4   
,one autumn day1 in the year #adhd1     
,friar ,juan ,perez saw a dusty traveler
 with a little boy talking with the     
gate-keeper of the convent4 ,the        
stranger was so tall and fine-looking1  
and seemed such an interesting man1 that
 ,friar ,juan went out and began to talk
 with him4 ,this man was ,columbus4  ,as
 they talked1 the priest grew more and  
more interested in what ,columbus said4 
,he invited him into the convent to stay
 for a few days1 and he asked some other
 people--the doctors of ,palos and some 
of the sea captains and sailors of the  
town--to come and talk with this        
stranger who had such a singular idea   
about sailing across the ,atlantic4  ,it
 ended in ,columbus's staying some      
months in ,palos1 waiting for a chance  
to go and see the king and queen4 ,at   
last1 in #adhe1 he set out for the      
,spanish court with a letter to a priest
 who was a friend of ,friar ,juan's1 and
 who could help him to see the king and 

queen4  ,at that time the king and queen
 of ,spain were fighting to drive out of
 ,spain the people called the ,moors4   
,these people came from ,africa1 but    
they had lived in ,spain for many years 
and had once been a very rich and       
powerful nation4 ,they were not         
,spaniards2 they were not ,christians4  
,so all ,spaniards and all ,christians  
hated them and tried to drive them out  
of ,europe4  ,the king and queen of     
,spain who were fighting the ,moors were
 named ,ferdinand and ,isabella4 ,they  
were pretty good people as kings and    
queens went in those days1 but they did 
a great many very cruel and very mean   
things1 just as the kings and queens of 
those days were apt to do4 ,i am afraid 
we should not think they were very nice 
people nowadays4 ,we certainly should   
not wish our ,american boys and girls to
 look up to them as good and true and   
noble4  ,when ,columbus first came to   
them1 they were with the army in the    
camp near the city of ,cordova4 ,the    

king and queen had no time to listen to 
what they thought were crazy plans1 and 
poor ,columbus could get no one to talk 
with him who could be of any help4 ,so  
he was obliged to go back to drawing    
maps and selling books to make enough   
money to support himself and his little 
,diego4  ,but at last1 through the      
friend of good ,friar ,juan ,perez of   
,rabida1 who was a priest at the court1 
and named ,talavera1 and to whom he had 
a letter of introduction1 ,columbus     
found a chance to talk over his plans   
with a number of priests and scholars in
 the city of ,salamanca where there was 
a famous college and many learned men4  
,columbus told his story4 ,he said what 
he wished to do1 and asked these learned
 men to say a good word for him to      
,ferdinand and ,isabella so that he     
could have the ships and sailors to sail
 to ,cathay4 ,but it was of no use4     
,what6 sail away around the world8 those
 wise men cried in horror4 ,why1 you are
 crazy6 ,the world is not round2 it is  

flat4 ,your ships would tumble off the  
edge of the world and all the king's    
money and all the king's men would be   
lost4 ,no1 no2 go away2 you must not    
trouble the queen or even mention such a
 ridiculous thing again4  ,so the most  
of them said4 ,but one or two thought it
 might be worth trying4 ,cathay was a   
very rich country1 and if this foolish  
fellow were willing to run the risk and 
did succeed1 it would be a good thing   
for ,spain1 as the king and queen would 
need a great deal of money after the war
 with the ,moors was over4 ,at any rate1
 it was a chance worth thinking about4  
,and so1 although ,columbus was         
dreadfully disappointed1 he thought that
 if he had only a few friends at ,court 
who were ready to say a good word for   
him he must not give up1 but must try1  
try again4 ,and so he stayed in ,spain4 
,when you wish very much to do a certain
 thing1 it is dreadfully hard to be     
patient3 it is harder still to have to  
wait4 ,columbus had to do both4 ,the    

wars against the ,moors were of much    
greater interest to the king and queen  
of ,spain than was the finding of a new 
and very uncertain way to get to        
,cathay4 ,if it had not been for the    
patience and what we call the           
persistence of ,columbus1 ,america would
 never have been discovered--at least   
not in his time4  ,he stayed in ,spain4 
,he grew poorer and poorer4 ,he was     
almost friendless4 ,it seemed as if his 
great enterprise must be given up4 ,but 
he never lost hope4 ,he never stopped   
trying4 ,even when he failed1 he kept on
 hoping and kept on trying4 ,he felt    
certain that sometime he should succeed4
  ,as we have seen1 he tried to interest
 the rulers of different countries1 but 
without success4 ,he tried to get help  
from his old home-town of ,genoa and    
failed2 he tried ,portugal and failed2  
he tried the ,republic of ,venice and   
failed2 he tried the king and queen of  
,spain and failed2 he tried some of the 
richest and most powerful of the nobles 

of ,spain and failed2 he tried the king 
of ,england 7whom he got his brother1   
,bartholomew ,columbus1 to see7 and     
failed4 ,there was still left the king  
of ,france4 ,he would make one last     
attempt to win the king and queen of    
,spain to his side and if he failed with
 them he would try the last of the      
rulers of ,western ,europe1 the king of 
,france4  ,he followed the king and     
queen of ,spain as they went from place 
to place fighting the ,moors4 ,he hoped 
that some day1 when they wished to think
 of something besides fighting1 they    
might think of him and the gold and     
jewels and spices of ,cathay4  ,the days
 grew into months1 the months into      
years1 and still the war against the    
,moors kept on2 and still ,columbus     
waited for the chance that did not come4
 ,people grew to know him as the crazy  
explorer as they met him in the streets 
or on the church steps of ,seville or   
,cordova1 and even ragged little boys of
 the town1 sharp-eyed and shrill-voiced 

as such ragged little urchins are1 would
 run after this big man with the        
streaming white hair and the tattered   
cloak1 calling him names or tapping     
their brown little foreheads with their 
dirty fingers to show that even they    
knew that he was as crazy as a loon4    
,at last he decided to make one more    
attempt before giving it up in ,spain4  
,his money was gone2 his friends were   
few2 but he remembered his acquaintances
 at ,palos and so he journeyed back to  
see once more his good friend ,friar    
,juan ,perez at the ,convent of ,rabida 
on the hill that looked out upon the    
,atlantic he was so anxious to cross4   
,it was in the month of ,november1      
#adia1 that he went back to the ,convent
 of ,rabida4 ,if he could not get any   
encouragement there1 he was determined  
to stay in ,spain no longer but to go   
away and try the king of ,france4  ,once
 more he talked over the finding of     
,cathay with the priests and the sailors
 of ,palos4 ,they saw how patient he    

was2 how persistent he was2 how he would
 never give up his ideas until he had   
tried them4 ,they were moved by his     
determination4 ,they began to believe in
 him more and more4 ,they resolved to   
help him4 ,one of the principal sea     
captains of ,palos was named ,martin    
,alonso ,pinzon4 ,he became so          
interested that he offered to lend      
,columbus money enough to make one last 
appeal to the king and queen of ,spain1 
and if ,columbus should succeed with    
them1 this ,captain ,pinzon said he     
would go into partnership with ,columbus
 and help him out when it came to       
getting ready to sail to ,cathay4  ,this
 was a move in the right direction4 ,at 
once a messenger was sent to the        
splendid ,spanish camp before the city  
of ,granada1 the last unconquered city  
of the ,moors of ,spain4 ,the king and  
queen of ,spain had been so long trying 
to capture ,granada that this camp was  
really a city1 with gates and walls and 
houses4 ,it was called ,santa ,fe4      

,queen ,isabella1 who was in ,santa ,fe1
 after some delay1 agreed to hear more  
about the crazy scheme of this          
persistent ,genoese sailor1 and the     
,friar ,juan ,perez was sent for4 ,he   
talked so well in behalf of his friend  
,columbus that the queen became still   
more interested4 ,she ordered ,columbus 
to come and see her1 and sent him       
sixty-five dollars to pay for a mule1 a 
new suit of clothes1 and the journey to 
court4  ,about ,christmas time1 in the  
year #adia1 ,columbus1 mounted upon his 
mule1 rode into the ,spanish camp before
 the city of ,granada4 ,but even now1   
when he had been told to come1 he had to
 wait4 ,granada was almost captured2 the
 ,moors were almost conquered4 ,at last 
the end came4 ,on the second of         
,january1 #adib1 the ,moorish king gave 
up the keys of his beloved city1 and the
 great ,spanish banner was hoisted on   
the highest tower of the ,alhambra--the 
handsomest building in ,granada and one 
of the most beautiful in the world4 ,the

 ,moors were driven out of ,spain and   
,columbus's chance had come4  ,so he    
appeared before ,queen ,isabella and her
 chief men and told them again of all   
his plans and desires4 ,the queen and   
her advisers sat in a great room in that
 splendid ,alhambra ,i have told you of4
 ,king ,ferdinand was not there4 ,he did
 not believe in ,columbus and did not   
wish to let him have money1 ships1 or   
sailors to lose in such a foolish way4  
,but as ,columbus stood before her and  
talked so earnestly about how he        
expected to find the ,indies and ,cathay
 and what he hoped to bring away from   
there1 ,queen ,isabella listened and    
thought the plan worth trying4  ,then a 
singular thing happened4 ,you would     
think if you wished for something very  
much that you would be willing to give  
up a good deal for the sake of getting  
it4 ,columbus had worked and waited for 
seventeen years4 ,he had never got what 
he wanted4 ,he was always being         
disappointed4 ,and yet1 as he talked to 

the queen and told her what he wished to
 do1 he said he must have so much as a  
reward for doing it that the queen and  
her chief men were simply amazed at     
his--well1 what the boys to-day call    
cheek--that they would have nothing to  
do with him4 ,this man really is crazy1 
they said4 ,this poor ,genoese sailor   
comes here without a thing except his   
very odd ideas and almost wants the     
earth as a reward4 ,this is not exactly 
what they said1 but it is what they     
meant4  ,his few friends begged him to  
be more modest4 ,do not ask so much1    
they said1 or you will get nothing4 ,but
 ,columbus was determined4 ,i have      
worked and waited all these years1 he   
replied4 ,i know just what ,i can do and
 just how much ,i can do for the king   
and queen of ,spain4 ,they must pay me  
what ,i ask and promise what ,i say1 or 
,i will go somewhere else4 ,go1 then6   
said the queen and her advisers4 ,and   
,columbus turned his back on what seemed
 almost his last hope1 mounted his mule1

 and rode away4  ,then something else   
happened4 ,as ,columbus rode off to find
 the ,french king1 sick and tired of all
 his long and useless labor at the      
,spanish court1 his few firm friends    
there saw that1 unless they did         
something right away1 all the glory and 
all the gain of this enterprise         
,columbus had taught them to believe in 
would be lost to ,spain4 ,so two of     
them1 whose names were ,santangel and   
,quintanilla1 rushed into the queen's   
room and begged her1 if she wished to   
become the greatest queen in            
,christendom1 to call back this         
wandering sailor1 agree to his terms1   
and profit by his labors4  ,what if he  
does ask a great deal8 they said4 ,he   
has spent his life thinking his plan    
out2 no wonder he feels that he ought to
 have a good share of what he finds4    
,what he asks is really small compared  
with what ,spain will gain4 ,the war    
with the ,moors has cost you ever so    
much2 your money chests are empty2      

,columbus will fill them up4 ,the people
 of ,cathay are heathen2 ,columbus will 
help you make them ,christian men4 ,the 
,indies and ,cathay are full of gold and
 jewels2 ,columbus will bring you home  
shiploads of treasures4 ,spain has      
conquered the ,moors2 ,columbus will    
help you conquer ,cathay4  ,in fact1    
they talked to ,queen ,isabella so      
strongly and so earnestly1 that she1    
too1 became excited over this chance for
 glory and riches that she had almost   
lost4 ,quick6 send for ,columbus4 ,call 
him back6 said she4 ,i agree to his     
terms4 ,if ,king ,ferdinand cannot or   
will not take the risk1 ,i1 the queen1  
will do it all4 ,quick6 do not let the  
man get into ,france4 ,after him4 ,bring
 him back6  ,and without delay a royal  
messenger1 mounted on a swift horse1 was
 sent at full gallop to bring ,columbus 
back4  ,all this time poor ,columbus    
felt bad enough4 ,everything had gone   
wrong4 ,now he must go away into a new  
land and do it all over again4 ,kings   

and queens1 he felt1 were not to be     
depended upon1 and he remembered a place
 in the ,bible where it said3 ,put not  
your trust in princes4 ,sad1 solitary1  
and heavy-hearted1 he jogged slowly     
along toward the mountains1 wondering   
what the king of ,france would say to   
him1 and whether it was really worth    
trying4  ,just as he was riding across  
the little bridge called the ,bridge of 
,pinos1 some six miles from ,granada1 he
 heard the quick hoof-beats of a horse  
behind him4 ,it was a great spot for    
robbers1 and ,columbus felt of the      
little money he had in his traveling    
pouch1 and wondered whether he must lose
 it all4 ,the hoof-beats came nearer4   
,then a voice hailed him4 ,turn back1   
turn back6 the messenger cried out4 ,the
 queen bids you return to ,granada4 ,she
 grants you all you ask4  ,columbus     
hesitated4 ,ought he to trust this      
promise1 he wondered4 ,put not your     
trust in princes1 the verse in the      
,bible had said4 ,if ,i go back ,i may  

only be put off and worried as ,i have  
been before4 ,and yet1 perhaps she means
 what she says4 ,at any rate1 ,i will go
 back and try once more4  ,so1 on the   
little ,bridge of ,pinos1 he turned his 
mule around and rode back to ,granada4  
,and1 sure enough1 when he saw ,queen   
,isabella she agreed to all that he     
asked4 ,if he found ,cathay1 ,columbus  
was to be made admiral for life of all  
the new seas and oceans into which he   
might sail2 he was to be chief ruler of 
all the lands he might find2 he was to  
keep one tenth part of all the gold and 
jewels and treasures he should bring    
away1 and was to have his say in all    
questions about the new lands4 ,for his 
part 7and this was because of the offer 
of his friend at ,palos1 ,captain       
,pinzon7 he agreed to pay one eighth of 
all the expenses of this expedition and 
of all new enterprises1 and was to have 
one eighth of all the profits from them4
  ,so ,columbus had his wish at last4   
,the queen's men figured up how much    

money they could let him have2 they     
called him ,don ,christopher ,columbus1 
,your ,excellency1 and ,admiral1 and at 
once he set about getting ready for his 
voyage4    #daf          ,most children 
who read public library books           
know something about the work of ,horace
 ,e4         ,scudder 7#ahch-aijb74 ,for
 eight years he was         editor of   
the ,atlantic ,monthly1 but he is       
more widely known as a writer and       
compiler of         books for children4 
,the entertaining and         informing 
,bodley ,books were widely read by a    
former generation and are still         
decidedly worth         reading4        
,perhaps his most popular work is ,the  
,children's ,book1 a collection of      
literature         suitable for the     
first four grades4 ,pupils in           
the third1 fourth1 and fifth grades read
 with         pleasure ,the ,book of    
,fables1 ,the ,book of         ,folk    
,stories1 ,fables and ,folk ,stories1   
and         ,the ,book of ,legends4 ,mr4

 ,scudder was the         leading       
advocate of introducing literature into 
the schools at a time when such advocacy
 was         uphill work1 and he edited 
a great number of         literary      
classics for school use4 ,he wrote a    
number of historical and biographical   
works of         value4 ,george         
,washington1 from which the next        
selection is taken1 is considered by    
many to be         the best biography of
 ,washington that has been              
written for children4 7,the chapter     
below is         used by permission of  
and special arrangement         with    
,the ,houghton ,mifflin ,co41 ,boston47 
,,the ,,boyhood ,,of ,,washington       
,,horace ,e4 ,,scudder  ,it was near the
 shore of the ,potomac ,river1 between  
,pope's ,creek and ,bridge's ,creek1    
that ,augustine ,washington lived when  
his son ,george was born4 ,the land had 
been in the family ever since           
,augustine's grandfather1 ,john         
,washington1 had bought it1 when he came

 over from ,england in #afeg4 ,john     
,washington was a soldier and a         
public-spirited man1 and so the parish  
in which he lived--for ,virginia was    
divided into parishes as some other     
colonies into townships--was named      
,washington4 ,it is a quiet             
neighborhood2 not a sign remains of the 
old house1 and the only mark of the     
place is a stone slab1 broken and       
overgrown with weeds and brambles1 which
 lies on a bed of bricks taken from the 
remnants of the old chimney of the      
house4 ,it bears the inscription3--     
,here         ,the #aath of ,february1  
#agcb 7old style7                       
,george ,washington                     
was born  ,the ,english had lately      
agreed to use the calendar of ,pope     
,gregory1 which added eleven days to the
 reckoning1 but people still used the   
old style as well as the new4 ,by the   
new style1 the birthday was ,february   
#bb1 and that is the day which is now   
observed4 ,the family into which the    

child was born consisted of the father  
and mother1 ,augustine and ,mary        
,washington1 and two boys1 ,lawrence and
 ,augustine4 ,these were sons of        
,augustine ,washington by a former wife 
who had died four years before4 ,george 
,washington was the eldest of the       
children of ,augustine and ,mary        
,washington2 he had afterward three     
brothers and two sisters1 but one of the
 sisters died in infancy4  ,it was not  
long after ,george ,washington's birth  
that the house in which he was born was 
burned1 and as his father was at the    
time especially interested in some      
iron-works at a distance1 it was        
determined not to rebuild upon the      
lonely place4 ,accordingly ,augustine   
,washington removed his family to a     
place which he owned in ,stafford       
,county1 on the banks of the            
,rappahannock ,river opposite           
,fredericksburg4 ,the house is not now  
standing1 but a picture was made of it  
before it was destroyed4 ,it was1 like  

many ,virginia houses of the day1       
divided into four rooms on a floor1 and 
had great outside chimneys at either    
end4  ,here ,george ,washington spent   
his childhood4 ,he learned to read1     
write1 and cipher at a small school kept
 by ,hobby1 the sexton of the parish    
church4 ,among his playmates was        
,richard ,henry ,lee1 who was afterward 
a famous ,virginian4 ,when the boys grew
 up1 they wrote to each other of grave  
matters of war and state1 but here is   
the beginning of their correspondence1  
written when they were nine years old3--
          ,richard ,henry ,lee to       
,george ,washington3          ,pa       
brought me two pretty books full of     
pictures he got them in ,alexandria they
 have         pictures of dogs and cats 
and tigers and         elefants and ever
 so many pretty things cousin           
bids me send you one of them it has a   
picture         of an elefant and a     
little ,indian boy on his         back  
like uncle jo's sam pa says if ,i learn 

my         tasks good he will let uncle 
jo bring me to see         you will you 
ask your ma to let you come to see      
me4                                     
,richard henry ,lee4          ,george   
,washington to ,richard ,henry ,lee3    
,dear ,dickey ,i thank you very much for
 the         pretty picturebook you gave
 me4 ,sam asked me to         show him  
the pictures and ,i showed him all the  
pictures in it2 and ,i read to him how  
the tame         elephant took care of  
the master's little boy1         and put
 him on his back and would not let      
anybody touch his master's little son4  
,i can         read three or four pages 
sometimes without         missing a     
word4 ,ma says ,i may go to see you1    
and stay all day with you next week if  
it be         not rainy4 ,she says ,i   
may ride my pony ,hero if         ,uncle
 ,ben will go with me and lead ,hero4 ,i
 have         a little piece of poetry  
about the picture book         you gave 
me1 but ,i mustn't tell you who wrote   

the poetry4          ,g4 ,w4's          
compliments to ,r4 ,h4 ,l41         ,and
 likes his book full well1              
,henceforth will count him his friend1  
,and hopes many happy days he may spend4
                                   ,your
 good friend1                           
,george ,washington4          ,i am     
going to get a whip top soon1 and you   
may         see it and whip it4  ,it    
looks very much as if ,richard ,henry   
sent his letter off just as it was      
written4 ,i suspect that his            
correspondent's letter was looked over1 
corrected1 and copied before it was     
sent4 ,very possibly ,augustine         
,washington was absent at the time on   
one of his journeys2 but at any rate the
 boy owed most of his training to his   
mother1 for only two years after this   
his father died1 and he was left to his 
mother's care4  ,she was a woman born to
 command1 and since she was left alone  
with a family and an estate to care for1
 she took the reins into her own hands1 

and never gave them up to any one else4 
,she used to drive about in an          
old-fashioned open chaise1 visiting the 
various parts of her farm1 just as a    
planter would do on horseback4 ,the     
story is told that she had given an     
agent directions how to do a piece of   
work1 and he had seen fit to do it      
differently1 because he thought his way 
a better one4 ,he showed her the        
improvement4  ,and pray1 said the lady1 
who gave you any exercise of judgment in
 the matter8 ,i command you1 sir2 there 
is nothing left for you but to obey4    
,in those days1 more than now1 a boy    
used very formal language when          
addressing his mother4 ,he might love   
her warmly1 but he was expected to treat
 her with a great show of respect4 ,when
 ,washington wrote to his mother1 even  
after he was of age1 he began his       
letter1 ,honored ,madam1 and signed it1 
,your dutiful son4 ,this was a part of  
the manners of the time4 ,it was like   
the stiff dress which men wore when they

 paid their respects to others2 it was  
put on for the occasion1 and one would  
have been thought very unmannerly who   
did not make a marked difference between
 his every-day dress and that which he  
wore when he went into the presence of  
his betters4 ,so ,washington1 when he   
wrote to his mother1 would not be so    
rude as to say1 ,dear ,mother4  ,such   
habits as this go deeper than mere forms
 of speech4 ,i do not suppose that the  
sons of this lady feared her1 but they  
stood in awe of her1 which is quite a   
different thing4  ,we were all as mute  
as mice1 when in her presence1 says one 
of ,washington's companions2 and common 
report makes her to have been very much 
such a woman as her son afterward was a 
man4  ,i think that ,george ,washington 
owed two strong traits to his mother--a 
governing spirit and a spirit of order  
and method4 ,she taught him many lessons
 and gave him many rules2 but1 after    
all1 it was her character shaping his   
which was most powerful4 ,she taught him

 to be truthful1 but her lessons were   
not half so forcible as her own         
truthfulness4  ,there is a story told of
 ,george ,washington's                  
boyhood--unfortunately there are not    
many stories--which is to the point4    
,his father had taken a great deal of   
pride in his blooded horses1 and his    
mother afterward took pains to keep the 
stock pure4 ,she had several young      
horses that had not yet been broken1 and
 one of them in particular1 a sorrel1   
was extremely spirited4 ,no one had been
 able to do anything with it1 and it was
 pronounced thoroughly vicious1 as      
people are apt to pronounce horses which
 they have not learned to master4       
,george was determined to ride this     
colt1 and told his companions that if   
they would help him catch it1 he would  
ride and tame it4  ,early in the morning
 they set out for the pasture1 where the
 boys managed to surround the sorrel and
 then to put a bit into its mouth4      
,washington sprang upon its back1 the   

boys dropped the bridle1 and away flew  
the angry animal4 ,its rider at once    
began to command2 the horse resisted1   
backing about the field1 rearing and    
plunging4 ,the boys became thoroughly   
alarmed1 but ,washington kept his seat1 
never once losing his self-control or   
his mastery of the colt4 ,the struggle  
was a sharp one2 when suddenly1 as if   
determined to rid itself of its rider1  
the creature leaped into the air with a 
tremendous bound4 ,it was its last4 ,the
 violence burst a blood-vessel1 and the 
noble horse fell dead4  ,before the boys
 could sufficiently recover to consider 
how they should extricate themselves    
from the scrape1 they were called to    
breakfast2 and the mistress of the      
house1 knowing that they had been in the
 fields1 began to ask after her stock4  
,pray1 young gentlemen1 said she1 have  
you seen my blooded colts in your       
rambles8 ,i hope they are well taken    
care of4 ,my favorite1 ,i am told1 is as
 large as his sire4  ,the boys looked at

 one another1 and no one liked to speak4
 ,of course the mother repeated her     
question4  ,the sorrel is dead1 madam1  
said her son4 ,i killed him6  ,and then 
he told the whole story4 ,they say that 
his mother flushed with anger1 as her   
son often used to1 and then1 like him1  
controlled herself1 and presently said1 
quietly3--  ,it is well2 but while ,i   
regret the loss of my favorite1 ,i      
rejoice in my son who always speaks the 
truth4  ,the story of ,washington's     
killing the blooded colt is of a piece  
with other stories less particular1     
which show that he was a very athletic  
fellow4 ,of course1 when a boy becomes  
famous1 every one likes to remember the 
wonderful things he did before he was   
famous2 and ,washington's playmates1    
when they grew up1 used to show the spot
 by the ,rappahannock1 near             
,fredericksburg1 where he stood and     
threw a stone to the opposite bank2 and 
at the celebrated ,natural ,bridge1 the 
arch of which is two hundred feet above 

the ground1 they always tell the visitor
 that ,george ,washington threw a stone 
in the air the whole height4 ,he        
undoubtedly took part in all the sports 
which were the favorites of his country 
at that time--he pitched heavy bars1    
tossed quoits1 ran1 leaped1 and         
wrestled2 for he was a powerful1        
large-limbed young fellow1 and he had a 
very large and strong hand4    #dag     
,the ,autobiography by ,benjamin        
,franklin         7#agjf-agij7 has      
become a classic in ,american           
literature4 ,its simple style1 practical
         doctrine of industry and       
economy1 and pleasing         revelation
 of the character of one of ,america's  
greatest statesmen make it appropriate  
for use         in the seventh and      
eighth grades4 7,see also         note  
to ,no4 #bej47   ,,the ,,autobiography  
,,of ,,benjamin ,,franklin  ,at ten     
years old ,i was taken home to assist my
 father in his business1 which was that 
of a tallow-chandler and soap-boiler1 a 

business he was not bred to1 but had    
assumed on his arrival in ,new ,england1
 and on finding his dyeing trade would  
not maintain his family1 being in little
 request4 ,accordingly1 ,i was employed 
in cutting wick for the candles1 filling
 the dipping mold and the molds for cast
 candles1 attending the shop1 going of  
errands1 etc4  ,i continued thus        
employed in my father's business for two
 years1 that is1 till ,i was twelve     
years old2 and my brother ,john1 who was
 bred to that business1 having left my  
father1 married1 and set up for himself 
at ,rhode ,island1 there was all        
appearance that ,i was destined to      
supply his place1 and become a          
tallow-chandler4 ,but my dislike to the 
trade continuing1 my father was under   
apprehensions that if he did not find   
one for me more agreeable1 ,i should    
break away and get to sea1 as his son   
,josiah had done1 to his great vexation4
 ,he therefore sometimes took me to walk
 with him1 and see joiners1 bricklayers1

 turners1 braziers1 etc41 at their work1
 that he might observe my inclination1  
and endeavor to fix it on some trade or 
other on land4 ,it has ever since been a
 pleasure to me to see good workmen     
handle their tools2 and it has been     
useful to me1 having learned so much by 
it as to be able to do little jobs      
myself in my house when a workman could 
not readily be got1 and to construct    
little machines for my experiments1     
while the intention of making the       
experiment was fresh and warm in my     
mind4 ,my father at last fixed upon the 
cutler's trade1 and my uncle ,benjamin's
 son ,samuel1 who was bred to that      
business in ,london1 being about that   
time established in ,boston1 ,i was sent
 to be with him some time on liking4    
,but his expectations of a fee with me  
displeasing my father1 ,i was taken home
 again4  ,from a child ,i was fond of   
reading1 and all the little money that  
came into my hands was ever laid out in 
books4 ,pleased with the ,pilgrim's     

,progress1 my first collection was of   
,john ,bunyan's works in separate little
 volumes4 ,i afterward sold them to     
enable me to buy ,r4 ,burton's          
,historical ,collections4 ,they were    
small chapmen's books1 and cheap1 #dj or
 #ej in all4 ,my father's little library
 consisted chiefly of books in polemic  
divinity1 most of which ,i read1 and    
have since often regretted that1 at a   
time when ,i had such a thirst for      
knowledge1 more proper books had not    
fallen in my way1 since it was now      
resolved ,i should not be a clergyman4  
,plutarch's ,lives there was in which ,i
 read abundantly1 and ,i still think    
that time spent to great advantage4     
,there was also a book of ,de ,foe's1   
called an ,essay on ,projects1 and      
another of ,dr4 ,mather's1 called       
,essays to do ,good1 which perhaps gave 
me a turn of thinking that had an       
influence on some of the principal      
future events of my life4  ,this bookish
 inclination at length determined my    

father to make me a printer1 though he  
had already one son 7,james7 of that    
profession4 ,in #agag my brother ,james 
returned from ,england with a press and 
letters to set up his business in       
,boston4 ,i liked it much better than   
that of my father1 but still had a      
hankering for the sea4 ,to prevent the  
apprehended effect of such an           
inclination1 my father was impatient to 
have me bound to my brother4 ,i stood   
out some time1 but at last was          
persuaded1 and signed the indentures    
when ,i was yet but twelve years old4 ,i
 was to serve as an apprentice till ,i  
was twenty-one years of age1 only ,i was
 to be allowed journeyman's wages during
 the last year4 ,in a little time ,i    
made great proficiency in the business1 
and became a useful hand to my brother4 
,i now had access to better books4 ,an  
acquaintance with the apprentices of    
booksellers enabled me sometimes to     
borrow a small one1 which ,i was careful
 to return soon and clean4 ,often ,i sat

 up in my room reading the greatest part
 of the night1 when the book was        
borrowed in the evening and to be       
returned early in the morning1 lest it  
should be missed or wanted4  ,and after 
some time an ingenious tradesman1 ,mr4  
,matthew ,adams1 who had a pretty       
collection of books1 and who frequented 
our printing-house1 took notice of me1  
invited me to his library1 and very     
kindly lent me such books as ,i chose to
 read4 ,i now took a fancy to poetry1   
and made some little pieces2 my brother1
 thinking it might turn to account1     
encouraged me1 and put me on composing  
occasional ballads4 ,one was called ,the
 ,lighthouse ,tragedy1 and contained an 
account of the drowning of ,captain     
,worthilake1 with his two daughters3 the
 other was a sailor's song1 on the      
taking of ,teach 7or ,blackbeard7 the   
pirate4 ,they were wretched stuff1 in   
the ,grub-street-ballad style2 and when 
they were printed he sent me about the  
town to sell them4 ,the first sold      

wonderfully1 the event being recent1    
having made a great noise4 ,this        
flattered my vanity2 but my father      
discouraged me by ridiculing my         
performances1 and telling me            
verse-makers were generally beggars4 ,so
 ,i escaped being a poet1 most probably 
a very bad one2 but as prose writing has
 been of great use to me in the course  
of my life1 and was a principal means of
 my advancement1 ,i shall tell you how1 
in such a situation1 ,i acquired what   
little ability ,i have in that way4     
,there was another bookish lad in the   
town1 ,john ,collins by name1 with whom 
,i was intimately acquainted4 ,we       
sometimes disputed1 and very fond we    
were of argument1 and very desirous of  
confuting one another1 which            
disputatious turn1 by the way1 is apt to
 become a very bad habit1 making people 
often extremely disagreeable in company 
by the contradiction that is necessary  
to bring it into practice2 and thence1  
besides souring and spoiling the        

conversation1 is productive of disgusts 
and1 perhaps1 enmities where you may    
have occasion for friendship4 ,i had    
caught it by reading my father's books  
of dispute about religion4 ,persons of  
good sense1 ,i have since observed1     
seldom fall into it1 except lawyers1    
university men1 and men of all sorts    
that have been bred at ,edinburgh4  ,a  
question was once1 somehow or other1    
started between ,collins and me1 of the 
propriety of educating the female sex in
 learning1 and their abilities for      
study4 ,he was of opinion that it was   
improper1 and that they were naturally  
unequal to it4 ,i took the contrary     
side1 perhaps a little for dispute's    
sake4 ,he was naturally more eloquent1  
had a ready plenty of words2 and        
sometimes1 as ,i thought1 bore me down  
more by his fluency than by the strength
 of his reasons4 ,as we parted without  
settling the point1 and were not to see 
one another again for some time1 ,i sat 
down to put my arguments in writing1    

which ,i copied fair and sent to him4   
,he answered1 and ,i replied4 ,three or 
four letters of a side had passed1 when 
my father happened to find my papers and
 read them4 ,without entering into the  
discussion1 he took occasion to talk to 
me about the manner of my writing2      
observed that1 though ,i had the        
advantage of my antagonist in correct   
spelling and pointing 7which ,i owed to 
the printing-house71 ,i fell far short  
in elegance of expression1 in method and
 in perspicuity1 of which he convinced  
me by several instances4 ,i saw the     
justice of his remarks1 and thence grew 
more attentive to the manner in writing1
 and determined to endeavor at          
improvement4  ,about this time ,i met   
with an odd volume of the ,spectator4   
,it was the third4 ,i had never before  
seen any of them4 ,i bought it1 read it 
over and over1 and was much delighted   
with it4 ,i thought the writing         
excellent1 and wished1 if possible1 to  
imitate it4 ,with this view ,i took some

 of the papers1 and1 making short hints 
of the sentiment in each sentence1 laid 
them by a few days1 and then1 without   
looking at the book1 tried to complete  
the papers again1 by expressing each    
hinted sentiment at length1 and as fully
 as it had been expressed before1 in any
 suitable words that should come to     
hand4 ,then ,i compared my ,spectator   
with the original1 discovered some of my
 faults1 and corrected them4 ,but ,i    
found ,i wanted a stock of words1 or a  
readiness in recollecting and using     
them1 which ,i thought ,i should have   
acquired before that time if ,i had gone
 on making verses2 since the continual  
occasion for words of the same import1  
but of different length1 to suit the    
measure1 or of different sound for the  
rhyme1 would have laid me under a       
constant necessity of searching for     
variety1 and also have tended to fix    
that variety in my mind1 and make me    
master of it4 ,therefore ,i took some of
 the tales and turned them into verse2  

and1 after a time1 when ,i had pretty   
well forgotten the prose1 turned them   
back again4 ,i also sometimes jumbled my
 collections of hints into confusion1   
and after some weeks endeavored to      
reduce them into the best order1 before 
,i began to form the full sentences and 
complete the paper4 ,this was to teach  
me method in the arrangement of         
thoughts4 ,by comparing my work         
afterwards with the original1 ,i        
discovered many faults and amended them2
 but ,i sometimes had the pleasure of   
fancying that1 in certain particulars of
 small import1 ,i had been lucky enough 
to improve the method or the language1  
and this encouraged me to think ,i might
 possibly in time come to be a tolerable
 ,english writer1 of which ,i was       
extremely ambitious4 ,my time for these 
exercises and for reading was at night1 
after work or before it began in the    
morning1 or on ,sundays1 when ,i        
contrived to be in the printing-house   
alone1 avoiding as much as ,i could the 

common attendance on public worship     
which my father used to exact of me when
 ,i was under his care1 and which indeed
 ,i still thought a duty1 though ,i     
could not1 as it seemed to me1 afford   
time to practice it4  ,when about #af   
years of age ,i happened to meet with a 
book1 written by one ,tryon1            
recommending a vegetable diet4 ,i       
determined to go into it4 ,my brother1  
being yet unmarried1 did not keep house1
 but boarded himself and his apprentices
 in another family4 ,my refusing to eat 
flesh occasioned an inconveniency1 and  
,i was frequently chid for my           
singularity4 ,i made myself acquainted  
with ,tryon's manner of preparing some  
of his dishes1 such as boiling potatoes 
or rice1 making hasty pudding1 and a few
 others1 and then proposed to my        
brother1 that if he would give me1      
weekly1 half the money he paid for my   
board1 ,i would board myself4 ,he       
instantly agreed to it1 and ,i presently
 found that ,i could save half what he  

paid me4 ,this was an additional fund   
for buying books4 ,but ,i had another   
advantage in it4 ,my brother and the    
rest going from the printing-house to   
their meals1 ,i remained there alone1   
and1 dispatching presently my light     
repast1 which often was no more than a  
biscuit or a slice of bread1 a handful  
of raisins or a tart from the           
pastry-cook's1 and a glass of water1 had
 the rest of the time till their return 
for study1 in which ,i made the greater 
progress1 from that greater clearness of
 head and quicker apprehension which    
usually attend temperance in eating and 
drinking4  ,and now it was that1 being  
on some occasion made ashamed of my     
ignorance in figures1 which ,i had twice
 failed in learning when at school1 ,i  
took ,cocker's book of arithmetic1 and  
went through the whole by myself with   
great ease4 ,i also read ,seller's and  
,shermy's books of navigation1 and      
became acquainted with the little       
geometry they contain2 but never        

proceeded far in that science4 ,and ,i  
read about this time ,locke ,on ,human  
,understanding1 and the ,art of         
,thinking1 by ,messrs4 du ,port ,royal4 
,while ,i was intent on improving my    
language1 ,i met with an ,english       
grammar 7,i think it was ,greenwood's71 
at the end of which there were two      
little sketches of the arts of rhetoric 
and logic1 the latter finishing with a  
specimen of a dispute in the ,socratic  
method2 and soon after ,i procured      
,xenophon's ,memorable ,things of       
,socrates1 wherein there are many       
instances of the same method4 ,i was    
charmed with it1 adopted it1 dropped my 
abrupt contradiction and positive       
argumentation1 and put on the humble    
inquirer and doubter4 ,and being then1  
from reading ,shaftesbury and ,collins1 
become a real doubter in many points of 
our religious doctrine1 ,i found this   
method safest for myself and very       
embarrassing to those against whom ,i   
used it2 therefore ,i took a delight in 

it1 practiced it continually1 and grew  
very artful and expert in drawing       
people1 even of superior knowledge1 into
 concessions1 the consequences of which 
they did not foresee1 entangling them in
 difficulties out of which they could   
not extricate themselves1 and so        
obtaining victories that neither myself 
nor my cause always deserved4 ,i        
continued this method some few years1   
but gradually left it1 retaining only   
the habit of expressing myself in terms 
of modest diffidence2 never using1 when 
,i advanced any thing that may possibly 
be disputed1 the words certainly1       
undoubtedly1 or any others that give the
 air of positiveness to an opinion2 but 
rather say1 ,i conceive or apprehend a  
thing to be so and so2 it appears to me1
 or ,i should think it so or so1 for    
such and such reasons2 or ,i imagine it 
to be so2 or it is so1 if ,i am not     
mistaken4 ,this habit1 ,i believe1 has  
been of great advantage to me when ,i   
have had occasion to inculcate my       

opinion1 and persuade men into measures 
that ,i have been from time to time     
engaged in promoting2 and1 as the chief 
ends of conversation are to inform or to
 be informed1 to please or to persuade1 
,i wish well-meaning1 sensible men would
 not lessen their power of doing good by
 a positive1 assuming manner1 that      
seldom fails to disgust1 tends to create
 opposition1 and to defeat every one of 
those purposes for which speech was     
given to us1 to wit1 giving or receiving
 information or pleasure4 ,for1 if you  
would inform1 a positive and dogmatical 
manner in advancing your sentiments may 
provoke contradiction and prevent a     
candid attention4 ,if you wish          
information and improvement from the    
knowledge of others1 and yet at the same
 time express yourself as firmly fixed  
in your present opinions1 modest1       
sensible men1 who do not love           
disputation1 will probably leave you    
undisturbed in the possession of your   
error4 ,and by such a manner1 you can   

seldom hope to recommend yourself in    
pleasing your hearers1 or to persuade   
those whose concurrence you desire4     
,pope says1 judiciously3          ,men  
should be taught as if you taught them  
not1         ,and things unknown        
propos'd as things forgot2  farther     
recommending to us          ,to speak1  
tho' sure1 with seeming diffidence4     
,and he might have coupled with this    
line that which he has coupled with     
another1 ,i think1 less properly3       
,for want of modesty is want of sense4  
,if you ask1 ,why less properly8 ,i must
 repeat the lines3          ,immodest   
words admit of no defense1         ,for 
want of modesty is want of sense4  ,now1
 is not want of sense 7where a man is so
 unfortunate as to want it7 some apology
 for his want of modesty8 and would not 
the lines stand more justly thus8       
,immodest words admit but this defense1 
,that want of modesty is want of sense4 
,this1 however1 ,i should submit to     
better judgments4  ,my brother had1 in  

#agbj or #agba1 begun to print a        
newspaper4 ,it was the second that      
appeared in ,america1 and was called the
 ,new ,england ,courant4 ,the only one  
before it was the ,boston ,news-,letter4
 ,i remember his being dissuaded by some
 of his friends from the undertaking1 as
 not likely to succeed1 one newspaper   
being1 in their judgment1 enough for    
,america4 ,at this time 7#agga7 there   
are not less than five-and-twenty4 ,he  
went on1 however1 with the undertaking1 
and after having worked in composing the
 types and printing off the sheets1 ,i  
was employed to carry the papers through
 the streets to the customers4  ,he had 
some ingenious men among his friends1   
who amused themselves by writing little 
pieces for this paper1 which gained it  
credit and made it more in demand1 and  
these gentlemen often visited us4       
,hearing their conversations1 and their 
accounts of the approbation their papers
 were received with1 ,i was excited to  
try my hand among them2 but1 being still

 a boy1 and suspecting that my brother  
would object to printing any thing of   
mine in his paper if he knew it to be   
mine1 ,i contrived to disguise my hand1 
and1 writing an anonymous paper1 ,i put 
it in at night under the door of the    
printing-house4 ,it was found in the    
morning1 and communicated to his writing
 friends when they called in as usual4  
,they read it1 commented on it in my    
hearing1 and ,i had the exquisite       
pleasure of finding it met with their   
approbation1 and that1 in their         
different guesses at the author1 none   
were named but men of some character    
among us for learning and ingenuity4 ,i 
suppose now that ,i was rather lucky in 
my judges and that perhaps they were not
 really so very good ones as ,i then    
esteemed them4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,i then thought of
 going to ,new ,york1 as the nearest    
place where there was a printer2 and ,i 
was rather inclined to leave ,boston    
when ,i reflected that ,i had already   

made myself a little obnoxious to the   
governing party1 and1 from the arbitrary
 proceedings of the ,assembly in my     
brother's case1 it was likely ,i might1 
if ,i stayed1 soon bring myself into    
scrapes2 and farther1 that my indiscrete
 disputations about religion began to   
make me pointed at with horror by good  
people as an infidel or atheist4 ,i     
determined on the point1 but my father  
now siding with my brother1 ,i was      
sensible that1 if ,i attempted to go    
openly1 means would be used to prevent  
me4 ,my friend ,collins1 therefore1     
undertook to manage a little for me4 ,he
 agreed with the captain of a ,new ,york
 sloop for my passage1 under the notion 
of my being a young acquaintance of his1
 that had got into trouble1 and         
therefore could not appear or come away 
publicly4 ,so ,i sold some of my books  
to raise a little money1 was taken on   
board privately1 and as we had a fair   
wind1 in three days ,i found myself in  
,new ,york1 near #cjj miles from home1 a

 boy of but #ag1 without the least      
recommendation to1 or knowledge of any  
person in the place1 and with very      
little money in my pocket4  ,my         
inclinations for the sea were by this   
time worn out1 or ,i might now have     
gratified them4 ,but1 having a trade1   
and supposing myself a pretty good      
workman1 ,i offered my service to the   
printer in the place1 old ,mr4 ,william 
,bradford1 who had been the first       
printer in ,pennsylvania1 but removed   
from thence upon the quarrel of ,george 
,keith4 ,he could give me no employment1
 having little to do1 and help enough   
already2 but says he1 ,my son at        
,philadelphia has lately lost his       
principal hand1 ,aquila ,rose1 by death2
 if you go thither1 ,i believe he may   
employ you4 ,philadelphia was a hundred 
miles further2 ,i set out1 however1 in a
 boat for ,amboy1 leaving my chest and  
things to follow me round by sea4  ,in  
crossing the bay1 we met with a squall  
that tore our rotten sails to pieces1   

prevented our getting into the ,kill1   
and drove us upon ,long ,island4 ,on our
 way1 a drunken ,dutchman1 who was a    
passenger too1 fell overboard2 when he  
was sinking1 ,i reached through the     
water to his shock pate1 and drew him   
up1 so that we got him in again4 ,his   
ducking sobered him a little1 and he    
went to sleep1 taking first out of his  
pocket a book1 which he desired ,i would
 dry for him4 ,it proved to be my old   
favorite author1 ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's   
,progress1 in ,dutch1 finely printed on 
good paper1 with copper cuts1 a dress   
better than ,i had ever seen it wear in 
its own language4 ,i have since found   
that it has been translated into most of
 the languages of ,europe1 and suppose  
it has been more generally read than any
 other book1 except perhaps the ,bible4 
,honest ,john was the first that ,i know
 of who mixed narration and dialogue2 a 
method of writing very engaging to the  
reader1 who in the most interesting     
parts finds himself1 as it were1 brought

 into the company and present at the    
discourse4 ,de ,foe in his ,crusoe1 his 
,moll ,flanders1 ,religious ,courtship1 
,family ,instructor1 and other pieces1  
has imitated it with success2 and       
,richardson has done the same in his    
,pamela1 etc4  ,when we drew near the   
island1 we found it was at a place where
 there could be no landing1 there being 
a great surf on the stony beach4 ,so we 
dropped anchor1 and swung around towards
 the shore4 ,some people came down to   
the water edge and hallooed to us1 as we
 did to them2 but the wind was so high1 
and the surf so loud1 that we could not 
hear so as to understand each other4    
,there were canoes on the shore1 and we 
made signs1 and hallooed that they      
should fetch us2 but they either did not
 understand us1 or thought it           
impracticable1 so they went away1 and   
night coming on1 we had no remedy but to
 wait till the wind should abate2 and1  
in the meantime1 the boatman and ,i     
concluded to sleep1 if we could2 and so 

crowded into the scuttle1 with the      
,dutchman1 who was still wet1 and the   
spray beating over the head of our boat1
 leaked through to us1 so that we were  
soon almost as wet as he4 ,in this      
manner we lay all night1 with very      
little rest2 but1 the wind abating the  
next day1 we made a shift to reach      
,amboy before night1 having been thirty 
hours on the water1 without victuals1 or
 any drink but a bottle of filthy rum1  
the water we sailed on being salt4  ,in 
the evening ,i found myself very        
feverish1 and went in to bed2 but1      
having read somewhere that cold water   
drunk plentifully was good for a fever1 
,i followed the prescription1 sweat     
plentifully most of the night1 my fever 
left me1 and in the morning1 crossing   
the ferry1 ,i proceeded on my journey on
 foot1 having fifty miles to            
,burlington1 where ,i was told ,i should
 find boats that would carry me the rest
 of the way to ,philadelphia4  ,it      
rained very hard all the day2 ,i was    

thoroughly soaked1 and by noon a good   
deal tired2 so ,i stopped at a poor inn1
 where ,i stayed all night1 beginning   
now to wish that ,i had never left home4
 ,i cut so miserable a figure1 too1 that
 ,i found1 by the questions asked me1 ,i
 was suspected to be some runaway       
servant1 and in danger of being taken up
 on that suspicion4 ,however1 ,i        
proceeded the next day1 and got in the  
evening to an inn1 within eight or ten  
miles of ,burlington1 kept by one ,dr4  
,brown4 ,he entered into conversation   
with me while ,i took some refreshment1 
and1 finding ,i had read a little1      
became very sociable and friendly4 ,our 
acquaintance continued as long as he    
lived4 ,he had been1 ,i imagine1 an     
itinerant doctor1 for there was no town 
in ,england1 or country in ,europe1 of  
which he could not give a very          
particular account4 ,he had some        
letters1 and was ingenious1 but much of 
an unbeliever1 and wickedly undertook1  
some years after1 to travesty the ,bible

 in doggerel verse1 as ,cotton had done 
,virgil4 ,by this means he set many of  
the facts in a very ridiculous light1   
and might have hurt weak minds if his   
work had been published2 but it never   
was4  ,at his house ,i lay that night1  
and the next morning reached            
,burlington1 but had the mortification  
to find that the regular boats were gone
 a little before my coming1 and no other
 expected to go before ,tuesday1 this   
being ,saturday2 wherefore ,i returned  
to an old woman in the town1 of whom ,i 
had bought gingerbread to eat on the    
water1 and asked her advice4 ,she       
invited me to lodge at her house till a 
passage by water should offer2 and being
 tired with my foot traveling1 ,i       
accepted the invitation4 ,she           
understanding ,i was a printer1 would   
have had me stay at that town and follow
 my business1 being ignorant of the     
stock necessary to begin with4 ,she was 
very hospitable1 gave me a dinner of    
ox-cheek with great good will1 accepting

 only of a pot of ale in return2 and ,i 
thought myself fixed till ,tuesday      
should come4 ,however1 walking in the   
evening by the side of the river1 a boat
 came by1 which ,i found was going      
towards ,philadelphia1 with several     
people in her4 ,they took me in1 and1 as
 there was no wind1 we rowed all the    
way2 and about midnight1 not having yet 
seen the city1 some of the company were 
confident we must have passed it1 and   
would row no farther2 the others knew   
not where we were2 so we put toward the 
shore1 got into a creek1 landed near an 
old fence1 with the rails of which we   
made a fire1 the night being cold1 in   
,october1 and there we remained till    
daylight4 ,then one of the company knew 
the place to be ,cooper's ,creek1 a     
little above ,philadelphia1 which we saw
 as soon as we got out of the creek1 and
 arrived there about eight or nine      
o'clock on the ,sunday morning1 and     
landed at the ,market ,street wharf4  ,i
 have been the more particular in this  

description of my journey1 and shall be 
so of my first entry into that city1    
that you may in your mind compare such  
unlikely beginnings with the figure ,i  
have since made there4 ,i was in my     
working dress1 my best clothes being to 
come round by sea4 ,i was dirty from my 
journey2 my pockets were stuffed out    
with shirts and stockings1 and ,i knew  
no soul nor where to look for lodging4  
,i was fatigued with traveling1 rowing1 
and want of rest2 ,i was very hungry2   
and my whole stock of cash consisted of 
a ,dutch dollar and about a shilling in 
copper4 ,the latter ,i gave the people  
of the boat for my passage1 who at first
 refused it1 on account of my rowing2   
but ,i insisted on their taking it4 ,a  
man being sometimes more generous when  
he has but a little money than when he  
has plenty1 perhaps through fear of     
being thought to have but little4  ,then
 ,i walked up the street1 gazing about  
till near the market-house ,i met a boy 
with bread4 ,i had made many a meal on  

bread1 and1 inquiring where he got it1  
,i went immediately to the baker's he   
directed me to1 in ,second ,street1 and 
asked for biscuit1 intending such as we 
had in ,boston2 but they1 it seems1 were
 not made in ,philadelphia4 ,then ,i    
asked for a three-penny loaf1 and was   
told they had none such4 ,so not        
considering or knowing the difference of
 money1 and the greater cheapness nor   
the names of his bread1 ,i bade him give
 me three-penny worth of any sort4 ,he  
gave me1 accordingly1 three great puffy 
rolls4 ,i was surprised at the quantity1
 but took it1 and1 having no room in my 
pockets1 walked off with a roll under   
each arm1 and eating the other4 ,thus ,i
 went up ,market ,street as far as      
,fourth ,street1 passing by the door of 
,mr4 ,read1 my future wife's father2    
when she1 standing at the door1 saw me1 
and thought ,i made1 as ,i certainly    
did1 a most awkward1 ridiculous         
appearance4 ,then ,i turned and went    
down ,chestnut ,street and part of      

,walnut ,street1 eating my roll all the 
way1 and1 coming round1 found myself    
again at ,market ,street wharf1 near the
 boat ,i came in1 to which ,i went for a
 draught of the river water2 and1 being 
filled with one of my rolls1 gave the   
other two to a woman and her child that 
came down the river in the boat with us1
 and were waiting to go farther4  ,thus 
refreshed1 ,i walked again up the       
street1 which by this time had many     
clean-dressed people in it1 who were all
 walking the same way4 ,i joined them1  
and thereby was led into the great      
meeting-house of the ,quakers near the  
market4 ,i sat down among them1 and1    
after looking round awhile and hearing  
nothing said1 being very drowsy through 
labor and want of rest the preceding    
night1 ,i fell fast asleep1 and         
continued so till the meeting broke up1 
when one was kind enough to rouse me4   
,this was1 therefore1 the first house ,i
 was in1 or slept in1 in ,philadelphia4 
,walking down again toward the river1   

and1 looking in the faces of people1 ,i 
met a young ,quaker man1 whose          
countenance ,i liked1 and1 accosting    
him1 requested he would tell me where a 
stranger could get lodging4 ,we were    
then near the sign of the ,three        
,mariners4 ,here1 says he1 is one place 
that entertains strangers1 but it is not
 a reputable house2 if thee wilt walk   
with me ,i'll show thee a better4 ,he   
brought me to the ,crooked ,billet1 in  
,water ,street4 ,here ,i got a dinner2  
and1 while ,i was eating it1 several sly
 questions were asked me1 as it seemed  
to be suspected from my youth and       
appearance that ,i might be some        
runaway4  ,after dinner my sleepiness   
returned1 and being shown to a bed1 ,i  
lay down without undressing1 and slept  
till six in the evening1 was called to  
supper1 went to bed again very early1   
and slept soundly till next morning4    
,then ,i made myself as tidy as ,i      
could1 and went to ,andrew ,bradford the
 printer's4 ,i found in the shop the old

 man his father1 whom ,i had seen at    
,new ,york1 and who1 traveling on       
horseback1 had got to ,philadelphia     
before me4 ,he introduced me to his son1
 who received me civilly1 gave me a     
breakfast1 but told me he did not at    
present want a hand1 being lately       
supplied with one2 but there was another
 printer in town1 lately set up1 one    
,keimer1 who1 perhaps1 might employ me2 
if not1 ,i should be welcome to lodge at
 his house1 and he would give me a      
little work to do now and then till     
fuller business should offer4  ,the old 
gentleman said he would go with me to   
the new printer2 and when we found him1 
,neighbor1 says ,bradford1 ,i have      
brought to see you a young man of your  
business2 perhaps you may want such a   
one4 ,he asked me a few questions1 put a
 composing stick in my hand to see how  
,i worked1 and then said he would employ
 me soon1 though he had just then       
nothing for me to do2 and1 taking old   
,bradford1 whom he had never seen       

before1 to be one of the townspeople    
that had a good will for him1 entered   
into a conversation on his present      
undertaking and prospects2 while        
,bradford1 not discovering that he was  
the other printer's father1 on ,keimer's
 saying he expected soon to get the     
greatest part of the business into his  
own hands1 drew him on by artful        
questions1 and starting little doubts1  
to explain all his views1 what interest 
he relied on1 and in what manner he     
intended to proceed4 ,i1 who stood by   
and heard all1 saw immediately that one 
of them was a crafty old sophister1 and 
the other a mere novice4 ,bradford left 
me with ,keimer1 who was greatly        
surprised when ,i told him who the old  
man was4  ,keimer's printing-house1 ,i  
found1 consisted of an old shattered    
press and one small1 worn-out font of   
,english1 which he was then using       
himself1 composing an ,elegy on ,aquila 
,rose1 before mentioned1 an ingenious   
young man1 of excellent character1 much 

respected in the town1 clerk of the     
,assembly1 and a pretty poet4 ,keimer   
made verses too1 but very indifferently4
 ,he could not be said to write them1   
for his manner was to compose them in   
the types directly out of his head4 ,so 
there being no copy1 but one pair of    
cases1 and the ,elegy likely to require 
all the letters1 no one could help him4 
,i endeavored to put his press 7which he
 had not yet used and of which he       
understood nothing7 into order fit to be
 worked with2 and1 promising to come and
 print off his ,elegy as soon as he     
should have got it ready1 ,i returned to
 ,bradford's1 who gave me a little job  
to do for the present1 and there ,i     
lodged and dieted4 ,a few days after1   
,keimer sent for me to print off the    
,elegy4 ,and now he had got another pair
 of cases1 and a pamphlet to reprint1 on
 which he set me to work4  ,these two   
printers ,i found poorly qualified for  
their business4 ,bradford had not been  
bred to it1 and was very illiterate2 and

 ,keimer1 though something of a scholar1
 was a mere compositor1 knowing nothing 
of presswork4 ,he had been one of the   
,french prophets1 and could act their   
enthusiastic agitations4 ,at this time  
he did not profess any particular       
religion1 but something of all on       
occasion2 was very ignorant of the      
world1 and had1 as ,i afterward found1 a
 good deal of the knave in his          
composition4 ,he did not like my lodging
 at ,bradford's while ,i worked with    
him4 ,he had a house1 indeed1 but       
without furniture1 so he could not lodge
 me2 but he got me a lodging at ,mr4    
,read's1 before mentioned1 who was the  
owner of his house2 and1 my chest and   
clothes being come by this time1 ,i made
 rather a more respectable appearance in
 the eyes of ,miss ,read than ,i had    
done when she first happened to see me  
eating my roll in the street4    #dah   
,of the numerous biographies of ,abraham
 ,lincoln1         none seems better    
suited for use in the grades            

than ,the ,boy's ,life of ,abraham      
,lincoln1 by         ,helen ,nicolay    
7#ahff--71 from which the next          
selection was taken4 ,john ,george      
,nicolay1         father of ,helen      
,nicolay1 was private secretary         
to ,abraham ,lincoln from #ahfj to      
#ahfe1 and later         he wrote an    
excellent biography of ,lincoln4        
7,the following selection is used by    
permission         of the ,century      
,company1 ,new ,york47   ,,lincoln',s   
,,early ,,days  ,,helen ,,nicolay  ,the 
story of this wonderful man begins and  
ends with a tragedy1 for his            
grandfather1 also named ,abraham1 was   
killed by a shot from an ,indian's rifle
 while peaceably at work with his three 
sons on the edge of their frontier      
clearing4 ,eighty-one years later the   
,president himself met death by an      
assassin's bullet4 ,the murderer of one 
was a savage of the forest2 the murderer
 of the other that far more cruel thing1
 a savage of civilization4  ,when the   

,indian's shot laid the pioneer farmer  
low1 his second son1 ,josiah1 ran to a  
neighboring fort for help1 and          
,mordecai1 the eldest1 hurried to the   
cabin for his rifle4 ,thomas1 a child of
 six years1 was left alone beside the   
dead body of his father2 and as         
,mordecai snatched the gun from its     
resting-place over the door of the      
cabin1 he saw1 to his horror1 an ,indian
 in his war-paint1 just stooping to     
seize the child4 ,taking quick aim at a 
medal on the breast of the savage1 he   
fired1 and the ,indian fell dead4 ,the  
little boy1 thus released1 ran to the   
house1 where ,mordecai1 firing through  
the loopholes1 kept the ,indians at bay 
until help arrived from the fort4  ,it  
was this child ,thomas who grew up to be
 the father of ,president ,abraham      
,lincoln4 ,after the murder of his      
father the fortunes of the little family
 grew rapidly worse1 and doubtless      
because of poverty1 as well as by reason
 of the marriage of his older brothers  

and sisters1 their home was broken up1  
and ,thomas found himself1 long before  
he was grown1 a wandering laboring boy4 
,he lived for a time with an uncle as   
his hired servant1 and later he learned 
the trade of carpenter4 ,he grew to     
manhood entirely without education1 and 
when he was twenty-eight years old could
 neither read nor write4 ,at that time  
he married ,nancy ,hanks1 a good-looking
 young woman of twenty-three1 as poor as
 himself1 but so much better off as to  
learning that she was able to teach her 
husband to sign his own name4 ,neither  
of them had any money1 but living cost  
little on the frontier in those days1   
and they felt that his trade would      
suffice to earn all that they should    
need4 ,thomas took his bride to a tiny  
house in ,elizabethtown1 ,kentucky1     
where they lived for about a year1 and  
where a daughter was born to them4      
,then they moved to a small farm        
thirteen miles from ,elizabethtown1     
which they bought on credit1 the country

 being yet so new that there were places
 to be had for mere promises to pay4    
,farms obtained on such terms were      
usually of very poor quality1 and this  
one of ,thomas ,lincoln's was no        
exception to the rule4 ,a cabin ready to
 be occupied stood on it1 however2 and  
not far away1 hidden in a pretty clump  
of trees and bushes1 was a fine spring  
of water1 because of which the place was
 known as ,rock ,spring ,farm4 ,in the  
cabin on this farm the future ,president
 of the ,united ,states was born on     
,february #ab1 #ahji1 and here the first
 four years of his life were spent4     
,then the ,lincolns moved to a much     
bigger and better farm on ,knob ,creek1 
six miles from ,hodgensville1 which     
,thomas ,lincoln bought1 again on       
credit1 selling the larger part of it   
soon afterward to another purchaser4    
,here they remained until ,abraham was  
seven years old4  ,about this early part
 of his childhood almost nothing is     
known4 ,he never talked of these days1  

even to his most intimate friends4 ,to  
the pioneer child a farm offered much   
that a town lot could not give          
him--space2 woods to roam in2 ,knob     
,creek with its running water and its   
deep1 quiet pools for a playfellow2     
berries to be hunted for in summer and  
nuts in autumn2 while all the year round
 birds and small animals pattered across
 his path to people the solitude in     
place of human companions4 ,the boy had 
few comrades4 ,he wandered about playing
 his lonesome little games1 and1 when   
these were finished1 returned to the    
small and cheerless cabin4 ,once1 when  
asked what he remembered about the ,war 
of #ahab with ,great ,britain1 he       
replied3 ,only this3 ,i had been fishing
 one day and had caught a little fish1  
which ,i was taking home4 ,i met a      
soldier in the road1 and having always  
been told at home that we must be good  
to soldiers1 ,i gave him my fish4 ,it is
 only a glimpse into his life1 but it   
shows the solitary1 generous child1 and 

the patriotic household4  ,it was while 
living on this farm that ,abraham and   
his sister ,sarah first began going to  
,a-,b-,c schools4 ,their earliest       
teacher was ,zachariah ,riney1 who      
taught near the ,lincoln cabin2 the next
 was ,caleb ,hazel1 four miles away4    
,in spite of the tragedy that darkened  
his childhood1 ,thomas ,lincoln seems to
 have been a cheery1 indolent1          
good-natured man4 ,by means of a little 
farming and occasional jobs at his      
trade1 he managed to supply his family  
with the absolutely necessary food and  
shelter1 but he never got on in the     
world4 ,he found it much easier to      
gossip with his friends1 or to dream    
about rich new lands in the ,west1 than 
to make a thrifty living in the place   
where he happened to be4 ,the blood of  
the pioneer was in his veins too--the   
desire to move westward2 and hearing    
glowing accounts of the new territory of
 ,indiana1 he resolved to go and see it 
for himself4 ,his skill as a carpenter  

made this not only possible but         
reasonably cheap1 and in the fall of    
#ahaf he built himself a little         
flatboat1 launched it half a mile from  
his cabin1 at the mouth of ,knob ,creek 
on the waters of the ,rolling ,fork1 and
 floated on it down that stream to ,salt
 ,river1 down ,salt ,river to the ,ohio1
 and down the ,ohio to a landing called 
,thompson's ,ferry on the ,indiana      
shore4  ,sixteen miles out from the     
river1 near a small stream known as     
,pigeon ,creek1 he found a spot in the  
forest that suited him2 and as his boat 
could not be made to float upstream1 he 
sold it1 stored his goods with an       
obliging settler1 and trudged back to   
,kentucky1 all the way on foot1 to fetch
 his wife and children--,sarah1 who was 
now nine years old1 and ,abraham1 seven4
 ,this time the journey to ,indiana was 
made with two horses1 used by the mother
 and children for riding1 and to carry  
their little camping outfit for the     
night4 ,the distance from their old home

 was1 in a straight line1 little more   
than fifty miles1 but they had to go    
double that distance because of the very
 few roads it was possible to follow4   
,reaching the ,ohio ,river and crossing 
to the ,indiana shore1 ,thomas ,lincoln 
hired a wagon which carried his family  
and their belongings the remaining      
sixteen miles through the forest to the 
spot he had chosen--a piece of heavily  
wooded land1 one and a half miles east  
of what has since become the village of 
,gentryville in ,spencer ,county4 ,the  
lateness of the autumn made it necessary
 to put up a shelter as quickly as      
possible1 and he built what was known on
 the frontier as a half-faced camp1     
about fourteen feet square4 ,this       
differed from a cabin in that it was    
closed on only three sides1 being quite 
open to the weather on the fourth4 ,a   
fire was usually made in front of the   
open side1 and thus the necessity for   
having a chimney was done away with4    
,thomas ,lincoln doubtless intended this

 only for a temporary shelter1 and as   
such it would have done well enough in  
pleasant summer weather2 but it was a   
rude provision against the storms and   
winds of an ,indiana winter4 ,it shows  
his want of energy that the family      
remained housed in this poor camp for   
nearly a whole year2 but1 after all1 he 
must not be too hastily blamed4 ,he was 
far from idle4 ,a cabin was doubtless   
begun1 and there was the very heavy work
 of clearing away the timber--cutting   
down large trees1 chopping them into    
suitable lengths1 and rolling them      
together into great heaps to be burned1 
or of splitting them into rails to fence
 the small field upon which he managed  
to raise a patch of corn and other      
things during the following summer4     
,though only seven years old1 ,abraham  
was unusually large and strong for his  
age1 and he helped his father in all    
this heavy labor of clearing the farm4  
,in after years1 ,mr4 ,lincoln said that
 an ax was put into his hands at once1  

and from that till within his           
twenty-third year he was almost         
constantly handling that most useful    
instrument--less1 of course1 in         
ploughing and harvesting seasons4 ,at   
first the ,lincolns and their seven or  
eight neighbors lived in the unbroken   
forest4 ,they had only the tools and    
household goods they brought with them1 
or such things as they could fashion    
with their own hands4 ,there was no     
sawmill to saw lumber4 ,the village of  
,gentryville was not even begun4        
,breadstuff could be had only by sending
 young ,abraham seven miles on horseback
 with a bag of corn to be ground in a   
hand grist-mill4  ,about the time the   
new cabin was ready relatives and       
friends followed from ,kentucky1 and    
some of these in turn occupied the      
half-faced camp4 ,during the autumn a   
severe and mysterious sickness broke out
 in their little settlement1 and a      
number of people died1 among them the   
mother of young ,abraham4 ,there was no 

help to be had beyond what the neighbors
 could give each other4 ,the nearest    
doctor lived fully thirty miles away4   
,there was not even a minister to       
conduct the funerals4 ,thomas ,lincoln  
made the coffins for the dead out of    
green lumber cut from the forest trees  
with a whip-saw1 and they were laid to  
rest in a clearing in the woods4 ,months
 afterward1 largely through the efforts 
of the sorrowing boy1 a preacher who    
chanced to come that way was induced to 
hold a service and preach a sermon over 
the grave of ,mrs4 ,lincoln4  ,her death
 was indeed a serious blow to her       
husband and children4 ,abraham's sister1
 ,sarah1 was only eleven years old1 and 
the tasks and cares of the little       
household were altogether too heavy for 
her years and experience4 ,nevertheless 
they struggled bravely through the      
winter and following summer2 then in the
 autumn of #ahai ,thomas ,lincoln went  
back to ,kentucky and married ,sarah    
,bush ,johnston1 whom he had known1 and 

it is said courted1 when she was only   
,sally ,bush4 ,she had married about the
 time ,lincoln married ,nancy ,hanks1   
and her husband had died1 leaving her   
with three children4 ,she came of a     
better station in life than ,thomas1 and
 was a woman with an excellent mind as  
well as a warm and generous heart4 ,the 
household goods that she brought with   
her to the ,lincoln home filled a       
four-horse wagon1 and not only were her 
own children well clothed and cared for1
 but she was able at once to provide    
little ,abraham and ,sarah with comforts
 to which they had been strangers during
 the whole of their young lives4 ,under 
her wise management all jealousy was    
avoided between the two sets of         
children2 urged on by her stirring      
example1 ,thomas ,lincoln supplied the  
yet unfinished cabin with floor1 door1  
and windows1 and life became more       
comfortable for all its inmates1        
contentment if not happiness reigning in
 the little home4  ,the new stepmother  

quickly became very fond of ,abraham1   
and encouraged him in every way in her  
power to study and improve himself4 ,the
 chances for this were few enough4 ,mr4 
,lincoln has left us a vivid picture of 
the situation4 ,it was1 he once wrote1 a
 wild region1 with many bears and other 
wild animals still in the woods4 ,there 
,i grew up4 ,there were some schools1   
so-called1 but no qualification was ever
 required of a teacher beyond readin'1  
writin'1 and cipherin' to the ,rule of  
,three4 ,if a straggler supposed to     
understand ,latin happened to sojourn in
 the neighborhood1 he was looked upon as
 a wizard4  ,the school-house was a low 
cabin of round logs1 with split logs or 
puncheons for a floor1 split logs       
roughly leveled with an ax and set up on
 legs for benches1 and holes cut out in 
the logs and the space filled in with   
squares of greased paper for            
window-panes4 ,the main light came in   
through the open door4 ,very often      
,webster's ,elementary ,spelling-book   

was the only text-book4 ,this was the   
kind of school most common in the       
,middle ,west during ,mr4 ,lincoln's    
boyhood1 though already in some places  
there were schools of a more pretentious
 character4 ,indeed1 back in ,kentucky1 
at the very time that ,abraham1 a child 
of six1 was learning his letters from   
,zachariah ,riney1 a boy only a year    
older was attending a ,catholic seminary
 in the very next county4 ,it is        
doubtful if they ever met1 but the      
destinies of the two were strangely     
interwoven1 for the older boy was       
,jefferson ,davis1 who became head of   
the ,confederate government shortly     
after ,lincoln was elected ,president of
 the ,united ,states4  ,as ,abraham was 
only seven years old when he left       
,kentucky1 the little beginnings he     
learned in the schools kept by ,riney   
and ,hazel in that state must have been 
very slight1 probably only his alphabet1
 or at most only three or four pages of 
,webster's ,elementary ,spelling-book4  

,the multiplication-table was still a   
mystery to him1 and he could read or    
write only the words he spelled4 ,his   
first two years in ,indiana seem to have
 passed without schooling of any sort1  
and the school he attended shortly after
 coming under the care of his stepmother
 was of the simplest kind1 for the      
,pigeon ,creek settlement numbered only 
eight or ten poor families1 and they    
lived deep in the forest1 where1 even if
 they had had the money for such        
luxuries1 it would have been impossible 
to buy books1 slates1 pens1 ink1 or     
paper4 ,it is worthy of note1 however1  
that in our western country1 even under 
such difficulties1 a school-house was   
one of the first buildings to rise in   
every frontier settlement4 ,abraham's   
second school in ,indiana was held when 
he was fourteen years old1 and the third
 in his seventeenth year4 ,by that time 
he had more books and better teachers1  
but he had to walk four or five miles to
 reach them4 ,we know that he learned to

 write1 and was provided with pen1 ink1 
and a copy-book1 and a very small supply
 of writing paper1 for copies have been 
printed of several scraps on which he   
carefully wrote down tables of long     
measure1 land measure1 and dry measure1 
as well as examples in multiplication   
and compound division1 from his         
arithmetic4 ,he was never able to go to 
school again after this time1 and though
 the instruction he received from his   
five teachers--two in ,kentucky and     
three in ,indiana--extended over a      
period of nine years1 it must be        
remembered that it made up in all less  
than one twelvemonth2 that the aggregate
 of all his schooling did not amount to 
one year4  ,the fact that he received   
this instruction1 as he himself said1 by
 littles1 was doubtless an advantage4 ,a
 lazy or indifferent boy would of course
 have forgotten what was taught him at  
one time before he had opportunity at   
another2 but ,abraham was neither       
indifferent nor lazy1 and these widely  

separated fragments of instruction were 
precious steps to self-help4 ,he pursued
 his studies with very unusual purpose  
and determination not only to understand
 them at the moment1 but to fix them    
firmly in his mind4 ,his early          
companions all agree that he employed   
every spare moment in keeping on with   
some one of his studies4 ,his stepmother
 tells us that ,when he came across a   
passage that struck him1 he would write 
it down on boards if he had no paper1   
and keep it there until he did get      
paper4 ,then he would rewrite it1 look  
at it1 repeat it4 ,he had a copy-book1 a
 kind of scrap-book1 in which he put    
down all things1 and thus preserved     
them4 ,he spent long evenings doing sums
 on the fire-shovel4 ,iron fire-shovels 
were a rarity among pioneers4 ,instead  
they used a broad1 thin clapboard with  
one end narrowed to a handle1 arranging 
with this the piles of coals upon the   
hearth1 over which they set their       
skillet and oven to do their cooking4   

,it was on such a wooden shovel that    
,abraham worked his sums by the         
flickering firelight1 making his figures
 with a piece of charcoal1 and1 when the
 shovel was all covered1 taking a       
drawing-knife and shaving it off clean  
again4  ,the hours that he was able to  
devote to his penmanship1 his reading1  
and his arithmetic were by no means     
many2 for1 save for the short time that 
he was actually in school1 he was1      
during all these years1 laboring hard on
 his father's farm1 or hiring his       
youthful strength to neighbors who had  
need of help in the work of field or    
forest4 ,in pursuit of his knowledge he 
was on an up-hill path2 yet in spite of 
all obstacles he worked his way to so   
much of an education as placed him far  
ahead of his schoolmates and quickly    
abreast of his various teachers4 ,he    
borrowed every book in the neighborhood4
 ,the list is a short one3 ,robinson    
,crusoe1 ,aesop's ,fables1 ,bunyan's    
,pilgrim's ,progress1 ,weems's ,life of 

,washington1 and a ,history of the      
,united ,states4 ,when everything else  
had been read1 he resolutely began on   
the ,revised ,statutes of ,indiana1     
which ,dave ,turnham1 the constable1 had
 in daily use1 but permitted him to come
 to his house and read4  ,though so fond
 of his books1 it must not be supposed  
that he cared only for work and serious 
study4 ,he was a social1 sunny-tempered 
lad1 as fond of jokes and fun as he was 
kindly and industrious4 ,his stepmother 
said of him3 ,i can say1 what scarcely  
one mother in a thousand can say1 ,abe  
never gave me a cross word or look1 and 
never refused 4 4 4 to do anything ,i   
asked him 4 4 4 ,i must say 4 4 4 that  
,abe was the best boy ,i ever saw or    
expect to see4  ,he and ,john ,johnston1
 his stepmother's son1 and ,john ,hanks1
 a relative of his own mother's1 worked 
barefoot together in the fields1        
grubbing1 plowing1 hoeing1 gathering and
 shucking corn1 and taking part1 when   
occasion offered1 in the practical jokes

 and athletic exercises that enlivened  
the hard work of the pioneers4 ,for both
 work and play ,abraham had one great   
advantage4 ,he was not only a tall1     
strong country boy2 he soon grew to be a
 tall1 strong1 sinewy man4 ,he early    
reached the unusual height of six feet  
four inches1 and his long arms gave him 
a degree of power as an axman that few  
were able to rival4 ,he therefore       
usually led his fellows in efforts of   
muscle as well as of mind4 ,that he     
could outrun1 outlift1 outwrestle his   
boyish companions1 that he could chop   
faster1 split more rails in a day1 carry
 a heavier log at a raising1 or excel   
the neighborhood champion in any feat of
 frontier athletics1 was doubtless a    
matter of pride with him2 but stronger  
than all else was his eager craving for 
knowledge4 ,he felt instinctively that  
the power of using the mind rather than 
the muscles was the key to success4 ,he 
wished not only to wrestle with the best
 of them1 but to be able to talk like   

the preacher1 spell and cipher like the 
school-master1 argue like the lawyer1   
and write like the editor4 ,yet he was  
as far as possible from being a prig4   
,he was helpful1 sympathetic1 cheerful4 
,in all the neighborhood gatherings1    
when settlers of various ages came      
together at corn-huskings or            
house-raisings1 or when mere chance     
brought half a dozen of them at the same
 time to the post-office or the country 
store1 he was able1 according to his    
years1 to add his full share to the     
gaiety of the company4 ,by reason of his
 reading and his excellent memory1 he   
soon became the best story-teller among 
his companions2 and even the slight     
training gained from his studies greatly
 broadened and strengthened the strong  
reasoning faculty with which he had been
 gifted by nature4 ,his wit might be    
mischievous1 but it was never malicious1
 and his nonsense was never intended to 
wound or to hurt the feelings4 ,it is   
told of him that he added to his fund of

 jokes and stories humorous imitations  
of the sermons of eccentric preachers4  
,very likely too much is made of all    
these boyish pranks4 ,he grew up very   
like his fellows4 ,in only one          
particular did he differ greatly from   
the frontier boys around him4 ,he never 
took any pleasure in hunting4 ,almost   
every youth of the backwoods early      
became an excellent shot and a confirmed
 sportsman4 ,the woods still swarmed    
with game1 and every cabin depended     
largely upon this for its supply of     
food4 ,but to his strength was added a  
gentleness which made him shrink from   
killing or inflicting pain1 and the time
 the other boys gave to lying in ambush1
 he preferred to spend in reading or in 
efforts at improving his mind4  ,only   
twice during his life in ,indiana was   
the routine of his employment changed4  
,when he was about sixteen years old he 
worked for a time for a man who lived at
 the mouth of ,anderson's ,creek1 and   
here part of his duty was to manage a   

ferry-boat which carried passengers     
across the ,ohio ,river4 ,it was very   
likely this experience which1 three     
years later1 brought him another4 ,mr4  
,gentry1 the chief man of the village of
 ,gentryville that had grown up a mile  
or so from his father's cabin1 loaded a 
flatboat on the ,ohio ,river with the   
produce his store had collected--corn1  
flour1 pork1 bacon1 and other           
miscellaneous provisions--and putting it
 in charge of his son ,allen ,gentry and
 of ,abraham ,lincoln1 sent them with it
 down the ,ohio and ,mississippi rivers1
 to sell its cargo at the plantations of
 the lower ,mississippi1 where sugar and
 cotton were the principal crops1 and   
where other food supplies were needed to
 feed the slaves4 ,no better proof is   
needed of the reputation for strength1  
skill1 honesty1 and intelligence that   
this tall country boy had already won   
for himself1 than that he was chosen to 
navigate the flatboat a thousand miles  
to the sugar-coast of the ,mississippi  

,river1 sell its load1 and bring back   
the money4 ,allen ,gentry was supposed  
to be in command1 but from the record of
 his after life we may be sure that     
,abraham did his full share both of work
 and management4 ,the elder ,gentry paid
 ,lincoln eight dollars a month and his 
passage home on a steamboat for this    
service4 ,the voyage was made           
successfully1 although not without      
adventure2 for one night1 after the boat
 was tied up to the shore1 the boys were
 attacked by seven negroes1 who came    
aboard intending to kill and rob him4   
,there was a lively scrimmage1 in which1
 though slightly hurt1 they managed to  
beat off their assailants1 and then1    
hastily cutting their boat adrift1 swung
 out on the stream4 ,the marauding band 
little dreamed that they were attacking 
the man who in after years was to give  
their race its freedom2 and though the  
future was equally hidden from ,abraham1
 it is hard to estimate the vistas of   
hope and ambition that this long journey

 opened to him4 ,it was his first look  
into the wide1 wide world4    #dai      
,anna ,howard ,shaw 7#ahdg-aiai7 was    
national         lecturer for the       
,national ,american ,woman              
,suffrage ,association from #ahhf to    
#aijd1 and was         president of that
 association from #aijd to              
#aiae4 ,she was known as a lecturer     
rather than         as an author1 but   
her autobiography1 entitled         ,the
 ,story of a ,pioneer1 is a charming    
book         that will help us realize  
some of the tragedy         and humor of
 pioneer days and some of the           
difficulties that had to be overcome by 
a woman         who was determined to   
follow a career         practically     
closed to women4 7,the selection        
below is from the early part of ,the    
,story of a         ,pioneer1 and is    
used here by permission of the          
publishers1 ,harper  ,brothers1 ,new    
,york47   ,,in ,,the ,,western          
,,wilderness  ,,anna ,,howard ,,shaw    

,my father was one of a number of       
,englishmen who took up tracts in the   
northern forests of ,michigan1 with the 
old dream of establishing a colony      
there4 ,none of these men had the least 
practical knowledge of farming4 ,they   
were city men or followers of trades    
which had no connection with farm life4 
,they went straight into the thick      
timber-land1 instead of going to the    
rich and waiting prairies1 and they     
crowned this initial mistake by cutting 
down the splendid timber instead of     
letting it stand4 ,thus bird's-eye maple
 and other beautiful woods were used as 
fire-wood and in the construction of    
rude cabins1 and the greatest asset of  
the pioneer was ignored4  ,father       
preceded us to the ,michigan woods1 and 
there1 with his oldest son1 ,james1 took
 up a claim4 ,they cleared a space in   
the wilderness just large enough for a  
log cabin1 and put up the bare walls of 
the cabin itself4 ,then father returned 
to ,lawrence and his work1 leaving      

,james behind4 ,a few months later 7this
 was in #ahei71 my mother1 my two       
sisters1 ,eleanor and ,mary1 my youngest
 brother1 ,henry1 eight years of age1   
and ,i1 then twelve1 went to ,michigan  
to work on and hold down the claim while
 father1 for eighteen months longer1    
stayed on in ,lawrence1 sending us such 
remittances as he could4 ,his second and
 third sons1 ,john and ,thomas1 remained
 in the ,east with him4  ,every detail  
of our journey through the wilderness is
 clear in my mind4 ,at that time the    
railroad terminated at ,grand ,rapids1  
,michigan1 and we covered the remaining 
distance--about one hundred miles--by   
wagon1 riding through a dense and often 
trackless forest4 ,my brother ,james met
 us at ,grand ,rapids with what1 in     
those days1 was called a lumber-wagon1  
but which had a horrible resemblance to 
a vehicle from the health department4   
,my sisters and ,i gave it one cold look
 and turned from it2 we were so pained  
by its appearance that we refused to    

ride in it through the town4 ,instead1  
we started off on foot1 trying to look  
as if we had no association with it1 and
 we climbed into the unwieldy vehicle   
only when the city streets were far     
behind us4 ,every available inch of     
space in the wagon was filled with      
bedding and provisions4 ,as yet we had  
no furniture2 we were to make that for  
ourselves when we reached our cabin2 and
 there was so little room for us to ride
 that we children walked by turns1 while
 ,james1 from the beginning of the      
journey to its end1 seven days later1   
led our weary horses4  ,to my mother1   
who was never strong1 the whole         
experience must have been a nightmare of
 suffering and stoical endurance4 ,for  
us children there were compensations4   
,the expedition took on the character of
 a high adventure1 in which we sometimes
 had shelter and sometimes failed to    
find it1 sometimes were fed1 but often  
went hungry4 ,we forded innumerable     
streams1 the wheels of the heavy wagon  

sinking so deeply into the stream-beds  
that we often had to empty our load     
before we could get them out again4     
,fallen trees lay across our paths1     
rivers caused long detours1 while again 
and again we lost our way or were turned
 aside by impenetrable forest tangles4  
,our first day's journey covered less   
than eight miles1 and that night we     
stopped at a farm-house which was the   
last bit of civilization we saw4 ,early 
the next morning we were off again1     
making the slow progress due to the     
rough roads and our heavy load4 ,at     
night we stopped at a place called      
,thomas's ,inn1 only to be told by the  
woman who kept it that there was nothing
 in the house to eat4 ,her husband1 she 
said1 had gone outside 7to ,grand       
,rapids7 to get some flour1 and had not 
returned--but she added that we could   
spend the night1 if we chose1 and enjoy 
shelter1 if not food4 ,we had provisions
 in our wagon1 so we wearily entered1   
after my brother had got out some of our

 pork and opened a barrel of flour4     
,with this help the woman made some     
biscuits1 which were so green that my   
poor mother could not eat them4 ,she had
 admitted to us that the one thing she  
had in the house was saleratus1 and she 
had used this ingredient with an        
unsparing hand4 ,when the meal was eaten
 she broke the further news that there  
were no beds4  ,the old woman can sleep 
with me1 she suggested1 and the girls   
can sleep on the floor4 ,the boys will  
have to go to the barn4  ,she and her   
bed were not especially attractive1 and 
mother decided to lie on the floor with 
us4 ,we had taken our bedding from the  
wagon1 and we slept very well2 but      
though she was usually superior to small
 annoyances1 ,i think my mother resented
 being called an old woman4 ,she must   
have felt like one that night1 but she  
was only about forty-eight years of age4
  ,at dawn the next morning we resumed  
our journey1 and every day after that we
 were able to cover the distance        

demanded by the schedule arranged before
 we started4 ,this meant that some sort 
of shelter usually awaited us at night4 
,but one day we knew there would be no  
houses between the place we left in the 
morning and that where we were to sleep4
 ,the distance was about twenty miles1  
and when twilight fell we had not made  
it4 ,in the back of the wagon my mother 
had a box of little pigs1 and during the
 afternoon these had broken loose and   
escaped into the woods4 ,we had lost    
much time in finding them1 and we were  
so exhausted that when we came to a hut 
made of twigs and boughs we decided to  
camp in it for the night1 though we knew
 nothing about it4 ,my brother had      
unharnessed the horses1 and my mother   
and sister were cooking dough-god--a    
mixture of flour1 water1 and soda1 fried
 in a pan--when two men rode up on      
horseback and called my brother to one  
side4 ,immediately after the talk which 
followed ,james harnessed his horses    
again and forced us to go on1 though by 

that time darkness had fallen4 ,he told 
mother1 but did not tell us children    
until long afterward1 that a man had    
been murdered in the hut only the night 
before4 ,the murderer was still at large
 in the woods1 and the new-comers were  
members of a posse who were searching   
for him4 ,my brother needed no urging to
 put as many miles as he could between  
us and the sinister spot4  ,in that     
fashion we made our way to our new home4
 ,the last day1 like the first1 we      
traveled only eight miles1 but we spent 
the night in a house ,i shall never     
forget4 ,it was beautifully clean1 and  
for our evening meal its mistress       
brought out loaves of bread which were  
the largest we had ever seen4 ,she cut  
great slices of this bread for us and   
spread maple sugar on them1 and it      
seemed to us that never before had      
anything tasted so good4  ,the next     
morning we made the last stage of our   
journey1 our hearts filled with the joy 
of nearing our new home4 ,we all had an 

idea that we were going to a farm1 and  
we expected some resemblance at least to
 the prosperous farms we had seen in    
,new ,england4 ,my mother's mental      
picture was1 naturally1 of an ,english  
farm4 ,possibly she had visions of red  
barns and deep meadows1 sunny skies and 
daisies4 ,what we found awaiting us were
 the four walls and the roof of a       
good-sized log-house1 standing in a     
small cleared strip of the wilderness1  
its doors and windows represented by    
square holes1 its floor also a thing of 
the future1 its whole effect achingly   
forlorn and desolate4 ,it was late in   
the afternoon when we drove up to the   
opening that was its front entrance1 and
 ,i shall never forget the look my      
mother turned upon the place4 ,without a
 word she crossed its threshold1 and1   
standing very still1 looked slowly      
around her4 ,then something within her  
seemed to give way1 and she sank upon   
the ground4 ,she could not realize even 
then1 ,i think1 that this was really the

 place father had prepared for us1 that 
here he expected us to live4 ,when she  
finally took it in she buried her face  
in her hands1 and in that way she sat   
for hours without moving or speaking4   
,for the first time in her life she had 
forgotten us2 and we1 for our part1     
dared not speak to her4 ,we stood around
 her in a frightened group1 talking to  
one another in whispers4 ,our little    
world had crumbled under our feet4      
,never before had we seen our mother    
give way to despair4  ,night began to   
fall4 ,the woods became alive with night
 creatures1 and the most harmless made  
the most noise4 ,the owls began to hoot1
 and soon we heard the wildcat1 whose   
cry--a screech like that of a lost and  
panic-stricken child--is one of the most
 appalling sounds of the forest4 ,later 
the wolves added their howls to the     
uproar1 but though darkness came and we 
children whimpered around her1 our      
mother still sat in her strange         
lethargy4  ,at last my brother brought  

the horses close to the cabin and built 
fires to protect them and us4 ,he was   
only twenty1 but he showed himself a man
 during those early pioneer days4 ,while
 he was picketing the horses and        
building his protecting fires my mother 
came to herself1 but her face when she  
raised it was worse than her silence had
 been4 ,she seemed to have died and to  
have returned to us from the grave1 and 
,i am sure she felt that she had done   
so4 ,from that moment she took up again 
the burden of her life1 a burden she did
 not lay down until she passed away2 but
 her face never lost the deep lines     
those first hours of her pioneer life   
had cut upon it4  ,that night we slept  
on boughs spread on the earth inside the
 cabin walls1 and we put blankets before
 the holes which represented our doors  
and windows1 and kept our watch-fires   
burning4 ,soon the other children fell  
asleep1 but there was no sleep for me4  
,i was only twelve years old1 but my    
mind was full of fancies4 ,behind our   

blankets1 swaying in the night wind1 ,i 
thought ,i saw the heads and pushing    
shoulders of animals and heard their    
padded footfalls4  ,we faced our        
situation with clear and unalarmed eyes 
the morning after our arrival4 ,the     
problem of food1 we knew1 was at least  
temporarily solved4 ,we had brought with
 us enough coffee1 pork1 and flour to   
last for several weeks2 and the one     
necessity father had put inside the     
cabin walls was a great fireplace1 made 
of mud and stones1 in which our food    
could be cooked4 ,the problem of our    
water-supply was less simple1 but my    
brother ,james solved it for the time by
 showing us a creek a long distance from
 the house1 and for months we carried   
from this creek1 in pails1 every drop of
 water we used1 save that which we      
caught in troughs when the rain fell4   
,we held a family council after         
breakfast1 and in this1 though ,i was   
only twelve1 ,i took an eager and       
determined part4 ,i loved work--it has  

always been my favorite form of         
recreation--and my spirit rose to the   
opportunities of it which smiled on us  
from every side4 ,obviously the first   
thing to do was to put doors and windows
 into the yawning holes father had left 
for them1 and to lay a board flooring   
over the earth inside our cabin walls1  
and these duties we accomplished before 
we had occupied our new home a          
fortnight4 ,there was a small saw-mill  
nine miles from our cabin1 on the spot  
that is now ,big ,rapids1 and there we  
bought our lumber4 ,the labor we        
supplied ourselves1 and though we put   
our hearts into it and the results at   
the time seemed beautiful to our partial
 eyes1 ,i am forced to admit1 in looking
 back upon them1 that they halted this  
side of perfection4 ,we began by making 
three windows and two doors2 then1      
inspired by these achievements1 we      
ambitiously constructed an attic and    
divided the ground floor with           
partitions1 which gave us four rooms4   

,the general effect was temperamental   
and sketchy4 ,the boards which formed   
the floor were never even nailed down2  
they were fine1 wide planks without a   
knot in them1 and they looked so well   
that we merely fitted them together as  
closely as we could and light-heartedly 
let them go at that4 ,neither did we    
properly chink the house4 ,nothing is   
more comfortable than a log cabin which 
has been carefully built and finished2  
but for some reason--probably because   
there seemed always a more urgent duty  
calling to us around the corner--we     
never plastered our house at all4 ,the  
result was that on many future winter   
mornings we awoke to find ourselves     
chastely blanketed by snow1 while the   
only warm spot in our living-room was   
that directly in front of the fireplace1
 where great logs burned all day4 ,even 
there our faces scorched while our      
spines slowly congealed1 until we       
learned to revolve before the fire like 
a bird upon a spit4 ,no doubt we would  

have worked more thoroughly if my       
brother ,james1 who was twenty years old
 and our tower of strength1 had remained
 with us2 but when we had been in our   
new home only a few months he fell ill  
and was forced to go ,east for an       
operation4 ,he was never able to return 
to us1 and thus my mother1 we three     
young girls1 and my youngest            
brother--,harry1 who was only eight     
years old--made our fight alone until   
father came to us1 more than a year     
later4  ,mother was practically an      
invalid4 ,she had a nervous affection   
which made it impossible for her to     
stand without the support of a chair4   
,but she sewed with unusual skill1 and  
it was due to her that our clothes1     
notwithstanding the strain to which we  
subjected them1 were always in good     
condition4 ,she sewed for hours every   
day1 and she was able to move about the 
house1 after a fashion1 by pushing      
herself around on a stool which ,james  
made for her as soon as we arrived4 ,he 

also built for her a more comfortable   
chair with a high back4  ,the division  
of labor planned at the first council   
was that mother should do our sewing1   
and my older sisters1 ,eleanor and      
,mary1 the housework1 which was far from
 taxing1 for of course we lived in the  
simplest manner4 ,my brothers and ,i    
were to do the work out of doors1 an    
arrangement that suited me very well1   
though at first1 owing to our lack of   
experience1 our activities were somewhat
 curtailed4 ,it was too late in the     
season for plowing or planting1 even if 
we had possessed anything with which to 
plow1 and1 moreover1 our so-called      
cleared land was thick with sturdy      
tree-stumps4 ,even during the second    
summer plowing was impossible2 we could 
only plant potatoes and corn1 and follow
 the most primitive method in doing even
 this4 ,we took an ax1 chopped up the   
sod1 put the seed under it1 and let the 
seed grow4 ,the seed did grow1 too--in  
the most gratifying and encouraging     

manner4 ,our green corn and potatoes    
were the best ,i have ever eaten4 ,but  
for the present we lacked these         
luxuries4  ,we had1 however1 in their   
place1 large quantities of wild         
fruit--gooseberries1 raspberries1 and   
plums--which ,harry and ,i gathered on  
the banks of our creek4 ,harry also     
became an expert fisherman4 ,we had no  
hooks or lines1 but he took wires from  
our hoop-skirts and made snares at the  
ends of poles4 ,my part of this work was
 to stand on a log and frighten the fish
 out of their holes by making horrible  
sounds1 which ,i did with impassioned   
earnestness4 ,when the fish hurried to  
the surface of the water to investigate 
the appalling noises they had heard1    
they were easily snared by our small    
boy1 who was very proud of his ability  
to contribute in this way to the family 
table4  ,during our first winter we     
lived largely on cornmeal1 making a     
little journey of twenty miles to the   
nearest mill to buy it2 but even at that

 we were better off than our neighbors1 
for ,i remember one family in our region
 who for an entire winter lived solely  
on coarse-grained yellow turnips1       
gratefully changing their diet to leeks 
when these came in the spring4  ,such   
furniture as we had we made ourselves4  
,in addition to my mother's two chairs  
and the bunks which took the place of   
beds1 ,james made a settle for the      
living-room1 as well as a table and     
several stools4 ,at first we had our    
tree-cutting done for us1 but we soon   
became expert in this gentle art1 and ,i
 developed such skill that in later     
years1 after father came1 ,i used to    
stand with him and heart a log4  ,on    
every side1 and at every hour of the    
day1 we came up against the relentless  
limitations of pioneer life4 ,there was 
not a team of horses in our entire      
region4 ,the team with which my brother 
had driven us through the wilderness had
 been hired at ,grand ,rapids for that  
occasion1 and1 of course1 immediately   

returned4 ,our lumber was delivered by  
ox-teams1 and the absolutely essential  
purchases we made outside 7at the       
nearest shops1 forty miles away7 were   
carried through the forest on the backs 
of men4 ,our mail was delivered once a  
month by a carrier who made the journey 
in alternate stages of horseback riding 
and canoeing4 ,but we had health1 youth1
 enthusiasm1 good appetites1 and the    
wherewithal to satisfy them1 and at     
night in our primitive bunks we sank    
into abysses of dreamless slumber such  
as ,i have never known since4 ,indeed1  
looking back upon them1 those first     
months seem to have been a              
long-drawn-out and glorious picnic1     
interrupted only by occasional hours of 
pain or panic1 when we were hurt or     
frightened4  ,naturally1 our two        
greatest menaces were wild animals and  
,indians1 but as the days passed the    
first of these lost the early terrors   
with which we had associated them4 ,we  
grew indifferent to the sounds that had 

made our first night a horror to us     
all--there was even a certain homeliness
 in them--while we regarded with        
accustomed1 almost blase eyes the       
various furred creatures of which we    
caught distant glimpses as they slunk   
through the forest4 ,their experience   
with other settlers had taught them     
caution2 it soon became clear that they 
were as eager to avoid us as we were to 
shun them1 and by common consent we gave
 each other ample elbow-room4 ,but the  
,indians were all around us1 and every  
settler had a collection of hair-raising
 tales to tell of them4 ,it was         
generally agreed that they were         
dangerous only when they were drunk2 but
 as they were drunk whenever they could 
get whisky1 and as whisky was constantly
 given them in exchange for pelts and   
game1 there was a harrowing doubt in our
 minds whenever they approached us4  ,in
 my first encounter with them ,i was    
alone in the woods at sunset with my    
small brother ,harry4 ,we were hunting a

 cow ,james had bought1 and our young   
eyes were peering eagerly among the     
trees1 on the alert for any moving      
object4 ,suddenly1 at a little distance1
 coming directly toward us1 we saw a    
party of ,indians4 ,there were five of  
them1 all men1 walking in single file1  
as noiselessly as ghosts1 their         
moccasined feet causing not even a      
rustle among the dry leaves that        
carpeted the woods4 ,all the horrible   
stories we had heard of ,indian cruelty 
flashed into our minds1 and for a moment
 we were dumb with terror4 ,then ,i     
remembered having been told that the one
 thing one must not do before them is to
 show fear4 ,harry was carrying a rope  
with which we had expected to lead home 
our reluctant cow1 and ,i seized one end
 of it and whispered to him that we     
would play horse1 pretending he was     
driving me4 ,we pranced toward the      
,indians on feet that felt like lead1   
and with eyes so glazed by terror that  
we could see nothing save a line of     

moving figures2 but as we passed them   
they did not give to our little         
impersonation of care-free children even
 the tribute of a side-glance4 ,they    
were1 we realized1 headed straight for  
our home2 and after a few moments we    
doubled on our tracks and1 keeping at a 
safe distance from them among the trees1
 ran back to warn our mother that they  
were coming4  ,as it happened1 ,james   
was away1 and mother had to meet her    
unwelcome guests supported only by her  
young children4 ,she at once prepared a 
meal1 however1 and when they arrived she
 welcomed them calmly and gave them the 
best she had4 ,after they had eaten they
 began to point at and demand objects   
they fancied in the room--my brother's  
pipe1 some tobacco1 a bowl1 and such    
trifles--and my mother1 who was afraid  
to annoy them by refusal1 gave them what
 they asked4 ,they were quite sober1 and
 though they left without expressing any
 appreciation of her hospitality1 they  
made her a second visit a few months    

later1 bringing a large quantity of     
venison and a bag of cranberries as a   
graceful return4 ,these ,indians were   
,ottawas2 and later we became very      
friendly with them and their tribe1 even
 to the degree of attending one of their
 dances1 which ,i shall describe later4 
,our second encounter with ,indians was 
a less agreeable experience4 ,there were
 seven ,marquette warriors in the next  
group of callers1 and they were all     
intoxicated4 ,moreover1 they had brought
 with them several jugs of bad          
whisky--the raw and craze-provoking     
product supplied them by the            
fur-dealers--and it was clear that our  
cabin was to be the scene of an orgy4   
,fortunately1 my brother ,james was at  
home on this occasion1 and as the       
evening grew old and the ,indians1      
grouped together around the fire1 became
 more and more irresponsible1 he devised
 a plan for our safety4 ,our attic was  
finished1 and its sole entrance was by a
 ladder through a trap-door4 ,at        

,james's whispered command my sister    
,eleanor slipped up into the attic1 and 
from the back window let down a rope1 to
 which he tied all the weapons we       
had--his gun and several axes4 ,these   
,eleanor drew up and concealed in one of
 the bunks4 ,my brother then directed   
that as quietly as possible1 and at long
 intervals1 one member of the family    
after another was to slip up the ladder 
and into the attic1 going quite         
casually1 that the ,indians might not   
realize what we were doing4 ,once there1
 with the ladder drawn up after us and  
the trap-door closed1 we would be       
reasonably safe1 unless our guests      
decided to burn the cabin4  ,the evening
 seemed endless1 and was certainly      
nerve-racking4 ,the ,indians ate        
everything in the house1 and from my    
seat in a dim corner ,i watched them    
while my sisters waited on them4 ,i can 
still see the tableau they made in the  
firelit room and hear the unfamiliar    
accents of their speech as they talked  

together4 ,occasionally one of them     
would pull a hair from his head1 seize  
his scalping-knife1 and cut the hair    
with it--a most unpleasant sight6 ,when 
either of my sisters approached them    
some of the ,indians would make         
gestures1 as if capturing and scalping  
her4 ,through it all1 however1 the      
whisky held their close attention1 and  
it was due to this that we succeeded in 
reaching the attic unobserved1 ,james   
coming last of all and drawing the      
ladder after him4 ,mother and the       
children were then put to bed2 but      
through that interminable night ,james  
and ,eleanor lay flat upon the floor1   
watching through the cracks between the 
boards the revels of the drunken        
,indians1 which grew wilder with every  
hour that crawled toward sunrise4 ,there
 was no knowing when they would miss us 
or how soon their mood might change4 ,at
 any moment they might make an attack   
upon us or set fire to the cabin4 ,by   
dawn1 however1 their whisky was all     

gone1 and they were in so deep a stupor 
that1 one after the other1 the seven    
fell from their chairs to the floor1    
where they sprawled unconscious4 ,when  
they awoke they left quietly and without
 trouble of any kind4 ,they seemed a    
strangely subdued and chastened band2   
probably they were wretchedly ill after 
their debauch on the adulterated whisky 
the traders had given them4  ,that      
autumn the ,ottawa tribe had a great    
corn celebration1 to which we and the   
other settlers were invited4 ,james and 
my older sisters attended it1 and ,i    
went with them1 by my own urgent        
invitation4 ,it seemed to me that as ,i 
was sharing the work and the perils of  
our new environment1 ,i might as well   
share its joys2 and ,i finally succeeded
 in making my family see the logic of   
this position4 ,the central feature of  
the festivity was a huge kettle1 many   
feet in circumference1 into which the   
,indians dropped the most extraordinary 
variety of food we had ever seen        

combined4 ,deer heads went into it      
whole1 as well as every kind of meat and
 vegetable the members of the tribe     
could procure4 ,we all ate some of this 
agreeable mixture1 and later1 with one  
another1 and even with the ,indians1 we 
danced gaily to the music of a tom-tom  
and a drum4 ,the affair was extremely   
interesting until the whisky entered and
 did its unpleasant work4 ,when our     
hosts began to fall over in the dance   
and slumber where they lay1 and when the
 squaws began to show the same ill      
effects of their refreshments1 we       
unostentatiously slipped away4  ,during 
the winter1 life offered us few         
diversions and many hardships4 ,our     
creek froze over1 and the water problem 
became a serious one1 which we met with 
increasing difficulty as the temperature
 steadily fell4 ,we melted snow and ice1
 and existed through the frozen months1 
but with an amount of discomfort which  
made us unwilling to repeat at least    
that special phase of our experience4   

,in the spring1 therefore1 ,i made a    
well4 ,long before this1 ,james had     
gone1 and ,harry and ,i were now the    
only out-door members of our            
working-force4 ,harry was still too     
small to help with the well2 but a young
 man1 who had formed the neighborly     
habit of riding eighteen miles to call  
on us1 gave me much friendly aid4 ,we   
located the well with a switch1 and when
 we had dug as far as we could reach    
with our spades1 my assistant descended 
into the hole and threw the earth up to 
the edge1 from which ,i in turn removed 
it4 ,as the well grew deeper we made a  
halfway shelf1 on which ,i stood1 he    
throwing the earth on the shelf1 and ,i 
shoveling it up from that point4 ,later1
 as he descended still farther into the 
hole we were making1 he shoveled the    
earth into buckets and passed them up to
 me1 ,i passing them on to my sister1   
who was now pressed into service4 ,when 
the excavation was deep enough we made  
the wall of slabs of wood1 roughly      

joined together4 ,i recall that well    
with calm content4 ,it was not a thing  
of beauty1 but it was a thoroughly      
practical well1 and it remained the only
 one we had during the twelve years the 
family occupied the cabin4  ,the second 
spring after our arrival ,harry and ,i  
extended our operations by tapping the  
sugar-bushes1 collecting all the sap1   
and carrying it home in pails slung from
 our yoke-laden shoulders4 ,together we 
made one hundred and fifty pounds of    
sugar and a barrel of syrup1 but here   
again1 as always1 we worked in primitive
 ways4 ,to get the sap we chopped a gash
 in the tree and drove in a spile4 ,then
 we dug out a trough to catch the sap4  
,it was no light task to lift these     
troughs full of sap and empty the sap   
into buckets1 but we did it             
successfully1 and afterward built fires 
and boiled it down4 ,by this time we had
 also cleared some of our ground1 and   
during the spring we were able to plow1 
dividing the work in a way that seemed  

fair to us both4 ,these were strenuous  
occupations for a boy of nine and a girl
 of thirteen1 but1 though we were not   
inordinately good children1 we never    
complained2 we found them very          
satisfactory substitutes for more normal
 bucolic joys4 ,inevitably1 we had our  
little tragedies4 ,our cow died1 and for
 an entire winter we went without milk4 
,our coffee soon gave out1 and as a     
substitute we made and used a mixture of
 browned peas and burnt rye4 ,in the    
winter we were always cold1 and the     
water problem1 until we had built our   
well1 was ever with us4  ,when ,i was   
fifteen years old ,i was offered a      
situation as school-teacher4 ,by this   
time the community was growing around us
 with the rapidity characteristic of    
these ,western settlements1 and we had  
nearer neighbors whose children needed  
instruction4 ,i passed an examination   
before a school-board consisting of     
three nervous and self-conscious men    
whose certificate ,i still hold1 and ,i 

at once began my professional career on 
the modest salary of two dollars a week 
and my board4 ,the school was four miles
 from my home1 so ,i boarded round with 
the families of my pupils1 staying two  
weeks in each place1 and often walking  
from three to six miles a day to and    
from my little log school-house in every
 kind of weather4 ,during the first year
 ,i had about fourteen pupils1 of       
varying ages1 sizes1 and temperaments1  
and there was hardly a book in the      
schoolroom except those ,i owned4 ,one  
little girl1 ,i remembered1 read from an
 almanac1 while a second used a         
hymn-book4  ,in winter the school-house 
was heated by a wood-stove to which the 
teacher had to give close personal      
attention4 ,i could not depend on my    
pupils to make the fires or carry in the
 fuel2 and it was often necessary to    
fetch the wood myself1 sometimes for    
long distances through the forest4      
,again and again1 after miles of walking
 through winter storms1 ,i reached the  

school-house with my clothing wet       
through1 and in these soaked garments ,i
 taught during the day4 ,in boarding    
round ,i often found myself in one-room 
cabins1 with bunks at the end and the   
sole partition a sheet or a blanket1    
behind which ,i slept with one or two of
 the children4 ,it was the custom on    
these occasions for the man of the house
 to delicately retire to the barn while 
we women got to bed1 and to disappear   
again in the morning while we dressed4  
,in some places the meals were so badly 
cooked that ,i could not eat them1 and  
often the only food my poor little      
pupils brought to school for their      
noonday meal was a piece of bread or a  
bit of raw pork4    #dbj          ,hero 
stories have a special place in the     
literature of childhood1 and of all such
         stories none has ever surpassed
 that of         ,leonidas and his brave
 ,spartans4 ,the account of         that
 famous event is given from ,miss       
,yonge's ,a         ,book of ,golden    

,deeds 7#ahfd71 which is yet one        
of the best storehouses of hero stories4
 ,it is         published in a variety  
of editions by different                
publishers1 and teachers will find it an
         excellent source for usable    
material4   ,,the ,,pass ,,of           
,,thermopylae  ,,charlotte ,m4 ,,yonge  
,b4 ,c4 #dcj  ,there was trembling in   
,greece4 ,the ,great ,king1 as the      
,greeks called the chief potentate of   
the ,east1 whose domains stretched from 
the ,indian ,caucasus to the ,aegaeus1  
from the ,caspian to the ,red ,sea1 was 
marshaling his forces against the little
 free states that nestled amid the rocks
 and gulfs of the ,eastern              
,mediterranean4 ,already had his might  
devoured the cherished colonies of the  
,greeks on the eastern shore of the     
,archipelago1 and every traitor to home 
institutions found a ready asylum at    
that despotic court1 and tried to       
revenge his own wrongs by whispering    
incitements to invasion4 ,all people1   

nations1 and languages1 was the         
commencement of the decrees of that     
monarch's court2 and it was scarcely a  
vain boast1 for his satraps ruled over  
subject kingdoms1 and among his         
tributary nations he counted the        
,chaldean1 with his learning and old    
civilization1 the wise and steadfast    
,jew1 the skillful ,phoenician1 the     
learned ,egyptian1 the wild freebooting 
,arab of the desert1 the dark-skinned   
,ethiopian1 and over all these ruled the
 keen witted1 active native ,persian    
race1 the conquerors of all the rest1   
and led by a chosen band proudly called 
the ,immortal4 ,his many                
capitals--,babylon the great1 ,susa1    
,persepolis1 and the like--were names of
 dreamy splendor to the ,greeks1        
described now and then by ,ionians from 
,asia ,minor who had carried their      
tribute to the ,king's own feet1 or by  
courtier slaves who had escaped with    
difficulty from being all too           
serviceable at the tyrannic court4 ,and 

the lord of this enormous empire was    
about to launch his countless host      
against the little cluster of states1   
the whole of which together would hardly
 equal one province of the huge ,asiatic
 realm6 ,moreover1 it was a war not only
 on the men but on their gods4 ,the     
,persians were zealous adorers of the   
sun and of fire1 they abhorred the      
idol-worship of the ,greeks1 and defiled
 and plundered every temple that fell in
 their way4 ,death and desolation were  
almost the best that could be looked for
 at such hands--slavery and torture from
 cruelly barbarous masters would only   
too surely be the lot of numbers1 should
 their land fall a prey to the          
conquerors4  ,true it was that ten years
 back the former ,great ,king had sent  
his best troops to be signally defeated 
upon the coast of ,attica2 but the      
losses at ,marathon had but stimulated  
the ,persian lust of conquest1 and the  
new ,king ,xerxes was gathering together
 such myriads of men as should crush    

down the ,greeks and overrun their      
country by mere force of numbers4  ,the 
muster place was at ,sardis1 and there  
,greek spies had seen the multitudes    
assembling and the state and            
magnificence of the king's attendants4  
,envoys had come from him to demand     
earth and water from each state in      
,greece1 as emblems that land and sea   
were his1 but each state was resolved to
 be free1 and only ,thessaly1 that which
 lay first in his path1 consented to    
yield the token of subjugation4 ,a      
council was held at the ,isthmus of     
,corinth1 and attended by deputies from 
all the states of ,greece to consider of
 the best means of defense4 ,the ships  
of the enemy would coast round the      
shores of the ,aegean sea1 the land army
 would cross the ,hellespont on a bridge
 of boats lashed together1 and march    
southwards into ,greece4 ,the only hope 
of averting the danger lay in defending 
such passages as1 from the nature of the
 ground1 were so narrow that only a few 

persons could fight hand to hand at     
once1 so that courage would be of more  
avail than numbers4  ,the first of these
 passes was called ,tempe1 and a body of
 troops was sent to guard it2 but they  
found that this was useless and         
impossible1 and came back again4 ,the   
next was at ,thermopylae4 ,look in your 
map of the ,archipelago1 or ,aegean     
,sea1 as it was then called1 for the    
great island of ,negropont1 or by its   
old name1 ,euboea4 ,it looks like a     
piece broken off from the coast1 and to 
the north is shaped like the head of a  
bird1 with the beak running into a gulf1
 that would fit over it1 upon the main  
land1 and between the island and the    
coast is an exceedingly narrow strait4  
,the ,persian army would have to march  
round the edge of the gulf4 ,they could 
not cut straight across the country1    
because the ridge of mountains called   
,oeta rose up and barred their way4     
,indeed1 the woods1 rocks1 and          
precipices came down so near the        

sea-shore that in two places there was  
only room for one single wheel track    
between the steeps and the impassable   
morass that formed the border of the    
gulf on its south side4 ,these two very 
narrow places were called the gates of  
the pass1 and were about a mile apart4  
,there was a little more width left in  
the intervening space2 but in this there
 were a number of springs of warm       
mineral water1 salt and sulphurous1     
which were used for the sick to bathe   
in1 and thus the place was called       
,thermopylae1 or the ,hot ,gates4 ,a    
wall had once been built across the     
westernmost of these narrow places1 when
 the ,thessalians and ,phocians1 who    
lived on either side of it1 had been at 
war with one another2 but it had been   
allowed to go to decay1 since the       
,phocians had found out that there was a
 very steep narrow mountain path along  
the bed of a torrent1 by which it was   
possible to cross from one territory to 
the other without going round this      

marshy coast road4  ,this was1          
therefore1 an excellent place to defend4
 ,the ,greek ships were all drawn up on 
the further side of ,euboea to prevent  
the ,persian vessels from getting into  
the strait and landing men beyond the   
pass1 and a division of the army was    
sent off to guard the ,hot ,gates4 ,the 
council at the ,isthmus did not know of 
the mountain pathway1 and thought that  
all would be safe as long as the        
,persians were kept out of the coast    
path4  ,the troops sent for this purpose
 were from different cities1 and        
amounted to about #d1jjj who were to    
keep the pass against two millions4 ,the
 leader of them was ,leonidas1 who had  
newly become one of the two kings of    
,sparta1 the city that above all in     
,greece trained its sons to be hardy    
soldiers1 dreading death infinitely less
 than shame4 ,leonidas had already made 
up his mind that the expedition would   
probably be his death1 perhaps because a
 prophecy had been given at the ,temple 

at ,delphi that ,sparta should be saved 
by the death of one of her kings of the 
race of ,hercules4 ,he was allowed by   
law to take with him #cjj men1 and these
 he chose most carefully1 not merely for
 their strength and courage1 but        
selecting those who had sons1 so that no
 family might altogether be destroyed4  
,these ,spartans1 with their helots or  
slaves1 made up his own share of the    
numbers1 but all the army was under his 
generalship4 ,it is even said that the  
#cjj celebrated their own funeral rites 
before they set out lest they should be 
deprived of them by the enemy1 since1 as
 we have already seen1 it was the ,greek
 belief that the spirits of the dead    
found no rest till their obsequies had  
been performed4 ,such preparations did  
not daunt the spirits of ,leonidas and  
his men1 and his wife1 ,gorgo1 was not a
 woman to be faint-hearted or hold him  
back4 ,long before1 when she was a very 
little girl1 a word of hers had saved   
her father from listening to a          

traitorous message from the ,king of    
,persia2 and every ,spartan lady was    
bred up to be able to say to those she  
best loved that they must come home from
 battle with the shield or on it--either
 carrying it victoriously or borne upon 
it as a corpse4  ,when ,leonidas came to
 ,thermopylae1 the ,phocians told him of
 the mountain path through the chestnut 
woods of ,mount ,oeta1 and begged to    
have the privilege of guarding it on a  
spot high up on the mountain side1      
assuring him that it was very hard to   
find at the other end1 and that there   
was every probability that the enemy    
would never discover it4 ,he consented1 
and encamping around the warm springs1  
caused the broken wall to be repaired1  
and made ready to meet the foe4  ,the   
,persian army were seen covering the    
whole country like locusts1 and the     
hearts of some of the southern ,greeks  
in the pass began to sink4 ,their homes 
in the ,peloponnesus were comparatively 
secure--had they not better fall back   

and reserve themselves to defend the    
,isthmus of ,corinth8 ,but ,leonidas1   
though ,sparta was safe below the       
,isthmus1 had no intention of abandoning
 his northern allies1 and kept the other
 ,peloponnesians to their posts1 only   
sending messengers for further help4    
,presently a ,persian on horseback rode 
up to reconnoiter the pass4 ,he could   
not see over the wall1 but in front of  
it and on the ramparts1 he saw the      
,spartans1 some of them engaged in      
active sports1 and others in combing    
their long hair4 ,he rode back to the   
king1 and told him what he had seen4    
,now1 ,xerxes had in his camp an exiled 
,spartan ,prince1 named ,demaratus1 who 
had become a traitor to his country1 and
 was serving as counselor to the enemy4 
,xerxes sent for him1 and asked whether 
his countrymen were mad to be thus      
employed instead of fleeing away2 but   
,demaratus made answer that a hard fight
 was no doubt in preparation1 and that  
it was the custom of the ,spartans to   

array their hair with especial care when
 they were about to enter upon any great
 peril4 ,xerxes would1 however1 not     
believe that so petty a force could     
intend to resist him1 and waited four   
days1 probably expecting his fleet to   
assist him1 but as it did not appear1   
the attack was made4  ,the ,greeks1     
stronger men and more heavily armed1    
were far better able to fight to        
advantage than the ,persians with their 
short spears and wicker shields1 and    
beat them off with great ease4 ,it is   
said that ,xerxes three times leapt off 
his throne in despair at the sight of   
his troops being driven backwards2 and  
thus for two days it seemed as easy to  
force a way through the ,spartans as    
through the rocks themselves4 ,nay1 how 
could slavish troops1 dragged from home 
to spread the victories of an ambitious 
king1 fight like freemen who felt that  
their strokes were to defend their homes
 and children8  ,but on that evening a  
wretched man1 named ,ephialtes1 crept   

into the ,persian camp1 and offered1 for
 a great sum of money1 to show the      
mountain path that would enable the     
enemy to take the brave defenders in the
 rear6 ,a ,persian general1 named       
,hydarnes1 was sent off at night-fall   
with a detachment to secure this        
passage1 and was guided through the     
thick forests that clothed the hillside4
 ,in the stillness of the air1 at       
daybreak1 the ,phocian guards of the    
path were startled by the crackling of  
the chestnut leaves under the tread of  
many feet4 ,they started up1 but a      
shower of arrows was discharged on them1
 and forgetting all save the present    
alarm1 they fled to a higher part of the
 mountain1 and the enemy1 without       
waiting to pursue them1 began to        
descend4  ,as day dawned1 morning light 
showed the watchers of the ,grecian camp
 below a glittering and shimmering in   
the torrent bed where the shaggy forests
 opened2 but it was not the sparkle of  
water1 but the shine of gilded helmets  

and the gleaming of silvered spears4    
,moreover1 a ,cimmerian crept over to   
the wall from the ,persian camp with    
tidings that the path had been betrayed1
 that the enemy were climbing it1 and   
would come down beyond the ,eastern     
,gate4 ,still1 the way was rugged and   
circuitous1 the ,persians would hardly  
descend before midday1 and there was    
ample time for the ,greeks to escape    
before they could thus be shut in by the
 enemy4  ,there was a short council held
 over the morning sacrifice4 ,megistias1
 the seer1 on inspecting the entrails of
 the slain victim1 declared1 as well he 
might1 that their appearance boded      
disaster4 ,him ,leonidas ordered to     
retire1 but he refused1 though he sent  
home his only son4 ,there was no        
disgrace to an ordinary tone of mind in 
leaving a post that could not be held1  
and ,leonidas recommended all the allied
 troops under his command to march away 
while yet the way was open4 ,as to      
himself and his ,spartans1 they had made

 up their minds to die at their post1   
and there could be no doubt that the    
example of such a resolution would do   
more to save ,greece than their best    
efforts could ever do if they were      
careful to reserve themselves for       
another occasion4  ,all the allies      
consented to retreat1 except the eighty 
men who came from ,mycenae and the #gjj 
,thespians1 who declared that they would
 not desert ,leonidas4 ,there were also 
#djj ,thebans who remained2 and thus the
 whole number that stayed with ,leonidas
 to confront two million of enemies were
 #adjj warriors1 besides the helots or  
attendants on the #cjj ,spartans1 whose 
number is not known1 but there was      
probably at least one to each4 ,leonidas
 had two kinsmen in the camp1 like      
himself1 claiming the blood of          
,hercules1 and he tried to save them by 
giving them letters and messages to     
,sparta2 but one answered that he had   
come to fight1 not to carry letters2 and
 the other1 that his deeds would tell   

all that ,sparta wished to know4        
,another ,spartan1 named ,dienices1 when
 told that the enemy's archers were so  
numerous that their arrows darkened the 
sun1 replied1 ,so much the better1 we   
shall fight in the shade4 ,two of the   
#cjj had been sent to a neighboring     
village1 suffering severely from a      
complaint in the eyes4 ,one of them1    
called ,eurytus1 put on his armor1 and  
commanded his helot to lead him to his  
place in the ranks2 the other1 called   
,aristodemus1 was so overpowered with   
illness that he allowed himself to be   
carried away with the retreating allies4
 ,it was still early in the day when all
 were gone1 and ,leonidas gave the word 
to his men to take their last meal4     
,to-night1 he said1 we shall sup with   
,pluto4  ,hitherto1 he had stood on the 
defensive1 and had husbanded the lives  
of his men2 but he now desired to make  
as great a slaughter as possible1 so as 
to inspire the enemy with dread of the  
,grecian name4 ,he therefore marched out

 beyond the wall1 without waiting to be 
attacked1 and the battle began4 ,the    
,persian captains went behind their     
wretched troops and scourged them on to 
the fight with whips6 ,poor wretches1   
they were driven on to be slaughtered1  
pierced with the ,greek spears1 hurled  
into the sea1 or trampled into the mud  
of the morass2 but their inexhaustible  
numbers told at length4 ,the spears of  
the ,greeks broke under hard service1   
and their swords alone remained2 they   
began to fall1 and ,leonidas himself was
 among the first of the slain4 ,hotter  
than ever was the fight over his corpse1
 and two ,persian princes1 brothers of  
,xerxes1 were there killed2 but at      
length word was brought that ,hydarnes  
was over the pass1 and that the few     
remaining men were thus enclosed on all 
sides4 ,the ,spartans and ,thespians    
made their way to a little hillock      
within the wall1 resolved to let this be
 the place of their last stand2 but the 
hearts of the ,thebans failed them1 and 

they came towards the ,persians holding 
out their hands in entreaty for mercy4  
,quarter was given to them1 but they    
were all branded with the king's mark as
 untrustworthy deserters4 ,the helots   
probably at this time escaped into the  
mountains2 while the small desperate    
band stood side by side on the hill     
still fighting to the last1 some with   
swords1 others with daggers1 others even
 with their hands and teeth1 till not   
one living man remained amongst them    
when the sun went down4 ,there was only 
a mound of slain1 bristled over with    
arrows4  ,twenty thousand ,persians had 
died before that handful of men6 ,xerxes
 asked ,demaratus if there were many    
more at ,sparta like these1 and was told
 there were #h1jjj4 ,it must have been  
with a somewhat failing heart that he   
invited his courtiers from the fleet to 
see what he had done to the men who     
dared to oppose him1 and showed them the
 head and arm of ,leonidas set up upon a
 cross2 but he took care that all his   

own slain1 except #a1jjj1 should first  
be put out of sight4 ,the body of the   
brave king was buried where he fell1 as 
were those of the other dead4 ,much     
envied were they by the unhappy         
,aristodemus1 who found himself called  
by no name but the ,coward1 and was     
shunned by all his fellow-citizens4 ,no 
one would give him fire or water1 and   
after a year of misery1 he redeemed his 
honor by perishing in the forefront of  
the battle of ,plataea1 which was the   
last blow that drove the ,persians      
ingloriously from ,greece4  ,the ,greeks
 then united in doing honor to the brave
 warriors who1 had they been better     
supported1 might have saved the whole   
country from invasion4 ,the poet        
,simonides wrote the inscriptions that  
were engraved upon the pillars that were
 set up in the pass to commemorate this 
great action4 ,one was outside the wall1
 where most of the fighting had been4   
,it seems to have been in honor of the  
whole number who had for two days       

resisted--          ,here did four      
thousand men from ,pelops' land         
,against three hundred myriads bravely  
stand4  ,in honor of the ,spartans was  
another column--          ,go1 traveler1
 to ,sparta tell         ,that here1    
obeying her1 we fell4  ,on the little   
hillock of the last resistance was      
placed the figure of a stone lion1 in   
memory of ,leonidas1 so fitly named the 
lion-like2 and ,simonides1 at his own   
expense1 erected a pillar to his friend1
 the seer ,megistias--          ,the    
great ,megistias' tomb you here may     
view1         ,who slew the ,medes1     
fresh from ,spercheius fords2           
,well the wise seer the coming death    
foreknew1         ,yet scorn'd he to    
forsake his ,spartan lords4  ,the names 
of the #cjj were likewise engraven on a 
pillar at ,sparta4  ,lion1 pillars1 and 
inscriptions have all long since passed 
away1 even the very spot itself has     
changed2 new soil has been formed1 and  
there are miles of solid ground between 

,mount ,oeta and the gulf1 so that the  
,hot ,gates no longer exist4 ,but more  
enduring than stone or brass--nay1 than 
the very battle-field itself--has been  
the name of ,leonidas4 ,two thousand    
three hundred years have sped since he  
braced himself to perish for his        
country's sake in that narrow1 marshy   
coast road1 under the brow of the wooded
 crags1 with the sea by his side4 ,since
 that time how many hearts have glowed1 
how many arms have been nerved at the   
remembrance of the ,pass of             
,thermopylae1 and the defeat that was   
worth so much more than a victory6      
,,section ,,xii  ,,home ,,reading ,,list
 ,,and ,,general ,,index          4 4 4 
,forsooth he cometh unto you with a tale
         which holdeth children from    
play1 and old men         from the      
chimney corner2 and1 pretending no      
more1 doth intend the winning of the    
mind from         wickedness to virtue  
even as the child is often              
brought to take most wholesome things by

 hiding         them in such others as  
have a pleasant         taste4 4 4 4    
--,sir ,philip ,sidney1 ,an ,apologie   
for ,poetrie4     ,,section ,,xii4      
,,home ,,reading ,,list ,,and ,,general 
,,index  ,a ,,home ,,reading ,,list     
,children are such omnivorous readers   
that teachers and parents are constantly
 at their wit's end1 not only in naming 
enough books to supply their demands1   
but in grouping these books according to
 the order of difficulty4 ,most public  
libraries can furnish such lists based  
upon their experience with children4 ,in
 fact no modern public library can carry
 on its work successfully without an    
especially prepared librarian in charge 
of the books for children4 ,the         
arrangement of any list by grades must  
at best be only approximate1 but if done
 in the light of a wide experience may  
be of the greatest practical help to the
 young teacher or to the parent4 ,the   
following list is one issued by the     
,chicago ,public ,library1 and is used  

here through the great kindness of ,miss
 ,adah ,f4 ,whitcomb1 supervisor of the 
children's room and director of the     
training class4 ,any well-selected      
collection for children will contain a  
large proportion of these titles1 and   
the list is extended enough and varied  
enough to furnish attractive reading    
material for any young person4 ,at need 
it may be supplemented by the more      
elaborate lists found in some of the    
guides mentioned in the ,general        
,bibliography 7p4 #b74   ,,first ,,grade
    ,banta1 ,n4 ,moore1 and ,benson1    
,alpha ,b41 ,brownie ,primer4           
,blaisdell1 ,mary ,frances1 ,mother     
,goose ,children4    ,brooke1 ,leonard  
,leslie1 ,johnny ,crow's ,garden4       
----1 ,johnny ,crow's ,party4           
,buffum1 ,katharine ,g41 ,mother ,goose 
in ,silhouettes4    ,craik1 ,georgiana  
,marion1 ,so-fat and ,mew-mew4          
,crane1 ,walter1 ,beauty and the ,beast 
,picture ,book4    ----1 ,bluebeard's   
,picture ,book4    ----1 ,cinderella's  

,picture ,book4    ----1 ,goody ,two    
,shoes ,picture ,book4    ----1 ,mother 
,hubbard1 ,her ,picture ,book4    ----1 
,red ,riding ,hood's ,picture ,book4    
----1 ,song of ,sixpence4    ----1 ,this
 ,little ,pig1 ,his ,picture ,book4     
----1 ,buckle ,my ,shoe4    ,fox1       
,florence ,cornelia1 ,the ,indian       
,primer4    ,gaynor1 ,mrs4 ,jessie      
,love1 and ,riley1 ,alice ,c4 ,d41      
,songs of the      ,child-,world4       
,greenaway1 ,kate1 ,under the ,window4  
,haaren1 ,john ,henry1 ,rhymes and      
,fables4    ,howard1 ,frederick ,ward1  
,banbury ,cross ,stories4    ,lansing1  
,marion ,florence1 ,the ,child's ,world 
,garden4    ,le ,fevre1 ,felicite1 ,the 
,cock1 the ,mouse1 and the ,little ,red 
,hen4    ,lucas1 ,edward ,verrall1 ,four
 and ,twenty ,toilers4    ,mother       
,goose1 ,the ,real ,mother ,goose       
7illus4 by ,blanche ,fisher             
,wright74    ,noyes1 ,marion1 ,the      
,sunshine ,primer4    ,saxby1 ,lewis1   
,life of a ,wooden ,doll4    ,seton1    

,ernest ,thompson1 ,wild ,animal ,play  
for ,children4    ,skinner1 ,a4 ,m41 and
 ,lawrence1 ,l4 ,n41 ,little ,dramas for
 ,primary      ,grades4    ,smith1      
,elmer ,boyd1 ,chicken ,world4          
,varney1 ,a4 ,s41 ,the ,robin ,reader4  
,welsh1 ,charles1 7ed471 ,mother ,goose 
,nursery ,rhymes4    ,wiltse1 ,sara ,e41
 ,folklore ,stories and ,proverbs4      
,,second ,,grade    ,adelborg1 ,ottilia1
 ,clean ,peter and the ,children of     
,grubbylea4    ,a,esopus1 ,fables       
7,dalkeith ed474    ,bannerman1 ,mrs4   
,helen1 ,story of ,little ,black ,sambo4
    ,bass1 ,florence1 ,nature ,stories  
for ,young ,readers3 ,animal ,life4     
----1 ,nature ,stories for ,young       
,readers3 ,plant ,life4    ,bryce1      
,catherine ,turner1 ,stevenson ,reader4 
,burgess1 ,gelett1 ,goops1 and ,how to  
,be ,them4    ----1 ,more ,goops1 and   
,how ,not to ,be ,them4    ,caldecott1  
,randolph1 ,come ,lasses ,picture ,book4
    ----1 ,hey ,diddle ,diddle ,picture 
,book4    ,coe1 ,ida1 ,story ,hour      

,readers4 ,vols4 #c1 #d4    ,cooke1     
,flora ,j41 ,nature ,myths and ,stories 
for ,little ,children4    ,craik1       
,georgiana ,marion1 ,bow-wow and        
,mew-mew4    ,crane1 ,walter1 ,baby's   
,own ,a,esop4    ,deming1 ,therese      
,osterheld1 ,little ,indian ,folk4      
----1 ,little ,red ,people4    ,dodge1  
,mary ,mapes1 ,rhymes and ,jingles4     
,greenaway1 ,kate1 ,marigold ,garden4   
,haaren1 ,john ,henry1 ,songs and       
,stories4    ,hix1 ,melvin1             
,once-upon-a-,time ,stories4    ,ivimey1
 ,john ,william1 ,three ,blind ,mice4   
,mc,cullough1 ,annie ,willis1 ,little   
,stories for ,little ,people4    ,moore1
 ,annie ,e41 ,pennies and ,plans4       
,murray1 ,clara1 ,the ,child at ,play4  
,poulsson1 ,emilie1 ,the ,runaway       
,donkey and ,other ,rhymes4    ----1    
,through the ,farmyard ,gate4    ,smith1
 ,elmer ,boyd1 ,farm ,book4    ----1    
,santa ,claus ,book4    ----1 ,seashore 
,book4    ,smith1 ,gertrude1 ,lovable   
,tales of ,janey and ,josey and ,joe4   

----1 ,roggie and ,reggie ,stories4     
,tileston1 ,mary ,wilder ,foote1 ,sugar 
and ,spice and ,all ,that's      ,nice4 
,tolman1 ,stella ,webster ,carroll1     
,around the ,world1 ,vol4 #a4           
,turpin1 ,edna ,henry ,lee1 ,classic    
,fables4    ,weatherly1 ,f4 ,e41 ,the   
,book of ,gnomes4   ,,third ,,grade     
,aspinwall1 ,mrs4 ,alicia1 ,short       
,stories for ,short ,people4    ,bailey1
 ,carolyn ,sherwin1 ,boys and ,girls of 
,colonial ,days4    ,brocks1 ,dorothy1  
,red ,children4    ,brooke1 ,leonard    
,leslie1 ,golden ,goose ,book4          
,brown1 ,abbie ,farwell1 ,christmas     
,angel4    ----1 ,lonesomest ,doll4     
,browning1 ,robert1 ,pied ,piper of     
,hamelin 7illus4 by ,hope      ,dunlap74
    ,chisholm1 ,louey1 ,nursery ,rhymes4
    ,deming1 ,mrs4 ,therese ,osterheld1 
,children of the ,wild4    ----1 ,little
 ,brothers of the ,west4    ,dodge1     
,mrs4 ,mary ,mapes1 ,new ,baby ,world4  
,field1 ,eugene1 ,lullaby-land3 ,songs  
of ,childhood4    ,foulke1 ,elizabeth   

,e41 ,braided ,straws4    ----1         
,twilight ,stories4    ,francis1 ,joseph
 ,greene1 ,book of ,cheerful ,cats and  
,other ,animated      ,animals4         
,gates1 ,mrs4 ,josephine ,scribner1     
,story of ,live ,dolls4    ,gerson1     
,virginia1 ,happy ,heart ,family4       
,grimm1 ,jacob ,l4 ,k41 and ,wilhelm1   
,k41 ,fairy ,tales 7,lucas ed474        
----1 ,fairy ,tales 7,wiltse ed474      
,haaren1 ,john ,henry1 ,fairy ,life4    
,lang1 ,andrew1 ,prince ,darling1 and   
,other ,stories4    ,lansing1 ,marion   
,florence1 ,rhymes and ,stories4        
,mc,murry1 ,mrs4 ,lida ,brown1 ,classic 
,stories for the ,little ,ones4         
,morley1 ,margaret ,warner1             
,seed-,babies4    ,peary1 ,mrs4         
,josephine ,diebitsch1 ,snow ,baby4     
,perkins1 ,lucy ,fitch1 ,dutch ,twins4  
----1 ,japanese ,twins4    ,pierson1    
,clara ,dillingham1 ,among the ,farmyard
 ,people4    ,pyle1 ,katharine1         
,careless ,jane1 and ,other ,tales4     
,shute1 ,katherine ,h41 ,land of ,song1 

,vol4 #a4    ,tappan1 ,eva ,march1      
,dixie ,kitten4    ----1 ,golden ,goose4
    ,thorne-,thomsen1 ,mrs4 ,gudrun1    
,east o' the ,sun4    ,trimmer1 ,mrs4   
,sarah ,k41 ,history of the ,robins4    
,valentine1 ,mrs4 ,laura ,jewry1 ,aunt  
,louisa's ,book of ,fairy ,tales4       
,woodward1 ,alice ,b41 ,peter ,pan      
,picture ,book4   ,,fourth ,,grade      
,alden1 ,raymond ,macdonald1 ,why the   
,chimes ,rang4    ,andersen1 ,hans      
,christian1 ,fairy ,tales 7,lucas ed474 
,barrie1 ,james ,matthew1 ,peter ,pan in
 ,kensington ,gardens4    ,brown1 ,abbie
 ,farwell1 ,john of the ,woods4         
,brown1 ,helen ,dawes1 ,little ,miss    
,phoebe ,gay4    ,browne1 ,frances1     
,granny's ,wonderful ,chair1 and ,its   
,tales of      ,fairy ,times4           
,campbell1 ,helen ,le,roy1 ,story of    
,konrad1 the ,swiss ,boy4    ,carryl1   
,charles ,edward1 ,davy and the ,goblin4
    ,craik1 ,mrs4 ,dinah ,maria1        
,adventures of a ,brownie4    ,crichton1
 ,mrs4 ,f4 ,e41 ,peep-in-the-,world4    

,drummond1 ,henry1 ,monkey ,that ,would 
,not ,kill4    ,faulkner1 ,georgene1    
,italian ,fairy ,tales4    ----1        
,russian ,fairy ,tales4    ,grimm1      
,jacob ,l4 ,k41 and ,wilhelm ,k41       
,household ,fairy ,tales1 tr4      by   
,l4 ,crane4    ,hopkins1 ,william ,john1
 ,sandman3 ,his ,farm ,stories4         
,houghton1 ,mrs4 ,louise ,seymour1      
,russian ,grandmother's ,wonder         
,tales4    ,ingelow1 ,jean1 ,mopsa the  
,fairy4    ,lang1 ,andrew1 ,aladdin and 
the ,wonderful ,lamp4    ----1 ,nursery 
,rhyme ,book4    ----1 ,pretty          
,goldilocks4    ----1 ,snow ,man4       
----1 ,snow ,queen4    ,lindsay1 ,maud1 
and ,poulsson1 ,emilie1 ,joyous         
,travelers4    ,lorenzini1 ,carlo1      
,adventures of ,pinocchio4    ,lucas1   
,edward ,verrall1 ,book of ,verses for  
,children4    ,macdonald1 ,george1      
,princess and the ,goblin4    ,morley1  
,margaret ,warner1 ,donkey ,john of ,toy
 ,valley4    ,o',shea1 ,michael         
,vincent1 ,old ,world ,wonder ,stories4 

,paine1 ,albert ,bigelow1 ,how ,mr4 ,dog
 ,got ,even4    ----1 ,how ,mr4 ,rabbit 
,lost ,his ,tail4    ,peck1 ,harry      
,thurston1 ,adventures of ,mabel4       
,pierson1 ,mrs4 ,clara ,dillingham1     
,three ,little ,millers4    ,pyle1      
,katharine1 ,as the ,goose ,flies4      
----1 ,christmas ,angel4    ----1       
,counterpane ,fairy4    ,richards1 ,mrs4
 ,laura ,e41 ,joyous ,story of ,toto4   
----1 ,toto's ,merry ,winter4           
,schwartz1 ,julia ,augusta1 ,five       
,little ,strangers4    ,scudder1 ,horace
 ,e41 ,book of ,fables4    ----1 ,book  
of ,folk ,stories4    ----1 ,children's 
,book4    ,segur1 ,sophie ,r4 de1 ,story
 of a ,donkey4    ,thorne-,thomsen1     
,mrs4 ,gudrun1 ,birch and the ,star4    
,walker1 ,margaret ,coulson1 ,lady      
,hollyhock and ,her ,friends4    ,welsh1
 ,charles1 ,fairy ,tales ,children      
,love4    ,wette1 ,a4 ,h41 ,hansel and  
,gretel 7illus4 in colors74    ,white1  
,eliza ,orne1 ,when ,molly ,was ,six4   
,williston1 ,teresa ,peirce1 ,japanese  

,fairy ,tales4    ,zwilgmeyer1 ,dikken1 
,johnny ,blossom4   ,,fifth ,,grade     
,alden1 ,william ,livingston1 ,cruise of
 the ,canoe ,club4    ----1 ,cruise of  
the ,ghost4    ----1 ,moral ,pirates4   
,baldwin1 ,james1 ,old ,greek ,stories4 
,brown1 ,abbie ,farwell1 ,in the ,days  
of ,giants4    ,burnett1 ,frances       
,hodgson1 ,little ,lord ,fauntleroy4    
,caldwell1 ,frank1 ,wolf1 the ,storm    
,leader4    ,coburn1 ,claire ,martha1   
,our ,little ,swedish ,cousin4          
,colum1 ,padraic1 ,boy ,who ,knew ,what 
the ,birds ,said4    ,dodgson1 ,charles 
,lutwidge1 ,alice in ,wonderland4       
,duncan1 ,norman1 ,adventures of ,billy 
,topsail4    ,french1 ,allen1 ,story of 
,rolf and the ,viking's ,bow4           
,golding1 ,vautier1 ,story of ,david    
,livingstone4    ,gordy1 ,wilbur ,fisk1 
,american ,leaders and ,heroes4         
,grinnell1 ,george ,bird1 ,jack among   
the ,indians4    ,hall1 ,jennie1 ,viking
 ,tales4    ,jacobs1 ,joseph1 ,celtic   
,fairy ,tales4    ----1 ,english ,fairy 

,tales4    ,jenks1 ,albert ,ernest1     
,childhood of ,ji-shib1 the ,ojibway4   
,kaler1 ,james ,otis1 ,mr4 ,stubbs'     
,brother4    ----1 ,toby ,tyler4        
,kipling1 ,rudyard1 ,just-,so ,stories4 
,lucas1 ,edward ,verrall1 ,book of      
,verses for ,children4    ,mabie1       
,hamilton ,wright1 ,norse ,stories4     
,mighels1 ,philip ,verrill1 ,sunnyside  
,tad4    ,olcott1 ,frances ,jenkins1    
,fairies and ,elves4    ----1 ,arabian  
,nights4    ,paine1 ,albert ,bigelow1   
,arkansaw ,bear4    ,pendleton1 ,louis  
,b41 ,in the ,camp of the ,creeks4      
,pyle1 ,howard1 ,garden behind the      
,moon4    ----1 ,story of ,king ,arthur 
and ,his ,knights4    ----1 ,wonder     
,clock4    ,pyle1 ,katharine1 ,nancy    
,rutledge4    ,richards1 ,laura ,e41    
,captain ,january4    ,schultz1 ,james  
,willard1 ,with the ,indians in the     
,rockies4    ,seton1 ,ernest ,thompson1 
,lives of the ,hunted4    ,spyri1 ,mrs4 
,johanna1 ,heidi4    ,stockton1 ,frank  
,r41 ,fanciful ,tales4    ,stoddard1    

,william ,osborn1 ,little ,smoke4       
,tappan1 ,eva ,march1 ,robin ,hood3 ,his
 ,book4    ,thackeray1 ,william         
,makepeace1 ,rose and the ,ring4        
,wesselhoeft1 ,lily ,f41 ,sparrow1 the  
,tramp4    ,wiggin1 ,kate ,douglas1     
,birds' ,christmas ,carol4    ,wiggin1  
,kate ,douglas1 and ,smith1 ,nora ,a41  
,fairy ,ring4    ,wyss1 ,johann ,david1 
,swiss ,family ,robinson4    ,zollinger1
 ,gulielma1 ,widow ,o',callaghan's      
,boys4   ,,sixth ,,grade    ,alcott1    
,louisa ,m41 ,eight ,cousins4    ----1  
,jack and ,jill4    ,baldwin1 ,james1   
,story of the ,golden ,age4    ----1    
,story of ,roland4    ----1 ,story of   
,siegfried4    ,bennett1 ,john1 ,barnaby
 ,lee4    ,bond1 ,alexander ,russell1   
,pick1 ,shovel and ,pluck4    ,bostock1 
,frank ,charles1 ,training of ,wild     
,animals4    ,brooks1 ,elbridge         
,streeter1 ,master of the ,strong       
,hearts4    ,brooks1 ,noah1 ,boy        
,emigrants 7illus4 ed474    ,browne1    
,belmore1 ,quest of the ,golden ,valley4

    ,burnett1 ,mrs4 ,frances ,hodgson1  
,little ,princess4    ,crump1 ,irving1  
,boys' ,book of ,firemen4    ,daviess1  
,marie ,thompson1 ,phyllis4    ,defoe1  
,daniel1 ,robinson ,crusoe4    ,dix1    
,beulah ,marie1 ,merrylips4    ,dodge1  
,mrs4 ,mary ,mapes1 ,hans ,brinker4     
,du,bois1 ,mary ,constance1 ,lass of the
 ,silver ,sword4    ,eggleston1 ,george 
,cary1 ,last of the ,flatboats4         
,ford1 ,sewell4 ,horses ,nine4          
,french1 ,allen1 ,story of ,greltir the 
,strong4    ----1 ,junior ,cup4         
,greene1 ,frances ,n41 and ,kirk1 ,dolly
 ,w41 ,with ,spurs of ,gold4    ,greene1
 ,homer1 ,blind ,brother4    ,gregor1   
,elmer ,russell1 ,red ,arrow4    ,hamp1 
,sidford ,frederick1 ,treasure of       
,mushroom ,rock4    ,hawkes1 ,clarence1 
,shaggycoat3 the ,biography of a        
,beaver4    ,hudson1 ,william ,henry1   
,little ,boy ,lost4    ,inman1 ,henry1  
,ranche on the ,oxhide4    ,irving1     
,washington1 ,rip ,van ,winkle4         
,jacobs1 ,joseph1 ,indian ,fairy ,tales4

    ,johnston1 ,william ,allen1 ,deeds  
of ,doing and ,daring4    ,kipling1     
,rudyard1 ,jungle ,book4    ,lang1      
,andrew1 ,red ,true ,story ,book4       
,little1 ,francis1 ,camp ,jolly4        
,lothrop1 ,mrs4 ,harriet ,mulford1 ,five
 ,little ,peppers4    ,munroe1 ,kirk1   
,flamingo ,feather4    ,page1 ,thomas   
,nelson1 ,two ,little ,confederates4    
,pyle1 ,katharine1 ,theodora4           
,rankin1 ,mrs4 ,carroll ,watson1        
,dandelion ,cottage4    ,roberts1       
,theodore1 ,red ,feathers4    ,seaman1  
,augusta ,huiell1 ,boarded-up ,house4   
,seawell1 ,molly ,elliot1 ,little       
,jarvis4    ,seton1 ,ernest ,thompson1  
,wild ,animals ,i ,have ,known4         
,stockton1 ,frank ,r41 ,bee-,man of     
,orn4    ,stoddard1 ,william ,osborn1   
,red ,mustang4    ,swift1 ,jonathan1    
,gulliver's ,travels4    ,wade1 ,mrs4   
,mary ,hazelton ,b41 ,wonder ,workers4  
,wallace1 ,dillon1 ,arctic ,stowaways4  
,wesselhoeft1 ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,foster1 
,jack1 the ,fire ,dog4   ,,seventh      

,,grade    ,adams1 ,joseph ,henry1      
,harper's ,indoor ,book for ,boys4      
,harper's      ,outdoor ,book for ,boys4
    ,alcott1 ,louisa ,m41 ,jo's ,boys4  
,old-fashioned ,girl4 ,under the        
,lilacs4    ,altsheler1 ,joseph         
,alexander1 ,forest ,runners4 ,free     
,rangers4      ,young ,trailers4        
,barnes1 ,james1 ,hero of ,erie3 ,oliver
 ,hazard ,perry4 ,yankee ,ships      and
 ,yankee ,sailors4    ,browne1 ,belmore1
 ,white ,blanket4    ,bullen1 ,frank    
,thomas1 ,cruise of the ,cachalot4      
,burton1 ,charles ,pierce1 ,the ,boys of
 ,bob's ,hill4    ,canavan1 ,michael    
,joseph1 ,ben ,comee3 a ,tale of        
,roger's ,rangers4    ,day1 ,holman     
,francis1 ,eagle ,badge4    ,deland1    
,ellen ,douglas1 ,oakleigh4    ,dix1    
,beulah ,marie1 ,little ,captive ,lad4  
,dodge1 ,mrs4 ,mary ,mapes1 ,donald and 
,dorothy4    ,drysdale1 ,william1 ,beach
 ,patrol4 ,cadet ,standish of the ,st4  
,louis4 ,fast ,mail4 ,young ,supercargo4
    ,foa1 ,eugenie1 ,boy ,life of       

,napoleon4    ,garland1 ,hamlin1 ,long  
,trail4    ,greene1 ,homer1 ,pickett's  
,gap4    ,grey1 ,zane1 ,young ,forester4
 ,young ,pitcher4    ,grinnell1 ,george 
,bird1 ,jack among the ,indians4 ,jack  
in the      ,rockies4 ,jack1 the ,young 
,ranchman4    ,hawthorne1 ,nathaniel1   
,grandfather's ,chair4    ,henley1      
,william ,ernest1 ,lyra ,heroica3 ,book 
of ,verse for ,boys4    ,hill1 ,t41     
,fighting a ,fire4    ,hough1 ,emerson1 
,young ,alaskans4    ,hughes1 ,thomas1  
,tom ,brown's ,school ,days4            
,jackson1 ,mrs4 ,helen ,hunt1 ,nellie's 
,silver ,mine4    ,jacobs1 ,caroline    
,emilia1 ,joan's ,jolly ,vacation4 ,joan
 of ,juniper      ,inn4    ,kieffer1    
,henry ,martyn1 ,recollections of a     
,drummer-,boy4    ,munroe1 ,kirk1 ,at   
,war with ,pontiac4 ,cab and ,caboose4  
,pyle1 ,howard1 ,otto of the ,silver    
,hand4    ,quirk1 ,leslie ,w41 ,baby    
,elton1 ,quarterback4    ,roberts1      
,charles ,g4 ,d41 ,kindred of the ,wild4
    ,seton1 ,ernest ,thompson1 ,two     

,little ,savages4    ,stockton1 ,frank  
,r41 ,buccaneers and ,pirates of ,our   
,coast4    ,stoddard1 ,william ,osborn1 
,red ,patriot4 ,white ,cave4 ,lost      
,gold of the ,montezumas4    ,tolman1   
,albert ,walter1 ,jim ,spurling1        
,fisherman4    ,tomlinson1 ,everett     
,titsworth1 ,search for ,andrew ,field4 
,three      ,colonial ,boys4 ,red       
,chief4 ,marching against the ,iroquois4
    ,wiggin1 ,kate ,douglas1 ,rebecca of
 ,sunnybrook ,farm4    ,zollinger1      
,gulielma1 ,maggie ,mc,lanehan4         
,,eighth ,,grade    ,adams1 ,andy1      
,wells ,brothers3 the ,young ,cattle    
,kings4    ,ashmun1 ,margaret ,eliza1   
,isabel ,carlton's ,year4    ,barbour1  
,ralph ,henry1 ,behind the ,line4       
,crimson ,sweater4    ,beach1 ,edward   
,latimer1 ,annapolis ,first ,classman4  
,bennett1 ,john1 ,master ,skylark4      
,catherwood1 ,mary ,hartwell1 ,story of 
,tonty4    ,cervantes-,saavedra ,m4 de1 
,don ,quixote4    ,clemens1 ,samuel ,l41
 ,prince and the ,pauper4    ,coffin1   

,charles ,carleton1 ,boys of '#gf4      
,cooper1 ,james ,fenimore1 ,deerslayer4 
,dana1 ,richard ,henry1 ,two ,years     
before the ,mast4    ,doubleday1        
,russell1 ,cattle-,ranch to ,college4   
,driggs1 ,lawrence ,la ,tourette1       
,adventures of ,arnold ,adair1          
,american ,ace4    ,duncan1 ,norman1    
,adventures of ,billy ,topsail4         
,eggleston1 ,george ,cary1 ,bale ,marked
 ,circle ,x4    ,french1 ,harry ,w41    
,the ,lance of ,kanana4    ,gilbert1    
,a41 ,more than ,conquerors4    ,gordon1
 ,charles ,william1 ,glengarry ,school  
,days4    ,goss1 ,warren ,lee1 ,jed4    
,hamp1 ,sidford ,frederick1 ,dale and   
,fraser1 ,sheepmen4    ,hill1 ,frederick
 ,trevor1 ,on the ,trail of ,grant and  
,lee4    ,homer1 ,adventures of         
,odysseus4 7,colum ed474    ,hughes1    
,rupert1 ,lakerim ,athletic ,club4      
,johnston1 ,charles ,haven ,l41 ,famous 
,scouts4    ,kipling1 ,rudyard1         
,captains ,courageous4    ,london1      
,jack1 ,call of the ,wild4    ,macleod1 

,mary1 ,shakespeare ,story ,book4       
,malory1 ,sir ,thomas1 ,book of ,king   
,arthur and ,his ,noble ,knights4       
,masefield1 ,john1 ,martin ,hyde4       
,meigs1 ,cornelia1 ,master ,simon's     
,garden4    ,moffett1 ,cleveland1       
,careers of ,danger and ,daring4        
,montgomery1 ,lucy ,maud1 ,anne of      
,green ,gables4    ,nicolay1 ,helen1    
,boys' ,life of ,abraham ,lincoln4      
,ollivant1 ,alfred1 ,bob1 ,son of       
,battle4    ,parkman1 ,mary1 ,heroes of 
,to-day4    ,pendleton1 ,louis ,b41     
,king ,tom and the ,runaways4    ,pyle1 
,howard1 ,men of ,iron4 ,story of ,jack 
,ballister's ,fortunes4    ,rice1 ,alice
 ,caldwell ,h41 ,mrs4 ,wiggs of the     
,cabbage ,patch4    ,richards1 ,laura   
,e41 ,florence ,nightingale4            
,richmond1 ,grace ,l41 ,round the       
,corner in ,gay ,street4    ,roberts1   
,charles ,g4 ,d41 ,heart of the ,ancient
 ,wood4    ,rolt-,wheeler1 ,francis     
,william1 ,boy with the ,u4 ,s4         
,foresters4    ,schultz1 ,james         

,william1 ,quest of the ,fish-,dog      
,skin4    ,seaman1 ,augusta ,huiell1    
,girl ,next ,door4    ,singmaster1      
,elsie1 ,emmeline4    ,tappan1 ,eva     
,march1 ,in the ,days of ,queen         
,elizabeth4    ,thompson1 ,arthur       
,ripley1 ,gold-,seeking on the ,dalton  
,trail4    ,thompson1 ,james ,maurice1  
,alice of ,old ,vincennes4    ,thurston1
 ,ida ,treadwell1 ,bishop's ,shadow4    
,trowbridge1 ,john ,townsend1 ,cudjo's  
,cave4    ,verne1 ,jules1 ,twenty       
,thousand ,leagues under the ,sea4      
,verrill1 ,alpheus ,hyatt1 ,marooned in 
the ,forest4    ,wallace1 ,dillon1      
,wilderness ,castaways4    ,wallace1    
,lewis1 ,ben ,hur4    ,waller1 ,mary    
,ella1 ,daughter of the ,rich4          
,,index   7,a number in blackface type  
refers to a page on which appears a     
literary selection under the title1 by  
the author1 or from the book preceding  
the number4 ,book titles are in italics2
 selection titles and index topics in   
roman type2 names of authors in capitals

 and small capitals2 and first lines of 
nursery rhymes within quotation marks4  
,see ,bibliography for authors and book 
titles not given in this ,index47       
,abou ,ben ,adhem1 #dad    ,a cat came  
fiddling out of a barn1 #bc             
,accumulative story2 ,see ,stories      
,,addison1 ,j41 #bid    ,a diller1 a    
dollar1 #bc    ,,adler1 ,f41 #ec1 #bfc  
,admetus and the ,shepherd1 #ccg        
,adventures of ,arthur1 #eih    ,,aesop1
 #bff-bfh1 #bgb1 #bgc-bgh1 #bfd         
,against ,idleness and ,mischief1 #djg  
,age of ,fable1 ,the1 #cci1 #cdc1 #cch  
,,aikin1 ,j41 #dea    ,,alden1 ,r4 ,m41 
#bbc    ,ali ,baba1 and the ,forty      
,thieves1 #egi    ,alice in ,wonderland1
 #dje    ,allegory1 #bib1 #bid4 ,see    
also ,fables    ,allen-a-,dale1 #fbh    
,alnaschar1 #bgi1 #egi    ,ancient      
,legends of ,ireland1 #afd              
,,andersen1 ,h4 ,c41 #agi-bjc1 #gi1     
#acd1 #cha1 #cij2     appreciation of1  
#agb-agc2     work of1 #agi             
,andersen's ,best ,fairy ,tales1 #agi1  

#aha    ,androcles1 #bfi    ,androcles  
and the ,lion1 #bgj    ,anniversary1    
,an1 #cd    ,anxious ,leaf1 ,the1 #bij  
,apologue1 #bij1 #bia4 ,see also ,fable 
,apple of ,discord1 ,the1 #ccb          
,arabian ,nights' ,entertainment1 ,the1 
#egi1 #bce1 #egh1 #egi    ,arab to ,his 
,favorite ,steed1 ,the1 #dbj    ,arthur 
and ,sir ,accalon1 #fjc    ,arthur1     
,king1 #eie-fjc1 #egg1 #egh1 #eid       
,a,s,b,j,oe,r,n,s,e,n1 ,p41 #abb-abh2   
work of1 #abb    ,as ,i was going to    
,st4 ,ives1 #bc    ,as ,i was going up  
,pippen ,hill1 #bc    ,as ,i went to    
,bonner1 #bc    ,ass in the ,lion's     
,skin1 ,the1 #bha    ,as ,tommy ,snooks 
and ,bessie ,brooks1 #bc    ,a swarm of 
bees in ,may1 #bc    ,autobiography2    
,see ,biography    ,autobiography of    
,benjamin ,franklin1 ,the1 #fdf    ,a   
,was an ,apple-,pie1 #cd     ,baa1 baa1 
black sheep1 #bc    ,babes in the ,wood1
 ,the1 #ci    ,baby ,bye1 #cgc          
,,bailey1 ,c4 ,s41 #ei    ,,bain1 ,r4   
,n41 #afj    ,ballad1 #dbe1 #dcf1 #fbh1 

#dcg1 #fbh    ,ballad of ,nathan ,hale1 
,the1 #dbe    ,,barbauld1 ,a4 ,l41 #dea 
,barber1 barber1 shave a pig1 #bc       
,battle between the ,fox and the ,wolf1 
,the1 #eia    ,bears of ,blue ,river1   
,the1 #ejj    ,,beaumont1 ,,madame ,,de1
 #aaj    ,beauty and the ,beast1 #aaj   
,,beecher1 ,h4 ,w41 #bij    ,beowulf1   
#egg    ,beth ,gelert1 #dcf    ,betty's 
,ride1 ,a ,tale of the ,revolution1 #dif
    ,beyond the ,pasture ,bars1 #ebj    
,bible1 ,the1 #bhh1 #bhi                
,bibliography3     7a74 ,general2 #b-d2 
,bible as literature for children1 #c2  
collections of literature for children1 
#b2       dramatization1 #c2            
guides in teaching1 #b-c2               
historical development1 #b2             
interpretations of childhood1 #d2       
social and psychological backgrounds1   
#d2       story-telling1 #c4     7b74   
,special2       biography and hero      
stories1 #fcb2       fables and symbolic
 stories1 #bfb2       fairy stories1    
modern fantastic tales1 #agj2           

fairy stories1 traditional tales1 #eb2  
,mother ,goose and nursery rhymes1 #ah2 
myths1 #cjb2       nature literature1   
#eaj2       poetry1 #cfh2               
realistic stories1 #ddb2       romance  
and legend1 #egf4     7c74 ,special     
reading for teachers2       biography   
and hero stories1 #fcd2       modern    
fairy stories1 #agc2       myths1 #cje2 
nature literature1 #eab2       nursery  
rhymes1 #bb2       poetry1 #cgj2        
romance and legend1 #egh4     7d74      
,graded lists for children1 #ab-ad1     
#fgi-fhf    ,,bidpai2 history of1 #bfd  
,big ,bear1 ,the1 #ejj    ,biography and
 hero stories1 #fce-fgf2     discussion 
of1 #fcc-fcd2     selection of1         
#fcc-fcd2     value of1 #fcc    ,bird   
,habits1 #edi    ,birds of a feather    
flock together1 #bc    ,,blake1 ,w41    
#djj-dja    ,bless you1 bless you1      
burnie bee1 #bc    ,blue ,light1 ,the1  
#acd1 #aie    ,boats ,sail on the       
,rivers1 #cid    ,bobby ,shafto's gone  
to sea1 #bd    ,book of ,golden ,deeds1 

,the1 #fga    ,book of ,legends1 ,the1  
#fbj1 #egh    ,book of ,nursery ,rhymes 
#ba    ,book of the ,dun ,cow1 #afb     
,books for children2 ,see ,bibliography 
,boots and ,his ,brothers1 #abe    ,bow1
 wow1 wow1 #bd    ,boyhood of           
,washington1 ,the1 #fdb    ,boy's ,life 
of ,abraham ,lincoln1 ,the1 #fee        
,boy's ,song1 ,a1 #chi    ,,braekstad1  
,h4 ,l41 #abh    ,bramble ,is ,made     
,king1 ,the1 #bhh    ,,brandes1 ,g41    
#agi1 #ahj1 #aif1 #bjc    ,breathes     
,there the ,man1 #dbd    ,brier ,rose1  
#adb    ,,brooks1 ,e4 ,s41 #fce         
,,brown1 ,t4 ,e41 #dah    ,,browne1 ,f41
 #baj1 #bji    ,,browning1 ,r41 #cii1   
#cih    ,brown ,thrush1 ,the1 #cgd      
,,bryant1 ,s4 ,c41 #gj    ,,bryant1 ,w4 
,c41 #dag1 #daf    ,buddhist ,birth     
,stories1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #bha              
,,bulfinch1 ,t41 #cci1 #cdc             
,,burgess1 ,t4 ,w4 #eae1 #ead    ,burial
 of ,poor ,cock ,robin1 ,the1 #dd       
,butterfly's ,ball1 ,the1 #cig    ,bye1 
baby bunting1 #bd    ,,byron1 ,,lord1   

#daf     ,camel and the ,pig1 ,the1 #bha
    ,,canby1 ,h4 ,s41 #dif    ,can ,you1
 #cih    ,,carroll1 ,l41 #dje    ,,cary1
 ,p41 #cgg1 #cgh    ,casabianca1 #djj   
,cat and the ,mouse1 ,the1 #fj          
,celtic ,fairy ,tales1 #afb             
,,cervantes-,,saavedra1 ,m4 ,,de1 #fjg1 
#fjf    ,change ,about1 #di    ,,child1 
,l4 ,m41 #cge    ,children's ,book1     
,the1 #fdb    ,children's ,literature2  
,see ,literature    ,child's ,guide to  
,reading1 ,a1 #h    ,christmas stories1 
#eje    ,cinderella1 #ajb               
,circus-,day ,parade1 ,the1 #chh        
,city ,mouse and the ,garden ,mouse1    
,the1 #bfh    ,classic ,myths in        
,english ,literature and ,art1 #cdj     
,cock a ,doodle ,doo1 #cg    ,cock and  
the ,fox1 ,the1 #bhd    ,cock ,robin1   
#db1 #dd    ,cock1 the ,cat1 and the    
,young ,mouse1 ,the1 #bhe    ,,cole1    
,h41 #ehf1 #eia1 #egh    ,,coleridge1   
,s4 ,t41 #agh    ,,collins1 ,,wm41 #dbe 
,,collins1 ,w4 ,l41 #bhe    ,come when  
you're called1 #bd    ,concord ,hymn1   

#dbd    ,connla and the ,fairy ,maiden1 
#afb    ,,cook1 ,e41 #djb    ,,coolidge1
 ,s41 #cgg    ,cossack ,fairy ,tales1   
#afj    ,country ,mouse and the ,town   
,mouse1 ,the1 #bfi    ,course of ,study1
 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #ac-af1 #eab1 #egg1       
#fcc-fcd    ,courtship of ,cock ,robin  
and ,jenny ,wren1 #db    ,cow1 ,the1    
#cha    ,cow1 ,the1 #cib    ,,cox1 ,r41 
#aab    ,,craik1 ,d4 ,m42 ,see ,,mulock 
,croesus and ,solon1 #bii    ,crossing  
the ,bar1 #dad    ,cross patch1 #bd     
,crow and the ,pitcher1 ,the1 #bff      
,curly locks6 curly locks6 #bd          
,daffodils1 #dai    ,dairywoman and the 
,pot of ,milk1 ,the1 #bgh    ,daisies1  
#che    ,dame ,wiggins of ,lee and ,her 
,seven ,wonderful ,cats1 #de1 #bde      
,dance1 little baby1 dance up high1 #bd 
,darius ,green and ,his ,flying         
,machine1 #dcb1 #ccf    ,,dasent1 ,g4   
,w41 #abb-abe    ,day ,is ,done1 ,the1  
#daj    ,,day1 ,t41 #bgj1 #def1 #bgj    
,death of ,balder1 ,the1 #cfj           
,destruction of ,sennacherib1 ,the1 #daf

    ,diamond1 or a ,coal1 ,a1 #cid      
,didactic period1 #ddc    ,diddle1      
diddle1 dumpling1 my son ,john1 #bd     
,ding1 dong1 bell1 #bd    ,ding ,dong6  
,ding ,dong6 #cgb    ,discontented      
,pendulum1 ,the1 #big    ,doctor        
,foster1 #bd    ,doctor1 ,the1 #fd      
,,dodgson1 ,c4 ,l42 ,see ,,carroll1 ,l4 
,dog and the ,shadow1 ,the1 #bgf    ,don
 ,quixote1 #fjg-fah1 #egg    ,,doyle1   
,f4 ,h41 #dbg    ,drakestail1 #ajg      
,dramatization1 #aa-ab1 #aij    ,droll1 
or noodle story1 #fc1 #ga1 #aej2        
defined1 #fg    ,duel1 ,the1 #chg       
,,dulcken1 ,h4 ,w41 #aij-bjc1 #agi      
,,edgeworth1 ,m41 #dei1 #deh    ,egg in 
the ,nest1 ,the1 #di    ,eggs1 butter1  
cheese1 bread1 #bd    ,eldorado1 #dae   
,elves and the ,shoemaker1 ,the1 #acg   
,emerald ,is as ,green as ,grass1 ,an1  
#cid    ,,emerson1 ,r4 ,w41 #dbd1 #dbc  
,emperor's ,new ,clothes1 ,the1 #aha    
,english ,fairy and ,folk ,tales1 #fg1  
#hd    ,english ,fairy ,tales1 #eh1 #fa1
 #gc    ,evenings at ,home1 #dea        

,,ewing1 ,j4 ,h41 #dgh1 #cha1 #dgg      
,eyes1 and ,no ,eyes1 #dea     ,fables1 
#bff-bhi2     discussion of1 #bfc-bfe2  
defined #bfd2     presentation of1      
#bfd-bfe2     selection of1 #bfd1 #bhd2 
use in school1 #bfd2     symbolistic and
 allegorical stories1 #bij-cjj2         
,a,esopic1 #bff ff42     ,biblical1 #bhh
 ff42     ,buddhistic1 #bha ff42        
,english1 #bgj1 #bhf2     ,french1 #bgc1
 #bgh1 #bhd1 #bhe2     ,indian1 #bha2   
,roman1 #bfi2     ,russian1 #bhg2       
,sanskrit1 #bhc2     ,spanish1 #bhg     
,fables of ,a,esop1 ,the1 #bff1 #bfg1   
#bfi1 #bgh    ,fairy ,book1 ,the1 #gc1  
#hj    ,fairy ,scene in a ,wood1 ,a1    
#dbc    ,fairy stories3     7a7 ,modern 
fantastic tales1 #agd-bfj2              
discussion of1 #aga-agc2       some     
qualities of1 #agb4     7b7 ,traditional
 or folk tales1 #ef-afh2                
discussion of1 #ec-ee1 #ef2       how to
 use1 #ee2       vs4 myths1 #cjc2       
,english1 #ef-ib2       ,french1        
#ib-abb2       ,gaelic1 #afb-afd2       

,german1 #aca-aej2       ,indian1       
#aej-aef2       ,irish1 #afd-afh2       
,japanese1 #aef-aei2       ,norse1      
#abb-aca2       ,russian1 #afj-afb      
,falcon1 ,the1 #dbi    ,famous ,passages
 from ,dr4 ,watts1 #djh    ,fanciful    
,tales1 #bcd    ,farmer ,went ,trotting1
 ,a1 #ch    ,,field1 ,e41 #che-chg      
,,field1 ,w4 ,t41 #ba    ,field ,mouse  
and the ,town ,mouse1 ,the1 #bfh    ,fir
 ,tree1 ,the1 #aij    ,fisherman and    
,his ,wife1 ,the1 #ach    ,flying ,kite1
 #che    ,folklore1 #e1 #aj1 #ec1 #ef1  
#aca1 #aga1 #bfh1 #bha4       ,see also 
,fables1 ,fairy ,stories1 ,myths1       
,poetry1 and ,romance    ,folk tales2   
,see ,fairy stories    ,,follen1 ,e4    
,l41 #cga-cgb    ,,ford1 ,s41 #ebg      
,for every evil under the sun1 #bd      
,for ,those ,who ,fail1 #dae    ,for    
,want of a ,nail1 #dj                   
,four-and-twenty tailors1 #be    ,four  
,leaved ,clover1 ,a1 #agd    ,four      
,million1 ,the1 #eje    ,fox and ,his   
,wife1 ,the1 #dj    ,fox and the        

,grapes1 ,the1 #bgf    ,,france1 ,,marie
 ,,de1 #bhd    ,,francillon1 ,r4 ,e41   
#ccj1 #ccb    ,,franklin1 ,b41 #bej1    
#bia1 #bic1 #fdf1 #bfc    ,,frere1 ,m41 
#aeb1 #aej    ,frey1 #ced    ,frog and  
the ,ox1 ,the1 #bfg    ,frogs ,desiring 
a ,king1 ,the1 #bfg     ,,gay1 ,j41 #bhf
    ,,gayley1 ,c4 ,m41 #cdj    ,george  
,washington1 #fdb    ,gift of the ,magi1
 ,the1 #eje    ,,gilbert1 ,w4 ,s41 #dcj 
,gods and ,heroes1 #ccj1 #ccb           
,,goldsmith1 ,o41 #ai1 #dde2     work   
of1 #dde    ,good-,natured ,little ,boy1
 ,the1 #def    ,good-,night and         
,good-,morning1 #cif    ,good ,play1 ,a1
 #chb    ,good ,samaritan1 ,the1 #bhi   
,goody ,two-,shoes1 #dde    ,goose with 
the ,golden ,eggs1 ,the1 #bgb           
,,gosse1 ,e41 #cha1 #dgg    ,grading2   
,see ,course of study    ,granny's      
,wonderful ,chair1 #bji    ,grasshopper 
and the ,ant1 ,the1 #bhe    ,great ,a1  
little a1 #be    ,green ,fairy ,book1   
#gc    ,,grimm1 ,,jacob and ,,wilhelm1  
#acb-adf1 #hi2     work of1 #aca        

,grimm's ,popular ,stories1 #acb-adb    
,,hale1 ,s4 ,j41 #cgc1 #cgb             
,,halliwell1 ,j4 ,o41 #bc ff41 #fj-fc1  
#gj-ga1 #bj1 #dg1 #ei2     work of1 #ef 
,happy ,prince1 ,the1 #bag    ,hardy    
,tin ,soldier1 ,the1 #bjj    ,hare and  
the ,tortoise1 ,the1 #bgc    ,hare with 
,many ,friends1 ,the1 #bhf    ,hark1    
hark1 #be    ,,harris1 ,j4 ,c41 #eaa    
,,harrison1 ,i4 ,h41 #bhh    ,,hartland1
 ,e4 ,s41 #fg1 #hd1 #hi    ,,havell1 ,h4
 ,l41 #fjg-fah    ,,hawthorne1 ,n41     
#cji1 #cai1 #ccf2     work of1 #cji     
,hebrew ,tales1 #agg    ,,hemans1 ,f4   
,d41 #djj    ,,henderson1 ,a4 ,c41 #agi 
,,henley1 ,w4 ,e41 #dbi                 
,henny-,penny1 #eh    ,,henry1 ,o41 #eje
    ,hen with the ,golden ,eggs1 ,the1  
#bgc    ,here sits the ,lord ,mayor1 #be
    ,here we go up1 up1 up1 #be         
,heroes of ,asgard1 ,the1 #ced    ,hero 
stories2 ,see ,romance    ,hey6 diddle1 
diddle1 #be    ,hickery1 dickery1 #f and
 #g1 #be    ,hickory1 dickory1 dock1 #be
    ,higgledy1 ,piggledy1 #be           

,history of ,sandford and ,merton1 #bgj1
 #def    ,hitopadesa1 #bhc    ,,hogg1   
,j41 #chi    ,hogs in the garden1 catch 
'em ,towser1 #be    ,hollow ,tree       
,nights and ,days1 #eaf    ,,holmes1 ,o4
 ,w41 #dbe1 #dai1 #dbd    ,,horace1     
#bfi1 #bfh    ,horned ,women1 ,the1 #afd
    ,horses ,nine1 #ebg    ,hot-cross   
buns1 #bf    ,household ,tales2 ,see    
,kinder und ,hausmaerchen    ,house that
 ,jack ,built1 ,this is the1 #dh2       
origin of1 #dg    ,how ,arthur ,became  
,king1 #eie    ,how ,bruin the ,bear    
,sped with ,reynard the ,fox1 #ehf      
,how ,columbus ,got ,his ,ships1 #fce   
,,howitt1 ,m41 #cij1 #agi    ,,howitt1  
,w41 #cia    ,how ,sleep the ,brave1    
#dbe    ,how the ,fenris ,wolf ,was     
,chained1 #cea    ,how the ,leaves ,came
 ,down1 #cgg    ,hub a dub dub1 #bf     
,humpty ,dumpty sat on a wall1 #bf      
,,hunt1 ,l41 #dad    ,,hunt1 ,m41 #add1 
#adf1 #acb1 #ach    ,,hurwitz1 ,h41 #agg
    ,husband ,who ,was ,to ,mind the    
,house1 ,the1 #abd     ,icarus and      

,daedalus1 #ccf    ,if all the sea were 
one sea1 #bf    ,if all the world was   
apple-pie1 #bf    ,if ,i'd as much      
money1 #bf    ,if ifs and ands1 #bf     
,if wishes were horses1 #bf    ,i had a 
little hobby horse1 #bf    ,i had a     
little pony1 #bf    ,i have a little    
sister1 #bg    ,i ,like ,little ,pussy1 
#cic    ,i'll tell you a story1 #bg     
,inchcape ,rock1 ,the1 #dba    ,indian  
,fairy ,tales1 #aed    ,indian ,folk    
,stories and ,fables1 #bha1 #bhj        
,,ingelow1 ,j41 #bbg    ,in marble walls
 as white as milk1 #bg    ,insect       
,stories1 #ebd    ,in the ,western      
,wilderness1 #ffb    ,invictus1 #dbi    
,irish ,fairy ,tales1 #aff    ,,isaacs1 
,a4 ,s41 #agd    ,i ,saw a ,ship1 #cf   
,i went up one pair of stairs1 #bg      
,jackanapes1 #dgh1 #dgg    ,jack and    
,jill went up the hill1 #bg    ,jack and
 the ,beanstalk1 #gc    ,jack be nimble1
 #bg    ,jack ,sprat could eat no fat1  
#bg    ,,jacobs1 ,j41 #hi1 #aed1 #afb1  
#bff1 #bfg1 #bfi1 #bgh1 #gc1 #ehf2      

work of1 #eh    ,japanese ,fairy ,tales1
 #aef1 #aeh    ,jataka ,tales2 ,see     
,buddhistic ,birth ,stories    ,jemima1 
#da    ,johnny ,chuck ,finds the ,best  
,thing in the ,world1 #eae    ,,jordan1 
,d4 ,s41 #eef    ,just-,so ,stories1    
#efb     ,,keary1 ,a4 and ,e41 #ced     
,,kellogg1 ,v4 ,l41 #ebd    ,kid and the
 ,wolf1 ,the1 #bgf    ,kinder und       
,hausmaerchen1 #acb-adf1 #aca    ,king  
,arthur2 ,see ,arthur    ,king ,arthur  
and ,his ,knights1 #fjc    ,king ,bell1 
#che    ,king ,john and the ,bishop of  
,canterbury1 #dcg    ,king of the       
,golden ,river1 ,the1 #bde    ,king     
,o',toole and ,his ,goose1 #aff         
,,kingscote1 ,,mrs41 #aed    ,kings in  
,exile1 #eff    ,,kingsley1 ,c41 #dab   
,,kipling1 ,r41 #dbh1 #efb1 #abb        
,knights of the ,silver ,shield1 ,the1  
#bbc    ,knock at the door1 #bg         
,,kready1 ,l4 ,f41 #ig1 #aij            
,,krylov1 ,i4 ,a41 #bhh1 #bhg           
,,kupfer1 ,g4 ,h41 #cjf     ,ladybird1  
ladybird1 fly away home1 #bg    ,,la    

,,fontaine1 ,j4 ,,de1 #bgc1 #bgh1 #bhd1 
#bhe1 #bgb    ,la ,fontaine and ,other  
,french ,fabulists1 #bhe    ,lamb1 ,the1
 #dja    ,,lamb1 ,c41 #ddd    ,lambikin1
 ,the1 #aej    ,lamplighter1 ,the1 #chb 
,land of ,nod1 ,the1 #chb    ,land of   
,story-,books1 ,the1 #chb    ,,lang1    
,a41 #id1 #ajf1 #bj1 #ba1 #di1 #fa1 #gc1
 #ic1 #ajj    ,,larcom1 ,l41 #cgd       
,lark and ,her ,young ,ones1 ,the1 #bge 
,last ,bull1 #eff    ,lazy ,jack1 #gj   
,leak in the ,dyke1 ,the1 #cgh          
,,lear1 ,e41 #djc-djd    ,legend2 ,see  
,romance    ,le ,morte ,d',arthur1      
#eie-eih1 #eid    ,library2 improvement 
of1 #aj    ,lincoln's ,early ,days1 #fee
    ,lion and the ,mouse1 ,the1 #bff    
,lion ,tricked by a ,rabbit1 ,a1 #bhc   
,literature for children2     general   
discussion of1 #e-af2     artistic worth
 of1 #g1 #i1 #ai1 #ddd2     course of   
study in1 #ac-af1 #fcc-fcd2     cultural
 value of1 #i1 #ai1 #bfd1 #egg1 #fcc2   
democratic origin of1 #g1 #bj2          
didactic1 #ddc2     kinds1 traditional  

vs4 modern1 #g1 #aga-agb2               
presentation of1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ad1 
#ee1 #agc1 #bfe1 #cfi1 #ddc1 #eaa1 #fcc2
     purpose of1 #i1 #ba1 #ddc1 #eaa2   
selection of1 #i1 #bfd1 #cje1 #cfi1     
#cgj2     vs4 reading1 #h-i4     ,see   
also ,poetry1 ,stories1 etc4    ,little 
and ,great1 #cii    ,little ,bo-,peep1  
#cg    ,little boy blue1 #bg    ,little 
girl1 little girl1 #bg    ,little       
,golden ,hood1 ,true ,history of1 #id   
,little ,jack ,horner1 #bh    ,little   
,jack ,jingle1 #bh    ,little ,johnny   
,pringle had a little pig1 #bh          
,little ,kitty1 ,the1 #cgb    ,little   
,miss ,muffet1 #bh    ,little ,nancy    
,etticoat1 #bh    ,little ,red          
,riding-,hood1 #ic    ,little ,robin    
,redbreast1 #bh    ,little ,tommy       
,tucker1 #bh    ,,locke1 ,j41 #bfe      
,london ,bridge1 #cf    ,,longfellow1   
,h4 ,w41 #djh-daa1 #dae1 #fbj    ,long  
legs1 crooked thighs1 #bh    ,lord      
,helpeth ,man and ,beast1 ,the1 #agh    
,,lover1 ,s41 #afe    ,,lowell1 ,j4 ,r41

 #dbi1 #dcj    ,lucy ,locket lost her   
pocket1 #bh     ,,mabie1 ,h4 ,w41 #cdh1 
#cfj1 #cdh    ,,macclintock1 ,p4 ,l41   
#ba    ,,mackay1 ,c41 #cii    ,,macy1   
,j41 #h    ,,major1 ,c41 #ejj           
,,malory1 ,,sir ,t41 #eie-eih1 #egh1    
#eid    ,man and the ,satyr1 ,the1 #bgf 
,man of ,words1 ,a1 #dj    ,,marelles1  
,c41 #id1 #ajf    ,mary ,had a ,little  
,lamb1 #cgc    ,matthew1 ,mark1 ,luke1  
and ,john1 #bh    ,meddlesome ,mattie1  
#cic    ,mediaeval stories2 ,see        
,romance    ,memorizing1 #cgj           
,mercury and the ,woodman1 #bgf    ,mice
 in ,council1 ,the1 #bgg    ,midas1 #cci
    ,milking ,time1 #cid    ,milkmaid   
and ,her ,pail1 ,the1 #bgh    ,milkweed 
,seeds1 #cd    ,miller1 ,his ,son1 and  
the ,ass1 ,the1 #bgd    ,,miller1 ,j41  
#dae    ,,miller1 ,o4 ,t41 #edi1 #edh   
,,milnes1 ,r4 ,m41 #cif    ,miraculous  
,pitcher1 ,the1 #cai    ,mirror of      
,matsuyama1 ,the1 #aef    ,mistress     
,mary1 quite contrary1 #bh    ,,moe1    
,j42 ,see ,a,s,b,j,oe,r,n,s,e,n         

,molly and ,i1 #ce    ,moon1 ,the1 #cga 
,mother ,goose1 #g1 #aj1 #ai-bb1 #ic1   
#aga1 #cgj2     history of1 #ai-ba4     
,see also ,poetry1 traditional          
,mother ,goose's ,melody1 #ai1 #bj1 #dde
    ,mother ,hubbard and ,her ,dog1 #da 
,moti ,guj--,mutineer1 #efb             
,moufflou1 #ece    ,mountain and the    
,squirrel1 ,the1 #dbd    ,mountebank and
 the ,countryman1 ,the1 #bgg    ,mr4    
',possum's ,sick ,spell1 #eaf    ,mr4   
,vinegar1 ,the ,story of1 #ga           
,,mulock1 ,,miss1 #gc1 #hj              
,multiplication is vexation1 #bh        
,musical ,ass1 ,the1 #bhg    ,my ,bed   
,is a ,boat1 #chc    ,my ,garden1 #dah  
,my ,shadow1 #chc    ,myths1 #cjf-cff2  
discussion of1 #cjc-cje2     definition 
of1 #cjc2     objections to1 #cjd2      
use in school1 #cje2     value of1 #cjd2
     ,greek and ,roman1 #cjf-cdc2       
explanatory introduction to1 #cjf2      
,norse1 #cdc-cff2     explanatory       
introduction to1 #cdc1 #cdh1 #cfj       
,narcissus1 ,the1 #ccj    ,nathan ,hale1

 ,the ,ballad of1 #dbe    ,nature       
literature1 #eac-egd2     discussion of1
 #eaa-eab2     place in the grades1 #ac1
 #eab2     some types of1 #eaa-eab2     
what it is1 #eaa    ,needles and pins1  
needles and pins1 #bi    ,,newbery1 ,j41
 #ai1 #bj1 #dde    ,,nicolay1 ,h41 #fee 
,nightingale1 ,the1 #ahd    ,noodle     
story2 ,see ,droll    ,norse ,stories1  
#cdh1 #cfj    ,,norton1 ,c4 ,e41 #dbj   
,nursery rhymes2 ,see ,poetry           
,nursery ,rhymes and ,tales1 #ei-fc1    
#ef1 #ga    ,nursery ,rhymes of         
,england1 #bj     ,odyssey1 ,the1 #egg  
,old ,deccan ,days1 #aeb1 #aej1 #aea    
,old ,greek ,folk ,stories1 #cce1 #ccg  
,old ,ironsides1 #dbe    ,old ,king     
,cole1 #bi    ,old ,man and ,his ,sons1 
,the1 #bge    ,old ,mother ,west ,wind1 
#eae    ,old ,pipes and the ,dryad1 #bcd
    ,old ,woman and ,her ,pig1 ,the1 #ef
    ,once ,i saw a little bird1 #bi     
,one for the money1 #bi    ,one misty1  
moisty morning1 #bi    #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1  
#e1 #bi    ,one1 two1 #bi    ,,ouida1   

#ece1 #ecd    ,over ,hill1 ,over ,dale1 
#dbc    ,owl and the ,pussy-,cat1 ,the1 
#djc     ,,paine1 ,a4 ,b41 #eaf         
,pandora's ,box1 #cji    ,parables1     
#bhi2     defined1 #bhi    ,paradise of 
,children1 ,the1 #cji    ,,parent',s    
,,assistant1 ,,the1 #dei    ,pass of    
,thermopylae1 ,the1 #fga    ,pat-a-cake1
 pat-a-cake1 #bi    ,,peabody1 ,j4 ,p41 
#ccf1 #ccg1 #cce    ,pease-porridge hot1
 #bi    ,peddler's ,caravan1 ,the1 #cie 
,,perrault1 ,c4 #ic1 #ig1 #ajj1 #ajb1   
#ai2     work of1 #ib    ,peter1 ,peter1
 pumpkin-eater1 #cj    ,peter ,piper    
picked a peck of pickled peppers1 #cj   
,peter ,rabbit ,books1 #eac             
,phaethon1 #cdj    ,piper1 ,the1 #dja   
,pippa's ,song1 #cii    ,planting of the
 ,apple-,tree1 ,the1 #dag    ,poacher   
and the ,silver ,fox1 ,the1 #eea        
,pobble ,who ,has ,no ,toes1 ,the1 #djd 
,,poe1 ,e4 ,a41 #dae    ,poetry3     7a7
 modern1 #cga-dcg2       discussion of1 
#cfi-cgj2       reading of1 #ad1 #cgj2  
selection of1 #ad1 #cfi2       teaching 

of1 #i1 #ad1 #cfi2     7b7 traditional1 
or nursery rhymes1 #bc-ej2              
discussion of1 #ai-bb2       appeal to  
children1 #g1 #aj1 #ai1 #ba1 #cd2       
history of1 #ai-bb4     ,see also       
,mother ,goose1 ,literature1 and ,course
 of study    ,poet's ,song1 ,the1 #dac  
,poor old ,robinson ,crusoe1 #cj        
,popular ,tales from the ,norse1        
#abc-abe1 #abb    ,,porter1 ,w4 ,s41    
,see ,,henry    ,,potter1 ,b41 #eac     
,pourquoi story1 #agb    ,,prentiss1    
,e41 #cgb    ,pride ,goeth before a     
,fall1 #aed    ,prince's ,dream1 ,the1  
#bbg    ,prodigal ,son1 ,the1 #bhi      
,proserpine1 #ced4 ,see also ,story of  
the ,springtime    ,proud ,king1 ,the1  
#fbj    ,psalm of ,life1 ,the1 #daa     
,puss-in-,boots1 #ig    ,pussy-cat1     
pussy-cat1 #cj    ,pussy sits beside the
 fire1 #cj     ,quern at the ,bottom of 
the ,sea1 ,the1 #abi     ,raggedy ,man1 
,the1 #chi    ,rain1 #cha    ,,ramaswami
 ,,raju1 ,p4 ,v41 #bha1 #bhj    ,,ramee1
 ,l4 ,,de ,,la2 ,see ,,ouida    ,,rands1

 ,w4 ,b41 #cie1 #cif    ,reading2       
distinguished from literature1 #h-i2    
lists for various grades1 7,see ,course 
of study72     of literature1 #ad1      
#cfi-cgj2     supplemental1 #aj         
,realistic ,stories1 #dde-ejh2          
discussion of1 #ddc-ddd2     ,christmas1
 #eje2     didactic or #ahth century1   
#dde-dei1 #ddc-ddd2     modern1         
#dgh-ejh1 #ddd2     ,sunday-school1 #ddc
    ,real ,princess1 ,the1 #agi         
,recessional1 #dbh    ,red ,fairy ,book1
 #id1 #ajf    ,red ,thread of ,honor1   
,the1 #dbg    ,renowned ,history of     
,little ,goody ,two-,shoes1 ,the1 #dde1 
#ddc1 #ddd    ,,repplier1 ,a41 #ed      
,reynard the ,fox1 #ehf1 #eia1 #bhd1    
#egg    ,rhymes2 ,see ,poetry           
,,rhys-,,davids1 ,t4 ,w41 #bha1 #bhb    
,ride a cock-horse1 #cj    ,ride1 baby1 
ride1 #cj    ,,riley1 ,j4 ,w41 #chh-chi 
,,roberts1 ,c4 ,g4 ,d41 #eff    ,robin  
and the ,merry ,little ,old ,woman1 #fbc
    ,robin ,hood1 #fbc1 #fbh    ,robin  
,hood3 ,his ,book1 #fbc    ,rock-a-bye1 

baby1 #cj    ,rock-a-bye1 baby1 thy     
cradle is green1 #cj    ,romance and    
,legend1 #egi-fcj2     discussion of1   
#egg-egh2     stories and versions      
recommended1 #egg-egh2     use in       
school1 #egg    ,,roscoe1 ,w41 #cig     
,rose-,bud1 #adb    ,,rossetti1 ,c4 ,g41
 #bfh1 #cid    ,,rousseau1 ,j4 ,j41     
#bfd1 #bhd1 #ddc    ,r4 ,s41 ,,gent1    
#ig1 #ic    ,rumpelstiltskin1 #add      
,runaway ,brook1 ,the1 #cgb    ,,ruskin1
 ,j41 #de1 #bde2     work of1 #bde      
,,saintsbury1 ,g4 ,e4 ,b41 #ba1 #bb     
,sands of ,dee1 ,the1 #dab    ,science  
,sketches1 #eef    ,,scott1 ,,sir ,w41  
#dbd    ,,scudder1 ,h4 ,e41 #fbj1 #fdb1 
#egh2     work of1 #fdb    ,see a pin   
and pick it up1 #cj    ,,seegmiller1    
,w41 #cd    ,see1 saw1 sacradown1 #ca   
,seldom or ,never1 #cid    ,,seton1 ,e4 
,t41 #eea    ,,shakespeare1 ,w41 #dbc   
,,sharp1 ,d4 ,l41 #ebj    ,,shaw1 ,a4   
,h41 #ffb    ,shepherd of ,king         
,admetus1 ,the1 #dcj    ,shepherd's     
,boy1 ,the1 #bff1 #aa-ab    ,shepherd1  

,the1 #dja    ,,sherman1 ,f4 ,d41       
#chd-che    ,shoe the little horse1 #ca 
,simple ,simon1 #ch    ,sing a song of  
sixpence1 #ca    ,sing-,song1 #cid      
,,skeat1 ,w4 ,w41 #bhd    ,skeleton in  
,armor1 ,the1 #djh    ,snow-,white and  
,rose-,red1 #adf    ,solitary ,reaper1  
,the1 #dai    ,songs of ,innocence1 #djj
    ,,southey1 ,r41 #dba    ,,spencer1  
,w4 ,r41 #dcf    ,spider and the ,fly1  
,the1 #cij    ,spinning ,top1 #chd      
,star light1 star bright1 #ca    ,star1 
,the1 #cid    ,,steel1 ,f4 ,a41 #aej1   
#aec    ,,stevenson1 ,r4 ,l41 #cha-chd1 
#chj    ,,stockton1 ,f4 ,r41 #bcd1 #bcc 
,stories2 dramatization of1 #aa-ab2     
selection of1 #i1 #aj1 #bfd1 #bhd-bhe1  
#cje1 #egg1 #fcc2     accumulative1 #dg1
 #ef1 #aej1 #afj2     biographical1     
#fce-fgf2     ,christmas1 #eje2         
didactic1 #ddc2     fable1 #bff-bhi2    
fairy1 #ef-afh1 #agd-bfj2     hero1     
7,see biographical72     legend1 7,see  
romance72     myth1 #cjf-cff2           
nature1 #eac-egd2     noodle1 #fg2      

pourquoi1 #agb2     realistic1 #dde-ejh2
     romance1 #egi-fcj2     ,see also   
,story-telling4    ,stories and ,legends
 of the ,irish ,peasantry1 #afe         
,stories from ,don ,quixote1 #fjg-fah   
,stories from the ,rabbis1 #agd         
,stories of ,long ,ago1 #cjf    ,stories
 of ,norse ,heroes1 #cea    ,stories    
,told to a ,child1 #bbh    ,story of    
,alnaschar1 ,the1 #bgi    ,story of a   
,pioneer1 ,the1 #ffb    ,story of a     
,salmon1 ,the1 #eef    ,story of        
,fairyfoot1 ,the1 #baj    ,story of ,mr4
 ,vinegar1 ,the1 #ga    ,story of the   
,springtime1 ,a1 #cjf    ,story-telling1
 #i1 #ee2     discussion of1 #aj-aa2    
,andersen's method of1 #agc2     direct 
discourse in1 #aa2     effectiveness of1
 #aj2     of fables1 #bfe2              
preparation for1 #aa2     selections    
for1 #aj2     tense in1 #aj    ,strange 
,wild ,song1 ,a1 #djf    ,straw ,ox1    
,the1 #afj    ,sugar-,plum ,tree1 ,the1 
#chf    ,supplemental reading1 #aj4     
,see also ,course of study    ,swallow  

and the ,raven1 ,the1 #bbi    ,swallow1 
,the1 #cid    ,swan1 the ,pike1 and the 
,crab1 ,the1 #bhh    ,sweet and ,low1   
#dac    ,swing1 ,the1 #chc    ,symbolic 
stories2 ,see ,fables     ,table and the
 ,chair1 ,the1 #djd    ,taffy1 #ch      
,tale of ,peter ,rabbit1 ,the1 #eac     
,tales from the ,punjab1 #aej1 #aec     
,tales of ,our ,mother ,goose1 ,the1    
#ic1 #ig-ajb1 #ai1 #ib-ic    ,tales of  
the ,sun1 #aed    ,talkative ,tortoise1 
,the1 #bhb    ,,tappan1 ,e4 ,m41 #fbc   
,,taylor1 ,a41 #cib1 #cic    ,,taylor1  
,e41 #acb-adb1 #aca    ,,taylor1 ,j41   
#big1 #cic1 #cid    ,teeny-,tiny1 #fj   
,,tennyson1 ,a41 #dac-dad1 #fbh         
,thanksgiving ,day1 #cge    ,the ,king  
of ,france went up the hill1 #ca    ,the
 lion and the unicorn1 #ca    ,the man  
in the moon1 #ca    ,the north wind doth
 blow1 #ca    ,the ,queen of ,hearts1   
#ca    ,there was a crooked man1 #ca    
,there was a little boy1 #cb    ,there  
,was a ,little ,man1 #cg    ,there was a
 little man and he had naught1 #cb      

,there was a man in our town1 #cb       
,there was an old man1 #cb    ,there was
 an ,old ,woman1 #cf    ,there was an   
old woman1 #cb    ,there was an old     
woman lived under a hill1 #cb    ,there 
was an old woman of ,leeds1 #cb         
,there was an old woman of ,norwich1 #cb
    ,there was an old woman tossed up in
 a basket1 #cb    ,there was an old     
woman who lived in a shoe1 #cc    ,there
 was an owl lived in an oak1 #cc        
,they ,didn't ,think1 #cgg    ,this is  
the way the ladies ride1 #cc    ,this   
little pig went to market1 #cc          
,,thompson1 ,e4 ,s41 ,see ,,seton       
,thor's ,visit to ,joetunheim1 #cdc     
,three ,bears1 ,story of the1 #fe       
,three ,billy-,goats ,gruff1 ,the1 #abc 
,three blind mice6 see1 how they run1   
#cc    ,three ,fishers1 ,the1 #dab      
,three ,jovial ,huntsmen1 #cg    ,three 
,little ,kittens1 ,the1 #cga    ,three  
,little ,pigs1 ,story of the1 #fa       
,three ,sillies1 ,the1 #fg    ,three    
,things to ,remember1 #djj    ,three    

wise men of ,gotham1 #cc    ,tiger1     
,the1 #dja    ,tiger1 the ,brahman1 and 
the ,jackal1 ,the1 #aec    ,,tilton1    
,t41 #cgc    ,time to ,rise1 #cha       
,tit for ,tat1 #aeb    ,titty ,mouse and
 ,tatty ,mouse1 #fc    ,toads and       
,diamonds1 #ajj    ,to a ,waterfowl1    
#dag    ,,tolstoi1 ,l41 #bii    ,to     
market1 to market1 #cc    ,tom the      
,piper's ,son1 #ch    ,tom ,thumb1 #hj  
,tom ,thumb's ,alphabet1 #ce    ,tom    
,tit ,tot1 #ij1 #add    ,tom1 ,tom1 the 
piper's son1 #cc    ,tongue-,cut        
,sparrow1 ,the1 #aeh    ,toy-books1 #da 
,travelers and the ,bear1 ,the1 #bgd    
,traveling ,musicians1 ,the1 #acb       
,treasure ,island1 #cha    ,treasures of
 the ,wise ,man1 ,the1 #chh             
,,trowbridge1 ,j4 ,t41 #dcb    ,true    
,history of ,little ,golden ,hood1 #id  
,true ,story of ,christopher ,columbus1 
#fce    ,try ,again1 #djb    ,twink6    
,twink6 #cd    ,two-legs sat upon       
three-legs1 #cc     ,ugly ,duckling1    
,the1 #bjc     ,vendetta1 ,the1 #ebd    

,,villeneuve1 ,,madame ,,de1 #aaj       
,vision of ,mirzah1 ,the1 #bid          
,walrus and the ,carpenter1 ,the1 #dje  
,,warren1 ,m4 ,r41 #fjc    ,waste ,not1 
,want ,not1 #dei    ,,watts1 ,i41 #djg1 
#djh    ,,welsh1 ,c41 #ba1 #dde    ,what
 ,does ,little ,birdie ,say1 #dac       
,when a twister a-twisting1 #cd    ,when
 ,i ,was a ,little ,boy1 #ch    ,where  
,are ,you ,going1 #ce    ,where ,go the 
,boats1 #chd    ,whistle1 ,the1 #bia    
,whittington and ,his ,cat1 #hd    ,who 
,has ,seen the ,wind1 #cid    ,whole    
,duty of ,children1 #cha    ,who ,stole 
the ,bird's ,nest1 #cge    ,why the     
,bear ,is ,stumpy-,tailed1 #abb    ,why 
the ,chimes ,rang1 #bbc    ,why the ,sea
 ,is ,salt1 #abh    ,widow and the ,hen1
 ,the1 #bgf    ,wild ,animals at ,home1 
#eea    ,,wilde1 ,,lady1 #afd           
,,wilde1 ,o41 #bag    ,wild ,life in the
 ,farm-,yard1 #ebj    ,,williston1 ,t4  
,p41 #aef1 #aeh    ,willy boy1 ,willy   
boy1 #cd    ,,wilmot-,,buxton1 ,e4 ,m41 
#cea    ,wind and the ,sun1 ,the1 #bgb  

,wind in a ,frolic1 ,the1 #cia    ,wind1
 ,the1 #chd    ,windy ,nights1 #chd     
,wolf in ,sheep's ,clothing1 ,the1 #bgc 
,wonder ,book for ,girls and ,boys1 ,a1 
#cji1 #cai    ,wonderful ,world1 ,the1  
#cif    ,,woolsey1 ,s4 ,c42 ,see        
,,coolidge    ,,wordsworth1 ,w41 #dai   
,,wright1 ,e41 #bgc1 #bgh1 #bhd         
,wyche1 ,r4 ,t41 #egg    ,wynken1       
,blynken1 and ,nod1 #che     ,yarn of   
the ,nancy ,bell1 ,the1 #dcj    ,,yeats1
 ,w4 ,b41 #aff    ,,yonge1 ,c4 ,m41 #fga
    ,,yriarte1 ,t4 de1 #bhg         99  
99       99       99       99           
,transcriber's ,notes3  ,obvious        
punctuation errors repaired4 ,in this   
text the oe-ligature is represented by  
brackets oe4 ,bold text is represented  
by  and italic by 4 ,in addition1 the   
text used _/ as punctuation in one      
story4  ,page vi1 ,rocky changed to     
,rock 7#hc4 ,rock-a-bye7  ,page x1      
,gelert changed to ,gelert 7,beth       
,gelert7  ,page #b1 ,literatary changed 
to ,literary 7,literary ,taste and7     

,page #ai1 withold changed to withhold  
7do not withhold ,mother7  ,page #aee1  
,ta1 tai tom changed to ,ta1 tai tom    
7,ta1 tai tom1 tadingana7  ,page #ahj1  
,emporer's changed to ,emperor's 7,the  
,emperor's ,new7  ,page #bjb1 warrier   
changed to warrior 7thou warrior brave7 
,page #bcf1 ,dyrad changed to ,dryad    
7beautiful ,dryad stepped7  ,page #bii1 
wordly changed to worldly 7worldly      
greatness2 ,solon7  ,page #cjb1 ,column 
changed to ,colum 7,colum1 ,padraic1    
,the ,children of ,odin47  ,page #dcg1  
,lleweylln's changed to ,llewellyn's    
7,llewellyn's sorrow proved7  ,page     
#ddh1 be changed to he 7,though ill1 he 
began7  ,footnote3 ,page #dhb           
originally1 added ,author's ,note4 to   
conform to rest of text4 ,footnote      
begins3 7,the ,mail ,coach it was7      
,page #dhg1 hair-dressser changed to    
hair-dresser 7for the hair-dresser7     
,page #dih1 hurridly changed to         
hurriedly 7hurriedly4 ,go quickly7      
,page #eaj1 ,thorton changed to         

,thornton 7,burgess1 ,thornton ,w47     
,page #eba1 word a moved up from the end
 of the line below4 ,original read3     
,so1 if you will watch1 you shall see   
real wild turkey in the tamest old a    
,page #egh1 it changed to in 7in its    
lofty spirit7  ,page #ffb1 ,misisssippi 
changed to ,mississippi 7lower          
,mississippi1 where7  ,page #ffc1       
unwildy changed to unwieldy 7the        
unwieldy vehicle7  ,page #fhg1 a changed
 to the 7,breathes ,there the ,man7     
,page #fhb1 ,segur changed to ,segur    
7,segur1 ,sophie ,r4 de7  ,page #fhh1   
small-caps were added to ,mulock to     
conform to rest of the index4